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UNITED  STATES  MAGiZINE, 


DEMOCRATIC  REVIEW. 


1  iv? 


NEW  SERIES. 


VOLUME    XV. 


NEW  YORK: 
HENBY    G.    lANGLEY,    S    ASTOE    HOOSE. 


GoogI 


;ia|- 


► 


DijilizcdbyGoOl^le 


INDEX    TO    VOLUME    XV. 


AlSiri 

An^orilr  Bgaiiut  Seuoa  . 
ATtrie*  and  Earf,  a  Tde  . 
Barrett,  Elizabeth  B. 

Blind  Jacqnn,  b;  Hra.  Ellkt 

Book  of  Aatographa,  bf  N.  HAWTHomNK 

Bridal  oF  Pennaeook,  hj  J.  6.  WaiTTin 

Batlcr'g,  Mr*.,  Poemt,  Reriew  «f    . 

Critieixm  in  America  . 

'   ■  and  Criticf  of  Uia  19th  Ceatorr 

CrovDcd  Rhyme*     , 

Children'!  Books,  b;  W.  A.  Jantt 

CarreacT  Qantioii,  Ju^ 

Death  of  a  Friend'i  Child,  bf  J.  R  Loweu. 

Drama  of  Life,  hj  Euzueth  B.  Buanr 

Draper'*  l>aiiEEhter,  the,  «  Tale 

Echoei  of  the  Heart 

Egeria,  by  H.  T.  TttccriiMAir 

FestiTal,  a  Tonmamenl  and  a  Jubilee 

Firit  and  Second  Bate  Men  • 

^-~  Word  afler  the  Election 

Franeii  Litzt,  bj  Mas.  Ellet 

Fraoklin'i  Celebrated  Line,  "Eripnit  ncki  fnlinea, 

Harro  Barring,  a  Sketch,  by  A.  H.  Evecett 

Hope,  a  Sonnet         .  .  ■  . 

Horoe'i  New  Spirit  of  the  Age  ■ 

Infatnalioa,  a  Poem,  bj  P.  ButiAMiir 

Influence  of  European  on  AtiatJe  CiTilitation 

Inatinct,  Beasoa,  and  Imagination    , 

Jonrne;  of  a  Day,  *c. 

Law  of  ProjireM  of  the  Kaco  . 

Lay  of  the  Imprisoned  Knigbl 

L^end*  of  the  Sioni,  he. 

Iictler  lo  Farmer  luachat    . 

IieTcrett ;  an  Epitlle  from  a  Lady,  &c. 

LoTe'a  Last  Vigil    .... 

Lore  Tenui  Taile,  a  Tale  of  Art,  by  Mr*.  E.  F.  Eliat 

Mai^inalia,  by  E.  A,  PoE    . 

Marie  Antoinette  and  Hirabean      . 

Mill'a  Logic  .... 

Monthly  Financial  and  Comawrcial  Article* 

—  Literary  Bulletio     . 

Monrnfol  Mother,  the  .  .  . 

NatDrVB  Lyre,  by  J.  Q.  piaciraL  . 

JfewBooki  .... 


212,310,  419,  E 
216,317,424,: 


Google 


New  School  of  FhHoMpbT  .... 

— —  York  Hiitoriea]  Soeietr  .  ,  ,  , 

O'Connell 

One  LbiI  Word  Before  the  Election  . 

One  Nationa!  Bank— Shall  we  Trr  Another  T 
Ontline  Sketch  of  the  Govemment,  tte.,  of  the  P^^  Slate* 
Pertico'*  Columbni  .     ,       .  .  . 

PraTSi,  D,  hj  lin.  Da  Fonts  .... 

Pment  Slate  of  Caba  ..... 

Bandom  Llkeneu  of  Hre.  Eoiulo  .... 
Be-anneiHtk>n  of  Texat,  iti  laBaenca  on  the  SUverr  QmMim 
Rhode- Island,  iu  Rightful  Governor,  fce.    .  .  . 

Select  Party,  a,  by  N.Hawtrobxe.  ,  .      •      . 

She  lhoq;ht  of  Jlim  too  deeply        .... 
SoDDet,  Work  ...... 

.Hope 

,  by  H.  T.  Tuc»*«iAw         .... 

flMiaetirbyH.  T.  Tdckbuun         .... 

6taniaB,br  P.  BurJUiiK      ..... 

Satnmer,  Lore  .       _     .  . 

Tale  oT  Teiai  I,[re  .  . 

Teia'  Question,  by  A.  H.  Eve»ktt 

"  Be-aaaexation  of,  Ac.         .... 

IVne  Theory,  k,c.,  oT  oar  Oovernineat  ,  . 

The  fieipoostmiice,  by  C.  Wiluks  Eini    .  .  . 

The  Piiioaer,  by  B.  S.  S.  Aitinoi  .  . 

The  Genenl  Issue  and  the  Particalar  Ittaee 

The  Heart'*  Bridal,  by  H.  T.  TucKKUUir  . 

Tbe  World,  by  B.  S.  B.  AwDaoa      .... 

Unitarian  Portmiu,  by  W.  A.  Jona 

TanBarea,  Mr 

Welcome  to  01e3aU     .      . 
WellJinown  Socnment  (lightly  Para^muwd,  &e.  . 
Weit,  the  Poor  Man'*  Fanulfie       .... 
Writins*  of  Anbepine,  by  W.  HAWTHOura 


lizcdbyGoOl^Ic 


THE 

UNITED  STATES  MAGAZINE, 

AND 

DEMOCRATIC  EEVIEW. 


MR.  VAN  BUREN. 


It  1b  not  true  that  Mr.  Van  Baren  ia  Ihti  in  any  form  or  eapacitj  he  win  em 
in  Roj  seme  a  "fallen  man."  No —  allow  liimgeir  to  be  again  drawn  Torth, 
thongh  no  longer,  indeed,  a  candidate  from  s  retiremeDl  amply  provided  with 
for  reelection  to  Ihe  highest  office  of  alt  the  elementa  of  domestic  and  social 
political  station  on  the  face  of  the  globe  happiness,  into  any  furtheT  active  par- 
— thongh  he  has,  indeed,  descended  ticipation  in  political  aSaits.  Posterity 
irreToeably,  from  that  brilliaat  and  may  be  said  to  have  now  began  foe 
powerfal  part  which  he  has  so  long  him,  even  while  yet  in  the  prime  of 
sustained  on  the  stage  of  pohlic  a^irs,  powers  abundant  to  earn  for  their  po«- 
into  the  shaded  obscuril;  of  simple  pri-  sessor  another  fame,  no  less  honorabia 
Tate  citizenship,  side  by  side  with  the  than  that  which  a  life  of  patriotic  pub- 
hnmblest  individual  Dolinown  beyond  tic  service  haji  already  made  his.  All 
the  limits  of  his  native  village  ;  ^et  in  truth  may  now  be  spoken  of  him,  alike 
all  the  higher  and  truer  appreciatmn  of  by  friend  and  foe.  To  the  latter,  he  ia 
dignity  of  patilical  poailion,  based  on  no  longer  an  object  of  dread  or  of  patti- 
the  respect  and  encircled  by  the  aSec-  san  animosity.  Little  ie  to  be  gained 
tioDS  of  a  great  party — nay,  a  great  by  vilifying  him — no  party  purpose  to 
nation — there  has  been  no  momeot  in  be  endangered  by  rendering  him  a  fail 
Hr.  Van  Buren's  whole  career  in  which  justice  of  approval.  To  the  former  hn 
he  has  stood,  conscionslj  to  himself  m  no  longer  either  the  actoal  or  tho 
and  confessedly  by  all,  on  a  nobler  ele-  prospective  dispenser  of  the  variona 
nation  than  that  which  he  now  occupies  forms  of  government  patronage ;  they 
and  adorns.  Fortune  and  foes  have  may  condemn  without  fear  of  the  Ion 
conspired  to  do  more  for  him,  than  of  poliiieal  power — they  mav  praise 
friends  foresaw,  or  oonld  have  them-  without  fear  of  the  anspicion,  from  any 
aelvea  effecied.  We  ahould  not  have  qnartei,  of  personal  adulation  or  iatec- 
envjed  him  the  cnmle  chair  of  restored  eeted  motive  For  ourselves,  howevei 
power ;  we  do  envy  him  the  Pantheon  mnch  we  might  have  preferred  to  post- 
niche  to  which  he  has  been  transferred  pone  for  some  fourorfiveyears  the  enjoy- 
by  the  very  act  that  eiclnded  him  tVom  ment  of  this  privilege  of  full  freedom  of 
tbe  former.  speech,  we  are  at  least  glad  to  be 
Mr. Van  Buren's  career  as  a  statesman  released  from  a  restraint,  of  which  we 
fs  now,  therefore,  closed ;  lo  use  his  own  acknowledge  the  pressure  to  have  been 
emphatic  though  melancholy  word,  oot  nnfelt  i  and  while  we  regret  as 
"forever."  Nor  indeed — (strongly  as  deeply  as  any  the  retired  statesman's 
we  would  desire  to  deprecate  the  resolo'  withdrawal  from  tmblie  life,  we  seiie 
tion  he  has  himself  avowed) — is  it  likely  tbe  occasion  whicB  it  affords,  to  Tecord  ^~- 


Google 


«  Mr.Vml 

ft  portTutnra  of  him  which  i>  drawn  from 
opportupiLies  (rfobeerrauoa  not  eojojed 
hy  taaat  of  our  naden. 

We  haie  heard  it  uid  of  Mr.  Van 
Buren  with  etriking  freqoenoy  and  ear- 
neatnoM,  among  thoce  friends  who, 
froiB  oeareM  and  longest  peraoaat  in- 
terconrae,  hoow  him  beal,  that,  aa  a 
man  and  BtateamaD,  bo  is  "tooeood 
and  pure  for  the  limea  ;"  and  while  we 
take  no  such  desponding  *iew  of  "the 
times,"  yet,  as  a  atrat^  testiroonj  and 
tribute  to  the  character  to  which  it  is 
applied,  it  ia  neither  untrue  nor  exagger- 
ated. No  Preaident  has  efer  filled 
that  office — no  statesman  baa  ever  oc- 
onpiedsnjofthe  high  places  of  public 
aervice  and  honor  under  our  ConstitU' 
tion — more  upright  in  intngritj,  more 
true  in  patriotism,  more  sincere  in  phi- 
lanthropic ajmpBthf  with  the  rights 
and  inlerests  of  the  fflasaea,  moie  self- 
derated  in  dutj,  more  ealml;,  eompre- 
heoaivel;  wise  in  judgment.  Without 
tiiat  impulsire  genius,  fitting  and  im- 
pelling [0  a  political  epostolate,  which 
baa  stamped  the  impreas  of  the  mind  of 
Jefferaon  so  deepi;  on  his  country  and 
liis  age,  he  combines  a  steady  consis- 
tency of  character  with  a  practical  sa- 
gacity in  afTairs  both  public  and  private, 
to  a  degree  which  the  warmest  eulo- 
gist does  not  claim  for  that  glorious 
name.  Whether  he  could  or  could  not 
hare  performed  the  part  in  the  rorma- 
tion  of  the  Constitution  on  which  rests 
Madison's  chief  title  to  immortality, 
«an  never  be  tested,  nor  need  be  specu- 
lated upon ;  but  that  he  has  shown  him- 
aelf  a  more  unjielding  disciple  in  a  ae- 
Terer  acboot  of  the  Republican  and 
State- Rights  doctrine,  cannot  be  deaiod 
I^  any  of  ua  who  sigh  over  Madison's 
fiignatuts  to  a  Natjonal  Bank  charter 
which  he  had  himself  but  abrierpsriod 
before  vetoed.  Monroe  we  pass  over 
in  the  catalogue  of  the  great  Republi- 
can Presidents.  He  wasaiespeetable 
gentlemao  of  qualities  rather  negative 
than  poaitive,  who  stood  quietly  by  the 
helm  while  the  vessel  of  the  state  glid- 
ed smoothly  over  an  nnmffled  sea,  de- 
cently and  decorously  performing  a 
T^ular  routine  of  official  duty, — and 
thai  is  all  Itiat  is  to  be  said  about  him. 
It  is  little  worth  while  to  distmb  the 
dust  of  oblivion  that  is  fast  settling 
dawn  over  his  name  and  period.  Old 
Jackson  affords  few  grounds  on  which 
any  bind  of  comparison  is  possible. 
Hen  of  different  types  and  missions, 


ti\  that  is  (o  be  nid  of  them  in  tbfa 
point  of  view,  u  that  neitber  eoold 
have  been  the  other  ;  while  the  oioae 
and  warm  sympaibj  between  tbem— 
the  mutual  confidence,  admiration  and 
affection  which  hare  cbaraoteriaed  theit 
relations  tugeiher  from  a  very  early  pa- 
riod  of  Iheir  aequeinlaiias — make  each 
the  strongest  witaees  possible  to  tba 
goodness  and  greatness  nf  lbs  other. 
"That  wise  man  and  true  patriot,"  was 
a  frequent  mode  in  which  General 
Jackson  used  to  characterise  hif 
yonnger,  calmer,  and  cooler  friend. 
With  Mr.  Van  Buren  it  has  long  been, 
as  it  still  is,  a  favorite  topic,  to  dwtdl, 
with  reverential  love,  on  toe  extraordi- 
nary traits  which  bate  made  the  Iron 
Old  Chief  the  wonderful  man  that  hia- 
tary  has  already  written  him.  We  will 
not  pursue  further  this  train  of  obaer- 
vation.  We  have  alluded  to  these  great 
names  to  mark  the  class  of  men  by  lbs 
side  of  whom  Mr.  Van  Buren  is  to  be 
ranked  and  judged,  and  among  whoa, 
with  variously  balanced  points  of  re- 
speetivediSereoce.heiaemitlediooect^ 

?y  a  place  fully  worthy  of  the  nobln  con- 
raternily  of  graainesa  and  honorable 

N»  quid  mmi* — is  a  motto  which 
would  have  been  appropriaie  to  sum  m 
in  brief  Mr.  Van  Buren's  character  isa 
Ufa — nolhing  too  much.  He  is  a  man 
of  a  most  rare  degree  of  completeneee 
all  round,  and  setf-poised  equilibrium 
which  no  ordinary  circumstances  could 
shake — nor  any  of  the  extraordinary 
ones  of  which  he  has  not  been  without 
experience.  He  is  one  of  those  few 
men  whose  moral  centre  of  gravity  ap- 
pears truly  at  the  centre,  with  afl  ths 
parts  regularly  distributed  abont  it  in 
just  symmetry  and  balance.  Marked 
by  no  qoalitles  running  into  that  morbid 
or  unnatural  excess  which  is  always 
sure  to  be  at  the  expense  of  others  es- 
sential to  completeness,  he  is  yet  ths 
farthest  iu  the  world  removed  from 
negativeness  of  character ;  he  is  on  the 
contrary  emiaently  positive — a  man  of 
decided  force,  movement,  self-propelled 
and  self-guided  energy.  He  never  in- 
deed is  seen  to  act  by  fits  and  atarta ;  hs 
is  rarely  in  a  hur^ — never  out  of  breath. 
Calmly  strong  in  conscious  right— 
able  to  wait,  and  willing  to  bide  his 
time — content  to  acquiesce  in  the  prac- 
tical  realities  of  the  world  as  it  is,  and 
to  make  the  beet  ont  of  the  actual  men 
and  things  in  it  H  be  finds  (hnm—mdy 


iiiz.d- Google 


ISM-l  Mr.  Fm  Am-m.  S 

for  Mir-sacrifice  nbeneveT  necfltsary,  would  klona  suffice  to  disjiroTO  the  im- 

.Uiough    nul   quixotically  courting  it —  putaticm.    Prone,  perhaps,  too  far  to  Uie 

impregnabto  in  reliance   oa  ihe  princi-  opposite  fault,  we  liave  yet  lired  long 

Slea  on  whose  rocky  fnundaliufi  he  hu  enough  in  the  world  to  leAro  how  loueE 
uilded  his  house — &nd  cornbining  with  better  and  higher  ft  stamp  of  ohanctec 
thcBe  qaftliliet  those  eminent  inlellec-  isthat  which,  benealh  aaurfaeeofcain 
taal  powera,  whethPt  for  counsel,  de-  andeautioosself-reBtraint.gtuwsdeepljr 
bale,  or  aotioo,  which  hia  woiat  eoe-  with  that  latent  heal  which,  onaecn  to 
mies  have  admitted  and  admired  CTea  others,  is  eearcely  conscious  of  itself 
in  hating,  Mr.  Van  Bureu,  take  him  till  developed  by  simng  circumstances 
for  all  in  all,  eshibiu  cenainly  one  of  — thanlhat  morequicklyardentiemper- 
the  moat  complete  and  consummate  ament,  whose  superficial  omoiiunB  ex- 
politicians,  in  the  best  sense  of  the  term,  haast  themselves  in  their  own  eSsrves- 
the  working  of  oar  instituttons  has  yet  cencs ;  a  temperament  at  once  common, 
created.  and  commonly  averrated.  How  muoh 
There  is,  indeed,  bat  little  that  i*  the  Dutch  breed  and  the  half  Yankee 
dazzting  or  picturesque  iu  such  men,  breeding  have  had  to  do  in  producing 
— the  wonders  of  the  pyrolechnie  an  this  peculiar  phase  of  character,  which 
make  a  far  more  brilliant  and  beautiful  has  been  so  much  niiauoderstnod  in  Ut. 
iriiow  than  iha  quietly  useful  and  henisa  Van  Buren,  alike  by  foes  and  by  friends, 
flame  of  the  household  hearth.  But  fur  who  have  seen  him  only  from  a  dis- 
leal  public  servioa,  for  reliability  in  the  tanca,  it  might  be  worth  while  to  cob- 
llDur  of  need,  tbey  are  incalculably  owre  aider,  had  we  more  space  and  time  at 
Taluablethanihoaefire-workpuliiiciana,  command.  Shakapere  portrKja  this 
Khoarefor  ever  aajHring  to  thBBkiesaa  character  with  a  marked  homage  of 
Kcketa,  whirling  coaad  and  round  as  respect  and  affection,  when  on  the  lipe 
eatbarine.wheela,  and  twialing  in  and  of  the  impulsive  and  apecolaiive  Prince 
out  as  fiery  serpents,  bewildering  the  of  Benuiatk  he  puia  tlie  exclamation — ■ 
ear,  meanwhile,  with  all  manner  of  un-  g,  „.  , 

expected  explosions  and  reports.  — ._,  ,    „„,  „.™i„.>.".?.^_       j  "t'".!! 

C;    ■      i.         J     -.L         _r  ■        13  Inal  u  not  paEHon'a  uave,  and  I  wiH 

He  IS  charged  with  a  certain  cddness  wear  him                     i    "-  •  "•« 

of  character— with  being  too  cautious,  i„  ^y  heart's  core-aye,  in  my  faewt  of 

too   circumspect, — too  unilormly  under  heart* 

the  control  of  a  cool,  collected  sagacity  Aa  I  do  thee." 
of  judgment, — never  either  warmed  or 

warped  from  the  line  of  calculated  poli-  ^'7-  "e  whole  passage   of  which 

cy,  by  any  of  the  diaturbing  impulses  '"^^  ""  ""e  concluding  words  is  so 

of  heart  or  imagination.     "Hiis  charge  «"l"ng  in  "le  descripiinn  of  the  sub- 

(whioh  is  one  not  unfreqnaotly  brought  jeet  of  our  sketch,  and  in  its  applicaiion 

waiast   those    who   deaerve    it   least,  totnecircnmstaneesoftnal  which  have 

■    ■       habit    of    self-restraint,  P^ved    him   what   he  is,  that  we  are 


springing    from   the   very   warmth   of  templed  to  extend  the  quol 

feeling,   and   shrinking   from    display,        "  Horatio,  thou  art  e'en  ■«  jait  a  man 

or    even    from    indnlgence    of   itself]  As  e'er  my  convenaiion  coped  withaL 

may  not  be  entirely  unfounded,  though  •  ■  ■  ■ 

we  are  assured  that  the  trait  it  indi-  Nay,  do  not  think  I  flatten 

catea   does   mil  proceed   further   than  For  what  advaacemenl*  may  i;  hope  from  ) 

a  point  at  which  it  does  not  yet  cease  thee, 

to  be  a  virtue.     It  is  not  selGshness— it  That  no   revenue   hait,    but   thy   good  i 

IS  not  eoldoesa  of  heart — it  is  nut  in-  spirits, 

•eneibiilty  to  the  more  generuas  amo-  To  feed  and  clothe  thee  I    Why  aho«U 

tions  and  svmpathies.    Mr.  Van  Buren  „    w  .t  "^^  ^J".         ^- ,     .    ^ 

wamaDofatronganddeepfriendships.  No. '«  the  candied  toogoe  hek  abwad 

He  baa  had,  and  has,  attached  to  him  .    .     '^JP^L^  __  ...  t, -  ,. 

whhanenthuai..t>eaireciion,notafew  "^"^  1|^^e        ^^         b«.ge.  of  the 

aen  of  an  order  of  both   ment^  and  Where  thrift  may  foHow  (hwning.    DoM 

moral  excellence  whose  regard  were  ^j^qq  ^^^^  j 

tn  honor  to  the  monarch  of  any  throne  since  my  dear  soni  irat  BiistnM  of  Let 

00  the  earth.     Hia  domestic  life,  into  choice, 

which  it  would  he  foreign  to  the  proper  And  could  of  mea  digtingniA  her  dee- 

scope  of  (bit  Article  to  out  a  glance,  tio^  ^  . 

.)g,t,zcd=yCjOOglC 


She  hmth  wil'd  thee  Tor  henelf :  fbr  tbon 
hul  beea 

As  one,  in  •oficriiig  «U,  that  tnffen  no- 
thing: 

A  man  thai  fonnne'i  bofiett  awl  rewudi 

HMrt  t»'en  with  oqnsl  Ihaakf :  and  hlewecl 
are  tfaoK 

WhoM  blood  and  jadgneat  are  (o  well 
coDiauagled, 

Thai  the;  are  not  a  pipe  foi  fwtoDB'i 

Ta  Bonnd  vhal  stop  she  please.    Give  ne 

that  man 
llkat  ii  not  paitioa'B  >lav«,  and  I  viQ 

wear  him 
In  mr  heart'i  core,  »,j,  in  m;  heart  oT 

Acldothee." 

"Wfl  will  not  pats  from  tliia  point  in 
Mt.  Van  Bnron's  eharacier  without  re- 
feirin^  to  two  instances  that  happen  to 
occur  to  oar  recollection,  in  which 
strong  cireutnatances  have  drawn  forth 
the  expression  of  strong  and  deep  feel- 
ing from  this  supposed  heart  of  ice,  in 
a  maDoer  highly  and  efei)  beauttfallj 
pathetic,  while  etill  reserred  and  regn- 
faled.  The  one  is  in  his  recent  letter 
to  the  Democracj  of  the  City  of  New 
York,  in  reply  to  an  inTitation  to  pre- 
eide  at  a  great  latificatioD  oiaeling  to 
con&ria  the  noroinatiun  of  Ur.  Polk. 
Af^et  an  earnest  commendation  of  the 
ticket,  formed  on  the  sacri&ce  of  him- 
•elf— (a  cornmendation  well  redeeming 
the  pledge  we  ventured  to  give  for  htm 
in  our  tut  Number,  in  the  event  of  the 
seleeUon  of  another  name  by  the  Con- 
Tentioa) — he  utters  bimaelf  personally 
to  the  friends  who  had  so  long  and 
warmly  stood  by  his  side  in  fair  weather 
and  foul,  in  terms  whose  very  simplicity 
shows  the  depth  of  true  feeling  from 
which  they  prooeed : 


<'  Having  now  aaid  all  that  the 
ealli  for,  In  ra(ard  to  the  ^nerml  objects 
ofthe  meeting,  I  moat  be  iodal^  in  afew 
parting  words  to  the  democracy  of  the  city 
and  eounty  of  New  York.  Never  before 
has  a  public  man  been  honored  by  the  sap- 
port  oT  tmer,  Smer,  or  Aore  diainteretted 
biends  than  they  have  been  to  nie.  In 
pBO^erit;  I  have  aearaelT  known  where  to 
find  thein^iB  adversity  the;  have  been 
with  me  always.  Through  evil  a&d  throngh 
nod  report,  I  have  fonnd  the  masset  of  the 
N««  Yorit  Oenocracy  the  aaiae  DD<rt>tm- 
rive,  bnt  noahrioking  friends.  Tlie  hap- 
piMt,  by  At  the  happiestday  in  my  whole 
political  career  was  that  on  which,  on  my 
Mora  Bnitn  WaibiDgloB,  tkey  Bat  meaa 


the  Battery,  in  the  nldst  of  a  slorm  of 
vlhd  and  rain,  which  would  have  kept 
fairweather  frieod*  at  hume,  and  eilend- 
ed  to  me,  a  private  citiien  like  thpmselve^ 
their  bard  hand*,  and  opened  their  boaeat 
haarta  in  a  welcolne  as  cordial  as  maa  ever 
received  thxa  maa.  They  nmt  no  a>snt>- 
aneee  to  talul^  them  thai  I  afaall  be  for  ev- 
er thankful  for  Iheir  untnrpassed  devotka 
to  my  welfare!  they  know  tkatlcsanev. 
er  cease  to  cherish  with  gratefnl  tecUlee* 
ttoai  the  bsnored  relation  of  repre»eua> 
tivc  and  cotutitncnl  which  has  uulcd  be- 
tween as  for  so  long  a  period,  in  such  va- 
ried forou,  aad  which  is  now  for  ever 

There  waa  no  small  nnmber  of  manly 
eyee  dimmed  by  no  dishonorable  moist- 
ure, in  the  vaat  aaaembly  to  which  this 
letter  was  read.  An  iatelligent  friend 
remarked  afterwards  upon  it,  that  if 
Mr.  Van  Boren  had  oftener  in  his  ea- 
reer,  let  ia  the  public  eye  to  a  glimpM 
into  his  Aeorf  such  as  was  shown  bf 
the  fact  of  faia  remembering  the  fwm 
on  the  oeeaaion  of  his  reception  in 
1641,  and  the  manner  of  his  ailnaion 
to  it  onder  the  eireomstances  of  the 
preaent  oeeaaion,  the  ptaventioa  of  lua 
renomination  could  not  have  beea  rf> 
fected  at  Baltimore. 

The  other  instance  referred  to  ia  his 
beautiful  ttilwte  to  the  memory  of  Da 
Witt  Clinton,  on  aDonaneing  his  death 
in  a  meeting  of  the  New  Vork  Sena- 
tors and  Representatives  in  Congreaa, 
Bsaembled  at  Washington.  We  quote 
from  Holland's  Life  of  Van  Bdmb  t 

"  By  the  current  of  evniu  which  we 
have  thna  briefly  related,  Mr.  Van  Bnrca 
and  Ur.  Clinton  were  arrayed  ogaiast 
each  other  as  the  distinguished  and  able 
leaden  of  opposite  political  parties.  A. 
most  violcnl  contett  ensont,  snd  wa*  las- 
tained  for  yean  with  unabated  energy  on 
both  side*.  To  enter  lainately  into  the 
history  of  Ibeee  conflicts  woaM  be  an  db- 
gtateful  tuk,  and  wonld  extend  this  por- 
tion of  tbe  present  history  beyond  its  pro- 
per bounds.  It  will  suffice  to  My,  that 
dariDR  these  eeaflicta,  Ocivemor  Clinloa 
was  twice  driven  into  retirMuent.  and 
two  of  his  diatin^iahed  supporters,  Chief 
Justice  Spencer  and  Judge  Tan  Neai,  both 
compelled  (o  retire  from  the  bench  (>f  the 
Supreme  Court;  snd,  on  the  other  hand, 
Mr.  Van  Biiren  was  twice  removed  fnom 
oSce,  and  was  parsaed,  for  many  years, 
with  (he  moat  unrelenling  party  violence. 
It  is  a  point  of  bright  relief  in  tbi«  dark 
pictnre,  that  amid  all  the  eoUifiont  of 
part;  vkdenee,  tlie  two  gmt  antagoaiata 


ley  Google 


ISU.]                                       Mr.  VMtt  Buren.  7 

ceuincd  tliclr  eonfidenee  in  the  penoail  to  be  eonsciom,  that  (he  deceased  kIm 

Integritr  of  e»ch  other,  and  each  eipress-  felt  and  acknowledtted,  that  our  political 

ed  his  reapect  for  the  prirale  nprif  htness  differences  have  been  wholly  ftee  fhim 

And  boaestf  of  big  riraL    Sach,  at  lea«l,  that  most  venooiotii  and  comxtiiig  of  all 

ara  Mid,  on  the  baat  anlhoritf,  to  bare  poitona,  peraonal  hatred, 

baan  tha  aeatlnenla  of  Qnemor  Oliatoa,  "  '  But,  in  other  reipeetS)  it  it  now  im* 

aliwl  ill  Hill  lilt  iiiiiiiiiiali  iif  hii  liPi  ,  and  material  what  w«j  the  character  oTtliaae 

tlw  tbUowiag  affeetiag  and  eloquent  i«Mi-  colliaiona.    The;  hare  been  tarned  to  no- 

nuBT  of  Ut.  Van  Bnren  to  the  paUie  wF'  thia^,  and  lesa  than  nothing,  by  the  event 

vieal  and  pritate  worth  of  hii  iUnitriont  we  deplore,  and  T  doubt  not  that  we  will, 

compelttor,  is  publicly  on  recoid.    At  a  with  one  voice  and  with  one  heart,  yield 

tneeting  of  the  Senators  and  Repreienla-  to  his  memory  the  weU-deaerred  tribute  of 

tives  in  Congreu,  from  the  Slate  of  New  oar  respect  for  his  aame,  and  onr  warmett 

Tork,  held  at  Washington,  on  the  19th  of  gratitude  for  his  great  and  sigiial  serriees. 

Februaiy,  I82S,  lo  express  their  feelingi  For  myself,  sir,  bo  «troi^c,  so  sincere,  and 

on  the  sadden  demise  of  Goirenior  Clin-  so  en^irossing,  is  that  feeling,  thst  T,  who, 

ton,  Hr.  Van  Buren,  then  a  member  of  whilst  living,  nerer, — no,  never, — eniiad 

the  Senate,  inirodneed  some  appropriate  him  anything,  now  that  he  has  fUlen,  am 

resMntiona  with  the  foDowine  remarks:  greatly  tempted  to  tavj  him  his  graTS 

" '  Mb.  CnntMAK — We  have  met  to  with  its  boDors. 

pay  «  tribnta  of  respect  to  the  memory  td*  "'Of  Ihia,  the  nasi  aDictiag  at  all 

oar  tale  OoTCTOor  and  dittinguiabed  fel-  bcreaTemeati^   that    haa    lallen   on   liia 

low-citizen,  De  Witt  Cliatoa.    Some  of  wretched  and  deaponding  family,   what 

oar  bretbren  have  been  ao  kind  ai  lo  aak  shall  I  say  r    Nothiag.    Their  grief  il 

me  to  pnpareaiuilableexpreasioBof  our  too  sacred  for  description;  jiutiee   eaa 

feelings)  aad  Ihare,  in  panuanccof  their  alone  be  done  it  by  those  deep  ukdsilen^ 

wishes,  drawn  np  what  has  occorred  to  bot  agonizing  feelings,  which,  on  Iheic 

ne  as  proper  to  be  said  on  this  occasion,  account,  pBrrade  every  bosom.*  " 
Before  f  submit  it  to  the  considention  of 

the  meeting,  I  beg  to  be  indnlged  in  a  few  But  enough  on  this  head  ;— we  will 

brief  remarks.    I  can  say  nothing  of  the  pus  from  it  with  the  single  remark, 

deceased  that  is  not  familiar  to  you  all.  that  while  he  himself  has  both  appeared 

To  all  he  was  personally  known,  and  to  and  bean  far  less  moved  from  hia  usual 

many  of  »s,  intimately  and  familiarly,  eqnanimitifthan  moat  of  his  intimftie  or 

5*°^^*^  IT',  "l?"^-.-  ^^^  ^'^^  ";  "^tached  irieods,  by  the  events  of  thq 

™f  ^i^^^'h  «v 'i*?.'"^  *? V"^  l"'"  Convention  Kome  «;enea  of  itw^ 

^  ^.r^r;::TjXJ^T  F-"".^  -^f-tauon  of  feeling  hav. 

Totcd  lo  the  pMseeoUoa  of  plan^  of  gr«M  W^"  ^^aeaa^  among  the  latter,  mor« 

pahlie  ntiUiy,  are  alao  knawa  to  yea  alL  '^'"7  bonoiable  to  the  individual  for 

and  by  all,  I  an  satis&ed,  dnly  app^  whom  ihej  aprang,  than  all  the  pnUic 

eiated.    The  snhject  can  derive  no  addi-  disttnctioDS  or  applausea  which  havd 

tlonal  interest  or  importance  itom  any  crowned  bis  political  career. 

eulogy  of  mine.    All  other  considerations  The  resolution  adopted  bj  the  Con- 

ODt  of  view,  the  single  fact,  thai  the  great-  ventioo,  in  the  vetj  act  of  consummat- 

eat pnblieimprovenienloftheageiawhich  ing  the  sacrifice  which  was  so  richly 

we  live,  wbs  commoneed  under  the  guid-  garlanded  with  praises  glowing  wiUi  aU 

anceofhiacoiini:il»,and  splendidly  accom-  JiiB  flowery  hues  of  soalhern  eloquence, 

t^^,r      %  -       ?"".»?,!''  ■""£:=?*'  ^*i.  ooght  not  to  be  omitted  in  this  place. 

of  iueir,  snfficeni  to  fill  the  ambUien  of  j^o  o„e  who  was  present  on  thatV:ca. 

sirh^Set:  wS"hnf:.'aTd  r  'T^'  "r  srr  '"^  '"^a* 

character,  and  co^du^,  hiSe  b«omi  the  "^   e-j'huataam  by  whicl  everv   indi-    - 

t«opertyoftha  historian:  and  there  is  BO  vidual  was  harned  aw»y,  on  the  first 

reason  to  donbt  that  history  will  do  him  mention  of  his  name  alUr  the  complo- 

josliee.    The  triumph  of  his  taleats  and  *^°^  °^  ''■^  nomination,  when  the  whols 

patriotism  canaol  fail  lo  become  iwma-  bo<lj  Tose,  amidst  the  waving  of  hand- 

ments  of  high  and  endoring  fame.     We  keichie&    and    cheers   whoaa   uproar 

eannol,  indeed,  but  remember  that,   in  aeemed  destined  never  to  aubside  : 
our  poblic  career,  collisions  of  opinian 

and  action, al  once  eilensive, earnest,  and  "StMlvad,7ha.t  this  Convenlion hdd ia 
enduring,  have  arisen  between  the  de-  the  highest  esllmatioo  and  regard,  tbeir 
ceased  and  many  of  ua.  For  myself,  sir,  itlnstriou*  fellow-citizen,  Martin  Van  Ba- 
it gives  me  a  deep-felt,  though  meUn-  ren,  of  New  Tori ;  that  we  cherish  the 
eholy,  satisAeiioii  to  know,  and  more  so,  most  grateftJ  and  abidiag  sense  of  Uia 


vGooglp 


Mr.  Vm  Buren. 


fJnl,, 


mbiUt;,int^rilf,mDi)finiineEE,  with  which    true  charuter  was  illDUrated  b;  Mve- 


he  discharfted  tbe  daiiea  orthe  hii;b  office 
of  f  rciidcDt  or  the  United  Sutcs ; 
ecpecially  uf  the  inflexible  fidelity 
whieb  he  msiDtained  the  true  docti 
ol  llie  Conn ilDl ion,  and  the  iceaaun 
the  Democratic  Party,  during 
ani  nobly  arduous  Adminisu 
in  Ihe  Diemonible  slrqggle  or 
■  manyr  to  the  great  prii 


rat  auch  e  I  peri  men  18,  <ia  the  pulse  t. 
the  popular  heart,  as  that  made  Id  P»- 
ficiana  county  in  Ohio ;  where  Ihe  D*. 

.  mocraUc  eleciore  being  called  opoo  u> 

hiB  Inme  ■'S"'*7   '•'s*'   presidsntiiJ   preferenoM 

ilion  •  tbal  ^  noting  apposite  to  tbeir  names  in  *. 

840  befell  ^°°^  opened  for  ihe  purpose, the esodi- 

"  of  which  ''•'*  of  their  choice  for  ihe  noRiinaliiin, 

istheworthrrepfcseniatirc,  andwe  }V>i"ird*  of  oine^lentkM  were   for  Mr. 

revere  him  as  such  ;  and  that  we  hereby  *aii  Bnren.     His  own  Stale,  with  all 

tender  to  him,  in  htshouorable  reiiremen^  tbe  ioRaence  of  its  greatness  and  power, 

the  assurance  of  the  deeply  sealed  cgnfi.  held  Bcrupolouslj  bach  fmtn  any  roore- 

dence,  atfecliDn,  andretpect,  of  the  Ame-  ment  to  bring  him  again  before  the  De- 

ricaa  Demociac; ."  mocracy  of  the  Union  ;  nor  was  it  tiB 
after  siiteen  other  Sutes  had  craphati- 

Some  of  Mr.  VaiiBuTen'eoppanenls  caily  declared  for  him,  that  New  York 

luLTe  nrged  against  him  tho  charge  of  added  the  expresaion  of  her  glad  ud 

pressing  forward  upon  (he  Democratic  cordial  concurrence.     This  indeed  is  • 

party  for  its  remiiiiinBiion,     On  such  fact  placed  beyond  question  by  the  tm- 

Slges  faia  Missouri  leuer,  which  we  plest  coscessions  of  those  whose  oppo- 
uw  to  bate  expressed  the  eincerest  siUun  effected  the  defeat  of  faia  friends 
■eotimenls  of  his  heart,  disavowing  an^  in  the  ConTention,  that  prior  to  tho 
auch  desire,  and  declaring  his  deiemni-  introdactino  of  the  new  Texas  issa« 
BBtion  not  to  allow  his  name  lo  be  made  into  the  etnyasa,  be  was  the  choice  of 
any  occasion  of  discord  in  his  party,  what  we  may  call  the  nnitersal  Demo- 
Is  wholly  thrown  away.  Yel  never  cracy  of  ibe  wh«le  Union— the  choice, 
was  iinputBtioii  more  unjuat.  Most  of  loo,of  mostofthesprahersin  tbatbodj, 
our  readers— all  indeed  but  a  very  who  declared  themielvea  now  corn- 
few— will  now  receive  the  intelligence  pelted,  with  relueianl  regret,  nnder  the 
for  Uie  first  time,  that  sJier  his  defeat  necessity  created  by  ilie  torrent  of 
ill  iMO,  he  was  only  prevented  by  iha  p<ipular  feeling  in  their  section,  oa  the 
Mtnest  remonstrances  of  his  friends  Texaa  question,  to  advocate  the  selec- 
from  rasking  a  similar  positive  and  final  lion  of  some  oaodidaie  more  in  bannanr 
witbdrawatashebasnuwmade.  Such  with  that  feeling.  We  advert  to  this 
was  indeed  his  decided  desire — though  pwnt  only  for  the  porpoM  of  makins 
as  clear   then   aa  at  any   subsequent  plain,  that  it  was /rem  the  people  tfaM 

Criod  in  the  prophetic  conviclion  that  the  call  for  Mr.  Vao  Buren's  renomina- 

foro  iB44  the  Democratic  party  would  tion  proceeded — proceeded  in  a  manner 

bave  returned  into  itahabitoal  and  nalo-  denying  to   him   any  right  to  refuse  a 

lal  ascendency.     It  was  well  under-  response  of  vfilling  and  grateful  ac- 

■tood,   too,   at   Washington,   ihat    the  ceptance — and  not  upon  the  ppople  that 

letter  signed  by  nearly  all  the  Repubti-  it   was  in  sny  way  or  degree   either 

can  members  of  Congress  inviiing  him  forced  or  pressed.     We  have  it  in  our 

to  a  dinner  before  his  departure  from  pouer  to  declare  that  no  individwl  can 

tfaat  city,  was  meant  as  a  formal  ex-  be  found  witliin  ibe  waters  ibat  encom- 

pression  of  their  sense  that  he  should  pass  our  continent,  to  whom  waa  ad- 

Dot  pursue  that  coorae,— and  it  would  dressed,  in  sny  mode  or  form,  diractlr 

afford  food  for  some  curious  speculation  or  indirectly  proceeding  from  Mr.  Van 

to  recall  niw  the  names  of  some  whose  Buren,  a  single  syllable  or  single  act 

^natures  were  appended  to  that  call  looking  towards  the  end  of  effecting  his 

upon  him  then.     No :  Mr.  Van  Boren's  renomination.     All  in   particular   who 

lenomination,  as  made  by  the  consiitu-  approached   him   during    his    weMera 

ent  popular  bodies  which  sent  their  in-  uiur,   must   testify   of  the    sernpulouB 

Mructed  representatives  to  the  Balti-  steadiness  with  whiob  he  declined  ail 

more  Convention,  was  the  spontaneous  conversalion   on    the    subject;    while 

and  iaatlnctivu  movement  of  the  great  some  of  bis  friends,  whose  slarm  at  the 

massea  of  the  Democracy,  acting  chiefly  sUIe  of  things  known  to  exist  at  Wtsh- 

ander  the  feeling  uf  a  desire  to  light  ingtoD  a  month  or  two  prior   to   the 

the  fight  of  1840  over  again,  ander  the  assembling  of  tbe  Convention,  led  tfaem 

aane  flig  and  the  same  leader.    Its  to  desiietoaseiuhialkvarinthatbodf, 


z.d- Google 


1944.]                                   Avarice  and  Envy,  a  TaU.                                           Q 

eoanta noting  meant  of  influence  nnd  and  of  succession  to  a  place  in  the  no- 

eomtiinatina  against  those  which  ihey  bla  line  of  his  Eto^niblicsn  predeoesaora 

beiieied  tu  be  sciiTe  oa  the  other  side  in    that    affice — will    undoubiadly    be 

-^0  at  to  secure  the  coatummatiaa  cf  elected  bj  ■  sweeping  majurity  of  botli 

the  purpose  for  which  they  considered  the   popular   and   electoral    vote  ;  and 

it*  members  sent  tbere  bv  the  penple —  that  elcctiun  will  be  almost  at  complet« 
Tvoeiied  from  Mr.  Van  Burea  himself    a  rererssl   of  the  inaane  fully   of  the 

an  emphalie  prohibition   againit   any-  eleetiim  of  1840,  to  ihe  credit  of  Mr. 

tMag  of  (As  kind;  anything  calculated  Van  Bursa's  historical  fame,  st  woald 

to  iateifere  in  Ihe  slightest  degree  with  have   been  a  formal  reflection  in  bla 

the   perfect  freedom  of  action  of  any  own  person. 

namber  of  tbe   body.      It   cannot   be  But  enocgh.     It  is  time  now  to  tara 

necessary  for  ns  to  more  than  allude  to  over  the  leaf,  io  Ihe  hook  of  eTenis,  on 

the  letter  in  which,  in  sdrance  of  its  which  we  eiiafess  thai  we  hare  found  % 

assembling,  he  requested   his  most  in-  graiefu)  bat  melaneholy  satisfaction  is 

timate   friend   there   to   vithdtaw  his  Uius  far  a  brief  while  lingering.     It  ia 

name,  the  moment  he  should  become  time  to  ny  "Qood  Night  to  Marmion!" 

•atitfied  that  it  wat  desirable  to  do  so  We  take  lean  vf  Mr.  Van  Buren  from 

liir  ^e  Rake  of  the  harmony,  union  and  the  stage  of  political  affairs,  with  emo- 

■ciooesa  of  tbe  Democratic  party  and  liunt  which  shrink  from  public  utier- 

caoae.  ance.     Others  may  hasten  to  the  mnun- 

So   far,   therefore,   at   regaids  that  Iain-tops  to  wait  in  eager   impatience 

which  ia  the  true  honor  of  a  renomina-  for  the  firat  ray  of  ihemorninii's  dawn ; 

tion,  to  a  oandidste  fallen   in  buoorable  we  are  reluctant  to  withdraw  our  gsae, 

martyrdum    under    the    oircuin stances  of  rerereotial  homage  and  admiration, 

which    characterized    the    election  of  f>-am  the   glories   streaming   orer  the 

ISIO— we  mean  iia  expression  of  the  departure  of  the  sinking,  the  soaken 

feeling  of  the  popular  heart  and  the  Just  sun  of  ths  day  now  for  eter  past.     Wa 

Jodgmeni  of  the  popular  mind — -the  lau-  do  not  mean  to  be  understood  as  apeak- 

rel  of  that  honor  at  this  moment  adorns  ing  merely   individually, — we  are  bat 

Mr.  Van  Buren's  brow  as  undeniably  interpreting thee^mpathiescf millions; 

U  if  that  renuminttioa  had  been  car-  and  well  do  we  feet  aasored  [bat  ther« 

lied  into  formal  and  practical  eSect  by  are    few   of  our  readers,  even  among 

the  Ciin*ention,  as  it  had  been  already  lh<iee  least  friendly  tu  Mr.  Van  Buren, 

virtnally  made  hy  the  people,  in  a  ma-  who   wilt   not   yield,  to   this    farewetl 

Jority  which  would  almost  justify  us  io  tribute  tu  a  great  and  good  statesmao, 

calling   it   unanimity.     Ths   excellent  now  become  historioal,  a  genervna  ap- 
eandidale  taken  up  in  bis  plwc — a  can-  ,  proTsl  and  response, 
(lidate  well  worthy  of  Urtt  selection, 


AVARICE  AND  ENVY. 
A  TsLi,  rnoK  rat  raiNOB  or  tictor  mmo. 

Entt  and  Avarice  one  aummer  day, 

Sanntaring  altroad 

In  queal  of  the  abode 
Of  aoma  poor  wretch  or  fool  who  lired  that  wa;^ 
You — or  myself  perhaps — I  cannot  saj| — 
Along  the  Tuad,  scarce  heedinit  whei«  it  tended, 
Tbeif  way  in  sullen,  sulky  silence  wended ; 
Fur  thoutfh  twin  suters,  these  two  chsrming  oreMaiMi 
Rivals  ia  hideousneiia  of  form  and  features, 


Digitized  by  CtOOQ  I  ! 


Avarice  md  Etwy,  a  Tal4. 

Wule  aa  gnat  lore  between  them.    A>  they  went, 

Pale  Avarice, 
Wilh  gjciatiug  eyes, 
And  back  and  sboulders  almost  double  bent, 
Was  buggipg  cloM  that  Tafal  box 
For  wtiich  Ihe'a  eier  on  the  watch 
Some  glance  to  catch 
SnspiciouBlj  diiecled  to  ila  locks  ; 
And  Envy  too,  no  doubt,  uUh  sidelong  vrinking 

Of  her  green  greedy  orba,  no  single  minute 
Withdrawn  rrom  it,  was  bard  a-ihiokiDg 
Of  all  the  shining  dollars  in  it. 

The  only  words  that  Avarice  could  otter, 

Her  constant  doom,  in  a  low,  frightened  mntter, 

"  There's  nut  enough,  enough  yet  in  my  store !" 
While  Envy,  as  ibe  scanned  the  glitieiing  light. 
Groaned  as  she  gnashed  her  very  teeth  wiih  spite, 

"She's  more  than  me — more,  still  for  ever  moiel" 
Thae  each  in  her  own  fashion,  as  they  wandered, 
Upon  the  coffei'a  precious  coulenla  pondered. 

When  suddenly,  to  ibeir  suTprise, 
The  god  Desire  stood  before  Ibeir  eyes — 
Dasiie,  that  couiteous  deity  who  grants 

All  wishes,  prayers  aod  wania ; 
Said  be  to  the  two  sieiers :  "  Beauteous  ladiea. 
As  I'm  a  gentleman,  my  task  and  trade  ia 

To  be  the  slave  of  your  behest ; 
Choose  therefore  at  your  own  sweet  will  and  pleaaare. 

Honors  or  treasure, 
Or  in  one  word  whatever  you'd  like  best. 
But  let  us  nndeidtand  each  other — she 
Wbo  speaks  the  hrst  her  prayer  shall  eertaiiiily 

Receive — the  other,  ibe  same  booo  redmibUd," 
Imagine  how  oui  amiable  pair, 
At  this  proposal,  all  so  frank  ajid  fair. 

Were  muiually  troubled  ! 
Misers  and  enviers,  of  our  human  race. 
Say,  what  would  you  have  done  in  such  a^aaet 

Kach  of  the  sislers  murmured  sad  and  low ; 
"  What  boots  it,  oh  Desire,  to  me  to  have 
Crowns,  treasures,  all  the  goods  that  heart  can  crave. 

Or  power  divine  bestow,     ' 
Since  still  another  must  have  always  more !" 

So  each,  lest  ahe  should  sp6ak  before 

The  other,  hesitating  slow  and  long. 
Till  the  god  lost  all  patience,  hlld  her  tongne. 
J^  frolicsome  and  merry  little  god, 

He  was  enraged,  in  such  a  way 

To  be  kept  waiting  there  all  day, 
VTith  two  such  beaatiee  in  the  public  road ; 

Scarce  able  to  be  even  civil. 

He  wished  them  heartily  both  at  the  d — -L 
i^vy  Bt  last  tbe  silence  broke, 

A»4  smikn^  vrith  malignant  aoeer 

Upon  her  sister  dear. 
Who  stood  in  eager  expectation  by. 

Ever  implacable  and  cniel,  apoke  : 
"ImUbt  Utttitd  0/  DM  ey*  /" 


lizcdbyGoOl^Ic 


1844.]  TAe  R»-Anntxation  of  Texat. 


THE    EE-ANNEXATION    OF    TEXAS: 


On  or  the  «rgunienta  in  frnvor  of  to-  Ytnkee  fanner  with  bii  son*  will  IIt* 

■nnexiD^  Texas,  which  w&s  well  repra-  and   grow  rich  upon  the   corner  of  » 

Mnted   by   Mr.   Walker  in  hii   letter,  farm,  from  which   s   Virginia   planter 

seema  to  have  been  oierionked  in  the  with  hie  alaTea  has  just  ^en  driven  a 

tDora  recant  discDSsions  of  the  question,  banhmpt.     The    Ysnkro  works  him' 

B*en  Mr.  Calhona  aeenu  to  suppose  self,  his  son  works  at  hia  aide,  hie  wift 

that  the   pecuhar  institntions    of  the  and  d&o^tera  aro  at  work  In  the  dair^ 

South,  as  it  is  the  fashion  to  call  slave-  or  the  kitchen.     The  jail  sare,  for  it  ia 

ry,  are  to  be  rendered  more  durable  by  their  own.     They  study  to  moreaae  thv 

the  annentioD  ;  and  the  Abolitiunists,  prodaets  of  tho  farm  and  (o  iniproTS 

as  well  as  some  of  the  more  rational  the  farm  itself,  fur  it  is  their  wealth  <ft 

opponents  of  those  inBtitulions,  object  to  be  their  inheritance, 
to  the  anneialion  on  the  same  ground.         Gu  down  into  old  Fairfax  in  Vir^nts, 

Boih  are  wrong,  absolutely  wrung,  and  just  beyood  the  Potomac,  the  neighbor- 

a  little  attention  to  facts  will  prove  the  hood  of  General  Washington,  formerly 

error.     So  far  from  perpctusiing  slave-  the  garden  of  the   South.     Ten  years 

ry  in  the  United  States,  the  annevtiion  ago  it  was  almost  a  wilderness  :  like 

<rf  Texas,  or  of  the  slave-hulding  par-  Actava  devoured  by  hie  own  dogs,  the 

tion  of  it  at  least,  gives  the  only  well-  pUsters  had   been   eaten  up  by  their 

gronnded  hope,  acoording  to  all  present  slaves.     First,  came  mortgages  on  th« 

appearances,  for  its  ultimate  extinction,  proud  old  homestead  i  then  mortgages 

Ijtis  may  appear  to  be  a  paradox ;  but  on  the  slaves  to  raise  money  to  feed 

it  is  sober  truth,  and  fully  susoeplible  them  i  at  last  the  Sheriff :  andtheold- 

of  demonstration.    Let  ue  reason  coolly  liithioned  Virginia  gentleman  whonaed 

and  candidly  aboat  this  matter,  wtthout  to  import  hie  pipe  of  wine  a  year  and 

regard    to     the    opposite    f^aticisms  drive  his  blood  horse*  to  the  Spring*, 

which  rags  on  both  sides  oi'il-  has  become  a  ju lap  drinker  at  the  stags 

Every  one  who  has  cither  read  or  bouse,  or  has  struck  out  into  the  worid 

thought  on  the  subject  is  aware  that  the  lo  seek  his  fortnne.     But  the  land  wat 

Talae  of  a  slave's  fcbor  is  never  equal  too  good  to  be  lost.    The  Yankee  has 

to  that  of  a  freeiiisn,  and  that  the  ex-  bought  it.     He  has  pat  np  the  fences, 

Cse  of  his  Mpport  ie  greater.     He  and  driven  his  plough  to  the  deeper 

less  indi>.;ement  to  work  hard,  for  he  soil,  and  tnrned  in  the  clover ;  and  old 

gains  nothing  b j  it ;  he  has  no  induce-  Fairfax  is  beginning  to   smile  like  a 

ment  ti-  be  thnlly,  for  it  aaves  him  colony  of  New  Eng&nd. 
nothing-     He   gets   hia   food   and   bis         We  have  moved  one  step  forward  ia 

clothing,  whatever  may  be  the  crop  or  our  argument  j  for  we  are  agreed  now 

the  expenses  of  makieg  it ;  and  in  any  that  a  freeman  oan  sapport  himself  bf 

event   he   gets   nothing  else.      He  is  agricultural  labor  where  a  slave  eaU' 

therefore  an  unthrifl,  as  all  are  who  live  not.     But  there  is  another  thing  to  b« 

from  hand  to  month  1  aad  he  only  dif-  considered,  and  that  is  skill.     Now  and 

fera  from  other  nnthrifls  in  this,  that  then,  yon  will  find  in  the  South  a  smart 

he  has  no  inducements  to  reform.     He  negro,  who  has  iaaraed  a  tnde.     Now 

is  nnskitfol,  too ;  lie  learns  nothing  i  he  ana  then,  not  often, — for  trades  are  not 

has  no  occasion  to  think.     Whether  he  to  be  learned  withont  attention,  and 

plough  deep  or  shallow,  it  is  all  one  to  few  will  give  much  attention  to  that 

him.     Besides,  where  slaves  are,  white  which  is  not  to  repay  them  for  their 

men  will  not  work.     Labor  ia  degraded  trenhle.     A  skilful  slave  is  worth  more 

there,  and  the   white  freeman  is  glad  to  his  master;  but  he  is  worth  no  more 

to  Bxense  his  natnral  laainess  by  refus-  to  himself     Ifhe  even  makes  himself  a 

iag  to  wear  what  he  calls  the  badge  master  workman,  he  gets  no  wages; 

of  servitude.  and  if  he  is  the  veriest  botch,  he  sttU 

The  conBoqnense  «f  (his  ia,  tiat  a  geti  his  two  wiits  of  elotlies,  hia  wm- 


i=yGoogh 


Tie  IU-Annexati«n  of  Ttxai .-  i 


t  Injhimce 


[July, 


.meal,  mnd  his  baeoo.  Tha  slaTe  me- 
cbanius  ire  the.efure  few  and  aot  ei' 
pert.  The  great  niaM  of  ihe  alavea  in 
All  counlciea  has  alwajs  been,  fuid  at- 
waya  oinat  be,  empkiyed  in  mere  labor, 
the  cummunesl  Jabur  uf  the  pliutalion. 
Takeo  *«  a  budj,  Ihey  caunut  aupport 
themselTeB  b;  an;  mhei  agiioultuial 
occupation  a. 

Nuw,  sgiicultural  emplofments  le- 
quire  more  ground  ihan  anv  otiier.  A 
■huemaket  can  make  his  filing  un  six 
feet  aquaie,  a  place  just  big  enougb  foi 
bis  bed  and  liia  bench.  A  ibouaand 
men  cap  noik  in  a  aingle  maDutactor;. 
People  who  live  by  (beir  nits,  ihaok 
BeaTeu,  are  not  expected  to  be  great 
laoilboldeiB. 

Freemen  then  can  be  slowed  cIosct 
miidinakealiiiag,lhanriavescan.  The 
tradera,  maonraciurera,  mechanics,  pro- 
fessional men,  ma;  be  crowded  jow 
towns,  BO  that  a  hundred  ihousand 
■hall  live  comfonabi;  on  a  square  mile 
«f  land.  The  alaie  roust  be  a  fatmer, 
or  rather  a  farmer's  laborer,  and  a  tax;, 
vnskiirul  and  ivasieful  laburer  lo  boot, 
i*ha  iBilies  small  crops,  and  requiiea 
therefore  much  land  lo  taise  enough  lo 
clothe  and  I'eed  him. 

Remembering  Ihia,  as  a  second  f«ct 
■buut  which  we  are  not  to  have  an; 
further  arijuraent,  let  as  go  on  to 
another  lopin. 

Id  new  countries,  where  land  la 
"Cheap,  agriculture  is  careless.  That  \t 
to  aa;,  ibe  larmer  picks  out  the  beet 
toil  and  negiecta  the  worse,  and  worka 
over  the  best  somewbai  rough!;. 
When  an  acre  of  new  land  can  be 
bought  for  a  dollar  and  a  quarler,  peo- 
ple are  nut  apt  tu  pay  much  fur  manur- 
ing an  old  one.  In  a  new  conniry, 
therefore,  population  is  apt  lu  be  acat- 
leied,  on);  the  best  aoila  cultivated,  and 
those  cropped  hard,  au  as  tu  make  the 
most  out  of  them  for  the  time.  When 
die;  are  eshausied,  Ibe  aetiler  moTcs 
on  to  aaolber  tract. 

But  SB  the  country  grows  older,  land 
becinnea  more  ooally.  People  leain 
the  art  of  liiiog  on  smaller  farms. 
The  farmer  tries  to  improve  what  be 
baa  got,  and  to  m^e  it  yield  all  that 
the  beat  culture  caji  bring  out.  Fopn- 
luion  thickens,  and  at  last  the  country 
beeomea  su  full,  and  land  so  dear,  that 
h  ta  difficult  to  obiain  a  living  b;  mere 
Uior.  Then  it  is  ihai  emigration  be- 
gins, and  the  auiplua  population,  inca- 
laUe  of  fikding  a  auppott  at  home. 


moves  away  to  regions  where  land  is 
cheaper. 

Nuw,  if  ever  sueh  a  time  shall  come 
to  the  slave  States,  it  is  very  ceriain 
that  the  slarea,  inalead  of  being  valua- 
ble property  to  their  maeiers,  will  be- 
come an  incumbrance.  Whenever  a 
man  eala  more  than  he  earitB,  he  must 
be  dependent  fur  support  on  the  earn- 
ings of  ulhers ;  and  in  the  case  of  the 
alave,  the  dependence  mual  be  on  ih* 
master,  for  nu  one  else  is  bound  to  sup- 
port him.  Let  this  state  of  ihingn 
come  about,  and  there  will  be  no  oh> 
Jectinns  to  abolition,  at  least  on  the  put 
of  the  masters. 

And  this  state  of  ihinga  must  and 
will  cume,  as  aorely  as  men  continue  to 
oat  and  drink.  The  only  question  is — 
Wheo^  When  will  the  land  of  the 
slave  States  be  so  fully  covered  with 


populatior 


e  can  answer  this  ques- 


There  arc  parts  of  Europe  which  we 
know  to  be  fully  slocked  with  puputa- 
tion,  where  mcro  labor  scarcely  earns 
a  living,  but  lelies  in  part  on  Ihe  poiir- 
raies,  and  where  government  is  n'llling 
to  pay  and  doea  pay  passage  money  (or 
eniig^anta  to  America,  in  order  to  re- 
lieve li,elf  of  tlie  burden  of  supporting 
them  at  Wme.  In  the  more  fertile  part 
of  the  caiitWnl  of  Europe,  the  piiputa* 
lion  at  preaenvtime  averages  110  per- 
sona for  every  k<^uare  mile,  or  one  for 
ever;  six  acres ;  la  the  northern  re- 
gions it  is  muoh  less.  Not  that  every 
square  mile  can  do  thik.  One  may  be 
a  swamp,  another  a  coal  ihld,  hundreds 
of  oiherB  covered  wiib  the  waters  of 
rivers,  lakes  and  inland  seas  ,  but  on 
the  whole,  taking  ilie  good  wit^  the 
bad,  the  productive  wiih  the  impractica- 
ble, the  city  pavement  and  ihc  turn- 
pike road,  and  the  wuodland  with  the 
arable  farm,  in  the  long  avenge,  tix 
acres  of  laud  in  the  weal  of  Europe, 
are  barely  sufficient  lo  raise  food  for  a 
human  bemg.  Beyond  this,  with  the 
slricleat  economy,  and  highest  skill, 
and  most  unlhncbiog  industry,  Euro- 
pean lands  have  nut  guoe.  Indeed, 
lung  before  Ihe  papnialiuo  reachea  this 
point,  vulualary  emigration  begins  with 
those  who  have  the  means ;  and  when 
the  point  is  fully  reached,  the  guardians 
of  Ibe  poor  are  busy  freighting  ships  to 
carry  off  their  paupers. 

But  all  these  Europeans  do  not  live 
by  agticoltuie.    One  half  at  Inst,  so 


I  =y  Google 


1644.]  m  the  Diavtitn  of  Slaeity.  IS 

the  book*  Btty,  lira  in  tha  citiM  ind  r  period  or  ten  yearai  Mmetimea  aialb 

towns,  in  London  irith  its  millians,  in  ing  In  >bai)t  Hi,  when  c&uwa  faappeo* 

Paris,  ViettDB,  Me-,  trtisre  tradesmen  ed  to  enconrags  rrai^r&tiun  mors  th«i 

c&n   flouriBli   withoat  occnpyini^  their  naual.     The   average  hu  been  aboM 

shares  of  the  land.     Not  so  our  Amer-  3D  per  cent. — ihst  is  to  say,  at  the  sb4 

ican  slaTos;  they,  as  we  hare  seen,  oreveir  ten  years  130  inhiibitaatahaTa 

must  lire  in  the  country,  and  use  np  been   found    where    100   used   to    bo. 

their  full  proportinn  of  the  soil.     And  Thus  in  1790  the  alave  population  wm 

hence  as  we  know,  there  are  no  large  about  two  millicms  :  in  1600  about  twa 

towns  it)  the  slave  States,  except  such  millions  six  hoadred  thonaand:  in  lAlO 

aa  are   anppnrted   by  eommerce   with  something  le«s  than  three  minions  and 

abroad.     More  thm  fifteen  sixteenths  a   half:   m  1890   four  millinns  and  ft 

«r  all  the  inhabitants  of  those  Slates,  as  half;  in   1830  lire  milliona  ani  threa 

shown  by  the  last  census,  live  on  farina,  quarter*:  and  in    1840,  a  little   orer 

Remember  now  that  the  slave,  what-  seven    milliona   and   a  third.     If   tbs 

ever  his  eraplnytaent,  produces  less  and  population  shall  contiaue  to  increase  a 

wastes  more  than  the  freeman,  and  add  the   Soaihern    States,  aa  it   haa  dons 

to  it  the  fact  that  frnm  the  nature  of  his  thus  far,  it  will  have  reached  twenty- 

only  occupation,  he  requires  mure  Uad,  five    millions   by  the   year    1887,  and 

and  it  will  be  easy  to  see  that  if  six  about  the  ;ear  19'jft  will  not  be  lesa 

acres,  on  the  average,  are  required  to  than  seventy  millions.    So  far  is  plain 

Bopport  a  freeman,  who  works  fur  him-  enough.     There  ia  no  miatake  in  tha 

self,  a  good  deal  more  will  be  necessa-  calculation,  nor  in  the  facts  on  which  it 

ly  to  make  food  for  a  human  being  un-  rests.     Examine  them  as  we  may,  the 

der  the  ignorant,  lazy,  and   thrittlesa  result  is  as  we  have  juat  stated  it : — in 

ooltare  of  j  slave.  18t47,   twenty-Sve    millions — in    1996, 

It  has  been  said,  and  with  apparent  seventy  millions.     Now  mark  the  nen 

truth,  that  from  thirty-lire  to  forty  In  elosioD. 

the  square   mile,  is  about  as  large  a        The  entire  area  of  the  present  Slava 

population  as  slave  labor  can  support.  Stales  and  Slive  Territories,  counting 

Tha  eilieint   of  England  began  to  he  in  Delaware,  the  District  of  Columbia, 

freed  when  the  population  attained  thia  and  the  Floridas,  is  a  little  leas  tlian 

rate,  mnny  hundred  years  a^.     Dela-  830,000  square  miles.     A  population 

ware,  where   slavery   is  nearly   worn  of  Iweoty-Gve  millions  on   this   area, 

out,  the  entire  number  of  its  slaves  be-  auch  as  will  be  on  it  in  1887,  gives  4(> 

ing  but  9,600,  has  an  average  of  little  persons  to  the  square  mile  ;  a  popala- 

over  thirty-five ; — and   those   parts  of  lion  of  70  milliona,  suob  aa  it  will  hava 

Maryland   and   Virginia,    which    have  in  L036,  an  average  to  the  square  mila 

approached   this    average,   Snd    slave  of  110. 

labor  unproductive,  and  scarcely  more         It  is  a  startling  &ct,  but  we  cannot 

than  adequate  to  its  own  support.  escape  from  it.     In  1887,  43  ^eara 

Here,  then,   we   have  the   two   ex-  from  the  time  at  which  we  are  wntinf, 

bemes.     Slavery  hegias  to  be  a  bad  the  average  value  of  a  slave's  labor 

business  for  the  master  when  the  ooon-  throughout  the  South  will    be    little 

try  becomes  so  thickly  settled  that  tKi  more  than  adequate  to  his  support ;  in 
the   average  40  people  are  living  oo     1936,  less  than  ^  years,  it  will  be  im- 

a  square  mile  of  land  ;  and  when  the  possible  for  slavery  to  aubsist  except 

Average    reaches     110,   mere    iabofy  as  a  banhen   on    the    master.     The 

whether  bond  or  free,  is  unable  to  sap-  politician  who  fancifully  imagines  that 

fort  itself,  but  is  forced  to  rely  in  a  freeman  is  more  apt  to  he  fond  of 

whole  or  in  part  on  the  skill  and  liberty  if  cradled  in  a  land  of  slaves, 
charity  of  others.  may  mourn  over  so  early  a  dnwo&ll  of 

When  will  these  numbers  be  reached  his  cherished  iastitution ;  and  the  abo- 

in  onr  Southern  States  > — It  is  a  mere  litionist  may  perhaps  donbt,  whether  it 
question  of  arithmetic,  and  an  easy  is  worth  while  to  work  so  hard  as  he  ia 
one.    We  know  what  the  population  of    doings,  in  the  vain  imagination  of  hsa- 

the  Slave  States  was  in  1790,  1800,  ten  ing  what  moat  neceasarily  eume  so 
1810,  Xfaa,  1830  and  1840,  and  can  soon.  But  there  is  the  fact  for  thein 
easily  calculate  the  rate  of  its  increase,  to  ponder  ou :  those  are  now  living 
This  rate  bos  varied  somewhat:  some-  who  will  aee  the  last  of  negm  alBTtrr 
timee  rising  as  high  as  33  pei  cent,  for    ia  the  United  Stales. 


,  Google 


11 


Tli4  Rt-Annexalion  of  Tetai  ■■  in  ilr  Injbtnu 


P-lj, 


Bnt,  wben  thu  time  shall  hive  come, 
wW  ii  to  be  the  lot  of  Ihe  negroeal 
In  1881,  vheD  tbeir  valae  has  become 
qnesiionabte,  ihej  will  nnmbeT  eipht 
tuA  a  hitf  milliona  :  by  the  jear  1S26, 
the  period  before  whicb  the  emauelpa^ 
tion  most  take  place,  tbe;  will  equal 
ttrentT  four  milliona  of  aocls.  What 
is  to  K  ^one  in  tbe  next  fortj-tbree 

EU8  witb  these  eight  nilliona  and  a 
If  of  Drproductive  laborers:  "hsi  in 
the  next  eighLjr-two,  with  these  tnentj- 
four  miltioDS  of  panpers  1 

Here  ariibmetic  fbils.  Shall  ihey 
be  etnaucipated  on  tbe  soil  that  bied 
themf  Tnej  nil!  cover  it  with  pau- 
peiiatn,  with  rapiue  and  desolation. 
Their  maslera,  ioipoTCriahed  bj  the 
depreciation  and  ultimate  destruction 
of  their  property,  wiib  plantations  en- 
cumbered and  incapable  of  prolitable 
enttnie, — bow  are  the;  to  support  in 
the  puor  bouse  or  hj  parochial  relief 
thoae  wbo  before  constituted  their 
wealth  ? 

Shall  ihej  be  retained  in  bondage? 
Tbe  slaves  of  bankrupt  masters,  value- 
less themselves  I  It  is  out;  lo  levy  in  a 
different  form  an  insupportable  tax  for 
{Auperism  on  those  who  themselves  are 
paupera. 

Shall  thejr  be  invited  to  migrate  to 
the  North  and  Westl  Ohio  has  al- 
ready closed  her  door  against  them  by 
laws  making  it  penal  to  introduce  a  free 
negro  without  indeoinifying  the  Stats 
against  the  risk  of  his  becoming  a  pau- 

Ki.  Pennsylvania  bas  amended  her 
)netitution  so  as  to  preclude  the  pos- 
■ibilily  of  any  but  a  white  mnn  becom- 
ing a  citizen.  In  the  Eastern  and 
more  Northern  States,  and  in  Canada, 
where  this  philanthropy  is  most  rife, 
the  negro  cannot  live  ;  the  climate  de- 
stroys nira.  In  MasBai;hDsetts,  though 
the  negro  and  the  while  man  are  equal- 
ly freemen  and  citizens  there,  of  three- 
quarters  of  a  million  of  inhabitants  but 
tight  thousand  are  negroes. 

what,  then,  is  to  be  tlie  fate  of  tbe 
negro  of  our  Soothem  States  1  Re- 
main as  be  is,  he  cannot.  His  condi- 
tion must  change — but  what  is  Ihe 
change  to  bel  ^hero  is  he  to  go— 
what  to  be  his  condition  1  Three- fourtha 
of  a  century,  and  the  question  will  have 
been  decided,  for  good  or  for  evil.  Nor 
can  we  blind  ourselves  to  ita  conae- 
qoencea,  either  to  our  Southern  breth- 
ten  oi  to  tbe  tlnion, — to  the  white  man 
n  to  the  Mgio. 


Bnt  is  there  no  escape  from  the  evSa 
that  impeiid  upon  the  emancipation 
of  the  Suuihem  slaves  T  Is  this  great 
moral  good  to  be  Durcbased  only  by 
boiTOrs  at  which  humanity  slckensl. 
Let  him  that  believes  in  the  watchful- 
ness of  Providence,  or  its  wisdom,  or 
its  power,  tremble  in  view  of  the  ca- 
lamities that  are  before  na ;  a  commu- 
nity ruined  and  hopeless, — a  servilv 
war,  with  its  bloody  hfanhslones  and 
desecrated  altars, — a  desolated  empire. 
But  to  those  who  have  faithfully  mark- 
ed the  dispensalious  of  The  Most  High, 
no  crisis,  preaeot  or  prospective,  caa 
bring  despair. 

The  Republic  of  Texas,  that  now 
sues  for  admission  into  tbe  American 
Union,  skirts  on  the  one  side  the  south- 
ern line  of  the  United  Slates,  and  oit 


this  last  named  country  is  the  most 
favorable  of  the  whole  globe  for  die 
development  of  the  negro  race ;  mors 
nnifonnty  mild  than  the  North  or  West, 
more  salubrious  than  Africa,  and  with 
a  Boil  spontaneously  productive.  There, 
and  in  Central  America,  and  in  the  vast 
regions  still  further  south,  the  negro  is 
already  a  free  man  .^socially  as  well  as 
politically,  the  equal  of  the  while. 
Nine-tenths  of  the  population  there  is 
made  up  of  the  colored  races  : — the 
GeneraU,  the  Congress-men,  the  Presi- 
dents, are  men  of  mixed  blood. 

Let  tbe  emancipated  negro  find  him- 
self on  the  borders  of  Mexico  and  the 
Slates  beyond,  and  his  fate  is  no  longer 
doubtful  or  gloomy.  He  is  near  tbs 
land  of  his  fellows,  where  equal  rights 
and  equal  hopes  await  him  and  his  off- 
spring. 

Nor  does  it  require  the  myaterions 
foresight  of  a  prophet,  to  mark  out  iho 
very  steps  by  which  he  is  to  arrive 
there.  The  negro  is  less  valuable  as 
a  laborer  in  the  North  than  in  the 
South :  he  exults  in  the  sunshine  of 
the  tropics,  and  shrinks  before  the 
bracing  winters  of  a  more  temperate 
latitude.  The  slave,  too,  is  less  vala- 
able  as  he  approaches  the  conGnea  of  a 
free  State.  Exaggerating  the  happi- 
ness of  that  indolence  which  he  regards 
as  the  characteristic  of  liberty,  and 
aware  of  the  possibility  of  escape  into 
a  country  where  slavery  does  not  etlst, 
he  becomes  discontented,  reluctant,  in- 
Bubordinate.  Besides  he  Is  there  in 
almost  immediate  competition  wttk  tlie 


1844. 1                               m  the  Duration  of  Slavery.  H 

Am  libotei :  ther  fasve  the  ncne  em-  of  population,  in  tliis  u  in  all  ottrii 

'tloymeDls,  sad  the  ptoductB  of  their  countries   where  it  hu  exiated— is  « 

labor  are  of  tlie  same  sort,  while  tbo  problem   vhich  we   do   not   heie  fed 

slkTe  is  the  mtao  wutefol  and  lew  cilted   npoa    to    discuss.    Thst    any 

piodnetiTe  Uborsr  of  the  two.  oompuleorf  power  fna  without  can 

A»  &    nUuntl    consequence,  negro  erer  EtccompliBb  thst  end,  laoh  u  tho 

timretf   rMsdM   williagl;    from    the  "  Aboliiioniats"  of  the  day  ue  striving 

man  iwrthecn  clinstA,  espsciall;  if  it  to  appi;,  it  appears  the  absnidest  folljr 

Mcuwe  by  m>  doing  from  the  perilous  to    suppose.     It  tua   hitherto  bad   iw 

livalry  of  fre«  labor.     You  faave  only  other  effect  than    to    exasperate  tha 

to  pieaent  to  the  planter  an  equally  fer-  master,  and  make  hea?(er  and  ligbtec 

tila  region  to  the  South  of  him,  you  the  chain  of  the  slate ;  nor  does  there 

have  only  to  shew  bim  thst  it  o^rs  appear  muoh  likelihood  of  its  exerting 

leas  fitcililies  for  ibe  escape  of  his  any  other  tnflueBoe  in  its  future  eon* 

•laTea,  and  whether  il  be   regard  fbr  tinnaooe.     If,   as   has    been    txdealf 

their  inoreased  heatdi  and  consequent  hoped  and  fondly  believed  by  inaay  it 

longevity,  aoiiec;  to  retain  his  property  the  truer  {rieoda  of  the  negro,  the  la- 

in  sscuiity,  or  the  mere  daaire  to  make  suit  of  the  British  experiment  of  eman- 

thtir  labor  as  profitable  as  poeaiUe,  cipation  in  the  West  India  lataads  ahall 

yoa  may  be  anre  of  his  willingnasa  to  be  snob  as  to  prove  its  safety  and  wia- 

lemove  there.     Thus,  we  have  seen  dom,  so  as  to  open  the  eyee  of  tlis 

iba  acquisition  of  Lonisiana  in  1800,  master  himself  to  the  truth  urged  upoa 

aod  of  Fli»ida  in  1819,  make  an  «b-  btm    bj    his    nortbeni   neighlMr,   Iii0 

Tions  cheek  on  the  increaae  of  slaves  grounds  of  the  question  will  be  in  m> 

in  the  old  Sontbem  Slates,  by  the  in-  respect  cbaaged  by   the  exiatenoe  of 

dnoementa  whioh  they  offered  to  ihair  Texas  in  the  Union.    The  master  in 

omigration    further    eonth.       Nearly  Texas  will  be  open  lo  the  same  meana 

1,100,000    slaves,    as    shown   by  the  of  conviction  aa  he  would  be  if  atill  on 

oenaos,   have    already   migrated    into  his  old  plaatation  in  VIrgiais.     If,  on 

States  beyond  the  limits  of  the  original  the  other  band,  that  experiment  ibaU 

thirteen,  leavinf  less    than   l,iOO,O00  not  prove  aueoessful,  so  as  to  diajvove 

'behind  them.     By  this  natural  transfer  the  asserted  possibility  of  the  coexiat- 

it  ie  that  Delaware  haa  become  to  all  enoe  of  the  two  races  and  two  o<riort| 

practical  purposes  a  free  State  \  Marj-  side  by  aide,  on  the  same  aoil,  in  a  r*- 

umd  nBarly  so,  and  Virginia  to  a  great  lation  of  freedom  and  quality  of  right*, 

•stent  i-— and  the  same  cause  is  operat-  how  can  any  of  the  friende  of  eithei 

ug  largely  in  ether  States.  desire  to  keep  tbem  forcibly  pent  va 

If  Texas  is  annexed  to  tbe  United  nitfaio  limits  where  every  day  is  tenit 

States,  with  its  more  fertile  soil  and  ing  hater  and  faster   to   ferment  tho 

warmer  eky,  is  it  not  certain  that  the  discordant  elements  into  a  resuitwhioh 

parts  of  it  near  the  seaboard,  which  are  threatens  to  be  the  deaolatioa  of  botlh— 

peoaliarl;y  adapted  by   nature   to  pro-  instead  of  opening  this  safety  valve  br 

ancttoos  in  which  the  negro's  labor  is  which  the  noxious  danger  may  pass  off 

most  profitable,  will  be  filled  by  emi-  harmleaaly  and  inaenaibly  } 

gration  from  the  Slave  States  T     Can  Crowd,   then,   your   population  into 

we  not  see,  that  in  Maryland  and  Vit-  the  Soaihetn  Slates aayou  ma^, rapid- 

gink    and    Kentuoky,   and  the    other  ly  and  wichont  fear,    Texas  will  open 

Stales  in  which  slavery  is  already  on  before  it  aa  an  outlst,   and  davery, 

the  decline,  the  opening  of  Texas  must  retiring  from  the  Middle  and  Southern 

naoesearily  hasten  its  departure  ;  and.  Slates  of  the  present  confederacy,  will 

that  thua,  silently,  without  oomplaiat,  find  for  a  time  a  reating-^ace  ther«. 

without  effort,  this  dark  visitation  of  But  only  for  a  time ;  for  the  irrevwa- 

aoxiety  and  evil,  once  the  just  stigma  ible  law  of  population,  which  decrees 

of  British  cupidity,  and  now  her  unjust  t^t    in    a    densely    peopled    region 

and  insolent  taunt,  may  at  last  depart  slavery   shall  .cease    to    exist,    will 

from  oar  shores  \  emancipate  Texas  in  her  turn,  and  the 

Whether  by  any  possibility  the  aboli-  Negro  will  then  paaa  to  a  land  of  potit* 

tiOD  of  Slavery  is  ever  to  be  effected  ical  freedom  and  social  dignity  under  a 

by  other  meana— in  advance  of  the  genial  sky.     He  will  pass  without  civil 

arrival  of  the  period  when  il  must  yield  convulsion,   and   leaving   no  donteatio 

to  the  sileut  operation  of  the  preeanre  ruin  in  his  path.    As  his  labor  becomea 


Googlp 


ijjj.    r--' 


Tki  Rt-Awntxation  af  Ttxas, 


I  ■■ 


leas  and  Im*  Tiloabla,  EmaacipituHi, 
gradual,  prograMive,  at  last  antveraal, 
will  paM  him  over  the  Southern  bordet 
to  hia  more  appropriate  home  in  AUzi- 
co  and  the  Statea  bejond. 

"But  ir  Tnaa  is  to  be  the  ontlet  ftn- 
AmeriMn  itayery,  why  not  auffer  her  to 
be  so,  wilbont  DnkioK  her  a  party  to  Ihe 
Union  7  Will  she  nol  be  at  broad  an 
onilrt,  and  ai  certain,  whether  the  eome* 

ent,  fiiendlj  neighbor  1" 

It  might  be  ao,  indeed,  if  we  conld 
Dnl;  be  certain  tlul  Texas,  preaeed  by 
neceaaitiea,  and  apurned  from  our  con- 
federacy, would  alwsya  coniinoe  to  be 
independent  and  friendly.  But  what 
security  have  we  that  forty  years  hence 
ahe  will  be  either  1  She  ia,  indeed,  a 
young  state,  with  Atnericae  aympa- 
thies,  anxious  now  to  become  a  meioher 
of  that  Amerioan  brotherhood  from 
which  moat  of  her  oiiiaens  bsTe  been 
emigrants,  and  she  has  proffered  her- 
aelf  to  OB  without  reaerre  or  condition. 
Bui  ahe  is  not  without  other  wooera. 
Great  Britain  has  never  yet  leal  a 
chance  of  getting  a  foothold  on  iha 
oulskirta  of  her  neighbors'  teirilory. 
She  haa  Gibraltar  in  Spain,  tbe  Cape 
of  Good  Hope  in  Africa,  and  Hong 
Kong  in  China.  Once,  Calcutta  might 
hBTa  been  added  to  ihia  list,  bat  that  is 

siooa  of  the'  East.  With  the 
dian  Islands  as  aeutirrels  upon  our 
coast,  ahe  keeps  Canada  to  the  North 
•f  us,  and  claiming  Oregon  on  the 
Weat,  ia  actually  negotiating  with 
Texaa  on  the  Soath. 

She  is  mediaiiog,  aa  ahe  terms  it,  be- 
tween Mexico  and  Texas.  And  with 
what  object  1  Not  to  obtain  excluaiia 
pririleges,  says  Lord  Abenleen ;  not  u 

'  advance  any  pecniiar  interests  of  Eng- 
land, or  triih  reference  to  any  pecniiar 

_  ioflueuee.  Truly,  ahe  itegotiates  for 
noue  of  these.  But  tbe  slare  mistress 
of  India,  the  overaaer  and  taakmaater 
of  Ireland,  ahe  who  but  yesterday 
played  the  bully  of  the  opiom  amng- 
glera,  and  fought  the  Chinese  into 
acceptance  of  tbe  decencies  of  iotosi- 


eaiion,  has   become  •  saint  in  theaa 
later  daya — a  very  Peckaniff— and  now 

*■  Compounds  fbr  sins  that  she's  inclined 

lo. 
By  damaiag  those  she  has  im  miitd  to." 

"  She  desires,"  says  Lord  Aberdaeo, 
"to  see  slavery  aboliabed  thtoughaat 
the  world,  and  will  n«t  desist  from  ber 
honttt  tgorU  for  procnring  this  resulL 
She  would  wish  even  to  see  the  South- 
ern States  of  this  Union  placed  on  lb* 
firm  and  solid  footing  which  general 
freedom  aione  can  attain  for  ihero ;" 
though  4he  graciously  pruniaes  that  aha 
"  will  make  no  difference  in  her  traat- 
mant  of  the  slaveholding  and  tbe  free :" 
a  promise  the  more  gracious  as  wall  as 
the  more  easily  kept,  since  war  atraioat 
one  set  of  Siatee  would  be  war  against 
all,  and  she  can  never  have  peaceful 
inlereonrse  with  either  siaTehoIdiDg  or 
free,  except  by  the  JDairamentality  of 
tbe  joint  and  equally  constituted  gor- 
nrnment  of  both  !  "  She  haa  pat  her- 
self forward,  she  admits,  in  pressiar 
Mexico  to  acknowledge  the  indepaif 
ence  of  Texas ;"  and  avowing  bet 
"  withas  to  see  slavery  abolished  in 
Texas  as  well  as  elsewhere,  she  wodd 
rejoice,"  she  says,  "  that  her  recogni- 
tion by  Mexico  should  ba  aecompanied 
by  an  engageonnt  on  the  part  of  Teuw 
for  its  entire  aimliiion."  Such  are  tfas 
words  of  British  ministers  of  state. 
And  fae  must  be  a  stranger  to  the  lao- 
guage  of  diplomacy,  and  torgetfbl  of  tba 
long  history  of  Bntish  intermeddling  is 
the  affairs  of  olhera,  who  does  not  sea 
in  this,  that  if  American  alavery  is  to 
find  an  outlet  for  departure  tbroogli 
Texaa,  it  must  be  by  the  relief  of  Texaa 
from  British  influence,  and  its  annexa- 
tion to  tbe  American  Union, 

To  abandon  Texas  now  is  to  inriu 
for  her  Britiah  protection  and  British 
policy.  It  is  to  close  loand  oa  lb« 
circle  of  Britiah  power,  leaving  the 
emancipation  of  the  ala*e  within  out 
bordera,  the  redintegration  of  bis  man- 
hood, and  his  introduction  to  poliucat 
rights,  a  problem  to  be  aolved  b*  iba 
caprice  of  an  alien  and  not  inprewrir 
hostile  influence. 


lizcdbyGooi^le 


ISM.]         rSpirit  and  Tendencies  of  the  New  School  of  PMloiophf. 


SPIRIT  AND  TENDENCIES  OP  THE  NEW  SCHOOL  OF 
PHILOSOPHY. 

Thi    great   lav  of  the   uniTerse  is  waj,  or  faint  from  eihaustiuD, — thangh 

growth — prograsa — improvemeiit ; — of  we  slip  and  fall  in  Taia  attempts  to  reseb 

tlkia  erea  the  earth  itsolf  ir  a  grand  beyond  our  power, — etill,  trtth  hearty 

illuttratioa.     What  a  change  eiace  the  courage  and  unshaken  Irast,  let  ua  join 

time,  when,  in  the  BimpU  but  espresai'^e  the  van  of  the  great  army,  and  err,"  on- 

languageofHoly  Writ,  "The  earth  was  ward!"     Yes  f  fain  would  we  belie7a 

without   form  and  void,  aod  darkness  tttat  onward  and  npward,  in  his  philoso- 

WBs  upon  the  face  of  the  deep!"     Her  phy   as   well   as    in   his   acta — in   his 

bare  ribs  are  corered  with  living  green,  thought — in  hia  religion — in  hia  life — 

her  atreame  dance  in  atinlight,  and  [he  is  the  tendency  of  man.    And  when, 

musio  of  life  breaks  forth  from  mount-  "  fir  up  the  height,"  the  noble  arm;  of 

ain  topandahadowy  Tallej.    The  dark,  our  fathers  fall,  with  their  dying  eyea 

chaotic,  senseless  mass  is  developed  in  fixed  "  heaTenwajrds — 
beautiful  order,  and  becomea  instinct 
with  life  and  lore.  Ever  is  the  work 
of  creation  going  on  about  us,  and  He 
who  "  reneweth  the  face  of  the  earth" 
with  his  omnipresent  agency,  refreshes 

and  renews  the  life  and  soul  of  man.  — in  the  spirit  of  sneh  sires,  nay  their 

Every  age  sees  a  new  and  eiiU  more  Bona  take  up  that  banner,  and  carry  it 

perfect    development   of  thought, — of  onward  to  realma  of  atill  greater  light 

being.     Fain  would  we  believe,  that  in  and  glory. 

the  epirilual,  as  well  as  the  material  In  the  faith,  then,  that  man  is  a  pro- 
world,  God  is  the  untiring  Creator,  gressive  being,  let  us,  in  inveatig&ting 
With  man,  as  well  as  with  nature,  is  it  the  varioua  phenomena  of  his  existence, 
"  first  the  blade,  then  the  ear,  then  the  with  he.irta  filled  with  hope  and  trust, 
green  com  in  the  ear."  The  watch-  endeavor,  if  possible,  to  diaeriminate 
word  of  Iluraanity  is  ever  "  onward  I"  the  real,  good,  and  permanent,  from  the 
and  as  rank  alter  rank  falls  before  the  auperficial,  fulae,  and  transient,  which 
conquering  force  of  time,  fresh  and  may  be  intermingled.  And,  while  we 
more  vigorous  banda  take  their  places,  condemn  the  departure  from  the  true 
and,  catching  the  sonnd  from  their  coarae,  let  us  be  careful  not  to  confound 
dying  lips,  louder  and  more  earnestly  the  progresa  with  the  error ;  nor,  in  de- 
shout  the  cry,  and  press  forward  with  nouacing  the  evil,  include  Che  good,  too, 
renewed  energy,  to  the  combat  with  in  the  aame  sweeping  category. 
Destiny.  That  distinguished  philosopher,  Vie- 
But  slow  and  wearisome  is  the  as-  tor  Cousin,  in  speaking  of  the  diBereot 
cent  from  earth  to  heaven, — from  the  aystems  of  phitosophy,  most  wisely  re- 
human  to  the  divine.  Like  a  spiral  maika — "I  discovered  that  the  authori- 
wire,  round  and  round,  in  almost  the  ly  of  these  dilfereDi  natema  proceeded 
same  plane,  year  after  year,  and  age  from  the  fact  that  ucy  all  contained 
(Aet  age,  winds  the  path  np  which  we  something  that  is  true  and  good."  So 
toil ;  and  often  do  those  who  fondly  im-  let  vs  endeavor  to  peroeive  something 
agine  they  have  risen  far  above  the  true  and  good  in  every  movement  of 
sightof  all  former  civilisation,  perceive,  humanity,  remembering,  In  the  words 
^as !  that  the  men  and  the  times  they  of  the  great  French  philosopher,  Jonf- 
thought  to  look  down  upon,  are  perhaps  froy,  that  "in  giving  laws  to  human 
opposed  to  them,  in  the  same  plane  of  intelligence,  as  He  has  given  them  to 
ascent, — as  near  to  heaven  and  its  all-  the  stars,  God  has  pre -determined  the 
embracing  light  as  they.  Yet,  though  course  of  humanity,  as  he  baa  establish- 
slow  onr  Journey,  and  scarcely  per-  ed  that  of  the  planets."  Thua  does  the 
ceptible  our  progress, — though  paet-  knowledgeof  this  progressive  teodeaoy, 
ing  for  weariness  we  often  pause  on  the  Uiia  law  of  growth  in  man,  luep  kliva 

VOL.     XT. — NP.   LXXllI.  2  ^^  r 

I  vt^OOgl 


I  i! 


19 


l^rirU  and  Tendendei  of  the  New  School  of  fihUotopif. 


IMy, 


J 


that  joj fill  hope  and  eialtei]  faith,  which 
gire  >  feeling  af  happy  serenity  through 
kII  changes  and  revulutioni  in  human 
philosophy,  aad  in  human  inBtiiutions ; 
which  perauade  ub,  that  in  erery  move- 
rnent,  however  aeemingly  inauspiciouB, 


i  divine  hand,  adfunce«  to  t  clearer 
view  of  Truth,  »  higher  alata  of  nis- 
dMQ,  goodneae,  and  happiness, — a  ncar- 
oriesemblance  to  and  more  perfect  bar- 
nutoy  with  the  UniTeiaal  Spirit. 

As  the  artist,  before  commencing  a 
gteat  picture,  examines  well  the  inalni- 
Mcnls  with  which  he  is  at  work,  pre- 
ptrea  hia  colore  with  peculiar  care, 
•emtinizei  his  caniase,  tries  the  effect 
4>f  different  lighta  and  shades ;  so  it 
dm;  be  of  lome  adrantapo  to  us,  to  ex- 
amins  and  define  the  terms  employed, 
and  discuia  certain  general  questions, 
which  may  serve  to  throw  light  upon 
the  sabject,  and  npon  llio  position  and 
aspect  of  modern  philosophy  and  its 
supporters,— before  giving  ODr  view* 
upon  a  theme  so  eilensive  and  so  im- 
porUol  as  (he  one  before  us. 

In  deciding,  then,  concerning  the  di- 
rection, aim,  and  peculiar  tendencies  of 
modem  philosophy,  it  will  be  Grst  ne- 
oesesry  to  inquire  into  the  nature  and 
distinctiie  cltaraclerisiics  of  the  philo- 
sophy of  the  day,— in  what  it  difTere 
front  the  philosophy  thai  preceded  it, — 
and  from  hence,  as  well  from  the 
effects  it  has  produeed — the  results  al- 
ready brcoghi  to  pass — deduce  ita  pro- 
bable teikdencies. 

FhiloBophy  has  ever  one  object : — to 
explain  man  lo  hiimelf;  to  give  an  ac- 
codDt  of  bis  powers, — his  relations, — 
Ilia  actions ;  to  solve  the  enigma  of  hia 
existence  and  destiny.  As  science 
strifes  to  find  the  ultimate  fact  or  prin- 
ei{de  of  nature,  philosophy  seeks  to 
discover  the  proper  principle  by  which 
man't  beiafc  and  fate,  and  his  relation 
toGodandtbeuniverBearaundbiin,may 
be  fully  elucidated.  Philosophy  is  the 
■eience  of  man  and  the  universe.  Like 
sounding  the  deep  ocean,  or  gauging 
the  broad  sea,  is  (his  looking  into  the 
-great  meaning  and  mystery  of  things; 
•o  vast,  so  deep,  so  movable,  bo  Gllcd 
with  life  artd  variety,  is  this  wondrous 
exiateeoe.  And  yet,  never  is  the  mind 
satisfied,  till  all  the  pnsales  of  the  oni- 
verea  be  solved.  Ever,  like  the 
SphyBZ,  ia  italom  wwins  for  the  CEdi- 
(H  to  ezfoond  her  liddles;  aad  the 


scholar  toils  through  the  day,  and  wears 
away  the  night,  fasting  from  food,  and 
air,  and  sooabine,  and  willingly  braving 
threatening  death,  in  the  faith  that  he 
shall  be  the  man  lo  tiolve  the  great  enig- 
ma, and  thus  save  and  bless  for  ever  bis 
country  and  the  world.  And,  thongh 
so  vast  in  its  variety, — so  deep — so 
high — so  wide — so  numberless  in  its 
forme  as  this  oniverse  is, — still  is  no- 
thing isultUed  and  alone  :  each  is  con- 
nected with  each,  and  every  single  ob- 
ject stands  nniled  by  indissoluble  honda 
with  all  others  ;  and,  as  the  Bhell  eehooa 
in  its  hollow  cclla  the  voice  of  the 
moaning  waves  whence  it  came,  so 
does  evfry  finite  form  utter  the  tone* 
of  the  infinite  ocean  whence  it  springs. 
From  the  swelling  hills  and  softlj 
ronndcd  landscapes,  throutrh  tlie  beaa- 
tiful  proportions  and  graceful  curves  of 
the  human  form,  and  its  mystic  harmt^ 
nious  tones,  tliat "  sorily  blend  the  finite 
whli  the  inlinite,"  is  the  one  universal 
being  speaking  to  our  sonls.  Happy  is 
he  who  sees  the  Une  and  Infinite, 
through  all  and  every  portion  of  this 
wondrous  variety  1 — whom  every  hill's 
aspiring  summit  lifia  to  heaven  1 — to 
whom  every  joyful  stream  raurmura, 
and  every  passing  breeie  whispers, 
"  God  is  love  1"  Oh !  to  him  how  caha 
and  Gcrene  with  the  harmony  of  peaco 
are  the  moonijeame  and  the  starry 
beavcTis — how  warm  with  love,  and 
bright  with  the  wisdom  of  bencTolenee, 
the  sunshine !  To  his  sense  every  bird 
hymns  praiae, — (he  pine  trees  chant 
Te  Deums, — the  waves  raise  an  anthmi 
chorus  ; — all  nature  is  devout. 

As  philosophy  tn  /general  is  the  en- 
deavor lo  explain  tlie  enigmas  of  hu- 
man life,  the  philosophy  of  a  panicnlaT 
age  ia  the  manner  or  way  in  which  that 
age  strives  to  solve  the  great  riddle  of 
man's  being  and  history — to  find  the 
great  principles  that  underlio  all  pbe- 
nonena  of  human  life.  Fhitoeoph; 
seeks  the  cause  of  his  existence,  pow- 
ers, action — the  grnnnde  of  his  know- 
ledge. This  is  always  its  object ;  and 
if  it  fails  to  accomplish  this  object  in 
one  way,  it  turns  to  another.  Every 
new  era  in  philosophy,  every  change 
in  the  direction  of  philosophic  (bought, 
originates  from  a  sense  of  diasalisfae- 
tion  with  a  former  era,— from  the  ftdU 
ore  to  accomplish,  in  the  direction  for- 
merly pursued,  the  great  object  of  ill 
philosophicst  endeavor.  As  (he  miner, 
with  peraereriBB  mduMry,  follows,  in 


ie«.]         spirit  and  Tendeacies  of  the  Nea  School  of  PhUotophy.  19    , 

wioD*  directions,  AroDg:h  nuraeroas  dencies  of  the  preaenl  made  of  ptulo- 

windings,  each  btokBn  trace  of  tho  pre-  so^iiing. 

cions  mela),  till  he  at  lost  arrives  at  That  most  distinguithed  philoaophar 
the  rich  ureat  central  Tein  of  pureat  »ndmanilial,Joufrra;,au[newhEren]P8, 
gold ;  •»  does  philosophy,  'with  untiring  "  Cummon  sense  is  nothing  but  a  cid- 
Ardor,  pursue  the  Hjing  foottttepB  of  lection  of  aolutiota  to  Ihoae  questions 
Trnlh,  through  virious  patha,  till  at  which  philosophers  agitate."  But  the 
last  she  rejoices  at  the  entrance  of  her  views  and  opinions  of  the  common 
temple,  at  the  sight  of  her  glorioua  mind,  the  conctoaians  of  the  common 
fonn, — at  the  opening  of  her  immortal  sense,  change  with  everj  variation  of 
treasares.  Now,  in  nature  and  the  philosophy  i  and  thcac  aolntions  are  tho 
world  of  sense  does  philosophy  strive  resolts  of  the  philosopher'a  specula- 
to  find  the  grand  solution  of  the  pro-  tions.  The  i!i"i';;ht  of  the  philosopher 
blem,  to  catch  a  glimpse  of  the  beaute-  is  the  Jafiody,  that  makes  itself  dis- 
cus face  of  Troth  ;  but  almost  despair-  tinctiy  audible,  tlirin^gh  all  tho  various 
ing  of  success  here,  she  leaves  the  move  men  is  of  the  grand  harmony  ef 
track,aQdbetakeEhersclf  to  the  "  spirit-  huuun  life.  Like  the  pioneer  in  the 
land,"  and  inspired  anew  by  hope,  she  wiMcrness,  philosiphy  advance*  into 
wanders  on,  till  at  last  she  teaches  the  vnknown  regions,  through  before  uo- 
bigh  ideal  clime,  where  thought  loses  trodden  paths  ;  while,  with  slow  bnt 
itself  in  mystic  dreams,  or  bows  dowa  Bore  steps,  common  senae,  like  the 
in  humble  faith  and  devotion.  farmer  and  the  artisan  that  follow  the 

If  the  tthitoBophy  of  a  pariicolarBge,  ailrenturcr,   improves,   and  applies  to 

then,  is  the  endeavor  made  at  any  given  the  purposes  of  life,  the  ground  which 

period  to  Hud  asnlutton  to  tho  problems  has  thus  been  opened  to  its  use. 

vflife — the  peculiar  way  ip  which  that  A  Bacon,  or  a  Locke,  as  he  looks 

age  accounts  to  itself  for  'he  being,  the  down  the  tide  of  succeeding  years,  sees 

thought,  and  the  actiop  of  humanity —  his  own  Ihoughta,  his  own  philosophy, 

the  questions  arise,  ^t'hcre  is  the  phi-  brought  out  and  manifested  in  varions 

toMphy  of  any  ags — the  present,  for  forma  and  institutions  of  science,  art, 

example — to  bo  Iiund  !     Who  are  its  literature,   religion,   and    government, 

«xponente  *     VhM  is  its  nalnre  ^  He  sees  himself  lo  have  been  the  great 

In  former 'ftnca,  the  thinkers — those  leader  of  his  age,  giving  impulse,  di- 
who  were  striving  "  to  come  at  tho  reolion  and  character  lo  the  genius  of 
meaning  of  things'  — were  but  a  hand-  his  times.  Thus  the  philosopher  seems 
ftil,  Ih'  very  few ;  and  these  represeated  alwajis  to  stamp  his  own  likeness  upon 
the  jrfiilosophy  of  their  age.  But  now  the  minds  and  hearts— yea,  upon  the 
th<  case  is  changed;  and  not  to  the  very  mater  iii — of  the  age  itself.  The 
fbw,  nor  to  the  thmkers  and  the  phila-  great  thinkers,  whose  sublime  heads 
sophers  merely,  do  we  look  to  find  what  tower  up  among  the  ages,  are  the  mile- 
modern  philosophy  is ;  not  in  books  of  stones  of  man  s  progress ;  and  when 
philosophy  alone,  but  in  the  bdktlct-  the  ^^'O^Id  has  reached  the  thought  ex- 
tres,   the   romances,   the   poems,    the  pressed  llirough  one  of  these,  another 

feneral  literature  of  the  day.     In  the  rises  up  in  the  path  of  humanity,  with 

cry  words  of  the   ultra  reformer,  as  light  and  power  to  guide  mankmd  still 

well  as  in  tho  calm  language  of  the  further  onward  in  the  march  of  im- 

timid  preacher  of  conservatism,  are  wc  provement. 

to  look,  if  we  would  fully  ascertain  the  But  as  the  age  is  influenced  by  the 

peculiar  tone  of  thought,  the  mode  of  philoBophar,  so  is  the  philosopher  by 

philosophizing  that  aistinguislics  the  the  age.      He    does   not  create  the 

ticne  ;  and  hence,  the  results  to  which  thought  of  the  age  ;  he  rather  gives  it 

such   philosophy  is  leading ;  in  other  expression.     He   is   itd   Mercury — its 

words,  the  tendencies  of  modern  philo-  mouth-piece,  that  gives  distinct   and 

tophy.     In  tho  character  of  the  popular  articulate  utterance  to  what  the  mass 

religious  creed,  as  well  as  in  the^ofifi-  of  the  people  only  feel  and  dimly  see. 

cat  faith — finally,  in  the  religious,  mo-  He  catches  the  confused  notes  of  tha 

ral,  political   and  literary   institutions  melody  that  is  floating  in  the  huraan 

and  esperimenta  of  civilised  man — are  sotil,  and  sends  it  forth  again  a  full, 

we  lo  look  for  the  effects  that  modern  clear,  aU-enchantfng  harmoay. 

philosophy  is  producing,  for  the  ten-  We  have  said  ^t  the  pnilow^liec 


:,  Google 


'77;,_^. 


90 


Spirit  and  Tendtnd«*  af  tht  Ntv  School  of  PhUotopk^.         [Jdjr, 


I 


wsB  the  month-piece  of  his  aga ;  and 
that  though,  through  him,  the  pbiloso- 
phf  is  more  fallj  uttered,  and  more 
diBlincliy  arlicuUted,  il  ia,  howeTcr, 
expresaed  in  the  general  literature,  &c., 
of  the  timea ;  iliat  tho  reaults  to  which 
the  philoBOphj  of  an  age  is  leading — io 
Other  worda,  the  tendeneiet  of  Bt;cB 
pkUasaphy — may  be  deduced  not  only 
from  the  Btal«ment8  of  the  philosophy 
itaelf,  but  liam  the  applicati una  already 
made  by  llie  commonsenseof  mankind 
— by  the  age — to  the  aifiira  of  life. 

Uaving  thus  haatily  dtsriuased  iheae 
general  questiona  of  pbiloeoahy,  let  us 
proceed  without  fnrlher  delay  to  the 
more  immedialH  subject  of  this  article, 
"  the  epiril  and  tendencies  of  mkdern 
philoBophy ;"  and  ascertaii),  frooi  a 
comparison  with  the  philoaopliy  ih^ 
has  preceded  it,  aa  well  as  from  the 
leslifflony  of  ila  originalora  and  advo- 
cates : — first,  the  peculiar  character  of 
our  own  philoaophy ;  secondly,  obaPrTC 
the  probable  tendency  of  its  principles, 
ifcarriedout ;  and,  in  conclusion,  mark 
whether,  in  the  applications  that  have 
beeo  made  of  it,  and  in  the  partial  re- 
lullB  attained,  such  tendencies  are  not 
proved  to  be  real. 

Id  examining  the  philosophy  of  the 
last  age,  we  cannot  but  see  that  it  re- 
ferred all  menial  phenomena  to  outward 
causes — looked  lo  the  material,  rather 
than  to  the  spirilnal  world,  for  the  so- 
lution of  every  problem  Ibat  presented 
itself.  The  outward,  the  finite — thai 
which  the  setifles  take  cognizance  of— 
wa*  itself  the  great  principle  or  reality 
which  could  esplain  ail  things.  Hence, 
the  sensual  or  material  scnonl,  which 
waa  diatinguished  by  the  intellect  of 
each  men  as  Bacon  and  Iiocke,  and 
included  Htibbes,  Bcntham,  Condilloc, 
and  a  host  of  other  writers,  taking  the 
j!;round  that  all  ideas,  ail  knowledge,  are 
derived  alone  from  sensalioD,  and  re- 
fleetion  upon  the  ideas  gained  through 
the  senses,  and  denying  tbat  any  addi- 
tional knowledge  can  be  derived  from 
ihe  Bonl  itself.  Locke  very  naturally 
■npposea  even  "  that  God,  in  his  omni- 
potence, might  have  endowed  matter 
with  the  faculty  of  thought. "  Cabanis, 
a  French  diaciple  of  the  same  school, 
made  the  soul,  with  alt  ila  faculties, 
the  intellect  and  will,  a  mere  product 
of  the  nervous  syaiem,  and  suspected 
"  that  the  hrain  secretea  Ihonght,  aa  the 
Uver  doea  the  bile."  Thas  the  other 
disciples  of  this  school,  if  not  Locks 


himself,  were  gross  materialists,  lie 
sou! — the  spiritual  nature — was  lost 
eight  of,  and  aunk  in  the  external  and 
phenomenal,  and  mind  was  but  an  at- 
tribute of  matter.  Disbelieving  in  any 
real  sentiment  of  right  atid  wrong;  and 
rrgarding,  in  ihe  worda  of  Locke  him- 
aelf,  "  conscience  aa  nothing  else  Ihaq 
our  own  opinions  of  our  own  actions," 
morality,  as  well  aa  civil  polity,  became 
a  matter  of  choice  and  eipedleocy. 
Hobbes,  Volney,  and  others,  founding 
their  ideas  of  good  and  evil  enlirelj 
upon  the  agreeable  or  disagreeable 
seosalions   (or   inftuencca   upon    their 

to,  mode  enjoyment,  and  not  virtue,  llid 
great  object  uflife.  Thus  the  moFalisU 
of  Ihia  philoaa[ihy  were  all  aen^ualists. 
In  their  view,  the  health  and  comfort 
of  the  body  should  be  the  great  aim  of 
kvery  man  ;  and  to  contribute  to  Uua 
wte  the  higbeal  virtue  ;  to  neglect  thia 
alont.  was  ticc  ;  while  real  virtue, 
which  ^  the  true  and  healthy  nUte  of 
the  mini,  and  soul,  Ti-as  entirely  shot 
out  from  lltir  consideration. 

With  La  tiacc,  men  of  science  made 
matter  and  mtf»on  the  only  ejisteoce* 
in  the  "  sysiem  tf  ihe  world."  Thiw 
matter  and  sens^  became  the  great 
object  of  worship,  tx  which  man,  his 
intellect,  his  soul,  nay,^ven  the  Deity,' 
became  merged.  The  cM ward,  mate- 
rial and  sensual,  had  a  real  (existence  ; 
and  spirhqal,  waa 


but   ! 


fictioi 


Such — carried  to  ita  exIrcTne,  its 
final  limit  or  end — was  the  philosoplh 
of  the  past  age  ;  a  philosophy  that  u 
still  visible  in  the  elTecla  it  has  pro- 
duced, and  that  still  holds  away  over 
many  minds. 

And  here,  perhaps,  we  may  be  ex- 
cused for  dwelling  a  moment  on  that 
tendency  to  ultraism  that  we  may  per- 
ceive in  the  philosophical  movement 
just  described ;  thai  we  continually 
notice  aa  an  important  fact  in  all  the 
movement  and  progress  of  the  htiman 
race,  especially  as  it  has  been  so  se- 
verely rehukeif,  as  a  peculiar  tendency 
of  modem  philosophy  and  of  the  present 
age.  For,  what  ia  ullraism  1  Is  it  not 
the  pursuit  of  an  object  to  its  goal — lo 
its  final  extreme  1  And  is  not  sneh  « 
pursuit  an  indication  of  moral  energy 
and  perseverance  t  Who  should  falter 
in  tMt  paih  which,  however  miatakeD, 
he  sincerely  believe*  will  lead  him 


1B44.]         SpirU  and  Ttadenciti  of  the  New  School  of  Philotophi/.  SI 

■Mght  10  the  temple  ofTrnlh  *    Tt  is        Not  only  in  goin^  to  the  extreme  tt 

trae,  the  Be«kor  may  be  amenable  to  came  to  its  lenninatioa — the  end  or  its 

the  ohiTge  or  naiTDWneu,  one-iided-  path,  the  Hmil  of  its  power — but,  by 

MBS,  and  fanaticism,  from  the  Tact  that  that  rery  fact,  proved  that  it  could  not 

he  Buppoaei  hia  peculiar  path  alone  the  lead  (o  all  truth,  and  thus  declared  thft 

right  one.     But  it  is  necessary  that  (he  absurdity  ofits  loo  arrogant  pretensions. 

beginning  and  the  end,  as  well  as  every  Manlcina,  finding  that  in  the  end  this 

torn  and  windin?  of  the  path,  be  known,  philosophy  rejects  certain  great  reali* 

How  tar  in  its  direction  it  varies  from  ties,  sach  as  intuitive  ideas,  the  sonl, 

the  course  of  truth  T     How  far  is  its  spiritual  existences,  aid  thnsGod  him- 

tvnninatioD  from  the  door  of  her  tern-  self,  deny  its  claims  to  be  considered 

pie  1     It  is  for  the  benefit  of  all  her  the  only  right  path  to  trnth,  the  perfect 

followers — all  mankind  (for  alt  in  their  salution  to  the  great  problems  of  lifb ; 

way  pnrsne  Truth,  or  the  groat  reality  and  ask  for  another  tray  to  be  tried — k 

of  all  things)— that  all  paths  that  hn-  new  solution  sought  out.     And,  wdat- 

manity  treads  ahould  be  thoroughly  in-  ever  the  philosophy  of  onr  time  may 

vestigsted ;  that  all  their  errors,  im-  be,  we  are  not  only  certain  that  it  will 

~  irfoctions,  and  dilficnllies  should  he  be  carried  oat  to  its  furthest  limits,  but 


perfec 


To  this  parpose,  they  n 

pomed  to   their  final  extreme,  their  a  former  philosophy  whence  it  set  out; 

farthest  bound.     Has  not,  then,  even  that  it  will  be  apt  to  take  everything; 

nltraiam  its  apology  *     For,  has  it  not  that  is  most  distant,  foreign  and  oppo- 

ita  necessary  and  useful  part  to  play  <  site  from  what  it  has  left  behind.    Dis- 

Yet  truth  most  be  examined  in  every  satiafied  with  the  former  pa^,  wearied 

direction — approached  on  every  aide,  with  its  peculiar  difficulties,  and  dis- 

Not  one  phasis  of  her  heavenly  orb^  gnstod  with  its  reiterated  errors,  tlw 

but  the  full  uid  complete  light  of  her  aeeket — man — naturally  turns,   in  hia 

whole  brilliant  sphere,  most  he  seen  new  endeavor  after  Imlti,  to  Iha  coura* 

and  long  contemplated  ;  and  as  slowly  most   dilTerent   and   remote   from  th« 

through  the  ages,  Humanity  revolves  path  by  which  he  haa  befora  been  mia- 

vround  her  calm  and  holy  light,  Philo-  fed. 

aophy,  with  telescopic  eye,  makes  eo-  Ennnyed  with  rest,  he  seeks  motion, 
rioBS  survey,  and  takes  careful  obser-  action  ;  wearied  with  toil  and  continual 
ntioRs,  of  each  single  phasis  she  pre-  movement,  he  sighs  for  rest  and  re- 
sents to  man,  her  dependent  satellite,  pose.  Over  the  bright  sunshine  and 
Not  from  one  set  of  observaliona  csn  noisy  bustle  of  day,  how  gratefully 
we  know  fair  Truth  ;  e»ch  is  but  par-  falls  the  shadowy  curtain  and  soothing 
tial — but  an  approximation.  To  know  silence  of  night  I  The  first  blades  of 
her  completely,  we  must  study  them  greca  grass  on  the  sunny  stream-bank', 
all :  we  must  nave  seen  her  on  evety  and  the  earliest  anemones  of  spring, 
side ;  we  must  have  completed  our  re-  gladden  us,  weary  of  the  freeaing 
volution.  Thus  it  is,  that  the  most  north-blaal,  more  than  the  rich  foliage 
oomplete  "  many-sided"  man  has  been  and  gorgeous  flowers  of  summer  time ; 
in  former  days,  and  at  different  times,  and  winter,  with  hia  Aeeoy  showen, 
one-sided  and  ultra.  his  robes  of  dazzling  purt^,  his  bril- 

The  oUraismof  thelsst  school,  then,  liant  fretwork,  and  hangings  of  cryatali 

U  well  as  that  of  tho  present,  has  its  once   so  beautifol   to   our  vision,   we 

apology.     True,  it  carried  sensualism  would   banish  from  earth  for  ever,  so 

out  to  its  further  extreme.     Starting  that    the    inner  life  of  nature  might 

from  the  fintte  and  the  seen,  and  utterly  break  forth  in  waving  leaf  and  bursting 

abjuring  "  the  element  of  the  infinite,  bud,   in   the   dancing   of  stroams    let 

it  made  enjoyment  the  highest  morality,  loose  from  their  fetters,  in  the  soaring 

expediency  tho  highest  polity,  outward  wings  and  gushing  songs  of  birds.    So 

rules  and  laws  the  lellgion,  where  it  the  philosopher,  tired  and  dissatisfied 

allowed  religion   to  exist.      But  thus  with   the   outward,  welcomes,  wilb  a 

the  true  nature  of  the  finite,  its  uses  thrill  and  shout  of  joy,  the  fiist  leave* 

and  deficiencies,  its  incapability  to  ex-  and  bods  thst  bnrst  forth  from  the  irt- 

^lain,  alona  and  by  itself,  tho  genome-  ward  life,  the  earliest  notes  of  a  apirit- 

na  of  life,  became  fully  evident.  ual  melody  ;  and  would  bantthfin  ever. 


vGoogI: 


lil 


p' 


i 


J 


it  and  Tfndencit*  of  the  New  School  of  PJulotopiy.        {^ul^r 

is,  U  the  preMDt  daj,  at  least,  ika  re- 
latiiB  pasiiion  of  these  naiioua ;  aod 
the  tone  of  ibougbt,  the  pbiloMphjr 
that  prevails  ia  German;,  will  prevail 
amooK  the  apeculatuts,  the  tbinkersr 
the  philoBopheis,  ol  Fiance,  EngUnd. 
Bad  America.  Tndeed,  even  now,  Ger- 
man literature  and  German  thought  are 
exerlicg  a  mighty  influence  upon  iha 
civilized  world. 

One  distinguifihed  writer  in  cnu 
midst  complain!  :  "  If  we  are  to  make 
eiperiment  of  a  new  system,  we  wobid 
fain  have  it  fully  and  fairly  before  oar 
eyes  ;  which  can  never  be  the  case,  ao 
long  as  wo  receife  our  '  philotophema- 
la'  by  a  double  tranaporlalion  from 
Germany  vi&  France,  io  parcels  to  auit 
the  importers  ; — as  fast  as  the  French 
forwarding  philoaopber  gels  it  fcom 
Germany,  and  as  fast  as  the  American 
consignee  can  get  it  from  France." 
And  again,  speaking  of  Ibe  "  hiero- 
pbants  uf  the  new  system,"  the  same 
writer  eontijiues  :  "  Some  of  then  are 
busily  learning  French,  in  order  to 
Tead,  in  that  laogaage,  any  ri/acii>i*mto 
of  Teutonic  metaphysics,  which  may 
come  into  their  handa.  Some  are 
learning  German  ;  others  hare  actoaUy 
learned  it.  He  who  caonut  do  eilfaer, 
strives  te  gather  into  one  the  Sibylline 
oraclea,  and  abortive  sciape,  of  the 
gifted  bat  indolent  Coleridge,  and  his 
gaping  imitators ;  or  in  default  of  all 
Uiia,  Bits  at  the  nrn  of  dilute  wisdom, 
and  sips  the  ihrice-drawn  infusion  of 
English  from  French,  and  Fieuoh  front 
Gerinan. " 

Another,  in  diSeient  atyle,  Uuda 
German  literature  and  iia  iuflueace  to 
the  akies  :  "  To  our  apprebeasion," 
be  remarks,  *'  German  literature  ia  the 
fairest,  the  ricbeBl,  Ibe  most  original, 
fresh  and  reli^us  Uteratvre  of  all 
modemtiroes.  W'esajtbiaadTiaedly." 
Andi  aAer  decluiog  that  the  Germans 
are  the  best  classical  sehoUra,  the 
most  iborongh  ^[rammaitaoa,  the  moM 
erudite  and  philosophical  histDriass, 
the  most  profound  entics ;  and,  enume- 
rating the  lon^  Uai  of  GermaB  authwa 
distinguished  id  each  of  these  aeTeral 
departments,  hs  adds,  "  It  is  onlylbe 
Germans  in  this  age  who  study  Th»- 
ology,  at  even  the  Bible,  wiih  the  aid 
of  enlightened  and  scieotifio  ciiticinB. 
But  this  ii  not  all,  and  by  do  means 
the  chief  merit  of  German  acholai*. 
Within  less  iban  three-score  years, 
there  have  appeared  among  them  four 


in  the  haste  of  unreflecting 

the  cold,  fotmal,  dead  outwacd  that  has 

chilled  bis  soul. 

Having  come  to  the  limit  of  a  sen- 
soal  philosophy,  the  very  principle  of 
ultiaism,  then,  the  tendency  to  depart 
as  far  as  poseible  from  a  former  philo- 
sophy, and  to  proceed  to  the  furthest 
extreme  in  a  new  paib,  would  induce  a 
determination  towards  spiritualism,  and 
lead  UB  to  expect  that  spiritual  philoso- 
phy, in  which  all  that  materialism  hod 
denied  should  be  fully  asserted,  and  all 
that  materialism  had  affirmed  should 
be  either  passed  by  unnoticed,  or  ut- 
terly rejected,  would  succeed  the  sen- 
mau  school, — a  philosopby  that  made 
man  and  not  nature,  the  soul  and  not 
the  sense,  the  infinite  and  not  the  finite, 
its  starting  point.  We  might  there- 
fore prophesy  that  such  would  be  the 
leading  philosophy  of  the  present  age. 
Though  there  may  be  at  the  present, 
as  in  all  past,  time,  different  philoso- 
phies existing  at  one  and  the  same  mo- 
ment, and  obtaining  to  a  certain  eilent 
among  men  ;  yet  it  will  not  be  denied, 
that  there  is  always  some  one  panicn- 
lar  philosophy  or  mode  of  th ought, 
more  prominent  than  all  others,  which 
chscacteriies  the  ftge  in  which  it  pre- 
vails, and  is  the  particular  mode  which 
the  mind  of  the  age  takes,  to  solve  the 
problems  proposed  to  it.  It  is  tme, 
the  inhabitants  of  one  State  may  bo 
earrying  oat  the  principles  of  the  sen- 
soat  school,  while  those  on  its  very 
borders  m^  have  commenced  the  ap- 
plication of^a  new  and  spirituat  pbilo- 
Bophj.  Yea  1  in  the  very  same  com- 
muntty  there  may  be  a  similar  difier- 
ence.  But  the  philosophy  adopted  by 
the  most  thinking,  oullitated  and  ad- 
vanced people,  by  the  most  speculative 
and  philosophical,  rather  than  the  most 
jnaetical  nation,  and  by  the  greatest 
thinWs  in  snch  nation,  is  the  leading 


and  diBUngnisbing  philosophy  of  the 
■M 1  the  ^iioeopby  that  will  soon  be, 
if  it  is  not  already,  applied  and  carried 


It  by  piBCtieal  men,  in  whose  ap^i 
tiena  of  philos^hy  we  look  to  discover 
it*  tendencies.  Thus  Germany  is 
Icnown  as  the  land  of  speculators, 
»ch<4ar«,  philosophers ;  France  seems 
to  bftve  been  appointed  to  state  the  re- 
mits of  German  peculation  in  clear, 
distinct  propoaitionB  and  practical 
nles;  while  the  office  of  England  has 
fasen  to  apply  and  carry  out  these  speo- 
nlattODS,  so  stated,  in  actual  life.     This 


1H4.1         Bpirit  and  Ttndtneie*  of  the  New  adrnd  of  PUlotopl^.  S3 

]diflow^»h«TB,  whs  would    haTs  been  ataniDg  from  the  finite  and  seitraal  to 

couapicaoua  in  any  age,  aod  will  hers-  enny  theu    idea*  to    their    fuithe* 

•Aer,  we  tbtnk,  be  DUoed  with  Pluo,  limit. 

AriMMle,  Bacos,  Deeoartea,  a.nd  Lett»-  We  have  regarded  the  tendency  to 

nilx,  araoBg  the   grMtsit   ihinkere  of  accept  of  German   modea  of  thonght, 

the  world.     They  ue    Kant,   Fiefate,  from    the   apiritual    charaoter   of   the 

SefaeUiogi  and  Hegel.     Silently  these  Geraian  mind,  aa  aaolher  evidMwe  IhM 

ligfata  aroM  and  went  op  the  eky,  with-  the  goneral  tendency  of  modern  pht- 

«nt  noiso,  to   talcs  their  plaoe  among  losopby  waa  towards  epiritualiam. 

tbe  fixed  atara  ef  Geniua  and  ahioe  Passing  by  the  intermediate  lyatanw, 

with  them  ;  namea  that  will  oot  fade  wTiioh  merely  compose   the   stepping- 

ont  of   hearen  anlil  some  age*  aball  st«naa  from  senaualtsm  to  BpiritualiNMi 

ttBTe  paased  away.    Tbete  men  were  let  us  glance  at  the  great  leaden  ia 

IhJnkera  all ;    deep,  mighty   thiakera.  Gerroany.  tiiat  land  of  "oloud,  UMt, 

They    knelt    reverentty  down    before  and  ether" — of  modem  apecnlation  tat 

Nature  with  religions  heart*,  and  a*ked  philosophy — among  whom,  by  ani*wad 

hot  question*.     They  sat  on  the  brink  oonaent,  Kant,   Fiehte,  Sebelling  and 

of  the  well  of  truth,  and  continued  to  Hegel  ooonpy  the  foromost  po*iik>D. 

draw  for  themaalTca  and' the  world.  Different,  in  the  coDclnsiona  to  whioh 

Take  Kant  alone,  and  in  the  whole  they  hare  antTOd,  aamay  be  the  mem- 

eompM*  of  thonght,  we  acarce  know  her*  of  the  spiritoal  bcIkbI,  the  disci* 

hi*  siqMiior."                         ■  plea  of  Kant  from   Kant  himaelf,  it 

Tlie  paoegyrio  aa  well  ae  the  com-  aeem*  hardly  possible  to  deny  that  he 

pIniBt  both  indicate  the  promineDtpoai-  waa  the  first  to  giro  definite  form  to 

tion  which  Geitnaity  ocenpiaa  in  mod-  the  philosophy  of  this  acbool,  that  h» 

em  philosophy.     Now  what  ia  the  ten-  i*   the   great   leader,  at   leaat  of  that 

deocy  of  the  German  misd  and  tho  part  of  it  who  derive  from  bia  woAa 

German  philoeopby  ^    We  will  answer  the  titlo  "  TraiucendeDtal."    DiSonlt, 

in   the   words  of  one   of  the    Lowell  nay !  almost  impoasiblo,  a*  it  ia  fhll^ 

InatitBta  leotorera,  wlioni  it  ia  but  faint  to  understand  the  terms  of  the  noineB- 

praiie  to  call  tho  Juofiroy  of  America :  clature  he  himself  invented,  or  to  got 

"  The  leadeoc^  of  the  grnat  leaders  of  at  the  thought  through  his  peculiarly 

the  German  mind,  of  Descarte*,  Iieib-  dark  and  involved  phraseology,  we  «an 

aitz  and   Kant,  waa  towards  q>iritual-  hardly  expect  to  arrive  at  tbs  dkareW 

ism,  and  if  carried  out  exclusively,  and  ootiona  of  hie  system  ourselrea,  nndi 

applied  to  religion,  it  would  be  apt  to  leas  coovsy  it  to  otbers,  espeeirily  >• 

deganerate  into  Pantheism.     I  do  not  the  complaint  was  early  made  by  tarn 

mean  that  there  ia  any  danger  of  the  own  countrymen  of  its  ineompTefaesri- 

Oenoans   faeeoming    Pantheist*,    but  bility,  and  disputes  often  arose,  waang 

their  great  ibiakers  pnt  the  mind  on  hie  immediste  disciples,  concerning  tM 

that  ttaok.    It  leaned  that  way,  and,  if  meaning  of  many  of  hi*  proposition*. 

it  fell,  wonld  M  that  way."  We  will  therefore  trust  to  wiser  beada 

The  tendency  then  to  adopt  a  Qei-  Uian  our  own  to  give  an  aoeoont  of  his 

maa  mode  of  thought  and  philosophy,  system,  and  with  hut  a  few  eilraola 

ia  a  teodeooy  of  philoBopby  towarde  from  hb  writing*  proceed  to  those  of 

spiriMalism.  his  followers. 

Wa  have  seBn  that  the  tendency  to  And,  in  passing,  it  may  not  be  inaii- 

idtnism  waa  more  or  lesa  eharacleria*  propriate  to  noliee  in  few  words  tha 

tie  af  eveiT  movement  of  humanity,  tendency  of  modem  speenlators  in  o«T 

We  have  also  inferred  fn>m  the  nature  own  land  a*  well  as  elsewhere,  to  ini- 

of  the  phihwopfay  of  a  preceding  age,  tate  their  leader,  not  only  in  the  usa  of 

that  the  gentrat  lendency  of  modem  a  new  technical   voei^alaty,  but,   ia 

phikMo^y  vranld   be  spiritual.    And  what  seeto*  to  us,  his  indlatiiwt  and 

Sy  the  "gensr^   tend«ney"   of  phi-  involved  phraaeology.     In  adopttng  a 

loaophy  is  meant  the  temfency  to  de-  new    mode    of  philosophizing,    Kant 

ralope  it*  own  ttature,  to  go  on  in  the  might  perchance  have  found  it  necea- 

peeiuiar  direetion  in  which  its  move-  sary  to  employ  new  and  more  exact 

nant  oomnMnoed.    Thai,  for  instance,  terms  than  those  commonly  in  tne. 

the  general  tendency  of  the  school  of  But,  in  aeeepting  those  paru  of  tha 

Xiooke,  Hobbes,   Bentham,  Ac,  vraa  now  nomencla tare  that  aeem  neoessa- 

towatds   naterialisra,  or  sensoaKam ;  ry,  what  need  is  there  of  adoptbg  a 


Goog 


■TT7T". 


Spirit  and  Ttndtiuiet  of  tlit  Neu  Sei»ot  of  PkSonp/if.        [J^, 


jargon,  nninlelligible  cwT' 
i  the  giemt  masa  of  reiden, 
ana  an  oecMion  of  trouble,  as  well  aa 
regret,  to  ererj  man  of  clear  percep- 
tions and  pare  laste !  Why  wnte 
Knglish  in  a  Gennaii  idiom,  and  place 
nmple  Ihoagfat  in  a  BiyMical  dialect  * 
We  fometimea  ace  disposed  to  doqbt, 
wlietber  these  writers  do  uot  occaaion- 
aSf  And  themieUee  in  the  condition  of 
Kant  himaeir,  who  was  compelled  to 
uuwer  the  demaade  of  hie  fneoda  for 
an  expiaoatioD  of  aoroe  of  the  moat 
ambiguoDs  pasaagea  in  his  writinfrS) 
that  he  knew  very  well  at  the  (itoe  he 
wrote  them,  what  he  meant,  but  ituit  fae 
had  better  bnsioeaa  al\erward  than  to 
be  writing  coiDmenluiea  on  hia  own 

To  the  above  critioiaDi  it  haa  been 
answered,  that  the  aobjects  treated  of, 
in  thia  dark  and  cloudy  phraseology, 
were  ao  deep,  ao  br  beyond  the  com- 
mon conacionsneM,  and  the  capacity  of 
common  minds  to  fathom,  that  no  worda 
and  pbr&Ma,  in  common  ose,  could  be 
linked  together  in  such  a  W3.j  aa  to 
reach  them.  Finally,  that  the  language 
of  a  material  philoaophy  was  wholly 
ntifil,  aa  well  a*  insufficient,  to  eipreaa 
the  ideaa  of  a  new  vtd  spiritual  ajs- 

Jouffroy  certainly  does  not  roove  in 
■hallow  viraters,  and  yet  he  is  always 
aimple,  clear,  and  lucid.  So  it  it  with 
oar  own  Channing,  who  has  reached, 
and  placed  in  clearest  light,  ihe  deepest 
spiritual  themes.  And,  in  oar  neigh- 
boring city,  durieg  the  last  three  win- 
ter*, no  superficial  or  shalloa'  views 
have  been  eiven  by  a  distinguished 
philosoj^ical  leetDTer,  of  the  piofocnd- 
est  depths  of  thought,  which  the  hu- 
man mind  is  capable  of  sounding,  in 
Ungnage  as  clear,  distinct,  and  well- 
arranged,  as  the  thouchls  it  expreaaed. 
"  '  'a  retnra  to  Kant  and  his  phi- 
j  and  if,  from  his  own  words, 
ot  receive  a  oorrsct  idea  of  hia 
philoaophical  notions,  we  may,  pec- 
haps,  not  without  some  reason,  lay  a 
ptut  of  the  blame  on  the  great  philoso- 
riier  hiDtaelf,  as  well  u  on  our  own 
dnllDeaa  and  stu^ity.  Leaving  the 
gconnd  oocnpied  by  the  materialiats, 
that  the  nstuie  of  tlie  mind  and  aool 
was  to  be  learnt  from  the  effects  pro- 
dneed  npon  them  by  the  influences  of 
the  oalwud  world,  and  therefore  that 
the  finite,  outward,  and  senaual,  was 
the  tne  starting-point  oC  all  philosophy, 


1  UaelT, 


rfc, 


he  takes  hii  stand  ii 
and  observes  the  action  of  the  inwud 
world  npon  the  outward,  regarding  ihs 
mind,  not  as  fonned  and  hahioDed  bf 
external  inflaBDces,  but  as  itself  fa^- 
ioning  and  moulding  the  external  world. 
In  his  ovm  words :  "  It  sonnda 
strange,  indeed,  at  first,  bnt  it  is  not 
less  certain,  when  1  saj  in  reqieet  to 
the  original  lawi  of  the  undcratai 
that  it  does  not  dtrtte  them  frm 
ture,  bnt  impo»*t  them  upon  oMuie." 
He  therefore  commences  with  the  in- 
quiry, "  How  syotbelica)  Jadgmenta,  'k 
priori,'  are  possible  with  respect  to  ob- 
jects of  experience  V  that  is  tossy  (aa 
we  understand  it),  how,  and  on  vrhat 
gronnda,  snoh  ideas  as  thoae  of  power, 
beauty,  goodness,  cause  and  eSeot — 
which,  originating  bafoie,  and  inde- 
pendent of,  all  experience,  we  attseh,  at 
first  glaace,  to  certain  objects  wd 
events  —  exist.  These  "  synthelteBl 
judgments  k  priori,"  or  intuitive  idss* 
which  have  in  them  someihing  beyood 
what  experience  can  give,  arise,  ac- 
cording to  our  pbilosopher,  from  a  he- 
ulty  of  the  soul  itself.  "  Reasoa,"  says 
Kant,  "  is  the  faculty  which  furnishes 
the  pritidplet  of  cogaition  k  priori,'' 
therefore,  pure  reason  is  that  which  con- 
tains the  principles  of  knowing  some- 
thingabsoluielv^pciori.  "IlannallcogB 
nition  'Iranteendental,''  whiek  coneenM 
itself,  in  general,  not  so  much  with  ob- 
jects, aa  with  one  mode  of  cognition  of 
objects,  so  far  as  this  may  be  psosibla 
ii  priori — a  tyslem  of  soch  conception* 
wonld  be  called  transcendental  philoBO- 
phy."  In  iuvestigaling  the  pure  rea- 
son, he  finds  tliat  all  its  conceptions,  in 
other  words,  "  all  tcanscendental  ideas 
may  bo  brought  niider  three  elattat,  of 
which  the  Jiril  coniains  the  ^>aolut« 
(unconditioned)  nnily  of  the  thinking 
*ubject ;  the  second,  tbc  absolnts  unily 
of  the  terits  of  t/it  condiliotu  of  th* 
phenomena;  the  third,  the  absolnto 
unily  of  the  ctmdUion  of  all  objeett  of 
tJiought  in  general.  The  thinking  sub- 
ject is  the  object  of  Psyefadogy ;  Ihe 
complex  of  all  phenomena  (the  world) 
ii  the  object  of  Cosmology  ;  and  the 
thing  which  contains  Ihe  sujveme  con- 


be  thought  (the  essence  of  aj 
),  is  the  object  of  all  Theelc^; 
consequently  pure  reason  furnishes  the 
idea  of  a  transceadental  doctrine  of  tba 
soul  {juychalogia  niionalis) ;  of  \ 
tnoMeadeDtsl  seiaioe  of  the  worid 


.Google 


ISW.]         Bpiril  and  TttuUnciet  of  M*  Ntio  Sdtool  of  Philotopky.  25 

(eosmologia    ratitmftlis);  and,  finallf,  ing  of  these,  and  their  BTotem,  in  con- 
kho  of  a  tnnBcendental  cD^ilion  of  itection  with  the  material  school,  Pro- 
God  {Iheologia  traD8e«ndeiitalis)."     In  fensnrs   Edwards   and   Park   reuiaik  : 
the  words  of  another  commentiUDi  on  "  The  Gennanfl,  howBTor,  hare  launeh- 
Kaot,  then,   "The  reason,  finallj,  is  ed  forth  to  Ihe  other  extreme.     It  a 
the  sablinie  of  human  spontaneity.     It  said  that  Kanl'a  BjBteto  is  in  mina ; 
laltei  cognizance  of  that  which  is  self-  bnt    Kant's   inflnence   is    not.     Othei 
evident,  necessary,   absolnte,   infinite,  systems,  it  has  been   obeerred,  hare 
eternal.     Its  objeotn  are  beyond  the  rolled  orer  his,  and  hare  been  them- 
^ihare,  not  merely  of  time  and  apace,  s«Wes,   m   turn,   displaced.      Yet    all 
but  of  ell  ntiochiation;  anditisamong  these  sysiemt  bare  conspired  to  one 
tbMB    objeota,  ■aboTe   the    stir    and  general  effect.    Tbey  have  all  been 
smoke  of  this  dim   spot,  which  men  at  antipodes  tr>  Locke  and  Paley ;  they 
e>]l  Earth,' that  the  transcendental  phi-  have  all  made  war  npon  the  tensaal 
loMtdieia  have  matt  sneoesafully  ex-  and  the  outward.    The  haaie  of  eveTT> 
paliated.     ^Vllile  the  understanding  is  thing  has  been  laid  DpOD  the  internal 
disCDTaire,  and  collects  proof,  and  de-  and  th»  independent  pamert  of  the  hti> 
duces  jodnneniK  tiie  reasoa  is  eelf-  man  eonl.     Henoe  the  German  Ian* 
BOffleient,  mloilire,  immediate,  and  in-  gnage  is  so  rich  in  all  the  terms  which 
fallible,  in  all  its  dictates."    Another  are  applied  to  spiritnat  phenomena." 
writer,  on  the  same  enbject,  obeerves :  And,  m  the  last  sentence,  by  tbe  way, 
"According  to  the  transeendealal  phi-  we  have  the  reason  hinted  at  for  the 
loaophy,  then,  what  is  properly  termed  use  of  German  phraseology  and  tbe 
httealedge,  is  entirely  confined  within  technicalities  of  German   systems   of 
the  limits  of  experience.     We  know  philosophy ;  bnt  thongh,  in  Germany, 
nothing,  and  can  know  nothing  of  any  originated,  or  rather  was  earliest  ex- 
object  that  may  not  be  conceived  to  e]  -........■      .....          ..■- — ■ 

ist  in  spaco  and  lime,  which  may  ni  ,            ,    _ 

tw  assumed  under  the   categoriei,  or  times,  it    wontd   be   highly  irrational 

laws  of  thonifht,  relative  to  the  under-  to  call  it  a  German  philosophy,  or  svp- 

■tanding.     The   reason   does,    indeed,  pose  that  it  was  wholly  imbibed  front 

fintn  to  itself  pure  ideas,  which  go  be-  Germany,  by  its  disciples  and  advo- 

yond  tbe  limits  of  sense,  and  eiperi-  cates  in  other  lands.     Many  here,  a* 

ence,  but,  as  we  know  no  object   to  wall  as  in  other  conntrtes,  were  charm- 

which  these  are  applicable,  they  remain  ed  by  the  unfolding  to  their  own  minds 

aa   mere    id^a  wholly    incognizable,  of  spiritual  ideas,  and  lofty  "  transcen- 

Saeh  are  onr  notions  of  God,  of  moral  dental"    conceptions,    -when,    as    yet, 

fmcdom,   and   of   immortality,   which  German  literature  was  to  them  a  seal- 

wboUy  transcend  the  limits  of  our  in-  ed  hook,  and  before  modem  spirituaU 

teUsctnal  nature."  ism  had  any  confessed  friends,  anylir- 

Kant  himself  says,  all  knowledge  inv  English  authors.     No !  let  ns  ra- 

''  of  things   derived,  solely,  from   the  ther  believe  that,  led  by  a  divine  hand, 

pure  understanding,  or  from  pore  rea-  humanity     passes     from     thought     10 

son,  ia  nothtitg  but   empty  show,  and  thoaght.  from  syBlem  to  system,  from 

inih  is  to  be  found  only  through  expe-  one   height   to    another,  in   the   great 

rieiioe."     Thn»  we  see  God  and  im-  ascent  to  heaven. 

mortality,  .according  to  Kant,  are  mere  Next  to  Kant  eomes  Fiehte,hia  dis- 

ideaa,  exist  only  in  human  reason,  in  ciple  and  contemporary.     According  to 

th»  consciousness  of  men.     This  is  an  Cousin,  Fiohte's  formula  is ;  "  The  me 

iuevitahla  conclusion  from  his  premi-  supposes  itself,  it  supposes  the  world, 

sea,  however  desirous  the  philosopher  it  supposes  God;  it  supposes  itself  as 

might  have  been  to  conceal  or  avoid  it,  the    primitive    and    permanent   cause 

and  of  this  we  shallseethat  his  follow-  with  which  everything  commences,  to 

era  have  made  a  use  which  he  seems  which  everything  is   referred    as  at 

hardly  to  have  anticipated.  once  the  circle  and  the  circumference ; 

Id  the  limits  of  an  Article  like  this,  it  it  sapposes  Ihe  world  as  a  simple  nega- 

is  scarcely  possible  to  do  more  than  tion  of  itself ;  it  appose*  God  oj  a  w- 

slanee  at  some  of  those  who  have  fol-  gation    of   itself,    taken    ahtaltUehf." 

lowed  in  the   footsteps  of  Kant,  and  Again;    "According  to   Fiehte,   God 

widened,  modified,  and  improved  the  ii  notking  but  the  tubject  of  lh«ught, 

path  of  philoat^hy  be  opened.    Speak-  conceived  aa  ai$olut»i  ho  ia,  there- 


Goog  C 


Spirit  mid  Ttndmcie*  of  th»  JVew  SehMi  of  PkiUltftm.         [inly. 


foM,  Btill  the  1"  .  .  .  "Fichis 
distinguithcs  between  a  twofuld  1,  the 
HDD  phenomenal,  namelf,  the  I  which 
each  of  UB  repreaeuM ;  the  other  Is  it- 
Self  the  substance  of  the  I,  namely, 
God  himielf.  Gad  is  the  abaoluie  I." 
To  quote  still  further  from  Cousin : 
"The  last  resalt  of  the  aystem  of 
Pichte,  was  the  me  supposed,  or  rather 
Mppoaing  itself  as  the  aoie  principle. 
Having  arrived  at  this  extremity,  it 
waa  naceasaiy  that  the  German  phi- 
losophy should  either  depart  from  it  or 
perish.  Sckelling  ia  the  man  who 
took  it  from  a  labyrinth  of  a  psychol*- 

Jy  at  once  ideal  and  skeptica],  in  or- 
er  to  restore  it  to  reality  aad  life. 
Especially  he  vindicated  the  rights  of 
the  external  world,  of  nature;  and  it  is 
from  this  oircometance  that  bis  phi- 
losophy derirea  its  name :  '  The  sys- 
tem of  identity,  or  philosophy  of  tha 
ftbMlnte.'  In  bis  opinion,  philosophy 
must  rise,  al  first,  even  to  the  absolute 
being,  the  common  tubttaact,  and  the 
common  ideal  of  the  me,  and  the  not 
mty  which  does  not  relate  exclusively 
either  to  the  one  or  tha  other,  but 
which  eomprebenda  them  both,  attd 
forms  their  identity.  This  aisoliite 
.  idtntily  of  the  mt  and  the  not  me,  of 
man  and  nalare  is  God.  It  follows 
from  this  that  God  is  in  nature  as  well 
as  in  man  ;"  aad  that  "  their  only  dif- 
ference is  that  of  contciotuneu  and 
non-oonacioDsnass,"  &c. 

0/  Hegel,  the  sanie  aothor  says: 
"  Uegel  lus  borrowed  mach  of  Scfael- 
liag ;  I,  iar  more  feeble  than  either, 
have  borrowed  from  both.  I  puUicly 
called  them  both  my  ma*ter»  and  n»y 
frieiuU,  and  the  leaders  of  the  philoso- 
phy of  the  present  age. "  Thus  we  see 
that  while,  aocordiag  to  Fiohte,  God  is 


the  person,  the  sbsolulai;  withSchel' 
liof,  God  is  the  substance  equally  "  of 
the  me  and  the  not  me,  of  man  sad  na- 
Ivrt,"  hut  in  man  and  not  in  nature  is 
Oad  eenscious.  This,  if  it  does  »ot 
rapreailj  assert,  would  seem  strongly 
ta  imply,  first,  that,  as  God  is  the 
common  ntitlono  ^«1  the  cmnmon 
iJaal  of  the  m«  and  the  Bot  me,  all 
thiogi  aia  God ;  and,  seoondly,  that 
God  only  arrives  at  consciousness  and 
persooafity  in  man ;  benoe  the  tendan- 
ey  (rf*  modem  philosophy  is  to  panthe- 
ism,  and,  at  the  same  time,  to  the  apo- 

thaoMS  of  humanity.    "Pi 

■eewding  t 


most  again  be  psnailUd  to  do  Ibe  !»• 
justice  to  quote  from  memory,  "  Paa- 
theism  makes  the  InSnite,  all,  and  Ibe 
Finite,  nothing ;  and  as  Atheism  kwes 
Ood  in  nature,  so  Psniheism  loses  nft- 
tare  in  God.  We  may  begin  with  tha 
Infinite,  with  God,  and  attempt  to  de- 
duce the  Finite  from  it ;  if  we  fail  ui 
tliis,  as,  in  strict  logic,  I  thiak  wa 
must,  we  sliall  not  attain  the  FioUe  at 
ail.     Hence  Panthmtm." 

Is  it  oeccsaarv  to  go  on  further  «ith 
OUT  quotations  from  the  great  leader* 
of  modern  philoeophyl  If  so,  thenext 
on  the  list,  and  not  the  least  dittin- 
goished,  is  the  professed  disoipl*  of 
Seheltjng  aiid  Hegel,  Victor  Cousia,  <^ 
France,  from  whom  we  will  quote  a, 
few  sentcooes,  ohsracteristtc,  we  think, 
of  the  aalhor  uid  bis  philoeophy. 

"  The  intisible,''  he  says,  "  nlnek  m 
eternally  eoDoeaied  from  all  direet  ap- 
prehension, is  revealed  to  humanity  by 
the  reason.  .  .  .  Reason  ia  Ifae 
faculty,  not  of  perceiving,  bnt  of  con- 
ceiving the  Infinite  (God).  By  whu 
means  is  the  Infinite  revMled  la  lea- 
sont  .  .  By  its  idea.  And  what 
are  the  forms  in  which  the  idea  of  Ibe 
loliniie  ia  presented  to  humse  rosene  1 
.  .  The  forms  of  the  TViis,  tk« 
Beataiful,  the  Good,"  JCe.  Of  naUna, 
he  remarks  :,  "  Tbe  world,  aoeordiiig- 
ly,  is  of  the  same  stuff  with  oatselvea, 
and  nature  is  the  sister  of  man ;  il  i« 
active,  living,  animated  like  him;  and 
its  history  is  a  drsma  no  less  than  our 
own.  Natate,  like  humanity,  is  eem- 
pDsed  of  laws  and  of  forces,  of  rmssw 
and  of  aetivily,"  as  "all  law  Mppoeei 
a  reseoD,  and  the  kws  of  Ibe  world  tn 
nothing  but  reason,  as  manifMeil  in 
the  world."  ....  "As  we  hav« 
reduced  the  laws  of  reaaon  and  tha 
laws  of  her  ferae  to  two,  costd  we  bm 
also  attempt  a  rednctioo  of  Ibe  fonea 
of  nature  and  .of  their  laws  <  CooM 
we  not  reduce  ail  the  regular  iModM  of 
tbe  action  of  nature  to  two,  whioh,  m 
their  relation  with  the  spontaneous  aad 
reflective  aetion  of  the  me  and  of  rea- 
son, would  exhibit  a  still  mere  iBtimattt 
hannony  than  that  which  wa  bare  just 
indicated  between  tha  iniental  and  ez- 
tetoal  world!"  ....  "It  will 
be  perceived  that  I  here  allttde  to  «z- 

panaioB  osd  concentration 

....  What  physieal  inqqinr, 
sinoe  Eoler,  sseks  anything  in  nalara 
but  forees  and  laws !  Wboaowapsska 
of  BbMns  1    And  even  maleoules,  tha 


18M-]         Sfiril  tnd  Tmdtndet  e/  jJi«  jVm  Seiool  of  PhUotcphs.  ST 

( 

old  fttoms  revired,  who  defends  them  above  nMuTO ;  finallj,  it  nooM  tesd  oa, 

U  uiylhiog  bat  xn  hypotKEsiB !     If  the  when  carried  out  to  its  fullest  limit,  lo 

Au^t  be  iiKoniesiible,  if  modern  phjsiu*  regftid  ra&n  as  the  oentre  aod  >ourc«  of 

•  bo  new  employed  oo);  with  (ocees  all  truth,  all  knowledge,  all  paw«r, 
Uid  laws,  I  draw  the  ligoraua  conolu-  Nut  only,  to  repeat  the  word*  of  Kant, 
■ions  from  it,  that  the  scieace  of  phy-  "  the  uoderatajiding  imposes  ita  lawt 
sios,  whether  it  know  it  or  not,  is  no  upon  nature,"  hut,  in  the  language  of 
lonfei  material,  and  that  it  became  Cuuain,  "  the  loRnite — the  True — th« 
spiritual  when  it  rejecled  eT«ry  other  Good—God  himself  ia  revealed  10  h»- 
method  than  ohaervalion  and  iuduclion,  manily  by  the  reasoo  alone. " 

which  can  never  lead   to  aug^ht  but  We  peioeire,  then,  many  subordinala 

forcetand  1>»'8.     Vow  what  is  there  and  particular  teodeooioa  that  grow  out 

malarial   in   forces   and   laws!      The  ofthe  natureof  modem  pbiloHidiy,  that 

Ehyweal    sciencea    then,    ihemBelres,  are  merely  subdiriaioaa  of  the  great 

ave  entered  iato  the  broad  path  of  an  general  tendency  to  the  extreioo  of 

Wlightened  spijituaUsm."  Spiritualism, — varions  expressioiia  of 

A  few  more  remarks  of  Cousin,  on  the  same  grand  principle.     Let  na, 

ItAUMt,  and  wo  finish  out  quotations :  therefore,  conclude  these  remarks  by 

"If  oortaioty  is  to  beobtaioed,  if  there  noticing  the  inflaenoe  of  some  of  tlieaa. 

■»  onirorsal  truths,  it  is  because  Hea-  tendencies  upon  the  intellect,  tbe  heart, 

•on,  which  teaches  them  to  us,  baa  it-  aod  tbe  life  of  man.     In  other  words, 

■elf  a  sovereign  and  nniTeteol  aotbor-  let  us  examine  thb  practical  tendencies 

ily."     "  Indeed,  which  of  our  facultiea  of  modern  philosophy. 

is  it  that,  in  the  reading  of  tlie  Holy  And  first,  the  tendeaoy  to  Rational- 

Sctiptures,  must  receive  this  sadden  ism,  as  the  Infiaiie :  ia  other  words, 

light !     Examine,   and   you   will   find  "  the  True,  the  Beautiful,  the  Good," 

*  that  it  must  be  reason.  It  is  reason  is  only  "revealed  to  humanity  by  tb» 
which,  endowed  with  the  power  of  re-  reason,"  to  use  the  language  of  Cousin ; 
eogoiiing  the  True — the  Goad — the  and  toitalone  "  we  owelhe  knowledgo 
Beautiful — the  Grand — the  Holy — the  of  universal  and  necessary  truths,  of 
Divine — wherever  it  ia,  recognizes  it  principles  which  we  all  olicy  and  ota- 
inthe  Holy  Scriptures  as  it  recogniaes  not  but  obey;  and,  as  ahe  alone  is  "  tlw 
it  in  Notare,  as  it  recognizes  it  in  con-  interpreter  of  Cod  and  the  teacher  of 
scieoce  aod  in  tbe  soni,  which  is  also  s  mau,"  then  all  must  stand  or  fall  by  her 
Bible  in  its  own  way."  "  Reason,  then,  decision*. 

is  literally  a  revelation,  which  is  want-  Thus,  in  the  present  age,  in  thai 

iiig  to  no  man,  and  which  enlightens  name  of  reaaon,  everything  is  cbaJ- 

every  man  on  his  coming    into  the  lengsd  to  abow  ita  colors,  give  hei 

world.     Season  is  the  neceaaary  me-  watchword,  or  die.     Every  human  in- 

diotor  between  God  and  man — tiie  X>]v[  atilution  is  questioned  to  declare  the 

of  Pythagoras  and  Plato — the  word  principle  in  which  it  exists ;  and,  if 

mode  flesh  which  serves  as  the  inter-  this  does  not  accord  with  reaaais  it 

preter  of  God  and  the  teacher  of  man  must  perish.     Art,  acienoe,  gevem- 

— divine  and  human  at  the  aame  lime,  ment,  religion,  each  in  turn  most  stand 

It  is  nol,  indeed,  the  Absolute  God  in  forth  and  give  a  full  aooouot  of  itself, 

hia  maijeslic  individuality,  but  his  mani-  Reason  aiia  on  her  judgmeot-teat,  andt 

featatkm  in  spirit,  and  in  truth  ;  it  is  in  her  hall,  lighted  from  oa  high,  ai» 

not  the  Being  of  beings,  but  it  ia  tbe  no  dark  comers  for  folly  and  (Ua^ood 

nvealed  God  of  the  human  race."  to  hide  in.     Before  her  powertiil  lighl. 

From  the  hasiy  survey,  then,  we  the  wan  spectres  of  fear,  saperstition, 

have  made  of  modem  philosophy,  as  and  blind  credulity  fade  away,  with  th* 

we  find  it  developed  in  the  works  of  ita  clooda  aod  darkness,  in  which  they  bti 

taostdiMiBguishedadrocatesiDEurope,  their  birth.    Before  the  anthority  of 

we  cannot  but  perceive  how  enliieiy  her   word,   the  bands  of  tyntnoy  and 

apiritosl  is  its  direction  and  character ;  hypocrisy,  vice  and  bigotry,  cower  and 

that  the  tendenciea  of  this  pbilosofihy  tremble,  and   shrink   away  iula   theii 

■re  not  only  towards  an  extreme  Spirit-  graves.    No  niattei  bow  time-bonored, 

nal  Rationalism,  bnt  to  Idealism,  Pan-  how  powerful,  bow  esteemed  amMig- 

thBi*m,and  Mvsticism,  and  to  exalt  tbe  men,  reverence  for  the  outward  bsa  iw 

iowardaboveitiBoatward, — spirit  above  place  in  thia  system:  whatever  oaiuot 

maUei, — teasoD  above  sense, — mau  prove  itself  afriend  of  reosMt,  and  ift 


vGoog  I 


;U 


S^ril  and  Tmdtneie*  of  Oe  Ntm  StMool  of  Phih$ophy.        [Jnlf, 


humony  wiih  her  Iswb,  mtisi  fkll.  Nn- 
tbing  so  Xofly,  m  sacred — DOtbing  m 
meBS  aod  luw,  as  to  escape  her  acm- 
liny.  Not  eTen  the  Sabtnlh,  the  Bible, 
n  Chriatisnitj  itself.  As  "  reason  is 
&  necMsiiy  and  nnireraal  Tevelation 
wanting'  to  no  man,"  the  Bihle,  saj  our 
modern  philosophers,  is  not  to  be  re- 
eeired  any  fuither  than  it  is  in  accord- 
ance vith  Reason.  The  greatest  man 
ia  great  ooly  becaase  he  lives  oot  her 
intaitions  ;  and  Christ  ia  only  onr  Sa- 
viour, and  Chiistianily  onr  aaWation, 
because  inspired  by  the  "pure  Rewon," 
and  in  conroTmity  with  her  sublime 
conceptions^ 

Thus  this  tendency  allows  no  secret 
■DcietieB,  no  masonic  lodges ;  ^y  most 
oome  oat  to  the  cleat  light  of  Reason, 
answer  her  interrogatories,  receive  her 
•eoteace.  Hence  the  dcalmctiie  prin- 
ciple, that  at  first  waned  only  against 
whatever  could  not,  or  would  not,  give 
a  clear  account -of  itself  when  chaU 


tely,  this  prineipl< 
Dot  t^nars  wait  for  the  challenge  to  be 
answered ;  but,  in  the  beat  of  lU  zeal, 
eonfbonding  friend  with  foe,  it  is  too 
willing  to  make  war  npon  the  true  as 
w^  as  the  false,  and  to  sweep  away,  in 
one  promiacnona  rain,  the  good  with 
die  evil,  the  beautiful  and  fair  with  the 
foul  and  ngly.  Thus  do  we  (ind  in  nor 
midst,  sincere  and  nprighc  inditidaals, 
perhaps,  but  too  hot-beaded  and  enthiisi- 
aetic  to  judge  clearly  aad  deliberately  ; 
who,  not  satisfied  with  reforming  the 
ateses,  eradicating  the  corruption,  and 
exterminating  tho  evils,  which  may 
have  crept  into  Church  and  State, 
would  destroy  the  whole. 

"Away!"  cry  Ihoy,  "away  with 
yotir  Charefa,  yonr  Sabbath,  your  cler- 
gj ;  ih'B  up  yui^  \awR  and  legislation  : 
erertbrow  the  vile  incubus  of  state  : 
poll  down  your  pulpits  ;  demolish  your 
meeiing-honses  ;  abolish  yonr  religiona 
worship !" 

Thanh'  Heaven  !  there  is  divine 
power  and  vitality  enough  in  the  Chris- 
tian Chnreh  to  carrr  it  safely  through 
all  snch  battles — to'  bring  it  out  un- 
•oathed  from  the  Bre  kindled  to  de- 
stroy it.  Uiueathed!  yea?  conSrmed, 
strengthened  and  purijiad  by  the  trial, 
as,  when  the  tempsst  wrestles  with  the 
mighty  osJc,  the  dead  leaves,  decaying 
Imnehes  and  Inaeets,  that  marred  its 
heauty  and  obstructed  its  growth,  are 
— attcied  to  tiie  winds ',  but,  mure  per- 


fect than  ever  in  its  proad  and  gtorimia 
majesty,  the  oat  still  stands, — the  tem- 
pest has  but  revealed  its  strength. 

The  nltra-spiritualist  seems  to  fidget 
that  reason, — the  inuard  wortd, — the 
avbject  of  (bought, — is  bnt  one  party  in 
the  formation  of  every  idea;  that  tba 
OHlvard  world,  the  object  also,  is  ne- 
oeaaary.  Thus  a  man,  to  be  a  painteTt 
must  not  only  be  distinguished  by  hia 
appreciation  of  beautiRil  forms  and 
hues,  but  he  must  have,  often  and  dis- 
tinctly brought  before  his  vision,  beau- 
tiful forma  and  colors,  to  appreciaM. 
The  intaitions  or  coneaptioos  of  die 
reason  need  objects  to  awaken  and 
develope  them  ;  the  outward  world  of 
man  and  nature,  of  aciencB,  history  and 
art.  Prom  a  disregard  of  this  aeoM- 
sity  arises  the  tendency  to  undervalaa 
the  outward,  to  depreeist*  knowMge 
gained  from  eiperienec,  to  de^tiee  th« 
learning  of  books  and  the  wisdom  of 
grey  hairs.  This  may  be  called  tha 
mtroversivt  tendenty  ot  modem  philo- 
Bophy,  ot  tendeooy  to  indifidutdi^, 
which  makes  the  individual  soul — the 
Me — the  inward  life — the  centre  and 
source  of  all  things.  In  the  writii^[s 
of  the  transcendental  portion  of  ths 
spiritual  school  do  we  espeoially  t~' 
this  tendency  prominent.  Its  eiirei 
as  we  shall  see,  by  a  cursory  e 
Uon  of  the  transcendental  literalnre,  is 
to  make  man  the  eonl,  the  self,  Ibe 
great  divmily  ofthe  universe. 

In  a  volume  of  essays  by  its  moM 
disilnguishad  and  beautifel  writer,  W9 
find  the  following  development  of  the 
tendency  above  allnded  to  : 

"  It  is  only  ss  a  man  puts  off  fhmi  him- 
self alt  pxteiaal  sapport  and  stands  alone, 
that  I  see  bim  (o  be  stroBg  and  to  prevail. 
He  is  weaker  by  every  recruit  to  his  baa- 
ner.  Is  not  a  man  better  tiian  a  Iowa  t 
Ask  nothing  of  men,  and,  in  tbe  endless 
matation,  thou  only  firm  colamn  most 
presently  appear  the  upholder  of  all  that 
surronnds  thee.  He  who  knows  that 
power  it  in  tbe  soul,  that  he  it  weak  only 
because  he  has  looked  for  good  oat  of 
him  and  elsewhere,  and  so  perceiving, 
throws  himself  onhefiialiDgly  on  hia 
thought,  instantly  rights  himself,  stands 
in  the  erect  position,  camnands  his  limbi, 
works  miracles." 

Again: 


z.d- Google 


1844.]         Sjurit  md  TendeiuUs  «/  the  New  School  of  Fhilotophy.  9t 

4t  boDW  with  might  ind  main,  and  not  ence  of  k)l  men,  and  a  lUlh  and  tniM 

laffer  himself  to  be  bullied  by  kings  or  in  the  soul  hertelf.     Chrisliiwity  is  llw 

empires,  but  know  Ihai  he  is  greater  than  doctrine  of  self-support,     Jeans  civea 

all  the  geographj  and  all  the  government  his  arm  to  none  aave  thoae  who  stand 

ofthe  wotW.  gjgpt,  independent  of  church,  suie,  or 

AffBin  he  narrates :  '''*  '*''"^'''' '"  '''*=  '"legriiy  of  self-inaight 
and  valor." 

« I  remenber  an  answer,  when  qaile  None  more  than  we  can  approve  and 

yonng,  I  was  prompi  to  make  lo  a  valned  admire  a  lofty  self-retiance — a  rever- 

adviter  who  was  wont  lo  importane  me  once  for  the  son]  as  an  inspiration  from 

with  IhedewoU  doctrines  ofthe  Church:  the  Deity.     "1  would  not,"  to  use  tha 

00  mr  saying  'what  have  1  to  do  with  words  of  the  sainted  Channinf,  "  I 
the  sacredness  of  traditions,  if  I  live  would  not  disparage  that  nalnre,  which 
wholly  from  within,'  mjr  friend  suggested,  ii  common  lo  all  man,  for  no  ihooght 
"  But  these  impulses  may  be  from  htlow,  gan  measure  its  grandeur.  It  ia  tb* 
not  from  oio« ,'  I  replied :  '  They  do  not  j^age  of  God— the  iEmge  of  hit  in- 
seem  to  me  to  be  such,  hut  if  I  am  the  fini[^_fi,r  nj,  limiis  can  be  set  to  its 
devil's  ehilJ.  I  will  live  Iheii  from  the  o„f„ij:„„  «-  who  nossssses  the  di 
devil  I'  No  law  can  be  sacred  lo  me  hnt  ■'?""^"'B-  ■'Jf  w""  possesses  Ibe  di- 
thatofmyMlure.  Good  and  bad  arc  bal  ""«  P^*"  °f '^e  soul  «  a  part  bemg 
names  vefj  readily  traniferabls  to  [hat  or  — b«  ''.'«  ?'*■;''  *'1^'.«  foij."  But  haa 
this;  the  only  right  is  what  is  after  ray  ""  '"»  >endeney,  in  soioe,  been  ear- 
eoDSIitotion  ;  the  only  wrong,  what  is  »»ed  so  far  aa  to  canse  them  l«  forgM 
against  it."  ....<*  Perhaps,  if  there  is  snch  a  thing  as  human  frailtj, 
we  shonhl  meet  Shakspeare,  we  shonld  and  human  sinfulneas  1  Has  it  oat  led 
not  be  eonteionsof  any  iteepinfeiiority  I  some  among  us  to  despise  the  gifte, 
no,  but  of  a  great  equalilj,"  to.  .  .  .  the  revelationa,  the  wisdom  of  all  other 
"  I  may  say  it  of  our  preposterous  uic  of  (oula,  and  tha  various  instil  at  kma  and 
books— he  knew  not  what  lo  do,  snd  so  ,ns  (q  which  they  owe,  in  a  meaaare, 
luTtad.  Ican/A.nAofnolhmgioEllmy  their  present  lofty  stute  of  inteUimmee 
y?*/'!:'''??^  so.  w,.hout  any  con.tmmt,  ^^^  cullivalion  ;  and,  finally,  to  pit  the 

1  find  the  life  of  Brmnt.  It  .s  a  very  ei-  i„ji,idu,i  ^^j  (,he  >  of  Fiehie/in  the 
Ir^^rtC.e"'o^r/nX?w'^b!  pUceof.hatuni'vera«lSpiri,,i„'a:^hT 
ingion.  My  lime  shonld  be  as  good  as  "'"'^.  ™?,  ^"J>'  ""<"  i"""'  "«>  »»▼• 
thiir  time,"  fcc.     .     .     .    "Whaliaa  our  being!'     Let  us  see. 

man  bat  Nat  are's  fine  success  in  self-ex-  in  the  same  Kssays  we  quoted  b»> 

plication7    What  is  a  man  bat  a  finer  fore,  we  find  such  eiprcssionaaslhese: 

and  compacler  landscape  than  the  bori-  "  God  enters  by  a  private  door  into  eve- 

soD-fignres — Nature's  eclecticism  7"  r;  individual :" — 

In  a  apeecli  ^n  the  "  meihod  of  na-  "  There  is  no  great  and  no  nnaU 

tore,"  by  the  aame  author,  we  have  this  To  the  Saul  that  maketh  all ; 

tendency  still  pronoinenl :  "AlllhiDgs,"  Aad  where  ilcometh  all  things  arej 

he  says,  "  ate  known  to  the  soul ;  it  is  And  it  cometh  everywhere." 
not  to  be  surprised  by  sjiy  communica- 

lion.     Nothing  can  be  greater  than  ft."  The  same  author,  in  another  work. 

In  an  oration  lo  our  scholars,  he  en-  says :  "  I  stand  here. to  say,  let  us  wor- 

eourages   them  with  :    "Meek  young  ahip  the  mighty  and  transcendent  Soul." 

men  grow  up  in  libmries,  believing  it  Andagain:  "  That  which,  intellecuially 

their  duly  to  accept  the  views  which  considered,  we  call  reason,  considered 

Cicero,  which   Locke,  which   Bacon,  in  relation  to  nuture,  we  call  spirit, 

have    given  ;    forgetful    that    Cicero,  Spirit  ia  Iho  Creator.     Spirit  haa  life 

Locke   and   Bacon   were   only   young  in  itself,  and  man,  in  all  ages  and  eoun- 

men  in  libraries  when  the;  wrote  these  irics,  embodiesit  in  his  luiguageaa  the 

books."     Another  and  still  more  tran-  Father."     Goethe,  in  a  lUercry  point 

acendental  writer,  if  possible,  telle  ns  of  view,  lh»  great  chief  of  the  Traas- 

in  his  "  Sayings :"  "  A  man  is  diviner,  cendental  school,  in  his  Hymn,  "  The 

mightier,  holier,  than  rnlers  ordained  Godlike,"  haa  such  expressions  aa— 

of  time Christians  lean 

on  Jesua,  and  not  on  the  aoul.     Sneh  "  Hail  lo  the  unknown, 

wu  not  the  doeUine  of  this  noble  re-  The  U^ber  Beiog 

fonur.    He  taught  maii'B  tDdepend-  Fell  witbiit  ui." 

.)  giti: 


I  =y  Google 


iil! 


Spirit  and  Tendmeiet  of  the  Neio  Seitool  of  Piiio$*fikf.        {Jnlr, 


► 


"He  alone  mif 
The  Good  reward,— 
Tbe  Gailty  punUb,— 
Mead  and  delivei." 


n  poau  speaks 


pnwna,  enemies, — TuiiBh."  ABolIm 
dselarea:  "The  world  is  filled  by 
God's  energy  and  subslance ;"  and 
"  The  difine  energy  and  aubslanee 
poBseulhe  humanroul,"  Asanatural 
consequence  from  the  belief  that  man'B 
aoai  IB  divine  in  its  Bubatanca,  &c.,  all 

and  miwry  are  of  God,  and  Uievcf^ 


"  Tbe  oaty  temple  God  deligbia  tc 


"God  is 


Says  the  author  ofteneM  quoted  abor  a, 
Not  ihankB— not  prayer,  seem  quite 
tbe  highest uid  tmesinanie  for  OUT com- 
ontnicalion  with  the  Infinite — but  glad 
and  eonepiring  reception — reception 
Asotbei  Transcendental  writer,  whoso  that  becoiDEa  piring,  in  its  turn  ;  as  tbe 
"  Sayings"  we  have  berore  qnoled,  re-  receiver  ia  only  the  All-Giver  in  paat 
marks :  "  Man  is  a  rudiment  and  em-  and  in  infancy."  .  .  "  It  is  God  in 
of  God."  Stii!  another  deelarea :  ua  which  checks  the  language  of  peti- 
we  in  God;  dirinest  tion  by  a  grander  thought."  .... 
life!  foundation  of  freedom,  of  manhood,  "  Men's  prayers  are  a  disease  of  the 
of  a  godlike  age."  This  tendency  to  will."  .  .  ,  Agaia  ;  "  Empedocles 
merge  the  universe  and  man  in  God, —  undoubtedly  spoke  a  troth  of  tbtwght, 
to  roako  all  things  Deity,  and  Deity  all  when  he  said,  '  1  am  God!'" 
things, — is  the  pecnliar  pantheism  of  Thus  we  see  how  inconsjatent  b 
Ibe  present  day;  and  this  pantheistic  prayer,  are  all  acta  of  outnard  worship, 
teodenoy,  to  which  we  hare  befoTB  wilb  tbe  religious  tendency  of  modern 
alluded,  forms  oae  of  tbe  most  dietin-  philosophy.  Kiinally  so  is  a  belief  in 
gnishing  chancterietics  of  modern  phi-  any  particular  illumination,  or  peenHac 
loaophy.  inspiration,  and  in  a  special  revelation. 

Saye  a  dialinguiahed  literary  advo-  Says  one  of  the  popular  leclur 
oate  of  this  [Jiilosophjr,  in  England,  preachers  of  Chriilianity  (.») 
"Yes;   tmly,  if  nature  is  one   and  a    midst — "God'    - 


living  indivisible  whole,  much 
mankmd,  the  image  that  reflects  and 
creates  natare,  withoat  whii ' 


"  Thro 


every  star, — ihrongb  every  grass-biade, 
— aod  most — through  every  living  soul, 
the  glory  of  a  present  God  still  beams." 
The  author,  again,  of  "  Sayings,"  ob. 
serves — "  Divinely   speaking,   God   is 

the  only  person." "A 

man's  idea  of  God  corresponds  to  his 
ideal  of  himself.     The  noblar  he  is,  the 


idly  present  in 
him.  Tbe  presence  of  God  in  the 
soul  is  what  we  call  inepimlion ;  it  ia  a 
breathingxa  of  God ;" — aod  aska, "  Has 
the  Soul  of  ail  sotils  seen  fit  to  shed 
his  light  only  on  some  score  of  men! — 
In  all  ages,  from  the  dawn  of  time  to 


ihia  n 


L   all  1 


the  spirit  of  God,  his  energy  and  sub- 
stance,  have  flowed  into  the  soul,  as  tbs 

rain  falls  in  all  lands." 

Now  to  men   there   oan  be  but  one 


OMre  exalted  his  God.     His  own  cul-  kind  ai  inspiration ;   it  is  the  intuition, 

ture  and  discipline  are  a  revelation  of  or  direct  and  immediate  pereeptiOD  of 

Divinity.     He  apprehends  the  divine  Truth,  in  some  important  mods;    for 

character  as  he  apprehends  his  own.  eiample,  religima   at   moral   Trpth." 
Humanity  is  tbe  glass  ofDivinilyjerpe-         ,     .      "There  can  be  but  onemo^e 

Tienee  of  the  soul  ia  a  revelation  of  of  inspiration  ;    it  is  the  felt  and  ac- 

God."     Sometimes  all  are  God;  some-  knowledged  presence  of   the  Highest 

times  God  is  nature— God  i«  man.    A  in  the  soul,  imparting  His  Truth  ; — the 

toriter  whom  we  have  before  qnoted,  in  consciotia  presertce  of  Him— «a  trnlk, 

a  little  work  on  "  Natnre,"  Says  :  "  Ka-  eharity,  justice,  hollBesa  or  love,  infus- 

lare  is  not  fixed  but  fluid.     Spirit  alters,  iag  himself  into  the  soul  and  giving  it 

moolda,  makes  it.    A  corre^Mmdent  new  life  1" 

revolulion  in  things  will  attend  the  in-        Whatneed,then,ofaSavioart  WTw* 

anx  of  the  Spirit  (ioto  man).     So  fast  teed  of  a  Mediator  any  morel      Te 

wUl  diaagreeable  appearances  swim, —  qnote   again  the  words  of  Cotuia : — 

tifiAKt*,    swJtea,    pests,    mnd-hoiises,  "  Reawra"  (whieh  he  call*  "  the  rere*!- 


tM4.]         Bpirit  and  TendeTteiet  of  the  Neie  School  of  Philotephy.  91 

ed  fiiocl  of  the  haman  race"),  "  Reason  of  this  article.    A  nriter  •nhota  we 

ia  the  ueoeasary  mediator  between  God  quoted  before  on  the  enbjecl  of  Germaik 

•nd  man, — the  Word  made  fleah,  which  lileralure,  aajB  :     "  !□  point  of  freah- 

aerres  as  the  inlerpieler  of  God,  and  nem,  it  haa  no  cqcal  aint^e  the  days  of 

the  teacher  of  man,-— divine  and  human  Sophocles.      Who   ahall    match   with 

at  the  same  time."     Tha  author  whom  Wieland,  and  Leasing,  the  Schlegela — 

we  have  jnat  qaoled  on  the  atihject  of  Herder,  ao  aweet  and  beautiful — Jean 

ioipiiation,  in  speaking  of  the  founder  Paul, Tieck, and  Schi]leT,andGoe(faef 

of  Chiistianit;,  remarka  :     "  Wheiber  We  need   not  tnenlion   lesser  namea, 

Aeie  ate  future  Cbiista  in  the  infinite  nor  add  more  of  their  eq'iala."     Now, 

diatance,  but  nobler  than  he,  now  on  all  these,  and  nutneions  otbeta  beside, 

their  way  to  the  eatth,  ia  known  onlj  who  are  extenaitely  read  in  this  coun- 

te  Him  who   poaeeasea   the  riddle  of  try  and  all  ever  Europe,  are  more  01 

-destiny,"  Ac.    The  same  writer  says —  leea  tinctnred  with  the  "  new  philoeo- 

"  There  can  tie  but  one  (M(,  or  crii*n'o«  pby."     There  arc  other  more  popular 

of  inspiration :  the  truth  of  the  thought,  lecturers  and  writers  than  those  quoted,    , 

feelings,    or  doctrines."      Hence   the  in   tkU  country,  who  apeak  out,  too, 

viowof  miracles,  held  bj  the  neophytes  more  plainly  uid  bluntly,  from  whom 

of  the  Transcendental  school.     Speak-  we   have   extracted    nothing.      From 

ing  of  the  Chrittian  miractea,  a  distin-  pulpits  and  professorial  chairs,  aa  well 

guiahed  divine  says :  "  They  teach  us  as  from  private  studies,  does  its  voice 

dtat  the  mightiest  foroe  ia  nature, — the  eome. 

anergy  to  which  all  thing*  are,  by  the  Butwearepassingbeyond  thereason- 

•onstuiiLion  of  nature,  subordinate, — is  able  bounda  of  a  single  essay,  and  we 

spiritual  foree  :  that  this  power  resides,  will  therefore  eonelude  these  remarka 

to  an  unknown  extent,  in  the  bosom  of  with  alluding  to   one   other   practical 

man,. and,  under  certain  conditions,  will  tendency  of  modern  philoaophy — a  ten- 

aaaert   its   supremacy."     An   English  dency,  perhapa,  that  has  leaa  about  it 

Tranaeendenialist  whom  we  quoted  be-  to  be  criticised  or  condemned  than  any 

fore,  wriiea  : — "  To  that  Dutch  king  of  other.     The  doctrines  of  spiritualisia 

Siam,  an   icicle  had  been  a  miracle  ;  we   have  been  discuasing  lead  as   to 

whosD  had  carried  with   him   an  air-  place  a  high  value  upon   man  ;    and, 

Eomp,  and  phial  of  vitriolic  ether,  might  wherever  it  inspires  aod  influences  the 

ave  worked  a   miracle,"  &c.      The  affections  and  the  heart,  inducea  a  wide 

author  of  the   "Sayings"   declares —  benevolence,  an  enlarged  humanity,  a 

"  To  apprehend  a  miracle,  a  man  must  Christian  democracy.      And   we   call 

first  have  wrought  it.     He  knows  only  this   the   philanthropic   tendency.      A 

what  he  has  lived,  and  iolerprete  all  tendency  not  only  to  believe  that 
facts   in  the  light  of  hia  experience. 

Miracles  are  spiritual  experiences,  not  "  Our  neighbor  is  the  snfTerins  man, 

feats  of  legerdemain,  nor  freaks  of  na-  Though  at  the  fiinhepi  pole;" 

We  have  said  enough  to  show  what  but,  to  look  upon  the  vilest  and  moat 

is  the  religious   tendency   of  modern  abandoned  sinner  as,  equally  with  oor- 

pbilOBOphy.      Our    space    has   hardly  selves,  possessed  of  a  divine  essence — 

permitted  US  to  give  more  than  a  car-  sons  of  the  same  Father. 

aory  examination  of  the  subject ;  and  Says  one,  whosn  faith  in  humanity 

it  may  be  aaid,  that  these  quotations  was  perhaps  his  distinguishing  charao- 

are  from  a  sm^l  number  of  authors,  teristic — the  lamented  Dr.  Channing^- 

Kttle  read,  and  of  no  extenaive  inSu-  "  Indeed,  every  man,  in  every  condi- 

enoe.     In  this  country  there  are,  com-  tion,  is  great.     It  is  only  our  diseased 

panlively  speaking,  as   yet,  but  few  sight  which  makes  him  little.     A  man 

writers  of  the  etaea,  we  confess  ;  but  ia  great  as  a  man,  be  he  when  or  what 

tiie  inflaence  of  these  writers,  we  ap-  be  may.    The  grandeur  of  his  nature 

prebend,    ia   more   extensive   than    ia  turns  to  insignilicance  ail  outward  dis- 

^eially    imagined,    especially    with  tinclions."     iViTro^ij,  a  name  tor  a  fa- 

.1 1. g  coming  forward  into  the  vorite,  beautiful  German  author,  writes : 


world  to  fill  iiB  offices ;  and  this  infln-  "  There  ta  but  one  temple  in  the  world, 

enoe  is  increasing  ovi —  -■ — "  — ■*  "■— •  ' '-  ^-  ->  -  '    ■      - 

asthat  of  kindred  spi  ^,  ^      „^.. 

to  whom  we  referred  in  a  former  part  Ws  inueh  God  whan  we  lay  our  hands 


Google 


^r 


Spirit  and  Tendeneie*  of  the  JVew  Scieet  of  PkUMOfhf.        [J^T, 


on  mhumanbody."  "Allinen" — with- 
oat  diatinctioQ  uf  rank,  sex,  color,  pur- 
suit— ate  great ;  all  "who  posaeas  the 
diTino  powers  of  the  aoul."  Hence 
the  movement  to  abolish  var,  skTery, 
and  intemperance.  The  life  of  the 
meanest  uuui  is  loo  valuable  to  be  the 
tool  of  a  laskmaBler,  or  the  plaything 
rf  (tarliJte  leaders  and  princes.  The 
beggar  has  as  priceless  a  jewel  hidden 
under  his  rags  as  an  emperoi  conceals 
within  his  robes  of  woven  gold.  The 
poorest  Bubjeot  is  %b  precious  as  the 
king  on  hia  throne.  Isot  what  a  man 
hai — whether  of  fortune,  lea.tniiig, 
friends,  oi  repniation — but  what  he  is, 
makes  him  great ;  that  is,  his  man- 
hood. Hence  rcforjns,  to  assist  and 
elevate  the  weak,  the  sulTering,  and 
the  sinful,  become  fashionable,  and  de- 
mocracy spreads  tlirough  the  world 
like  wildfire.  Hence  the  fetters  of  the 
slave  are  broken,  and  the  drunkard  is 
raised  from  the  rum-shop  and  the  gut- 
ter. The  name  and  funn  of  man  are 
the  highest  title  and  stamp  of  nobility. 
The  prince  is  nolhing ;  and  however 
wise  and  excellent,  he  must  fall  because 
he  is  a  prince  and  not  a  man  ;  because 
he  dares  to  suppose  a  greater  title  than 
humanity.  Hence  French  revolutions ; 
hence  that  rabid  pseudo-democtacj, 
which,  forgetting  that  spiritual  and  in- 
tellectual development  is  the  only  thing 
that  gives  manhood  its  character  and 
distinction,  would  degrade  to  the  lowest 
level  the  wisest,  the  noblest,  and  the 
beet — those  most  truly  deserving  the 
pame  of  man.  Hence  kings  are  pulled 
from  their  thrones ;  the  thrones  totter, 
and  palaces  are  levelled  with  the  dust. 
Bnt  on  these  and  kindred  topics,  how- 
ever desirous  of  dilating,  ourproposed 
limits  forbid  a*  to  dwelt.  While  we 
confess  to  a  slight  jealousy  of  making 
Blavery  the  greatest  evil,  and  the  slave 
the  most  important  of  hnman  beings ; 
entire  abstinence  from  liquid  stimulants 


In  eoncInaioD.  To  the  nltt*  and 
bigoted  cotuervative,  to  the  oppo«er  of 
bU  new  views,  the  enemy  of  all  that  ie 
modem  in  philosophy  and  literature, 
we  would  say  :  "  tlare  faith  in  man. 
While  wedded  to  the  great  truths  time 
has  proved  inralual^e,  and  to  the  noUe 
institutions  of  the  past,  be  careftil  not 
to  oherish,  with  injudicious  and  iodis- 
criminate  aOection,  the  errors  and  eor< 
ruptions  that  but  mar  and  disfigure  (heii 
excellence  ;  nor,  holding  on  with  too 
obstinate  tenacity  to  the  pillars  joui 
fathers  set  up  to  mark  the  rise  of  the 
tide,  allow  the  river  of  Truth,  aa  it 
swells  higher  and  higher,  to  overwhelm 
you  in  its  rushing  waters.^'  To  the 
ultra  reformer,  the  exclusive  admirer 
of  the  new  philosophy  :  "  While  with 
ardent  enthusiasm  you  advance  onward 
and  upward,  with  the  banner  of  pro- 
gress in  your  hand,  to  new  heighta  «f 
spiritual  ibonght  and  life,  despise  not 
neither  forget  the  steps  your  fttbera 
have  hewn  fur  yon  to  ascend.  Ke- 
member  that  another  age  may  leave 
your  boasted  advancement  far  behind 
It,  and  what  now  is  the  front  rank  of 
progress  and  reform  will  be  the  extreme 
stronghold  of  conservatism." 

We  conclude  as  we  began,  with  » 
steady  faith  in  humftn  progress.  In 
(he  language  of  the  sainted  Cbaooiog, 
"Add  but  ttiat  element,  eternity,  to 
man's  progress,  and  the  results  of  his 
existence  surpass  not  only  human  bnt 
angelic  thought.  Give  me  tliis,  and 
the  future  glory  of  the  human  mind 
becomes  to  me  aa  ineompreheneible  as 
God  himself.  .  .  .  We  wonder, 
indeed,  when  we  are  told  that  one  day 
we  shall  be  as  the  angela  of  God.  1 
apprehend  that  as  great  a  wonder  hu 
been  realized  alre:uly  on  the  earth.  I 
apprehend  that  the  distance  between 
the  mind  of  Newton  and  of  a  Hottentot 
may  have  been  aa  great  as  between 


the  noblest  hero  ;  the  books  "  written 
down"  to  children  the  most  valuable 
Uterataie  ;  and  childhood  itself  the  all- 
absorbiofl  caie,  and  namefor  perfection ; 
yet  we  bless  God,  that  the  true  love 
for  our  neighbor,  the  regard  for  all  men 
as  our  brethren—as  a  pait  of  out  own 
sools,  the  spirit  of  Jesus's  life  and  Je- 
•ns's  precepts  is  gaming  ground  io  the 
great  heart  of  the  world. 


"X°: 


1  <  There  is 
Ktldest  antici- 
pation. We  may  truly  become  ona 
with  Christ,  a  partaker  of  that  celetlial 
mind.  He  is  truly  our  brother — one 
of  oar  family.  Let  us  make  him  our 
constant  model." 

Yes !  faithless  is  he  that  Iruats  not 
there  it  something  higher  and  noUer 
in  this  life  of  ours  than  he  baa  yel 
dreamed  of  in  bis  wiMesl  imagioiogs. 


lizcdbyGooi^le 


MM.] 


A  SELECT  PARTY. 

■r  HlTBAinU  RAWTBOBMB. 

A  Mm  of  FuMj  made  *d  eatertaia-  At  the  kptMiDi«d  hoar,  the  bojt  alooA 

ment  at  one  of  hu  oaatlea  in  tho  air,  in  kia  great  saloon  to  receire  the  com- 

aiMl  invited  a  aelect  numbec  of  dintin-  pany.    It  waa  a  raat  and  noble  room, 

Eished  personagea  to  ^Tor  liim  with  Iha  vaulted  ceiling  of  which  waa  aop- 

sitpTeaenee.    The  manaion,  1  bough  ported  b;  doable  lowa  of  giganlie  pu- 

lesa  iplendid  than  many  that  have  been  lara,  that  had  been  hewn  entire  out  of 

aitnated  in  the  same  region,  was,  never-  maieea  of  variegated  clouda.     So  brU- 

theleas,  of  a  magnificence    auch  ae  is  liantly  were  they  poliahed,  and  so  ex- 

Mldom  witoeaaed  by  tfaoee  acquainted  qniaiteljr    wnoght   bj   the    eculptor'a 

«nlf  with  terteMcial  arobitectare.    Ita  ^ill,  aa  to  reeemblo  the  fiaeat  Bp«cl- 

stnMig  foaDdatioDa  and  maaaire  walls  meoa  of  emerald,  porphyry,  opt],  and 

wen  quarried  oat  of  a  ledge  of  heavy  ohrjsolite,  thua  piodacing  a  delicat* 

and  BOBdwe  olouda,  which  had  hang  richneaaof  effhct,whieb  ilMii  immenae 

broodiog  over  the  earth,  apparently  as  aise  reodeted   not   incompaiibte  with 

dense  and  ponderooa  aa  ita  own  granite,  grandeur.    To  each  of  these  pillars  a 

thioughont    a   whole    antamnal    day.  meteor  waa  suspended.    Thousands  of 

PeroeiTing  that  lbs  general  efiect  waa  these  ethereal  lustres  are  conrinnallj 

fdootny — so  that  the  airy  caalle  looked  wandering  about  the  flrmament,  burning 

klw  a  feudal  fottreaa,  ot  a  moDatteij  of  out  to  waste,  yet  capable  of  imparting 

the  middle  age*,  or  a  state-prison  of  a  useful  radiance  to  any  person  who 

oar  own  timea,  rather  than  the  bmne  of  has  the  art  of  eoDveniog  them  to  do- 

rieasore  and  repose  which  he  intended  meetio  purposes.     Aa  managed  in  the 

U  to  be — the  owner,  regardleaa  of  ex-  aaloon,  they  are  &r  more  economioa] 

CB,  resolved  to  gild  the   exterior  than  ordinary  Ismp-light.    Snch,  how* 

top  to  bottom,     rottanately,  there  ever,  was  the  iatenaitj  of  their  blace, 

waa  just  then  a  flood  of  evening  snn-  that  it  had  been  found  expedient  to 

ihiite  io  the  air.    Thia  being  gathered  cover   eaeh  meteor  with  a  glebe  of 

ap  and  poared  abundantly  npoD  the  roof  evening  mist,  thereby  mnflling  the  too 

and  wwa,  imbued  them  with  a  kind  of  potent  glow,  asd  sooihiug  it  into  a  mild 

Mrfemn  eheeifnlness ;  while  the  eupolaa  and  comfortable  splendor.    It  was  lik* 

and  pinnacles  were  made  to  glitter  with  the  brilliancy  of  a  powerful,  yet  cl 


the  bnreat  goM,  and  all  the  hnodied  eued,  imagioation ;  alight  whiobseem- 

wiitwws  giMmed  with  a  glad  ligfaii  as  if  ed  to  hida  whatever  waa  unworthy  to 

the  ediAce  itaelf  were  rejoicing  in  its  be  noticed,  and  give  effect  to   everr 

heait.    And  dow,  if  the  people  of  the  beautiful  and  noble    atlribate.      The 

lower  wortd  ebaoeed  to  be  looking  up-  gneots,  therefore,  aa  they  advanced  «p 

ward,  out  of  the  tormotl  of  their  petty  the  centre  of  the  aaloon,  appeared  to 

peqdesitiea,  tba^  pfobaUy  mietook  ibe  better  advantage  than  ever  befbre  in 

easUe  io  the  ait  for  a  heap  of  sonset  their  livee. 

cloods,  to  which  the  magie  of  light  sod  The  first  that  entered,  with  old-tash- 

dwde  bad  imparted  the  aq>ec(  of  a  Ian-  ioned  pnnotnality,  was  a  venerable  Sg- 

taatioaUr  coostnieted   mantiso.      To  nre  in  the  costume  of  by-gone  days, 

sash  beholdeis  it  was  unrea},  beeanse  with  his  white  hair  flowing  down  over 

they  lacked  the  im^inative  laith.  Had  his  shoulders,  and  a  reverend  beard 

they  been  worthy  to  pass  within  its  por-  upon  his  breast.     He  leaned  upon  a 

tal,  they    woald   Iwve   recognised   the  auS,  the  tremnlons  stroke  of  whiah,aa 

tieth,  that  the  dominions   wbioh  the  he  set  it  carefully  npon  the  floor,  re- 

B^rit  conquers  for  itMlf  among  unreal-  eokoed  through  the  saloon  at  every  fbot- 

ilies,  beooma  a  thooaaad  times  more  step.     Reeoguising  at  once  thia  oete- 

nal  than  the  earth  whereon  tbey  atainp  brated  personage,  whom  it  bad  eoat  him 

^eir  feet,  saying,  "  Thia  is  solid  and  a  vast  deal  of  Iroubla  and  research  to 

i»blanlial !— ^hia   may   ha   called   a  diaeovet,   the    host    advanced   nearij 

fiiet!"  three-fborths  of  tha  diKaaea,  down  b^ 
roL.  XT. — MO.  Lxtnt             3 


Google 


^-m 


■    -3 

I'    :'? 


tweM  ibe  pi]kn,ta  mMt  ud  weloom 
"Venerable   air,''  said  the   Man  of 


were  m;  teim  of  eiiateace 
happilj  prolODgFd  ui  joni  own." 

The  old  Kenllemam  teceived  (he  com- 
bliment  iHtb  giaeioaa  eaDdeaceDaioii ; 
he  then  ihrnitt  up  hi*  speclaclea  otci 
hU  fbrehead,  soa  appeared  to  take  a 
critical  SDTTe;  of  the  saloon. 

"  Neier,  wilhia  mj  lecollection," 
obaerred  he,  "  ba«e  I  entered  a  more 
spaciona  and  coble  hall.  Bnt  are  jou 
•are  that  it  ia  built  of  solid  mateiials, 
and  that  the  atnctuie  wilt  be  panua- 


''  Oh,  nevei  fear,  u;  venerable 
friend,"  replied  the  boat.  "In  refer- 
ence to  a  lifetime  liLe  jonr  own,  it  ia 
tme,  mj  castle  ma-j  well  be  called  a 
tenpoiary  ediGce.  But  it  will  endim 
long  enough  to  aoawer  all  the  purpoaea 
fat  which  It  was  erected." 

Bat  we  forget  that  the  reader  haa 
not  jret  been  made  acquainted  with  Iha 
gueat.  It  was  no  Qiber  tlian  that  uni' 
reieallj  accredited  character,  ao  con- 
stantly tefened  to  in  all  aeasone  of  in- 
tense cold  ar  heat — be  that  Temembers 
the  hot  Sunday  and  tbe  cold  Friday — 
the  witness  of  a  past  aee,  whose  nega- 
dvo  remiuisctaces  find  their  way  into 
BTeiy  newspaper,  yet  whose  antiquated 
and  dusky  abode  is  so  OTerahadowed  by 
accumulated  years,  and  crowded  back 
by  modern  edifices,  thai  noae  but  the 
Mao  of  Fancy  could  have  discovered 
it — it  was,  in  ehoil,  that  iwb-brothei 
of  Time,  and  great- grand  aire  of  man- 
kind, and  hand- and -gloTo  aeeoc'nie  of 
all  forgotten  men  ana  thiugs,  the  Oldest 
Inhabitant!  The  host  would  willingly 
bare  drawn  him  into  conrersation,  but 
aucceeded  only  ia  eliciting  a  few  re- 
niBThs  as  lo  the  oppressive  almospliere 
of  this  present  aumraer  evening,  com- 
pared with  one  which  the  guest  had  ex- 
perienced, about  fQur-BCOco  years  ego. 
^e  old  gentleman,  in  fact,  was  a  good 
deal  overcome  by  his  iaurncj  among 
tbe  clouds,  which,  to  a  fiame  so  eoith- 
inciaated  by  long  conliouance  in  a  low- 
er region,  was  unavoidably  mote  fa- 
tiguina  than  to  younger  spirits.  He 
was  uwiefote  conducted  to  an  eaay- 
cbair,  well  cndiioned,  aod  aluSed  with 
vanotons  softnesa,  and  left  to  take  a 
litUfl  lepoM. 


tJily, 


Tbe  Man  of  fancy  now  d 
another  guest,  who  Biood  so  quietly  in 
tbe  shadow  of  one  of  (he  lullan,  timt 
he  misht  easily  have  been  overlooked. 

"  tij  dear  air,"  exclaimed  the  twvt, 
grasping  bim  warmly  by  the  hand, "  al- 
low me  ta  p«et  yon  as  the  hero  of  Ifaa 
evening.  Pray  do  not  take  it  ■■  no 
enpty  coa^liitttDt  i  Ibr  if  tbet«  wer* 
D«  another  gneK  in  niyeaaUe,  itwosld 
be  entirsiy  pervaded  with  yov  piw. 

"  I  thank  yon,"  answered  tbe  nnpra- 
teudiug  Bttanger, "  bni,  tkon^  yo«  hap- 
pened to  overlook  me,  I  have  not  juaA 
aiiived.  I  cane  very  early,  and|  with, 
yoor  permisHaa,  ahall  reauin  after 
the  rest  of  the  eanpany  h«vc  retired." 
And  who  doea  the  reader  imkgiiM 
was  this  nnofatmsive  guest  1  It  n» 
the  faroona  jwrformer  of  aekavwiadgMl 
impoaatbiliuen ;  a  cbarmeter  of  phwi- 
hnman  capaeiiy  and  viitott,  and,  if  his 
enemien  are  to  be  credited,  «t  b»  )ea« 
remarkable  weakneaaes  aad  defeeta. 
With  a  geoerodiy  of  which  be  ahata 
sets  us  the  example,  «e  will  ghactt 
metely  at  bis  nobler  aUrifantaa.  He  it 
is,  then,  who  prefers  ilie  interests  of 
others  to  his  own,  and  an  bnmUe  alatiaa 
to  an  exalted  one.  Careless  of  fnahioo. 
custom,  tbe  opinioM  of  mem,  and  tke 
influence  of  the  press,  he  noainilaies 
his  life  to  the  standard  of  ideal  TOoti- 
tode,  and  tbaa  prorea  himenlf  the  eaa 
independent  oiiiien  of  our  free  eonnlry. 
Id  point  of  ability,  many  people  doolare 
bim  to  be  the  only  mathematieian  capa- 
ble of  squariag  the  circle ;  the  only 
mechsBic  aoqu&inted  with  the  prinaipla 
of  perpetual  niDtion ;  the  only  soiewtifio 
pbuoaopber  who  ean  compel  watar  to 
run  np  hill ;  the  only  writer  of  the  age 
whose  genins  is  eqnal  to  the  praduetieii 
of  an  epic  poena  ;  and,  finally — so  vsri- 
ona  are  his  accomplishmsnta — tbe  only 
proffssor  of  gyninaslics  who  has  suc- 
ceeded in  Jumping  down  his  owo  throat. 
With  all  these  talents,  however,  he  is 
M  far  fiom  being  considered  a  member 
of  good  Bocieiy,  ihat  it  is  the  severest 
cemurfi  of  any  fashionable  asaemtdag«, 
to  aSiim  that  this  remarkaUo  individnal 
was  pMsent.  Pablio  orators,  leeturera. 
and  theatrical  peribmers,  partleulai^ 
eschew  his  company.  For  eapaeial 
reasoos,  we  are  not  at  liberty  to  dia- 
olose  his  name,  and  shall  meatioa 
mly  one  other  trait — a  roost  singslu 


lizcdbyGooi^le 


lew.]                                        A  S*Uet  Pmiy.  SS 

wk»B  bo  tM^peoB  to  etat  tiia  eyoa  upon  Fkocy,  that  Ins  vaa«nble  ftnd  moek 

» lo^ins-glMS,  he  bdutlda  Nobody  re-  respected  gttest  had  met  with  ••  con- 

fleoted  iBera  !  Ksnial  ma  uaooiftts.     GotreBtiii^  ihem 

Sflvenl  ether  gneata  now  made  their  both  M  make  thenMeUes  perfectly  at 

appoarance,  and  smoiig  them,  cbatter-  home,  he  new  tnmed  to  recelTB  tin 

ns  with  imineoM  TolalHJit]',  a  briak  Wandeiiag    Jew.       This    pwaonagA, 

tUue  geiMleman  of  DDirerMl  regae  in  however,  had  latterly  grown  so  com- 

ptirate   aociety,  and  not  uaknawn  in  iBon,  by  rainBling  in  all  Borta  of  (ocietj, 

the  ppblic  joamala,  nnder  the  title  of  and  appearing  at  the  beck  of  ereiy  «»•   ' 

Honaieur  On-Dit.    The  nanw  wouki  tortainer,    that    he    coald    hardly   btt 

aeem.ta   indicate  a  Frea^iiian;  but,  deemed  a  proper  guest  in  a  very  oxehl- 

whaterer  be  his  coontry,  he  is  tho-  aive  circle.     Beaides,  b«Bfl:  eorared 

KWghly  versed  in  all  the  languages  of  with  dust  from   I>ls  continual  i      ' 

an  exprSBS  I '       >•     '--  >     _  .i .  ,  i_i . 

as  much  to  the  purpoae  ii        „ 

in  any  other  tongue.     No  Boonar  were  partyi  ■□  that  the  host  felt  relLered  of 

tite  ceremonies  of  salutation  orer,  than  an  iDcemmodity,  when  the  restless  in- 

ihia    taJkatiTe    little    person    put  his  dividual  in  qneation,  after  a  brief  stay, 

moath  to  the  host's  ear,  and  wiuspered  took  hta  dapartare  on  a  ramble  towarda 

three  secrets  of  slate,  an  iatpottant  Ore^n. 

pies*  of  cotamercial  intelligence,  and  a  The  portal  wai  now  thnngad  by  ■ 

rich  item  of  fashiooable  scandal.    He  Crowd  of  shadowy  people,  with  whom 

then  saaured  the  Man  of  Fancy  that  he  the  Haa  of  Faocy  had  been  aoenaintad 

would  not  fail  to  circulate  in  the  so-  in  his  viaionaiy  yoDth.     He  iiad  in* 

oiety  of  the  lower  world  a  minate  de-  viied  thein  hither  for  the  sake  of  oh* 

■oriplion  of  this  magnificent  castle  in  serving    how     they    would    eompsrv, 

the  air,  and  of  the  fealirities  at  which  whether  advantagoonaly  or  otherwiaer 

he  had  the  honor  to  be  el  guest.    So  with  the  real  ehsractera  to  wh<xu  hi* 

saying.  Monsieur  On-l>it  made  hia  bow  maturer  lile  had  inlrodaeed  him.    They 

and  hurried  from  one  to  another  of  the  were  beings  of  crude  imagiaatioD,  suck 

company,  with  all  of  whom  be  seemed  as  glide  before  a  young  man's  eye,  sad 

to  be  acquainted,  and  to  posaesa  aotne  petend  to  be  aelual  inhabitants  of  tha 

topio  of  interest  or    amoaement   for  earth ;  the  wise  and  witty,  with  whom 

every  indiiidual.     Coming  at  laat  to  be  wonid  hereaflar  hold  interconrse ; 

theOldeatlnhabitantiwhowaaslamber-  the genereos and  heroic  friends,  whoav 

iog  comfortably  in  the  easy  chair,  he  devotion  would  be  requited  with  hia 

applied  his  moath  to  that  venerable  own ;  the  beautiful  dream- woman,  who 

'«ar.  would  become  the  help^mate  of  hia 

"What  do  you  suy?"  cried  the  M  baaaa  toils  and  sorrows,  and  atones 

gentleman,  starling  fiom  his  nap,  and  the  source  and  partaker  of  his  happi- 

puiting  up  his  hand  to  serve  the  pur*  nesa.    Alas  1  it  is  not  good  for  tite  foil 

pose  of  an  ear-tiumpet.  grown  man  to  lodt  ton  ejosely  at  thste 

Monsieur  On-Dil  bent  forward  again,  old  acquaintances,  but  rather  to  rever- 

and  repeated  his  eommunication.  ence  them  at  a  distance,  thioogh  the 

"  Never,  within  my  mefnary,"  ex-  medium  of  years  tiiat  have  gathered 

claimed  the  Oldest  Inhabitant,  lifting  duskily  between.     There  was  aome- 

his  hands  in  astoniahment,  "  has  so  re-  thing  laughably  untrue  in  their  pomp- 

raarkabte  an  incident  been  heard  of."  ous  stride  and  exaggerated  Mntiment; 

Now   came    in    the   Clerk    of   the  they  were  neither  huraan,  nor  tolerabto 

Weather,  who  had  been  invited  out  of  likeDessSs  of  hnmsaily,  but   fantastio 

deference  to    his  oSicial  station,  al-  masquers,  resdering  heroism  and  nature 

though  the  host  was  well  aware  ihal  alike  rnlioulous  by  the  grave  absurdity 

his  conversation  was  likely  to  contri-  of  their  pretensions  to  soeh  altribntea. 

bate  but  little  to  the  general  enjoyment.  And  as  for  the  peerless  dream-lady, 

He  soon,  indeed,  got  into  a  corner  with  behold '.  there  advanoed  up  the  saloon, 

his  acqaaintauce  of  tong  ago,  the  Oldest  with  a  meveoienl  like  a  painted  doU,  a 

Inhabitant,  and  began  to  coropare  notes  sort  of  wax  figure  of  an  angel — a  eraa- 

vrith  him  in  refereaoe  to  the  peat  lure  as  cold  aa  mooDahine — an  artitofl 

I,  gales  of  wind,  and  other  atraos-  in  petticoats,  with  an  intellect  of  pretty 


s  eaaHuy  past.    It  lejoieed  the  Man  of   lieaTt— yet,  ia  aU  ibeae  partionlan,  tto 


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tns  typo  oT  ft  T<i«v  maii'B  ia»g;iii>Tj 
mislreM.  Hirdljr  coald  the  boot's 
punctiliana  conrteij  roitiftia  ft  smile, 
ma  he  paid  hii  mpeota  to  this  nniealitf, 
■nd  met  the  aeaiirneDial  gluioB  wUh 
which  the  Dreim  sought  to  ramind  bin 
of  their  fonner  lore-pMUgea. 

"  No,  no,  fail  lady,"  munnund  be, 
*  belniit  nghiog  and  arailiag ;  "  mj 
laate  is  ehanged !  I  hive  lesroed  to 
lore  whit  Nainie  miJces,  better  tban 
my  own  creations  in  the  guiae  of  wo- 
BMbood." 

''Ah,  false  one !"  abrieked  the  dreftm- 
ladj,  pieteodiag  to  biot,  bat  diaaoliing 
iDto  thio  air,  out  of  whiob  eame  the  de- 
plotable  moraftar  of  bet  Toiee— ^'  you 
UMonetMicy  baa  annihilsted  me !" 

"  So  be  it,"  aaid  the  eniel  Han  of 
FftDcy  to  himself—"  and  ft  good  rid' 
dance, too !" 

Together  with  these  ahadowt,  aad 
fitmi  the  aame  region,  there  IimI  come 
ftn  nniatited  multitude  of  ahapea<wbicb, 
at  any  time  duriiw  bis  life  hM  tormeot- 
ed  the  Man  of  FanGy  in  hia  roooda  of 
morbid  melaocbdy,  or  liad  hanntad  btm 
is  tbe  delirium  of  ferer.  The  walla  of 
bia  eaatlo  in  the  air  were  not  desae 
enough  to  keep  them  out ;  not  would 
the  strongeat  of  earthly  srebiteetDre 
ba*e  availed  to  their  eKoloakm.  Here 
were  tboae  forma  of  dire  terror,  which 
had  beset  him  at  tba  entrance  of  lih, 
waiging  warfare  with  hia  hopes.  Here 
were  Mrange  nglineaaes  of  earlier  date, 
■oeh  as  hamit  obildren  in  the  ni^t 
time.  He  waa  particularly  startled  by 
lbs  Tinon  of  a  defbnned  old  black  wo- 
man, wbom  he  imagiued  as  lurking  io 
tbe  garret  of  hia  imUtb  home,  and  who, 
when  he  was  an  inbnt,  bad 


bteek  shadow,  with  otfaers  almoat  aa 
bideoua,  now  glided  amoog  tbe  pillara 
of  the '  luagnifieetit  saloon,  grinning 
raoognition,  mtil  (be  man  abnddereS 
anew  at  tba  fcrgouen  terrors  of  his 
ehildhood.  Il  eaosed  him,  howerer, 
to  ohaerre  the  hlaek  woman,  witb  tba 


OldeU  InhaJnlaat,  sod  peep  into  hia 
lialf-dreamy  mind. 

"  Never  wiiUn  my  nemory,"  mut- 
tered that  veneraUe  persoaagetagbaM, 
"  did  I  see  snob  »  faoa !" 

Almost  immediately  after  dte  unreal- 
ities just  desoribad.  ■rrived  a  number 
'  *     »  issdoia 


Part,.  [Jidf . 

may  be  inetifled  to  rank  e^nslly  smoar 
oreatDrea  of  imaginatioa.  The  moot 
noteworthy  were  an  incompiibls  Pa- 
triot ;  a  &:holar  without  pedantry  ;  ft 
Prieat  wilhont  worldly  ambition,  and  K 
Beautiful  Woman  witheot  pride  at  co- 
quetry ;  a  Uarried  Puir,  whoee  life  bad 
BSTer  been  disturbed  by  incongruity  of 
ieeHng ;  a  Reformer,  untrammelled  by 
bia  theory  ;  and  a  Poet,  who  felt  do 
iealouBT  towaida  other  votaries  of  tbo 
lyre.  In  tnUh,  however,  the  boat  wao 
iKit  one  of  the  cynics  who  eonuder 
ihess  patterns  of  exeellenea,  wilbovt 
tbe  fatal  &ftw,auch  rarities  is  the  world ; 
and  be  bad  isviled  them  lo  his  select 
patty  chiefly  out  of  humble  defereBco 
la  the  judgment  of  society,  which  pro- 
■MMtnces  thcMi  slmost  impassible  to  be 

"In  my  yoonger  days,"  obaerrftd 
lbs  Oldest  Inhabitant, "  sucb  cfaaraoton 
might  be  seen  at  tbe  eomar  of  every 
atreel." 

Be  that  aa  it  might,  theae  apecimeos 
of  perfection  proved  to  be  Mrt  half  so 


tbe  ordinary  aHowaaee  of  anhs. 
But  now  ^ipesred  a  atrsoger,  wbook 


dian,  witb  an  abundance  of  eoortesy 
irolavished  on  any  olber,  bo  haatoaed 
down  the  whole  length  of  the  aslooD, 
in  order  to  pay  him  emphatie  boBor. 
Yet  he  was  a  young  maa  la  pooraltiie, 
with  no  isaignis  of  rsnk  or  seknow- 
ledged  emineace,  not  aaythtag  lo  distil 

Siiah  him  smong  Uie  crowd  except  a 
^,  white  forehead,  beneath  which  a 
pair  of  deq^-set  eyes  were  Rowing  with 
wann  light.  It  was  sach  a  light  as 
never  illnminates  ike  earth,  ^va  when 
a  great  heart  horns  as  tbe  boosebold 
fire  of  a  grand  intellect.  And  irira 
was  he !  Who,  bat  the  Master  Genius, 
for  whan  out  country  is  looking  snz- 
iously  into  the  mist  of  tiuK,  as  destined 
to  fulfil  the  great  mission  of  crefttioK 
an  American  literature,  hewing  il,  as  it 
were,  o«i  of  the  unwrongbl  granite  of 
our  iittellecinal  qoaniea.  From  bin, 
wbeUicr  moukled  in  tbe  form  ^  an 
epie  poem,  or  assuming  a  guise  allo- 
gotber  new,  as  the  s]Hrit  itaeir  may  de- 
termine, we  are  to  receive  oar  first 
neat  origipal  work,  vriiich  shall  do  sU 
Wist  remains  to  be  achieved  for  onr  rlo- 
ry  among  tbe  natimis.  How  this  cbild 
(i(aiaq;h(y  destiny  had  been  diseoTsr- 
ed  fay  tba  Hui  of  Fancy,  it  is  of  liKlo 


U44.1                                            A  aa*et  Ptrlf.  tt 

tint  he  dwell!  u  ya  anhonored  uncmg  aeeni»d  to  be  kequintad  wHk  ererj^ 

mn,  unreoogaiMa  by  thow  who  hftTB  bodj.      "  He  ie  the  repreaaDUtiTe  of 

known  faimfrom  hUondle; — the  noble  PosieritT — themanof  kn^Btooorael" 

eonntensnce,  whioh   ahonld  be  diatii>-  **  And  how  cane  he  heief"  aakedai 

gniilied  by  a  fafUo  diffaaed  aroand  it,  figure  who  wee  evidentlf  the  prototypa 

paaaas  daily  amid  the  throng  of  people,  of  the  fashion-plate  in  a  midline,  and 

toiling  and  troobling  themeelvee  about  might  be  taken  to  repteeent  Aa  Tanittea 

the  trifle*  of  a  moineDt — and  none  pay  of  the  paasing  roomeBt.    "The  fellmr 

rerereeee  to  the  worker  of  immortality,  iafrin^ee  npon  ear  rigbta  by  eoraing  b*> 

Nor  does  it  matter  mnofa  to  him,  in  kue  fore  hie  time." 

(limnph  orer  all  the  a^ee,  Ihoegh  a  "  Bnt    yon  forget  where  we   are/* 

generatieo  or  two  of  hie  own  times  answered  the  Man  of  Faaor,  who  eTn> 

AaU  do  tfaenueUes  the  wrong  to  dis-  heard  the  remaih ;  "  the  lower  eaitk, 

legard  faim.  it  ia  true,  will  be  forbidden  groimd  to 

Bj  this  time,  Honeiear  On-Dit  had  bira  for  many  ton^  years  heooe ;  bnt  « 

-eanght  ap  the  etranger'e  name  and  dee-  castle  in  the  air  is  a  aort  of  no-mu^ 

tiny,  and  was  busily  whispering  the  in-  Issd,  where  Posterity  may  laake  aa- 

tdtvenee  emoeg  the  other  guests.  qnaiDtanee  with  n»  on  equsl  tsnns." 

"Pehaw!"    said    one,  "there    oan  No  eoener  wae  his  ideuitty  knowa, 

never  be  an  Amerieao  Gienine."  than  a  throng  of  gaeate  g^eied  aboot 

"  Pish !"  cried  another,  "  we  have  Poeterity,  all  ezpreaeing  the  OMMt  gem- 

already  as  good  poets  as  any  in  Ibe  eroue  iateresl  in  his  welhre,  and  many 

worid.     For  my  part,  I  desire  to  see  boatting  of  the  eaeiifloea  whioh  thsy 

no  better,"  had  made,  or  were  wiUing  to  make,  m 

And  the  Oldest  lohabitant,  when  it  his  behalf.     Some,  with  as  mneh  aa- 

waa  proposed  to  introdnce  him  to  the  ereey  as  posuble,  desired  hie  JadgmeM 

Haster  Genios,  begged  to  be  excused,  npon  certain  copies  of  Toraea,  or  great 

obaeiTing,  that  a  man  who  had  been  mannacript  rolls  of  prose ;  othma  as- ' 

hmtored    with    tlie    acquaintance    of  eosted  him  with  the  familiarity  of  old 

Dwight,  Freeneau,  and  .Toel   Barlow,  friends,  taking   it  for  granted  that  he 

migb  be  flowed  &  little  anstetitj  of  wae  perfectly  cognisant  of  their  jiamn 

taete.  and  characters.      At  length,  finding 

The  saloon  was  now  fast  filling  qp,  himself  Ihoa  beeet.  Posterity  was  pat 

bf  the  arrival  of  other  reuarliaUe  eha-  quite  beside  his  patieoee. 

Tseters;  among  whom    were   noticed  "  Gentlemen,  my  good  friends,"  mM 

Davy  Joneo,  the  distingaished  naotioal  he,  breaking  loose  froro  a  misty  poet, 

.personage,  aad  a  rade,  carelessly  dress-  who  strove  to  hold  bim  iij  the  button, 

ed,  hanun-searttro  sort  of  elderly  M-  "I  pray  yon  to  attend  to  your  owabosi- 

low,  known   by  the  rvickname  of  Old  neas,  sodleafemetotakeeareof  minel 

Hany.     The  latter,  however,  after  be-  1  expect  to  owe  ron  nothisg,  naless  it 

ing  ahown  to  a  dressing  rooni,  re-ap-  be  certain  national  debts,  and  other  JR- 

pearedwithhie  grey  hair  nicely  combed,  cnmbrsDees  and  impediments,  physieal 

his  clothes  brusbsd,  a  clean  dicky  on  and  moral,  which  I  shall  find  it  troutda- 

hie  neek,  and  altogether  so  ehanged  in  some  enough  to  remove  from  my  path, 

aspect  as  to  merit  the  more  respectful  As  to  your  verses,  pray  read  them  to 

appellation  of  Venerable  Henry.    John  year  DontempotarieB.     YonrnamesarB 

]>De   and  Richard  Roe  came  arm-in-  as  strange  to  roe  aa  your  faoee;   and 

ana,  aecoropanied  by  a  Man  of  Straw,  even  iveie  it  otherwise — let  me  whia- 

a  fiolitions  endorser,  end  several  per-  per  you  a  secTet — the  cold,  ioy  menKXy 

aona  who  had  no  existence  except  ae  which  one generaiioa  majreiainofmn- 

Tolars  in  dosely   cootesled  elections,  other,  is  hut  a  poor  reeompeise  to  bar* 

Tba  eelebrated    Seate&eld,  who  now  ter  life  for.     Vet,  if  your  heart  is  set 

eolored,  was  at  first  supposed  to  belong  on  being  known  to  ne,  the  surest,  ths 

to  ibe  same  bruUierhood,  until  ha  made  only  method,  ie,  to  live  truly  and  wtsely 

h  appatent  that  he  was  a  real  man  of  for  your  own  age,  whereby,  if  the  n*- 

fle^  and   blood,  and   had  hie  earthly  tivo  loree  be  in  yea,  yes  may  likemaa 

'domicile  in  Germany.  Among  the  lateal  lire  for  poeterity !" 

earners,  as  might  reasonably  be  expect-  "  It    is    nonsense,"   momsiad    Ih* 

■ed,  arrived  a  gnest  from  the  far  future.  Oldest  Inhabitant,  wbo,as  a  man  of  tba 

"  Do  yon  know  him  T — do  you  know  paat,  felt  jealous  tiiat  all  notice  ahonid 

JuaV'whi«peiadHDnsieBiOa-Dit,wha  be  withdntwnfnnBhinatlfitobalaTishr 


CTOogfc 


i-  It 


WMte  BO  RUKb  tiiMight  on  wbftt  onlj  is 
to  be!" 

To  diTert  tbQ  miada  of  hia  niesu, 
wbo  veie  cooBideiably  abajb«Nl  oj  this 
littLa  inculeEit,  the  Han  of  Fancy  led 
theni  throDgb  Beveral  ainruneots  of  Ibe 
«utJe,  Kcehiag  tbeir  eompliineDts 
upon  Ilie  taste  %id  varied  magnificenco 
tnat  wete  diaplajed  in  ea«fa.  One  of 
tikcM  rooma  me  filled  vrith  moonJight, 
which  did  riM  enter  throogh  the  win- 
dow, but  waa  the  aggregate  oC  all  the 
Boon-ahiDe  that  ia  Bcaueivd  around  the 
eaith  m  s  aannner  night,  whUe  do  ejea 
m  MMtke  to  enjoy  iu  beattr-  ^^ 
nirita  had  patherod  it  op,  whenrcir 
usy  fovod  It  glesmtog  an  the  bnad 
bMoa  of  k  Ue,  a  ailvarisg  th«  mean- 
d«M  of  a  atrean,  «r  ffUnrnwring  among 
dM  innd-atined  bonglM  at  a  wood,  aid 
hai  ganarad  it  ui  one  apeeioa*  hall. 
Alon^  Um  walls,  iUmniBtfed  by  tii« 
■lild  iBteHiqr  of  the  uooD-shine,  stood 
a  DMihiiade  of  ideal  etatuea,  the  original 
OODeeptiona  of  tbe  great  worka  of  aO' 
eient  or  modom  art,  which  the  aoulptocs 
did  bat  imperfectly  succeed  in  potting 
into  maible.  For  it  ia  not  to  be  anp- 
poasd  that  the  pare  idea  of  an  imntoT- 

SMMatai^  to  know  where  they  are  de- 
posited, ID  order  to  obtain  poaseaaion  of 
them.  Id  the  alooiet  of  another  last 
uutment  was  arranged  a  splendid 
lAiary,  the  rolDmes  of  which  were  ia- 
ealimable,  becaute  they  consialed  not 
of  acmal  perfermancea,  but  of  tbe  works 
vUchthe  aothora  only  planned,  withont 
everGndingtheiiappTtetaon  to  achieve 
tliem.  TotakefatniliaTiBBtanoeBihere 
were  the  tmttjd  tales  of  Chaucer's 
Canteriinry  Pilgrims;  the  nnwritten 
Cantos  of  the  tWy  Qaeen;  the  coa- 
otusioo  of  Coleridge's  Chriitabel ;  and 
Um  whole  of  Dryden'a  projected  Epic 
on  the  stibiect  of  KiDg  Artbor.  The 
ritelres  wn«  erowded ;  for  it  woald 
aet  be  too  tnveh  to  affirm  that  ersry  ao- 
tbot  has  iaiagiMd,  and  shaped  ont  in  his 
thonght,  ntoM  and  ftr  batter  works  than 
thoa*  iriueh  nelaallT  proceeded  from 
Us  pen.  And  here,  likewise,  wen  the 
aweaKcedeoneeptiotMofyoalhfnlpoeta, 
who  died  of  the  vary  strength  of  their 
tma  gen  ins,  bsfbre  tbe  wothThad  caught 
one  inspired  namtnr  from  their  Upe. 

When  the  peealiaritie*  of  the  library 
and  statne-gnllery  were  explained  to 
the  Olden  Inhabitant,  be  appeared  inH- 
aildr  ptrplexsd,  actd  exelaiined,  with 


note  energy  than  dhsI,  that  he  had 
nerer  heaid  of  soeh  a  thing  within  hi* 
meinory,  and,  moreoTer,  did  not  at  all 
nnderstaad  bow  it  could  be. 

"  Bnt  my  brain,  1  tiunk,"  said  the 
good  old  ^otlesnan,  "  is  getting  not  bo 
elrar  ss  it  naed  to  be.  Yen  jonng 
folks,  I  sappose,  can  see  year  way 
thrODgh  these  strange  laattets.  Foe 
my  part,  I  giie  it  up." 

"  And  BO  do  I,"  muttvred  the  Old 
Han?.  "  It  ifl  cnoagh  to  paasJe  the 
aben!" 

Making  as  lit^e  reply  aa  poaaiMe  to 
these  obserTstions,  the  Man  of  Fanej 
preceded  tbe  ooapaay  to  notbei  noUe 
saloon,  the  pillars  of  which  wer*  adid 
polden  aBBheams,  lake*  oat  of  the  akr 
IB  the  Am  hoar  in  the  momiBg.  nos, 
ss  they  retaiBed  all  their  linng  taom, 
the  room  waa  filled  with  tlw  moat 
cheerful  radinnee  imaginable,  yM  not 
too  daasliag  to  be  borne  with  oanfbit 
and  delight.  The  windows  were  beam- 
tlfally  Boomed  with  eortaina,  mads  of 
the  many-colored  clouds  of  aoBliae,  all 
imbaed  with  virgin  Hght,  and  haocii^ 
in  magnilicent  featooDB  from  the  eeffing- 
to  tbe  floor.  Moreorer,  there  were 
frsgmenuof  ruBhows  scattered  thnMgfa 
the  room ;  bo  that  the  gaeBtB,aB(ooiMt- 
ed  at  one  another,  reciprocally  aaw 
their  heads  made  gloriotis  hy  the  saTen 
primary  bees ;  or,  if  they  choee  aa 
who  would  nnt  T— they  coold  grasp  s 
rtinbnw  in  the  air,  aWd  convert  it  to 
their  own  apparel  and  adonunent.  But 
the  morning  light  and  aeattared  ratti- 
bows  were  only  a  typa  and  symbol  of 
the  real  wonders  of  tbe  Bpartmeat. 
By  an  inSneoee  akin  to  magic,  yet  per- 
fectly natural,  whatever  means  and 
opportnnitieB  of  joy  ere  neglected  in 
the  lower  world,  had  been  eattfallsr 
gathered  up,  and  depoeited  in  the  bbIdod 
of  morning  sunshine.  Ae  may  wril 
be  eonceired,  tfaerefore,  there  was  ma- 
teriai  enoog^  to  eupply  not  mere^  a 
joyoas  evening,  but  also  a  happy  life- 
time, to  more  than  ta  msny  pei^e  aa 
that  apaeioas  apartment  eonid  conttiB. 
The  company  seemed  to  renew  their 
yeatb ;  while  that  pattern  and  prorob- 
isl  Btandard  of  innocence,  the  Cbttd 
Unborn,  frolioked  to  and  fm  MWMg 
them,  commBuicaitag  his  own  nowiiii- 
kled  gaiety  to  all  who  had  tbe  good 
fortane  to  wicnesa  his  gambols. 

"  My  honored  friends,"  said  the  Han 
of  Fancy,  aAer  they  had  enjojed  tbem- 
•elvea  awhile,  "  I  am  sow  to  raqaatt 


TiOO^Ic 


UH.]  AMtelFmrty.  39 

yvat  preseoee  w  tha  banqnetin^-haH,  aylldraba  and  Bommeiy  from  rlifl  Pai^ 
irbere  s  slight  eolUtioo  w  KWkitiug  diss  of  Fools,  whereof  there  wu  a 
yoa."  very  great  consumption.     Asfordrink- 

**Ab,  well  nid!"  ejinlftted  a  e«-  ablea,  the  temperanee-people  contented 
davMOoa  flgnte,  who  had  been  inTited  themselves  with  water,  as  ntnal,  hot  it 
ibr  no  other  nasoo  thu  thfl  h«  wu  was  the  water  of  the  Fountain  of 
pieuy  eanatantlf  in  the  habit  of  dining  Youth  ;  the  ladies  sipped  Nepenthe ; 
with  Duke  Huraphrej.  "  I  was  be-  the  love-lorn,  the  care-worn,  and  the 
l^miing  to  wonder  whether  a  castle  in  sorrow-stricken,  were  supplied  with 
tke  air  were  prorided  with  a  kitchen."  briainiing  gobleta  of  Lethe  ;  and  it  was 
It  waa  CDrimi,  in  troth,  to  see  bow  ahrewdiy  conjectured  that  a  eartafai 
isataataDeousl;  the  goestB  were  divert-  golden  Tsae,  from  which  onj^  the  man 
ed  frao  the  high  rooral  esjoymenU  dlatitigniahnl  gueata  were  invited  to 
whteh  they  had  i>een  taating  witii  ao  partake,  oontaiDed  oeelar  that  had  beea 
naefa  apparent  xeat,  by  a  soggeation  of  tnetlowiog  ever  since  the  days  of  claa^ 
the  more  aolid  as  well  as  liquid  delights  ieal  mythology.  The  clotli  being  i«- 
of  the  foative  board.  They  ihrongad  moved,  the  compftny,  aa  nanal,  grew 
eagerly  in  the  reat  of  the  hoat,  who  eloquent  over  their  liqnot,  and  daliv- 
Bow  nabared'theni  into  a  lofty  and  ex*  ared  tbemaelvea  of  a  aneoeaaion  ti 
Maahe  haJI,  fnwi  end  lo  and  of  which  brilliant  speeobea ;  Ibe  task  at  report- 
waa  ananged  a  taUe,  slitteriog  M  ing  wbish  we  resign  to  the  more  ado- 
over  with  ionamentblediahea  and  drink-  qaate  ability  of  Ctraaaellor  Gill,  whoM 
ing-Teaaeb  of  gold.  It  ia  an  unoeitain  indispaaaable  oo-^ieiaiioa  tb  Han  of 
point,  whether  these  rich  article!  of  Fancy  had  takan  the  preoaution  to 
plate  were  made  fur  the  occasion,  ont    aecure. 

of  molten  sonbeania,  or  tccovered  lirom  When  the  feativity  of  tha  banqoet 
the  wrecks  of  Spanish  Kalleons,  that  waa  at  ita  moat  ethereal  {mIM,  tlie 
had  lain  for  ages  at  the  ootlom  of  tha  Clerk  of  the  Weather  waa  obaarrad 
aea.  The  opper  end  of  the  table  waa  to  ateal  from  tha  table,  and  (hrast  bia 
orerahadowMl  by  a  canopy,  beneath  head  between  tbe  purple  and  gotdeM 
ivhioh  waa  placed  a  chain  of  elaborate  cnriaios  of  one  of  tbe  windowa. 
naffniGcenee,  which  the  host  himself  "  My  fellow-guesta,"  he  remarked 
dedioed  to  aooopy,  and  beeonght  bis  aloud,  after  carefully  noting  the  sign* 
gnests  to  aasign  it  to  the  worthieal  of  the  night,  "  I  adviae  aoch  of  yon  *■ 
among  them.  As  a  eaitable  homage  live  at  a  diatance,  to  be  going  a«  boob 
to  hia  inoalcolable  antiquity  and  emi-  as  possible  i  for  a  thunder-storm  ia  ens 
Dent  diatinctioD,  the  poat  of  honor  was    tainlv  at  hand," 

at  Grat  tendered  to  the  Oldest  InhaUt-  "  Alerey  on  me '."  cried  Mother  Ca- 
ant.  He,  however,  eschewed  it,  and  rey,  who  had  left  her  brood  of  ebidt 
Tequeoted  the  favor  of  a  bowl  of  gruel  ens,  and  come  bilher  in  gasaaroer  dn- 
at  a  side-table,  where  he  coald  rafreah  pery,  with  pink  silk  atockiuga,  "How 
himself  with  a  quiet  nap.  There  was  shall  I  ever  get  home  V 
mnt»  liUit  hesitation  as  lo  the  next  Alt  now  was  confusion  and  haaty 
e,antij  Posterity  took  the  Mas-    departure,  with  but  little  aupetflnoua 

■ Ths  Oldest  Ii"    ■■      - 

__  ..      , 0  the  rule  of  th 

the  princely  canopy.  When  past  days  in  which  hia  coatte^  had 
onoe  they  beheld  him  in  his  trae  place,  been  studied,  paused  on  the  threabtdd 
the  company  aoknowledged  the  jnatice  of  tbe  mataor-lighted  hall,  to  ezpreae 
of  the  selection  by  a  long  thuaner-rcdl  hia  vast  aatia&ction  at  the  entertain- 
of  vehement  ai^jlanse.  meat. 

Then  waa  aerTcd  up  a  banqoet,  eom-  "Never,  witbio  my  mecnory,"  ob- 
iHoing,  if  not  all  the  delicacies  of  the  served  the  graeioua  old  geotleinan, 
aeasoa,  yet  all  the  rarities  whioh  care-  "  haa  it  been  my  good  fortane  to  spend 
ftil  purveyors  had  met  with  in  the  fleah,  a  pleasanier  evening,  or  in  mora  select 
lah,  and  vegetable  markets  of  the  land    society." 

of  Nowhere.  The  biU  of  fare  being  The  wind  here  took  his  breath  away, 
nafortuaately  lost,  we  oan  only  mention  and  drowned  what  further  corapUmenta 
a  Phtenix,  roasted  in  ita  own  llamas,  it  had  been  his  pnrpose  to  bestow, 
eold  potted  Urda  of  Paradise,  iee-  Many  of  the  eompony  had  bespoken 
onana  from  tiie  llilky  Way,  utd  whip-    Will  o!  the  Wiapa  to  cmvey  thtB 

Coog  Ic 


home  ;  Hid  the  bmt,  in  fail  »nenl  be- 
neficeDce.had  eug&ged  IbeM&iiinthe 
Moan,  with  an  immenae  horn  luitern, 
to  be  ths  goide  of  sacb  desolate  s^d- 
Btera  u  could  do  no  belter  Tor  (Iiein- 
aelTea.  Bat  a  blast  nf  the  ritin^  tern- 
peat  blew  oat  b]1  their  lizhta  in  the 
twinkling  of  an  tje.  Kavr,  in  the 
darkneac  that  enaoed,  the  ^esta  con- 
trived to  get  bask  to  earth,  or  whether 
the  greater  part  of  them  oontrived  to 


I'lly. 


get  back  at  afi,  or  an 
amopg  cloude,  niiaia,  and  pufia  of  tem- 
pestuona  wind,  bruiwd  by  the  beams 
and  rafleiB  of  the  erertbrown  caatle  in 
the  air,  and  deluded  bj  all  aorta  of  iis> 
reaJitiea,  are  pointa  Ibal  coDoeiii  tbem- 
aeKes,  liftich  more  than  the  wriiejt  or 
the  pablie.  People  should  tUnk  at 
theae  matlera,  before  thejr  tnut  ibem- 
aelTBS  on  a  pleaaoie-pi^y  into  tka 
realm  of  Nowoere. 


Bt  Mnnr  T.  TocKnMav. 

Not  yet,  not  yet,  can  I  for  thee  awake  a  ntOTinF  etiain, 
To  weaTe  tbe  minatrel's  carelesi  rhyme  woeld  be  a  task  of  pain. 
And  ihoD  haei  never  fell  the  wants  that  proM  upon  the  eon). 
When  deeper  moods  with  tender  awe  tta  baoyancy  control ; 
Hope's  gladsome  visions  to  thy  mind  the  wend  in  light  array, 
Ado  only  hoea  of  brilliaiicy  aronnd  thy  fancy  play  : 
Bot  when  the  fount  within  thy  breast,  now  aeaied  in  Jeep  repose. 
Shall  gnsb  to  life  and  meh  thy  heart  with  musio  aa  it  flows  ; 
Wbea  from  the  lightsome  word  yon  tnrn,  and  gasiog  through  a  teat. 
Look  earnestly  for  kindred  thoughts  and  sympathy  sincere ; 
When  Adiniralion  can  no  more  from  Iaitb  thy  bosntn  wean, 
And  with  a  holy  joy  thy  heart  npon  tme  Mth  would  lean ; 
When  sorrow  comes  across  thy  path  its  brooding  shade  to  throw. 
And  firee  long  pent  in  darkness  op  send  forth  a  vital  glow ; 
When  shrinking  from  the  light  away,  expanded  feeling's  tide 
Shall  to  the  channels  of  the  sanl  liko  hidden  waters  glide ; 
When  for  responeiTe  glances  look  the  eyes  that  now  delight 
Only  to  trace  the  coantless  aisna  of  Beauty's  K^utle  miffht ; 
When  emilea  npon  thy  hp  shul  [day  because  tny  life  is  blest 
With  a  noble  heart'a  devatedneea  and  a  cherished  love's  behest ; 
When  Dnty  Beeme  a  rnle  of  bliss,  and  Home  a  spell  of  joy — 
The  precious  gold  whose  wealth  redeems  the  world'a  most  base  alloy. 
And  all  (he  pageants  Fame  can  boast,  or  Fortnne  e'er  bestow, 
~         •■     '    -       ■     ■  ■  ■    .  p^  which  it  is  thine  to  know ; 
«  of  all  exalted  Truth  can  bring, 
ne  thy  spirit  folds  its  ning ; 
constant  thought  before  aneetion's  riirine, 
.  ^  ^  ^  wear  its  tendemcBS  divine, — 

Then,  lady,  bid  me  strike  my  harp,  and  scorning  tricks  of  ait, 
ril  breathe  a  strain  whose  tone  luiy  wake  an  echo  in  thy  heart  t 


Qrow  dim  before  the  high< 
When  on  thee  dawns  a  ser 
And  in  her  atmosphere  ser 
When  hallowed  grows  thy 
And  all  Ihy  winning  graces 


lizcdbyGooi^le 


BLIND  JACQUES. 

■  T    MB*.    «.    P.     mLLmv. 

Am  adnirei  af  H.  Eagene  Bm,  ia  a  nuD  nued  hia  haad  Mgerlj,  fait  coaa- 

iMtor  ■MrMwd  to  him  in  Uw  Jomnul  teoaiMe  lighted  op  iritfa  an  nrpiiiwiiw 

ia DUafi,«xpremtMiaaMs\(finhani-  ot  jay,   asd  giH|tiD^  tha  htnd  that 

JaflacMd  by  AemotaKoTtM  Mafm  toochM  hia,  he  axnlaioMd  in  a  toos  ct 

Brnde,  in  the  Mjatariea  of  ^ria.  emotioa — 

Bw,  be  adda,  "  aootlm  ima(e  abspea  "  Homianr  DeagnuigM !" 

iladf  befoia  me— a  litiog  peiaonaga  "  How !"  cried  the  yonn^  nua,  anr* 

whom  I  faave  eaen— «n  image  wbieh  piaed,  "yon  reeMniie  hua   h^  the 

•eatnata  with  joora  in  aaeh  a  Buuner  tomb  of  hia  band  T" 

aa  to  eaaipleta  jronr  idea.    He  ia  bliad,  "  I  hare  no  need  of  that ;  vbonerer 

fike  the  Haltra  d'Eede ;  of  the  eom'  he  paaaee  near  me,  1  aay  to  myael^ 

nmi  daaa,  and  in  tbe  peeeeasioa  of  idl  'TIM  ia  Ilia  atep!'" 

Ua  Bbengtb and  (acnlUaa,  in  tbe  midat         *~ ' "     '"" 

«r  Ua  irafortme ;  yet  be  finda  a  aop-  ,        „      ■ 

Mrt  where  the  other  finda  an  abjaa ;  Deagiugva,  wba  hare  aaved  me  f^om 

the  maekeaelerMee  him  wbieh  autka  miaohaaeei  it  ia  alwaya  job  !" 

Hm  other  to  Mthing.    Eveiy  atep  t>t  **  Whj,"  naked  the  yeoM  man,  "da 

the  Ualtie  d'Beole  pinngea  bim  de^er  yon  eapoee  yonraelf  to  aneb  aecidenta 

into  bondage  and  deapair  i  formjhem,  ojr  drawing  Una  eaakl" 

OTOTT  moment- that  paaaes  ia  a  tink  "One  moat  do  eoe'a  bnaiaeaai  Meo- 

CiUen  fton  hia  chain,  a  ahadow  diaaed  aienr,"  replied  tbedtayman.oheeifUly. 

Jrom  hia  aonl.    In  a  won},  the  one  alill  "  Yoar  boaineaaV 

aeeka  good ;  the  other,  eril :  the  one  "  Certainly,"  anBwared  M,  Deagni^ 

lovea  ;  the  other  hatea."  ges.    "Jaoqnea  is  «nr  watar-earrier; 

Tlio  dtetch,  simple,  and  diawn  from  hot  I  most  eeold  him  for  going  ont 

aetnml  life,  baa  in  oor  erea  a  touching  withoot  hia  wife  to  guide  him.*' 

and  beantifnl  moral,    Perhape  stHne-  "  My  wife  waa  abaent ;  aitd  I  brongfat 

Ibing  of  its  Ibree  may  be  preierred  in  tha  little  girl ;  yon  see  I  bare  done 

a  translation.                       E.  F.  E.  well  ainee  I  have  met  Toa,  dear  H. 

—  Dewraoges,   and    yon   nave  asiiated 

Abont  a  year  since,  in  the  moath  of  me." 

I>eeMnber,  two  meot  one  yonng,  the  '^Allaiu,  Jaeqnoa ;    finidi    eerring 

other  OB  the  rerge  of  old  tge,  were  yonr  cnatomeca,  and  afterwards  ya« 

walking  alon^  a  stony  road  in  (Hie  of  may  come  to  see  me.    I   am  gouif 

the  vijlaaes  in  the   nwgbborhood  of  b^e." 

Palis.      Coming  towards    them,  and  "Thanks,    Monaienr    Deagiaogeal 

oliwbing  the  rongh  sacent,  was  a  man    Adiee,  monaienr !    Adien " 

harnessed  to  a  tort  of  drar  laden  whh  And  he  went  on,  drawing  bia  water- 

a  eaak ;  be  lield  hia  head  down,  and  cask,  white  the  little  girl  tnrtied  bee 

beside  bim  walked  a  little  girl  of  eight  amiling,  nay  lace  to  look  at  the  geiid»- 

yeaia  old,  holding  by  the  end  of  the  men. 

diay.     Suddenly  one  wheel  rolled  npon  "Blind,  and  a  watar-eanrier  t"  n- 

an  enormons  stone,  aod  the  dray  was  posted  the  yonng  man,  as  tbey  went 

nearly  orertnrned  on  the  side  next  the  on. 

little  girl.  "Ah,  yon  wonder  at  oor  Jaoqoee, 

"He  ia  drank!"   cried  the  yonng  my  young  friend !    Yea,  it  ia  aomeibiBg 

■ant  rnsbinf  towards  them  ;  bni  when  remarkable ;  but  what  would  yon  IhinE 

he  looked    mto    the    manX    &ce,    be  if  yon  knew  bis  history !" 

tused  back  qnickty  towards  his  old  "Will  yon  tell  it  meV 

erarpanion,  and  sud,  "  He  ia  blind '."  "  Willingly.     It  oentaina  no  nnccm- 

Titt  other  motioned  him  to  be  silent,  mon  eTcnts,  and  no  dnmalie  inoidenta ; 

eaae  ap,  and,  wiibont  a  word,  laid  bia  bnt  I  beliete  you  will  be  intereeied,  foe 

hasdoa  that  of  the  dravman,  while  lbs  it  in  the  story  of  s  sonl — anobt»eae   ■ 

UttlagidaDiledrasDiaUy.    Thebliad  stnggling against oslamity.    Teamj 


,  Google 


T 


i:-..'i 


ofaaane  bow,  atep  bj  rtep,  tlw  victiin 
climb*  oat  of  the  abysg,  aod  renewB  hia 
UTe;  how  a  crndted  heut  gradually 
ncorers  ita  Tigori  >im1  ihe  helplew 
man  finda  ha  bu  jet  a  place  in  the 

The  liieiida  had  aniTcd  at  the  house 
of  U.  DeqgraDgw,  wben  he  MMnmeRCod 
Ibeatory  : 

"  One  tnanuDgt  three  years  ago,  I 
was  waUciug  aeioes  the  exteDsi*e  dcj 
plain  that  aepsTates  our  Tillage  fiom 
that  ofNoiaeiooat,  and  >•  paiiJ;  covered 
with  blaatsd  rock*.  I  heard  a  vioJent 
eiplouon;  IlQ<died,sn4at  thedistaaee 
of  foai  01  five  handled  paces  saw  a 
wkiUaliaiiMdte  that  seemed  ta  liaefrom 
»  oaTity  in  the  grotuid.  Fragmeala  of 
die  roolE  at  the  same  tiaa  weie  throwa 
JBto  Ae  air  I  a  moment  after,  I  heard 
dreadful  cites,  and  a  man  apnag  nt 
of  the  cavity,  and  laa  aero**  the  fidd 
like  one  ioMiie,  flingiiiK  his  aims  wildly 
pbaut,  nttarijig  criea  of  pain,  and  attim- 
hliog  almoet  at  erery  step.  Ui*  faoe, 
aa  well  as  I  could  pwceiTs  at  a  dis- 
twioe,  and  amidst  hia  rapid  moTemeots, 
apomed  eotered  by  a  large  ted  ma^. 
I  hastened  towards  bim,  whJe  from  the 
dinetioa  of  NowemoDt  came  lunning 
1KB  and  women,  with  acreanis  of  tec- 
[u.  I  was  the  fiiat  to  reach  the  no- 
happy  BMD ;  and  saw  with  borror  that 
bie  whole  head  was  ops  fiightful  wound. 
Jlis  skoU  wa*  laid  bare ;  the  akin  wu 
torn  from  bi«  forehead  and  part  of  hia 
Sue;  and  the  blood  streaioBd  in  tor- 
lents  from  his  torn  garments.  As  I 
wok  held  of  his  arm,  a  woman  ran  to- 
vaids  him,  followed  by  twenty  pea- 
•anls,  exclaiming,  '  Jacques,  Jacques ! 
is  it  thou  1  I  know  thee  not,  Ju^ue* !' 
The  nofortnnate  man  anawered  not, 
bnt  struggled  to  escape  from  our  hands, 
and  a*  he  did  ao,  scattered  the  blood  in 
•very  direction.  'Ah!  ah!'  cried  the 
waouui,  in  a  voice  of  heait-rendiog  an- 

Ch, '  it  is  he  !'  She  had  recognised 
by  a  large  ailTBr  pin  tliat  tistened 
Weslik 

"It  was  indeed  her  husband,  the 
ftlhor  of  thice  chiMren,  a  poor  miner, 
wbo,  in  Uaating  a  rock,  W  reoeired 
the  whole  es^oaion  ia  his  face,  and 
was  blinded,  moUlated,  perhapa  dmk- 
tally  wonnded. 

"  He  was  oanied  home.  I  wa* 
(Uiged  the  same  day  to  leftTe  foe  » 
BModt'a  abaenee  ;  but  I  aent  him  oar 
ioMor/ft  nao  who  Doitad  tbe  scieotiGe 
kanriedge  of  the  nty  practitionera  ta 


is  all  be  MLT 
an   iaternal 

1  eontinnlly.    I  teu  Itea 

■»»",■■ 

Devei 

'T 

th*  aighl  that  tuMmtad 

ii*elf. 

waa  seated  oa  a  wootei 

■tool 
there 

beside 

the  ebiiHMy,  in   wbioh 

bound 

ore* 

hi*  eye* ;  on  tfa*  gMo^ 

jioff. 

a*leep,    an    iofal   thiw 

months  old 

a  little  nrl,  foor  «Mn  of 

age,ii 

raa  play  iac  in  the  aahea ;  uotb^. 

a  little  oUer 

wa*  shinriag  ia  ita  q»- 

the  room,  hi*  wife  wa*  aealad  «a  tbe 
bed,  pale,  """■«'i'*^[  bar  Km»  ^"ff~t 
down.  Then  was  more  of  niiawj  iw 
this  scene  thao  met  Ihe  ay*.  Tb« 
oooviotion  atniok  on  my  boMt,  that 
perhaps  for  hoars  act  a  word  had  faaea 
uttered  in  this  abode  of  deapair.  Thm 
wife  sat  listleaa,  and  seenM  aa  iowgot 


had  lost  all  hope.  At  theamuidof  my 
footsteps,  aa  1  entered,  both  naa,  biu 
without  speaking. 

"  '  You  ate  the  Mind  man  ofthagnat- 
ryl'  lacked. 

"  '  Yea !  Mopiiaar.' 

"  *  I  hsTO  come  to  see  yon.' 

"  '  Tbaoka,  Mooaienr.' 

"  'You  have  aufiered  agreatffiialac- 

"  'Yes!  Mofisienr.' 

"  Hia  voiae  waa  cM,  and  b 
no  emotion.  He  answered  ai 
ailj.  He  expected  nothing  fnm  eay 
one  in  the  world.  I  said  somethitv  Of 
puUic  aympatby,  and  of  aid  to  be  ex- 
tended. 

"  '  Aid !'  exclaimed  the  wonan,  in  a 
kind  of  deneration  j  '  tbey  owe  na  aid« 
indeed !  We  ougit  to  be  reliered,  far 
we  hsTO  done  nothing  to  deaerre  saeh 
a  stroke  as  this  1  Uy  children  auitt 
not  be  suffered  to  die  ^  htugar !' 

"  She  aqked  m>  obaitty ;  abe  claioi- 
ed  SDCcoc  aa  a  right,  Tbia  impnioa* 
an)eal  toodied  me  mote  fbreBtly  thaa 
any  lamentations  sbo  cottld  b»T«  em- 
ployed; and  I  emptied  into  ny  haad 
some  ^ece*  of  nlTOi  fmn  uj  pan* ; 
bu  ber  hnsbaBd  asaweradtiB  •  tow  of 

.,i,.:,i. Google 


kt44.]                                        Slmd  Jmequtt.  4* 

•ideii  deapur, '  Lot  them  die,  Oie  chfl-  This  exprenioo  of  iffistttien  stnisk 

iran,  liiwB  I  an  ncTer  to  ««e  again !'  the  young  man ;  and,  aftar  his  friend 

Thsre  is  a  stngular  powu  in  the  tonea  had  gone  out,  he  a^toaehed  the  blind 

of  the  human  voica.  •  I  drc^ped  ay  Yiaiter. 

"  Yon  lore  M.  DeafTBOgea  1" 
"  Do  I  love  hinV    repealed    tb* 

ftlt  tiiat  it  waa  neceuary  to  gite  more  blind  man,  impetnonriy.     "  Monaieoi ! 

than  a  m«re  alms;  that  money  aonU  "             '         "  '      '   " '    '         ' 

not  restore  ooatentment  to  that  hearth.  . 

I  ntonwd  home  with  my  raaolntioH  of  deipair , 

txed."  "He  gare  you  mooey  V 

"  Btrt  what  could  yoa  do  for  them  1"  "Money!    what  ii    that*    Ermv- 

■afced  bia  yoeog  friend.  body  ffiTaa  money !     Yes !  ha  nooriah- 

"  What  eoald  I  dol"   lepUed  M.  ed  and  elothed  us ;  he  made  a  eolloe- 

Deegraagea;  "what  could  I  dot    Fif-  tionofBve  hnndradfnooa.   Bntallthv 

tan  days  after  that  iDi«r*iew,  JaequeS  is  nothing.     It  is  he  who  healed  my 

ma  iSTed  ;  in  a  year  he  waa  in  a  way  heart !" 

of  earning  hie  own  support:  and  now  "  And  hovl" 

be  sings  at  hie  work."  "By  his   good    words,  MoMienrl 

"Bat  how  was  Ibis  doneV  Yes!  he,  a  person  so  euallant  and 

"  How  1   By  a  means  very  natural :  honorable,  he  oame  every  day  to  my 

b;  hot  auy,  I  think  I  hear  him  DOor    fao*el ;    he    sat    down    on    mf 

cetoing ;  yes,  it  is  he.     I  will  leave  Bench  and  talked  widi  me,  for  an  hour,, 

iuin  to  tell  ^00  himself  bb  simpla  his-  two  hoore,  that  he  might  make  me 


tory.     Il  will  touch  you  more  Rom  his    happy." 
llpa  \  it  will  embarrass  me  less,  snd  his        "  What  did  he  say  to  y 
a  and  Bordial  manner  will  com-       **  I  eanoet  tell ;  I  am 


pleta  the  eOeet  of  the  narratira."  fellow;  and  you  ii 

A  noise  was  heard  without,  of  some  peat  what  he  said ;  but   it    waa  all 
ene  drawing  off  his  ssbets  at  the  door,  abont  things  I  had  noTer  heard  of  be* 
and  preeenUy  a  light  knock  was  heard,  fore.     He   epoko   to  me  of  the  good 
"  Come  in,  JacqusB."  God  better  than  a  priest     It  was  he 
He  entered  with  bia  wife.  who  taught  me  haw  to  sleep  again  \" 
"  I  hsTe  brought  Julienne  this  time,  "  How  was  that  *" 
dear  M.  Deagrangea  ;  the  poor  woman  "  I  had  net  had  a  night's  sle^  fix 
ia  eo  happy  to  see  you  again  for  a  little  two  months,  for  whenever  I  began  t» 
while."  dose,  I  wontd  awake,  saying  to  myseU^ 
"It     ia    very    well,    Jacques  :     sit  '  Jacques,  thou  art  blind  v  and  then  mr 
down."  bead  would  whirl  and  whiri  like  a  mad- 
He  advaoeed,  feeling   before   him  man's;  and  that  was  killing  me.    One 
with  his  stick,  so  that  he  shoold  not  morning  he  came  in — that  dear  friend— 
mn  against  any  of  the  chairs,  and  bar-  and  said  to  me  :  '  Jacques,  do  you  be- 
ing found    one,   seated   bimaelf.     He  Iteve  in  God  >     Well,  to-night,  when 
was  yonng,  and  of  a  slight  figure,  but  ^ou  strive  in  vain  to  sleep,  and   the 
atron|^  made.     His  dark  hsir  cnrled  idea  of  yeor  misfortune  takes  hold  of 
over  an  open  and  eipansive  forehead,  your  mind,  repeat  a  prayer  aland,  then 
Hie  features  were  pTepoesesetng,  and  two,  or  three,  and  yon  shall  aee  that 
animated  by  a  cheeifiil  expression,  pai>  yon  will  go  to  sleep.'  " 
licnJarlj  when  be  showed   his   white  "  Yes  1"  said  hi*  wife,  with  her  calm  • 
teeth  in  smiling.     His  wife  remained  Toice  \  "  th'e  good  God  then  gave  him 
standiag  Just  behind  him.  sleep." 

"  Jacques,"  said  M.  Desgrangee ;  "  Thst  is  not  all.  Monsieur  I  1  waa 
"hers  is  one  of  my  good  fiiseds  who  going  to  kill  myself!  Isaid,*  JaeqDee>- 
wisbed  ranch  to  see  yos."  thon  art  nselsss  to  thy  &ai)ly ;  thm 
"  He  is  an  excellent  person  since  he  art  a  burden  ;  a  eiok  woman  in  the 
is  TOUT  friend."  house!*  But  As  said,  'la  it  not  yoa 
"  Yoa  must  talk  with  him  while  I  go  who  still  sappon  your  fomily !  Had 
to  see  my  getanimns;  bnt  you  mast  you  not  been  blind,  would  any  one  have- 
not  be  sad  \  remember,  I  have  forbid-  given  them  five  hundred  franca  V 
den  Ant."  "  '  That  is  true,  H.  Desgrangee.' 

"  No,  M  t  my  dear  Aieod !"  "  ■  If  you  had  net  been  blind,  wonld     _^ 


Googllc 


M 


anf  one  Imt*  taken  eai«  of  jout  ehfl- 
4rm!' 

"  '  True,  Moniieor '.' 

"  *lr7«a  had  not  been  blind,  troold 
joa  have  been  loved  so  mnch  aa  you 

"  '  True,  Uonaienr,  it  is  trae  !' 

"'Obeerre,  Jacqoea,  eiarj  family 
has  to  bear  aoioe  nuBTonune.  Disaster 
is  like  the  rain ;  something  of  it  moat 
&11  on  erery  htad.  If  you  were  not 
Uind,  your  wife  would,  perhaps,  be  an 
iHTaJidi  or  you  would  lose  one  of  jpot 
children ;  in  place  of  that,  it  is  you/my 
poor  ftiend,  who  hare  all  the  suflering ; 
they  an  spared.' 

"  '  True,  true !'  aad  I  began  to  feet 
leas  depreaaed  ;  1  felt  happy  to  snffer 
for  them.  Afierwatda  he  aaid, '  My 
dear  Jacqnee,  miafortuDe  is  mans 
greatest  eitemy  or  Ilia  beat  friend. 
There  are  panons  whom  it  renders 
wioked ;  there  are  otbere  whoin  it 
makes  better.  I  wish  it  wonld  oanae 
yon  to  lore  ererybody ;  to  be  so  kind, 
ao  grstefnl,  bo  affecUonatO,  that  when 
people  are  talking  of  the  good,  they 
may  sar,  "  As  good  as  the  poor  blind 
nan  of  Noisement.  That  will  serre 
a«  a  porUoa  to  joar  daughter." '  Thus 
he  gave  me  conrago  to  be  unhappy." 

"Yea!  hnt  when  he  waa  not  with 
yonr 

"  Ah !  when  he  was  not  there,  I  had, 
iodeedt  very  gloomy  mocnenlB ;  I 
thoaght  of  my  eyes,  and  of  the  bleas- 
ingofsigbt.  Ah!"  Jacques  continued 
moomfnUy,  "if  God  alioald  permit 
me  ever  to  see  wain,  1  wonld  never 
lose  a  mouent  or  the  precious  day- 
li^t!" 

"  Jaoqnes,  Jaeqsea  !"  aaid  his  wife. 

"  You  are  right,  Julienne  !  Ha  has 
forbidden  roe  to  be  aorrowful.  He  al- 
waya  obaerved  it,  Monsieni.    Would 

C.  believe,  whenever  my  head   has 
D    bad  during  the   night,   and  he 
cornea   in  the    morning,   at    the    first 

emce  he  always  aays, '  Jacques,  you 
vebeen  thinking  of  that  ;*and  then  ho 
Bcofda  me,  that  dear  friend  that  he  is." 

"  Yes,"  added  the  blind  man,  with 
a  smile,  "  and  I  like  to|heur  him,  for  he 
«annut  speak  harahly  even  if  he  would." 

"And  how  came  yon  to  think  of  mak- 
ii^  yoaraelf  a  waler-carrierl" 

"It  was  he  who  thought  of  it. 
How  ahould  1  liavB  any  ideas*  1  was 
cured  of  my  great  dialreas,  but  I  began 
to  ha  weary  of  myself.  Ooly  thirty- 
Ma  jeam  mdi  and  to  ait  all  day  upoii  a 


acguet.  [Jnlft 

bench !  Thta  be  nndartM^  to  iaatmot 
me,  and  told  me  a  great  many  Bibia 
histories ;  the  history  of  Joseph,  of 
David,  and  many  others ;  which  ha 
made  me  repeat  after  him.  Bol  my 
head  was  hard,  fbr  it  had  not  beea 
need  to  learn ;  and  I  grew  every  day 
more  weary  of  my  arms  and  legs.' 

"  And  he  tormented  us  all  like  a 
loup  garou"  said  his  wife,  laaghiog. 

"  All  trne ;"  answered  the  humndt 
iJso  laughing.  "  I  became  wicked. 
Then  ht  came  to  me,  and  aaid,  '  Jao- 
qnea,  1  must  pot  you  to  work.'  I 
abowcd  him  my  poor  burned  hand*. 
'  I  know  it  \  I  have  bought  you  a  Btoek 
in  trade.'  'Mel  Monsieur  DeagrangesV 
'  Yes,  Jacques,  a  stock  when  yon  need 
deposit  nodiing,  and  yet  yon  will  al- 
ways find  merchandise.'  *  It  haa  ooat 
yon  much.  Monsieur !'  '  Nothing  at 
all,  mon  garfon.'  '  Where  is  it  V  'In 
the  river."  'The  river!  WiU  yon 
have  me  turn  fiaherman  %  '  No,  yon 
shall  oairy  water.'  *  Carry  water  I  btf 
my  eyea !'  '  What  do  you  want  with 
them  1'  said  he.  '  Have  the  brewara' 
horses  any  t  When  one  haa  them, 
they  do  aerviee  ;  when  one  has  than 
not,  one  muat  do  without  them.  AlloaSi 
yon  shall  be  a  water-carrier.'  *  But  a 
cask  V  '  I  will  provide  one  for  yon.' 
'  Bnt  a  dray  1'  '  I  have  ordered  oas 
from  the  wheelwright.'  '  Bnt  custom- 
ers 1'  'I  will  give  yoa  my  cuatncn  iu 
the  first  place,  eiahteeofrancsamouth; 
(that  dear  fiieoil  t  he  paid  as  dear  fbc 
water  as  wine !}  and  besidss,  I  will  have 
no  more  said  about  it ;  I  have  diaroiascd 
my  walflT-carrier,  and  yon  wooM  not 
hare  my  wife  and  me  die  of  ^irat !  l^tat 
dear  Madame  Desgranges,  indeed! 
Go,  mon  gar^on,  in  tbiee  days,  to 
work !  and  yon,  Madame  Jact^ea, 
come  along !'  and  he  took  Julienne — " 

"  Yes,  monsieur,"  intemiplod  the  wo- 
nun,  "  he  took  me,  and  pot  on  An 
leather  atrapa,  and  harnessed  me ;  w« 
were  quite  oewildered,  Jacques  and  I. 
But  who  can  hold  back  against  Hoik 
aieur  Desgtsngea !  At  the  end  of 
three  daya  there  we  were ;  Jacqaea 
harnessed  and  drawing  the  cart  with 
hia  cask  of  water,  and  I  following  and 
direciiDK  him  how  to  go !  We  w«r« 
ashamed  at  first  aa  we  went  throogh 
the  village,  as  if  we  had  done  some- 
thing wrong ;  it  seemed  that  every- 
body was  going  to  laogh  at  us  i  bnt 
there  was  M.  Desgranges  iu  the  street, 
eryiogi    '  Allons,  Jse^aes,  conag*  t 


IM4.]                                                  BtiHd  jMfVtM.  W 

ws  want  on  ;  ud  in  the  eTeniiiK  fag  "  Yea,  maoMCBr ;  when  I  h«*«  » 

pnl  into  our  huuU  ft  KiitU  piece  of  ail-  neiuge  to  ctrrjr  to  Helun,  I  lake  mf 

Ter,  lajing — "  little  pirl  on  mj  abouldera,  and  avkj 

"  Saying,"  cried  the  blind  Qian,wilh  we  go  !     She  aees  fur  me  ;  I  walk  f»i 

emolioa,    '  Jioiioea,   here   aro   tweotj  her ;   and  ihoee   who   meet  me,   aay, 

■on*  which  jou  hare  turned  to-day.'  There  is  ■  man  who  baa  hla  eyes  Terj 

Eaiofld,    monsieoT,     think    of    that  1  high  1  to  which  I  ansnet,  It  u  to  MO 

Earned  !     And   for    the    iaat    fifteen  the  further.  Aod  in  the  evening  1  come 

monlha  I  had  been  eating  the  bread  of  loma  with  twenty  bodb   more  in  mf 

charily!     It  ia  good  to  receiTe  from  pocket." 

good    peraona,  traly;    hut    the    bread  "Are  you  not   afraid  of  stumbling 

earned  by  one's  own  handa,  let  it  be  against  the  stoaea  V 

neret  ao  coarse,  nourishes  the  best  I  "I  lift  my  feet  hi^h  eMnghlo  avoid 

I  was  no  longer  a  useless  peraon,  a  them ;  and  now  that  I  am  nsed  to  it,  I 

bnrthen  1    but  a   workman  !    Jacqaei  come   ofUa,  from  Noisemont  hitber, 

earns  his  liTiiig!"    A  kind  of  rapture  alone." 

•pread  itself  over  his  face.  ''Alone!     How  do  yon  find   yooz 

"  How '."    asked    the    young  man,  way !" 

'doM  this  occupation  bring  youeonagh  "I  take  the  wind  when  I  stan  froni 

to  live  upon  1"  home,  and    that  Berres  me    for   the 

"  Not  entirely,  monsienr;   I   have  tno." 

jat  another  bnainess."  "  Bnt  the  pnddlea !" 

"  Anothar  bueineseV  "  1  know  ihem." 

"Oh,  yea!   the  river  is  scmetimes  "The  walla  V 

frwen  over,  and  tha  watST'CarnerB, aa  "I  feel  them.     When  I  come  near 

M.   Deagrangee  saye,  bare  bat  poor  anything  solid,  monsieur,  the  air  islcM 

enecnngement ;   ha  has  given  me  a  fcesb  against  my   face.      Not  thai  I 

bnaineta  for  winter  as  well  as  sum-  al  way  a  eeoape  some  pretty  hard  knocks; 

mer."  for  example,  when  a  handcart  ia  left 

"A  bnaiaess  for  winter!"  standing  u)  the  street,  and  I  come  upon 

At  this  moment  H.  Desgranges  came  it  without  waroiitg  !    Bnt,  bah  1  wluU 

ia ;  Jacques  heud  him,  and  asKed,  "  Is  matters  that !    Then  I  hav«  been  so 

it  MM  tme,  monsieur,  thai  I  have  ano-  unlucky  as  to  lose  myself— as  the  day 

tber  businoaa  beside*  that  of  oarrying    before  yesterday " 

watet  ?"  "  Yon  have  not  told  me  of  that,  Jac- 

"Certainly."  quea,"  said  M.  Desgcanges. 

"  And  what !"  "  I  was  Ter^  mneh  paailed,  my  ieaa 

"  Ho  is  a  wood-sawyer."  friend.      WhUe  I  was  here,  the  wind 

"  A  waod'SBwye;  I      How   is   that  changed ;  I  was  not  aware  of  it,  and 

possible  T    How  can  yon  measure  ih«  kept  on  my  course,  till,  at  Iha  end  of  a 

fengih  of  the  sticka,  or  manage  the  quarter  of  an  hour,  I  found  I  had  loat 

■■w*  or  cut  the  wood  without  hurting  myself   somewhere   on  tha    plain   ot 

yourself  1"  Noiaemont.     Yon  know  the  plain ;  not 

"  Hurting  myself,  monsienr  V   re-  a  boose — not  a  pasaer-hy  ;  I  dared  not 

Mated  the  blind  man,  with  a  look  of  atir.    1.  sat  down  on  tM  grannd,  tad 

nooeat  pride  ;  "yon  ahall  hear.    Intfae  listened;  afier  a  few  momenta  I  lMM»d 

first  place,  I  usee  to  ssw  wood,  and  I  at  a  short  distance  the  sound  of  running 

understood  the  business;   the  rest  1  water.  I  said  to  myself.  It  is  the  riveH 
have  learned.    Suppose  a  quantity  of    I  groped  my  way,  guided  by  thesonnd ; 

wood  under  the  shed,  at  the  left ;  my  I  same  to  the  water  ;  it  was  the  river, 

ssw  and  knes-eovering before  me;  and  By  dipping  in  my  hand,  I  tbonght  I 

the  wood  to  be  sawn  in  three  pieces,  could  find  which  way  the  water  imn. 

I  take  a  string ;  I  cut  it  one-third  the  Then   I  eoold    follow  it,   and  c<Miis 

length  of  tha  wocid  ;  there  isameasure.  home." 

I  am  careful  and  expert ;  and  so  1  saw  "  Braro,  Jaoqoea !" 

m)  part  of  the  wood  nsed  in  the  "  Ah,  the  water  was  so  low,  and  the 

«-  current  so  weak,  I  eootd  not  feel  it 

lidea,"  added  U.  Desgianges,  against  my  hand.    I  put  in  the  end  of 

"be  is  a  capital  messenger,"  my  stick,   bnt  it  dio  not  move.     I 

"AmeaaeDger1"iepeaMdtheyonng  scratched  my  head,  bawildered;  then 

DUO,  anrprised.  cried,  1  im  a  fbol  1  where  ia  my  haad- 


Googl : 


IT' 


ketcAiitf  ^  I  tied  it  on  the  end  of  taj 
atieki  dropped  it  in  the  wster,  and  found 
th»t  it  nraved  slowlj,  rer;  slovl;,  to 
tbe  right!  Noiteoiont  was  on  the 
right!  I  anived  there  saMy,  just  as 
JDhenne  was  begliiiiiiig  to  be  anxiout 
about  me." 

"  Indeed !"    exciaimed    the     joang 

man,  "  tliia   is  admiia "     But   H. 

Deasiangea  checked  biro  bsstil^,  atid 
teading  him  to  the  other  end  vT  tbe 
n>om,whi8peced,  "Siknee!  donotcor- 
lopt  b;  a  thtngbt  of  pride  the  sim- 
plicitf  of  Ibia  honeet  man.  Obserfc, 
Low  calm  and  tnuiqoil  ia  hi*  face,  after 
the  atory  wtiicb  has  affected  joa.  Do 
not  spoil  bin  by  admiiallDn." 

**It  is  most  tooching!"  rejdied  he 
nftlowToiee. 

'*  Ttoi;r  i  ■™'  y'  th^  ^"^  *■"*  oo* 

atitnle  hu  auperioriiy.  A  thoOBUid 
blind  men  might  have  been  itigenioas 
in  finding  resources ;  there  are  po  limits 
to  the  devices  of  the  human  mind ;  but 
tfaia  ia  a  work  of  tbe  heart.  It  is  the 
heart  tbai,  in  this  case,  opened  itself  so 
quickly  to  elevating  consolatione.  It 
was  tbe  heart  whioh  reeonciied  him  to 
his  unfortunate  lot — which  acoeptcd  a 
new  life.  Be  not  led  into  enot ;  it  is  not 
1  who  have  ssTcd  him ;  it  is  hia  affec- 
tion for  me.  His  warm  gratitude  has 
filed  hia  being,  and  soslained  him  ;  ho 
ia  restored,  because  he  baa  loved  !" 

At  this  moment  Jacques  rose  scfily, 
hearing  their  voices,  and  with  a  kind  of 
delicate  discretion,  said  to  hia  wife, 

"  Let   ua   go,  without  making   any 

"  You  are  going,  Jacques  \ " 

"I  interrupt  yon,  my  dear  ^L  Des- 
grattgea." 

"  No,  May  longer,"  aaid  his  bene- 
fiiOtor,  and  approached,  cordially  ex- 
tending his  hand.  The  blind  man 
seised  and  pressed  it  to  bis  breast. 

"  My  dear,  hind  friend  !''  hs  cried, 
"  you  permit  me  to  stay  longer  wiih 
you  !  yoa  know  bow  happy  it  makes 
nM  to  be  with  you.  Whenever  I  am 
mdaneholy,  I  aay  to  myaelf,  Jacques, 
the  good  God,  because  tbou  hast  auBer' 
ed  ranch,  will  perhaps  place  thee  to  like 
same  paradise  with  Monsieur  Des- 
grangea,  and  the  thought  givM  me  joy 

Tbe  young  man  lattghed,  in  apite  of 
bimaelf,  at  this  eimeaaon  of  regard. 
"  Tou  laagh,  HonaieBr  t    And  ia  it 


'aegvet.  [My, 

not  he  who  has  made  Jaotpiaa  a  maa 
again !  I  have  never  seen  lum,  but  hia 
image  is  always  before  me.  Ob,  if 
Godshoulderetgive  me  mj  eyes  again, 
I  would  gase  cpon  bim  always,  like  th* 
sun,  lilt  he  aaid  to  me,  '  Jaoqnea,  go 
away,  thou  weariest  me  1'  but  Ilb  wodd 
■ot  aay  so,  he  is  loo  good." 

"  Jacques !  Jacques  I"  said  H.  Des- 
grangea  grarely,  interrupting  him.  Bat 
tbe  blind  man  went  on  - 

"  I  rejoiee  when  1  know  he  ia  in  tbe 
Tillage  ;  1  dare  not  oonts  hither  aa  often 
as  I  wish,  hut  I  pass  before  tbe  house, 
which  always  stands  there ;  and  wtwm 
he  ia  gone  on  a  journey,  1  make  Juli- 
enne lead  me  to  the  plain  of  Noiaemont, 
and  hid  her  turn  me  in  the  direction  in 
which  he  has  gone,  that  I  may  breaths 
tbe  same  air  with  bim." 

H.  Desgiangea  placed  bis  hand  on 
his  mouth,  but  Jacqoea  esc^ied  ftna 
the  restraint. 

"  You  are  right,  Monaiear  Desgrao- 
gea  I  my  mooih  ia  a  fool,  it  ia  oo^ 
my  heart  that  can  apeak.  Come,  wife," 
continued  he,  gaily,  and  wiping  awajr 
the  tears  that  rolled  from  his  sightleaa 
eyeballs,  "  we  must  go  and  get  sapper 
for  the  young  ones.  Adieu,  my  dear, 
kind  friend !     Adien,  Monsieur " 

And  be  went  out,  feeling  before  him 
with  bis  stick.  As  he  pat  hia  hand 
upon  the  latch  M.  Desgraages  called 
him  back. 

'.'  I  have  a  piece  of  news  yet  that 
will  please  yoo,  Jacques,"  said  he.  "I 
bad  intended  to  leave  ths  village  this 
Tear,  bot  I  have  joat  agreed  upon  a 
lease  of  five  years  with  my  landlady." 

"  There,  JuUenoe,"  said  the  Uind 
man  lurniog  to  bis  wife  ;  "  did  1  not 
tell  thee  he  intended  to  go  away?" 

"  How  did  you  know  it !  I  forttade 
every  one  to  say  anything  to  you  about 
it." 

"  Yea — bat " —  be  placed  bis  hand 
upon  his  heart,  "  thii  informed  me.  I 
heard  a  few  words,  a  month  ago,  whioh 
eansed  me  some  trouble  in  my  mind ; 
and  then.  Monsieur,  last  Sunday,  yoai 
landlady  called  me,  and  apefce  to  me  in 
a  manner  much  more  kind  and  frieodlj 
than  usual.  AlXeiwards  I  said  to  taf 
wife,  '  now  I  know  thai  Honaienr  Des- 
grnngea  ia  eeriaioly  going  to  leave  us, 
that  woman  wanted  to  cona^e  m«.'  " 

Jnequee    departed  a  ftw  i 
after. 


lizcdbyGoOl^Ic 


jUv  tf  lA«  fiUpriwiwrf  JTn^U  ,•  or,  1A«  Ar^t-nH-mL 


LAY  OP  THE  IMPRISONED  KNIGHT;  OR,  THE  POSGET-ME-NOT. 


As  !  well  I  know  the  loreliaat  flowor, 

The  fairest  of  the  Ikir, 
Of  *U  that  deck  mjr  lady's  bower, 

Or  bind  her  flowing  hair. 
And  in  theve  dreary  walla  I  pine. 
Or  I  woatd  make  the  treaaare  mtDe ; 
Bat  be  it  Bquire,  or  be  it  knight, 

Who  brings  it  here  to  me, 
Behold  ihie  jewel,  bluing  bright. 

His  gnerdon  it  shall  be. 

TBI  Boei. 
Beneath  thy  grated  window's  seat, 

Beneath  Ihj  castle  wall, 
I  bloom  amid  my  kindred  sweet, 

The  sweetest  of  them  all. 
And  surely,  then,  Sir  Knight,  'tis  I 

For  whom  thy  wishes  long. 
For  whom  they  draw  the  weary  sigh, 

For  whom  they  wake  the  song. 

To  thee,  when  Teniai  Mphyra  blow, 
The  sweetest  breath  was  given ; 

Hie  brightest  hne  that  decks  the  bow 

.  Thai  spans  the  arch  of  hesven. 

Tby  tints  may  bloom  on  beauty's  brow 
As  radiant  ss  her  own  ;    ' 

But,  lovely  rose,  it  is  not  thou 
For  whom  I  make  my  looan. 


Her  haagtity  glance  the  rose  may  c>M 

O'er  all  the  sut^ect  plain  ; 
The  lily's  fatmblet  charms  sarpasaed 

The  pomp  of  Judah's  reign. 
Esoh  heart  where  virtuous  paaaiona  rtsa. 

And  chaste  emotions  lie, 
May  lesrn,  9ir  Knight,  like  yoo,  to  priie 

The  flower  of  poiity. 


This  heart  is  pare,  ^is  hand  is  clear, 

I  boast  them  free  from  slain ; 
Yet  while  one  beats  in  prison  here. 

The  other's  might  is  Tain. 
Ajm),  loTely  flower,  the  image  thou 

Of  virgin  beauty's  form, 
Bnt,  ah !  thy  drooping  petals  bow 

Before  December's  storm. 


Digitized  by  CtOO^Ic 


jMf  ti  At  Imprittiud  Knight  t  or,  (At  Forgtt4itMmt. 

TBI  CAUUnON. 

The  wsrder  of  this  tianghtj  tower 

Has  rear'd  me  inlo  day  ; 
Ai>d  well  the  proad  carnatian's  flower 

The  carcB  of  man  repaj. 
In  Flora's  thoueand  glories  dretMd, 

My  Taried  petala  bloom ; 
And  well  the  loaded  galea  allQM 

Tbeii  bnrdeas  of  perfame. 


Yea,  fottercd  bj  tbe  care  of  man, 

Id  Banahine  or  in  shade, 
The  peasant  rears  thee  aa  he  can. 

Or  TiewB  Ihoe  droop  and  fade. 
A  flower  which  feara  not  winlsr'a  harm*, 

Tbe  ilia  that  wait  on  yaa, 
Oflowl;  &Dd  of  native  charms, 

iiy  wisbei  ■till  puraoe. 

TBI  vioLvr. 
From  tbe  far  covert  of  die  grove 

All  bumble  I  implore ; 
If  each.  Sir  Knight,  the  flower  ;oa  loie, 

Thy  wear;  search  is  o'er. 
No  peasant's  hand  nwj  e'er  invade, 

"ro  culture  or  to  bill. 
The  shelter  of  the  wild  wood'a  shade 

Tbat  akirts  the  distaat  hill. 

Thy  modest  beauties  well  I  [oite, 

RetirJDK  from  the  view. 
Fare  as  the  light  of  beattty'a  eyea, 

Atid  of  their  aanre  fane. 
Noi  on  the  mountain's  shelving  aide. 

Not  in  the  cdltared  ground. 
Nor  in  the  garden's  painted  pride 

The  flower  I  seek  is  found. 

Where  time  on  Sorrow's  page  of  sluon 

Haa  filed  iu  envioos  Uot, 
Or  svrept  the  record  from  the  toodi. 

It  aa^ B  Foaerr-Ma-NoT. 
And  this  ia  still  the  loveliest  flower, 

Tbe  fairest  of  the  fair, 
OraO  tbat  deck  my  lady's  bower, 

Or  bind  her  flowug  hair. 


lizcdbyGoOl^Ic 


JSmw'j  Am  ^irit  tf  tkt  Ag*. 


HOBNE'S  NEW  SPIRIT  OF  THE  AGE." 

l^oc  attempt  to  daguerreotTpft,  as  it  in  &  long  histoi;.    In  :i  poilrait,  wo  re< 

ware,  t<io  living'  fantarce  of  the  most  quire  more  than  meicly  a,  head,  which 

diHiingaiahcd  men  of  the  age,  ia  no  occars  in  a  great  hisiarical  painting, 

alight  one :  it  implies  boldneaii,  at  least,  From  the  very  laet,  then,  nf  their  jso- 

if  it  does  not  argne  presumption.    With  lated  position,  these  portraits  chaMenga 

this  charge  HailiKwasnut  unjustly  at-  attention,  and  seem  to  inri'a  criticism.  . 

taclisd  by  the  Kdinburgh  Review,  on  tho  Thus  it  appeared  lo  us  v.iih  regrard  lo 

appearance  of  his  own  btiHianJ  galbry  the   S[)irit  of  the  Age  fi'mtriy,  and 

or  portraits,  bearing  the  same  title  as  with  this  New  Spirit  of  the  Agp  now. 

that  which  appearsasthecaptiontolhis  At  best,  it   is  an  awkirard  method  of 

Kper.     Mr.  llorne  has  modelled  his  writing.    The  manner  of  writing  is  a 

ok  indirectly  on  that  of  Hazlitt,  and  mixed  mode.     You  have  portrait,  essay 

with  the  same  characteristic  confidence,  and  criticism  in  one  sketch.     Now  we 

has  far  less  of  almost  every  otherqnali-  look  in  a  portrait  for  nothing  else,  yet 

?that  distinijuiBhed  the  anthoT ofTable  strict    adherence    to     pure    character 

ilk.excepttbosemostlsndableTirtnes  writing  would  too  much  diminish  the 

of  sincerity  and  a  love  of  the  truth,  size  of  the  book — consequently  mcta- 

Mr.  Home  cannot  lay  claim  to  the  bril-  phvsicat  disquisition  is  introduced,  in 

tiancy  or  the  acateness  of  his  master,  order   to   ijicrcase   it.      The   style  of 

though  he  is  aomctimes  ingenious  (his  these  sketches,  too,  ia  apt  to   bceoms, 

attempts  at  declamation  are  often  insaf-  from  the  nature  of  the  subject,  a  little 

ferably  absurd);  bnt  when  he  aims  to  ambitious,  some^mes  inflated,  and  fre- 

hit  the  gist  of  a  question,  to  gel  at  the  quently  altogether  viciotis.      This  ia 

truth,  he  is  generally  sound  and  sensi-  true  more  particularly  of  Hailitt.     Mr. 

hie.     He  fails  much  rather  in  excess  of  Home  is  a  much  plainer  writer,  when 

eulogy,  than  of  censnrc, — a  generous  he  writes  from  his  good  sense,  but  his 

&ult,  that  does  bnt  little  h^rm.     Yet  attempts  at  fine  writing  are  oflen  simply 

his  book  is  full  of  defects,  most  of  which  ridiculous.     Let  any  one  read  the  last 

consist  rather  in  omission  than  in  per-  page  of  the  last  paper  in  the  volume  if 

formancc.     The  title  is  a  striking  one,  he  doobts  our  judgment,  or  suspects  a 

and  promises  a  good  deal ;  docs  it  ao-  want  of  appreciation.     Perhaps,  after 

eofflplish  as  much  1  is  it  satisfactory  !  all,  honever,  we  are   not  rightly  situ- 

That  must   be  our  first   inqniry ;    for  ated   lo   estimate   fairly   this    kind   of 

from  a  book  of  this  kind,  one  is  inclined  writing.     For  ten  years  we  have  dealt 

to  look  for  a  bird's-eye  view  of  contem-  pretty  extensively  in  this  sort  of  wares, 

poiary  literature  (if  not  of  science,  also);  Li  tei'ary  criticism  has  been  on  r  hobby, — ' 

and  at  the  same  time  for  spiriled  and  a  Utile  over-ridden  of  late,— and  ws 

faithful  individual  t^haracterB.    Ddtaeh-  must  confess  we  begin  lo  lire  of  the 

«d  aketehcB  uf  this  snrl  attract  much  trade.     Say   what  we  may,  (hers  is  a, 

more  attention  than  similar  portraitures  certain  eant  of  criticism — a  species  of 

in  a  long  work ;  and  also  infer  more  re-  schnlaslic  skng,  into  which  one  is  apt 

liancB  in  the  moral  painler.     In  Clarcn-  to  fall.     We  get  afWr  a  while  into  tlie 

don,  in  Burnet,  In  GibbnR,or  in  llume,  habit  of  readin;;  boaksalmoel  solely  for 

wo  expect  liaished  miniatures;  but  if  the  sake  of  nritiitf  upon  tham,  and  loss 

eithec  of  these  masters  of  the  histori-  all  relish  for  wo:kB  that  do  not  make  a 

cal  style  had  given  ns  only  separate  constant  appeal  to  ihe  judgment,  and 

e'ctures,  we  should  have  required  more  critical    anal/sis.       Short,    incidental 

bor  and  pains  than   we  expect  lo  be  critiques,    vritten     from     fullness    of 

bealowed   on  the  incidental  character  knowledge,   in  a  sincere   and   hearty 

drawing  which  must  frequently  occur  ipiritiSiul  with  a  clear  eye,  are  certatn- 


•«ANew  Spirit  of  the  An."    Edited  to  R.  H.  BotMi  pp.  360 1  Hrir  Yack, 
3.  C.  Biker.  1641. 

vol.   XV. — HO.  LXXIIi.  4 


I  =y  Google 


^7T7'; 


rs 


> 


Hornt't  Nta  Spirit  of  the  Age, 


[My, 


}y  more  graWfnt  than  long,  tbrma],  eel 
criticiBins  1  yet  we  have  commettced 
the  task,  and  will  caaclude  it  aa  ve  best 

There  are  certain  obvioua  defects  in 
the  book,  and,  as  it  is  our  first  [lutji,  so 
it  will  be  our  aim,  to  attempt  a  fair 
e  of  that.  The  title  is  a  nis- 
—  the  leading  porlratta,  with 
xceptions,  are  of  ihoae  who  be- 
lt least  as  much  to  Hazliti's  peri' 


od  as  to  that  to  which  Mr.  Home  pro- 
fesses to  have  confined  himself.  They 
aie  of  the  last  age  of  authorship.  And 
of  the  living  writers  many  are  barely 
cteTei  writers,  pleasant  authors,  to  be 
mre,  but  very  far  from  ranking  with 
the  controlling  minds  of  the  period. 
Great  ioeqaalily,  not  only  in  kind  but 
of  degree  also,  is  to  be  found  among 
manv  who  ate  here  placed  on  the  same 
ierel ;  much  the  same  thing  as  if  in  the 
official  list  of  the  officers  of  the  army. 
Captains,  Generals,  Majors, and  Corpo- 
lals,  were  classed  together  in  the  same 
rank.  Dickens,  Bulwer,  Macaulay, 
Carlyle,  are  leading  iniellecta — tepre- 
•ent  certain  classes  of  JilcTature,  of 
which  they  stand  at  the  head,  but  Mary 
Howitt  (delightful  as  she  is  in  her  best 
and  earliest  hooks),  is  by  no  means  of 
tbo  same  order  of  mind,  and  belongs, 
in  fact,  to  a  much  lower  grade  :  neither 
is  the  author  of  the  Ingoldsby  Legends, 
nor,  at  least,  one-half  the  names  that 
might  be  mentioned,  entitled  to  such  a 
nsnding  and  consideration  as  tbeir  po- 
sition in  the  bonk  implies.  In  a  volume 
of  portraits  of  the  leading  minds  of  the 
age,  ihoae  only  should  be  iocluded 
whose  efforts  really  leave  their  mark 
behind  them,  giving  ibo  age  its  form 
and  prestute.  To  tell  the  truth,  the 
book  was  not  wanted,  whence  arises 
no  small  portion  of  diasalisfacliun. 
Haalitt  had  painted  the  portraits  of  the 
brilliant  and  jiiilicious  of  his  age,  like 
another  Titian,  to  which  but  very  few 
new  names  ought  to  be  added.  The 
selection,  too,  has  ^een  unfortunate ; 
some  of  the  best  naues  having  been 
omitted.  Thus  Lord  Ashley  and  Dr. 
Souibwood  Smith,  most  norUiy  in  their 
sphere,  still  do  not  represeit  the  Ihera- 
ry  character  of  the  present  day.  Nei- 
dier  do  several  of  the  illustrious  ob- 
scure among  the  poetic  favorttes  of 
Hi.  Hoine,  who  appears  to  ohetiah 
Ihese  poetic  failures,  out  of  misplaced 
iMDevowncfl  and  unwise  sympathy. 
Very  many  cleret  men  ought  never  to 


appear  in  a  work  like  this,  wfakh  should 
be  devoted  to  theit  masters.  Sydney 
Smith,  Hook,  Hunt,  lender,  Words- 
worth, belong  to  the  past.  Haxlilt, 
singularly  enough,  did  not  include  (be 
witty  Canon  of  St.  Paul's,  while  he 
sketched  the  features  of  Jeffrey,  GiT- 
ford,  Brougham,  ajtd  Soothey.  Mtrange 
omissions,  (oo,  may  be  noted  ;  thus  we 
have  a  half  dozen  mediocre  poets, — and 
the  manly  Elliott  is  omitted^ undoubt- 
edly a  true  poet  of  the  people,  a  genuine 
product  of  this  century ;  we  should  add 


Clat 


a  the 


r  Ellioi 


word  of  Miss  Edgeworth,  the  head  of 
the  Irish  novelists,  in  a  professed  paper 
00  Ihcm.  Hazlitt  gives  us  Bentharo, 
that  original  representatiTe  of  the 
Utilitarians,  yet  Uorne  does  not  give  us 
John  Mill,  bis  adherent  and  disciple. 
Many  bright  periodical  writers,  as  Foa- 
ler  of  the  Examiner,  the  best  literary 
critic  of  Ibo  English  press,  are  passed 
over  in  silence ;  so,  loo,  of  the  clever 
magazinists,  of  the  writers  in  tlie  Pen- 
ny M^szine  and  Penny  Cyclopedia, 
tie.  The  new  school  of  translators, 
with  Mrs.  Austin,  is  not  tJluded  to.  If 
Lord  Ashley  is  introduced,  the  excellent 
and  able  Horner  ought  to  be,  also. 
Not  one  historian  is  meotioucd.  Not 
a  syllable  of  Mr.  Hallam,  Sharon  Tur- 
ner, Dr.  Lingard,  Sir  Francis  Pitlgrave, 
&c.,  though  these  writers  have  con- 
fessedly founded  a  new  school  of  his- 
tory, and  given  a  new  face  to  the  An- 
gIn-Saxon  history,  to  the  constitutional 
hitlory  of  England,  and  to  the  liistory 
of  the  English  Church. 

Pusey  and  Puseyism  might  he  omit- 
ted, without  any  detriment  to  a  fail 
view  of  the  literary  character  of  the 
age,  but  if  the  subject  is  at  all  intro- 
duced, these  names  should  be  added  to 
bis— Newman,  Keble  and  Palmer— men, 
writers  and  disciples  perhaps  writing 
under  and  after  him,  vet  much  his  su- 
periors. The  Oiford  school  of  histo- 
rians, poets  and  preachers,  is  at  least  aa 
characteristic  aa  the  Irish  school  of 
novelists.  We  da  not  so  much  com- 
plain that  a  sufficient  number  of  writers 
are  not  mentioned,  aa  we  do  that  some 
arc,  who  might  be  much  betlei  passed 
over,  and  mho  fill  the  place  of  better 
men.  The  writers  are  strangely  group- 
ed  together  :    in   one   paper. 


Jfi44.]                           Hontf*  Nob  Spirit  of  A*  Age.  SI 

BUtely  conjoined  we  oannot  noder-  tbe  Reriew.  We  shall,  tberefate,  pte- 
eUnd.  They  are  all  men  of  wit,  and  aent  pencit-sketchea  of  Dickena  and 
writers  in  whom  ibu  qaalitjr  is  promi-  Biitwer,  Carliale  and  Macaolaj,  with  % 
sent  and  cfaancteriatical.  Yet  Iheii  few  pen  and  ink  louche*  of  other  pKK 
wit  ie  iadJTidnal,  aad  of  the  moat  oppo-  filea.  Mr.  Horns  leads  aS  with  DLok- 
■ils  oharaciera.  One  is  a  divine,  the  ena  [the  whole  series  may  be  likened 
■econd  a  jonmaliBt,  the  third  a  miacel-  to  a  contra-dauce,  in  which  the  moat 
lueouB  wtiter ;  of  the  two  last  named  opposite  characters  are  diatingnished 
die  Arst  is  a  generoas  and  kindly  ho-  by  antilheticat  contrast]. 
xaorist,  the  last  a  coarse  and  vulgar  From  hia  vast  popataiity,  no  less 
•Btirist.  One  la  the  last  of  the  old  line  than  his  meiit  and  anccess,  the  name 
of  olerica]  satirists,  another  ia  a  sharp,  of  Uickeni  occuis  first  in  a  liil  of  eon- 
shrewd,  poUlical  wit,  the  third  is  a  temporary  writers.  He  ia  undoobtedly 
lively  pointer  of  tnanmis  and  moral  the  best  living  novelist.  Yet  hia  uteri [0^ 
satirist.  Between  Tom  Hood  and  ^aal  as  they  are,  ate  not  unaecoapft' 
Theodore  Hook,  there  ia  the  least  Bted  by  striking  defeots,  and  it  is  our 
poMible  sympathy  :  Hood,  a  poet  of  object  now,  rather  to  notice  these  since 
■Detancy,awit,asapQnsterunnuiched,  ihaae  have  been  so  warmly  adrocated 
with  keen  sense  and  fresh  feeling,  and  aod  frankly  recognized.  In  hia  beat 
a  ^neral  hnmoiiat  of  the  best  class,  wnrks  eten,  and  in  the  hnraoroas  por- 
Heok,  an  aeute  man  of  the  world,  a  lions  of  them,  he  is  very  ^i  to  run  iatv 
olsf  et  painter  of  Tnlgaiity  aod  high  esricature.  His  muae  ia  riant  and  oret- 
lifo,  and  a  Tiirient  paitixan  writer,  steps  the  modestT  of  nature,  He  ia 
orrerltewing  with  iJiuse  and  TiraleDce.  oflea  compared  witli  Hogarth,  whom  is 
TIria  wotk,  too,  labors  under  the  tBony  respects  he  reaemblea  [petbapa 
defeet  of  being  a  profeaaed  continoation  the  reader  is  not  aware  that  the  novel- 
(alwaya  a  heavy  dnwbaek)  and  also  a  ist  is  married  to  a  grand -daughter  tiS 
close  intitation.  It  is  true  the  imita-  the  great  arliat,  a  tit  canjunction  in  tha 
tton  ia  confined  chiefly  to  the  manner  aristocracy  of  genius — the  only  genuine 
of  handling,  yet  the  matter  is  in  moat  aristocracy] ;  yet,  we  make  bold  to 
eases  hardly  worthy  of  it.  Too  mach  snggest  a  much  closer  resemblance  t» 
Ima  been  attempted  altogether.  Too  Cruikshank.  In  this  parallel,  we  \rf 
wide  a  range  was  at  first  marked  out,  no  means  intend  to  depreciate  the  no-- 
and  the  fUling  up,  is,  conseqnentty  velist,  nor  exaggerate  the  lalcni  of  the 
meagre.  Yet  the  volume  has  certain  admirable  artist.  Cruikshank  ia, 
geaenl  merit.  It  is  in  the  main  fair  in  his  walk,  unrivalled,  and  eomea 
and  judicious  ;  some  of  the  slighter  much  closer  to  Hogarth,  in  our  judg- 
sketcfaeB  being  ertremely  well  done,  ment,  thui  Uickens  himself.  Yei  iit 
The  notices  of  Ainswnrth  and  Satan  both  writer  and  artist,  there  are,  com- 
Hontgomery  are verycleverandnoless  pared  with  Hofl^rth,  similar  detieiei»- 
tme.  Tbe  judgments  passed  on  tbe  cies;  a  want  of  substantial  force  an<fi 
Borelista  are  very  well  extatted.  The  riebncsa  of  materials — something  too 
merits  of  Tennyson  are  endiusiastical'  much  of  sketchiiiess  end  comparative 
)y,  and  in  a  spirit  of  true  appreciative  meagrenesa,  witli  a  similar  tendeoev  ti* 
eriticism,  brought  forward.  So  much  estravagancn  and  burlesque.  The 
fiir  the  work  itsrif.  We  shall  by  no  paper  on  Dickens  is  very  full  and 
means  attempt  to  re-write  the  separate  genial — overfloning  niih  admiration 
portraits,  nor  hope  to  comprise,  in  a  andfullofingeniousobservBtion.  Front 
lew  pages,  a  general  view  of  contem-  this  we  would  wish  to  detract  little, 
por&ry  English  lileratore ;  we  will  only  Dickens  ia  primai  inter  pnmoi,  yet  by 
•ndeaf  or  to  depict  the  striking  foatores  no  tat»SM  J'actie  princtpi,  among  the 
of  a  few  of  the  leading  men  of  the  day,  writers  of  the  diiy.  Ho  has  many 
with  iuetdentallimnings  of  inferior  art-  clever  rivals,  ilill  he  surpasses  thent 
iats.  The  most  popular  literature  of  all  in  the  a^fregate.  Lover,  I^ver, . 
the  day  is  that  for  thoea  who  read  aod  Jerrold  singly,  may  give  infeiior.' 
purely  for  amosement — the  Novels;  writers"pause,"yet  DickensisamatcUi 
and  ^at  for  those  who  would  blend  for  tha  whole  body.  He  has  been  cam- 
something  of  learning  with  relaxatien,  pared  to  I^  Sage,  to  Scoit,  to  Irving; 
who  woiUd  unite  history,  philosophic  yet  we  thinb  he  has  not  been  fairly 
•eculation,  and  criticiam  with  wit,  dealt  with  by  those  1^0  would  write 
doquence  and  argument,  in  a  word —  either  his  eulogium  or  a  libel.    He  has 


,  Goog 


/3/ 


f: 


Barnt't  AVw  Spirit  of  ike  Age. 


[Jrfj, 


not  tbe  infistlQ  variel;  of  (dientnTft 
that  msiks  Gil  Blu,  8  Spanish  novel, 
albeit  ils  autbor  was  a  FrencliniMi.  He 
liunottliebistoHcal  resources  of  Si'olt, 
nor  hia  wide  Teadiog,  The  modem 
Smollelt  makea  freeh  draughts  of  life 
from  nature  and  is  little  of  a  mere 
•cbolai,  if  we  may  judge  froni  liia  writ- 
ings. Ilia  style  Uftnls  llie  elaborate 
fioiah  of  Irrisg,  whose  classic  laste 
dietiaguiahea  him  ns  almost  the  sole 
Addisonian  writei  of  the  day.  Uickena 
lias  certainly  gieaier  exuberance  aud 
liclmess  ot'  malciials  than  living,  but 
he  cannot  HaiBh  a  pictuie  with  such 
•laboiate  care  and  atlPnlion.  Lcl  the 
reader  compare,  for  inBlance,  the  best 
fteptnte  tkciches  of  the  two  wiiien, 
and  he  will  lind  the  individual  pictures 
and  ecenes  of  the  earlier  writer  the 
most  delicate.  Cunipared  with  the 
noTeliata,  our  classic  humorist  ia  a 
cabinet- painter,  confined  entirely  to 
miniatorea  or  cabinet  pictures;  still  in 
them  he  aoilea  the  fidelity  of  Uennon 
to  the  rich  coloring  of  Stuart  Newton. 
The  story  aricliabod  Crane,  the  Coun- 
try Choir,  Rip  Van  Wmkle,  and  other 
master-pieces,  ri«e  at  ottee  to  view. 
KnickeTbocker  mad  Salmagundi  con- 
tain more  of  exinTagansa  and  purely 
grotesque  descriptinn,  while  the  later 
tales  (delightful  as  they  are)  betray 
«*idesl  imitation  of  Addison  and  Gold- 
smilh.  In  character,  dramatic  force, 
vivacity  and  copioaaness,  however, 
there  eta  be  no  comparison.  Still, 
though  Itiss  striking  and  abundant,  we 
believe  Irving's  humor  (from  the  magic 
of  his  style)  will  probably  ontlast  the 
more  flaunting  works  of  more  popular 
anthoca,  in  the  same  line.  Dickens 
haa  much,  however,  beaida  hia  humor 
to  recommend  him ;  although  it  vras 
that  quality  by  which  be  firat  gained 
die  ear  of'^the  poblia,  and  that,  upon 
which  he  roust  mainly  rely  for  more 
popularity.  He  has  almoat  always  a 
moral  purpose,  to  expose  hypocrisy, 
awaken  honest  indignation,  or  excite 
the  too  often  dull  and  latent  feeling  of 
humanity.  lie  haa,  in  general,  manli- 
ness  of  sentiment  in  spite  of  a  senli- 
mentaiitj  he  ia  obliged  to  assume,  from 
its  exceeding  popularity.  The  publio 
at  large  has  no  perception  of  delicate 
foeling  and  not  much  idea  of  the  lim- 

Slicity  of  deep  •cnlimenl — in  writing. 
^  weak  sentimentality  too  oHen  usurp* 
it*  place,  mora  agreealde  to  the  public 


palate  and  more  con^nial  to  Uie  cora- 

<>ur  author,  notwithstanding,  eome- 
linies  dtan-s  honest  tears  of  geiirrotM 
cympalhy,  for  the  we^tk  subjects  of  op> 
ptcfeHioa  and  wrong.  He  would  aaaiat 
the  St  ru)r^ling  and  defend 'the  oppressed. 
He  u'Liuld  at  imalc  all.  Man  is  dear  to 
him,  as  hia  fellow,  and  he  would  aid 
him  aa  hia  friend.  Of  the  apecial  >t- 
lacta  of  Dickens  opon  onr  countfy,  wo 
think  they  must  furnish  in  ihemselves 
a  sufHcicnt  puniehment  for  him.  The^ 
convict  him  of  meanness  and  ingrati- 
tude— tlie  lowei>1,  and  one  of  the  bigfa- 
eal  crimes  a  man  can  be  guilty  of.  Ia 
the  same  book,  there  arc  stiii  admirable 
things,  as  the  account  of  his  voyage  is 
as  good  in  its  way,  as  Rabelais'  des- 
cription of  a  stcrm  at  aea.  His  ac- 
counts too,  of  the  public  iastiiutioim  bs 
visited,  are  no  less  excellent.  But  hia 
social  pictnrea  are  oot  only  unfair,  bat 
much  wone.  In  truth,  Dickens  was 
not  the  proper  Judge  of  our  state  of  so- 
ciety, nor  of  any  data  of  companj 
above  the  cmnmon.     To  bo  a  judg«  «f 

sufficient  merely  to  bo  able  to  depict 
the  opposite  style.  A  comic  writer  is 
not,  necessarily,  a  geniteman  or  a  tnsn 
of  feeling.  The  author  was  esacntialljr 
a  cockney ;  hie  dress  betrayed  him  : 
(the  flash  vest,  long  hair,  corded  pan- 
talooDS,  watch  guard,  Si.e.)  his  nan- 
ners,  phrases,  uid  sir.  Alwsys  fond 
of  describing  such  character*,  he  is  oot 
altogether  without  a  strong  fellow  feel* 
ing  for  them,  that  generally  makes  us 
to  wondrona  kind.  These  are  among 
bis  best  akelches,  the  Benjamin  Aliens, 
Dick  Swivellers,  and  the  like.  All  pec- 
BOnal  defects  and  literary  sios,  however, 
we  consider  expiated  by  the  last  pro- 
duction of  Mr.  Dickens — his  charming 
Christmas  Carol,  a  work  which  does 
honor  lo  human  nature.  It  ia  a  nobis 
work,  in  every  point  of  view,  and  to- 
getber  with  Oliver  Twist,  the  beat 
caricatures  in  Pickwick  and  NicklebT. 
ioBi;ree  a  permanent  reputation  for  lis 
author.  It  tea  work  calculated  to  open 
the  heart  closed  lo  the  dull  moan  of 
human  Buffering,  and  extend  the  sym- 
pathies of  those,  who  have  centered  all 
feeling  in  the  narroweai  possible  circle, 
of  K'hich  self  is  the  centre. 

Mr.  Horne'a  catimaie  of  Dicben^ 

ran  to  ns,  ttflei  all,  exag^rated. 
we  believe  it  aincwe.    Tiwd  by  • 


z.d- Google 


1644.]                           Home't  Nm  ^Ht  of  the  Agt.  53 

liigh  BtaDdard,  the  admirer  of  Dickans  eomparabl;  his  best.  This  jea  d'esprit 
nDHt  abate  somewbat  of  liis  admintton.  of  oririeism  was  pronoanced  at  the  time 
Compared  with  Fielding  and  Smdielt,  b|f  the  North  American  Re>iew  (for 
Dickens  is  bat  ''eldest  apprentice  in  April,  1B40),  as,  containing  '*nior0 
the  (their)  achool  of  art.'  with  all  his  troth  in  a  short  space,  npon  the  works 
auperioTtt;  of  fullness  and  diulogue,  he  of  that  great  mjislagoguo  of  modern 
has  great  artistic  defects,  no  less  than  frivolity  and  nonsense,  than  we  have 
geniuB  inferior  to  theirs.  He  cannot,  elsewhere  »cen."  Though  this  notice 
Mr.  Horne  admits,  constmct  a  plat  for  is  fiir  more  Haltering  than  in  eooth,  wa 
a  long  work,  nor  condact  a  fictitious  most  confess,  the  very  slight  skotcb  de- 
history  with  Fielding's  matchless  skill,  serres,  stiJl  we  quote  it  in  part  apologj 
Neither  has  he  the  metaphysical  nicety  fur  employing  the  same  materials.  We 
and  pbiloeophie  ^11  in  discriminating  are  not  aware,  bowsTcr,  that  we  shoalcl 
ebaracier  of  the  proee-Ho«ner  of  hnman  materially  alter  the  judgment  expressed, 
Dalsre.  Smollett,  too,  is  hin  master  in  thon^h  certain  expressions  ought  to  be 
Mberthings.  InwarmthandTtgorofsen-  modified,  which  the  jest  leajler  cbd 
timent,  in  certain  indiTidna!  chameters  manage  for  himself  : 
that  are  to  be  regarded  as  types  of  hn- 
mantty,  in  romantio  adventure,  in  epi- 
sodes, in  true  hamor,  in  scholarship.  ,  ..^_ 
In  pure  style,  too,  exactly  adapted  to  larity.  The  admimble  snceetsor  ofSmoU 
his  subjects,  Smollett's  is  the  best.  In  lett  and  Fieldiog,  Mr.  Dickens,  equals  bin 
one  line  of  writing,  the  descriptions  of  i"  'he  Ian  respect,  but  is  witUl,  a  »ery 
sea  life,  Smollett  was  the  first,  and  is  modest  nan— for  an  author.  The  first 
•till,  the  best— who  hot  ha  has  painted  osmed  itentlemanisthemost  sncceaafuloT 
»  Trunnion,  a  Pipes,  a  Bowling,  &c. ;  blerary  impostors,  having  palmed  off  more 
BMCooper,  not  MIrfyat^not  the  French  "^""'t^l  '"ll,  """^t"'*  ""  "";  ^^'^  J" 
■■.■■.....\ri.  .ri.i.  *  .?„»i.  «(,...>«.  „f  anyolhcrwnterof  theptesentday.  Pos- 
ravine  nOTelists.  A  single  chapter  of  ^singon^  qu,ii„aloneinperr«tion.  he 
Roderick  Random  u  worth  a  half  has  obtained,  fmm -skilful  Lrci«;  ofiu 
rolume  of  the  suceeMOnJ  of  Smollett,  the  credit  of  jwaessina  ait  others.  Were 
ID  thiB  way  of  writing.  Almost  Uie  ^e  weak  enough  to  be  deluded  by  the 
poorest  work  of  Smollett  conlains  bail»  be  holds  out  in  his  prefaces,  we 
characters  and  writing,  equal  to  the  should  have  considered  him  the  most  ori- 
best  of  Dickens.  If  any  one  doubts  ginalof  writers,  a!  well  as  the  profoandesl 
OUT  judgment  let  him  read  for  himseir.  of  phihisophers.  He  spesks  of  analyzing 
The  rapidity  of  Diekena'  pen  does  not  certain  passions  and  punting  characters, 
aDow  him  to  cherish  the  excellences  "«  ""  no  one  before  had  ever  succeeded 
of  style  (that  charm  of  manner,  which  ''^'""^  '"  •imilar  attempts.  He  will  show 
has  enriched  and  preserved  often  quite  ^"'»  '"^''^  ""'«■■  wi'ers  bsva  been,  ta 
inferior  matter).  We  doubt,  for  this  '"'^''  ""^  "?'"  "penor.ty-biulding  h>a 
reason,  if  even  llie  finest  of  Dickens'  ''W-'re|.ulaUononlhen..ns«ndrra8Dients 
prodnetione  will  outlast  the  Vicar  of  1"'.  -,!^  i  ^l^"". ?'«=""%''"- 
&-._.!  1 1  -  I  -  .  tecia  «'Q0  would  erect  edihces  of  (tone 
Wakefield-^specimcQ  of  tbe  minia-  f„m  the  defaced  alatues  of  anliquity. 
tnrenovel  which  Schlegel  prononnces  "Asa  wriicrof  ficiion.Mr.BuIwerhaa 
the  best  ever  written.  We  may  be  attempted  much:  let  us  see  what  he  has 
thought  very  old-fashioned  for  our  re-  really  accomplished.  In  what  has  he  sne- 
trospective  admiration,  but  time  thus  ceeded,  or  in  what  failed  ?  His  fkilures, 
far  lias  proved  an  argument  in  oMr  fa-  in  our  estimate,  predominate  so  greatly, 
*or.  Dr.  Moore  (luthor  of  Zcliico,  that  we  will  begin  with  them. 
&e.)  preferred  by  Burns  to  Addison  "His  chief  diaraeltn  are, lovers, sln< 
and  Sterne,  is  a  reapectabic  competitor  dents,  line  geotlemeo,  men  of  the  world, 
with  Dickeaa.  Yet,  we  wouW  place  and  CuWic  personages.  The  first  are  any. 
DickeoB,froMtheaffiueoceofhismiDd,  ""?8  »>a'  true  and  sincere ;  they  are, 
•biTTe  the  two  last  and  immediately  ^fher,  elegant  libertines.  Hi.  stndeats. 
next  below  Smoilett~a  position,  we  ji""''!^'  »»  *«  suppose,  as  repr^en la- 
feel  that  he  ooght  to  be  MLtUfled  w^th.  ^l'^/'^"  ^f '  ^l^^^'^^rA  ""': 
■n  ^1  ■  ses— are  gonn  critics  enoueh,  and  snrcvd 
Byway  of  pendant  or  rather  con-  observcisT  but  feverish  in  Iheir  aspira- 
traat,  we  Bubjo.n  a  portrait  of  Bolwcr,  ijons,  and  misanthropic.  His  fine  genlle-- 
which  we  wrote  aome  years  ago  and  men  and  men  of  the  world,  ate  well 
previonaly  to  the  appearance  of  his  drawni  Ihiais  hlsfone.end  he  Mecatcsil 
B«  two  wotks,  in  oar  judgmeot  in-  mtavm*.    He  it  strongest  in  delineatins 


Google 


■fr 


Hone's  .VeiD  Spirit  »/  tit  Agt. 


9i 

liMKlMiiieH  and  wotiilj  raHr-  Of  late, 
•titee  be  baa  beeo  eteraled  into  paUic 
life,  he  has  conceiTcd  a  great  pasaion  Tor 
detcribing  public  men.  An  intenM  ego- 
tism  pervajes  all  bis  ebaracters.  He 
draws  from  hiatafif,  we  suspect,  for  loost 
ofliis  materialo  ;  and  from  the  siagleaess 
of  bia  awn  ebaracter,  there  resnlls  a  great 
aameneis  in  all  his  irorks.  His  egotism, 
too,  is  not  of  the  fnnk,  relyiai;  nature  of 
the  great  old  viiter^  bat  it  is  an  aneatf 
competition  of  artificial  modesty  and  irri- 
table vanitf.  Alt  of  the  dramaiu  ptr- 
tonrn  are  cut  aAer  the  same  paltero,  and 
made  from  tha  same  blockj  each  one  of 
a  clan  reaemblei  all  the  olhcn  of  (he  saiae 
class.  Their  sentinieBts  are  provided  for 
the  occksioD — Kcond'hand,  not  of  tpon- 
taoeovs  growth)  the;  sit  awkvardlj  on 

"His  pAtbsopAu  is  borrowed  from  the 
French ;  his  hpad  is  Riled  vrilh  mailms 
drawn  from  the  moralisls  of  thai  nalion, 
and  rrom  L«lin  writers.  He  is  a  [[real 
admirer  of  Hclvetins — a  sensualist,  a  glit- 
tering, paradoxical  sophist.  He  is  a 
Frenchman  in  dis^isc,  with  nothing  ol 
the  Easlishman  aboni  bim ;  without  the 
hrilliancj  of  Ibe  former,  and  certainly, 
destituteoflhc  solidity  of  the  latter.  His 
iolellect  isof  an  Intermediate  quality  be- 
tween the  two.  HeaffecU  the  m  eta  physi- 
cal critic  and  specalntist;  but  ia  a  most 
shallow  theorist  in  moralB,  though  nice  io 
discriminating  artificial  chnrncteis,  and 
their  gnrerniDg  lootires.  His  morality  is 
most  daneerous  in  its  tendency,  and  licen- 
tious to  the  core.  He  is  thought  very 
philosophical  by  those  who  study  meta- 
physics in  works  of  fiction— the  last  re- 
sort of'  divine  philosophy,' 

"Inpointoftfy/f,  be  is  mechanical,  ela- 
borate, strained,  and  tedious.  There  is  no 
easy  current  or  plain  groundwork;  eveiy- 
thing  is  perked  into  the  reader's  Ihcc.  He 
writes  as  one  who  reads  everylhiDg  in  an 
emphalic  tone.  All  his  sentences  ought 
to  be  printed  in  capitals,  for  he  tries  lo  be 
■tarlling  in  every  phrase.  He  has  no  re- 
pose— no  calm—no  dignity.  He  has  strik- 
ing obsercalions,  but  seems  to  care  little 
alwut  their  truth.  His  Ftyle  is  partly 
French,  partly  German,  and  slightly  Eng- 
lilh.  In  his  epigrammatic  passage;,  which 
are  his  best,  he  is  French;  in  his  rhapso- 
dies, where  he  drops  down  plump  into  tbe 
region  ofbombasl,  he  is  Gerraau ;  and  in 
his  prefaces,  where  he  aims  at  elegant 
criticism,  he  is  n  writer  of  most  slovenly 
Engiish.  His  fgmilieriiy  is  labored  and 
heaT>-,  his  trifling  ridicnlons  and  silly.  To 
trifle  with  elegance  is  B  nice  arl,  nnd  Mr. 
Bnlwer  cannot  acquire  it;  the  more  ea- 
gerly he  pursties  it,  tbe  worse  he  writes. 
Ee  ia  utterly  deficient  in  humor;  and  the 


('■*. 


cemUance  of  wil  be  baa  it  a  eertajs  nnn- 
new,  the  effect  of  style.  He  has  none  of 
Irring'i  Gae  descripttoD  and  nice  skill  in 
tbe  cqpdnct  of  his  narralives.  He  is  a 
great  admirer  of  Tom  Jones:  why  not 
study  thai  perfect  nanatiie  ? — perfect,  at 
least,  as  a  work  of  aK.  His  story  is  in. 
hanoonious  in  the  managtmetit  of  inci- 
dent, and  abrupt.  He  has  no  power  of 
fosion  in  his  mind,  and  cannot  melt  down 
hi*  materials  into  a  continnons  wbole. 
Eierything  stands  out  by  ilself— Ibe  inri- 
dents  being  the  enenee  of  eooimotiplBce. 
His  high  personages  are  inflated  talkera, 
his  low  characters  retailen  of  ribaldry 
and  vulgarity.  His  easays  at  eloquence 
are  lamentable  instances  of  sheer  rhapco- 
dy.  What,  then,  has  heT  Why,  these 
practical  qnolilies,  which  carry  eTerylhing 
before  tbem:  He  knows  the  public  loste 
well;  just  what  it  will  lake;  bow  much 
It  will  bear.  He  has  eelcBlaied  all  the 
chmcei  of  imposition,  and  is  familiarwilh 
tbe  art  of  making  the  most  of  the  very 
meanest  materials-  He  has  tad,  and 
great  indnslry ;  a  very  clever  compiler  of 
nMnances.  He  is  a  perfect  master  of  all 
the  tridcs  of  authorship  sod  all  the  devi- 
ces of  book-making.  He  wants  nature 
and  getiins,  bni  he  has  ability  and  perse- 
Ternncc.  No  one  can  deny  hii  general 
scholarship  and  critical  acumen ;  but 
then  he  haa  a  Frenchman's  taste,  being 
easily  caught  by  glitler.  The  high  opi- 
nions he  entertains  of  Young,  and  writers 
of  bis  descriptiim,  di« 


hist. 


ray  plainly. 


He  is  the  painter  of  the  fashionable 
world  and  of  artificial  life.  He  roles  ni- 
preme  in  the  dress-circle  and  the  saloon. 
He  is  B  matter  of  badinage  aad  nillery. 
lato  the  world  of  natnre  he  has  never 
found  entranee ;  lo  natnral  pasaian, 
which, '  mouerlesa,  sways  na  to  the  mood 
of  wltat  she  like*  or  leatbes,'  he  it  an 
utter  stranger.  Whenever  be  aaaunws 
enthusiasm — for  it  never  has  the  appear* 
ance  of  rising  out  of  the  subject — ha 
writes  with  a  baslard  heal,  as  difierent 
from  genuiae  enthusiasm,  as  gold  leaf  is 
dilTe rent  from  pure  gold,  or  as  Ere  painted 
on  the  canvass  is  diJQerent  from  Uie  real 
element.  He  wants  the  lotty  dignity  of 
the  greatest  intellects,  bnt  (l^ls  and  fnmea 
on  every  occasion,  inlo  something  like 
declamntio*.  Ia  fine,  he  is  a  shillbl  lit- 
erary manufacturer,  bat  will  rank  with 
the  Capulets  tweiHy  yeara  hence-  If  be 
lives  that  lengtb  of  lime,  be  will  oollive 
his  own  ref)atation ;  and  may  cry  vat,  if 
wise,  with  good-natured  Master  Belly,  in 
the  decline  of  life,  '  Ob,  Memory,  MeoMV 


The  remainiog  aotelista  ofilhe  ia,y 


1M4.1  Homa-M  Ntw  Sfirit  of  tit  Aga.  66 

hnta  moeh  tho  largaot  bodr  of  popnlH'  The  elusicB  of  sulier  Akjb  ol^m  pn- 
wiitera  ;  aod,  ia  jmtice,  we  ehould,  at  cedeooe.  lliese  moit  be  re«d,  at  all 
leMt,  TUn  IhrouKli  a  catalogue  of  tbaii  eTents :  later  wrtten  muBt  wait.  Oa\j 
tmnet.  DefDcta,  eommoD  to  them  all,  the  brighten  portion*  of  the  best  worn 
(w  a  cU»,  we  mention  ineideplally.  can  be  Tead,  where  there  i«  Buoh  a  maM 
To  keep  up  a  very  popular  name,  Lhej  of  admirable  writing  to  run  througl^— 
mnet  writ*  ancti  and  lapidir — a  noTel  roanf  good  things  will  be  neglected  ia 
ft-jear  ■■  the  amaUeit  allowance,  while  fov or  of  the  master-piBces  of  this  claw 
some  ntitsra  turn  out  one  ererj  four  of  composition.  The  mediocre,  the  in- 
moatlw.  Thef  write  mote  than  they  difiereni,  the  onlTso-soish  pieces,  muM 
inveot ;  they  wuld  create  ont  of  no  "go  by  the  board."  Yet,  in  the  mean* 
Kttletial,  or  the  moat  Bwagie.  From  est  prodactioas  of  ficiiiioaa  wciteis, 
DDtbii^,  nothing  can  come ;  whence  the  there  arc  often  gleams  of  wit,  aparkt 
H^itioea*  and  verbiage  of  most  modem  of  fancy,  that,  enshrined  in  a  elasaie 
ito*ela,  K  d«fest  at  least  eqttal  to  the  fonu,  would  infallibly  have  serred  ta 
aina  of  reviewers,  who  mpin  s  doien  brighten  with  later  posterity,  A  fisw 
pBgM  out  of  what  B  closer  writer  could,  wisda  of  particular  writers : — a  cleTM 
with  saw,  have  eondenaed  into  a  siDgle  writer  in  the  Norih  Amerioan  ReTi«w, 
oalunin.  We  cannot,  therefore,  be  lately  exposed,  most  jostly,  the  hollow- 
biamed  for  predicting  for  most  of  tbera  neas  of  Mr.  Jamefl's  reputation  a«  aR 
a  speedy  nunialtty.  The  olasaes  and  author,  and  his  very  medioore  claims— 
Tsiieties  of  tbs  geniu  novel  are  many ;  as  much  might  be  aaid  of  other  writen 
there  ia  the  novel  of  faahi(»i,  by  Mrs.  that  have  t^en  as  mnoh  read.  Lai^ 
Gore ;  the  sea'tales  of  Harryatt  and  daeses  of  readers  have  endnred  (Mt 
Chamier;  the  hiatorioal  patchwork  of  can  poeterityl)  the  eoareenesa  of  MrB. 
Jamea  and  Ainswarlh;  Ehe  excellent  TroUope;*  theflinisinossoflhefaahioR- 
lriah  pictDTCB  of  Baoim,  Lover,  Lever,  able  novelist  ;  the  alanff  of  what  ia 
fte.  Then,  we  have  the  aubliniated  conTentionally  termed  nigh  life,  in 
reflnemencs  of  Mr.  Bulwer,  the  (essen-  Mra.  Gora's  especially ;  the  inanity  of 
tial)  vulgarities  of  Mr.  Trollope,  the  Jamea  and  Ainsworch  ;  the  broad  ex* 
fanciful  mysttoiem  of  Mrs.  Shelley —  travagnnces  of  Hook's  description* ; 
variety  enough,  one  wonld  think,  to  the  elaborale  rhapsodiee  of  D  Israeli 
suit  the  most  catholic  taste.  Of  Mr.  the  younger. — But  to  pass  to  a  graver 
Dichene,  we  will  add  nothing  to  oor  olass  of  writer*  (one  of  which  every 
■ketch  of  him,  nor  will  we  repeal  the  writer  makes,  at  times)— we  mean  tu 
strLCturBB  oontained  in  onr  previooi  oritice.  Of  this  formidable  band,  Ma- 
srtiole  on  female  noveliats,  We  cannot  eaulay  and  Carlyle  are  the  chiefs,  and 
be  expected,  of  course,  to  re-write  eha-  we  shall  attempt  to  do  their  poitrail* 
neters  of  all  the  writer*  whose  names    accordingly, 

are  oomprised  even  in  Mr.  Honie's  Macaday,  the  Gdinbar^h  reviewer, 
delbotive  list,  yet  we  may  tonoh  upon  is,  probably,  the  moat  brilliant  wrilerof 
their  most  etriktog  trait*,  if  only  by  an  English  prase  now  living,  the  last  re- 
«pithet,  or  in  a  parenthesis.  We  can-  maining  member  of  that  glorioae  bairf 
didly  think  the  next  age  will  know  lit-  of  wils,  oritics  and  fine  thinkers,  wh» 
lie,  if  anything,  of  the  second  rate  constituted  the  force  of  the  Edinborgli 
writer*  among  them,  and  that,  in  all  in  it*  prime — JeRrev,  Maointosh,  Hax- 
probability,  the  next  generation  aSMx  litt,  Brou^am,  Carlyle,  Stephens,  ttod 
that  will  know  nothing  at  all.  Very  himself;  uniting  alao  the  fame  of  a  eoo^ 
few  of  the  first  rank,  it  may  be  reason-  cessful  politician  to  that  of  a  aplendid 
ably  doubted,  will  preserve  anything  periodical  writer,  he  ha*  obtained  aa 
like  3  cepntatiDD  of  the  kind  thay  now  acoumnlstion  of  honors  rarely  to  be  met 
enjoy.  To  anch  a  degree  it  cannot  in  the  pereon  of  a  single  individuaL 
Jast,  for  the  mare  maliitude  of  their  Review  writing  hu  now  become  aa 
work*  will  distract  the  attention  and  art,  and  one,  too,  in  which  very  few 
"UmAd  to  obecnre  their  powen.  How  srucceed  even  respectably,  and  inwbiefl 
fliifle  of  Scott,  Byroo,  or  Jeffrey,  can  innumerable  foilare*  occttr  quarterly. 
'TOnain  with  aU  its  flist  gloaa  npuu  it.    It  ia  methodised  inloasystem.    It  has 


o  us  fair  game  for  a  psnater ;  and  exactly  ty^eal  of  ita 

l).g,t,zcd=y  Google 


'  -iL.      u^i- 


Bont't  New  Spirit  tf  Ikt  Age. 


[J«ly, 


its  rules  tad  esnons  uti  pAcnlisT  sivle. 
It  mnat  be  exhaustive  and  thoiough  in 
its  ftnstysia  ;  tbo  wiitiufc  mnat  be  neat 
and  desn ;  ihc  vit,  brigbl  and  "  palpa- 
ble J  lbs  logic,  clasa  and  ineeniona ; 
ihe  thetotic,  elstwmUe  and  oaztUng. 
The  aljte  must  never  lag  behind  the 
alar;.  There  must  be  animation,  at  all 
BTent*,  oven  wilb  error  (for  the  Bslte  of 
piquancj),  rather  than  dulinew,  how- 
ever just  and  airtceie.  A  fiat  reviciFer, 
hovever  accnrale  and  true,  must  fail ; 
» trae  story  docs  not  answer  the  por- 
poee  of  a  lively  leviewer,  while  a  cla- 
Tfir  conjecture  passes  for  more  than  an 
scJcaewlcdKed  truth,  which  wants  the 
etimulu*  of  novelty.  Thia,  aurely,  is 
bM  as  it  ought  to  be.  Is  it  as  we 
repTeaent  1  Yon  have  onlv  to  read 
liaeaula;  to  become  satislied  as  to  the 
eorrectnesB  of  the  criticism.  Macau- 
lay's  reviews  are  the  very  Iliad  and 
Odyuey  of  criticism — models  of  that 
kind  of  writing.  Abler  men  and  deeper 
acholars  hare  written  review  articles, 

SI  without  that  masterjr  of  the  art. 
izUtt  had  a  more  copunta  &ncy,  a 
richer  veio,  and  was  altogether  a  more 
original  thinker  aod  critic,  yet  his  re- 
Tiews  lie  buried  nmler  a  mass  of  duller 
matter.  We  doubt  whether  Macaulay 
(KHild  have  written  the  Surrey  Lectures, 
bat  that  is  travelling  cut  of  the  rtcord. 
HacaulBT'a  articles  are  not  to  be  raia- 
takea.  It  is  like  love  at  Erst  sight,  yun 
nUT  always  linow  his  -hand.  He  wants, 
to  be  sure,  the  aoUdiiy  of  Butke,  the 
liob  philosophy  of  that  poetic  thinker; 
yet  even  Buike  could  not  have  hit  the 
mark  with  creater  nicety.  He  would 
have  carriM  too  much  metal.  Macau- 
Jay  is  essentially  a  criticid  essayist ; 
not  a  mere  critic,  not  an  original  Judge, 
not  a  lecturer,  but  that  rare  union  of 
eritioaud  DiiscellaceouB  writer — a  criti- 
cal essayist.  Probably,  in  no  other 
form  ef  cDEnpositiun  could  he  have  suo< 
oeeded  to  such  a  degree  of  exceilencB. 
Hb  could  not  compress  himself  into 


. a  and  delicacy,  for  purely 

elegant  writing.  He  paints  on  too 
brud  a  cuivass,  and  aims  too  much  at 
atrikiag  colort  and  at  effects,  to  elabor- 
Sto  ingenioos  beaolies,  and  perfect  llie 
fthnost  perfect  beautiea  of  nature,  in  his 
■iyle.  Then,  again,  in  a  long  wuik  he 
««ald  BooD  tire  :  his  genius  would 
dioop  when  he  bM  beyoi^  his  hundred 
psgea  01  ao.     Pampfaieteeriog  worUd, 


tbsn  r 


letter  salt  Haoanlay'B  fleai— 
ew  writing,  fur  be  is  a  parti- 
'erylhing  he  writes.  Id  hia 
capacity  of  eriiie,  he  loo  often  allows 
his  political  hiaa  to  influence  his  judg- 
ment— the  cabinet  minister  is  some- 
times •  mere  smart,  ingenious  pan- 
graphist,  by  no  means  so  intent  on  the 
trutii  as  he  should  be.  We  rrautrked 
this  particularly  i*  two  conseeniiv* 
papers,  the  one  on  Soutbey'a  Colioqaiea, 
the  other  on  Moore's  Bjran.  'Hie  first 
writer  is  treated  as  a  lory  :  the  seconil 
as  a  whig.  Contrast,  also,  the  papers 
on  Milton  and  on  Boswell.  Once  an- 
derstood,  this  partiality  doea  no  harm, 
but  rather  gives  an  edge  to  his  style. 
History,  no  less  than  Letters,  has  faeea 
vividly  illoatralcd  by  Macaulay,  aod 
many  of  his  articles,  in  Iheraselres, 
preserve  the  essence  of  books  of  groat 
size   but    not   equal   value.      Portrait 

einting  and  finished  declamation  bave 
en  carried  to  perfertion  in  bis  arti- 
cles, in  which  you  find,  besides,  a  trea- 
sury of  fine  and  ingenious  lhoo|thts, 
richly  illustrated  and  admirably  em- 
ployed. He  is  so  much,  in  a  word,  Iba 
opposite  of  (Jarlyle,  that  a  character- 
istic sketch  of  the  latter  will  not  fail  ta 
include  all  the  qualities  oppoaed  to  taia 
own,  that  we  have  ooiituid  in  the  abora 

Thomas  Carlyle  is  a  name  to  bft 
treated  with  respect,  for,  notwitliatand- 
iDg  all  his  abBuittity  and  pretension,  ha 
is  undeniably  so  vigorous,  wtd  even 
sometimes  so  profound  a  writer,  ao  sin- 
cere and  genial  a  critic,  and  when 
warmed  aiKl  in  earnest,  so  powerful, 
that  it  would  a^ue  a  deficieocy,  both  of 
acotenesa  and  candor,  to  deny  his  very 
^reat  merits ;  at  the  same  time,  then 
IB  so  much  in  this  writer  to  excite  a 
quite  contrary  feeling,  that  we  hope  t» 
he  pardooed  for  indulging  ia  free  oe»> 
sure  that  may  not  seem  warranted  by 
the  idolaters  of  hia  genius.  Carlyle 
has  dislingntshed  himself  in  several 
lines  of  excellence  ;  let  ns  glance  at 
Ilia  proficiency  in  each.  As  the  bio- 
grafber  of  Schiller,  hia  first  attempt  at 
crliiciara  and  narrative,  be  has  aurpass- 
ed  all  his  future  efibrts,  except  in  hia 
translations,  his  admirable  Sartor  Re- 
sartuB,  and  his  later  endeavors  in  b«- 
half  of  sincere  and  intclligeai  Reform. 
In  the  light  in  which  he  ia  most  fre- 
quently eonsidered,  that  of  a  mere 
apeaulative  refbnDer,  we- do  not  rale 
him  so  highly  by  any  mean*  as  we  do 


1844.]  Amw'«  JVm  ^irU  ef  Ik*  Ag*.  97 

ngard  bim  in  eerbiiiflMlMT«liantctera.  neas  with  G«niuui  Bcholarthip  tad  fma- 

He  insists,  in  a  right  man);  itriin,  on  cy.    The  races  in  him  sra  mixed.    Ha 

the  ntriileneBs,  the  necessitj,  of  those  is  best  its  ctitio  and  of  German  aolhors, 

great  virtues,  tmth,  sincerity,  persere-  whom   he   has   tranatated   with   eipial 

ranee.      Ho    preaches   muif    an    old  fitrce,  fidelity,  ond  spirit.     The  Ger- 

tezt  with  new  bfe  and  vigor,  but  we  man  romances,  in  his  hands,  are  very 

eMmot  Ibink  that  ha  is  eminently  origi-  different     thlntfs    frem    the     eomroon 

ml,  \t,  indeed,  he  has  any  pretensions  IranalalionB  of  tha   Sorrows   of  Wer- 

that  way  at  all.     We  do  not  aek  for  ler,  or  Kolzebue's  tragedies,  or  Klop- 

norelty  :  it  ia  sotnethinf  to  make  tiia  stock's  Messiah.     His  pspars,  too,  on 

tBOBt  of  what  we  have,  a  truth  very  Novalia,   &c.,  are  eieellenl:  that  oa 

few,   either  nnoraJiats    or    legialatora,  Richler  (his  favorite  and  model)  is  a 

■eem  to  consider.     But  when  a  gresl  mieterpieira.     Some  of  his  papers  on 

oatcry  ofdiscovery  isiaade.we  docer-  iilngluh  liieratare  are  almost  as  good, 

teinly  expect    something    mora    than  The   noble   criticisms    on    Borns  and 

Cariyle  fomisfaes  by  way  of  substitute.  Johnson  must  be  familiar  to  every  one, 

Vfixh  Rob  Roy,  oar  author  may  unite  The  critic's  sirictnres  on  ajistems  and 

in  declaring  that,  polities  wc  do  net  so  much  admire. 
His  tneroty   specnlalive   inquiries   do 

"Ofoldthin^,  aUarenowold,  "">l  amount  to  much.     The  critic  has 

or  Kood  things,  none  are  SDodenongh,"  aoutenass  and  force,  bnt  hardly  eijuat 
subilfliy  and  power  of  ooncentration. 

and,  in  effect,  be  makes  the    same  History,  in  the  hands  of  Carlyle,  is 

vaunt :  descriptive  and  illastrative,  rather  than 
porely  narrative .  He  is  Toeeh  mare  of 
the  critic  of  constitutions,  measures 
luid  men,  than  the  relater  of  events. 
He  is  picturesque  aod  dramatic,  bat 

Yet,  after  all,  we  slaud  where  we  true  history  is  epical  and  legendary, 

stood  before ;  the  world  has  nofr  moved  The  (so  coiled)  history  of  the  Revola- 

a  jot,  wemeanas to  praelicalfpercepti-  tion  in  France,  is  rather  a  gallery  of 

ble   benefits.    It    is    undeniable  that  portraits  and  scenea  of  civil  war.    It  is 

Carlyle'a  writings  have    done    great  wild  and  fitful  (like  ibeblascsof  winter 

good,  if  only   by   making  men   think,  bowling  over  a  desolate  heath),  rather 

and  soggestinK  an  appreciation  of  the  than  a  sustained  elegy  or  a  grand  tri- 

lerrible  evils  that  hang,  like  a  thunder-  umphat  Ode  to  Freedom,     ft  is,  in  a 

doed   (ready   to  burst  on  nor  heads)  word,  melo-dramatic.     Compared  with 

over  the  mass  of  society.     The  politi-  it,  the  classic  historians  are  tame  and 

cal  atmosphere,  charged  (as  in  England  insipid.     The  style  iscurt  and  jeriinf, 

and  France)  with  the  groans  of  Ihsop-  and  like  a  careering  horse,  too  often 

pressed,  the  s%hs  of  auSering,  and  the  unseats  the  sober  judgment  of  the  his- 

ourses    of   outraged    humanity,   must  torian.     Sartor  Hcsartus  is  the  master 

needs  be  furnished  with  some  safe  con-  work  uf  its  author  (indeed,  tuck,  every 

doeloT  to  pretect  the  miscreants  inpow-  clever  writer  can  point  to,  auroe  one  aq- 

er  and  place,  who  thns  goad  on  their  perior  thing  which  be  eoald  never  sar- 

fellows,  by  misery,  to  crime.    An  aw-  pass).    It  is  close,  ingenious,  profonndi 

fnt  doom  awaits  Uie  mercileas  legisla-  and  earnest ;  fall   of  a  deep  satirical 

tors  of  England,  if  they  ceasa  not  to  hnnwr  that,  like  all  true  humor,  cos- 

obatmol  the  pub  of  freedom,  nor  lay  ceala 'deep  thought  and  feeling,  striking 

heavy  bnrtheas  on  the  back  of  the  seenes  ineiinot  with  knowledge  of  life, 

rnnoh     wronged    poor    and    working-  U  is,  in  fact,  a  philosophicBl  picture  of 

olasws    of  that    country.     Cartyle'e  the  inner  life  of  a  real  man  in  the 

practical     suggestions     of    education^  world ;    a  munificent  piece  of  anta- 

esngiation,  sou  Uie  like,  are  not  saffi-  biography,  sauce,  aentimcBt,  and  apeo- 

oieot.    They  are   highlv  useful,  but  ulaiion.     It  eontaitn  the  portrait  of  th« 

mnch  more  is  needed,  and  which  ought  tine  scfaotar,  tha  genuine  human  betne, 

to  come  from  tiie  landholders  and  the  and  not  the  mere  pedant  nor  antaide 

inannlVuittiiers  themselves,  else  olbera  man,  whom  it  cuttingly  exposes.     It  is 

may  work  in  vain.    To    regard  the  brimful  of  admiiaJile  aenae,  the  better 

writer,  however,  pnrel*  as  such.     He  for  being  good  comnMin  seise,  ao  much 

is  s  liDgulaT  mixtura  af  Scotch  shrewd-  rarer  thu  any  etbci  faealty.     We  fael 


Google 


m 


Homt'l  AW  Sjnril  of  tht  Age. 


('•It. 


t 


namnted  ia  calUng  thia  Carly le's  b««t 
work  i  the  ace  geoiallj  meditated, 
moat  earoestly  workod  out;  jret  (we 
c&d'i  help  dincovering  il)  the  work, 
vhich  first  rccorda  ihit  tortuous  style 
of  writing-,  which  we  cannot  avoid 
thinking  a  rile  form  of  alTeDtaikin,  it- 
self one  of  the  most  disagreeable  of  the 
yenial  eins  of  aulhorEhip.  When  we 
compare  the  earlier  and  later  aiylea  of 
this  same  writer,  the  difTerence  is  more 
obrions.  The  life  of  Schiller  is  a 
model  of  pure  English,  while  some  of 
Carlyla's  later  works  are  horrible  di>- 
tortioDB  of  the  language. 

The  cause  of  this  great  change  is  to 
oa  clear :  some  have  conjectnTed  it  to 
lesult  from  confusion  of  ideas,  the 
common  apology  for  a  daric  style,  but 
we  believe  il  to  arise  from  a  perverse 
imitation  of  the  worst  parts  of  certain 
German  lulliom. — Carlyle  is  utterly 
destitute  of  genuine  wit,  though  his  ad- 
mirers claim  that  for  him,  as  well  as 
partial  genius.  lis  iometimes  discov- 
ers a  streak  of  soriy  humor,  as  it  were, 
such  as  Quin,  the  actor,  was  said  to 
possess.  Qf  light,  pleasant  raillery,  he 
has  not  a  particle.  His  jests  are  as 
awkward  as  the  gambola  of  the  ele- 
phant, ia  Milton.  His  wit — to  copy  an 
expreasioa  of  his  own,  ia  a  sort  of 
small-beer  faculty.  Carlyle's  favorite 
characters  are  rougki,  lardiy  Saxoa 
men — aomewhat  in  his  own  vein,  as 
Kdox,  Luther,  Joliasoti  and  Qorns ; 
and  daring  revoIulioniBts  preserving  the 
parallel,  as  Napoleon,  Daaton,  Mira- 
bean.     Force  of  character  and  siaceri- 

g  furnish  his  reqaisiles  for  a  hero, 
irlyle  paints  with  a  bold  hand^— firm 
titd  free — usee  strong  colors  ^vithout 
mucEigrace  orart,Hod  with  no  elegance 
or  taste.  Still  he  has  a  certain  peoQ- 
liaricy,  that  is  very  striking.  Araoag 
painters  our  critic  would  rank  with 
Hans  Holbein — the  court  painter  of 
Henry  VIIT.  and  friend  of  Erasmus. 
His  descriptiona  have  something  of 
Salvator  Rjna  in  them,  as  wild  and 
savage.  He  is  no  Vandyke,  no  Sir 
Joshua  Keynolds,  no  Sir  Thomas  Law- 


Among  artists  of  the  last  age,  he  would 
rank  with  Fuseli.  Like  him  ho  luc- 
eeeds  in  slrone  characters  and  tumnliu- 
ons  Bcsnea.  This  ia  but  a  alight  pro- 
file aketeh  vf  a  veir  able  man,  a  loan 
of  consummate  tateot,  but  no  pure, 
«ri|insl  geoios;  of  great  capacity  but 


m«nt  aeule,jM«i 
in  simple,  deep  eentimeni — a  writer  of 
most  vicious  taste  and  perverted  man- 
ner, wanting  in  the  individual  impress  of 
personal  power — of  great  acquisilioDB 
and  aonsequent  aggregate  increase  of 
faculty  andmentalpower  rather  than  of 
vigorous  internal  impulso  ;  in  a  word 
a  man  of  talent  of  the  first  rank,  but 
not  to  be  classed  with  men  of  real 
genius.  After  the  nanaes  of  these  two 
master  critics,  Maoaulay  and  Carlyie, 
none  can  be  placed  except  at  a  very 
conaideiable  distance.  Some  of  the 
critics  of  the  London  weeklies  are  verj' 
excellent,  as  Foster  of  the  Examiner, 
and  the  writer  of  llie  notiees  in  the 
Spectator,  in  particular.  The  ladies 
have  done  something  very  respectable 
of  this  kind — we  might  mention  Miaa 
Alartineau  and  Airs.  Jamicaon-  Mr. 
Stephens  (wo  omitted),  a  very  close 
imitator  of  Macaulay  and  almost  woi* 
thy  of  being  called  a  rival,  were  it  not 
fur  his  evident  imitation. — Before  we 
come  to  the  Poets  (with  whom  w«  ohall 
conclude),  we  must  say  a  few  words  of 
the  professed  wilt  of  the  day ;  writers 
displaying  that  peculiar  and  attractive 
quality  in  the  tale,  review,  aketeb, 
newspaper  editorial,  and  indeed  erery 
form  of  minor  and  tniacellaoeous  lite- 
rature. These  being  the  best  knowa, 
we  suj)p««e>  of  all  contemporary  writers 
oei^i  to  the  Dovelisis,  ntll  not  delay  ua 
long  for  any  detailed  criticism.  It  ia 
almost  snScient  to  meution  their  nnmea 
— Sydney  Smith,  Huok,  Hood,  Fon- 
blanque^  and  Denglas  Jerrold.  A  dif- 
ferent classification  might  unite  them, 
that  of  periodical  writers ;  ss  they  are 
Buch,  to  a  man,  in  the  different  forma  of 
journalism,  the  newspaper,  the  inag»- 
zine,  the  review.  First,  there  is  Syd- 
ney Smith  (namesake  of  the  gallant 
Knight  who  distinguished  bimwif  U 
thesiegcof  Acre),  the  wittiest  and  most 
seasible  of  living  parsooa — the  last  of 
the  good  old  line  of  clerical  Saliriate — 
not  mere  savage  butchers  of  repulattcHi, 
but  moral  censors,  sad  except,  perhape, 
in  one  case,  kindly  teaetaers  of  truth, 
and  priests  of  humanity — Bishop  liall, 
Donne,  South,  Swift,  Eaohard  and 
Sterne.  The  peculiar  wit  of  the  caooit 
residentiary  of  St.  Paul's,  we  idl  know 
well  from  hearsay  and  reading,  so  that 
we  shall  only  atop  to  make  one  remark 
aboMt  it,  and  that  ia,  that  it  )s  anoUter 
formoflagicalaonteness.the  growth  of  & 
cleat,  sharp  inielleot,  eseroiaed  on  pnw- 


1844.]                           Htme't  N«u>  Spirit  of  tA«  Age.  M 

t^l  mMten— it  is  nat  pvrelf  sportira  monU  ehancter  for  &U  his  \irituig«, 

pleuuitrj,  deaigoeil  merely  lo  aiDuw.  vhich  wb  believe  they  really  powesa. 

It  haa  always  a  praclieal,  and  generaUy  He  is  a  generoM  criiio  end  aa  haooat 

A  moral  Bim.     Witb  certain  extraTS-  man. 

ganwu,  that  a  CBTeleaa  reader  might  The  PoeU  of  the  day. — This  ia  % 
miatake  for  imitatioDi  of  Rabelais,  it  ponioD  of  tbe  genwal  subject  of  mhi- 
is  Mill  full  of  meaning.  Tbe  aketch  of  temporaij  literaturB  that  wa  ^all  not 
this  moat  aseful  of  (he  wita,  ia  very  venture  to  go  very  deeply  ioto  at  pre*- 
trell  done  in  the  NewSpirit  of  IbeAgei  ent,  for  two  reaaons,  vis.,  becanae  tbe 
fta  are  aUo  the  portraits  of  all  these  best  poetry  of  the  fineat  living  poats 
clever  vriieia,  whom  we  have  aaaooiat-  belongs  tothegeoe  ration  that  has  passed, 
«d  Qader  the  same  general  head,  and  beeanse  we  hope  soon  to  be  eat 
Hook  repreaenta  the  achool  of  vulgar  abled  to  present  n  liillet  view  of  tlw 
humoriats,  wboae  chief  weapon  is  claims  of  the  poetry  of  the  mneteenth 
eoarseaess  itself ;  a  writer  and  man  of  century  npon  our  admiration  and  le- 
gieat  cleverness  and  menul  activity,  gard,  than  we  can  do  with  anytbiof 
but  utterly  wanting  in  refiaement,  taste,  liice  justice,  in  a  niche  of  an  article 
and  sometimes  to  be  taxed  wilb  far  guile  short  enou^  without  any  addi- 
heavier  ains.awant  of  humanity  and  of  tional  condensation.  Wordsworth  and 
juatioe.  Hood  is  a  chaiaotei  of  aqnile  Hunt  and  Proctor,  perhaps  the  firat 
apposite  description,  a  puet,  a  hamorist,  poetic  names  among  English  batda 
a  punster — the  equal  of  Lamb,  in  eve>  now  living,  belong  to  die  school  which 
lything  bat  the  eKquiaite  criticism  and  preceded  the  presoic :  at  all  evaot% 
Mntiment  of  Elia.  His  head  is  a  they  gained  theii  laurels  before  moat 
perfect  mine  of  puna,  and  all  sorts  of  of  the  present  race  of  writers  of  Teiaa 
odditiea  and  comicalities.  Hia"Upthe  commenced  writing  at  all,  and  indeed 
Rhine"  is  almost  as  good  as  Hum-  before  most  of  them  were  born.  Com- 
phrey  Clinker,  of  which  it  is  a  profess-  pared  with  these  genuine  tQaMers,  the 
«d  copy.  He  has  written  herein  some  cleverest  of  the  new  generation  are  bat 
vefy  fanciful,  and  some  very  sweet  poe-  faithful  disciples  and  ingenloas  iini- 
try.  All  his  satire  is  sportive  and  af-  tatore.  Most  of  the  contemporary 
fectiotiate — bia  descriptions  freah  and  English  poeta  are  rather  taateAil 
lively.  The  author,  too,  aa  Hszlitt  ecbolara,  brilliant  men  of  talent,  clerec 
•aid  so  handsomely  of  Hunt,  translates  women  of  high  culture  and  fine  fancy) 
admicabty  into  the  man.  He  is  said  to  than  original  painters,  authors  of  teal 
be  as  gentle,  kindly,  loving  and  hu-  genius,  true  poets.  Whoever  coaaiden 
mane,  as  one  might  readily  suspect  the  high  claims  of  poetry,  the  maoi- 
from  the  best  nf  bis  writings.  He  baa  fold  requisitea  of  the  great  poet,  will 
StAme'a  feeling,  without  his  affectation  bo  lulb  to  Myle  every  clever  or  eves 
«i  hardness  of  heart.  And  with  equal  fine  writer  of  verse  by  that  holy  name- 
wit  he  has  none  of  the  violence  oi  the  Uinor  poets  are  more  approptiately 
rancour  i^tbe  editor  of  the  John  Bull,  classed  with  clever  writers.  Judged 
Fontdanque,  as  a  political  wit,  is  first  by  theHiltonicstandard,  Wardsworthis 
rate;  his  argument  is  none  the  less  our  sole  English  poet ;  a  lower  standard 
close  because  hia  irony  is  fine.  His  would  admit  Hunt,  Proctor,  Tennyson, 
pM  allusions  lo  farce,  eomedy.and  the  Elizabeth  Barrett;  ayetlowerdeep(aCill 
comic  novels,  are  alnwst  equal  to  good  far  from  low)  would  include  Elliott,  Mil- 
original  wittioiims.  His  style  is  naat  nes,  Mrs.  NotIdd.  In  a  small  clase  of 
and  full  of  pith  and  point.  His  views  t«etic  wits,  may  be  placed  Hood, 
are  in  general  just  and  fair,  uid  dictated  rraed,  and  a  few  others.  Aa  daae- 
by  feelings  honorable  to  the  man  aa  ical  copyists,  Talfonrd,  Knowlea,  and 
wellas  the  politician.  Douglas  Jerrold,  Nelson  Coleridee,  deserve  a  respeet- 
we  knew  too  little  of,  to  apeak  very  able  place  :  while  Sir  Edward  BoWat 
confidently  in  the  way  of  criticism.  He  Lyiton  and  Satan  Montgomery  would 
is  perhaps  at  the  head  of  tbe  English  lead  off  a  file  of  poctaaten,  writers  of 
ma^azjnisls,  uniting  the  talent  of  jour-  philosophic  vena,  and  mystical  trans* 
oalist,  critic,  writer  of  tales  and  sketch-  cendentaliels,  to  the  lowest  pit  of  tha 
es  of  life  and  manners,  and  dramatist,  critical  Tartatus,  there  to  endure  tkg 
Some  of  his  farcesand  domestic  dramas  panga  and  agony  of  damned  anthon 
arestandardpieces,andholdposaesBioit  and  honelese  projectors, 
of  tbe  stage.      Tbe  critic  claims  a  Yet  tliov^  taste,  ctevemesB,uid  fago- 


l=yG00g   C 


i 
i      1       ■■ 


90 


Uornt't  New  Spirit  of  tht  Age. 


[jBly. 


Doity  are  tho  chi;f  irajta  of  the  eiisi- 

iRK  school  of  English  poetry,  vte  still 
diacem  much  of  real  exeellcnce  in  iL 
Though  most  of  the  writers  of  ptjclry 
Are  nilhet  Me  wtitera  of  Ter»e  than 
geDuiae  poets — (wa  da  not  mean  any 
diarespect  in  speaking  of  vfrje,  we  re- 
fer only  to  the  foroi  and  Tcliiele  of 
cooiposilton) — still  they  have  led  ilieir 
nark.  Not  to  lewritc  the  slanJard 
critieisnis  upon  Wordaworth,  Hunt 
tiod  Proctor,  nons  of  whom,  except  the 
second  writer,  adeqaacety  rRprespiit  the 
Spirit  of  the  age,  if,  indeed,  ihey  appear 
to  be  imbued  wilh  it  at  all :  we  must 
pass  to  the  younfrer  apprentices  in  the 
•chotd  of  art — (he  candidates  for  im- 
nxstalLty.  We  have  just  ran  over  th« 
names  of  tnost  of  these,  of  which,  at 
preBent,  we  will  only  subjoin  n  wnrd  or 
two  of  criticism.  The  mnBic  of  Ten- 
nyson, bis  rematkably  fine  ear  in  the 
maoagement  of  rhythm,  is  his  great 
eharm :  this  has  been  Tcry  judiciously 
retnarked  by  a  critic  in  this  JournsJ, 
about  two  ymrs  since,  and  to  that  no- 
tice we  can  add  nothing  of  consequence. 
Tennyson  is  ingenious  and  imilalive, 
sweet,  sad,  thoaghtful,  classic  and  ro- 
mantic, severe  and  luxuriant  alternate- 
ly. This  command  of  styles  and  va- 
riety of  talent  of  themselves  denote 
second  rate  genius,  in  whioh  skill  in 
eieeution  exceeds  the  conception  or  ca- 
pacity. The  very  ^catcst  poet*  have 
■  marked  manner  of  their  own,  and  leave 
a  distinct  impression  of  individualit]^  on 
their  works,  which  ia  apt  to  run  into 
nanoerism,  yet  which  inclndes  a  per- 
sonality not  to  be  mistaken.  Milton  and 
Wordsworth  could  never  have  become 
Butler  or  Moure  ;  yet  Tennyson  is  in 
one  place  a  follower  of  Wordsworth, 
then  of  the  old  ballad  writers,  then  a 
spm^ivo  wit.  The  critic,  in  the  new 
Bpiiil,  demaitds  too  high  a  place  for 
bim  altogether,  as  we  expect  lo  show 
hsreafUr.  Talfmird  is  a  chaste,  cor- 
rect copyist  of  the  Grecian  drama  in 
its  purest  translation ;  a  (ine  scholar, 
a  man  of  delicate  taste,  he  is  no 
poet  ;  though  he  can  write  pleas- 
ing verses,  and  has  produced  a  tragedy 
■npertor  to  Cato.  Of  Miss  Barrett, 
the  only  poetess  we  shall  mention, 
we  shall  say  no  more  than  to  refer 
the  reader  to  another  page  in  oor 
present  number  which  he  will  find 
rnoed  with  her  name.  Of  the  manly 
Elliott  and  the  elegant  Mitnes,  we  have 
•aid  elsewhere  what  we  do  not  now  con- 


sider it  necessary  to  repeat — (vide  Po- 
etry for  the  Peo^e).  Hood,  fall  as  h« 
is  of  his  punning  and  cnmicalities,  has 
pcused  sume  very  delightful  verses,  and 
one  poem  at  least,  of  singular  bumy 
— the  Dream  of  Eugene  .\x»ai.  The 
plays  of  Knowlcs  are  almost  Ihs  sol» 
new  tragedies  that  deserve  to  keep  the 
stage. 

Having  thus  ran  over  most  i«pidly 
the  surface  of  conlemporaiy  English 
literature,  we  stop  to  oak  ourselves  a 
few  questions — what  is  the  present 
slate  of  poetry  and  the  belles-lettres  in 
that  country  1  What  ia  the  prevailing 
scope  and  character  and  aims  of  tha 
great  body  of  living  writers?  Is  the 
vigor  of  the  national  mind,  as  ex- 
hibited in  the  worifs  of  its  writers,  on- 
impaired  1  What  are  ha  prospects,  and 
how  does  Qitr  young  but  rapidly  de- 
veloping literature  compare  with  it  * 
To  answer  these  in  a  few  paragraphs, 
the  questions  that  might  be  espaoded 
in  a  full  consideration  to  the  extent  of 
a  voiome.  We  are  one  of  ihat  claaa 
who  believe  not  only  (as  indeed  all  to 
a  certain  degree  most)  in  the  parallel- 
isms of  history,  but  also  in  the  perpetu- 
ally recurring  changes  to  be  noted  Id 
the  literary  history  of  every  people. 
Every  nation  that  has  had  a  htantore 
thus  far,  has  gone  through  certain 
epochs,  periods  of  literary  glorv  and 
of  the  declioe  of  letters.  With  th« 
exception  of  Kussia,  every  country  on 
the  continent  of  Eitrope  has  had  its 
day  of  literary  splendor,  its  Augustan 
age  :  and  now  at  the  present  lime  even 
Germany,  the  last  in  tUo  field  with  an 
original  literature  (previously  to  the 
beginning  of  this  century,  she  was  the 
cauotry  of  pedants  and  commentators), 
has  no  distinguished  original  living 
writers,  Tieck  and  his  compeera  not 
being  included,  as  Ihey  flourished  con- 
temporaneously with  Giitho  and  Schil- 
ler. Italy  and  Spain  are  as  good  'as 
excluded  from  all  remark  at  (his  time. 
Some  centuries  have  passed  sinctt 
either  land  has  produced  an  univeran] 
ciassie.  And  England,  at  (his  moment, 
is  the  land  of  exceeding  intelleolUBl 
activity,  cleverness,  schoiarship,  bril- 
liant talent,  and  imitaiive  genius,  hot 
thongh  with  a  few  original  minds  (not 
of  the  lirsi  class,  however},  she  can  lay 
no  pretence  to  reviving  her  former 
literary  gieatoeSB.  She  can  institotv 
no  parallel  between  hot  present  literary 
coodiUon  and  that  of  tbs  age  of  Elixa- 


dv  Goalie 


1S44.]  llome't  Kta  Spirit  of  the  Age.  61 

bstll  and  Jamea  I.,  or  of  the  Connnon-  Et(iT,tlie  ETeceftsCofailpaitieB).  Sine* 
wealth,  oi  erea  of  Charles  II.  No  Canning^B  lime,  we  know  of  no  ele^nt 
ffTMt  dramatiElB,  epia  pueta,  diriiica,  piece*  of  pulilical  wmia([ :  no  English 
EliB  Tajtor  and  Soulhey,  wila  like  But-  inodelti  in  oiutury  tlia.1  read  ndl.  Out 
ler  0[  Swil^,  no  auch  prose  as  Cowley  countrf  abounds  u-iih  clever  wiiten  ia 
or  Temple  could  write.  Yot  we  have  periodicals  of  afery  kind.  Wo  wa 
an  inliniui  number  of  good,  if  no  very  getting  to  have  curiuus  Bcholarsbip  and 
gnax  n^iiteis.  The  same  criiicisni  ap-  nrofound  speculation,  from  Jonathan 
^ies  pretty  nearly  to  the  slate  of  Ame-  lildwardB  to  the  present  race  of  tran- 
licsD  literature,  wliich  will  probably  acendeotalists,  we  hive  inquirerB  of 
b«  ciHiupted  (the  jiitle  we  have)  by  all  classes.  A  singular  trait  marks  tha 
•iroilai  or  ibe  same  causes,  i.  c,  great  writings  of  mast  of  Iheae  ;  an  artificial 
general  activity  of  mind,  eihansted  in  finish  hardly  lo  be  expected  in  ao  new 
numberless  brief  labors,  whirh  do  nut  a  literature.  Indcc^d,  thtre  has  been 
allow  repose  for  a  great  work  :  the  far  loo  tnaeh  imitation  and  copying, 
ispid  groifth  of  physical  science  and  We  have  many  writers  who  would  hare 
the  material  philosophy  that  acMimpa-  done  well  anywhere  by  themselves,  who 
nies  it.  In  some  departments,  wc  think  have  jct  been  al  the  pains  of  modelling 
American  authors  of  the  present  day  themselves  oa  some  great  masters, 
may  fairly  olsim  an  equal  rank  with  We  argue  the  gradual  deoline  of 
their  English  rivals.  In  poetry,  ex-  ISnglish  and  American  literature  (joined 
elude  the  great  name  of  Wordsworth  much  as  the  established  church  of  the 
as  the  poet  of  a  former  era,  and  w«  first  country  and  the  branch  of  it  here), 
ehalleoge  comparison  between  Dans,  of  the  same  stock,  though  oars  being 
Bryant,  Halleck,  Holmes,  Lowth,  Wil-  the  yonnger  in  all  probability  will  sar- 
lis.  Street,  and  Ijongfellow,  and  the  re-  vive  the  elder,  and  at  least  more  than 
maiuing  best  living  Eugiiah  poets,  outlast  our  day,  not  only  from  tha  nuni~ 
They  are  fairly  met  on  their  own  ber  of  merely  olever  writers  and  the 
ground  and  in  their  own  vein  of  deli-  general  prevalence  of  imitation,  but 
eaey,  taste,  fancy,  speoulation,  humor,  also  from  the  love  of  pertodioal  eriti- 
pathoB,  and  descriptive  power,  to  say  oiam  and  the  success  with  which  it  ia 
nothing  of  a  maatery  of  style,  il^thm  cultivated.  Criticism  has  always 
and  the  finest  poetical  dialect.  Then,  flourished  in  the  absence  of  alt  other 
loo,  in  humor,  we  have  referred  to  Ir-  kinds  of  geniua  :  it  ia  best  when  others 
ving,  in  sketching  Dickens,  there  ia  ere  in  decay  or  gone,  and  this  seenw 
Paulding,  a  strong  satirist,  Wirt,  a  de-  to  as  one  of  the  mnst  remarkable  of 
lieate  wit,  WilHa,  full  of  sparkling  the  Signs  of  the  Times.  From  (he 
gaiety,  and  m  certain  of  his  beet  great  increase,  loo,  of  periodical  lite- 
sketches,  the  author  of  the  Motley  rature,  moat  of  the  minor  kinds  of 
Book.  In  all  England,  we  know  not  writing  are  mors  cultivated  than  the 
the  writers  of  late,  who  could  suipass  longer  and  soore  imposing.  We  have 
these  fotu  writers  in  their  respective  few  histories,  and  long  poems  (thank 
styles  (to  say  nothing  of  a  host  of  clever  heaven  1}  bat  abandance  of  critiques 
Btagazine  skeiehers  beside] — Irving,  of  all  kinds,  politioal,  literary,  lh«)lo- 
Dana,  Willis,  and  Hawthorne.  Hip  gical  and  oharacteristio  essays,  on  all 
Van  Winkle  are  the  best  attempts  of  lubjects,  of  manners,  morals,  medicine- 
Irving  :  all  of  Dana's  romantic  tales,  and  mercantile  policy  ;  sketches  atlifa 
asPaut  Fellow,  Edward  and  Mary,  Ao.,  and  scenery;  letters,  from  abroad  and 
are,  we  believe,  without  an  equal  in  at  home,  tales,  abort  biographic*  and 
Engliah  contemporary  literature,  Wil-  every  passible  variety  of  the  lesser  or- 
lis,  as  a  lighter  writer,  is  the  cleverest    ders  of  poetry. 

English  and  American  author  now  liv-  \¥e  apprehend  that  literature  of  thia 
ing ;  and  our  prose  poet,  Hawthorne,  grade  and  character — short,  to  the  point, 
can  be  paralleled  only  in  Germany,  interesting — willbethepievailingliler- 
We  have  three  classic  writers  of  his-  ature  far  a  long  time  to  come.  The 
tory ;  we  have  produced  the  beat  popa-  chief  instruction  of  the  people,  their 
lar  moralistsofihedsy  ;  Bewe^,Chan-  main  intellectual  resource  of  amuse- 
ning,aiid  the  intellectual  Unitarian  sect,  ment,  also,  will  be  found  in  the  periodi- 
Oor  orators  have,  in  many  cases,  pro-  oal  press.  In  a  busy  age  of  the  world, 
notmced  orations  perfectly  admirable  in  the  mass  of  men  (even  of  readers) 
4hetr  way,  as  those  of  Wirt,  Ames,  Web>    have  litiJe  leisure.    This  they  eaanot 


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^:l 


:;•■":! 


Jitfiuenct  of  EuTOfean  on  A»ialie  Civiktation. 


IJoiy, 


ftnd  will  not  dsTote  U>  long;,  abatnct 
'  les  on  religioQ  or  pditicB.  Our 
I  age  epoch  maj  not  come  On 
ten  ceutaries ;  meamrhile  we  need  to 
read  much  and  rapidly.  The  infusioa 
of  popular  feeling  into  oni  works  of 
Bpeealalion,  the  great  aims  of  re- 
fiumiiig.  enlightening,  Knd,  in  a  word, 
sdocating  the  people  and  impressing 
tbe  importance  of  the  individual, — thia 
w  one  of  the  great  problems  of  the 
>ge,  and  perhaps  Iht  Problem.  To 
tender  man  ph; ucally  comfortable,  and 


to  gire  him  eofltcieDt  occupation,  of 

whatever  sort  circumslancei  demand, 
IB  the  primary  duty  of  society  ;  bat, 
immediately  neit  to  that,  to  seek  to 
elevate  and  refine,  deepen  and  expand, 
the  charactera  of  all  men,  till  they 
come  to  know,  appreciate,  and  act  opon 
the  immutable  principles  of  Justice  and 
Humanity  ;  to  reeogaite  one  Father 
and  Master  above,  and  all  brothers  and 
equals  below.  This  is  (he  great  lesson 
of  life,  the  very  object  and  end  of 
being. 


► 


INFLUENCE  OF  EUROPEAN  ON  ASIATIC  CIVILISATION. 


u 


EuBOPt  ie  commoolj  said  to  be  the 
centre  of  human  civUiBatimi,  and  the 
extension  of  European  civitisation  the 
hope  of  mankind.  We  do  not  mean  to 
dispute  this  poBilion  in  the  sense  in 
which  it  is  probably  understood,  for 
European  eivUiaation  la,  without  donbt, 
the  highest  that  has  yet  been  at- 
tained, although  it  promises  more  from 
the  principles  which  it  contains,  almost 
buried  out  of  sight,  than  from  the  frails 
which  it  has  hitherto  actually  produced. 
The  Eoiopeui  race,  however,  is  not 
primary  and  aboriginal,  but  derived 
and  composite  ;  not  indigenous  to  that 
continent,  but  sprang  from  eastern 
sources ;  and  the  germs  of  its  civilisa- 
tion, such  as  it  now  exiata,  were  found 
in  the  Celtic,  Gothic,  and  Slavonic 
tribes,  of  which  it  ie  composed.  Now 
that  Europe  has  gained  an  unqucslion- 
able  asceadency  iu  controlling  the  affaits 
of  the  world,  it  is  both  convenient  and 

a  central  or  etarting-point,  and  to  trace 
the  influences  which,  hj  means  of.  ita 
pecoliar  civilisation,  u  is  exereis- 
mg  over  the  rest  of  maakiod.  There 
are  only  tliree  main  directions  in  which 
it  CBD  make  its  influence  felt — to  the 
south,  to  the  west,  and  to  the  east  In 
the  south,  Europe  has  been  to  Africa  a 
onise  ;  the  European  has  been  to  the 
African  race  a  spoiler  and  a  tyrant. 
In  the  west,  Europe  has  taken  posses- 
sion of  America,  trampling  with  almost 
equal  audacity  and  recklesaaess  on  Uie 
rights  of  the  Aborigiaes,  bat  affording 


some  compensation,  not  to  them,  bat 
to  the  race  at  lar^e,  by  casting  ofl"  tlt« 
sloDgh  of  feudality,  and  sabetituiing 
somewhat  improved  forms  of  its  own 
civilisation.  The  influence  of  Europa 
has  not  been  confined  to  the  south  and 
tvest,  but  has  extended  to  the  east. 
In  the  same  manner  as  America,  which 
derives  its  existing  civilisation  from 
Europe,  is  reflecting  its  own  premier  and 
independent  inflneneea,  and  essentially 
modifying  public  opinion  and  social  in- 
stitutions on  that  cominent;  so  Eur^te, 
which  stilt  more  remotely  derived  its 
civilisation  from  Asia,  has  exerted,  and 
coniinnes,  with  accelerated  foree,  to 
exert,  its  inflaenee  over  the  destinies  of 
Ae  Eastern  continent.  Tbe  law  of 
action  and  reaction  is  found  to  prevail 
not  only  in  the  physic^,  but  in  the 
moral  world ;  affecting  not  only  the 
character  of  individuals  but  the  condi- 
tion of  nations.  Asia,  which  formerly 
seat  forth  her  hordes  to  overrun  and 
subdue  Europe,  is  now  revisited  in  hei 
nlosl  ancient  seats,  and  in  her  securest 
recesses,  by  its  diseipliaed  armies,  and 
controlled  by  its  civilized  governments. 
The  inquiry  oatatallv  arises :  In  what 
condition  does  modem  find  ancient 
civilisation  1  In  what  guise  does  En- 
rope  present  herself  to  Asia  <  What 
character  does  she  assome  !  What 
benefits  or  evils  does  she  carrr  along 
with,het  1  What  instruments  does  Bb» 
employ  ?  What  are  the  actual  reaalts 
and  the  apparent  tendeBcics  of  this 
ooncnrmee  of  the  two  mart  iapoitaDt 


r.Googlc 


18U.]                   Imflvmce  of  European  oti  Atiatic  CmUialion.                         63 

tbnns  of  ci*il)MttioTi,  the  EuTOpean  ind  oua  matations,  Ih&t  diTersity  or  nationat 

the  Aaiatic,  mutaalljr  relftled,  yet  dia-  character  nbieh  we  actuallj  witness. 

RKtiicall;  opposed,  to  eftch  olher*  Society  in  Asia    has  undergone   also 

1.  Tbe  first  fact  that  cmnea  under  great  chaD^ee;    one  tido  of  conquest 

oor  observation  is,  that  nhen  the  two  succeeding  another  until  it  is  in  vain  to 

ncea  are  broaglit,as  it  were,  into  each  seek  ibe  original  tjpe  and  matrix  of 

other'*  presenoe,  allhongb  Ihns  mutual-  bnman  cmlisation.     Empire  has  suc- 

I7  related,  they  do  not  recognite  each  eeeded  empire,  conqueror  has  foliowed 

other;  they  do  not  perceive  or  acknow-  in  the  trsA  of  conqueror,  petty  tribaa 

led^  the  affiaity  tbat  Eubsiats  Iwtween  b^TB  swallowed  up  surrounding  states, 

them:  they  regard  eaoh  other  aeetran'  and  been  consolidated  into  great  domi- 

'  '■  ■■'  '  -■  •  -  nj^jj,  pQ„ej,  which  haTO  again  fallen 
asunder  and  been  broken  to  pieces  ;  but, 
(unidst  all  these  changies  and  ccitqI- 

tribe,  of  kindred  or  family.     In  other  sions,  the  actual  almclure  and  ioHtitu- 

woids,  they  are  so  widely  separated  In  tkina  of  society  have  been  comparative- 

dress,n!kannera, and  customs — language,  ly  little  affected.     Mahmood  of  Ghanni, 

Triigion,and  [natitutiona — [bat,allhou^  Chengbiz  Khan,  Timurlung  and  Nadir 

not  only  belonging  to  the  same  species,  S hob,  came  and  went  like  destroying 

bnt  tracing  their  origin  to  the  same  torrents,  nilb  resistleis  power  eweep- 

primeval   soorce  of   ciTJlisation,  they  ing   all   l^poahion   before  them ;   but, 

yet  have  no  common  groond  to  stand  when  tbtfy  retired  within  their  ancient 

on.      They  remiitd   one  of  what  has  limits,  leaving  soeielT  to  more  on  in  its 

been  known  to  occur  in  the  more  inll-  accustomed    channels.       Europe    baa 

natfl  relationa  of  real  life — of  brothers,  been  Icsa  convulsed,  but  has  been  sub- 

•eputited  ifl   their  early    years,  and  ject    to  deeper   and    more  extensiva 

meeting  again  in  matDre  or  advanced  changes.     Asia  lias  been  more  shaken, 

age,  without  molual  recognition,  with-  bat  has  retained,  with  a  firmer  grasp, 

out  fraternal  affection,  without  common  her  original  institutions  and  her  aocial 

remembrances  or  aisociationB ;  having  forms ;  thus  widening  the  difference 

different  habits  of  thought,  of  feeling,  between  the  two,  whenever  and  wher- 

and  of  conduct ;  and  looking  upon  each  ever  they  Bhall  be  brought  into  contact. 

Mheraccordiogto  the  ordinary  [wiralily  As  this  source  of  the  alienation  of 

of  society,  as  fit  objects  of  piunder  and  the  European  and  Asiatic  races  is  found 

Oppression,  or  of  fraud  and  deception,  in  emigration  and  conquest,  and  in  tbe 
llins  it  is  that  man  estranges  himself    changes  that  have  resulted  from  them, 

ftom  his  fellow  man,  and,  whether  in  so  another  source  is  found  in  religion, 

the  lamily  or  in  the  tribe,  in  tbe  nation  and  in  the  changes  which  it  has  pro- 

or  in  the  race,  comes  to  lose  all  pereep-  daeed.    The  religions  sentirnent  of  the 

tion  or  appreciation  of   the  ties  that  early  colonists  who  passed  from  Asia 

^ould  bind  them  together  io  a  conunon  into  Europe,  first  assumed  the  forms  of 

brotherhood.  the  Grecian,  and  subsequently  of  the 

Tbe  causes  of  this  alienatiim  of  the  Roman,  mythotocy  ;  but  has  ultimately 

Earopeae  and  Asiatic  races  are  not  ob-  settled  down  in  the  profession  ofChris- 

■eore.     Divergingfrom  a  common  cen-  Canity,  which  is  thedisiinguiihingcha- 

tre,  they  have  each  pursued  a  widely  racleristio  of  the  entire  European  race. 

different  course.      Society  in  Europe  The  religious  sentiment  of  Asia   has 
is  more  the  result  of  migration  than  of*  embodied  itself  most  anciently  in  the 

conquest :  in  Asia,  more  of  eonqaest  innitutions  of  firahmTinism,  neit  in 

than  of  migration,  although  both  cansea  those  of  Buddhism,  and  more  recently 

hare  operated  in  each.  ^  arious  streams  in  those  of  Muhammad  an  ism,  the  three 

of  population,  in  successive  ages,  have  prevailing  religions   of  tbe   continent, 

oecnpied  the  F.uropeanconlinent;  some  not  only  differing  from  each  other,  but 

flowing  on  and  intermixing  with  those  radically  differing  in  common  from  the 
tbat  bad  gone  before ;  others,  receding    dominant  religion  of  Europe,  and  pre- 

and  intermixing  vrith  those  that  were  senting  an  almost  insuperable  Wrier  to 

advancing  from  behind;    and    others  intercommunity  of  sentiment  and  affec- 

afain  stopping  short  almost  at  tbe  part  tion  between  the  two  races. 

«t  which  they  emered ;  crossing  each  To  this  it  may  be  added,  that  nntil 

Other  at  variona  points,  absorbing  one  modern  timee,  tbe  intercourse  between 

anotbeTt  and  reproducing,  by  thNr  rari-  Enrope  and  Asia  baa  been  ooly  trait- 


Google 


Infineyiea  ef  European  on  Atiatie  Cisiiisatitn. 


£Jalr, 


■ient   knd  little   Triendly.      Alexandsi 

ptfiietrued  beyond  the  Indus,  but  il  wia 
a  march  raihei  thta  a  conquest,  which 
be  achieved.  He  ciinqucrod  Peiaiai, 
but  he  WQB  himseir  subdued  in  his  tuin 
by  iu  luxuries  and  Ticea,  and  his  uui;- 
ceisois  ruled  as  Asiatic  monarclia, 
rather  than  ia  the  foundera  of  European 
dynasties.  The  Greek  colonics  in  Asia 
Hiaoi  were  fur  the  most  pait  under  the 
coDlrul  of  Persia ;  and  the  Romans 
faaie  left  no  lasting  memorials  orthem- 
Bclves  in  Asia  as  Ihey  have  done  in 
Europe.  The  crusades  merely  graicd, 
&•  il  were,  the  conGnea  urAsi-i,  suthat 
when  Vasco  di  Gu ma  lauded  at  Ca!iciit 
in  1498,  he  found  himself  amongst  a 
people  as  foreign  in  manners,  langua^, 
and  religion,  as  did  Coluntbus  when  tie 
first  landed  in  America. 

We  have  referred  to  the  rantual  igno- 
rance and  estiangemcnl  of  the  Eu- 
lopean  and  Asiiiliu  races,  not  merely 
as  a  fact  in  history,  but  on  account  of 
the  effect  which  is  attributable  to  this 
cause.  W^e  have  DO  doubt  that  it  is  at  tho 
foundation  of  mucb  of  (he  injustice 
with  nbiiii  the  strooger  has  treated 
the  weaker  party  in  the  modern  inter- 
course between  E^urope  and  Asia.  In 
proportion  as  ne  increase  the  ties  be- 
tween ouraelTea  and  oar  fellow  men, 
that  is,  the  better  we  know  them,  the 
mote  incapable  do  we  become  of  doiog 
them  an  injury ;  sod  in  proportion  as 
we  lessen  the  number  of  associationi 
that  we  have  in  common,  that  is,  the 
less  we  know  them,  the  leas  we  are 
•hocked  at  doing  them  an  injustice.  If 
the  benevolent  Las  Casas  had  known 
the  black  as  well  as  ho  did  the  red 
tace,  could  be  have  proposed  to  sub- 
stitute the  labor  of  the  one  fur  that  of 
the  other  in  the  Spaoish  mines  \  CouM 
the  massacre  of  Ijuallah  Baltoo,  on  the 
coast  of  Sumatra,  have  taken  place,  if 
in  that  Tillage,  however  guilty,  the 
American  commander  had  had  a  wife 
or  mother,  a  brother  or  sistet  I  It  is 
in  this  way,  inparl,  that  we  account  fur 
the  injustice  of  the  Spaniards  in  Mexi- 
co, of  the  American  people  towards 
the  colored  races,  both  black  and  red, 
and  of  the  English  towards  the  natives 
of  the  Eastern  tforid.  In  each  cose 
there  have  been  few  or  no  asimciations 
io  common ;  few  or  none  of  the  links 
that  bind  man  to  man;  few  or  none  of 
the  checks  on  the  corrupt  and  pervert- 
ed aelfishnets  of  bis  heart ;  and  hence 
tbe  importance  of  extending  the  know- 


ledge of  our  specia*,  and  of  btingiog 

all  the  tribes  of  men  within  the  scope 
of  our  sympathies,  in  order  that  no 
cumbi nation  of  circumstances  raaj 
tempt  us  to  commit  or  tolerate  an  in- 
justice against  iheiti. 

3.  The  next  important  fact  that  ar- 
retls  attention  in  a  coropaiative  esti- 
mate of  European  and  Asiatic  civilisa^ 
tioQ,  when  brought  into  contact,  is,  that 
the  former  is  essentially  progressive  ia 
its  L'lutaoter,  while  the  latter  is  sta- 
tionary and  even  reiroerade.  The 
progressive  character  of  European  ciri- 
iisalion  baa  been  evinced  in  every  SUC- 
ccdsive  stage  of  its  developmenL  We 
SCO  Greece  emerging  from  a  state  of 
barbarism,  and  in  policy  and  art,  in  lite- 
rature and  philosophvi  producing  the 
highest  and  noblest  forms  of  thougbt 
aiid  action ;  forms  which  have  descended 
to  the  present  time,  audbave  been  per- 
manently interwoven  with  the  intellec- 
tuaJ  culture  of  the  race.  Rome,  teaa 
polished  and  refined,  bnt  more  vigoioua 
and  diffusive,  has  let^  her  broad  im- 
press upon  the  language  and  laws  of 
every  European  people.  Wo  need  not 
speak  of  the  civilisation  of  modem 
Europe,  of  the  rapidity  with  which  it 
is  moving,  of  the  height  to  which  it  ia 
riaiog,  and  of  the  extent  to  which  it  is 
spreading,  notwithstanding  tbe  incnbua 
under  nbuh  it  labors,  of  despotic  gov- 
ernments, feudal  institutioos  and  privi- 
leged classes.     To  know  what  it  is  ct- 


we  see  the  fuiest  falling  before  the  axe, 
and  populBtie  cities  risina  in  the  wiUer- 
nesa,  where  we  feel  tbo  breath  and  hear 
the  tread,  and  respond  to  tbe  voicea  of 
the  advancing  muliilndsB,that  we  judge, 
in  all  its  reality,  of  the  progreaaiveness 
of  European  civilisation.  Even  whai 
we  see  with  our  eyes,  and  hear  with 
our  ears,  and  perform  wiili  our  hands, 
■must  git e  a  very  inadequate  conceptiou 
of  it,  without  the  contrast  which  a 
knowledge  of  tlie  dull  monotony  of 
AsijJic civilisation  wouldiupply.  What 
a  dtlTerent  scens  there  presents  itself! 
In  almost  all  Asiatic  countries  a  eea- 
ttalized  and  all-perrading  despotism 
rests  upon  and  paraJyies  the  public 
mind.  There  is  nothing  of  the  natun) 
of  what  we  call  pnblic  o[unian,  public 
enterprise,  and  public  improvement. 
The  government  and  its  thousand  myr- 
midons are  everything,  iIm  people,  with 
their  te»  aad  hnndteda  nf  loilliiwa  are 


.y  Google 


1944.]                  Infiuenee  of  European  on  Asiatic  CivUitat%«n.                         65 

Dotbing.     A  doll,  dead,  atationury, uai-  foreenturieB been retrogradiog.    There 

fonuiU  encruBta  Bocieljr.     The  hietoiy  are  proofs  extaol,  not  only  of  present 

of  to-£i;  was  tlta  history  of  yesterday,  debasement,but  of  foTmec  advancemeDt  j 

vai  will  be  the  history  of  to-morrow,  of  ground  once  gained,  but  now  lost  i 

ocoasiuaally  relieved  by  the  match  of  ruins    of   scholMtic    inslitulione,    iha 

devutating  armies,  and  more  frequent-  bequests    and    memorials    of   bygone 

]y   by   the   lyranoous   freaks   of  locsl  times  ;   systems  of  law  and  literature 

{Hide  and  power.     In  eitensire  coun-  which  the  present  generiaioiis  but  im- 

ttiea  and  prorinces,  real  property  ia  perfectly  understand,  and  can  much  lest 

land  is  denied  to  the  people  who  cuiti-  improTe ;     clear   indications    of   civil 

rate   it  as   tenaQts  at  will,  ander  the  rights  and  social  advantages  which  the 

gOTemment,  on  lenos  agreed  od  be-  men  of  to-day  have  neither  (he  intellect 

tween  them  and  its  officers  from  year  to  appreciate,  nor  the  spirit  to  maintam. 

to  year,  or  for  longer  periods.     The  Contrast  these  two  kinds  or  form*  of 

fhiits  of  industry  are  thus  held  at  the  eiviliaation,  and  then  judge  what  most 

abeolntedisposalof  govemmentgin  any  be  Uie  result  when  they  comenotonlj 

proportion  which   its  nscessities   may  into    contact,   but    into    oolliaion   and 

dictate,  determined   b^   its   own   sole  conflict. 

wdl  and  pteasnre.     Piivate  and  public  3.  Having  thus  bronghi  EuiopcMi 

prosperity  are  nipped  in  the  bud,  and  the  and  Aaiatic  civilisation  into  each  other'* 

wholeof  society  becomes  stagnant  with  presence,  let  u«  advert  to  the  meana 

oomiption  and  oppression.     Languor,  which    they   respectively   possess    oe 

■Inggishness,  and  apathy  take  passes-  have  employed,  to  influence  the  condi- 

•ion  of  the  general  mind ;  poverty  and  tion   of  the   world,  and   especially  tD 

irnoiance  abound  ;  and  there  is  no  pub-  those  which  Europe  has  employed  to 

he  provision  either  for  the  relief  of  des-  influencethe  condition  of  Asia.    Civili- 

titntion    or   for   the    education  of  the  sation,  as  it  now  exists  in  Asia,  is  the 

people.     The  education  they  provide  effect  of  three  principal  causes  that 

tbr  themselves  consists  of  the  merest  have   been  employed  to  produce  it — 

elements,  and  a  knowledge  of  these  is  conquest,   colonisation,   and    relig'ion  ; 

limited  to  a  very  small  proportion  of  the  and  the  same  means  hare  been  einploy- 

tnass.     The  learning  that  exists,  often  ed   to  produce  the  civilisation   which 

profound  and  abstruse,  never  includes  now  exists  in  Kiirope,  and  which  Eu- 

the  natural  and  social  sciences,  but  is  rope,  stQl  in  the  use  of  the  same  means, 

almost    exclusively    inielleotual    and  has  transferred  to  America.     Snbordi- 

metsphyaical,   and,   such  as   it   is,   is  nale  means,  it  may  be  admitted,  have 

always  at  the  command  of  the  govern-  been  employed  to  co-operate  with  these, 

ment   or   in   the   pay  of  the  wealthy,  but  their  influence  has  for  the  most  pail 

Thescr  then,  are    the   chief    features  been  merged  and  lost  in  that  of  the 

of  Asiatic  civilisation :  a  grinding  des-  three  we  have  just  mentioned.     Some- 

potism   carrying   out   its    behests    by  limes  one,  sometimes  another  of  theae 

meane  of  untold  hosts  of  corrupt  and  has  been  dispensed  with ;  but  taken  al- 

oppressive   satellites  of  every  grade  ;  together,  they  constitute  the  chief  in- 

princes,  and  nobles,  and  chiefs  alter-  stru mentalities  by  which  Asia  and  Eu- 

Hatcly  cringiofl  and  tyrannical,  accord-  rope  have  produced  the  pecniiar  civili- 

iug  as  then  laces  are  turned  towards  aotions  that  respectively  characterise 

the  powerful  or  the  weak ;  an  ignorant  them.    Sometimes  the  conquering  peo- 

and   prostrate  multitude   trembling   at  pie  have  been  of  the  same  religion  a* 

every  display  of  power  i   speculative  the    conquered  ;   and  at  other  times 

philosophers,   springing    from    a    dry  when  they  were  of  different  religiena, 

mtellectnality,  and  producing  a  cormpt  the   conquerors   have    ultimately  em- 

pnblic  sentiment  thioogh  the  medinm  braced  the  religion  of  the  conqnered, 

of  the  popular  superatitions,  of  which  instead  of  imposing  their  own.     Some- 

Ibey  arc  the  interested    teachers  and  times  from  peculiar  circumalincea  co- 

untielieving    priests ;     no    moral   life,  lonisalion    to    any   great   extent    haa 

because  no  principle  of  morality ;  no  not  followed  conquest ;  but  in  general 

social  progress,  because  no  principle  of  the  threefold  process  hae  been  perform- 

progress.    And  even  to  this  piclnre  -ed,  cooqncst  gaining  a  fooling  on  k 

■omething   must    be   added.      Asiatic  foreign  soil,  colonisation   securing  it, 

UTilisation  is  at  the  present  day  not  and  religion  riveting  the  chains.   Tfaaa 

OBlTiMitprogTeseiT«,bntit  haspTwably  the  best  attainable  evidence  shows  that 
VOL.  XT. — tto,  uutni.              5 


Google 


hfiutnei  ttf  European  on  Aiwlie  CiviUtatitm. 


tJaly. 


► 


tke  Hindoos  are  not  the  tborigioM  of 
India,  but  that  they  Bubjugsted  by  foioo 
of  arms  the  race  tint  pieceded  them, 
gradually  extenited  their  colonies  with 
theii  coaquesls,  or  their  conquMls  irf 
means  of  their  calonies,  and  slill  more 
graduallj  conrerted  the  real  abori^nes 
to  their  own  failb,  a  process  which  i« 
still  going  on,  and  which  is  even  now 
hi  from  being  corai^eted.  The  pro- 
grese'of  MuhamtnadaniBm  ihroughoat 
Aaia  is  an  iUuatration  of  the  combined 
<^ration  of  the  same  causes.  We  see 
the  Totariee  of  that  religion,  sword  in 
hand,  taking  posaeBsion  of  extensiTo 
countries,  permanently  setting  in  them 
after  having  enslaved  or  expelled  the 
fbrmer  inlubilanta,  and  making  the 
profeBsioQ  of  Mubaromadanism  a  qoali- 
fication  for  civil  and  social  righle.  We 
need  only  remind  ihe  reader  that  in  the 
ancient  civilisation  of  Euiope,  in  the 
transition  from  the  ancient  to  the  mo- 
dem by  the  overthrow  of  the  Roman 
Empire,  and  in  the  eilension  of  the 
modem  civilisation  of  Europe  to  Ame- 
rica, these  three  instruments  have, 
with  various  modifications,  been  mainly 
araplayad.  Bat  when  we  turn  from 
ifas  west  to  the  east,  and  consider  tho 
means  which  Europe  has  employed  to 
infineoee  the  condition  of  Aeia  in  mo- 
dem limes,  na  see  that  one  of  these 
inalrumenlalitics  has  been  dropped,  snd 
another  lubetttuled  for  it.  Commerce 
has  taken  the  place  of  colonisation,  not 
performing  ptccieeiy  the  same  office, 
nor  always  following  in  the  name  order, 
but  constituting  oue  of  the  three  great 
means  employed  at  the  present  dav  to 
extend  the  power  and  influence  of  Eu- 
rope in  Asia.  The  circnmstances  that 
have  induced  or  necessitated  this  sub- 
stitution are  not  without  interest  and 
instruction.  The  conditions  of  coloni- 
a  scale  large  enough  to  aflect 


.  it  and  uninfluenlial  exceptions, 
are  a  climate  adapted  to  the  physical 
eonstitutions  and  previous  habits  of  the 
colonials  ;  a  deficiency  of  population  in 
Lbs  country  10  be  colonised  ;  or,  if  the 
poptdation  is  numerous,  a  debasement 
of  character  in  that  popnlation,  subjecl- 
ing  tbem  either  to  enslavement  or  ex- 
jmlsion,  with  a  willingness  on  tho  part 
of  the  conquering  colonisls  lo  proceed 
to  either  of  these  exiremiiies.  Now  in 
thoae  Asiatic  oonotries  that  have  been 
lo  a  greater  or  leas  extent  brought  un- 
der t£e  influence  of  Europe,  the  climate 


is  not  friendlj  to  the  conatitutioiM  or 
congenial  lo  the  habits  of  the  natives 
of  northern  Europe,  who  have  chiefij 
exerted  that  influence ;  those  countriea, 
probably  the  earliest  settled  on  the  face 
of  the  globe,  are  numerously  peopled  ; 
and  it  ia  not  consistent  with  the  interest 
of  the  dominant  powers  or  with  the 
humanity  of  Ihe  age,  either  peraonally 
10  enslave  the  inhabitsnts  or  lo  expM 
them  from  their  native  soil.     Colonisa- 


t  least,  is  o 


tic  ooontnes,  as  yet  at  least,  u 
the  question.  On  the  other  hand,  c 
merce,  always  an  imporlani  infloence, 
but  confined  within  a  narrow  range, 
the  settlement  of  America 


and  the  discoverv  of  the  p; 
the  ' 
.   -  '■<^"" 
imwer.     It   traverses   the   globe  from 


passage  to  In- 
dia by  the  wav  of  the  Capo  of  Good 
Hope,  acquired  a  new  and  commanding 


east  to  west,  snd  from  north  to  sontb. 
It  embraces  Ihe  remotest  islands ;  it 
penetrates  the  interior  of  continents. 
It  supplies  the  warns  of  all ;  it  draws 
forth  the  resources  of  nil.  The  snbeti- 
tution  of  commerce  for  colonisation  as 
a  means  of  influence  might  seem  lo  be 
sn  advance  in  civilisation,  snd  to  pro* 
raise  pacific  and  salutary  results ;  for 
colonisation  has  usually  been  preceded 
or  accompanied  by  violence  and  injus- 
tice towards  the  original  inhabitants  of 
the  country  colonised,  while  commerce 
in  itself  is  simply  an  interchaneo  of 
benefits,  and  directly  tends  to  bind  man 
to  man  and  nation  to  nation  in  mutual 
and  friendly  dependence  apon  each 
other.  But  alas  for  the  perverted  in- 
^nuily  of  man,  and  the  false  position 
in  which  the  institutions  of  aocietj 
have  placed  him,  too  powerfully  (einpt< 
ing  him  to  lurn  good  into  evU!  For 
what  do  we  behold  in  the  history  of  tile 
influence  which  Europe  is  now  exert- 
ing over  Asia'  Wo  seo  commerce, bo 
beneficent  in  ils  direct  tendencies,  made 
the  base  pander  to  a  rampant  last  of 

Solitica!  power  and  lortitorial  aggran- 
izcment.  Wc  see  the  same  men  whose 
talk  has  been  of  barter  and  exchange, 
of  bales  of  merchandize  and  chests  of 
opium,  directing  the  movemenls  of 
armies  and  ihe  invasions  of  empires, 
subverting  dynasty  af\et  dynasty,  and 
acquiring  kingdom  aflcr  kingdom,  nil- 
ing  their  subjects  with  a  rod  of  iron, 
subjecting  them  lo  a  system  of  grinding 
taxation,  and  closing  the  whole  by  oBer- 
ing  them  Christianity  as  a  solace  for 
their  woes,  from  the  hands  of  a  clergy 


lizcdbyGoOl^Ic 


18440                Iiffiiune*  »/ Eunpean  on  Atia^ie  CMUatioK.  tff 

wid  from  the  TSTenaea  which  are  drawn  mentaia  India,  Tnnqoebsruid  Senn- 

man  the  poTcrtj  of  those  whom  thev  pore. 

ure  employed  to  coriTeTl.    Wtut  opi-  Tha  French  have  the  settlementa  of 

nion  mutt  Asiatics  form  of  our  com-  PDDdichBi[7,M&he,«DdChanderiikgDre 

merce  when  it  is  followed,  and  of  oar  id  India,  and  the  Isle  of  Bourbon  is 

lel^ios  when  it  ia*  preceded,  hj  coa-  the  Indian  Ocean. 

qnett  and  miagoveirnmeni  1  Tbo  English  dirsetlj  mle,  or  indi- 

4.  We  are  now  prepared  to  take  an-  rectlv  coatiol,  the  whole  of  India;  and 

other  Htep  in  advance,  and  to  endeavor  besides  [toasess  the  Mauritiua,  Cej]on, 

"to  acquire  a  comctview  of  the  existing  aod    various    provinces,   islands,   and 

political  system  of  Asia,  resaUing  from  aettlements  to  the  East  of   Bangslf 

the   combined   influence  of  European  whieh  it  is  nnnecessar^  to  eaumerus. 

commerce,  conqnest,  and  religion  ;  an  Russia,  which  it,  stnctly,  an  Aaiatie 

influence  which  has  more  or  Teas  ope-  as  well  as  an  European  pinvtr,  extend* 

rated  during  a  period  of  nearly  350  her   authority   over   a  vast  extent  of 

veats,  and  ibe  effects  of  whiob,  there-  country,    oonslituting    tbe    whole    of 

lore,  cannot  fail  to  be  distinctly  marked.  Northern  Asia, 

The  political  aysiem  of  Asia  may  be  She  is  the  only  proper  Asiatic  powsi 

conveniently  redded  from  two  differ-  that  ia  Christian,  and  the  remaining 

-CDt  points  of  view  :  first,  by  classing  Asiatic  powers,  strictly  so  called,  may 

the  different  powers  according  to  their  be  subdivided  into  two   great  classes; 

origin,  as  Eunq«an  or  Asiatio;   and  those  which  profess  the  Muharomadao, 

aecondty,  according   to  their   relative  and  those  which  profess  tbe  Baddbist 

importance,  aa  first,  second,  or  third  religion.    The  prmcipal  Mubammadan 

xate  powers  ;  in  the  same  manner  aa  governments  are  Tnikej,  Persia,  Khi- 

the  different  independent  governments  va,  Bokhara,  and  Cabul,  together  with 

of  Europe  and  Anmica  are  classed  in  various  smaller  aUtes  in  Central  Asia ; 

tba  political  systems  of  those  eonti-  and  the  government  of  the  Imain  of 

jients.  Muscat,  on  the  coast  of  Arabia.    Tha 

The  Poitngueae  were  the  first  of  the  Buddhist   oovernments    are    thoae   of 

European  powerawhomade  settlements  China,  with  its  dependencies,  Thibtrt, 

in  Asia,  but  their  Itifluence  is  now  re-  Ccrea,    and  Bhoolan,  Japan,  Cochin 

dnced  to  a  nullity.     Their  possessions  Cbina^  Siam,  and  Bormah. 

are  inaigniGcant ;  suchaaGaa,  Damaun  Such  is  a  bare  enumeration  of  ths 

and  Din  in  India,  and  Macao  in  China;  various  European  and  Asiatic  powera 

but  they  have  left  a  deep  impression  of  existing  in  Asia,  or  eiercising  an  influ- 

tbemselvesin  the  mixed  race  descended  en ee  over  it,  omitting  a!)  refersoce  to 

from    them    called     Portuguese,    and  tbe  nomadic  Turcoman  tribes  of  Cen- 

epread  all  over  the  East ;  and  in  the  ttal  Asia,  and  of  the  desert  bordering 

corrupt  dialect  aUo  called  Portuguese,  on  the  eastern  shores  of  the  Caspian 

and  spoken  by  that  class.  Sea ;  to  tbe  Bedoweeo,  or  independant 

The  Spaniards  possess  the  Philip-  tribes  of  Arabia ;  to  the  petty  Malajr 

pine  Isles,  but  their  power  does  not  ex-  states,  some  of  them  piratical,  on  the 

tend  within  that  archipelago  beyond  the  peninsula  of  Malacca ;  and  to  the  sar- 

imraediate  reach  of  their  armies,  and  age  and  half  civilised  tribes  in  the  in* 

the  influence  of  their  religion.     They  terior  of  moat  of  the  islands  of  the  In- 

are  in  perpetual  hostilities  with  several  dian  archipelago, 

of  the  native  tribes.  This  enumeration,  dry  and  maa^r 

The  Dutch  possess  the  island  of  Java,  in  itself,  may  reader  mors  clearly  u- 
and  the  Molucca,  or  Spice  Islands,  lelligible  tba  eatimate  now  to  be  mad* 
They  have  settlements  on  the  coast  of  of  the  relative  political  importance  of 
Sumatra,  and  are  engaged  in  fiei]nent  the  different  states  or  govsmmenta  es- 
offensive  and  defensive  wars  with  the  ercising  authority  in  Asia. 
tribee  of  the  interior.  They  claim  the  In  this  estimate  we  may  dismiss  all 
whole  of  Borneo,  although  they  have  reference  to  the  Portuguese  and  DaoMf 
only  a  few  nnimportant  settlements  on  whose  territorial  possessions  are  insig- 
the  coast.  The  Dutch  and  PortugDeaa  niflcant,  and  whose  political  influenca 
claimbctweentbemtheislandof  TuDor,  ianulli  as  well  as  to  the  varioos  Tur- 
in the  Indian  archipelago,  coman,  Arab,  Malayan,    and    savagv 

The  Daties  have  two  small  settle-  tribes  jnal  manliooea,  who  hare  not 


=1  Google 


It^fivtnee  »f  European  en  Atiatic  CimlUalion. 


[j"i,. 


w  yet  been  broUBlit  under  tbe  influence 
eTen  ot  Aaiatic  civiliauion,  in  its  most 
impeifect  forma. 

Holtaad,  France,  and  Spain,  may  be 
described  as  belonging  to  the  diss  of 
thiid-rale  powers,  frani  their  insular 
poewaions  ;  as  well  as  Bonnah,  Siam, 
and  Cochin-Cbina,  the  chief  Indo' 
Chinese  nations,  (reqnently'  engaged  in 
mtiltial  hostilities,  but  taking  no  part  in 
the  general  politics  of  Asia.  A  higher 
place  might  be  civen  to  Hdland,  if  she 
really  possessea  what  ahe  claims, — tbe 
three  largest  islands  in  tbe  world  (with 
the  exception  of  New  Holland,  which 
la  B  continent  rather  than  an  island), — 
viz :  Java,  Sumatra,  and  Borneo,  al- 
thoQgh  in  fact  she  can  be  said  to  pos- 
MsB  only  Java ;  in  itself,  however,  an 
inTaluabfe  acquisition,  and  pre-eminent- 
ly rich  in  natural  resources.  Hallanil, 
however,  as  well  as  France  and  Spain, 
holds  her  Eastern  possessions  by  a  bind 
of  sufferance ;  for  England  could  with 
ease  make  herself  master  of  tbem  all 
within  three  months  afler  the  declara* 
tioD  of  hostilities. 

In  the  class  of  aeeond-rate  powers 
may  be  marked  Turkey,  whose  impor- 
tance ia  derived  in  part  from  her  con- 
nection with  Earopean  politics,  and  in 
part  from  the  fact  that  she  is  the  chief 
representaliTe  of  orthodox  Muhamma- 
danism  in  the  eyes  of  all  the  Muhamma- 
dan  states,  chiefs,  and  people  found 
throughout  Asia.  Ferala  is  the  next 
power  in  the  same  class,  not  becaase 
of  her  resources  and  strength,  which 
are  few  and  small,  but  because  she 
offers  a  templing  prey  to  Russia,  and 
a  barrier  against  her  advance  to  the 
sonih  and  *east,  and  also  because,  as 
Turkey  is  the  representatiTe  of  the 
Soon  nee,  or  orthodox  doctrine,  so 
Persia  is  the  representative  of  the 
Sheea,  or  so-called  heterodox  feith, 
amongst  the  Muhammadans  of  Asiatic 
coontries.  Khiva,  Bokhara,  and  Ca- 
bal, belong  to  the  same  class,  deriving 
their  importance  from  (heir  relative 
position  between  Russia  and  India ;  to 
which  may  be  added  Japan,  forming,  as 
Thibet  does  to  the  west  of  China,  an 
outpost  to  the  east  of  that  empire,  of 
congenial  policy,  although,  unlike  Thi- 
bet, enjoying  perfect  national  indepen- 

The  oniy^  remaining  powers  are 
China,  Russia  snd  England,  who  alone 
ate  entitled  to  be  nuked  among  the 
Gnt-iMe    political   powers    of    Asia. 


Heir  relations  to  each  other,  and  the 
influence  which  they  respectively  exerl 
on  the  condition  and  destinies  of  the 
whole  continent,  are  questions  of  deep 
and  complicated  interest. 

China,  \vhieh  flrtt  demands  attention, 
is  a  power  of  the  first  order  from  the 
extent  and  compactaeasof  her  territory, 
the  amount  of  her  population,  the  cen- 
tralisation and  apparent  immobility  of 
her  government,  and  the  prtilige  at- 
tached to  her  name  by  the  antiquity 
and  alleged  superiority  of  her  civilisa- 
tion. There  are,  however,  various  coa- 
siderations  which  tend  to  show  that  her 
preienaions  and  repute  are  overrated. 
She  is  governed  by  a  foreign  dynasty 
of  conquerors,  who,  while  ihey  appear 
to  have  prudently  identified  themselves 
with  the  religion  and  inslitnlious  of  the 
country,  yet  evince  their  jealousy  of 
the  conquered  race  by  retaining  the 
military  authority  in  their  own  hands. 
It  is  known  also  that  there  are  widely 
ramified  secret  associations  among  the 
native  Chinese,  aiming  at  the  ovetlBrow 
of  the  existing  government,  and  keenly 
watched  by  their  Tartar  conquerors. 
It  is  further  notorious  that  dangerous 
and  threatening  insurrections  have 
within  a  comparatively  recent  period 
taken  place  both  among  the  Muhsmroa- 
dan  tribes  in  Tartary,  and  among  the 
tribes  of  mountaineers  in  the  very  hcsrt 
of  ihe  empire.  The  restriction  of  the 
foreign  trade  to  the  port  of  Canton  was 
contrary  to  the  original  policy  of  the 
empire,  was  dictated  by  the  fesr  of  the 
encroachments  of  European  powers, 
and  was  a  palpable  confession  of  con- 
scious weakness— a  weakness  which  ia 
rendered  more  apparent  by  the  remnval 
of  the  restriction  at  the  close  of  a  war, 
by  means  of  which  Englsnd  was  ena- 
bled to  dictate  her  own  terms,  and 
in  which  China,  with  all  the  will  to 
injure  her  opponent,  exhibited  a  total 
ignorance  of  the  art  of  war,  and  an 
incapacity  to  wield  with  effect 


hero' 


Her  r 


lauons  with  England  are  at  present 
friendly,  but  the  late  war,  at  once  on- 
provoked  in  its  cause,  unjust  in  its 
objects,  and  sanguinary  in  its  conse- 
quences, must  have  left  a  hostile  feeling 
rankling  in  Ihe  minds  both  of  the  people 
and  of  the  government,  which  will  here- 
aflet  find  expression  ;  and  what  expe- 
rience suggests  as  probeble  the  best 
accocnie  make  certain.  With  Russia 
China  ia  and  has  uointertuptedlj  been 

Digitized  byGoOl^le 


1344.]                  li^uenct  »f  European  on  Aiiatic  CwUitatum.  W 

on  still   Riore   friendlj  tenns,   hmag  betwaaa  the  Black  and  CMpitn  HU, 

«IloweiI  bar  uiDUally  to  send  a  certain  &nd  she  conid  at  any  time  ovenma  anj 

oumbsr  of  Roasiaa  jonths  to  Fekin  Tot  take  poueision   of  all   the   renuining 

•  Ctiiaese  edacation,  at  a  time  when  provinces  in  Asia,  of  both  tbose  conu- 

tfae  eea-board  was  almost  bermctjcally  tries.    From  iha  peculiar  difficalties  of 

aealed  against  otber  oalioDs.     Russia  the  coactry  and  tbe  daring  spirit  of  the 

■a  her   natural   nlly  against  England,  people,  she  has  been  fui  years  engaged 

whose  career  in  India  is  well  known  to  in  an  unavailing  attempt  to  brins  Cic- 

ber, and  whose  further  adrances  she  cassia  under  hci  complete  control;  bnt 

jnslly  fears  ;   but   it   is   probable  that  her  oltimate  success  can  scarcely  be 

shut  ap  in  her  own  self-aaSciency  she  deemed  doubtful.     It  was  the  intrigues 

does  not  appreoitte  the  importance  of  of  a  Russian  agent  with  tbe  chieH  of 

establishing  positive  internaliooal  rela-  Candahar  and  Cabul,  professing  to  act 

tione  with  Russia  witb  a  view  to  ber  under  tbe  authority  of  the  Russian  am- 

futnre  safety,  and  that  therefore  in  sae~  bassador  in  Persia,  and  of  the  Russiaa 

oessive  struggles  she  will  fall  an  easy  minister  at  St.   Petersburgh,  and  tbe 

prey  to  her  reslless  and  aspiring  neigh-  apparent  readiness  of  those  chiefs  to 

bor.     ^he   partakes   pre-eminently   of  listen  to  his  proposals,  that  constituted 

the  Asiatic  character,  and  is  in  fact  its  the  primary  motives  to  the  invasion  of 

highest  and  most  perfect  development.  Affghaoistan  by  the  British  in  )83B-3Q. 

Her- policy  is  isolated;  her  position  No  sooner  was  this  expedition  uadeC' 

■tuionary ;  her  government  a  despot-  taken,  than   Russia  sent   an  army   to 

ism  ;    her   people    panpets.     Without  Khiva,  professedly  to  liberate  Russian 

freedom  oi  a  knowledge  of  freedom ;  slaves,  but  in  reality  to  cooDteract  the 

without  progress  or  the  idea  of  pro-  ambitions  views  of  Kngland,   and   to 

greas ;  without  sympathy  or  the  desire  restore  ths  supposed  balance  of  power 

of  sympathy  with  or  from  others,  she  in  Central  Asia.     It  is  known  that  pn- 

eziles  herself  from  the  eomtnanity  of  sons  have  been  deputed  by  the  Rossian 

nations,  and  escept  by  the  mere  passive  goverament     to    survey    the    Hteral 

endurance  of  sunering-  and  passive  re-  routes  to  India,  and  to  report  on  tbe 

sistance  to  attack,  she  will  not  end  topography  and  resources  of  the  loter- 

oannot  join  in  the  movements  that  are  mediate  countries ;  and   it   is  alleged 

changing  and  must  still  farther  change  that  on  the  occasion  of  a  di^domatic 

the  wnole  form  and  structare  of  Asiatic  difficulty   between   tbe   two  courts,   it 

society.  was   suggested  in  the  official  gaietta 

Russia  and  England  alone  remain  ;  of  St.  Petersburgh,  that  it  might  pro* 

gcivemmenta  with  whose  general  cha-  bably  require  to  be  adjusted  at  Calcntta. 

raolei   we   are    well    acquainted,   bat  Whatever  truth  or  falsehood  there  may 

whose    relative  position,  policy,  and  be  in  this  statement,  we  da  not  believe 

influence,  in  Asia,  are  not  ed  fully  an-  that  Russia  has,  or  ever  had,  a  settled 

derstood.  design  to  invade  British  India,  althougb 

Tbe  designs  of  Rassia  in  tbe  East  the   English   sometimes   allow    them- 

are  much  less  known  than  those  of  selves  to  be  troubled  with  such  an  sp> 

England,  from  the  different  nature  of  prehenaion.     ladependenlly  of  the  dif- 

the  governments  of  the  two  coantiies ;  ficnlties  of  the  route,  and  the  formida- 

but  they  may  be    inferred    from   her  ble  opposition  she  would  encounter  on 

history,  her  position,  and  her  acts.  She  the  banks  of  the  Indus,  she  oannot 

has  an  extensive  territory  in  Northern  spare  her  armies  from  Europe  for  sncli 

Asia,  but  it  is  sterile  and  sparsely  peo-  a  purpose.     She  will  attempt  nothing 

p]ed,and  is  employed  either  as  a  vast  of  the  kind  by  asnddaneffortonalarge 

prison-honse  fur  state  criminals,  or  as  scale  ;  but  what  she  will  accomplish 

the  abode  of  wandering  and  uncivilized  will  be  by  steady  and  progressive  steps, 

hordes  of  human  beings.    As  in  Bu-  not  ths  less  snre  because  they  will  be 

Xit  has  been  and  is  her  notorious  slow.     In   the   meantime,  she  pushes 

:y  to  extend  her  power  and  inSu-  het  oommerce  at  every  point ;  and  tbe 

encB  to  the  South,  so  it  is  in  Asia  testimony  of  British  travellers  shows 

also;  and  the  means  she  has  employed  that   Russian   products   and  mann&o- 

bave  been  chiefly  those  formerly  indt-  tures  are  found  in  abundance  at  all  the 

eated — commerce,  arms,  and  religion,  great  marls  of  Central  Asia,     As  ft 

She  has  wrested  from    Turkey  and  government,  Russia  poanesses  the  paa- 

Persia  soom  of  their  £uiest  provinces  sive  iaunobjlity  of  an  Asiatic  power  tot 


Google 


laflutnce  tfEmnptmn  on  Atiatie  Cwiluati^. 


P">T, 


pnrpowi  of  renttanee,  and  f»t  par- 
poaes  of  oflencB  and  progrets  she  hu 
tbe  energy  and  enligbieameBt  of  an 
BJvTopesn  ponei.  She  is  directing  faer 
ConrH  from  the  north  to  the  south  ni 
Asia,  as  well  la  in  Guiope,  aa  sure  u 
that  the  coarse  of  the  son  is  from  oast 
to  west.  Thii  is  a  moral  necessity, 
arising  fTam  her  histoTir  and  position  as 
a  nation,  SDd  the  iaflaencs  she  wiU  ex- 
ercise mnsl  partake  of  the  mixed  chs- 
lactei  th&t  belongs  to  her  ciTilisalion, 

Kngland  next  claims  attention,  and, 
of  all  the  political  powers  in  Asia,  she 
has  exerted,  and  will  continue  to  exert, 
tbe  widest  and  most  commanding  influ- 
ence over  the  condition  and  character 
of  that  coDtineot.  She  is  a  power  of 
the  first  magnitude  in  the  poliiioal  sys- 
tems both  of  Europe  and  America ; 
and  in  the  political  system  of  Asia  the 
nme  higli  rank  must  be  asfligoed  to 
her,  whether  we  consider  the  extent  of 
her  territorial  possessions,  the  number 
of  her  Asiatic  subjecis,  the  physical 
tveoDrces  of  the  connlries  she  thus 
rales  and  controls,  or  the  efficient  sys- 
tem of  government  which  she  hss  or- 
ganiied  both  for  the  pnrpose  of  detel- 
oping  those  resenrees,  for  coercing 
efteaence  to  her  will,  and,  whenever 
her  policy  may  dictate,  extending  the 
kMKindaries  of  har  authority  and  empire. 
Three  hundred  years  ago  she  first  ap- 
peared in  the  Iiidian  seas  as  an  hntnMe 
trader,  and  presented  petitions  to  the 
head  of  the  Moghul  empire  for  permis- 
sion to  traffic  within  his  dominions. 
She  is  now  the  paramonnt  power  in 
India,  having  a  standing  snoj  of  at 
least  150,000  troops,  native  and  Bu- 
ropea  n,protectingalsnd  frontier  of3,SS6 
British  miles,  and  covering  1,111,163 
■qnare  miles  within  that  frontier,  with 
a  population  of  123,000,000  of  souls. 
Tfafs  estimate,  made  in  1637,  in  an 
official  report  addressed  la  the  Indian 
government,  does  not  include  the  recent 
•cqniftition  of  Sinde  on  the  western 
frontier  of  India.  Not  content  with 
die  whole  continent  of  India,  she  has 
■t  SDceessive  periods,  nnder  real  or 
alleged  provocation,  engaged  in  war 
botli  with  Nepal  and  Bormah,  and  hss 
ODTtailed  them  of  extensive  and  valua- 
Me  territories  is  the  price  of  peace. 
Lahore  on  the  northern  frontier,  which 
inclnden  the  fine  coimtry  of  the  Punjab, 
die  province  of  Uonltan,  and  the  betn- 
tiftil  vdley  of  Caahmete,  is  in  a  state 
of  civil  war,  which,  aa  the  general 


eoBservatoT  of  the  peace  in  India  and 
on  its  bordera,  she  will  consider  herself 
(Miged  to  settle  by  taking  possession 
of  the  conntiy.  In  attemptingto  gsBrd 
against  the  intrigues  of  Raseia  and 
Persia,  she  has  lately  sought  to  control 
the  politics  of  Central  Asia,  by  rrj^ao' 
ing  on  the  throne  of  Cabul  the  repte- 
senlative  of  an  old  and  repudiated  dy- 
nasty. She  has  signally  faded,  and 
has  created  sEainst  JMrseff  a  feeling  of 
hostility  in  those  countries,  which  are 
thus  prepared  to  throw  themselves  into 
the  arms  of  Russia  against  England, 
whenever  the  fit  time  shall  como~-thns 
inereasing  a  thousand -fold  the  danger 
she  songtit  to  avert.  The  subsequent 
acquisition  of  Sinde,  however,  inclnd- 
ing  the  command  of  the  banks  of  the 
Indus,  hsa  greatly  strengthened  her 
western  frontier,  and  will  afford  an 
invaluable  inlet  for  her  c 


India,  and  between  India  and  Persia. 
The  extension  of  ber  commerce  ip«s 
the  real  object  of  the  late  war  with 
China,  which  has  opened  five  ports  of 
that  great  empire  to  the  commerce  oC 
the  world,  and  brought  her  throrrginf; 
millioDS  within  the  range,  for  good  or 
for  ill,  of  the  fall  tide  of  European  in- 
fluences. 

There  is  another  source  of  infloeaee 
over  the  Eastern  world,  which  Kng- 
land possesses,  not  fully  developed, 
and  as  yet  probably  almost  wbol);  un- 
appreciated. England  is  sowing  the 
seeds  of  future  empires  on  the  Aoslr*- 
tian  continent,  in  Van  Dieman's  Land, 
and  in  the  island  of  New  Zealand,  by 
means  of  colonies,  in  some  of  which 
the  nascent  and  vigorous  spirit  of  free- 
dom is  already  demanding  a  representa- 
tive form  of  government.  Hobart 
Town  and  Sidney  are  within  three 
weeks'  sail  of  Canton,  and  by  steam 
probably  less  than  a  fortnight.  Fiftj 
or  a  hundred  years  hence,  when  these 
settlements  shall  be  full  grown  colonies, 
or  younp  and  independent  governments, 
they  will  not  only  spread  over  the  whole 
of  Australia,  and  extend  their  civilisa- 
tion to  the  numerous  oceanic  isles,  be- 
tween the  American  and  AsiBlie  con- 
tinent, but  by  the  inevitable  force  of 
circumstances,  wilt  carry  their  com- 
merce, if  not  their  arms,  into  China, 
Corea,andthe  islesof  Japan.  Webavft 
spoken  of  the  f tret  of  circvmtlancta  ; 
and  England,  to  do  her  jnstiee,  does 
not  seek  the  nere  aequiatlioa  of  teni- 


1U4.]  ■                If^venei  ef  Buropeaa  im  Aiiatic  Cieiiitatioa,  71 

tory,  of  whicli  she  bu  eooagb,  &□<!  «  purpose — a.  wise  and  beaeficent  ptu- 
more  Ib&n  enough.  It  is  the  eitensioa  pose — and  to  tnce  it  fiom  tU  first  feebl« 
of  her  commeroe,  in  which  every  sue-  glimmerings,  to  its  preseat  deuDBsa 
cessiTO  jear  she  finds  more  acliTe  utd  distiDctness,  snd  in  prospect,  to  iu 
eompetitora ;  it  is  the  coIoeiMtion  of  future  full  and  glorious  deTelopment. 
her  growiug  popuUlion,  ever;  year  This  purpose  we  hold  to  be  the  pereep- 
roore  numerous  and  leas  mauageabte  ;  tiou  and  establishmeat  of  ibe  meiil 
it  is  the  supply  of  old  markets  snd  the  nnitj  of  universal  humanity,  the  moral 
creation  of  new  ones,  at  which  she  uuityof  all  the  familiesoftherace  with 
Aims.  It  is  for  these  purposes  that  she  eaoh  other  in  the  bosom  of  their  corn- 
founds,  Had  cherishes,  and  extends  her  men  God  and  Father.  There  is  indeed 
colonies,  and  it  was  for  these  purposes  an  apparent  wide  discrepance  between 
that  in  India  she  first  eBtablishod  facto-  the  means  and  the  end ;  but  there  is  in 
ries,  then  buitt  forts,  then  aeauired  pro-  faet  no  greater  discrepance  than  be- 
vbces,  and  finally  subdued  empires,  twecn  the  evil  which  we  see  and  feel 
nnlit  ber  statesmen,  groaning  under  the  around  us,  and  the  good  which  we  also 
toad  of  power  and  responsibility,  faavo  see  and  feel  arises  from  it,  as  a  part  of 
resolved  and  re-resolved  that  an  end  the  moral  tnining  which  we  receive, 
most  be  put  to  terriiotial  aoqnisition  in  It  behoves  ns  to  distingaish  between 
Ute  East.  Bat  all  in  vain.  White  the  purposes  of  individual  agents  and 
these  Hsolutions  are  framing  in  En^-  the  aggregate  resolta  of  their  acts, 
land,  a  eon^ngenoy  has  arisen  in  India  ColninmiB  and  Vasca  de  Gama,  bv  theii 
which  oompcds  the  aniltoritiee  Iheie  to  diecoveries,  contribeted  to  bring  Ameri- 
engaoe  inanewwar,  fbrthepnrpoMfit  e&  tbe  youngest  daughter  of  hnmanity, 
nay  M,  of  punishing  a  refractory  chief,  and  Asia  its  eldest  proKeoitoi,  into  uai* 
01  <tf  keeping  the  general  peace,  or  of  t;  with  the  other  divistans  of  the  race, 
avenging  an  unprovided  msult,  or  of  bnt  the  moral  conception  and  purpose 
protecting  an  eiposed  frontier,  and  the  which  we  have  indicated  probably  never 
result  BlSl  is  more  territory.  Uer  entered  into  their  minds.  Each  has 
mission,  as  well  as  ^al  of  Russia,  ap-  achieved  an  imperishable  memory  Cat 
parently  is  to  advance—to  awaken  die  himself  in  faithfully  performing  the  du- 
natioDS  of  the  east  from  the  slumbers  lies  which  he  owed,  the  one  to  the 
of  ages, — to  spread  their  comnurce,  crown  of  Spain,  the  other  to  the  crown 
their  arms,  their  religion,  their  civilisa-  of  PorUgal ;  but  neither  looked  beyond 
tioo  over  the  whole  of  Asia.  In  the  these  results.  They  did  not  centeat- 
prosecution  of  these  objects,  these  two  plate  the  political,  the  social,  moch  lesa 
powers  will  infallibly,  sooner  or  later,  the  moral  unity  of  the  whole  race,  as 
come  into  collision ;  and  the  result  it  is  the  certain,  the  probable,  or  even  the 
of  course  impossible  to  predict.  They  desirable  noosequcoce  of  their  high  ge- 
may  rebound  from  each  other  like  two  nios  and  enterprise.  Even  now  into 
air-balls  without  permanent  mutual  how  many  minds  does  Ibis  conception 
injury ;  or  like  images  of  clay  or  enter,  altbough  it  is  the  conception 
potter's  vessels  they  may  dash  each  which  above  ^1  others  shines  forth  and 
other  to  pieces  )  but  the  result  will  be  is  embodied  in  the  religion  we  profess, 
the  same  to  the  cause  of  hnmanity.  The  sod  which  sheds  a  peculiar  lustrft 
barriers  will  have  been  effectually  around  the  name  and  doctrine  of  lbs 
thrown  down  between  Asiatic  and  Eu-  peasant  of  Galilee,  above  all  the  philoao- 
ropean  civilisation ;  a  new  spirit  will  phers  of  all  other  eges  and  countries, 
have  bean  infused  into  Asiatic  society  ;  Sitting  at  His  feet  and  imbibing  the 
precious  seed  will  have  been  widely  spirit  of  His  meek  and  all-compreben- 
SOwn,wbichwiligerminaleandpTodoce  sive  benevolence,  we  can  form  some 
some  thirty,  sooke  fifty,  and  some  a  ban-  conception  of  this  central  truth  of 
dred  fold  in  a  renovated  people,  venevat-  Christianity  and  of  the  science  of  bn- 
•d  goremmeots  and  renovated  institu-  man  natare  ;  bnt  how  far  is  that  tralh 
tions.  from  being  yet  practically  lealixed! 
It  is  consoling  to  the  human  mind,  Africa, — injured,Dppresaed, insulted  Af- 
amid  the  waning  passions  of  man,  the  rica, — has  not  yet  been  brought  within 
fierce  conflicts  of  opposing  civilisations,  the  pale  of  a  commoa  humaoily.  Calo- 
aod  the  crime  and  misery  which  they  nisation,  commerce,  conquest,  and  reli- 
^oduce,  to  discover  in  these  mystc-  giou  have  indeed  conduced  to  akind  of 
nous  operattons  of  Divine  ProviclBQoe  political  nnity  between  Europe,  AaUg      -. 

Coog  c 


EUtaitth  Bamll. 


[Mr. 


W   -A 


tnd  America,  for  no  iinparunl  political 
erent  cao  take  piece  id  one  withjpt  be- 
ing felt  and  reaponded  to  hy  eUSusand 
eliorde  in  the  othere.  Bien  >e  &  eys- 
tem  of  political  \ia\ly,jpfvnret,  bow 
imperfect  and  bToken.VnKr  repngnint 
and  Jarring,  it  ie,  we  Wjunow.  nat  tbe 
natoral  coasequetoe  of  political  unity  ie 
aocial  unity,  of  Irhich,  in  ite  true  and 
coinprehenule  e^nae,  we  are  just  be- 
ginning to  tofm  the  conception,  while, 
of  thepiBctical  means  foi  its  attainment, 
wo  arc  yet  profoundly  ignotanl.  So- 
cial unity,  again,  is  the  indispensable 
precursor  of  a  tree  and  all-embracing 
moral  nnity  among  the  direraiGed  laoii- 
lies,  tribes  and  nations  of  manlcind, 
which  is  consequently  atill  farther  re- 
moved from  ua  in  the  &r  vista  of  fature 


ages.  TheM  is  thna  a  loDg  and  nobl« 
career  for  miD  yet  to  ran  on  the  &ce 
of  this  globe,  high  and  exalted  aims 

iilaced  before  him.  Those  who  nmy 
Dok  upon  all  Uiis  as  visionary  and  Uto- 
pian, we  will  only  refer  to  the  history  of 
events  both  in  America  and  in  Asia, 
during  the  last  three  centnries  and  a 
half;  events  which  have  bionght  both 
continents,  prevloosly  ignorant  of  each 
other's  existence,  into  the  closest  and 
moat  intimate  relations  with  each  other 
and  with  Europe ;  which  have  given  an 
unquestioned  ascendency  to  EuTopean 
civilisation  in  both  ;  and  which  have 
thus  paved  the  way  for  thai  social  and 
moral  nnity  which  is  one  of  the  bighesi 
aspirations  of  the  human  soul,  and  the 
true  end  and  destiny  of  man  on  earth. 


ELIZABETH  BARRETT 


1b  for  the  first  lime  made  popnlarly 
known,  on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic,  by 
the  account  given  of  her  in  Home's 
late  goBsippiog  book,  the  "  New  SfMrit 
of  the  Age."  We  are  glad  to  be  able 
toannounoe  that  before  long  the  Ameri- 
can public  will  be  favored  with  the 
opportunity  of  knowing  her  still  better, 
through  some  of  her  own  most  exquisite 
utterances  of  the  divino  soul  of  poetry 
that  glows  within  her,  generated  of  the 
sweetest  union  of  womanly  tenderness 
of  heart  and  masculine  lofiineas  and 
power  of  ioiellect.  A  couple  of  vol- 
umes of  her  poems  (most  of  them  now 
for  the  first  time  given  to  the  world)  are 
mt  the  present  moment  passing  through 
the  press  of  Moxon,  in  London,  under 
the  title  of  "  A  Drama  of  Life,  and  other 
poems ;"  and  will  be  republished  here 
by  Langley  on  the  reception  of  the  re- 
mahideT  of'^the  sheets, — a  part  of  which, 
containing  theprincipat  poem  of  the  col- 
lection, we  have  been  &vored  with  per- 
mission to  peruHH  ;  with  the  farther 
privilege  of  inserting  it,  some  time  in 
advance  of  the  pnblication  on  either  side 
of  the  ocean,  in  this  Review.  One  of 
the  most  beantiful  poems  which  our  day 
has  produced  (an  excellent  judge  has 
declared  it  the  finest  that  has  appeared 
sinoe  "  Manfred"),  we  are  glad  to  grace 


these  pages  with  it ;  only  regretting 
that  the  present  Number  affords  room 
for  bet  half  of  it,  compelling  ns  to  re* 
serve  the  remainder,  which  is  perhaps 
the  superior  half,  for  oar  next. 

It  wilt  not  be  inappropriate,  nor  un- 
welcome to  the  reader,  to  complete  theae 
introductory  remarks  by  quoting  from 
Mr.  Home  the  following  personal  ac- 
count of  this  fair  poetess  and  wondroos 
woman.  Speaking  of  Mrs.  Norton  in 
connection  with  Miss  Barrett,  he  say*  : 

"  The  former  lady  is  well  known,  person- 
alty, to  a  Isr^e  and  admiring  circle,  and  is 
also  exleosively  known  to  the  reading  pub- 
lic by  her  works.  The  latter  lady,  or 
'Aunhade' — whichever  she  may  be^ — is 
not  known  personally,  to  anybody,  we 
had  almost  said;  bet  her  poetry  is  known  to 
a  highly  intelleelual  cla>s,and  she 'lives* 
in  constant  correspondenoe  with  many  of 
the  most  eminent  peraoni  of  the  tUae. 
When,  however,  we  consider  the  many 
strange  and  ingenious  conjectures  that 
are  made  in  aner  years,  coDceroing  au- 
thors who  appeared  but  little  among  their 
caDtemporsriet,  or  of  whose  biography 
little  is  sctnally  known,  we  should  not  be 
in  tbe  least  inrprised,  could  we  MCI  up  our 
ear  out  of  our  grave  a  century  hence,  to 
hear  some  learned  Tfael»n8  expressing 
shrewd  ^mbU  as  to  whether  such  an  in- 


lizcdbyGoOl^Ic 


19U.]                                     Eliatheti  BarrtU.  1* 

dtridail  m  Min  E.  B.  Burett  had  erer  from  Genni*  Id  Haltcbi  (am  i^tttA  ber 

nallrnuted,   Letteia  «nd  uotea,  and  «i-  course  to  be  (topped  br  the  Chsldean), 

qvlsite  Eagllsh  Irrica,  aad  perhipt  a  few  jet  tbere  is  probablj  not  ■  nngle  good  r^ 

deifani  Latia  Terse*,  and  ipirited  traula-  mance,  c^  Ihe  molt  romantic  Itiod,  in 

thms  from  Sat^laf,  might  alt  be  dis-  vboae  tnarvelloDa  and  imposaible  teenes 

eaT««d  under  tbat  name ;  bat  thia  wonid  sbe  hat  not  delighted,  over  tbe  rortunci  of 

not  prove  that  such  a  ladf  had  erer  dwell  whose  immaculate  or  incredible  heroes 

■mongni.   CerlaJn admirable  and eradiie  and   heroines  she   hs.<  not  wept;  not  a 

pTOM  articles  on  Ihe  'Greek  Christian  eleTer  novel  or  fancirul  sketch  of  onr  own 

Poeta,' mif  hi  liketrise  be  ascertained  bj  day,  over  the  brij^blest  pages  of  which  she 

A«  eihnmation  ot  snndrr  private  letters  has  not  smiled  inwardly,  or  langbed  out- 

■ad  doeumeots,  touching  periodical  lilera-  right,  jnsl  as  their  anlhon  themaeliea 

tore,  to  hare  been  from  (he  hand  of  that    would  have  desired The 

•ana  '  Valerian  ;'  bat  neither  the  poetry,  promineut  ebaracteriatiei    of  these  two 

nor  (be  prose,  nor  the  delightfolly  gossip-  poetesses  may  be  designated  as  the  ftmg- 

ping  notes  to  Ihir  friends,  nor  the  frank  gles  of  woman  towards  happloess,  and  the 

correfpondence  with  scholars,   sneh    as  straggles  of  a  sonl  towards  heaven.    The 

Lady  Jane  Grey  might  have  written  (a  one  is  oppressed  with  a  sense  of  iojastice, 

Soger  Aachoai — no,  not  even  if  (he  great-  aad  feeh  the  need  of  human  love ;  the 

gtaadson  of  some  learned  Jewish  doctor  oUier  is  troabledwithasenieorfflortalily, 

oonld  show  a  note  in  Hebrew  (quite  a  and  aspires  to  identify  herself  with  ethe- 

likely  thing  really  to  be  extant)  with  the  real  eiisteoces.    The  one  has  a  certain 

same  (ignalnre,  darkly  translated  by  fhor  liage  of  morbid  despondency  taking  (he 

letten, — oey,  though  he  ^onld  diq>lay  aa  tone  of  complaint  and  the  ampliUcatioB  of 

a  relic  treasured  in  his  family,  the  very  prirate  griefs  j  the  other  too  oflea  dis- 

pan,  with  ita  oUiqne  Hebraic  nib,  that  plays  an  energetic  moibidity  on  the  nV 

wrote  it— not  any  one,  nor  all  of  those  ject  ofdestb,  together  with  a  cerlaia  pre- 

things  conld  be  snffieient  to  demonstrate  dilection  for  'terrort.'    The  imagiaatiott 

the  fket,  tbat  such  a  lady  had  really  adorn-  of  Mrs.  Norton  is  chiefly  oecn pied  with 

«d  the  present  century domestic  feelings  and  images,  and  breathes 

Confined  entirely  to  her  own  apartment,  melodions  plaints  or  indignations  over  (he 

•nd  almost  hermetically  sealed,  in  con-  desecrations  of  her  tei's  loveliness ;  that 

■eqnence  of  an  extremely  delicate  state  of  Miss  Barrett  often  wanders  amiiltt  th« 

of  keahb,  the  poetess  of  whom  we  write  tupernatnral  darkness  of  Calvary,  some- 

ii  scarcely  seen  by  any  but  her  own  fami-  times  with  augnish  and  tsars  <rf' Uood, 

ly.    But  thowrh  thus  separated  fhim  the  sometimes  like  one  who  echoes  the  songi 

world— and  often,  daring  many  weeks  at  of  triumphal   choirs.    Both  possess  not 

>  tine,  in  darkness  almoot  equal  to  that  of  only  great  mental  enei^es,  bat  that  de< 

Bight,  Miss  Barrett  has  yet  found  means,  scription  of  strength  which  sinin^  fran 

faf  extiaordiaary  inherent  energies,  to  de-  a  fine  nature,  and  manifests  itself  in  pn>> 

Telope  heriawsrd  nature;  togiveventto  duc(iDns  which  evidenUy  originated    in 

the  Bool  in  a  anocesafbl  straggle  with  its  genuine  impulses  of  feeling.    The  snb- 

dcatiny  while  on  earth;  and  to  attain  and  jecta  they  both  choose  appear  spontane- 

maiter  more  knowledge  and  accomplish-  ous,  and  not  resulting  from  study  or  imi- 

ments  than  are  usually  within  (he  power  tation,  though  cast  into  carefUl  moulds  of 

of  those  of  either  sex  who  possess  every  art.     Both  are  exeelleot  ardata;  (he  one 

adventitious  opportanity,  as  irell  as  health  in  dealing  with  subjects  of  domestic  inte- 

OBd  indaslry.    Six  or  seven  years  of  (hi*  rest ;  (he  other  in  designs  from  sxnd 

imprisonment  she  has  now  endured,  not  sobjects,  pnems  of  religions  tendency,  or 

wi^i  Tain  repinings,  though  deeply  eon-  of  the  sapematura]  world.    Mr*.  Norton 

seious  ri  (he  loss  of  eiternal  nature's  is  beau(ifally  dear  aad  intelligible  in  her 

beauty;  but  with  resigaalion,   with   p«-  narrmtive  and  course  of  thought  and  feel- 

tieoee,  with  cheerfolneas,  and  generous  iug;  Miss   Barrett  ha*  great  iaventive- 

■ympalhies  towards  the  world  wittaoat ; —  nesa,  but  not  an  eqoal  power  in  eowtme' 

with  indefatigable  '  work'  by  thought,  by  tion.     The  one  is  all   womanhood ;  (ha 

book,  by  the  pen,  and  with  deront  faith,  other  all  wings.    The  one  writes  from  the 

aad  adoration,  anl  a  bigh  and  hopeful  dictates  of  a  human  heart  in  all  the  elo- 

wailiog  for  the  time  when  this  nwital  quenee  of  beanty  and  individuality ;  the 

frame  ■  putteth  on  immortality.'      .    .     ,  other  like  an  inspired  priestess — notwith- 

Probably  no  living  iadividnal  has  a  more  out  a  most  truthful  heart,  bnt  a  heart  that 

extensive  and  diffuse  acquaintance  with  isdevotedto  religion, and  whoM  individth- 

literatare— that  of  the  present  day  inclu-  ality  is  cast  upward  in  the  divine  afflatus, 

aiirc— than  Miss  Barrett.     Althoughahe  anddissolved  andearrted  offiathe  recipi- 

ha*  read  Plato,  in  the  original,  IVom  be-  out  breath  of  angelic  uiolitrants." 
ginaiag  to  end,  sad  the  Hebrew  Biblo 

.)  giti: 


i^vCtOO^JC 


A  Drmm  of  EriU. 
A  DRAMA  OF  EXILE. 


[Jdy, 


KimE.—Tlu  •attr 
ftMt  leilk  cindt.  frtm  lilt  *rflitj 
tXt  award  of  fire  ttlf-mored.    Ji 


Mm  in  0,1  diHarut,  fyi*t  1*»r  l**  #<■" 


Luetfer,    Ibu1,Gabrid,  the  keeper  of 

the  gate  J 
Now  that  ^e  fruit  it  plucked,  prince  Oa- 

brjel, 
I  hoU  that  Edea  ii  impragBahle 
TTnder  thf  keeping. 

QiibTia.  Angel  of  the  Bin, 

Saeh  M  thOQ  (tandeit — pale  in  lh«  drear 

light 
Which   ronnds    the    Kbel'a    woA  with 

Maker's  wratb, — 
Thou  (halt  be  an  Idea  to  all  Moli  ,— 
A  monumental  melancholy  gloom 
Seen  down  all  agei;  whence  to  mark  de- 

(pair. 
And  meaiure  ont  the  dislaneet  from  good  1 
Go  Trom  os  ■traightwftj. 
Liu^tT.  Wherefore  J 

Grtftrut.  Lncifer, 

Thjr  laM  ttep  in  tbit  place,  trod  M>n«w  np. 
Iteeoil  before  that    sorrow,  if  not  thii 

ZMCifir.    Angels  are  in    the  world — 
wherefore  not  1 7 
Eliiles  are  ia  the  world — wherefore  not  I  ? 
The  ctmed  arc  in  the  world — wh^efore 

GafrnsJ.  Depart. 

iMei/tT.  And  Where's  the  logic 

of  "depart  7" 
Our  lady  Etc  bad  half  been  latl&fied 
To  ober  her  Maker,  if  I  bad  not  leaml 
To  fix  my  poitnlate  betler.    Dott  thoa 


To  the  length  ofth;  wiflE*. 

GaMtl.  I  do  not  dream. 

ThJaitBot  Heatea,eteaiaadn»m;  nor 
eanh. 


Aa  earth  wai  once, — first  hicalhed  «~Ttj 

the  slam,— 
Artieolate  glar;  from  the  month  dirlae, — 
To  which  the  myriad  sphere*  thrilled  •«- 

diUr, 
Toachrd  like  a  Inle-striag, — and  the  ku 

of  God 
Said  AKEN,  tinjjing  it,    I  know  that  this 
Is    earth,    not    new    created,    but   new 

This,  Eden's  gate,  not  opened,  but  built  op 
With  a  final    cloud    of  snnM.     Do    I 

Alas,  not  so  I  this  ii  the  Eden  kMt 

By  Locifet  the  serpent  I  this  the  swotd 

(,Thi*  (Word,  aliTe  with  justice  and  witb 

firel) 
That  smote  nptm  the  forehead,  Lncifer 
The  an«el !     Wherefore,  angel,  go  .  .  . 

Eooagh  is  sinned  and  iufferad. 

LmciftT.  By  no  mean*. 

Here's  a  brave  earth  to  sia  and  snffer  on  I 
It  holds  fast  still — it  cracks  not  unds 

It  hoM*,  like  mine  irnmortal.    Pretenllr 
We^  sow  it  thick  enotagh  with  gnres  u 

green 
Or  greener,  cntes,  Aan  it*  kncnrledge- 

We'll  haTe  the  cypres*  for  the  tree  of  life. 
More  emioeat  for  shadow — for  the  reff 
We'll  build  il  dark  with  towns  and  pjra- 

And  temples,    if   it  pleue  yon : — we^l 

bare  feasts 
And  faaerala  alao,  merrymake*  and  wan, 
TUl  bkrad  and  wine  shall  mix  and  mn 

Right  o'er  the  edgn.     And  good  Gabriel, 
(Ye  like  that  word  in  Heaven  \)  I  ton 

have  strength — 
Strength  to  behold  Him,  and  not  wortUp 

Himg 
Strength  to  fall  Irom  Him,  and  not  ay  oa 

Him; 
Strength  to  be  in  the  naiveiae,  and  yet 
Neither  God  nor  his  wrvant.    The  red  tifn 
Burnt  on  my  forehead,  which  yon  taoot 

me  witb. 
Is  God's  gign  that  it  bows  not  onto  God ; 
The  potter's  mark  npoo  hi*  woric,  lo  diow 
It  rings  well  to  the  striker.    1  and  the 

earth 
Can  bear  more  enrse. 
Gabritl.  0  miserable  eaith, 

0  rtiiaed  angel  1 

L»d/tT.  WeU  I  and  if  it  be, 

1  cHora  this  ruin  i  I  elected  it 

or  my  will,  not  of  serriee.    What  I  do, 
I  do  volitient,  not  obediont, 


)  giti: 


I  =y  Google 


1M4.I                                    A  Drama  of  Erik.  75- 

And  •TCttop  tkj  erowB  with  kj  deapair.  So  mnch  as  tfae  fini  shell  oT,— lowud  tbe 

Hr  tatrow  erowns  me.     Get  Uee  buk  to  IhroDe ; 

Hesves ;  Wheo  I  fell  b«ek,  down, — staring  np  U I 

And  Inve  me  to  tlte  ewtb,  which  ii  miae  fell, — 

own  The  l^htoiD^  holdliig  open  my  wtthed 

In  tirtne  of  her  miierr,  u  I  hen,  lidi, 

In  virtoe  of  my  mini  tnm  from  both,  And  that  thonght  oflbe  inSDits  of  God, 
Hut    bright,  impaMive,  puiive   ugel-  Drwwn  from  the  finite,  ipeediag  my  de- 
hood  ;  Kent ; 
Andipnre  to  read  na  backward  anymore  When    conntlett    angel-fhcM,  iliU    tad 
Of  your  spent  hallelnjahs.  ilem, 

Gobritl.                           Spirit  of  atom!  Pretied  out  tipon    me    from    the    IctcI 

I  might  say,  of  nnreoion  \  I  might  ray,  heaven*. 

That  who  drnpaira,  acts ;  that  who  acta,  Adown  the  abyimal  ipaeet  g  and  I  fell, 

connives  Trampled  down  by  yonr  stilincse,  and 

With  God>    relation!  set   in  time   and  itmek  blind 

space  i  By  the  light  in  yonr  eyea  g — 'twas  then  I 

That  wbo  elects,  assumes  a  somnhiog  knew 

good  How  ye  eould  pity,  my  Iciiid  angelhood  I 

VUch  Qod  made    possible;    that  who  OiiritL  Yet,  lb  on  discrowned  one,  by 

lives,  obeys  the  truth  in  me 

Tbelaw<rf'a  Life-maker  .  .  .  Which  God  keep*  in  me,  I  would  give 

Imeyitr.                                Let  it  pass  t  away 

No  more,  than  Gabriel  t    What  if  I  stand  All,— save  that  trath,  and  His  love  over 

np  it,— 

And  strike  my  hrow  against  the  eryslal-  To  lead  thee  home  again  inlo  the  light, 

line  AtHl  hear  thy  voice  chant  with  the  morn- 
Roofing  the  enalnrea, — sbaU  I  sa;  for  ing  stars  j 

that,  When  their  rays  tremble  round  them  with 

Hy  slataie  is  too  high  for  me  to  stand, —  mnch  song. 

Henceforward  I  must  sit  1    Sit  thoa.  8nng  in  more  gladness  t 

Oabrid.                                       I  kneel.  XMC^/ir.                       Sing,  my  morning 

Xa«t/n-.  A  beavenly  nnswer.    Get  thee  star  1 

to  thy  Heaven,  Last    beantifnl — last    heavenly — (hat   I 

And  leave  my  earth  to  me.  loved  t 

Oabritl.                            Through  Hea-  If  I  eoald  drench  thy  golden  locks  with 

ven  and  earth  tears, 

God's  will  moves  freely ;  and  I  fdlew  It,  What  were  it  to  this  angel  1 

As  color  followi light.    Heoverflows  GoMd.                            What  Love  is t 

The  flrmaraenla]  walls  with  deity.  And  now  I  have  named  Ood. 

Ther«fere  with  hive  i    His  lightnbgs  go  iMeiftr.                              Tet,  Gahriel, 

abroad.  By  the  lie  in  me  which  I  keep  myself, 

Thon'rt  •  Iklse  swearer.    Were  it  olher- 

tMciflr.      '                      ~      Yerily,  What  dost  thoa  here,  voacbsnfii^  tender 

I  and  my  demons — who  are    spirits  of  thoughts 

•com —  To  that  eartlMmgd   or   earth-demon — 

Ififht  hold  this  charge  of  standing  with  a  which, 

awotd  Then  and  I  have  not  solved  his  proUem 

Twiit  man  and  his  inheritance,  as  well  yet 

Aslhebenlgoest  angel  of  yon  all.  Enough    to    ai^c, — that    ihllen    Adam 

Gabrid.  Thon  speakesi  in  the  shadow  there,— 

of  thy  change.  That  Ted-day  and  a  breath  T  who  most, 

Kthon  hadst  gazed  upon  the  face  of  God  fotaoolb, 

This  morning,  lor  a  moment,  thon  badst  Live  in  a  new  apoenlypse  of  sense, 

known  With  beaaty  and  music  waving  in  his  trees 

That  only  pity  fitly  can  ebaslise.  And  running  lo  faisvivera,  to  make  glad 

While  hate  avengelh.  His  soal  made  perfect  g  if  it  were  not  for 

iMoftr^                   As  it  is,  I  know  The  hope  within  thee,  deeper  than  thy 

Something  of  pity.    When  I  reeled  in  tralh, 

Heaven,  Of  finally  conducting  him  and  his 

And  my  sword  grew  too  heavy  for  my  To  fill  the  vacant  thrones  ofme  and  mine, 

wrist,  Which  aOhmt  Heaven  with  their  vaenily  T 

Stabbing  through  matter,  which  it  could  Oabritl.    Angel,  there  are  no  vacant 

jMt  pierce  thrones  in  Heaven 


iyGoOgilc 


76 


A  Drama  of  EtAe. 


v-ij, 


!     '■ 


To  snit  tb;  bitter  wotdi.  Otorj  and  lif« 
Fnlfil  their  own  dGpleliont :  and  if  God 
aigbed  f  on  far  from  Him,  Hii  next  breath 

A  compeatalire  (plendor  ap  the  >kie«, 
Ftnihing  the  starry  arteries  I 

Laci/er.  With  «  chanire ! 

So,  let  Ibe  Tscant  tbroaes,  and  gai^ena  loo. 
Fit!  as  may  please  jon  I — and  be  pitifal. 
Am  je  tnoBlate  that  word,  to  the  dethron'd 
And  exiled,  inan  er  aogel.      The  fact 

That  I,  the  rebel,  the  caM  out  aad  down, 
Am  bere,  and  will  not  go;  while  there. 

The  light  to  which  re  flash  the  desert  oat, 
FUet  joor  adopted  Adam  I  joar  red  elaj 
In  lira  kinds,  both  being  flawed.     Wbr> 

what  is  this  f 
Whose  work  it  this  J    WboK  haitd  was 

in  the  work  T 
Agaiiut  whose  hand  7    la  this  last  slrtfe, 

melhinks, 
J  am  not  a  fallen  angel '. 

Oabritl.  Dost  than  know 

Anght  of  thoaa  eiilea  T 

Luci/tT.       Ar  1  I  know  they  have  fled 
Wordless  all  day  along  the  wilderness : 
I  know  they  weaj,  for  buiden  on  their 

The  thonghl  of  a  shnt  gate  of  Paradise, 
And  faces  of  the  marshalled  chembim 
Shining  against,   not  for  them  I    and  I 

know 
Ther  dare  not  look  in  one  aBather**  face. 
As  if  eaeh  were  a  cherub  I 

OabrM.  Dost  thou  know 

Aoght  of  their  fnlnre  1 

Latiftr.  Only  as  mach  as  this : 

That  CTJ]  will  increase  and  mnlliply 
WitboBt  a  benediction. 

Onbritl.  Nothing  more  I 

iMciftT.     Why  so   the  angeU  tannt  I 
What  should  be  more  T 

Oairisl.    God  is  more. 

laciftT.  Proving  what  f 

Oabria.  That  He  is  God, 

And  capable  of  saving.    Lncirer, 
I«h*rge  thee  by  the  lolitade  He  kept 
Ere  he  created, — leave  the  earth  to  God  I 

Lac^tr.    My  foot  is  on  the  earth,  firm 

Gabritl.    I  charge  thee  by  tbe  memory 
of  Hearen 
Ere  any  sin  was  done, — leave  earth  to 
GodI 
iMcifrr.    My  sin  is  on  the  earth,  to 

reign  thereon. 
Gabritl.    I  charge  thee  by  Ihe  choral 
song  we  tang. 
When  DP  against  the  white  shore  of  onr 

feet, 
The  depths  of  the  creation  swelled  and 

And  the  new  worlds,  the  beaded  foam  and 


Of  all  tbal  coil,  roared  outward  into  space 

On  thnnder.edges,  leave  the  earth  to  God. 

iMctftr.    My  wo  is  on  the  earth,    to 

cnrse  thereby. 
GahUl.    I  charge  thee  by  that  mourn- 
ful morning  star 
Which  iremblelb.... 
Laeiftr.    Hush  1  1  wiD  not  hear  thee 

Of snch things.    Enonghtpoken.    Aa  the 

lo  norland  forest,  drops  its  weight  ofsoows 
By  a  night's  growth,  so,  growing  toward 

my  end*, 
I  drop  thy  coanscl!.    Farewell,  Gabriel ! 
Wateh  ont  thy  service ;  I  assert  my  wiU- 
And  perad venture  in  the  after  yeara. 
When  thonghifnl  men   bend   slow  their 

spacious  brows 
Upon  the  storm  and  strife  seen  everywhere 
To  mfflc  tbeirunooth  manhood,  and  break 

np 
WthluridlighlsofintennitleDt  hope 
Their  bumas  fear  and  wrong, — they  may 

The  heart  of  ■  lost  angel  in  the  earth. 

csoBDS  or  KEuN  ariBiTS. 

(CkatiMtfrrK  Ftradui.  uJule  ^iim  md  Eh  A 
Hariren,  oh  barken  t  let  yonr  sonli,  behind 


Our  Toie 
TOO, 

O  lost,  beloved  1 
Through  the  thick-ahidded  and  ttrong- 
marshalled  aageU, 

They  press  and  pierce : 
Onr  requiems  fallow  fast  on  our  evaigrit; 

Voice  throbs  in  verve  I 
We  are  bnt  orphaned  Spirits  left  in  Edtai, 

God  gave  as  golden  cops,'  and  we  were 

To  feed  yon  so  1 
But  now  ODT  right  hand    hath  no  cap 
remaining. 

No  work  to  do ; 
The  mystic  hydromel  ii  spUt,  and  staining 

The  whole  earth  through ; 
And  all  Ihnse  stains  lie  clearly  round  for 
•bowing 

(Not  interfused !) 
That  brighter  colon  were  the  world's  fore- 
going. 

Than  shall  be  used. 
Harken,  oh    horken !   ye  shall  harkcn 

For  years  and  years. 
The  noise  beside  you,  dripping  coldly. 

Of  ipirits' leant 
Tbe  yearning  to  a  beaulifnl  denied  yn, 
Aall  strain  yonr  pt 


Ajoogle 


IM«.] 


A  Drmnu  of  Enle, 


Ideil  ■WMtBcnd  ihall  orer-glidB  jod, 

ReBnmed  from  oun  ! 
In  all  jmr  music  "'^^  pathetic  dudoi 

your  Mrs  ihall  ctoh  ; 
And  all  fair  lighu  ibBll  mind  joq  of 

WithiCDieoriowl 
We  bIikU  be  near,  ia  all  laai  poeMai^iiw* 

And  will!  eitremrs ; 
What  time  ye  tu  tb«  detert  with  rain 
•Bgen, 

Or  light  iritli  dreamt  r 
Aad  whea  apon  ran,  weary  aftv  rcNUuag, 

Death'*  teal  it  pot, 
Br  the  Rtregaiie  ie  ihill  diteem  the 

Through  eretidt  ihut. 

Hark  I  the  Eden  treet  are  sllrring, 
Sloir  aod  Mlemn  lo  jour  hearing  t 
Plane  and  cedar,  palm  and  dr, 
Tamariak  and  janiper, 
Each  ia  throbbing  in  vibration 
Siace  that  ciownin;  of  creation. 
When  the  God-breath  tpake  abroad. 
Pealing  down  the  depths  of  Godhead, 


»lilulo  God. 


And  the  pine  ilood  quivering 
In  the  Eden-gorget  wooded. 
As  the  awftal  word  nent  by  ; 
Like  a  vibrant  cborded  ilriag 
Stretched  fVom  monnlaia-peak  to  tb; .' 
And  the  cypra9  did  expand, 
Bloir  and  gradnal,  branth  and  head; 
And  the  cedar's  stroeg  black  ihade 
Flntlered  brobenlr  and  grand  < — 
Grove  and  forest  bowed  aslant 
In  emotion  jabitani. 
Vak*  t^tht  «nM,  M  iqfUr, 
Which  divine  impattion  cleaves 
In  din  uovefflenlt  to  the  leaves 
Dmpt  and  lihed,  dropt  and  lilted 
In  the  innlight  greenlr  siRed, — 
In  the.aonlight  and  this  moonlight 
Greenly  tilled  Ihrongh  the  treet. 
Ever  wave  the  Eden  trees 
In  the  nighllight,  and  the  noonlight, 
With  a  loffling  of  green  branches 
Shaded  off  to  reHmances ; 
Never  stirred  by  rain  n  breeze  I 

Fare  ye  well,  fartwell  I 
The  lylvan  sounds,  no  longer  andible, 
Expire  at  Eden't  door  I 
Each  footstep  of  yonr  treading 
I^eadionttomeBiinnarwhich  ye  heard 


Kvir-SpiriU. 
Hark  1  the  flow  of  the  four  rivcfs — 

Bark  the  ftow  I 
Kow  the  silence  round  yon  ibivers, 
While  oBr  voicet  tbroogh  it  go, 

Cold  and  dear. 


J  ttlfler  vo(ct. 
Think  a  little,  while  ye  hear,— 

0f the  banks 
Where  the  green  palms  and  red  iea 
Crowd  in  intermingled  ranks, 
At  if  alt  would  drink  at  once. 
Where  the  living  water  mnt ! 
Of  the  fishes' golden  edges 
Flashing  in  and  out  the  sedges  : 
Of  the  swans  on  silver  thrones, 
Floating  down  the  winding  slreams. 
With  impassive  eyes  tamed  shorevraidj 
And  a  chant  of  anderlonet, — 
And  the  lotos  leaning  forward 
To  help  them  into  dreamt. 

Fare  ye  wdl,  farewell  I 
The  river-sonnds,  no  longer  andible. 

Expire  at  Eden's  doort 

Each  foolttep  of  yonr  treading 

ir  which  ye  heari 


Treadi  oat  tome  m 


Farewell  t  the  tireams  of  Eden, 
Ye  shall  hear  nevermore. 

Bird-SpirU. 

I  am  the  nearett  nightingale 

That  singeth  in  Eden  after  yon ; 

And  I  an  singing  load  and  tnie, 


Andr 


fail! 


sit  opon  a  cyprcss-bongh, 
Close  to  the  gate ;  and  1  Omg  my  img 
Over  the  gate  and  t  tiro  ugh  the  mail 
Of  the  wardcnangcls  marsbBlted  stroi^,^ 

Over  the  gate  and  after  you  I 
And  the  warden  angels  let  il  past, 
Beeanse  the  poor  brown  bird,  alas '. 

Sings  in  Ibe  garden,  sweet  and  trne. 
And  1  baild  my  song  of  high  pure  notes. 

Note  over  note,  height  over  height. 

Till  I  strike  tbe  arch  of  the  Infinite ; 
And  I  bridge  abysmal  igonies 
With  strong,  clear  cnlms  of  harmonies, — 
And   something   abides,   and    something 

In  the  song  which  T  sing  after  yon : 
Fare  ye  well,  farewell  1 

The  creatare-soonds,  no  longer  andible. 
Expire  at  Eden's  do«»'  I 
Each  footstap  of  yonr  treading 

Treads  onl  some  cadence  which  ys  heard 

Farewell  I  the  birds  of  Eden, 
Ye  sball  bear  nevermore. 
FlmMr-SpiTiit, 
We  linger,  we  linger, 

Thelastoftbe  tbrongt 
Like  the  tones  of  a  singer 

Who  loves  his  own  song. 
We  are  spiril-aronias 

Of  blossom  and  blocon ; 
We  call  your  ihonghls  home,  as 

Ye  breathe  our  pernune ; 
To  the  amarcnth't  splendor 

Afire  on  the  slopes; 
To  the  lily-bells  tender. 

And  gK7  hdiotKipet  I 


iyGoOg    I 


A  Dnna  «/  £■>'•' 


[Jrfy, 


Such  dmm-breath  and  bll!. 
That  the  aogelt  there  *leppiB( 

Grev  whiter  to  lee  I 
To  the  nook,  lel  with  aw);. 

Ye  jetted  one  day  in. 
Till  jonr  smile  waied  too  holy. 

And  left  yonr  lips  praying  '. 
To  the  ro«e  in  the  bower-place, 

That  dripped  o'er  you  sleeping; 
To  the  asphodel  flower  place, 

Ye  walked  ankle  deep  in  ! 
Wejilnck  at  joor  raiment. 

We  stroke  down  yoor  hair, — 
We  faint  in  oar  lament. 
And  pine  into  air. 

Fare  ye  well,  farewell ! 
The  Eden  seenti,  do  loader  sensible, 
Expire  at  Eden'i  door  I 
Each  foottlep  of  your  treadioR, 
7readt   out    some   fragrance  which  ye 
knew  before : 
Farewell !  -tbe  Sowen  of  Eden, 
Ye  (kail  smell  nevennore. 

nd -En  Jlf  n,  ad 


ClMped  bi^  U  a  tSms  patU  above  Oeir 

heads,— 
We  «Bly  i^en  fhaa  hence,  and  ant  dj»- 

£m.  Thoagh  we  woe  near  eooai^  t» 
see  them  shine. 
The  ihodow  on  thy  facr  were  awMler, 
To  me,  at  least,— thaa  coaU  ^peu  tMr 
light. 
Adam.  What  ii  this.  Eve  T  thoD  dn^- 


LU  Siiitr*tltrt. 


•mr  fuiln,  "  CMt  *im 


SCEHE.— TjU  Rtmijcy  •/■  lit  Smrri'gltTt. 
Jdam.  Paosing  a  momenl  on  this  outer 
edge. 

Where  the  supernal  sword-glare  catt  in 
l^ht 

The   dark   exterior   desert, — faa«t    thou 
stieugth, 

BeloTcd,  to  look  behind  us  to  the  gate  ? 
£m.  I  hare  strength  to  look  upward 

to  thy  face. 
Jdam.  We  need  be  strong  -.  yoa  specta- 
cle of  cloud 

Wbicb  seals  the  gate  ap  to  the  finni  doom, 

IsGod'ssealiaacIoud.   There  seem  to  Ue 

A  hundred  Ibunders  in  it,  dark  and  dead  ; 

The  anmollen  lightniDgs  vein  it  motion- 
less i 

And,  outward  from  its  depth,  the  self- 
moved  sword 

Swings  slow  its  awful  guomon  of  red  fire 

From  aide  to  side, — in  pendnlooa  horror 
slow,— 

AeroM  the  stagoanl,  gbaslly  glare  thrown 
flit 

On  the  intermediate  ground  (Tom  that  to 
this, 
.   In  BtLQ  reflection  of  still  splendor.    They, 

The  angelic  ho»ts,  the  orcbangelic  pomps. 

Thrones,  dominations,  priacedoma,  rank 

Rising  lublimely  to  the  feet  of  God, 
On  either  side,  >utd  overhead  the  gale, — 
Show  like  a  glittering  and  sustained  smoke 
Set  in  an  apex.    That  their  faces  shiae 
Betwixt  the  solemn  claspings  of  their 
wiogs,      , 


.-         "ily 
Id  a  heap  corlhwaid  i  nod  thy  body  heave* 
Under  the  golden  floodingsof  tbjr  hairl 
Evt.  O  Adam,  Adam  I  by  that  name  of 
Eve— 
Thine  Eve,  thy  life— which  ■niUotelittlc 


O  Love,  be  jolt  T  and,  ere  we  pass  beyond 
The  light  east  outward  by  the  fiery  sword. 
Into  the  dark  which  earth  must  be  to  us. 
Bruise  my  head  with  thy  foot, — u  the 

Hy  seed  shall  the  first  tempter's :  strike 

with  curse, 
As  God  stmck,  in  the  garden  >  and  as  H^ 
Being  satisfied   with   Justice  aad    with 

Did  roll  His  thunder  gentler  at  the  dose, — 
Thou,  peradvenlure,  may'sl  at  lost  recoO 
To  some  soft  need  of  mercy.     Strike,  Bij 

lord  I 


As  Euils  me,  O  my  tempted. 

.idom.  Hy  bdoved, 

Mioe  Etc  and  life — I  have  do  other  oaiDe 
For  thee  or  for  the  sun  than  what  ye  are. 
My  blMsed  life  and  light  t    If  we  have 

fallen. 
It  is  that  we  have  sinned^^we:  God  ia 


ADd,B 


«  Hi*  cnrae  doth  eomprebend  ns 


It  must  be  that  Uts  balance  hoUa  the 

Of  first  and  last  sis  on  a  level.    What  t 
Shall  I   who    had    not  viitne  lo  staikd 

stiaigbt 
Among  the  hills  of  Eden,  heie  asanmc 
To  mend  the  justice  of  the  perfect  God, 
By  piling  np  a  curse  apoD  Hit  eone. 
Against  Ihee — thee — 

Ett.  For  so,  percbaaee,  thy  God 

Might  lake  thee  into  grace  for  scoraiog 

Thy  wrath  against  the  sinner  giving  protrf' 
Of  inward  abrogation  of  the  sin  T 
And  N,  the  blessed  aageli  night 


oogic 


1844.]                                    A  Drama  e/  ExiU.  TV 

And  nik  with  the*  m  ent,— I  Ibtak  tbey  And  vith  ujr  lipa  spon  her  lip*,— ihs^ 

WOOld,—  IhO!,— 

_BecaQKliruiiotD«artamiIce  theniMd,  Do  quicken  aad    Eablinate  my  motl^ 

Or  soil  Ibe  rostling  of  Iheir  iDDocenee.  bmlb. 

Mam.  The)'  know  me.    1  am  deepest  Which  eaanol  climb  agBiut  tbe  fnire'$ 

in  Ibe  gain,  ilecp  tideg, 

ITIut  in  thetnmwreMion.  But  oTerlopt  tbif  grief  t   , 

Eve.                   Thou  I  Bv.                        I  am  rmewed : 

Mam.                              IT  Gad,  H;  tye*  growitfa  the  light  which  ii  b 

Who  gare  Ihe  light  and  joTBBDce  of  Ihe  thine ; 

worM  The  tilence  of  mj  heart  Is  full  of  soand. 

BMh  unto  thee  and  me, — gave  thee  to  me.  Hold  me  vp — lo  I    Because  I  comprehesd 

The  best  gift  last;  the  hat  sin  wa«  the  Tfait  human  bTe,  I  shall  not  be  afraid 

wont,  or  anj  hnman  death  j  and  jet  beeavw 

Which  linned  ngaioit  more  complement  I  know  tbit  strength  of  Iotc,  I  aeon  t« 

of  gifts  know 

Andgraeaofginng.    OodT  I  render  back  Death's  strength,  b;  that  same  sign.  Kin 

ftroag  benedielioD  and  peipelnal  praise  on  mj  lips, 

Frommortalfteblelipi(a«incenfe-smokc,  To  shut   the   door  close  on   aj  rising 

Oat  of  a  little  censer,  hm;  fill  henten),  soul, — 

Thkl  Thon,   la  stiikiag  m;   bennmbed  Lest  it  pass  ontvards  in  aitouiihment, 

hands,  And  leave  thee  lonely. 

And  forciBg  them  to  drop  all  other  boons  Jdam.                   Yet  tfaoQ  liest,  Ere, 

Of  beantj,  and  dominion,  and  delight, —  Bent  heavily  on  thyself  across  mine  aim. 

Hast  left  this  wall-belo*ed  Ere— this  life  Thy  face  Sat  to  the  iky. 

Within  life— this  beat  gift  between  their  Ett,                   Ay  !  and  the  tears 

palms,  RuDniag,  as  it  might  seem,  my  life  fna 

In  graeiont  compensation  1  me  t                                           * 

Eet.                        It  it  thy  voice  T  lliey  ran  so  Ilut  and  wann.    Let  me  fia 

Or  some  saloling  aogel'S'-calling  home  so. 

My  feet  into  the  garden  ?  Aqd  weep  so, — as   if  in   a   dream   or 

Adam.                       0  my  God  I  prayer, — 

I,  Btandiag  hote  between  the  ^ry  and  UnEutening,  ctasp  by  claap,  the  hard, 

dark,—  

The  glory  of  thy  armth  projected  forth 

From  Eden's  wait;  Ihedark  of  onr  dis-  

tress,  Loathed  of  thy  jnstiee  as  I  loathe  the 

Which  setUes  a  step  off  in  that  drear  snake, 

world —  And  as  Ihs  pure  ones  loathe  onr  sin.  To- 

lift  np  to  Thee  ttte  hands  from  whence  day, 

hath  fallen  AU  day,  beloved,  as  we  fled  across 

Only  crealioa's  sceptre,— thanking  Thee  This  deaotaling  radiance,  east  by  swords 

That  rather  Thon  hast  cast  me  out  with  Not  snns, — my  lips  prayed  loundlesa  to 

her,  myself, 

Than  left  me  loro  ofher  in  Paradise; —  Rocking  against  each  other — O  Lord  God! 

With  angel  looks  and  angel  soi^aarODnd,  (Twu  so  1  piayedj  I  ask  Thee  by  my 

To  show  the  absence  of  her  eyes  and  sin, 

voice.  And  by  thy  corse,  and  by  tbf  blameless 

And  make  society  full  deseitness,  beavens, 

Wilhonl  thenses  of  her  comforting.  Make  dreadful  baite  to  hide  me  from  thy 

Ev.  Or  is  it  bat  a  dream  of  thee,  that  face, 

speaks  And  from  the  face  of  my  beloved  here. 

Mine  own  love's  loogue  ?  For  whom  I  am  no  helpmate,  quick  away 

Adam.        Becanse  with  htr,  I  stand  Into  the  new  dark  mystery  of  death  T 

Upright,  as  far  as  can  be  in  this  fall,  I  willlie  still  there;  IwillmakenopkiDt; 

And  look  sway  from  haaveo,  which  doth  I  will  not  sigh,  nor  sob,  nor  speak  » 

accuse  me,  word,— 

And  look  up  from  Ihe  earth  which  dolh  Notstiuggte  to  come  bs«k  beneath  the 

convict  me,  son. 

Into  her  face  j  and  crown  my  discrowned  Whei«  peradvenlnre  1  might  sin  anew 

brow  Against  thy  mercy    and    hi*   feasor*. 

Out  of  her  love ;  and  put  the  thought  of  Death, 

her  Oh  death,  whate'er  it  be,  is  goad  etiOBgh 

Aronnd  mc,  fbr  an  Eden  full  of  birds ;  For  saeh  as  I.— For  ^lan— (here's  M 

Andliflherbodjnp— thw— tomyheart'f  voifCi 

.)  giti: 


I  =y  Google 


A  Drrna  of  Exilt. 


Stain  erer  mj  •eaio,  in  heaTcn  or  earth, 

Jt  it  not  good /or  him  tobi  alomt. 
Jdam.  And  waiiLgood  for  lach  a  prayer 

My  nulcind  Eve,  belwUt  oor  mutoal  Utci  T 
IT  I  am  exiled,  muit  I  be  bereaved  ? 
Eve.  Twu  an  iU  prayer:  it  ihaU  be 

And  God  did  uie  it  far  a  fooliahneis, 
Giriag  no  answer.    Now  my  heart  bu 

Too  liigta  and  slrODg  for  Bucb  a  Cof^i^ 

prayer: 
Loire  makes  it  ttning :  and  lince  I  wu 

the  first 
In  the  Imugression,  wilh  a  steady  fool 
I  will  be  the  first  to  tread  riotDlhii  (word- 

glare 
Into  the  outer  darkneu  of  the  wailc, — 
And  ttana  I  do  it. 

.ddani.  Tbu«  I  follow  thee. 

As  erewbile  in  the  lin. — What  BOnndi  I 

what  tonndi  I 
I  feel  a  masic  which  comes  slant  from 

As  lender  as  a  watering  dew. 

Evt.  I  (hink 

TbA  angelB — not  those  guarding  Faia- 

Bnt  the  tote-angels  who  came  erri  to  tis, 
And  when  we  said  '  God,*  fainted  una- 

Back  from  our  mortal  presence  nnto  God 
(As  if  He  drew  them  inward  in  a  breatb) 
His  name  being  heard  of  Ihem, — I  think 

that  they 
With  sliding  voices  lean  from  heaveDly 

InTisible,  but  gradous.  Hark — how  soil ! 

CHOBOH  or  INTIBIBLI  iMOVLe. 


Mortal  man  aod  woman, 

Qo  opoD  your  travel  I 
Heaven  assist  the  Human 

Smoothly  tonnravel 
All  that  web  of  pain 

Wherein  ye  are  holden. 
Do  ye  know  onr  voices 

Chanting  down  the  Golden  1 
D«  ye  guesB  onr  choice  is, 

Being  anbeholden. 
To  be  harkteed  by  yon,  yet  afain  7 

This  pure  door  of  opal, 

God  bath  shut  between  ns ; 
Us,  his  shining  people, — 

TToD,  who  once  hare  seen  ns, 
And  are  Uinded  new '. 

Yet,  across  the  doormj, 
Pait  the  silenee  reaching, 

Farewells  evermore  may, 
Neaaing  in  the  teaching, 

Glide  from  01  to  yoD. 


Think  how  enl  your  Edeo, 
Day  on  day  sneccnIiDg, 
With  our  presence  glowed. 

Fe  came  as  if  the  Heavens  were  bowed 
Ton  milder  music  rare  I 

'e  saw  ns  in  oar  solemn  treading, 

Treadingdown  the  steps  of  ckiad; 
White  our  wings,  oatipreading 
Double  calms  of  whiteness. 
Dropped  superdoons  brighUciK 
Down  fntn  stair  to  stair> 

Or,  abmpt  thongb  lender, 

While  ye  gaied  on  space, 
We  fiaahed  onr  angel-sideBilM 
In  either  human  face  I 
With  mystic  lilies  in  onr  hands, 
From  the  almosphcric  bands, 
Breaking,  with  a  sudden  grace. 
We  took  yoa  unaware  I 
While  onr  feet  struck  ^oriea 
Ootward,  smooth  and  fair. 
Which  we  stood  on  floorwise, 
PlaUormed  in  njd  air. 

Oft,  when  Heaven-descended, 

E^nt  up  in  a  secret  light 

Stood  we  speechless  in  yosr  sighl, 
In  a  mute  apocalypse  I 
With  dumb  vibrations  on  our  lipa. 

From  boMmaaa  ended ; 

And  grand  baJf-vantshings 

Of  the  foregone  things. 

Within  DOT  eyes,  belated ! 
TtU  the  heavenly  Infinite 
Falling  off  from  oar  Created, 
I-eA  our  inward  eonlemplatktn 
Opening  into  ministration. 

Then  in  odes  of  burning, 

Brake  we  suddenly. 
And  sang  out  the  morning 

Nobly  up  the  sky. — 

Or  we  drew 

Onr  music  through 
The  noontide's  hush  and  beat  and  shine. 
And  taught  tbem  our  intense  Divine — 
With  our  vital  fiery  notes 
All  di^Mrted  hilber,  thither. 
Trembling  out  into  the  lether,— 
Visible  like  beamy  moles  r — 

Or,  as  IwUight  driAed 

Tbningh  the  cedar  masses. 

The  massive  sno  we  lifted, 
Trailing  purple,  Imiling  gold 

Out  between  the  passes 
Of  the  mouDtains  manifold. 

To  anthems  slowly  sang  I 
While  he,  aweary  and  in  swoon, 
For  joy  to  hear  oar  climbing  tone' 
Tierce  the    faint    stars'    concentric 


Google 


1S44.]                                          A  Drama  of  Emit.                                              U 

{Ctaal^tH  «njr  mfaidly,  ni  nUr  I.neirrl.]  WHo  Stunt  "><«.  "OttO  BOarlj !      M*Uk 

jMt{ftT.  rfDirmaraJIfruitsbepteBaant  fTrc,                        Hold  th^  wralb, 

to  Uif  lipi.  Beloved  Adun  1  let  me  antwer  bioi ; 

Beautiral  Ere  r    The  timn  have  (ome>  For  ihu  time  he  spealci  truth,  which  «a 

vtwt  changed  ibould  hew, 

fiinee  Ihon  and  I  b«d  talk  beneath  a  tree  t  And  aska  for  mercf,  which  I  most  tbould 

Albeit  ye  arc  not  gods  fet.  grant. 

En.                           Adam !  bold  In  Hke  wiM,  at  he  tells  as — In  like  irUel 

Mj  right  hand  ilronglf .    It  h  ZiaGifer —  And  therefore  1  thee  panloa,  Lacifer, 

And  we  hare  love  to  lose.  Aa  Treetr  as  the  streams  of  Eden  Bowed, 

Mirm.                    1' the  name  of  God,  When  we  were  happy  b;  them.    Si>,d^ 

Go  apail  tima  as,  O  thou  Luoifer  1  ptft ; 

And  leave  aslDihedesert  Ihon  hast  made  Leave  iu  to  walk  the  remnant  of  our  liow 

Oat  tit  iUj  treason.    Bring  no  Ktfeutr  Out  mttdlj  in  the  desert.     L'u  not  sedc 

(Ikne  To  harm  ns  my  more  or  scoff  al  as. 

Athwart  this  path  kept  holy  to  oar  tear^  Or  ere  the  dost  be  laid  upoa  our  fuce 

Orwe  may  cunelhee  with  their  bittemesa.  To  £nd^it  the  communion  of  the  dust 

LucyiT.     Cuiae  freely !  curses  thicken.  And  issue  of  the  curae. — Go, 

Why,  this  Eve  Adam.                       At  once,  go. 

Who  tboaght  me  once  part  worthy  of  her  L%tiftr.    Forgive  I  and  go !  Ye  Image* 

ear,                       -                ■    '  of  clar, 

And   somewhat    wiser   than    the    other  Shrank  sonewhat  in  tbe  moB)d,~-what 

b;asts,—  jest  is  this? 

Drawing  together  her  targe  globe*  of  eyes.  What  words  are  these  to  use  T  By  what* 

Tbe  light  of  which  n  throbbiDg  in  and  ont  thought 

ArOD^  Uieir  continuity  of  gaze, —  Conceive  ye  of  meT   Yesterday — asaakeli 

Knots  her  fair  eyebrows  in  so  hard  a  knot,  To-day— what  7 

Jlnd,  down  froia  her  white  heights  of  wo-  .Jdom.                 A  strong  spirit. 

EMohood,  £m.                                 a  sad  spirit 

IrfWki  on  me  so  amazed,— I  seam  should  Adam.    Perhaps  a  bllen  angel.— Who 

fear  ^all  say  t 

To  wager  such  an  apple  ai  she  placlred,  Imc^t.    Who  toU  tbee,  Adam  ? 

Against  one  riper  from  the  tree  of  life,  Adam,                 TTum  t  The  prodigy 

Tbalsheeonldcnrsetoo-asawotnannuiy—  Of  thy  vast  brows  and  melaaeholy  eyes, 

amaolh  in  the  vowris.  Which  comprehend  the  heights  of  some 

Boi.                       So— speak  wickedlyt  great  Tall. 

IlikcitbeMto.  Lelthy  words bewonnds—  I  think  that  Ihou  hast  one  day  worn  K 

For,  M,  1  shall  not  fear  thy  power  to  hart :  crown 

Trench  on  the  forms  of  gciod  by  open  ill —  Under  the  eyes  of  God. 

FU:,«o,  I  (hall  wax  strong  and  grand  with  t^c^er.                     And  why  of  God  t 

scorn ;  Adam.    It  were  xi»  crown  else  I  YerUy, 

Bcorafng  myself  for  ever  trtiMiag  thee  I  think 

A*  ftr  at  thinking,  ere  a  snake  ate  dnst,  Thou'rt  fallen  far.    [  had  not  yesterday 

He  cootd  apeak  wisdom.  Said  it  so  surely;  bnt  I  know  lo-dajr 

iMciftr.            Our  new  ^ods,  methiniA,  Grief  by  grid,  sin  by  sin. 

Deal  more  in  thunders  than  in  conrtesieB  t  Lw/tr.                A  crovm,  by  a  crown. 

And,  sooth,  mine  own  Olympus,  which  Adam.    Ay,  mock  me  I    now  I  know 

anon  more  Uian  1  boew. 

J  AaU  bnild  np  to  land-voiced  imagerf,  Now  I  know  thon  an  fallen  below  h^e 

From  alt  the  wandering   visiona   of  the  Offinsl  re-ascent. 

work}, —  Litcytr.                         Because  T 

May  show  wane  railing  than  our  lady  Eve  Adam.                                    Because 

Ponn  o'er  the  taunding  of  her  argent  arm.  A  spirit  who  expected  to  see  God, 

Bat  why  should  this  her  Adam  pardooad  Though  at  the  last  point  of  a  millia« 

Eve.  years, 

Adam.     Adam  loved    Eve.     Jehovah  Could  dare  no  mockery  of  a  ruined  man 

pardoned  both  1  Such  as  this  Adam. 
Ett'    Adam  forgave  Eve— because  lov.  Luctftr.             Who  is  high  and  hold- 
ing Ere.  Be  it  said  passing  I — of  a  good  red  clay 
lmcif*r.     So,  wetL     Yet  Adam  waa  Diacovered  on  some  top  (rf*  Lebanon, 

nndoae  of  Eve,  Or  haply  of  Aornus,  beyond  sweep 

As  both  were  by  the  snake.    Thetefbte  Of  the  black  eagle's  wing  I    A  furlong 

foTE^ve,  lower 

la  like  wise,  fellow-temptress,  the  poor  Had  made  a  meeker  king  for  Eden.  iSohl 

anak^~                            ,  b  it  imI  poeiiUe,  by  nn  and  grief 


TOL.XV. — «o.  LXZIII.  6 

.)  giti: 


I  =y  Google 


ti)                                           A  Drama  of  Exil*.  [Jnlji 

(To  live  tbe  UiItiKe  jMr  Dunet)  ttitl  Vhicli  I  call  beMHj  T  »  it  thoogtt  or 

ipirils  EbmM  [iic  Uiiiig  7 

jBite«d  oT  falling  r  It  it  •  tkoaclit  accepted  Tor  a  thing  T 

Jdam.                  Host  impotuble.  Or  Iwtta  1    oi   Bchber  T— a    picten — K 

The  HighHt  being  the  Ho);  and  tbe  Glad,  vord  I 

Whoerer  ritetfa  mntt  approach  delight  Tti  meaning  flatters  in  me  Ulfe  a  flame 

And  sanelilr  in  the  act.  Uader  m;  own  bmth :  m;  peneptiona 

laciftr.                   Ha,  my  claj-klng  •  reel 

Than  wflt  not  rnle  hy  wisdooi  very  long;  For  titnaan  aninnd  it,  and  Tatl  dT, 

The  after  genemtions.    Earth,  methinJ^  At  if  it  too  were  holy. 

Will  ditinherit  thy  phitoaophy  Bv€.                       Which  it  it. 

For  a  new  docbine  suited  to  thine  heir«g  ^dam.  The  esMDCC  oTall  beamy  I  «□ 

Clatringtheie  prMent  dogmaswiththe  rcit  lore, 

or  tbe  oM-world  traditiona — Edea  frnila  The  attribate,  tbe  cTideoce,  and  end. 

And  lanriaQ  ronila.  The  coninmmation  to  the  inward  ttmtt^ 

Eve,                 Bpeak  no  laore  with  bim,  Of  benntr  apprehended  from  withoat, 

BeWed  1  it  i(  not  good  to  tpeak  with  him.  I  still  call  love.    As  form,  when  eolorlesa, 

Oofrom  Ds,  Lnclfer,  and  tpeaknomorei  Ii  Kilbiag  to  the  eye  i  tbat  pine  tree  there, 

Ve  bare  no  pardon  vUch  thoo  do«  not  Withont  its  btiek  and  green,  beiof  nil   « 

tconi,  UkDkj 

IToT  any  faliu,  thon  leert,  for  coietlng,  Bo,  wtthont  love^  it  beanty  uadncemed 

VorinnocenceforitalniDg.    Being  bmft,  In  maa  or  angel.    Angel  I  rather  ask 

We  woald  be  atone. — Go.  Whal  hn e  is  in  thee,  what  Iotc  more*  to 

Xmc^c.              Ah  ■  ye  lallc  tbe  nme,  thee, 

All   of  yon — gpiriti  and   elay — go,  and  And  what  collateral  kve  raoret  on  with 

depart!  the«; 

In  Heayea  they  said  so;  and  at  Eden's  Tbn  ibalt  thou  know  If  thon  art  bwi- 

gale,—  tiftil. 

And  here,  reiterant,  in  Ibe  wilderness  t  ZMei/tr.  Loret  what  is  IoTe7    I  loae 

Nose  taith,  Stay  with  me,  for  thy  ftn  b  it.    Beauty  and  loTe ! 

Ihii  1  I  darken  to  the  image.    Beaoty — Love : 

Hoaesoith,  Stay  with  me,  for  thy  voice  is  fttiftittmf.^kiitiUwmmt^uKitii. 


rfav  The  precipice  01  lu 


Eti.    lUijnkno 

'  Bjthehi'pi 


X«iftr.   S  hSS-Ho.  lMd»i       ■*^"-  ^  "Kr.'.l'I'"'  -^ 


0.«Il5fbSftllr,tt.tI«mi  .■^"-  H«PPi«"".>'ul„i^l,,». 

Host  abaolnte  in  beaaiy.    As  yonnelres  4i„„    n,  — .i,„   v_  ,\.    .•<■     ,  ,. 

WereftsbienedTerTgoodMbUt,*)«  "*'*'"■    ^"{^J^'^  "*  Me  of  the 

Bpr-ng  Te^  beanteon.  fh,m  the  crtant  g,^  j^  ,j,^  „^,  ^^^^  „^  ^^^  y^^ 

Which  thrilled  aronnd  «s_God  Himwlf  *""  """^  "'"*  ^  ^'^ '»"'  ""*  ^^^ 

being  mwed,  '  ^V  "'H;;' ''  ^'™'?j^;^'^'  *■•*■ 

When  that  aogntt  work  of  a  perfttt  shape,  K-ttiw"- 

H!i  dignitiea  of  sovran  angel-hood,  Kve.  It  throbi  in  onus  like  a  plaintiTe 

flwept  ont  into  the  nnireree, — divine  heart,                     * 

With    thnnderons    nxrrements,    eamett  Pretsing,  with  slow  pnlniioDB,  Tibrative. 

looks  of  gods,  lu  gradual  sweetness  through  the  yicM- 

And  silTer-siriema  e^h  of  cymbal  wings.  ing  air. 

Whereof  I  was,  in  motion  nad  in  form,  To  sneh  eipression  as  (he  stars  may  oa^ 

A  part   not    poorest.     And    yet,— yet,  Most  starry-sweet,  and  strange  1    Witk 

perhaps,  evoy  note 

This  bCBuly  whieh  I  speak  of,  is  not  here.  That  grows  more  lond,  the  aofel  gt«ws 

As  God's  voice  is  not  here ;  nor  even  my  more  dim, 

crown—  Seceding  in  proportion  to  appnadt, 

I  do  not  know.    What  is  Ibis  thongbt  or  Until  he  staod  abr,--«  shade. 

tW»f  •iWflM.                              Now,  wttdh 


lizcdbyGoOl^Ic 


Kwa  or  ntt  xeumie  iTAa  TO  LDona.    Ib  n  great  fire,  I  iIqimi  took  Tw  God! 

Mine  ortMd  ioMge  itnlii  Thine  iingel  glory  vinlci 

Back  rnun  Ibec,  bmck  n«u  IhM,  ^  Down  from  ne,  dovn  frcm  me— 

Ai  Uon  art  fkUen,  Dwlbinki,  Mj  bMat;  falls,  metbinbs. 

Back  from  me,  back  ftwD  me.  Down  from  IbM,  down  [nm  Uwct 

O  my  lisht-bearer,  O  my  li£)i(-bearer, 

CoQld  wiotlwr  nUrar  O  my  palh-preparer, 

Lack  to  thee,  lack  to  thee  7  G«iie  frwn  mr,  ^ne  rrom  me  t 

iU,  al,  HeiMphora*  I  Ai,  ai,  Heotphoros ', 

IloTei  thee,  vith  the  fiery  lore  of  (tan,      I  eaonot  kindle  nnderneuh  tbebro# 
"Wha  tore  by  hamiiiB,  and  by  loTJog  more,    OT  Ihit  nev  aiwel  here,  who  ic  not  Tbon  i 
Too  near  tke  thntaed  Jehovab,  not  to  love.    AU  tbiogs  are  aliered  tince  ihat  lime  agow 
Ai,  ai,  Heoipboros  1  Andifl  ibinealcTe,  I  shalt  not  know— 

ncir  hrom  ftuli  btt  oa  me  from  glidii^  I  im  Miange — I  am  alow  I 

can,  Ai,  ai,  Heoapboroi  ■ 

HcQceforwanl,  homan  eyes  of  lorera  be 
The  only  sweetest  tight  thai  I  tball  aee, 
Wiih  lean  between  the  kwkiraiied  np  t* 

_  ^'"^ 

When,  kaTing  wept  all  night,  al  break  of 
JDmrn  uon  me,  dowa  fonn  me.  day, 

O  my  light-beaicr.  Above  the  folded  hill*  they  ihafl  nrrey 

li  aoothor  (hirer  Hy  light,  a  Utile  trembling,  in  the  grey. 
Won  tothce,won  tolheer  Ai,ail 

Ai,  ai,  Heoiphorof, 
Oreai  love  preceded  loes. 
Known  t«  thee,  kaowa  to  ihee. 

^  ai  I  And  melancholy  leaning  ont  of  Heaven, 

Tbon,  breathing  thy  eamannioaUe  grac«  That  love,  their  own  divine,  may  ehan» 

or  life  into  my  Yigbt,  n  end, 

WjM  aalMl  beet,  Iron  thine  angel  faee.  Thai  love  may  cloM  in  losa  t 

Hatt  inly  fed,  Ai,  ai,  Heotpboroi ! 

And  flooded  me  with  radiaaee  overmneh 

From  thy  port  height.  eci!N&-*w^^   ..-;;*  ^  .««„«- 

Al,  ai  1  eofttlt  w  <*'  nprraarkiitg  MifU. 

Thon,  With  calm,  flnaling  piBioiii  both 

wayi  cpi«ad,  Jdam,  How  dotb  the  wide  and  meUa> 

Erect)  irradiated,  choly  earth 

Sidit  aling  my  wheel  of  glory  Gather  hei  hill*  around  n«,  tjey  and  ghail, 

On,  oa  before  thee,  And  ttare  with  blank  aigniflcance  of  lost 

A]imglheGodlirht,byaqnickeningloacb!  Right  in  oar  faces  1    I«  the  wind  up  7 

Ha,  ha  I  £tt.                                        If  ay. 

Anmod,  around  the  finnamental  ocean,  Jdant.    And  yel  the  cedars  and  the 

I  swam  dilating  with  delirioas  fire  I  junipers 

Aioiud,  aronnd,  arannd,  in  blind  desire  Rock  slowly  Ibrough  the  mist,  witboni  a 

To  be  drawn  ontward  to  the  InJinite—  noise ) 

Ba,  ha  I  And  shapes,  which  hare  no  certainty  of 

Orin  du^y  in  and  ont  belween  the  piaet. 

And  loom  along  the  edge*  of  the  hills. 


I  woand  and  i , 

Vbile  all  the  cyclic  heaveniabont  me  span! 
Stan,  plaaeti,  sou,  and  moons,  expanded 

Tken  fladied  together  into  a  single  taa, 

And  would,  and  wound  in  one) 
Aad  MB  they  weoMd 


And  lengtben  as  w( 

;  gue  on  them, 

Eve. 

OLife 

Which  la  not  m.B'1 

t  nor  angel's !    What 

is  Ibis  r 

JiMm.  No  canse 

for  fear.    The  cirele 

of  God's  life 

Conwins  aU  liA  betide. 

e«. 

I  think  tbe  earth 

U  vnxei  with  can 

le,  and  waodera  flroa 

=1  Google 


SiS 


ADramanfEMU. 


t  Mam.  We  will  m 

C  We  were  brare  siDaing. 

^                                 £m.                  Yea,  I  plucked tliefniit  pore; 

■  iDg  there  Almott  as  loatUy  to  oar  qet,  pcrtap^ 

b                             Our  god-tbronet,  a»  the  templer  aaid,—  At  we  are  ia  (he  pareit  I     Pttf  as— 

U                                        not  God.  Us  too !  nor  itanl  at  in  the  duk,  ftway 

■  Hy  bean,  which  bett  IbcB,  sinlu.    The  From  TCtity  and  from  atabiUly, 

S                                        sun  hath  innk  Oi  what  we  naue  nid),  thnngb  the  ore- 

jt                             Oat  of  sight  wiOi  oar  Eden.  eedence 

Y                                Mam.                              Kighti»n«ir.  Of  earlh'i  adjnatdl  a•e^ — ETcnDore 

i                                Ere.  And  God->  cane,  neareat.    LeC  To  doabt,  betwUc  oar   Mfuci  ud  mx 

I                                        as  travel  back,    '  loali, 

i                         ,  And  stand  within  the  swcsd-glare  till  we  Whtcta  are  the  mut  distnnglil,  aikd  foil 

%                                       die :  of  pain, 

•-                             BelieTing  il  ia  better  to  meet  death  And  weak  of  apprrteitafaa. 

i                            Than  soffer  desolation.  Mtim.                       Coance,  Sweet  t 

I                                Jjdam.                         Kay,  beloTedl  The  mr»tic  »hape«  ebb  back  from  as,  and 

•j                            We  must  not  pluck  death  from  the  tli-  drop 

;                                        kerthand.  WUh  «k»»  coBeenlrie  moieKeat,  each  o» 

*  As  erst  we  plucked  the  apple :  we  Dinst  wail  each, — 

TJntil  He  gives  death,  as  He  g»re  ns  life :  Eipmcing  wider  tpMev-anlcoChfiMd 

Nor  mnrmur  faintly  o'er  the  primal  giA,  In  lioea  more  definite  for  Jmaferr 

BecaDse  wc  spoilt  its  sweetaeu  with  oar  And  eleaier  for  i«lalkiii ;  lill  the  thioug 

,                                        <in-  or  shapeless  Epeclra  merge  into  a  few 

.                                 Ete.  Ah,  ah  <   Dost  thou  diieern  what  Distingniihable    pknBlBBmc,  ragae    «iil 

4                                    T  behold  t  gtud, 

.                                 .fdam.  I  see  all.    How  the  spirits  in  Which  sweep  oat  and  aromd  m  vastilf, 

I                                       thine  eyes.  And  hold  as  in  •  circle  and  a  cals). 

I                             Front  their  dilated  orbits,  bound  before  Eve.  StraafepbaBtaKOiofpedeahadvwI 

;                             To  meet  the  spectral  Dread  I  Ibera  ara  twelre. 

Eve.                                  I  am  afraid—  Then,  wb  didat  Mune  all    lires,  fcaff 

*  Ab,ahl    The  twilight  biiiLles  wild  with  names  for  these  7 

*'>*P«>  Mam,  Metbinka  this  is  the  ladiae  cf 

Of  intermiitent  motion,  aspect  Twtue  the  eanh. 

And  myslic  bearings,  which  o'ercreep  the  Whidi    roonds   ns   with    iu   visioiian 

earth,  drawl,—                                         ' 

Keeping  slow  time  wilh  horrors  ia  the  Bcsponding  with  twelve  shadowy  "iffia  of 

biood.  eanh, 

;                             How  near  they  reach  ...  and  far  1    How  In  fantasquc  apposition  and  approBch. 

grey  they  move—  To  those  celesUal,  eomteUoled  Iwelye 

Tr=«aiagapon  thedaikness  wilhoutfeel—  Which  palpitate  aJown  the  silent  Bisfats 

And  flattering  on  the  darkness  without  Under  the  pressure  of  the  hand  of  God 

wings  I  Stretched  wide  in  benediction.    At  thV 

Some  ran  like  doga,  with  noses  to  the  hour, 

Sroinilt  Not  a  mar  pricketh   the  fiat  skora  rf 

,                             Some  keep  one  path,  like  sheep;  some  heaven  I 

<L_.      r!?*,^^'^,;      ,     ,        .  But,  girdling  close  onr  nether  wilderness. 

Some  glide  like  a  fallen  leaf;  and  some  The    lodiac-figures  of   the   earth    loom 

1                                        Bow  on,  slow,— 

J                             Copious  as  rirers.  Dmwo  out,  as  suiteth  with  the  idaee  ud 

I                                .Adam.          Some  spring  up  like  fire —  time, 

:•                           ^i!'*"'*ft"\;„       .  ^^   '^«'"  «*»^   •>«'"".  •■»«l«d    of 

^                                 Aw.     Ah,  ah  I  Dost  thon  pnnse  to  say  stars. 

Like  what?— coil  like  the  serpent,  when  Through  which  the  ecliptic  line  of  mysterT 

■*                             f         n  iT**'         u     ,     J      ,  .  Strikesbleaklywithannnrelealingacope. 

,                             FromaUtbeemeraldspIendorrfhaheieht,  Foreshowing  life  and  death 

And  wnthad,— and  aonU  not  dimb  against  Evt.                       By  dnam  or  sence 

-•                          .,        5'"'.«,°"^,,    ,        ,  ,        .  Do  we  see  this? 

Not  a  nng's^ogth.  I  am  afreld-afraid-  Mm.    Onr  spirit*  have  cBmbed  bMi 

I  thmt  It  IS  God's  wJl  to  make  ne  afraid :  Sj  rea««  of  theWion  of  onr«fe£- 

Permilling  tkssb  to  hsanln,  m  the  pUce  And,  from  the  loTcT •«««,  l«£ri^ 

r                            Of  Hii  bebved  angels-^ooe  fi«m  os,  ^^' "™™  "'" 


z.d.vCiOOglff 


1B44.]                                     A  Drama  0/  Enlt.                                          8S 

To  tb*  iatifniScuee  ud  h«ut  rf  tHng*  8h«nld  llgkt  tbeni  forvBHJ  non  theb  oni- 

Baikal  tb>Q  tbiaga  UMtnadveB.  line  Tagne, 

£vt.             And  the  dim  twetre To  dear  ccnfi^iratioo — 

Man.  Are  dim  exponents  oC  tbe  Bie«-  jvi  ^Vn'u.  >f  orfiwie  sad  Aatrrjranfc  utiini 

lare-Iife  ariie  J?m>  U«  fmad. 

Ai  earth  eentaios  it.    Gaze  on  theas,  ^)t~  Bat  wbat  Shape* 

lored  I  Rife  ap  betveen  ni  ia  the  open  «pace, — 

B;  ttricter  appreheiiBioii  of  the  eight,  And  ttimst  aie  into  horror,  beck  fnm 

Sa^estioDB  of  tbe  crestuces  EhoU  asiaage  hope  I 

Thjr  terror  of  the  ahadows ; — what  i*  ^dam.   CoIoMal  Shapri — twin  lovna 

known  ImaEcs. — 
Bnbdnlng  theunkaown,  and  taming  it 
From  ail  prodigfoos  dread.    That  phtut- 

laxffl,  there,  looK, 

Preaenta  a  lion, — albeit,  twenty  tboet  And  ytt  an  aapect— a  ugaiJteance 

As  large  as  an;  lion— with  a  roar  Of  iadiTJdaal  lire  and  pamionate  endi, 

Set  sonndleta  in  his  vibratory  jaw^  Which  oreieainei  ni  gaxing. 

And  a  alrange  horror  stirring  in  his  nane  1  O  bleak  winnd  I 

And,  there,  a  peadolons  shadow  aeemi  to  O  shadow  of  aonnd,  O  {dtanluin  of  tbta 

weigh —  Bonnd  I 

Good  agaioat  ill,  pcrehaneet  and  there,  1  How  it  eomei,  wheeling  as  the  palenolb 

crab  wheels, 

Fall  foidly  ont  it*  gradtwl  shadow^elaWi,  Wheeling  and  wheeling  in    eontioHont 

Like  a  slow  blot  that  spreads,— till  all  the  wall, 

gronnd,  Aran nd  the  cyclic  xodiac ;  and  gains  fbreat. 

Crawled  orer  by  it,  seema  to  arawl  itself;  And  gathers,  settling  coUty  like  a  moth, 

A  boll  stands  homed  here  with  gibbons  On  the  wan  faces  of  these  images 

^oout ;  We  see  before  ae;  whereby  modified. 

And  a  ram  likewise;    and   a  teorpion  It  draws  a  slrsighl  line  of  anicaUte  song  * 

writhes  Framoollhat  spiral  fkintness  of  lament — 

2t*  tail  in  ghastly  sUdk,  and  stings  tbe  And,  by  one  TOiee,  expresses  many  grieik. 

dark  ■  Firtf  Spirit. 

This  way  a  goat  leaps,  with  wiU  blank  of  I  am  the  spirit  of  the  harmless  earth ; 

beard ;  God  spake  me  softly  out  among  the  sian. 

And  here,  fantastic  fishes  dndily  float,  As  soflly  as  a  blessing  of  mneh  worth, — 

Using  the  calm  for  waters,  while  their  fins  AjmI  then.  His  smile  did  follownnaware^ 

Thiob  out  slow  rhythms  along  the  shnllow  That  all  things,  fhshioned,  so,  for  nse  and 

air  [  dntj. 

While  images  more  human Uight  shine  anointed  with  His  duismoT 

Evt,                               How  he  stands,  beanty — 

That  phantasm  of  a  man— who  is  not  Vet  I  wail  I 

ttoB  I  I  dnvc  on  with  the  worlds  einltingly. 

Two  phantasms  of  two  men  1  Obliqnely  down  the  Godlight's  gradntt 

■Idam.                        One  that  sostnins,  fall— 

And  one  that  striTcs  I— resnmiiig,  so,  the  Individaal  aspect  and  eompleiily 

CAds  Of  gyratory  orb  and  interval, 

Of  manhood's  curse  of  labor.*    Dost  thon  Lost  in  the  Aaent  motioD  of  delight 

see  Toward  Ihe  high  ends  of  Bcicg,  beyond 

ThatphaUasraofawoDMnt—  sight— 

£*e.                                  I  have  seen—  Yet  I  wail  I 

Bat  look  off  to  those  small  huaaoities,t  Stcond  Spiril. 

Wkidi  draw  me  tenderly  acioai  my  feari  I  am  the  Spirit  of  the  harmless  beasts. 

Lesser  and  &inter  than  my  womBahood,  Of  dying  things,  and  creeping  tbui(s. 

Or  yet  thy  manhood — with  strange  inno-  and  swimming ; 

ceoc«  Of  atl  the  lives,  erst  set  at  silent  feasts. 

Set  in  the  misty  lines  of  head  and  hand  That  fonnd  the  love-kus  on  the  goblet 

They  lean  together .'  Iwonldgaieonlhem  brimming, 

Loaaerandlnger,lillmy walebingeye* —  And  tasted,  in    each    drop   within    the 

A*  Uie  stars  do  in  watching  anything, —  measare, 


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■3 


»  A  Drama  ^  BaOt.  [Mr* 

Tbenr*etetttd«»tai«oraeirL«id'*pMl    Row htppy vara r«,HttettiidpMM«ii«. 

pleUOre ---...-  .       _        _     i  .rn_ni.i^ 

YetliraJlr 
What  B  Toll  hum  of  life,  around  HU  lip*,     f  {rif  Spirit. 
Bore  witnei*  to  the  falneM  of  cr— ■'"• ' 


Hon  aU  tbe  grand  tiati»  were  folMaden 


I  wmO,  1  wail  I   Noif  hear  mf  ctiarEe  te- 

E«h3i  jg  onward,  from  «no«i.,io«,  ^hoQ  waMhou  wom.o,  marked  a.  tte 

?b,'^S^;'J,"l™'rf'?it^''S^  BrGod'i«^'atyonrt.ck.!  Ilentm, 

iBB  crestarea  power  oi  jarmg,  ncfiDg,  '          ,      —         j                                  * 

•.  i                                 ^!«-    They  wail,  bdored !  they  ipeak  .    .     ^rown  »«"  ^7^"^.»  y  i™.  « 

4                                         ofgloirandGod,  And  now,  it.  change  for  what  I  lent,  t« 

i                          ""^  '^eZj"'^*    "^"-^  •f  The  thCTo%«,  the  tempest-fir.  to 

:  i                             Drops  from  it  Iflw  its  ftui^  and  hewrUr  "'"''L'S'^.  i  i 

-•i                                         falls  Apdlwail. 

;5                             IntothelapofsUence!  Seeoad  Spirit. 

!                                 ^dam.                       Hark,  again  t  1  wail,  I  wail  1    BeboM  ye  that  I  faHen 

'\                             pinl  Spirit.  ^1  eofraw'a  ttng  upon  yo«r  aouls  dif- 

•J                                 Mj  joy  stood  up  within  me  bold  and  Accuned  iraMgreMJia  I  dewa  Oe  ateep 

; ' ;                            FBlerel  through  roses,  did  the  %hl  ia<  ^'""jSid  I  wail ! 

■'  3                         1           close  me  I  r-           . 

■[                             And  bnnches  of  the  grape  swang  bine  ririi  Spirit. 

■*  -I                                        aenws  me—  I  ,^1,  i  ^mil  r  Do  ye  bear  that  1  wail  ? 

■ '}                                           Yel  I  waQ !  1  bod  no  part  in  jonr  trusgreiBioa— 

.'   "                             Second  Spirit.  none  1 

'  :                            I  bonnded  with  mj  panthen !    I  n^oiecd  Mj  ™*?«  on  U.e  bough  did  bnd  not  pale— 

;                                 In   my   young    tnmbling  lims.  rolled  "'  """■  ^"^  """ """"  '"  ""  •"" 
,•                                    blether) 

.  ■  Myitag — the  river  at  bit  felloek»--poised, 

i  Then  dipped  his  antlers,  tlirongh  the 

>  golden  weather, 

,     ''  In  the  tame  ripple  which  (bealligaioT 

J<eA  his  joyon*  iTODbUng  of  the  water- 
Yet  1  wailt 

I                            Fint  SpirU.  ed ! 

;                             O  my  deep  waters,  CBUracl  and  flood,—  ^^  nightuigales  nng  sweet  wUhont   ■ 

■  1                             What  wordless  uiumph  did  Toar  *oice»  „    ""r,         ,  .            ,  ^       .  . 

■   '-                                        render!  MygenlleleopardsinaocenUyboonded! 


•'   *  O  nwnntain-sununils,  where  tbe  angela  "''wereobedient-whali.lhiscwTOtee. 

:  ••  stood  ""'  blamelen  life  with  pangs  and  fever- 

"■   r  And  shook  from  head  and  wing  thick  pnlse*? 

,  ■  f  dews  of  splendor;  „       ,     *« '  ™ '         ^         ,  „ 

\  How,  with  ■  holy  qniet,  did  yoor  Earthy  ■^"-  ^  chooseGod's  tbander  and  Hb 

.■^!  Accept  that  Heavenly— knowing  yo  were  ™    ,.   ""Reh  swords                      

.   -_  >                             worthTl  To  die  by,  Adam,  rather  than  sneb  words, 

,  *";  Yet'lwail!  Let  us  pasaimt,  and  He*. 

U.'  «.™-jjD„!_i,  Jiam.                    We  eannol  flee. 

flMMWBjKrw.  This  sodUflofthe  creatures' emelfy 

I   '\  O  my  wild  wood-di^i,  with  your  listening  Cnrlsronod  us,  like  iri*er  cold  aad  drear, 

,    .i  tjti\  AndshulBusin, Gonstrainingas  tohear. 

"■^  *lr   horses— my   ground    eagles,    for  Fint  Spirit. 

*"''*  fleeing  r  I  r«ei  yonr  steps,  0  wandering  sianera, 

.r,  ■  "T  huds,  wiih  Tiewlees  wings  of  har-  strite 

«"»■,  monies, —  A  senie  of  death  to  me,  and  trndng 

<f ,  Hyeatm  coldflahesof  a  sUTer being, —  gniTw! 


,1=,  Google 


1B44.]  A  Drama  of  EtiU.  tft 

TJie  bavt  of  cutb,  onca  nlm,  ii  tmo-  Stota  dean  raliliou  towud*  ■  tpoiUi 
bling,  like  will. 

The  ragged   totm  aloog   tbc  oeeut'  From  tbe  wronged  to  Uic  vrooger  t  thit 
Wftres:  and  no  more  ; 

Tbe  rcEtleu  earthiiuilLn   rack  againil  I  do  not  isk  more.     I  am  'ware,  iodeedt 

each  other ; —  That  absolute  pard'ia  b  imposaible 

Tbeclementimonn'roundme — "Molbei,  From  yoa  tome,  by  TeHion  o{  mj  rid, — 

motber  " —  And  that  I  cannot  cTeratare,  as  oace. 

And  I  wail  I  With  worthy  acceptation  of  pore  joy, 

Secosd  f^JTit.  BehoM  the  trancea  of  tbe  b^y  hilb 

Your    inelancholy   loolu    do  pierce    me  Beneath  the  leaning  start;  oi  watch  th* 
through  i  vale*, 

Comipcioa   awathes    the  paleoess  oT  Dew-pallid  with  tkeir  moraiogecsiatyi 

your  beanty.  Or  hear  the  windi  make  pasloral  peae* 
Wity  bare  ye  dooe  tliis  thing  T    What  bctwetn 

did  we  do  Two  gnuay  apUnds, — and  the  riTer-wellt 

That  we  ahooM  fall  from  bliM,  at  ya  Work  out  their  bubbling  lengths  benaUk 

from  dnty ;  tbe  gronod, — 

Wild   shriek   the  hawks,  In  wailing  for  And  all  the  birds  siag,  till,  for  joy  of  sonf, 

(heirjesaes.  They  lid  their  trembling  wings,  as  if  to 

Fierce  howl  the  woItcs  along  tbe  wilder-  heave 

nease* —  Tho  loo-much  weight  of  mnsie  from  their 
And  I  wail  I  heart, 

Mam.  To  thee,  tbe  Spirit  of  tbe  barm-  And  float  it  up  the  [Ether  1    I  am  'ware 

lew  earth—  That  thejc  things  I  can  no  mora  apptt- 
To  tbee,  the  Spirit  of  earth's  haimlesa  bend, 

lives —  With  a  pure  organ,  into  a  Ml  delight; 

Interior  creatures,  but  stilt  innoccn^^  The  sense  of  beauty  and  oT  melody 

Be  salutation  f>0Di  a  guilty  month,  Being  no  more  aided  in  me  by  the  senM 

Yet  worthy  of  some  aadience  and  respect  Of  personal  adjustment  to  those  height* 

From  you  who  are  not  guilty.    It  we  OP  what  1  see  well-formed  or  hear  well> 

have  sinned,  tuned, — 

God  hath  rebuked  us,  who  is  over  ns.  But  rather    coupled    darkly,  and  mads 
To  give  rebuke  m  death ;  and  IT  ye  wail  ashamed, 

Becaase  of  any  luSering  fhim  onr  sin.  By  my  peieipieney  of  sin  and  fall, 

Ye,  who  ara  under  and  not  over  ns.  And  melancholy  of  homilianl  thought!. 

Be  satisfied  with  God,  If  not  with  na,  But,  oh  [  fair,  dreadful  Bpirils— albeit  this 

And  pass  oat  teom  oar  prsMnee  in  sueh  Yonr  aecaialion  mast  eoafroat  mr  aotil, 

peace  And  yonr  pathetic  utterance  and  full  gaM 

Aa  we  hare  left  yon,  to  eajoy  revenge.  Must  erermore  subdoe  me ;  be  coateut— 

Sueh  as  the   HeaTeos   hare  made  you.  Conquer  me  gently — as  if  pitying  me, 

"    ''"  Not  to  say  loving  1  let  my  tears  (all  thick 

s,  large  a*  AsTatermgdewiof  £den,unreprDache4| 

fin .  And  when  your  tongues  reprove  me,  oulca 
Ett.  No  strife,  mine  Adam  I    Let  nt  me  smooth, 

not  stand  high  Not  raffled — smooth  and  still  with  yonr 
Upon  the  wrong  we  did,  to  reach  disdain,  reprool^ 

Who  rattier  should  be  humbler  erennorb  And  peradventure  better,  while  more  sad. 

Since  self-made  sadder.    Adamt  shall  I  For  look  to  it,  sweet  Spirits — look  well  Id 

I  who  s^ke  once  to  loch  a  bitter  end —  It  will  not  be  ami**  in  yoa  who  kept 

Shall  I  apeak  humbly  now,  who  once  wai  The  law  of  yonr  own  righteousneat,  aal 

proud  T  keep 

I,  tcbooled  by  Bta  to  more  humility  The  right  of  yonr  own  griefs  l«  mooni 
Than  thou  hasl,  0  mine   Adam,  O  my  themaelres, — 

king—  To  pity  me  twice  falien,— from  that,  aad 
JTjiking,  if  not  the  world's?  this,— 

Mam.  Speak  a*  tbon  wiU.  FromJayofplice,andalsorightorwail,-^ 

Evt.  Thus,  then — my  hand  in  thine —  "  I  wail"  being  not  fur  me — only  "  1  tin." 

....  Sweel,  dreadful  Spirits  I  Look  to  it,  0  sweet  Spirit*  !— 

I  pny  yon  hambly  in  (be  name  of  God  t  For  was  I  not* 

Not  to  say  of  these  tears,  which  are  im-  At  that  last  snuMt  seen  in  Paradise, 

When  all  the  westeriag  clouds  flaahed  oU 

in  throngs 
Of  sudden  angei-faees,  face  by 


iy  Google 


A  Dnaut  ef  JBxil*. 


(JnJr. 


An  iMOed  and  folnoD,  u  a  tboVfht  of 

God 
Beld  tktm  viwpeiided, — m*  I  not,  that 

Tht  !»dj  oTlbc  irorld,  prlncew  of  life, 
Uiktreu  of  fcatt  and  favor?    Could  I 

A  Tote  with  mv  while  hand,  but  it  became 
Redder  at  once  f  CdhU  I  walk  leianrdy 
Along  oar  awarded  fardcn,  bat  the  grass 
Tr«<j[ed  me  with  greenneett    Could  I 

stand  aside 
A  motoent  ludenmtfa  a  eornel-lTee, 
J^t  all  the  leBTCB  did  tremble  as  alive. 
With  MBgi  of  Bitj  bird*  who  were  made 

glad 
BecatiM  I  ttood  there  7    Could  I  tani  Iw 

look 
With  these  twain  eye»  of  mine,  ect  weep- 
Now  Rood  for  onlf  weeping, — upon  man. 
Angel,  or  beast,  or  bird,  bnt  eaeb  rejoic^ 
BenDse  1  Icipked  on  htm  1  Alas,  a^  I 
And  ii  not  this  mnch  wo,  to  crj  "  alas !" 
SpMldag  of  jo;  1    Ajid  it  not  ihia  more 

To  have  made  the  wo  mTuIf,  from  aB 

IhaljoTt 
To  have  atretphed  mine  hand,  and  plucked 

11  fVotn  the  tree, 
And  ehosen  it  ibr  finit  J    Nay,  is  not  this 
Still  mott  despair,— to  have  halved  thai 

bitter  frmit. 
And  ruined,  so,  the  sweetest  friend  I  have. 
Turning  the  ckeatest  to  mine  enemy  t 
Mam.  I  will  not  hear  thee  speak  lo. 

HeaAeo,  Spirits  I 
Onr  God,  who  is  the  enemy  of  none. 
But  odIt  of  their  sin, — halh  set  yonrhope 
And  my  hope,  in  a  promise,  on  this  Hnd. 
ce,  then, — and  never  breiie 


Wilb  unpermitted  and  extreme  reproach ; 
Lett,  panioiMte  in  anguish,  she  fling  down 
Seneath  joui  tramming  feet,  God's  gift  to 

n*. 
Of  aovranty  by  reason  and  iVeewiH ; 
Sinning  against  the  province  of  the  3onl 
To  rule  the  tonllesi.     Reverence  her 

estate) 
And  para  ont  Com  her  presence  wilb  no 

£m.  0  dearest  Heart,  have  patience 
with  my  heart, — 
O  Spirits,  have  patience,  'stead  of  revci- 

And  let  me  tpeab )  for,  not  being  inno- 


And  preoiiee  set  upon  me,  that  hrncefm}). 
Only  my  genllenees  shall  make  me  grre^ 
Hy  hnnifalenets  exalt  me.    Awful  Spirita, 
Be  witness  that  I  stand  in  your  reprocd" 
Bnt  one  ton's  length  of)'  fioia  my  hapt>i* 

Happy,  as  I  have  said,  to  look  aronad — 
Clou-  to  look  up ! — .^jid  now  1  I  need  not 

Ye  see  me  what  I  am  j  ye  scorn  me  so, — 
Beeanse  ye  see  me  what  I  have  made  my- 
self 
From  God's  best  mtdting  t   Alas,~peace 

Love  wtDOged, — and  virtne  fbrfeit,  and 

tears  wept 
Upon  all,  raialy  I    Alas,  me  ■  alas. 
Who  have  undone  mys^  from  al]  that's 

beet. 
Fairest  and  sweetest,  to  this  wretchedest. 
Saddest  and  most  defiled — cast  out,  east 

What  word  melei  absolnle  loss  7  let  abso- 
lute lou 
Safficeyouforrevengc.   For  I,  wbo  lired 
Beneath  the  wings  of  angels  yesterday. 
Wander  to-day  beneath  theroofiess  world!  ' 
I,  reigning  the  earth's  empress,  yesteHsy, 
Pnl  off  ftom  Eie,  to-day,  yonr  hate  with 

prayeni 
r,  yesterday,  who  answered  the  L«rd  God, 
Composed  and  glad,  aa  singinK-biids  the 

Might  shriek  now  fiom  oor  dismal  desert, 

"God," 
And  hear  Him  make  reply,  "Whatisthy 

Thou  whom  I  cursed  (o-day  ?" 


£re. 


it  last, 


Who  yesterday  was  belpniale  and  delight 
Unto  my  Adam,  am  to-daj  the  grief 
And  corse-mete  for  him  I  And,  so,  pity  na. 
Ye  BenlIeSpitJla,and  pardon  htm  and  me. 
And  let  lome  tender  peace,  made  of  our 

pais. 
Grow  np  betwixt  ue,  as  a  tree  might  grow 
WithbiMgbion  both  sides.    Intbeshade 

of  which. 
When  presently  ye  shall  behold  us  dead, — 
For  the  poor  sake  of  our  humility. 
Breathe  ont  yonr  pardon  on  our  Inealhleal 

And  drop  yonr  twilight  dews  against  oar 

And  stroking  with  mild  airs,  our  harmleu 

Left  empty  of  all  fl-nit,  perceive  your  lovo 
Distilling  tlumigh  yonr  pity  over  as, 
And  raSer  it,  seir-ieronoled,  to  past. 


lizcdbyGooi^le 


18m.]  G9MTnmitU  mid  AAitinutratim  of  J 


OUTLINE  SKETCH  OF  THE  GOVERNMENT  AND  ADMINIS- 
TRATION OF  ROME  AND  THE  PAPAL  STATES. 

■T   I.    S,  KCADLCT. 

Thi  Mbjeet  bere  indicated  a  one  on  stale,  either  Bpiritnal  or  tempon^,  and 

which  few  tnTellers  inqatre  or  rtport,  has  the  title  of  Monstgnore.    There 

and  few  re«deca  know  aoythin^;.     Its  are  upwards  of  two  handred  of  them  tn 

IKraelly  will,  we  tnist,  make  tlie  sketch  the   kingdom,  eome  attached  to  the 

■we  propose  to  gJTc  in  some  degree  ennrt  of  the  Pope,  and  others  to  the 

acceptable  to  the  readera  ofthc  Oemo-  government    buarda.      The    office    to 

eratic  Re*iew.  aonghl  aOerehiefly  bceause  it  is  in  the 

Nothisgiemorecomnionthan  tooTcr-  higli  mad  to  prefenncnt,  and  the  Pre- 

look  the  present  policy  and  character  late  often  (indeed,   ueualK)  becomes 

•f  those  eities  whieh  are  linked,  by  governor  of  Rome,  nuscio,  delegate, 

such  strong  amoeiatinos,  with  ^Ithat  auditor-general,  or  treasnrer,  and  aome- 

is  great  in  the  history  of  the  Mat.  times  gets «  seat  in  the  aacred  college, 

Rome  haa  hernins — her  Fonnn,  Coli-  among   the   oardinals.      His   costume 

seittn,  Capitoline  and  Palatine  hills ;  dieiinguiehee  him  from  other  officers, 

•he  baa  aJto  her  St.  John  in  Laterane,  fa;  the  short  black  silk  oloak  and  violet 

Maiia  Haggiore,  and  St.  Peter's,  all  stockings. 

iinposiiig  and  foil  of  interest.  But  Tlie  proTineea  mentioned  aboTS  are 
Rmne  has  alto  her  schools,  her  eoorta  each  subdivided  into  dietricis,  hav- 
<tf  jnattee,  and  berpdiiies;  and,  amid  iog  their  own  peculiar  local  govern- 
all,  her  magnificent  ediflcee  and  great  ment,  siibjeci,  however,  to  these  head 
bistories.  It  is  not  of  least  in-  Legates,  or  Del^ales. 
teteet  to  look  into  her  secret  policy.  The  government  of  the  kingdom  is 
and  see  how  it  goes,  in  practical  mat-  an  elective  bierarehy,  the  Pope  be- 
ters,  with  what  is  left  of  the  Old  Km-  ing  its  head.  He  is  chosen  by  the  Col- 
pire.  lege  of  Cardinals,  wboaeoomber  is  limit- 

Aethots  differ  as  to  the  nnmber  of  ed  to  serentj,  tfaongh  it  boa  never  yet 

a^ara  miles  in  the  PapiJ  Slates.   The  reached,    we    believe,    that    nnmber. 

government  generally  make  tbe  super-  When  the  Pope  dies,  they  are  shot  up 

ficial  ares  about   13,000  Italian  iqaare  in  the  papal  palace  on  the  Quirinal,  ana 

miles,  of  sixty   to  a  degree.     The  are  not  allowed  to  come  out  or  commii' 

Raceoha,  ar  censas,  of  IS33,  makes  nieate  with  each  other,  except  to  cast 

the  popolalioD  of  this  territory  2,739,-  their  ballots,  until  the  Pope  is  elected. 

736.     Poor  as  the  inhabitants  sre,  only  A  majority  of  two-thirds  is  necessaiT 

one-third  of  Ibis  territory  is  cnllivated.  to  a  choice,  Austria,  France  aiut  Spain 

The  dominions  of  the  Pope  are  di-  having  the  power  to  pot  each  ita  vetw 

Tided  into  twenty  prorincea,  the  larg-  on   one   candidate.      During   the  nine 

est  of  which  is  the  Comsrea  of  Rome,  days  between  the  Pope's  death  and  fii- 

inehiding  in  its  limits  Tivoli,  Rome  neral,  the  chief  power  is  exercised  b)r 

and   Sabiaco.     I^e  remaining  nine-  the  Cardinal  Chamberlain,  who    can 

teen  are  divided    into  two  diftercnt  coin  money  daring  that  time  in  his  own 

elaases,  called  Legations  and  Delega-  name,  impressed  with  his  own  coat  of 

lions,  tbe  former  of  which  are  gov-  arms, — and  the  wa^  he  rattles  it  off  does 

emed  by  Cardbials,  and  the  latter  by  great  credit  to  his  bosiness  qnalitiee. 

Prelates.     And  hers,  by  the  way,  I  During  that  time  tbe  edicts  go  fortk 

■tight  tKf,  dial  the  office  of  Prelate  is  from  St.  John's,  it  being  the  Mother 

eonfined  to  the  Papal  States,  and  be  Chorch. 

may  or  may  not  be  a  bishop.     Indeed,  Tbe  administration  of  the  goveti^ 

it  is  not  at  alt  neceeaary  he  sboald  be  ment  is  carried  on,  nitder  the  I^pe,  by 

In  holy  orders,  and  if  be  does  not  take  a  Cardinal  Seeretary  of  State,  and  sev. 

ordination  he  goes  bnek  into  tbe  rank  eral   boards,   or,  aa  tbey  Br#  ealted, 

•f  laymen,  when  he  retires  from  office.  Congregaiioni,  *ii.,the  Camera  Apo*- 

He  is  a  sort  of  under  secretary  of  tolica,  ar  Finasetal  Department,  the  /  ~' 


Googlz 


fi  GoeertutieHl  and  Admmitlration  of  Some,  tic.  V^t 

Cuwelleriai  tbe  Distent,  knd  the  Feni-  town,  iail  of  whom  retite  emj  two 
teniitn  or  Secret  InquiBition.  The  yeftts  wittiiheG(Hifitli>iiiflie,or  Miijror, 
mlv life  office  under  the  Pope,  is  that    This  Coniwil  uaautfafl  rmtea,&<)., mud 


of  CardioBl  Chamberlain,  (be  lesl  being  an  annual  budget  is  preMnted  to  tbem 
M  the  diepoMl  of  his  Holinesa.  The  by  the  Mavor,  wbicn,  after  it  receivM 
GoTernoi  of  Rome    poMCHses  great    their  ssnciion,  is  iubmitled  to  the  Del- 


power,  and  cannot  be  deprived  of  his  ^te,  who  in  his  turn  acnds  ii 
office.  He  can,  however,  be  promoted  Buon  Govemo,  which  is  composed  of 
into  the  College  of  Cardinsua,  if  he  tweWe  Caidiotla  aod  Prelates,  afkor 
riioold  exeicisa  his  power  too  freelv ;  which  it  is  returned  to  the  eommuiM, 
and  thns  cease  to  be  goreinor.  If  he  and  becomes  law.  The  municiptl  ao- 
bocomes  too  frastious,  his  promotion  is  Ihorities  can  discharge  qo  account  with- 
certain.  He  has  coqItoI  OTsr  all  the  out  this  furmalily,  and  not  a  dollar  can 
Comarea,  nnlimited  power  over  the  be  raised  without  it,  eren  foe  local  nut- 
police,  and  can  himseif  inflict  capital  poses.  This  is  not,  perhaps,  an  ill-bal- 
pDaishmeDt.  It  is  the  AucUtor's  bust-  anced  Bystem  on  the  whole,  and  were 
ness  to  examine  the  titles  of  all  candl-  it  not  in  a  tyrannical  gOTCiainent,  might 
dates  for  bishoprics,  and  decide  cases  work  well,  iboagb  slowly.  But  th» 
of  appeal  ID  the  Pope.  The  Cancelle-  difficulty  is,  one  spirit  perTadea  the 
ria,  mentioned  above,  is  the  Chancery  whole,  and  (be  checks  on  the  pei^Ia 
Court,  and  (he  Dataria,  a  court  for  ec-  are  not  from  the  people,  but  from  the 
olcsiastieal  benefices.  To  these  might  Pope,  so  that  there  is  the  semblanctt 
be  added  the  Buon  Gov erno  for  the  Mu-  of  freedom,  without  its  enjoyment. 
nicipal  Police,  the  Congrcgnzione  de  There  is  no  use  in  legislating,  when 
Monti  forthepublic  debts,  and  the  Sacra  men  are  not  allowed  to  legislate  except 
Consutta.  in  one  wav.  The  veto  power  of  too 
The  LeBStesand  Delegates,  who  ad-  Pope  is,  after  alt,  by  this  very  system, 
minister  the  goverpment  of  the  pro-  extended  to  the  minatest  matters. 
Tinees,  are  assisted  by  a  Council  (called  The  Pope  receives  less  as  a  moo- 


Congregaaione  di  Govemo},  composed  arch,  than  most  men  imagine.  The 
of  the  Uayot  of  the  principal  town,  average  rovonne  of  the  Papal  States  te 
called  the  Gonfaloniere.  and  from  two    less  than  ClO.OOO^O.    It  costs  sim- 


o  four  Councillors,  designated  by  the  ply  to  collect  this  sum,  about  £2,320,' 
Pope,  and  linlding  office  two  years.  000.  Then  there  goes  to  pay  the  in- 
Thenumber  of  Councillors  corresponds  lerest  of  the  public  debt  93,547,655. 
to  the  rank  of  the  provinces — the  first  The  government  and  state  expenses 
clasa  having  four,  the  second  three,  and  are  nearly  4500,000,  and  about  the 
the  third  two.  These  Councillors,  same  amount  goes  to  the  Cardinals, 
however,  have  bat  little  power.  They  Foreign  Ministers,  tie.,  to  say  nothing 
have  no  vote  on  questions,  and  can  only  of  hospitals,  festivals,  Ac,  &e.  The 
send  to  the  Pope  their  written  objec-  expenses  of  the  Court  are  about  (300,- 
tious  to  a  decision  of  the  Delegate.  000,  of  which  the  Pope  gets  onlv  a 
The  Delegate  has  also  two  ABsessoia,  small  portion.  Many  an  English  bisnop 
who  are  judges  in  civil  cases,  in  the  is  better  secured  in  his  pecuntatr 
principal  towns,  but  they  must  not  be  emoluments  than  the  Pope  himselt 
natives  of  the  province.  So,  also,  There  is  one  thing  to  be  taken  into 
eleven  of  the  Delegations  are  cut  up  constdet^on,  however ;  the  eecleaiao- 
iolo  districts,  each  ruled  by  a  Governor,  ticai  revenue  does  not  enter  at  all  into 
wlu)  cannot  bea  nativeof  the  province,  the  Stale  returns,  and  its  amount  is 
and  who  is  subject  to  the  Delegate,  known  only  to  his  Holiness,  and  his  ad- 
Tbese  Governors  sit  as  judges  in  cer-  visers.  Indeed,  we  think  that  the  Pope 
tain  civil  and  criminal  cases  in  the  die-  derives  very  little  pecuniary  profit  from 
tricts.  his  temporal  power;  what  he  has, be  it 
These  districts  are  again  divided  into  more  or  less,  comes  ia  the  shape  of 
communes,  with  their  Council,  eorres-  church  revenue, 
ponding  to  our.Common  Councils,  pre-  But  what  a  miserable  slate  of  oivil 
udedover  by  the  iownGonraloniere,or  and  municipal  government  must  a  king- 
Mayor,  elected  out  of  the  Council,  and  dom  be  in,  when  it  takes  more  than 
holding  his  place  for  two  years.  He  is  one-fifth  of  the  entire  rectipti  to  collect 
assisted  by  Aaziani,  or  AJdermen,  from  tA«  rtveaue !  On  some  of  (he  revennet 
two  to  six,  according  to  the  size  of  the  the  cost  of  collecting  is  60  per  cent.-^ 


Google 


1844.]                GwtrwMfU  and  AAimuHralion  of  Rtmt,  tie.  M 

•■  lotteriM  69  Mr  MDt.    The  tnureM  of  Cliristendaai.DnwfaDM  deeu4oin  At 

•f  tfae  pnbliedeU  u  neutySSperoeiii.  eirilaed  woild  wuMd  with  awe  anl 

«ii  the  wMe  nett  i«*eiKia  of  the  king-  deference.    Prot»bly  no  court  irf  thm 

don.     Pftit  of  tbi>  intereM  is  pud  U  worid   hu  erer  hmd  eaoh  eway,  aiti 

Milan,  the  reat  at  Paria  fiw  Frenck  commanded  aaeb  ictpeet,  w  tfaia  Sacnt 

loaaa.  Rooia.    It  atill  OTerabadowi  tbe  Pwpil 

The  Papal  nary  enuiste    of  two  Statea,  and  extsoda  its  iDflnenee  into 

Meanma,  and  a  few  gen  bii|a,  and  tbe  tbe  Catholic  countriee  of  Eoit^.    It 

■tanding  aimy  ie  ODly  about   14,000  ii  compoeed  of  twehe  pieUtoe.    8ts 

Bfln,   whioh    eomtitate   no    efieetite  of  tbeae  are  appoiatod  by  the  pepo— 

ftcee,  either  fbr  offence  or  defimee.  the  other  eix  by  different  kiagdoma  of 

The  King  of  Sardinia  alone,  haa  a  Europe.    Fianoe  appeiQU  one,  Spain 

aUndiof  aimy  of  80,000.    His  Holi-  two,  Oermany  and  Uilan  eaeh  (rflhen 

neia  Inna  on  AuMria  in  alt  belligerent  one,  and  Tuscany  and  Peragia  titn- 

iMtten,  aod  although  it  ia  oootrary  lo  nataly  the   namtning  niembet.    Thta 

a  Pual  decree  that  any  foreign  anny  court  gim  the  reaaona  of  ita  deciaiona^ 

aboold  qoaiter  in  the  kingdom,  Auatna  which  can  be  reviewed  by  itaelf,  or  oat^ 

teepa  a  ganieon  in  Femra.    Withoat  ried  to  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  Ca- 

tUseonstantoTer^adowingof theAuB-  mera  Apoatolica.     No  great  eanae  ia 

uiao  army,  Italy  wonld  be  conTulied  eonaiderod  aeitled  nntil  two  Jndgneatai    > 

in  three  momlw  by  her  internal  agit*-  agreeing  wtdi  each  other,  hare  beei 

tiona.  pronounced  upon  it,  diat  is,  either  ■ 

Jnttiee  is  adrainiatered  on  the  Canon  eecond  Jodgoient  on  review  t^  the  8k- 

kw,  and  the  lawa  of   the  "Corp«s  en  Roota,  or  jodgment  by  the  Camet* 

Jiuis."  Tbe  Pope  ^points  tbe  Jndgee,  Apoetolioa.    Beftre  all  Ihia  yntoeaa  is 

who  muat  be  30  yean  of  age,  doctora  gone  Ihrongh  with,  death  often  pvo- 

of  law,  and  five  years  nraetiaing  advc^  oenncea  aentenoe  on  the  poor  praaa 

eatei.    We  hare  mtieed  before  that  ontor  himedf.    Thna  a  caae  which  ibo 

the  Geremer  of  a  country  district  bas  goremment  may  not  care  to  have  act- 

Inriadiotion  over  both  civil  and  orim-  ed  on  at  all,  eaa  be  as  effectually  laid 

inal  cases,  of  a  minor  chaTnotar ;   ia  to  rest  in  the  very  heart  of  ha  in^prifi- 

eivil  caaea  for  any  sum  up  to  C300,  cent  eonrts,  as  the  moat  despoiio  Uag 

ia  eriminal  caaea,  for  slight  offencet ;  eould  wish. 

though  his  decinona  can  be  sppenled  In  erimind  eases,  the  dspoaitieae  at« 
irom.  In  the  luge  towna,  stnaH  written  down,  and  the  whole  ea«ae  ear- 
offencea,  m  we  have  already  remarked  Had  on  and  completed  with  elooed 
befMo,  are  decidod  opon  by  the  aseees-  doors.  Oorarnment  prtvridea  a  son  of 
OTs  of  the  delegate.  In  every  provimo  moraer-general,  wboeo  aorvieea  ths 
there  ie  a  court,  ealted  the  Collegiate  acoiieed  a«n  alwaya  command.  He  ia 
CoBTt,  haling  loiiediotioB  over  the  appointed  by  the  Pi^w,  and  ooppMed 
whole  provinoe,  both  in  civil  and  crim-  m  aulary,  and  cMiithe  Apcoeato dei 
inal  caeee.  This  conrt  is  compoeed  of  Pmgri  (advocato  of  the  poor).  Thia 
tbe  delegate  of  the  province,  hia  two  would  not  be  a  bad  plan  ftr  vs  to  adopt. 
asaeBean,ajBdge,andBmeaiberafthe  ,  An  attomey-genenllo  <fe/iiM(thepoor, 
oetnmon  conncii.  All  appeals  f^om  the  ralhsr  than  one  to  acense  them,  wonUt 
local  governors  and  ■wceeore,  are  car-  we  think,  belter  snbeerve  the  ends  of 
lied  to  this  court ;  but  its  decisionB  are  justice.  In  the  Segnatara  and  Sacra 
not  final.  The  provinces  have  three  Huota,  the  adTocalcsBro  cempetled  ta 
eonrta  of  appeal  from  the  Collegiate  Eiddresa  the  court  in  Latin,  a  piMttea 
Conn;  one  at  Bologna,  another  at  Ha-  certainly  tending  to  secure  ihoriapoeeh- 
cerata,  and  a  third  the  Segnstura  of  es,  and  allow  very  little  rhetoric. 
Rome.  If,  on  appeal,  the  first  decision  This  Hystem,  faulty  as  it  is,  cooU  ba 
be  enatained,  the  thing  is  settled  for  home  with,  were  it  not  that  in  all  erimi- 
0ver  ;  but,  if  it  is  teversed,  then  the  nal  offences,  the  suspected  person  may 
ease  is  carried  to  the  Segnatura,  whose  be  imprisoned  merely  on  tiupieititt,  ad 
basineee  it  is  to  decide  whether  further  indejinitum.  The  accused  may  Ian- 
prosecution  may  or  mav  not  be  permit-  gniah  hta  life  away,  withoat  the  power 
ted.  If  it  bedecided  that  the  auitina.y  of  briaging  his  case  to  trial.  Thia 
still  be  proaecDied,  it  goes  iota  the  Sa-  gives  to  those  exercising  aothority  tho 
era  Rnola,  formerly  the  Supreme  Court  power  of  shutting  up  in  prison  an  eaa- 


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ia  their  ws;,  vrjEhout  utswering  for  il    appeal  gnuted. 


Z 


to  *»j  Mithly  iiiboDal.    Under  siiDh  a  We  bave  eztesded  this  utide  M 

•m,  there  oan  be  no  end  or  liinit*  to  much  fHrther  tbui  we  SBtioipated,  that 

__._   injuatioe   that   mtj  be   piuLised.  we  can  gire  bat  a  ward  to  tlie  aobjeOt 

The  poor  are  perfectly  in  the  powei  of  of  Education.    The  edncaiioDal  ^b- 

tbe  public  officers,  to  be  used,  flight-  tern  of  the  Papal  Statte  is  dirided  into 

ened,  or    iuiprisonod,    as    they    like,  three    parts ;    Unireraities,    Bisb^i^ 

What  makes  it  still  worse  is,  that  meo  scbools,  snd  eonnnon  sobools.     Tba 

MBimprtsoned  ontheslishtsst  oITeiiceB,  eliaiscter  of  the   UoiTerBtUes  is  wtU 

while  bail   ia  net er   allowed.      This  known ;  the  Bishops'  schools  answer 

keeps  the  prisons  choked  with  Ticiims,  sonewbat  in  rank  to  otu  academies, 

and  the  itmocent  man  is  more  likely  to  and   the  parish  schools  are  aimilai  t* 

stay  there  than  the  guilty,  for  his  aa-  out  own,  except  that  tha  edocatiim  is 

ensar  will  not  be  inolioed  to  risk  his  cliiefly    rsligioua.  \  The    GorenMcot 

olisntetsl,  or  expose  bis   tyranCiy,  by  fsntiEhea   the   oeans   of  edneatioii   to 

aUowioff  the  man  he  has  injured  to  ap-  about  o«e  in  fifly  of  the  entire  tK^wla- 

pear  in  tiis  own  defence.    It  ia  a  btun'  tion.    About  thiee-foarlhs  of  tfae  ehib- 

ing  disgtftee  to  the  admiaisiration  of  dren  of  Rome  reeeire  gralniioua  in- 

^e  Pa^  Slates,  that  this  injustice  is  straction  ;  and  there  sie  378  eouBKn 

•llowed  to  exist.     Tfae  practical  results  aohools  in  the  city,  containing  id  aK 

al  so  lile  a  system  are  such  as  one  14,000  scholars.     Parish    priests  ar« 

woald  expect.      It  ia  estimated  that  the  teachers,  asd  corporeal  p    '  ' 


6000  ar«  imprisoned  in  the  Papal  States  is  stric^y  forbidden.     There  is  DO  wo- 

QTerr  year,  whieh  is  about  one  to  er ery  vision     far   edooating    (he    females. 

fiMinuHdred  and  ffly-five  of  the  entire  Those  of  tbs  higher  classes  go  ioto 

p<^tdation.     Crime,  or  uiynst  imprison-  the  conTeota,  while  the  poor  are  tui^M 

vent,  mtist  be  ft«qnent,  to  have  one  out  in  some  of  the  charilahle  institutioaai 

«f  every  five  hundrsd  and  fifty  see  the  called  CanBerrstori.     Edneatioa  is  ia 

innda  oi  a  prisoii  aaauatly.  a  low  state,  and  the  igtMranoe  of  the 

In  addition  to  the  Courts  ws  have  poor  most  deplonble. 
BSOtieiMd,     are    the      Ecoteuaetical        In  the  ^nve  article  we  have  bad  IM 

Coarta,  whose  duty  it  is  to  decide  on  reference  to  the  Catholio  religioDi  fanc 

all  natters  that  come  uoder  the  juris-  have  »poken  of  the  Pope's  dominiaM 

dietioa  of  the  eburcb.    The  chief  Ea>  aa  a  politieal  State  ;  giving  simpjy  >a 

deataslieal  Court  is  the  Pecitenziers,  outline  of  its  civil  and  municipal  inmi~ 

«■    Secret  Ipqnisition,   composed    of  tutions,  and  the  manner  in  whicb  As 

lIuTtwB  Cardiaals,  one  acting  as  Pre-  governiaent  is  carried  on. 
sidetrt,  and  a  prelate  acting  as  assessor. 


■r  ELiiAs  BTH  B.  Biaarrr. 
Wrat  are  we  sst  on  earth  for !    Say,  to  toil — 
Nor  seek  to  leave  the  tending  of  the  vines, 
For  all  the  heat  o'  the  day,  tul  it  decliues, 
And  Death's  mild  curfew  shall  from  work  assoU. 
God  did  anoint  thee  with  bis  odorous  oil. 
To  wrestle,  not  to  reigo  ;  and  Ue  assigns 
All  thy  tears  over,  like  pure  cryBtallieeB, 
For  younger  fellow-workers  of  the  soil 
To  wear  for  amulets.     So  otbera  shall 
Take  patience,  labor,  to  their  heart  and  hands. 
From  thy  hands,  and  thy  heart,  and  thy  brave  cheer. 
And  God's  grace  fructify  ifaron^h  thee  to  all. 
The  least  flower,  with  a  brimming  cup,  may  stand, 
And  share  its  dew-drop  with  anouier  near. 


=1  Google 


SUMMER  LOVE. 

TaiRB  wu  a  joalb  who  IWed  beneath  the  sun 
TbBt  streams  upon  the  balmy  Indian  shore, 

Among  all  fairest  jouths  the  faireat  one 

That  roamed  its  hill-sidei  and  aaTaoDBha  o'er. 

Id  a  few  Buniiner  monthi  his  conrse  was  tun, 
And  ne'er  returned  that  gtacefnl  footstep  more ; 

Ov«r  that  silent  life  my  thought  has  bent. 

And  bailded  to  its  &me  an  unknom  monumept. 

If  what  thereaa  is  carved  may  pleasure  thee, 

A  deeper  beauty  muat  it  ever  wear ; 
Within  me  it  is  reared  so  ouiiously — 

Half  crowned  with  memory  and  wreathed  with  c: 
Not  of  mine  own,  but  spirits  tenderly 

FreaerTs  a  feeble  form  when  Lore  ia  there  ; 
He  was  my  friend,  (hough  we  each  other  knew 
Without  famUiar  inteiconrae,  as  spirits  do. 

Hia  hce  was  very  fair  ;  hit  large  ealia  eyas. 

Not  all  anlighted  with  a  ailent  fire. 
Lay  as  in  some  awset  b«wet  of  surprise, 

With  a  full  BBDse  of  beauty  growing  nigher, 
A«  who  eniraitced  ahould  see  Sie  morning  liae. 

And  the  cool  atars  in  deeper  light  expire ; 
His  words  were  few — tbea  first  it  seemed  to  me 
Why  o'er  the  watery  deep,  God  brooded  silently. 

Hia  wwidrmis  beauty  araoog  other  men 

Won  fat  hia  brow  the  golden  crown  of  praise, 

For  when  one  looked  at  him,  he  looked  again. 
Noting  bis  graceful  carriage  and  hia  wsya ; 

Not  ahvays  some  withoat  a  lenae  of  pain. 


And  women  looked  at  him  with  peaceful  heart. 
As  on  a  summer  landscape,  not  to  be 

With  cmel  aeiGshnesa  withheld  apart. 
To  aome  dim  home  a  honsehold  melody; 

For  hii  full  life,  unmoulded  by  low  art, 
Flowed  largely  out  like  the  unmeaaured  sea. 

And  a  deep  health  to  them  hia  presence  bote, 

Aa  when  they  saw  the  ooean  rolling  to  the  shore. 

We  met  as  strangera  meet ;  aeareely  a  word 
Waa  spokeu  by  us,  but  our  glances  fell 

Upon  each  other,  and  our  hearts  were  alirrad. 
Though  of  that  motion  he  did  never  tell, 

Yet  the  coal  silence  from  bis  features  heard 
What  words  had  never  spoken  half  so  well. 

The  air  was  wanned  by  those  heart-gushing  twantt. 

And  flowed  with  freer  tide  Ufe'a  hidden  atmins. 


I  =y  Google 


Stimmtr  Lavt' 

Tet  Minetmiea  1  would  fsio  )»Te  told  to  him, 
What  plewant  paiii  be  woke  within  mj  bteut ; 

I  B*zed  upon  bim  liU  my  eyes  were  dim. 
Then  his  remembrance  was  the  charm  of  reat ; 

He  waa  m  one  who  slogeth  &  far  bynui, 
EInding  ever,  yet  eoticing,  quest. 

I  WMted  eftgetl;,  bat  could  Dot  g&se. 

With  burning  earnestness  upon  that  placid  face. 

He  left  his  home  while  yet  his  years  were  few. 
And  euTtest  hopes  were  wove  like  silken  saile. 

The  soundless  ocean-paths  to  wafl  him  through, 
FillM  quite  out,  for  prayers  are  fav'ring  g^a. 

He  sought  the  nonh  while  aammer  yet  was  near. 
And  later  spring-time  told  its  sunny  tales, 

Twa*  then  I  saw  him  first,  and  only  then; 

Silent  we  parted  theio  and  met  no  more  again. 

In  the  still  fragrance  of  the  summer  honra, 
I  sat  alone  and  dreamed  what  we  misht  be, 

Fair  dreams  Ibac  wreathed  ray  beating  brow  with  fli 
Culled  from  the  garden  of  dim  fantasy. 

I  lived  the  future  in  those  golden  bowers. 


That  he  conid  not  be  fair,  as  him  of  whom  1  drbimed. 

I  said  we  parted  and  my  eyes  no  more 
Revelled  amid  such  beauty'a  fairy  prime ; 

With  willmg  gaze  he  saw  his  native  share, 
Heard  with  deep  Joy  the  old  accostomed  etume. 

That  knelled  soon  his  pale,  cold  body  o'er. 
In  the  wan  dying  of  the  smniner  time. 

My  heart  was  very  calm,  when  it  was  said 

That  the  young  atianger  in  his  island  heme  wm  dead. 

My  heart  was  calm,  but  evermore  a  fitir 
And  shadowy  presence  atieamad  my  life  around. 

Like  the  faint  perfume  of  the  morning  air. 
Sweetened  fy  early  flowers  or  sprmg  birds'  aonnd. 

But  never  early  Bowers  or  apring  bird  there 
Amid  the  dewy  freshness  oanH  found. 

Ah  !  might  1  speak  the  thought  that  1  would  say ! 

When  the  deep  founts  are  fUl,  the  waters  eUi  away. 

Tis  pietnred  here,  that  calm  majeaiic  face, 
Informed  with  beauty  which  the  aoul  confers. 

His  motions  liquid  with  a  floniog  grace. 
As  when  the  wooing  wind  the  tall  tree  stirs. 

The  heart  outlookiog  with  a  regal  ^aze. 
Like  a  true  king  upon  his  worabippers. 

The  Indian  boy  deeps  silent  o'er  the  sea, 

"  Q  a  gentle  spirit  glides  with  me. 


lizcdbyGoOl^Ic 


IBt*.}  Ptrtito't  C*ItnHto#. 


PERSiCO'S  COLUMBUS. 

Oom  lart  Number  eonuised  &  j*pa  idioM  retohd  have  changed  Ibe  cW- 

fisiB  k  Yihted  eoutribmtor,  Mr,  Alex*  acter  knd  condition  of  the  world.    The 

>ader  H.  Eveiett,  devoted  to  one  noble  wondering  beholder  in  irreaiBtiblr  im< 

pndoctton  of  the  cbiMl,  with  which  preued  with  all  the  higher  focnities  of 

the  fedeta]  Capitol  ha*  beea  recentlj  patient  endoruice,  el«*ated    pnrpoae, 

adorned,  Greenong-h'a  colowal  etatoe  diicnminating  jndj^ent,  and  the  well 

of  Washington.     At    the    period    at  balanced    apirit   of  reiolntion  and  of 

wtiieh  the  aceompliehed  writer  waa  U  eontummation    whieh    are    developed 

Waehinpon,  gasing  npon  the  wotIc  to  and  hannonized  in  the  head  of  Colum- 

whicb  it  waa  a  grateful  taak  i«  reader  bna.    Mied, majeaty  and  grandeur  per- 

ha  Jnat  meed  it  praiae,  another  glo-  vade,  and  thoagbt  aeema  to  niter  the 

riooa  peifomuDce  in  the  aame  glorioua  poetical  realiaaiion  of  all  thq  principlea 

an  had  not  ][et  been  ereeted  to  ita  at  wfaieh  an  ignvraat  world  liad  scoffed. 

placet  M>d  exhibited  to  the  public  eye.  One  ia  not  ■pproached  as  with  etatuuj 

We  lefer  to  Pemco's  mop  of  Cotnm-  generally.and  ether  works  of  the  aame 

bne  and  a  female  Indiao,  with  which  soolptor  which  stand   near    by    (the 

(be  east  part  of  the  Capitol  is  now  stainea  of  Pccce  and  War,  eminentl; 

adorned.     Hod  it  then  boen  visible,  it  distingnished  for  ability),  fail  in  the 

wonld  not  have  fuled  to  receive  from  effect  of  this  compcaition. 

the  suae  elegant  and  ^rscefnl  pen  a  "  In  Columbus,  there  ia  an  eloquent 

Dotiee  better  worthy  of  its  merita,  than  and  toaehing  appeal  to  the  feelings,  an 

tlut  whidi  we  now  hasten  with  [JMaure  enersy  of  character,  and  an  emotion 

n  anp^ly.  which  excites  and  moves,  which  per- 

>     !.._«! __.. 1_...  ■_  -■__  ,uajei  to  esteem,  and  carries  recoUeo- 

tion  along  through  the  dark  chamber* 

Coinotding  aa  his  views  do  for  the  of  five  cenlurjea,  placing  ns,a8  it  were, 

■KMt  part  vrith  ont  own,  we  cheerfaily  &ee  to  face,  with  a  oommcn  aneeator, 

adopt  in  quoting  them  r  ^istioguiahed  bejond  the  men  of  his 

"  By  far,  the  greatest  object  ef  at-  time,  and  foremoat  in  the  march  of 

tnetiun  and  admiration  at  Washington  civilisation   and    Chriatisnitv.      Even 

is  Penieo'a  laat  and  best  work,  the  Ihia  generation,  in  the  mind  a  eye,  haa 

Discoverer  and  Diaeovered  of  Ameriea,  formed  a  felloivship  with  the  man  and 

whieh   now  oeenpiea    its    permanent  bis  a^e ;  and  the  prompting;,  both  of 

resting-place,  in  rtoot  of  the  eaatem  affection  nnd  reverence,  urge  the  Ame- 

portico  of  the  Capitol  bnilding.     As  a  rican  heart,  as  it  expands  in  glowing 

work  of  art,  of  prcdific  genina,  of  in-  homage  to  the  discoverer  of  a   Cont^ 

tellectnal   conception,  of  precise   and  nent,  desijjpied  as  the  experiment  and 

admirable  execaiion,  thia  groap,  eon-  perpetuation  of  free  institutiona. 

■iBting  of  Colnmbua,  at  the  moment  be  "  The  Indian  figure  is  of  exliaordi- 

Nalicee  his  theory  of  the  rotundity  of  nary  ease  and  most  pleasing  attitude, 

the  earth,  whieh  ia  aimpty  yet  beauti-  She  ia  unnoticed  by  Columbus,  bot  is 

Ally  illostrated  by  the  globe  held  forth  herself  alarmed  at  the  advent  of  this 

trinroptiantly  in  the  right  hand,  and  the  mailed  discoverer.    Every  characteris- 

ilgare  of  an  Indian  female,  startled  at  tie  feature  of  that  peculiar  race  is  most 

die  approach  of  the  bold  adventurer,  appropriately  blended  and  developed  in 

pMseirts  no  entire  picture,  unequalled  the  lineaments  and  symmetry  of  this 

to  graee,  and  unapproached  in  majesty,  animated  marble ;  and  the  combiDatioii 

by  anything  which  native  or  foreign  is  so  perfect,  and  the  scene  ao  real  lo 

talent  aSbrde  in  the  public  or  private  the  active  mind,  that  it  wants  but  a 

coUeetione  of  the  country.    The  anist  Prometheos  to  act  the  machine  of  life 

haa  graeped  the  hiatory  of  the  man,  in  motion.    Ignorartce,  aa  uaual,  has 

his  undismayed  courage  amidst  all  vi-  become  quite  offended  at  the  indelicacy 

eiaaitndeB,  the    providential  mklance  of  this  flgnre,  because  the  drapery  haa 

whieh  overruled  his  destiny,  ue  great  fallen  nauirally  and  gracefully  at  Um 
^m  and  the  beginning  of  an  smerpiise,   insiant  of  faei  stuprise,  which  ^scOTera 


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H                                        Perueo't  CWumiuf .  V^fyi 

propoTtians  that  prndu  think  ougfat  to  Thete  ia  but  one  mistake  which  it  ia 
M  baDdaged  up  with  ^reat  oare,  and  DVceaaaTj  to  coireot  in  tbe  above, 
eonoealed  from  obaeiTalion.  Saoh  ridi-  The  author  haii  after  all  but  imperfectly 
coloua  pratensions  to  deeenoj  and  deli-  conceiTed  the  true  sraodear  of  tim 
cae;  bave  too  often  oKt  tbe  Tsbtik«  idea  of  the  artist.  Its  miin  point  Ja 
they  deaerTC,  to  requite  either  ar^-  this — that  Columbus  is  auppoaed  to  be 
iMiiC  or  cenatue  bow.  Sin  and  crime  looking  towards  Europe  frooi  the  New 
are  meaaurad  b;  the  degree  of  inleniion  World  of  whii.h  be  has  jiut  coosou- 
which  iuQueaces  the  act ;  and,  in  the  mated  the  discoverr  ;  and  in  that  New 
taoial  woiEd,  Duritj  oonsista,  not  in  the  World,  from  the  Capitol  of  the  great 
obseiranca  of  a  coaventional  code,  or  Ameiiaan  Union,  the  spot  whii^  ma; 
the  edicts  of  morbid  aociety,  hiii  in  the  be  regarded  as  the  moat  inteoae  con- 
heart,  and  iha  inner  temple  of  all  tbings  oentiatioa,  lo  a  ainglo  point,  of  ths 
sacred.  Tbe  female,  of  proper  capa-  whole  idea  of  the  daatinj  of  the  New 
city  and  edncation,  who  would  except  Continent,  both  as  to  ita  own  incalcuhv- 
to  the  simple  and  graceful  postnre  of  bla  future  and  as  to  tits  reaction  of  its 
this  unpolished  but  honest  Indian,  has  influence  on  the  test  of  the  world. 
much  need  to  ciamiae  ber  own  con-  From  this  spot,  erect  in  an  attitude  of 
science,  leit  association  and  tbe  liberal  gnnd  and  glorious  exullati«q,  with  tlw 
doctrioea  of  bshionable  life  hare  mis-  figure  advanced  as  in  an  eager  uneal 
led  her  judgment  and  shaken  ber  ^in-  to  the  attention  of  tbe  old  world  to 
ciples  J  ano  the  more  fastidious,  and  which  be  addresses  the  triumph  of  hia 
less  intellectual,  will  see  in  thi*  picture  d^iionsiratioa,  he  thus  eibibits,  majse- 
a  lesson  of  nature  in  its  primitive  beau-  tically  silent,  in  the  globe  held  high 
tj,  greatij  in  contrast  with  the  vulgar  aloft  in  his  right  hand,  hia  reply  to  all 
and  loathing  accomplu/mitnti  of  the  ths  sneers  of  incredulity,  and  tbe  per- 
toilet,  so  pruminenlty  elaborate  is  them-  aecuLiona  of  malignity,  with  which  his 
selves,  outraging  every  notion  of  pro-  wild  and  visionary  projects  had  been 
ptieiy,  and  utterly  at  war  with  the  sen-  received.  Some  acconnts  we  hav« 
timents  of  a  truly  virtuous  woman.  In  >e«n  of  the  group  aasnme  that  it  te- 
the  whole  work,  there  is  everything  to  presents  Columbus  na  in  tbe  act  of 
admire  and  nothing  to  condemn.  It  is  landing  on  tbe  shores  of  the  New 
sablimo  wiihout  pretension  and  great  World.  This  is  a  total  misconoeption, 
without  effort.                                          *  as  the  view  of  the  writer  from  wfaom 

"  The  marble  used  in  this  work  was  we  have  quoted  is  an  imperfect  concep- 

lakeo  from  the  recently  opened  quarry  lion,  of  the  sculptor's  sublime  design- 

of  La  Psila,  at  Sira-Verra,  between  Manifest  as   tbe   whole   story   of  lb» 

Pisa  and  Carrara,  about  twenty  miles  group  is  upon  ita  surbee,  we  are  only 

distant  Irom  tbe  latter.    It  differs  from  surptiaed  that  this  explaoatioB  sbould 

the    Carrara    marble,    of    which    the  be  necessary  to  any  beholder. 

Statues  of  Peace  and  War  are  com-  The  female  Indian  figure  by  tlie  aiite 

posed,    being     harder,    whiter,    more  of   Columbus    la   wonhy   of   no    leas 

trsn^arent  and  impervious  to  almos-  praise.     The  two  together  well  r^re- 

pherio  action,  for  which  quality  it  was  aenl   tbe  roesting  of  the  two  races ; 

selected.     Tranipareitcy  seems  a  sin-  and  at  the  same  time  that  the  selection 

gular  expression  la  apply  to  a  heavy  of  the  female  sex  for  the  Indian  allows 

bedy  of  marble,  but  it  requites  on!/  lo  tbe  aoulpior  to  odd  to  the  general  ef- 

be   studied   under   the   influence   of  s  feet  of  the  whole  oil  the  cbaim  an4 

vertical  sun,  to  realiie  the  life-bestaw'  grace  of  womanly  lovdiness,  a  just 

mg  lustre  which  it  sheds  not  only  upon,  idea  is  exhibited,  in  its  compaiativa 

But  thraugk  tbe  figures.  physical  weakness  and  manifest  moral 

"  Peraico  was  employed  five  years  and  intoiiectual  inferiority,  of  the  nui- 

npon  this  creation  of  his  genius,  and  tual  relation  of  the  two  raees  as  tbay 

the  loarble  was    tranaported    to    hia  are  for  the  first  time  brought  into  cnn- 

stndio  in  Naples,  a  distance  of  TOO  tact.    Intent  on  the  mighty  thoughts 

utiles   from  the   quarry.     The   armor  with  whieb  his  great  heart  ia  sweUiDE 

upon  the  statue  of  Columbus,  is  accu-  — ihoughia  which  deal  with  worlds  SM 

rale   to   a  rivet,  having  been   copied  ages — the  Columbus  pays  no  bead  ta 

from  a  suit  in  the  palace  of  the  de-  tbe  half- frightened,  hal^adoring  fonn, 

acendsnis  of  the  Discoverer,  at  Gnea.  which,  front  beside  him,  is  gasing  up 

The  ce»  of  Ihe  groap  is  $30,000."         in  beauUful  wonder  on   tb 


rioogic 


MM.}  JTmtUy  JVimhcmI  nd  Cotmiureial  ArtiOt,  ffj 

■ttuger  who   Iim  dMconded    like  a  lime  mononimt  to  thg  mwmarf  of  tho 

iBTOluioo   rrom   hea*ea.     The  whole  aoulplor   whom   it  has  placed   ia   the 

WMieptiun  is  truly  great ;  its  esecutioe  taij  front  rank  of  tbe  ut  of  bU  age. 
Mniute ;  and  it  will  coaatitute  a  auh. 


UONTHLY  FINANCIAL  AND  COMMERCIAL  ARTICLE. 

T>a  marketa  continoe  to  erince  the  of  comnMree  id  the  Umob.  Prieea  of 
yragieaa  of  that  apecalatioo  caDaequeat  all  desctiptiona  of  goods  fell,  and  money 
■pon  the  violent  chanm  in  the  ehan-  beeanM  a  perfect  drug.  Mercantile 
nele  of  buaineM,  caused  by  the  ruthless  enierprise  had  besn  oruahed,  trad^ 
and  sudden  increase  of  the  tariff  from  a  paralyzed,  and  there  was  no  emploj* 
lange  of  30  to  35  per  cent.  The  cum-  menl  fur  money.  In  the  meantime, 
promise  act  of  lb32  provided  fur  a  by  the  process  of  cnnsompiioa  with 
gTadntJ  reduction  of  the  then  level  of  small  tappltea,  the  stocks  of  goods  on 
ostiea,  from  3S  per  cent,  to  20  per  the  aca-boaid  and  in  the  towns  of  the 
cent.,  in  a  period  of  ten  jears,  which  interioi  became  greatly  reduced ;  gra- 
waa  a  time  aufficiently  short  in  order  dually,  the  actual  wants  of  the  people 
Wt  to  disturb  the  interests  which  had  leading  to  new  purchases,  prices  hegan 
^wn  np  under  the  high  tariff,  or  to  to  advance,  and  they  new  feel  the  full 
iBJnre  the  espital  whicE  by  its  opera-  weight  of  the  tariff  as  we  illustrated  in  . 
tioti  had  been  drawn  into  particular  our  Number  for  May,  in  the  article  of 
pursuits.  When  the  unconstitutional  iron,  whioh  has  egam  considerably  ad* 
and  impolitic  principle  of  protection  vsnced.  The  effect  of  the  stagnation 
had  once  been  adopted,  it  was  in  some  of  trade  caused  by  the  sudden  raising 
degree  due  to  the  Innocent  third  par-  of  the  lariB",  was  unqnestionably  the 
ties,  who  bad  availed  themselves  of  its  accumuktiun  of  idle  capital.  This  mo- 
Hppoaed  bane&ta,  that  time  sboold  he  ney  for  a  length  of  time  remained  un- 
lives them  to  escape  the  evils  of  a  employed,  but  gradually  stimulated  a 
new  ohsa^e  in  policy.  The  justice  of  great  speculation  in  slocks.  Had  the 
diis  principle  was  admitted  and  gene-  public  credit  of  the  several  States  been 
lallj  acquiesced  in  by  the  adoption  of  unimpaired  and  the  fearful  disasters  in 
the  oompromiae  act  providing  fur  bien-  the  stock  market  not  of  so  recent  a 
aial  and  small  reductions,  until  the  date,  there  is  nu  doubt  but  one  of  lh« 
fenaral  level  of  30  per  cent,  was  greatest  bubbles  the  world  has  ever 
nached  in  1842.  In  that  period  great  witnessed  would  now  be  in  active  pro- 
oommercial  interest*  had  sprnng  up,  ceesof  inflation;  as  it  is,  the  abundance 
and  vast  capitals  were  employed  in  the  of  money  has  promoted  scenes  of  specn- 
eommerce  of  the  country,  gradually  latian,  which,  had  they  been  predicted 
increasing  under  the  descending  scale  twelve  months  since,  would  have  heen 
of  dotie*.  In  the  new  revision  of  the  considered  as  hut  the  Tisiona  of  lunacy. 
tariff,  no  thuaght  and  no  heed  was  Stocks  of  the  most  worthless  deecrip- 
given  to  the  wsote  and  wishes  itf  this  Jion  rise  in  price  several  per  cent,  in  % 
lai-ge  class,  bnt  in  40  days  the  duty  day,  and  continns  lo  advance,  although 
wsa  raised  from  30  to  36  per  cenk,  admitted  on  all  sides  to  be  petfecuy 
being  to  the  eame  level  from  which,  to  worthless.     This  is  the  natural  eflsel 

CDleet  manufacturers,  ten  ^eais   had  of  forcibly  throwing  money  by  process 

en  allowed  for  the  reduction.     The  of  law,  out  of  the  regular  cbanneli  of 

iaiaeliea  of  such  incoiuidetaie  legisla-  busineas  and  compelling  it  to  find  em- 

tion  is  aelf-evident,  and  its  effects  are  ploymeot   even    in  the   demonliaing 

■ow  beginning  to  be  felt.    The  first  speeulatkona  of  the  stock  mailet.    If 

MM  of  these  high  dutiea  was  marked  fromthepresentlariffofSSperceoL  the 

aj  a  perfect  atagnation  of  trade,  a  great  dutiea  should  be  immediatf'y  taken  off 

(timiBotioa  of  revenue,  and  an  acenmu-  and  entire  free  trade  adojAed,  pnibaMj 

iMioB  of  capital  at  all  the  great  MDiros  aorae  •^0,000,000  of  espilsl  now  em- 

'"■  "-"'"■  ■•"'"■      '  Googk 


98  Honthly  Fiaaneiat  and  Commtreiat  ArlicU.  V^Tt 

plojrei]  in  inaiiiirBi^tDrinK  would  be  with-  ft  loan  of  9500,000,  6  p^r.ceot.,  Ift 

drkwn,  and  remnin  idle  iinul  dissemL'  years  to  run  at  ll  per  c«lut.  prEoiium, 

asied  in  the  nhannels  uf  trade.     In  the  to  pay  cuntiactuia,  lieing  pari  uf  iii« 

meantime  the  efTurts  of  lis  ownere  to  eoOO.OOOautliurjlt'dat  Iheaieseseiua; 

make  it  tempotarily  productive,  wuuld  one  yar  since,  a  bI^  per  cent,  stuck  of 

foBler  JmraeDse  speculation.     The  sud-  the  same  tenor  brought  9.25  per  cent, 

deo  advaoce  in  the  tariif  haa  had  the  premium.      Ttae   cquiraleol   in   a   aix 

lame  eSecc  upon  capital  employed   in  per  cent,  stock  for  a  fire  per  cenL  at 

IrtuJe   and   commerce.     The   tans'  of  1}  premium  would   be   113,  hence  ths 

IS38  produced  the  same  result.     Capi-  Talue  of  New  Yurk  stock   within  the 

tal   accumulated,   and  stimulated    into  jear  has  advanced   10.5  per  cent.     If 

life  those  speculations,  which,  assisted  we  Iwik  back   at  the  terms  at  which 

S  other  causes,  swelled  until  the  ex-  New  Yuik  slock  have  been  negotiated, 

)sinn  dishonored  ten  sovereign  States  we  shall  have  a  good  index  of  the  sUtU 

of  (he  Union.  of  the  money  market  al  different  per^ 

The  State  of  New  York  has  obtained  ods,  as  follows : 

ERMS    OH    WHICH    THB    HEW  TORX    CANAL    DEBT    WAB    COKTEACTCD,  WITH    THI 
TALUS  or  THE  BT0C8  TO  TWU>  PITE  PBR  CENT. 


% 


an.Hi 
xo,aa 
n.na 
M3.tm 


In  1840,  under  tlie  influence  of  dia-  portion   of  those  stocks  sobseqnenl);' 

credit,  the  &  per  cent,  stock  sold  at  17  tecams    worthless,   and    the    preMOt 

per  cent,  below  its  actual  value.     The  speculationa  thus  far  ran  more  int(>  lb« 

rate  of  interest  was  then  raised  to  fl  resusoilsuun  of  (hose  stooks  than  Iho 

per  cent.,  which   sold,  in   liMS,   I3'4  creation  of  new  ones.     Sohscriptiona 

per   cent,    below  its   actual   value,  to  for  two  impoflant  niilroadB  are,  how- 

yield  5  per  cent,  during  the  time  it  had  ever,  in  prioress  of  filling  tip.     Th« 

to  run.     At  that  time  the  first  move-  Erie   Railroad  and  a  road  to  coorkect 

meni  towards  a  restoration  of  credit  of  the  New  Haren  and  Hartford  Railroad 

the  Union  was  made  in  (he  Legislature  with   the   New  York   line.     A  charter 

of  New  York,  by  the  impiwition  of  the  for  this  company,  with  a  capital  not  to 

mill  tax,  and  stopping  the  issue '  of  esL'eed  $3,000,000,  has  reaenily  been 

ttonb.     Il  appears,  then,  from  depre-  obtained  from  the  Le^islatnre  uf  Con- 

eiuian  the  v^ua  of  New  York  stocks  necticut.     This    road,   by   cooneoting 

his   risen    to    the    level    they  occu-  with  the  Harlem,  will  throw  open  ta 

pied  in  leSR,  when  the  accDmuh  tion  o^  this  city  a  comraunieatirm  with  the  ex- 

capital  consequent  npon  the  ennrmoua  tensive  chain  nf  railroads  crossing  New 

tariff  of  thai  jear,  commenced  sLimu-  England  in  every  direction,  and  wliicli 

lating  speculation.     In  1830  it  appears,  having  cost  some  831,000,000,  com. 

Mder  its  influence.  New   York  S  per  mand  a  business  which  yields  from  4 

cents,  had  risen  to  over  10  per  cent,  to  5  per  cent,  per  annum. 

prenihim,BndintB33,lhey  commanded  The   Erie   Railroad,   built   bj  indi- 

I7'&l  per  cent,  premium.     The  enor-  vidua!  enterprise,  will  undiiubiedly  b« 

tonus  p'ices  for  sinck  generaMy  indl-  a  work  of  vast  importance,  but  is  likely 

eaied  in  tint  value  fiir  Now  York  Fives,  to  exercise  a  material  iollaenoe  ojtOB 

led   l«   the  creation   of   an    immenBe  the  finances  of  the  State.     Commnai- 

amonnt   of   ainch   of   all   descripliona  eating  with  Lake  Erie  at  a  point  which 

iMuiulwitntBd  \t  obU.     a  large  pro-  will  cemmaad  the  trade  earlier  in  thn 


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1844.]  Monthly  Fittaaeia!  and  Cimmeraat  Artiett.  M 

•pring  tnd  Itter  in  ths  fall  thin  tha  ttaDces  wbich  are  likeljto  affeet  oiKta* 
Caniil,  it  hu  the  adTaotaga  over  thai  rially  ths  levenuea  of  ihe  Eiie  Caoal, 
work  thai  it  will  be  vpen  the  year  mure  especially  when  we  consider  iha 
round,  and  while  the  aouLhern  cuuniiei  fact  aet  forth  in  the  able  repurt  of  thv 
will  always  have  free  access  tu  the  Canal  ComnuBsionera,  that  id  the  last 
citf ,  the  produce  of  the  tresiern  States  fire  jearB  there  has  been  actually  \  da- 
will  never  be  airesled  on  its  wa^  lo  crease  in  the  revenue  derived  from  iha 
market  by  sudden  frosl,  and  bo  obliged  produce  of  this  SlatP,  and  that  all  ths 
to  be  wintered  over,  at  great  expense,  increase  has  been  derived  from  the  pio- 
in  the  interior.  These  are  circuni'  dace  of  wesCetD  Stains,  as  follows: 
ToUl  IncreMeoftolli  on  Erie  Canal  for  Grefean,    ....      (1,730,TM 

locrewe  on  merebandiae, 1373,696 

InereaM  OB  prodaec  of  western  States       ....    1,534,987 


Deereaic  on  prodnels  oT  this  Slale, 77,929       1,730,754 

The  fact  is  here  evident,  ibkl  nolonlj  with  the  winding  up  of  the  pemieiona 

ioe»  sll  the  future  increase  of  the  Eria  iasues  of  paper  mune^  which  so  Iniif 

tolls  depend  upon  the  trade  ot  the  other  held  sway  in  the  agricultural  Stales; 

States,  but  that  a  large  portion,  near  30  with  the  cesealion  of  bank  loans,  fm- 

fet  cent  uf  present  revenues  are  de-  gality    returned,   and   the    avenues  of 

livable  from  that  aonree.     The   Erie  trade  poar  forth  wealth  in  quanlitieaof 

Railroad,  in  all  probability,  will  soon  be  unequalled   maiiniiude,  destroying  tbtt 

an  BGtiTB  and   efficient  compeliior  for  theory  that  banks  are  in  an^  way  m- 

that  business,  in  which  ease  the  pre»-  eeasary  to  the  developmetit  nf  the  ro- 

•nt  debt  uf  the  Slate  will  be  found  snf-  eonrces  of  the  country.     Money  was 

ficienlly  burdensorne  opon  our  farming  never  so  plenty  hi  all  sectinnt  as  now, 

iwpulation,  who  are  now  paying  a  di-  exchanges  »  regalar,  nor  the  means  of 

rent  tax  moailj  occasioned  by  the  large  retnitlanees  ao  plenty  and  cheap.     Ths 

loam  of  Slate  mooey  to  the  Erie  Rail-  only  drawback  upnn  the  prospects  of 

road,  and  eipended  in   the   canal  en-  the  country  is  the  destruction  of  for- 

largemenl,  for  no  other  purpose  than  ts  eign  trade,  which  took  place  last  year. 

<dme  their  own  produce  out  of  lb*  At-  This  reduced  our  exports  at  a  moment 

lantic   markets,    through    th»t   of  the  when  the  supplies  are  the  largest,  and 

competition   of   the   Western   States,  therefore  in  the  face  of  extieme  abua- 

Tbat  the  Slate  derivea  large  revenues  dance  of  miiney  caused  prices  of  pro- 

from  the  Western'radepouriugthroDgh  duoe  to  rule   lower  thao  ever,   white 

the  canal,  is  perlainly  a  maiierof  con-  those   of  imported   and   manufaelured 

eatDlatio",  were  it  not  evident  that  the  goods  are    exlravagsnlly   high.     Tht 

rger  those   revenues   are,  the   more  rapid  rise  in  prices  of  impoired  goods 

■evere  is  the  competition  with  which  has  Induced  large  imports,  and  the  ex- 

the  farmers  of  this  Slate  ha*a  to  con-  changes  have  risen  lo  a   height  whick 

tend.   Whenihatcompeiitionisbrooght  indicates  that  specie  will  speedily  go 

about  through  Individual  enterprise,  aa  abroad  in  payment,  notwithstandinglhat 

will   now  be  the  case  with  (he   Erie  'one  argument  used  in  ftvor  of  the  im- 

Hsilroad,  if  that  work  is  built  at  all,  poaition  of  the  Uriff  was,  that  it  would 

thfre  is  no  cause  of  complaint,  but  it  is  "  retain  specie  in  the  country." 

too  much  to  ask  of  the  agricultural  io-  The  renewal  of  the  charter  of  tha 

teretta   of  this   Slate,  that  they   luan  Bank   of  England,   which   expires  is 

their  money  for  faciliiaiiiig  an  opposi-  August  next,  is  attended  with  ohangM 

tion  lo  their  own  buaineas,  in  the  paper  system  of  England,  which 

The  progreas  of  business  in  all  sec-  will  have  an  influence  in  every  quarter 

tione  uf  the  c»uatry,  as  indicated  in  the  of  the  commercial  world.     At  the  last 

awelling    re*enoea   of    all   the   public  renewal   nf  the   charter,   which    tnok 

works,  continues  to  present   the  most  place  In  1833,  it  was  prorided  that,  apoo 

flattering   indieatiooa.      The   Western  one   year's  notice  being  given  within 

trade  parti ru la rty,  eiinces  an  unprece-  ail  raontha  afler  the  expiration  of  ih» 

denied  activity,  to  be  ascribed  chiefly  ten  years,   from  August   1,  1834,  snd 

to  the  absence  io  the  Weatem  States  the   payment   of  alt  sums  due  by  tha 

of  aUapeculative  action,  which  eeaaed  putilia  lo  the  Bank,  ths  chBiterod  priti-.--.               i. 

Coogie 


IM                      iffftfUy  f  JMMial  mut  CmmereM  ArlicU.  [Jnlr. 

kges  riiall  eeiM.  This  time  ia  now  Boon  became  apparpoi  that  the  hi^ 
rapidly  approaching,  but  it  i«  the  deter-  level  to  which  prices  hod  been  raised 
nination  of  goTernment  lo  renew  its  in  England  b;  the  free  dm  of  irra- 
prifilegea  for  ten  years  more,  under  deemable  paper  money,  how  little  in- 
certain  litnitalions,  producing  an  or-  convenience  soever  might  have  been 
ganic  change  in  ihe  system,  with  the  experienced  frum  it  while  conmereid 
view  of  limiting  the  Tacillaiiohs  of  pa-  Inlercuurse  wiih  oiher  nations  did  not 

Ser  money,  and  of  prevenling  an  inor-  exist,  would  be  fata!  to  hei  ascendencT 

inate  rise  in  prices  through  the  action  when   bronght   inio   contact   with   th« 

of  paper  money.     This  marks  an  era  specie    currencies    of    other   nationa. 

in   the  progress    of   the    commercial  Hence  (be  necessity  for,  and  the  paal 

world.     The  Bank  in  question  was  es-  sage   of.   Peel's   hill   of    1819,  which 

tablished   in    1694,  with   a   capital   of  restored    specie    payments    in    1691, 

£1,200,000,  which  was  loaned  to  the  thereby  reducing  the  value  of  ptoper- 

govetoroent  at   8   per   cent,    interest,  ty  and  the  range  of  prices  something 

This  wBStheciHnniencGment  orthe  fa-  nearer  to  the   level  of  those  of  oibet 

mous  paper  system,  which   has  aince  countries.    This  had  for  a  time  tbe  do- 

swelled  to  snch  enormous  magnitude  in  aired  eirect,and  in  some  degree  re«ored 

Ibe  shape  of  government  debts  in  ail  the  export  trade  of  Britain.     The  im- 


nationa  and  the  use  of  paper  money  in  provemont  of  other ,..^.  ,„  ui«ui.- 

Eogland  and  the  United  Slates.  The  Jactures  was  howaver  very  rapid,  and 
cause  of  the  creation  of  the  Bank  was  to  maintain  the  supremacy  of  England, 
the  poverty  of  tbe  government,  and  the  it  was  indtspens^le  to  reduce  the  coM  I 
almiMt  utter  imposaihility  of  supplying  of  production,  which  was  eOecled  part- 
Its  wBDim  by  means  of  taxation,  from  ly  hy  remuviitg  doties  upon  raw  mats- 
the  scarcity  of  money.  The  increase  rials  imported.  The  object  tbns  aougbt 
of  the  volume  of  the  cnrreocy  by  means  to  be  attained  w»s,  however,  frustratod 
of  paper,  by  adTancmg  prices,  enabled  by  the  expansive  nature  of  the  curren- 
tke  government  to  cidtect  its  taxes  cy,  which,  alihough  oonverlible  into 
freely  and  to  swell  its  reve«,es  to  an  coin,  wss  capable  of  a  great  eipansioo, 
■Jmoat  limiileas  extent.  Ftom  a  reve-  which  raifiiog  prices,  caused  an  expMt 
jiae  of  a.  few  thousand  pounds  only  in  of  bullion  that  undermined  the  fiibtic 
1884,  the  government  waa  enabled  to  and  produced  a  revulsion  that,  followed 
■well  lis  expecdiiuie  to  XlOO,OOO.Oao  by  ^  short  harvest,  threatened  bauk- 
W  1815,  by  means  of  the  operation  of  rnptcy.  This  was  peculiarly  the  ca« 
raper.  The  gtios  of  Waletloo,  white  in  five  years,  ending  in  1838.  DotiiM 
they  dispelled  the  war  clouds  that  for  that  period  of  time  the  eipaasioo  Tt 
cenloriea  had  hung  over  the  continent,  bank  currency  had  been  verr  aroat 
Sigoalucd  the  approaching  eod  of  the  and  tl)e  general  level  of  prices  hwt 
ijaper  system.  Up  lo  that  time,  Eng-  risen  at  an  average  about  36  per  cent 
laud,  by  her  superior  advantages,  had  causing  large  imports  and  greatly  di- 
eojoyed  a  monopoly  of  manufacturing  minishing  the  exports,  by  which  meuM 
for  the  markets  of  the  world.  Her  ex-  the  bullion  in  the  Bank  had  been  great- 
ports   could  not  be  supplied   bo   well  ly  reduced,  at  the  same  time  the  faai  I 

.from  any  other  quarter,  and  sales  of  her  vests   having   been  good,   ihe   foieiim 

manufactures  were  made  ^most  at  hef  com   trade  had   ceased      The   inov« 

.ownprices.  When,  however,  the  peace  ment   ia   seen   in   the   following  table 

Of  EBrope  became  establiahed,  ide  in-  which  expresses  the  quantity  of  wheat 

dDstry  of  nations  received  anew  direc-  in  quarters  imparled  into  England  in 

don,  active   competiiion    to    English  each  year,  and  ihe  amount  of  ballion 

.nanufactureB  started  into  life,  and  it  held  by  the  Bank  at  different  limes. 
wi-OBT  or  WHiiT  nrro  BNei^D  for  bitbbai,  veahs,  ash  thb  biii.lios  in  Tm 
r«r.    yntuunei.              ^"^^  ''•"■  wt™itap,-d.  B»!iioni, 

IS32        320,43S  £6,283,160  1B38      JMUABODec'SO  fot^Bfita 

1834  64,653  9,948,000  IS40      ],993JS7  '   Jfl^'S! 

1835  30,664  7,06O,OC0  1W2      2!668  061  lOflMDBD 
183T       244^19                   4.04SJX0           1843        "mjt^  IJtmC 

."Google 


1841.]  JtfmfUy  Fauneiat  and  Conuiureial  Articit.  191 

Itapp«ftl«thatffOml8311oIB37,  b1-  llaUe  to  fluctuate,  sliall  riM  and  ftS 
though  DO  wheat  wu  imported,  the  eiictlj  in  proportiun  aa  the  apecie  ia 
bulliiH)  io  the  Bank  ran  down  from  the  Bank  increases  ur  diminithea.  7^ 
£9,0(K},000  to  jCt.OOO.OOO ;  when  the  attain  ibie  abject,  the  Bank  uf  Englsnl 
Bank,  becoiuing  alarmed,  powerfully  is  divided  into  two  parts  ;  one  of  iania, 
curuiled  its  circulation,  and  brought  and  the  ulher  to  conduct  Ihe  ordinatr 
back  to  its  vaults  a  large  amount  of  banking  business.  All  the  bullion  heli 
bullion,  in  1S38:  when,  the  harvest  by  the  institutioo,  is  to  be  transferced 
beitig  short,  1,241,400  qrs.  of  wheat  to  the  isauins  dapartuient,  which  shall 
were  imported,  causing  a  drain  fur  gold  emit  paper  of  two  deacriplioni,  the  oat 
which,  ia  the  fullowinfi  year,  redoced  based  upon  securities  coa  fixed  amount,  ' 
the  Bank  to  the  degradation  of  askins  and  the  ether  on  specie, — dollar  Toi 
a  loan  of  £^,500,000  of  the  Bank  oT  dollar  on  hand.  The  secuniiea  are  W 
France,  lo  avoid  bankruptcy.  In  the  CDasist  of  the  debt  due  tbe  Bank  by  tho 
four  ^sars  sabsequent  to  that  event,  at-  gevernment,  £11.000,000,  and  snaddi- 
thoDgh  the  import  of  wheal  continued  tion  of  £3,000,000  of  exchequer  bills, 
larger  than  ever,  yet  the  export  trade  roakinr  £14,000,000  asa  hxedamnunt, 
inereased  loan  extent  which  not  only  beyond  which  the  Bank  cannot  issne 
pwd  for  that  corn,  bitt  a  larjre  amount  bills  far  its  own  profit.  This  fixed 
of  bullion  in  addition.  The  whole  Kmount  is  supposed  to  bo  less  thao  tho 
quantity  of  wheat  imported  has  been,  lowest  sum  to  which  the  Bank  eurreaey 
for  13  years,  14,730,503  qrs.,  at  a  coal  is  ever  liable  to  be  reduced.  A.II  tbe 
of  £l^,43l,tlS,  or  an  average  nf  673  psfier  which  is  put  in  circulation  aboto 
pet  quarter.  Hence,  in  IS43,  the  that  amount,  will  be  represented  bj 
4|itaDtiiy  of  wheat  imported. being  larger  the  same  amount  of  epecie  on  hand; 
than  ever,  cost  £7,003,945,  wbii^h  was  eo  that  in  fnct  a  specie  currency  haa 
■ot  only  all  paid  for,  but  near  £ll,0OO-  been  adopted  in  London,  at  the  centro 
000  was  added  to  the  bullion  in  tbe  of  the  commercial  world.  The  iuues 
vaults  of  the  Bank.  In  1843  the  im-  of  the  couDtry  Banks  are  in  like  man- 
port  of  wheat  still  further  declined,  and  ner  to  b«  restricted  to  the  average  eir- 
the  accumulation  of  bullion  has  contin-  culation  of  the  last  few  year*,  which  ia 
««d  up  to  the  present  moment ;  the  about  £7,000,000.  Hence  the  fls«d 
neceaaary  result  of  the  immense  ei-  circulation  of  England  will  be  £3t,000y 
ports  comequeot  upon  the  low  level  at  000 ;  the  actual  otrculation  ia  nbir 
wbieh  prices  have  ruled.  At  this  par-  £30,000,000;  tin  difference  niaatfln»> 
tioelar  jam;ture,  so  fsTotable  to  a  tnate  with  the  bullion  in  bank.  Ha4 
«kang«  in  tbe  baukiug  system,  the  gar-  this  law  been  in  operation  laal  year, 
aimnent  has  brou^t  forward  its  pTan  ;  and  tbe  oioveinetit  of  apecie  been  tba 
tbe  leading  principle  of  which  is,  that  tame,  the  effect  would  faafe  been  M 
tlnl  proportion  of  the  paper  currency  follows : — 


Clrmlitt«i,       ^*TK 

Total. 

BoniEB. 

nta. 

cimimsa 

iLk^EjmJktBA.    """■ 

lTjma.<m      UB\mi 

«9.isfcm 

4Mi.mi 

mjnajM 

»l,Des.T34 

D.OMJMO 

aifiOtuM 

iB.Ma.wu      i.-m-jv 

ii.3^.am 

ai.ooMaa 

nsauat      a3ii.aM 

ai.-Ki.tm 

3ixioo.Ma 

aajaa^ 

»,Olt,tK» 

SLOOMW 

ajfiUM* 

Tbe  aelaal  oireolation,  it  is  observS'.  notes  over  the  average,  and  if  they  ^- 

Ue,  U  fat  less  than  would  have  been  al-  ply  for  Bank  of  England  notes,  that  ••- 

lowed  nnder  this  immense  acourauU-  atiuiinn. cannot  issiie  them  nnlesatba 

lira  of  coin,  bnt  in  IR4 1  the  actual  oir-  range  of  the  bullion  warraota  it,  whiok 

anlatton   was   more   than  would   have  under  such  cireumatancea  is  not  Hkely 

been   allowed,  and  that  e^ioesa  arose  to  happen,  because  it  ia  the  fall  of  the 

fiera  the  large  issues   nf  the  eonniry  amnualoripecie  on  hand  which  oausM 

'Banks.     When  the  Bank  of  England  the  Bank  to  curtail  its  own  movement, 

■waa  obliged  to  reduce  its  issues,  that  Thus  England   has  in  fact,  taught  bj 

reduetion  created  a  natural  demand  for  the  vicissitudes  and'disaaters  ofche  pa- 

money  which  the  country  Banks  siip-  per  ayslsm,  gone  back  to  a  specie  cur- 

Elied  :  this  under  the  new  plan  cannot  reacy    after    150    years    of  curreocj 

Sdoae.    Tbey  eaoftut  iasne  their  own  schsmiog.    It  ia  howerer  woiUty  «/—  i 

Coogle 


>09  Jftte  BooJir.  [July, 

lemftrk  ihu  ihe  govemnient  hsa  not  ab-  e;  is  in  openiilbn,  altliongh  ifiey  hti*9 

aolutel]'     Tiirbidden    the    extenaiun   of  sufTerfd  mora  than  other  niriona  frutii 

the    secumy    circulaiion   beyund    the  the  abtiae  of  the  Bystem.     Nearly  all 

^14,000,000,  bul  that  it  can  be  done  llieevilg t>rthere*iil8iiin  whichnvertook 

only    by    the   consent  uf    ihe    Queen  IwnhLng  hare  paaaed   away,  mnney  tl 

in   council,  and   (hen  the  whole   pro-  abundant,  the  rate  of  iniereai  liiw,  ths 

fit  derivable  from  that  iasue  must  be  currency  ia  equal  and  uniruim,  eichan- 

paid  over   to   the   governmenL     This  gea  pprfecily  regular  and  cheap,  and  % 

proriaiun,  fnr  all  practical  businets  pur-  more  fitting  uppiirtuntty  cannot  preaent 

Cta,  nonid  seem  to  be  onneeeaaary;  itaelf   for  aeparating   the   guiernment 

it  haa  probably  rererenoe  to  the  pos-  from  banha,  and  utterly  repudiating  the 

aihie    exigeneiea    of   the   government  gambling   aynem,   thereby    proteciiRg 

ilaeir  which  may  require  inch  aniasae.  the  peuple  against  a  recurrence  of  the 

The  United  Staiea  are  noir  the  only  diaaatera  of  the  paat  ten  yean, 
nation  where  an  eipanaiTepapeicarren* 


NEW  BOOKS. 

71itEarhiClaiitia*FaSitnior,MtnoiTt  Weinclieeto  ftdnpt  the  •eriptnral  prDof,                     | 

or  ffia*  DitiinguiAtd  Ttaehiri  iff  Hit  to  well  expanded  in  Uie  tract,  "EpiMo-                    | 

Ckrulian  Faiti,  during  Iht  fint  tkrti  paey  Traied  by   Scriptare."    Yet  ther* 

CmtnTUt,  tnditdng  thtir  Ttttimony  to  are  a  hotil  of  able  writers  against  ihi^ 

A*  Thm-fM  MitMlty  of  Iht  ChurA.  To  the  churchman,  the  argumeot  appeara 

By  tbeRev.  W.  H.Cauuciiael,D.D.,  conclnsire,  the  effect,  in  ■  great  measo re, 

B«Cl(iror  St.  Tbomu'iHatl,  Flashing,  of  education   and  prrjndicc.     As  muck 

L.I.    New  York:  AlraukderV.Bbike,  may  be  «atd  for  and  ag«inai  (he  oppMiie 

77  Falttw  streeL     1844.  aide.    The  Confregaiionaltsla  point  to  Je- 

Fome,  and  a  number  of  able  defender*. 

Tri*  fa  a  very  exeeneat  Tolnme  on  the  In  (he  Church  of  England  ilaHf,  tb«re  b 

mbjeetoTwhichk  treats:  afhToritetheiDe  the  nwnly  Roadler  and  the  present  Arek 

•r  late,  not  only  with  ihe  chnrebmaB  and  biihop  of  Dnblio,  Whately,  fairly  teostei 

AcpndcMed  rrader  of  works  of  the  tort,  aodBboaed.asonly  controversialiatsabDSi 

but  alto  with  the  great  readin;  public  each  other  (in  a  mode  nnknowBtogentlo- 

Df  eoarae,  the  topic  of  Episcopacy  baa  men  and  Chriilians),  for  tfauir  simple  ljbe> 

been   varioBsly    handed,    wiredrawn    by  rality  aad(proresi[onBlly*peal[iag}I>x^, 

many,  and  forcibly  (rrated  by  n  few.    By  on  this  VC17  dogma. 

BO  American  writer,  that  weareawareof.  In  general,  the  Episcopal  clergy  ara 

lias  tbe  whole  matter  been  more  thorongh-  strongly  for  EpiKopacr,  from  evident  and 

ly  discuned,lhan  by  theauthorof  thevol-  interested  views  of  advancement.     Poi 

Vme  under  consideration.    He  has  adopted  this  reason,  a  defence  of  Epi<^opacy  front 

tbe  historical  method,  and  aimed  (0  piove  (bem  lacks  the   Height  of  rmpartisliiyt 

the  divine  origin  of  Episcopacy,  fVom  the  whi]e,on  the  same  grounds,  (heantimeaM 

testimony  oftbe  early  fathers,  (o  whom  the  of  Ihe  ConEreiationalist  derive  addiiiooal 

church   nniveml   refer  npon    points  of   force  IVom  his  persiinal  disin (crested neWi 

doctrine,  which  they  hnvr  eopioasly  iltns-  And  always  we  lm*t  that  witnes*  mo«lio>- 

tnted  in  their  wridugs,  and  to  defend  the  pl'^itly,  who  has  the  least  to  gain  or  low 

truth  of  which,  and   testify  their  faith,  from  the  iasae. 

tbey  willingly  surrendered  the  inyiteiMna  Perhaps,  it  may  beconeeded — we  wonld 

lift  of  life  Kself.  certainly  onrselTM  allow  a*  much— that 

We  eantio(,  of  course,  be  expected  to  Episeopaty  is  eipedient  in  certain  eircao^ 

enter  into  (he  merits  of  so  vexed  a  ques-  stances.    It  Is  a  vise  palier,  to  preserve  t 

lion  I  one,  the  parties  engaged  on  either  gradation  of  rank,  where  the  incumbent* 

llile  of  which  are  so  evenly  matched.     As  are  clearly  fit  and  good  men.    Bat  what 

pnemi  critics,  we  see  no  cause  for  (be  an  army  of  bad'  hiihnp*,  as  well  as  poor 

great  excilement :  it  does  not  nflect  the  sinfhl  laymen  I    The  office  tends  to  aeget 

eommon  Christivnity  of  all  seels,  nor  (he  a  feeling  of  spirilnal  arrmrance,  much  to 

common  humanity  of  all  true  men.    It  is  be  deplored.    We  heard  an  hanest,  clever 

■  qaeatim  of  power,  of  ditdplisa,(^  rank.  •eliolai'(wbolsaBapllai.clergytnu)^  n^               i 


3844.]  JVn»  Bookt.  101 

narlr,  tbat  Ihe  hamblMt  p«reoa  lireomM  power,  yet  we  do  doI  bencc  eontidcr  thst 

•  sew  man,  bj  gaining  «  bbbopric.    It  ongbl  lo  be  Ibe  ratural  iDfeteace.     With 

Chiiines  mtnlinms  inlo  pride,  and  mode*  Pope  we  maji  eielaipi,  "E»a  ina  Biibop 

raiwn  into  msteriif .     We  koow  a  itorj  I  eao  apr  dccf  ii,"  ibungta  we  abould  t^ 

[one  oT  a  bundrcd  casei)  in  imiot :  »  cer-  no  mean*  eouiidn'  the  olGw  •  wan  te«t  vt 

tain  Eagliah  Bishop,  at  one  of  Ihe  ^vern-  a  nan's  Chrnlia ait j. 
tneol  utationa  in  [nilia,  at  a  larfe  dinner        We  bope,  however,  reader*  of  all  aoiti 

IMrtf,  where  tlie  eompan)' was  Eeteci,  and  will  make  ii  a  fniot  before  oiakiag  up 

coropoieil  of  official  diiinitarieii,  wai  called  their  mindE  foi  or  againil  Ihe  doctrine,  l« 

upon  in  pronounce  a  Uruinjr,  apon  which  proeore  and  tlodT  ibii  latni  treatiae.    It 

be  drew  himseir  ap  with  a  n>o«t  Chriitian  furniihn  a  Ihorongh  aurrey  of  the  whoU 

disnit)',  andobtierred,thal  theeliqurtleor  groand  bjr  hiMorical  iilnilration.    It  caiw 

the  Eottliah  Charch  did  not  permit  a  Bi-  riea  clear  deii^n,  «  complete  naater;  of 

shop  to  j;o  ibroDgh  the  ceremony,  but  hi*  materiala,  and  wide  reading,    Tbe  Mylt 

dliipfaia  uoalit  ocf  (u  Ail  >a(t<tlBlt.     Here  ti  aatnral  aod  eaty,  appropriate  U  Iht 

ynt  an    hamble,    apoatolieal,    Cbriilian  tabjeet,  and  without  IfaeilishteM  tioctnrq 

inas.    Alt  Bishop*  are  not  such,  yet  the  of  afleelalinu  or  ditptay.    The  wril«r  )!•■ 

tendency  eertainly  lir*  that  way-    Office  (he  anlqect  at  hean,BBJl  i*  rally  paraaadad 

fbaten  pride,  and  pride  a  the  natural  ene-  of  lu  Terily  and  itnparlance. 
my  of  letigion.     In  Great  Britain,  where        The  apfointmenia  of  the  book  are  ia 

Ihe  Cbnreb  U  often  a  dtntitr  rtuorl  to  cicelleal  keeping  with  iit  eharaclcr.    It 

yoanier  aons,  many  gain  rank  fVom  pnrely  ii  ne.itly,  and  even  bandnmely  "  got  np," 

worldly  motiTe*.    H're,  in  thetc  Doited  aa  to  print,  paper,  and  biadiog.    Wetrut 

State*,   we  bare  had  a   White,  Moore,  h  will  be  eitenaiTcly  read  by  hoMtt  i» 

CbeTereni,  and  may  «r«  have  many  more  ^niren^  eliarcbaea  or  MiMrwiae. 


At  (o  apotloliea]  soeeeuion,  that  ia  a  ^~' 

tough  qoeatioa.  Before  making  np  hb  Thmy  itf  aToraU ,  A  te^ajry  metnbu 
Bund,  ererr  honest  inquirer  would  do  well  Ikt  laa  of  nraraJ  dUliMiim  md  M* 
lo  read  eareruliy  Hacanlay's  ■tatemenl  of  variaiieiu  aad  tlu  (eafradicf  ioat  ^f(W- 
tbe  matter,  in  htf  article  on  Choreh  and  aU  coda.  By  RicHtao  HruaKTH. 
ttate.  {Bd.  Her.  1839.)  Oaemayeatjly  Bonon  :  Charlea  C.  Little  ft  ivDm 
gnnt  Ihe  dirine  origin  and  inatitnlioo  of  Brown.  1S44, 
Spiaeopaey,  and    yet    reaionably    doubt 

whether  the  precent  race  ii  a  true  descent  Ih  an  age  whieh  keep*  up  ntrt  only  aseh 

io  the  right  tine.  «  a  terrible  thinking,"  but  Kcb  a  terrible 

Thus  much  could  one  with  jattice  argue  writing  and  ipeaking  ai  this,  it  would 

•gainst  Ihe   Episcopal    m-der,    an    order  hardly  be  fair  to  blame  this  book  for  con- 

adoned,  totakebutoneGonntryibyalonc  tainint  litlleor  nothing  original.    It  is  a 

teries  of  most  eieellent  pastors  and  most  brief  inqniry  inlo  the  nature  of  Right  and 

able  men  in  England  :  an  order  that  can  Wran^,  and  gives  a  passing  analysts  of 

point  to  ■•Lalimer,  a  Cranmer,  a  Hall,  a  the  principal  syttcmi  of  mental  nhiloto. 

Taylor,  a  Kerr,  a  Tillolson,  a  Wilson,  a  phy,  whith  either  have  prevailed,  or  are 

Hoadley,  and  many  othen  of  equal  worth  now  prevalent  in  the  world.    The  author 

and  pi^tj.  has  the  merit,  at  least,  of  writing  Tcty 

If  we  could  feel  as  sure  of  the  sincere  plainly  and   eiplicitty  ;    no  small  merit 

adhesion  of  tbe  mBJortiy  of  good  church-  when    we  consider    the    obscurity    with 

men,  to  this  favorite  dogma,  as  we  are  which  ethical  subjecis  are.now-a-days,  so 

flilly  convinced  of  the  high  and  pare  views,  oflen  treated.  We  do  not  know,  however, 

■nd  Christian  nanlinest,  of  the  author  of  that,  io  avoiding  one  eilreme,  he  has  not 

this  work,  we  should  not  apprehend  the  fallea  into  Ihe  other.    Wilhnat  any  loss  of 

order  to  be  in  any  dan^jer.    But  tookiog  clearnesi,  his  style  might,  prohably,  have 

■boat  OS,  we  see  not  Ihe  man  slyled  Bi-  been   somewhnt    more  rigid  than   it  I*, 

■hop,  elevated  lo  that  dignity,  who  has  the  But  it  iii,  of  course,  cilrcmety  difficult  to 

tiMrk  or  an  Aposile  upon  him.    Bishop  write  with  precision  upon  metaphysics  fn 

Moore,  of  Virginia,  was  almost  Ihe  last  a  language  so  destitute  as  ours  of  a  inib 

«r  the  noble  old  race.  able  nomenclature.    We  can  easily  coo- 

The  bishopricitnat,  toourmind.essen-  ceive of  the  confiition  there  would  be  in 

ttal  to  a  Church.     We  are  demoeralic  natural  sciences  if  every  trealite  thereoa 

enna«h  to  admit  King  Charles's  nasi m,  had  itsown  peculiartermsanddriiniilone, 

"_  no  King  nn  Bishop,"  since  a  nttnrnl  al-  If  a  Sied  languaee  be  ihns  important  ia 

liance  appears  to  exist  between  civil  and  practical  pbitosophy.  il  would  reem  to  be 

RlivioDs despotism.    Still, thoaib  Birhop*  actually  indiipen sable  to  ihe  sobtle  dit- 

generallyaretpoiledbytheiroffice,  nndlbe  tinelion^and  intricate  reasoninf*  of  «>• 

tMiptUiA&  it  eitend*  to  a  pervetskm  of  lal  philoiopliy. 

).,i,zod=;Googte 


m                                        NemBtokt.  [J*^ 

Mr.  Hilireth  amepw  the  TmrioM  trB>  fn^  iiOenttati  ttmj.    b  w  tlw  itft  or« 

Icm  ul  murala,  u  well  aBciml  a*  niMlera,  Kries  or  treatiwi,  wtikb  il  it  prapowd  W 

wukr  Uiec.riapreheQ*Jvecta*!ifi«>tiaaor  eollecliTclj  cnlille   "  Bndimems  of  U« 

the  Uftlic  ThKTf,  or  thai  *hich  make!  Science  of  Man."    Thej  ate  lo  be  pnb. 

Ikiif*  rigAt  or  wrong  BccordtDg  as  Lhey  liihed  in  tbe  followia^  order:  Theoij  ot 

an  pleasjag  or  di^plewiaf  to  the  Drily  i  MoralB—Theory  of  Pulilies— Tlteorj  df 

Md  tfce  Fortatic  TMtory,  or  Uial  whieh  Weallh— Throrir   of   Ta«e— Theorr    of 

^ea  thiag*  right  or  wrong  aceoiding  aa  Knowledge— Theory  of  EducaUoa.    Thia 

tier  >"  f*^  *^  iolercat  oi  dindiantase  reminds  as  of  aa  anecdote  toM  of  (he  pn- 

of  aoeieir.    Periiopa  the  diSereaae  be-  eenl  liing  of  Bavaria.  When  riiilingooca 

twmt  these  Btbool*  will  niit  appear  efj-  an  ubibilion  of  modern  painLisfra  in  Mii> 

imat  U  fint,  be«aMe  there  ia  a  cooiiimb  oinb,  that  capilal   which   hii  laRle  aac 

graoad  belween  Ibem  upon  which  thejr  nnDiGcepce  have  contecraied  to  art,  *^ 

•an^  and  in  fact  do,  unite.      It  is  nid  enceaDdliieraIurc,he  wBtsbowe  aaenea 

that  the  true  interml  of  man  Dererciin  be  of  painlingi  bj  a  young  arliRl,  whoM  de. 

weofalitPnt  with  Ibe  pleainre  at  God ;  iigna  bad,  nofurtunaleif,  far  exceeded  bit 

aad,  tiace  lhey  wiU  ihui  agree  ai  lo  whal  sliiil-    They  were  called  ihe  "  Tnumpb 

lU^  are  rifthl   and  what   thing*  are  of   Peace,"    "  Trinmpb    of  Vinue,— of 

wrong,    the   diffrreal    hypolheMS    from  Tnilh,"  ic,  Ac.    Maiimilian  lejcanM 

whiektheyilartoniy  to  meetattheaame  ihem   Bileotlj  for  wme  time,  and  then, 

•onehiaiana,  are  oTliUle  inporlancc.   BnE,  Inrning  to  the  limner,  who  ilood  anxioDtlJ 

■pon  atrippLng  the  two  »y«eo>s  of  any  by,  said  that  he  missed  one  Uiumph  there. 

taodihatiuns,  and  reducing  them  lo  Iheir  "  And  what   is    that,    if  your    mijcitf 

elameols,  il  will  be  fonnd  thai,  whiUt  ihe  pleaso  V     "  The  Triumph  of  Art,"  laiii 

Myilica  cooaider  morality  fomelhing  ab-  the  royal  conooisseor,  and  In  rued  shoittj 

alracl  or  indepeniicnl  or  society,  the  Forcn-  on  *>is  heel.    And  we  mifs  one  theory 

Bici  consider  il  merely  convenlionai,  or  Ihe  here;  the  most  imporlanl  of  all  tbeoriest 

aipreision  of  public  opinion.     Wr.  Hii-  the  Theory  of  Li^e.    Thij  was  not  ex- 

dreth,whosnpportsihevieWBorihelallei  plained   in  the  academy  ;  the  Kbolia*[» 

claai,  layi  tliu  in  so  many  trord* :  made  it,  if  poHible,  more  obscure  than  it 
had  been  before ;  and  it  remains  as  unio* 

"  Uonlllj.  liMnd  of  bnlug  n  ateincl  ifahig,  lelii^ible  now  as  k   probably  waa  whek 

tadeprndeMcirhDinan  mium.  ■uniihinjeiiEninT  (hg  foundation  Has  laid  of  the  pynmid  of 

10  It,  whether  mtgln»llnf  In  Ue  alwilBla  nslun  of  p. 

IbtDfih  In  ilw  dKrew  uf  <:«l,  or  ihe  im  of  man,  ^""ipB. 


. .. .  _                                                         „  -  ,.           J   or  Thoughli  oa   a  SpirHual 

the  Author,  indeed,  does  not  himself  draw  mtdirilandivg  qf  I&  Jpocalypie  or  B«dt 

Mcb  a  deduction,  ma  in  Lain  iag,  on  Ibe  con-  e/  Rtctlnlitm;  viA  imnt  nsurfci  vpm 

Irary,  that  morals  are  progretiive,  it  ap-  w  Pannuia  or  Hand  coming  ^  Ma 

peara  lo  ns,  neverthelcM,  to  be  quite  irre-  Lord  Jaut  Chriil,  ovd  an  Jp^wijx 

tistiUe.    If  we  believe,  and  who  doea  not,  npomOu  Man  of  Sin.   New  York:  Lm^ 

that  the  eighteenth  ceDlur7  in  any  im-  Titl,  Trow  &.  Co.,  Fnblisbeif,  l&H. 
proveotent  on  the  eighth,  we  are,  of  neees- 

aUy,e)itablLshinga  separate  and  independ-  Tsu  work  is  a  eonmentar;  upoa  a 

cot  sUuidard  by  which  to  measure  the  porlionuf  the  sacred  writings,  confetsedly 

Borality  of  the  world.     One  nan  is  rail er  hnt  little   understood   hy  the   CiiristiaB 

than  another,  just  in  proportion  as  he  it  public,  and  lo  which  many  coQtndictei7. 

nearer  ihesliy,  orfartber  from  the  earth  interpretations  have   been  assigned.    It 

limn  that  other  i  and,  in  the  tame  way.  Las  generally  been  considered  a  propbelie 

one  age  is  better  or  worse  than  another  aeeoiint  of   political    and    ecclesiastical 

age,  just  in  proportion  at  it  more  or  less  erer.ti  which  should  tnke  place  upon  the 

eorTetpoDds  (o  some  abslract  or  hitther  eanh  subcequent  to  the  promulgation  oC 

test  (^  virtue.    WithonI  this,  bow  can  we  Christianity.    The  writer  of  tbe  present 

■ay  thai  one  naiion  is  better  than  anothi  r  work  has  regarded  this  mystical  portioa 

ntlion,  or  civiliied  life  better  ttian  savage  of  Scriptare  as  having  a  different  design, 

life  T    The  contradictions  into  which  the  and  at  having  an  utdtrtnit  or  tpirituU 

doelriae  of  ronventionnl  morality  lends,  interpretation,  wliich  he  atlrmpts  lo  d»< 

are  too  manLfest  to  require  commeuL  teruiine  by  comparing  iis  highly  fiiursUye 

Though  we  are  Ihn;  compelled  to  ra-  lan:;uase  with  olher  portions  cf  Scripture 

Bies*  a  total  disapprobatian  of  the  very  generally  allowed  to  bear  such  an  inter* 

faypnihesis   u|wn   which    Mr.   Hitilreth's  pretalion,  and  supposes  it  inlended  lor  an 

theory  '»  founded,  wr  can  still  recommend  eipotiiiion  and  illustntion  or  the  pr«ini- 

V^  worfc  M  our  readers  at  a  well-argned  aent  truUis  of  Chrittiao  doctrine,  and  lit 


oogic 


M-1 


MemOfy  Littrmry  Bulhlm. 


Ika  Xmitmtj  sod  efieet  oT  Mid  tmn  in 
■cgBrd  to  Xktn  u  will  arbe  U  all  periodi 
ef  Ibe  wMid't  bitlorr,  fron  Ibe  Bitanl 
diiVMitiDD*  of  the  bcart.  Hi*  fteatral 
id«B  M,  Uwt  tlK  Apocalypw  b  ool  «  Re- 
Vdatioa  of  falare  evenU  or  an;  kind,  but 
■  reTclBlion  or  unvtiiiag  made  bf  Jeiui 
'CkriM  <!^iniur{/*and  of  bii  owo  character 
UidaaeM;  an  inteUFctual  manirMiaiioo 
enrrMptntding  villi  wtaai  he  appnthenda 
MbelheMcmi  eoraimg  tf  tlit  Son  e/ Ma» 
in  the  Scriptnral  a«nae  of  (he  Urm. 

We  bate  not  cxamiiicd  the  Tolame 
-Mffieteotij  to  past  apon  ita  merits,  but 
the  aalnra  of  the  subjeet  conuaeodt  ii  to 
tbe  atleolion  of  tbe  Cbrutian  public,  and 
if  the  writei'i  metboil  of  interprclation  is 
the  correct  oae,  much  of  tbe  learned 
iabor  hitherto  taeitowed  on  thii  •abject  in 
reference  to  church  hiRor]r  might  Iwve 
bera  (pared ;  while  a  nev  and  intemlinf 
field  of  inveitigalion  is  opened  for  eierf 
UMieal  atadnt.  It  mar,  indeed,  be  con- 
■idered  aa  a  aomewhal  na*et  dream- 
■taaee,  that  a  lolume  of  lereral  haodred 
pa^tea,  oclaTo,  thouU  have  been  written 
bf  a  ProtestBDt  npon  the  Book  of  Bevela- 
tioo,  vilbont  ereii  an  incidenial  notice  irf 
tbe  Cbnrfh  of  Rome,  the  Pope,  ihe  Pa- 
pacf,  or  the  Freueb  Republic,  eo  long 
eoMidered  bj  firilitb  eommentalaf*  eape- 
viaUr,  the  pecoliar  aubjecU  of  apocaly^ 
lie  predietioa. 


TroMtatliatu  of&t  Stv  Ymk  SImU  Jgri- 
tmUmnl  Soeitly,  togtlhrr  viik  on  abttriui 


Hnl  aedtUti.  Td.  Ul.  1S43.  Alhuyi 
Printed  bf  Camill  &  Coolie,  Printer*  W 
the  Auemblj.     1844.     8io.,  ?p.  671. 

The  Aftrieollnral  Report  of  the  preaaot 
jear  presmis  a  large  and  baadfone  ral- 
nme,  richly  filled.  The  TraMactioD*  tf 
the  County  Agricultural  Socielie*  iDaka 
about  half  of  ill  ample  bulk)  (be  otliac 
portion  be iag  occupied  vithafreatTarielr 
of  HWful  and  intereitiog  mntter,  cUeflf 
Beport),  Prize  iltMya,  &c.,  collected  wUIh 
ia  ibeTciirl843.  Tbe  whole uiUunraled 
with  numerou*  and  well  execnied  weod- 
cats;  and  constilute*  a  highly  creditaUa 
annual  monuoient  to  Ihe  aeal  and  effieir^ 
cy  brouKhi  to  their  bnnorable  nsd  utelVil 
labor*  t>y  the  body  from  vbich  it  proaeada. 


Tit  Chriiliam  Itult%cltd  in  Ik*  way  tf 
ik*  Qoiftl  asi  Ikt  ChurcA  .-  a  Stria  if 
DMioKrjM  Mitmrd  w  Si  /om*!**' 
Chanh,  GoAtn,  <buiiig  tki  ytart  1840- 
42.  By  Aei.  J.  A  SrcncM,  A.  M^ 
laleBeclor.  New  York:  D.ApplMon 
JlCo.,  200  Broadway.  Philadelphia  ■ 
Genr;*  S.  AppletoA,  Cbeilnat  ttnet. 
1844.     16ma.,  pp.  325. 

Strmeu;  btarifg  oa  SiAjteti  cf  U<  Ikm. 
By  JoUK  HsNRT  Newnan,  B.  D.,  Fel- 
low of  Oriel  Colleae,  Ozfonj.  New 
York  1  D  Applelon  k.  Co.,  300  Broad* 
way.  Philadelphia  t  George  8.  Appl»- 
too,  Cbeaont  atTMi.  1844.  l<ino.,iip. 
367. 


MONTHLY  LITERARY  BULLETIN. 


AKEIICAK. 

CtmiotiTT  is  DO  Irniser  on  the  lip-toe  re- 
apmling  Mr.  Gre^'a  Ion;- promised 
Toiume*  on  the  Great  Weilern  Prartrt : 
Uds  pleaiins  |  rodnclion  baa  fhlly  real- 
iied  the  hi^h  expectalions  (bit  we  en- 
tertained re^prctini  it,  from  the  notice 
nniicipatory  giTcn  in  cur  preTinn*  iune. 
We  need  not,  lAer  what  has  been  said 
already,  add  anythina  farther  in  eom- 
mendalioit  of   Mr.   Gregg's  charming 

Geo.  Endicott  ft,  Co.  bare  nearly  ready 

'    IhefirstparloT  their  splendid  edition  of 

*j  Dr.  Weber'i  Aaalomicil  Atlas  of  Ibe 


Hmnn  Body,"  in  natural  liie.    'Riil 

grent  work  hss  already  enjoyed  a  repm- 
(alion  in  Europe  nninrpasied  by  anr 
other  pntduction  of  its  class;  itiinee^ 
less,  IhcTPfore,  lo  lay,  that  the  present 
liberal  enterprise  of  Mr.  Endicott,  ia. 
the  proposal  lo  sap;ily  an  improved  edi- 
tion of  ihlv  co<tly  work,  and  at  a  mneh 
lower  pHee  than  the  foreiin  edilioB, 
richly  merits,  a*  we  irnst  it  will  receive^ 
the  widMl  patronase  from  the  member* 
of  Ihe  medical  profcuion.  We  aie  ha|^ 
py  to  observe  that  onr  esteemed  friend 
and  ex -contributor,  Br.  8.  }  orry,  is  ap. 
pointed  to  nuperinlend  its  edilorlil  sn- 
perrision,  who  will  give  in  ibis  editioa 


Goog|e 


IW 


Mantily  LUtrary  BtiUtlm. 


CJ"ij. 


from  Ilie  Gemum,  i 
pinnalorx  mailer  to 


ae  rndditioDtl  ex- 

«  Suppicmentarr 
I  the  Ikte  Turtign 
enilions.     ll  a  to  M  cnnipletMl  id  twen- 
ty-thrcc  parti,  at  $1  60  eBCh,  |iaT>'>le 

"Biognpbicat,  Litcnry^and  Philoiophicil 
£>»ay»,"  cuntri  bated  to  the  Kc  tetie  Re- 
Ti>w,  by  John  F<i«ler.  1  vol.  1.  mo. 
400  pn^ea.  There  cootribtitiaai  well 
dmerre  to  class  nilh  those  of  Macaa- 
hjr,  JeOreji,  sod  Sydnry  Smith. 

"Ecays  on  Cbrinian  Moral*,  Eiperi- 
nmlBt  and  Practical,"  by  Jofan  Fouer. 
]  Tol.lSmo. 

"  Thiok  berore  yim  Act,  aad  other  Tale*," 
by  Mrt.  SbervDod. 

"Very  Little  TiOei  for  Tery  LitUe  Clul- 
dren" — aecoBit  serin. 

••The  Price  Story'Buok,"  eoBU«lins  oT 
Talei  Iranalated  lioia  the  Gennan, 
Frencfa,  and  llatian,  together  with  le- 
leet  lalea  from  the  Ekuilish. 

"Holiday  T«1e«,"  eoDtiiting  oTpleaiiag 
Tale*  for  the  Yoong. 

A  new  JDvenfle  ftDnnal,  cDlillfd  "Tlie 
Child's  delight,  a  Gill  for  the  Yoong." 
Edited  by  •  Lady.  Embelliibcd  with 
asmerDnt  enfmringi  on  ateel  j  and  a 
new  work  by  lbs  author  oT  Ibe  "  Three 
Eiperimenis  ofLiTing,"  entitled  "  The 
L(^  Cabin,  or  the  World  Before  Yon ;" 
embellished  with  a  steel  plate. 

Dr.  Darbin't  "  Observaliont  in  Enrope, 
principally  in  Prance  and  Great  Bri- 
tain," baa  recently  been  issued  by  the 
Barpen, — •  Tact  need lenly  •latcd,  vince 
few  literary  novelistt  of  the  day  have 
become  more  generally  esleemcd.  We 
learn  Ibe  anlbor  it  engaged  on  anotfaec 
irark,  de«criptiTe  of  his  visit  to  the 
Ewt. 

The  Appletons  antroaDCe  the  rollowing 
new  Jovenilet:  "  Dr.'  Co.  ke  Taylor's 
Stadcnl'i  Hannals  of  Ancient  and 
Uodem  History"— 4  vols.  <■  Tbr  Ele- 
ments of  Nalnral  History,"  by  Wm. 
Lee.  "  The  Book  of  the  Army,"  by  JF. 
Frost,  authot  of  "  The  Book  of  the  Na- 
Tj,"  with  plates.  "  Gary's  Translation 
of  l}snIe,"—reTtBed edition.  " Dumes- 
tic  Tales  and  Alle|rorie*  itlagtmtiDg 
Hatnan  Life,"  by  Hannah  More— 3 
Tots.  We  ought  10  observe,  alto,  the 
following  oa  Ibeir  list  of  annoanee- 
nrnts:  "Dr.  Thirlwall's  Hislory  of 
Greece;"  "The  Poetical  Worts  of 
Mrs.  KemNns,"comp1ete,  H  vols,  tflmo. 
"Otlo  Specter's  Fable  Book,"'wilh  100 
Oluslmtions,  and  bis  "Puss  in  Bonis," 
wilh  twcl»e  spirited  dcsitns,  Jie.  They 
also  have  jast  ready,  in  theoli^y,  the 
"  Complete  works  of  Hooker,"  edited 
bs  the  Itev.  J.  Keble,  ^  vols.  8vo.; 
"Pnteikal  Sermons  for  every  day  in 


the  year,  and  prineipal  HolUays,"  bf 
Be«.  C.  Biailley;  "The  Double  Wil- 
Dessfor  the  Church,'  hy  Ke*.  W.  I. 
Kipp;  also,  a  new  volume  of  "Tba 
Ruse,"  t'ur  1845,  wilh  ten  simI  plains 
and  anolber  annual  to  be  called  "lite 
K.eep»akF,"  Tor  1N45. 

"  The  Lad)  Equeslriao,"islhe  UHeoT  « 
little  hand.bMik  jaai  puUiphed  by  Re^ 
£eld,  cuDiprisinti  a  coocise  irtatite  on 
the  art  of  riding,  adaptnt  Iron  Asblon'i 
ill uBtn lions,  wilh  noinen^at  adililiuBa 
and  mudill cations,  to  which  are  append* 
'  td  full  descriptions  of  the  prevaillag 
styles  of  ladle*'  riding  habila,  li«.,  tf 
Mr,  A.  E.  Campbell. 

The  same  publisher  lias  also  in  eoorae  ct 
puhliCBlion  "Dr.  Norwood's  ltcvia«4 
Edition  ol  Suchan't  eelebmtcd  node  cm 
Dunn  Lie  Medicine." 

••  The  Cbess-PUyer'e  Hand  Book"  i*  in 
preparation  and  will  soon  appear. 

«  The  New  American  Drawing-Book,"  b; 
Chapman,  is  now  in  an  advanced  slate 
of  preparation  {  it  will  commence  witb 
the  elementary  principles  of  the  art,  and, 
by  easy  and  progreetive  Jesww*,  wiB 
advance  the  pnpil  to  a  thoFoogb  and 
complete  knowledge  of  this  deli;litri4 
important,  and  valnabic  accomplislt- 
meat.  It  will  form  one  lai^  octavo, 
embellisbed  wilh  numerovs  eograTfog^ 
and  will  be  pnbttihed  shortly. 

"The  American  t'ieiorial  Museum ;"  con- 
sisling  or  itlartrations  of  events  ia 
American  Hictory  ;  portraits  of  diMin- 
guisbed  Amerieansi  views  of  priiwlpBl 
cities,  or  oatanlearioeilie*,  and  work* 
of  art;  deeds  of  daring  and  beroinni 
Indian  bistory,  etc. 

We  have  beard  rumors  of  certain  distin- 
rnished  visitors  being  eipecinl  fhm 
Europe  I  and  as  we  believe  we  can 
make  the  annonacpmcnl  without  hesi- 
tation, and  give  it,  moreover,  exclusive- 
ly, we  do  it  for  the  information  of  onr 
friends.  We  refer  lo  the  fact  of  tbe 
immediate  visit  to  our  shores  of  E^ 
Spencer,  belief  remembered  by  his  lata 
title,  Lord  Althorp.  It  i«  well  known 
that  few  members  of  tbe  British  Peei- 
age  have  been  so  little  indebted  to  the 
Aielitious  distinctioop  of  tank  for  their 
high  repulBlLon  as  the  present  Lord 
Gpeneer.  Besides  combinina  the  advan- 
taees  of  deep  learning  and  the  i  ich  in- 
heritance orbii  Tather'smuniGceDlloTe 
and  patronage  oriiierslore,  he  is  alMin 
practical  man.  His  maincbjeet  in  mak- 
iot!  th  '  touroftbe  United  States  ia,  with 
a  view  to  new  dugBeslions  and  compari- 
■ons  in  the  important  fcipDce  of  agri- 
cnllnre,— the  resull*  nf  which  will  b« 
given  to  tbe  world.  Hit  lordship  Will 
preserve  the  strictest  inei^to.    "' 


oogic 


lUt-l 


Xonthly  Lilerary  Btdletin. 


wer, — w1io  wu  expected  to  bave  come 
bf  the  Isil  neamsr, — Brja^hua,  inj 
■ome   olher<,    are    meatiaael   as    ei- 

tecleJ  enmsj  and  ve  learn  rrom  a 
■tier  of  Ihe  fair  and  l^variie  poetess, 
Eliza  Cook,  thai  she  ton^s  to  vieit  Ihe 

"  "  Land  of  Washington,"  and  only  re- 
gnu  ber  medical  attenJant  has  inter- 
4icied  the  graiiSeaiioa  of  her  wisliEs. 

la  deviating  Trom  oar  ordinarr  cusiom,  we 
lake  pleasure  in  noliein;  a  new  eandl- 
dale  in  peHodiirBl  lilernlnre,  recently 
eommi^need  vith  erilent  saccea?,  bf  S. 
Lilieil  fc  Co.,  Boston,  pnlitled  "  The 
Lirin>  Ajc."  Betidi:s  beini  aboni  the 
cheapest  iwae  of  the  day,  it  a  oot 
amon;  the  least  altraeiive  in  lypo^ra- 
phieal  skill  1  and  its  eJiiorhas  displayed 
more  than  ordinary  taste  and  diuzretiaa 
In  his  lelcctian  of  the  most  choice  and 
interest injr  articles  which  are  eoDStaotly 
to  be  fteaned  from  the  larger  English 
Reviews  and  Joarnsls. 

We  regret  to  no  ice  the  dreeaae  of  Mr. 
Town,  the  architect  and  well  knowe 
book-collectorof  this  city— onee  a  trne 
disciple,  with  Allen,  Brerort,  Corwin, 
and  other*,  of  the  literary  patriarch, 

Lan^ey's  next  poblieations  wilt  be,  Min 
8edi wick's"  Aliila, orTown  andCoaa- 
try;"  -'Ellen  Voodfille,  or  Life  in  Ihe 
WeWi"  "  Alala,"  fVom  Ihe  French  of 
Chateaabriaod,  translated  by  Smead 
and  LeTebTre,  of  Richa>ond,  Va.,  and 
Madame  De  Stael's  cfaef-d'nnTre, 
«  Corinne."  Each  of  these  works  will 
be  issaed  in  the  cheap  style. 

Oonld,  Kendall  k  Lincoln  hare  jast  issa- 
ed a  neat  TOlamc  of  "  Miseeltanle*, 
consisting  principally  of  Sermons  and 
Eoairs,"  by  the  Rev.  John  Harrit,  B. 
D.,  HDtbor  of  the  well  known  Prize 
Esss^s,  "Maniioon,"  "The  Great 
Teather,"  &,c.,  edited,  and  with  an  in- 
trodnclion,  by  Joseph  Belcher,  D.  D. 
Dr,  B.  mast  have  rendered  a  very  ac- 
ceptable service  to  the  reli^iont  public 
by  the  presentation  of  the  present  eol- 
leetion  of  fta^itive  papers,  by  Dr.  Har. 
ris;  since  every  emanation  from  his 
elei^nnt  pen  has  met  with  such  nniver. 
sal  welcome  in  both  hemispheres;  and 
w  those  who  are  familiar  with  the  aa- 
lbor*s  previans  prodoclions  will  not 
fail  to  avail  themselves  of  this  new  eon- 
Iribniion,  It  !s  needless  for  qs  to  My 
more  on  the  Rabjeet. 

A  new  e.'liiion  of  an  admirahle  volnne  has 
just  been  i»»ned,  enlilled  "The  Genins 
■nd  Design  of  the  Domeslie  Conftitn- 
tlon,  with  its  tTntransferabteOMiialiont 
■nd  Peculiar  AdvanlaKer,"  hy  Christo- 
pher Andenon.  This  work  is  a  eam- 
plele  hoffle-treamry,  and  onght  to  be  in 


the  book  -case  of  every  bons'hold ;   its 
important  lessons  of  inslmcliun  are  of 

'to  'the  adeation  of  all 


(,  &c.    Mead  of  Ibii 


leeibletype;  it  will  be  published  in  ■ 
few  das8.  Also  a  fine  edition  of"  Bar- 
row's Works,"  the  8  cols,  nf  the  English 


3  vols.  8 


.  Het 


lualsin 


pro^res*  for  Ihe  approBchini;  holidays — 
"The  Opal  for  1845,"  edited  by  Mrt. 
Hale,  and  embellished  by  a  ser  es  of 
highly  dnisbed  engravinfis — much  (d- 
periarlolhoseof  the  preceding  volame. 
The  'ither  i»  to  be  styled  the  "  Haw- 
thoroe,"  being  a  kind  of  rifhccia- 
meniDorthe  pieces  of  Mrs.  Child,  Let. 
lie,  Hnghes,  lie.  It  will  be  accompa- 
nlcd  with  ieretal  very  aluactive  to- 
gravings. 

Danegan,  of  this  city,  bat  nearly  com- 
pleted his  Bpleadidly  embellished  edition 
of  the  Douay  Bible.  We  have  aeen 
early  proofs  of  the  ptaies  (fourteen  in 
number),  which  we  can  safely  affirm, 
are  of  very  high  merit,  and  great  beau- 
ty. The  illuminated  tille.pages  are 
nniqae,  as  well  as  the  chaste  and  ele- 
gant desi»n»  by  Croome  of  the  "  Fatal- 
ly Reeord."  The  typography  will  ba 
of  corresponding  beauty,  and  yet  the 
entire  volume  will  be  issued  at  Ihe  very 
moderate  rate  of  Iweoty-flve  cents  per 
number,  tweniy.four  completing  the 
work.  We  shall  refer  to  this  beBatiTal 
issne  in  oar  next  more  at  length. 

We  Icara  from  a  late  number  of  the  Pica- 
ynnc,  that  amon«  the  passengers  by  the 
Virginia  Antoinette,  was  B.  M.  Ifor- 
nian,  Esq.,  author  of"  Travels  in  Tuea- 
tan  "  We  understand  that  he  has  made 
sev  ral  important  diiicoveries  in  the  way 
of  ruins,  Jic,  in  the  region  of  connln' 
back  ofTampico,  and  has  brought  over 
many  choice  specimens  of  statuary,  &C., 
many  of  them  of  exquisite  workman- 
ship, which  he  is  to  present  to  the  New 
York  Historical  Socety.  We  shaU 
know  more  of  his  discoveries  heresfler. 
Mr.  N.  bruuffht  despatches  for  odc 
Government  from  China,  which  cama 
overland  from  the  Pacific. 


s  rbr  immediate  publica- 
tion, "Tlie  Public  and  Privaie  Life  of 
LoidChaocclliirEldoa)"  with 
ttom  Ui  eoiretpandcne^  compriain( 


Google 


MoKtUf  IdttTvry  BalUtm. 


(J»^. 


jMten  rrom  George  ITI.,  George  IT., 

ma  t  oiber  eiidtritii ;  aniJ  KleciiunHrrcim 
fe((  *■  Anecdolc  Booh,"  wriltcn  bf  faioi- 
lelf.  Edited  by  Horace  Tviss— tobe 
iUnalrated  with  porlraiU  and  *ieWB,  &c. 
3  Toll.  8m>.  "An  Excursion  Ihrough 
tbe  Slave  Slatn,  froin  tbe  Potomac  to 
Ihe  Frontkrs  of  Mexico."  Bj  G.  W. 
Fealherslonbangh — wilh  plate*.  Mr. 
Poulett  Scrope'a  "  M emoiri  of  Lord  Sy- 
denham," with  a  narrative  of  his  ad- 
minislmlion  io  Canada,  and  sclecltone 
fhini  h  «  CO rmpon deuce.  Newedilion. 
Drinkn'ater'B  "  History  of  the  Biojie  of 
Gibraltar  "  "  Farmine  Tor  Ladies,"  bjr 
(heauthor  or"  British  Huabandry." 

A  netr  warlc,  for  home  nscs,  enlilled 
"  An  Encyclopffi:fin  of  Domestic  Eco- 
nomj-,"  by  T.  Webster.   1  larRB  vol, 

A  new  work  on  the  known  phenomena 
connected  with  the  chemical  influence 
of  the  solar  rays  ;  ineludinit  the  photo- 
graphic process,  and  many  new  discov- 
eries in  art,  &c.,  eolilled  "  Besearchei 
on  Light,"  by  Robert  Hunt. 

Tbe  rollowin.x  are  also  fiirlbcooting  novel- 
tica  :—•'  Rambles  in  Germnol  and  Ita- 
ly in  IW2-3,"  by  M«.  Shelley." 
"  Rambles  and  Recollcctii'ns  oT  an  In- 
dian Official,"  by  Lieat.-Col.  Sleeman. 
"  The  Le|[ends  of  Saints  and  Martyr*, 
their  Lives  and  Acts,  Characters,  Hab- 
it*, Allributei  nnd  Emblems,  aa  illa»- 
ttaled  by  Art,  Tram  (he  Earliest  Ages 
of  Cbrislianiiy  to  tbe  present  time,"  by 
Mr*.  Jameson.  "Critical  Remark*  on 
Mr.  Payne  Collier's  and  Mr.  Ktiijht'a 
EditioDs  of  Shakspeare,'  by  Rev.  A. 
Dyee.  "  The  Exile,  and  other  Poems," 
by  Min  Barrett.  A  new  Play  by  Mr. 
Browniaa.  A  new  talc  by  Lady  Geor- 
giana  Fullerlon,  railed  »  Ellen  Middle. 
Ion.'*  AIm,  another  styled  «  The  Malt 
without  a  Prorcniun."  depicting  the  lire 
olan  emigrant,  by  C.  RowcroR,  aatbor 
ol"  Jale*  of  the  Colonies." 

Hr>.  Hartley's  new  novel  (Ihe  aothorew  of 
"  Indian  Life,")  is  entitled  "  Claodioe 
Misnot. 

Beatley,  the  pabli«her,  ha*  in  preparatiM 
for  pabllcation,  some  velMble  original 
state  paper*,  comprising  letters  of 
Charles  1.  and  IL ;  also  a  lar^e  number 
of  Prince  Rupert's;  many  of  them  are 
said  to  be  of  area!  historical,  national 
and  personal  interest. 

Tapper  has  a  new  work  just  onl,  called 
"  The  Twin*,"  a  domestic  novel  i 
" Heart,'  a  social  novel,  and  other 
minor  tales. 

An  imponiBi  w«fc  on  (he  botany  of  Ihe 
froS'O  world,  is  aboot  [o  appear,  com- 
prising the  plants  of  Capt.  Boss's  Ao- 

Wb  obterte  Hf.  J.  Caiherwood  la*  now 


ready,  in  London,  hii  folio  «f  illuitim- 
tioos  of  ancient  moDamentt  in  Ceatnl 
America,  Chiapas  and  Yncatan,  coa- 
•iiiiing:  of  29  large  folio  plates  in  tilho- 
tinl.  Some  sets,  colored  and  inonated, 
sell  at  12  guineas. 

Tbe  two  concluding  votnmes  of  "  Letlen 
ofBoraceWalpole  to  Sir  Horace  Hau," 
are  also  now  ready  in  Londoo;  aM 
a  Narrative  of  a  Mis»iun  to  Efsypt, 
the  Red  Sea,  Persian  Gulf,  the  East 
Indies,  and  the  I«laad  of  fioorttott,  hf 
M.  V.  Fonlanier. 

Anew  novel  by  the  aalhDro^>'BeBBnd- 
shaw,"  called  "The  Mysterious  Maa," 
Mills's  new  work,  entitled  "TheEng- 
lish  Fireside,"  arc  also  just  ready. 

Sir  Harris  Nicolas  is  prepHriott  for  speedy 
publication, "  The  Despatches  and  Let- 
ters of  Admiral  Lord  Viscouol  Nelson," 
from  original  sources,  and  which  wiR 
compriie  much  that  is  entirely  new  and 
calculated  to  throw  li^ht  on  some  Set- 
ture*  of  dtaracier  in  that  great  Bav«l 
hero. 

A  paiofally  curious  slatislicnl  work  is 
also  announced,  "On  the  Coses  of 
Death  by  Slarvatiaa,  as  the  height  oT 
Social  DisoriBDizBLion,  with  Soggea- 
tians  towards  its  Prtvcnlion  in  tba 
Metropolis,"  by  J.  L.,  Ute  of  the 
Colonial  Service ;  trith  aa  lotrDdactiaa, 
by  Viscount  Ranclagh. 

A  very  choice  and  qnaint-toobinj;  totntt 
has  just  appeared,  entitled  "  The  Print 
Collector,"  beitig  an  introduction  to  the 
knowledee  necessary  for  formlag  a  col- 
iectioD  of  ancient  print*)  and  Benlley'l 
new  works  of  Gclton  eomprise  '*11w 
Trinmpbs  of  Time,"  bein;  a  third  series 
of  "Two  Old  Men's  Taiesj"  "Coa- 
ttancy  and  Contrition,  oc  Woman'a 
Trials;"  Mr*.  Gort^s  "Popular Mein- 
beri"  "  Constance  D'Oy ley,"  by  the  an- 
tbor  of  "  Clandestine  Marriage,"  Ju.  t 
"  Ttie  Wilfalne**  uf  Woman,"  by  tfca 
author  of  "History  of  a  Flirt."  "He 
Bridal  of  Melcba,"  by  Hiss  M.  L.  Bofle, 
and  the  seventh  volome  of  ftrieklaitd'a 
"Lives  of  the  Queen*  of  Englaad,* 
are  on  Col  barn 'a  list. 

Mr.  Edward  Jesse,  the  naturalist,  haa  « 
new  work  entitled  "Scenes  and  Talea 
nf  Country  Life." 

Amon;;  the  recent  deaths  in  the  literatr 
world,  we  nolice  tbe  vell.4nown  aama 
orGeurecLackinRton,  tookseller.  Hi* 
decease  occurred  on  tbe  ;jlBt  of  Manb. 
It  is  needless  to  notice  the  charccler  of 
one  so  lone  and  prommenlly  connected 
with  the  hif  lory  of  the  bnuk-busiueia  cf 
London,  further  than  to  say,  he  pro^eela 
another  to  the  mnny  instances  we  ha*« 
on  record,  of  a  distinguished,  m  " 


=1  Google 


1844.] 


ibrntUy  Litertay  BmlUtm. 


iq.,  the  ■ntbor  of  "  Vr- 
Uck"  «nd  olbrr  wetl-kaovn  pablici- 
tkin*,  difd  on  Thumiif,  tSaj  2d,  at  hii 
hone  ID  LiDidawar  CrcscMI,  Bath. 
Mr.  Bfclirnrd  ms  in  bis  S4th  fear,  aai 
with  Rogen  and  Wordswarth,  u  the 
time  of  hit  deatb,  the  oldnt  ef  the  rmi- 
■cDt  HTia;  aalhon  oT  Great  Brilain. 
He  once  wai  also  llie  eccenlric  and 
vell-knowa  proprietor  of  Fouthill  Ab- 
ber  ,aDd  lis  aniqne  aad  meaiScent  mo- 
Ugm  or  cmioaiti^  which  coet  ia  baiU- 
Sag  ODcqaarter  ofi  DiiUioa. 
ne  Patrie  cUlet  Ihat  M.  Thien  hai  con- 
doded  hit  "Hitlnrr  of  the  Empire," 
•ad  is  to  receive  500,000  rrann  for  the 

The  rullowing  item*  of  roreign  tilerarr  in- 
lelligeoce,  in  addition,  we  tnbjoio,  from 
Wiley  .'i  Puloam's  last  Neim-leller : 

Hr.  Lyell  hat  nearly  completed  his  work 
on  America.  It  is  to  be  publiined  in 
London  by  Hi.  Msrra},  aad  in  this 
MBKtrr  by  Wiley  k.  Palnam.  The 
tllk  is, "  North  American  Oeolofcr,  with 
m  Jeuraal  of  a  Tuor  in  I84J-3.  ^ 
Charlea  Lyell,  Etq.,  anlbor  of  ■  Priaei- 
ples  of  Geology,'  0.c."    In  1  vol.  8vo. 

The  Re*.  Uoralto  Soulhgate,  aalhor  of 
"Travels  ia  Mesopotamia,"  &C.,  has 
ararly  cotnpleted  »  "  Nnrrative  of  ao- 
olhei  Journey  into  Mesopotamia,"  a 
Titit  to  the  Monophysite  Churches  in 
tbat  Country,  ftc,  with  an  account  of 
tba  prment  state  and  prospects  of  the 
Eastern  Charchesi  and  also  apolber 
TolumeoBthe  Minntry,  Worship,  Rite*] 
Docirineo,  Usages,  tix.,  of  the  Syriaa 
Jacobite  Church. 

TIm  following  are  announced  as  ia  prctt, 
in  addition  to  former  lists,  vie  i 

"  The  History  of  the  English  Re*Dlulion." 
By  F.  C.  Dahlmann,  late  Professor  of 
Hiatory  at  the  Universily  of  Goilingen. 

The  8th  aad  last  vol.  of  "Thirlwall's 
Greece"  (completing  "  Lardaer*!  Cy- 
dop<Edia}.    In  July. 

"  The  Zoohfy  of  the  Voyafie  of  H.  M.  S. 
Erebai  and  Terror,"  under  the  COIb- 
aaand  of  Capt.  Sir  James  Ross,  R.  N. 
Edited  by  John  Bictaardson,  M.  D.  T. 
R.  &,  and  by  John  Edw.  Gray,  Esq.,  F. 
R.  a    Fart  I. 

<'  Flora  Antarctica ;  or,  the  Botany  of  the 
Voyage  of  the  Erebna  and  Terror,"  itc. 
By  ].  D.  Hooker,  M.  D.  F.  h.  B.,  Bo- 
Unitl  to  ih«  Eipedilioa.  In  20  znonth- 
ly  parity  royal  4to.,  each  containing  8 
&ne  rialcs  of  new  or  imperfectly  knows 
■pMtea.    Parti. 

"The  RdiiqM  of  AoeieatBriuin."  By 
Oeo^c  Smith,  F.  A .  S. 

''liM'rathe  nf  a  Mitura  to  Egypt,  tlie  Red 
8m,  the  PcrtiaDGDlph,  the  East  ladica, 
awl  the  Itie  oTBowba*.    By  Mob*.  S. 


Fontenirr,  By  order  of  the  French 
Govern  nwnt." 

"  Memoirs  of  the  Heign  of  Georee  III." 
By  Horace  Walpole.    2  vols.  8vo. 

"  Rnaiblpa  aad  Kecotleciiont  of  an  Indian 
Official."  By  Lieut.  Col.  W.  L.  Slee- 
man,  2  vols,  royal  8vo.,  with  nnneroni 
engravings.  The  "  Kambles"  eoDsbl 
ehicSy  of  a  joDrney  from  the  banks  of 
(he  Nerbudda  to  the  Hltcmaleh  moan- 
taint;  but  with  these  are  incorporated 
the  "  Recollections"  of  the  author's  pre- 
vioni  experieoeei  exhibiting  in  th« 
whole  a  sketch  of  the  picturesqne  cha-. 
lacter  ofthe  coanlry,  its  principal  geo- 
logical fealnree,  state  of  cultnre  and  re- 
source*, and  of  the  cnstoins,  habits, 
snpenliiioDs,  knowledge,  and  capabilk 
ties  of  the  people.  Among  the  rravet 
sections  isaa  historical  piece,  giving  as 
account  of  the  celebrated  contest  BmoB( 
the  four  sons  of  ^lah  Jehan  for  the  Ekh 
pire  of  Hindostan.  The  utmoal  can 
and  attention  hate  been  bestowed  opoa 
the  UtattratioDs.  The  original  draw^ 
iaga— eonsnmmalely  wronght— «re  tha 
piodoctions  of  native  artists,  of  high 
talent,  from  which  perfect  fac«iaulM 
will  be  obtained. 

"  Biblical  Criticism  on  the  first  Foartcen 
Historical  Books  of  the  Old  Testament) 
also  OD  the  Srst  Nine  Prophetical 
Books."  By  S.  Horsley,  LL.D.,  LonI 
Bishop  of  St.  Asaph.  New  edition,  S 
vob.Sro.  The  high  estimation  in  wbkh 
Bishop  Hor«le>'s  "  Biblical  Criticism" 
is- held,  notwithstanding  the  disadvaa- 
tages  nnder  which  it  first  appeared,  at 
a  posthumous  publication,  hat  enesn- 
raged  the  poblishers  to  spare  no  pains 
in  making  the  present  edition  of  the 
work  more  worthy  of  the  reptttatloii  tf 
iu  eminently  learned  anlbor,  and  better 
adapted  to  the  use  of  students  in  Ibeo- 
lory.  Great  care  has  been  taken  In 
CDTieeiinK  the  Greek  aad  HelMvw,  aad 
in  rectifying  the  very  vicioas  punetoa- 
lion  which  had  disgraced  the  forma 
edition. 

»  Viiilantius  and  hit  Times."  By  W.  8. 
Gilly,  D.D.     1  vol.  8vo. 

»  The  Cbnrch  Visible  in  all  Aget."  By 
Charlotte  Elizabeth.     1  ToL  with  en- 

"  Bone  and  th^  Reformstlon."    By  J.  H. 

Merle  D'Auhigns. 
"The  Foot  Prophetic  Empires,  and  die 

KingdMn  of  Messiah."    By  the  Rn. 

T.  R.  Birkt,  M.  A.     1  vol.  8vo. 
»New  Illustrations  of  the  Life,  Stndie*, 

and  Writings  of  Shak^eare,"    By  Rav. 

J.  Honter,  F.  8.  A. 
The  lUnminalcd  Books  of  the    Midile 

A^ea— by  the  Editor  of  the"  Palrofn. 

piua"— k  hntoty  «r  lUnainaled  Boidii 


Google 


110                                Ntw  York  Hulorkai  Soeitiy.  {laij, 

l>on  the  IVth  IB  tbe  XVUlh  Century,  are  all  drawn,  colored,  and  dcwribcd 

vilh  faG-»imiles,   it   anooanced   to  be  from  Andtni  Autburiiir*. 

pubUthed  ID  moathty  parls.     We  liave  Tbe  M»Eoiii  and  >  ortcfjibiidrace  of  Ibe 

SWD  (he  pJaiM  lo  a  gorgeoua  volooie  laie  enijiienl  scholar,  ThcDiBS  Aroold, 

aboat  to  be  published,— "  Putin's  Gloi-  D.  D.,  Holhar  of  "  Hislor)  i,f  Bime.^ 

•ar7  of  Ecelcsinstieal  OrnaBieat  and  &c.,  are  preparing  for  the  preis,  edited 

CcMlanie,"— which    certainly     sorpas*  bjr  the  Kev.  A.  P.  Stanl*)', 

■nf  of   the  liJnd    hitherto   produced.  Fealherttoobaugh'i  ronhcdning  beck  os 

There  are  70  plates  printed  in  gold  nnd  the  United  Slal<^E«efiDs  to  bea  «rDr[|«r. 

color*.      The  detail)  of  man y  of  Ibe  eEpeciallj  on  Ibe  folks  dcim  HBlJt;  we 

OriuuneaU  are  giien  of  full  »ize,  aod  jni^e  froio  quoUtions  in  the  AlhensniD. 


NEW  YORK  HISTORICAL  SOCIETY. 

The  BkODlhlr  meelJDg  for  Jnne  wu  tbeir  works  for  the  United  Slatei:  M. 

beld  at  the  rooma  of  Ihe  Soeieiy  in  the  Elien  Gatloisj  Le  Cotnie  rBru,Fairda 

UoiTersily,  tbe  Hod.  Albert  GallaliD  io  France;    M.   Atlerz,  Chef  an   Minbtra 

the  Chair.     A  large  nnD>b«rof  meinberl  dea  Aflaire*  eton^creK  Coorni  Grneiat  i 

were    ID    atleDdaoce,  aad   many  dialin-  Geneij  C.  D'Orbigny,  Diirctetir  dn  Dic- 

Gished  visiion,  among  whom  wae  ibe  ticnoaire  UDireree]  d'HiMoire  NaiartUe, 

»ican  Minifler,  General  Almonte.  &c. ;  DnmerEon,  Chevalier  de  la  leeion 

The  Qiinalea  having  been  read  by  Ihe  d'bunoeur.l'nn  denConMrvaTeuTsduCab- 

Secrelftry, and  the  doDationalo  Ihe  library  inet  det  Mednillea  de   la    Bibliolfaeque 

annoonccd  by  Ihe  Librarian,  Mi.  Fotaom,  Soyale,  Ilc,  fcc,  &c. ;  M.  F.  Eglahcelin, 

one    of  Ihe    Corrnponding   Seerelariei,  membie  de  la  Cfaambre  dn  QFruif^,— Le 

read   lettera  from   the   following  gentle-  Cumple  Leon  de  Laboide,  M.  Key,  tntnt- 

men  ;-— Mr.  Brantz  Slayer,  of  Baltimore;  brede  la  Society  Royale  dea  Aniiquaim 

Mr.  Jacob  B.  Moore,  of  Waafaington ;  de  France,  &c.,  JL«.,  M.  A.  Jal,  HieHk 

Ber.  Jo.C<M;»we1l,D.D.,ofEaatWindiur,  riograpbe  de  la  Marine,  &c.,  U.  Leon 

Conn  ;  J.  &.  TeSl,  Em].,  < if  Savannah,  Vj'da),  Contervateurde  laBiblfolheqoe  ad- 

Ga. ;    Hon.   Thomaa  Day,  of  Hartlbrd,  niniatraliTe  an  miBihUre  de  I'lnterieur, 

PreaidenI    of  the   Historical    Bociely  of  fcc. — and  olben. 

Conneclicut;    HeEekiab  L.   Hoamer,  of  M.Vallnnare  alatet  that  all  doCQUenta 

Peiryibnrgta,  Ohio )  Sir  William  R,  Ham-  and  work*  eopcerning  hiitory,  geogiaphy, 

[Itoii,  of  Dablin,  and  Sir  John  Bickerlon  lecislalioD,   JDrispradenee,   acience,  art, 

Williama,   of  Wem,    nekr   Sbrewabnry,  indoitry,  commerce,  public  atboolv,  bot- 

EoRland.  pilal*,  bontes  of  refnge,  prifona,  penilen- 

Hr.  Folfom  alio  read  a  note  fVom  Rob-  tiariei,  in   ■  word  all  woilu  of  general 

eH   Wal*h,  Eaq.,  of  Paria,  slating  that  public  utility,   publiahed   in  tbe   Gniled 

Mr.  Draper  had  forwarded  from  Havre  Siatea  and   parlicutarty  in   the  Slate  of 

two  aeti  of  Maliatieal  reports,  eight  quar-  New  York,  will  be  gladly  accepted  by 

loa  each,  one  for  tbe  New  York  Hiitorical  ibeir  public  insttlationt. 

Bociety  and  the  other  for  the  National  Tbe  Chairman  of  the  Executive  Cod- 

Inilitnle  at  Waiihington  ;  and  adding  that  niltee,  Mr.  Wetmore,  presenled  a  report 

the  Mininer  of  Cummeree  had  promised  npon  Ihe  nomi nation*  which  bad  bprn  re- 

to   give    the  whole   aeries,  which    will  ferred  to  them,  and  these  gentlemen  were 

air.oDDt  to   eishly-sii  volumen,   one  for  Ifaerenpon  elected. 

each  Uepartmenl  of  France,  provided  the  CorreipondtagJfnnbn. — Robert  Than 

Snciely  wish  lo  potsess  ihem.  of  China,  ber  Britannic  Majesty's  lnter> 

The  Foreign   Correiponding  Secretary  preter,  end  Jemrs  H.  Trnffibull,  Esq.,  of 

was  initrneted  lo  make  a  proper  aeknow-  Stoninpton,  Cunneciicul. 

led^ment  and  reply.  StsuUnl  AfrmlxTi.— Hon.  John  McKr- 

A  Ian;  and  jnteres'iag  letter  was  aim  on,  Jonathan  Edwards,  Esq. 

■nbmrited  from  M.  Aleiandre  Vatiemare,  A   targe  number  of   nominatioot   for 

of  Paris,  who  is  pursnin;:  with  nnremit-  memlterahip  wne  mede,  and  the  qtnlifi- 

ting  aelrviiy  hi»  admirable  ptao  of  litera-  caiiona  of  some  of  Ibe  gcDtlemcn  namdl 

ry   elchangc,   transmitting   to  the  New  were  stated  to  the  Society. 

Yorii  RiMorical  Society  a  lai^e  colleetioQ  Mr.  Schoolcraft,  from  tbe  Committee 

ef  valnable  worict,  forty.nne  in  nnmber,  on  Indmn  names,  to  whom  had  been  re- 

of  which  a  correct  list  will  be  published,  ferred  ihe  ofden   map  of  part  of  New 

M.  Valieoiare  appended  to  his  commnni-  York,  pretenied  bv  Mr.  Verplandc,  at  Ibe 

cation  ealraels  from  letter*  addressed  to  last   mrelinp,  said    that  the  Ctmmittee 

Um  bygenttesicn  tmnmittiiig  eopieaof  were  ttButimoiu  in  their  opinioii  of  iu 


oogle 


New   York  H'atorieal  SoeUtf. 


Ugb  Tallin— 4hBt  it  embrBced  tcTcrml 
■ainn  eunlamed  in  no  other  map,  Bnil 
■Uhoo^h  irtlhaDE  date,  it  tnt  evideni, 
frooj  ita  tneliiJinv  Albaa;  coantr,  il  wai 
made  prior  to  the  eirelion  of  Trjon 
eouiilf,  probablf  abaul  the  rear  1760.  It 
eilended  ai^  far  as  Cafaia  lake. 

Mr  Laifience  remarked  thai  it  wat 
within  the  recolleclian  o(  ihr  meniben, 
thai  a  committee  had  been  appointed 
lome  lime  since  to  report  npon  the  valn'e 
of  the  documenti  collected  by  Mr.  BrnaJ- 
bead,  and  (he  general  meriis  of  the  Hig- 
torical  azency.  The  Society  bad  Telt  il 
incumbent  up'in  Iheni  to  vindicate  the  ea- 
terpriic  rrom  ihe  atperaioni  which  had 
been  can  upon  it,  in  a  report  presented 
to  tbe  higher  braneb  or  oar  Leitslaturo 
by  aa  hanorabte  Senator.  And  Ihe  Hon. 
Mr.  Btrecker,  of  Albfiny,  bad  been  ap- 
plied to  Tor  the  purpose,  both  by  letter  and 
through  Mr.  Schoiilerifl,  anil  thai  ;ent1e- 


t  had  f 


o  Ihe 


invaluable  assistanc-.  It  «iu  snin  aHer- 
wards  oaderitond  that  Mr.  Broadhead 
wat  about  reinmin;  rrom  Europe,  irilh 
•11  the  remiinint  documents  he  had  tac- 
eeeded  in  procuring,  and  the  committee 
had  delermiaed,  Ihererure,  to  await  hi* 
coniiaK.  But  he  had  the  pleasure  or  as- 
anriail  the  members,  on  their  behalf,  that 
tbair  report  woull  n  no  case  be  delayed 
beyond  Ihe  Brat  mpcia^  of  (he  Society, 
aAer  tbe  summer  vacation. 

Mr.  John  IV.  E  Imonds  read  an  histo- 
rical sketch,  entitled  "Some  passages  in 
tbe  life  of  Oovemor  Tompkint." 

I  The  paper  was  eonSned  principally  to 

.the  events  of  1814 — ■  very  gloomy  and 
■niioas  period  of  the  late  irar  with  Eng- 
land. It  commeaeed  by  deKribini  the 
■tate  of  thinm  at  the  belinninn  of  that 
jear.  The  Lake  Champlain  Fhintier  was 
threatened  with  a  powerful  army  under 
Sir  Oeo.  Provost,  and  dwcketts  Haibor, 
Osweio,  and  (he  mouth  of  the  Qenesee 
river,  by  a  eombinei  land  anf  sea  force 
ttnler  Sir  James  Yeo.  On  the  Niagara 
frontier  tbe  American  army  hnd  been 
driven  out  of  Canada,  and  Lt.  Qen. 
Srnmmoiid  had  croa<el  Ihe  lines,  hnrned 

;  LewistoD.  Sehtwser,  Btiffalo  and   Black 

Bock,  and  driven  oar  forcrs  and  the  in- 
habitauta  far  into  Ihe  interior.  Sat  Har- 
toron  Lonz  Island  was  also  threateoed, 
■ad  I'Ord  Hill  was  a^semblin?  n  lar^e 
force  at  Halifai  dealined  to  the  attach  of 
New  Yort ;  the  enemy  intenHin^  by  simul- 
taneous attacks  to  form  a  junction  by  the 
Halson  river  and  cat  off  all  eommunica- 
li(M  between  the  Butern  Stales  and  the 
lenl  oT  tbe  Union  At  this  lime  Qov. 
ToMpkioi,  with  the  Hunje  of  Assembly 
an,l  the  ConQcIl  of  Appointment  opposed 
to  him  it)  politic*— wbh  little  aid  from  ihe 


111 

General  Government,  for  it  w«s  almoM 
penniless — brought  into  Ihe  fitld  nearlj 
30,000  troops,  raised  13,000,0011  for  th« 
public  service,  commanded  nearly  :fO,UOO, 
troops  in  pcnon,  called  an  extra  tetbioit 
of  Ihe  L^iilaiure,  and  underwent  besides 
all  the  onJiaary  labors  vt  nduiiniiileriag 
the  Rovernment  of  Ihe  Stale.  DuriQt[ 
this  year  he  was  tendered  by  Mr,  Madi- 
son the  oBice  of  Secretary  of  State,  which 
he  declined,  but  ha  necrpted  (he  eatira 
eommaad  of  (he  3d  Military  Uislriet, 
which  he  held  until  the  April  rullowin;. 

The  eonseqoenee  of  his  measures  wa^ 
that  the  enemy  were  beaten  at  Platte 
burgh,  aud  their  Oeei  on  I.ake  Champlain 
destroyed,  were  driven  from  the  Niagara 
frontier,  and  the  threatened  attack  oa 
New  York  was  directed  to  New  Orleans, 
where  the  war  terminated  with  the  vic- 
tory of  (he  8lh  of  January,  1819. 

Mr.  Edmonds  had  aelecled  an  inlerett- 
inn  period  for  his  paper,  and  he  made  it 
(he  more  inlercslint  by  AllinR  It  princj- 
pally  with  the  eormpondence  of  Ihs 
promiaenl  men  of  thai  day. 

Among  that  correspondence  wai  ona 
between  the  Goveraor  and  a  Clemyman, 
the  Rev.  Benjamin  Woostcr,  Fairljcid, 
Vermont,  from  which  it  appeared  that 
when  Sir  Gearse  Prevost  with  his  ncaj 
invaded  our  Champlain  frontier,  the 
Militia  of  Vermont  were  called  oat. 
When  the  alarm  reached  Fairfield,  Mr. 
Wootter  was  juat  preparing  to  preach  to 
his  poople,  preparatory  to  (he  sacrameolal 
■upper;  withoul  a  momenl's  delay,  hia 
people  taroed  out  en  maitt,  chose  their 
pBS(or  (o  be  their  leader,  under  his  cmn- 
nand,  reached  Ptattiborgh  in  season,  and 
fought  bravely  (hrongh  the  whola  of  that 
iuece*sfnl  hatde. 

The  Governor  commenced  (bete  lervi- 
ces  by  a  prrtenl  of  a  superb  copy  of  (ha 
Bible,  which  was  accompanied,  and  tta 
r  eeipl  acknowledged,  by  {eltera,  which 
proved  a  very  interEStia;  portion  of  ths 
paper  read  to  the  Society. 

On  motion  of  Prof.  Mason,  Ihe  Ihanba 
of  Ihe  Society  were  returned  to  Mr.  Ed- 
moads  for  Ihe  interrsling  paper  read  bf 
him,  and  a  copy  reqaesled  for  depoMi  IB 

The  Preaident  appointed  Hr.  W,  W. 
Campbell  to  (ill  the  vacancy  in  (he  emiu 
mittee  of  publication,  caused  by  Ihe  re- 
signation of  Mr.  Gibbs. 

The  Society  then  adioamed  to  nEel  on 
tbe  first  Wednesday  in  October,  unlets 
sooner  called  (ugether  by  tbe  ExeeutiVQ 
Comrailtee, 

The  doM  ofthe  evening  was  pleasant- 
ly parsed  by  the  memben  and  visitots  Jft 
the  gal)et7,  whereaiimple  refMt  awaited 


=1  Google 


lis  Nan  York  Kulaneal  SoeUly.  [July,  1844. 

Tbe  pablic  inlercft  in  the  proceeding        3d.  StKtinics  orFrance,  Eiteriar  Caw 

oriheNeirYDrbUuloricslSMiety,B.eiii«  BKree.    Paris,  1838. 
to  be  steadily  increasing;  the  allendance        4lh.  Statistic*  of  France,  Agricnllnie, 

ji  more  PQinerous  and  oont^tanl;  the  Cor-  4  TnlnmcE.      1840-42. 
ttapoDdeDce  more  extended;  the  pepere        tilh.  Suiisties  of  France,  PnbUc  Ad- 

vead  agreeable,    able    and     appropriate  minialrnliaa.     1843. 
•ontribntions  lu  Ibe  Historic  matrriali,  in        Theae  volamei,  which  are  aplendidly 

Which  the  rnstilntion  ii  alreadj  so  rich,  printed  at  the  Hojal  Presi,  form  an  ele- 

A  new  catalogue  of  the  Library  is  in  pre-  gant  as  well  as  a  tiilaabie  addition  to  the 

pamiioD.    A  new  Tcjume  of  collection  ii  librarr,  sod  well  deserve  an  examinalioit 

dmoat  completed;  and  a  commiileeof  oar  from  onr  pnblic  men. 
moil  respectable  lB<r;er«  end  mercbinls        The  Chairman  of  the  EiecntiTc  Cem- 

•n  now  engaged  in  raiMn;  *  sufficient  mitlee  preaeoted  a  report  upon  Ibe  oont- 

MBoont  of  money  to  place   tba  Saeiety,  nations  whicfa  had  been  referred  lo  tfaem 

wtaieb  i»Dowfree  from  debt,  upon  a  stable  at  the  laU  meeting,  and  the  geoUeiDeit  rs- 

and  permBDcnt  foundation.  commended  were  nnnnimouBlj  elected. 

Mr.   Jay  gave  notice  of  a   propoMd 

amendment  lo  the  Tib  section  of  the  Con- 

Speciat.  Mektino — Tuesday  evening,  stitution,  to   restore  tbe  furtner  mle,  of 

June  18.— The  First  Vice  President,  Wm.  electing  members  ai  a  meeting  snbseqnMt 

B.  Lawkenci:,  Esq.,  in  the  Chair.  to  the  one  at  wbicb  Ihey  have  been  noml- 

Mr.  Folsom  slated  that  the  slatistieal  a^ted. 
wports  which  were  referred  to  in  the  let-        The  gentlemen  e'ected'are  asfollowt: 
t«r  of  Mr,  Walsh,  of  Paris,  read  at  the        SuUtnl  Jlfeinier*.— John  C.   Qreene, 

lutrntering,  bad  been  reeeiTcd ;  and  on  Geo;^  C.  Oriswold,  Waldron  B.  Port, 

kis  motion  ii  was—  Ocorae  Potts,  D.  D.,  Her,  Corhan  Ab- 

Beaolied,  That  Ibe  tbanka  of  Ihit  So-  bat,  Rev.  Jacob  Abbot,  Vm.  E.  Wilmo- 

Ciely  be  giren  to  the  Hinislei  of  Com-  ding,  »r,  Richard  S  KisMm,  Benjtiain  H. 

nieice,  of  PraBce,  foe  the  very  valonhle  Field,  Jobn  L.  Mason, CambridgeLiTing. 

Mid  moat  acceptaUe  donation   of  eight  ston,  Henry  Hnll  Ward,  Rev.  Wm.  Adam*, 

lolnmes  o{  the  Statulique  de  la  Franet  tit  D.  !>.,  Charle*  F.  Hunler,  Charl^  E. 

thil  Society;  and  that  the  Foreign  Cor-  West,  ElUba  F.  Hurlbut,  Hon.  Wm.  In- 

responding  SecreUry  be  instnicted  to  com-  oljs,  Joehna  M.   Van  Cotl,  George  W. 

mDDieate  this  fieiolotion  to  that  distin-  Moirell,  Pliny  Earle,  M.  D.,  Fraoeil  W. 

gnished  fnnctionary.      ~  Edmonds,  John  B.  Peters,  Esqrs. 

A  dapllcale  set  of  these  reports  has        Corrrtpoiidag Mrvibtri JaredP.Kirt- 

been  received  for  ihe  National  loslilnle  at  innd,  M.  D.,  of  Cleavelnnd,  Ohio  j  Hob. 

Wuhingtoa;  and  Mr.  Walsh's  letter  men-  JobnUw,  ViaGenneB,Ind.'.HenryBrown, 

tioaed  that  the  Minntet  of  Commerce  Esq.,  of  Chicago,  III.;  Giles  F.   Yatei, 

Iwd  promised  to  give  the  whole   series,  E»ii ,   of  Scbenertedy,  N.   Y. ;   Thomaa 

which  will  amoDDt  to  eighly-sii  volumes.  Colley  Grallan,  Esq.,  Her  Britannic  Ma- 

The  admirable  arrangemenl  and  rnlness  jesly'i  Coniol  at  fiostoni  Wm.  B.  Samp- 

of  detail  which  characterize  these  vol.  son,  Esq.,  of  London  (author  of  Criminal 

«IDM  gire  lo  them  great  interest   and  Jurisprudence,  Ac.  lu:.);  Eev.  Dr.  Wm. 

nloc.     They  are  briefly  as  follows  i  Scoresby,  of  England. 

1st.  Statirtienl  documents  upon  France,        ifonororj  Sfemfer*— Thomas  Clarktoo, 

published  by  the  Minister  of  Commerce,  the  Philanthropist,  of  Playford  Halt,  Ip*- 

Imperial  cjaario,  Paris,  18.1IS,  1  volume.  wich,  England;  Hon.  Charles  Aogtutaa 

This  constitutes  the  inlroduclory  toI-  Murray,  of  England, 
mme  lo  the  collection,  Ibe  pnblieation  of       The  Chairman  submitted  an  interealing 

which  WHS  cominencedin  that  year,  and  docnment  of  the  periodof  the  Bevolution, 

contains  a  slieteh  of  the  system  proposed,  presented  to  the  Society  bjr  JonaUian  £d- 

The  general  divisions  are  as  follows:  wards,  Esq.,  of  this  city.    The  original 

1st,  Territory ;  2d,  Popalation ;  3d,  Ag-  commission  of  the  Traitor  Benedict  Ar- 

rienltore;  4th,  Mines;  5lh,Indnslry;  6th,  nold,  as  commander  of  the   Expedition 

CcnmRce;  7th,  Nangalion;  8th,  Colo-  against  Ticonderoga,  in  July,  t77&.    Thii 

nies|  Bth,  Inlernal  Administration ;  lOth,  doeoment  pasaed  into  Ihe  hands  of  Ibe 

Hnaneet;    Ilth,  Militaty  Force;    ISth,  donor  from  the  papers  of  his  late  grand- 

UariDe;  13lh,  Justice;  14th,  Pnbiic  Li-  falha-,  the  Hon.  Pierpont  Edwa^  of 

MractiOB.  Connecltcnl. 

These  general  divisiDns are  further  mib-        Onmotionof  Mr.  6ibba,il  wasreaolred 

JJTJded.  and  tha  phn  of  statitlical  inquiry  that  the  Library  be  closed  from  and  after 

^rtWl«H.  the  1st  day  of  July  proxioM,  dnriag  W^ek 

Sd.  IJUiiitia  of  France,  Tetritorr  aad  Timn  si  ihi  Tiliisiis aj  iliiiwni  iiiiHif 

FopoUlion,  to).    Paris,  1S37.  Tbe  Society  then  a^jowwd. 


IJ.gitizcd  by 


Google 


DNITED  STATES  MIGAZING, 


DEMOCRATIC  REVIEW. 


AUGUST,  IB44. 


FIRST  AND  SECOND  HATE  MEN. 

Tib  Whin  have  aunmed  the  right  to  he  hu  dstbt  mads  himMlf  the  rapn- 
■oesT,  with  Tsry  mnaMia  exaltation,  MDUtive  of  speoikl  inlereat*,  powerfhl 
orar  our  Braaideatut]  namination,  in  ihoi]g:h  partial,  great  thou^  nnJoM 
eonbmat  with  their  own,  with  rsapect  to  and  unconBtitutional,  so  as  to  be  an 
the  alleged  personal  oalibre  of  the  two  antbor  of  "  •yaloroa"  miattamed  "Ame- 
candidates.  Clsj  is  what  is  commoniy  rican,"  and  to  be  looked  up  to  bj  rast 
oalled  a  "  gioat  man," — in  ererj  aeiwe  intetesta,  pecuniary  and  lectioiia],  as 
thej  claim  the  title  fot  faira,  and  in  their  special  hope  and  delight ; — or  so 
some  we  freelj  oonoede  it.  Lucifer  as  lo  be  takea  up  by  a  large  corporat» 
once  held  hi*  head  among  the  highest  moneyed  power  to  head  its  forces  in  a 
in  the  angelic  host.  Polk  is  indeed  a  eampaign  of  excerminatioD-agaiDM  the 
lABch  TBunger  man,  aad  diat  he  has  goTomment  of  the  ooantry.  None  of 
heretofore  filled  a  much  less  oilenaiTe  these,  Mr.  Clay's  unchallenged  claiioB 
and  brilliant  space  in  tbe  public  eye,  is  to  greatness,  it  must  be  admitted,  eau 
ondeni^le.  The  same  might  once  be  pretended, for  Mr.  Polk.  On  the 
have  been  eaid  of  a  certain  giant  whoae  strength  of  these  and  other  aimilat  U- 
■peai  was  a  weaver's  beam,  and  a  sbep-  ties,  our  opponents  are  welcome  to  all 
herd  boy  whose  sole  weapon  was  a  their  pride  in  their  chief  as  a "  great 
sUng  and  tiiree  jpebblea  from  the  brook  man," — we  are  content  with  duts  as  a 
by  which  he  had  been  wont  to  tend  the  g(fod  one,  and  great  enoagb  (or  all 
flocks  of  Jesse.  Ur.  Polk  has,  indeed,  practioat  pnrpoees. 
naret  had  the  opportonity  of  placing  The  two  oandidatea  indeed,  with  a 
Unwelfin  the  "line  of  safe  pceoedents"  felicity  of  adaptation  and  correspond- 
far  the  Presidential  sucoessian  as  Se-  ence,  which  ie  no  mere  accident,  majr 
exettfry  of  State,  under  Btreumstanees  be  said  in  a  remarkable  manner  to  re- 
aiiU  aaforgotten,  andnerertobe  forgot,  present,  respectirely,  the  spirit  and 
— and  if  ho  had  enjoyed  a  similar  op-  character  of  the  tvro  great  parties  t^ 
poitanity,  we  fear  we  must  concede  the  whom  they  have  been  chosen.  Aaa 
eonfeaaion  thalhemost  assuredly  would  general  role,  though  liable  to  aoei- 
nerer  hare  made  a  similar  nse  of  it.  denial  exception,  this  mast  nsaally  bv 
He  has  nerer  beso  thrice  beaten  as  a  the  case. 

catididMe  for  the  Presidency, — nor,  as  Hi.  Clay  is  tmly  the  living  embodi- 

WD  nnat  again  needs  Bonfess,  is  he  ever  menl  and    incarnation   of   his  party. 

likely  to  be,  evea  onoe.     He  baa  never  Eloqsent,  ahowy,  versatile,  adrmt,  im- 

bcena  gnat,  bold  and  hi^  gambler  at  perioua,  and  nnscrnpulona — as  George 

the  rmdette  taUa  of  pditicd  ambition  the  Fourth  was  the  reoognised  perfee-      ,  ~.               .. 

— (nor  at  any  othBr)~4nd,  ther«fere,  tion  and  pattern  of  a  "  geDtleBan,"  u-     t^jOOQ  IC 


116  Firtt  md  Second  Rate  Aftn.  [Aug. 

eordiBg  to  Ihe  Anglo- ariEtoentic  eense  aonal  raoralit;  laitabte  to  tbem,  msd  of  ' 

<rf'tbe  word,  m  employed  bj  those  who  %  political   integrity  leli&ble  for  their 

were  wont  bo  to  apply  it  to  him,  so  is  faithful  and  firm  Bappart.  These  ooodi- 

Ifr.  Clay  the  patieio  and  perfeciioD  of  tiona  aeeorei],  that  of  the  rer;  highest 

a  Whig — in   the   modern    degenerate  intellectual  emiaenoe,  thoogh  not  to  be 

awaiUDgof  the  term.    As  the  prc^gate  disregarded,  is  bnt  teeonaarj  in  out 

ininee  was    "  the  first  gentleman  in  care.  I 

England,"  so  ia  the  profligate  pditi-        And  these   conditions   are  bj  com- 

oian  fitly  the  first  Whig  in  America.  A  mon  conaent  admirably  nnited  in  Mr.  ' 

■eeoitd-rate  imn  in  point  of  eloqoence,  Polk.     He  woold,  therefore,  haie  been 

^ktallectual  force,  and  emioenee  of  rank,  perfectly  satisfactory   to    ns    ss   oar  i 

wonld    never   have    answered— eonld  party  candidate  foi    the    presidency, 

DOTer  haTe  been  adopted — aa  the  head  CTen  if  he  had  poaseaaed  in  a  far  less 

of  snch  a  party.    We  concede  them  degree    than  be  has   already    amply 

Ibis  credit.     They  are  nataially  fond  proved,  the  farther  addition  of  the  lat- 

of  splendor   and    Btrength~laige  and  ter  qaalification,  for  the  high  oflica  to  | 

Bweepiog    action — bold    and  ^illiant  which  he  is  about  to  he  called.    Instead  | 

ener^  of  enterprise,     Soch  is  precise-  of  bebg  cooled  in  the  zeal  of  their  | 

1y  the  character  their  tRstiact  has  ever  support  of  him,  for  the  saJce  of  the 

tended  uid  striven  to  impress  upon  the  caDae  represented   in  his   person   and 

government.      Aristocracies  generally  name,  by  all  the  Whig  sneers  of  de-  . 

require  high  personal  qualifications  in  precialion,  the  Democracy  would  have  | 

dieir  leaders  and  Ibeir  inatnimenta,  as  been  perfectly  content  had  he  indeed 

the  most  brilliant  talent  at  the  bar  is  been  less  of  a  *  great  man,'  than  they 

osnally  feed  highest  in  cases  of  the  already  full  well  know  him  to  be.     His 

most  equivocal  morality.      Your  Pitta  purity  of  private  life  no  tongue  even  of 

and  Peels,  you T  Clays  and  Webstets,  partisan  slander  ventuies  to  assail.    H* 

uethe  statesmen  for  them.  u  not  merely  the  leforaied  penitent  of 

The  Democratic  parly  on  the  other  past  habits  of  vice   and  degradation — 

bod  care  much  less  for  "  great  men,"  (the  best  that  can  be  even  pretended 

— great  men,  we  mean,  by  Ihia  stand-  for   his  competitor) — hot  he  baa  been- 

udof  eatimation.     We  prefer  a  I^-  eoosistently  and  conscieatioody  &  mo- 

Ayelte  to  a  Bonaparte,     We  care  little  ral  and  religious  man  from  his  youth, 

for  gold  or  gem  on  the  hilt,  if  the  sim-  The  firmness  of  bis  politioal  integrity 

pie  blade  be  but  tmsty  and  true.     The  has  been  proved  by    an  uodeviating 

elitter  of  greatness  has  Utile  charm  in  conaistency  of  principle  and   conduct 

It  to    daszle   our   eyea.     True,   firm,  through  all  his  past  political  life,  to- 

honeat  and  consiBteat  men  are,  if  not  ^ether  with  an  energetic  leal  and  ardor 

all  we  want,  yet  what  we  want  firat  in  the  support  of  hia  opiniona  and  his 

Ud  most.     Hence  it  is  that  we  never  party,  best  attesting  the  source  from 

take  up  the  deBerters  from  the  other  which  they  apring.     He  has  come  into 

side  to  oScei  onr  troops  ;  the  Whigs  his  present  position,  too,  in  a  mode  not 

always  do.     Our  eyes,  our  thoughta,  only  disproving  any  possible  cha^e  of 

oar  hearts,  are  more  steadily,  more  de-  the  employment  of  intrigue  or  eObrt  to 

votedly,  more  confidently,  fixed  on  our  attain  it,  but  denying  to  bis  worst  eoo- 

prineiplea,  than  on  the  personal  parade  my  the  very  poaaibility  of  insinuating 

of  oui  politicians.    We  rarely  give  the  charge.     He  had  not  aspired  to  it 

large  latitude  of  discretion,  in  reliance  — had  not  desired  it — had  not  dreamed 

on   personal   character   and   power  of  of  it.     He  waa  at  a  distance,  and  had 

inlelleet.     Our  public  men  never  think  taken  no  part  in  it — had  had  no  know- 

MT  a^ing  a  "generous  confidence"  at  ledge  of  the  ^itations  which  so  long 

Otn  hsnu.  We  are  the  party  that  give  reigned  in  the  Convention.     At  a  mo* 

iBStmetions  to  our  represenlalivea,  and  ment  when  the  dissensions  by  which 

novor  forgive  their  violation  of  them,  that  body  was  distracted  were  at  their 

Oar  opponents  are  avowedly  the  party  height — when,  in  the  contest  between 

thai  diMonntenancea  the  former,  while  ths  friends  and  the  opponents  of  Mr. 

h  ai^nds  and  welcomes  to  its  highest  Van  Buren,  the  latter  being  for  the 

nWards  those  who  from  our  side  can  most  part  united  on  an  indiv^aal  who 

hang    the    latter    title     to    their   fa-  waa  thus  made  the  representative  of 

Tor.    Representatives  of  our  princi-  the  movement  of  opposition  t«  him,.  . 

j/iet  an  wbM  we  want—men  of  a  per-  a  state  of  feeling  had  gradually  d*-        q\c 


WU.]  TVif  mi  Steend  JUtt  Men.  1 17 

veloped  iUelf  which  wonld  probablj  c«MioTi  toitutWhi^imptUitianigunat 
have  DWdD  it  axtremely  dang-erons  to  our  candidate  lo  which  we  hare  klladed. 
Bominate  either — at  that  moment  when  Nothing  can  be  further  from  out  inton- 
nmtlers  had  loached  that  criaia  id  tion — nothing  further  from  out  opinion 
oomiQUinK  bodies  when  the  aelection  — nothing  further  from  the  truth,  in- 
ef  a  thircT  man,  mutually  aooepuble,  deed,  we  haje  do  doubt  that  Mr.  Folk 
affordn  the  onlj  meaoa  of  reuniting  the  will  retirefrom  the  PresideDoyfolioived 
alienated  and  embittered  Motions,  Hr.  by  the  concurrent  testimonv  of  all  can- 
Polk  waa  broDght  forward  without  .did  and  liberal  men  of  all  parties,  that 
ftgenoy  of  hca  own  or  of  hia  special  the  office  had  lent  him  no  honor  which 
frienda,  simply  bj  tiie  force  of  cirouro-  be  did  not  return  to  it.  He  u  a  "  fir>t- 
atances,  eodpetalinf  happily  with  his  late"  man — first-rata  in  ability — firat- 
own  perao&al  qnalifieaiiona  and  posi-  rate  Id  dignity  of  character  and  condoet 
tion.  It  waa  no  mere  accident,  how-  — fimt-rsie  in  political  and  peraonai 
ever.  It  oould  not  hare  happened  to  integrity — Arsi-raie  in  purity  i^  oonati- 
an  inferior  or  an  nnwortfay  man.  If  a  tutional  principles,  according  to  the 
crown  was  floating  in  the  air  uncertain  fundamental  docLrines  ofthe  Repablioait 
on  what  head  to  settle,  none  but  a  high  Party.  He  has  already  been  amply 
one,  of  diroenaiona  to  fit  and  strength  tried,  and  those  who  were  present  to 
to  wear  it,  could  attract  it  to  itself,  behold  with  their  own  eyes,  know  best 
On  the  mamutg  of  the  day  on  which  how  admirably  he  has  passed  through 
the  iHHBiiiation  was  made,  the  proposi-  some  of  the  severest  ordeals  by  which 
lion  waa  orffed  on  the  friends  of  Hr.  the  highest  qualities  of  statesmanship 
Van  Bareo,  from  those  Southern  mem-  can  be  tested.  We  refer  to  hie  parli»- 
bera  of  Congreea  whose  organised  and  mentary  career  in  the  House  of  Kepie- 
■ciive  opposition  had  matured  his  de-  sentatiTes — and  espeoially  to  his  lead- 
feat,  to  take  up  either  Hr.  Wright  or  erehip  of  the  Democratic  Patty  in  the 
Mr.  Pclk.  None  hot  a  man  in  the  memorable  panic  period,  together  with 
highest  degree  possessing,  by  hsTing  his  subsequent  stormy  and  aidaons 
desotred,  the  confidence  of  all,  both  in  speakeiBhjp.  By  his  conduct  on  thoM 
his  talents  and  his  integrity,  was  likely  oooasians  Hr.  Folk  placed  himself  on 
to  have  been  proposed  at  that  time,  or  an  eminence,  in  the  judgment  of  all  by 
wonld  haie  bean  aooepCed.  The  union  whom  it  was  witneased,  not  below  thA 
of  the  latter  name  with  the  former,  level  of  any  political  duty  or  rank  to 
abowB  at  once  the  calibre  and  the  cha-  which  the  circumstances  of  the  oouniry 
raetei  that  were  looked  for — that  were  might  at  any  day  afterwards  call  him. 
felt  to  be  demanded  by  the  crisis — and  "  Faithful  over  a  few  things,"  he  well 
that  were  koown  to  meet  ia  the  person  proved  himself  fit  and  worthy  to  be  k 
of  eidiet  of  these  two.  It  waa  one  of  "  mler  aver  many  things."  Bonaparte, 
those  occasions  on  which  the  spoota-  whose  power  of  judging  men  was  one 
neons  choice  of  mnltitndes  constitutea  of  the  greatest  of  bis  qualiliea,  did  not 
the  highest  evidence  of  the  natural  wait  for  men  to  have  consnmed  half  a 
"  right  divine"  for  command,  of  those  life  in  the  tactics  of  the  higher  etrategy 
on  whom  the  honor  of  its  instinctive  at  the  head  of  armies,  before  he  en- 
selection  fixes  itself.  When  men  trusted  the  destinies  of  nations  to  their 
need  a  leader,  they  rarely  fail  to  choose  bands.  In  a  cumpaialively  narrower 
one  from  their  number  best  entitled  to  and  less  elevated  sphere,  they  mi^ 
the  post  because  best  qualified  for  it.  afford  abundant  evideDee  of  their  ca- 
Tha  quick  eathnaiasm  with  which  the  pacity  for  all  the  duties  of  the  broadest 
choice  of  Mr.  Polk  was  received  by    and  the  highest. 

all  saetiona  in  the  Convention,  and  all  Yet  why  do  we  so  far  yield  to  the 
aeclions  of  the  Democracy  out  of  it,  common  modes  of  estimation,  as  to 
alone  constitniea  a  anflicient  proof  of  refer  to  Mr.  Polk's  celebrated  "leader- 
the  eminent  and  firmly- founded  posi-  ship "  of  the  House  of  Repreaenla- 
tion,  even  though  not  in  the  first  tives,  as  having  been  enacted  on  a 
foie-ground  of  national  polities,  which  stage  "  narrower  and  leas  elevated," 
be  already  occupied  in  the  respect  and  than  any  other  that  can  be  afforded  by 
confidence  of  all.  out  institutions  fur  the  disj^y  of  wbU 

Some'reader  may,  possibly,  ao  far  is  in  a  man  and  what  a  man  isl  In 
miseoaeeive  the  spirit  of  the  foregoing  England  that  post  is  one,  during  i(a 
lenuka,  M  to  read  in  them  some  con-    oceupaney  by  a  prisie  nioisiei,  mo-     CiOOQIc 


U$                                 Fir*t  mi  Ste^md  Jlcto  Mtm.  [Aag. 

OKdkTf  ml;  to  Um  thnxw  itMlf.    And  of   tbe  Capitol   foutpetni  to  tint  of 

CMlkinij  tbaio  bta  Reroi  beeo  »  •«■-  tgitatkiQ  and   paiiM ;  ut   eifikjadicwl 

noa  in   the   Houm  of  ConunooB    in  «ad  bnutding  •entanoe  pnnoanced  opoi 

whkh  that  Mrrice  hM  been  mate  ax-  the  Chief  Hagisti*!*  of  the  ratim,  in 

dnons— D«Ter  one  in  wbtch  it  hka  beea  violatioii  of  usage  tnd  of  the  Constitii. 

mart  adaaiMy  eostsiiMd — than  it  w«b  tkm, — tbeee  faatnres  present  tnd  a  faint 

mt  tfae  period  in  qneKion  in  oni  Hooae  pictnre  of  tlM   Blnnn    and    oMdarion 

of  KepreMDlatiTei,     But  we  pmfei  to  wbtcb    prevailed.     CtiHOTBatiw    had 

')  Iron)  a  farmer  Dumber  of  this  almoet  seised  upon  tiieiepaUieuiraaka, 


«nte  iiom  a  farmer  Dumber  of  this  almaet  seised  upon  tiieiepaUieuiraake, 

Hsriaw  (May,  1B38),  the  accamt  of  it  Hunned  by  deiettioiia  and  batasMd  bf 

then  readered,  at  a  tinie  when  none  of  diatiaeting  doubla  and  fean.    But  tlie 

the  motnea  to  a  iwtiiral  esaggeiatioa  atern  reaolve  of  him  vfaoee  ina  am 

eiiated,  vbioh  might  perhaps  be  im-  guided  the  helm  of  State,  oxtdvcted  the 

MUed  to  any  preaent  eology  from  a  periloiu  conflict  to  a  BQecaaafnl  iisne. 

DamooTatio  pen :  Nor  abaaid  we  for^  the  eminent  aer- 

"In  Se^ranber,  1833,  the  Preeident,  vicee  of  the  individnsl  who  presided 

indiffnant  at  the  open  defiance  of  law  overtheCoramittBeof  WayaandMeans. 

t^ae  Bank  of  the  United  States,  and  Hiscaoloeee,pKimptitiida,andabaBdant 

lUng   oonupltoa    which    it  teeonreee  were  never  at  bait.     Hh 

etennined  npoa  the  bold  and  opemng  epeeeh  in  vinditatipn  of  the 

Msnie  of  the  removal  of  the  Preaidenf  a  mMaore,  conlaina  all  the 

hieh  was  eAeted  in  the  fol>  material  facte  and  leasoos  on  the  lepob- 

ith.    The  act  pratBced  mneh  licanadeof  the«neatiN),«9tfcncedwi(fa 

duonriuHit  tbe  coantry,  and  mtusb  power  and  illaatnted  bf  great 

nen  Aat  a  great  add  donbt-  iceewcli.    To  this  nieecfa  almost  every 


pnetised,  determined  npoa  the  bold  and  opemng  epeeeh  in  vinditation  of  the 

salntny  meaanre  of  the  removal  of  the  Preaidenf  a  mMaore,  conlaina  all  the 

depoHta,  which  was  oAeted  in  the  foU  mMerial  facte  and  leaaoos  on  the  lepob- 

knnngmanth.    The  act  pratBced  mneh  licanadeof  the«neatiN),«9tfcncedw'^ 
'''*''           *  war  and  illaatnted  bf  gr 

To  this  qieecfa  almost  every 
fal  oondict  waa  abavt~to  eaane.  At  member  of  tbe  Oj^nailioa,  who  spoke 
aoch  a  erisia  it  became  important  to  npon  die  queelion,  attempted  to  rMly, 
have  at  the  bead  of  the  Committee  of  bst  the  argmneBts  which  its  anuior 
W^B  and  Means,  a  man  Of  courage  to  hnm^  forward  to  eatabliah  the  pemr  j 
naet,  and  fltmaeee  to  sustain,  tbe  for-  of  tlwI^eeidentnndertheCoiistitiitioa, 
midaUe  ebox^.  Bach  a  man  waa  foaad  as  elncidated  by  contcmporaneoaa  er 
in  Hi.  Pcdk,  and  he  proved  lumaeif  early  expoaitMxi,  to  do  the  act,  n4iich. 
eqoBl  to  the  ccoaaion.  Cingress  met,  had  bemaobcMlydenomioed  asa  Mgti- 
and  the  cenfliot  proved  even  Seioer  than  banded  and  tyrannical  neuipation,  could 
had  been  anticipated.  Tbe  canoe  of  tbe  neither  be  refuted  nor  weakened.  Mr. 
Bank  was  mppotted  in  the  Houae  by  UcDnffie,  the  diatingnished  leader  of 
raeb  men  aa  Mr.  HcDuffie,  Adams  and  ibe  C^^weition  in  this  eventfnl  conflict, 
fiiuaT,  not  to  mention  a  inat  of  otlter  bore  testimonj,  in  his  condndii^  re- 
names. It  is  instmetive  to  look  back,  raaiks,  to  tbe  "boUneseandmMilinesa'* 
tn  cahnn-  times,  te  the  reign  of  twror  with  which  Mt.  Pdh  had  aeemned  tbe 
known  aa  tbe  Panic  Session.  The  only  poaition  which  coald  be  jodiciowsly  | 
Bank,  with  the  whole  commerce  of  tbe  taken.  The  financial  portion  of  this 
ooHntry  at  its  feet,  attematdy  tortoring  speech,  and  that  in  which  be  eicposed  j 
and  easing  its  miserable  peneionera  as  the  g^aiing  misdeeds  of  the  bank,  were 
tbey  increased  or  rehuted  llieir  cries  <^  no  less  emcient.  When  Mr.  McDoSe  I 
finaanial  agony ;  pntdic  meetings  held  had  oonclnded  the  remarks  to  irttich  we 
in  overj  city  with  scarcely  the  inter-  have  alluded,  a  member  from  Virginia, 
nMNon  of  a  day.dntouncing  the  Freai-  after  a  Gbw  pertinent  trfnervationB,  de- 
deat  as  a  tyrant  and  tbe  enen^  of  hie  mandedtheiwevioneqnestion.  A  more 
coantry ;  ^^pntations  ftooktng  frmn  (he  intense  excitement  was  never  felt  in 
towna  tn  extort  from  him  a  reiactant  Congress  than  at  this  thrillinff  moment, 
anfamiaaion ;  Whig  oraton  liaveraing  Tlie  two  parties  looked  at  each  other  for  , 
y,and  etimnlartng  the  pasaioos  a  space,  in  sullen  silence,  like  two 
1  mohitadea,  without  respect  anmee  on  (be  eve  of  a  deadly  ewflict. 
n  to  the  aaactit^  of  the  Sabbath;  in-  Tbe  motion  of  Mr.  Mason  prevailed,  the 
(Buamatoty  raemonale  poured  into  Con-  debate  was  arrested,  and  die  division  I 
gieas  from  every  qnaiter ;  the  Senate  proved  a  trium^dttAt  victory  far  die  re- 
ahnoet  deeremng  itself  into  a  stats  of  publican  cause.  'Hie  Bank  then  gave 
pennanentinmrrection,andpraelaiminf  np  tbacanteat  in  despair.  * 
lhntaievalutiOBhadali«eSybegnn;aS  "The  position  c^  Cfaainaan  of  t^ 
UwboaiiMMOf  lepdatioDinboUiwinga  Conanittaeof  Ways  and  Hetna,  t^uJ^.-vQl/r. 


hacovntn,a 
if  excited  m 


UU.]  Tir*t  nd  Second  lUU  Mt».  tl9 

tUaw  »  nKMt  udvouB  »aA  respauiUB  tmcamrnaiiaing  conne   hul  rendand 

■oe,  wMfbnblj  aost  this  aenioo,  which  him  less  acceptable,  anGCMded  ineket- 

iriUioimui  epoch  iathepoUtic»lMiBal«  ing  a  genUeman,  then  a  profBMed  fiiHid, 

of  the  Goantr^.    Hr.  Polk  occupied  it  but  biiic«,  ■  decided  of^Kaent  of  tba 

far  tiie  ftr«t  tune.    Fran  it*  orguiin-  President  and  iue  measoiea.   Kb".  Pdk'e 

tioB  aad  the  nature  (rf  its  duties,  this  detintiniaducednochuigeiahiscoiuse. 

ffflnmittTm  mast  be  at  all  timM  the  chief  He  remained  faithful  to  hia  pai^,  and 

of!giii  of  aveiy  adminisliaticai  in  the  aaoiduoua  in  the   pericsiiiance   of  Ida 

HwMe.    At  this  BBwipn  it  was  fcr  ob-  ardnons  duties.    In  December,  1836,be 

rioaa  iCMotw  pacntiaflr  so.    To  attack  was  elected  Speaker  ol  the  Honae  ai 

it, tbea,wa8to8trikeBttheg0Tenmieat;  RspresentatiTee,  and  choaen  again  in 

to  embanasB  its  actioa  was  to  thwart  September  bat,  after  an  animated  con- 

the  co«ne  of  dw  adniBMtntian.    Ex-  test  ThedntiesoftliiadifficnltaitDatiaD, 

tiMrdioKry  and  indisctiotiDate  opposition  it  ia  now  cooceded,  he  baa  diacbai^ 

waa  acctwdin^y  made  to  all  the  appro-  with  rare  fidelity  and  &imes8.    [n  the 

pdalka  hills.    It  wwarowed  in  debate,  beginning    nnueoal    difficotties    were 

that  it  ma  within  Ae  scope  of  legiti-  &ri>wn  in  hia   way  by  an  animoei^ 

mate  o^osition,  to  withhold  even  die  which  was  aometioies   carried  to  an 

Oidinafy  anaiiliee    until    the    depoaito  extent  that  called  frath  genoial  animad- 

weKKsUvedto  the  Bank  of  the  United  veraEon.      Dnring  the  first  seaairai  in 

Slatea ;  thM  this  raatitntion  mnBt  be  which  he  pieaided  ram  a(q»eak  were 

awde,  ttr  wrnhdian  enaae.    The  Bank  takra  &om  hia  deeiaion  than  had  ee- 

BMt  trinnipbi  or  the  wbeela  <tf  Govent-  enrred  in  the  ^hdA  period  since  tha 

ntat  be  aaeetad.    The  people  ahmiH  originoftheGovwnmentsbiitbewmaani- 

naver  ianit  Hk  pmk  of  a  owlest,  in  fbnaly  stutaioed  br  the  Houae,  and  by 

whioh  tbey  were  alntoet  GooHrained  to  many  of  hia  political  advemriea.  Stnn- 

•aacnoib.    The  recoUectienalwald  warn  fera  of  all  parlieB  wbo  visit  Waahinghm  , 

theoi  not  to  build  m  a^ain  a  power  in  are  struck  with  the  dignity,  pDmptttnde, 

the  State  of  such  fonmdahle  ucoltiea.  and  impartiality  with  which  be  preaiilBa 

The  tactics  whioh  we  have  just  describ-  over  the  delUwtationa  of  the  Hooae.    h 

edi  thiew  great  addittooal  labor  apm  waa  with  peat  pleaante  that  we  l»aid, 

the  ■•■''— """"i  and  paitictilarly  upon  bat  the  o&rday,  an  eminent  member 

ita  chairman.    Fully  apprised  of   die  of  the  OpjuaitioQ  in  that  body,  bear  the 

djgcultiee   be   had  to  encounln,  be  same  teatmHmy.     Notwithsiandiif  tlie 

"  ''tined  bis  poat  with  aleej^essvigi-  violence  with  which  bebad  been   aa- 

aod  unlirin;  acting.     He  was  aailed,  Ctn^reaa  passed,  at  the  doae  of 

9  ready  to  give  the  Honae  ample  tbe  aessiiui  m  1637,  an  unanimouB  vote 


enlMiationa  upon  every  item,  however    trf'  Ih&nka  to  its  oreaiding  officer,  from 
Bunute,  of  the  various  appiopriatiOBa.    whom  it  e^amted  with  tlwk' 


always 

tions 

,  oft ,.., .  

Ue  was  ever  prompt  to  meet  any  ob-  logs ;  and  no  man,  now,  could  couoy  its 

JBctione  which  might  be  started,  aiid  of  confidence  and  friendship  in  a  niglm 

quick  wgacity  to  detect  tbe  art^cea  to  degree.    Hie  calmnessaodgood  te~     - 

which    StctJoDs    diBiDfeDOoneness    is  have  alla^  the  violence  of  oppos 

Bfooe  to  resort    AD  Uie  meaaurea  of  in  a  station  for  which  bis  quid 


Bfooe  t _    _ ___  ..     ..  , 

the  committee,  including  those  of  para-  coolness,  and  sagacity  eminently  quality 

moant  importance,  relating  to  the  bank  him. 

and  tlw  depoeita,  weie  carried  in  spite  "Fewpublicmenbaveparenedafirmer 

of   tbe   most    immitisable   opposition,  ormore  consistent  couiaethauUr.  Folk. 

The  tru^Jtaarted  republicans  who  con-  Upon  several  emer|^nciee,when  the  cm^ 

dactad  this  critical  cimflict  to  a  success-  rent  of  popidar  opinion  threatened  to 

~     '                    a  whom  Ht.  Polk  oecn-  overwhebn  him,  be  haa  sternly  adhered 


aiee  a  diatiiifuisbed  rank,  deserve  tbe  to  the  convictions  of  duty,  preferring  to 

La^nff  giatUude  of  the  country.  sink   with   his    (mnciples,  rather   tnan 

''TWaids  the  cloae  of  the  memorable  rise  by  their  abandmimeot.    This,  we 

seaaion  vi  1834,  Mr.  Speaker  Steven-  have  noticed,  was  the  case  after  his 

son  resigned  die  chair,  as  well  as  his  bank  report  in  1833,  and  be  jncarTed 

seat  in  the  Houm.    The  majority  of  tbe  same  haaard,  when  in  183A  he  avow- 

the    Democratic  party   preferred    Mr.  ed  his  unalterable  purpose  not  to  se- 

P^   9B  his  snceeaaot,  out  in  watue-  paiate  imm  tiie  democratio  pai^  in  tha 

qnenee  of  a  division  in  its  ranks,  the  presidential  election.    Ob  each  of  thaaa 

Cf^oeitwn,  to  whom  hi*  pratninent  and  occaeioas,  die  popvlarexctteManta  kda 


Google 


IM                             Firtt  md  Secimd  lUUt  Men.  [Aq>. 

iliftrict  would  fa»ve  appftlkd  and  dri*«i  need  be  uhuned.    Hr.  Folk  na.j  «dl 

back  a  timid  and  tune^erving  poIiticiBii.  be  proud  of  the  appoiluton,  tbooRli  fint 

Had  be  been  governed  by  arifish  mo-  beaiowed  as  a  aoesT — as  indeed  bave 

tivee;  had  he  consulted  hieown  pehoiml  been  moil  of  the  parij  nicknames  that 

ease  and  looked  to  his  re-electioQ  alone;  have  become  moat  lioiiDTabl«  and  re- 

faad  be,  in  sbort,  regarded  auccesa  more  nmriwd.    Its    happj  adaptatioa    waa 

than  principle,  he  wonld  have  yielded  promptly  and  iaatiiictiTely  reeognixMl 

bis  own  convictjons  to  the  indjcatima,  — the  name    baa    ma    like    wUd-fiia 

not  to  be  mistaken,  of  popnlar  apiniMl.  OTet  the  wbols  countiy — and  we  maT 

But  he  look  counsel  of  noUer  senti-  well  say  to  ila  nninttiiig  author,  who- 

mente,  and  with  a  fearlesBnesB  charao-  erer  he  maj  ba?e  be«t, 
teristic    of   his   whole   public   conine, 

avowed  and  persisted  in  his   wsll-nia-  "  We  thank  thee,  Jew,  foe  tcachiag  ici 

tared  determinations.     He  succeeded  in  that  word !" 
carrying  trath  home  to  an  enli^tened 

C(»iBtitneney,  was  sustained  by  increaa-  Mr.  Folk  will  enter  on  the  Pmideii- 
ing  majorities,  and  is  now  so  strong  in  cy  {of  that  ereot  there  ia,  indeed,  as 
the  good  will  of  bis  district,  that  at  the  Uitle  donbl  as  oan  ever  attend  tdoh  po- 
last  election  no  oppoeittm  was  at  litto^  apecalations) — imderthehai^ieBt 
iMnpted."  aoapicea.  He  will  go  in  aa  a  new  man 
It  may  perhaps  afford  some  slight,  — fresh,  pore,  unembairassed,  hmd- 
even  thou^  needless,  illustration  of  the  tangled.  He  baa  do  special  retinue  of 
tmih  of  this  portraiture,  to  mention  the  friends  and  laToritea,  formed  round  him 
candid  remark  recently  Tolunteered  by  in  gradual  clostering  in  the  cnarse  of 
a  Wk^  member  of  Ctmgms,  in  con-  yearaofunbitioas  aspiration,  and  Turtoal, 
Tersaiioa  with  a  Demooratio  member  thonghlacit,candidat«ahipfbrthePreai- 
,  (now,  in  a  different  elation,  a  resident  dency.  He  has  no  special  set  or  seo> 
of  the  city  oTNew  York) — bothfaariDg  tion  of  politiciana  to  «4iom  be  oan  feel 
serted  with  Mr.  Folk  throngh  the  pe-  that  he  owes  hia  own  eleration,  aa  aajr 
lioda  referred  to  :  "  It  is  absurd  to  talk  act  of  personal  derotion  or  aetriee  on 
«f  Hi.  Polk'a  uafitueSB  or  ineompeten-  their  part,  entitling  them  lo  grateful 
cy  for  lbs  Presidency,  should  be  be  reciprocation  on  his.  He  Stands  in  a 
eleotsd.  We,  who  know,  know  better,  position  perfectly  free  and  independent. 
There  is  noolEce  under  our  institutiona  He  can  have  no  other  motiTC  of  action 
to  which  he  is  not  emineuily  adequate,  tiian  to  prove  hia  worthiness  of  the 
both,  in  talents,  deportment,  and  char-  magniliceot  tribute  of  honor  and  oiwfi- 
acler."  We  do  not  pretend  to  qoote  dence  bestowed  upon  him  by  hia  party 
the  exact  words  employed,  but  gi«e  the  and  bie  country.  With  a  dignified  self- 
nnezaggerated  sense,  for  the  peculiar  denial  creditable  equally  to  his  saguity 
bensGt  of  those  Whig  editors  and  ora-  and  hia  modeaty,  in  the  very  act  of  ac- 
tora  with  whom  this  is  one  of  their  cepting  the  nomination  he  declared  hia 
hroritc  topics.  intention  not  to  be  a  candidate  for  a 
It  will  readily  be  perceived  from  the  second  term.  In  this  he  acted  both 
^Nive,  that  the  Whig  author  of  the  wisely  and  well.  It  cannot  be  denied 
name  "  Young  Hickory,"  ^plied  to  that  the  experience  of  Hr.  l^ler'a  ad- 
Mr.  Polk,  was  mnch  nearer  the  truth  ministration  has  placed  this  qseelion  of 
than  he  knew  himaelf  to  be — taking  the  reeligibility  of  tfae  Present  in  a 
that  tree  as  natomtly  and  fitly  lymboli-  very  different  light  from  that  irtiich  bad 
cal  of  BDch  qnalities  as  have  made  the  been  caat  upon  it  by  all  Am  former 
whole  country  recugnite  the  "  Old  course  of  oar  political  history.  For 
Hickory ''  as  the  happiest  and  truest  onraelves,  We  atill  think  no  less  deetd- 
designation  of  General  Jackson.  Such  edly  than  ever,  that  very  great  benefits 
devicea  or  cant  names  are  purely  ridi-  attend  the  rule  of  reSligibillt*,  as  the 
oulons  and  contemptiUe  when  ibey  only  mode  of  bringing  the  prioDiple  of 
are  adopted  arbitrarily,  and  as  mere  reipontibilUy  to  bear  upon  tiw  Presi- 
fdtraaes  of  party  clap-trap — such  as  deniial  offiee,  and  at  Uie  aarae  lima 
"  log-cabins,"  "  cider-barrets,"  and  affording  the  people  the  opportunity  of 
"  old  coons."  Bat  when  thua  felici-  indulging  that  natural  feeling  towarda 
tonaly  eapreaaive  or  descriptive,  they  ita  incumbent,  that  may  of^n  spring 
benome  elevated  into  a  legitimate  pro-  from  the  events  of  bis  first  term.  Snsh 
pmty  ud  difniqr  of  which  no  man  was  the  populai  fMling  tomid  Ur. 


.^'F 


1«M.)                                              SMoeU.  UI 

Tma  Baieit,  roi  hii  nteuuTe  of  the  Tn-  Term  Pitneiple,  u  it  hu  bMn  ulled 

depeiulBiilTr«Mar;,>ndfoi  the  gallant  — lo  be  operatiTe  io  ill  futuM  omb 

eoateat  be  fooght  in  iu  behalf.     Such,  which  may   not   be   nude   proper  and 

too,  towmid  General  Jackwn  foi   bu  necesMry  eKceptions  bj  vetj  estnor- 

Bank   uid    Inteinal  Inproveniciit  ve-  dinary   canaea.      Mr.   Polk,   we   bara 

toea  in  his  ficBt  lanD.     Were  the  tenure  seen,  wu  prompt  to  take  that  grausd, 

«f  tb«  office  a  ahorter  one — and  were  even  at  the  ezpeaae  of  hia  own  futDTe. 

ha  powers  of  patronage  redaeed  as  we  All  the  benefits  argued  heretofore  In- 

tonat    ere    long  to  behold  them — we  our  oppooenca  to  he  incident  to  thu 

abould   then   indeed    atill  insist    most  principle,  we  shall  have  n  moat  Hjvnr- 

etrneatlj  onthe  rale.     But  Telnctantas  ble  opportunity  to  see  teated, — in  eim- 

we  ate  to  aarrender  the  benefiis  attend-  traat,  too,  with  the  corresponding  OTila 

ing  it,  we  are  atili  more  nnwilLiog  erer  that  may  grow  ontoftbe  other  practice, 

again  to  see  the  power  of  the  oflica  lia-  as  thev  hare  been  illiistrated  in  di« 

bte  to  the  oatrageoua  abuse  and  misuse,  term  oi  hia  predeceaaor.    We  ^all  ba 

in  corrupt  iatrigoe  for   re-nomiaatioo,  rejoiced  to  witneaa  and  prompt  b 


which  the  whole  country  has  witoessed  knowledge  them — and  conclude  by  ii 
oflate  with  taeb  indignant  diaguat.  Un-  Toking  auch  of  out  whig  fcienda  i 
til  the  reform,  thereiore,  in  the  tenure    hare  been  loudest  c 


and  power  of  the  offioe,  which  we  hope  to 

see  effected  ere  long,  we  am  now  com-  l    .  .    . .        ._ 

polled  by  the  demonstration  of  eTents,  President,  Polk,  the  Young  Hkkotjirf 

to  give  w  a  frank  adhesion  to  the  One  Tenneaaee. 


SONNETS. 
I. 

Th'at  in  tiiis  noble  land  makes  Ii 
Was  tempered  to  a  wiser  truat  by  pab, 

Hope's  earl^  blight, — a  chaateniog  aense  of  ill ; 
And  1  was  eiiled  to  a  sunny  clime, 

Where  cloud  and  flower  a  aofler  meaning  caught 
From  graceful  forms  and  holy  wrecks  of  lime, 

Appealing  alt  to  fond  and  penaire  thought; 
Enamored  of  the  Beautiful  I  grew, 

And  at  her  altar  pledged  my  virgin  soul, — 
0  let  me  hare  those  treasured  vows  renew. 

And  thou  the  senice  shall  henceforth  control; 
For  in  thy  graces  and  thy  lore  sincere 

Liiee  the  bleat  spirit  that  1  yet  leTCre !    * 

'TIS  well ;— let  self  be  all— live  on  aerene. 

Throned  io  thy  own  pure  nature,  firm  and  wise, 
"Too  brave  and  free  on  any  heart  to  lean. 

Or  read  thy  dearest  joy  in  otbera'  eyes. 
Tia  weil ;  the  law  of  change  is  writ  on  iH, — 

Far  lafer  thou  in  hoarding  up  thy  trust ;  '         . 

Love's  brightest  chain  ia  atiil  a  golden  thrall. 

And  her  awest  tears  oft  water  but  the  dust.  i 

Tet  while  so  jealous  of  ihy  spirit's  youth. 

Art  thou  content  1     Does  thy  soul  live  and  know  I  | 

Hast  then  e'er  caught  one  glimpee  of  that  deep  tnUb— 

That  higbeet  good  doth  come  through  feeling'a  ghnrt 
The  Holy  One  thia  aaered  ihongbt  eonfcM,  ^^  I 

Wiealwuring  oo  hi>  fond  iiKkfie't  bmaL  j  ^,,,^5^  „^  LjOOQIC 


Ib  tbere  tag  JonBg  i>uui>  undei  whose  preaent  ngttd  to  partieultt  neMon* 

in  bis  choiee  between  the  two  grcst  yoaag  nsq,  we  r^Mtf,  mttoeidad  wilb 

BslitioftI  fattiesi  nncertMii  to  which  of  whieh  of  the  two  pwties  to  east  in  hi*- 

5wi  to  atjKh  himself^ — foi  after  &II,  lot — od  which  aide  or  the  other  ef  the 

rtilimii  pMolisiittes  of  opinioa  indi-  bioed  diTiding  lioe  to  fix  hie  geacnl 

Tidoala    BST   entertsio  on  psrticalar  p<ditic«l  home  and  sbidiDg  plaeel    IT 

pwnts  of  polioy,  u  v wisace  with  the  we  cmn  gein  the  eai  of  aor  maab,  wa 

fenenl  dootrine  of  their  pertr,  they  wovld  euneBtly  ud  with  all  tki  afiec- 

mnst  slSl  all)  OB  the  whole  and  in  (be  tionateBjmpathieaof  jonth  wtAToathf. 

If^ng  TBH,  bfllimg  to  the  one  peitT  or  the  of  coiiiiti7maii  with    eoaDtnmaii,  «r 

•(her.  Anddiemsiiitensiice  of  his  party  patiiot  wUh  pMriot,  itrtkt  b»  atiaa- 

io  BBoejtdaiiej,  for  the  sake  of  its  geee-  tiou  to  the  Rhode  Idaad  qnestiMi  ftoMk 

lal  •fstem,  Bpixit  and  leDdenoj,  may  iie  first  atage  te  its  last,  as  afoding- 

w^prqterlylieaDobioctof  &rbighBr  oneof  Ibe  best  usta  that  )wT«faeeDpi«-  ^ 

aauteiB  to  a  trne  patiiotism  than  the  seated  withio  the  pttmii  |eDai*iio&  i 

present  promotion  of  one   paniciilsr  of  the  tine  aharacter  and  ipuit  of  tfa» 

maasore  or  other,  however  large  ihe  Whig  and  Demooratic  parties  re^ieo- 

interests  inTolved  in  it.    On  the  point  tirely.  ' 

oftheTsriff,  for  instance,  there  may  be        The  general  &etsaf  the  oaee  may  bo- 

maDjaDemocrBt  who,  from  a  mistaken  rery  brieHv  recapiinlated.    The  een- 

fiew  of  the  economical  question,  is  in  trsVprincipleinTolTedisthatoftheTight 

&Tor  of  stions  and  striDgent  piotec-  of  the  people  to  organise  and  re-eira- 

tioDt  who  would  neverthelesa  M  ex-  niie  the  eonstitntionof  theStale,  inde- 

ohanging  gold  for  copper  to  sacrilice  [wndeiiil;  of  iIm  exislin^  legal  aathori- 

the  aaeendeDcy  of  the  ffeneral  principles  ties.    After  along  series  of  froitless- 

of DeinoeTaeyandibel>emoci«tiepuiy  elToTlB  to  obtain  sn  extensioii  of  tha- 

toUie  muatenance  of  the  present  high  rigfal   of  snffrap   from  the  Ttrinntair 

moteotiTe  tariff'.    On  the  other  hand,  concessions  of  the  priTileged  miiiori^' 

Uiete  may  be  many  a  Whig,  better  en-  possessing  it  bv  the  tight  of  landed 

Jightened  in  the  phiiosopby  of  &ee-  property,  the  Sufirage  J^rly  adopte- 

tnde,  yet  so  attached  to  the  consena-  the  only  other  mode  left   open  for  the- 

tire  and  uiti- democratic  spirit  of  the  accomplishment  of  this  object,  by  a  di- 

Wbig  party,  and  so  impressed  by  their  rect  appeal  to  the  great  noinericd  maaa 

charge*  amost  as  of  a  wild,  destmc-  of  the   People   themseWes.    This  is^ 

tive  and  disorganizing  tendency,  that,  done,  and  with  all  regularity  and  so- 

framhU  point  ofvievi,  he  would  make  lemnily  a  Constitution  is  gaoied  by  a 

an  eqntlly  sbsaid  mistake  in  contribul-  pnblic  ConTention  and  eubmilled  to  the 

ing  to  the  eleration  of  such  a  paciy.  popular  vote.    The  Tote  is  taken,  with 

So  too  of  the  Currency  gaestioD,  vital  the  precaution  of  requiring  every  TOt- 

as  that  is  in  its  bearings  on  the  highest  er's  name  to  be  written  on  his  ballot, 

moral  as  well  as  material  interests  of  and  the  proxy  votes  sirailarly  attested 

the  conntry— a  qaestion  on  which  by  by  witnesses.      The  Constiiniion   is 

eotamon  consent  the  two  main  bodies  adopted  ty  a  large  majority  of  tlie  adult 

of  oar  parties  stand  divided,  as  on  the  male  population  of  the  State,  and  Ihete- 

Mie  aide  Ihe  National  Bank  and  Paper  upon  proclaimed  to  be  the  organic  law 

Honey  party,  and  on  the  other  the  Id'  to  which   sllegiaace   is  due   from   all 

dependent  Treasury  and  Hard  Money  membersofthecomBiunity.    Theofaar' 

party — yet  even  this  may  tnra  either  ler  authorities  are  invited  to  assist  in 

side  be  very  properly  enbordinated  to  the  probass  of  iDveetigating  and  eoant- 

the   ftill  larger,  higher   and  stronger  ing  ibie  popular  vote ;  and  their  refusal 

motives  of  choice  %  which  the  Whig    to  accept  this  invitation  closes  that 

or  the  Democt«t  may  be  inflnenced  in  qoestion  of  fact  as  to  tbc  actual  majority 

Ihe  detenninalion  of  his  general  poKti-    — Ihat  Tefoaal  resliog  on  the  groond  ct 

e>l  character,    fint,  letting  aside  all    tbe  pjneiple  before  stated,  which  dn—  > 

Lioogic 


1844,]  lit  Rightful  GootmOT  and  VnrighUoiu  Govenuntni.  IS3 

■fed  ill  worth  or  ralMitr  to  snj  put  of  Mated.    It  ia  not  denied  that  hiB  whole 

Ae  whole  proeeediafa  eTen  tbongh  the  coarse  in  the  afikir  has  been  in  perfect 

popular  TOte  had  been  abeolnteljDnMii-  canaialency  with   that    principle — haa 

Under    this    ConatitDtian   an  indeed  BTolred  itaelf,  by  absolute  logi- 


elaetioii  ia  held,  and  a  m>Tenimeat  or-  cal  neeescity,  out  of  that  principle, 
ganiied  aecordiuKly.  The  qneation  of  that  principle  was  sonnii,  he  was 
tight  and  duty  here  arieea  for  ever;    true  Govetnor  of  the  Slate,  and  all  the 


eitiMB,  which  of  the  two  Hts  of  public  acts  which  defeat  has  made  Crimea, 

■nUMiitiee  ia  the  true  goTerament  to  were  bnt  the  inipeiative  duties  of  that 

wltidl  hia  obedience  and  sapport  ate  poaition.     Even  if  he  was  mistakeD  in 

(ig^^iilly  and  loyallj  dne.   Each  claim  -  the  aoDDdneu  of  the  principle,  it  cannot 

iog  that  character,   eaob   prepares  to  at  lesat  be  queelianed   that  he  was  ho- 

mainlaia  it,  by  a  force  of  anna  whiob  nest,  as  he  was  contiaient  and  unyield- 

werta  itaelf  to  be  simply  and  neoessa-  ing  in  bis  maintenance  of  it ;  and  io- 

rily  defensire,  sgainsi  rebeltiooa  ag-  TolTin^aait  does  the  hia4<eat  elements 

graseiaii  from  the  other.  of  pohttcal  acienee  and  law,  in  an  ii>- 

At  thiioriaie  the  Federal  Garemment  Mruse  depth  which  affords  ample  ri 


interrenee,  nader  the  iiifluene«  of  the  for  diffbreDcea  of  jadnnent,  what  coold 

BBBtai  oowweb  that  then  awayed  its  be  more  ootraeeons  than  to  treat  «a  ig- 

utiad,  and  easts  the  award  of  Uie  mi-  nomlniooa  andnnpardonable  crime  aueh 

litary  and  naral  power  of  the  Union  a  mere  error  of  poUtical  opinion,  at- 

iiit«  the  soale  agamat  the  popular  par-  tended  only  by  the  actions  necessaiily 

ty,  whose  caaae  ia  acoordingly  made  te  oonaistenl  with  ilaelft 
kick  the  bean.    Some  fatal  mistakea       lliat  this  principle  should  be  even  a 

of  ^aetieal  conduct  are  at  the  same  subject  of  argiunenl  at  this  day  in  this 

tiBM  Bade  on  that  aide,  and  it  ia  con-  couoCry,  woold  alone  be   surpiising; 

qaerad,  roated,  and  its  leaders  driren  that  its  asaenion  should  hate    been 

from  the  Ckate.    Another  attempt  at  saceessfutly  resisted  and  defeated,  and 

nOitaij  rally  is  made,  and  again  in  si-  hs  aupporters  punished  with  ignomioi- 

■lilu  mannet  Mtppreased,  by  the  snpe-  oas    penalties,    does     indeed    appear 

lior  fnttrf  of    wealth,  organisation,  scareelr  credible.     That  it  was    the 

nilitarj  (nee  and  the  mtligt  of  law,  principle  constituting  the  Tcry  carcer- 

*til),  asbefbre,  backed  by  tfae  menacing  stone  of  our  whole  poUtical  system — 

array  of  the  military  power    of  the  the  jostificsiion  of  the  estabtishment  of 

Uueo.      In  the    nteaetime    under  the  our  independence  of  the  mother  country 

anapieea  of  the  charter  government  a  — and  one  of  the  leading  ideas  of  all  the 

new  CoDatitDlion  is  submitted  to  the  founders  of  our  institutions,  and  of  the 

people,  which  after  receiving  the  votes  most   revered   of  our  sages  of  public 

of  a  thin  minority  is  declared  establish-  law — is  beyond  dispute  or  question.     It 

ed,  and  ia  carried  oat  into  fiill  practical  is  asserted  in  the  Declaration  of  Inde- 

effiict.    Wearied  ^  agitation  and  per-  pendence,  and  in  the  Constitutions  of 

seention,  and  ctHueioas  of  the  Imposai-  twenty  of  the  States  of  the  Union — in 

bility  of  reviving  their  own  prostrate  the  declaration  of  the  Conveutioa  of 

and    hopeless  Conatitution,   the  main  Rhode  Island  itself  called  to  ratify  the 

bah  of  ibeSnBrage  party  give  in  their  Conatitution  of  the  United  Slates  in 

adhesion  to  the  new  Constitution,  by  1790.     It  is  to  be  found  in  Washing-- 

n^iatering  and  voting  under  it.     After  Ion's  Farewell  Address — abundantly  m 

a  tune,  Governor  Dorr,  to  disprove  the  the  writings  of  Jefferson — in  those  of 

alaodera  againsthimselfandhii  friends,  Iredell,   Wilson,    Patterson,  Maraball 

vdoBtarily  returns  to  ftee  the  worst  and  Story,  all  of  the  Supreme  Court — 

peraecntiona  well  known  to  await  him,  in  those  of  Madison,  Rawle,  Chapman, 

and  to  bring  the  whole  history  of  the  Jobuson,  and  many  others  whom    it 

aflair  under  the  somtiny  of  legal  invea-  were  tedious  lo  enumerate.      It  way 

tigation,  even  before  the  tribonals  of  the  practically  illustrated  in  the  formation 

Matile  and  triampbant  party.     The  re-  of  our  present   Constitution,  and  in  the 

soft  is  known  to  all — be  is  senienoed  otganiiation  of  three  of  aur   States 

to  a  felon's  doom,  of  solitary  confine-  (Tennesaee,  Michigan  and  Arkansas) 

ment  fbr  life,  at  hard  labor,  in  tiie  from  tertiiories  into  Slates.    In  the 

State'o-prison  I  Convention  that  framed  the  existing 

And    for   whatt     For   his   simple  ConiiitntioD  of  Virginia,  a  propoailioa 

kuntenaDce  of  the   principle    above  to  insert  a  provision  for  a  mode  for  "  '' 


H^ooglc 


UM  Rhode  blai»l,  [Aflff- 

liitiira  amendment  wss  rejected  on  the     pltote  of  his  connlrrmpn.     We  de  Mrt  1 

Terj   ground   thai   a   majority   of  the    exhort  him  to  remain  firm  and  true  to  | 

people  had  the  power  a.1  anj  time,  and    fais  position.     This  we  full  well  know  i 

u  any  roanner  they  pleased,  to  amend  to  be  need!e«a.  We  know  thai  Dorr 
the  Conatilulian,  or  make  a  new  one  r —  ia  made  of  that  material  that  he  wouM 
and  this  was  done  by  the  large  vote  of    lalher  die    there   a   thousand    deaths,  ! 

68  to  S5;  theoameof  JoAn  IV'^''^^'"?  whether  of  quick  torture  or  alowdeear, 
amoDg  those  who  then  asserted  the  than  yield  a  hair's  breadth.  We  only 
principle  of  which  he  haa  now  beeo     bid  him  be  of  good  cheer — to  retain  that  i 

ibe  moat  &tal  foe — together  with  these    high  aareniiy  and  manly  cheerMneaa  ! 

of  Madiaon  and  Marshall.  of  heart,  of  nhich,  both  in  his  prlTai*  ! 

P  And  in  Ibe  present  instance,  the  end  letters  and  in  hia  public  demunetra- 
ittt  which  this  great  fundamental  prio-  tiona,  we  have  aeeo  the  raoel  louohing 
ciple  of  American  political  law  and  evidences.  His  enemies — oureMmiea 
public  right  was  called  into  action,  was    — the  enemief  of  their  country  and  of  I 

certvnly  one  worthy  of  the  means  and  the  memory  of  their  country's  greatest 
the   mode.     It   was   only  resorted   to    and  best — will  ere  long  be  compelled  to  | 

after  a  long  series  of  fruitless  altempla    yield  before  the  moral  dignity  of  euch  | 

through  other  channels.  None  deny  a  noble  endurance.  They  are  atriving 
the  magnitude  of  the  grievance — few  only  to  humiliate  bim — to  extort  from 
the  necessity  of  its  redress  in  one  way  the  unnerved  weariness  of  close,  long 
or  another.     The  charter  party  thetn-    captivity, thatsabraiBsioowitboutwhioh  I 

Belvea  made  full  concession  of  this,  by  all  the  practical  fruits  of  the  victory 
Iheir  own  movement  for  the  extension  they  owe  to  the  military  force  of  the 
of  suffrage — though  made  only  when  Fedetal  Union  will  lose  their  sweetest 
too  late  to  interrupt  the  rightful  course  savor.  But  they  cannot  long  majntaia 
•of  the  Constitution  already  voted  itito  aconteat  which  in  this  country  muatba 
validity  by  the  people  tbeoiselTes  ;  and  ao  Dnequal.  Bally  will  the  ga4hertng 
when  made,  accompanied  slill  by  a  thunders  of  the  public  indigoatioii 
cunning  evasion  of  nearly  all  suhsiaa-  swell  loader  aod  louder  from  all  qnar- 
tial  benefit  in  the  change.  ters  of  the  Utiion,  and  a  universal  eiy 

For  the  assertion  of  this  principle  of  "  shame  !"  will  force  tbem  to  abtn- 
and  for  this  object — or  rather  for  hav-  don  the  dastardly  baseness  of  a  Ten- 
ing  been  defealcd  by  tho  President  and  geance  purely  personal,  and ,  malignant 
Commander-in-Chief  of  the  United  in  proportion  to  its  conscious  wrongful* 
States  in  its  assertion— Dorr  is  now  nesa.  It  will  rally  again  the  broken 
the  inmate  of  a  prison,  under  a  sen-  and  disorganized  array  of  the  old  Suf- 
tenee  of  moBt  alrociooa  severity  and  frage  party  in  Rhode  Island  itself;  and 
ignominy,  while  the  memory  of  Wash-  as  a  turning  point  of  party  division,  the 
ington  is  Gauooized,  and  the  names  of  qoestioo  oftbe  Liberation  of  the  Priaon- 
.ajf  the  great  worthies  of  the  better  er  will  require  but  a  brief  period  of  agi- 
daya  of  the  liepublic,  from  whose  lalion  to  revolutionise  again  the  parties 
words  and  deeds  the  congenial  pupil    of  the  State. 

learned  the  noble  lesson,  are  blazoned       We  will  not  let  the  occasion  pas* 

with  an  unfading  lustre  on  the  brighteat    without  placing  on  the  record  of  our 

pages  of  our  history —  pages  Mr.  Dorr's  admirsble  speech  to 

the  Court  who  sentenced  him  to  the 

"Can  such  things  be,    fearful  doom  which  they  had  the  power 

And  overcome  us  like  a  sammer  cloud,  to  decree,  hut  of  which  they  can  never 
And  not  eicile  our  special  wonder !"  have  the  power  tocarrj  out  the  e»ccu- 

-,      „  ,  ,      tion.     For  calm  dignity,  magnanimooa 

For  Mr.  Dorr  wo  have  no  condol-    p„ienee.  and  hrave  serenity  of  spirit,  it 
-enee  to  offer.    On  the  contrary  we  envy    ja  one  of  the  finest  models  afforded  by      . 
Tiunhis  gloriods  cell.     We  envy  him    jji  the  annala  of  the  similar  encoanlere 
the  honor  of  being  the  object  of  those    ^f  the  martyrs    of  freedom   and    tha 
indignant  feeling  which  are  rising  op    minione  of  tyranny 
to  him  and  for  him  from  the  great  heart 

of  the  American  people.  We  envy  "The  court  have,  thronith  their  offieer. 
turn  the  not  distant  triumph  of  hie  re-  addrewd  to  the  defendant  the  usnal 
turn  to  freedom  and  worthily  compen-  quettion,  whether  he  have  anjihing  to 
eating  prooft  of  the  aynpalby  and  ap-    laj  why  seatenee  should   not  be  pnK-  , 

Coogic 


1$M.]           Its  Rightful  Omtmtr  mti  OnrightMua  Oovernment.                139 

BOVKOd  npoD  him.    I  bave  wmetliiag  to  "  It  is  trae  the  jorj  w«re  nbunt  more 

M7,  wbi^  ihaJl  be  brier  knd  iatelligiUe  than  two  honn;  but  not  for  deliberation, 

to  tbe  conrt,  thoagb  it  mnM  be  neces-  One  of  them  wm  asked,  immediately  BRer 

nrilT   nnanuliag:.     Wilbont    nekiog  to  tb«  vetdicl  was  delivered,  and  (be  jar; 

bringiDTKlf iDcontroTeriTTiththeconrt,  -wan  discharged,  whether  ther  bad  been 

I UD  dedrona  to  declare  to  youlbe  plain  detaiaedbraajdiaagreemeDt.   Hereplied, 

tnith.  <  we  had  nothing  to  do.    The  court  had 

"  I  ant  bontid,  in  dnty  to  mTself,  to  ex-  made  ererjlbing  plain  for  ns.' 

preM  to  Ton  my  deep  and  Mlemn  eonvic-  "  Oa  bearing  a  bill  of  eiceplioas  to  the 

tioa  that  I  have  not  received,  at  your  Terdiet  tbns  nndcred,  the  court  promptlr 

handi,  (be  fair  trial  by  an  impnTlial  jury,  overruled  all  the  points  of  law. 

«)  vhleh  by  law  and  jaiticfflvs  entitled.  "The  court  also  denied  to  the  defend- 

"The  (list  hu  been  pennitled  to  take  ant  an  opportunity  of  EhowJug  to  them 

place  in  a  county  where,  to  tay  the  lea$t,  that  ihree  of  the  jurora,  before  they  were 

it  wai  donbtfol  whether  the  defeadaut  empnnnelled,  mnnirested  itrong  feelings, 

eoald  be  tried  according  to  the  law  of  the  and  had  made  ase  of  vindiclivc  and  hostile 

State:  andia  aeaae of doobt  lilce  this,  he  expretsioni  agaiatt him  personally:  afler 

pgfEht  to  have  bad  the  benefit  of  it,  etpe-  tbe  defendant  had  egtabliihed  by  bis  affi- 

eklly  Bsthe  trial  hefemnslbein  ft  eonnty  dsTii  the  fact  that  he  was  not  informed 

to  which  tbe  defendant  was  a  strantter,  in  of  thie   hostility  of  feeling    and  eipres- 

Ihe  mjdit  of  bii  DMSt  excited  political  op-  sum    before    they     were    empannelled, 

poneut*.  and  with  reganl    la    two  of  them,   be- 

"  All  bnt  one  of  thoie  freeholder*,  lOS  fore  the  verdict  was  rendered.     Tbe  de- 

In  nnmber,  who  were  suDunoaed  here  for  fendant    expected    lo    prove,  by  twelve 

Oe  purpose  of  selecting  a  jury  to  try  the  witnesses,  tbat  one  of  these  jurois  had 

dcfeadant  were  of  the  opposite  parly  in  expressed  a  wish  to  have  the  defendant  put 

tbeSlate.and  weredelibemtelyselagainM  to  death,  and  had  d crli red,  shortly  afler 

Ihedeffendantwitbthefeelingsof  parlixan  the  verdict,  to n person  inquiring  the  re> 

hottility.     The  single    demoetatic   jttroi  salt,  that  he  had  convicted  the  defendant 

was  set  aside  for  hating  expressed  an  and  that  ibis  was  what  he  intended  lo  do; 

opinion.     Of  the  drawn  jnrorg,    IS    in  that  another  Juror  had  also  declared,  (hat 

number,  two  only  were  members  of  tbe  tbe  defendant  ongbt  10  be  executed ;  and 

democratic  p»ly;  and  one  of  (hem  for  that   Ihe  third  had   frequently  made  tbe 

cause,  and  tbe  other  for  allied  cause,  tame  declaration,  with   a  wish  that  he 

was  removed.  might  be  permittn]  lo  do  tbe  work  of  an 

"  Every  one  of  the  jory  finally  aeleeted  eiecotioner,  or  to  shoot  bim  as  he  would 

to  try  the  ddendant  was,  of  course,  a  po-  a  serpent,  and  put  him  to  death. 

Illieal opponent.  "Nor  would  the  court  permit  the  de- 

"And  even  as  so  constituted,  the  jury  ftndani  to  show  hj  proofs  which  he  de- 
were  not  permitled  to  have  the  whole  esse  clared  on  oath  to  have  been  unknown  to 
preeenied  to  their  consideralion.  Tbey  him  at  the  time  of  empannellin;  of  the 
were  not,  as  ia  capital,  if  not  in  nil  crimi-  jnry,  thai  an  array  of  twelve  men.  sum- 
nal  cases,  they  are  cniilled  (o  be,  permitted  moned  on  venire  by  a  deputy  sheriff,  were, 
to  judge  of  the  law  and  the  fact.  The  or  a  considcrsble  part  of  them,  at  least, 
defendant  and  his  counsel  were  not  per-  the  same  persons  who  hod  been  selected 
mitted  to  argue  to  the  jury  any  matter  of  by  anAttomeyofthis  court,  who  assisted 
law.  the   officer  in  tbe   service  of  the  «um- 

«The  court  revised  to  hear  Ihe  law  mens, 

a^oed  to  themselves,  except  on  tbe  ques-  "  These,  and  other  matters  which  I  will 

lion  whether  treason  be  an  offence  against  not  stop  toenumerale,  show  that  ibistrial^ 

m  Bitte  or  against  the'United  Slate*.  which  has  been  carried  through  (he  form* 

"iniefioQrt  refused  to  permit  (ha  de-  of  law,  wosdestilule  of  (herealityof  Just- 

fendanl  lo  justify  himself  by  proving  the  ice,  and  was  but  a  ceremony  preceding 

CoDStitnlioo,  the  election,  and  (he  aathoT'  conviction.    That  there  is  any  precedent 

ily  ander  which  be  acted ;  or  lo  permit  fbr  it,  ia  the  most  aerimonious  period  of 

btm  lo  produce  tbe  same  proofs,  ia  order  the  most  excited  party  times  in  Ibis  eoun- 

U  repel  tbe  charges  of^  tnalicious   and  try,  I  am  nol  awarefromany  examinalioa 

trailoross  molives  made  ia  the  indictment,  or  recollection  of  its  political  history. 

and  lealously  urged  against  bim  by  tbe  "In    a  trial  of    an  alleged   political 

counsel  for  thfe  State.  offence,  involving  tbe  feeling*  of  the  whole 

"By  the  charge  of  the  jadie,  the  jury  community,andgrowingoutofacondilioll 

were  irratroded  that  the  only  question  of  aOairs  which  placed  the  whole  people 

wWch  they  had  to  try  waf>,  whether  tbe  of  the  Stale  on  one  side  or  tbe  other  of  an 

defendant  intended  to  do  the  acts  which  cjasperaled  coniroveisy,  the  strictest  and  "■                 I 

be  performed;    a  question    of  eapadty  most  sacred  impartialilyahoold  ha*ebee»^iOL)vlL 

nthtf  Iban  of  motive*  and  intealiont.  observed  la  the  most  careful  inveitiiatioB               ^' 


136  fibie  Uland,  [Aaf 

bothof  l&wu>dfftctby  thr  jiDTiSBctnian  lie^uoiiifl,  whoM rightcooi  dacMM  will 

the  decitioDs  and  dinetkmi  of  the  eonrt.  ktqim  all  the  wroogi  whieh  B>r  h»  turn 

In  what  cMe  thonld  thejr  have  be«i  boom  committed,  and  place  that  cHiraatB  ^e« 

diftnutTal  oT  the  political  biaa  of  their  my  actiou  to  which  tber  mkj  he  &idr 

own  mindfl,  marc  oarcTul  in  «U  IheJt  de-  catilled. 

liberatioDt,  more  eaniME  is  the  innica-        «  The  pnwen  of  thi*  eoiit  doe*   boI 

lioa  of  a  itrsngth  above  tbeir  own,  that  reach  the  man  within.    The  court  caosot 

(hey  might  not  only  appear  to  be  jiut,  bnt  (hake  the  eoavictiao*  of  the  rnlad,  nor 

dojaEtice  iaa  manDcrso  above  allintpi'  the  fixed  pnrpoK  which  i>  lutained  hy 

cion  thai  the  defendant  and  bU  thoee  with  integrity  of  heart. 

whim  he  is  asKoeiated,  might  be  satisfied        "  Claiming  nf  eiemiitiDB  Aiom  the  !■• 

that  he  had  had  hit  da;  in  court,  and  that  flrmitiea  ^c^  bcMt  na  all,  aad  which 

every  reqtiisilioi]  of  the  law  bad  been  ob-  may  altenAia  in  the  ptiteentiwi  oT  the 

served  and  fulfilled.    In  how  different  a  mott   importaat  ealeipriMa,  and  at  tlw 

gpirit  were  the  proceedinga  ofthii  trial  lame  lime  caoscioM  of  the  reetitah  of 

condnclcd  I      And  with  what    emotions  mj  iatention*,  aod  of  baytag  aetad  l>on  | 

must  the  defendaat  have  liflened  li)  the  good  motivn,  in  an  atletaiil  to  prwunte 

declaration  of  one  of  your  honors,  that  the   cqaality   and   to  eM«Ui*h   the  jaM 

'  in  the  hurry  of  this  trial  I'  they  conld  not  freedom  and  interetti  of  my'  fclhnr-citi- 

,  attend  to  ibe  qaestjons  of  law,  which  he  leo^  I  c«o  regud  with  eqaaninity,  thia 

■o  earnestly  pressed  apon  their  immedialn  last  infiiction  of  the  eonrt  i  nor  would  I, 

cODsideraUan,  u  vitall)'  important  to  the  even  at  this  eitremiCy  of  the  law,  in  view 

righteoni  determination  of  his  case  1  of  Ibe  oinDions  which  you  entertain,  and  | 

"  The   result  of  this  trial  which  your  of  the  sentiments  by  which  yon  are  ani. 

Benlence  is  abont  to  proclaim,  is  the  per-  mated,  cicbaoge  the  place  of  a  pritener 

petual  imprisonment  of  (he  defendant,  and  at  the  bar  for  a  eeal  by  your  aide  vifon  ths 

his  seclusion  from  the  face  of  society,  and  bench. 

Itom  all  eofflmimieation  with  bit  fellow-        "The    eentcnee  whieh   yo«  wiH  pa>- 

aien.  oonnee,  to  the  extent  of  the  power  mmA 

"  Is  il  too  mneh  to  say,  thai  the  object  inflneace  which  this  court  can  eiol,  it  » 

of  hi*  political  opponents  is  the  grMifiea-  oondemnalion  of  the  doctrine*  of  '76,  aad 

tion  of  an  insatiable  tplrit  of  revenge,  a  reversal  of  the  f^real  ^inciplea  which 

raUier  than  the  attainment  of  legal  jast-  sustain  and  give  vitality  to  our  demoei^e 

lee  7    They  are  also  bent  upon  bit  polili-  Repnblie ;  and  which  are  regarded  by  thft 

eal  destmction,  which  results  from  the  great  body  of  oor  feUow-cilixen*,  as  ft 

aentence  of  the  conrl,  in  tbe  deprivation  portion  of  the  birth-right  of  a  tiee  People. 
of  hit  political  and  civil  rights.    They  aim        "From  this  sentence  of  the  eonrt  I 

alao  at  social  annihilalioo,  by  bis  com-  sppeal  to  tbe  People  of  onr  State  and  of  ' 

mitment  to  that  tomb  of  the  Uving,  from  our  country.    They  shall  decide  between 

which,   in   ordinary    cases,    those    who  ns.     I  e<»Dmit  myself,  withantdistinst,  to 

emerge  are  looked  npon  as  marked  and  their  flnal  award.    I  have  iwthiagmon 

doomed  men,  to  be  excluded  from  there-  to  say." 
potable  walk*  of  life.    But  there  my  op- 

paoeiits  and  peraecnlort  are  detlioed  to  ,  , 

SUappointment.    Tbe  court  may,  thiongb        *  few  words  more,  ppoo  the  moral 

thccon»equence»ortheir«eDtence,abridgo  "f  »«  U"«.  "i  illustration  of  the  tme 

the  term  of  his  existence  here ;  Ibey  can  characters   of  our  two  great  political 

•anaihilate  his  political  rights;  bulmorc  pu-liet.     There  maf  have  been  a  very 

Aan  tbi(  they  cannot  accomplish.    Tbe  few  anotiulouB   exceptions   on   eithei 

benest  Judgment  of  his  friends  and  fellow  aide ;  but,  aa  a  general  rule,  the  Whiga, 

eitiieat  resting  npon  the  traih   of  his  frnm  the  beginning  to  the  end,  have 

easse,  and  faithful  to  the  dictate*  of  hn-  auttuoed  the  Charter  party  with  their 

manity  and  justice,  will  not  *o  much  regard  BTrnpaUiy  and  applaaae  ;  while  the  heart 

the  place  to  which  he  w  consigned,  as  the  of  the  Democracy  haa  been  with  the 

cwwes  which  have  led  to  bu  incarccra-  „,„  ,„j  ^^  j^^y  of  freedom  and  popu. 

bettecODse.    Inthe*^ccofthat«o.e  '^.,'5°""'"'  ^"»    imprwonment ; 

I  have, no  right  to  complain  that  I  am  "'"'e  both  the  presa  and  public  meet- 

eaUednponto  tnffer  hardship*,  whatever  mgaof  the  otheraieatrongui  theirpro- 

uaTbetheertJmaieoflheiBJnsticewhich  tett  against  it.     By  hearen,  were  we 

infliels  them.  yet  undecided  in  our  oboioe  of  a  vatf, 

"All  tbete  proceeding*  will  be  recon-  this  fact  would  alone  anffiee  to  detai-^  > 

aidered  by  that  nltiaate  tribnnal  tA  Pnb-  tune  ou  MleetioD !    Ralhei  any  pi^i  O  O  Q  I C 


19H.]                                  7A*  MMraM  MctMtr.  Wf 

MDt  ntwmie  of  ptriiticBl  poU«T,  Uuui  State.    The  mowm  of  the  Whig  pu- 

Um  ehmttioa  of »  nw^  u  deiilr  h(»»-  tj,  on  the  other  hMd,  wooU  grMtljr 

tile  tothe  genituof  oaroonntiTaiMl  the  ^vlong  and  ■ggnrata  hie  iDoaroen* 

■{Hiit  of  ooi  age  I  tion.     We  tnut  that  eTery  Demooratie 

'    We  regtrd  dais  aa  one  of  die  moM  meeting  that  ahall  aaaemUe  between 

interettiog  iwaea  inrolTed  in,  the  pre-  Ibis  tine  ud  the  eleetioo,  will  mike  it 

eent  conteat.    Clar — ustnntf  j  and  £tlj  the  sabjeci  of  a  resolDtion  witahle  lo 

— haa  declared  hiroaelf  atronglr  againat  the  oeoaaioa ;  of  which  copiea  ehonld  be 

the  popular  paitj  id  the  RlMde  ulaod  eeat  to  GoTemOT  Dorr's   friends    in 

oonteet.     He  even  introduced  it  for-  ProTidence  te  be  tnnnnitted  to  him- 

maUy  into  bis  Raleigh  speech,  which  is  Nothing  of  this  kind  is  to  be  ezpHieA 

the  piincipsl  Whig  manifesto  of  the  from  snjof  theineetiiigeof  the  WU^ 

eampaign.    The  election  of  Polk,  on  For  the  sake  of  a  patrurtiam  rimng 

the  other  hand,  will  have  ■  direct  besT'  abore  the  lower  le?el  of  partisanship, 

ing   on  the    liberation  of  Mr.  Dorr,  we  shoaid  rejMoe  te  witneea  some  ex- 

There  can  be  no  doobi  that  the  strong-  ceptioiu  te  this ;  bet,  at  anj  rate,  wa 

eat  joflnenee  of  the  Federal  Govern-  invoke  our  Demoeratia  frienda  to  draw 

ment  will  then  be  exerted  to  indnce  or  broad  snd  deep  the  line  of  ooamst  b*. 

-extort  it  from  ^e  petty  tjranny  now  tween  &a  and  our  oppoaeats  ea  this 

dominant    in    that    dishonored    little  point  of  vital  democrstio  priiioi[de. 


THE  MOURNFUL  HOTHBR. 


That  no  more  with  eaeh  other. 

Sweet  coQosel  ye  can  have  I— 
That  lie,  left  dark  by  natnre. 

Can  never  more  be  led 
By  thee,  maternal  creature, 

Along  smooth  pstha  instesd  % 
That  tlwra  oaaat  no  more  show  him  • 

The  •nnshiae,  by  the  heat  ( 
The  river's  silver  flowing. 

By  mnnnuiB  at  hie  feet  ? 
The  foliage,  by  its  coolness ; 

The  roses,  t^  their  stnell ; 
And  all  creation's  fnlness, 

By  Love's  invisible  ? 
Weepest  thou  to  behold  not 

His  meek  blind  eyes  agsio,^ 
Closed  doorways  which  were  folded, 

And  piayed  agaiost  in  vain — 
And  undei  whien,  s*t«  smiling 

The  obild-mouth  evermore. 
As  one  who  watebeth,  wiling 

The  time  by,  si  a  door » 
And  weepest  thou  to  feel  not 

Hie  clinging  bsnd  on  thioe— 
Which  now,  at  dream-lime,  will  DM 

Its  eold  tonch  disentwine  t 


lizcdbyGoOl^lc 


Th«  M«ttmfia  Motk*r.  {Aag. 

And  weepeet  tboa  Btill  ofter. 

Oh,  nevei  more  to  mftrk 
His  low  soft  words,  made  softer 

Bj  aposking  io  the  dark ! 
Weep  on,  tbon  moiucDTal  mother  ! 

Bat  Bince  to  bim  when  liring. 

Thou  weit  both  mii  and  moon. 
Look  o'er  his  grave,  surviTing, 

From  a  high  sphere  alone 
Soetain  that  exaltation — 

Eipand  that  tender  light ; 
And  hold  in  mother-passion, 

Tby  blessed,  in  thy  sight. 
See  how  be  went  -out  etiaightwaj 

From  the  dark  iroTld  he  knew, — 
No  twilight  in  the  gateway 

To  m^iate  'twixt  the  two,— 
Into  the  sadden  glory. 

Out  of  the  dark  he  trod, 
Departiitg  from  before  thse. 

At  once  to  Light  and  God  ! — 
For  the  first  face,  beholding 

The  Christ's  in  its  divine, — 
For  the  first  place,  the  golden 

And  tideleSB  hyaline  ; 
With  trees,  at  lasting  summer. 

That  rock  to  songful  sound. 
While  angels,  the  new-comer. 

Wrap  a  still  smile  sroand ! 
(Hi,  in  the  Messed  paalm  now, 

His  happy  voice  he  tries, — 
Spreading  a  thicker  paim-hough, 

Than  othere,  o'er  his  eyes, — 
Yet  still,  in  all  the  singing, 

Thinks  haply  of  thy  song 
Which,  in  his  life's  first  springing, 

San^  to  him  all  night  long, — 
And  wishes  it  beside  him. 

With  kissing  lip^  that  cool 
And  soft  did  overglide  hLm, 

To  make  the  sweetness  fhll. 
Look  up,  O  mournful  mother ; 

Thj  blind  be;  walks  in  light ! 
Ye  wait  for  one  another, 

Before  God's  infinite  ! 
But  ihtm  art  now  the  darkest, 

Thon  mother  left  below — 
7%mt,  the  sole  blind, — thon  markast. 

Content  that  it  be  so ; — 
Until  ye  two  give  meeting 

Wbere  the  great  Heaven-gate  is, 
And  he  shall  lead  thy  feet  in, 

As  OBce  thon  leddest  Am.' 
Wait  OD,  thoa  Dwoinful  motlm. 


lizcdbyGoOl^Ip 


4.]  Omt  National  B*nli—*UUvt  try  mttier  J  1 

ONE  NATIONAL  BANK-5HAtL  WE  TRY  ANOTHER  « 


^ueilion  to  be  Mttled  bv  the  approftch^  Steojuily,  for   i 

fng  eleclian.     A  now  tnuilt,  e«U  it  by  bility, 

wh»t  name  jron  will — rognlBlor,  fiscal  Thirdly,  for  oor  politiMl  ponty. 

nwohine,  uDiforni  nationaJ  carreocy,  or  I.  What  thi  bahe  ma  roB  ihth 

any  other  that  nill   best  express  the  subikiss  mqhalitt. 

«heruhed  ides  but  etade  tbe  obnoxious  The  openine'  of  the  bank  booka,  in 

word — a  new  Bakk  is  undeniably  tkt  1817,  threw  intu  -.l  nuiket,  already 

groat  measure  of  the  Whig  Party,  and  ecrewed  up  and  eoiii»c,  thirty-five  mil- 

partxttUenet  of  Mr.  Clay.  lions  of  stock  to  be  sold.     How  woe  it 

The  "repeal  of  the    sub-treasorr  to  be  paid  for?    Through  tbe  tica  of 

bill,"  and  "tbe  ineorporation  of  a  bans  it*  constitution,  much  more  than  from 

adapted  to  the  wants  of  tbe  people  and  the  corruption  of  its  manafera,  a  plan 

of  the  gOTerameat,"  were  the  flisE  two  was  hit  upon  that  apparently  dieposej 

meaaorea  laid  down  by  Mr.  Clay  for  of  the  stock,  without  dcmagini  the 

tbe  adoption  of  the  Whig  Congress  of  purchaaer.    Aa  aoon  aa  the  actual  cap- 

1640.     The  bank  charter  was  passed,  italiats  had  paid  in  their  first  instal- 

•hom,  it  ia  true,  of  eome  of  ita  more  menta,  the  doors  were  thronged  with 

significant  ehanctetistica,  la  meet  the  speculatora  who  scrambled  up,  holding 

eappoeed  scruples  of  Mr.  Tyler ;  and  in  their    hands    certificates  of  stock 

was  Tetoed,  even  ia  it*  emasculated  which   they   had   porchased,  and    for 

state,  when  Mr.  Tyler  foond  it  was  a  whichlhey  could  not  pay.     On  the  26th 

bankatitI,Dat  less  mischiefOQS,  because  of  August,  1917,  when  tlie  market  price 

it  was  mutilated.    A  bank  is  again  of  the  stock  was  tI44,  a  resoluiioa 

brought  before  the  people ;   and  test  was  squeezed  through  the  hoard,  an- 

there  should  be  any  doubt  what  a  bank  thoiiiing    discounta    on  stock,  to  be 

ie,  Mr.  Clay  has  pointed  to  the  late  valued  at  9135  a  share.    At  once  tbe 

Bank  of  tbe  TTnited  States,  unabated,  line    was    formed.      The    apecalator 

unaltered,  unsoflened,  in  all  its  coles-  whose  pockets  last  night  were  empty, 

ealTigor  and  dimensions,  as  tbe  model.*  would  march  up  this  morning  to  the 

What  did  that  bank  do  1     Did  it  give  bank,  with  the  certificate  of  transfer  in 

energy  and  firmness  to  our  moral  tone  1  hia  hand — aomeiimes  without  it — claim 

Did  It  give  ease  and  uniformity  to  our  the  discount  of  f  135  per  share,  pay 

monetary  system  *    Did  it  derote  itself  the  first  instalment,  and  watch  the  tide 

to  the  wants  of  the  bnsiness  coramuni-  till  a  rise  toot  place  in  the  market, 

ty,  steadibr  averting  its  eye  from  the  when  be  woald  sell  out,  boy  in  a  new 

turmoils  ofUie  political  worldl     What  lot,  borrow  money  on  the  purchase, 

it  did  then,  it  will  do  again  ;  and  if  it  and  wait  for  another  fiesbet.     Direc- 

shonld  appear  that  it  polkled  the  moral  tors, — certainly  a  majority  of  themr~* 

atmosphere,  that  it  distracled  the  mo-  brokers  without  number,  speculators  of 

netar^  system,  and  that  it  completed  eTecr  breed — entered  into  tbe  game, 

ita  mtssion  by  corruption  as  extensiTe  With  all,  the  object  was  to  pulTouI  the 

aa  it  was  deTsstating,  then  it  muat  be  stock  ;   and  every  day  during  'change 

plain, — plain,  if  hut  a  small  [wrtion  of  might  be  seen  the  great  body  of  Ue 

Its  early  Tiger  remains  to  this  youne  stockhdders,  either   in  person  or  hj 

and  great  republic, — that  rather  should  proxy,  employed  at  tbe  job  of  hlowbg 

we  desire  onr  rivers  to  dry  up  and  our  out  and  swellinK  the  dimensions  of  the 

Areata  to  wither,  than  we  shonld  suck  hollow  little  boobies  that  were  in  mol- 

once  more  into  our  vitals  poison  so  titudes  tossed  off  upon  the  world. 

enbtle  and  potent.    The  object  of  this  In  January,  1818,  ttl,344,514  had 

paper  ia  to  inquire,  aa  briefly  as  the  been  discounted  upon  the  hypotbeca- 

eubject  will  allow,  what  the  hank  did—  tica  of  stock.    The  bank  had   aoU 

*  In  May,  1836,  Mr.  Clay  declared  his  willingneM,  were  it  praeticaUr,  "to  adopt 


Google 


IM                        One  Naiioital  Bmi^tkaii  we  try  wmlAtr  t  [Aug. 

about  one-half  its  capita  to  bond  fide  him,  belonged  to  tbsl  raie  claaa  of  men 
holders,  and  hid  aoid  the  other  half  to  who  do  not  eTcn  parley  with  tempUi- 
putchaaerB  nho  paid  foi  itwitb  the  tion  ;  and  Mt.  Cberei,  therefore,  wma 
same  funds  which  hud  paid  for  the  the  mast  nnenitable  man  in  the  worM 
first.  But  was  not  SQch  wholesale  to  Batisf;  the  Bchemes  of  the  apecol*' 
nmbling  fatal  to  Ihe  integrity  of  the  tors  nho  had  then  the  upper  baiid.  He 
bosinesB  uammanit;  1  Did  not  the  rich-  reduced  the  diTideada  to  their  just  di- 
nesa  and  heat  of  the  new  elements  mensions,  and  at  once  the  proxr-di- 
apawn  into  life  myriads  of  new  apecn-  liders  and  ibe  oertificale -pledgers 
lations,  each  exceeding  its  predeces-  were  in  an  nproar.  Aflei  bringing  the 
Bors  in  tihallownesa  and  imposture  f  bank  to  convalescence,  he  resigned, 
Snch,  in  fact,  was  the  result ;  and  such,  leading  the  way  fur  an  administrstLoD 
ID  future,  will  be  the  result  wbeflever  which,  by  its  masterly  boldness,  its 
thirty  millions  of  dollars  are  piled  np  brilliant  epochs,  its  splendid  imposi- 
niidei  the  charge  of  human  wisdom,  tions,  made  more  awful  the  calamitioa 
and  subjected  to  the  assaults  of  haman  which  it  eventually  produced. 
appeiite.  "'For  the  information  of  those  not 
It  is  scarcely  worth  while  to  perch  oonTersant  with  the  portion  of  the  busi- 
for  a  moment  upon  the  proxy-di Tiding  neasof  the  bank  referred  toby  Hr.  Bid- 
stratagem  of  1B16,  though  in  itself  a  die,"  said  Mr.  LippiDcott,a  resMctaUa 
straw  that  indicates  loo  painfully  the  and  aged  mercliant  of  Philadelphia,  the 
current  of  the  morality  the  new  Inte-  chairman  for  many  years  of  the  Divi- 
rests  had  called  into  action.  By  the  dend  Committee,  in  a  speech  made  by 
first  fandamenlal  arlLcle  of  the  charter,  him  at  a  meeting  of  the  stockhatdereon 
no  person,  copartnership,  or  body  poll-  Ibe  4lh  of  Hay,  1841,  "  I  wiltatatethat 
tic  was  to  be  entitled  to  more  than  these  reports  (the  reports  of  the  impor- 
tbirly  toIob  ;  and  yet  it  appeared  on  tant  committees)  were  always  previocs- 
the  eTidence  before  the  iniestigating  ly  prepared  by  the  officers  of  the  bank, 
committee,  of  which  Mr.  John  C.  (and  as  now  appears)  etry  art/uilu  and 
Spencer  was  chairman,  that  it  was  a  with  great  circumtpection,  and  Ming 
eommon  and  general  practice,  well  neatly  copied  hy  a  clerk,  in  the  tmt, 
known  to  the  jndges  of  the  election  were  handed  to  the  Dividend  Commit- 
and  to  the  directors,  to  divide  shares  tee  for  th^r  examination  and  compari- 
into  small  parcels,  varying  from  one  to  son,  and  numerous  documents  aeeom- 
tweoty  shares  to  a  name,  held  in  the  panying  them.  These  reports  were  al- 
names  of  persona  who  haJd  06  interest  so  usually  ccnnpaied  widi  the  general 
in  them,  and  to  vote  npon  the  shares  ledKer,aDd  if  foundtocorrespondthere- 
tiina  held,  as  atloTooys  for  the  pretend-  with  also  (whish  was  always  the  case], 
ed  proprietors.  In  Baltimore  alone,  weresignedby ihechairmanofthecom- 
cODspicuoas  for  the  looseness  with  miitee  and  presented  to  the  board." 
whicn  the  branch  there  situated  was  Such  being  the  course  pursued  at  tfas 
conducted,  a  Mr.  Geoi^  Williams,  bank,  it  would  be  absuru  to  attempt  te 
one  of  the  chief  actors,  presented  him-  track  back  through  its  chartered  exist- 
self  as  the  attorney  for  1173  shares,  ence  the  abuses  which  were  displsyed 
boneht  in  1 173  names.  at  tbe  explosion  of  1S40.  It  was  Uien 
Mr.  Jones,  the  lirst  president  of  the  that  the  dealings  ofthe  institntlon  were 
bank,  at  one  time  an  amiable  and  res-  for  the  first  time  opened  to  the  pnblie 
pectsble  man,  with  eonslderabte  prn-  eye.  The  Teil  was  suddenly  liAed,aod 
tensions  but  meager  parts,  soon  broke  the  secret  things  of  the  temple  broDgbt 
down  under  the  seductions  of  his  office,  to  light.  By  the  statement  ofthe  inves- 
and  fleng  himself,  a  ready  victim,  into  tigaiing  committee  (April  3,  1641)  it 
the  arms  of  those  who  pressed  forward  appeared  tbat  on  the  active  debt,  on 
to  prostitute  him  to  their  desires.  But  December  91,  1810,  were  loans  to  aev- 
Mr.  Jones  had  not  the  sagacity  to  con-  en  incorporated  or  other  companies  ^ 
cea!  his  frailty  ;  and  amazed  (he  world  •1,211,163,  including  one  of  9&0S,3S3 
by  sbawing  Uiem  in  bow  short  a  period  to  the  Wilmington  railroad.  The  sum 
a  middle-aged  business  man,  who  has  of  f  740,066  was  on  obligations  having 
gone  half  through  life  with  a  pitKd  at  least  six  months  loroD;  asdofthis 
front  and  hit  colors,  may  be  led  away  sum,  t697,038  had  more  than  twelve 
by  the  charms  sod  temptations  of  months  to  run.  Nine  compuiies  had 
bukiog.    Hr.  ChcTes,  who  fallowed  disooantsamoaDtinf  lomoreihanf lOO* 


8lf 


1B44.]                   Ont  National  Bank—ihailvit  Iry  amathtr  J  m 

000 OMh.     OnthetuipeDdeddebtwere  mioed  by  the  lone  of  faia  ]aat  and  un- 

found  fiAy-two  lEidiTidiiBU,  firniH  and  digeued  meal.     If  such  ft  tctt  be  ap- 

companietebMgedvithnioiethftiifSO-  plied  to  the  temains  of  the  bank  of  the 

DOO  each,  tnentT-nine  with  more  than  United  Statee,  it  is  a  qneetion  whether 

$50,000    eaeb,    and    nine    esceediDK  the  ioquicei  would  not  be  a  little  pui- 

$100,000  each.     Six  concerns    were  eled  lo  Gnil  out  to  what  clus  the  mon- 

«burged'with  $8,314,000.     One  Phila-  8(er  in  qaestion  belonged.     Ccrlaiol;^, 

delpbia  finD,  through  the  agency  of  the  the  Ia«t  auppogilion  would  be  (hat  it 

ExchaiigeCoinhUtee,whoseoperations  was  an  institution  establiahed  for  the 

will  in  a  moment  be  adverted  to,  receiv-  purpose   of   loading    money   on   good 

•d  aooommodationa  between  August,  commeicial  paper  bavins  a  short  tima 

1S35  and  November,  1837,  to  the  exieut  to  run,  for,  of  all  securities  remaining 

of  $4^13,S78,  more  than  half  of  which  in  its  crop,  such  paper  was  about  the 

wia  obiainsd  in  1837.     The  olhcers  of  rarest.      The  substaaiial  viands  Bod 

the  bank   came  in  for  shftres,  which,  plain  meats  which  the  just  course  of 

KTsst  aa  wtL»  the  plunder,  seem  almost  hanking  woald  procure,  seam  never  to 

luspniporiiosate,    Mr.  Samuel  Jaudon,  hare  met  its  taste ;  and,  in  their  place, 

when  he  resigned  ascaBhier,andwasap-  itsappelile  was  sated  with  fancy  dishea 

poioied  foreign  agent,  was  indebted  m  of  a  character  as  fatal  to  itself  as  they 

the  sum  of  $408^80,  and  the  ingenions  were  deieierioua  .  to  the  aommnnity. 

reaaon  the  directors  gave  for  crediting  Among   the   ingredients,   in   the   Tart 

him  with  an  enormona  salary,  when  in  chaos  whiob  the  final  exposure  de*e- 

tbe  latter  capacity,  was  (hat  by  so  do-  loped,  were  to  be  found  atooks  of  cveiT 

ing  they  tosk  the  only  way  of  sinking  imaginable  tinge  of  badness,  from  tail- 

anytfaing  of  bis  debt.     In  1S30,  under  roads   which  were   only  laid   for   the 

the  old  bank,  another  individual,  then  purpose  of  borrowing  money,  down  to 

oaahier,  stood  charged  with  $104,000.  town-Iota  which  never  had  been  laid  out 

At  the  aame  time,  the  first  assistant  stall.  Notes o f broken-do wnpoliticiana, 

oaahier  wasindebt«t  toihe  bank, $116-  — notes,  alas!  of  some  who  were  once 

000,  which  sum   was   soon  afterwards  among  (he  most  honored  of  our  public 

swollen  to  $326,363,  about  which  time  men,-— deeds   for    nunUjerless   lots   in 

he  was  promoted  to  the  post  of  cashier,  cities  on  the  bed  of  the  Mississippi,— 

If  it  should  be  inquired  what   became  Texas  scrip,  and   Panama  scrip,  and 

of  Mich  great  sams,  it  is  answered  that  scrip  of  nations  nut  to  be  found  on  the 

the  three  last-named  officers  had  been  map, — stock  of  Dismal  Swamp  Canal 

prafuaely  engaged  in  investing,  on  Uieir  and  of  Bald  Eagle  Spring  Navigation 

iO(iitoonceni,intheCamdenand  Wood-  Campanv, — fancy  stocks  of  every  hue, 

bury  railroad,  or  the  Wilmington  ruU  — were  ibund  imbedded  in  ihe  general 

road,  in   the   Daophin   and   Lycoming  Vicksburg  bottom, 

eoal  lands,  and  in  the  Grand  Gulf  rail-  The  cotton  speculations  give  a  fair 

road,  the  stocks  of  which,  when  they  idea  of  the  method  in  which  a  national 

were  dropped  by  their  holders  aa  a  bad  bank  is  to  be  managed.    The  chaitet 

speoulatioa,  were  pitched  off  upon  Ihe  prescribed   that   the  bank   should   not 

bank,  in  satlsfaetion  for  the  debt.    In  deal  in  meroliandiae.    The  bank,  how- 

1836,  (he  sum  lent  on   the  bypotheca-  ever,  or  rather  its  officers,  who  had 

tioB  of  faitcy  stacks,  amonnted  to  near-  usurped  its  sole  management,  thought 

ly  $30,400,000,  a  sum  sufficient  to  dia-  differently  \  and  in  1837,  without  the 

charge  half  the  debt   of  the  State   of  authority  or  even  the  knowledge  of  the 

PeBnaylvaois,   but  which  was  sunk  in  board,  tbe  first  advances,  amounting  to 

mad  specnlatioDS,  or  abstracted  with  83,183,Q05,  were  made  to  A.  G.  Jau- 

fraudnlent  designs,  to  the  destruction,  don,  for  Ihe  purchase  of  cotton,  to  be 

not  onlyofthe  property  of  those  who  remitted  to  Baring,  Brothers  &  Co.,  of 

had  been  enticed  within  the  bank  por-  Liveipool.     "  The  derangement  of  the 

tals,  but  of  the  credit  and  character  of  currency,"  said  Mr.  Biddle,  on  the  10th 

the  conntry.  of  December,  1838,  when  explaining  In 

It  is  said  that  a  geologist  is  able  to  a  letter  lo  Mr.  Adams  the  nature  (^ 

deeide  upon  the  genua  and  properties  the  operation,  "  placed  the  staples  of 

of  a  fossti  monster,  by  examining  the  the  south  entirely  at  the  meroy  of  th» 

eODlents    of   hie    maw  ; — cainivoroua  foreign  purchaser,  who  could  have  die- 

or  bertiiTOKiua,  tbe  ehuacter  of  the  tued  the  terms  of  sale  to  the  prostrated 

•■bjeetiaalqwiat  invariably  to  be  deter-  planier.     It  was    thought   proper    to       C~^oOllIp 


m                       Om  Nmtimid  Bmk—thall  we  try  aiMitr  f  [Aug. 

A*att  tbe  STil  bj  employing:  &  ^x^e  in  the  tenate,  thai  "  the  eha^ea  of  n- 

portion  or  the  cepitKl  of  the  b&nk  m  Becaril;  aod    insolTancT  of  Ihe   bulk 

makingailTaDaesDnBaDthernprodnca."  iFere  withoat  th«  ali^iteet  faand^Kn," 

In  1839,  dte  o«i»ld  drawD  from  the  mod  that  time,  the  ^at  arbiter  of  bm- 

bnnk,  let  it  be  rMnembeTed,  without  the  naa  eateTprioea,  had  confirmed  hiadoe- 

advica  or    cooseiit  of   the  diieotore,  laration.     Upon    this    deelaniion    be 

■moooted  to  $8,960,490.     In  1840,  on  foonded  one  of  his  moot  poeitire  ki^ 

feakueing'  the  accoanta,  the  banlc  wa«  menta  in  favor  of  the  reaolalioaa  vir- 

Aond  to  be  a  lo«er  to  the  timonnt  of  tuallj  impeaobins  Geieral   Jaefcaon; 

4iS3,ftM,   neaH;   one-thirtieth   of  ita  and  naieted  tb«  eoorta  fiw  tbeir  lepsrf. 

■e^tal,  a  deficit  which  af^emrds  waa  In  September,  1837,  be  proetkinted 

^woaiderably  anelled,  and  whioh,  when  a  National  Bank  to  he  "  the  great  wast 

ih«  parties  iverec^ed  upcn  for  settle-  of  the  country,"  and  "the  only  safe  umI 

aoent,  waa  divided  inlo  four  portions,  certain  remedy"  fur  (he  alarming  dis- 

«ne  of  which  was  Tcpadiated  ahogelber,  tress  nhlch  he  declared  the  conittry  lo 

-•nd  the  remainder  replaced  fay  a  mass  be  eufferingfrom  the  termiaalionof  the 

of  worthless  trash,  under  the  name  of  charter  of  the  late  National  Bank. 

edlaterat  security.  It  is  said  that,  of  the  thirty^iTS  mil- 

Who  can  justify  the  re-isaoe,  by  Uie  lion  capital,  fifkeen  millioa  was  loat  bf 

PeBHylTania    Bank     of    the    United  the  depreclBtion  of  fancy  stocks,  aM 

'8tM«a,  of  notes  otiginally  iMned  by  Ave  million  by  dowBright  depMdMicm. 

11m  pareot  bank,  and  by  it  redsemed  1  It  ia  well  known  that  the  losses  in  Bat- 

Gerttinly  not  Mr.  Clay,  who  in  Feb.,  limore  alone,  in  Ilia  fliat  two  yean  af 

18S8,    scarcely   ventured    to   sustain  (he    bank's    eirislenss,    araoonted   to 

wImi  he  called  "  the  ttricl  legality"  of  •3400,(H)0.    It  was  suted  in  the  fiiat 

'4|m  traoaaction,  and  yet,  with  astonirii-  report  of  the  etockholdets'  iorestigatiBg 

iug  boldnesa,  be  defended  the  breach  of  comntttee  that  "  there  was  a  eharfo 

Anh  1^  saying  that  "  nobody  doubts  under  date  of  Jane    30(h,   I84A,  of 

the  perfiwt  safety  of  the  notes, — no  one  9400,000  to  'Parent  Bank  note*  m»- 

■oan  believe  that  tbey  witi  not  be  fnlty  dooM'  which  bad  not  been  explained  M 

wid  Akirly  paid."    Such  was  the  petioy  (he  BSlisfitotiin  of  the  committee,    it 

-which  DDtaioed  with  the  bank'a  preai'  must  also  be  neationed  that  amoBg  llie 

daKaad  tiie  bank's  friends ;  and  in  such  cspenditims  of  (be  bank  there  an  m- 

«  manner,  aasumptioD  after  asaumptioa,  tered    at  *arion8    dates,  commeneiog 

naorpation  after  marpstion,  embMtle-  Hay  6, 1830,  sums  amounting  in  all  la 

mentaflerembeiilemeotwerejustified.  C6I8,(M0  16,  aa  paid  on  tbe  voocfaets 

"  It  is  wrong,  we  do  not  deny,  hot  took,  of '  Mr.  N.  Biddle,'  of  '  Mr.  N.  Blddta 

lunr  pro&tabte  I    It  may  be  a  breach  of  and  J.  Cowperthwaite,' and 'cashier^ 

&ith  for  us  to  pay  out  notes  w6  ptwn-  voaehere.'    As  the    oommittee  vrai« 

(aed  ti  cancel,  and  which  belong  to  us  unable  to  obtain  satisfactory  inGnwa- 

fiv  that  pnrpaee  alone,  bat  hew  can  we  tion  upon  the  subject  of  these  expeosBS 

liesitate  at  a  job  so  premising  1"     In  fiom  the  books  and  officers  of  the  baidl, 

fact,  one  of  xhe  worst  fsaiures  abont  the  application  was  made  by  letter  to  Hi. 

game  which  the  bank  playad,  waa  the  N.  Biddle  and  Mr.  J.  Gowperthwaite, 

ialse  representations  it  vraa  in  the  habit  from  whom  no  reply  was  received." 

«f  bolding  out  to  the  community.     Mr.  Such  was  the  story  told  on  the  6r«t  r«- 

Clay,  nioae  sanguine  tempemment  al-  pott  of  the  committee,  and  oniiappfly 

waysmsdebimone  of  the  most  danger-  for  the  reputation  of  the  officers  of  tbe 

ooe,  as  he  waa  one  of  the  most  doped,  bank,  every  fresh  atep  brought  then 

of  its  supporters,  repeatedly  expressed  deeper  into  the  mud.    The  fact  re- 

hia  faith  tn  it  when  it  was  essentially  mains  imdisputed,  that  9800,000  were 

kaoktupl,  and  called  upon  the  people  spent  for  purposes  of  which  the  dii«o- 

to  eonw  up  for  shelter  under  so  firni  tion  knew  nothing,  and  which  were 

and  impregnable  a  fortress.  glossed  over  by  a  seriee  of  fklae  en- 

Ttms,  in  Janoary,  1887,  he  declared  tries    and    intricate    traaepontiona.* 


X, 


The  ■sbseqncDt  report*  of  the  committee  ^ce  the  matter  in  a  maeb  stronger 


aiwnat  dtsboned  for  purposes  nnexobuned  ammmted.  btlbre 
MmtASS,  tSt»,Xo 


1844.]  OntPfalurudBrnk—thaUietlri/aiMhtrf  13S 

Wbat  M  TUt  K  (am  wu  expeoded  in  American  espiul  ia  to  b«  iiaeked  tuHsa 

will  be  inquired  iolo  at  the  oloM  of  this  to  the  convulBife  and  profllgUe  esai- 

Article.  liooa  of  the  Bank  of  the  Uaiied  States, 

The  brief  limita  before  u*  vill  not  futare   examioatioiu  will  eipoae.     la 

•Jlow    anything    more  than  a   pasting  two  initencea,  at  leatt,  it  is  ctaar,  that 

glance  at  what  is  among  the  most  im-  the  repodiaied  bonds  had  been  obtain- 

portaat  i>f  the  reaolta  of  the  profligate  ed  b;  the  bank  for  its  piiTate  porpose* 

menagemenl  which  the  bsnk  was  no-  abroad,  and  had  been  peid  for  onlj  to  ft 

der.    In  1838,  and  1839,  when  money  small  araounl. 

waa  eeaice  and  exchange  on  England  What  then  did  the  bank  do  for  our 
Ugh,  the  bank  found  it  necessary  to  business  moralitjt  The  answer  is  a* 
look  about  for  aecutitiea  which  woold  plain  aa  it  is  melancholy.  It  atimuIUed 
meet  with  accepUnee  in  the  foreign  a  system  of  miserable  and  shallow 
maiket.  Fancy  stocks,  no  matter  bow  apeeuiation,  which  ate  sp  our  mean* 
napectable  here,  were  of  no  lepntation  aad  destroyed  oar  credit.  By  a  seriea 
oa  the  other  side  of  the  Atlantic.  The  of  mammoth  frandi  it  showed  to  thft 
indiridnal  credit  of  the  bank  was  ex-  community  how  successfully  the  ere* 
tienelf  low,  and  it  heeaoiB  necessary  dutityofthemanTCouldbsworkednpoB 
fiir  it  to  attain  every  net* e  to  prevent  to  satiate  the  lusts  of  the  few.  It 
baokniptcy.  The  plan  was  seuad  on  aohieTed  ita  mission — it  succeeded  in 
of  getting  hold  of  as  much  State  stock  perverting  in  the  bttsiaeas  commnnitj 
as  was  possible,  and  sending  it  to  Eu-  those  safe  and  ancient  principles  of  mo- 
rope  as  a  pledge  for  future  advances,  rality  which  are  the  chief  sinews  of  ao- 
Haobinery  was  al  once  put  in  motion  ciety — it  contaminated  everything  that 
for  the  purpose.  The  Morris  Canal,  came  within  ila  touch — and  then  it  ex- 
■t  that  lime  largely  inToWed  with  the  ploded,  to  pour  ruin  on  the  heads  at 
bank,  took  hold  of  the  State  of  Michl-  thoae  who  had  trusted  Ibemselvea  to  iu 
gan,  and  aoeceeded  in  negoliatiog  with  shelter.  It  is  the  fashion  to  invoke  od 
It  a  heavy  loan,  the  oertificatea  of  the  head  of  Mr.  Biddls  the  whole  dta- 
wbi«i)  were  at  onee  sent  lo  Europe  and  credit  arising  from  the  fall  of  the  bank 
there  hypothecated,  bat  the  inatalmenta  he  governed  ;  but  it  is  well  to  pause 
of  which,  BH  due  from  the  canal  to  the  and  inqaire  how  far  the  blood  of  one 
state  government,  were  never  paid  man,  however  profligate,  can  wash  off 
Over.  A  similar  arrangement  was  made  stains  bo  permanent  and  deep.  It  is 
witb  Miksiasippi,  through  the  inatm-  easy  to  point  to  him  and  say  be  was 
BiMltaHty  of  tbe  Union  Bank,  by  an  the  man  ;  but  it  would  be  well  to  in- 
SKieement  dated  August  IS,  163S,  quire  wliat  made  him  the  oiaa.  la  it 
"nte  circumatancee  of  the  Penasylvania  clear  that  other  men  could  have  emerge 
loan  taken  by  the  bank  of  the  United  ed  from  the  bank,  aller  fifteen  years 
States,  by  the  means  of  which  an  im-  goverimient,  without  being  satorated 
neoae  amount  of  Pennsylvaoia  bonds  by  the  atmosphere  which  aurronoded 
were  looked  up  abroad,  were  of  a  simi-  it !  Mr.  Biddle's  history,  in  fact,  ia  ft 
lar  oharacter.  Are  not  tbe  operations  pregnant  illustration  of  Ibe  incapacity 
thus  carried  on,  to  be  oonnected  with  of  human  nature,  in  its  finest  mould,  to 
tbemelsacboly  insolvency  of  the  Stales  resist  the  operation  of  infloencea  in 
in  question,  the  first  two  of  which —  themBelves  desolating  and  corrupt. 
wrongly,  without  doubt,  but  still  nnder  Originally  a  federalist,  and  elected  at 
cireumataoces  which  shifted  a  large  a  very  early  age  to  ^e  Fenusylvanift 
share  of  tbe  blame  on  the  bank — direct-  Senate,  he  distinguished  himself  when 
W  repudiated  the  debt  thus  incurred  t  in  that  body  by  a  report,  aa  able  s 
la  bow  great  a  degree  the  shameful  it  was  manly,  ...•.• 
pioatiuiioa    of  American   credit  and  ^'    "    '  " 

To  which  most  be  added  an  item  whieh,  tbongh  entered  in  the  books  at  , 

sabeeqacot  periods,  was  expended  before  lest  dale  66,118 

And  sjso  amoant  nbeadv  mentioned  as  ehaned  on  parent  bank  note 

seeoant 400,000 

fcma  thus  espcKledia  the  nineteen  meotha  succeeding  March  £»,  1836      191,08a         ^  i 

Lsft*isclb«iAoleamoanltob«ascow>tedfw »1,01B^       ^OO^IC 


134  One  NttienalBank—thaJIfoe  fry  (mother  f  [Ang. 

BDbniiUed  to  the  iction  of  the  different  one  ont-blBzing  ita  predeeeMor  in  the 
l^al&toreE.  Taken  up  at  onee  by  there-  cplendorof  Iti  congntiili.tioni  and  ttie  , 
poblicKn  partj,  be  was  notninated  by  it  glare  of  it*  proniaes — till  it  begsn  to 
10  repreaent  the  city  of  Fbiladetpbia  in  be  discoTered  at  Wariiin^n  that  eor- 
the  fineenth  Confess,  but  was  defeat-  rnpttcm  was  at  the  core  of  the  bank, 
ed  by  Mr.  John  Sergeant,  who  lome  and  it  befian  to  be  snapectsd  at  Pht]«- 
yeats  after  became  one  of  his  most  ac-  delpbia  that  the  Government  bad  foond 
tJTO  collbaguea  in  the  management  of  out  the  imposture,  ^r.  Biddle,  al- 
the  bank.  When  ihe  charter  received  ways  bold,  and  genenlly  s^aciooB, 
the  President's  sigrtatnre,  Mr.  Biddle,  saw  that  the  General  Administrattoa 
whose  reputation  for  business  ability,  must  be  crashed,  or  eiposure  wonld  be 
U  well  as  literary  acoompliabments,  inevitable  ;  and  forthwith  eommesesd 
bad  reached  Waahinglon,  was  appoint-  a  conflict  which  has  proved  to  the ' 
•d  by  Mr.  Madison  among  the  first  vorid  that  of  all  dangerane  things  the 
government  direclors,  and  continued  as  most  dangerons  is  a  moneyed  powvr, 
Buch  Duiil  his  election  as  president,  injured  and  desperate,  bnt  not  hamUed. 
PoBseased  of  unruffled  self-confidence.  Secret  service  money  ran  from  press 
of  intimate  acquaintance  with  the  to  press — from  patriot  to  patriot-— till, 
elementa  of  human  nature,  never  de-  in  the  roedlej,  the  great  body  of  the 
ficient  in  expedient,  and  always  able  people  knew  not  where  to  look.  False 
to  express  himself  in  a  style  clear,  ele-  itsnee  were  made  to  alarm  the  timid, 
sant,  and  forcible,  he  was  qnalified  un-  and  to  excnse  the  corrupt.  Mr.  Bid- 
der less  trying  circumstaneea  to  reflect  die  rode  bravely  on  the  head  of  tbe 
Otedit  on  his  country,  and  to  draw  honor  wave,  dispensing  favors  like  a  naboli, 
tobimielf.  When  he  went  into  the  pre-  receiving  the  allegiance  of  the  moaey- 
sidency,  the  bank,  throogh  tbe  severe  ed  interests,  and  mwntajoing  for  two 
and  active  remedies  parsoed  by  Mr.  years  an  equ^  cooSict  with  the  Pren- 
Cheves,  was  recovering  from  the  proa-  dent  and  the  people.  The  Senate  was 
tration  it  had  experieooed  under  Mr.  drawn  into  the  mliJe,  and  passed  by  a 
Jones.  It  was  then  that  Mr.  Biddte  large  majority  the  famous  impeaching 
oommilted  his  first  error — an  error  resolutions.  Still,  iho  bank  was  break- 
■pringing  so  immediately  from  the  poai-  ing.  What  it  wanted  was  ths  breath 
tiOB  of  the  bank,  that  it  is  much  easier  of  life,  of  which  the  President's  reM 
to  ceitsare  the  fault,  than  lo  have  es-  bad  robbed  it.  Byastmn^Basdaring 
esped  the  contagion  whieb  influenced  aa  it  was  soceeMful,  the  legislature  of 
it.  The  stock,  which  Mr.  Jones  bad  Pennsylvania  wis  broaght  up,  belhws 
pn^d  out  and  inflated  to  prodigions  ro-  in  hand,  to  inflate  the  Innge  of  tbe  ex- 
tundity,  and  which  had  nadnallr,  piring  monster ;  and  in  Jooe,  1936, 
diTDDgb  the  prudent  dividends  of  Mr.  lacked  to  the  end  of  an  omnibae  bill, 
Choves,  shronk  lo  its  just  dimensions,  was  passed  the  new  charter  of  tbe 
on  the  secession  of  Mr.  Biddle  scarcely  Bank  of  the  United  States. 
obtminedmote  thanMO  ortSSashare.  The  stimulant,  however,  foiled  in 
Somodiing  must  be  done  to  swdl  it  out  renovating  the  frame  of  the  bank.  Mr. 
•gain,  or  the  speculators  who  had  tak-  Biddle  retired  from  its  head,  conseions 
W  up  tbe  investment  would  come  out  of  the  ruin  which  would  soon  be  expos- 
the  worse  for  the  sdventuifl.  Mr.  Bid-  ed,  tormented  probaUy 
" flJn   * 


B  had  marched  into  the  presidency  by  a 

with  ftying  colors,  and  he  felt  that  if  loss  which  wonid  ensue.     The  storm 

the  mcmicnt  of  his  accession  went  by  came,  and  on  his  head  preeminently  its 

withont  a  rise,  the  hopes  which  arose  fury  burst.    Criminal  prosecutions  and 

fkom  it  would  be  dsshed.     The  temp-  civil  snits  waited  on  him  to  his  grave ; 

tatioQ  could    not  be   resisted.     First  and  be  died  at  last,  unable  to  drag  bis 

came  a  florid  report,  then  an  eoormons  reputation  or  his  fortune  from  tbe  ruiiu 

dividend.    Ths  stock  needed  nothing  of  that  great  edifice  which  he  had  lor               ■ 

more,  and  after  a  successioD  of  rapid  so  long  ptoodly  governed.     'Diat  he 

Jumps,  reached  its  old  level.     For  ten  might  have  wiUislood  the  temputtiona 

J  Bars  the  gams  was  kept  np;  great  of  bis  position,  or  have  stemined  the 

Ividands  came  sprouting  ont,  drawing  cormpuon  of  the  times  is  possible ;  and 

off  tbe  sap  and  drying  up  the  sabstanee  yet,  perhapa,  his  beat  ezonae  ib  that  hs 

tit  the   Mink, — annual  statement*  and  fell  the  chief  victim  to  the  cootagioQa            -ilry 

oeoasioBBl  speeches  were  made,  each  touch  of  a  system  whleh  has  dnmat^d         ,v 


1S44.)  OmSMMiaBMilt—tkaUiBHiymiulIttrt  1S6 

dte  fbttoDeBaiMl  tka  ohknetcra  ofiaa)-  to  proeate  k  consUnt  soeeeaaion  of 

titndes.  Ib  ihia  tbeor;  1  Wm  it  theorr  ^ood  aecarities  (o  ihe  amount  of  970,- 

wben  B   great   political  economiBt   u  000,000.     Local  bunks  can  do  it,  ba- 

well   as   a    moat    logical    rhetorieiaii,  cause  ihej  have  amall  capitals  and  » 


maintainod  th^  a  great  central  banking  cupied  dutricta;  bni  wbeo  a  single 
sntao)  pollnieB  the  moral  energies  of  bank  attempts  to  collect  investmeota  to 
tMia  with  whom  it  haa  to  do — ibat  ii    the  ^reat  sum  which  haa  jnst  been 


we«keiw  the  principles,  enbatilutes  a  mentiooed,  it  will  find  that  ii 
■aw  rule  of  right  and  wrong,  and  that  menaitf  of  its  sweep  it  will  be  obliged 
tkat  mie  ia  money  1  Alas !  tbe  history  Ui  gather  latn  ita  gamer  cbaff  aa  well 
of  the  bank  shows  it  was  not  theory,  aa  wheat.  What  is  to  be  dona  io  the 
bat  fact  t  Gambling  specDlations  were  next  six  months,  will  be  the  conetant 
•tatted  in  every  qnarter,  from  VJckS'  inquiry.  We  have  oar  diridend  of  ona 
bar;  to  Bangor,  and  wherever  they  millioa  lo  tnahe,  and  we  cannot  suffat 
were  ataned,  the  natural  fraits — fraud,  oor  captal  to  lie  idle.  Interest  for  oar 
faleehood,  corruption — aprang  forth  money  we  must  get  by  hook  or  bj 
abnndanlty.  Of  those  connected  with  crook ;  and  if  we  cannot  find  eontmer- 
the  bank  id  ita  flood,  who  is  there  that  cial  paper  to  diaoount,  we  will  accept 
has  emerssd  with  an  nnblemished  repn-  fancy  atooka.  Hr.  Ntebolaa  Biddle,  in 
tation  T  It  is  for  the  plain  and  honest  his  foarth  letter  to  Mr.  Clayton,  gave 
m«a  of  the  country — the  hard-thinking  aa  a  reason  for  the  immense  loans  lo 
and  hard-working  men — who  wiah  to  several  Philadelphia  firma,  that  sneh 
return  to  tbe  good  old  days  of  repubti-  was  the  only  way  that  the  hank  could 
eaa  simplicity  and  repnblican  integrity,  get  rid  of  ila  money.  Such  being  th« 
to  aay  whether  once  more,  with  full  case,  does  it  not  follow  that  in  a  caun- 
kaowledge  of  the  oonseqaences,  we  try  like  oura,  where  there  are  banks  ia 
shall  call  among  ns  a  cDise  which  has  every  village,  each  with  its  paouliai 
destroyed  our  credit,  and,  what  ia  far  and  appropriated  field  of  action,  a  na- 
worse,  haa  eatablisbed  a  nong  us  a  false  tioaal  bant  would  And  it  impoasible  to 
standard  of  busineas  morality  which  it  dispose  of  ita  eighty  or  ona  handred 
will  take  years  of  patient  and  ene^etic  millions  of  notes  in  ordinary  and  aaffl 
effort  to  break  down.  busineaa  operaiions,  but  would  be  forced 
In  conclnsion,  if  a  new  Bank  of  tbe  either  to  stop  paying  divideads,  oi  to 
United  Staiea  be  chartered,  ia  it  pnrfia-  loan  money  on  stock  security !  It  is 
ble  that  it  will  do  otberwiae  than  the  auch  a  neceaaity  that  keeps  the  Bank 
late  bank  didT  The  fact  is,  that  the  of  England  from  diaconnting;  aod  tbe 
aeade  of  the  disease  which  broke  down  same  neceaaity  should  make  us  moat 
the  bank  in  IB40,  were  inherent  in  its  careful  bow,  we  incur  again  tbe  di*- 
eonatitalioa.  An  inslitutton  with  thirty-  grace  and  injury  which  the  late  baidt 
five  millions  capital,  and  with  discounts  brought  upon  ss.* 
to  tha  amount  of  aeventy  millions,  must  ji.  What  thk  bakk  did  fob  otra 
neoessarily,  in  the  coarse  of  a  few  covnaacwt,  eTASiLiTT. 
years,  fail  into  similar  diffieultias.  In  an  essay  published  by  Mr.  Biddte, 
Were  there  no  second-class  banks,  jn  ,|,e  National  Gazette,  on  the  lOlh  of 
there  might  be  leas  difficulty  in  finding  April,  1838,  occurs  the  following  pas- 
good  commercial  paper  enough  at  short    ^^gg  . 

dates  to  discount  upon,  but  situated  as 

a  bank  in  this  country  mast  needs  be,  « if  «  bank  lends  its  money  oa  mort- 

in  the  midst  of  a  crowded  market,  it  is  gages  or  stocks,  for  long  terms,  aad  lo 

impoeaible  for  the  eentral  government  persons  careless  of  protests,  it  inenrs  Ihl* 


•  "Sneheoasequences/'sajt  a  shrewd  observer,  "are  insepsrable  from  the  prct- 
eat  system,  and  mast  not  be  ascribed  to  the  faults  in  the  men  who  manage  it.  Under 
another  preaident  and  another  boatdof  directors,  the  Baak  of  the  United  Stales  might 
dM  bare  committed  precisely  Ihe  same  fiultt,  but  it  might  bave  cracmitled  l^alta 
which  vrould  have  inflicted  still  greater  evils  en  the  eonunonily.  A  president  and 
board  of  dircetota  who  would  refnae  to  take  measures  necessary  to  raise  Ibe  rate  of 
dividends  and  tbe  price  (rf' shares  as  high  as  possible  would  be  very  unpopalar  with 
the  steekholdan,  and  wonU  probably  tooa  be  Hipi^JHTit  from  their  ofltc^  stalioaa." 
— Os^'f  Aufsry  f^  JleaUng,  p.  400. 


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IM                      OiuNatumaiBaidt^-tJuiiiMtrfaiudktrt  [AiV- 

greu  riik,  tb4t,  on  ths  one  hud,  iu  notei  tbay  tnte  baen  ni«4«  good.    Lst  k  bo- 

■re  pajrable  on  demanil;  while,  on  tbe  inquired,  briefly, 

other,  iU  aebW  cannol  be  caBed  io  wilh-  iBt_  !£„„  f„  ji  aoMliied  iha  TioiNi- 

oat  great  delay— ■  delsy  ftt«I  to  iti  eredit  m^,  ^f  „^e  ■                                                            I 

Iwsk  bu  ittftindB  miwly  in  short  loan*  eesMa  of  banLina-                                                      ! 

topenont  to bofineM — tbe ranh of  boii-        -,.,_  ti r    '.'i  _  n  i  .l    -  .- 

«irb«tt.otion^-p.yaWa    on    a   day  .  ad^.How&ritletdladthaiMqu.li- 
BaBied."  '^  of  eichange. 

,  Suob,  in  fact,  tn  tbe  Uitee  graU 

Suob  ■  risk  it  wu  that  tbe  btak  of  ntiribate*  which  were  claimed  fbi  it  b^ 

tbe  United  Statea  ran  at  two  diatinot  ita  mOBt  eminsnt  adrocnte ;  and,  if  it 

enm  in  ita  history.    When,  on  the  17lh  be  ahown  that  the  bank,  bj  iia  bialoir,                , 

of  JiDowj,  I81T,  it  went  into  open-  haa  negatited  the  elaima  which  are 

tion,  it  made  no  heaitation  ia  oSiwiDg  ihua  mada,  it  ia  difficult  to  aae  tm  wbat                 ■ 

ita  diaoounta,  and  iaaning  notea,  upon  apeoiea  ofioaaonii^  it  oau  in  future  bft 

alnoet  erery  imaginablo  aeogritj,  at  anpported.                                                             I 

the  moat  piotiaoted  datea.    Inatead  of  lat.  How  far  the  bank  equalized  tbe-                [ 

•7,Oao,0W  batnf   paid   in   specie,  aa  Ticiaailndea  of  trade. 

tba  ohuier  required,  Uitle  more  than  1831- — The  sevete    ooatraction  of 

ope-thicd  that  amonnt  waa  receifcd.  181B-10  beginning  to  give  place  t» 

Bnt  the  dajr  for  Uie  reeiKoption  of  ape-  more  genial  meaaurea,  tba  apecDlatuw 

eie  pa]piDBnta  waa  drawing  nigh,  aitd  intereala  awoke  from  their  torpor,  and, 

.  tia  apU  «xpaaaioB  which  marked  ita  on  the  atraogth  of  freih  iaaoes  aod  io- 

lliat  year  waa  aaeeeeded  b;  a  atill  mora  creaaed  diacounta  from  the  bank,  prieea 

rapid  contraeiioa.     In  eight  moniha,  roae  rapidly    and  fanoy    iaveetm«nt»                 | 

between  the  30th  of  July,  I81S,  and  thickened. 

die  lat  of  April,   IS19,    loana  were  1B39. — A  reaction  began  aboai  Uay* 

drawn  in  to  the  amoant  of  $6,630,000.  and,  during  the  whole  year,  tbe  mCNMy 

The  bank  found  ttaelf  on  the  ver^e  of  market  waa  tight  and  the  buaineaa  in- 

bankmptcy,  and  only  recoTOied  itaelf  tereata  dietieased. 

by  meana  which  brought  tbe  aercantila  1633. — The  bank  took  a  freah  staxt, 

iWereata  to  thedust.    AAer  pampering  and  threw  out  on  the  world  a  vaat 

wd    indulging   ita  debtori,   renewing  quantity  of  notea — (ao  many,  that  the 

tfaair  notea  when  they  becamedue,  and  number  at  last  waa  checked  only  from 

ioomaing  ^eir  loans  when  it  waa  de-  the  phyaical  inability  of  the  officers  to 

aired,  it  snddeniy  called  in  ita  dues,  aign  any  more] — and  diaeotmled  with 

tsd)  without  a  moment's  grace,  com-  great  profuHeoesi. 

nenced  a  oourae  of  treatment  aastrin-  I8S4-5. — The   mercantile   interesia 

Eit  aa  that  wbirh  had  preceded  it  waa  were  stimolated  bv  the  liberality  of  the 

Such  was  the  secret  of  the  great  bank,  and  engaged  in  a  number  of  fre^ 

eniTnlaionof  1816-19,  by  which  credit  enterprieea,  to  meet  which  their  paper 

was  npset,  and  an  amount  of  bank-  was  freely  discounted.    So  great  waa 

raptey  incnrred  which  threw  into  the  the  exoitemeot  among  the  moneyed  in- 

worat  conffaaion  our  commercial  rela-  tereata,  (bat,  in  one  day  (April  0, 18911^,                 , 

tiona.  seTOD  expresses  arriied  at  Fliiladelphja                 | 

Throwing  out  of  the  calculation  the  from  New  York,  with  news  of  the  risa 

first  foor  years  of  the  bank's  hiatory,  of  the  Lirerpool  cotton  market.    The- 

vben  its  aberrations  may  be  excused  price  of  cotton  rose  ooe-lhird ;  angar 

M  the  ground  of  the  noTolty  of  the  ex-  doubled  ;  cotton  goods  rose  sixty  per 

paiiment  and  tbe  inexperience  of  those  cent.;  and  wages  participated  in  the 

ngaged  in  ita  management,  there  re-  nniveraa!  Jump.    ETery  day,  according 

maio,  from  1691  to  1834,  fifteen  years  to  the  newspapers  of  the  time,  reporla 

of  corporate  existence,  ample  enough  were  to  be  heard  of  men,  who,  by  one 

alid  recent  enough  to  enable  us  to  dia-  operation,  bad  made,  thirty,  forty,  or 

eoTer,  with  some  accuracy,  how  much,  fifty  thouaand  dollars.    The  Charleston 

during  ao  long  a  cooTse  of  power,  the  Patriot,  to  show  the  slate  of  feeling, 

bank  did  for  the  commercial  community,  mentioned  ihal,  in  many  cases,  so  great 

It  ia  here  that  we  are  able  to  go  home  was  the  activity  of  the  uiarkeL  "  the 

to  ita  own  aasumptiona,  and  determino  same  parcel  of  cotton  had  changed 

tna  faot,  not  from  theory,  how  far  owaan  mx  oi  asTeo  times  in  a  wmI^              i 

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1844.]                   Om  JtotoMJ  BMi  '  liaB  «m  try  mmatktrf                      1S7 

vithoat  iMviif  As  hudt  of  the  ba<  (he  diMreH  whieh  hid  ebtr»oMri»4 

toi."    Id  M«7, 1694,  the  fimoQi  Peon-  1885-6.    At  the   aoith  the  taeMom 

■jtTmaw  bank  bill  wu  paued,  which  was  extreme.     The  pieBident  of  tha 

esUblubed,  in  the  Sute,  •16,000,000  bank,  in  »  letter  to  the  Secietar;  of  the 

baukiog  capiuL     ThefiiiT  ■pieadovei  Treuurj,  dated  July  18th,  1639^  mja 

the  whole  eounlrj  ;  in  New  Yoric  atooe  thftt  ihe  offioe  at  Fon«moQth  "  laat  jear 

Ji53,000,OOOofcoiporaliTe  capital  were  was  nesily  proatratsd  in  the  geaenl 

chutered,  and  not  a  Stale  was  exempt  rain  which  spread  otm  that  eonntn. 

ftom  the  oontagioo.  Oat  of  1460,000  oC  idWWt  •146,000 

lo  Julj,  1835,  the  bank,  fiadiag  ila  were  ihiowD  under  proieat:  atill  fat* 

DOtea  were  not  ^id,  became  alainiedi  thei  iitate«ta  were  eipMted ;  and  the 

and  began  drawing  in  it*  accginmoda-  actual  iMa  auHained  ibare  will  bsI  b* 

tiona.     A  general  luapenaion  of  specie  leaa  than  $119,000." 

pajrmeDta  waa  threatened  bj  the  oiiec-  1830. — Monej  beeame  mere  p]«ntt> 

ton,  sot  only  of  the  local  banka,  but  ful,and  ibebaBk.deaitanaof  keepingay 

aveu,  at  one  period,  of  the  parent  inati-  ila  dividend*,  diaeonnted  once  cgaia 

tatioD.    Of  four  thoasand  weaveia  em-  with  Ubeialiiy. 

ployed  at  Philadelphia  in  UiebeginninR  1631. — Another  relapae,  leieie  hot 

of  1835,  only  one  tbouaand  could  find  tranaient,  waa  experieaced,  and,  aftM 

woik  at  the  aame  lime  is  the  following  a  abort  reooil,  pricea  appeared  to  hn% 

y«u.  found  their  true  lerd,  and  labor  its  aaA 

lesO.—In  April,  1630,  iba  Marble  market."     It  waa  abont   tb«  cloM  sf 

Haanbeturing  Company,  one  of  the  1831  that  ibe  hank  opened  a  eonrae  of 

new  banka,  was  bankrupt,  and  in  its  dealing  the  maddaal  and  the  moM  u- 

wake,    with   ail    imaginable    rapidity,  jaatifiabte.   The  preceding  leaaoes  war* 

awam    the   Dundaff  aad    New   Hope  forgotten.    It  forgot — or  if  it  remam- 
banks  of  Pennaylvaoia,  the  Jerasy  City ,  be^cd  ii,  it  did  so  only  to  make  nse  oC 

bank,  and  Paterson  bank  of  New  Jer-  its  experience  for  mischief — how  teni- 

sey, — the    Green  Counly    baDb,    the  bly  its  previoa*  fluetuation*  bad  worked 

United  States  Lombard,  the  Fianklin  out  upon  Ihe  community,  bow  its  vsiy 

UsnufaclDring  Company,  and  the  New  retfiration,  Uie  periodical  inhaling  asd 

Yuk  Life  Insurance  Company,  of  New  exhaling  of  its  losns,  had  convulsed 

York ;  and,  at  a  short  time  afler,  they  the  continent ;  and,  without  Jnatifyiag 

were  followed  by  a  ahoal  of  insurance  causea,  it  begsn  an  expansion  uopaia)' 

Ud    alook-jobbiag    compaoiea,  which  lelsd  in  history.    An  act  of  Congraaa 

bad  been  spawned  in  the  previous  ax-  had  been  obtained  to  aotboriie  the  pre- 

pansioD,  and  had  not  strength  to  bear  sident  and  cashier  lo  appoint  depirtiea 

the  firat  shock.  far  the  prnpsse  of  signing  neiaa,  and 

18S7.-~The  bank,    feeling  a  lilde  the  only  cbeek  being  thos  remored, 

more  easy,  sod  seeing  that  bniiness  paper  of  all  standards — paj-nojes,  post- 
was  beginning  to  rally,  crawled  out  of   notes,  small  notes,  large  notes,  drafts, 

the  shade,  and  detetmined  gradually  to  bills,  kiies,  rsce-horses — were  showac- 

relax  the  severe  measures  which  the  ed  on    ibe  community.      In    October, 

late  re  Tuition  had  forced  upon  it.     But  18BU,  the  aiatementsoftbe  bank  showed 

so  sensitive  had  the  commercial  system  a  total  of  loans  of  •39,900,063,  and  in 

become,  under  the  violent  excesses  lo  May,  ie3S„of  •70,438,070. 

whioh  it  had  been  subjected,  that  Ihe  Who  wonders  at  the  mad  specula 

slight  stimulant  thus  administered,  and  tion  and  (he  debssing  luxury  ibat  M- 


the  increasing  accommodations  thus  lowed  1  Who  wonders  at  tha  daep 
given,  ted  to  a  great  rise  in  prices  and  disgrace  and  general  rain  that  ansoedl 
Iresh   attempts  at   specnlation.      The     And  need  we  to  go  any  further  to  de- 


bank,  a  Litle  more  oautioua  than  be-  tennine  how  much  it  was  that  Ibe  bank 

fore,  immediately  ahrunk  in  its  eiroda-  did  to  equalise  the  virissiiudes  of  trade  1 

lion,  and  pared  down  its  discounts.  Instead  of  rsmedying  the  mischief,  it 

1839. — Abcal  the  beginning  of  1638  ineressed  it.    Instead  of  smoothing  tha 

Ihe  coantr;  gradually    relapsed    into  waves,  it  agitated  them  atill  lurdiei. 


^Google 


138                       One  Natimud  Bttnt—thall  w  try  tmUm  t  [Anf . 

We  h>Te  been  t«DDled  with  the  reflec-  were  qooMd  t  only  four  pet  cent,  dw- 

tioa  that  WB  are  theoristi ;  we  uk  the  count," 

AiokiDg  men  and  the  recollecting  men  The  fact  ia— aed  the  oMnHnli*0 

of  the  coantrj  to  accompejiy  the  bank  eqoaJitj  of  eiohangee  ejoee  tlte  bank 

front  its  cndle  to  its  graTe,  and  to  aak  hu  been  got  rid  of  provee  it  to  be  ao — 

bow  our  theo^  ii  borne  out  b^  facta.  that  a  National  Bank  ie  ntteil;  aselesa. 

Secondly,  Row   far   the   bank  con-  and  often  vorae  than  oeeleee,  as  an  ez- 

troQed  tiie  excesses  of  banking.  ahange  regulator.      Either  the  locd 

It  wa«  one  of  the  grealTecoouDeoda'  banks  pa^  specie,  or  they  do  not.     If 

tisDS  of  the  bank,  at  the  period  of  its  the;  do,  the    premium  of   eschaue 

oharter,  that  it  would  check  the  State  from  one  point  to  anotbei,  ahould  M 

banks  from  over-isBue,  and  preTsot  an  the  price  that  it  wouM  take  to  transport 

imdne  extension  of  banking  capital,  specie  over  the  giTen  dietanee.    Iftbej 

How  did  the  bank  ntake  good  the  pro-  do  not,  in  addition  to  the  price  thnrre- 

misB  >    From  1830  to  IS30,  acearding  quired,  it  will  be  necesaar;  to  tak«  into 

to  Hr.  GaUatin,  the  bank  notes  in  cir-  ealoulation  the  premium  to  be  paid  ott 

cnlation  increased  from  (44,090,000  to  conTerting  the  local  notes  into  specie. 

401,000,000.    In  1816,  when  tbo  bank  Such,  in  fact,  is  the  natural  diSerenos 

was  chartered,  tbe  aggregate  baoking  in  exchange,  and  it  is  tgij  clear,  that 

oapitri  of  tbe  Union  was  is6,000,000 ;  though  a  National  Bank  may,  if  it 

in  1830,  it  was  $145,000,000.     But  tar  cboosea,  oeeasioiiaJly  have  the  oppoiia- 

greater  was  the  swell  that  arose  in  the  nitj  of  selling  drafts  che^mr,  jret  on  tbo 

tiiree  ^eara  from  1B30  to  1834.    There  long  ran,  tbe  average  of  ita  expeiMea 

was  DO  limit  to  the  extension  of  bank  will  be  that  marked  out  bv  the  neceanrj 

■■aoea,  except  tbe  ability  of  the  country  causes  of  trade.     But  a  National  Bank, 

to  take  them.    The  reealt  was,  at  one  by  thraMiog  its  hand  too  tooghly  into 

tn,exeease9  of  tbe  wildest  order,  at  the  the  delicate  machineir,  maTembarrasa 

next,  eyapension  and  bankruptcy.    The  and  clo^  it;  or  for  the  saie  of  largtt 

Natioital  Bank,  instead  of  oheoking  and  profits,  it  may  esU  its  drafts,  whsnever 

moderating,  by  its  (operioc  weight  and  it  mouopolisee  the  market,  at  exorbitant 

CZpeiience,  tbe  motley  band  about  it,  rates.     Sueh,  ii 


n  forth  te  the  dance.     It  was  a  of  the  )at«  Bank,  and  aach  were  tbe 

dance  of  death  to  many  i  but  it  will  reasons    of   tboM    great    viaiasitudes 

have  been  prodoclive  at  least  of  one  which  convulsed  our  mottetary  syatem 

benefit,  if  it  shows  what  it  was  that  the  during  the  twenty  yesrsof  ita  corporate 

bank  did  to  moderate  exeessea  in  the  ezisteace. 
banking  system.  III. — Wbjlt  thi  Bakk  om  ron  OVB 

Thirdly,  How  ftr  the  Bank  levelled  politicil  poaiTT. 
the  inequalities  of  exchange.  Tliat  the  Bank  did  bat  little  in  poU- 

To  ran  over  tbe  extrao^inary  varia-  tics  in  tbe  first  few  years  of  its  career 

tiona  which  were  suffered  by  exchanges,  was  becaose  it  foniMit  hadin  thatqaar- 

domestic  and  foreign,  during  the  bank's  ter  nothing  to  do.     Mr.  Jones,  it  is  Irvet 

■Dpremacy,  would  ocmpy  a  pamphlet  once  or  twice,  from  mere  wayvnirdneea, 

by  ileelf.     The  broker's  index  eeems  ihrast  his  baiid  into  the  oaldron,  but  he 

men  to  have  run  round  and  round  tbe  spesdily  withdrew  it,  not  beeaoae  po- 

dial  plate,  and  to  have  fixed  within  tbe  litieal    interference  was   unwise,  hot 

■hOTtest  interval,  upon  ralea  of  every  beeanseitwaaonneceseary,    Ur.  Mon- 

pi«b  and  oharacler.     Take,  as  a  single  roe's  plaeid  nantrajity,  and  Mr  Adams' 

ilfaistration,  the  condition  of  exchangee  lealous   friendsh^i,  left  the   Bank  at 

between    Philadelphia  and  New  Or*  liberty  to  parstie  its  own  sebemes,  and 

leans,  in  1836,  at  a  period  when  tbe  to  indulge  in  its  own  extravagances,  at 

Bank  and  its  branches  were  at  full  one  era  with  toleration,  at  the  oHmt 

blast.      "  New  Orleana  notes,"  says  with    encouragement.     But    when  in 

Hr.  Gouge,  "which  were  at  two  or  1838,  tbe  republican  party  regained  tbe 

tiiree  per  cent.  diseonntBt  Philadelphia  aeeendeoey,  the  bank  BwtAe  from  ita 

k  the  spring,  fell  on  tbe  31st  of  Sep-  lethargy.    Oenetal  Jackaoo,  in  hiafirsi 

lember  to  fifteen  per  cent.,  and  were  message,  had  intimated  a  doubt  both  sa 

quoted  on  the  98tb  of  tbe  same  month,  to  its  conatitutiooality  and  its  expedi- 

M  fifty-six  per  cent,  below  par.    On  «ioy ;  uid  at  onoe,  aa  with  ifaa  aoimd 

(be  4th  of  Deccmbar,  tbe  same  notes  of  a  trumpet,  tbe  armed  men  atoae.    A- 


oogic 


1044.]  Oiu  NatioiMt  Brnk—thM  »«  try  ohmW  /  130 

ractliag  wu  beard  in  the  ixiamj,  mad  mnniotM  to  the  people  urfonnMion  in 
in  k  moment,  with  alftcrit^  and  aDergy  regBtdtothenataTemndepermtionBofche 
wlueh  ezlribitBd  the  i^em  and  effi-  bank."  Imtnediatd;,  the  ramB  paid  foi 
ewoe;  of  the  Damp  diMipUne,  acouts  piintingaodatatwiieiTTaiinpfduringiha 
and  spies  were  aent  oot.  It  waa  do  litsthalf of  lBSl,to9»9,97«.  Thefol- 
oonunon  campaigD  that  waa  to  opea.  lowing  loans,  about  the  eame  lime,  were. 
It  was  to  be  ^  straggle  of  a  Tnaromoih  reported  by  the  Mvemment  directors  : 
BOMred  interest,  woanded  but  not  The  NewToTklnqnirer .  .  9SS|0M 
erin™<)> fo' B^(*noc-  ItwBsastrag-  Philadelphia  I nqnirer  .  .  .  39,000 
pie  on  the  part  of  those  who  goTSrnad  United  Suies  Telegra|A  .  20,000 
W  fhr  DBine  and  foitane.  In  the  ■eear-  National  latelliseDceT  .  .  .  S0,000 
iW  of  oaJm  they  had  laid  out  a  sjstem  The  government lirecton  remonatratvd 
«t  oovntption  and  depredation  which,  — proteateA — bat  their  pretests  sad  tc- 
aooneror  later,  ihey  knew,  must  ez-  nonatraneeawereneglectedorspnmed. 
^ode,  bat  the  consummation  of  which  Ob  the  16th  of  Aagast,  1833,  a  resola- 
thej  had  expected  to  ha  delared  till  the  tion  was  ottvctA  by  one  of  the  numbsr, 
Mnention  to  which  thev  belonged  had  representing  that  the  stationery  and 
oeseended,  booty  in  hand,  tj  that  grsTO  pnntiog  charges,  in  two  years,  had 
where  the  aearch  of  e<mimitt«ea  of  in-  reached  eighty  thoueand  dollara,  and 
veatigation  woqM  be  baffled.  They  asking  that  the  cashier  be  ioatraetsd  to 
fall  thai  their  good  name,  aa  well  as  lay  on  the  table  the  Touchers  on  which 
the  life  of  the  Bank,  rested  on  the  re-  die  looaej  was  paid,  which  had  searce- 
enll.  Arouse,  then,  horse  and  foot  I  ly  been  read,  when  the  Ibilowing  sub- 
One  day  the  Bank  awoke  to  the  dan-  atitute  was  proposed,  which  waa  im- 
gei,  and  the  oext  day  its  operations  mediately  adopMd  :  "Resolved,  that 
were  discoverable,  in  the  last  six  the  boaid  have  ooafidence  in  the  wi^ 
months  of  IS99,  the  sum  paid  for  aia-  dom  and  integrity  of  the  president,  aad 
ttoneryandprialingamoantedto  $3,765.  in  the  propriety  of  the  reaatotioaa  of 
In  the  first  six  momhs  of  1S30,  the  ac-  die  30th  of  November  and  11th  of 
oooDt  awclled  to  $7,131 ;  and  in  the  March,  1831,  and  entertain  a  full  oon- 
laat  six  montha  to  96,9d0.  At  the  viction  of  the  neeesaily  of  a  renewed 
same  time  97,000  were  paid  for  print-  atlention  to  the  object  of  those  resola- 
iog  and  distribotiDg  Mr.  McDuffie'e  tione;  and  thatthepreaideotbe  HiLhor~ 
teport,  and  Mr.  Gallatin's  pamphlet.  utA  and  requeated  to  continue  hie  ex- 
On  the  30th  of  November,  1830,  il  ap-  ertions,  for  the  promotion  of  that  ob- 
r«an  by  the  bank  minutes,  that  "  the  ject."  To  what  extent  the  trust  tfaua 
President  sobmitted  to  the  board  a  copy  imposed  was  executed,  the  books  of  the 
of  an  article  on  banka  and  currency,  bank  do  not  show,  for  in  such  transao- 
Jdst  poblisbed  in  the  Anteriean  Quar-  tiona  the  bank  kept  no  books.  Loose 
lerty  Revi«w,  of  this  city,  containing  a  scraps  of  paper,  scribbled  over  vrith 
favorable  notice  of  this  institution,  and  sums  of  immense  extent,  and  footed 
suggested  the  expediency  of  making  with  the  initialaofarane  of  the  officers, 
the  views  of  the  author  more  exten-  extricated  by  a  future  adm.inistration 
sively  known  to  the  public,  than  they  from  a  mass  of  rubtuah  with  which  the 
ean  be  by  the  subscription  list, — where-  chinks  and  ersonies  of  the  desks  were 
npon  it  was,  on  motion,  Resolved,  that  filled,  are  now  the  only  memorials  <rf  a 
tha  President  be  authoriied  to  take  course  of  expenditure  which  corrupted 
sneh  measures,  in  regard  to  the  circu-  the  press,  bought  over  everything  in 
latioD  of  the  contents  of  the  said  article  politics  which  could  be  bought,  and 
either  in  whole  or  in  part,  as  he  may  finally  prostrated  the  Bank. 
deem  most  for  the  InterAata  of  the  It  iBnnneceasary  here  togobaekand 
Bank."  On  the  11th  of  March,  1631,  review  the  great  contest  which  ended, 
immediately  after  the  adjournmenl  of  at  lost,  with  the  bank's  diacomliture. 
Coi^ress,  a  similar  suggestion  appears  It  was  a  battle,  without  doubt,  moat 
from  the  minutes  of.  the  board  to  have  petseveringly  fought ;  and  had  it  not 
been  made  by  tbe  pT«aideDt,and  thereup-  been  for  ibe  energy  and  wisdom  of  that 
oatheboard,fiDdingitadTisabletodolhe  great  man  iriiose  sun  is  now  setting 
whole  work  at  a  jump,  "  Resolved,  tiiat  behind  the  western  mountains,  the  oh 
tbe  president  is  hereby  authorised  to  forts  of  the  bank  would  have  proved 
cause  to  be  prepared  and  circulated,  sooeessfnl.  Driven, however,  from  the,-.  . 
mmA  documents  and  papers  aa  may  oo»-  field  of  national  polUies,  it  toi^  re(iife\_,QQ  13  |q 


Om  National  BanJt—^haU  ice  tiy»MllMrf  [Am$, 


M  a  Um  reaart,  ip  tha  mrrow  eDcIosnn  a»d  rse«i*e  the  bill  iritk  ol 

Bi^«d  out  b;  the  bonndaHe*  of  Penn-  aoftij    *od    noMeloMlT  U>    hawij    it  ; 

■jItMiui.    Suddanly,  without  note  or  Uirouah  into  the  0»<mnet'a  hp,  «u  a-  | 

pcmntioD,  wiUkoat  the  naaal  deo«itt  thing  oj  which  the  peo^e  were  ^Miek- 

l^imiHTies  of  eTsn  lietiUoaa  meet-  ed  rad  dumb-foonM.    It  ia  not  fn  n»  . 

]us  and  afaam  petitiona,  a  bill  la  gi*e  to  isterrogal*  tlie  eoneeimeea,  and  t» 

a  State  obartei  to  the  National  Bank,  aean  the  motirea  of  thoae  who  left  th* 

waa  Melted  on  to  an  oranibua  bill,  diiTQD  repablican  pertf  on  Ibal   mamnmhfe 

thrangh  the  Honae,  and  liAed  over  the  oeoaaioa.    A  putioaof  the  aecret  hi*- 

SeaatA.    Hie  nnnater  wh  awallowed,  lory  of  the  aeMkn  wh  adTnted  to- 

BOt  by  the  nanal  proeeaa  of  degluli-  some  jeata  aflor  by  a  oommittM  of  lb« 

IjoD — not  by  breaking  ita  beoea  and  State  Hoaae   of  ReyiMcntatite^  at 

aaftening  ita  excreacencea — bnt  by  one  wboae  head  waa  a  diatiofniahed  feit' 

gigantic  gnlpj  and  when  the  tank  waa  tieman,  who,  ifaongk  then  conneeled 

over,  and  when  the  State  aat  down  lo  by  aaaooiatioa  with  tha  whig  party,  w>»  I 

digeatitamealiit  wouIdfaaTebeenhaid  one  of  the  boMeat  asd  noat  oMMnpr^  I 

fer  an  obaerrer  to  deoide  which  of  the  mialog  in  hia  efforta  to  aignally  pnniw*  i 

two  waatoratajn  and  imMirt  its  indi-  the  actor*  in  the  guilty  lOeMB  bf  wbMt 

Tidnality  to  the  other.      The  people  the  Hatiiabnig  opemtiona  of  the  haak  ' 

Blood  by  amaaed.    LitUe  better  waa  were  diatingniabM.    In  a  rraort  flbdo- 

M^eetad  from  the  House  of  Repreaen-  in  1S49,  ratbeohargeabToogfatagaiBal 

taliToa,  whiek  had  alidden  into  power  the  praviona  legialaino  of  eonnpt  an- 

throngb  the  oleft  qwned  at  Uie  pieeed-  tioo  on  the  Taaumption  reeolHliODa,  tha 

ing  eleetioD  in  tha  noka  of  the  major-  eoountttee  aaya  :■  . 

in  by  the  nohiam  between  Wolf  and       „,  .        ,i  ^  ,  . 

UidJeDberB;bntfortheS«>ata,nlarKe  _  '  J*  '/^  "  ^'  "-charter  of  the 

•»i,«i-  «?  -^i,,-^  »_»  ...»ul.»j  ,^  Bank  of  U.  8.,  some  evideiice,  howeTer, 

r^^,  L"'^S?™     J^Si.™  '"  iocidenUIlV  brought  befori  the  Mm^ 

be  atnrdy  repubhoana^  Mme  of  wbon.  „iit«  from  which  it  wonld  .orcdy  seem 

had    oven    diatiDgniriied    thoDisalies  ^  ^^  donbted,  that  the  aame  meani  were 

by  nuBi^  nnoMoaaary  tonmamenta  rttempled.  if  oot  .ctnalli  emplojed,  at 

BgHoM  the  Btomter  aAer  it  waa  fairly  th„  ^mt,  as  dnrint  the  Kulon^or  18W. 

cntahed— for  the  Senato,  pledgad  aa  it  The  permanent  expenae  accoont  of  that 

waa,  nwoBoled  aa  it  waa  by  every  tie  imk,  bebre  rclbrrtd  to,  ibowi  tha  BO^ 

of  honor  and  decency — tobow  ita  knee*,  lowing  entrin : 

I83S.  Hay  5  Receipt  of  N.  Biddle,  Pieaident tUQfiliQO 

"         "     7        "        "            «             ■'         fi,OO0O» 

"          "  IS  Tonchec  for  iDcideotal  eipeniea  at  HarriabDTg IJIIOO 

"         "23  Receipt  of  N.  Biddle 8,697  60 

"         "   "   J.  B.  \r.  (a  member  of  the  legitUlore),  for  profenional 

serriee* 10,000  M 

"         "   "   J.  M 10,000  00 

"         «  29  N.  BIddle 10,000  00 

«    Jene  13   "        « 6,000  00 

-       »    M  M.  Wilaon,  It  Co.,  HarriabnrK,  fbr  eipentei 3,4(6  BO 

«       «    10  S.  Biddle 6,000  00 

CT0,OIUOO 

"How  many  more  of  the  items  of  the  entry  on  the  book*.    Beth  of  the  agent* 

aameieeonot  entered  at  of  ■  tnbteqneut  who  appear  lobave  been  employed  on  tluB 

datercrerbaektothe  traoMctioniaqnes-  occaiioo  are  now  deceased, and  to hava 

tlon,  the  committee    cannot  determine,  proeecded  further  In  tnch  an  infMtig»> 

Theyealt  ■tlention,  however  to  the  eri-  tion,  wilhoatbaving  the  timeloprofecate  ' 

dence  of  lonathan  PalterioD,  one  of  the  it  to  its  fall  extent,  did  n  '     ' 

tdlmof  thebani:,  who  proTM  the  use  of  proper  nodcr  the  ci  " 
tte  «am  of  (400,000  by  the  offieer«,  at  or 

rtont  the  vary  period  of  the  re-charter ;         Snch  ie  what  lbs  bank  #d  for  tbs 

tka  withdrawal  of  which  from  the  bank  political  parity  of  the  country.    It  in  B 

WM  attanpted  ta  be  conceded  by  a  AUe  and  thing  fbr  an  Ameriean  M  see  how 


*  JoubbI  Pa.  Honae  BcprtcenUli*ca.    1840.    App.  lUt., 


,11. :, I- Google 


1044.1                   ^*  National  Battk~~»haB  tM  try  anothtr  f  141 

potentlj  did  the  spell  work,  but  Btill  eommercitl  BtabilityiSDdforoiirpaliti- 
aBdder  ia  it  for  0T07  PemwyWaniBii  eal  iateeritf .  Let  Dottbereralt  ofthe 
to  look  back  npoBtbe&sud,  the  intrigue,  inquiry  be  paaaed  by  unheeded.  It  mtj 
and  the  dbhonor,  whioh  haa  thna  bean  be  thooght  alight  thing  that  the  old  and 
biooght  apoo  tbe  State  to  irbicb  be  be-  rigarous  maxims  with  which  we  began 
longa.  He  cannot  tun  his  eye  back  oat  national  career,  ahoold  ^ire  plaoa 
ten  yesTB  oo  tbe  legielatiTe  JDunah,  to  othera  more  accommodating.  Om 
without  seeing  every  Totume  polluted  of  the  woral  sigaa  at  the  limes  ia  the 
with  tbe  eridence  of  the  energy  with  ealloueaess  with  which  the  reproach  of 
which  the  poiaoD  worked.  There  wm  dishonesty  is  boine,  and  tbe  slighlaeM 
-the  charter,  ohtained  by  what  means  m  with  which  tbe  aTenoes  of  teinptatioB 
«hown  by  the  auddenteTgiTeraatiDDB  of  are  goarded.  But  be  assared,  that 
politieisBB,  and  the  extraordinary  dia-  twbita  of  bnaiaeaa  luoaenca*,  of  leok' 
faanemenUoflhe  buik.  And  lheii,aa  less  speculation,  of  privaM  luxury,  if 
ft  fit  consummation,  came  the  goTern-  onoe  they  sat  into  the  republie,  will 
<ai'8  deetion  of  iaS7-8,  with  its  scenaa  Jiriug  it  to  tbe  doat.  Already  the  mod 
of  Tidence  and  of  fraud.  There  ate  name  of  three  State*  has  been  loiled ; 
to  be  foaod  repetle  of  l^i^Ktive  oooi-  bat  still  there  is  time  to  atop  the  plague 
mittees,  exhibiting  the  fact,  thu  at  from  going  further.  If  wewoaMehedk 
election  after  election,  large  aoms  of  its  progress,  we  mnat  sit  down  graTely 
nxHiey  were  aquandered  at  the  poUs  and  earnestly  to  the  work,  determined 
from  Murces  tniieh  no  one  eoula  dia-  that  if  necessarv  we  will  cut  off  oik 
«0VBr ;  and  there  alao  ia  tho  truth  right  band,  or  pluck  out  oor  right  eye. 
Mrongly  itluatrated,  that  when  the  Call  back  the  good  old  watch-worda  of 
motu  principle  once  biealu  down  be-  former  times,  the  days  of  our  iiountry'a 
fore  an  asaault  flora  one  quarter,  it  childhood,  when  our  muscles  weoe 
readily  yields  to  temptation  from  an-  hardening,  and  out  atreogth  settling, 
«ther.  The  men  who  received  moDer  and  our  shape  moalding,  and  aak  tJie 
for  their  individual  votes,  did  not  heai-  wise  and  brave  men  of  those  better 
tate  forcibly  to  tvaz  open  the  ballot  box,  days,  how  it  waa  they  lived,  attd  how 
or  ftandulently  to  stuff  il  with  false  It  was  they  conquered.      They  will 


o  be  aaid  that  if  another    point  to  tbeit  aimple  homea,  to  their 

rtared  itmight  steer  clear    frugal  habils,  to   their  severe  morals 

of  the  political  errors  which  made  the    to  the  cold,  cushiouless  chnrches  ii 


]ast  so  fatal  1    The  last  bank  did  what  which  they  worshipped  God, and  tbei 

jta  Ttataie  prompted  it  to  do,  it  made  ornamented  brick  eourt-bousea  whete 

uae  ofthe  machinery  it  possessed  for  the  early  committees  met,  and  from 

the  accompliehment  of  its  end*,  and  it  whence  the  revolution  was  guided,  and 

made  uae  of  it  witboot  stint.    Wilt  not  then  they  will  point  us  to  Bunker  Hill, 

XDOther  bank,  when  it  considers  itself  to  Princeton  and  to  Yorktown.    Lft 

attacked — and  into  an  attack  will  be  us  bring  home  tbe  moral  they  teaoh. 

tortured  every  metle  in  the  political  To  revenge  no  party  grief,  to  eeonps 

atmoephere — make  liberal  use  of  those  no  public  spoils  do  we  go  out  to  the 

weftponaof  wUeh  its  armory  isao  fall'  straggle.     Arise,  then,  man  and  breth- 

Is  bonati  nature  so  strong  that  it  can  ren,  and  for  tbe  sake  of  out  own  young 

be    expected,  when   the  time   draws  and  dear  country,  dishonored  as  it  has 

■Igh,  for  it  to  surrender  poasesajon  of  been  by  those  it  nursed  on  the  &tnesa 

jta  gains  and  its  power  without  a  atnig-  of  its  bosom^ — for  the  sake  of  that  past 

gle  1     Will  not  an  expiring  bank  clutch  history,  which,  lose  whatever  else  we 

at  any  ioslmnicnl  that  might  promise  may,  wilt  still  be  ours,  but  which  will 

to  procure  for  it  an  extension  of  its  ex-  deepen  our  shame,  should  we  be  deaf 

istonce  T     Will  not  an  existing  bank  to  its  teaching — for  the  sake  of  those 

adopt  any  means  which  wilt  bid  fair  to  about  us,  and  those  to  come  after  ua, 

<^tain  far  it  an  extension  of  its  privi-  arise,  and  let  us  gird  ourselTea  and  be 

leges?    if  another  bank  lie  chartered,  ready.     The  issue  is,  bank  or  do  bank, 

tbe  same  perils  will  be  ensouolsred  »a  honesty  or  disbooeaty,  stability  or  in- 

came  near  raining  the  eounby  under  stability,  eomptioo  or  inlegnty.    It  ia 

tbe  auspices  of  tbe  last.  wiibauehan  issuetbitweean  triai^ 

The  objest  of  the  preoAdiog  pages  with  a  good  lUth  and  etear  eonaeienoe, 

has  been  to  point  oat  what  the  bank  or  if  it  needs  be,  can  patiently  and 

Jtid  for  OUT  buaiqeM  mormUty,  for  our  bravely  suffer. 


Googljz 


J  Drmia  efBtiU. 
A  DRAMA  OF  EXILE. 


I 


LrciFti  niu  Ti  ut  cird*.  Wiih  his  calm,  nutsf iie  face  loned  fnll 

£«t{/tr.  Who  Ulki  bere  of  ■  mmple-  od  Ibinc, 

menl  of  grief  T  And  his  msnc  Usteaing.    Wben  tbe  cad- 

OreipitiioD  vixonghl  by  Ion  and  Tall  1  ed  cane 

Of  haiembdnableio  piiyT    En  1  Led  silence  in  tbe  world, — right  fad denlf 

Take  coDDiel   from    tb;  eoanKllor  the  He  ipracg  up  rampant,  and  ilooditfaigJit 

make,  and  etil^ 

And  boast  nu  more  in  grief,  nor  hope  from  Ai  if  the  new  realit]'  of  detUi 

pain.  Were  daihed  againM  hit  eyei, — and  raar- 

Mj  docile  Kve !    I  teach  you  to  despond,  ed  to  fierce 

Who    tanght   yoD    diMbediiasce.     Look  (Such  thick  auniTOTotii  paniM  in  hia 

anniad ) —  throat                                                                     | 

Earih-apiritt  and  phanlumi   beu  joa  Tcatiag  a  pattage  ihrongh  the  wratti  aid 

talk,  munored,  fear) —                                                                   | 

At  if  ^e  vere  red  clay  again,  and  talked  I  And  Toared  m  nild,  and  uootc  Iron  all                      | 

What  are  your  woidi  t«  tbeu  1  ronr  gricA  the  bills 

to  them  I  Such  fiBt,  keen  echoe«  cnuabUng  dowB 

Tour  deatha,  indeed,  to  Ihem  I    Did  tbe  the  vales                                                                i 

band  pBOK  To  distaol  silence— (hat  the  forest  beasts^ 

For  Ihtir  lake,  in  the  plneking  trf'  the  One  aner  one,  did  matter  a  reipooM 

fmit,  In  savage  and  in  sorrowlU  comiriaiBl 

That  ther  atioald  pause  for  jna,  in  baling  Which  trailed  along  the  gorges.    Tbea, 

Ton  t  at  ouce. 

Or  vill  ronr  giief  or  death,  as  did  joar  He  fell  back,  and  loUed  eiaahiag  fram  the 

sin,  height. 

Bring  ebaoge  upon  their  final  doom?  B«-  Hid  b|  the  daik-orbed  pfnei. 

bold,  Mam,                It  migbt  bave  been. 

Tonrgrief  iibnt  7oar  MD  in  therebcnind,  I  heaid  the  cnrseakne. 

AmleaDooteiidate  fbr  iu  Earth  Spitit:              Iwail,I«aill 

Mam.                       It  is  true.  Luei/tr.    TbmX  lion  is  tbe  type  of  wbal 

iMttftr.  At,  it  is  ttae.   Tbe  eJar-king  I  am  t 

tetlifiia  And  at  he  Hied  thee  vitb  bit  foil-faced 

Totbesnake'tcaanael — heat  himt— very  hate, 

tne.  And    roaied,   0    Adam — eomprebending 

Emrik  Spirit:    I  wati,  I  wsil  I  doom ; 

iMdfir.            And  certea.  Out  is  trne.  So,  fming  on  the  face  oTtbe  Unseen, 

Ye  waii,  yc  all  wait.    Pemdventnre  I  I  cry  out  bert^  between  the  Heavens  and 

CovU  wait  among  yon.    O  thoa  nniverae,  earth, 

That  holdett  sin  and  wo— more  room  for  My  eonsoience  of  Ois  sin,  thit  wo,  Ibit 

wall)  wrath, 

tfosl  itarry  niet.  Ai,  ai,  Heoapbo-  Which  damn  m 

roir  EartkSpirili 

EmtOi  apiriU.                 I  wail,  I  wail  1  Eve.    I  wail— O  Cod 

Mam.    Maik  Lneifer,    He  ebaoges  JLuctftr.           I  tcorn  you  that  ye  wail, 

awAiUy.  Who  ate  your  petty  grieA  for  pedestals 

Em.    It  leenu  as  he  looked  from  grief  To  stand  on,  beckoning  pity  fh>D  wilhonl, 

to  Ood,  And  deal  in  palhos  of  antithesis 

And  could  not  sec  Him; — wretched  Lu-  Of  what  ye  ven  forsooth,  and  what  ye 

cifer  I  are  ;- 

.Mam.    How  he  itandt— yet  an  angel  I  I  tcora  you  like  an  angel  I  Yet  one  cry, 

Ettrlh  Spirit*.                   I  wail — wall  I  I,  too,  would  drive  up,  tike  acoloma  erect, 

Imc^.  {4fttr  a  foast.)  DosI  tboa  re-  Marble    to   marble,  from    my  heart    to 

member,  Adam,  when  the  cnne  Heaven, 

Took  ni  in  Edca  T    On  a  moantain-peak  A  monameat  of  angntth,  to  (raavi*rM 

BalT-abeatbed  in  primal  woods,  and  glil-  Aad  overtc^  yoni  vapory  camplalati 

tering  Expressed  from  fccUe  woes  I 

Ib  spaMH  of  awfnl  nnriiiBe,  at  tint  hoar  Etrth  Spiritt.              Iwail,IWBil< 

A  lion  coached,— part  taind  npon  hit  iMtifir.  for,0;cHe«tcBt,7e  aMay 


Google 


18M.I  A  DntiM  of  ExiU.  ]«3 

TbU  1,  itrack  ost  rrom  iMtoK  in  ■  blot,  I  wouU  not  urtM  cut  irm  tboit  ia  Late— 

The  ootCMl,  Bud  Uie  miUcw  of  Ibingi  Far  be  il  ftwn  dm  I  hue  «d  ■•  r«  can  I 

good,  I  brealbe  lato  yoar  facet,  ipiriti  of  euth. 

The  leper  of  angels,  the  excepted  dust  A*  wiolrr  blast  najr  bfcalbe  ou  wiatrr 
Under  the  eooiiDOo  rain  of  dailf  giRs, —  leaves, 

I  the  inalce,  I  tbe  tempter,  I  Ibe  curved, —  And,  lilling  up  tbeir  browBDCM,  ibow  be- 
To  whom  the  hishett  aatt  the  lowest  alike  neaih 

Stf,  Go  from  as — ire  hale  no  need  of  Tbe  bcanchei  very  bare.    Beieech  }ini, 

tbee, —  give 

Was  made  by  Ood  like  others.    Good  and  To  Ere,  vbo  beggarl]'  enlraat*  yoor  Ion 

fair  For  her  and  Adam  wbea  they  ihall  be 
He  did  create  me  t — a^  Him,  if  not  fair ; 
Alk,  if  I  eaoght  not  lair  aod  tilrerly 
His  blessing  for  chief  angels,  on  my  head. 
Until  it  grew  there,  a  crown  crystallised  I  trow, 

Alk,  if  He  ne<er  called  me  by  my  name,  ForjnHica'  salie,  gave  theirs. 
Xsct^r — kindly  said  as  "  Gabriel" —  1  curse  yoa  boU>, 

Xw^tr— soft  as"  Michael!"  while  serene  Adam  and  Ere  <.   Say  pace  as  after  mea^ 

I,  Blaoding  in  the  glory  of  the  limpe,  After  my  curse*.    May  your  tear*  fall  hot 

Answered    "  mj    Father,"    ionoeeot    of  On  all  the  biasing  scams  o'  the  ereuoiet 

shame  bwe, — 

And  oT  the  sense  of  thnnder.    HaT    je  Asd  I'M  rejoice.    iBcreaw  and  tonll^, 

think.  Ye  and  your  generations,  in  all  plagoes, 

White  angel*  in  yonr  niches, — I  repent, —  Cormptions,  uelaneholiei,  pOTcrtiei, 

And  would  tread  down  my  own  offences.  And  bideoai  forms  of  life  and  fears  of 

back  death ; 

To  terrice  at  tbe  footstool  T    Thal'inaA  Tbe  thought  of  death  being  elwayetBintnt 

wrong :  Imnkof  cable  and  drsadfal  in  your  lift, 
I  cry  ai  the  beast  did,  tbat  I  may  cry —  And  deafly  aad  dumbly  iasigaiGcasI 
"                     '.appealing!  Fallen  *o  deep  Of  any  hope  beyond, — ai  death  ilaelf, — 
Whichever  of  yoa  lietb  de*d  the  £rit,— 


Against  the  sides  of  this  prodigious  pit, 
I  cry — ery — dashing  oat  the  bands  of  wail. 


«  the  sarf  iror — yet  rcjotee  I 

On  each  aide,  to  meet  aogvish  everywltere.  My  curse  catch  at  you  strongly,  body  aw) 

And  to  Utest  it  in  the  ecstasy  soni. 

And  exaltation  of  a  wo  sustained  And  Hz  find    no    redeinpti*a — nor  the 

Becaosc  provoked  and  chosen.  wing 

Pais  along  Of  teraph  move  you  way — and  yet  re- 

Yoar    wPdernesi,  vain    mortals  I    Puny  joice '. 

griefs,                                          [ed  Rejoiee, — bccaase  ye  bare  not  act  In  yoa 

In  transitory  shapes,  be  hencefoith  dwarf.  This  hale  vbieb  shall  porsne  yon — this 

To  your  own  conscieaee,  by  the  dread  ex-  fire-hate 

tremes  Which  glares  without,  beeauM  it  bnms 

Ofwhat  I  am  and  have  been.    If  ye  have  within — 

fallen,  Which  kills  fron  asbea— this  potealial 

It   ia  a  step's  fall, — the  whole  ground  bate, 

beneath  Wherein  I,  angel,  in  antagotusm 

Strewn  woolly  soft  with  promise;   if  ye  To  God  and  His  reflex  beatitudes, 

bave  sinned.  Moan  ever  in  the  central  aniverse, 

YoOT  prayers  tread  high  u  angels !  if  ye  With  the  great   wo  of  striviag  against 

have  grieved.  Love — 

Ye  are  too  mortal  to  be  pitiable.  And  gasp  for  space  amid  the  lafiaile — 

Aad   power  to  die    disproTeth  right  lo  And  Iom  for  rest  amkl  the  Desertne*s— 

grieve.  Self-orphaned  hy  my  will,  and  self-elect 

(>o  to!  ye  call  this  ruin.    I  half  scorn  To  kingship  of  resistant  agony 

The  ill  1  did  you  1    Were  ye  wronged  by  Toward   the  Good    arouod    me—hating 

me,  good  and  love. 

Hated  and  tempted,  and  undone  of  me, —  And  wUIinglohalegood  and  to  hate  love. 

Still,  what's  yonr  hurt  to  mine,  of  doing  And  wllliag  to  will  on  m  evermore, 

hurt.  Scorning  the  Past,  and  damning  the  To 

Of  hating,  tempting,  and  so  mining  1  Dome — 

Thia  swoid'*  kUI  is  the  sharpest,  and  eats  9o  "ik^  rejoice  I  I  curse  yoa  1 

through  [Lvcifvi  vaawAo. 

Tke  band  that  w'.elds  it.  EarlK  Spiritt. 

Qo — I  cnrse  yoo  aO.  Aod  we  scorn  yon  I  there  '«  no  pwdM 

Hat«  one  auother— feebly— ««  y«  can ;  Which  can  lean  to  yon  aright  t 


Google 


144 

When  yoor  bodiei  take  tbe  Kneidon 

or  Ike  deaUi-cone  in  MI  light, 

TbCB  (he  bee  that  htuameth  lowatt  *lmi 

inmcaad  yoa. 

Then  jt  shftll  not  more  as  tjttii 

Though  tha  Han  iaak  down  ;«• 

And  tbe  earth,  wliidi  jt  deftled. 
She  ihall  ihow  jau  to  the  skiet, — 
"Lol  IheM  kingi  df  our— who  aosgi 

lo  coBpreEead  yoa." 
Firtt  SpiTit. 
And  the  element*  tbalt  boUlr 

AU  yonr  dast  to  dott  eonitraiD  < 
Unreiisledly  and  caidlj, 
I  will  amile  fan  with  mr  rain  I 
From  the  tl«w««t  of  mf  froiu  it  no  c« 

cedJa«. 
fytimd  Spirit. 
A»d  mr  littl*  wonn,  appoiated 

To  aatDiiie  a  roral  part. 
Be  thai]  rdgo,  crowa«d  and  anointod, 
O'er  tha  noUe  bamaB  heart  I 
Oire  kim  caoBtri  agaiait  toting  of  tlMt 
Eden  I 

DoreveoransT   Back  yoniMoni 
Toward  yvar  &eM  gnt  and  lorp, 
Aa  tlM  wikd  drivca  badt  Itie  rain, 
Tku  I  drire  wMk  paasioii-rtiiflgi 
I  who  Btand  beneatk  God'a  ann, 
Haite  like  Goi,  and,  tluragh  oaHoae, 
Hot  nnnade  for  lore  and  life. 
Lo  I  re  nltar  wordi  ia  Tain  1 
Bf  tar  free  will  that  ehoae  ain. 
By  mine  agony  within 
Sound  the  passage  of  the  &rei 
By  the  pioings  which  disdoae 
Ti»at  my  native  aool  ii  higher 
Than  what  it  ckoae,— 
We  an  yet  (00  high,  0  tpatt,  ft>r  your 


Nay,  bdo«<ed  I    If  tkeae  be  b«. 
We  eunfront  them  with  nokeight; 
We  Mooped  down  to  their  Inral 
In  irorking  (ham  (hat  evil  t 
And  thtir  aconi  (bat  meet*  onr  Mow, 

Seathei  aright. 
Amen-    Lei  it  be  to. 
EamSpiril: 
We  ehall  trinuph— triomph  greatly. 
When  ye  lie  beneath  the  award  t 
There  my  lily  aball  grow  ttately, 
Thoatb  ye  annrn  not  a  went— 
Aad  her  tVagrance  ahall  b«  MornlU  of 
year  dOenee  I 
While  yonr  throne  aaoendiaf  calmly. 

We,  la  hurdom  of  yonr  lonl, 
Flaah  the  riter,  tilt  the  palm  tree, 
The  ditatMl  ooeaa  roU 
With  the  (hoBghta  that  throbbed  within 
yoB — roBftd  the  idaada. 


A  Drama  of  Emit*. 


[A»ff. 


With  the  graadaar  ofyvor  apirit, 
Bhall  oar  broad  laTannaka  Sit- 
in  onr  wind*,  yoar  exnllalloM  thell  be 
•pringing. 
Et^  your  parhnee  irtieh  iareiglM, 


Heart*  poetic  in  oar  eaglet, 
StuUl  beat  ap  agninM  the  ibb. 
And  poor  downward,  in  aitinilate  dear 
•iagiag. 

Tour  bold  ipeeches,  our  Behemoth, 

With  hiK  ihonderoas  jaw,  Btiall  wield  I 

Yonr  high  fanciei  ihsll  onr  Mammoth 

Breathe  tnblimelr  np  the  shield 

or  St.  Michael,   at  GoJ'i    thtone, 

waits  to  speed  him; 

Till  the  heavens'  imooth-groaTed  thon- 


whn  I 


der 


Bpinoing  bade,  shall  leave  ihem  dear; 
And  the  angels,  smiling  wonder, 
With   dropt   lodes  from  iphera  to 
sphere, 
Shall  cry,  "  Ho,  ye  beirs  of  Adam  I  ye  ex- 
ceed him !"  , 
.idam.    Soot  ont  thine  eyes,  aweed 
ttom  thedreaiT  grannd. 
Beloved,  we  may  be  overcome  hj  God, 
Bat  not  by  Aoc. 
Evt.            By  Oad,  perhapa,  in  Acm. 
Jdam.  I  think  not  so.    Had  God  fore- 
doomed despair. 
He  had  not  spoken  hope.   He  may  destroy, 
Certea,  liut  not  deceive. 

£(«.  Behold  this  rose  ( 

I  plncked  it  in  onr  bower  of  Paradise 
This  morning  ai  I  went  forth  i  and  my 

heart 
Hath  beat  against  its  petals  all  the  day. 
I  (bODxhl  it  wonid  be  always  red  and  AH, 
As  when  I  plncked  it— A  it  T— ye  may 

seel 
I  cast  it  down  to  yon  thai  ye  may  see. 
All  of  yon  1— count  the  petals  IomI  oTil— 
And  note  the  colorv  fainted !  ye  may  see : 
And  I  am  as  it  is  who  yeiterday 
Grew  In  tbe  same  place.     O  ye  spirita  of 

earth! 
I  almoat,  fVom  my  miserable  heart, 
Conld  here  npbraid  you  for  yoar  cruel 

heart. 
Which  will  not  let  me,  down  the  akp*  of 

death, 
Draw  any  of  yonr  pity  after  me. 
Or  lie  stilt  in  the  quiet  of  your  looks, 
Aa  my  flower,  there,  In  mine. 


Jl  Utt  KhU,  tmlilaati  witl  itMrntlit  famw 
«*<«(.  »(M  armW  lit  ttrUk-^aUtt ;  iiijai' 
iMgtlutirtltwUiUtfmaut,a*i»mwiilbiui 
^nttUitmt,  larrim  (Si  jl»«- <mv  «M  d. 
Sn^Uti^nttrfmt.    Asia  fUaib  ncS. 

Mant.  So,  verily. 

The  last  depart*.  -^  , 

Em.  SoHoDoty  follow!  Hoi^QQn  I Q 


AnA  Life  both.    Lore  nid  to  m^  «  Da 


And  I  replied,  "  0  Lore,  I  win  not  die. 
I  esOsd  and  I  will  not  orpbaa  Love." 
Bat  nov  it  it  no  choice  oT  anoe  to  die— 
My  heart  thniba  Troai  me. 

Jiam.  C«n  it  ittainlitwar  ba<^ 

Itealli^  ceoMBimBtlan  erowM  con^eted 

life. 
Or  ccfam  too  oadf.    Hope  btiaf  aet  on 


Let  th7  tool  (hake  iti  Imtm^ 
To  feel  ihe  mystic  viad— Hark  I 

£m.  I  heti  life, 

fc/ant  roii:*!  paiiing  in  Iht  inad. 
O  we  live,  O  we  live— 
And  tbii  iiCe  that  we  receive, 
Ii  n  wum  thing  and  a  oew, 
'Which  we  BorUjr  bud  into, 

From  the  heart  and  from  the  brain, 

Sotnethiag  strange,  that  overmuch  ii 

Of  the  sooad  and  of  the  sight, 
Flowing  roand  in  trickling  toaehet, 
. ^  j^  delight,— 


Yetii 


[aUin 


ukKSj, 
Lett  it  be  an  in  vaIo. 
yonAM  voicet  patting. 
Owelive,  OweTiTe— 
And  thii  liTe  that  we  achier«. 
Is  a  load  thing  anil  a  bold. 
Which,  with  pa  lies  maaiTDld, 
Strikes  the  heart  oat  full  and  faia-— 
AcliTE  doer,  noble  liver, 
Strong  to  straggle,  inrt  to  eaD- 

Thoagh  the  ressePg  prow  wiS  qiuTer 

At  the  lining  of  the  anchor : 
Tet  do  we  atrive  in  vain  I 
lafiimt  volcu  iNMring. 

Rock  us  softly. 
Left  it  be  all  in  vain. 
PMtvoieupauiag. 

O  we  live,  0  we  live— 
And  this  life  that  we  conceive. 
Is  •  clear  thing  and  a  fair. 
Which  we  set  ia  cryital  air, 
Tbal  its  beaniy  may  be  plain  : 
With  a  breathing  and  a  flooding 

Of  the  heavenOife  on  the  whole, 
Wbile  we  hear  the  forests  bnddiiig 

To  Ihe  music  of  the  sonl — 
Tet  ii  it  tuned  in  Tain  ? 


i>|A>iW 


upmtiur 


uiv. 

Rack  tti  soAly, 
IiOft  it  be  an  in  vain. 
FUlotopltic  vMcu  pfuHag. 
O  we  live,  0  we  live — 
And  thb  lift  that  we  ptreeire, 

vol..  XT. — HO.   LXSIT. 


fc  a  strong  thing  and  a  grave, 
which  for  others"  use  we  have, 
Dnty-laden  to  remain. 
Weare  helpers,  reltow-creatuTet, 
_Of  the  rijht  B^iDSt  the  wrong,— 
We  are  earnest-hearted  teachers 

Of  the  truth  which  maketh  strong— 
Tet  do  we  teach  in  vain  1 
hfaat  vcicu  pdiimg. 

Rock  as  soAlr, 
I>«st  It  he  all  in  Tain. 

O  we  live,  O  we  live— 
And  this  life  that  we  repriere,. 
Is  a  kiw  thing  and  a  light. 
Which  Uieited  out  of  Bight, 
And  made  worthy  of  disdain  I 
artte  with  bold  electric  Uaghter 

The  high  tops  of  thing!  divine— 
Tnm  thy  head,  my  brother,  after. 

Lest  thy  lean  fall  in  my  wine;— 
For  IS  all  Unghed  in  vain  I 
hrfiai  roieitfaning. 

Hock  IIS  softhr, 
I.e*t  It  be  all  in  vain. 
*B».  I  hear  a  sonad  of  life— of  lift  lik« 

Of  langhler  and  of  wailing,— of  gnve 

Of  little  plaintive  Toices  innocent, 

Oflife  in  separate  courses  flowing  out 
J-**  onr  four  rivers  to  some  outwanJ  mida. 

Mam.  And,  so,  thy  cheeks  hava 

■natefaed 
8e«riet  to  palenessf  and  Ihine  eyes  drink 

fkst  rtip. 

Of  tHoTj  fVom  fUl  cnpe;  and  thy  moist 
Be«n  tremhliog,  both  of  them,  with  ear- 
nest doabts 
Wbether  to  utter  words  or  only  smils. 
JEve  Shall  I  be  mothei  of  the  oomin* 
lifel  ^ 

Hear  the  steep  generations;  how  they  AB 
Adown  the  visionary  staiis  of  'Hme, 
Likcsnperaatiiral  thanders — far  yet  near  | 
Sowing  their  flery  echoes  Ihrongh  thebUIa. 
Am  [  a  clond  lo  these — mother  to  these  T 
EarA  SplrUt.  ^d  bringerof  thecnrse 
niwa  all  these. 

[Ent  sMn  doum  agait. 
Foil  witu  patting , 

O  we  live,  O  we  Uve — 
And  this  life  that  we  belfev^ 
la  a  noble  tbing  and  high. 
Which  we  climb  up  lofli^. 
To  view  Ood  withont  a  slain : 
Ti^  recoiling  where  the  shade  ii^ 

We  retread  onr  steps  ««BiD, 
And  descend  the  glocnny  Hades, 

To  taste  man's  niortal  pain. 
Shall  it  be  climbed  in  vain  T 
tiffani  vote4t  pOMting . 

Roek  vs  teAIf, 
Lertitbcall  invnin.  -^  ^' 

10 


I 
,  Google 


O  we  live,  O  we  lite — 
And  tbis  hie  ve  would  retiieve. 
Is  a  nulbfal  thing  xpart, 
Wbicb  we  loTe  in,  beart  to  heart, 
Unlil  one  heart  filteth  twain. 
"  Wilt  Iboa  be  one  witb  me  1" 
« I  will  be  one  wilb  thee  I" 
«  Ha,  ha ! — we  lore  >pd  li»e  I" 
Alas  I  fe  love  and  die! 
Shriek— who  shall  replj  t 
For  is  it  not  loved  in  vain  1 
h^nt  voku  pcumg. 

BockiusolU;, 
Tbough  it  be  all  in  vain. 
Old  vaUa  i>aitiitg. 

O  we  live,  O  we  live— 
And  this  life  that  we  receive. 
It  a  gloomT  thing  and  brief, 
Which,  consammated  in  grief^ 
Leaveth  aihM  for  all  gain, 
t«  it  not  all  in  vain  T 
I^f^nt  voku  patiing. 

Koek  Di  BoIUr. 
Though  it  be  all  in  vain. 

[Voicti  ditamof. 
Sarih  Spirilt.  And  bringer  of  the  cnne 

upon  all  theee. 
Ett.  The  voicei  oT  foteihown  Houmlb- 


AJJnma^Erilt. 


[A«r. 


_■'' 


Sleoffi 

JdaiR  So  let  ns  die, 

When  Qod's  w3I  wnadeth  the  right  hoot 
of  death. 

tSarUi  Spirili.  And  bringer  of  Ihecurie 


inalltl 


[M 


In  gliding  water*  nnder  lily-learea, — 
In  chirp  of  cricket*,  and  the  settling  hnih 
Abirdmalcei  in  her  ne*t,  with  feet  and 

wing*,— 
Fnlfll  T°°r  natnrea  1    Do  not  any  more 
Tannt  u  or  taock  xis — let  oe  die  alone. 
Eartk  Sptritt. 
Ji^reei;  allowed  I 
We  gather  ont  oor  names  like  a  eland. 
And  thai  Ailfil  Iheir  lightnii^B  [  Thus,  and 
(host 

Heaikeo,  O  hewken  to  u! 
Finf  Spiril. 

Aa  the  east  wind  blows  bleakly  in  the 

norland] — 
Aa  the  snow-vrind  beats  blindly  from 

thentoorland, — 
As  the  simooia  drives  wild  aeroM  the 

desert,— 
As  the  thnoder  roai«  deep  in  the  Ua- 


As  the  toirent  tears  an  ocean-world  to 

A«  Ibe  whirlpool  grinds  fathoms  befanr 
fathoma,— 

Thu^— utd  lb  as  I 


Smxid  SpirU. 
A*  the  yellow  toad,  that  spits  its  pt 

chilly,— 
A«  the  tiger,  in  the  jnngl^  e 

slillj,— 
As  the  wild  boai,  with  i^ged  tniks  aT 

anger,— 
Ai  the  w(df-dog,  with  teclh  of  gltttCMg 

clai^aur, — 
As  the  vulloret  that  tenam  agamtt  the 

thander, — 
Aa  the  owleU  that  sit  and  moaii  un^ 

der,— 

Thus,— aod  ihos  t 
Ev*.  Adam !  God  1 
■Afatn.        Ye  etnel,  cmel  DSielentiDg 

By  the  power  in  me  of  the  sovran  loal. 
Whose  Ihooghts  keep  pace  yet  with  the 

angels'  march, 
I  chaise  yoa  into  silence — trample  you 
Down  to  obedience. — I  am  king  of  yon  t 
Earth  SpiriU. 

Ha,  ha  I  Ihoo  art  king ! 

With  a  sin  for  a  erowa. 

And  a  sod]  andone  : 

ThOD,  who  aniagoaised, 

Tortnredtmd  agoDised, 

Art  held  in  the  ring 

Oftheiodiac! 

Now,  king,  beware  I 

We  are  many  and  strong. 

Whom  Ihon  standest  amoof, — 

And  we  press  on  the  air. 

And  we  ttiSe  thee  back, 

And  we  mnlliply  where 

Thou  woold*t  trample  os  dow« 

From  rights  of  our  own. 

To  an  nller  wrong — 
And,  from  under  the  feet  of  thy  seom, 
O  forlorn ! 

We  shall  spring  up  like  corn, 

And  oar  etabble  bettrong. 
^dam.  God,  there  is  power  in  Thee  I  1 

make  appeal 
Unto  Thy  kingdiip. 

Eet  There  is  pily  in  Thee, 

0,  sinned  agaioBt,  great  God  I— My  aecd, 

There  is  hope  set  on  Thee— I  cry  *> 

thee, 
Tboo  mysiic  seed  that  shall  be!— leave 

In  agony  beyond  what  we  can  bear. 
And  in  debasement  below  thunder-mark 
For  thine  arch-image)— taunted  and  per- 

pleil 
By  all  thege  creatures  we  roled  yesterday. 
Whom  Ihon,  Lord,  rulesl  alway.     0  my 

Seed, 
Throogh  the  tempestnons  years  that  rmin 

so  thick 

Belwjitmy  ghostly  vision  and  Iby  ftce. 
Let  me  have  token !  for  my  soul  is  bniMB  i 

Befcre  the  serpent's  hend.  Aj  O  O  Q  I C 


A  Drama  tfExUe.  147 

And  melaneholr  pardon,  «verj  rile 
And  lerriee  in  ^a■a,  la  this  sceptred  hand. 
Be  ye  lo  mm  ii  angelt  be  to  God, 
Serrnnts  in  pleiaore,  singers  of  delight, 
Su^esteis  lo  bii  Bonl  offaigber  Uiiog*  i 

Than  an;  of  jaar  highest.    So,  at  last. 
He  ita.'.\  look  roond  on  too,  vith  lida  tW 

.     .  straifht                                                                       | 

lift  ur  nnl  apwmrd  till  it  tonch  tbrTeet  I  To  hold  (he  snteral  tears,  »nd  Ibaolc  jm                            ] 

Or  lift  it  only, — not  to  »eem  loo  prond, —  iretl ; 

To  the  knr  bei^bt  of  some  good  angel's  And  bleu  joo.  wben  he  prara  his  secret 

Be*,—  prajers,                                                                       j 

For  nch  to  lieadoB,  when  he  walketh  And  praise  yoa  wben  he  aingi  bia  open                         i 

smighl,  songs,                                                                          I 

And  Ih}  lipa  praiM  bjm.  For  the  dear  soug-note  be  hu  learnt  ik 

CRHtT.                   Spirit*  oflhe  earth,  Ton, 

I  meet  tos  with  rebnke  for  the  reproach  Or  pnrifying  sweetness;  and  extend 

And  erne]  and  nninhigated  blame  Across  jonr  head  his  golden  fantasies, 

Ye  cut  npon  jonr  mtsien.    True,  thejr  Which  glorify  yon  into  sool  from  »«nte  I 

IntTesinasdi  Go,  serve  him  forsneh  price.    That  not 

Aad  tme,  UeJT  sin  is  reekgned  into  loss  in  vain  j 

For  yon  the  *Inle«s.     Ytx  yonr  innocence  Nor  yet  ignobly  ye  shall  scitg,  I  place 

Whieh  of  yon  prmise*  T  sinse  God  made  My  word  here  for  an  oathj  mine  oath  flv 

IlliereBt  In  your  lire*,  and  bonnd  ymir  To  be  hereafter.    In  the  name  of  which 

band*  Peifeet  redemption,  and  perpelnal  f  race, 

Wnh  initinela  and  imperiont  sanelitiet,  I  blesa  yon  throngh  the  hope  and  throogh 

From  aeU-deftieement  ?  Which  of  yon  di*-  tbepence, 

dains  Which  are  mine,^lo  the  Lore,  which  im 

Thete  sinner*,  who,  in  falling,  proved  myself, 

their  height  Svt.     Speak  on  ctDI,   Christ.    Albeit 

Above  yon,  by  their  liberty  to  fall  ?  then  bless  me  not 

And  which  of  yon  complains  of  loss  by  In  set  wonts,  I  am  blessed  in  hearkening 

them,  tbee— 

For  «ho*e  delight  and  tue  ye  have  yov  Bpeak,  Christ. 

life  Cbust.       Speak,  Adam.    Bles*  the 

And  bMor  in  creation  t  Ponder  it  I  waman,  man— 

This  regent  and  snhlime  Homanity,  It  i*  thine  office, 

noogh  thllen,  exeeeda  yon  f  tbu  shall  Jiam.                 Mother  of  thr  worM, 

film  yonr  snn,~  Take  heart  before  this  Presence.    Rise, 

Shall   hnnt  yonr  lightning   lo  it*  laii  of  aspire 

cloud, —  Unto  (he  calms  and  magnanimitie*, 

Torn  bac^  yiMr  rivtrs,  footpath  all  yonr  Tbe  lolly  n»es,  and  the  noble  ends, 

seaa.  The  sanclijied  devotion  and  full  work. 

Lay  Sat  yonr  forests,  master  with  a  look  To  which  thou  art  elect  for  evermore, 

Yoar  lion  at  his  fasiiog,  and  fetch  down  First  woman,  wife,  and  mother. 

Tooie^le  lying.    Nay,  without  this  rale  Ect.                        And  first  in  sin. 

Of  Dandom,  ye  wonld  perish, — beosi  by  Jdam.  And  also  the  sole  bearer  of  (he 

beau  3eed 

Devaluing ;  tree  by  tree,  with  strangling  Wberehy  sin  dieth !  Baiae  (he  majestic* 

roots  Of  ihj  disconsolBlebron's,  0  well-beloved, 

And  trnnk*  set  tnakwise.    Ye  would  gaie  And  ftvni  with  level  eyelifls  the  To-Come, 

on  God  And  all  the  dark  o'  the  world.    Behold 

With  impcreeptive  blankne**i)p(he  *lan  my  voice. 

And  mutter,  "  Why,  God,  hast  thoa  made  Which,  naaiing  ertt  the  creatnres,  did  ei- 

as  thns  P'  pre**, — 

And  pining  to  a  sallow  Idiocy,  God  breathing  throngh  my  brca(h,~lfae 

Slaggtrnp  blindly againit  the endsoflifa;  attributes 

Then  stagnats  into  rottenness,  and  drop  Andinslinclsoreach  creature  in  itiaane; 

HeavHy-^Kior,  dead    miLiteT—pIecemeal  Float*  to  the  tame  afflatus,— float*  and 

down  heave* 

The  abytmat  spaces — like  a  little  stone  Likeawaler-weedlhatopeusloawave,— 

Let  fall  to  cbao*.    Therefore  oter  yoo,  A  fbll-leaved  propheiy  affecting  thee. 

Accept  tki*  seeptret  therefore  be  einlent  Oat  fkirly  and  wide.    Heocefiuwanl,  wa>    ^  ~-                 I 

T«  Milliner  wiib  volsntary  grace  man,  rise                                        V^iOOQIC 


1(8                                         A  Drama  o/EsiU.                                     [A^B- 

To  IhT  peenUai  and  b««t  Bititndes  And  Ij  the  iowmt,  whcM  fpiiiU  AiU  tf 

or  doing  good  and  of  enduring  iH, —  inwlla 

Wcomlorlingror  ill,  aod  lEacliiDg  good.  Did  TalEo*  tofUjTi  pinckias  m  behind 

AndreeoDciliog  all  thai  ill  and  good  Back  to  Ihe  gradual   biuJu  and  toomI 

Ualo  the  patieoce  of  a  coneianl  hope, —  bowers 

Kite  with  thy  daaghtere  t    If  sin  came  bj  And  fborfold  river  counes :  bf  all  thete  ; 

tbee,  I  blets  thee  to  (he  contraries  of  thetc] 

And  hj  tin,  deatb, — the  ransom-righleouv  I  bleu  thee  to  the  deaerl  and  the  lbni% 

tttnSj  To  the  elomenta]  change  and  tttrbnlcnwfc 

^le  heaTenlr  life  and  eompen«ated  rest  And  to  the  roar  of  theestraiifed  beatti. 

Stall  come  bj  meant  of  tbee,    IT  wo  by  And  to  the  solemn  dignities  of  grie^— 

thee  To  each  one  of  thete  endi,— ftnd  to  thii 

Had  ittue  to  the  world,  thou  Ehttit  go  forth  ckd 

An  angel  of  the  wo  tbon  didtt  achieve;  OfDeath  and  Ibe  heieafUrl 

Found  acceptable  to  the  worid  instead  Eve.                                           I  aoeaif 

Of  Dthen  of  that  name,  of  whose  bright  For  me  and  fw  ut  daughters  Ihii  hi^ 

■teps  part, 

Thr  deed  (tripped  bate  the  hilla.    Be  tat-  Which  Uwlf  shaU  b«  connted.    NoUe 

iafled;  work 

Sometbinf;  thou  bait  to  bear  tbrongb  wo-  Shall  bold  me  in  the  place  of  gaiden-rett ; 

manhood —  And  in  Ibe  place  cf  Eden'i  kiM  delight 

PeesliaT  inifering  aniwertng  to  tbe  sin  g  Worthy  endurance  of  permitted  pain; 

Some  pang  paid  down  for  each  new  hn-  While  on  jaj  longest  patience  then  sbA 

man  life ;  voit 

Death's  speecblets  angel,  smiling  ia  tkt 

_.  WhsQce  Cometh  the  cold  wind.    I  tatv 

From  those  thoa  haat  too  well  serred ;  mytdf 

from  Urate  beloved  Rumblr  heDee&rward  on  the  ill  I  did. 

Too  loyally,  some  tieaion :  feebleneti  That  humblcnew  may  keep  it  in  the  tbada. 

Within  thy  heart,  and  cmelly  wilhuuti  Shall  it  be  to?    ^aUIamile,  eayiog  soT 

Andpretlsarei  of  an  alien  trninny,  Oseedl  O  Elogl  0  Ood,   who  »Mt  bt 

With  its  dynastic  reasonH  of  larger  bonei  seed, — 

And  stronger  sinews.    Bat  goto  r  tby  lore  What  thalll  say?    As  Eden't  fountains 

Shall  chant  itself  its  own  beatitudes,  awelled 

After   Us  own   iife-wotking.    A  child's  Brightly  betwiil  their  banks,  aotwelljny 

kbs,  tool 

Stt  on  thy  sighing  lips,  sball  make  thee  Belwiit  Ihf  love  aod  power  1 

glad :  And,  iweelesi  thoughts 

A  poor  man,  served  by  tbee,  ghall  moke  Of  Ibregoae  Eden  1  now,  for  Lhe  &at  time 

thee  rich ;  Since  God  said  "  Adam,"  walking  throagfe 

An  M  man,  helped  by  thee,  shall  mnks  the  treee, 

tbee  sironpi  I  dare  toplack  you,  as  I  plucked  erewWc 

Thov  (helt  be  served   tbytelf  by   ever;  The  lily  or  pink,  the  rose  or  beliotnipe, 

sense  So  pluck  I  you — so  largely — with  botk 

Of  icrviee  which  tbon  rendereat.     Such  a  hands, — 

crown  And  throw  yon  forward  on  the  ontereaift 

I  set  upon  Iby  head, — Christ  witnettiag  Wherein  we  aie  cost  out,  to  eweetea  tL 

With  looks  of  prompting  love — la  keep  Mata,  A*  thoa,  Christ,  to  illtune  it, 

thee  clear  boldest  Heaven 

Of  an  reproach 'againtt  the  sin  fbr^one,  Broadly  above  vur  beads. 
Prom  all  the  generations  which  sneceed. 
Thy  band  which  plucked  the  apple,  I 

clasp  close;  TUCmmitgrmiKMllftrwanHiiarimrtki 

Tbj  lin  which  spake  wrong  counsel,!  /ntUmi^riAmffiiugm^KUkfJimiStai 

kiss  dose, —  nfmimg. 
I  bless  tbee  in  the  name  of  Paradise, 

And  by  the  memory  of  Edenie  joys  Ewt.                    O  Savionr  Christ 

Forfeit  and  loM;— by  that  last  cypress  Thou  slandestmnle  in  glory,  like  the  swb 

tree  Adam.   We   worship  in  Tliy  sileiMa* 

Oreen  at  the  gate,  which  thrilled  at  we  Saiioar  Christ. 

Evt,  Thy  brow*  grow  gnnder  whk  a 
foreeatt  wo^ — 
Diviner,  with  lhe  possible  of  Detih  I    ^  , 

It!  melaneholy  mnsic  afler u  \—  We  wMiUpintbytoncWj&vioiirCkrirtiOQQ   P 


MM.]                                     A  AvMM  ffExat.  149 

Mum.  How  do  Oj  deu-,  lOi  efta  Evt.  0  pale,  [athctie  OffiH— I  vow 

IniupwTce  osr  tonli,  (hip  ttiM  I 

Ab    gulDg    ttr«Bji    tbem    toi^id    tke  I  thank  tbee  fbr  that  ironaat 

Patber-lkrane,  CHiin'.                        For,  M  lut. 

In  a  patbetical  fbU  Dcitr,  I|  wrapping  nnind  me  yonr  hunHuii^, 

SetenetrafUnnnngaxe  throngh  Ueair  WUeb,    being    nistained,    ihall  n^tfaet 

Bliai^t  on  eack  otter.  break  nor  born 

£*(.                  O  pMketk  Chrin,  Beneath  the  fire  of  Godhead,  wiH  tre«t 

Tkoo  rtandett  mnte  is  ^mt,  like  tb»  earth, 

BOOB>  And  lauom  70Q  and  it,  and  cot  Stzpog 

Chu*t.  Elenltr  Maadi  alwayi  IVobI-  peace 

ingOodt  Betwixt  Ton  aad  in  crealOTM.    With  B17 

A  Ren  eokMaaliMtfe,  witthUadeytt,  pangi 

And  grand  din  lipt,  ttat  nnmnr  erer-  I  will  eonfVanI  Tonr  tint ;  and  ilnce  jttn 

Qod,Qad,eDdliMlethenAorHfeaBd  HaxB  lunkea  to  an  Natvre'i  heart  &aa 

death,  7oani, 

ne  raar  ef  act  aad  thoagh^  of  eril  and  The  tean  of  mj  clean  tonl  ihall  fUhnr 

gMdy—  them, 

TbeaTalanebeieftheTniafagworUa  And  Nt  a  ho);  panioa  to  woik  eleai 

ToUing  down  apaoe^Mka  new  worldi'  Abaohie  conaee  ration,    {nmrbrow 

gosaaia  OT  klnglr  whiteneH,  ihall  be  ercnmed 

Badding  In  fii^— the  gndnal  hmnsung  anew 

growth  Toot  diatrowned  hnman  nature.    Look 

Oftheaaeimt  ateau,  aad  iialftinni  oT  on  met 

earth,  Ai  I  ahaU  be  nplifted  on  a  eroM 

n*  tlow  pi(ie«BiiiD««rthe«watIiingaeu  IndaAneaiof  eclipie  and  annbh  dread, 

And  finnameatal  watera,— aad  the  noise  So  vfaall  I  lift  up  ia  mj  pierced  hasd^ 

Of  the  bma^  flneot  etrataef  pare  ainy  Not  into  dark,  bat  light — not  onto  deaths 

AH  Iheae  flow  oflwaid  in  the  ialerralt  Bat  life, — befood  the  reacli  oT  gnUt  aM 

Of  that  retterant,  aotecan  tonnd  of— God  t  grief, 

Vhidi  wou),  InnnineraiN  angela  (rtmight-  The  whole  ereation.    HeDceTorth  In  ibT 

High  on  celeMialahitadeior  long  Take  courage,  Otlioawi»nan,-Miian,td[e 

And  choral  admation,  and  (hen  drop  hope  I 

The  harden  aoftlr ;  riiaKlng  thelaatnetea  TonrgraTesalullbe  at  nnooth  a*  Edenl 

Hathednpin tilferwingt!  I'thenoonof  rward, 

time,  Beneath    the  itep  of  foor   pnwpectiva 

Nalklet^  that  a^itic-lipped  Etenitj  thonglits  g 

Shall  wax  aa  aileDt-dtUDb  as  I^th  hhn-  And,  one  itep  put  them,  a  new  Gdea-gate 

•elf,  Kiall  open  on  a  Unge  of  harmony 

While  a  new  voice  beneath  the  ([AeTe*  And  let  :roa  through  to  mere}.    Ye  ahaB 

■hall  err,  fkll 
"Oodl  wh7  hut  tboa  {bnakea  me,  my 

GodT", 
AB^Mt  a  Tolee  in  Hearen  Ihall  anawer  iL 

Fint  lianeti  and  fint  monneti.     Lin 

TlK  tm^ftmntltm  U  umrif  is  nimu.  Doing  both  noblf,  becanie  lowlilj'  j 

Life  and    work,  atrongiT,— beeanae  pa- 

■*^,«'o's;?.i."°' """'""*'  A.d,f.?s"'dUdrfd«o,,™i,«.<w, 

A_Aint  h'lman  •»))>.  vni^a  an^  t.^M  I  That  it  be  wcll  donc,  nilreneoled  of, 

thine  ere*  atanlpraieM 

Ch-iw.  Then,  in  the  noon  of  time,  Fulen  yonr  ««I.  «  h«h,  that  eoM^ 

ihall  one /h)(n  Heaven  The  •«!!•  of  yoor  heroic  eheermayflort 

Ab  aagel  freih  from  looking  npon  God,  ^"^  "'.'  ^f  °''.t!^'"'^"/*!* 

Deacend  before  a  woman,  blesBLns  het  P'>ri««*tion  bewg  the  joy  of  paia ! 
With  perfect  benedielian  of  pure  love, 
Forallthe  world  in  allltaelemenU; 
For  all  the  crealnres  of  earth,  air,  and 


*  Goog  c 


pnennf  dmtgt. 


UO  ADrama 

EarOi  SpirUt. 

Br  the  mighly  word  thai  ipoken 
Bolb  for  living  vai.  for  dfiug. 
We,  oat  homaxc-oath  oace  bn>ken, 
Fislen  back  again  in  lighing; 
And  the  creaiam  and  Ihe  elements  re- 
new their  coveBoDting. 
Here,  foinive  ni  all  our  scorning) 
Here  we  promise  milder  duty  i 
And  the  erening  and  the  momiog 
Shall  re-ot^nUe  is  beaut;, 
A  nbbuh  day  in  sabbalh  jo;,  for  oniver- 
tal  chanting. 
And  if,  ililli  thii  melaadiolr 

Ua;  be  ttrong  to  oTercome  b(  ) 
If  this  mortal  and  anholiT) 
We  still  fail  to  cait  oat  from  ns, — 
And  we  torn  upon  70a,  nnaware,  Font 
own  dark  inSaeuees; 
If  ye  tremble,  whea  lurrounded 

B;  oorforesl  pine  and  i«Im trees; 
IT  we  cannot  core  the  wonoded 
With  our  tDBrjorBm  and  ttala  treei ; 
And  if  foai  jodIb,  all  moDufnllr,  sit  dows 
among  jour  tentet, — 
Yet,  0  mortal),  do  not  feai  ui, — 
We  are  gentle  in  onr  laoguor ; 
'  And  more  good  jt  tboll  Imtb  noai  at, 

Than  anf  painoran^eri 
And  God's  refracted  bleHUtg,  in  oorUeiB- 
ing,  ihall  be  given! 
B7  the  detert'a  endless  vigil. 

We  wi!l solemnize  TDutpasiiona; 
Bt  the  wheel  of  the  black  eagle 
We  witi  Inch  you  exaltations, 
Wli«n  he  tails  against  the  wind,  to  the 
white  spot  up  in  Heaven. 
ye  shall  End  us  tender  nnrEM 

To  your  wcarioesi  of  nature ; 

And  our  hands  shall  stroke  the  curse's 

Dreary  rurTDWirroiii  the  creature, 

Till  yonr  bodies  shall  lie  smooth  in  death, 

and  straight  and  slamberful : 

Then,  a  conch  we  will  iHMvide  you. 

Where  no  summer  heal  shaU  daule ; 
Strewing  on  you  and  beside  yon 
The  thyme  and  sweet  basil — 
And  the  eypress  shall  grow  overhead,  to 

keep  all  safe  and  cool, 
.   Tin  the  Holy  blood  availed 

Shall  be  chrism  around  as  mining. 
Whereby,  newly -consecrated. 

We  shall  leap  up  in  God's  snnning. 
To  join  the  spheric  company,  where  the 
pure  worlds  assemble ; 
While,  renewed  by  oew  eTangcIs, 

Soal-consnmmated,  made  glorjons, 
Te  shall  brighien  past  the  tngeli — 
Ye  (hall  kneel  lo  Christ  vietorioas  1 
And  the  rays  around  his  feet,  beneath 
roar  sobbing  %s,  shall  tiemble. 


|A«. 


Hear  oar  heavenly  promisej 

Thnia^h  your  mortal  pas 

Love,  ye  shall  have  from  tti 

In  B  pnre  relation  I 
As  a  Gsb  01  bird 

Swims  or  flics,  if  moving, 
We,  anaeeo,  are  heard 
To  Ii»e  on  by  loving. 
Far  above  the  glances 
Of  yoni  eager  eyes, 
Listen!  we  are  loving ( 
Listen,  through  man's  ignoi 
Listen,  through  God's  mysti 
Listen  down  the  heart  of  thinct. 
Ye  shall  hear  oar  mystic  wiags 
Bustle  with  our  loving  t 
Throngh  the  opal  door, 
Lislen  evermore 
How  we  live  by  loving. 
Firit  Minichonu. 
When  you  bodies,  ihwdbre, 

Lie  in  grave  or  goal, 
GoAly  will  we  ewe  for 

Each  enffanebised  soul  I 
Softly  and  aalothly, 

Through  the  door  of  opa^ 
We  will  draw  yoa  soothty 

Toward  the  Heavenly  pesple. 
Floated  on  a  minor  fine 
Lito  tba  fbll  cbanl  divine. 

We  will  draw  yon  cmoolhly^— 
While  the  human  in  the  minoi 
Makes  the  harmony  diviner  1 
Lislea  to  onr  loving  I 
Second  (tmii^konu. 
Then  a  sough  of  glory 

Shall  yoor  entranee  greet; 
Raffling,  roond  the  doorway. 

The  smoDlh  radiance  it  shall  meet. 
From  the  Heavenly  thnmed  centn 

Heavenly  voices  shall  repeat — 
'■  Sonls  redeemed  and  psrdoned,  eotea  i 

For  the  chrism  on  yoa  is  swtet." 
And  every  angel  in  the  place 
Lowlily  ^all  bow  his  fbce. 

Folded  fair  on  aoHened  sounds, 
Bccanse  npon  yonr  hand*  and  feet 
He  thinks  he  sees  his  Masler'swonndl: 
Listen  to  onr  loving. 
Wlnt  umichona. 
So,  in  the  univene's 

Consommlled  undoing, 
Our  angels  of  white  mercies 

Shall  hover  roond  the  rain  I 
Theirwlngssha11ctretmnp<m  the  flame, 
As  if  incorporate  of  the  same. 

In  elemental  fVisioo  i 
And  calm  their  faces  shall  bam  ont. 
With  a  pale  and  mastering  thoaght, 
And  BSledfast  looking  of  desire. 
Plan  onl  between  the  dcRs  of  ' 


"Google 


IS44.1  A  Drmti 

'  While  the*  err,  in  Ihs  Holf^  auM, 
To  the  fiaal  ReilitatioB  ! 
Litten  to  oar  Iniog ! 

So,  Then  the  dar  of  Ood  >■ 

To  the  thick  grevet  Rccompled ; 
AwBhiDg  the  drad  bodies, 

Tiie  iasel  afthe  trampei 
&aU  B^it  the  ehBTnel  eanh 
To  the  roots  of  the  grave, 
Whiefa  sever  before  were  alsekenad ; 

And  qoieken  the  ebarod  Urth, 
With  hii  blut  10  deer  and  bn*e  f 
Till  the  Dead  all  itawl  ereetr^ 
And  eTCTT  face  of  the  hnrial-plaee 
Shall  the  awTnl,  tintiie  look,  reflect, 
Wherevilh  he  them  awakened. 
Litten  to  ovr  lorins  I 
first  mniehonu. 
But  wfld  ii  the  bone  of  Death  I 
He  wUl  leap  np  wild  at  the  clamor 
Above  and  beneath ; 
And  where  il  hii  Tamer 
Oa  that  lut  day, 
When  he  ciieth,  Ha,  ha! 
To  the  trampet'i  eTaogel, 
And  paweih  the  earlh'i  Aceldama  t 
When  be  tonelh  his  head. 
The  drear-wbite  iteed. 
And  champeth  athwart  tbe  hat  moon- 
ray,— 
Oh,  where  is  the  angel 
Can  lead  him  away, 
That  the  living  mar  role  for  the  D«ad  T 
S*a>md  itmidtonu. 

Yet  •  Tamu  shall  be  fonnd  I 
Onemore  bright  than  lerapha crowned, 
Aad  more  tUoag  than  cherub  bold  j 
Elder,  toa,  than  an^I  old, 
Bj  bU  f  rey  eiemiiiet, — 
He  ihall  maiter  and  (orptiae 

The  Iteed  of  Death, 
For  He  ii  strong,  and  He  il  fain; 
He  ahalt  qnell  him  with  a  breath. 
And  iball  lead  him  where  He  will. 
With  a  whisper  in  the  ear, 
Wbkh  It  alone  esa  hear — 

Full  of  fear— 
And  a  hand  npon  tha  maae, 
Brand  and  still. 
Wirti  itmidiomt. 
Thrvagh  the  flaii  of  Hades,  where  the 

tonl«  aiaemble. 
He  will  guide  the  Death-steed,  calm  be- 
tween their  raolu  { 
While,  like  beaten  dog>,lhe7alitUemonii 

and  tremble 
To  lee  tbe   darkneaa    enrdle    Ihmi  the 

horae't  glitierinK  Hanki. 
Through  the  fata  of  Hades,  where  the 

dreary  shade  is, — 
Vf  the  steep  of  Heaven,  will  the  Tamer 

Knide  the  steed,— 
Up  tbe   spheric    drdea— circle   above 


t  o/EmU.  151 

We,  whoeonnl  the  age«,shan  const  the 

ttdling  tread — 
Every  hooT-fall  striking  a  blinder,  blank- 

Fnm  the  stony  orbs,  which  shall  ibow  ■« 


theyw 
Suomd  Mtmidionu, 
AU  the  way  the  Death-iteed,  with  mikf- 

fled  hoofs,  shall  travel, 
Aahen  grey  the  planets  shall  ba  motion> 

Loosely  shall  tbe  syitEms  eject  their  parts 

fiugaant  in  the  apace*  shall   float  tha 
pallid  Buwni; 

And  sans  that  tonch  Ihe^  apogees,  reel- 
ing (Vom  their  level, 

Shall  ma  back  on  their  axle*,  in  wild, 
low,  broken  tune*. 
CkDnu. 

Up  against  the  archea  of   the  nystal 

Shall  the  horse's  nostrils  Ueam  the  Unrt- 

ing  breath ; 
Up  between  the  angels  pale  with  silent 

Will  tbe  Tamer,  ealmly,lead  the  bone  of 
death. 

Cleaving  all  that   silence,  cleiviiv  all 

that  glory, 
Will  the  Tamer  lead  him  itraightway  to 

the  Throne : 
"Look  oDt,  O  Jehovah,  to  this  I  bring 

before  Thee, 
With   a  hand  nail-pierced, — I,  wbo  am 

thy  Son." 
Then  the  Eye  Qivinest,  from  the  Deepeat, 

On  the  borse-eyee  feeding,  shall  bnni  out 

their  fire  : 
Bliad  the  beast  shall  stagger,  where  It 

overcame  him, — 
Heek  as  lamb  at  pasture — hloodles*  i 

Down  the  beast  shall  shiver, — slain  amid 

the  taming, — 
And  by  Life  essential,    tbe    phanlaflB 
Death  expire. 
J  Voia.  Gabriel,  thoB  Gabriel  I 
.JaeiAer  Vmc*.  What  wonldat  Uoa  with 

ner 
Firtt  Vaitt.  I  heard  thy  voice  eonnd  in 
the  angel's  song ; 
And  I  woald  give  tbee  question. 
Second  Voict.  Question  me. 
Ftnl  Void.  Why  have  I  called  thriee 
to  my  morning  star 
And  had  no  an«wer  I    All  the  Stan  an 

And  loand  the  earth,  npon  theb  sHvw 

Wheel  out  the  mssic  of  the  inner  lift, 
And  answer  in  their  place*.  Only  in  *i 
I  cast  ny  voice  against  the  onter  nya 


Googje 


Of  tnr  (tw,  shut  in  light  beUod  Um  SOD  I 
ITo  BKire  repir  Hum    from  t  breaking 

ttriag.  And  Ukc  the  fiUniCM  ef  Hia  vi 

ibeikiiif;  when  tonebed.    Or  u  the  ■<>(  To  eorar  lots  ud  udoeM  ? 

nT  (tar  ?  Bteomi  Foiu,            II  ii  trne. 

Where  u  1117  bIit,  mr  stftr?    Hare  fe  FirrfPoin.  UMnne,  UXniel  Omon* 

cut  down  iog'Stu  I  0  Hm  I 

Ho  glorjlike  my  glorf  1  Hat  the  wued  Vko  tittett  leciet  ia  a  veil  of  l«ht, 

MoiUI,  like  Adam  T    Pas  the  iMirnt  to  Far  np  the  tttirr  ipacn,  aa;— (fttrlMr 

hale  4»e«k  bat  m  load  •■  doUi  a  mtftoJawM 

U^e  ao}  anKcl?  To  TjrrbcH  valeral    I  am  Loeifcr— 

AcoiuJ  KoiM.           SbeUaadfoilheei  [.fiMaM.    <SiJaK< m A< afar*. 

AL  thiofi  grow  ndder  to  thee,  one  bjr  AH  tluiici  gnw  HuUerlo  maiOBe  t^Me^ 


Oionw.    Lire,  wwk  on,  O  Eaitk;  t 
Br  the  Acloafi  teotioD, 
Speed  the  am>w  worth; 

or  a  pare  accention. 
FiWQ  the  low  earth  round  job. 
Reach  the  height*  abore  T<n>; 
n«m  The  (tripe*  thai  voqiid  yon, 

Seek  the  loVea  that  hiYe  yon  I 
God's  diTiDest  bnraeth  plain 

Tbrongb  the  cryaltl  diaphans 
or  our  lore*  that  lore  yon. 
FinI  Void.    Oabriel,  0  Gabriel  t 
Stami  Vaiet.  What  woaldit  IAm  viHi 

meT 
Fint  Foiet.  b  it  trne,  O  thon  Gabriel, 
that  the  erowD 
Of  MUTow  which   I    claimed,   aaoUtcr 

That  Hb  ctaimi  tbat  too  T 

Acrnd  Vaitt.  Loat  one,  it  is  tne. 

Firt  Vde*.  That  Hx  will  be  an  eifle 
ftom  His  Hearen, 
To  lead  thcNe  exiles  bomewaid  t 

Stami  tVet.  It  is  true. 

Fim  Voitt.  That  He  wfll  be  an  olle 
by  Hii  will. 
As  I  by  mine  election? 

Btcimd  Coic*.  II  is  trae. 

Firtl'Voict.  That  I  shall  stand  sola 
exOe  Snalty,— 
Hade  desolate  for  &DilJon  7 

SnohI  roics.  It  Is  true. 

Fint  Vaict.  Gabriel  I 

Sattmd  Koit*.  I  beaAen.  __  ,,        ^^,,      ^  .        „ 

Fir,tV^.  I,  H  true  besides-    '^'^^^ffiSSf^r 


Ctorw.    ExDed  homaa  enatnru. 

Let  yonr  hope  grow  laigu  I 
Larger  grows  the  Tiaioa. 

Of  the  new  ddigbL 
Fnm  this  chain  of  Nature's 

God  ia  the  Disoharger) 
And  the  Aetnal'g  prisoa 

Open*  to  your  sight. 
Sentdbnu. 

Cafan  the  ilais  and  golden. 

In  a  light  exceeding : 
What  their  rays  bave  meatujm 

Let  jam  hearts  fulfill 
Theie  are  stars  beholden 

By  jonr  eyes  is  Eden) 
Tet,  across  the  desert. 

See  them  shining  (till. 

CXortu.  Fatare  joy  and  far  light 

Working  inch  relalions, — 
Bear  ns  smgiag  gently— 

EiMtd  it  not  lott! 
God,  above  the  Marlfgbt, 

God,  above  the  patience, 
Shall  at  last  present  ye 

Onardon*  worth  the  cost. 
Fstiendy  enduring, 

Painrnlly  sorroonded. 
Listen  how  we  love  you— 

Hope  the  ottennost — 
Wniting  for  thai  curing 

Whieh  exalts  the  wounded. 
Hear  us  sing  above  yon — 

EXIUm,  SOT   MOT  lO%T'. 


trz. 


r.  tf  «»#.'- 


lizcdbyGooi^le 


1844.]             Critic*  and  Critkitm  of  At  NineltmUh  Ctntury.  ISft 

CRITICS  AND  CEITIcfsM  OF  THE  NINETEENTH  CENTUBY* 
I)f  the  present  aketch  of  the  hiatoiy  of  woiaaii,  are  described  with  all  the  ba- 
orilics  and  ctilicism,  we  ahail  confine  bitasl  piquancj  and  grace  of  M&oau- 
oorBelTes  chiefly  to  thoM  of  British  lay'a  expreasiTe  pen.  The  hatefulneaa- 
origin,  and  wbote  glotiea  ate  the  pro-  of  the  life  led  by  court  miniona,  woolil 
doct  of  Ediobaigh  and  London,  in-  of  itaelf  be  aafficient,  we  should  ima- 
eluding  the  boroagh  of  WealmiDaier.  gine,  to  diaguat  all  of  those  wbo  baTO 
Germany,  France,  and  oar  own  dear  erer  liied  wiibin  the  precincts  of  a 
eountry,  ao  rich  in  peiiodical  literatare,  palace,  and  were  expected  to  haog  on 
deaene  much  more  than  a  mere  paaa-  the  smile  or  nod  of  a  monarch.  W» 
ing  notice,  ;et  that  is  all'  we  ahul  be  iboald  aay,  sach  a  aerritude  would  fui- 
enabled  to  gire  them,  if  only  from  a  nish  tha  beat  anlidote  to  the  ektrava' 
want  of  sufficient  space,  at  pteaent  gant  idolatry,  with  which  the  ignorant 
(reserving  for  a  future  opponanily  a  seem  to  regard  a  King.  MajeatT  dQ< 
view  of  the  state  of  criticism  in  this  prived  of  ita  aateroals,  is  truly  called  a 
eountry),  and  for  the  sake  of  a  continu-  Jeal :  a  bitter  one  in  a  case  like  this, 
«as  interest.  Nor  do  we  pretend  to  which  ought  to  pave  the  way  for  the 
fttmish  a  nairatiTe  strictly  accnrate  or  lore  of  and  thirst  for  (at  least]  a  more 
exact  in  alt  parttcolars,  but  rather  aim  tolerant  and  manly  goTernment. 
to  giTe  a  fair  general  view  and  a  not  The  article  upon  Addiaon,  admirabla 
illiberal  estimate  of  some  of  the  moat  in  moat  iesp«cts,  is  diaiorted  by  a  wan- 
diatbignisbed  critics  of  this  critical  age.  ton  disregard  of  jasiicetowarda  the  two 
In  theptesent.aTowedlTananaljlicage,  most  celebrated  contemporary  wita  o£ 
in  which  criticism  has  flouriahed  almost  the  lime  of  Addison — Pope  and  Swele. 
la  rankneas,  it  seeros  necessary  to  criti-  The  latter  writer,  whom  in  the  Taller 
ei*e  occasionally  thecrilicathemselvea,  and  Spectator,  we  agree  with  Hailitt 
in  order  to  learn  where  to  fix  our  faith,  and  Hunt  in  believing  the  superior  in 
irhom  to  trust,  and  huw  &r  to  credit  spirit  and  genins,  to  his  mure  favored 
any  one  of  them.  friend,  vet  not  his  equal,  by  any  means, 
The  appearance  of  a  new  volume  of  in  careml  finish,  exact  scholarship,  or 
Hacaulay  has  led  ns  to  make  selection  rigid  moral  propriety,  ia  incessantly 
of  this  subject,  as  a  vehicle  for  that  depreciated  in  the  most  nnworthy  man- 
deaulton  melange  of  history  and  crili-  ner.  Of  this  disregard  to  historical 
ciam,  which  is  the  most  we  can  pro-  truth  no  lets  than  to  fair  criticism,  the 
mise  our  readers  at  present.  This  instances  ate  too  numerooa  to  particu- 
latest  volume  of  Macanlay's  papers,  col-  larize  at  present,  but  deserve  a  fuller 
looted,  we  believe,  by  the  American  explanation  hereafter.  The  critic's 
pibUsher,  includes  some  of  hia  latest,  strictures  upon  Pope,  too,  are  uospai- 
with  other  of  his  earlier  articles.  The  ingly  censorious.  A  suspicion  much 
paper  on  Madame  D'Arbla^  is,  perhaps,  belter  founded  in  the  nature  of  the  case 
the  beat  in  tbe  volume:  it  presents  a  than  Macaulay  allows,  in  the  instance  of 
very  agreeable  account  of  her  life  and  asingleBminenlrival,iBtorturedinloev< 
works,  if  indeed  that  can  be  called  idence  of  a  malignity  of  dispcgjlioo  that 
agreeable,  which  is  occupied  with  some  accompanied  the  poet  through  life, 
very  unhappy  details.  The  position  of  despite  tbe  numerooa  instances  in  his 
tbe  autbnresB  of  Evelina,  in  the  literary  life,  lettera  and  poetry,  of  ^reat  friend- 
world,  is  accurately  aettied,  and,  as  it  liness,  charity,  piety  and  filial  affection, 
seems  to  ns,  a  very  just  estimate  is  We  hope  at  no  dieiant  period  to  make 
rendered  of  her  character  and  talents,  this  clear. 

The  episode  of  Mr.  Ortap  furniahes  a  The  review  of  Satan  Montgomery's 

^ite  jiew  and  singular  chapter  in  the  abottioDa  of  the  Muse,  which  have  been 

history  of  the  literary  character  ;  and  almost  incredibly  popular,  is  moat  just, 

may  serve  aa  a  beacon  to  many.    The  though  at  the  tame  time  moat  cauatie, 

contemporary  literatnTc  and  the  great-  and  as  we  are  inclined  to  think  neces- 

er     contemporary  statesmet),    of  the  tarilr    ao.     A  bad  writer   (however 

youth  and  middle  age  and  declining  good  a  man),  who  vili  go  on  aecumn- 

years  of  this  brilliant  bet  yet  unhappy  laiing  literary  offences,  deaervet  opon 


.   Pbil< 


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fM  OriiMV  and  Cntidm  ofth*  Mm«(m»M  Cmtwr^.  [Aog. 

}iM  ovm  head,  the  pnnishmenl  he  ssbtdb  Comeille  wd  lUcine.    It  wm  thU  Hime 

to  coDil.     Fabe  oompaMion  n>*7,  in  lute  that  led  Voltaire  &fterwud«  to 

sach  cases, do g-reuiajuiy.  Forthoagh  write   of  Shalupeare    a*    a   Saeaget 

it  be  tree,  that  eitieme  Justice  ia,  of  while  AddisoD  waa  crowned  with  al[ 

all   thtn^,  the  moat   unjast ;  yet   ex-  the  haoora  of  the  Tragic   Uuae.      It 

treine  and  inconsiderate  pity  may  ooca-  was    tbis  prevailing   ignorance   of    a 

sion  (and  often  does)  no  little  hitm  even  geniiine  philoaoph;  of  cesthetica,  which 

to.  the  one  we  would  benefit  by  forbear-  was  supplanted  by  a  perverted  code  of 

ttaee  and  mercifol  treatment.  taste,   that   iDclined   the    readers   aod 

The  paper  on  Barere  is  iDore  in  the  writers  of  that  day  to  OTerlook  the  im- 
tiiaiinerofStephenB(Hacau)ay's  double)  nieasely  superior  claims  of  the  great 
than  of  Macaulay  himself:  admirable  older  writers  |a   English  literature,  ea- 
as  it  would  appear  for  any  other  writer,  pecially  in  the  Drama  and  in  the  Pol- 
it  is  not  one  of  the  very  best  of  Hacan-  pit,  for  witty,  clerer,  smart  epigram- 
lay's  later  critiques.    The  aatne  remark  matists  and  pithy  writers  of  essays, 
applies  to  the  Essays  on  the  utilitarian  letters  and  "  vert  de  locUU." 
philoBophy,  which  are  a  little  dry  and        The  age   of  Aane  was  undoDbtedly 
argumentative,  coming  often  after  tbe  a  brilliant  period,  bat  it  is  thrown  into 
witty  epigrams,  the   rich   icholarBhip  comparative    obscurity    by   the   great 
aod  (he  brilliant  declamation  of  their  ages  of  Elisabeth  and  James  I.  an3  the  I 
author.     Still,  the  style  and  manner  of  age  of  the  commonwealth,  that  preced-  ' 
treatment  is  more  appropriate  and  in  od  it.     It  was  the  age  of  comedy,  of                 f 
aecordance   with    the    subject.      The  periodical   writing,   of  true   satire,  t^                 I 
civil  disabilities  of  the  Jews  are  admi-  manly  and    sensiblb  political  writing 
rably  refuted ;  aod  some  of  the  means  and  preaching,  but  it  was  quite  deficient  ' 
of  testing  trnlh  by  ridicule,  in  this  sa-  in    imagination,    philosophy    and    the  I 
titical  argument,  are  capital.    Tbe  to-  highec  kinds  of  genius.     The  critieisna  ' 
]ume,aaawhole,haweTer,cannotmain-  of  such  an  age  was  the  counterpart  of 
tain    a   fair  equality   with   those   that  its  original  writing.     It  was  just  but 
preceded  it.     There  is  nothing'  in  it  tame,  its  prudence  degenerated   into  I 
to  be  compared  to  the  articles  on  Chat-  mere  cautiiin,  it  was  timid,  nay  almaat  I 
ham,  Bacon,  or  Clive.  servile.     Thia   school   lasted   through 

Previously  to  the  introduction  of  the  the  reign  of  the  first  two  Georges  aod 

school  of  eriticiam  that  has  aubsisted  continued  down  to    the   foity-secoud 

daring  the  present  century  and  which  year  of  the  reign  of  George  III.     Dur-  i 

grew  out  of  the  tone  adopted  by  the  ing  all  this  period  the  French  criticism 

Edinburgh  Reviewers ;  the  prevailing  was  dominant,  and  most  of  the  tenets 

fashion  ufjodgingwasablind following  of  this  school  were  held,  and  most  of 

Of  the  old,  conventional,  Anglo-Gallic  its  canons  applied  bv  that  perfect  em- 

principlea  of  taste  and  opinions  in  mat-  bodiment  of  it.  Dr.  Blair — a  writer  of 

ters  of  style  and  invention,  introduced  the  same  calibre  and  aim  with  those  of 

into    England   at  the   Restoratidn  by  the  French  critics  i  a  sensible  guide  on  i 

Charles  H.  and  the  court  Poeta — men,  the  less  abstruse  questions  of  criticism 

who    professedly  copied   the    French  aod   taste :    aod    a   clear,   methodical 

writers  iffeverything— their  ingenuity,  teacher  of  Rhetoric,     He  has  been  fol-  i 

smartness,  conventionalities  and  imita-  lowed  by  men  of  much  greater  reputa-  I 

tions  of  the  classics  :  critics  who  fol-  tion,  especially  among  the  Germans ;  ' 

lowed  Boilean,  and    tragedians    who  and  intrinsically,  he  is  no  contemptible 

worshipped  Racins.    During  the  reigns  writer. 

of  William  III.  and  dueeo  Anne,  this        At  the  commencement  of  the  present 

taste  became  confirmed.     Of  the  an-  century  a  new  alate  of  things  appears:  , 

eienls,  the  Latin  writers  were  univer-  with  the  foundation   of  the  Edinburgh  j 

Htlly  studied  and  closely  copied,  while  Review  (180S),  arose  a  new  style  of 

the  noble  old  Greeks   were  compara-  criticism,  fresh,  original,  independent :  1 

lively   little  known.      Classicalily,  or  generally  judicious  and  ftir,  sometimes  I 

tsatefnlimilationof  models,  nsurped  the  a  little  malicious,  rarely  very  uujuat,  { 

place  of  true  genius:  this  &iBe  taste  allhongh  some  few  marked  and  emioeat  ' 

made  the  fortune  of  Cato,  a  correct  and  exceptions  to  this  are  well  known  (dU*  1 

proper,  but  cold  and  tame,   transcript  the  glorious  namea,  Wordsworth,  COI0-  I 

of  the  Greek  drama  through  the  filter-  ndae.  Shelly,  Hazlitt,  Hunt,  Lambt.  .' 

i*g  of  the  French  imitations  of  it,  by  aod  their  disciples) :  the  matter  of  thlfM,  O  O  Q  I'C 


1944.]             Critie*  a^^d  Critkum  of  At  NiiuUtnth  CtrOury.                   IfiS 

'pkpon,  aooonte  tni  fall,  Mmeiimas  wnndftl  sod  "mon  contemptible  oom- 
wudito  and  profoandi  the  loaiiDer,  tempt"  on  other  true  poeia  and  manlj 
(lutcing,  rapid,  and  popular  in  the  taen  and  origiDal  thinkers  :  atill,  u  tbe 
h^fant  degree,  fntm  ^  etear  eKpOBition  Teprewotalive  of  a  very  large  claas  of 
amaitij  set  Uaxh,  lo  the  acnteat  logio  critics,  the  amall  critics,  par  txcetlenct, 
and  mott  brilliaDl  rbetorio.  We  be-  we  will  not  heeitate  to  draw  a  picteie 
lievB  the  history  of  the  setting  up  of  of  them,  which  may  indeed  eerre  as  a 
the  Edinburgh  Reriew  is  tolerably  well  sebstilute  Tor  that  of  the  cobbling  editor 
kBOwn,  from  the  prefkce  to  Sidney  of  the  Quailetly.  The  small  oritio  is 
Smith'aworks,  by  hinuelf  This  might  to  the  Irae,  indepeedeot,  thoroaghlf 
kare  been  a  little  more  eircumelantial  qaalilied  jadge  whit  the  minutt  philo- 
withoot  doing  anybody  serious  harm,  tepkeri  ate  to  Plato  and  Baeoe.  Ho 
It  was  characteristic  of  the  age  and  of  is  great  in  little  thinge,  and  eammoaly 
the  spirit  of  its  projectors.  All  of  them  litUe  Ip  great  things.  His  gen  Ids  is 
young  men,  not  long  remoTed  from  the  bent  on  inreMigatiug  trifles ;  in  correet- 
restraiots  ef  uniTcisity  discipline,  and  ing  errors  of  ptuctoation  or  orthogn- 
hil  of  spirit  and  oonfidenoe.  Host  of  phy,  riips  of  the  pen,  and,  in  a  word, 
"  '  '  '  erbal  errors  of  ^1  sorts.  He  is  proof 
)  irony  or  satire,  mistaking  both  for 
iMrodootion  to  poleroiea  and  criticism,  downright  condemnation  of  nitae  or 
by  its  general  tendenoy  to  render  the  approval  of  vice.  With  him,  a  homiljr 
iBtelleotaalfaculuesclear, active,  acnte  on  hypocriay  passes  for  a  scandal  on 
and  witty,  though  it  tends  too  mneh  religion,  between  which  two  he  makee 
towards  begetting  a  love  for  verbal  do  distination.  Poetry,  he  judges  in 
criticism  and  " wil-combata,"  rather  the  most  literal  manner  possible;  re- 
tban  porely  jest  appreciation  of  excel-  garding  solely  the  mechanical  part,ihe 
leoee  aod  honest  sympathy  with  it),  verse,  rbytbra,  pauses  sod  aceente. 
Jeffrey,  Scott,  Broogham,  Mackinloab.  He  ot^n  spoils  the  beauty  of  a  fine 
Soiilh,  we  beliere,  was  the  sole  parson  passage  because  he  cannot  see  thednli- 
anong  tbem.  Hazlitt,  Macanlay.  Car-  cacy  of  a  pictntesqae  epithet.  He 
lyle  and  Stephens,  the  most  brilliant  of  has  no  feeling  for  sentiment,  no  taste 
Ae  oontiibntors,  came  in  some  time  for  fanciful  extravagances,  which  ap- 
aflerwatds.  Of  these,  as  the  chiefs  of  pear  to  him  utterly  afasnrd.  Correet- 
this  new  school,  we  wilt  speak  present-  nees  and  clear  expression  are  the  very 
1*.  No  very  long  interval  elapsed  height  ef  his  ambition.  He  remaru 
(aboal  seven  years)  before  the  Quar-  how  many  lines  of  a  poem  end  with  ■ 
terly  was  established,  whose  editor,  monosyllable,  or  with  a  similar  termioa- 
Mr.  Giflford,  and  his  compeers  are  as  tion,  or  how  often  the  same  word  oe- 
well  known,  thongh  by  no  means  so  cnrs  in  the  same  sentence  or  paragraph, 
{avonbly,  as  their  Scotch  rivals.  Upon  He  pretends  to  be  skilful  in  metres  and 
the  charaoters  of  these  writers  we  shall  various  readings,  and.  indeed,  master 
•pend  little  lime  or  attention.  The  of  the  art  ef  poetry.  By  this  he  means 
perverse  malignity  and  narrowness  of  the  rules  of  Aristotle  and  Bossn  :  his 
the  first  editor  stamp  him  as  "  a  small  models  being  Pope  and  Boilean.  Ao- 
oritio"  in  every  sense  of  the  word,  cording  to  his  standard,  therefore,  Hay- 
Literally  and  with  jastice  might  he  lay  enrpaases  Wordsworth,  sndhisowD 
Iwve  been  considered,  in  the  language  heroic  couplets  are  saperior  to  Cols-- 
•f  the  old  proverb,  ne  mlor  ultra  ere-  ridge's  varied  mniio.  Of  the  source*. 
fidam.  This  old  crab-apple  was  a  eob-  of  poetry,  the  heart,  the  passions,  na- 
Uer  to  the  vary  latt — a  word-catcher,  tare  ;  of  ^e  masters  of  the  Divine 
«  dove-tailet  and  joiner  of  sentences,  Science,  he  ie  quite  ignorant.  He  may 
« literary  meohaoic.  Many  clever  com-  have  read  Shakspeare  and  Schiller, 
positors  and  proof-readers  would  have  bnt  he  can  never  peoetiate  into  their 
made  as  intelligent  [and  some  mote  so)  spirit.  His  nndentanding  is  purely 
editors  of  old  plays,  while  we  trnst  verbal,  ^d  below  the  surface  of  Un- 
done could  have  been  less  honest  and  guage,  into  its  bidden  meaning,  he  never 
■nprejndiced.  Yet  though  we  shall  descends.  Thus,  from  ignorance,  mi*- 
■ot  stop  to  analvae  his  pettinesses,  his  apprehension,  want  of  sympathy,  all 
litmalaeOT  aod  dull  malioe,  which  *erv-  inherent  defects  in  himself,  he  nus- 
ed  te  crush  one  of  the  noblest  spirits  judges  the  wisest  qiirits,  perverts  the 
lliat  ever  breathed,  and  heaped  vile  wisett  philMo^y,  seeks  to  dagtida 


Google 


IH  Critic*  and  Critieitm  aftht  Nmtltenlk  Ctntury.  (^'ff- 

the  fineit  imaffinatian — ^t  in  Tun  ;  it  ISienl  tone  of  mind  in  other  Teiii«en. 

i*  tn  idle  uu  to  etj,  "  he  will  Nwn  Yet  though  this  jonrnai  wis  and  is  ■!- 

bmk  <towD"— ''this  is  all  tnsh"—  wavs  well  fiUad  with  mgneabls  and 

**lhiswillDemdo,"&c.    Theaeegre-  olalKiTata  Hrticles,  Mill  it  baa  b>d  d» 

nwis  Uanden  are  soon  discoTerad.  genaiira  criuc  eonneeted  widi  it  eom- 

TlMHndloritioiadBligtiied  with  petty  parable  to  the  list  of  those  tkat  con- 

beaottea    and    tbe     minntaat    dotaila.  tiibnted  to  the  Edinbaigl.     Aa  evident 

Heaoe  some  of  the  most  emineDt  of  reason  for  tbe  infsrionty  of  tbe  writeis. 

thia  ttibe  tuTe  been  gnat  sdmirera  of  in  tbe  London  Qaarieilj  ms^t  be  fined 

tbe  Dntoh  sobsol  of  patatiiig,  of  tbe  in  the  yeij  nature  of  their  positioa. 

Dcnners,   Ostades,  and   Vsohaysnms.  They  were  partj  writers,  tbej  iniist 

Rather  than  praise,  however,  hs  Iotcs  defend  a  certain  sjEtem  at  all  hasaids, 

Still  more  to  oarp  at  petty  huka  ia  a  and  reject  the  olaimaof  all  who  did  not 

ffteat  man,  and  Ihioka  be  maiteB  a  fine  fight  andet  the  same  banner.     Iliey' 

disooTory  when  be  meets  with  a  trivisl  fimght  too  like  feudal  followan  for  % 
flaw.     He  looks,  as  it  ware,  throegh— master — not  like  freemen,  for  fteedeoi. 

an  invarted  telescope,  and  to  his  eye  They  often  contended  for  the  wtdi^, 

Ifrcat    objects    dimmlah.     He    makes  knowingly ;  and  baaca  not  only  pei~ 

eeat  things  appear  small,  and  the  little,  verted  theii  moral  sense,  which  inaen- 

w.  '  sibly  weaken*  the  intellect,  bot  ware 

(^igtoality  pnts  bim  ont ;  boldnMS,  ania  of  a  defhat.    For  nothing  can 

he  styles  eziraTBgaikce,  and  aofanow*  siUerly  withstand  Tnith  and  the  R^t 

ledges  none  bat  imitative  excelleDce.  — not  power,  nor  eloquence,  not  even 

All  invenlors  he  looks  nponaa  arrogant  genios.     Hence    we    find  the  fertils 


interiopers.    He  is  distrnsifDl  of  novel-    geoina  of  Sir  Walter,  the  lieh  aoqnisi- 
ty,  and  apmbends  failure  in  every  new    tions  and  deseriptive  powers  of — ''~ 
t  distinguish  be-    the  brightnesa  of  Many  oleve 


kT  apmben 
ae.    He   c 


twaen  freshness  of  feeling  and  affecta-  rebeked  by  tbe  nnening  decisions  of 

tian.    He  bos  a  horror  of  individoaliiy,  justice,  expoaed  aa  they  are  in  variosa 

andwiUnotallowtbeweightofpersonal  ways,    bnt    in    none    more    powerful 

impreBaions.     Strong  passion  he   so-  among    men,  than   by  Captain  Pen. 

oonnts  a  weak  prejudice,  and  tbe  ain-  The  old  maxim  was  reversed — Might 

cere  convictions  ofa  pore  spirit,  "  idola  did  not  make  Ri^t,  bat  Right  mibda 

of  tbe  care."    Indignation  at  meanoees  Hiobt, 

and  a  scorn  of  rascality,  he  saiimates  After  these  two   leading    Review* 

as  "whim-wbam  and  prejudice."  eame   others,  each  devotM  to- some 

As  be   is  a   trite   critic  and  stale  particular  cause,  or  whose  aim  was  di- 

theorist,  so  is  be  also  a  false  logician,  rected    to   soma    particular    purpos*. 

He  is  in  faot  a  mere  special  p^ader.  The    Westminster,   the   organ   of  th« 

-He  cavils  at  literal  ntiatakes,  and  dia-  Utilitarians  :  the  Retrospective,  of  tb« 

pstoslerma  lather  than  abetraot  troths:  Antiqoarian    sofacdara  :     the     British 

»  newMaper  Thomas  Aqnines,  or  tbe  Critic,  of  the  Chorebmea.     We  shall 

Itana   Scotos  of  a  Monthly.      Erudi-  not  attempt  to  present  a  biMory  of  pe- 

tioa  is  to  hira  a  great  bug-beat,— aa  riodical    litentuis ;    out  endeavor  ia 

fiMrfol  of  diseovering  his  ignorance,  he  rather  to  hit  off  a  series  of  portraits 

dM«s  net  diaecedit  the  claima  of  pe-  of  tbe  leading  regnlar  crittca,  not  of 

danlty.     His  Judgments  are  tradition-  the  reviewa  only,  to  whioh  we  shall  by 

Wtj  i    Us  opinions  heredilan.    "  He  no  means  restrict  onrsetves,  bnt  also 

tluaha  by  pro^  aid  tattles  by  rate ;"  of  the   magaitnes    and    newspapers, 

laada  everything,  and  faela  notking,  Wa  most,  in  consequence,  omit  sny 

Butte  learethis  episode, and  come  Girtber  mantton  of  particular  joarnala 

Barediteetlyinlatheheart  ofour  sob-  (we  have  not  enumerated  nae-thitd  of 

Jeot.    Thoagh  tbe  Qnarteriy  had  fat  die  first  daas,  even),  and  prooaed  at 

ita  first  editor,  a  moat  narrow,  conven-  omM  to  the  business  with  i^ich  we  sat 

tmisl,  carping  critic,  wilhonl  any  fed-  ont.^William  Hazliti  we  r^fard,  all 

bg  or  peteqition  for  anght  but  the  tUnga  otmaideted,  aa  the  first  of  th» 

Boi'dy  mechaiiical  part  of  bis  mechsn-  regdai  critios  in  this  nineteeBlh  cen- 

ml  art,  still  that  Review  baa  since  had  tory,  sarpaasad  by  several  in  aome  one- 

writen  fer  It  of  a  very  efficient  stamp,  particular  quality  or  ae^isition,  twt 

to  be  sure  of  the  ssme  political  school,  superior  to  litem  all,  in  general  force,              r 

(Mjndioes  and  all,  yet  men  of  a  more  ongin^ity  and  indepenuace.      With           0  \  C 


1844.]              Critia  and  CritieUm  of  the  NnuUenA  Catlmy.  IffT 

IcM     Beholuvh^    oonridsnUy    thut  eritie,  with   no  aoull  iafuaioii  of  (be 

Hont  or  Soutkej,  he  bu  more  aub-  poetie  cbaTactei.     Aaslyiic  JudgoieDt 

Manee  tban  either :  with  lest  of  Lamb's  (of  the  very  finest  and  rareat  kind)  and 

fineoeaaaadnothiDgof  hiasubilBhiunor,  poetic  ftney,  nuarally  ricb,  and  ran- 

he  has  a  widei  gmp  and  ahogelfaei  a  dwed  atiil  oiare  eapiooe  and  brillint 

jiMtre  manly    oast    of  iatelleet.    He  bj  the  goldeo  aasociationa  of  hia  UTs, 

baa  ien  H*eHne>a  and  men  amanoesB  earl;  intercoane  with  hoMmble  poMp 

thaa  JeSr^,  but  a  far  profoaoder  in-  and  a  moot  appteciaitTfl  aympatfaT  witk 

«ight  into  the  mjateriea  of  poeaj,  and  the  moater-pieoea  of  poesj.     Adaui»- 

^tfaieatlf  a    moie    genial  syiapathj  Ua  aa  a  genend  ciitie  on  books  lal 

with  cODUDflB  lifr.    Then,  too,  what  oien,  of  maDBeraand  cbanetAr,of  pU- 

freahnesa  in  all  bif  wriliiifs,  "  wild  wit,  loaophieal    s;ateDia    and    thMwiea    of 

aoTeatioB  erei  new  :"  for  allhoagh  he  taate  and  art,  jret  he  is  more  OTpedallf 

^iaclaiiDB  baTing  anj  imaginatioD,  he  the  genniiifl  critic  in  bit  hvorit*  wallu 

^eitainlj  poasesaed  oreative  talent  and  of  art    and  poesy ;    pcliiies  and  tlta 

fiae  ingeanitj.     Moat  of   hia  esaaya  Inie  titerUDie  of  real  life— the  dotnes- 

an,  as  baa  ieea  well  remarked,  "  ori-  tic  nov eli,  the  drama  and  the  batle* 

«iaal  cuattoDB,"  not  mere  bontiliea  or  leKrea.     We  shall  not  now  stop  to  eoD- 

aidaetis  theaea,  so  noeb  aa  a  new  illns-  inerate  in  detail  the  diaUDCtiTs  traits  «t 

tcmtiim  from  experience  and  obsem-  thii  master,  beyond  a  mere  maotiDD  of 

tioit  of  great  traths  colored  and  aet  off  his  roost  striking  qaalitie*  aa  a  writer, 

by  ail  the  brilliant  aids  of  eloqueoee,  Aa  a  deaoriptiTe  writer,  in  hia  beet 

faoey,  and  the  cboieeat  atrnwa  of  aecu-  paassgea  be   ranka  with    Barke   and 

lOBlatioii.     It   is   not  one  porpoae,  at  Honaasaa,  in  delineation  of  aentiiiMDli 

present,  to  draw  an  elaborate  portrait  and  ia  a  rich  rhetorical  7eio,  be  htm 

'Of  this  greu  oritie.     We  hare  Bnl-  whole  pages  worthy  of  Taylor  or  Loi4 

wer'e   and    Talfouid's    fine    critical  Baoon.  Thsre  is  notfaing  in  Uaoaolay, 

sketches  too   much  in  onr  eye    and  fiii    profbond    gorgeooa    deelamation, 

memory,  to  feel  qoite   sore  that  we  auperior  to  the  chRiracter  of  Coleridge, 

ahoald  not  unconacionsly  borrow  eriti-  or  of  Hilton,  or  of  Borke,  or  of  a 

cisma  so  well  thonght  and  finely  ex*  score  of  men  of  genius  whose  portraits 

preaaed  aa  the  oritieal  opinions  in  their  be  bas  painted   with  Ioto  and    with 


re^eetiTe  papers.  We  oan  only  pre-  power.  In  pare  crittcisni,  who  has 
«ent  a  faint  miniature  of  one  who  de-  done  so  much  for  the  noreliste,  the 
eervee  to  be  painted  in  the  same  bril-  essaviats,  writers  of  oomedy ;  for  the 
liant  Titian  hnea,  in  which  he  himself  old  dtafflatista  and  elder  poets  1  Lamb's 
-depicted  hia  early  friends,  the  idols  of  fine  notes  are  mere  notes—^oleridge's 
bis  jonthfiil  admiration.  As  a  literary  improvised  critioisms  are  merely  f^- 
oritie,  we  think  Haslitt  may  be  placed  mentary,  while  if  Hazliit  has  borrowed 
tmtker  among  the  independent  judges  their  opinions  in  aome  cases,  be  bas 
of  origioal  power,  than  among  the  made  much  more  of  them  than  they 
tniDedoriticBofedaeationand  acquire-  conid  have  done  Uiemselvea.  Cole- 
ments. .  He  relies  almost  entirely  on  ridge  was  a  poet:  Lamb, .a  ibeoriat. 
indiridiw]  impressions  and  personal  To  neither  of  these  eharaoteis  had 
feeling,  Ihua  giving  a  charm  to  his  Hazlitt  any  fair  pretension,  for  with  ^ 
wrinnge,  quite  apart  from,  and  indepen-  his  fancy  be  had  a  metiphysioal  under- 
coat of,  their  purely  oritical  excellen-  standing  (a  bad  ground  for  the  tender 
ces.  Though  he  baa  never  published  plant  of  poesy  to  flourish  in)  and  to 
an  antobii^ra^y,*  yet  all  of  hia  works  wit  and  humor  ha  laid  no  claim,  being 
are,  in  a  certain  sense,  confessions,  too  much  in  earnest  to  indulge  in 
Ha  ponra  out  bis  feelings  on  a  theme  pleasantly  and  jeetiog — though  be  has 
of  interest  to  him,  and  treats  the  im-  satirie  wit  at  will  and  the  very  kemeat 
f  okes  of  bis  heart  and  the  movements  sarcasm.  Many  of  hia  papers  are 
of  his  mind  as  historical  and  philoso-  prose  satires,  while  in  others  diere  ai* 
ftiicsl  data.  Thongh  ha  almost  inva-  to  be  fbund  eiqiisite  jeux  d'ttprit, 
riably  trnsts  himself,  be  is  almost  ss  delicate  banter  and  the  parest  inisl- 
invariably  in  the  right.  For,  as  soma  lectual  refinements  upon  works  of  wit 
are  bom  p6ets,  so  he  too  was  bom  a  and  humor.    In  all,  however,  th»critt- 

•  The  Liber  Anorii  can  hardly  be  called  aa  oveptton.    ij  gmzod  sy  CjOOQ  I C 


IM                  Cntic*  and  Crittam  «f  the  Niiultmth  Century.  Ikag. 

«kl  quality  predominaiea,  be  Ute  fann  in  Uie  EdiBbvrab)  wm  nthei  a.  criiis 

tlUt  of  eaasj,  criticism,  sketch,  bio-  of  philoeophic&T  ■jatems,  etpMiaUy  in 

graphj,  or  even  ttavela.  ethica  aod  politic!,  than  purely  a  erili* 

ToaccouDtfoTHaKliu'scomparative  of  lileratuis  or  of  the  cbonLCten  of 

onpopulatit;,  aever&I  eauaea   are   ob-  men.      Yet,   In   nooe  of  these  walks 

*ioas.    To  Bay  Qoihing  of  his  slrong  coold  he  be  cdled  oiigiaaL    Wiih  ili* 

political  and  personal  prsjudicea,  he  ia  native  acuteness  and  ioletleetual  tena>- 

oAen  too  fair  and  just  to  be  a  realoue  oitj  of  a  Scotchman,  he  had  alao  their 

puliaan,  and  ha*  hsnce  secured  no  po-  loye  for  acquisition  and   respect  for 

litical  party  of  admirera.   His  egoiiam,  acholarahip.     He  had  talent,  unqoaa- 

to  Bome   BO  offeasife,  iDasnuch  as  it  lionably,  and  very  cooaiderable  store* 

mortifies  their  own  weak  vaoily,  is  to  of  acquired  research.     In  the  hiatorj, 

DS  one  of  his  most  attracliye  qualities;  Dot  only  of  states  and  parties,  but  also 

at  least  it  implies  openness  and  strong  of  schools  and  opioiona,  he  waa  entirdj 

ayrapathies.     To  inapire  affection,  to  a  at  home.      Nor  was  he  less  familiBx 

certain   axtent  the  most  disinterested  with  the  writinga  of  tbeoriats  of  all 

man  ronst  be  a  self-Iorer.    Haw  or  ag«a  who  have  epeeulated  on  thedeep> 

why  elae  should  he  be  so  powerfully  est  qneatiens  of  politics]  or  of  mom 

^ected  by  ihe  tnoat  stirring  ineidenia  science.     He  was,  in  addition  to  all 

ofUfe  and  reality,  ifhehimaetf,  the  cen-  this,  an  acconiplished  general  scholar. 

tre  of  tiiat  i«al  world  (every  man  is  One  quality  he  posseased  in  perfectiant 

■neh  to  hinBelf ) — if  his  mind,  the  axis  a  liberal  loue  of  mind  and  a  fiuraeaa 

opon  which  all  taras  that  really  con-  of  judgment,  the  growth  of  a  natorally 

cema  him,  be  quit«  indifferent  to  all  benevolent,    comprehensive,    and  en- 

enrronndiDg  phenomena  >    Can  ho  be  lightened  intellect.     Pure  geoias  ha 

•aid  to  take  an  interest  in  anything  who  had  none,  and  consequently,  perhapsf 

does  not  lend  himself  to  the  illusions  of  he  relied  too  mach  on  mere  learning, 

Ufe!    To  express  sn  interest  in  any-  both  in  others  aa  well  as  in  fainuelf. 

thing,  ia  to  make  a  personal  revelation,  But,  excepting  thia  one  essential  defi- 

and  this  is  egotism — not  to  evlDOa  the  ctency  (a  very  great  one,  to  be  sure, 

highest  regard  for  oneself,  so  mnch  as  but  I7  no  meaua  to  be  implied  as  a 

todiaplay  tike  deep  feeling  one  may  en-  volonuiy  sin),  we  have  heard  of  n« 

teitain  for  any  person,  thing,  doctrine  Mher  defect,  intelleciual  or  moral,  of 

(w  dogma.  this  true  philosopher  and  philosophio 

Perhaps  the  unfortunate  state  of  his  critic,  but  that  upon  which    Sidney 

private    circumstances,    in    pecuniary  Smith  lays  some  stress  in   his  cele> 

mattera  as  well  as  in  his  domestic  rela-  brated  letter  to  the  son  of  Sir  James — 

tioDB — an  unfortunate  attachment,  the  a  defect  arising  from,  an  eioeas  of  li- 

rebuffs  of  half-friends,  the  ridicole  of  beratity,  that  ran  almost  into  laxity,  in 

contemptible  opponents,  no  less  than  an  his  favor^le  judgments  expressed  of 

irritable  temperament  and  an  organiza-  rather  doubtful  ehatactera,  and  of  opi< 

lion  partaking  more  largely  of  the  poet  nions  of  (at  least)  a  mixed  cbancteT. 

than  lbs  peasani,  ringly  and  united.  This  epicurean  tendency  to  generoaity 

should  serve  as  ample  apologies  for  the  in  criticism  might,  in  some  men,  risa 

occasional  wavwardness  of  the  writer  into  posilive  licentiousness,  but,  in  Sir 

and  the  impruaeoce  of  ^e  man.  Those  James  Mackintosh,  it  was  a  veoiid 

who  knew  Hazliit  best  spoke   most  error — the   fruit  of  benevolence  sod 

highly  of  him,  as  his  friends  Hunt  and  wisdom. 

Lsn^,  and  his  admirers,  Talfourd,  and  Mackintosh  wrote  largely  for   the 

Knoirtes  and  Bulwer.     The  influence  Review,  but  he  is  best  known  by  his 

of  the  critic,  too,  is  dearly  perceptible  dissertation  and  historv.     Dy  neither 


n  the  periodical  liieraiure  of  the  day.  (rf  these  is  he  to  be  fairly  judged,  sioca 
"'le  bnt  critics  now  living  in  England  the  last  is  a  fragment  and  the  first  s 
i  thia  country  belong,  emphatically,    sketch.     Both  of  these,  however,  are 


to  the  school  of  Hsaiitt.    Mr.Hoine  conceived  and  executed  in  a  most  pU- 

has  nnaoGoantably  omitted  tbe  portrait  losophical  spirit ;  though,  as  mere  eom- 

of  his  master  and  favorite  critic  m  his  positions,  we  do  not  rue  either  of  thcot 

late  gallery  of  portraits — an  omission  ss  equal  to  his  excellent  life  of  Sir 

which  we  may  attempt  to  sopply  in  a  Thomas  More,  which  has  always  ap- 

latDie  sketch. — Mackintosh  (to  relnrn  peared  to  ns  a  model  of  bios      *  ~ 

loUteeoniemporariesofthefiiMWTitera  Compaied  with   Haalilt,  Mac! 


^^oogle 


1644.]  Criliet  oMt  CriMiam  oflht  NintUtnih  Cenlvry.  IS» 

«u  &  mere  MlM»>ti«  man,  beaide  a  his  uigeniiitj,  bis  actiritjr,  hia  cQDQUf 
man  of  impatuve  seDina,  though  it  fence  of  arsumeat,  his  livelioeaa  of 
miut  not  "be  suppoeea  we  weald  depre-  illuslntlon,  he  ig  yet  a  Scotchman  all 
ciate  the  able  lawj^er  and  aagacioua  evet.  His  eaae,  plajfulneaa,  piquancy, 
Btaieamaa  while  we  confeas  hia  inferi-  are  equally  eharacteriaiic  aad  equally 
otity,  as  a  ntiter  and  literary  critic,  to  French  i  for,  aa  we  hare  stated,  the 
the  bold  and  biillLant,  bal  imprudent  criticism  of  the  last  eecturj  was  Aoglo- 
Uid  paiadpxicai,  author  of  "  Table  Gallic,  and  the  ehrewd  banister  cam- 
Talk  ^  aod  the  "  Plain  Speaker."  menced  writing  with  hia  principles  of 
Lord  Brougham  maybe  conaidered  criticism  already  aeitled,  some  of  whick 
as,  in  sotue  reapects,  the  rival,  and,  ia  be  Dever  loat  sight  of.  For  those  rea- 
another  point  of  view,  the  very  anti-  sona  Mr.  JeSrey  never  became  (£br  it 

Kdea,  of  Mackintosh.  Yet,  between  was  not  in  hia  nataie)  a  poetical  critic 
ih  there  ezialed  a  sufficient  Tesem-  of  any  authority,  for  aome  of  the  gieal- 
blance,  of  cirenmalances  and  pursuits,  eat  blunders  in  modem  criticiam,  with 
to  warrant  a  partial  parallel.  Both  regard  to  poets,  occurred  in  hia  own 
were  men  of  aludy,  hard-working  and  Review,  and  nnder  his  own  eye.  For 
active ;  both  general  students,  able  and  certain  of  these  egregious  mistakes  he 
.  busy  lawyers,  and  political  characters  is  birnself  persondly  rcsponaihie.  We 
of  eminence.  Here  the  likeness  ends  apeak  thus  moderately  of  hie  trealmeat 
— Brougbam  was  an  active,  Mackin-  of  Byron,  Wordsworth,  and  Iheir  com* 
toah  chiefly  a  apeculative,  reformer,  peers,  from  no  ill-judged  lemperaooe. 
The  fonnar  effected  the  most  practical  nut  a  sense  of  fairness.  For  although 
good  to  the  public,  while  the  latter  ia-  Jeffrey,  from  want  of  sympathy  and 
fased  a  better  spirit  into  all  with  whom  deficiency  of  imaginalion,  could  see  no- 
he  came  in  social  contact.  The  tern-  thinginByron, Wordsworth, Coleridge, 
per  of  Mackintosh  was  amiable  and  Lamb  and  Hunt,  still  it  was  &om  no 
moderate,  while  Brougham  ia  said  to  malicious  petveraion  of  the  truth,  from 
exhibit  all  the  virulence  of  hisaarcaatic  no  mean  deaire  to  depreciate  genius. 
venom.  Mackintosh  was  the  better  The  faolt  lay  in  the  lawyer,  not  in  iha 
writer  and  deeper  thinker:  firougbaia's  man;  in  proof  of  which,  take  noiic* 
bead  is  fillea  with  facts  in  natural  bow  warmly  he  praised  the  verses  of 
aeience  and  legal  reforms.  Yet  both  Grabbe  and  the  rliymea  of  Sir  Walter, 
have  done  Iheit  share — the  former  as  which  he  could  undeiaiaDd. 
Uiinker  and  writer,  the  latter  as  re-  Evidently,  Jeffrey  baa  little  of  th« 
former  and  politician.  The  friends  of  poet  in  him  ;  he  baa  wit,  logic,  acute- 
Sir  James  may  expatiate  more  gene-  nees,  a  sense  of  fairness,  a  hatred  (^ 
jaliy  on  the  private  virtues  of  the  man,  impoature,  a  manly  contempt  of  affeclft> 
while  the  admirers  of  Baron  Vaux  will  tion ;  be  is  a  clever  man — a  man  of 
point  to  his  public  lervices  and  untiring  bright  talent,  but  not  an  original  or  a 
efforts  in  behalf  of  the  public  good.  great  man.  He  prefers  Pope,  we 
Jeffrey  is  the  last  remaining  link  be-  should  suspect,  to  Pope's  maatera. 
twecn  the  old  and  tbe  present  school  of  Yet,  strangely,  in  hta  later  age,  he 
English  (or  Scotch)  criticiam— the  last  conceived  an  nnaocountable  fondneas 
of  the  band  that  started  the  Edinburgh  for  tbe  poetry  of  Keats,  a  writer,  one 
(Sidney  Smith,  though  living,  wa  be-  would  think,  quite  out  of  the  sphere  <k 
Ueve  has  long  since  ceased  to  write  for  his  literary  sytnpaihiea.  Educated  in 
it).  Like  his  early  coadjutors,  he  wsa  tbe  school  of  French  criticism,  a  claad- 
a  lawyer ;  and,  like  some  of  them,  en-  cal  scholar,  taught  to  regard  the  imita- 
joys  high  regard  and  an  elevated  poeii  tors  of  the  ancienta  aa  the  best  modern 
tion.  Unlike  the  two  writera  just  no-  writers,  it  ia  but  natural  that  Jeffrey 
ticed,  he  was  always  more  of  the  law-  ahoald  regard,  with  a  certain  faslidioua 
jex  tiian  the  statesman  ;  rather  ingeni-  apprehension,  the  rather  violent  oul- 
ooa  than  profound,  acute  rather  than  buraia  of  strong  genius  in  the  nine- 
comprehensive  ;  a  logician  rather  than  teenlb  century.  Probably,  induced  to 
a  pbUoaopher,  and  moreof  an  advoeate  believe  that  true  poetry  had  beooma 
than  a  judge.  He  defenda  rather  than  extinct  in  the  island  of  Great  Britain^ 
charges  home  ;  he  fights  in  the  ranks  he  considered  it  his  duty  to  put  down 
inatead  of  commanding  at  the  head  of  a  any  juvenile  attempts  towarda  reviving 
baltalioB.  He  cannot  cast  off  hia  nati-  it.  With  a  not  unjuai  dread  of  nefr  ^ 
Titj,  as  a  serpent  hia  skip.     With  all  repntationa,   boastful  and   iprenudiir«i(     OOoIc 


be  is  quite  st  borne.     With  his  e\eu,    of  only  the  acM   rem&rfcaUe — Leigli 


paaeed  with  eqnU  JuMiee  oa 
«  poet,  Landor,  and  the  Sao 
■^  L«nb.     But  fdt  the  Mon^y 


ISO                  Critict  and  Critieitm  ofiht  ffineUenth  Ctntiiry.  i^^- 

that,  for  the  time  being,  would  seek  tn  eriticU     iontnals,     tKe    RsriewB,     is 

dUplaee  the  great  DamsB  of  the  "  great  not  renncted  to  them,    aovoe  of  ttas 

heirs  of  memotj,"  be  wished  to  nip  finest  eritioal  writera  bsve  fitniiabed 

Id  the  bod  blossoms  that  be  honaatly  their    contributions    either    solelj    1« 

thoaght  would  oevei  be  likely  to  flowei  ni&gaciiwa,  or  else,  if  ther  have  writtea 

in  perfect  beauty.     This  wa  judge  to  toi  qoarteiiies,  they  are  Eiest  known  as 

be  the  seoret  of  his  iiarsh  ti«atineDt  ot  writers  in  raonibly  journals, 

genuine  poets ;  and,  iJl  cirennutaoces  In  this  class,  a  very  large  one,  of 

eonstdered,   he   is    not   witfasat    boom  critics  of  ereiy  grade,  from  the  ingeni- 

IdMible  apology.  one  snd  bright,  op  to  the  eloquent  and 

"  ■   Bubjeeta  of  prose  crhloisn    prafmmd.we  will "^ 

■X  home.     With  his  clear,  of  only  the  ao« 

^rewd,  professional  eye  he  detects,  at  Haut,  Haslitt,  Landor,  Lamb,  Bnlwer 

once,  so^isms,  absDrdities,  quackeries,  and  Talfonrd.     The  first  four  of  these 

of  all  sorts.     His  paper,  for  iostanctt,  names  sow  rank  among  classical  writ- 

on  pbisndogy, and  on  similar  eobJeetS)  ers,  i.e.,  writsrs  who  hare  gained  a 

fiimisbss  an  exorilent  example  of  his  psTnasent  and  enrtsble  position  in  a 

eomiuoa  sense  way  of  handlLng  the  walk    of  literature    worthy  of  their 

norelties  of  the  day.    Oh  !  for  a  simi-  powera.    Criticism  is  the  forte  par  cx- 

lar  SEposilion  from  his  entting  pen  of  etllence  of  them  all ;  for  although,  in 

the  abortiTS  projects  and  oruy  impos-  prose,  Hunt  is  alto  an  agreeable  narrt- 

tnrefl  of  the  day,  in  religion,  morale,  tor  and  s  sketcber,  with  fine  descriptiTe 

medicine,  and  politics.  tact,  still  he  has  written  more  in  the 

Activ)^,  acuteness,  and  a  certain  way  of  literary  ciitioitm  than  alniost 

•misble  l«mpeTof  mind,  seem  tous  the  anything  else.     Haslitt  wrote  in   all 

leading  ohsracteristtes  of  Jeffrey.   His  tbims,  yet  always  with   the  eritied 

^tdleci  is  lively  and  "  forgetiTe,"  yet  spirit  uppermost     A  similar  criticism 

no  leas  steady  and  indnttrions.     It  is  may  be  passed  with  eqoU  i    '' 

•aid  that  a  laige  proportion  of  the  arii-  the  prose  F     '    '      ' 

eles,  for  seretal  years,  came  ftem  his    homcrist,  L  _, 

own  pen.     We  beUere  that,  for  a  long  Magaaine  we  should,   probaUy,  hare 

period,hefnruishedabo<nhalftlismat^  bad  little  or  no  prose  from  Elia.     His 

ter  of  each  nnmber  of  the  ReTiew ;  yet  fine  laonbrBtions  would  bsTe  been  lost 

this    hard    work   (often   amoanting   to  in  a  long  reriew-article,  and  yet  ar« 

dradgery)  did  not  appear  to  blunt  his  too   substantial    for  nevspapei    para~ 

wit,  or  dull  his  foebn^  of  pleasarable  graphs.       Hailitt  wrote  in   reviews, 

•xeiteroent.    The  public  need  a  correct  magazines  and  newspapers.     His  best 

index  to  the  Edinburgh,  when  they  may  critical  powen  are  shown  in  bis  Lee- 

be  enabled  ts  estimate  the  force,  vita>-  tnres,  and,  next  to  those,  in  his  TsUs 

eity,  resoarces   and   ismper    of  this  Tilks ;  for  his  long  articles  are  almost 

pioQser  of  the  periodical  liteiatare  of  indistingnishable,  partly  because  not  his 

this  century.  beat,  since  written  hastily,  and  as  mneh 

Of  Carlyte,  Hacaolay  and  Stephens,  from  the  want  of  a  stamp  of  iodiTidn- 

of  whom  we  have   written   so   lately  alit^.     Bulwer  and  Tslfonrd,  as  palps^ 

( Jo]y  onmber  of  Demociatio  Reriew),  tde  imitators  of  Hazlitt,  demaud  no  par- 

we  shall  add  nMhing,  nolesa  we  place  tieolar  notiee. 

sfourthnameiooonJunetionwiththeirB,  The  newspapers,  also,   have  their 

tlntt  of  Uie  most  bnlliaal  writer  in  the  critics,  and  capital  ones,  too.     Haslitt 

British  Cri^  (disoontiniied  not  long  snd  Hunt  wrote  theatrical  notices  that 

unoe),  Pr^essor  8ewall.    There  is  a  are  sufficient,  had  they  written  nothing 

large  body  of  TsnTcleTer  reviewers  st  else,  to  hare  given  them  a  classio  re- 

tbia  moasnt  is  England,  Ir^asd  and  potation.    Foster,   of  the   £xamineT, 

SoMlaod,  wboss  names   bare    never  the  critic  of  itie  Spectator,  and  writers 

reaohad  as,  for  which  reason  we  must  b  the  Athenssum,  Atlas,  &e.,  approadi                   i 

be  sUent,  or  rstnm  only  general  thanks  them  quite  nearly.                                                   I 

and  DDdistingnisblng  praise,  when  we  At  the  onlset  we  promised  ndr  a 

would  inoline  l«  discriminate  the  excel-  passing  notice  of  criticism  on  die  Cfon- 

leoes  and  dwell  on  the  iDdividaal  merits  linsnt,  which    Bfaonld    be  more  fhBy 

«f  separate  writers.  treated  by  an  able  sobolar. 

The  eritieiBm  of  the  day,  thoBgh  it  (Temiany,tiiefbantain-faead,haspnK               , 

Ibda Us nostpioffiiiwMplueb purely  dnced  a  noUe  array  of  fine  orineS|,QQO   C 


1844.]  CrilicMiaid  Cribeiim  of  Ihe  NintUenth  Century.  161 

iBithetic,    hiatorioal  and    philosophia.  tnde  of  fine  thing!  io  thia  tub  atUtnpt 

Oa  the  general  principlea  and  tbeorj  »t  immortalitj. 

of  tule,  theiB  aie  Wiakieman  and  And,  now,  here  in  thus  glorions 
Lewing;  aod,  in  poetrj  and  art,  Wie-  UnitedSiatesofoara,  bon  fare*  iha  art 
land,  SchiUai  and  Goethd.  The  writer  of  oriticiam  !  But  weaki;  !  It  is  yet 
who  uaw-oamed  the  old  phitosopb;  of  a  veiy  tender  plant,  almoal  a  aenai- 
taste,  bj  the  mofe  aiiractive  title,  lire  plant.  With  abaodanoe  of  good 
<BBtbeticB,  Baumgarten,  we  believe  waa  writers,  nice  reasDnen,ingeniona  think- 
not  celebrated  for  machbeaide  hi^  talent  en,  we  have  little  reliable  oritioiam  on 
of  naming.  Io  luator?,  ihej  hare  the  the  whols.  Thsre  are,  to  be  aare,  eer- 
inorDUiidBateriiica,NiebuhrandSchloa-  tain  judieioat and  aome  graceful  writers 
aer  and  Heeren  and  MilUer.  Alwaya  DneritictamiaQdafewre^lyfineoritiea 
senaible,  ther  are  often  much  iDore.  aoatterad  np  and  down  tha  coontrj,  but 
What  a  model  of  a  oiitic  ia  Goethe,  the  no  concentered,  well-taught  pnblia  lite- 
prince  of  modern  aulhora !  No  dicta-  rarj  tribunal :  no  inaMer-oritie  or  hand 
lorial,  swanering  bully  :  no  word-  of  aasoeUted  roTiewan,  juil,  trae,  abis 
estehor,  no  EJ^yptian  taak-maater,  le-  and  learned. 

^ring  impoaaibilitiea,  and  condemning  ■  We    want    independenay,   honeMy, 

Keata  becauaa  he  ia  not  Milton,  and  temperance  and  learning ;   we  do  not 

Lowell  because  he  i(  not  Wordsworth,  wiah  the  erudition  of  commenlatora, 

No  padant,  though  a  moat  accurate  and  but  judgments  well  formed  by  being 

tborongh  aobolar;  a  poet  without  ex-  well  instructed.    The  cutae  of  paffing, 

traTBgance,  a  writer  of  sentiment  with-  of  paid  criticism,  haa  been  hot  too  rife ; 

out  weaknesa,  who  ntierly  diaearded  ana  thongh  we  havean  Emeraon  and  a 

hia  own  *'  Werther."     Equally  able  to  Dewey  in  philoaopby,  a  Bancroft  in  I 

appreciate  the  most  opposite  qualities  history,    and    the    whole    intallaetnd  I 

and  the  most  rarious    styles,  all  of  clergy  of  the  Unitarian  sect,  the  moat  ' 

which  he  coald  himself  so  admiiabiy  accomplished  and  scbolaatic  clergy,  wa 

ezemplify,  as  he  so  oftea  has  done.  believe,  in  the  world,  and  who  can  iiir- 

HappT  tha  Irae  author  who  fell  into  niah  a  dozen  as  able  critics  as  are  to 

hij)  bands ;  as  for  pretenders,  he  took  be  found  anywhere ;  thoagb  we  have, 

the  beet  way  with  them— paswd  them  here  and  tbere,  an  editor  who  really 

ailenlly  over.  doea  bis  work  fairly,  bare  and  there  * 

Among  the  historical  critica,  we  moat  retired  student  who  ofteriabea  delioaoy 

admire  Heeren,  whom   Mr.   Baacroft  of  taste  and  sound  Judgment,  yet,  take 

has  translated  with  each  cleamesa  and  the  body  of  writers  aod   readers  in 

fidelity.     He  is  all  he  professes  to  be,  the  country  (one  that  lives  on  periodical 

a  lucid,   methodical  critic  ;   bia  com-  literature),  and  see  how  little  true,  hon- 

pends  are  syllabuses  rather  than  abridg-  est,  aod    sincere  criticism    there  is. 

menta,  and,  as  we  think,  rightly  ;  for  it  While  npon  this  subject,  it  mav  do  no 

is  possible  to  indicate  the  periods  and  harm  to  eifwsss  ourselves  a  little  mors 

epochs  of  universal  ancient  and  modem  copiously  on  the  aubjaot  of  newspaper 

history  io  a  volume  or  two,  bat  quite  criuciam-    The  common  vice  of  news* 

useless  to  crowd  all  the  important  facts  paper  criticism  consists  in  its  eitra- 

of  history  into  that  short  space.  vagsnca  i  it  ia  either  a  eologinm  or  a 

la  France,  they  have  a  multitude  of  libsl,  both  dictated,  loo  ofteo,  by  por- 

critiee  among  the  feuilletonists;    hot  sonal  feeliogoflikeor  dislike — abusive 

only  one  literary  critic  is  known  aa  of  sr  complimanury.     If  an  author  is  a 

distinguished  merit,  Villemain,  and  he  Aivorite,  he  is  certain  to  be  overrated ; 

ia  a  literary  orator  rather  than  a  scho-  and,  even  where  this  arises  from  per- 

lastic  lecturer.      History  and  philoao-  sonal  affeolion,  it  is  plainly  wrong,  a--* 

-'■-  — — :i  the  most  brilliant  men,  the  '"  '*•■  '"^  *•"""  "•»  "hiMt  n(  iKa  . 


9  Gaizots,   Jooffroys,  aod    tie's  admiration,  for  it  inevitably  te 
'      ---  ^-        """^  "'■  !t  of  belong 


Si 

Thiertya,  with  a  host  beside.    A  body  to  depress  him.    Tbe  bet  of  belonging 

of  men,  bright,  learned,  showy,  yet  to  the  some  town,  having  graduated  at 

French  to,  the  core, — perhaps   more  the  same  college,  is  auScienr  to  pro- 

'   showy  than    solid.      Dootaa,  for  io-  cure  a  man  a  favorable  notice. 

stance,  represents  the  majority  of  then^      There  is  more  danger,  however,  in 

i   — brilli&nt,     paradoxical,    ingenious —  the  field  of  ceuaure.    When  one  cooai-       ^~-  i 

\  wriline  everything,  dramas,  talea,  tra-  dera  how  little  dispraise  arises  inimk      ^.jOOQIC 

I  Teii,  histories  ;    doing    nothing  in  a  sheer  ooBvietioD  of  the  writer's  deft-  O 

j  tfomplela  way,  yet  throwing  off  a  mslti-  cieaej,  Mtd  how  much  ^rtnga  from 

TOL.    ZV.— NO.    LXXir.  II 


193  Critict  imd  Critieum  of  tkt  NinBteenlk  Ctntury.  [Aug. 

piqoe  or  perMiul  dislike,  ot  » tmadred  pTeferred,  that  telli  the  plan  and  uoa- 
otlier  diUurbip^  causes  of  tnu,  it  is  tents  of  a  book,  without  pujung  ■& 
Tflrj  Iwrd  10  SBsigo  tbe  motivs  of  justice  opioion  Dpou  it,  or  thst  depicts  ths 
to  severil;  ia  ciiiicism.  class  to  which  the  toIdtds  beloaga  : 

Newspaper  criticism,  in  this  eoaotry  oi  discusses  ths  subject  of  it,  witbont 
at  teut,  aiKl  the  teodenaj  of  it  ia  the  referaaoe  to  the  author  himself.  Some- 
aame  abroad,  though  by  no  means  to  timea  it  is  sUowaUe  by  an  oblique  eom- 
the  Muoe  extent  or  in  au  equsi  degree,  plimont  to  hint  »  defeot :  though  thn 
owing  to  the  much  higher  conditiim  of  is  but  sji  evasiTS  edit  of  ccitioism  Wfl 
tia  pMsa  of  Europe,  discovers  ths  reiy  hare  little  Uk iog  for.  Intariabl  j,  / 
lowest  phitse  of  the  art  of  oiiiioiam.  however,  sincerity  and  fair  judgDMDt| 
It  is  indeed  a  per*  ersion  of  the  tenn  to  shonld  be  cherished  and  exercised,  else  t 
ajqtly  it  to  tbe  pstagrsphs  of  allernala  ciitieism  becomee  oomplimeat,  or  do-  | 
praise  and  blsme,  alike  iadiscriminatiDg  iceDda  into  satire-  The  eommoa  ideft 
and  ucaggeiued,  which  pass  under  of  honeat  criticiera  coincides  with  sa- 
ttat  name.  It  is  likewise  no  essj  tire  <»  aarcasm,  a  state  of  feeling  and 
matter  lo  criticise  a  class  of  writing,  public  judgment  that  caenet  be  too 
cmfined  and  brief  as  this  is,  in  a  pa^e  warmlv  deprecated.  Good  critics  are 
or  two;  yet  as  tbe  newspaper  critics  needee,  if  only  to  disabuae  the  public 
wre  a  elaaa  of  SQthars  desultory  and  mind  of  this  and  similar  osfiMmdedl 
various,  we  may  be  excused  for  a  se-    errors. 

lies  of  remarks  upon  tbem,  equally  The  trao  poutioo  <^  Ae  genuine 
general  and  disconnected.  critic  ia  net  yet  acquired.    Id  the  re- 

They  are  the  least  of  the  bduU  cri-  public  of  letter*,  he  sits  just  below  the 
tics ;  the  most  microscopic  of  the  mi-  poet.  Wanting  his  invention,  with 
nnte  philosophers :  their  judgments  are  less  imagination,  teaa  fancy,  he  is  still 
parely  Aragmentary  and  as  detached,  if  his  eqoal  in  honest  enthuaiasm  ;  in 
net  aa  de^  aa  the  maxima  of  the  old  independence,  perbapa  superior  j  in  a 
Gnomia  philosophers,  or  the  more  love  of  the  beautiful,  oidy  lower,  b«- 
laodetir  Orphic  (iranaoendenlal)  sa^-  cause  he  has  less  poetic  power ;  in  a 
ingSii — Criticism  is  an  art,  sad  has  its  reverence  for  the  good  ud  tmot  ft 
Tsles:  hence  even  criticism  itself  may  faithful  brother ;  of  an  aecnraie  per- 
te  eriucise^.  Brooght  to  a  close  in-  ception,  clear  jadgment,  and  yet  a 
.apecUon  aod  compared  with  high  lively  sensilHlity,  all  working  in  an 
Btandards,  we  know  not  bow  these  atmosphere  of  the  poreat  candor  and 
AriMarcfausns  and  ^oiluses  would  date  lUietalily,  the  critio  ia  the  advocate  of 
to  shaw  thenitelvM. .  Nor  indeed  the  poet,  the  exponent  at  tbe  filings 
should  they  cooit  a  oriiical  notice,  of  the  people  towarda  him,  the  middle- 
Perhaps  it  may  be  thought  unwise  and  man  between  tbe  two.  His  office  is 
UuMoeaaiy  to  devote  any  ccasidenble  judicial,  and  ahonld  be  held  in  respect, 
space  to  ephemera]  scribblers,  but  any  If  he  soar  not  so  bi^  aa  the  poet, 
ose  who  knows  the  va«  influence  the  if  his  anUwrity  be  leas  divine  than  that 
duly  preaa  exeita  upon  pnbUc  o^on,  of  the  moral  teacher  :  yet  it  is  a  nobis 
will  not  Uiink  a  little  eaiueat  re-  office  notwitb standing.  It  ia  his  pro- 
monstranee  against  the  vices  of  this  vince  to  administer,  in  the  first  place, 
kind  of  writing  (which  may  be  brought  impartial  jostioe,  and  to  extract  from 
toa  high  pilch  of  perfeoiion,  and  for  tbe  good  and  beautiful  and  noble  and 
that  reason  deserves  the  more  repre-  manly,  whatever  ia  excellent  and  tme : 
hension  beeaose  so  egregioaely  abnsed]  and  mercifolly  to  conceal  those  petty 
and  the  evita  it  occaaioas,  thrown  away  defects,  from  which  humanity  in  its 
ot  ill  judged.  Ugfaeat  forma  ia  not  exempt.    Equallr 

We  are  aware,  that  it  ia  thonght  wkh  this  generona  dnly— it  is  his  of- 
—tiete  to  remonstrate  against  the  fice— a  noat  ungrateful  task— to  atrip 
aboMS  of  critieiam:  in  time,  to  be  offthadiaguisesof  inpoBtnre,toreduoe 
sure, all  cornea  right,  but  meanwhileBn  the  bloated  awaggerer  to  bis  original 
honeat  man  and  a  good  writer  may  proportions,  and  utterly  to  discard  all 
suffer.  Extended  and  detailed  critical  those  patchea  of  an  and  diaguiaea  of 
aoslysis  cannot  of  course  be  expected  custom,  Uiat  would  endeavor  to  mska 
in  a  newspaper,  but  joalice,  diacrimi-  tbe  world  believe  ffenius  existed,  whsD 
nation  and  sympathy  should  enter  even    indeed  not  a  partiole  of  it  Wtt  t*  bo 

iaio  a  parajpaph.     It  may  be  thst    fonnd.  , 

nUiaUTe  or  deKripti»   oritioin.  k  u  gitizcd  byCOOgIC 


Tht  Draptr't  Davghttr. 


THE  DRAPER'S  DAUGHTER.— A  TALE.* 

I.— TSI  ADVWITttRU  OP  A  BIV. 

At  tlM  pniodof  the  mioarityof  Loaia  tide  oat  to  the  light  of  tlift  etrset  ba- 

Xm.  iitth«  old,  DHrow  and  obKure  DMihthe  pn>t«eling  flhed.   Attfae«ndr 

■tT«et  of  la  Tiiennderie,  not  hi  from  nae  a  winding  ataireue,  maauTe  and 

the  Hotel  de  Ville,  atood  a  much  fit-  old,  leading  to  the  npper  aloiiea  of  ths 

SLflnted  ahnp,  which  was  the  scene  of  home, 
e   prinoipal  oTCnta  of  this  hiatarjr.        Humble  u  ma^  aeem  th»  anaiig** 

The  house  was  of  that  antique  fitabion  menta  of  thia  ancient  ahop  in  eompari- 

saaal  with  the  middle  claasea  of  the  aon  with  the  magniBcentestaUiehiBNiia 

middle  ages,  with  ila  gabls  end  upon  of  onr  da;,  yet  ceitain  it  ia  that  about 

tlie  street,  the  second  fioor  projecting  the  jreai  1613  it  enjojed  a  woaderiol 

conaiderabty  orer,  while  on  tu  from  ran.     Nicholaa  PdiTeau,itapr<^rietori 

were  Tisible  the  ctoaaed  beama  com-  was  a  iiadeaman  of  the  old  Mjle,  op- 

piaing  the  f^me-woTk.   "nie  roof  waa  right,  honomble,  and  incapaUe  of  m- 

annnounted  with  leaden  apoata  which  ceiTiog  a  caatomer  ia  dte  qoalit;  of  * 

ia  rainy  weather  neveTfailad  to  showei  clcitb,orofoTerebaigingbiminitapTiatt, 

dewn  moat  liberal  lorrente  on  the  heads  Peraonally,  moreorei,  the  worthy  <1»- 

of  all  who  might  pus  beneath.     Foe  per  of  the  OnDd-Sainl>Martin  Muafi' 

protection  from  theae  inundations,  the  ed  to  the  aristocracy  of  the  hontgaoian, 

metcfaanta  of  thai  day  erected  broad  so  to  speak.     He  had  been  preaident 

wooden  abeds  in  fiont  of  their  shops,  of  ihe  guild  of  the  dnpera,  and  had  &g- 

On  the  top  of  the  hug^e  and  dilapidated  nred  in  that  capacity  at  the  eBtraaca  of 

Mrnctate  of  thia  kindin  the  pieaent  in-  Marie  de  Medicia  intoPaiia;  he  had 

•tanoe,  a  plate  of  iron  was  fixed,  at  a  eren  for  seTeral  years  filled  the  offios 

anitableheight,on  which  waarepreseat-  ef  ^chsTin  in  the  muiicipality  of  tha 

ed  a  knight  in  fbll  armor  dtciding  his  city,  which,  by  the  terms  of  the  ediot  </ 

I  cloak  with  a  half-naked  beggar ;  and  Henri  IH.  had  bestowed  npon  him  tba 

aronnd  this  magnilicent  piece  of  paint-  priTilege  of  oiAiiily,  ia  which  tba  good 

log  waa  written  in  large  characters :  man  secretly  cherished  no  little  pride, 

"  At  TBI  Gbaito^Siiht-Mabtik,  Nich-  thoagh  he  would  nerer  confese  it.    In 

da*  Poliveaa  veniU  Cloth  and  VeiesJ."  oonseqnence  of  tbeae  oiric  hooora,  his 

Such  waa  the  sign  in  all  its  antique  shop  was  the  resort  of  the  richest  loid> 

■iigpliciiy.  and  the  noblest  ladies.      The  street 

No  glazed  window  opposed  the  free  whs  oFlen  blocked  up  with  ihe  enU^ 

entrance  of  the  aii  into  the  shop  ;  two  aoned  coaches  of  duchesses,  the  males 

thick  oaken  shutters  folded  back  upon  of  prekles,  and  the  )enneta  of  gentle- 

Ae  outer  walla,  forming  s  hogs  yawn-  men  ;   a  legion  of  pages  and  laoken 

ing  opeeiog.     On  each  side  stood  little  grumbled  in  the  fool  depths  of  itSDHM; 

tahtea  of  antique   forms,  loaded   with  and  (he  neighbors  who  saw  all  tbesa 

pyramids  of  cloths  or  TsUets,  orer  the  sumptuous  equipages  stopping  at  the 

•afety  of   which,  from  the  perils  of  door  of  the  honest  draper  were  well 

thicTea  and  beggars,  an  apprentice  waa  nigh  bursting  with  jealousy, 
always  watching.   Beyond  thia  mora-        We  must,  howoTer,  confeaa  that  all 

Ue  scafiblding,  the  eve  penetrated  into  this  popularity  waa  not  entirely  due  M 

^  depths  of  the  shop,  the  walls  of  the  honorable  repute  eajoyed  by  ths 

whieh  were  corered  from  top  to  bottom  worthy  ez-^hevin,  and   the  anporin 

with  shekaa   loaded  with   pieces   of  quality  of  his  fabrics  of  silk  or  wool;  it 

meiotaaAdiie;  while  a  counter  extended  is  but  proper  to  allow  her  Jnet  propel* 

ita  whole  length,  for  the  display  of  the  tion  of^  thia  tide  of  custom  to  a  yonnc 

gooda, — though  it  was  so  darkwiihin  aod    pretty    personage,   MadeaioiieUs 

Uiat   the  wary  customer  was  rarely  Rosette  FoliTeau,  his  only  daugbtert 

willing  to  buy  without  bringing  the  sr-  who  usually  est  enthroned  lUta  a  qoeeb 

— GooqIc 

*Taried  aod  adapted  from  the  Ficnch  <rf'Elie  Bertbct.  '^ 


IM                                           Tht  Draper'^  Daughter.  [Aug. 

brtad  the  palsnml  eoonler.    Roaetta  to  the  bi]*i[ieu  oT  the  maiiiei|wli^,  be 

«•>  a  1)U|«  bninette,  with  sn  aroh  ind  had  neglected  hia   owd  ;  nor   had  tbs 

miaebieToaB    conDteDance,    and    fully  beaat ifi^  eyea  or  the  piett;  praule  of  Ro- 

«qnipped  with  all  tbooe  fasciDating  gra-  Kite  aTaited  to  preveot  ume  moat  dis- 

eea  BbU  peculiar  to  the  marehandei  of  aatroae  TariaLiooa  in  the  pricet  of  ailka 

Pari*.    Sbehad thatezactre&nementof  and  woollena.      MoieoTer,  the   grand 

eoqDctrj  which  stimnlBtes  and  Becnrea  folba  of  the  court  who  frequented  the 

its  object,  without  committing  the  fair  ^op  of  the  good  draper  weie  not  the 

onployer.    She  was  irresiBtible,  eape-  niost  punctual  CDaiomera  in  the  paj- 

ciuly  fortbe  men,  when  aha  would  ex-  ment  of  theii  bills  ;  and   it  was  eren 

hibit  to  advantage  the    color  or  the  said  that  Polivean  had  received  more 

quality  of  a  cloth  or  a  TeWet ;  and  the  than  one  rough  rebuff  for  having  been 

Tooog  BoUea  woold  come  from  the  a  little  too  preaaing  with  thia  one  or 

ntrtlieat  end  of  Paris  to  bay  tbe  mate*  that  one  amoog  hia  noble  cuatomera. 

rial  for  a  doaUel  choaeii  %  little  Ro-  Aiia  of  compassioD,  coantesances  of 

ante,  or  tbe  beautiful  Draper'a  Daughter,  hypoerilieal   aympadiy,  were  already 

It  was  all  the  fiishion  at  the  Lotirre  to  aeanmed  towarda  him  ;  and  aome  of  bia 

hate  made  one'a  pnrchaaea  from  her  ;  kind  and  charitable  friends  would  even 

and  the  nsnal  answer  of  a  petit-maitre,  go  so  far  as  to  bint  in  private  corners 

to  any  eriticiam  npon  the  tint  of  hia  that  the   poor  fchevin  might  aoon  find 

eloak,  was  that  he  bad  found  aothing  bimaelf  reduced  to  the  necessity  of 

finer  at  the  pretty  Poliveau'i.  bankruptcy  —  that  he   might   soon  be 

It  ia  scarcely  to  be  supposed  that  onr  compelled  to  pot  on  the  green  bonnet, 

sweet  little  Roeetta  was  not  somewhat  which  would  certainly  be  a  very  mel- 

toncbed  with  vanity  at  finding  heraelf  ancboly  event   for  the  corporation  oT 

M  bawilderingly  the  rage  ;  andthatthe  drapers  and  for  bis  friends,  &e.,  dec. 

tlHrag:ht  had  never  orossed  her  mind  of  One  aommer  morning,  before  the  uau- 

exeMngingher  cloth  hoodfoTone  of  vel-  al  hour  of  the  more  wealthy  customers, 

TCt,  as  uia  Baying  was, — in  otherwords,  Roseite  was  already  at  her  post  in  the 

of  maTryingsomeoneof  these  handsome  paternal  shop.  The  master  waa  abroad, 

yonng  lords  who  were  for  ever  flirting  and  the  daughter,  aided  by  the  two  ap- 

loand  ber,  and  aevetal  of  whom  loved  prentices,  who  kept  moving  abonl  her 

Iter  to  distraction.     But  whatever  levi-  with  a  very  busy  air,  undertook  to  aup- 

tj  or  vanity  there  might  he  in  her  com-  oly  hia  place  to  the  best  of  her  Utility, 

position,  Rosette  waa  at  heart  a  good  Mademoiselle  Poliveau  was  dressed  aa 

Siri,  and  repaid  the  adoration  of  her  old  a  simple  boorgeoise,  obeying  at  once 

Lthet  with    the    tenderest   affection,  the  rules  of  mixlesty  and  the  sumptuarT 

Nor  had  slander  ever  found  in  her  the  laws  yet  in  force ;  hut  her  attire,  thougn 

slightest  opening  in  which  to  bsten  its  excloaively  of  woollen  atuff,  bad  an  air 

envenomed  tooth  ;  and  all  tbe  Roe  de  of  neatness  and  elegance  that  any  fine 

la  Tixeranderie  waa  loud  in  ptaiae  of  dame  might  well  have  envied,  Shewaain 

her  virtooos  discretion.  her  usnsl  seat  behiud  one  of  the  show- 

Sneh  were  the  elements  of  snceess  caeca  which  obstructed  the  broad  en- 

df  the  establiahment  we  have  deacrib-  trance  of  the  shop ;  where  she  could 

ed,  which  had  been  in  the  Polivean  einde  the  too  eager  curiosity  of  the 

&niiily  for  two  oentoriea,  from  father  to  paaaer-bv,  with,  at  the  same  time,  am- 

•on, — ID  all  respeels,  both  without  and  pie  opportunity  to  indalge  her  own ; 

within,  tbe  same ;  except,  of  course,  in  for,  through  the  heaps  of  merchandice, 

tbe  poflaession  of  our  pretty  Rosette.  tbe  quick  and  mischteTous  eyes  of  tbe 

Unhappily  every  medal  has  ita  re-  little  watcher  could    observe  at  her 

veraed  side,  and  after  having  related  leisure  all  that  passed  io  the    street 

tke  eansea  of  the  rise  and  greatness  of  while  her  pretty  fingers  were  dexter- 

&e  house  of  Poliveau,  we  must  fain  to  onaly  knitting  an  ample  woollen  stock- 

altiide  to  the  sinister  rumors  that  were  ing  destined  for  a  gift  to  Master  Poli- 

■broad  of  ita  spftroaobing  decay,  at  veau  on  St.  Nicholas'a  day.     On  this 

iboot  the  period  at  which  ocr  narrative  particular  occasion  she  appeared  to  be 

eOBSBSiKes.     It  waa   whispered   that  watching  the  paaserB-hy  with  an  unn- 

dMMBbitionofPolivean  might  perhaps  sual  degree  of  attention.    Her  looks 

eaoae  his  fUL    While  die  echevio  had  ranged  eagerly  to  one  of  tbe  extremities 

derated  his  time  at  tlie  Hotel  de  Ville  of  the  street ;  and  aa  the  moraing  ad^ 


-Google 


1844.]                                      The  Draptr't  Daughter.  1*5 

'  TUMMd,  h«r  gBj  ud  ftpukling  coontcn-  her  two  poor  and  obacare  adoran,  tbej 

ance  beeune  clouded  with  an  ezptM'  had  conceived  a  conmioa  hatred  agaioat 

■ioD  of  unpBticnee  and  disappointment,  the  nobility. 

The  ezcraoidimr;  preoccapalion  of  Roseile'a  patience   waa  fsirlj   el- 

their  young  mistreaa  did  not  escape  the  hausted  when  the  chime  of  a  nei«h- 

eyea  of  the  two  apjnenlicea,  who  e*-  boring  church    struck  nine.     The  uit 

changed  glances  of  intelligence  aa  they  draper'a  daughter   let  fall  her   ball  of 

otweTTcd  her.    The  elder  of  the  two  worsted,  and  with  an  air  of  Texatioo,. 

was  a  tall  young  man  of  twsnty-fiTe,  perhaps  unconaciaualy,  monuured, 

whoae  doablet  and  hose,  thoagh  of  aioi-  "  Moo  Dien  !  he  will  never  come  I" 

Ele  brown  cloth,  were  always  of  tbn  "Courage,mademoiBellB!"BaidGile8 
Lteat  cut,  and  whoae  perruque  was  a)-  Ponaelot,  who  had  been  hovering  near 
Taya  curled  with  a  peculiar  nicety,  her,  and  now  sprang  forward  to 
He  waa  aclire,  intelligent,  and  posaesa-  pick  up  the  ball.  "  Cotbleu !  yoD  nead 
ed  of  insinuating  mannera  which  made  not  be  so  alarnied.  Tl>e  maater  cannot 
him  Tery  popular  with  the  onalomera.  be  much  longer  gone,  and  we  nnitt  hope 
OilcB  Ponselot — anch  waa  the  sppren-  that  be  will  retnm  with  the  ten  thon- 
tice's  name — was  aaid  moieover  lo  be  sand  crowns  made  np  which  he  has  to 
a  prond  fellow,  with  ideas  above  his  pay  to-morrow  nnorning  at  thia  boai  to 
biisiaeaa,  which  had  drawn  down  many  that  outrageous  usurer,  Jaeomcny." 
a  lecture  opon  his  head  fiom  Master  Rosette  looked  at  him  abstractedly, 
PoliTeaa.  There  were  people  who  aa  if  she  had  not  understood  the  mean- 
even  declared  that  on  Sundays,  when  ingof  his  words  ;  she  then  resinned  her 
the  shop  was  shnt,  Giles  used  to  dress  work,  sayiog  in  a  csreleaa  tone  : 
np  aa  a  csTalier,  with  plumed  hat  and  "  Yes,  yea.  Master  Giles,  I  am  not 
eword  on  thigh,  and  play  the  gentle-  uneasy — all  that  will  be  esaily  arranged, 
man  at  the  Que  en 'a- Court,  in  tbe  neigh-  I  am  snre." 

borhood  of  the  Louvre  ;  but  this  waa  The  apprentice  in  bin  turn  looked  al 

a  matter  too  serioua  to  be  credited  on  ber  with  aurprise,     "  What,  demoi- 

alight  evidence,  and  his  master  bad  not  aelle,"  he  asked  in  a  lower  voice,  "ue 

yet  sifked  it  to  the  bottom.  yon  not  aware  that  if  that  torn  ia  not 

Tbe  other  apprentice,  by  way  of  paid  to  Jacomeay  before  noon  to-mof- 

GOntraat,  waa  abort,  thick,  heavy,  and    row,  we  most indeed  I  dare  not 

taciturn ;  as  careless  in  his  attire  aa  his  say  what  would  happen  to  ns  all  1" 

colleague  was  particular.    Goillaume  Rosette  made  a  pretty  little  face  of 

Leronx  ipoke  but  rarely,  and  then  very  aaucy  impatience.    "  Go  to  yonr  work, 

laconically ;  bat  he  was  a  man  of  ac-  Master  Giles,"  she  said,  rather  imperi- 

tion,  and  at  the  firat  provocation  be  ouslv  i  "  you  ate  as  melancholy  aa  a 

would  fall  upon  hia  adversary,  with  an  knell.     One   would   suppose,  to  hear 

enormons  pair  of  fiats  which  would  you,  that  the  shop  of  the  Grand  St. 

have  felled  an  ox.  Martin  ia  to  be  abut  up  to-morrow,  and 

Such  as  they  were,  the  two  yonng  that  my  father  has  already  all  the  bai- 

men  worked  adminU>!y  together ;  there  liffs  and  ofiicera  of  tbe  Chatelet  at  bis 

ma  a  aort  of  partnerahip  between  them,  heels.    Go  to  your  work  ;  tbie  ia  Uie 

to  which  the  one  contribnled  bis  intel-  hoar  of  business,  and  the  eostomen 

ligence    and   the   other   his   muscular  will  soon  be  here." 

Rtrenglb.    They  were  nnited  moreover  "  I  did  not  mean  to  offend,  demoi- 

hv  the  instinct  of  a  common  aentiraent.  selle,"  aaid  he,  with  deference  ;  "  and 

£ach  in  secret,  and  aflerhis  own  fsah-  aitice  it  ia  not  the  absence  of    the 

ion,   loved  hia    yonng   mistress,  and  maater  that   causes   your  tuieaaineaa 

■  thia  sentiment  which  might  naturally    " 

have  diena^  them,  had  only  served  "  And  why  should  my  father'a  ab- 

lo    draw  them    the    closer  together,  senee  disquiet  me  more  to-day   than 

Seeing  Rosette  always  surrounded  by  any  other  ia.j  1"  said  Rosette,  with 

young  and  g&.llaDt  lorda  of  the  court,  her  tone  of  mingled  levity  and  impa- 

wbo  exercised  the  right  of  saying  to  tience.      "  He  has  gone  to  ask  for 

ber,   lightlv  and    laughingly,  all  that  money  from  some  of  our  rich  debtora, 

neither  of  tnem  dared  to  utter,  and  con-  and  he  will  no  doubt  bring  back  pre- 

vioced  that  their  fair  mistress,  with  her  seolly  more  than  he  baa  any  need  of. 

Bead  turned  by  these  brilliant  coxcombs,  Monsieur  le  Marshal  alone  owes,  fn 

would  never  deign  to  cast  a  glance  on  himself  and  hia  honsehold,  nore  tku  .  -.               f 

LrOOglf 


IM                                      Tb  Draptr't  Daughter.  [Aug. 

Ihrw  thoiimid  erownB,  and  the  Dneh-  of  the  abop  turned  the  cbdm  of  the 

ets  da  Liche "  ttnhapp;  affljciion  which  hw)  ledoced 

"It  ia  not  on  Aese  great  lorda  and  bira  to  thU  atate.     From  one  of  lu» 

noble  iKdiea  that  the  naatei  moat  rely  niinieroaa  eaialea  in  the  country,  he 

fbr  the  repayment  of  Jaeomeny,"  cried  had  yeiterdiy  leeeived  the  inielUgenee 

the  apprentice,  with  bitteinesB.    "  No,  of  the  death  of  a  farorite  tame  deer, 

ne,  doDot  belieye  it,  demoiaelle!  For-  Diane,  of  which  he  had  been  fond  to 

tnnately  1  know  that  he  means  to  call  dietroction !  and  the  purpoie  for  which 

alao  OS  he  pasBes,  on    hia    comrade  he  liad  now  come,  was  to  purcbaae  a 

Oaiidillet,thefiitdTaper of IbeRue  6o'  hundred  yards  of  black  cloth,  to  pot 

n^ietat,  and  that  is  what  reassures  me."  his  hoDsehold  in  due  moumino'  on  tha 

PoBMlot  sighed,  and  reaumed  hia  melancholy    occasion — all    which    h9 

mmk  in  aBaDcei  at  the  other  end  of  the  mast  have  of  the  richest  and  costlieat. 

abop.      As   for   Rosette,   she   seemed  On  learning  that  the  maelet  was  ab- 

tmmediately  to  forget  this  conversation,  sent,  he  expressed  some  vexation  at 

which  donbtless  had  not  entirely  di~  the  necessity  of  his    returning,    bat 

verted  her  from  her  dominant  thought,  Rosette   hastened  to  assure  bioi  that 

and    ahe  continned   to    east   fattive  that  c iron m stance  was  immaterial,  aid 


glances  along  the  street,  etill  plying  Uiat  if  he  would  have  the  kiodneaa  te 

her  needles  as  dexteronsly  as  before,  make  bis  selection  of  the  elufb,  all 

A  few  moments  elapsed.     Suddenly  that  he  needed  should  be  sent  withont 

the  maiden  started,  and  leaning  towards  delay,  to  the  hotel  he  shonld  designate, 

the  door,  as  if  to  have  a  better  view  of  The   connt   very  gallantly  and  graei- 

amoe  one  approaching,  ahe  mnrmured  ously  left  the  selection  to  the  pretty 

imndihly  : — "  Here  he  is  at  last !"  mistress  of  the  shop,  who   expressed 

But  presently  aha   resnmed   aloud,  her  hope  that  she  might  be  able  I( 


the  Coont  de  Mante,  that  lord  who  is    hy  a  sign,   to  bring  forth  the  deaired 


'a  followed  by  a  regiment  of  pages    commodities.    With  a  considerate  r 


Men 


with  s  tone  of  impatience,  **  No,  it's  tiafy  him,  and  directed  the  apprentieea 
■    Manfe.tf .,,.,...    ,.  =  .. 

mya  followed  by  a  re^  ,  „ 

>nd  lackeye.    Come,  messieurs,  pre-  gard  to  ber  convenience,  he  said  that 

rooeive  him a  oiiair  for  as  he  wanted  it  that  very  day,  he  would 

r  Uie  Count."  aeud  some  of  hia  people  witiEdn  a  eanp}tt 

"He   ia  coming,  perhaps,  to  bring  of  hours  tu  carryit  home, 

the  hundred  and  thir^r  lirrea  for  the  At  the  moment  when   the    yonoe 

pieee  of  velvet  which  he  took   six  maiden  was  about  to  accept  with  gtati- 

BHmtha    ago,"    said    the    incorrigible  tude  this  kind  offer,  Giles  Ponseiol 

Giles,  with  a  look  to  his  mistress.  started  forward  to  the  front,  and  said  to 

The  personage  who  now  entered,  ber  with  an  unusual  vivacity  : 

leaning  on  theBnouIders  of  a  secretary  "Take  esre.  Rosette,  what  yon  pee- 

and  a  valet,  and  followed  by  several  mise!" 

laekeys,  wae  a  mau  of  from  forty  to  "  Whatdoyoamean, Master  Otles!" 

forty-five,  well  made,  though  a  little  "  I  have  positive  knowledge.  Hat 

indined  to  obesity,  with  a  complexion    this  fine  lord  is  a " 

•till  fresh,  and  a  well  waxed  moustache  "  What  doea  this  fellow  meu  \"  aud 

Sit  entirely  free  from  tinge  of  grey,  the  count  insolently,  and  without  tnm- 

s  was  attired  in  idl  the  elegance  of  ing  his  bead  towards  the  young  appreft- 

an  aoeompKahed  coartier ;  while  st  bis  tice  ;  "  and  why  does  he  intrude  bin- 

aide  was  snapended  a  large  duelling  self  upon  our  conversation!" 

nroid,  and  long  golden  apura  jingled  "  I  say,"  resumed  the  young  mUt 

•tbiabeela,thuagfahehadcomeonf(>ot.  growing  pale  with  rage,  "that  a  prv- 

Tba  Connt  de  Manle  was  plunged  in  dent  person  ought  to  hesitate  befoi« 

1'  state  of  dejection  so  extreme,  thst  giving  credit  for  a  hundred  yards  of 

aflar  being  ^posited  in  the  buteuil  cloth,  to  an  hsbitaal  frequenter  of  tba 

prepared  for  his  accommodation,  it  was  gamblius  house  of  the  Golden  Applet 

•onw  time  before  he  recovered  bis  eon-  espeeialTy  when  he  has  been  seen  to 

•ekmneas  of  where  he  was,  suffici-  play  with  loaded  dice  !" 

vnlly  to  address  to  onr  pretty  little  A  flash  of  angry  surprise  shot  fnm 

friend  any  of  the  customary  eompli-  the  countenance  of  the  Count  de  Blanle; 

ments  of  which  his  speech  was  usually  his  fellows  had  their  eyes  on  him  to 

lavUi.      In  the   meantime  it  was  only  divine   his   thought,   and  to  obey  bis 

froin  Us  atteadaata  that  the  inmatea  least  ugnal.    On  the  other  hand,  Gileft 


gle 


1844.1  Tht  Drap^r'M  Daughter.  U1 


I  br  >  sign  Iiii  friend  a  ciedit  u  »  hundred  jtxdM  of  cloA  to 
OnillkDnw,  who  plseed'  bimself  by  bia  an  iatrif[uing  swindler.  Suck  ft  lots  M 
Mde,  ktmed  with  his  formidable  abeara.  this  momeat  would  be  fatal  to  ooi 
But  the  count,  after  outing  a  keen  and    good  master." 

aerutiniEingelanse  upon  the  apprentice,  What  might  have  been  ibc  iasue  of 
oaat  biiaself  back  upoa  the  faulenil,  this  eitraordinarj  ecene,  we  caoDOt 
and  baTBt  into  a  loud  fit  of  laughter.  tell.     In  esireme  diatresa  and  perplex- 

"Tlte-Diea!"  be  exclaimed ;"  here  i]^.  Rosette,  who  had  often  seen  tho 
iaa  fban;  fellow,  to  be  sure  '.  I  would  Count  da  Manle  on  afootiax  of  perfect 
aweai  tbat  tbe  beggar  dreacas  bimself  equalitv  in  the  companj  of  the  moat 
up  Bometime*  aa  a  gentleman,  and  goes  honorable  peraoDS,  waa  tarning  faet 
to  risk  hU  pistale  at  the  Golden  Ap-    ejea  frequently  into  the  street  during' 

51e,like  amauof  qoalitjr.  And  now  I  this  harangue,  aa  if  ahe  expected  to  mo 
0  remember,"  he  continued,  with  re-  her  father  make  his  appearanoe,  who 
-doubled  laughter  snd  mockery,  "thia  alone  was  competent  to  all  tho  diffi- 
is  the  floe  caratier  I  plumed  la«t  Sun-  cnlties  of  the  case. 
day ;  and  with  all  his  airs  I  suapeoted  At  this  moment  a  new  peraonage  ap- 
ke  was  no  gentleman,  if  only  from  the  peared  en  the  ibreahold  of  the  door, 
tie  of  his  ruff,  and  the  way  he  would  and  Rosette  started  quickly  up  with,  a 
entangle  his  sword  between  his  legs —  slight  cry  of  surprise  and  Joy.  Uei 
Fardien  !  Uiis  will  be  a  capital  Joke  to  eyea  shone  with  a  heightened  brilU- 
teU  !"  ancy, — and  yet  it  waa  not  her  fathra 

"  Is  this  true.  Master  Giles  1"  said  who  caused  ner  ao  liTcjy  a  sensation. 
Bosette,  with  severity.  "  Hare  you  The  new  oomer  was  a  young  cava- 
teally  dared  to  slip  yourself  in  among    lier  of  seventeen  or  Eighteen  at  the 

gentlemen,  and "  outside,  whose  upper  lip  was  barriy 

"  Well,  then,  yes,  demoiselle,"  re-  shadowed  by  a  naseent  moustache,  and 
plied  the  apprentice,  with  a  courageous  whose  bine  eye  had  a  charming  sweet- 
«Sbrt,  and  raising  himself  erect  "  I  neas  of  expression.  He  waa  dressed 
eonfeas  it,  a  foolish  curiosity  and  de-  with  as  much  richness  as  the  Count 
eire  to  catch  the  tone  and  manners  of  de  Manle,  but  with  better  taate,  bd- 
these  people  of  quality  whom  yon  tirety  free  from  the  ridiculous  affecta- 
ftncy  so  much,  have  led  me  two  or  lion  of  the  fashion  of  the  day.  Ha 
three  times  to  an  ordinary  said  to  be  therefore  wore  no  perruque,  and  his 
frequented  by  the  young  lords  of  the  beautiful  light  hair  ftll  in  long  ringlets 
-eoart.  You  will  tell  the  master,  and  upon  hie  shoulders.  His  satin  doublet 
I  know  that  I  shall  be  expelled  with  and  bis  base  were  of  excellent  style, 
disgrace  &om  the  shop,  but  I  prefer  to  and  his  cloak  of  velvet  embroidered 
reoeive  the  treatment  1  merit,  to  allow-  with  gold,  hung  loosely  over  his 
ing  the  good  master,  whose  bread  I  left  shoulder,  vrith  a  light  and  gracefbl 
have  eaten  for  five  years,  to  be  the  effect.  Notwithstanding  hia  eitrema 
dupe  of  a  swindler.  I  therefore  de-  youth  and  hia  timidity,  he  aifeoted  a 
elare  that  thia  gentleman,  with  all  hia  pretty  little  air  of  aristocratic  imperti- 
ffrand  airs,  is  well  known  at  the  Golden  nence,  which  became  him  delightfully, 
Apple  as  a  blackleg  well  skilled  ia  all  and  he  made  the  lackeys  of  the  oount, 
the  tricks  of  cheating.  I  learned  these  who  were  aboot  the  door,  withdraw  to 
.details  from  a  poor  devil  who  had  been  give  him  room,  with  a  haughty  geaton 
a  witness  to  my  mishap  under  his  worthy  of  a  man  long  accustomed  to 
hands,  and  who  bad  before  been  a    command. 

similar  victim  to  this  fine  gantlemaa's  His  looks  were  first  directed  to 
dexterity.  He  told  me  loo,  that  though  Roaette,  who  blushed,  and  lowered  bet 
Iw  did  associate  with  some  persons  of  eves.  The  elegsnt  youth  raised  bis 
zeal  distinction,  the  Count  da  Manle  plumed  bat,  and  bent  gracefully  before 
was  suspected  of  living  on  the  profits  ter,  and  without  even  peroeiviog  tba 
of  bis  gaunbling — that  no  one  knew  any-  presence  of  other  persona,  waa  about 
tbiog  of  hie  lands  or  revenues,  nor  for  to  addreashis  salutations  to  her,  whani 
most  of  the  time  of  bie  dwelling  place,  euddenly,  the  Count  de  Haole  rose 
He  told  me  loo,  that  bis  pretended    from  his  seat,  and  hastened  towards 

Tsleta  ■ ■  but  I  hold  my  tongue,    him  with  open  arras. 

Yon  know  enough  now  to  look  twice  "  Ah  !  by  rar  f^ith,  it  is  thai  deai 
before  yoa  leap,  into  giving  so  lai^ge   Marquis  de  ViUeoegre!"  lie  exeUimad  ^—  i 

LrOOglC 


Ita  TA«  Dnpet't  Daughter.  [Aog. 

widi  an  axag^rated  Joj'.    "  Upoit  1117  tsken  the  yaao^  marqaia  by  the  hand, 

lift,  I  must  ii^ead  embiaee  jron !"  and    placed    him  faca    to    face    with 

The  Marquis  de  Yillen^gre  did  not  the  blnshing  maiden,  nhose  confusion 

tnanifeat  an;  extraordinaiv  pteaaare  in  vu  vaatl;  incieaaed  bj  this  impudent 

tbe  meetiBg,  aa  aoon  as  ne  perceived  act), — "  look  at  that  beaDtifnl  face,"  he 

who  his  friend  vraa.     However,  he  put  exclaimed,  painting  to   the  noble  and 

a  good  bee  on  tbe  matter,  and  tbongh  pure  brow  of  the  yonth ;  "  look  at  those 

easting  a  gluice  of  regret  towards  Ro-  eyes  gleaming  like  diamonds,  that  com- 

settn,  he  yielded  to  the  importunate  plexion  of  lilies  and  tosec,  that  prettjr 

eivilities  of  the  Coant  de  Manle.  moustache,  and  tell  me,  I  piay  yoa, 

"^  And  what  have  you  been  doing  with  have  you  ever  seen  a  more  cl^rming 

Jonrself  for  this  age!"  retaining  the  cavalier  1" 
and  of  the  yonng  man  who  was  greatly       This  absurd  interrogation  completed 

embaTraasad    by   his    demonstratioDs.  tbe  confbsion  with   which  the  yoong 

"And  that  dear  Duke  de  Vilten^gre,  people  were  overwhelmed. 
yotiT  ftther,  and  that  best  of  duchesses,        "My  lord,"  at  last  Rosette  stam- 

youT  mother,  how  are  they  >    Are  not  meied  out,  twisting  a  coiner  of  het 

they  going  to  die  pretty  soon  and  leave  apron,  "without  wishing  to  deny  the 

yon  that  cbannifig  dnchy  of  Villen^gre,  merits  of  Monsieur  the  Marquis,  you 

where  they  say  there  is  such  capital  know  it  does  not  belong  to  a  yonng 

hunting  1    You  are  never  to  be  seen  maiden  like  me  to " 

DOW  either  in  the  cabinet  of  the  King,        "  But  that  is  all  nothiug  yet,"  re- 

nor    at    the    Queen's-Conrt,  nor   at  somed  the  imperturbable  panegyriat ; 

church  ;  and  pity  it  is,  for  you  are  just  "  my  dearest  of   friends,  Villeuigre, 

made  to  make  yoor  way  with  the  wo-  lias  moreover  wit,  birth,  and  they  say 

men.    Ill  bet  a  hundred  pistoles  you  the  ducby  he  is  one  day  to  have  is  weU 

are  in  love  \"  worth  a   hundred    thousand    crowns. 

"Hie  marquia  blushed  end  hung  his  And  then,  too,  he  is  brave,  a  gallant 

head,  while  tiis  blush  was  reflected  from  player,  and  all  the  ladies  of  the  coart ' 

the  face  of  Rosette.    The  count  was  would  be  mad  with  love  of  him  if  he 

quick  to  perceive  such  a  aymptom,  and  would  but  deign  to  cast  on  them  one 

asifenjoyingtheir  confusion,  proceeded  single  little  glance  of  compaarion.     So  . 

in  a  tone  of  raillery  :  tell  me,  now,  ought  not  the  misohicvous 

"  I  have  taken  a  fancy,  marquis,  that  little  puss  who  ia  tormenting  him,  to  be 

it  ia  not  with  any  great  lady  yon  are  in  proud  of  having  so  accomplished  a  gal- 

love,  bnt  some  sweet,  fresh,  delicious,  iant  1" 

little  bourgeoise — that  is  the  way  we         "Metcy,mercy,mydearDeManlel*' 

always  begin.    Ah,"  he  continaed,  in  exclaimed  the  marquis  ;  "  do  you  not 

reply  to  the  young  man's  disclaimer,  see  that  you  put  mademoiselle  to  the 

"you  mean  to  play  the  discreet,  eh  1  torture,  in  attempting  to  force  upon  her 

All  right,  all  right,  my  young  friend,  an  esteemformypeisonwhichabedoes 

It's  my  own  way  too.     But  tell  me,  eh,  not  entertain  V 
does  tne  beaoty  share  your  flame  V*  "  Monsieur  the  marquis  cannot  snp- 

"  Indeed,"  said  Villenegre,  forget-  pose—"  timidly  interposed  poor  Ro- 

ting  himself  perhaps,  and  casting  a  se-  setie. 

erst  side  glanee  at  Rosette,  "  for  two       "  I  bet  at  least,"  resumed  the  count 

naonlhs  I  have  not  been  able  to  obtain  with  his  imperturbable  sang-froid,  "that 

the  favor  of  a  word  with  her  without  Mademoiselle  Rosette,  Beveie  and  fe- 

witnesses."  rocious  as  she  may  be,  cannot  help 

The  count  burnt  into  a  fresh  eiplo-  approving  one  thing  done  by  my  young 

aionofhiDghteT,  till  the  marquis  scarce-  friend  here.    Afewdaysago,  Polaatron 

ly  bnew  wtiether  to  participate  in  his  had  said  at  table  that  the  marquis  was 

mirth  or  to  resent  it.  in  love  with  a  little  bourgeuise,  and 

''Ob,(hefa«iHMia^ladin  of  the  Round  that  she  had  accepted  him  far  her  lover. 

TaUe  1"  eiclaimed  De  Manle.    "  How  This  bonrgeoise  was  an  honorable  and 

well  I  reoosnixe  there  my  own  begin-  excellent  young  maiden  whose  name  I 

mng '.    And  ao  the  cniel  one  (otments  will  not  mention " 

Ihmt  poor  little  heart.    Bhelt  mend,        "  Count,"  abruptly  interrupted  Vil- 

■tae'H  mend,  the  barbarian !    1  take  to  lenigre,"  hnw  could  yon  know " 


▼•■({"{and  aalwipok«the  oonnt  had    miqnisgocsaDdfiiidsPidsMroniiBgood 


IKOOd  t.' 


1844.]  The  Dtaper't  Baughier.  109 

«ic«ty,aDdBajilohini :  "Sit  caralier,  Perceiring  tlie  flsntlemcn  who  hod 
yoabavesaid  lliatl  wu  the  fiiTorite  of  establisbed  itiemselrcs  in  bis  shop,  3 
■  certain  virtuous  demoiselle  iyoo  were  aliglilexpresiionofdiasaliariclioncroHs- 
mistakea ;  you  must  retract."  Polaa-  ed  hia  face.  lie  saluted  them,  howev- 
troaietortsthathewilldoaosuchlhiDg.  er,  pulildy  though  coolly,  while  thej 
They  go  out,  and  Polastron  Teceiros  a  were  both  eager  in  a  more  courteon* 
ferociouB  Ihiusl  in  the  shoulder,  from  address  to  him  than  was  exactly  re- 
wbich  he  is  still  in  his  bed  :  and  so  the  quired  by  the  etiquette  of  rank.  Tha 
honor  of  the  demoiBelle  is  saTed."  draper'a  Arst  care  was  to  dispose  of  the 

During  this  narratire  Rosette  had  sacks  of  money,  which  he  dcliicied 
.  experieoced  a  lively  emotion  ;  she  bad  over  to  iiis  apprentices  to  be  deposited 
■O  difficulty  in  guessing  who  was  the  in  tlie  strong  box  in  his  cabinet  in  the 
young  bourgeoise  for  whom  the  mar-  rear  of  the  shop.  The  Count  appeai- 
quiB  had  fought,  and  Jixing  on  him  an  cd  to  regard  them  with  aatonishment 
«ye  Bwimming  in  tears:  as  they  lay  piled  on  the  cmtntcr. 

"  Yon  hare  done  that.  Monsieur  da  "  "Ry  ray  faith  !"  he  said  at  length, 
Villenej[re  V  said  she,  ioipctaousty.  "these  messieurs  citizens  have  as  muck 
"  Too  have  defended  the  honor  of  an  money  as  wo  geotleroen  !  Why, 
humble  maiiiec,  of  inferior  rank  to  your  there  are  as  many  crowns  ihere  as  my 
own,  and  yon  have  fonght  for  her  sake  1  county  of  Manle  yields  me  in  three 
Oh!  that  was  noble,  and  I  thank  you —    months!"  ">_j_, 

fit  her  whom  jou  caused  to  be  re-  "  Yes,  monsieur,'"  r^rti««t-  the  dra- 
■peetedl"  per,  with  some  ill  humor,  seating  him- 

As  she  spoke  she  extended  her  hand  self  on  a  wooden  stool  by  the  aide  of 
to  Villen^gre,  who  raised  il  to  his  lips,  his  daughter,  and  wiping  the  perspire- 
and  slipped  into  it  a  little  billet.  At  any  tion  from  his  forehead;  "but  yonr 
other  moment  Itoaelte  would  perhaps  ntoDey,  you  great  perBonages,  is  destin- 
have  refused  to  receive  such  a  missive,  cd  to  be  squandered  in  follies,  in  gam- 
but  her  imagination  was  still  po»-erfully  bling  and  trintoting  and  tine  equipages ; 
inSoenced  by  the  recital  of  thu  count,  ours,  we  poor  trailers,  is  destined  to 
and  the  paper  passed  rapidly  from  the    pay  our  debts." 

young  maiden's  hand  to  the   pocket  of        "Yes,   I  have   indeed  heard,"  said 
"  ■  the  count  with  an  air  of  indifference, 

"  that  among  traders  receipts  and  ac- 
knowledgments were  given,  and  that 
when  the  day  arrives  ther  must  ba 
paid— il  is  very  wonderful ! 
rapidly  the  corner  of  the  next  "  And  when  the  gentlemen,  who  take 
Bireei,  and  to  advance  swiftly  toward  our  wares  on  credit,  refuse  to  pay," 
the  shop.  The  apprentices  allowed  a  continued  Polivcau,  with  a  tone  of  much 
gesture  of  satisfaction  lo  escape  them,  bitterness,  "  wo  must  feel  ourselves 
and  Rosette  rose  quickly  to  meet  him.  very  much  embarrassed." 
At  the  same  moment  Master  Poliveau  "  You  seem  fatigued,  father,"  said 
entered,  preceded  by  two  ataut  fellows  Rosette ;  "  you  have  been  obliged  pei- 
carrying  on  their  backs  leathern  bags  haps  to  importune  your  noble  customer* 
which  appeared  to  be  fuU  of  silver.  lo  make  up  the  sum  you  required  V 

"  "  It  little  man,  with        "  To  the  doviloi 

ich  presented  yet  replied  " 
i,  though  he  was  past  regard 
sixty.  A  largo  great-coat  of  brown  worthymanthenprocccdedlogivcpret- 
Jioaey-woolsey,  black  woollen  stock-  ty  free  vent  to  the  feelings  excited  by 
inge,  and  a  high  and  broad-btimmedhat  his  morninB's  adventures.  From  the 
completed  a  costume  of  extreme  aim-  hotels  of  all  the  great  lords  where  ha 
plicity  and  tolerable  age.  had  been  to  solicit  payment  of  part  of 

Everything  in  the  appearance  of  the  his  dues,  he  had  either  been  repulsed 
ex-echevin  recalled  one  of  those  trades-  with  insult,  or  despatched  with  barreii 
laeo  of  tbe  olden  time,  who  thought  fine  speeches;  and  the  friendship  of  hia 
more  about  honoring  their  commercial  worthy  friend  of  hie  own  class,  Gandil- 
engagemenia  than  aiiout  dazzling  the  lot,  had  alone  rescued  him  from  the 
eyes  of  their  customers  by  a  showy  ex-  ruin  imminent  over  his  head  on  llie  mor- 
letior.  row.    The  attention  of  the  Count  de 

Tot.    IV,    NO.    LZXIV.  13 


u  :,™- 

One   person   alone   per- 

eeived  this  ] 

movement—it   was   Giles 

Ponselot. 

A  abort  tin 

ac  only  elapsed  after  this 

before  a  nev 

I'  personage  was  seen  lo 

Google 


170  Tkt  Draper'*  Daughter.  [Aug. 

M*nle  WIS  chiefly  occupied  in  nbMir-  your  impoliteness.  Yon  are  under  As 
ing  the  IrBrsportalioo  of  the  saEks  of  proleetion  of  a  yonnp  demoiselle  whom 
silyer  by  tbe  apprentices  into  tbe  ad-  I  respect  and  honor,  and  I  wilt  atiffOT 
joining  c&blnet.  Villenegre  ventQred  no  harm  to  be  done  to  yini," 
a  few  words,  TCspectfully  and  kindly,  "  Nor  would  it  be  Tety  pnident  to 
indefenceof  his  class.  De  Made  in-  altemptlhe  contrary !"  eaid  Giles  Pon- 
terposed  at  length  with  great  insolence,  selot,  suddenly  making  his  appoaiwwe 
being  very  vehement  in  maintaining  es-  behind  his  master,  armed  witli  a  thick 
pecially  the  honorable  character  of  him-  Tard  alick,  and  supported  bj  OuiUlnmo, 
self  and  his  friend.  orandishiog  his  shears. 

"  One  wants  to  rob  him  of  his  cloth,  The  marqois  answered  this  brarado 
and  theotherofhisdanghler!"  muttered  only  by  a  glance  of  contempt,  and  the 
PoDselot,  at  the  rear  of  the  shop,  to  his  count  by  a  barat  of  langhter  ;  and  tbe 
fellow  apprentice.  two  gentlemen  left  the  shop  arm  in  arm 

Matters  were  fast  proceeding  from  befois  the  merchant  haj  reeoTered 
bad  to  worse.  The  old  drapsr,  with  fmrn  the  terror  into  which  he  had  been 
ancb  more  frankness  than  cirility,  gave  thrown  by  this  unexpected  scene, 
a  distinct  intimation  to  Villenegre,  that  Tbcy  hud  scarcely  gone  twenty  steps 
he  was  but  little  pleased  nith  the  fre-  when  De  Manle,  saddenlj  ceasing  lua 
quency  of  his  a1|ectionB  at  bis  shop,  laughter,  said  to  the  young  maiquis, 
**liLl  'il^'i'^^'  '"  which  they  nolu-  who  was  still  mnch  agitated  by  what 
ralft  gave  rise  in   the  neighborhood ;    had  Jnit  passed  : 

and  expressed  his  hope  on  behalf  "Look  you  now,  Villenigte,  I  ha»« 
of  himself  and  his  daughter,  that  they  gueaeed  the  truth  :  yon  love  the  little 
might  hereafter  be  relieved  from  bis  thing  and  the  little  thing  lores  you. 
honotnble  company.  The  yonng  man  Yon  are  .a  child,  and  do  not  yet  know 
was  only  restrained  from  an  ekpression  how  to  manage  these  matters.  I  am 
of  his  indignation  at  this,  by  a  quick  disposed  to  ard  you,  that  we  may  both 
motion  of  Rosette,  who  passed  close  by  take  our  revenge  upon  that  old  clown 
bim,  to  withdraw  to  tb*  rear  of  the  shop,  of  a  tiadesmao.  To-night  she  shall  be 
addrasaing  to  bim  a  glance  and  gesture    yours." 

of  supplication  as  she  did  so.  The  "  To-nisht  1"  repeated  the  marqnu. 
Count  informed  tbe  angry  draper  that  quite  bewildered,  and  apening  his  eyea 
he  had  come  with  the  gracioos  purpose  to  their  utmost  width. 
of  bnying  a  hundred  yards  of  cloth,  but  "  To-nigbt.  Bnt  wait  for  me  a  ino- 
that  be  had  now  changed  his  mind — a  ment.  I  must  dismiss  these  fellow* 
loss  of  custom  to  which  the  latter  bad  here,  who  would  only  enenmber  us,  till 
little  difficully  in  reconciling  himself  the  moment  arrivea  when  we  shall 
very  contentedly.  want  Uiem  i"  and  (hen  turning  back  his 

"Will  Toa  come,  connti"  at  last  steps  at  the  same  moment,  he  spoke  a 
■aid  Villenegre.  "Suppose  we  dine  to-  few  words  to  bis  followers  who  imme- 
getber  at  tiie  Golden  Apple  1"  diately  dispersed.     He  then  rejoined 

"With  all  my  heart,  marqois;  bnt    the  young  man,  who  waited  (or  him 
do  you  know   an   amusing   ^ea  that    with  raocR  anxiety, 
crosses  my  mind  1"  "  Have  the  cards  and  dice  left  you  a 

"What  is  ill"  few  pistoles  in  your  pocket!"  he  asked 

"  Wby,  simply  to  make  my  fellows    bim. 
je  a  gentle  dnibbioa  to  our  dear  *  ' 
roliveaa  here ;"  and  he  burst  i 
[h  u  though  the  fancy  struc 
n  excellent  joke.  return  them  tc 

Poliveau's  ruling  passion  was  not    I  am  to  touch  a  pretty  sum — ten  thoo- 
courage,  and  he  believed  De  Manle    sand  crowns!" 
Terjr  capable  of  follnwbg  bis  threat  by       "  Willingly— but  could  you  not  tell 

its  immediate  execution.     He  shrank    me "  i 

back  a  few  steps,  and  turned  pale  with  "  Nothing.  Come  along  to  the  Gol- 
alarni.  den  Apple ;  and  providea  yoo  let  me 

"  Tear  nothing,  master  Polivean,"  act  out  my  own  i>lans,  I  promise  yon 
said  Villenegre  coolly,  with  a  gesiare  that  this  very  night  we  shall  take  our 
flill  of  dignity, "  I  have  not  for  a  mo-    full  saiisfaclion  out  of  all  this  low  bOOT-  i 

men!  conceired  the  idea  of  ohMtising    geoisie."  VjOOQIC 


f've  a  gentle  dnibbios  to  our  dear  friend       "  I  have  a  few  crowns  by  me,"  was 
oliveaa  here ;"  and  he  burst  into  a    the  reply. 
laugh  u  though  the  fancy  struck  him       "  You  will  lend  them  to  me — t  will 


1844.]                                  The  Draftr't  Daughter.  171 

II.  Tai  Adtidtdus  of  a  Nisht. 

At  the  epoch  of  thia  history,  Paria  had  now  a  plumed  hat,  a  doablet  uid 

waa  not  inundated  with  light  sa  it  is  ia  hose  of  dark  gceen,  with  blae  aatin 

our  time.      At  the  cloae  of  the  day,  aJKuillstlea,  and  boota  with  gilt  spurs ; 

tbeiefoie,  ibere  waa  a  andden  ceasa-  a  large  black  baldiick  auatained  fait  tb- 

UoD  of  all  noise  and   morement ;  Ibe  pier,  and  a  oloak  of  Ibe  same  color  aa 

t^urchea  and  theatres  were  closed,  and  his  doublet  huag  from  ooe  aboolder. 

the  citiaeDB  retired  to  their  dwellings  ;  We  need  not  describe  the  storm  of 

the  circulation  waa  eTcijwbere  aus-  iodignatioD  which  barst  on  the  devoted 

pended,  except  in  one  or  two  priTileged  head  of  peor  Giles,  aa  he  adraoced 

.quarters.    After  nightfall,  the  city  be-  irieaolutely,  with  bis  hat  in  his  hand, 

came  the  prey  of  the  thieves,  robbers,  towards  hia  master.     He  waited  sub- 

and  asaaasins  who  infested  it ;  and  if  missively  until  it  had  aomcwhat  ipent 

a  peaceful  iradesman  ventured  abroad,  itself,  when  he  slated   ibat  thia   cob- 

it  waa  only  on  some  indispenaable  boat-  tnme    waa  oeceaaary   for    an  ezcur- 

nesB,  and  well  rnrDished  with  a  we^ion  sion  which  he  designed  to  make  that 

for  defence,  and  a  lantern  for  light.  evening,     A   fiill   avowal   oeoeaaarily 

On  the  present  evening  the  shop  of  eosued  of  the   former  occaaions  on 

maater  Puliveau  was  closed  at  its  usual  which  he  had  enacted  a  similar  maB- 

hour  of  dusk,  and  the  family  of  the  queiade,  which,  indeed,  he  had  sup- 

r!  draper  assembled  roand  the  table  posed  already  known,  and  for  the  cod' 

the  evening  meal,  in  Ihe    large  cealment  of  which,  he  cast  a  look  of 

apartment  on  the  seeond  floor.     The  gratitude  to   Roaette  e.nd  Guillaorae- 

seat  of  Giles  Ponselot  waa  the  only  After  a  severe  reprimand,  however, 

one  vacant.  Rosette  gtvlog  for  him  the  and   contrary  to   hia   ezpsctation,  hi* 

apology  with  which  he  had  entrusted  master  declared  his  pardon  for  theae 

her,  that  he  had  withdrawn  to  his  room  past  offences,  on  the  condition  of  bis 

to  dress  himself,  an  explanation  litlle  for  ever  forewearing  all  similar  follies, 

satisfactory  or  intelligible  to  bis  maater.  and  on  Ihe  coostderation  of  hia  being 

She  waa  very  carefiH  to  make  no  alln-  an  orphan,  destitute  of  other  frienda  in 

sion  to  the  confession  which  had  fallen  Paris  than  his  master,  to  whom  he  had 

from  himin  themoroing,  aalohisocca-  come  recommended  by  a  miserly  old 

■ional  habits  and  haunts.     Master  Po-  uncle   &om  the  country.      Overjoyed 

livean  recounted  at  Aill  length,  ail  the  at  thia  clemency,  and  overflowing  with 

vexatious  adventures  of  the  day,  which  gratitude,  Giles  Ponselot  aacerly  pro- 

had  worked  him  up  to  such  a.  pilch  of  mised  what  waa  demanded  ofhim. 

irritation  against   the   whole   nobility,  "  Oh,  I  promise  you,  indeed,  I  re- 

ihat  he  bad  taken  out  his  vengeance  on  noqnce  for  ever  theae  foolish  notions 

the  flist  of  the  class  he  bad  happened  of  pride !    I  see  too  well  that  I  muat 

to  meet.     He  had  no  regreta  for  hie  deapaii  of  ever  in  thia   wa^   flndmiF 

treatment  of  De  Manle,  whom  he  more    favor  in  the  eyea  of  one  who But,'' 

than  auspected  to  be  a  worthlesa  ad-  he  proceeded,  inlerrupting  himself  with 

ventuier  who  had  intrigued  and  bullied  an  air  of  reaolntion,  "  your  very  good- 

hia  way  into  honorable  society  by  dint  neaa  atimnlalea   me  to  carry  out  the 

of  knavery   and   pretenaioa.     As   for  project  I  have  conceived,     rerroit  me 

Villen^gro,  though  he  knew  bat  little  to  go  abroad  this  once  to-night,  and  to- 

of  him,  he  took  Rosette  rather  sharply  morrow  I  awear  to  obey  you  in  allyoa 

to  task  for  allowing  him  to  hang  ao  may  command." 

much   around  her,   and  wound  up   by  "  And  where  do  you  want  to  go  to- 

neremptorily  forbidding  her  to  hold  any  night  V 

farther  intercourse  will)  him.  "  I  entreat  you  not  (o  queation  oie. 

The  supper  was  nearlv  concluded.  Perhaps  thia  very  night  I  may  have  an 

when  the  door  opened,  and  by  the  light  opportunity  of  proving  to  you  all  my 

of  the  lamp  which  the  old  serving  wo-  gratitude  loc  your   past  kindness,  and 

man  bad  just  placed  on  the  table,  Giles  yonr  present  indulgence. " 

Ponselot  was  seen  to  enter  the  apart-  Bat  the  master  was  inflexible.    He 

ment,   though   scarcely  indeed   to   be  would  understand  none  of  aueh  Boa- 

lecognized  m  the  complete  tranaforma-  aenae.     He  fancied  it  the  proper  ocoa- 

tion  which  had   taken  place  in  his  sion  to  exert  and   mamtsin  all    tha 

^pearsoee.    Instead  of  hu  aaoal  [Jain  antique  dignity  of  the  domestic  diaetv^               . 

and  bnmUe  attire  aa  an  ttpfxeatiat,  he  pUoe,  and  be  totdc  hia  poaitioo  aecotd^^^  O  O  Q  I '  ^ 


1T»                                      7%e  Droftr't  Daughter.  Aag- 

ingly.  If  he  weol  forth  tiiat  night,  it  tmwer,  kbA  declared  that  be  would  b« 
•iMDld  be  to  retom  do  more.  It  was  >t  the  height  of  his  B^Hntionfl,  if  the 
!■  Tain  that  Giles  enlreatod.  EipUon-  adoraUfl  ftoseUc  would  hot  let  fall  a 
tioas  ke  would  not  or  could  Dot  gire,  glaoce  ai  pitj  oa  her  ]>oor  slave.  This 
tlut  would  appear  other  than  vague  huienagc,  coDtrastii^as  it  did  wilhtfae 
lad  friTolouB.  He  did  not  exactly  audacious  and  ticnohaot  style  of  the 
jatom  his  own  mind,  only  he  was  fully  galtantB  who  asDslly  addressed  her, 
impressed  with  the  idea  that  some  was  preciselj  thfl  one  caknlated  t» 
great  nuafortnae  meuaced  his  master  tnalie  the  most  impression  od  a  joung 
u)d  bis  bouHehold,  vrhich  in  some  mys-  girl  who,  while  ditereet  and  hoaorable, 
teriuus  way  be  hoped  to  find  the  means  n-as  not  free  from  a  iitlle  canity.  And 
to  counteract.  All  was  in  vain  i  in  so  the  fair  draper's  daughter  hung  with 
vain  the  entreaties  of  Rosette  to  Giles,  an  infioiie  delight  over  theee  lines,  ia 
assuring  him  of  lier  affection  for  him  which  shn  believed  that  she  saw  mic- 
as for  a  brother,  to  yieiil  to  her  fkther's  rored  a  sool  as  pure  and  candid  as  her 
now  inflexible  will ;  in  vain  the  honest  own.  She  weigfaed  every  expresaiao, 
ffiief  of  Gaillaame  ;  in  vain  even  tbe  smiling  over  it,  and  measnring  its  full 
msinuations  of  his  master,  that  it  was  bearings.  At  that  roomeot  all  the 
a  mere  pretext  lo  abandon  a  house  events  of  the  day  faded  from  her 
which  he  believed  to  be  on  the  eve  of  memory  ;  she  tboughlnomoreof  Giles, 
rain.  It  was  a  sore  and  severe  trial,  nor  of  the  prohibition  imposed  on  her 
bat  in  the  midst  of  his  own  grief  his  against  ever  more  seeing  the  marqais; 
resolution  was  anshaken — and  he  was  she  was  wholly  absorbed  in  this  first 
gone.  letter  of  love,  which  she  read  aod  re- 

A  melancholy  parting  that  evening  read  with  atitl  increasing  hairiness, 

dispersed  the  family  to  Ibeir  respective  Reflection,  however,  after    a  time, 

placea  of  rest.     The  old  man  affected  seemed  to  change  into  bLttereess  the 

an  indifference  at  the  loss  of  his  favor-  charm  of  this  occupation.     Rosette's 

ite  apprentice  which  he  was  liir  from  head  drooped   upon   her  breast ;    the- 

Ibeling.     To  conceal  his  real  emotions  letter  fell  from  her  handn,  with  no  at- 

be  sent  th«Q  earlier  to  bed  than  usual,  tetnpt  to  pick  It  up  again,  and  two  tears 

"We  roust  be  up  betimes  to-morrow,  coursed  silently  down  her  cheeks, 

ud  since  this  fop  ^f  an  apprentice  has  "Oh, yes,"  she  murmured  at  last,  in 

chosen  to  quit  us,  we  shall  all  have  so  broken  accents,  and  leaning  her  fore- 

mDch  tbe  more  to  do.      Genevieve,  head  upon  the  bed;    "my  father  is 

bring  the  lights.     Kiss  roe.  Rosette,  right.    It  is  madness  for  a  poor  girl 

and  God  gram  thee  a  good  night."  like  me  to  soar  so  high  ia  her  aims. 

Rosette's  chamber  was  on  the  first  What  am  I  by  the  side  of  him  ^    He  is 

Soor,  by  the  aide  of  the  coromon  hall,  young,  beautiful,  rich,  lovely ;  he  will 

last  mentioned  ;  and  ita  single  window,  one  day  be  a  duke — he  will  bave  car- 

deeorated  with  a  modest  wooden  bal-  riages,  castles,  hotels,  and  as  for  me — 

cony,  opened  on  the  street,  »    little  ob  God !  oh  God !" 

higher  than  the  old  shed  which  pro-  And  she  prostrated  herself  before  Uie 

jected  from  the  front  of  the  shop.   She  waxen  image  of  the  Madonna  which 

quickly  dismissed  the  old  servant,  and  surmounted  the  mantel,  all  bedecked 

after   locking  the   door,   cast   hereelf  with  tinsel  and  glitter,  and  addressed 

upon  a  large  faoieuil  near  tbe  bed,  and  to  it   a  short  prayer.     She  then   ad- 

aner   all  the   fatigues,   emotions  and  vaneed  to   cluse   the  window,   which 

Mfieringsofthoday,  yielded  to  a  brief  from   the   warmth   of  the  season  had 

period  of  repose.     But  she  presently  been  left  open  behind  the  ouruin. 

started  up,  and  approaching  tbe  lamp,  It  was  at  thai  moment  about  eleven 

drew  from  her  pocket  die  billet  of  the  o'clock,  and  the  most  profound  silence 

marquis,  which,  though  she  had  already  reigned  thronghoot  (bat  quarter  of  the 

before  found  a  momeat  for  a  glance  city.    All  the  lights  had  long  since 

into  itscontents,  she  proceeded  to  read  been    extinguished,   and    the   narrow 

again  with  an  ottentioa  which  proved  street  of  la  Tixsranderie  was  [dnsgod 

all  the  interest  she  felt  in  its  oonieBU.  in  a  toul  darkoeas.     Nevertheless,  at 

Tbe  letter,  thoogh  coached  m  the  the  moment  when  the    fur  draper's 

inflated  style  of  the  time,  was  tievertbs-  daughter  was  abont  to  close  the  win- 

Ims  mosi  tender  aad  laspeatfiil.     The  dow,  she  fancied  that  she  heard  a  slight 

muqnia  implored  only  &  single  word  of  sound  without,  underneath  the  balcony. 


gl: 


I64(.l                                 Tht  Dr^er't  Daughter.  173 

She  pauaod  in  terror,  and  bent  hei  ear  here  ;ou  bivc  bol  listened  to  ihe  stiI 

eagerly  to  listen, but  ibe  aooad  <xm  bo  coanBelsorotharB." 

cUgbt  that  she  Buppoeed  she  bad  been  "  Ob,  that  ia  tiue  !"  cried  the  Toana; 

mtstaken.     Quite   reaBBored,  she   waa  man  Teheinently.     "  I   aevei   felt   tiD 

Jnat  ia  the  act  of  raising  her  tii.ai  to  now  all  the  erueltj  of  auch  a  piooeed- 

dnw  forward  Ihe  thiek  serge  curlaia  ing.     I   was  dec eiTed-r-be witched.     I 

befare  the  window,  when  the  two  folding  — will  go — Igo — but  Id  mercy,  made* 

aaaheg  opened  gently,  and  a.  man  eove^  mniseile,  sutler  me  lo  hope  (hat  yon 

iofei  in  a  cloak,  appeared    erect  on  will  not  despise  me  foe  having  wished 

the  balcony.  to  introduce  myself  here." 

R«aette  shrank  back,  pale,  silent,  This  sabmission  and  repentance  were 

and  panic -Btiicheo,  as  at  the  light  of  a  well  calculated  to  diaarm  Roaetta's  aa- 

■pectre;  tbisappariiion  was  so  strange,  ger;  so  there  was  less  severity  in  her 

BO    unexpected,  that    all    the    young  tone  as  she  replied : 

maiden's    blood    froze    in   her   veins.  "  I  will  not,  1  ought  rnit  to  proouu 

Heroresence  of  mind,  however,  im  me-  anylhiog.    In  the  admission  you  have 

diatery  returned,  and  persuaded  (hat  it  made  I  recognize   the  justice   of  the 

fionid  only  be  a  robber  who  would  thus  fears  I  have  heard  expressed  in  regard 

tntioduce  himsoir  into  her  abode,  she  to  you.     Beware  of  the    Count    de 

waa  about  to  call   for   help,  nhen  the  Manle  ;  he  is  a  vile  wretch,  who  will 

•trauger  sprang   lightly   fniward  into  ruinyouif you  foUowhiBCounseU.  But 

die  chamber,  casting  on  his  cloak,  and  we  may  he  sorprised.     In  the  name  of 

murmuring  in  a  stifled  voice  :  God,  begone  at  once,  and  perhaps  I  may 

"  Pardon,     pardon,     mademoiselle !  yet  be  able  to  preserve  same  esteem 

But  1  had  no  other  means  of  reaching  fur  Tou." 

yen !"  Villenegre  cast  a  glance  behind  him. 

It  was  Ihe  young  Marquis  dc  Villene-  "  Mademoiselle,"  be  said,  with  a  little 

gie.     Kosetle,  on  recofinizing  him,  ap-  more  assurance,  "  be  not  alarmed.     A 

pesred  neither  less  surprised  nor  less  ladder  is  applied  to  the  wall,  and  the 

alarmed  than  before,  and  the  aSection  poor  count  of  whom  you  entertain  so 

she  secretly  cbeiished  for  him  did  not  bad  an  opiaion,  is  watching  for  me  in 

seem  at  all  to  diminish  her  resentment  the  street,  with  some  faithful  servants, 

St  the   effrontery   of   this   step.     She  and  in  a  moment   T   can  rejoin   them, 

sprang  hack  with  a  light  bound  lo  the  without  the  least  dinger  for  either  yon 

opposite  extremity  of  the  room,  and  or  me.    Let  me  then  before  I  go  at 

said  in  a  tone  of  authority :  least  say " 

"  Do  not  advance   a  step,  sir,  nor  "  Not  a  word,"  said  the  maiden,  ae- 

make  the   slightest  movement  to  ap-  verely.     "  1  ought  not  to  listen  to  you, 

proach  me,  or  I  call  my  fatlier  who  is  Mon  Dieu !     Was  this  what  1  had  to 

m  the  adjoining  room.     Your  conduct  expect  after  your  letter,  so  timid,  M 

is  base  and  unworthy  of  a  gentleman !"  respectful '.     I  thought  you  good,  loyal. 

It  must,  however,  be  acknowledged    generous " 

that  the  youib's  countenance  was  hardly  "  Well,    Rosetle,"    interrupted    Ihe 

such  as  to  justify  this  terror.     He  stood  marquis,  "  tell  me  only  that  you  do  not 

motionless,  tremUing,  and  with  down-  hate  me,  and  1  am  gone." 

«ast  eyes.     He  might  have  been  taken  "  Why  thus  place  me  under  compol- 

for  a  schoolboy  surprised  by  a  severe  sion  to  speak  what  might  not  he  true. 

master  in  the  very  act  of  some  flaffrant  Begone  without  conditions." 

piece  of  mischief,  so  awkward  Hod  em-  "  I  stay  then,"  said  the  marquis  ra- 

birrasBsd  was  he.  solutely,  seating  himself  in  a  fauteuil. 

"  Mademoiselle,"  he  stHnmercd,  "  I  Alter  the  hesitation  he  bad  at  first 

%ave  no  other  excuse,  I  confess,  than  exhibited.  Rosette  doubtless    had    not 

the  power  of  the  lovoyon  hare  inspired  counted  on  so  bold  a  determination. 

me  with,"  "  What  is  to  be  done !    Oh,  God, 

**  Begone,   sir, — begone  immediate-  what  is  to  be  done !    He  has  no  mercy, 

ly,"  resumed   the  agitated    Rosette.  Well,  I  will  call  for  aid,  and  rouse  tho 

"  Do  you  not  perceive  that  your  pre-  house." 

sence  in  my  chamber  at  this  hour  of  "  Vory  well,"  said  Henri.    "  I  hav> 

the  night  may  dishonor  me,  may  ruia  no  objection." 

me!     Begone  on  the  instant,  and  I  " My  father  will  come — he  i* rloleiU  ^.'~>               i 

nq  perhaps  yet  believe  that  in  coming  —he  will  kill  you."  ■            )  gitizod -y  VjOOQ  IC 


174                                      7^*  DiaftrU  DouglatT.  [Aug-. 

"  Or  be  ^)  force  me  to  marry  ;od,  k  number  ofhoreestl fall  gallop  on  tlie 

and  that  ia  all  I  aak."  paTement,  %  isltling  of  iirms,  and  s 

I    "Marryme! — you, monHiear ttie mar-  confused  Bound  of  loices  apptoaehing. 

qnie!"  aaid  Rosette,  tritb  ao  intolnn-  Thiatimethemarqaiihinadf  extutnted 

taiy  soflness  of  tone.  some  oueaainess. 

"  Why  not !    I  love  yon."  "  Hang  the  scoundrel  1"  he  retnark- 

"  Bat  your  father — your  mother !"  ed.    "  That  cowardly    knaTe's    criee 

"  They  wD!  be  made  to  listen  to  rea-  haye  attracted   the   patrol.      We   are 

aon;  ana  beeides*!  shall  be  master  lost  if  the  soldiers  perceive  the  ladder 

myself  one  of  these  days."  and  those  who  are  watching  it." 

"But  yoor  fortune,  your  rank "  Rosetle  had  no  power  to  utter  a  cry, 

"  At  the  sight  of  you  all  will  be  ex-  and  a  TioJent  effort  of  will  alone  saved 

cnBed."  her  IVom  fainting.     Her  heart  scarcely 

Roaetle  teileeted  a  few  moments,  beat,  ae  die  clatter  of  the  horaea  ap- 

"This  dblermihatioD  is  iosaue,"  she  proached  the  hoaae.     Both  remained 

reeameif,  with  much  emotion.    "The  ereot,  face  to  face,  pale,  trembling, and 

distance  between  you  and  me  is  too  with  suspended  breath, 

wide  ever  to  be  crossed.    Go.Monsieni  There   was   (or   some  moments  a 

de  Villenegre,  your  perserering  to  re-  great  movement  of  going  and  coming 

main  here  can  have  no  other  reault  than  before  the  bouse;  orders  were  heard 

to  eompromise  my  honor,  and  nothing  given  in nnder-tones,  and  sUded  oaths; 

can  bridge  the  abyss  that  separates  ns.  there    seemed  to    be    even  a  sort  of 

Begone — once    again,  sir,  I    implore  skirmish   beneath    the    windows,    for 

you,  in  die  name  of  all  that  is  holiest !"  the  clashing  of  steel  was  heard ;  then 

Henri  de  Villen^^  was  ahaken  by  precipitate  steps  soiioded   in  different 

the  solemnity  of  this  appeal,  and  he  directions,  and  the  ^Hoping  of  horses 

rose.  indicated  the  putiuit  of  the  fugitives  by 

"  Tell  me  then,"  eaid  he  paeaionate-  the  eoldieia ;  at  last  the  noise  was  en- 

ly,  "tell  m«  that  you  love  me!"  tirely  extinguished,  and  that  quarter  of 

Rosette  was  about  to  answer,  and  the  city  became  as  calm  and  silent  as 

perhaps  might  the  confession  so  eagerly  before. 

desired  have  bllen  from  her  lipe,  when  "  They  are  goae  1"  said  the  marquis, 

piercing  cries  were  heard  without.  after  B  few  moments'  paose,  "  and  they 

The   two  young   persons   remained  have    donbtless     discovered    nothing. 
motionless  and  listening.    The  noise  God  is  my  witness  that  in  this  danger 
appeared  to  proceed  from  the  extremity  I  have  trembled  only  for  you." 
of  the  street,  and  a  powerful  voice  was  "They  may  return!"  said  the  maid- 
crying  out:  en,  with  feverish  agitation.    "  Profit  l^r 

*'  Alarm  !'  Alarm !    Murder !    Rob-  this  moment  to  fly.    The  noise  of  this 

bers !"  disturbance  has  no  doubt  aw^ened  my 

The  cries  proceeded  as  from  a  per-  father — and  wo  to  yon  and  to  me  if  at 

eon   in   violent  struggle   with  several  shoold  encounter  yon  here!" 

aseailants,  and  the  sounds  of  such  a  "I  go.  Rosette  :  butat  least  willyon 

strife  were  distinctly  audible,     Rosette     not  say " 

thought  that  she  recognized  in  them  Ibe  "  I  will  say  that  every  word  yon  ut- 

voice  of  Giles  Ponselot.  ter  at  Ibis   moment  is   a  crime!"  in- 

"  Oh,   God  !"   she   murmnied,  pale  terrnpled  the  young  draper's  daughter, 

with  the  terror  that  froxe  her  to  the  quite  beside  herself.     "Your  culpable 

spot,    "what  is   talcing   place?     For  madness  has  already   perhaps   caused 

mercy's   sake,   monsieur,      perceiving  the  death  of  several  pereons,  and  per- 

tliat  the  cries,  which  were  at  first  en-  hups  mj  repntation  ia  already  for  ever 

e^Mie,   subsided   gradually   till   they  ruined.     Is  not  that  enough  to  satisfy 

more  resembled  groans,  "  Msten  to  the  yoo,  mnnsieur  the  marquis  V 

aid  of  that  unfortunate  sufferer !"  Villenegre  could  no  longer  resist  this 

"1  will  go  and  see,"  said  Villenegre,  aoaei  at  once  so  noble  and  so  rightful. 

adtsDciog  towards  the  balcony.   Deem-  "Ifl  have  committed  a  fault,  I  will 

ins  it  some  common  affair  of  street    repair  it  as  a  gentleman,"  he  said  ' 

robbery,  he  had  not  before  felt  much    " —     .  !..   ._      ..t   _u__ 

«onaem  about  it. 

At  that  moment  &  new  sound  was 
heard  at  a  short  distance,  the  clatter  of 


accent  of  penitence.  "I  obey  yw, 
msdemoiselle,  and  I  hope  that  yon  wilt 
DotfoMetil.    Adiea!-*  £^r^,-x(\\o 

"Aoien!    odien!"  she    nmHBOwA^jLJUy  H_ 


1844.]  The  Dn^tr't  DaughUr.  17« 

ViUenigrs  thrsw  hi*  cloak  round  him    hia  calL     "  Quick,  qnick ! 

ud   sprang  lightljr    to    the    window,     have  broken  i 

The  maideo   followed   bioi   »niioiis1j     Help !  help  !'' 


;  lightljr    to    the    window,    have  broken  into  the  shop! 
!D   followed   him   anxiously     Help !  help  !" 
ivilh  hei  e;ea,  and  whea  he  had  diaap-         There  was  immediately  a 


peared  in  the  oboeurity  of  the  b&Icony,  mult  on  the  groaad  floor ;  the  door  of 

ihe  believed  herseir  saved  ;  but  almost  the   abop  was  thrawa  violently  open, 

at  the  aame  instant  the  marquis  a^o  and  seTeral  persons  set  off  to  run  down 

pat  aaide  the  aerge  curtain  and  exhibit-  the  slceet.     The  soldiers  of  [he  patrol, 

ed  his  face  pale  with  eonBteiuation.  seeing  suspicious  persons  issue  trom  a 

"  The  ladder  is  gone  ! — either  the  bonse  and  fly  aI  (hll  speed,  sprang  aflei 

patrol  or  my  friends  have  no  doubt  car-  them  in  pursuit,  and  the  more  eagerly 

Ttnd  it  off  with  ihem!"  aa  the  voice  already  heard  by  Hosette 

This  news  revived  all  tba  anguish  of  fit  the  first  alarm,  and  which  ah«  had 

the  fair  draper's  daughter.  taken  for  that  of  Giles  Foneelot,  cried 

"  All  is  lost !"  she  cried  to  an  agony  feebly ; 

of   sobs.     "God   has  cursed   me   for  "That's   themi     Upon   thsm,  upon 

baring   been   too  vain   and  proud.     I  them,  Messieurs  of  the  uuard  !    Those 

need  never  more  expect  either  peace  are  the  miscreants  I  toio  you  of  1" 

at  (uty  !"  During  this  tumult  without  and  with- 

llie  aight  of  this  grief,  of  which  he  in.  Rosette  was  trembling  and  entirely 

■lone  was  the  cause,  made  a  strong  im-  beside  herself,  bat  the  marquis  dis- 

Pfession  on  the  young  gentleman.  played  a  presence   of  mind  of  which, 

"  I  implore  you,  mademoiselle,  do  the  yonng  girl  was  incapable  at  that 

not  thus  torment  yonrself.     The  Count  moment. 

de  Made  who  accompanied  me,  and  "The  honse  will  be  searched,  and 

eome  of  hiBservanls,knowlhesilualion  I  will  not   have  myself  found   here," 

in  which  I  am  lef^  and  they  will  cer-  he  said  rapidly,    "  The  door  of  the 

tainty  soon  return  to  my  relief,     I  even  shop  is  still  open,  and  I  may  escape 

think  I  heard  a  alight  whispering  under  under  cover  of  the  daHuess.    Tell  me 

the  wiodow  when  I  went  to  the  baico-  the  way  to  descend." 

ny,  and  if  I  had  not  been  afraid  of  "  The  stairs  are  at  the  other  end 

awaking  the  house  by  calling Sut  of  the  hall,  and  you  have  only  to  tra- 

st  any  rate,"  he  continued  resolutely,  verse  the  shop." 

BMtng  that  Rosette's  tears    did    not  "Very  well,"  and  he  opened  the  door 

eease  to  flow,  "  I  am  strong  and  aclive,  of  the  chamber. 

and  to  save  the  honor  of  a  woman  I  "But,  monsieur  the  marquis,"    she 

love  and  respect,  I  can  very  well  risk  stammered,  at  the  moment  he  was  go- 

a  leap  of  twenty-five  feet."  ing,  "you  forget!     They  will  perhaps 

He  at  the  same  moment  made  a  step  confound  you  with  those  wretches  who 

towards  the  window,  to  accomplish  this  have  been  robbing  my  fhther !" 

desperate  project ;  but  Rosette  ran  to  Withuutreplying,  the  marquis  sprang 

him  and  held  him  by  the  arm.  forward  into  the  hall,  and  she  presently 

"  You  shall  not — I  forbid  you !"  she  heard  the  sound  of  his  steps  on  the 

•ud  in  a  tone  of  terror.     "  Can  you  floor.     For  a  moment  she  thought  him 

think  of  such  a  thing  '.    You  will  kill  saved,  but  her  hope  was  of  no  long  du- 

youiselfl     I  would  rather  wait  for  the  ration,     The    voice   she    had   already 

wretches  you  call  your  friends,  and  heard,  and  which  she  now  recognized 

who  have  impelled  you   to  this  fatal  certainly  as  that  of  Giles  Ponaelol,  was 

proceeding  from  motives   doubtless  of  again  heard  below  : 

their  own."  "Help I  gentlemen  of  the   patrol!" 

The  marquis  was  about  to  persevere,  he  cried.     "  Here  is  one  of  the  sconn- 

wben  further  action  was  again  arrested  drela  !     Help,  help,  or  he  will  escape 

by  the  reuim  of  the  cavaJry,  which  me !" 

laMdty  approached  the  house,  cutting  Several    soldiers    dismounted    and 

off  the  chance  of  flight  in  that  direction ;  hastened  into  the  shap.     Tbeo  followed 
at  the  same  time  suddenly  the  voice  of    a  violent  struggle  of  a  few  moments, 

Poliveau  was  beard  in  a  oeighboring  as  if  a  desperate  defence  wu  made  by 

room,  and  reechoing  through  the  house  :  the  person  attacked. 

"  Hola!     Gnillaume  !     Giles!"  he  All  this  pasaed  in  a  state  of  pro* 

eried,  forgetting  that  one  of  his  two  fouod  darkness,  and  the  people  of  the 

apprestices  ooiud  no  more  answer  to  patrol  called  loudly  for  lights.    At  last^  ~~- 


"Googlp 


176                                      The  Draper'*  Daughter.  (Aag. 

PoUToau  iMued  h&ir-drsEHd  froin  his  ^ond  in  AotHeet «uh«n4th6MilBp-- 

room,  holding  in  one  hand  a  lanip  which  iDg  of  their  hones, 

ha  biid  iucceeded  in  iighiinj,  and  in  At  this  spectacle  RoHett«  ssved  ber- 

the  oiher  ao  old  pike,  die  oftlj  oDen-  self  from  Rilliog  only  jrf  leaoiiiff  udob' 

si?e   netpon   ba   possessed,    tod    de-  tlie  hanialer  of  the  stairs  ;  she  felt  bar 

seeoded  rspidly  into    the  shop.    The  limbs  rink  beneath  her.     She  did  net 

moment  he  appeared,  the  lumolt  rose  however  jet  fallr  cemprflhend  all  that 

still  loader,  and  exelamatiooB,  obiIib,  w>a  passing,  and  she  listened  mecfaait- 

complaints  poured  forth  (ogethet  so  ae  '(^'I't  to  the  words  of  Giles  PoBselot. 

to  disiarb    the    lepose   of  the   whole  The   latter   related   how  his  snapi' 

neigh  boihood.  cions  had  been  excited  by  the  laoka  - 

llasetie  fdt  crushed  to  the  earth ;  cast  by  the  Count  de  Manle  on  the  - 

the  still  renewed  distresses  of  the  last  treasure,  and  on  the  localities  of  tbe 

few  hoars   bad  completely  exhausted  shop.     His  companion  was  an  object 

her  powers.    Nevertheless,  when  she  of  suspicion  to  him  on  other  groooda, 

dislingnished  in   the  midit  of  the  noise  though  ho  had  considered  him  to   be 

and  confusion  (ho  proud  and  hangbtj  of  loo  high  birth  to  be  the  asHoeiale 

Toice  of  the  marquis,  when  she  heard  of  robbers,  aa  his  prcseDce  here  seenMd  ' 

the  heart-rending   cries  of  her  father,  to  prove  him.     He  heard  their  appoint- 

she  could  not  resist  the  desire  of  see-  ment  to  dine  together,  and  reaolTed  to 

ing  for  herSsIf  the  realitv  of  the  disaa-  watch  them ;  though  he  wia  ouiy  able 

ters  she  anticipated.     All  trembling  she  to  obtain  the  chance  of  doing  so  at  the 

rushed  towanls    the  staircase,    from  cost  of  his  discharge.     He  found  the 

tbe  lop  of  which  a  strange  spectacle  two  gentiemen  at  the  appointed  place, 

presented  itself.  already  in  very  plain  dresses,  very  dif- 

The  utmost  disorder  perraded  the  fcrcnt  from  those  of  the  morning,  and 
shop ;  the  tables  were  upset,  the  goods  he  saw  the  lackeys  of  the  pretended 
were  scattered  over  tbe  llnor.  The  Count  de  Msnie  arrive  in  similar 
feeble  light  of  a  lamp  revealed  imper-  disguise.  He  ohserved  nwcb  that 
fectly  the  diOerent  groups  nhich  £I1bc!  sireugthened  his  saspicions.  The 
the  whole  space.  In  the  centre  was  night  was  dark — they  all  went  forth 
Giles  PoDselot,  the  ex-apptentice,  seat-  — and  he  foUoweil  them.  In  tbe  ob- 
ed  on  a  fauteuil,  liis  clulbes  torn,  and  scurity  be  missed  them,  but  conSdent 
bis  doublet  open,  exhibiting  on  his  that  tney  were  engaged  in  some  plot 
breast  his  shirt  covered  with  blood,  as  Bgainst  his  master's  hunse,  he  haatelked 
from  a  recent  wound.  In  front  of  him  in  that  direction. 
stood  a  personage  dressed  in  blsck,  "  As  I  turned  the  comer  of  (he 
with  a  short  cloak,  whom  Rosette  im-  street,"  he  proceeded,  "a  short  dia- 
mediately  recogniaed  as  Master  De-  tance  from  here,  I  waa  accosted  by 
fanclis,  the  Lieutenant  of  the  Criminal  two  men  enveloped  in  cloaks,  who 
Police,  already  celebrated  at  that  day  appeared  stationed  on  the  watch,  and  * 
for  bia  eiploita  against  the  evil-doers  whom  1  lecogniied  as  the  secretary 
with, which  Pads  was  infested.  He  and  valet  of  the  count.  They  re- 
was  interrogating  the  wounded  man,  quested  me  civilly  enough  to  take 
who  appeared  tu  deliver  evnry  reply  another  road,  and  gave  me  to  tinder- 
with  extreme  difficulty  and  pain.  At  stand  that  a  gentleman  of  their  com- 
the  foot  of  the  stairs,  by  the  entrance  pany  was  on  an  afoir  of  oatlantry  in 
ofthe  little  cabinet  in  which  the  strong-  that  direction,  Ihad  no  Idea  of  re- 
box  was  kept,  was  Puliveau  in  a  state  of  traciuff  my  steps,  and  when  I  por- 
desperation  before  bis  plundered  cof-  ceived  a  ladder  applied  to  the  waU  of 
fers,  from  which  hsd  been  carried  off  tliis  house,  and  several  persons  stand- 
tbe  ten  thousand  crowns  which  he  had  ing  motionless  under  tbe  shed,  I  hesi- 
that  morning  made  up.  At  the  other  tatcd  no  longer  to  utter  cries  of  alarm. 
extremity,  near  the  door,  was  the  Mar-  The  scoundrels  who  were  on  the  watcb 
quis  de  ^  Viltenegre,  his  clothes  in  threw  iliemselves  upon  me,  and  en- 
shreds,  bis  hands  bound,  held  hy  two  deavored  to  prevent  me  from  crying 
soldiers,  bnt  erect  tind  preserring  his  out  I  drew  my  sword  and  fought 
habitual  disdainful  air.  llto  horsemen  with  them,  still  shoudng  tat  help,  whett  ' 
of  the  patrol,  with  their  euirasses  and  one  of  those  under  the  shed,  whom  I 
easquco  of  browned  steel,  blocked  up  recognized  as  the  Count  de  Msnle,  n^-.  i 
the  door,  and  from  the  darkness  b^  pidly   approaohed,  and  struck  no  \_iOOQIC 


1U4.]                                  The  Drofr'*  Dtufluef.  177 

KT«nre  aUb  in  tb«  breut.     I  fall  with'  Tb«   Heutoncnt    of    polioo   eught 

ontcoDBciooMwu.     Tbe  patrol  arrived  esfrarlf  &t  thia  aolutkii. 

tliBt  moraeni,  anil  Meimg  tbai  I  gave  "  And  *d,"  aaid  be,  "  it  i*  not  im- 

•ome  BignB  of  life,  oarriod  me  to  yoar  poasibla  tbst  tbere  may  have  boM  ■ 

owD  hoase,  Uoneieur  the  Lieolenant,  aeoret  intngoa  between  — " 

tbuyou  might  receive  the  RTetatioo  "  Giles  Ponielol," oriedtbedtatnet- 

I  abouM  have  to  m^e.    Iibtok^aufor  ed  old  &ther  Tiolsntlj,  "in  epite  ot 

tbe  ptMaptreliefyoo  extended  to  me,  and  all  the  aervteea  be  bat  rendarad  me 

von  perceive  bow  eflbetgal  It  baa  been,  ifaia  night,  baa  lied  like  a  acooBdret  ^ 

WlienIcametoiB;se1f,andleBniad that  he  baa  dand  to  make  aof   aueb  in- 

noae  of  the  eriminala  had  been  aireat-  sinaation  !    Is  it  not  eaougb  that  I 

ed,  I  begced  you  to  send   the  patrol  have   kwt,    thia    fatal    night,    fottiiHti 

again  in  this  direction,  for  fear  that  credit,  ebaraeler— mnat  1  be  atta^ed, 

tbe  ihievM  might  Rtum ;  and  notwftb-  toe,  in  what  I  bold  the  dearest  of  all, 

standing  my   weakneaa  1  begged  to  the  honor  of  ny  child)" 

aecompin;  you,  to   direct  your    re-  DefiiDctts  impMed    ailenoe  on  the 

•earehea.     My  apprebeoBionB  did  not  unhappy  dnper,  sod  was  aboat  preas- 

deceive  me,  ainee  the  atrival  of  the  ing  Guea  with  further  qneatieBa,  whw 

guard  again  pat  them  to  Ihght."  tbe    priaooer    advanced    impeinoualy 

The  wounded  man  sank  back  in  a  into  the  midst  of  the  asseaabhge. 

state  or  too  great  ezhanation  to  admit  "  It  ia  naeleee  M  open  any  disena- 

offoTtber  interrogation.  aioD  on  that  snbject,"  be  said,  with  that 

^  Master  Defutictis  was  hinuelf  in  a  easv  tone  vrhieh  oODUraatad  airongtT' 

condition  of  no  atnalt  embartaaament.  wUh  hia  timidity  with  RosetM ;  "  tfaey 

<hi  the  one  tide  were  the   power  and  mar  do  what  they  like  with  me,  bot  I 

rank  of  the  great   &niity  wboee  heir  will  never  conaentto  sar*  my  hoDor  as 

apparent  atood  before  bim  as  (he  eul-  a  gentleman  at  the  expense  of  that  «f 

prit  under  aecnsatton  ;  on  the  other  a  pure  and  irteproaohable  yonng  nai- 

waa   the    helnoes   msgnitade   of    the  den.     Knongh  of  thia — ainoe  I  have 

offence,  together  with  tbe  flagrancy  been  found  in  tbe  eompatiy  of  tboae 

of  the  detection— a  shop  broken  open,  who  have  robbed  Master  Folivean,  I 

an    apprentice    nearly    murdered,    an  mast  needs  be  taken  as  their  aceom- 

amoant  of  ten  thousand  crovma  rob-  {dice.     I  thank   Monsieur  the   Ueu- 

bod.    The  yonng  man  replied  to  his  tenant  fur  his  good  wilt  towards  me, 

interrogattona  with  a  haugtity  disdain  bat  can  never  aeek  my  eaeape  from  a 

which    refused    explanations    or    de-  danger  by  an  act  of  such  basenesa." 

niala,  and  only  threatened  vengeance.  Tbe  magistrate  had  made  a  gesture 

The   magistrate   stood    firm    beaeaih  of  disappointment    as   he    peneivad 

these  somewhat  insolent  menaces,  and  Villenigre  thus  turn  disdainrallj  from 

declared  thai  jaatice  ahould  have  its  the  means  efaao^M  be  had  offered  Ua. 

eonrse,  be  the  conaeqnenees  what  they  "  A   foolish  generosity  bliuda  yoa, 

might.    He  was  nevertheless  extreme-  perhaps,  Moosienr  tbe  Marquis,"  he 

ly  anxious  to  find  eome  other  explana-  resntned    cffeetiaaatBly.     *'  Reflect,    I 

tien  of  the  case  than  the  presnmptiou  entreat  yon,  upon  tbe   aiUotioB  this 

of  his  being  an  accomplice  in  the  rob-  -  sfiatr  must  oauae  Mooaieur  the  Dnka 

bBTj.     He  even  soeght  so  escape  at  yottr  father,  and  Madame  the  Ducheas' 

tbo  expense  of  poor  Rosette.     Giles  your    RMIber,    whose    idol    yon   are. 

Ponselot  at    his  examination   at  the  1  invite  you,  before  it  is  too  late,  to 

lieatenant'a  house  had  dropped  seme-  retrae^ths  ackuowledgmeat  yott  have 

thing  about  one  of  tbe   persons  sua-  just  a*de." 

pected  by  him  bein?  la  love  with  his  Villeitigre  was  still  silent;  perbapa 
master's  besatiful  daughter ;  and  was  the  retnembraitca  of  hia  fkmily  thos 
DOW  b^  pressing  inquiries  eomftelled  invdwd  by  the  msgistrate  badezeit- 
to  admit  that  behad  reason  to  believe  ed  too  deep  an  etnotion  to  admit  of 
that  this  feeBng  wss  not  uureeiprocat-  his  speaking  without  betrayiur  it  by 
ed ;  and  that  one  of  hia  princip^  mo-  the  nenMiag  of  his  vaica.  But  Da- 
tives for  his  anxiety  and  for  the  pro-  fnnctis  guessed  it,  and  OMtinned  in 
eeedings  it  had  led  bim  to  tafae,  had  a  lower  tone : 

becH  jeahHiay  of  the  deaigna  of  his  "  Reflect,  for  faearen'a  aake,  Uon- 

more  fortunate  rival.  aiear  the  Marquis,  on  what  avraiu:yi>i 


Google 


179                                      TU  BraptrU  DaugkUr.  [Aof. 

if  jtn  |>eraiat  id  dM  defending  yoorself.  they  lecogniied  hex,  mtde  a  maTemuit 

You  will  be  tried  sod  oondenmed ;  your  of  ourpriM.     Ilie  mapslnte  e^ecled 

esouteheoD  will  be  publicly  broken  by  mum  important  levelatioD. 

ths  band    of  the    executioner,  yoai  "  Stop  ["  be  oried  to  the  gnaid  wbs 

■word  tDd  epnrt  wiil  be  stiuok  fVom  were  bemogoSlh«  priaoner. 

yon  sa  a  man  annortby  to  vest  them,  "  Wliat  butinesa  have  yon  here,  my 

and  you  will  have  to  drag  oat  in  tbe  chjIdV    laid  Poliiean.     "  Moat  yon                    i 

kiag  B  nUeya  the  roat  of  a  life  which  come  hate  to  witneu  the  gieateat  ea~ 

mi^  DaTe  been  ao  brilliant,     four  lamity  that  baa  atiioken  me  sioce  the 

bmily  has  powerful  friend*,  I  know,  death  of  your  poor  DKitheil" 

bat  powerfiil  enemiAa  too,  and  among  "  I  came  to  prevent  an  ael  of  iujos- 

ihem  Madame  la  Mar^hale.     Nothing  lice,"  the  replied.      "My  father,  we 

can  Bare  yon.     Remember  Beauma-  will  weep  bye  and  bye  over  your  mia- 

noir,  lemsrober  the  Baron  de  Beanvean,  fortnnea  j  at  this  moment  my  conKienee 

uid  ao  many  othera !    I  entreat  yon  compela    me    to    leadei    homage    to 

to  rsfleot  that  the  reputation  of  a  little  truth," 

bonTgeoiae  coqaette  is  not  worih  the  "  Mon  Diea  !    What  ia  ahe  abont  to 

honor  of  an  ancient  and  illoatrioua  &^  aay !"  cried  Ponaelot,  taiaing  hiraeelf 

rally !"  up,  and  fixing  on  her  hia  haggard  eye*. 

Roaette,  who  bad  remaiaed  in  the  Poliieaa  remained    etupified  with 

■badow    of   her    poaition,   bad   heard  attoiUBhaient. 

eTcrything,   and    had    anxionaly  fol-  "  Speak,  madetaoiaeUe,"  aaid  the 

lowed  the  moTemenlB  of  yonog  Til-  magiatrate.     "What  do  ^on  know  1" 

lenegre.     Sbe   saw    him    drifop    hia  Roaette  waa  silent,  aa  if  the  violence 

bead,  and  paas  hia  hand  acroaa  his  fore-  of  her  emotions  prevented  her  opening 

head,  which  waa  covered  with  a  cold  her  lipa. 

sweat.    She  aoppoaad  that  he  heaitat'  "  What  is  the  aae  of  this  detention !" 

ed,  and  afae  shuddered.     But  Villen^-  cried  the  Maiqoia  de  Viliendgre,  with  a 

gte  immediately  raised  himaelf  erect,  motion  to  proceed.     "Let  os  begone — 

and  said  in  a  firm  voice  :  do  you  not   perceive,  monsieur    the 

"  I  will  meet  my  judges.     I  have  lieutenant,  that  the  melancholy  eveots 

nothing  more  to  add."  of  thia  night  have  turned  thia  poot 

"  Monsieur  the  aergaaot  of  the  pa-  yoang  girl's  head  !" 

trol,"  said  the  magiatrate  with  a  deep  "  No,  no,  monsieur — hear  me  !"  cried 

ugh,  "conduct  this  gentleman  to  pris-  Rosette  vehemently,  selling  the  judge's- 

on.     His  fault  fall  on  hia  own  head  !"  cloak  aa  though  she  feared   he  would 

Thia  order  set  the  whole  aeaemblaga  escape  her.    "  I  know — I  have  s  poei- 

in  movement.      The  lientenant,  after  tive  cenainiy— that  Monsieur  de  Vil- 

giving  a  few  ordera  for  the  further  pro-  lenegre  has  taken  no  part  in  the  lubbe- 

tection  of  the  premises,  prepared  to  ry  wniob  has  been  committed." 

take  his  departure.     The  soldiers  ad-  "  Are  you  quite  sure  of  that,  made- 

Tkneed  to  seiie  the  prisoner,  and  al-  moiaelle  V      asked    the    magiatiaW, 

ready  was  beard  in  the  street  the  clat-  "  Where  then  waa  Monsieur  the  Mar- 

lerof  arms,  uid  thehoraee'  hoofs  inmo-  quia  when  your  father's  shop  was  forc- 

tion  on  the  pavement,  announcing  that  ed  open  1" 

they  wer«  idraut  to  set  foith  on  their  "  He  was,"  stammered  the  fur  dta- 
march.  Rosette,  by  an  unexpected  and  per'a  daughter — "  he  was — be  waa —  ■■ 
^Nffltaneoua  movement, sprang  forward,  in  my  chamber." 
aitd  nisbed  to  the  door  at  the  mement  The  most  profannd  ailence  reigoeA 
the  marquis  was  about  to  cross  the  for  a  moment  in  the  assembly.  Snd- 
thieeboH  with  hia  friend,  and  in  a  firm  denly  the  old  merchant  mahed  to  Bo- 
voice  she  said  to  the  lieutenant  of  the  sette,  and  seized  her  rudely  by  the  snn,. 
criminal  polios  :  exclaiming  violently  : 

"  A  moment  more,  monsienr    the  "  She  Tiea  !    Do  not  believe  her  ! 

jedge ;  you  do  not  know  the  whole  She  loves  thia  young  man,  and  she                   i 

trtith ;  it  is  I  who  will  have  the  ceur-  wishes  tu  aave  him !    And  for  that  bIm 

age  to  declare  it."  does  not  shrink  from  dishonoring  her 

1^  sudden  apparition  of  Rosette,  &ther,  from  diahonoring  hereelf !    She                   1 

her  excited  air,  hsr  anthoritalive  gea-  lies,  I  swear  it!    Gome,  go  in,  go  in  I" 

toM,  itrvok  all  preaent  with  astonish-  he  added,  seeking  to  drag  hia  daugbtsE^               >  I 

want.    Polivean  and  the  maiqaia,  as  toward  the  staircase,  "you  have  atM(^^Q(3Q  I C 


1844.]  The  Draper't  Daughter. 

«d-noosense  enough  to-d»j  1  And  jon,  n»itj  whieb  I  appreciata. 
Hesaire  Derunciis,  ^ou  were  cnce  1117  the  reputation  of  the  poor  boorgeoiM 
oemrade  and  my  mend — forget  what  to  ibe  pride  of  the  apotleu  eaenteheon 
(bu  little  fool  has  said.  When  yonng  of  his  ancestors.  He  haa  wished  to 
girls  nndertabe  to  meddle  in  serionB  ncriSce  for  me  his  Dame,  his  rank,  hia 
matters,  they  speak  all  at  sixes  and  liberty,  perhaps  his  life — I  da  not  ae- 
MTflDS.  Think  no  more  of  this  ;  1  eept  the  sacrifice.  I  deelare,  there- 
will  punish  hei  as  ^e  deserres,  I  fore,  that  this  night  the  gentleman 
promise  yon."  bere  present   introdneed    himself   by 

"  I  am  aorn  to  oppose  yon,  sire  Pali-  means  of  a  ladder  into  my  chamber, 

TSau,"  replied  the  liealenant,  "hutyoa  against  my  will,  and  that  he  reraaioad 

mast  suffer  your  daughter  to  speak  be-  there  the  whole  time  in  which  ^e  reb- 

fore  me  with  entire  freedom."  bers  were  eogaged  in  eomroittiog  ibt' 

"Bntlswear  to  yon  sbelies!"  cried  tcAbery.    ,1'he  ladder  having  been  k> 

the  draper,  in    a  paroxysm  of    grief  moTed"^  at  the  first  alarm,  he  had  no' 

and  rage.     "  She  does  not  know  what  other  maana  of  escape  dian  at  the  mo- 

ia  the  matter — she  does  not  know  what  menl  the  robbers  quitted  the  honse-; 

she  aaya !    A  man  ooneealed  in  her  and  if  proob  are  wanted  of  whM  I  a^ 

ebambsr  ! — if  that  were  so  would  I  not  TSnce,  the  marks  of  Monsienr  de  Vil- 

already  hare  killed  her  ?     She,  so  good  len&gre's  feet  wilt  be  fbund  on  the  win- 

aitd  daiifnl,  recetTC  a  yoQog  gentleman  dow  of  iny  chamber,  and  hi*  cloalc  is 

into  her  ohambec — and  that  while  rob-  still  on  a  obair  near  the  chimney." 

bers  are  pillaging  rav  honse,  wounding  Gradually  u  she  spoke  her  father's 

my  servants,  and  reaoeiog  me  to  beg-  face  assamed  an  expression  more  and 

gary,  to  bankruptcy,  to  infamy — is  that  more  terrible  ;  but  when  sbe  came  tO' 

poatible  ? — is  not  that  absurd^    I  tell  the  eiidenees  which'were  to  prove  t» 

yon  it  is  a  lie  ibat  she  inTenia  to  save  a  conclusively  the  truth  of  her  testimony, 

coxcomb  who  has  sometimes  poured  ha  was  seized  wiib  so  fittions  a  tran*- 

gallantries  into  her  ear  in  frequenting  port  of  rage,  that  be  raehed  upon  her 

the  shop.    Tell  her  t«  give  yon  proof  10  uinibilate  her. 

of  what  she  advancea.    I  del^  her  to  "  And  she  did  not  cry  out  t    Sbe  did 

give  yon  proof !"  not  call  for  help!"  said  he,  gnaahiag 

Aiid  he  set  to  langhing  with  an  idiot  hia  teeth — "  miserable  creature !" 

laughter  which  drew  tears  from  sever-  The  soldiers  seized  htm  to  prevent 

a]  of  the  spectators.     But   Defunctis  his  doing  hiroselfanyinjury.     He  con- 

•nbdned  bis  emotion  to  pursue  his  in-  tinaed  in  a  stale  of  frantic  madness, 

terrontions.  "  Father !    father  !"    cried  Rosette, 

"  Giles  Ponseloc,"  he    said  to  the  dragging  herself  on  ber  hneea  befsn 

wounded  roan,  whose  despair  was  little  him ;  "  for  the  sake  of  mercy,  do  not 

short  of  Poliveao's  own,  "  what  do  yon  curse  me !     Father,  father  !  I  am  not 

think  of  this  young  girl's  confession  V  guiity  !" 

"  Alas !"  answered  the   apprentice.  But  tlie  old  man  would  not  hearken 

"  she  can  speak  nothing  but  the  truth,  to  her,  and  continued  to  nttsr  tVighifbl 

and  what  I  dreaded  most  has  cometn  ravings,   struggling    violently    in   the 
pasal"                                                        'Biidst  irf  the  powerfnl   men  who  held 

"Bat  the  proof— the  proof  1"  raved  bfm.    Villendgre  approached  her  and 

the    merehaot.       "  Aek  ber  for  the  said  with  deep  emotion  : 

proof!"  "Unhappy  girl!     What  hare  you 

**  My   fotber,"    cried    the   draper's  done  !     It  was  I  alone  who  had  sinned, 

daoghter,  "  be  not  hasty  to  accuse  me.  was  it  for  yon  to  bear  the  ponisbment  f 

I  swear  to  yon  before  God  that  I  am  Was  K  not  better  to  ^>andon  me  te  my 

ianoeent  of  all  crime,  and  therefore  it  is  fate)    1  waa  sore  that  with  powerM 

that  I  thns  obey  the  impulses  of  ny  friends — " 

ciHMeience.      Yoa  have  said  to  the  "Leave  me,  monaienr,"  replied  Ibe 

Harqaisde  Vitlen^gre,"  sbe  continued,  young  girl,  repulsing  him  wi^  »  dm- 

tnming  toward  the   magistrate,  "that  tore  full  of  dtgoity.     "  1  have  not  bSm- 

tbe  honor  of  a  poor  and  obscore  hour-  en  to  accept  the  saeriSce  yoo  won. 

muae  maiden  was  not  worth  that  of  an  making  to  me  ofyonr  honor,  and  Ibave 

UhstrioDS  family ;    bnt  Monsienr  de  sacrificed  myself.    We  now  owe  eadi 

VillenegTe,    on   a  sentiment  of  gene-  other  nothing ;  I  know  yoo  in  more.  /-  ~-  ^-.  ^  -^  I  ^ 


IW  Ti4  Draptr't  Dutghler.  [Kv^ 

I  now  belong  wholly  to  this  wretebed  And  yon  belieie,  becsaw  foa  bsre,  to  ' 

old  mwi  whose    lut  days  you  have  deceive  edc,  conscaled  to  paM  for  a  | 

poisooed."  Ihkf,  that  I  will  not  accoae  jou  of 

"  Tbs  trolh  is  establisliedi"  said  De-  bciuji  ■  pecjared  villain  when  jou  affinn  I 
functia  alood,  alter  receiviag  the  report  that  she  is  innoceai  1     No,  no ;  youc  j 
of  bis  MTgesDt,  who  had  piOG«eded  to  presence  here  has  blighted   her  with 
Tetity  the  declniations  of   Rosetle  in  dishonor — she    is    yours — take   bet ! 
hei  Bpattment.     "  It  was  Crom  delicacy  Demon,  bear  off  the  soul  yoa  bave                    ; 
and   generoNty  that  MonsieuT  de  Vil-  danmed  1     What  should  I  do  with  thia  { 
lenegre  declared  himself    at)  aeoom-  guihy  thing  by  my  bed  of  deaths    I 
plica  in  the  ToU>ery.    The  true  cul-  will  see  hei  no  more  ;    Begone  all —  j 
ntita — that  is,  the  pretended  Coast  de  cany  her  away  or  I  alull  ki)!  bar !" 
MmIa  and  bis  servants — shall  be  pur-        "Father,  dearest  father!"  cried  Bo- 
Biied  and  poniahed,  depend  apoB  that,  sette,  •till  dragging  herself  at  bis  feet;  | 
Id  the  meantime,"  be  continued,  bow-  "do    not   overwhelm    me   with    yoiu 
ing  before  the  young  genllemui,  and  wiath    and    your    scorn !      Do    not 
hinuelf   nn&stening    the   cord   which  Urn  from  me — do  not  drive  ms  from  I 
boood  his  bands,  "  you  are  free,  and  I  you  1    I  swear  by  the  Holy  Virgin, 
hope  yon  wiU  mentien  to  ;y'our  parents  and  by  the  memory  of   mv  mother 
the  real  and  good  will ''  whom  you  loved  so  woU,  I  do  not  de- 
Bat    ViJlenegre   did   not   listen    to  serve  yonr  cetiaure !" 
him.     His  liberty  appeared  to  engage        The  insane  father  rcpuleed  her  with 
hid  thoughts  much  less  than  the  tears  his  foot,  with  a  gloomy  and  Berce  de- 
shed  by  the  young  girl,  who  was  still  termination.     There  was   that   in  bis 
sobbing  on  her  knees  before  her  father,  eye  and  bearing  which  attested  tha 
As  soon  as  bis  hands  were  released,  he  danger   of   his   execullDp    bia   raving 
advanced  towards  Polivean,  and  said  to  menace  if  sbe  were  left  m  his  power,  I 
him  with  profound  respeet :  and  the  lieutenant  of  tlie  police  deter-  I 

"  I  implore  vou,  monsieur,  moderate  mined  to  take  her  away  with  him,  to 

yoaranger,ariddo  not  jorse  your  unhap-  place  her  undei  the  charge  of  his  wife;  i 

.  py  child  \  1  declare  tu  you  on  my  honor  to  be  thence  conaigned  to  the  pr<rtec- 

aa  a  gentleman,  and  on  lay  conacience,  lion  of  the  convent  of  the  Ave-Maria,  ' 

that  MadenMiselle  Rosette  has  done  thosuperior  of  which  was  a  relation  of 

nothing  to  forfeit  your  respect — that  his   own.      Against   this   resolve   sbe 

she  is  as  worthy  as  ever  of  your  offeo-  contended    vehemently,    refusiag    to 

tion  and  esteem.     I  penetrated  to  her  leave  her  father,  and  willing  to  brave 

chamber  by  sarprise,  and,  overcome  any  fate  with  him  or  at  bis  hands. 
by  her  entreaties,  I  was  in  the  act  of       "  1  will  not  leave  him !"  cried  the 

departing,  when  the  noises  in  the  street  poor  child,  violently ;  "  I  will  not  leave 

and  the  disappearance  of  the  ladder  him  when  so  many  calamities  ooospire 

frustrated  the  execution  of  that  inien-  to  overwhelm  him !    Who  wovld  sne- 

tion."  tain  him,  who  would  console  faiai,  who 

Bat  these  explanations  ouly  exas-  love  him  V 
pented  still  farther  the  o«traged  fa-        "  I  will !"  interrupted  Giles  Ponaelot, 

iber.  with  a  feeble  voice. 

"  Do  you  hear  him,"  be  cried,  with       Villenigre    approaQhed    the    young  I 

a  poignant  irony,  "  the  gentle  cavalier,  maiden  to  Join  his.  entreaties  to  those  ^ 

tha  chivalrous  snight,  the  defender  of  of  the  magistrate,  but  she  repulsed 

afflioied  beauties  %    He  gives  me  his  him  with  a  gesture  of  anger  and  dis- 

word  as  a  gentleman !    Oh !  euned  be  daia. 

all  that  has  ever  borne  that  exeorabla       "  And  by  whsi  right,  moarionr,"  she 

title,  for  the  shame  and  misfortune  of  asked,  "  do  you  come  to  give  me  your 

honest  people !     ^Vhile  one  was  lob-  counsels  1     Is  it   because  I  bear  the 

bing  me  of  my  money  in  my  shop,  the  punishmeot  of  your  dastardly  haaeoesa, 

other  was  robbing  mc  of  my  daughter  that  you  claim  over  me  an  autharity  j 

in  her  ebsmber  !    They  had  made  a  which  I  disavow  J"  I 

&ir  division  of  the  spoils  of  the  |>oor       The  young  man  raised  himself  ere^  I 

metehaat — the  one  was  breaking  m  at  with  a  noble  air.     "  You  ask  me  I? 

the  door,  the  other  at  the  window — the  what  right  V  he  cried,  so  oa  to  M 

one  was  carrying  off fhe  gold,  the  other  heard  by  all  present.     "  By  the  ni^^  I  I 

the  honor!      Wretches!    wretches!  of  the  guilty  to  repent  and  to  eipuiftjiOOQlC 


1844.]                                      Croumtd  Rkymet,  161 

their  boltft— bj  llie  right  of  the  imprn-  chionem  !"    said    Polivesu,  with    hia 

deot  to  repaji  the  miHcbJef  Ihey  have  maaiaa    laugh  ;    "  she   wishes   lo   be 

done;  And,  if  that  13  not  eDODgb,  by  the  forced  lo  it,  (he  aood  atid  genUe  erea- 

right  of  a  huBbsnd  to  watch  over  his  tore  !      Come,  the  rest   of  yon,  take 

wife,  for  I  call  to  witnese  all  here  pro-  hold  of  ber — she  will  reward  yoa  when 

MDt,  OD  my  faith  as  a  gentleman  aod  ahc  becomes  a  duchess,  and  I  will  thuilc 

OD  my  bonoi>  I  swear  to  bate  no  other  you." 

wife  than  this  unhappy   girl  whom  I  "  Father  !  father  !*'   cried  poor   Ro- 

tone  compromised  by  an  ineonaiderate  seite,  while  DefuDCtis  was  drsiggiDg 

proceeding."  her  away  in  spile  of  her  resiatancB ; 

Ae  he  listened  to  this  sotemn  pro-  "  hare  you  indeed  so  cut  me  off  1" 

miae,  the  magistrate  shook  his  head  8he  was  aboat  lo  diaappeai  with  the 

•lightly,  in  token  of  doubt,  while  Poli-  lieutenant  and  Villenegte.     The  ttA- 

Tcau  btiiet  into  a  fit  <^m(K)king  laugh-  diera     of    the    guard    were    already 

ter.  mounted. 

"Come,  sir,"  continued  the  maTqcis,  "  Sica    Poliveaa,"    said    Defonctis, 

addressing  himselftDDefoactis,"  carry  paaeing  on  the  threshold,  "when  youc 

nto  effect  your  laudable  intention ;  and  heart  of  a  father  shall  awake  again 

do  sot  forget  that  it  is  the  Marehoiness  you  will  come  sad  a^  bm  for  yunr 

lie  Vitlen^gre  who  is  henceJbrlh  com-  daoghler  back." 

milted  to  your  paternal  care  '."  "  Never  1  never '."  cried  the  old  man. 

The  lieutenBnt  of  police  bowed,  and  ina*Oiceoflhander,ajidraisiBghimseIf 

wished  to  conduct  Hosetle  away,  but  erect  and  extending  hia  hand  towards 

she  resisted  with  all  her  strength.  her,  "  May  t^l  the  dames  of  hell " 

"  Never  I  never  1"  she  cried,  in  pierc-  But  he  did  not  finish  the  cone,  for 

ing  accents.  he  fell  senseless  the  taoinent  his  be- 

"Ahl  ah!  she  will  not  be  a  mac-  loved  child  disappeared  from  bis  sight. 

Eni  tf  Ptrl  Firtt.—Ptrt  Sitond,  iki  ctmlntint,  in  mr  mi. 


CROWNED  RHYMES. 

(WsuH  *■■  lbs  ruhkni,  in  IHennire,  lo  imtuliB  ID  verbal  uJ  IllerKl  *nute(9.i«ch  u  icroiiiriuid 
■at  tttfities  limti  riict)  Uio  criBKJ  rtiMt  vis  wlUi  niDo  ■  fsvorile.  T'i»  niii  B  reprlltioii.  u 
Ibcend  of  thellPA.  of  one  ot  mora  tyllabfc^  hi  d^fterfnl  worcU.  m  CAdfrivi'd  u  tnlrrtpap  IbDHiuv 
(^OwpouBfe.  ToRcronrplMi  ihlfl.  annie  tnvcrvkiA  tad  <[qslDlBHB,  la  Uie  conatrucUoa  sod  IsifBife, 
><insni.  In  I  niTiirr  1 rry  Tliii  wvi,liiil(cil,  lii«uy  irllliDC  iKiinoi  norjciluui  thelkl4llDn- 
a^*coqcci1■l>r(he1t^Jr  xich  u 

"  Ukm  Wdark  llfh:.  kaeslti  loiif  iMba  Ud." 


five  below  i  brief  ipcclmcn  of  neta  croirncd  rhynn.    The  fabjnl  nrflklnnry  IndlrMw 

Mora  now  on  orient  bills  made  fair  her  light  alight ; 

Of  fresh  and  dew-brigbt  Bcenea  'gsn  bouateaus  store  restore; 
The  hanter-youth  then  pat  his  arrowy  flight  in  fliglil, 

When  tow'rd  him,  wild  wiih  rage,  right  onward  bore  a  hoar. 

Him  could  nor  strength  nor  arms  against  that  fiend  defend, 

Nor  skill  the  rushing  brute,  with  spear  at  rest,  arrest. 
Then  to  him  flew  hia  love,  quick  to  befriend  her  friend  i 

In  death  he  struggling  lay,  ifaoogh  lo  her  prest,  opprest. 

His  blood  Sowed  from  his  woand,  and  thence  arose  a  rose  i 

A  sweet  bird  sweetly  aung,  ber  grief  to  allay,  a  lay ; 
The  flower  yields  to  the  wind,  and  as  it  blows,  it  blowa ;  ^-^  j 

The  soDg  Btealt  OR  the  wind,  ita  airy  way,  away.  ),iitiz^d  -y  vjOOQIC 


7*«  Wut,  the  Paro&M  o/tht  P«r. 


THE  WEST,  THE  PARADISE  OF  THE  POOR. 


"  In  listening  to  a  WeaUrn  speaker,"  hia  neighbor  hu  iwioe  aa  much.  Theae 

says  some  newspaper  historian  with  poor  men  are  out  of  out  limit.    Th^ 

great   apparent   graTit;,   "  every   one  are   beyond   our  horiion  ;  in  taot,  wa 

has  felt  that  the  orator  wss  Btrnggling  have  left  them  behind.    Their  convea- 

to  impart  some  inpreasionB  too  mightj  tional  porerty  is,  no  doubt,  very  trying, 

or  too  unique  to  be  traaBferied  by  one  and  it  is  in  our  heart  to  console  ibem, 

speech  to  a  a  Eastern  audience."  This  if  we  knew  how.     LesTiag  their  sor* 

idea   has  in  it  somethiag   ludicroua —  rows  untooohad,  therefore,  we  torn  to 

that  the  grandeur  of  our  lakea  and  the  man  whose  poverty  is  not  coiiv«i- 

forests  should  bo  affect  our  mode  of  tional — whose  capital  lies  in  his  hands, 

speech  as  to  make  ub  unintelligible  to  and  whose  income  is  juat  what  thooa 

common  mortals  who  have  seen  no  hands  can  procure  him,  employed  in 

tiver  longer  than  the  Connecticut,  and  the   roughest    service   which    mothat 

sailed  on  none  more  majestic  than  the  Earth  exacts  of  her  tudeet  bodb.     For 

Hudson.    Perhaps  the  writer  ioieaded  such  a  man  the  Westcin  wilderness  is 

to  convey  a  covert  satire   (not  wholly  a  blooming  field,  and  though  there  may 

nndeserved,)   on    a   certaiu  grandilo-  be  poetry,  there  is  no  fiction,  in  calling 

qoeace  to  which  we  are  a  little  prone,  the  West  his  Home. 

and  to  leeommend  a  less  ambitious  The  lirat  aim  of  a  poor  man  of.  this 

mode  of  communicaliag  oui  thoughts,  claaa  inuat  of  course  be  (henecesBaries 

This  censure,  if  censure  be  meant,  we  of  life.     Here   he  finda  Ibem  at  first 

ahall  try  to  avoid,  by  limiting  ourselves  cost.     He  pays,  for  roost  of  them,  a 

to  a  single  branch  of  those  coosidera-  profit  to  nobody  ;  not  to  the  fanner,  for 

tions  which  naturally  spring  np  before  if  he  chooses,  he  may  dig  for  himaelf 

the  mind  of  one  who  makes  the  West,  and  plough  for  himself,  since  he  oma 

in  its  various  aapeots  and  relations,  the  hire   both  ground  and  oxen  if  be  has 

subject  of  hia  thoughts.     Still  further  not   money   to  buy   them,  paying  the 

warned  by  the  remarks  of  the  critic,  hire  in  a  portion  of  the  fruits  raised, 

whether  friendly  or  otherwise,  we  shall  He  pays  nothing  to  the  carrier,  for  ar- 

not  say  one  word  about  our  lakes  and  ticlea  of  the  first  necessity  are  at  hand ; 

livers, — oar   boandless   territory — oar  nor  to  the  wholeaale  or  retail  dsaJet, 

politieial    importance — out    exoberant  for  what  his  own  hands  do  not  procua 

schI  and  oar  swelling  popiflation.     We  directly  he  obtains  by  barter  for  their 

know,  and  we  conclnde  that  all  the  labor.     In  the  new  country  the  earth 

ends  of  the  earth  know  hy  this  time,  giants  a  fiee  supply  to  all  those  who 

tiiat  "  Westward  the  star  of  Empire  have  Btrength  and  courage  to  take  it 

takes  its  way."    We  feel  it,  and  with  from  hei  bosom. 

all  due  pride  ;  but  at  present  we  have  Our   poor  man   knows  no  ezactiig 

nothing  to  do  with  the  alar  of  Empire.  landlord.    There  are  for  him  no  caJen- 

An  humbler  theme — a  plaie,  practical  (to    triitet — no    heavy    quarter-days 

theme,  though  a  Wertern  one,  employs  when   his  rent  moBt   be   forthcoming, 

onr  pen,  ana  we  shall  endeavor  to  treat  If  he  needs  a  house  he  builds  one,  fiad- 

it  in  a  true  Western — which  we  shall  ing  the  materials  in  the  forest.     He 

beg  leave  to  interpret  a  plain,  practical  cuts   into   proper   lengths  the  ancient 

manner,  without   "  atruggling  to  im-  trunks  which  stand  ready  at  his  haml, 

part  some  impression,  too  mighty  or  shapes  them  at  the  ends,  and  gets  ready 

too  nnique  for  words."  the  beams  and  rafters,  all  witli  his  own 

The  impresBion  we  wish  to  convey  trusty  axe.    When  these  are  drawn  or 

respects  the  poor  man — the  really  poor  rolled   together,   he   is   reedy  for   thfl 

man  ;  not  him  who  with  fiAy  thousand  raising,  which  is  accomplished  in  one 

dollars  is  poor  because  he  luks  not  five  anernoon  by  the  willing  aid  of  a  domi 

hundred  thousand ;  nor  even  him  who  or  a  boom  of  neighbors,  each  of  whom 

with  a  thonssml  a  year  is  poor  because  has  known  what, it  was  to  need  tho 


8l  = 


1844.]  Tlie  Welt,  the  Paradite  of  Ike  Poor.  183 

mnne  seiriee.  Here  ii  ■  house  half  much  respect  hen,  where  the  tne^na 
finiabEd,  and  for  cninpletiDg  it  little  of  Mj'uig  are  «a  euil^  secured,  for  the 
is  required  beyond  the  owner's  own  niftn  nho  allows  himself  to  "  come 
labor — and  behold  our  poor  man  a  upon  the  town."  Ow  poor  man  is 
householder.  almost  too  laij  to  taik  ;  1>ut  even  he 

Fael,  the  supply  of  which  (bmishes  would  hare  found  a  war  to  lire  if  his 
elsewhere  so  painful  a  eoolraat  be-  wife  had  not  been  bedridden, 
tween  the  comfnrta  of  lbs  laboring  Not  only  do  the  cow  and  pigs  of 
claiBS  and  their  employers,  is  here  to  the  so-oalled  poor  man  lire  on  the 
he  had  for  the  catting.  Oar  poor  man  public,  but  all  our  cows  and  pigs  do 
does  not  sit  cowering  otot  a  handfal  of  the  same  for  most  of  the  year,  and  if 
coals  or  a  conple  of  brands,  forced  to  ihey  are  godi  foragers  they  pick  iq>  a 
see  his  half  dozen  little  ones  changing    pretty  good  living  too.     Instead,  there- 

f laces  to  get  scantily  warm  by  turn*,  fore,  of  wondering  that  the  poor  nan 
lis  cabin  ts  rude,  but  there  is  no  freei-  should  keep  these  nscful  animals,'the 
iog  spot  in  it.  That  luxury  of  luxu-  wonder  would  be  should  he  do  withoat 
lies  ift  our  northern  winters — a  blszing  them.  Only  the  rich  man  can  aSoTd 
wood-Gre — gites  him  no  cause  to  foar  that.  And  the  wide  meadows  tomiah 
lest  the  current  <ff  life  should  turn  to  not  only  the  summflr'*  grass  but  the 
ice  in  the  Tcins  of  those  he  loves,  winter's  hay — bountifiil  profisum  for 
Whsterer  other  evils  beset  hibi,  he  the  new  settler,  and  eqaally  open  to 
IcDOwa  not  the  cold  hearthstone.  thepoor  and  t&e  rich. 

Shelter  and  fael  being  tho*  readily  The  poor  man  in  the  new  countr; 
provided,  let  us  consider  what  farther  has  one  aid  not  dreamed  of  in  the  oMet 
adranttige  car  poor  man  finds  in  a  new  setllementa — his  children.  These  are 
«otratrT-  Is  it  none  to  have  at  his  elsewhere  a  sabjeot  of  dread  to  those 
very  dour  large  anenclosed  tracts —  who  depend  on  the  dsy's  labor  for  the 
pasture-land  which,  whether  owned  by  day's  food,  and  not  always  as  weleooie 
Government,  by  the  non-resident,  or  as  they  shoald  be  to  some  pei^le  who 
by  die  settler  who  has  not  found  means  have  plenty  to  eat.  Here-,  "  the  more 
1o  fence  in  tfae  whole  territory  which  the  merrier,"  and  the  better  off,  too. 
«dls  him  master,  forms  an  important  For  six  iDenths  of  the  year  hats  and 
part  of  his  available  means  1  His  oow  shoes  are  oat  of  fashion,  and  drapery  of 
and  pig  have  unlimited  privilege  in  an  almost  classical  simplicity  is  quite 
-these  broad  savannas,  and  their  ap-  safficieni  for  the  youn^r  children.  So 
pesrsDCe  shows  that  wild  ^rasa  and  the  "  outward  "  is  easily  provided  for ; 
acorns  make  excellent  living-  But  while  the  inner  man  is  solaced  with 
the  reader  may  say  that  we  promised  bread  and  m&k  half  a  dozen  dmes 
bim  a  notice  of  the  absalutely  poor  a-day,  and  asks  tor  little  else.  At 
roan,  and  that  we  have  no  right  to  seven  or  eight  years  old  these  bread 
bUow  him  a  cow  and  pig.  If  this  and  milk  urchins  begin  to  be  osefal ;  to 
be  an  error, it  is  on  the  other  side,  "do  chores,"  to  run  on  errands,  and 
Vfe  were  led  into  it  by  thinking  of  the  even  to  drive  oxen  and  feed  calves.  I 
poorest  man  we  know,  and  he  has  not    hare  seen  one  of  these  fanotionariea. 


but   two — not   one   pig,  but    hatjess  and  shoeless,  harrowing,  with 
:en.     He  owns,  too,  a  frame    a  great  pair  of  oxen,  and  issumg  his 
house,  filled  in  with  brick  and  wanned    haws  and  gees  with  all  the  authority 


by  a  stove.     He  has  a  small  chest  of  of  three-soore,  while  his  head  reached 

carpenter's  tools,  and  calls  himself  a  scarcely  half  way  ap  the  sidea  of  the 

carpenter,  but  we  allow  him  the  title  team  he  was  driving.     From  tiaa  thejr 

only  by  conrtesy  ;  and  this  is  the  poor-  become  more   and   more  useful,  nnUl 

est  man  we  know  or  have  known  dur-  they  reach  their  teens,  when  he  mast 

ing  six  years'  residence  in  the  woods,  be  a  poor  block  indeed  who  does  not 

Be  is  the  only  man  in  the  town  who  pay  t«ok  into  the  common  treasury 

has  received    public  charity  in    that  more  than  he  takes  from  it.     "A  son 

time,  and  wc  are  not  likely  to  epeak  and  daughter  are  the  rich  man's  Ucss- 

too  favorably  of  him,  for  the  man  who  ing,"  saith    ibe  proverb,  'framed,  no 

askspublic  aid  is  not  likely  to  be  very  doubt,  hy  some  one  who  valued  the 

popular  among  us.     We  eive  freely  riches    more  than  son  aiKl'  daoektei 

enongh  sometimes,  but  we  do  not  like  both ;  bn(  out  poor  dmd  i*  nwre  ArtOr—  > 

to  give  on  compulsion.    There  isnot  aate,fot  bevoaatseachoMDfhishBt^^iOOQ  IC 


J64  Tie  West,  iht  Paradiie  cfihe  P*or.  [Aog- 

d«uit,  or  half-score,  »  bleseiof .    In-    ecoaomj ;  cay,  it  ia  even  Mchened  1^ 

Btekd  of  populatioD  prcBsbg  on  ihe  thrifty  managers  olsenlicrc,  but  ber« 
meutBofsubEieteiice,  our  granaries  are  too  generally  praclUed  lo  be  omitted 
ful]  to  overflowing,  and  stout  hands  in  our  budget  of  naya  and  iDeaiu.  It 
and  aclire  heads  are  the  very  ibings  is  the  system — we  speak  adrisedly — 
we  need  to  tarn  our  abundance  to  ihe  we  maau  Byateoi,  not  practice — of  bor> 
best  ace ouDt.  rowing,     lis  importance  to  the  welU 

JBut  aickaeBs  '.  what  is  lu  be  done  in    doing  of  him  who  comes  into  the  woods  i 

BJckness!     No  doctor  near — no  nurse    with    nothing,   is    seen  at  a  glance.  I 

to  be  hired — no  rich  people  at  hand  to  Every  neigfaliorhood  is,  by  ihia  plaOt 
aid,  with  heart  and  purse,  the  suffering  turned  into  a.  joint-stock  association, 
poor.  Spsre  thy  fears,  amiable  in-  the  goods  of  eacli  and  every  mender 
quirer  \  My  life  on  it,  in  your  crowded  being,  in  some  sense,  eommoa  pro- 
thoroughfare  s,  hired  nurses  are  scarce  perty.  It  differs  from  oiher  joiut-stoek 
eoongh  where  there  is  no  money,  and  companies  in  this  :  that  the  less  any 
medica]  aid  is  acarcely  mote  plenty  one  puts  in  the  more  he  takes  om.  No 
when  fees  are  wanting ;  and  as  for  fee  is  required  for  adnussian  into  this 
(jiaxity,  the  rich  do  nothing   for    the    general  loan  compeny ;  mere  residenee 

rr  in  coropariaon  with  what  the  poor    coiLfers  its  privileges,  as  it  does  thaw 
Ebr  each  other  in  estreinity.    For    of  citixen^ip.     The  new-comer  isoc-  I 

true  charier  there  must  be  sympathy,  castonally  troabled  with  a  little  bash- 
and  for  eSeclive  sympathy  there  must  fulness  aaoat  losing  his  freedom,  but  he 
be  some  similaiily  of  coiiditioa.  Ac-  soon  shsiiea  it  off,  and  becomes  se  per- 
eordingly,  we  find  the  aid  furnished  by  feci  is  the  art  of  borrowing  as  thoae  t» 
■he  wealthy  on  these  occasions  is,  for  whom  it  has  become  second  nature.  It 
(he  moet  part,  cold  and  stinted,  wbiic    requires  but  a  short  tioie  to  get  the  nut  | 

the  poor  give  more  freely  of  what  they  of  needful  articlea,  so  as  lo  know  pretty 
luve,  more  uoderstandingly  as  respects  nearly  where  to  find  them  when  want- 
tbe  wants  of  the  suffer? rs,  and  with  a  ed,  and  then  the  work  is  done.  EIm- 
wanadtandheartinessof  manner  which  where  the  rich  give — sometimes,  but 
doubles  the  value  of  the  gitl.  "Wo  do  they  never  lend.  The  poor  cannot 
>  gMat  deal  more  for  each  Dlhcr  than  give  much,  hut' they  are  boiinteoiw 
UiB  rich  do  for  ns,"  said  a  shrewd  mem-  leudGrs  of  all  that  they  pMseas.  W« 
ber  of  the  fraternity  to  me  once,  and  find  it  convenient  to  consider  all  u 
added,  driiy  enough,  "  and  we  don't  poor,  and,  consequently,  all  as  lenders, 
think  nothing  of  it  iteilhci."  Pree-  Or,  if  there  be  degrees  among  us,  the 
will  nursing  is  universal,  and  unpaid  rich  man  is  he  who  has  most  lo  lend, 
medical  aid  is  as  often  accorded  as  in  Horace  says,  of  Ihe  rich  tnen  of  bia 
the  older  aeulemenis,  and  "infallible"  day,  protunt  furihut,  they  are  a  re< 
remedies,  not  found  in  any  maleria  source  to  pilferers,  i.  e.,  can  be  plun- 
tntdica,  are  as  pleatj,  loo.  dered   without  feeling   it.      Our   rich 

Bat,  then,  thne  it  the  ague  season  '.  man  ia  rather  a  lesotitce  for  borrowers 
True;  and  when  you  hare  determined  — one  who  can  lend  and  never  flinch. 
hew  ntany  ootnplaintB  kuiwholesome  Now,  borrowing  is  more  respectable 
air,  sp«re  diet  and  stiiverLig  limbs  bring  than  begging  j  it  is  leas  trouble,  and  it 
on  the  poor  who  live  in  eities,  we  sball    saves  Uie  feelings,  loo.    As  the  benefit  i 

be  enabted  to  strike  the  balance  under-    received  is  to  be  repaid  only  by  a  eon-  J 

•landiOfly.  It  ma^  be  against  the  tra  loan,  and  as,  by  the  principles  of 
ane,  but  I  doubt  it.  And,  then,  as  a  our  company,  one  la  required  unly  lo 
fheud  ODce  consolingly  remarked  to.  lend  what  he  has,  it  is  plain  that  the 
■Be,  "  the  agne  does  not  last  always  ;''  utterly  poor  maci  is  doing  a  good  busi- 
and  Ihia  ia  to  be  put  in  the  other  side    ness. 

of  the  scale.  Perpetuity  goes  much  Scarcely  any  articjo  is  more  fre- 
towarda  aggravation,  in  ihe  estimate  of    queully  borrowed  thui  a  pair  of  haede,  i 

fanman  ills,  even  after  making  all  doe    and  sometimes  a  doien  pair  at  oaee.  J 

allowanee  for  ibe  power  of  habit.  Von  pass  by  a  euck  of  whcnt,  near 

The  chief  and  last  rosource  of  the    which  a  threshing  machine  is  planted, 
pots  man  amosg  us  whieh  we  shall    around  which  you  will  sea  some  twelve 
mention  at  present,  is  one  which  we    or  twenty  men  and  boys  busily  employ- 
have  not  sees  laid  down  in  any  work    cd.     The  owner  would  seem  to  00,%  . 
on    poliueal,  nor  oven    on  doneetio,    sort  of  rural  nabob,  to  be  able  to  et^K^QQQ  |  ^ 


1fl<4.1 


Tht  WtU,  tht  ParadUt  0/  tie  Poor. 


vani  the  eerrices  of  ao  laany  ftctire 
people ;  but  eo  for  from  this  tteinc  the 
ftot,  he  nuy  be  the  poorest  of  the 
group,  since  porertj  is  no  obstacle  to 
the  esrly  threshing  of  the  whe&t.  He 
is  topfty  each  of  hiaco-liborersada]''! 
mirk  when  e&llednpon  ;  and,  so  far  as 
retting  out  his  grain  is  concerned,  he 
IS  BO  worse  off  than  the  richest  man  in 
the  neighborhood.  This  artaogement 
-telle  plainly  for  the  benefit  of  him  whose 
hands  are  his  a!|. 

And  these  hands  well  used,  will  soon 
plaoe  him  above  even  this  creditable 
resource  of  poverty,  or  enable  him  to 
exchange  at  par.  Nowhere  within 
the  limits  of  oar  observatioo,  does  so 
large  a  share  of  the  returns  of  labor  go 
to  the  pay*  of  the  laborer.  The  em- 
ployed has  nearly  as  much  command  of 
■the  necessaries  and  conveniences  of 
life  as  the  employer.  Improved  land, 
hones,  cattle,  farming  implements, 
have  a  much  smaller  relative  value 
IhsD  the  labor  which makesthemavail- 
ablv  to  the  owner.  Aside  from  the 
cost  of  getting  produce  to  market,  the 
owner  of  an  hundred  acres  of  improved 
land,  with  everything  to  correspond, 
is  much  less  rich  ibao  one  who  owns 
an  equally  large,  well  slocked  and  fer- 
tile fiiin  in  Western  New  York, 
Wages,  nominally  higher  here,  are,  re- 
latively, very  much  higher.  The  ser- 
-vieea  which  a  bushel  of  wheat  would 
toy  anywhere  east  of  Lake  Krie, 
eottld  not  here  be  procured  for  less 
-th&n  a  bnshel  and  a  half,  and  as  to 
eveiy  other  article  of  domeatis  pro- 
-dnction,  tiie  ratio  would  be  atiit  higher. 
This  is  owing,  in  part,  to  the  extreme 
«hea|inesa  of  land,  and  in  part  to  the 
eeantinesa  of  our  working  population 
-eompaved  vrith  the  quantity  of  lend 
under  cultivation-  The  hired  laborer 
is  then  essentially  on  a  par  with  hia 
employer,  which  is  the  case  nowhere 
«lse  that  we  know  of. 

A  constant  approximation  ia  accord- 
ingly  obBervable  in  the  condition  of 
'tiloae  who  dwell  long  together,  The 
relativety  poor  get  rich  (that  ia  com' 
parativety)  maeh  fhaier  than  the  rela- 
tively rich  get  richer.  In  the  great 
▼aloe  of  labor  as  compared  with  tlot  of 
-th6  pToducta  of  labor,  property  tends 
vapidly  to  equalization.  Mere  bodily 
vigor  oommands  a  competence — an  am- 
ple, well-Koeked  farm  gives  scarcely 


IBS 

our  remarks  apply,  but  to  those  who 
undertake  the  lower  grades  of  mecha- 
nical labor.  Nowhere  is  the  third  m 
fourth -rale  carpenter  or  blacksmith 
better  paid,  cslimaliDg  his  pay  by  what 
it  will  buy  of  the  necessaries  of  life. 
A  saw  and  plane,  with  a  few  etceteras, 
in  addition  to  ihe  line  and  plummet, 
which  are  far  from  bringing  about  a 
perpendicular  always,  secure  to  their 
owner  a  pretty  good  liviog.  Many  a 
son  of  Vulcan  fattens  here,  whoae 
bungling  awkwardness  wnuld  not  be 
tolerated  in  any  iespp'':i'Li!e  smithy 
elsewhere.  In  fact,  no  mechanic  U 
any  grade,  nor  hia  wife,  nor  Ids  chil- 


obliged,  in  some  easos,  to  teach  the 
trade,  and  at  his  own  proper  coat  too. 

The  plenty  enjoyed  by  this  elase  ia 
of  coarse  limited  mostly  to  articles  of 
home  growth.  Foreign  prod  actions  pay 
quite  too  heavy  a  tax  into  the  nationd 
exchequer,  besides  the  cost  of  long  and 
expensive  transportation,  to  be  obtained 
quite  ao  easily. 

Nevertheless,  nowhere  can  the  real- 
ly inferior  mechanic  make  hitnself  a 
comfortable  home  with  so  liltle'diffl- 

Nor  is  our  workingman  or  mecfaanio' 
pained  with  any  violent  contrast  be- 
tween the  fruit  of  his  own  labor,  and 
that  of  those  whose  work  ia  more 
nearly,  thongh  not  altogether,  that  of 
the  head.  We  do  not  approve  of  puf- 
fing up  the  pride  of  these  laet  by  extra- 
vagant pay.    Why  should  a  man  be 


bnrningsutl  Accordingly,  the  Justice 
who  aits  fVom  morning  till  midnight 
listening  to  the  (vos  and  cons  of  a  tiro 
some  lawsnit,  gets  but  bis  fifty  cents  . 
and  the  schoolmaster  spends  his  day 
in  a  still  more  tiresome  employment, 
for  even  Jeas  money.  The  clergrmaa 
is  rather  worse  ofi'  than  either,  being 
oflen  expected  to  "  work  for  nothing 
and  find  faimaelf."  This  levelling 
principle  operates  to  the  sole  advantage 
of  those  whoae  means  {^ee  them  at 
the  bottom  of  the  scale.  If  they  oan- 
not  work  up  with  each  oircnmstanBee 
in  their  favor,  it  most  be  their  own 

What  we  have  here  said  of  the  de- 
mand fill  cheap  meefaaoietJ  labor,  aiid 
of  large  pay  for  poor  woA,  has  ■• 


Google 


IM                            TheWe*t,thtFaraditeqfthtPi>«r.  [^i^. 

towna  ud  rilUgea,  wbere  eRective  busy,  or  in  caaea  wher«  tbe  jobiasaeh 
skill  in  any  speciea  of  haadicrftA  ia  as  aume  are  noi  willLng  lo  undertake, 
duly  appreciated  and  well  rewarded.  Jack  ia  occaaiamlly  called  on.  He 
Tbe  pecdiarttiea  of  teal  Weetern  life  Boderstauds  hia  advaota^,  aad  drives 
are  acarcely  seen  in  these  minor  foci  a  abatp  bargain.  Not  bebg  hired 
ofneiTCiwniryiiitelligenceaDdactivily.  often,  he  has  no  lixed  ptice  for  hi* 
They  are  but  eopieB,  of  which  the  work,  but  makea  hia  demands,  to  bor- 
EaM  Atmifihes  the  prouilypes,  and  we  tow  an  expresaion  of  hia  own,  just  as 
must  say,  they  show  aometimeii  an  im-  he  "  can  light  o'  cbapa."  If  tbe 
proreineDt  od  the  original.  Here  is  "  chap"  mast  hare  hia  work  done,  and 
■o  lack  of  lewud,  in  the  substantial  has  anything  in  pay  with,  Jack  gets 
HDSe,  for  skill  and  merit  of  aimoat  any  perhaps  what  will  allow  him  to  smoke 
kind,  leait  of  all  for  that  displayed  in  hia  pi^  io  the  corner  for  a  week,  whils 
the  mechanic  arts.  Tbe  advaaiage  lo  bis  Wife  fries  pork  and  makes  hot 
akilful  nueehanicB  ia,  not  that  they  rise  bread  three  times  every  day.  Tbtii 
Itigher  than  they  would  in  [be  older  to  our  loafer  of  the  woods,  is  el^sium. 
settlementa — for  such  people  are  sure  But  it  is  abort,  after  all.  The  gane 
to  tiae  ftDTwhere — but  that  they  rise  is  not  all  his  own.  "  Ch^"  are  not 
sooner.  We  were  merely  showing,  in  always  lo  be  found,  and  Jack  not  do- 
eonnectioD  with  our  mam  subject,  ^at  frequently  gets  what  he  calls  "  down  in 
be  whose  skill  was  too  small  to  com-  ihemoulh.  This  happens  only  when  he 
'  the  ordinary  comforts  of  life  any-  cannot  by  any  cool  rivaQce  find  enonffk 


vhere  else  might  be  aure  of  Ending  to  eal  without  having  r 
them  in  the  new  counlry.  desperate  expedient  of  looking  for  work. 
We  hate  presented  tbe  case  of  the  Now  the  tables  are  turned.  If  he 
common  elase  of  laborers — of  those  seeks  employment,  the  thing  is  under- 
who,  laboring  with  their  hands  only,  stood  at  unce,  and  the  employer  gets 
n8|>rd  work  as  their  business,  well-  him  at  half  price.  It  is  not,  however, 
mtufied  if  they  have  enough  of  it  to  without  due  niggling,  for  one  of  Jack^s 
do,  and  are  well  paid  for  U  when  maxima  is,  "If  vou  don't  ask  it,  you 
done.  This  is,  of  course,  our  most  won't  get  it."  So  he  aaks  the  very  { 
pnmBrone  class  \  but  there  are,  even  highest  possible  price,  and  contest* 
in  this  sober  phalanx,  some  erratic  every  inch  of  the  descent.  We  have 
members — inegulars,  we  may  call  known  him  begin  with  demanding 
them — who,  far  from  regarding  work  twelve  shilling  for  a  particular  set- 
as  their  proper  huainees,  are  never  lo  vice  ;  fall  to  all — he  was  looking  for  a 
well  satisfied  as  when  they  can  aup-  job  ;  then  come  down  to  four — he  mnat 
port  life  without  working  at  all.  Thifi  have  it.  A  looker-on — a  kindred 
taste  ia  not  peculiar  to  them,  we  know;  apirit,  by  the  bye — obaetved,  "Why, 
bat  the  desire  for  a  certain  degree  of  Jack,  such  another  fall  would  break 
Leasehold  comfort  operates, — in  moat  your  neck  1"  Jack  probably  consoled 
caws,  among  civilised  people,  to  over-  himaelf  with  the  thought  ibat  hia  tarn 
come  the  idleness  which  seems  but  too  would  come  again. 
nalQial  to  us  all.  Theae  persons  have  But  work,  however  well  paid,  is  not 
a  settled  antipathy  to  cantbuous  labor,  the  thing  for  Jack.  It  is  only  an  aeei- 
and  if  they  were  obliged  to  spend  ten  dent  of  life.  The  true  busineas  is 
hoars  each  day  in  regular  exertion,  aoraeihing  tliat  stira  the  Wood— some-  ^ 
would  as  soon  do  it  in  prison  as  out.  thing  that  smacks  of  "  chance"  and 
Theycanwork  onlywhenthefitcames  "luck"  {Jack's  household  gods—)  to 
on  and  while  it  lasts ;  and  it  must  put  him  on  hia  mettle.  If  such  offer, 
be  after  their  own  faahion  too.  They  he  guhera  himself  op,  ahakes  off  his- 
are  of  the  genus  loafer— tt  race  not  lethargy,  and  assumes  aucb  a  port  and 
entirely  unknown  in  the  older  settle-  bearing  that  he  seems  hardly  tne  same 
menta;  bw  oois  hare  the  disiiactive  being.  How  eagerly  he  joins  a  fishing 
inaiks,  owing  to  difference  of  position,  parly  for  a  night  on  one  of  our  clear, 

Oui  forest  loafer  is  a  very  independ-  tranquil  lakes,  where,  with  a  flaming  | 

ent  and  bigh-minded  personage.     Hia  lorch    lUumioaiing    the     transparent  t 

■ervieu  ue  well  known  not  to  be  tegu-  depths,  and  reflected  far  on  tbe  gUaay  1 

Urly  io  the  market,  and  no  one  thinks  surface— a    sight  full  of  beauty— ha 

of  applying  to  him  on  ordinary  occa-  passes  the  hours  which  the  tired  labor-  I 

■iou.    In  ft  homed  time  when  sll  are  ei  must  devote  to  aleeg.    SliU  tovra  ^^  Vn 


1844.]  Tht  West,  th»  ParadUe  of  Iht  Poor.  1S7 

MgBtlj  does  he  mftke  one  at  the  wolf  tradea,  &nd  for  him  too,  the  wiid  ■wooia 

hunt,  and  ten  to  one  Jack  fires  the  sue-  bate   bodib   advantages.     The  first  ia 

eeBsful  (hot.  the   absence  of  competition,  which  in 

But   "  busioesB    before   pleasuie  !"  closer  qnartera  he  finds  so  bitter  an  eiM- 

Miys  he,  BO  he  wMcbes,  daj  after  day,  my.     Competition   drives   him   to  de- 

ftit  deer.     Tliis  ia  "  loafing"  to  parfee-  spair,  for  who  goes  to  the  cobbler  when 

tioD.     Hiirty  deer  in  half  a  jear !     It  he  can  hare  a  shoemaker  ^     But  in  Iha 

ia  almost  enough  to  tfmpt  □•  all  from  woods  the  oDiTersal  genius  has  do  ri- 

regnlar  indoBtry,    Bot  we  could  not  es-  ral  in  several  of  his  vocations.     H« 

pect  Jack's  luck.     He  was  born  to  the  neir-flags  old  chairs — pate  new  handles 

'  DDBiaess.     Withnhata  swelling  air  he  into  maimed  hoaiehold  orfanningnteD- 

brings  home  his  game,  his  hat  cocked  sils — coaxes  into  activity   superannn- 

on  one  side,  aod  bis  bands  in  his  pock-  ated  wooden-clocks — cares  all  horsea 

ets,  though  one  holds  the  bridle  of  the  and  cows  that  have  nothing  particular 

aluLggy  pony  that  bears  the  carcase,  the  matter  with  them — mends,  when  ha 

At  tniagforiouB  moment  how  heartily  ho  does  not  mar,  more  things  than  can  b« 

despises  the  dall  fellows  whom  be  sees  named — and  is,  in  ^t,  a  very  aseM 

aoberiy  at  work.     To  provide  for  to-  person — or  would  be  if  he  did  any  one 

morrow  seems  to  him  lO  be  a  work  of  thing  well.     As  it  is,  we  hardly  know 

supererogation.  what  we  shoold  do  without  him,  ao 

As  may  ba    supposed,    our    forest  many  are  the  calls  that  we  make  apon 

loafer,  like  his  more  refined  prototype,  him  in  default  of  somebody  belter  to 

Is  generally  out  at  elbows  and  out  at  call  upon. 

pocket  too.     The  latter  ia  of  little  mo-        The  universal  genius  has  one  pecu- 

mect,  fbr  it  is  only  when  his  pooket  is  liarity.     He  is  «ver  shifting  his  place, 

empty  that  he  is  of  the  least  use  to  but  without  going  further  than  the  next 

himself  or  anybody  else.     He  is  none  town,  or  at  the   otmosl,  (he  adjoining 

the  richer  a  month  after  for  any  good  conniy.      There    is  good  reason  ftn 

job  or  lucky  hit.     His  thirty  deer  are  both — tlie  migrations   and   the   incon- 

all  gone  but  a  few  skins  which  he  is  sidsnble  distance  to  which  they  ez- 

Iiretendiog  to  dress,  and  not  a  luim  is  tend.     In  counting  his  chances  he  has 

ud  op  in  salt  or  amoke  for  a  hungry  full  faith  that  almost  sny  change  wonld 

day.     While  it  lasted,  everything  atwut  better  his  lot,  since  it  could  scarcely  be 

him  fkred  well,  eren  to  his  dog  and  cat.  worse ;  and,  as  lo  going  far,  that  is  ont 

Hia  wife  has  a  gay  new  dress  too,  of  the  question,  8ince,though  his  moVe- 

Ihoush   she  generally    ^oei   barefoot,  ments  are  few  and  light,  his  pocket  ia 

and  uways  without  stockings.     He  has  lighter  still.     He  Aits  oHen,  therefore, 

"  awapped"  away  his  rifle,  giving  a  and  we  hardly  know  whether  to  be 

laige  proportion  of  his  deer  dollars  to  glad  or  sorry. 

boot;  not  that  the  new  one  Is  any  bel-  But  these  two  classes  form  but  aa 
ter,  but  it  has  more  brass  inlaying  inconsiderable  fraction  of  our  popnlft- 
abont  the  stock,  and  besides,  "any-  tion.  They  are  among  ua,  bat  bardlj 
tiling  for  a  trade!"  The  wood-pile  is  of  us.  If  we  own  them  it  is  with  a 
no  larger,  and  the  polatoe-bin  is  empty,  difference — a  kind  of  saving  clause — 
Bat  Jack  looks  to  "lack,"  and  in  tact  that  we  are  not  to  be  held  responsible 
neuhboT  A.'b  well  has  just  caved  in,  for  their  short-comings  or  their  overt 
and  Jack  is  in  request  to  take  out  the  acts.  Out  cammanity  is  chiefly  made 
stone  and  relay  it.  up  of  workers,  who  handle  the  axe  and 
The  wild  West  is  evidently  the  place  the  plough  much  better  than  Ihey  do 
for  Jack.  Where  could  he  so  well  the  rifle  or  the  fishing-rod,  and  whoso 
practise  his  favorite  maxim,  "  Lire  to-  principal  holidays  are  those  prescribed 
day  and  die  to-morrow  V  Where  so  by  law  or  irrefragable  custom — Inde- 
freel|r  indnlge  his  unconquerable  pro-  pendence,  Election,  Thanksgiving  anA 
penalty  for  reversing  the  natnial  order  New  Year.  In  the  backwoods,  there- 
of things — taming  day  into  night,  eat-  fore,  where  work  is  everything  anA 
ing  now  six  meals  a-day,  now  one  in  everything  is  work,  though  loafers  and 
twenty-fonr  honrs — making  his  work  a  universal  geniuses  need  not  starve,  yet 
play  er  else  working  not  at  all  t  no  one  who  is  not  a  worker  must  eipeot 
Thoogh  Jack  deserves  the  first  place  to  stand  very  high  in  the  public  recvd. 
in  our  corps  of  irregulars,  he  does  not  We  see  so  much  that  is  the  fmit  of  labor 
stand  alone.    We  have  our  jack-at-alU  —bodily  labor—that  weare prone  tothink     .-,  . 

Coogle 


198  The  WetC,  the  ParaJiie  of  the  Poor.  [Aog. 

it  can  accompliBh  eveiythirg  desirable,  are  nearly  all  ibe  good  things  in  life  !  If 
and,  by  a  natural  inference,  to  cunclude  superiorilj  tn  mind  and  manners  com- 
thatnhateverit cannoiaccoinjili&hisnot  mand  no  respect;  if  no  reverence  be 
desirable.  This  inference,  though  not  felt  for  iiilellectual  atlainmenta  or  the 
exactly  logical,  has  a  very  importaot  higher  moral  endowments,  can  any 
(jewing  on  the  condition  of  the  wotting  improTement  in  these  he  expected  T 
man.  It  throws  eterylhing  into  the  And  in  BysIematicaJly  placing  out  of 
back  ground  but  manual  labor,  nhich  sight  nut  of  mind  the  (hings  on  which, 
occnpies,  in  fact,  nearly  the  whole  field  if  al  all,  Iho  inner  man  must  thrive, 
of  Tiew.  One  man  may  be  a  better  do  we  not  pay  a  high  price  for 
scholar  than  anollier — that  is,  may  strict  social  equality — so  strict  u  to 
have  pushed  his  literary  ambition  be~  interfere  even  with  private  domestic 
Tond  the  spelling-book,  writing  legi-  arrangements,  based  on  a  wide  difier- 
bly,  and  the  first  four  rules  of  ariihrae-  encein  habits  and  feelings  1  The  eon- 
tic — but  accomplishments  beyond  these  sequence  of  the  actual  state  of  things, 
modest  flights  hare  very  litilt!  influence  even  in  regions  where  much  advance 
in  procuring  honor,  office  or  income,  has  been  made  in  the  means  of  life,  is 
The  score  or  two  of  To«ti  offices  fall  what  might  be  eipeeled.  Of  the  half- 
as  oAeo  to  the  roan  whose  two  hands  dozen  families  within  the  circle  of  out 
are  his  all,  as  to  him  who  has  a  head  observation  who  came  to  the  wilds  with 
on  his  shoulders  and  knows  how  (o  use  a  larger  share  of  intelligence  and  re- 
it.  The  working  man  will  find  a  home,  finemenl  than  is  possessed  by  Ibo  set- 
with  or  witboul  a  heid.  If  he  be  am-  tiers  generally,  there  is  not  one  that  is 
bitious,  he  need  not  despair  of  reach-  not  degenerating  tn  manners  and  men- 
jng  a  seat  on  the  justice -bench,  or  per-  tal  habits ;  not  one  [we  say  it  with  BOr- 
haps  the  stand  of  occrseer  of  highways,  mw)  where  the  children  are  not  inferior 
or,  at  the  very  least,  Ibe  Inspectorship  to  the  parents,  or  in  fact,  wbeie  they 
of  Schools.  arc  materially  above  the  noinstmcted 
That  interpretation  of  the  levelling  mass  around  them.  The  very  almo- 
prineiple  which  reduces  all  to  the  sphere  of  society  is  averse  to  mental 
standard  of  work  or  its  products,  must  culture,  and  all  refinement  is  so  syste- 
be  considered  as  prescribing  a  very  nulically  as  well  as  practically  decried, 
narrow  limit  for  the  efforts  of  any  class  as  to  have  fallen  into  abbolute  discredit, 
of  people.  The  promotion  of  physical  To  account  for  this  is  no  part  of  out 
comfort  and  advantage — the  mullipli-  present  purpose.  It  is  enough  to  state 
cation,  ad  infinilum,  of  the  means  of  it  as  the  obvious  result  of  the  principle 
■absistence  ;  the  mere  solicitude  about  which  recognizes  none  but  physical 
things  that  "  perish  in  the  using,"  are  distinctions,  and  is  actually  opposed  to 
certainly  poor  matters  to  fill  the  souls  the  habits  and  pcacticea  which  arise 
and  satisfy  the  wishes  of  rational  crea-  from  a  different  view  of  mental  and 
tnres,  even  in  these  beginnings  of  8o-  moral  culture.  There  is  nothing  in 
eiety.  It  would  seem  that  something  the  fact  to  deter  the  poor  man  from 
more  should  be  accomplished  or  at  least  making  the  West  his  home.  It  is  so 
attempted:  that  the  seeds  of  mental  gratifying  to  feel  ourselves  "as  good 
culdvation,  elevated  moral  feeling  and  aa_  the  best,"  and  to  aland  on  a  U*el 
correct  taste,  should  be  sown,  even  with  the  highest— supposing  that  better 
unraltaneoosly  with  ths  first  grain,  by  and  higher  had  place  in  on r  vocabulary 
•  people  who  boast  so  loudly  of  general  — that  fei#  will  be  frightened  by  the 
intelligence  as  we  do.  Can  tiiia  be  reReotion thattherei8no"lowerplace" 
expected,  where  no  other  standard  of  for  them  to  occupy. 
excellence  or  superiority  is  admitted  However  problematical  this  advan- 
■ave  that  which  Tefers  to  manual  labor !  tage  may  be,  no  one  can  doubt  the  real 
Wai  not  the  young  admire  and  prize  benefit  and  satisfaction  of  living  where, 
that  which  they  see  admired  and  prized  externally  at  least,  all  around  is  rapidly 
by  their  natnral  guardians  and  direct-  improving.  Thegtinof  every  seseon 
ors  1  If  they  see  farms  and  stock  and  manifests  itself  to  the  eye,  and  every 
bams  the  chief  objects  of  interest,  and  person  makes  a  part  of  the  improTft- 
thepoKerof acqauingtIiesethiDgBcon-  ment  which  he  witnesses.  The  im- 
■idered  the  proper  aim  of  every  eETort,  pulse  of  progress  communicates  itsdf 
will  they  not  be  apt  to  eo&clade  that  to  all.  Every  additioaal  piece  of 
good  ImniiB,  good  bstiw,  and  good  atook,  groond  that  is  broken  op  for  dlling,  11 1  ^ 

O     " 


1844-1  The  Wtit,  th«  Pamdue  of  tlu  Poor.  |S9 

ef«fj  good  fence,  «verT  oem  bam,  ia  a  t'lTUe  far  himself,  either  at  once,  or 

^enw  of  conversation  and  intere«t,  and  atler  a  short  period  shall  have  pot  him 

not    nafrequently   of  emulation,   to   a  in  poueoiiOD  ofthe  means  of  doingBO. 

whole  neighborhood.     So  atrong  is  the  The  bleeaedaeas  of  him 
impulse  from  thia  aonrce,  that  these 

traprovementa  seem  to  be  made  in  con*  "  Who  (eiveth  not  ana|her*i  will," 

cert ;    and,    among   twenty   or   thirty 

ftrmeis  who  hate  made  oat  to  dispense  is  nonhete  more  keenly  appreciated ; 

■  with  barns  for  four  or  Sre  years,  half  and  hard  labor,  poor  accommodations, 

vill  perhaps  bnild  them  in  one  seaaon.  and  plain  fare,  are  always  preferred,  if 

If  A.  has  a  nice  large  barti,  B.,  though  accompanied  with  entire  independence, 

not  half  so  able  to  build  one  aa  A.,  will  to  far  more  luxurious  quarters  as  the 

not  be  easy  nntil  he  has  a  barn  too,  hireling  of  another. 
though  it  may  be  necessarily  fat  infe-         A  second  cause  of  the  high  price  of 

riot  to  the  former.  labor,  is  the  great  proportionate  amount 

Theregalar,01dWorldagTiculinraltst  of  labor  required.     In  an  old  settled 

may  wonder  how  an;  farmer  can  do  country,  labor  is  chiefly  in  demand  foi 

wiUiont  a  ham ;  but  it  is  one  of  the  con-  continuing  cultivation  ;  in  the  eompar- 

BoTations  of  oar  poor  man  that  he  soon  ative  wildernees,  on  the  other  hand,  it 

learns  how,  at  the  West.  is  required  for  subduing  the  earth,  aa 

Notwit^tandingmany  hardshipsand  well  aa  for  cult  it  all  ng  tracts  alrMdy 
diaaonrtgementa,  this  featora  of  new-  brought  under  the  plough.  Thisforma 
country  existanee — perpetual  and  mani-  a  great  additional  source  of  employ- 
f«M  Egress — is  very  animating.  It  ment  for  [he  laborer.  In  a  new  coun- 
■aturally  inspires  hope  and  confidence,  try  the  surplus  which  is  created  by  la- 
Hard  labor,  poor  crops,  meager  fare,  bor  ia  from  year  to  year  invested  in  im- 
and  unaccustomed  and  tedious  illness,  provementa,  which  create  further  de- 
may  oTcrcloud  the  whole  face  of  the  mand  for  labor.  In  this  way,  every 
present,  but  the  future  is  ever  bright  new  improvement  furnishes  the  meana 
with  promiset  The  elastic  feeling,  iu-  for  new  outlay,  by  which  the  laborer  ia 
cident  to  a  new  and  growing  country,  the  first  to  profit.  For  a  series  of  years 
communicates  itself  to  all  ;  and  no-  the  course  is  to  break  up  more  land  to 
where  does  the  tiller  of  the  ediI  so  raise  wheat  in  order  to  break  np  mora 
speedily  recover  himself  from  the  effect  land.  Labor  can  never  have  so  great 
m  untoward  cirenmsiances.  The  pow-  comparative  value  as  when  the  country 
ei  of  self-adaptation  aeems  inherent  in  is  in  its  transition  atate  from  wild  to 
the   aettler.     He  learns  even  to  make  cultivated. 

pTttaent  diffieultiea  conduce  to  fntnre        This    condition    of  things,  which, 

proepnity,  by  means  of  the  habits  of  afler  allowing  for  all  the  hardship  and 

economy  and  management  which  would  disadvantages   connected   with   it,  we 

have  been  learned  with  far  less  rapidity  may  traly  call  blessed,  in  reference  to 

and  eerlainty  nnder  easier  circnmstan-  the  masses  who  are  benefited  by   it, 

eee.  has  its  ultimate  origin  in  the  fact  that 

We  hare  mentioned  the  high  price  of  the  Government  transfers  the  right  of 

labor  as  one  of  the  poor  man's  advanta-  property  in  the  soil  for  a  cunsidccalion 

SB.     It  may  not  he  amiss  to  advert  to  scarce  greater  than  the  price  of  iho 

e  causes  of  this.    The  scantiness  of  title-deeds.    The  nation  virtnally  be- 

the  population  has  been  alluded  to  as  stowe  upon  each  of  its  poor  citizens  aa 

the  main  eanse,  but  this  needs  esplan-  mnch  land  as  he  can  cultivate.    What 

's  evident  that  a  scattered  other  nation  has  the  power  of  confer- 


popolation  is  far  from  being  always  a  ring  such  a  boon  upon  the  poor  t     We 

faToratde  eircamstanee  to  the  laboring  aay  npon  the  poor,  for  experience  baa 

olaMea.    On  the  contrary,  nowhere  is  shown  that  none  others  oan  profit  by 

their  condition  worse  than  ra    some  it.    Only  to  the  poor  man,  who  wisbu 

widely-extended   and    thinly    peopled  to  occupy  and  improre  the  land,  ia  it  « 

ooBBlries,  anch  as  Turkey  and  Itnssia.  benefit ;  and  to   nim   it  is  invsloable. 

Boi  the  smalt  araonnt  of  labor  in  the  It  forms  a  practical  corrective  of  the 

market,  which  is  the  canse  of  its  com-  evils  caosad  by  the  tendency  of  pro- 

manding  ao  high  a  price,  ia  owing  to  periy  to  accumulate  in  large  masaea.     ^ 

the  extreme  cheapness  of   the  land.  It  ia  the  aim  of  a  good  government  to  (^~'/-\i-vi-\[p 

TUe  theapneaa  leads  every  nan  to  enl-  lessen  these  evils  without  enorouhing  vj  KJ  (J^  I C 


ItO  The  Wtst,  tht  ParadUt  oflbt  Poor.  [ABf. 

apoti  the  rights  of  individuda.     Oai  tara  no  desire  to  follow  lh«in.    Oar 

htppj  position  enables  ns  to  strike  nt  simple  judgment  is,  that  Frofidenee 

tbe  root  of  the  difficultj,  and  b;  the  d'eailj  poiola  to  the  nn  restricted  totei- 

rirtaal  giit  of  a  freehold  to  ever;  poor  cooiae   of  man   with   man,  the  world 

man  who  is  disposed  io  take  possesaiixi  orer,  aa  a  good  to  which  01 


.  to  prevent  that  excesaife  ine-  hamanity  has  sn  indiapatable  'right ; 

qnality  of  prnpertTwhich,  in  the  ooqd-  but  we  tmst  that  the  manifold  adtan- 

tries  of  the  Old  Worljj  is  the  worst  tagea  enjojed  hy  the  Western  ssttler, 

enemy  akke  of  individual  happiness  will  enable  him  to  overcome  this  diffi- 

and  national  prosperity.     It  is  sorely  cclty,  great  though  it  ^.     One  conse- 

no  inconsiderable  step  towards  main-  qaence  is  natural  and  evident — anen- 

tainiog  something  like  an  equilibrium,  forced    aimplicitr    of    living,    which, 

to  bestow  on   the    poor   %   poMeaaion  perhaps,  aiui  all,  will   prove  a  beiiefit 

which  (he  labor  of  nia  own  hands  will  inateiJl  of  an  injary  to  the  farmer  aod 

render  ample  for  his  support.     We,  in  his  rising  family. 
Act,  secure  independence  to  all  who       We  insist,  as  we  have  before  hinted, 

are  able  and  willing  to  woik.    No  man  that  the  real  lack  of  the  Western  far- 

here  need  continaeloDg  in  the  service  of  mer  concerns  tlie  inner  and  not  the 

oAtere  ;  and  therefore,  those  who  de-  outer  man. 
airesBch  BsrviceB  are  obliged  to  bid  «i^      ■      r  u 

high  for  them,  in  order  to  induce  the  „  ,.        .    .,...•"."?  «*"™ 

^fn.,_  .w.,.^  .n  .).<!o.  6>-  .  ..i.;i_  tk^  Visits  no  fredilier  the  nch  man's  browi 

rtreng-armed  to  defer  for  a  while  the  He  has  hi.  portion  of  ewh  silver  alar 

aausfaclion  of  working  for  themselves  g^,  ^^  ^i,  iTe  as  freely  |  and  the  Usbt 

*»  masters,  with  that  feeling  of  inde-  Qf  the  West  sun  poors  on  his  bo^as 
pendence  which  is  to  the  American  as  [j^ar 

the  breath  of  his  nostrils.  As  on  the  golden  missal  of  a  king." 

In  order  to  be  impartial,  we  ought, 

perhaps,  to  set  forth  on  the  other  side  And  wo  hope  yet  to  be  able  to  borrow 

the  complaints  of  the  Western  settler  still  further  the  words  of  the  poet — 
that  what  the  Government  gives  him 

'■'"''  ...    -  "  Nert  to  the  WM-ks  of  God, 


which  he  may  wish  to  barter  the  fruits  In  lavish  folness,  when  and  where  he 
of  the  Boil.     The  agricultariBt  within  *""• 

reach  of  mamifactoring  establishments,  ™  *"•  '»  W»  w**"  dwelling,  and  c(«A- 

has  a  compensation  for  the  extra  prices  „.,,  -"""f*       .  ™  .         , ,.      .    . 

he  is  comVelied  to  pay,  in  the  icrre-  ^'^  ff^^  «""  ^^  ^•^^  ■*?*■ 

««nJm,r  nri,.-  ^w,.n.  ««.iv«  B«-  Of  all  great  men  aod  hrfji   Md  Ihe 


his    (^"■^^on--     To    the    Western  written  in  fire  by  Milton,  and  (he  king 

farmer  the  burthen  "without  an  eqni-  of  Israel,  and  the  troop  of  glorion.  b^H 

valent,  and  he  feels  it  to  be  most  op-  ^^-^^  ^^  ^^^^  tis  soul  op  to  the  Ai : 

pressive.     But   to    touch   tipon   this  And  what  is 't  to  him,  if  these  eooM  in 

would  lead  OS  to  the  vexed  question  And  visit  him,  that  at  his  hambte  door 

of  the   Tariff,   in    which   wise  heads  There  are  no  pillars  and  rich  capitals, 

labor  aa  in  a  treadmill,  to  which  we  Or  walla  of  curious  workmanship  wlth^t" 


lizcdbyGooi^le 


A  WtO-htawn  Doaumtnt,  vtry  tligktij  fartf^raut. 


A  WELL-KNOWN  DOCUMENT,  VERY  SLIOHTLT 
PARAPHRASED. 

BT    WILLIAM    TOCNS. 

Whim,  in  Iheir  eonne,  human  sTents  compel 
One  people  to  diBSolve  the  soei&l  baodi. 
That  linked  them  with  another,  and  to  take 
Among  the  powers  of  the  Earth  that  staEion, 
Equal,  and  eeparate,  to  trhieh  the  lawi 
Of  Nature  and  of  Niture'a  God,  by  right, 
Entitle  them — reapect  to  the  opinionB 
Of  fellow  men  calls  on  them  to  declare 
■Rie  eansea,  which  have  rendered  necessary 
Snch  separation. 

We,  then,  hold  these  traths 
To  be  •olf-BTident— That  all  mankind 
Are  eqaal,  and  endowed,  by  their  Creator 
With  certain  nnalienable  rights — 
That  amongst  these  are  Li^,  and  Liberty, 
And  the  Pursuit  of  Haj^iness — That  men, 
To  make  these  rights  arailahle  and  safe, 
HaTo  instituted  GoTemmenta,  deriving 
Their  lawful  power  from  the  free  consent 
Oftboae  they  govern — That  when  any  fotm 
Of  Gornrnmenl  is  proved  to  be  destnicJiTe 
Of  these  their  ends,  it  is  the  Pea[de's  right 
To  alter,  or  abolish  il,  and  fotind 
A  GoTemment  anew,  with  principles 
So  laid  for  its  foundation,  and  with  powers 
In  such  form  orsanized,  as  shall  to  them 
Seem  moat  eonductte  to  their  happiness 
And  aafbty. 

Pmdence  will,  indeed,  dictate. 
That  long-established  Goremments  should  not 
Be  changed  for  any  light  or  transient  caose  ; 
And  all  experience,  accordingly, 
Hath  diown  that  men  are  more  disposed  to  snSer, 
So  long  as  evils  are  endurable, 
Than  to  asaert  their  rights,  and  throw  aside 
Their  customary  forma.     But,  when  abases, 
And  nsnrpatiouH,  in  a  lengthened  train, 
Pureae  one  object  steadfastly,  evincing 
A  firm  design  to  bow  them  down  beneath 
Absolute  despotism,  it  is  their  right, 
It  is  their  bounden  duty,  to  throw  oS' 
Snch  Government,  and  to  provide  new  guards 
For  their  aecnritf  in  future. 

Such 
Has  been  the  patient  sufferaoee  of  these 
Oar  Colonies,  and  such  is  now  the  need, 
That  forces  them  to  change  their  present  avstems 
Of  Government.    Great  Britain's  present  King 
Hath  made  his  history  the  hixtory 
OfusDrpstiona,  and  of  injuries. 
Often  repeated,  and  directly  tending 
To  tlte  establishment  of  Tyranny 
Over  these  Stat«B — to  prove  this,  let  the  World 
In  candiir  liit«i  to  mkdoobtfld  taoto.  -  '^it 


syGoogJe 


A  WitO-inowa  DtcumaU,  vtry  ihghliy  Pan^ArMud. 

e  usent  to  Ikwi, 
I  for  the  public  fioi  ~ 
He  b*B  denied  bie  GoTernOTB  iha  power 
To  MDotion  liwB  of  pressiog  uigeoc;, 
Unlet*  Rispended  in  their  aperaiion, 
Till  bis  uaeni  should  be  obtained  ;  and  when 
Saspended  thus,  he  has  failed  wilfully 
To  give  them  furtber  thought.     He  b»«  refused 
To  sKDctioD  other  laws,  deemed  advantageous 
To  districtB  thickly  peopled,  unlets  they, 
Who  dwelt  therein,  would  baselj  throw  away 
Tbeir  right  to  lopresentatiTes — a  right 
Inestitnable  to  themeehee,  and  only 
To  Tyrants  formidable.     In  the  hope 
To  weary  them  into  a  weak  compliance 
With  his  obnoxious  nieasurea,  he  has  sumraoned 
The  Legisktire  Bodies  to  asBemble 
At  places  inconvenient,  and  an  usual, 
And  whence  their  public  records  were  remote. 
He  has  repeatedly  dissolved  the  Hoosea 
Of  Representatives  for  interfering 
With  manly  linnness,  when  ho  has  invaded 
The  People's  ri^rhts.     Long  time  he  has  iefuce<], 
After  each  dissolutions,  to  eonvene 
Others  in  lieu  of  them  ;  whereby,  the  powers 

Of  Legislation,  since  they  might  not  be  . 

Annihilated,  have  for  exercise 

Been  forced  npon  the  body  of  the  people  ;  | 

Leaving,  meanwhile,  the  unprotected  Stale  I 

To  dangers  of  invasion  from  without, 
Ai»d  inward  anarchy.     He  has  endeavored 

To  check  the  population  of  these  States,  I 

Thwarting  the  laws  for  natural isatiiHi 
Of  foreisners,  withholding  his  assent 
From  other  laws,  that  might  enconrage  them 
In  incaigrating  hither,  and  enhancing 
The  price  of  new  allotments  of  the  soi]. 
He  has  obstructed  the  administration 
Of  Justice,  by  his  veto  on  the  laws 
Establishing  judiciary  powers.  ' 

Be  has  made  Judges  on  bis  will  alone 
Dependent,  for  the  tenure  of  their  office, 
For  the  amount,  and  for  (he  proper  payment 
Of  tbeir  emoluments.    Ue  has  erected 
New  offices  in  multiliides,  and  sent 
Swarms  of  his  officers  to  harsss  us, 
And  to  eat  out  our  substance.     He  has  kept, 
In  times  of  peace,  among  us,  standing  armies, 
Without  the  sanction  of  onr  Lef^slalurei. 
Hi>  aim  baa  been  to  place  the  military 
Above  the  civil  power,  and  bevond 
It*  just  control.     He  has  combined  with  others 
To  make  ns  subject  to  a  jurisdiction, 
Id  nirit  foreign  to  our  Constitulion, 
Aim  unacknowledged  by  our  laws ;  assenting 
To  acts,  that  they  hare  passed  with  semblance  oidy 
Of  legidatioD — acts — For  quartering 
Amimg  OS  bodies  of  armed  troops— For  sfaieUii^,. 
By  a  mook  trial,  these  their  instrnmenta 
Fron  pvnishment  for  any  murders  done 

Oo  oar  inhabitanta— For  cutting  off  ^  i      (-\j^nli^ 

*  Digitized  by  V^tUO^  IL. 


A  WcU-jbiMm  Doewuent,  very  tligAlly  Parefhrated. 

Oar  tndo  with  ererjr  qaajtei  of  the  vorld' — 

For  laying  on  ns  taxes  not  approved 

By  ODT  coDMDt— For  oft-timGB  rubbing  ua 

Of  aDV  beoefit  thiit  might  attend 

Trial  by  jury — For  Iransporiiog  na 

BeyHn  the  mm,  to  answer  for  offences 

Imputed  to  ua — Pot  aboliahing, 

Within  a  neighboring  province,  the  free  ayatero 

Of  English  laws ;  establishing  therein 

An  arbitrary  power  ;  and  enlarging 

Its  bonndaries,  to  render  it  at  once 

The  fit  example,  and  the  iaatniment 

For  bringing  into  these  our  Colonica 

The  same  dcapotic  role — For  taking  from  ns 

Oar  Charters ;  and  aboliahtng  our  laws 

Most  valn«d  ;  changing  thus,  in  principle. 

Our  forma  of  Government — And  for  suspending 

Our  Legislatures,  with  the  declaration 

That  they,  ihemselres,  in  each  and  every  case, 

Were  rested  with  supreme  authority 

To  legislate  for  us. 

He  has  laid  down 
His  sway,  by  holding  us  without  the  pale 
Of  his  protection,  and  by  waging  war 
Against  as — Ho  has  plundered  on  our  seas — 
Ravaged  our  coasts — our  citiea  burnt — and  taken 
Our  people's  liree.     He  is  transporting  hither 
Annies  composed  of  foreign  mercenaries, 
To  end  the  works  of  deatb^  and  desolation, 
And  tyranny,  begun  with  circumstances 
Of  cruelty  and  perfidy  unequalled 
In  the  most  barbarous  ages,  and  unworthy 
The  Ruler  of  a  nation  ciriliied. 
Ha  has  eonalrained  out  fellow- citiiens. 
On  the  high  eeas  made  eaptiTes,  to  bear  arms 
Against  their  country,  and  of  friends  and  brethere 
To  be  the  executioners,  or  fall 
Beneath  his  creatures'  bands.     He  hac  excited 
Amongst  ourselves  domestic  insurrectioD ; 
And  sought  to  bring  on  the  inhabitants 
Of  our  fitmlier  the  savage  Indian, 
Whoee  code  of  warfare,  merciless,  and  core, 
Spares  not,  in  undistinguished  massacre, 
A^e,  sex,  condition. 

We,  in  every  stage 
Of  these  oppressions,  hare  in  humblest  terms 
Petitioned  for  redress.    To  our  petitions, 
Tboagh  oft  repeated,  there  has  been  one  answer — 
Repeated  injury. 

A  Prince,  whoee  life 
And  condnct  thns  are  marked  by  every  act 
That  may  de£ne  a  Tyrant,  is  nnfit 
To  nile  o'er  Freemen. 

Neither  hare  we  &iled 
lo  doe  attenlion  to  our  British  brethren. 
From  time  to  time,  we  have  admonished  them 
Of  elTnrta,  by  their  Legislature  made, 
ITDWarrantaUy  to  extend  to  na 
Their  Jnrisdiottoa.     How  we  emigrated, 
Ad))  aettled  here,  we  have  reminded  them. 


And  aettled  here,  we  have  reminded  them.  /"■  ^-.   ^  -,  [^ 

We  to  their  uiive  jnsilce  hare  appealed  l)  gitizod  sy  V^jOOQ  IC 


And  nia^ftniniit7 ;  and  hare  conjured  tbem, 

Br  oomoion  kindied  tiea,  to  dtMTow 

llMM  nsnrpationa,  nhich,  Lnefitablj, 

Would  mar  ooi  iatercourBe  and  ftieadthip.     They 

Hmre  oIm  tarned  &  deaf  ear  to  the  Toica 

Of  Jurtice  and  of  Conouiguinity. 

So  must  we  yield  to  the  neceieilT,     ' 

Which  forces  us  to  sepatate — and  hold  them, 

A«  WB  do  hold  the  teal  of  human-kind, — 

Our  enemies  in  War — in  Peace,  our^iandt. 

We,  therefore ,  who  are  here  to  represent 
The  States  United  of  America, 
In  Geneml  Congress  met,  for  rectitude 
Of  onr  iDtentions  to  the  Judge  Supreme 
Of  ^l  things  here  in  confidence  appealing, 
Do,  in  the  name,  and  by  authority 
Of  the  good  people  of  these  colonies, 
Solemnly  publish  and  declare,  that  these 
Unit«d  CoIoDies  are,  and  of  right 
Ought  to  be.  Free  and  Independent  Scales. 
That  from  allegiance  to  the  British  Crown 
They  are  abBoWed— That  all  connecting  ties 
Of  Policy  between  thenu  and  Great  Britain 
Are,  as  they  should  be,  totally  disaolTcd  : — 
And,  that  as  Free  and  Independent  Statet. 
They  hare  full  power  to  lery  war,  conclude 
Peace,  and  contract  alliances — establiah 
Comtnerce,  and  do  til  other  acts  and  thinga 
Which  Independent  States  of  right  may  do. 

Tbie  is  our  tleclaration — to  support  it. 
With  firtn  reliance  on  Divine  protection, 
We  to  each  other  mutually  pledge 
Oqt  liTea,  onr  fortunes,  and  our  Sacred  Honor. 


INSUFFICIENCY. 

BV    BUZtBBTH    B.    BiaaKTT. 

Whbm  I  attain  to  utter  forth  in  Terse 

Some  iaward  thought,  my  aoul  throbs  audibly 

Along  my  tnlsea,  yearning  to  be  free, 

And  something  farther,  fuUer,  higher,  rehearae. 

To  the  lodiTidual,  ttue,  and  the  universe. 

Id  eoiwuwmation  of  right  harmony! 

But,  like  a  dreary  wind  against  a  trM, 

We  are  Umsn  against  for  ever  by  the  ouree 

Which  braathes  through  nature.     Oh,  the  world  ia  wuk— 

The  flfllaenoe  of  eaoh  is  false  to  all ; 

And  what  we  best  conceive,  we  fail  to  apeak. 

Wait,  aool,  nntil  thine  ashen  garments  fall ! 

And  then  Msome  thy  broken  strains,  and  arak 

Fit  poiontioD,  widioat  let  oi  thTsU. 


lizcdbyGoOglt 


1844.]  The  Imb  of  Progrttt  of  the  Race. 

THE  LAW  OF  PROGRESS  OF  THE  RACE.' 


Alumni  of  WiUiuus'  College,  Maasa-  old  commonwealth,  t 

cfaoietti,  utembled  >t  WiSwnistown,  among  her  orniinienta,  and  which  haa 

to  eommemonle  the  fiftieth  j^ear  from  been  alw&vs  fruitful  of  great  mea,  haa 

the  foundation  of  the  inatitutlon.     On  few  who  do  her  more  hooor. 

that  day,  one  of  the  moat  beautiful  of  On  this  occasion  hia  mind  was  oatu- 

flie  last  beautiful  summer,  in  as  charm-  rallf  eiertad  to  do  the  honors  of  tha 

ing   a    valley  as    Hasaacbusetts    can  college  to  the  Alumni  who   had  gatb- 

boagt,  under  the  eye  of  the  vast  pile  of  ersd  ai  her  festiral,  and  to  apeak  to 

mountains   which    orerlook  the   apol,  them   of  a   aabject   utd   in  a  mUDn 

MToral  hundreds  of  the  giadnates  of  worthy  of  himself  and  tliem,  and  the 

the  eoUese  met  en  the  old  grmrnds,  to  time,  the  place,  and  its  assooiations. 

take  each  other  by  the  band,  to  com-  The  performance  was  worthy  of   all 

memorate  their  former  sojonm  there,  these,  and  was  equal  (o  the  repatation 

and  to  cheer  their  Alma  Mater,  in  her  of  the  speaker  and  the  expectations  of 

career  now  so  prosperous  and  honora-  his  audience. 

ble.     They  had  come  from   all  parts  The   leading  idea  rosy  be  beat  ex- 

«f  the  laud.     Par  and  wide  had  they  plained  in  the  speaker's  own  words, 

been  scattered  in  their  variooa  pilgrim-  After  welcoming  the  Alumai,  and  allnd' 

ages.     Some  had  been  unfortunate,  and  ing  in  fit  and  touching  temia  to  the  piin- 

fewer  prosperous.      All  had  found  life  eipal  incidents  of  the  college  history,  he 

adifierent  thing  from  what  they  dreamed  proceeds  thus  : 
of  it  when  thaj  were  students  in  that 

valley  of  seclusion  (■  The  simple  qaettion  is  whether  there 

These  reunions  of  the  graduates  of  u,    inwroaght    into   the   eonitilntiaii  of 

colleges  serre  many  oseful  pnrpoaes.  ihiags,  a  law  of  progress  of  the  race,  era 

They  bring   together,   after   long  ab-  tendency  towards  it,  which  we  may  hope 

aencea,  thoae  who  began  life  together,  u>  see  realiaol. 

and  whomeeito  compare  accounts  of  "ThoideaofMChalawhaiansea.aM 

their eobseqoent wanderings.  Theykeep  f^J  n™"  """  """  »htcb  I  haw  mn- 

alive  the  love  of  study  and  respect  for  t««>ed  hot  m  connection  '•Ik  •  J«»^ 

..t.»i._    Tk^^T.^j  .;!  ««f_.r...,;ij.-  able  ehanire  la  the  views  and  hahtis  « 

scholars    Theyleadw  greater  familiar-  ,^,^1  c?the  ew«nonitT  rcspectiaf  the 

ity   with    literary     institutions,   bet  er  j^nf  to  which  th.y  were  W  took  ftr  im- 

knowledge  of  literary  pursaits,  greaier  Jl^^e^eof    Theii  was  a  time  when  tte 

sympathy  with  hUrary  men,  and  more  antiquity  rf  the  world  was  associated  wi* 

IplBTeat  in  the  progress  and  diffusion  of  xbe  wisdom  of  old  age,  and  when  it  was 

knowledge.     It  is  but  a  few  years  since  supposed  that  all  wisdom  was  to  be  fond 


they  were   begun,  and   they   have  al-  in '^the  records,  and  all  exceUence  in  the 

ready  become  frequent.     From  a  little  models  of  de  past.    Bat  when  the  hn- 

varkhas  a  flrebwn  kindled  that  ■emns  man  miad  was  aroDsedaa  It  was  by  tba 

likely  to   bora   on   and  to  give  much  Reformation  and  the  inventkHi  tt  the  art 


light. 

On  the  particotar  oeoasion  of  which . 

we   apeak,  the  Alumni   were   greeted  "«»  worlds  in  the  heavcnsi  wktaUum 

with  ^Taddreaa  from  Dr.  Honkina.  the  mtrodnced  hw_  new  method,  and  NowW. 


with  ui  address  from  Dr.  Hopkini 


weighed  the  planets  and  deeompoaodtta 


.  President  of  the  college  and  "one  of  its     ^S"""  ^^  ^'""^^■^T^^,^ 

•*i   _  -      Tko    ...J  -;™i    .  k'.-t    .....     aunbcam.  It  waiimpossible  that  taesaiBB 

The  principal    subject  was    „„^^  fo,  .miqiiiT  should  coatinao  j 


,THa  WW  or  PROOHEse  or  tbb  SAca.  ,nd,aswBj  natural,  an  opposite  ft™.o 
Any  person  acquainted  with  Dr.  tookltsidaee.  Instead  of  supposing  Itot 
Hopkins  would  have  foretold,  that  his  Biankiad  had  already  attained  all  tba  par- 
address  would  be  original  and  able.  He  i^ton  of  which  they  were  capaUe,  and 
was  never  an  otterer  of  other  men's  that  nothing  remained  bat  to  cany  no- 
dionghta-  StroHtby  nature,  disciplined  dent  degeneracy  np  to  the  heights  of  a»> 
by  UnKnioaa  stoar,  Beeaatomed  to  pa-  dent  aehieveiDenI,  it  was  said  that  Vu 
tiantandperaeTenngUtaation, his  mind  aneieBt  world  was  really  the  inftat  wmU, 


of  WillluH'  CEtl^a  M  the  etUantkm 


leletT  of  Aluaai  Of  WillluH'  CEtMfa  at  i 
■^IMSibr  IUdiB(ipkiH,IU>.,rrMld(nt< 


,:Goog  Ic 


IM  TV  Law  ofProgreta  of  the  Race.  [Aag. 

oad  that  to  as  modernii  belonged  the  ho-  as  there  now  ii,  and  hu  lanf  been  ia 

nor  or  the  hDar;  head  in  the  UTe  of  the  maoT  paru  of  Atoertea,  eiettemcDl,  agt- 

raee.    Heoce  aroie  an  inipreiiian  that  all  tation,  confusion  ;  aocielj  maT  be  brofccn 

the  arta,  and  tcieace,  aod  phikKOphr,  and  into  rragoients,  there  may  be  colhsion*  of 

insliiations  of  the  sacients  veie  imper-  local  ii^  individual  interests,  bet  all  ma^ 

feet,  from  the  simple  fact  that  they  nere  be  chaotic  )  tbe  moTanent  may  be  witlh- 

ancienl,  and  theiFfore  the  product  of  an  oat  dLfeclton,thea^Itali(in  viLhont  resnU. 

immatDje  age  of  the  world ;  and  tbe  e;ea  In  such  a  kUIc  of  thines  there  can  be  no 

□f  men  were  turned  from  the  past  to  Ibe  pn^ress  till  racietj  becames  organized, 

Tutwe,  and  to  those  ideal  models,  dim  and  and  begins  to    move    fortrard    (awards 

shadowy,  which  were  sketched  qnite  as  some  definite  ohiect.     Let  this  take  place, 

'    often  by  the  imagination  as  by  the  jndg-  let  any  idea  become  the  pronineat  aiid 

ncnt.    Then,  as  literary,  and  seientiSe,  governing  ides  in  the  commnnitr,  and  it 

and  commercial   intercourse    increaaed,  will  be  supposed  there  i#  progress  whra 

Ihe  great   idea  ajose  that   Ihere  was  ■  men  are  in  the  ihykcss  of  realizing  that 

commaaity,  instead  of  an  opposition  of  klea.  Is  war  and  eontineel,  as  it  hat  oftea- 

intenst    among    nations,  till  at  length,  been,  the  promiDent  idenf    Then  there 

when  the  hgure  and  extent  of  the  earth,  is  progrcus  when  the  science,  the  inMra- 

aod  the  condition  of  its  inhabitants  be-  mentj  and  the  art  sf  war  are  becoming 

came  known,  and  facilities  of  interconne  more  perfect.    Is  loxory  and  Mnnuil  gn- 

were  increased,  there  was  originated  tbe  tifictLtiou  the  leading  idea  }    Then  there 

''idea  of  a  reciprocal  influence,  a  common  is  progress  when  a  new  dish  is  inrcntedr 

bond  of  intereBl,aDd  H  law  of  progress  for  sod  when,  as  in  ancient  Corcjra,   the 

all)  till  now,  there  is  scarcely  a  periodi-  cocks  are  prevented  from  crowing  in  the 

ca],  or  a  lecture,  or  a  literary  addrew,  in  morning.    Is  wealth   (he  leading  idea  T 

which  this  law  is  not  spoken  of  as  famili-  There  is  progress  when  the  eonntiy  ia  be- 

arly  and   as  conSdeotly  as  the  law  of  eomiag  rich.    Is   it  the  power  of  man 

gTavitation iuelf.  oyer   eztemal   nalnre}  or    liberty?    or 

"  Aiwas  to  he  expected,  an  idea  soei-  equality!  or  tbe  perfection  ofthe  fine  arts  T 

eiliDg  to  Ibe  imagination  has  been  carried  There  will  be  supposed  to  be  progreas 

loolar,  and  has  given  rJAe  to  something  what  there  is  an  appnniinatioQ  to  tbe 

of  extravagance,  and  to  something    of  a((ainment  of  these.     Wonld  (here  then 

cant.    With  this  for  their   walchwt»d,  be  ■  tme  progress  in  the  advancement 

and  probably  honestly   believing  thstn-  of  society  towards  any  or  all  of  these 

aflves  nnder  its inflnence,  egotiatieal  and  ends?    Yes,  on  couditton,  and  only  on, 

nnqiiiet  and  ambitions  men,  and  men  of  condition  that  society  would  thus  attain  o. 

one  idea,  have  altacked  without  scruple  true  end  and  not  a  means. 
ot  discrimination,  everything  that   was        "The  true  idea  of  progress,  then,  is  not 

old;  have  eagerly  adopted  new  systems  thai  of  aiovement,  or  simply  of  frogra- 

of  ihoaght,  or  those  sapposed  to  be  new ;  rion  towards  the  realisation  o(  an  idea  ;: 

have  eriginaled  impracticable   schemes,  bat  it  involves  a  recognition  of  tbe  true 

•Bd  have    been    lealoua  in  introdneing  end  of  man  as  a  social  being,  and  an  np* 

them,  little  regarding  their  eongmily  witb  proaeh  towards  that.     This  end  I  ruip~ 

the  existing  state  of  tbii^s.    When  all  pose  to  be,  the  npboitding  and  perfeetioD 

Uiii   bM  ^oduced  its    natural  eonse-  of  the  individaal  man  in  everythii^  thai 

fueBces,  dirision    nod    confnsion,   they  miUfes  him  truly  man.     I  haM,  that  thv 

haveeriedoat— progrui;  ihns  niataking  germ  of  all  political  and  Mciat  wril-beiag' 

tkt  MnuDOtion  caased  in  the   vitals  of  is  to  be  fonnd  in  the  progretc  of  the  indi* 

■oeiety  by  the  eniditie*  with  which  they  vidaol  towards  the  true  and  highest  end 

Ime  dragged  it,  for  the  excitement  oif  for  which  he  wot  made.    And  here  we 

iMallhyMtim.    Eten  the  Bible  hot  been  have  an  instance  of  that  incidental  ac- 

HVfMid  to  have  grown  obaelete,  and  to  eomplishmeut  of  subordinate  ends  in  the 

iH«d  to  be  adapted  to  the  progreu  of  the  attainment  of  one  that  is  bigher,  that  ia 

•ge.  everywhere  BO  conspicD on B  in  the  wodu^ 

"What  then  is  tbe  true  idea  of  pro-  of  God.    U  it  the  end  of  the  processes  oT^ 

gMtal     And  her«  T  observe,  that  the  vegetation  to  perfect  the  seedT     It  is^ 

idea  of  pregieos  pretnpposea   a  d^aite  on^  when  those  processes  move  on  to  the 

okJMt   to  fa«  attained,  and  n  movement  laeeeisrul  aecomptiahmenl  of  that,  that 

MwardallMtobjecL  It  is  not  Ibe  tossing  of  we  can  have  the  beanty  and  frafianee  oT 

•  Tendon  the  waves  without  a  rudder  or  the  flower,  or  the  shade  and  ftMbnetsof 

koiHDpHa;  i(  implies  that  there  is  a  pMt,  the  green  leaves.    So  here,  we' find  that 

imi  that  the  ahip  is  lending  towards  it.  Mciol  good  con  be  wrongbl  out,  an)  no> 

UidaMthereisM>aiedefinileidea,towarda  eial  ends  be  attained,  only  at  individai^ 

the  realisation  of  which  society  is  moving,  nre  perfected  in  their  character;  and  that 

•tkcceesB  be  DO  progress.    There  may  he,  the  beauty  and  Irogiune*  and  broad  abadc 


oogle 


18«.]  The  Lav  of  Pregrtit  of  ike  Ract.  IW 

of  a  perfect  socictr  would  arrow,  without  sad  (lien  presume  il  lo  be  wise,  nth«r 
eSartor  coDlriv&nee,  from  the  pro^res!!  of  than  fir&l  to  assert  wbal  would  be  wise 
Ibe  indiriduol*  of  eoeieiT  lowsrils  itieir  and  (hen  presume  (hat  Divine  Frovi- 
true  pecft'cliun  and  end.  Thus,  arrd  thus  dence  has  done  it.  It  may  be  K>.  I[ 
only,  can  we  have  that  state  of  ideal  per-  would  be  in  accordance  wilb  Ibe  analogy 
feclion  in  wfaicli  pe[rec(  liberty  would  be  of  Gcd's  worLs  in  which  we  so  oflen  find, 
combined  will)  perfect  security,  aod  with  at  in  Ibe  vision  of  the  Prophet,  a  wheel 
all  the  advanlages  of  the  social  slate.  If  within  a  wheel.  But  it  nay  also  be,  that 
this  be  (0,  then  political  organization i,  this  nortd  holds  in  the  plans  of  God,  the 
which  are  merely  means  lo  an  end,  are  same  relation  that  the  nursery  bolds  lo 
most  perfect  when  (hey  so  CDmbiae  pro.  the  fields  of  transplanted  trees,  and  ihet 
tection  with  freedom  as  Id  give  (he  moat  its  end  lies  entirely  beyond  itself.  If  so- 
favorable  theatre  for  Ibe  growth,  and  en-  ciety  had  always  remsinBd  in  a  patriarchal 
joyment,  and  perfection  of  (be  individual  or  nomadic  slate,  wilhoul  anything  of 
man;  and  that  society  itself  is  most  per-  what  we  call  progress, nnd  there  had  sim- 
feci,  whatever  its  form  may  be,  in  which  ply  come  up  such  men  as  Abiabam,  and 
the  greatest  number  of  Individuals  recog-  Isiac,  and  Jacob,  to  spend  here  '  the  days 
Bite  and  pursue  this  end.  It  cannol  be  of  the  years  of  their  pilgrimage  *  and  then 
too  oflen  repealed,  thai  (he  ends  of  society  go  up  higher,  who  would  say  (hat  Ihe 
are  not  realized  when  there  are  grcal  ag-  world  had  been  a  fuilnref  This  question 
gregate  results,  magniEc cut  public  works,  man  cannot  decide  without  a  wider  sur- 
great  accumulations  of  wealth  and  of  the  rey  of  Ihe  plans  of  God  than  falls  within 
means  of  scncualand  sensitireenjoyment,  ODr  preseDl  vision,  and  hence  we  cannot 
with  the  degradation,  or  without  (he  rely  upon  any  argument  for  Buch  a  law, 
growth  of  individuals)  and  that  all  drawn  from  Ibis  souicc. 
changes  in  the  forms  of  institutions  and  "  The  second  ground  on  which  the  ei- 
Uie  direction  of  active  industry,  must  be  istence  of  this  law  has  been  argued,  is  to 
futile,  which  do  nut  originate  iu,  or  draw  be  fbund  in  Ihe  fact  (hat  the  product  of 
alter  them  an  improvement  in  the  cha-  the  hnman  mind  is  not  mere  sensations 
racter  of  individuals.  But  it  is  self-evi-  that  perish  as  they  arise,  but  that  we  in- 
dent (hat  society  can  fumtsh  a  free  arena  herit  (be  experience  and  knowledge  of  all 
Ibr  individual  grnwih,  only  as  the  princi.  who  have  gone  before  us.  This  u  a  great 
plec  ofjustice  and  benevolence  are  lecog-  fact,  and  on  it  the  capacity  of  (he  race 
niz^d — only  as  (he  spirit  of  that  great  far  improvement  is  based.  It  give*  a 
precept  of  doing  to  others  as  we  would  tendency  to  improvement,  and  [ba(  teo- 
thal  they  should  da  unto  us,  pervades  the  dency  would  became  a  law  if  there  were 
mass.  The  fundamental  condition,  then,  nothing  to  counteract  it.  Former  genc- 
of  any  progress  that  can  be  permanent,  rations  hare  labored,  and  we  have  entered 
and  solid,  and  aniversal,  is  a  moral  con-  into  (heir  labors.  They  were  as  (he  pro- 
ditioQ.  Let  tbis  exist,  and  there  will  phettofold,  'unlo  whom  It  was  revealed 
come  in  at  accessories,  progress  in  sci-  that  not  un(o  themselves  did  (hey  tninister, 
«oee  and  in  arts  and  in  wealth ;  but  with-  but  unto  us  upon  whom  these  ends  of  (he 
Mit  this,  whalever  progress  may  be  made  world  are  come.'  Ours  are  all  their  con- 
iu  physical  improvements,  (here  will  be  ques(s  over  physical  nature,  all  their  ac> 
constant  agitatiau  and  reslleganess  \  and  cnnalatioas  of  wealth,  all  (heir  macbine* 
through  eveiy  <;hangeof  form,  society  will  and  iaTentioas  in  the  arts,  all  (heir  litent- 
continue  to  be  like  that  stick  of  which  tnre  and  science,  and  all  the  political  and 
most  of  ns  have  heard,  which  was  lo  social  experience  of  Ihe  world.  Oura  are 
crooked  that  it  coald  not  lie  atill.  their  obtervaliona  on  individual  facts  and 
'■  If  then  (here  be  a  law  of  progresi  for  beings,  oars  their  arrangement  of  those 
the  face,  it  must  be  one  by  which  society  facts  and  their  generalizations,  and  our* 
advances  towards  a  state  of  things  such  those  grand  ideas  and  methods  which  have 
as  has  just  been  described.  And  that  come  to  the  scientific  seers  of  the  race, 
there  is  such  a  law,  is  affirmed  on  Ibrea  not  so  much  from  what  is  called  indue- 
distinct  grounds :  The  first  is,  thai  such  a  tion,  as  suddenly,  and  like  a  direct  reve- 
law  is  required  for  the  vindicatioa  of  (he  lation  from  the  sumstjonof  asinglefaet. 
wiadon)  of  Divine  Providence.  It  is  sup-  And  rich  as  are  these  golden  saoda  that 
posed  that  the  world  wonld  be  a  failure  have  been  brought  down  by  the  rirer  oT 
nnleis  it  should  manifest  the  evolution  of  time,  (here  is  every  reason  to  believe 
a  regnUr  plan,  whose  parts  shoold  sue-  that  (hose  will  be  richer  yet  which  ijiall 
eeed  each  other  like  the  five  acts  of  a  be  borne  itilinirlheron.  In  (he  pn^reM 
drama,  and  form  by  tbenuelves,  when  of  the  race,  not  lest  than  of  the  individu- 
lime  wa>  over,  a  complated  whole.  Bat  a],  the  great  principle  applies,  (hat  lo  bin 
-it  il  ftr  tafer  aad  aore  becoming,  to  as-  that  bath,  ^11  be  given.  Every  dt^  .^  . 
eeit*ia  what  Divine  ProTiience  luu  done,  ibowi  Ibat  tkert  ii  opea  before  n«  the  C  1 0  O  Q   C 


198                                TAe  Laie  of  Progrtu  of  tht  Rant.  [An*. 

p&tb  of  a  limitless  progrenioD,  and  tbat  raised  themKlTM  npoa  the  shonldcn   oT 
Mieoce  ba»  bn(  jnsl  begnn  to  be  applied  their  predecraKin,  aad  perirtied  Ihroagh- 
to  the  parpose  of  sabjagating  natare  to  ont  all  ibe  iilaDdi  of  the  Pacific  r    How 
man,  and  of  causing  the  eleneat*  to  min-  has  It  been  wlih  ATrica  ?    Hat  Egrpt, 
later  to  bis  happiness.    No  one,  for  ei-  once  so  mightT,  bat  nov  so  Ions  tbe  faat«>t 
ample,  naacquaialed  vilh  wbal  has  been  oTkingdWDS,  made  progms  T    Has  Car- 
done  by  the  applicalion  of  cbemiilrj  to  Ibage  ?     Or  Namidia  1    Or  hare  the  an- 
'   agriculture,  by  an   invesligatioa  of  (he  nnmbered  millioni  in  iu  central  and  sonth- 
laws  of  vegetable  life,  and  of  the  nntri-  ern  regions  J    Has  Ajia  ro»de  progress  T 
ment  and  stimalanti  of  regetables,  can  Has  there  been  any  pn^ress  for  a  thon- 
eonceive  what  prospeeu  are  openJag  in  «aad  years  in  India,  or  in  China?    Has 
respect  to  the  cheapness  and  abundance  tbeie  in  Tarlary,  or  Persia,  or  Arabia,  or 
of  theprodaclsof  the  earth,  the  multitade  Tnrlcej  f    Do  not  the  Chinese  and  the                    ' 
of  inhabitants  il  may  consequently  sup-  Hindoo*  now  nie  astronomical  tables,  Of 
port,  and  the  leisnre  they  may  have  for  the  principles  of  whose  conitruetion  they 
rational   eattnre   and   enjoyment.     And  know  nothing  t    So  far  hare  the  priaei-                    I 
what  is  thns  tme  of  the  products  of  the  pal   nations  of  Asia  been   from  maldng 
earth,  is  also  tr^e  of  the  means  of  trans-  pn^rese  within  (he  last  thousand  years, 
porting  them,  and  not  only  so,  Irat  of  eom-  that  il  would  be  hazarding  nothing  to  as-                    | 
mnnicating  to  the  whole  race  any  inven-  sert  that  ihey  have  deterjorated.    Their                    i 
tion  or  discovery,  and  of  binding  then  to-  movement  has  spent  its  force,  (heir  civi-                    I 
gether  as  one  in  the  bcoids  of  interest  and  liiation  has  become  effete.     And  if  this  is 
of  sympathy.  to, what  beeomesofthelaw  of  progressof 

"  We  fully  admit,  then,  the  great  fact  the  race,  whe*  sueh  vast  masses  are  not 
on  irtiich  the  possibility  of  this  law  is  acted  upon  by  thai  law  T    Does  not  the 
baled ;  we  admit  the  tendency  to  progresi  law  become  a  law  of  deterioration,  and 
under  certain  conditioos;    bnt  how  far  pn^reea  the  exception  T    I  do  nol  under- 
this  compels  us  to  admit  the  law,  vrill  be  stand  by  what  righ(  il  is,  (hat  in  consider- 
best  seen  by  passing  on  as  we  DOW  do  (o  ingthe  history  of  the  race,  tte  larger  por- 
the  history  of  (he  race — (he  third  ground  tion  of  it  is  accounted  by  the  advocate*  of 
on  which  (he  existence  of  soch  a  law  is  this  law  as  nothing. 
asserted.     The  ndTOcate*  of  this  law  do  "But  tracing  the  line  of  movement  aid 
not  permit  thenuelves  to  donbt,  as  in-  of  civilisation  fVom   its   reputed  origin,                    | 
deed  they  cannot  consistently,  that  every  whether   in  India  or  in  Egypt,   first   to                    | 
snceeeding  generatiott  has,  on  the  whole,  Greece,  then  to  Rome,  and  then  to  modem 
been  wiser  and  happier  than  the  preeed-  times,  do  we  Und  any  indication*  of  ■ 
ing.    Bnt  can  this  view  be  sustained  by  law  of  progress  T 

the  history  of  the  pastT    Or  does  not  this  "It  is  doubled  by  some  whether  we  are 

history  rkthei  show  that  while  there  is  a  really  in  advance  of  (he  ancient  civilisa- 

tcodency  to  progress  is  the  race,  yet  that  tion.     It  cannot  l>e  pretended  that  we 

this  tendency  can  take  effect  and  become  have  greater  Individual  men.     Grander 

■  law  only  on  certain  conditions,   both  specimensof  man  wilt  probably  neverex- 

physical  and  moral  1  1st  than  are  to  be  fonnd  among  those  ^ 

"  On  the  physical  obstacle*  to  progress,  old  lime.     Many  of  their  arts,  it  is  weQ 

I  need  not  enlarge,  beonsc  they  have  not  known,  are  lost,  and  many  others,  at  one 

in  (kcl  been  Ou  obnacles  to  man.    It  it  time  sapposed  to  be  solely  of  modem  dis- 

obvious,  hotrerer,  that  life  may  be,  and  covery,  are  now  known  to  have  been  in 

sometimes  tuu  been,  such  a  mere  straggle  use  among  them  t  and  any  one  who  will 

to  existence,  as  to  preclude  all  idea  or  read  attentively  the  twenty-serenth  diap- 

hope  of  iodi^ual  or  general  caltnre.  But  terof  Eiekiel,  may  doubt  whether  we  are 

is  it  a  Iket  that  tribes,  thai  nations,  that  before  them  in  what  pertains  to  the  hixn- 

eontinents,  in  which  no  physical  eondi-  ries  and  refinements  of  life, 

tionof  progreBswaswanliBg,havealways  "  But  if  we  are  in  sdvance  of  them,  is 

made  such  progress  !    How  was  it  with  our  civilisation  a  continuation  of  theirs  T 

the  tribes  of  this  country,  when  they  were  Is  the  course  of  civilisatioa  and  improve- 

diseovered  r  Were  (hey  making  progress  1  ment   properly    represented    by  a  river 

Or  were  (hey  going  on  towards  extinc-  flowing  on  and  expaoding  1    Or  may  we 

tion )    How  was  it  with  (he  race,  com-  not  rather  compare  what  has  been  done, 

paralivelj  eiviliied,  that  preceded  them?  to  the  formation  in  the  stream  of  separate 

What  voice  do  the  ruined  cities  and  the  islands  of  sand,  where  we  ma;  see  ono 

remains  of  aaeient  art  and  civilisation,  now  aeeumnlatinr,   and  enlarginjr,  and                    i 

scattered  over  this  continent,  utter  re-  giving  promise  of   permanence,   tmt  at                    \ 

gpecting  (he  progress  of  man  ?    To  what  length  undermined  and  washej  away  bf 

point  of  elevation  have  those  many  gene-  the  water*,  and  Ut  material*  dispersed,  or 

rations   attained,  who  have  li*M,  and  floated  down  till tlKTraaeb  anew  polstoC               > 

Lioogic 


IBM.]  Th*  Lav  ef  Progwi  vf  tht  Raet.  1S0 

tggnKktifflif  The  latter  acems  to  ne  to  gation.  No  iattance  ii  known  in  whirh, 
be  tlie  man  aKoratc  reprHrntation,  and  without  tbis,  ciTilisatian  has  rekindled  itg 
if  tDauy,  and  perkipi  the  mort!  valaable,  fires  npoa  sltsn  where  they  have  once 
nwlcritJ*  haTe  been  faVed  in  the  general  ^neont.  That  portion  of  the  race  which 
eoalttHon  eoaneeted  trith  th«  tranafer  of  u  the  most  hopelew,  which  it  is  moil  dif- 
tb«  fMt*  of  power  and  ofciTiliHitioa,  mncb  fieolt  to  inprt^nale  with  intelleclaal  and 
■1k>  haa  been  ion.  Indeed,  till  modern  moral  vilalit;,  i»  the  reiiduam  of  an  u- 
eiTiiintion  began  to  extend  ita  anna,  Knd  to  tinct  ciTitiaation.  There  ii  no  evidenee 
gne  indieatioB*  that  it  wonM  nitimalely  tbst  anytbini;  except  Chriitianilr  conld 
emlvaee  the  globe,  this  altemalioo  of  have  annlgsmated  materiala  to  diieoid- 
growth  and  decay  wa«  mppased  to  be  the  ant  aa  the  norihera  bubarian  and  the 
kwafthe  race.  Thai  Peter  the  Great  effemiiiBte  Roman,  nor  any  rca«oa  to 
•ay8,iiit'i*^'l'>  'Hookapon  the  invasion  suppose  that  wilhont  it  Europe  could  have 
oftheeonntries  of  the  East  and  West  by  been  freed  frxim  the  cnise  of  doioeatic 
the  North,  *s  periodical  tooTemenli  deter-  slavery,  and  of  fFnilal  instil ntiont.  Bar- 
mined  by  the  deeigns  of  Providence,  who  barians,  have,  indeed,  been  said  to  re- 
thai  regenerated  the  Roman  empire  by  generate  decayed  civiiii&lion,  bill  it  was 
flte  invasion  of  barbarian*.  The  emi^ra-  became  (here  wbe  at  work  an  element 
tiou  of  ihe  Polar  races  are  tike  tbe  llow  mightier  than  that  of  civilisation,  amal- 
«rAe  Nile,  which,  al  certain  periods,  ia  punating  and  faaing  masaea  that  would 
•cnt  M  fertUise  the  nnporeriahed  land  of  nerer  hare  become  one  by  any  other 
SgTpt.'  This  u  the  lesaon  which  history  power.  There  haa  act  been  upon  the 
•kne,  separated  from  the  movements  and  earth  for  the  Inrt  IhonMod  yean,  there  it 
praapeeU  of  modem  eivilisation,  teaches,  not  oow,  aay  tme  protresa  exeept  in  eoik- 
"What then  ia  this  dvitiMition  wbich  neetion  with  CbrittJaiiity.  On  the  coft- 
thna  erects  itaelf  lo  the  anrrey  of  Ihe  trary,  all  other  systems  of  religion,  vui 
whole  earth  t  It  ii  Christian  civilisation  bU  other  types  of  civilisation,  are  Iklling 
— one  whoae  roots  arc  WBtereit  by  the  life-  lo  decay,  and  man  i*  delerioraling  indi- 

Iiving  springs,  and  npon  whose  leaves  vidaaily  and  socially  onder  their  inAa- 
eteendthedews  of  the  religion  of  Christ  ence.  Itis  then  for  Christendom,  if  at 
— a  civiliaatitHi  preserTed,  and  kepi  from  all,  and  for  tbe  race  only  as  it  may  be 
mtreftetion  by  that  saltof  the  earth.  It  embraced  within  the  expanding  liioita  of 
la  a  ctrDitatuw,  not  like  tfaoae  of  oM,  in  Chrialendom,  that  history  indicates  a  law 
one  great  mkts,  bnt  perradiDg  all  Chris-  of  progresa." 
•-■— s,  and  erery  where  manifesting 


tbe  aanc  great eharactcriatict.  Itapringa  Our  readera  will  not  regret  Iba 
foxn  the  priacqile  of  indiTidnal  growth,  leoKth  of  thia  extract.  We  preferred 
nanifiettJDgltaelf  in  accordMce  with  the    giviog  tbe  whole  to  any  abridgfrnent  at 


Act  that  tbe  tme  growth  and  onr  own,  thinking    that  the  orator'e 

weU-beingofoneianotoppoaedtothMof  ,iew»  would  be  McplainDd  beat  in  hia 

any  other,  but  miMt  be  coincident  with  <,^  ^^^g.     i„  ,^6  „»!„     ^^   ,-,^ 

^V  '^"^^J^-A       =?™P»"'^  wiihthedoctriDeaof  thediaronraeTal- 

Sii'trsfo'i^^t-'^rnVdn;:  »^-f  i"-  ra.::r«.''x":  ■' 

ceiue  of  gravity,  aa  to  expect  society  to  which  we  cannot  taaent  to.     Bat  «  « 

be  at  rest  fill  this  great  prinViple  is  r«08-  plw«?t  10  meet  an  original  thinker, 

Diced  and  acted  upon.    In  connection  with  even  if  yoo  do  urn  always  agree  with 

thia  rdigion  end  with  this  principle  there  •"""■     The  aobject  is   intereBUng   and 

haa  been  progreas ,  and  nowhere  else.    In  we  will  ptinae  it  a  little  further. 
enuieetioo  with  this,  we  can  trace   an         Bat   let  ob   first   explain   what   he 

•Spandiag  stream  from  the  fonuiam  head  means  by  the  Progreea  of  tbe  Race, 

of  l&e  race.    We  aee  it  at  flrsi,  winding  Borne  persona  talk  flippantly  aboot  it, 

iU  soUlarj  and  threadlike  way  in  Ihe  and  of  the  law  which  Uiey  suppose  gt»- 

palriarahal  and  Jewish  diapeoaattoiia,  till  veros  it,  who,  we  dare  say,  have  no  very 

at  length  it  boUt  forth  from  the  hills  of  diatinct  notions  of  either.      Progresa  u 

Jodaa  and  became  a  mighty  river,  whose  Bomething    different  from  movemrat. 

current  istojday  flowing  on  and  bec<«ninR  j^  ,^1     may  be  fast  drifting  with  the 

deeper  and  broader.    The  ancie»t  forma  tide,  arf  apjeartothe  unknowing  i*  be 

^S^^"^^:LV;e;™ertwTh:  '^^y^'^^JTf^n^.'f^' 

fta^mtsoftheirwreAwouIdhavebcen  maM"'"'?"  "5  ""*  i"""  *'"''*  " 

eaoght  and  preserved,  if  Christianity  had  dnvmg  bard  on  the  sanda. 
not  eome  in  with  the  inftoence  of  ita  pnre        Change  la  not  necewanly  a  good  ; 

precepta,  and  the  weight  of  its  etenal  noria  motion  always  in  the  right  direo- 

andlbnned  new  points  of afgr*.  tion.     The  only  frogreaa  worth  thmb-^  i 


aOO                               The  Lata  of  Progrest  of  the  Race.  [Aii£. 

log  of  IB  progTFSs  towards  aome  good,  has  generallj  been  examined.  Most 
Out  of  all  the  Blir  and  motion  thiit  the  persons,  overlooking  the  general  view, 
world  hasaeen,  has  there  been  a  move-  have  taken  a  partial  one  &om&pu- 
raent  towards  a  good  end  1  tic;ulat  point  of  obMrvation.  For  ex- 
Bat  there  may  be  particular  ends  ample,  some  have  taken  the  haraio 
more  or  leas  good.  Any  one  of  ^ent  Tirluea,  as  ^e  tests  of  eiceltenee,  and 
may  be  good,  when  connected  with  the  then  have  answered  the  question  bj 
real,  and  qnite  uaeless,  or  a  positire  companog  the  ancient  and  modem 
evil,  by  itself.  Wealth,  for  instance,  is  ciiilisalion  in  the  cultivatiDo  of  these 
a  good,  if  in  proper  hands  and  well  ap-  vtrtuea.  Others  have  taken  the  me- 
phed  -,  in  bad  hands,  or  ill  applied,  it  chanic  arta,  and  seeing  the  great  eupe- 
bitd  better  not  have  been  given.  la-  riority  of  modern  actence,  have  pro- 
creaaed  wealth,  therefore,  is  not  ne-  nonnced  the  modern  world  far  in  ad- 
ceEsarily  a  better  condition.  The  con-  Tsnce  of  the  old.  Now,  as  we  have 
ditioD  of  society  is  (he  result  of  numer-  already  mentioned,  it  is  quite  necessary 
ous  elements.  The  advance  towards  to  disiiDgitiah  between  the  particular 
the  realization  of  one  idea  may  or  may  ends,  however  good  in  Ihemeelves,  uid 
not  be  sD  advance  towards  a  better  the  general  end,  which  we  have  oob- 
condition.  Thai  depends  on  the  value  sidered  the  true  eod  of  life.  This  di»- 
of  the  idea.  Indeed,  it  ia  not  the  leali-  tioction  will  enable  ua  to  clear  tiwaj 
xation  of  any  simple  ides  that  satisfies  moat  of  the  difficulties  which  hang 
our  notions  of  aptogess,  hut  rather  the  around  the  subject.  For  if  you  take 
aomplex  idea  of  the  great  end  for  which  the  imperfeot  tests,  which  we  hB*e 
nian  was  created  and  society  establish-  been  speaking  of,  you  may  receive  as 
ed.  Progress  towards  that  or,  in  other  many  different  answers  as  there  are 
words,  towahdb  teb  true  end  or  testa.  Will  you  take  literature! 
LIFE,  is  the  only  true  progress.  muiners  T  tbe  fine  arts  1  heroic 
The  question  then  arises,  what  is  achievements!  knowledge  1  power 
tbe  true  end  of  life  1  Mr.  Hopkins  over  external  nature !  If  you  take 
explains,  that  the  true  end  of  man,  literature,  we  deny  that  there  has  been 
as  s  social  beiug,  is  "  tbe  up-huild-  any  progress.  The  literature  of  the 
log  and  perfection  of  the  individual  best  AtheoiaD  age  was  better  thao  tbe 
man,  in  everything  that  makes  him  literature  of  the  nineteen^  ceetury. 
truly  man."  This  definition  does  not  Will  you  take  manners!  Are  out 
satisfy  us.  It  strikes  ns  SB  too  in-  manners  mwe  graceful  than  tha 
exact  for  a  philosophieal  writer.  Wa  Homan  *  Or  the  fine  arts !  There 
should  prefer  to  say  that  (A«  frus  cnrfo/  the  ancients  were  our  masters.  Or 
lift  13  the  cuiHealionof  tnan'i  moral  heroic  aohievementB  !  Where  have 
nature.  Everything  appears  to  us  to  they  been  seen  as  they  were  in  the 
point  to  that.  The  reason  and  all  the  ancient  commonwealths!  But  if  you 
Acuities  of  the  mind  ;  the  body  and  its  mean  power  over  the  external  world, 
TariouB  faactions ;  the  frame  of  society,  n-e  have  outstripped  everything  that 
&milies,  states,  governments  ;  aU  so-  the  world  has  known  before  us.  Or,  if 
cibI  and  political  iuBtitutions,  laws  and  you  speak  of  knowledge,  certainly  iw 
constitutiona,  are  all  but  puis  of  a  vast  previous  age  has  amassed  so  much. 
scheme  tending  to  develope  and  exer-  It  will  not  do,  therefore,  to  take  a 
ciae  the  moral  Acuities,  with  which  view  narrower  than  tbe  one  we  be^as 
the  Al  mitt  hty  hath  endowed  the  human  with;  and  with  that  before  as,  we  thiak 
iBce.  Without  this  key  to  its  royete-  the  question  capable  of  estisfactoiy  ta- 
ries,  life  is  an  inezplicable  enigma.  swer.  Has  there  been  a  progTMa  of 
FiMU  this  position  we  are  able  to  stir-  the  race  in  the  sense  in  which  we  have 
vsy  the  ground,  and  perhaps  to  answer  explained  it!  In  other  worde,  is  the 
saiiBfaclotiiy  the  qnestions  whether  race  nownearer  the  true  end,  to  whicb 
there  has  been  progresB,  and,  if  so,  it  should  ever  tend,  than  it  has  been  in 


I 


whether  tbe  phenomena  attending  it  anyprev 

indicate  a  law.     Tfaeae  two  things  are  The   progress  of  the   race ;  this  is 

qatte  distinct,  and  require  a  separate  one  thing ;  that  of  the  iodividnal  is 

examination.  another.    The  latter  is  very  much  d»- 

First.  Has  there  bean  a  progress  of  pendent  on  the  former  ;  but  they  mnat 

the    rue!      Before    tuuwering   this  not  be  conbnnded.    The  race  ia  mtie^ 

qnesUon,  let  na  look  at  the  subject  from  op    of  individnala.    Their   lives  am    l~)OOl 

eeitain  potnta  of  tlsw,  from  whieh  i(  M«t.    Their  qnalitiei  are  ponHBtl  tr-^  ^  ^-^Q ' 


I 


M44.|                        The  Lme  of  Progrtia  of  the  Itaet.  SDI 

themMWes,  ineftpable  of  tnnsrer.    It  worid  <    There  may   be    a   nanifstt 

ia  the  agEregatioa   of  all  these  indi-  pragreaB   in  one  nalion,   but  a  retro- 

Tida«!e.     If  the  Tieible  prn^rees  of  the  gteMton   in    olhera    more    oameronB, 

indlridnal  slops  with  his  Ufe,  in  what  so  that,    in  f&ct,   the  race  has  gone 

aeuse  can  iheie  be  a  pregreee  of  the  backward.       Look,    for    instance,    at 

nee  f  modern  Earope.    Italy  has  retro^ad- 

The  lace  never  dies.     All  the  itidi-  ed  during  Che  last  five  centaries.     S» 

Tidoali  that  oempnee  it  do  net  die  at  has   Spain.     Germany,   on   the   othsr 

the  earae  time.     When  one  dies,  the  hand,  has  advanced — France  has  ad- 
dced  fiirti 

Perhaps,  however,  the  resalt  nill  bo 

toms,  the  wealth,  the  learning  that  be-  tbe  moat  eatiefactoiy  if   we  confin« 

longed   to   the   race   whilst   he  lived,  onreelves  to  the   moat   civilized   por- 

The  ocquisirioira  ef  one  generation  do  lions  of  the  earth,  and  compare  the 

net  die  with  them  ;  they  are  commit-  highest  civilisation  at  one  period  with 

t«d  to  language  and  preaerved.    While  the    highest   at    another.     No    other 

the  indiridaals  perish   like  leaves,  the  comparison  will  furniah  reanlla  ao  1ike> 

raee  ef  man,  that  nyateriMis  aggrego-  ly  to  be  usefni.     None,  indeed,  will 

tion  of  persona,  flourishea,  aa  if  it  telt  approximate  so  near  to  absolnte  truth, 

no  loss.     The  great  heman  tide  awella  (or  the  more  civilised  porliona  of  the 

and  reeedea,  aa  if  there  had  been  no  world  always    act  moat  efficiently  on 

eliaage  in  the  paitictes  whieh  compose  the  rest,  dragging  the  more  harbaroaa 

it.  after  them,  and  a  omparieon  of  the 

There  is  a  settae  in  whiieh  an  indi-  highest  civilisation    will    serve  aa  a 

vidual  may  be   said   to   posseas  what  parrallel  to  the  lower. 

Others  have  left,  who  have  died  before  Taking  then  the  highest  dvilisation 

bim,  and  to  start  from  the  point  where  as  the  only  subject   of  comparison  at 

they  stopped.     A  peraon  bom  into  the  different  perioda  of  the  world,  what  is 

world  eoDiea  into  a  coramaaity  more  or  the  resnit  of  a  dispassionate  inquiry  ( 

less  educated.     Their  eiviliulion  af-  Is  the  civiliaation  of  the  most  eulti- 

fects  him.     He  inherits  the  writings  nf  vated  portion  of  Chriatendom  at  this 

previooa  generations,  and  the  wealth,  moment,  considered  in  relation  to  the 

the  arts,  &b  eontrivaacea  te  inorease  troe  enda  of  man'a  life  aa  we  have 

man'a  power,  which  hia  predecesaora  explained  them,  superior  to  that  of  any 

had  maide.    With  the  aid  of  these  he  other  part  of  the  world  at  any  previooa 

Btaits  in  life.     Thas  the  progress  of  time  *    We  think  it  is,  and  we  will  ex- 

the  race  afFects  the  progreaa  of  the  ht-  plain  in  few  worde  wherein  we  think  it 

dividual.  eo. 

At  this  moment,  there  is  a  oenain  ft  is  not  the  ntaas  of  knowledge 

■moant  of  intelligence  and  virtue  in  the  treasured  up  in  boohs  that  inHuenees 

worM.     Comparing  it  with  the  amount  our  judgment,  although  the  libraries  of 

in  rtiy  iermer  period,  is  there  mom  or  the  wnrid  now  contain  more  knowledge 

lean  than  there  was  then  1  Tothiaques-  than  was  ever  before  amaaaed.    It  is  not 

tien  we  seek  an  anawer.  this,  became  we  know  that  knowledge 

But  here  again  it  ia  necessary  to  dia-  may  be  bnried  ia  books,  doing  nothing 

criminate.     Suppose  a  greater  amount  lor   the   living   world.     The   Chinese 

in  the  aggregate,  while  at  the  same  have  the  philosophy  of  Zoroaster.   The 

time   the  population  of  the  world  has  Hindoos   the   philoinphy  of  the  Bra- 

inoreased  in  a  atitl  greater  prnportion,  mins.     To  the  people  they  are  aealed 

ao  that  ia  fact  the  aroonnt  relative  to  books.     In  the  middle  ages,  there  were 

population  ia  less.     Would  there  then  eopiee  of  the   best  worka   of  the  an- 

have  been  a  progress  1  eiente,   lying  in  the   libraries   ef  the 

liie   comparison  to   be  Just   should  monasteries    unread    and    almost   nn- 

inolnde  tbe  two  elements,  amooat  and  knowtr.    For    any    influence    on   the 

nambeta.    The  qneation  then  woold  world  then,  they  might  almost  as  well 

emce  to  this.    Is  tbe  nm  of  intalli-  not  have  been  written.     Nor  is  it  the 
^oee  and  vinne,  c 
popnlation,   greater 

been.    Perhaps,   indeed,  yet  another  in  them.    Such  existed  in  the  corrDpt 

element  shonld  be  added.    Will  yon  ages  of  Rome,  and  in    the  datkest^^ 

take    a   single    nation  >  or  the  whole  nights  of  the  world.    They  exist 
TOl.  IT. — so.  LXZir.              14 


LtOOJjIc 


toss  Tie  Lav  sf  Pr^gntt  tf  tke  Raer,  t^^V' 

ia  coBDtriH  thftt   are   flu   from   tbe  over  mxaet  ia  a  tbooBUd-firfll  aialti' 

cenlis  of  citiliutioD  i    id   \\tiy ;    in  plied.    There  eeema  no  limjt  to  ths- 

Ruuis  \  in  the  Eut ;  men,  vbo  could  pown  h«  hu  now  taken  xm  bis  aid. 

Btand  nde  bj  aide  with  the  best  and  He  miiea  ihe  eleMeeU  do  Ma  work, 

greateit  of  aay  age  or  land.     Modem  tad    eew  eembioMiena    of    elemente, 

civiJiaaLioii   is  aol    ia  advanee  of  the  There  has  been  ■ethisg'  like  it  in  thff 

ancient,   in  the  prodsctioii    of    noble  world  before. 

nee ;  noi  in  literature ;  nor  ia  the  fine         Now,  alihongh  erS    ha*   act   been 

arts;    sor  Id   taate  ;    nor  ia   heroism,  diifen  out  from  atnosget  ee ;  although 

But  itia  in  adTuwe  of  il  in  knowledge  the  criine  and  tbe  wretobedaau  of  toe- 

diffused ;  in  eelarged  philantbrop]' ;  in  woild  are  fiigktful  still,  wa  bold  that 

naleriBl  comforts,  arising  cliiefly  from  these    are    real   Binclistatia>a.       We 

the  eqaslisatioB  of  property  and  condi'  have  Dndoubllas   trust   that    tbey  are-    ' 

lioDi ;  in  control  oier  eitereaJ  nature  ;  alt  (aeasures  far  geod  to  man.     Thej 

in  forni*  of  goTeromeDt;  and    in  the  are  adva-noea,  not  towards  an  object  of 

knowledge  and  nainlcDsnce  of  human  uDSMbstmlial  good,  but  towards  a  real 

TJgbte.     In  these  respects,  do  previous  good  ;  a  true  eud.     Tbejr  are  the  proof 

age  of  tbe  wwld  baa  seen  what  we  aad  the  effect  of  a  real  piogrcs*  of  the 

Now,  these  are  thinga  which  enter       It  is  aot  oar  pnrfwae  at  Ibe  present 

into  the  fotmation  ef  nan's  noral  life ;  time  to  go  into  any  disoasHoa  of  tbe 

which  either  fashioa  it,  or  leaxe  it  free  causes  oftbie  progrees.     Oar  «bJeot  i» 

to  be  Ikshioned  by  good  influences.    It  acoomplished,  when  we  have  satisfied 

is  in  this  that  Ibe  progress  of  tbe  race  odt  readers  of  tbe  finl. 
towards  the  tine  end,  we  have  spoken        Nor,  indeed,    hare  we    toached  oi» 

•f,  is  manifest.    The  points  of  aupe-  what  we  regard  as  a  most  imiKirtanl 

rioritj  of  the  aneienta,  related  lees  to  elemenloftfaeqaeatkeB — theaenl  pre- 


le  moral,  and  more  to  the  beautiful  and 


iMiraiion  for  ftU»r«  progress  dsTolopvd 
by  the  past,  and  its  most  eacearagtng 


Take  a  single  example.    Until  mo-  aign.    Who  can  cast  a  single  glance                    , 

dem  ^T^i  '^  lightB  of  nan  aa  man  over  even  the  sarlaoe  of  society  with-                      | 

bare   been   little   nndersteod.     In  tbe  oat  perceiving,  in  erery  direction,  the 

old  oofuBi  on  wealths,  man  was  nothiog  ;  evidence  of  tbi«  trath  !     Who  oan  look 

the  slate  was  eieivthiiig.     He  bad  no  upon   tbe    fermentatioB    of    tbe   spirit 

lights-,  that  had  all.    It  might  do  what  of  reform  and  reorganintien,  viatUe 

itlihed.    He  was  its  instromenl  and  everywhere,  in  one  mode  of  aciion  or 

Tictim.    In  oar  days  man  is  inTest-  another,  withoat  petceiviag  that  the                . 

ed  with  a  ceiuin  sanctity.     His  right*  age  is  dready  nader  tbe  impulse  ef  » 

are  Mdet  than  tbe  lawa,  eider  than  the  force  aach  aa  »e  period  ef  the  whM'b 

state.     He  ia  the  equal  of  any  other  history  baa  befne  knewn  T    More  er 

man,  and  of  all  other  men,  and  he  is  less  wisely,  mora  or  less  ainoarety, 

hedged  aboat  wiib  a  divinity,  better  mote  <w  less  earnestly,  almoat  every 

than  Ibat  of  kinga.     He  baa  rights  too  man  appears  to  fed  bimaelf  under  the 

•acted  for  man  t*  toeeb,  bora  with  him,  inspiration  and  sway  of  some  one  ides 

and  inalieoaUe.    This  great  truth  ia  oiotber ofimprevement lobetoiledfer, 

the  distinotio*  of  the  modern  world,  ila  spoken   for,  written  for — if  need  be, 

patent  of  pracedeaee.  died  for— foe  ibe  good  of  bu  kiad  and 

In  tbe  other  respects  that  we  have  of  the  wwld. 

meotioaed,  tbe  anperiority  of  ibe  pre-  This  apirk  ia  that  a(  CTbristiaaily  j 

sent  will,  we  have  no  doubt,  be  readily  a»d,  divine  in  it*  origin,  divine  in  ita 

admitted.    The  bealtbi  comforts  and  power,  divine  in  its  aims  and  teodeaetes, 

noraiity  of  the  masses,  were  never  so  who  shall  presome  to  eel  limila  to  its 

great   as    Ibey    are    now.    He   who  work  of  regeneration  T 

doubts  it  moat  h&ve  read  the  past  with  Oar  article  has  expanded   itaelf  s» 

eonvieiions  different   from   our  own.  far,  that  we  mast  reserve  to  anothet 

So  the  general  diSuaion  of  knowledge  Dumber  what  we  have  written  upon  the 

surpasses  all  former  example.     Books  lemainiog  hrancb  ef  the  inquiry — the 

are  malti|)lied  by  milliona  of  presses,  question  of  the  ezisteDce  of  alaw,  •»• 

with  a  rapidity  thai  mocka  all  counting,  eordiug  to  which  the  progress  of  ifae 

and  are  offered  to  the  poorest  at  a  ^ce  laea  t^«e  plaoe.                 D.  D.  F. 

within  his  means,      Man's  domnioa  (~^OOoIp 


NATURE'S    LYRE. 

■T  tAMMa  •■  nmoiTAL. 

"  Ib  there  no  hand  to  nka  mj  ktieient  lyre  t" 

So,  throDgh  the  eolemn  hmh  of  midnkght,  eima 

Late  to  mj  eoni  %  Uhm,  that  Memed,  like  Ore, 
WiUuBiny  heart  to  light  ila  eailj  flame. 

Far  from  on  high  it  flowed,  and  to  mj  ear 

Bon  throogh  the  dark  profbaod  Um  aong  ofhidieet  a^iere. 

**  le  there  no  hand  la  tune  mT  harp  again, 

Ae  miee  it  rang  on  Ziuo  a  Mered  hilla, 
Whenee  borne  by  aire  from  heaven  o'er  vale  and  plain, 

The  deant  eniilml,  the  aea  «ru  smMiifa  and  itai — 
fa  there  no  Toiee  to  awetl  Uwt  loftj  lay 
Up  to  the  golden  gate*  of  never-ending  day ! 

"  Will  Done  awahe  again  the  heroio  rtiing, 

Sneh  aa  Olympna  hoaid  'mid  aky-crowned  anowa  1 
The  bonnding  mccenta  leap ;  TeBponsive  ring 

StToek  eworda  on  brasen  ahield  that  barniahed  glom. 
Will  DO  protid  yoDth  take  np  the  epio  aong. 
And  'mid  trinmphal  halla  ita  wondroaa  eharm  prolongi 

"  la  there  no  lip  oan  fill  the  paatnral  data, 
And  pour  iia  aweetneea  on  the  vernal  air ; 
To  the  EileM  linie  of  lorea  and  bioBsoma  eoit 

The  atrain  that  breathaa  alone  the  eoft  and  fair  1 
Is  there  no  joyous  heart  to  give  once  more 
The  featal  hyma  that  roae  by  myttle-tnfted  ahoie  % 


That  to  the  Joy  of  fight,  like  heme,  they  flew, 
Whether  on  Ilinm^'e  glory-lighted  ooaat, 
Or  where  the  Baltie  roUa  'mid  ValhaU'a  raalme  of  fioat  1 

"  And  who  ia  there  ean  laad  the  faii^  daiw«. 
To  ever-ohaDgefol  notae,  from  eitteroa  hsme 
Throng^  the  wiU  tangled  riiadowa  of  Rmnaoce, 

Oft  atartM  by  the  elaag  of  elfio  hors— 
la  there  a  voiee  ean  render,  foil  and  free, 
That  aoi^  (rftendereat  lore,  and  gayeat  revelry  1 

"And  dan  one  toneh  the  lyre  of  many  tonee. 

That  apake  the  all-meaiuDg  laagoa^  of  a  worid, 
So^etear  and  tnie,  the  aong  each  paaaton  omw, 

Hope'a  awaUing  Up,  and  pride'a  in  anger  earle^- 
Will  Mme  that  fnlleat  hamnny  display. 
And  lead  it  with  atroag  hand  oareering  on  ite  way  T 


oi^a 


I,  then,  all  foi^t  my  ancient  lyre, 
latore'a  pure  and  aimple  mnaie  atran 


Tnie  art  ia  perfect  nature — wake,  and  give  ^.~,  J 

NcwmotioB  to  ila  chorda,  and  kniwr,  thy  aevg  abaD  livf,|"  ,^^^  „   LjOOQ  IC 


Ode  d&y — perhaps  the  Tety  same —  devutalioo  and  death.  During  three 
roM,  aide  bj  aide,  two  iaiaoda  rrom  the  centuries  thej  lenewed  ihemaelves 
boaom  of  tbe  ocean.  Both  gifled  by  upon  the  land,  dlactaimiiig  to  establiah 
h«aTen  with  the  oame  verdant  dreaa,  themselvee  persianently,  and  quitting 
(he  BamQ  natural  reaourcee,  the  same  it  loaded  with  apoila.  When  they  ea* 
rich  and  fertile  aoil ;  aeparated  by  a  tablished  themselTea,  not  content  with 
channel  a  few  leagues  wide,  inhabited  claiming  all  the  aoil,  they  attributed  to  j 
by  populationa  of  difierent  origins  and  theraselTes  all  the  right,  laiaing  eternal  I 
manners,  Btrangeis  to  each  other  for  and  inaurmoun table  barriers  hetweea  . 
ceotories,  these  two  islands  lived  hap-  them  and  tbe  Tanquiehed,  whom  the^  | 
pilVi  till  Norman  adrentureTS,  having  trampled  under  foot,  despising  then 
seized  the  firtt,  cane  to  take  posses-  language,  violating  ibeir  cuatoms,  and 
sion  of  the  second,  and  the  countries  degrading  their  life.  When,  in  tbe  1 
were  soon  united  under  one  aceptre.  sixteenth  century,  the  mother  country 
Dating  from  this  moment,  their  desii-  ch^inged  its  religion,  they  changed  with 
nies  offer  only  an  odioaa  contrast.  hei,  and  were  astonished  that  a  people 
Here  the  conquering  race  mingled  who  bad  nothing  bat  tbe  faith  of  theii 
gradually  with  the  conquered.  An  falheis  refused  to  abandon  the  aole  pro- 
aristocracy,  powerful,  enlightened,  and  perty  they  had  Isft.  Then  commenced 
benevolent,  arose,  who  opposed  them-'  against  the  native  race  an  atrocious 
selves  to  royalty,  consUtnted  them-  perseoutioo.  The  nether  country  sent 
selves  patrons  of  the  people,  and  united  soldiers,  cannon  and  executioners.  The  , 
themselves  with  them  in  a  strict  com-  saints  of  Cromwell  lighted  like  vultures 
munily  of  langnage,  religion,  intereats,  on  this  unhappy  laud ;  blood  flowed  for 
ideas  and  prejudices.  Placed  at  the  more  than  a  century,  and  when,  at  last, 
bead  of  a  commercial  and  indueirioua  the  conquerors  were  tired  of  a  war  that 
Bociety,  this  aristocracy  comprehended  only  gave  birth  to  martyrs,  peraeention 
its  wants,  and  soon,  from  its  impulsion,  resolved  iteetf  into  a  vast  system  of 
a  secondary  aristocracy,  born  of  labor  helotiem  and  legal  oppression,  which 
and  wealth,  came  to  place  itself  beneath  luted  yet  a  hundred  years.  Two 
it,  and  form  an  uninterrupted  chain  great  revolutions,  those  of  America 
which  connected  and  harmonized  alt  and  France,  struck  the  first  blows  at 
parts  of  the  social  ediGce  from  the  base  this  system,  and  Providence  has  raised 
to  the  summit.  Thus  organized,  thus  np  a  powerful  man  who  will  now 
Merarchiztd,  this  i^nd,  in  apite  of  schieve  its  deslructiou. 
the  impetuous  storm  of  democraoy  Still,  if  the  instruments  of  s  tyranny 
which  roars  ronnd  it,  preaenta,  even  of  seven  centuries  are  nearly  destroyed, 
yet,  to  tbe  world  tbe  spectacle  of  a  na-  the  effects  of  this  tyranny  still  sut«ut, 
lion,  powerful  and  compaiuively  free,  and  the  contrast  presents  itself  still 
in  the  midst  of  tbe  most  complete  ine-  under  its  moat  hideous  aspect.  Of 
qoality.  these  two  islands,  hem  with  equal  rights 
What  if  now  from  tiiis  island  we  pass  to  the  same  destinies,  the  one.  Great 
to  the  other  ^  What  a  difference  1  Britain,  displays  itself  happy,  opn- 
Tbere  the  conqnerois,  far  from  uniting  lent,  proud  of  its  veasels  which  cover 
themselves  with  the  natives,  labor  in-  the  sea — of  the  gold  it  seeks  in  all  parts 
eeasantly  to  perpetnste  the  violences  of  of  the  world — of  its  old,  decrepid  inati- 
the  conqnest.  Recruited  by  bands  of  tutions,  for  they  hare,  for  a  long  lime, 
pillagers  which  the  mother  oeuntry  been  the  cause  of  its  prosperity  and 
sends  each  day,  they  cany  every  where  glety.    The  other,  Ireland,  complaint^  ~'^i-v0|p 


1644.]                                            (yCannell.  905 

■gtt«t««,  maliiiJiea, — oalied,  misenble,  er,  preMiving  one  fiom  the  contaet  aad 

•UTTod, — without  commerce,  without  iggresBion  of  the  other ;  one  huodced 

maun  foe  turea,  without  otber  reaoarcea  piilacea  to  a  thousand  hute  of  mud  ;  a 

than  the  aoU  whioh  it  ooveta  with  its  milliuu  of  beggara  to  one  hundred  like 

awest,    that   s   ael&ati    and    abhorred  Lucdlu* — such  is  Ireland.     It  can  be 

irislocno^   may   reap   the   fruite  and  conceived  thu  reduced  to  these  Bimple 

squander  it  abroad  ;  Ireland,  now  poli-  terms,  the  question  would  have  been 

ticalljr  free  but  aocialty  eoclaTed,  esa-  laog  sinoe  settled,  if  the  Irish  aristo- 

oratiog  the   inslitutioBs,   which    have  cracy  had  not  at  ita  service  the  artille' 

■ever  been  bat  murderous  weapons  in  r;,  lae  red  coats,  and  the  policemen  of 

the  hands  of  ita  oppretaora,  and  ciaini'  its  siaier,  the  English  aristocracy.  Thia 

ing  (he  first,  the  moat  iniperions,  of  all  l&tler  better  inspired  at  boma,  but  puah- 

Tighta,  that  of  living  by  labor.     Such  ed  here  by  religious  fanaticism  and  by 

are  the  two  countries  which  are  oalt-  an  inexplicable  antipathy  uf  race,  which 

ed  (no  doubt   in  derision)  tha  United  aeems  innate  between  those  two  people; 


Kingdoms  of  Great  Britain  and  Ire-    h^  a  love  badly  uaderatood  of  c 
^nd.  cial  gain,  and  by  the  charm  of  tl 

It  isopoa  thia  Ireland,  aofiivoted  by    mon  benefits  of  a  common  oppression, 


nature  and  so  maltreated  by  man,  that  and  finally  by  that  spirit  of  coheaion 

a  great  drama  ia  developing  itself  in  the  which  unites  all  aristocracies,  has  for 

face  of  the  world  1  looked  npon  with  a  seven  centuries  ordered,  directed,  au- 

fbarful  eye  by  the  English  aristocracy,  thorized  or  sanctioned  all  the  measures 

and  the  deaonemeac  of  which  will  be  which  have  brought  Ireland  to  the  state 

terrible,  fur  it  wilt  loosen  from  lis  base  la  which  we  now  see  her. 
the  old  edifice  of  the  British  ConstitH-        The  loss  of  their  American  colonies, 

tion.     In  this  dnma  thaie  are  four  prin-  in   opening   their  eyes,   brought  them 

cipal  actors— Protestant  Ireland,  Ca-  better  sentiments.     The  great  demo- 

tholic  Ireland, the  English  GorernmenI,  era  lie  movement  in  Europe  that  com- 

and  O'Connell.     Let  ua  briefly  establish  menced  with  France  frightened  iheoi. 

the  position  and  part  of  each  of  these.  Thevcommeacedbycoacedlngwithone 

The  Irish  population  is  divided  into  two  han^  and  punishing  and  chaining  with 

parties,  well  separated  without  any  in-  theoiher.  Theabolitiouofseveralpenal 

termediate  parties,  which  form  two  na-  laws,  the  merciless  suppression  of  the 

tions  intoooe.     There  are  the  Anglo-  insurrection  of'fiSand  the  actofUniou, 

Irish,  Orangemen,  aristocrats  and  rich,  1800,  are  almost  simaltaueouB.     Since 

who  are  a)[  the  same :  a  race  planted  by  then,  the  English  aristocracy  has  been 

the  Conquest,  secured  by  violence,  and  forced  to  alleviate  more  and  more  the 

enriched   by  spoliation.     According  to'  tyranny   that   weighed   upon    Ireland, 

the  statistics  of  1B34,  this  fraction  of  the  Now,  it  is  at  the  end  of  iu  ooncessions ; 

population  a  mon  Qted  to  only  800/)00.  from  being  political,  the  question  tends 

Then  comes  the  Milesian  Irish,  race  day  by  day  to  become  social.     It  is 

indigenous,   Catholio,   democratic  and  not  only  pulilioal  liberty  that  Ireland 

poor — a  race  cenquered  and  despoiled,  wishes — it  is   bread   and     fee  simple 

This  national  party,  to  which  are  now  in   the  soil — it  is  the  abolition  of  tbe 

Joined  the  Presbyterians  of  the  North  ruinous  lithe   it  pays  to  ministers  of  a 

and  other  Protestant  dissenters  opposed  religion   it   detests  ;    of  those  munioi- 

10  the  aristocracy,  amount  to  nearly  pal  corporations  which  crush  and  of 

7,000,000.  that  ftrmit^  tvilem  which  exhausts 

In  the  Ant  party,  the  fortunes  vary  it  :    it   is,   in   fact,   the   possibility  of 

from  jC50,000  to  j^^SOOayear ;  in  the  acquiring  that  soil  of  which  she  has 

second,  with  the  exception  of  some  few  been  despoiled,  which  it  fertilises  with 

individuals  engaged  in  commerce  and  its  hands,  and  upon  which  it  dies  with 

manufactures,   same    privileged    ones  hunger.     In  a  word,  the  English  aris- 

eat  potatoes  three  times  a  day  ;  others,  tocracy  cannot  free  itself  from  this  phan- 

less  favored,  twice,  and  those  in  a  state  torn,  which  constantly  risee  before  it, 

of  indigence  only  once ;   and,  finally,  but  by  reforming  the  Irish  aristocracy, 

some  still  more  destitale,  remain  one  the  municipalities  and  ihe  church — that 

and  Bmnetimes  even  two  days  withoat  is  to  say,  by  strikingat  the  constitutional 

any  nouri^ment.     Here  then  there  is  principles  of  its  own  extsience.     How- 

nn  middling  class  forming  a  graduated  ever  different  n        '       '       '         '  '*"  ' 

scale  from  Ihe  nultiooaiie  to  uie  labor-  tvo  coontriea,  ' 


IU)  own  ouflieuce.      Jiuw- 

It  may  be  tbe  state  of  th»^  I , 

M,  would  not  BuchameaV^jVJU^It 


MS  ffComtO.  [Aug. 

nre  be  a  Mit  ormicid«  fm  tba  Engliah  wbollj  iiwBni«ted  in  the  atnogs,  gnnd 

arutocnoj,  tnd  will  they  be  gaoeraaB  and  complex  oigknisuioa  thai  u  oalled 

•noagbtoaecompIUh  it !  DaoiBl  O'Coutiell. 

This  brif^  D«,  at  iMt,  after  Mrsral         The  Agitafr,  as  he  ia  dettominated 

diffTMaiOM  which  appeared   iBdiapen-  by  the  whiga ;  the  Beggar  King  ac- 

•tSle  fat  eleav  Dnderataedinz  of  what  eerdiug  to  the  toriea ;  or,  the  lAbtrgtor, 

fbllom,  to  aranoacb  eertBinry  not  the  a*  he  ia  oalled  hj  the  Iriah,  waa  bora 

moat  elevated,  bat  the  moat  extnoTdi-  at  Caahen,  in  the  aoothneat  of  Irelud, 

nary  Uatarioal  type  of  oui  times.    Ima-  in  the  Coanty  of  Kerry,  a  wild  and 

gine  a  man  who  is  neither  sotdier,  ROODDtainoaa  part  of  the  proTioca  of 

magiatiate  dot  priest,  and  wboae  ao-  MeoiteT,   in    1774,   oae  of  the  wont 

tionaaAd  eoairtenaiice  partake  of  all  of  jeaia  for  Ireland  ttua  haa  never  had 

them;  a  mas  poaaeasing  no  other  power  any  which  were    ^ood.      The  lenl 

tbao  hie  eloqaenoe,  who  hae  atteeeeded  tyranny  was  then  in  fnll  force.     The 

—^  an  organised  eooieiy,  amid  a  htby-  penal  laws  eaeloaed  the  Catholics  ia  a 

linth  of  represeite  laws — in  founding  band   of  iron.     Misery  forced  men  to 

an  extm-Jej^  govenmeat  of  which  he  brigandage:   armed  baada  ander  the 

ia  the  supreme  and  abeolute  bead;  a  nameofwhiieboya,orblaekboTs,akind 

power  which,  seated  on  the  fragile  base  of  outlaw*  bearing  some  resemblaoee  to 

of   popularity,    baa     endured    twenty  those  of  Ivanhoe,  ravaged  the  conntry 

yeara  and  iocreasea  every  day  ;  a  pow>  and  avenged  themselvea  by  crioie  on 

er  Buch  aa  never  exiBted,  which  extends  the  deapotism  of  the  laws.     Two  yeara 

everywhere  tboagh  ita  lawe  are    no-  later  the  American  revolaUoD  gave  the 

wfaere  written,  which  ia  exercised  in  first  and  moat  vigoroua  ahock  to  Ire- 

ibe  light  of  day  without  other  meana  of  land. 

aetion  than  praiae  and  blame,  which  has        Daniel's  fkmily,  of  Hileaian  origin, 

its    civil   list   paid  before    tbe    legal  had  taken  a  great  part  in  the  bloody 

impost,  eolleols   taxes,  gives  with  the  contestfl   of  the  Anglo-Nocman   inva- 

finger  and  eye  advice  that  is  more  pow-  aitm.     The  Agitator  haa  inherited  the 

eriml  than  laws — so  to  speak — to  seven  energies  and  bates  of  his  forereibers, 

miltioae  of  people.     Enter  for  an  in-  chiefs  of  the  clan  of  Iverrarah,  who, 

slaiit  into  the  positionofthisioterested  to   avail  myself  of  tbe  expression  of 

mediator  between  England  and  Ireland,  Hanmer,  the  old  ehroniclei  of  the  Con- 

— that  is  to  say,  between  the  slave  im-  queac,  "  received  the  gallant  chevaliers 

pUient  of  the  yoke  and  always  ready  oi  Britain  sword  in  hand,  valiant  men, 

to   revolt,   and   the   master   weary   of  brave  on  foot  and   horaeback."     The 

S 'elding,  pushed  by  Irritation  to   vio-  last  descendant  of  this  race,  the  father 

nee.    Between  these  two  opposing  of  Daniel,  Morgan  O'Coonell,  cnlti- 

paasioriB,  of  which  one  is  more  im-  vated  the  lands  of  his  ancestora  onder 

petuous  than  powerful,  and  the  other  the  title  of  fanner  to  the  Protestant 

more  powerful  than  impetooug,  obaerve  Cidlege  of  Dublin  \  be  has  not  the  lose 

this  man,  who  leaches  the  slave  how  he  lefl  hia  aon,  the  oldest  of  the  family,  a 

ahonid  supply  force  by  cunning,  threat-  handsome  fortune,  which,  joined  to  that 

en   alwava,  hot  never  attack,  agitate  of  an  uncle  still    more  rich,    placed 

paeificalfy,  and  keep  upon  tbe  extreme  O'Connell  from  the  first  in  a.  fine  poai- 

limit  whieh  separatee  legal  resistance  lion  for  a  Catholic.    Tbe  early  educa- 

fh)m  insnrreclion ;  who  at   one  time  tion  of  the  young  Daniel  was  confided 

frighteas  the  master  with  the  thunder  te  the  care  of  those  enthusiastic,  ana- 

ef  bis    vmca,    at   another    ehigs  his  lere  priests,  ardent  patriota,  with  whom 

pnisBS,  gesticulates  like  a  madman  in  Ireland  abounds,  and  whose  type  Shell 

the  pubtio  square,  then  dressed  like  a  has  so  well  reproduced  in  the  portrait 

eonrtier  goes  to  pay  his  court,  chicanes  of  Father  Murphy  of  Carofin.     It  ap- 

like   a  lawyer  and   ihonders  like  the  peara  that  he  was  first  destined  for  the 

paUio  orator,  allies  ia  enormoue  pro-  Chnreh.    The    Anglican    intolerance 

portions  the  moat  opposite  qualiiiee  and  was  then  in  full  vi^or.    The  Catholic 

failinge — eraA    and     (rankness — pro-  eolleges  were  prohibited  in  the  ihreft 

dence  and  vitdence — energy  and  eub-  kingdoma,  and  all  tbe  yooths  of  Ireland 

tiltty— dignilv      and     eoareeness — the  were  placed  between  ignorance,  Bh[u- 

most  elevated  ideas  and  the  roost  vul-  ration,  or  a  voyage  beyond  the  sea. 

gu  declamation,  and   all  this   mixed.  The  father  of  O'Connell  cbose  the  lat-    ~'        -~\  -i] 

onited.fiised  into  a  sentiment  that  never  ter.     He  sent  him  first  to  tbe  Doraioi-  -^lOOQ  I 

ehucw— hn«  f«  hia  nativa  land —  eaa  filheta  at  Loovain,  ud  &om  tbeia  ^ 


iSU.j  CCmndL  «9 

to  the  J««uil«  U  SL  Oinei"*,  vbero  he  the  Act  of  Umon,  ■  yeang  nua  who 
|>aued  two  ya&im,  and  showed  himeeU'  Bpoke  se*erml  times,  and  wu  distin- 
tsote  lif^rooe  with  the  fi«t  ihka  the  ^shed  by  therough  fehemenee  nf  hi* 
pen,  and  msdo  but  middling  prat^tosa  ulliea  uainit  the  new  rigorg  of  Eng- 
IB  his  stulieB.  "  I  do  not  kaow,"  ssje  }&nd  and  the  legal  destniclion  ef  the 
Sheil,  "whu  efaaaged  the  destinatiaa  indepeiiitencearhiaeoanttj',  wm  Dttn- 
*>i  O'Cennelt ;  probabl;  he  felt  that  he    iel  O'Cunnell. 

hAd  too  Bnch  fleah  and  blood  in  faim  te  Pram  179Hta  ISIO  theKfe  of  O'Con- 
become  a  mook,  and  the  DOT«ltr  of  the  doU  vaa  pasted  in  the  eiereiee  of  hie 
legal  easeei  templed  him.  The  bar  profession,  snd  bood,  in  spite  of  the  ob- 
had  jaet  then  beea  opened  to  CBih»-  B(aol«8  which  were  au«ehed  to  hia 
lies.  He. left  St.  Omer'a,  ita  musea,  qaaiity  of  Caiiiotic,  he  raUed  himielf 
ita  veaper*  and  ila  faata ;  and  having  to  the  first  raak  at  the  bar,  coneentrat- 
«wallawed  the  neeeaeary  aDmber  of  ed  upon  himself  the  eyes  ef  hia  eo-rO' 
lega  of  mBtton  at  the  middle  temple,  ligioiiate,  and  laid  the  roaadaliofl  ofhia 
was  leceived  in  the  Irish  bar  at  the  politieat  power.  Declared  unworthy  of 
Eaater  tern  of  IT9i."  Anather  faul  all  eiril,  adtainiBlratire  ar  military 
and  bloodT  year  for  IreJand,  where  the  funotion,  depriTOd  of  all  rights  aave 
yoang  aJvacate,  ia  ateppiag  on  the  that  af  paying  enormous  impoata,  the 
«hoiea  of  hie  nalire  country,  (sand  it  Cathalica,  eo  te  speak,  did  not  exist  aa 
rebellioua,  conquered,  chutited  with-  eitizena.  O'Conaell  reaalred  to  break, 
«ut  mercy  nader  the  blows  or  an  atro-  one  by  one,  these  fetters  with  the  sola 
ciout  martial  law,  aad  jostled  fran  tha  inalcament  that  had  bee*  left  bin,  elo- 
fiiei  agaioM  English  bayoaeta,  gibbeta  qosace  ;  b<a  repat&lion  at  the  bar  ia 
and  corpaaa.  making  him  the  born  defeader  af  all 

The  bistery  of  the  great  repabliean  Catholies,  in  ciril  aa  well  as  eriniinal 
raoTemeat  led  by  the  association  of  pracessea,  served  him  narrelloaBly  in 
United  Irishmen,  is  pretty  generally  hi*  ambition  aa  liheratsr. 
fcnown  1  bow,  under  the  influence  of  the  We  may  here  say  a  few  words  npea 
French  reTelution  of  '89,  the  plebeian  the  ehangiag  aad  busy  pfaysio^noray  of 
Proleaianu  and  Catholics  of  Ireland  lawyer  and  political  leader,  which 
united  themselves,  for  a  moment,  to  marked  O'Conaell  daring  IhiHy  yeara, 
break  the  English  deminion ;  how  the  and  which  he  has  despoiled  of  one  of 
faorrora  csramitled  ia  Paris  in  'DSdiau-  its  distinctive  traita,  now  that  he  baa 
aited  and  weakened  iheir  aseociation  ;  left  the  hat.  Shell  has  punted  thia 
how  the  French  eipeditioa,  conducted  periad  of  his  Ufe  in  a  portrait  wherft 
fay  Gen.  Hoche  at  the  close  ef  'B&.  re-  English  humor  is  mingled  with  a  fancy 
(nrned  without  having  effected  a  land-  entirely  French,  which  retainda  us  <^ 
ing ;  how  a  second  Freach  army,  under  the  best  pages  of  Timon  ;  it  is  there 
Gen.  Humbert,  came  too  late  to  sustaia  we  must  tee  the  barriateriahisfashion- 
it,and yetaooe enough  to liad itMlfsur-  able  house,  Merrion  square,  Dublin; 
rounded  by  anperlor  forces  aad  obliged  at  first  a  serere  reclnae,  tif  before  the 
to  surrender ;  haw  England,  h&ving  sun,  absorbed  in  the  study  of  anmeraaa 
Ireland  under  her  feet  con  que  red  and  briefs  which  liearound  him  ;  then,  some 
eibansted,  repented  sfthe  coneeaaions  hours  later,  arriving  at  ibePonrCoaita, 
taade  before  the  struggle  and  profited  the  Dublin  hall  of  justice,  brilliant 
by  its  weakness  to  faalen  open  it  an  ab-  with  life  and  health  and  carrying  press- 
solute  yoke :  how,  in  spite  of  the  elo-  ed  against  hia  breast  a  bag  so  hllel 
quent  adjurations  af  Grattan,  the  De-  that  hit  robuat  arm  oan  scarcely  Sus- 
nioBthenes  of  the  Irish  parliament,  tain  it ;  a  living  palisade  of  elienu  sor- 
one  hundred  and  eighleen  nen  were  lound  hire  with  out-stretehed  neck,  eara 
found  base  enough  to  sell,  for  valuable  and  mouth  open,  endeavoring  to  catch 
conaiderations, their poljiieal existence;  flying  some  opinion  which  they  may 
how,  finally,  the  Irish  Partiameat  com-  chance  to  extort  gratia  frera  the  Coan- 
tnitted  suicido  by  the  aid  of  a  vote  seller  by  wheedling  him ;  buraling  with 
which  cost  Pitt  a  million  aad  a  half  laughter  at  the  copiousnesa  of  his  joy- 
sterling  ;  all  theM  facts  belong  to  Irish  ous  and  familiar  pleasantries,  or  trein> 
history,  and  we  will  not  dwell  upan  bling  when  in  a  more  severe  and  high- 
then.  Let  ns  be  euntented  is  saying  er  tine  he  stands  aa  a  prophet  to  an- 
(hai  at  an  aaseraUy  of  the  lawyers  oC   noaaee  lo  them  that  the  redemption  of.^  . 

PaUin,  coBToked  to  prateat  agaiaat    Ireland uitear.     Sui  the  Court  openi(^^QQn  |q 


MB                                              O'CwnOI.  [A19. 

the  CDDBMlIor  mnB  fiom  h&]l  to  hall,  grief  end  preja^ice  of  the  Proteetant 

perfoimt  >loTie  the  work  of  twenty  law-  pedeBlriana. 

yen,   inlPrUTds    every   cidm   in   the  Tbia  sketch  tafficee  lo  give  an  ide» 
AfsneCourtorCourt of  Seseione  with  of  (he  Miange  u)d  deionring  Ufe  of 
ao  oralioa   upon  the  ect  of  Union  ot  O'Conuell    until    the   C}ire   eleetiuni. 
the  English  tyranny,  peisoi>i£eB  entire  One  incideai,  howefei,  menu  partion- 
Ireland  in  the  most  oDscure  of  bis  c)i-  lar  mention,  the  more  »d  as  ma/iy  ac- 
ents,  and  pockets  the  lees  wilh  the  air  connls  hare  falaified  it  to  the  relation. 
of  a  nan  who  devotes  himself  to  his  In     1S15,   at    a    meeting    in    Dublin, 
country.     At  three  the  Court  adjonna ;  CConnell,  iu  attacking  wilh  hia  ordina-                     I 
0'Connell,coTeTed  with  Bneat.  nastens  ry  violeace  the  mueicipal  corporauoB 
to  a  meeting   aseembled  in   the   nest  of  that  city,  called  it  a  if«orif  corjw-                     1 
tavern,  where  he  directs  the  storm  of  ratiott ;  a  lawyer,  Kamed   B'Esierte, 
popular  deba.le  with  such  force  of  lungs,  descended  from  a  family  ef  FrolealaDi                      ^ 
ao  much  energy,  thai  one  would  say  he  ^French  refugees,  regarded  it  as  a  per>- 
had  juit  commenced  the  labors  of  the  sunal   iasult  and  sent  a  challenge   la 
day.     At  seven  a  banquet  waits,  where  O'Connell,  who  refused  to  accept   it,                      1 
he  is  a  joyoHS  guest,  delivers  half  a  denying  at  the  same  tine  all  imention 
itaen  diaconrees  in  praise  of  Ireland,  of    peraonal    isBnlt ;    hia    adversary 
retires   at   a  late   hour,   and    gathers  threatened   him   with   a  blow.      The                      I 
strength  from  a  short  sleep  to  re-com-  friends  of  O'Connell  decided  that  the 
mence  on   the  morrow.      In   another  duel   ahonld   take  place :  the   weapon                      I 
place,  Sheil  has  drawa  the  counsellor  at  chosen  was  the  pistol  and  the  aggresaoi                   1 
the  levee  of  the  Lord  Lieutenant,  awnrd  was   killed.      O'Connell,   Btiuck   with 
on  tfaigk  in  the  ranksof  the  opptcsBors,  horror    at   his  victory,   repaired   with                      ' 
like  them  haogbiy  and  servile ;  or  at  bis    owb  and  D'Etteire'a   aecosda   10 
anoiher  time  going  wilh  great  cere-  church,  swore  solemnly  that  he  wouM 
mony,  a  branch  of  laorel  in  his  hand,  never    fight    again,   and    offered    lh» 
to  receive  with  bended  knee  bia  majes-  widow    of  his   adversary    a    pension 
ty  George  IV.  upon  the  shore  of  Dun-  equal  to  the  annual  income  earned   by 
lesry.     And   that   nothing   should    be  her  husband,    ^be  corporation  of  Dub- 
wanting  to  the  iooongruons  celora  of  lb  decided  that  the  offer  should  not  be 
this   portrait,  here  is  now  O'Connell,  aoceptad,  and  voted  from  its  awn  funds 
whom  a  Ditblio  jury,  thiifuUy  chotta,  the  Sam  promised  by  O'Connell. 
would  condemn  at  sight,  aa  gniltv  of  The  Agitator  has  since  been  often 
conatntclive  high  treason — m  much  all  reproached  with   entrenching   biiQaelf 
his  geBtnrea  and  appearance  are  im-  behind  this  vow,  tu  insult  with  impu- 
preased  with   this  national  aenliment,  nily.     The  reproach  ta  not  well  found- 
the  indepeodenee  c^  Ireland,  ot  the  ed.    The  personal  courage  of  the  im- 
combuslioo  of  the  world.     His  figure  [leluDus  Irishman  cannot  be  doubled  ; 
is  athletic,  his  couDtenaace  happy  and  but  it  ia  certain  that  he  has  oflen  want- 
pleasing,   hia   featiirea   both    soft  and  ed  dignity,  and  has  not  well  understood 
manly,  the  ruddy  lint  of  health  and  a  thai   in    the    exceptional    position    in 
MOguine   teraperameDC   glows   in    his  which  he  has  placed  himaelfr  decency 
countenance,  which  radiates  with  pa-  in  attack  was  the   most  imperions  of 
triotic  emotions.      In  his  aimnlation  af  duties.     We  even  believe  that  latterly 
SpariacuB  he  shoulders  his  umbrella  some  of  his  sons  oraephews  baveheen 
like  a  pike,  throws  one  seditious  foot  obliged  to  tight  for  him. 
before  another,  as  if,  already  breaking  We  finally  arrive  at  the  noal  hril' 
hia  chains,  be  drove   before  him   the  lianC  period  in   the  life  of  O'Connellr 
protestanl  supremacy,  while  from  time  and  aa   it  is   better  known   than   the  , 
to  time  the  movement  of  bis  large  bust  others,  we  shall  be  mote  brief. 
and  democratic   shoulders    eeema    an  To  the  Association  of  United  Irish- 
aflbrt  to  throw  to  a  distance  the  op-  men  had  sacceeded  the  Catholio  Com- 
pteaaion  of  aeven  hundred  years.  Now  mittee.    A  eilk  nen^ant  of  Dublio, 
turn  the  page  ;  and  here  is  the  democrat  named  John  Keogh,  a  man  of  capacity 
who  passes  like  lightning  in  his  bril-  superior  to  his  birth  and  education,  had 
liant  and  revolulionary  equipage,   hia  formed,  Buslained  and  directed  ila  op»- 
^reen  carriage  and  liveries,  his  foam-  rations.    At  hie  death  the  Association 
log   popish   coursera,  galloping    gaily  lost  nearly  all  its  power  and  farce,  and 
ever  the  proteetant  pavement  to  the  the  liberal  ptomisea  of  King  ^^'Sf  ^,^i-\|-\|/ti 


18U.]  CCMut^.  mi 

■nooeeded  in  diwDMng  it.  These  ttf.  It  anerwaTd*  took  the  name  of 
promiaes  were  ekdcHJ,  end  io  1B33  the  J'fational  AuoeioHon.  To  onumente 
Catholics  fotind  tbemselTeB  deatitiite  of  the  ecle  of  thia  nnpultr  goTernmenl, 
all  prioeiple  of  anily  end  centre  of  «e-  is  to  write  the  history  of  O'Connell ; 
tioa,  when  O'Coanelt  end  Shei),  ud-  fur  the  AseociatioD  led  Ireland,  end  he 
til  then  etr«nger«  to  one  another  and  led  the  AMOcittcion. 
evBD  eoemiee,  met  at  the  bonea  of  a  The  firet  election  of  O'Connell  was, 
common  friend  io  the  mountaiDs  of  without  coDtraiiictioD,  one  of  tiK  moet 
Wicklow,  Hid  formed  the  project  of  audacious  attempts  of  this  power.  The 
taiaiog  the  Catholic  party  from  the  law,  in  impoeing  on  all  Cathdics  the 
abject  state  to  which  it  was  reduced,  obligation  of  swearing  to  uptioM  tlie 
Sonne  nMintha  after,  twenty  iDdi*iduals  Protfstant  eupremacy,  wa«  by  the  act 
aseembled  at  the  Dempsey  tavern  in  itself  a.  genuine  law  of  proecription,  and 
Dnblin,  and  formed  the  nucleoe  of  that  no  Catholic  had  ever  cmbred  himseif  as 
immenae  Catholic  Aesociation  which,  a  candidate,  when  the  aeHOciatinn  re- 
six  years  laur,  in  1S3U,  embraced  all  solved  to  brave  the  law.  The  member 
Ireland,  supported  its  deorees  with  the  Irom  Ennie,  Mr.  Veeey  Fitzgerald,  of 
voices  of  sevea*  millions  of  meo,  aitd  the  Protestaiit  religion,  but  Catholic  in 
forced  from  the  Wellington  and  Peel  politics — that  is       '  ■    -. 


adminiatratioo,  the  tnemoraUe  act  of   language  of  tlie  Iridi — having  accepted 

EmanciptUion.  a  place  in  the  miniatry,  waa  ofaliped  to 

A  word  on  the  organization  of  the    anhmit  to  a  new  election;  and  it  was 


Cat/utlie  Ajtociation;  the  tilraJegal  then,  in  ISS6,  the  Aeeoeiatioa  decided 
government  of  which  we  spoke  in  the  that  O'Connell  should  be  his  competitxir, 
comoMiD cement,  which  liad  its  budget,  and  tbsX  he,  a  Catholic,  ehould  present 
ila  treasury,  its  lawyers,  its  proctors,  himself  for  the  eufflagea  of  the  electuia 
its  joarnalisu,  which  in  one  day  could  ofClare.  O'Connell  accepted  this  great 
raise  all  Ireland,  which  constituted  mii^sion,  and  an  elective  contest  waa 
iceclf  the  defender  of  the  people,  and  opened  wliich  wiU  be  long  remembered 
the  indefatigable  controller  of  the  acta  in  Ireland,  for  it  waa  there  that  it  ac- 
of  the  English  governmeDl,  and  which,  quired  the  eentiment  of  its  power, 
by  the  influence  of  an  entirely  moral  au-  On  one  side,Mr.VeBey  Fitzgerald,  ac< 
thority — and  therefore  the  more  power-  companied  by  all  the  orietocracy  of  the 
iiil — sooceeded  in  bringing  order  from  country, — on  the  other,  the  Agitator, 
disorder  itself.  A  Central  Commit-  followed  by  an  immense  crowd  of  free- 
tee  silting  at  Dublin,  and  compoeed  holders,  preceded  by  priests,  banners, 
of  members  whose  mode  of  election  and  ba^ipes,  and  making  the  air  re- 
varies  according  to  circumstances,  le-  soundwith  its  shouts:  upon  the  husUnga 
presented  the  Society  and  took  all  the  two  rivals  addressed  the  populace, 
measures  judged  useful  for  the  common  Mr.  Vesey  Fitzgerald  spoke  of  all  tlie 
cause.  This  Cammitlee  was  regularly  services  renders  by  his  ancestors,  of 
aasembled,  examined  all  the  laws  pro-  his  own  services,  and  ofthose  of  hisold 
posed  to  Parliament,  diaeussed  ihem,  father,  venerated  in  the  connty,  and  at 
censured  the  sots  of  power  and  ita  that  moment  on  the  bed  of  d^tfa,  and 
agents,  made  resolutions,  published  witose  su&rings  rendered  the  remem- 
Ihem  by  means  of  its  Journals  ;  in  a  brance  more  touching.  The  crowd  re- 
word, acted  as  a  regular  Parliament  of  sponded  to  the  tears  of  the  orator  with 
which  it  only  wanted  the  power  to  make  tears  of  sympathy  ;  but  eoon  the  vdce 
laws  obligatory  for  all.  The  mode  of  of  O'Connell  was  heard — that  great 
raising  the  lax,  which  in  1835  was  one  voice  which  penetrates  to  the  hearts  of 
penny,  bad  undergone  eevenJ  trans-  the  masses,  b^  turns,  solt,  vibrating, 
formsiions  to  escape  the  action  of  the  Hiergetic,  ironic,  pathetic,  coarse,  and 
English  Parliament.  Dissolved  time  pitiless.  Huzzas  for  O'Connell  were 
and  again  as  oncoastitutional,  the  As-  oeard  Irom  all  sides,  and  the  eucceesof 
itself,    re-  bis  election  was  certain.    It  is  related, 


forms  itself  ander  another  name  and  in  reference  Io  this  subject — as  an  e.. 

wiih  other  forms,  but  the  foundation  is  ample  of  the  power  of  the  Aesociation 

always  the  aams.    Thus  in  1830,  it  upcm  Ireland — that  the  Committee  for- 

was  called   iho  Catholic  A»*oeialioni  bad  this  immense  multitude  to  drink 


in    1837,  the   Otnerat   Aisocialioa   of   whwkey  during  the  election,  and  dwt     ^  ~-  i 

Ireland;  in  1839,  the  PrecwsorSoci-    not  a  single  man  rebelled  against  the     ^^jOOQIC 


«f                                           (rCameO.  [Asg. 

Inpined  oblintioii ;  a  remirkable  fiu^  npm  tbeir  gatji ;  to  tha  mijori^  of 

wben  we  tjU£  into  cooaidention  the  the  foieiKn  ndicak  O'ConneU  is  luuv 

pnqieiiaitr  to  drankenneoB,  which,  be-  inw-caiiimd,  witbout  «c<^,  fumi^ied 

fofe  tbe  adrest  of  Father  Malhew,  to  with  munificent  organs,  a  liead   im- 

emineotlf  diatiagniehed  the  Irish  pea»-  boed  wiUi  old  sectariui  prejudieee,  a 

ant.  eoit  of  Circe,  half  lawyer  half  priest. 

Six  mootha  after,  the  English  govern'  the  worst  species  of  aJliance  and  saao- 
raenl,  &igbtened  \n  ra  much  audacity,  ciatioa ;  to  the  Irish,  OX^onneU  is  more 
determined  lo  yield,  and  the  emancipa-  than  a  man  \  he  is  ahnoat  &  god. 
tku)  bill  was  passed;  and  O'ConneU  did  All  these  distent  modes  of  eatinul- 
DOt  fearto  present himaelf  at  Westmitt-  tioo  are  conceivable  and  eiplained  by 
Iter  to  claim  his  seat  as  deputy  bom  O'Cotmell's  mt^Hlity,  a  mcrtiility  tlie 
Clare,  invoking  the  benefit  of  a  law  cause  and  juetification  of  which  must 
passed  after  his  electioo.  On  be  llith  be  sonffbt  in  the  mixed  position  he  has 
May,  1 829,  he  made  his  first  appearance  iiksa  between  legality  and  iosunection. 
in  Paiiiament.  England  had  already  O'ConneU  ia  neither  a  man  of  pnre  par- 
seen  the  AeitatoT,  when,  in  lS3d,  he  liamentarroppoeitiun,  Dortrfrevolatioii ; 
came  at  the  head  of  a  deputation  charged  he  is  both  by  turns  according  to  the 
to  expose  the  wrongs  of  the  Irish  peo{de.  case,  for  with  him  everything  consists  in 
He  had  been  received  with  applause  bv  (dteving  and  reeiating  with  ^cenunenL 
the  people;  and  these  same  people,  ciin-  O'ConneU  iHOOtahumaiutafiaii  philoao- 
OQB  to  see  agaio  the  man  who  Lad  filled  pher,  becaase  above  aU  he  is  the  man  of 
Ireland  with  the  sound  of  his  name,lbed  his  country,  and  Ireland  has  toomayiHa 
the  avenues  which  ted  to  the  houses  of  of  its  own  to  think  of  dissertating 
Parliament  O'ComwU  entered ;  the  syntheticaUy  upon  the  iOs  of  the  ha> 
haU  was  crowded,  and  upon  his  refusal  man  species.  O'ConneU  is  a  Catb<iie 
totake  the  <dd  oath,  the  Speaker  slated  first  because  he  is  an  Irishman,  and 
that  the  law  of  emancipaticHi  conld  not  then  beoanse  he  speaks  to  Irishmen 
have  an  &r  pod /ado  action,  and  desired  and  for  Irishmen.  O'Cotmeil  has  not 
him  to  retire.  He  did  so ;  and  bis  elec-  caused  bis  coutitiy_  to  revolt,  and  thoufjh 
tion,  after  being  snbjected  to  a  lively  dia-  he  could  do  so  with  a  gesture  be  will 
cnesion,  was  finally  annulled.  After  not  do  it,  for  he  does  not  thuik  England 
some  dajra  consecmled  to  festivities,  sufficiently  divided  nor  Ireland  suf-  | 
oivenlolumbytbeRadicateintheLon-  fldently  strong  to  risk  the  initiative.  -. 
don  Tavran,  0*001111611  started  to  de-  Think  of  all  the  previous  attempts 
mand  again  the  enffiagea  of  the  electors  where  God  bss  sufibred  the  Uood  of  the 
«f  Clare.  His  pn^ress  through  Ireland  oppnisaed  to  flow  in  vain,  think  of  the 
was  one  long,  immense  triumph ;  forty  frightful  responsibility  wbidi  weighs 
dtoasand  persona  constantlv  surrounded  npon  the  h^  of  a  single  man,  see 
the  open  carriage,  &om  which  the  Agi-  this  man  who  feels  that  t&e  time  draws 
tator  addressed  Uiem.  At  last  he  arrived  near,  hut  who  rec<8ls  before  tbe  sacri- 
at  Clara,  at  one  o'clock  in  the  day,  fice  of  a  whole  genetstioo,  who  hopes 
where  be  made  a  solemn  entry,  followed  to  die  -before  the  hour  of  battle,  and 
jiy  tbe  whole  population  of  the  county,  comprehend  the  secret  anguish  oi 
intbemidstoffiowers, wreaths,  torches,  OX^onneU. 

to  the  sound  of  noisy  huzzas  and  the  ac-  If  O'ConneU  has  not  givm  happiness 

clamations  of  the  women,  who  waved  and  aoeiel  life  to  Ireland,  he  has  ai  least 

their  handkerchiefs  and  threw  him  bo-  given  it  the  sentiment  of  »trej\ffk  in 

quets.    Such  trinmphi  worthily  recobi-  union,  and  whatever  may  be  the  issne  in 

pense  great  orators,  and  great  defenders  the  strugrie  to  come,  this  sentiment  wiU 

(^nations.  not  penan.    But  O'ConneU  has  done 

The  ptriitical  pbTaiognomT  of  O'Con-  yet  more,  be  has  carried  to  England 

neU  ia  rarely  calody  appreciated.     To  that  which  we  unheaitadngly  call  tbe              i 

tite  tories  be  is  a  sbamda*  tmyuntebatA,  eonii^ion   of   Irtland.     The  English 

^a  impudent be^ar,A  tttarling  di^  that  ariatocracy    wiU  be   punished    where             i 

de$enei  the  rope,  &o.  Sic. ;  to  the  whigi  thev  have  sinned.     They  have  tiad  two 

Iw  is   a    venal   and  dangeroos    man  weights  and  two  measures ;  they  have              | 

whom  it  ia  neceasarf  to  endearw  to  governed  Gn^and  in  a  good  spirit  a)- 

pitrchase ;  to  the  radicals  a  friend  not  UHmgh  it  was  selfish,  but  thev  have 

very  sincere,  of  whom  they  should  be  reduced  aU  Ireland  to  the  aaine  lent-of            > 

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1844.]                   JUm(%  Pbmtdat  and  CamoMrttM  ArHtk.  911 

mueiy,  and  by  tint  means  have  erected  piaft'tmimd  Retiar^ion ;"  if  it  ie  naXlj 

9i  their  aide  tAe  most  redoubtable  of  nil  true  that  the    Crimea  of   castes,   like 

democneies,  thkt  of  ragt,  and  demo-  tboee  of  nUiraia  and    individuals,  are 

cntey  is  an  epkleniic  by  natme  and  &ee ;  but  that  the  puniahment  of  these 

ra^i  are  not  wanted  even  in  Englaod.  crimes  be  it  erer  bo  slow,  ie  &tU ;  if  it 

If  It  is  really  true,  that  genemtiona  are  ia  reaJIv  true  that  for  seven  hundred 

accountable  in  Hood  for  one  another ;  years  the  English  aristocracy  have  sent 

if  it  is  reatly  trne  as  a  noble  aiul  bar-  tyranny  to  Ireland,  will  they  then  have 

monioUB  thinker  has  said,  that  homati'  a  right  to   complain  when  Ireland   in 

i^  always  marches  on  a  road  placarded  excbnge  shall  nave  sent  them  a  Revo- 

with  theee  three  worda, "  Foifmture,  Ez-  lution  i 


MONTHLY  FINANCIAL  AND  COMMERCIAL  ABTICLE. 

Trb  markets  eontinue  to  preaent  the  ing  injurynpon  another  and  so  anloeo- 
anomalnoa  appearances  eonseqaent  a poD  nist  set.  iSib,  in  fact,  is  the  declared 
the  artificial  influence  of  gOTerntnent  object  of  the  tariff  now  io  operation. 
euactmenls  on  the  course  of  trade.  It  is  ezpresaly  declared  that  ils  tnten- 
For  the  first  time  in  the  hiatory  of  oom-  tion  is  to  "protect  and  encouriige  " 
merce  money  seems  to  have  lost  its  mannfaelurera  as  a  body.  The  mean- 
power.  It  continuea  very  abundant,  ing  of  "encouragement"  ia,  undoubc* 
and  ia  eagerly  loaned  at  cheap  ratea ;  edly,  to  give  them,  by  the  operaiion  of 
notwithstanding  which,  the  great  staple  law,  beoefita  and  profits  which  they 
products  of  the  country  rot  only  are  could  not  derive  through  the  exercise 
heavy  at  prices  lower  than  erer  before,  of  their  own  skill  and  industry,  ll  fol- 
but  evince  a  conataaC  tendency  to  fall  lows  that  the  benefits  and  profits  so 
still  lower.  Cheap  as  money  is,  tt  conferred  npon  them  are  derived  at  the 
cannot  be  ohtained  for  the  labor  of  the  expense  of  iboea  who  have  onlv  their 
farmer  or  the  agriculturalist.  On  the  own  iaduslry  and  skill  to  depend  upon, 
other  hand,  all  other  descriptions  of  in-  and  a  part  of  the  jn-oceeds  of  their 
dustry  are  receiving  a  remuneration  energy  and  enlerpnse  ia  thus  taken 
far  beyond  what  they  have  been  accns-  from  them  to  enconnge  a  more  for- 
tomcd  to  in  the  last  four  years.  Stocks  Innate  branch  of  industry.  When  the 
and  domestic  and  unported  goods  com-  tariff  first  went  into  operatiun,  and  for 
mand  very  high  prices,  and  evince  a  the  ail  sneoeeding  montha,  thia  effect 
disposition  atill  further  lo  riae.  The  was  not  very  apparent  in  the  range  of 
uniform  operation  of  a  full  currency  ia  pricea.  The  only  visible  eOecl  or  the 
to  cause  a  general  advance  in  the  tariff  was  the  great  fallinR-off  in  trade, 
money  prices  of  exchangeable  values ;  and  the  decline  in  the  government  re- 
in fact,  that  advance  in  values  is  only  venues.  Money  continued  to  accumu- 
another  indicatien  that  the  currency  la  late  in  great  abundance,  causing,  gradu' 
full.  When,  however,  we  find  the  ally,  an  advance  in  the  taxed  ariiclea; 
nniforroity  of  that  actinn  broken  in  and,  the  exports  remaining  at  a  low 
upon,  and  that  a  great  number  of  arti-  figure,  allowed  slocks  of  produce  to 
cles,  conatitDtlng  a  class,  are  lower  tccomuhue  on  the  Atlantic  border, 
and  falling  in  value,  while  another  large  thereby  aiuking  prieea.  In  our  numbet 
collection,  forming  aaotber  olasa,  are  for  July,  1843,  wenvea  table  of  prlceB 
high  and  rising,  we  have  before  as  the  of  produce  in  the  New  York  market ; 
proof  that  the  natural  action  of  trade  we  will  now  add  to  that  table  the  pre- 
and  commerce  is  interfered  with,  and  sent  prices  of  the  same  articles,  and 
its  operations  deranged,  through  the  the  comparison  will  evince  in  bow 
agency  of  an  arbitrary  and  artificial  great  a  degree  Uie  agricultural  intereeta 
cause,  which,  seeking  to  benefit  one  set  have  suffered. 
ofi)wn,n0CMsarityuiflictsaeorrespand-  .. .  iiir  .1 .' 


Google 


MotdUi/  Finaaeial  and  CooMtraal  Arlielr,  [J^"C- 

raiCBB  or  AWUcoLTORAL  ^odvcb  la  tbi  mw  tork  mauct. 


Jl»,IS18. 

Ow..  1841. 

Jnif.ieia. 

Jiue,180. 

Jmris,  UM. 

a.  — 

£»»u.        perb. 

WUu, 

«a«B,8hlpplB|. 

^iKCSoft. 
OtfloB,  Upland,  ralr. 

%       ■""■ 

BbMC, 

,»« 

Prime  DaliT, 
OtdtaitlT. 

Cluii,  Aider.,  rnev] 
.H.«7™ok«l, 
Kmb-.            pet  bbl. 

/B^i»  JVcaA 
ir*«l.         perboah. 

,1=1,  i 

-  •!-"« 

14  -  a  14  as 

-  10  a  -  lOi 
■  -  15 

z'tlz"f 

45aa    401 

Eslit 

-53a-95 

—  50a  — 5S 
-a8a-30 

iiaia  sas 

IS  15  a  ja  5* 

iieit  t  Ml 

ElEz" 

730a    815 

-  •'■-■• 

oasa 

I'ilis 

SSOa-: 

laeT-so 

11  50  a  la  - 
450*    475 

ISs!     137 

aSOa   Sfll 

-  *-- 

7-a   750 
150a    350 

-  10  a  -  11 

-  flia-    71 

3  7j!    5S 

Is!  12 

115a    1  as 
-07a-fl3 

bgrs 

59Ba-- 

~  38  a  —  40 
-90a-30 

5-'-- 

-7al-87 

-  7ll-    7i 

ElEE 

IS-.'.z 

B  ss  a  10  50 
7S0a    70! 

-  5ia-    0 

EliEl 

475.    4  81 

46S  a    4«I 

375a    3  — 
-»B  — BS 
-S8a  — 60 

-53a-S5 

ii.-.'-t 

a  — 48 

--a  — SH 

9  50  a    »7I 

5  37ia 

144^    ISO 

3X1.   340 

4»;  — 

Se^ 
eHeI 

!?;■!« 

asoa  SM 
-85a  — BO 
--,-61 

-Wa-SO 

Wbale. 

-oaa-ss 

-  30  a  —  31 

-BSa 

-si-s 

-B3a-88 
-WU-OS 

'BOB  — 83 

-  74  .  -  75 

;!::*S,*.'«: 

J.,...K,.,,.<. 

£.....  ro-s 

Sarar,  N.  O.,  per  lb. 

Ei:Ei 

—  Bga  — so 

-IBa-BO 

z',i"i' 

-3S«  — 38 

-  3aa  — 33 

-  aSa- 37 

-  Sa-    B 

-  10  a -11 

sasB   337 

-aoa  — as 

-  4ia-    7 

—  SRa- 37 

-as. -33 

—  Ka- 3S 
-IHb-13 

-  3«-    Oi 

-  3b-    3 

-STa  —  St 
-ala- 90 

-  18  a  -  S» 

"  18  a  -  30 

-  Ha  -  ^B 

-  tia-    SJ 

Ei:Ei 

-nl-as 

3  yi  a  3  37* 

-   *l"a  -  7 

An  index  to  the  laig^  qnuitiliea  of  Th«  tolls  of  ibe  Obin,  New  York  Mtd 

pradiMe  which  come  this  jmi  to  inaT-  PeDnsrlrMift  candB,  tbio  year  and  last, 

Irat  ia  found  in  the  toUs  oolleBied  on  fromtheopeninff of nsfigationto Jul; J, 

the  large  cbaanel*  of  iatoTtial  trade,  hare  been  as  followa  : — 


Hew  TotIi  caoali, 
PennsTlTsoia  " 
Ohio  « 


158,309 
131^47 
90,618 


«1^2t,I01       11,704,178 


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tSM.]  MmMy  FiMMia  mi  Cmmenid  AriieU.  SI3 

The  ntM  of  tolls  thia  jvxe  hsre  Ohio,  Keoliicky,  TeonMsee,  ind  iha 

faoerallf  been  ledneed,  beoes  tbe  rs-  diTidenda    of    corponle     oompuiifa  ; 

venue  deMTibm  «  Urgec  proportion  io  also  the  payment  on  ihe  p&rt  of  Nen 

qnkotitj,  uid  it  is  obwiTkble  iliu  the  York  of  ilie  loftn  due  in  Julj,  1846. 

lugest   proportion   is   deriTable    fiom  The  monej  for  this  puxpOM  tna  been 

pTMBce  comiog  to  the  market,  ruher  for  oome  tioM  on  hand,  and  the  comp* 

th»D  on  merchandise  going  into  the  in-  ttollei,  in  conseqnaoce,  Kdrertiied   to 

tericir.  redeem  the  KoeL  b;  paying  2  per  cent. 

The  rata  for  money  continues  low,  preminm  on  the  6  per  cent*,  and  3  per 

and  may  be  qnoted  at  4  a  4}  per  cent.  cent,  on  the  6'b,  until  after   1st  Jalj, 

for  re^lar  diseoants,  or  on  mocIm  "  at  1S44,  when  the  premium  would  be  di- 

can,"     The  state  of  bnsineaa  in  the  mlniehed  in  proportion  to  the  time  to 

eitf  i*  generally  p>ad,  and  the  amoont  elapee  between  the  offer  for  ledemp- 

of   mercuitile    paper    created    by  do  tion   and   the   matority   of  the   stock, 

means   so   lai^   as  formerly  for  the  This  offer,  by  moat  holders,  wa*  ac- 

ssme  amount  of  busineea  done.  There-  cepted.      Ktora    these    aouroes    the 

fore   the  demand   for  discoanta  from  amount  of  money  on  the  market  has 

that  sonrce  is  small.     The  rate  of  for-  been  sensibly  increased,  caasin^  a  (ail 

eign  bills  has  declined  to  some  extent,  detpand  fur  the  sonnd  stocks  at  firm 

cosseqaBnt  upon  the  increased  sapplj  pricas.    In  the  "fancy"  ornon-diyi- 

and  the  limited  demand  for  remitt>aoe«  dead-Daying  etoclcs,  the  specnlalion  has 

by  the  packet.     Ths  stocks  of  ootlon  subsided,  accamp«inted  by  a  considers- 

hare   also   greatly   diminished   within  ble  fall  in  thpjr  Talaes.     The  nonej 

three  or  four  weeks,  and  a  large  sum  coming  upon  the  market,  mostly  from 

of  money  has  been  reallied  from  that  stock  inTeitmenis,  in  the  six  months  . 

source,  as  well  as  from  Ihe  payment  of  aoceeeding  Jnlj,  1844,  may  be  summed 

the    July  dividends    by   the    Federal  up  as  follows  : 
Oorernment,  the  States  of  New  York, 

New  York  Bute  debt  of  184S    $1,600,000 

"  ••     Slate  interest,  Bcmi-annnnl 600,000  | 

Federal  Government       «  "  650,000  | 

ScTeral  WeMem  States    "  "  900/)00 

Banks  and  Compaoiea,  Ntw  York  a»d  neighborhood 600,000 

Total »4,2BO,000 

Shipment  360,000  bales  eoUon 14,000,000 

Debt  of  Federal  Government,  doe  Jan.  Ib44 6,!i62,000 

Total  snpply    $23,812,000 

The  Slock  of  cotton  on  hand  in  the  patBlively  inuU  amonnt  of  trade,  hare 

enmmsT  months  of  this  year,  has  been  drawn  from  the  merohants  large  euma, 

much  in  excess  of  last  year,  and  baa  whioh  lie  idle  in  the  banks  or  are  em- 

required  an  unusual  sum  of  money  to  ployed    by  them    io    fostering    slock 

hold  it.     That  cotton  is  now  going  for-  speculations  to  their  own  profit.     The 

ward   with    great    rapidity.     Another  amount  of  money  thus  lying  idle  on 

means   of   absorbing    large    sums    of  the  4th  June,  was,   according  to  the 

money  frnm  commerce,  has  bean  the  Treasurer'a  report,  as  follows  : 
enormous  duties,  which,  upon  a  com- 

ONrTED  BT.tTES  TDBLIC  [1SF03ITES,  JDItE   24,    IS44. 

Od  depoilL  drsfti  oataiiiuIlii{.  bednnnfar. 

Hetehants' Bank,  Boston,              ],6ie,58&  II  64,600  61  1,451,984  M 

Bank  of  Commerce,  New  York,     1,870,472  23  448,194  24  1,423,278  09 

Bank  of  America,            ■■             1,327,619  06  70,372  66  1,248,146  39 

Amar.  Bichange  Bank,  «                119,280  52  119,280  52 

Merchaatt'  Bank,            <■             lJim,SOO  02  43^46  M  1,023,643  48 

FhiladelpbiA  Bulk,                        688,843  09  122,164  S3  566,678  86 


Total  tbcee  ciliei,  0,589,590  02  767,678  18  5,831,71184 

Elsewhere,  2,167,853  9S  310,374  S9  1,882,618  40 

Total  dcposites,  $8,747,443  97        I,0«6,052  47  7,714,330  24 


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Vmmi»  «f   llMae  wpiWliMii  wha  anb-    beW  n&dcM  to  Boat  tke  Tiewi 
«enb«t  U,  ud  it  «riU  prabaMy  Ead  rs-    Ik  Udbw.     Od  the  14lk  Jdm.  a  n 


emploriMM,  fiiMPtiwly,  ia  mmt  of  iMka  wm  nbaiiud  ta  iIm  cffftct,  that 

the  beat  Stale  nr— i*^  UHteid  of;  aa  after  the   lOih  Notnibar,  1B44,  ifaa 

K»w,    ICMparaiily    at    call    on    baer  dolj  oa  aagai  of  firitkh  pt—easi— ■ 

•loeluL,     It  11  M  *mIM  Moatly  la  be  aho^  bs  90a.  or  94  U  per  cwL,  and 

aaerib«dl«  ike  iMialyBa^  iafloeBeaa  of  30*.  m9'  iS  pet  ewL  «a  fiiteigB  &«e 

liieaa    brniJEaaoaw    la«a  apo*   coia-  hboi  Mgar.     Oa  llM  dmuM  tm  tUs 

■•no  that   BO  gnam  aterpriae   ia  prapaoilion  4GS  tous  wmc  eaat ;  Ml 

mamfen  ia  ibe  A^iaeM  of  prodaca  at  lor  it  aad  381  agaiMt  it,  beiag  a  IH- 

Ibeir  preaent  lofr  prieea.     Of  the  ca^  jwitj  at  Ht  agaiaet  tbe   BOTeraineat, 

Ul    mnptored    ia    eoamarce,  3S   per  whiefa  bad  piopwatd  a  daly  of  34s.  or 

eeat.  ia  cooataotif  adraaecd  lo  Got-  98  SO  per  ewt.  oa  Ttec  labor  aogar, 

tmnteal  Tor  Ibe  euatuuw  dniies.  Where  inatead  of  the    eld   dot^   of   OSs.    oi 

9SOjOOOfiOO    of    impotla    are    made,  SIS  32   per   cwt.      Ilu    teaoh    was 

tI8,000,000  of  actual  cost  are  iminoli-  most    QDexpected,   and    tiie    KiaiBter 

ately  drawn  (max  the  capital  emplojed  very  distinellj  tbreateaod  to  reaigo  if 

and  todied  Bp  by  the  GoTeTameat  ia  ita  the  vote  was  pmsiated  m.     On  the  fol> 

d«p«nlfl   baoka,   nntil    giadoaH;    paid  lowing  Hondaj,  the  Premier  proposed 

OM  io  all  aeetiona  of  the  coaottT  for  an  amCDdroeoi  to  the  reeohtion  itf  Hr. 

OoremieiM  espeoaea  and  tlra  pajaeat  Uilea,  rja  :  that  the  dot j  be  raised  to 

of  b»  debts.     The  oallay  of  the  mei^  Ma.  or  «&  3S  per  ewt.  uMaad  «f  SOa. 

chanta  is  only  stowly  retiuMd  to  tkam  od  Britiah  aaEar,  beiof  a  eonoessioii  on 

from  the  ■  Je  of  their  goods  at  ad-  the  part  of  the  govemiiwDt.    The  vote 

▼■need  price*.    The  operation  b  this  being  tj" 

eonntry  where  aetaal  capital  is  inade-  peared 

quale  to  the  wattle  of  btisiiieaa,  is  to  and  the  oirisiaa  stood  Ubi  lor  the  tmn- 

testraiB  opeiUiMis  ia  prodaee  w^hia  iaUr  aad  333  agaiost  hiai.    Thus  tbera 

the  aeioal  ord«rs  fnim  abroad,  or  to  were  M  tnore  members  present  than 

the  demand  fin  lemitlaaee  in  retara  oa  the  prenoos  Tote,  and  eight  meni' 

for  the  goodt  iuponed.    On  the  other  bera  oolf  changed  their  vote,  after  so 

kstid,  if  the   lerel  «f  dmies  was  low  large  a  coneesBion  on  the  part  of  the 

■nd  commerce  enjoyed   pririle^es  of  govcrnoieat    Tbe  most  extraordinary 

warehoasiog,  not  only  would  the  cipi-  eiertions  -were   lued    to   snstaia    the 

tal  employed  ia  comoieroe  be  onim-  miniBtry,  and  the  resalt  showed  ibat 

paired   by   ihe  exaotiotu  of  Gorero'  special  priTile^  and  close  mooopoliea 

raenl.  bot  tbe  latter  wouM  receive  cash  haTe  hiul  Iheir  day,  or,  aa  e^qireased 

doiiea  for  the  good*  admitted  to  con-  by    Mr.  Goulbura,  tbe  obaaceUor  of 

Mmptioa  withoot  the  merchant  coming  tna  exchequer,  in  his  remarks  on  ttM 

Boder  aoy  adranoe  tot  that  pnrpwe.  resolution  of  Mr.  Miles : 

Tbe  emetpriaing  merehaot  would  then  -    "  The  reeling  of  Great  Britain  ia  too 

hare  the  meaos  for  Dorchasing  United  strong  to  be  resisted,  and  tbe  tine  had  ar- 

Rtatss  prodaee  for  ■hipments  abroad  to  rired   when  priTale  intoKits  mmuI  gist 

■a  extent  much  greater  than  is  now- the  «'<tt^l^tgt»tralbemjUo/lhtconuniuul}f." 

caM.aetateofanairs  which  must  neces--  This  ia  a  moat  extraordinary  admia- 

aarilyhareagreatinflDeneeapon prices,  sion  tor  an  Ennlieh  minister,  aod  evin- 

In  our  last   nnmber   ne   remarked  cei  the  fact  that  Britain  will  now  set 

BiMO  tiM  Dew  Bank  U11  of  the  Britiah  on  tbe  one  prittcipJeB  of  coauMieial 


aben  on  this  pn^NieitK 
that  4B8  meoibera  wve 


s¥ 


UU.]  S6nakfy  JFfc— riflf  and  CmmurvM  Arlide.  tl9 

fremloiD]  iiWI  inaore  the  bardeM  upon  *oga  to  Gnglftod,  via  thi>  coaDtry,  u 

bet  own   eititens,   Tegvdleas   <rf'  ihe  tho  pruduet  of  tbe  Uohed  State*.     In 

oppression   which   other  gorennWDt*  lbs   United   SlUn,  a  dot;  of  S3  B9| 

impoM  npon  tbeira.     Il  ia  bumiliaiing  per  cwt.   hu  been  laid  upon  forei^ 

to  know,  tbmt,  irhile  iDaD&nshie*I  Eng-  u^r  Tor  Ihe  protaetion  of  the  Luma- 

Und    is   thaa  npidly  ftdvanoinK    ths  iaua  planter.    Theprodnction  of  angu 

nnae  of  popriar  freedom,  republican  in  that  State  ia  near  196,000,000  lb*., 

Amerioft   ia  taStciiag  ondet    batdand  and  ahoiH  aa  equkl  qoantii;  ia  imported 

Biore  griefoua  than  tboae  of  any  gor-  from  other   aouoiriea,  moMly    Cuba, 

eroment  of  Europe.  The  sew  law  of  Kn^aitd  would  open 

The  baais  of  the  new  aa^ar  bill  ia  to  the  Southern  ]danier  a  market  for 

of  a  aingular  cfaaracter,  inaamoeh  aa  it  hia  whole  produce  at  high  prices,  were 

striTea  la  make  a  diaiinotioD  between  it  not  for  the  bar,  tnterpuaed   by  thi* 

aogar  the  growth  of  slave  labor  and  of  supposed   protection,  to  the  inirodnc- 

froe    labor.      The    elisling   trealiei,  tbn  of  foreign  sugar  for  coDsumptioa 

howcTer,  bwiween   England    and   the  here.      The   English  dat;   on    Braiil 

United  States  forbid  aor  dbtiaciion  of  sod  Cuba  sugar  is  OSa.  or  Cl5  37  per 

thia   nature.    Sugar,  tne   growth    of  cwt.  :  on  Louiaiana  sugar  it  is  34a.  or 

Louisiana,  the  produce  of  ^ave  labor,  W  S4  per  cwt. — a   diaoriminalion   in 

haa  the  right  of  admission  en  terras  as  favor  of  this   country  of  97  03   per 

low  as  the  produce  of  the  moat  "  b-  ewt.      Tbe    United    Statea    duty    «f 

Tared  nation,"  and  with  the  Empire  of  $3  63  per  owt.  operate*  as  a  bw  to 

the    Branis   a   airailaT   treaty   exists,  the  siibstinition   of  foreign   sugu   for 

which,  however,  will  expire  before  tbe  that    of   home    nowth,   which   might 

new  bill  goes  into  operation.     To  meet  otherwise  go  lo  England,  to  sn  amount 

the  difficulty  in  regard  fo  the  United  equal   to  96,000,000  per  annDin,  while 

Stales,  tbe  new  bill  provides  that  sugar,  the  import  of  a  corresponding  amount 

the  growth  of  any  foreign  conntry  be-  would  be  paid  fur  in  domestic  manufae- 

tween  which  and  Great  Britain   there  turea.     An  arrangement  to  that  eSect 

esists  a  treaty  eoibiaciDg  the  favored  could  easily  be  eulered  into  with  Cuba 

nation  clause,  shall  be  admitted  at  the  and  the  Brazils  ;  whichcauntrieqcould 

duty  of  34e.  per  cwt.,  instead  of  the  the  more   readily  be   induced   to   dia- 

former   duty  of   G3s.,  only   upon   the  criminate  agai oat  English  goods,  inas- 

prodnetion  of  the  sworn  certi&oate  of  much  as  that  country  haa  cut  off  their 

tbe  shipper  of  the  sugar,  that  it  is  the  produce    from    going    into    England. 

bond  fid*  prodnetion  of  this  eoootry,  The  import  of  cotton  goods  into  Cuba 

This  is  intended  fin  a  guard  against  and  the  Biazila.for  1819,  was  aa  fel- 

ttie  export  of  Caba  and  West  India  lows : 

V.  BUIn.  Pnnce.  Enflaiiii  Other  pluo.  Totil. 

Cuba,  »S0,905  349,046  631,944  bilJiQS  lfia!i,i\li 

Brazils,       &58,300  94I,1M  9,614,668  614,435  ]I,728,»9 


Total,  839,203  l,IB6,2oa  10,246,612  1,161,964  113,233,974 
Tbe  export  of  oolton  goods  from  the  a  most  hvorable  opportnnitr  for  the 
tToited  States  to  the  Brasils  baa  nearly  strengthening  of  the  commercial  inter* 
doubled  in  the  last  ten  years.  This  is  course  between  that  country  and  this, 
the  effect  of  the  descending  scale  of  widening  the  market  for  domestie 
the  compromise  act  in  this  conntry  up  manufactures  as  well  aa  for  floor  and 
to  t84S,  affording  to  mBDufactiuers  the  other  agricultural  prodnce,  but  nnfor- 
Mnind  eacouragement  of  improved  tunatelj  for  all  partiea,  by  the  imposi- 
trade,  and  the  atrenglbening  of  Ihe  lion  of  sn  exocbiiatit  duty  oa  augar, 
cbauDel  of  inlercouree  between  the  the  United  Stales  had  pUced  thein- 
two  countries  throngh  the  fiee.admis-  selves  in  a  hoatile  position  to  the  Bra- 
sion  of  coffee  into  this  country.  This  lits,  and  the  new  tariff  there  haa  raised 
latter  oircumslance  has  powerfully  tbe  duties  as  well  upon  American 
contributed  to  the  supplanting  of  Brit-  goods  as  upon  those  of  all  other  conn- 
ish  goods  in  the  Brazilian  Empire  with  tries.  Thus  this  ceaseless  and  seuse- 
tboae  of  American  prodnetion.  Tbe  less  war  of  material  intereata  is  kept 
new  moreraent  of  the  English  gorern-  np  between  nations  whose  welfare  de- 
ment simultaneously  with  the  re-sd-  pends  npun  tbe  harmony  of  theii  ma* 
juauteu  of  tha  BruiJiao  tariff,  «fforda  twil  iutoreoutM. 


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UnaUg  Uttrwf  BMttM. 


MONTHLY  UTEBART  BULLETIN. 


Ot;^  gleaflhisi  tn  the  fields  oT  lilcnrr 
CBlerpriie  tbe  preteBl  monlh  will  ba 
fooDd  ruber  iDCOBiidnable  t  ineh  «i 
the?  are,  bowerer,  we  prMmt  Uem  to 
our  reailen.  Mr,  Baoeroft'i  fourth 
volone  of  lus  "  Hiilorj  of  liie  UoUcd 
Stale*,"  eompritio;  the  AnericaD  Re- 

.   volaLioB,  based  apna  origiul)  and  vai»- 


'i.U  ■» 


r  before 


eluding  some  hilhlf  jnlerenioK  Stale 
documenlf,  tic.,  is,  we  learn,  pcepBting 
for  ipeeJy  poblicstioB :  b]»,  "  The 
Chronicles  of  ihe  Coloay  of  Ma<sa- 
ehusFiu  Bar,"  ^  Alei.  Younir,  in  one 
Tf^ame  Sto.,  nnllbrai  witb  the  authoi'i 
Hiiloi?  of  ihe  Colony  of  Plymoulh. 

An  inlemtiag  Totune  bta  jod  appeared 
from  the  pren  of  Wiley  and  Pataam, 
by  Professor  Fowaet  of  London,  enti- 
tiei  "  Cbnnlstry  aa  eiempliryinx  the 
wisdom  and  beneSccDee  of  God." 
Tfaii  admirable  esaay  received  the  priza 
of  one  hundred  guineas  fhtm  the  AeU>- 
nian  bequest  by  ibe  hands  of  Ibe  Royal 
Inslilutlon  of  Great  BriLain. 

H.  G.  Lsagley  is  about  to  publish  in  one 
elegant  valunM,  the  eiqnisite  Poems  of 
Mrs.  Banetl — limatuneously  with  the 
London  edition.  A  certain  critic  de- 
scribes Ihe  poetical  writings  of  this 
Bothor  as  being  of  empyrean  order — 
eminently  ethereal  and  beaaliful. 

A  new  tale,  iltaMrative  of  Wesietn  }ift, 
js  on  the  ere  of  appearing,  e&titled 
"  Ellen  Woodville  i"  it  danbUcM  will 
find  its  way  to  Dumerons  renders  whose 
knottledge  of  domestic  life  in  the  far- 
west  isBlmost  as  limitrd  in  the  Atlantic 
ciiies  of  our  own  land,  as  it  is  in  En- 
rope  itself.  It  is  written  in  a  I>llcJtoas 
style,  and  few  works  will  prove  more 
generally  acceptable  at  the  summer 
wateHn;  places,  wbere  our  reading  se- 
lections are  speciall]'  made  with  refer- 
ence to  amuienient. 

Hr.  Simmii's  long  promised  lift  of  Gene- 
mi  Marion  is  now  printed ;  tbe  illus- 
trations, which  will  render  the  volume 
Tery  ornate  nnd  nttractive,  are  nearly 
Aniahed,  so  that  the  work  will  cerlaialy 
be  published  daring  lbs  present  month. 
Few  chaneters  have  stood  out  more 
boUly  oD  one  RevolntionarT  Annalt, 


who  hare  supplied  mi 
cieitiag  material*  for  the  historiu. 
than  that  of  Geaeral  Marion :  ai^  ii 
i*  not  saying  loo  much  to  dain  ibr  (t< 
work  bHore  as,  ao  las  tbe  meiii' 
accredited  historical  Imtfa,  than  it 
moat  stirring  and  abBcnbtBg  alUibaUt 
of  faigh-wronghl  &ctioB. 

The  first  edition— a  i««e-  ooe,  too— ku 
been  alrenly  sold  of  "  Corinne ."— » 
rrbijf  of  the  still  existing  favaiiii«> 
with  which  the  reading  |inblie  r^iri 
this  exqnisite  romance  of  Hadame  it 
Stael. 

H,  W.  Dodd  has  jnxt  ismcd  ■  very  beai- 
tifnlly  executed  edition  in  8to.  of  it< 
collected  works  of  Charlotte  Elisabeth  i 
the  bat  volume  com  prisca  halfadosn 
of  her  papular  books,  and  is  prrttdti 
by  a  critical  introduction  by  Mrs.  H. 
B.  Stowe,  and  aetampaDied  )9  an  ea- 
graved  likeness  of  the  anthor.  T>< 
marked  iadications  of  favor  with  whick 
the  volomioous  productions  of  ttiii 
nseful  writei  have  been  received,  foim 
a  Bare  gnarautee  for  the  permancsi 
success  and  value  of  tbia  new  and  a>^ 
lectcd  edition  by  Mr.  Qodd, 

Wiley  k  Pnlnun  have  the  foltowinc 
works  in  prest :  "  Lectnres  on  Agn- 
eallural  Chemistry  and  GcQlf^."  Bj 
James  F.  W,  Johnston,  M.A.,  F.R-S, 
tU.  Part  IV.,  completing  the  wort:, 
wUlbepobUsbedinafewday*.  "On- 
cles  fVoni  the  Poets."  By  Mi*-  Caro- 
liae  Gilman.  A  fandful  divertioa  fsi 
Ibe  Drawing-room.  I  vol.  I2nM. 
"  Prayers  for  Children. »  1  vol.  fiitb 
engravings,  prinlcd  In  a  laige  d^' 
type.  Will  be  ready  shortly.  B^^- 
Mr.  Cheever's  "  Leetores  on  ibe  Pil- 
grim's Prof  resB,  and  on  the  Life  *"' 
Times  of  John  Snnyan."  Nos.  XI-  W 
XIV.,  which  will  complete  the  wrk. 
"  Water-Cure  for  Ladies  i"  a  popolnr 
work  on  the  health,  diet,  and  trgif"" 
of  Females  and  Children,  and  the  f" 
ventioQ  and  care  of  diseases;  with  a 
full  Bccountnf  Ihe  processes  of  Water- 
Cnrej  illnstrated  with  various  Cast*- 
By  Mn.  M.  I..  Shew,  revised  by  Jo^ 
Shew,  M.D.,  Practitioner  of  W»I«- 
Cure.    1  vat.'I2Bw, 


dbvGooi^Ic 


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PEK'Sice's  £'ffia.sjiSBDS 


M  ftV  tl,/ f/'"^'""''  /!>«"-  irJIif^^-' 


u.omzori.vCTOOgIc 


THE 

PNITED  STATES  MAGAZINE, 

AND 

DEMOCRATIC  REVIEW. 


SEPTEMBER,  1844. 


diattibution  of  power,  between  the  dif-  States  a 

feient  bnnche*  of  erery  regulsrlj  or-  many  at  the  time  beliexed  to  be  expe- 

ganised  goTernment,  bare  always  been  dient;    and   thus    tbe   verj   bulwarks 

amoneat  the  most  eiiiitins,  important,  whicb  are  iDdiapesaable  for  the  presei- 

aod  dangetous.    The  tubility,  efiici-  Tation  of  popular  ■apremacy  io  out  sva- 

encT,  and  benefiaenco  of  eveiy  well-  tem  of  govenimeat,haTebeeD  tooouen 

ordered  Koveroment,  depend  upon  the  mistaken  for  iriistaclefl  to  the  popolai 

proper  distribution  of  its  powers ;  and  will.    The  importance  of  dcrfending  the 

the  wise  regulation  of  this  question  is  inheritance  from  waste  ban  beea  orer* 

the  highest  task  of  the  statesman.     In  looked  when  the  limitationa  in  the  deed 

each  country  there  are  peculiar  circom-  necesBary  for  that  purpose  hare  stood 

stances  which  modify  the  qnestion  io  in  the  way  of  satne  temporary  desir?, 

that  particular  case,  and  its  difficulty  which  conid  only  be  gratified  by  n^k- 

increaaes  with  the  extent  of  country  ing    important   saoriliees    of    popular 

and  the  diversity  in  interest  of  the  peo*  rights  and    power.      It  is,  howsTer, 

pie  for  whom  a  goTenment  is  to  be  cheering  to  pereeiTe,  that  the  impoit- 

conatiiuted.    In  our  complicated  eys-  auee  of  the  constitutioital  diTisioo  of 

tern,  which  nmbraces  so   man^  great  power    in    our    own    aystem,    to  the 

and  various  interesis,  thia  question  pre-  whole  confaderacy,  ia  beginning  Io  be 

senta  increaaed  difficulties,  and  aaaumea  more  genetallj  appreciated.    The  day, 

magnitude  and  importance  to  a  degree  perhaps,  has  passed,  when   any  man, 

perhaps  unknown  to  any  people  who  pretending  to  thectiaiaoter  of  an  Ame- 

b&Te  preceded  us.    Whether  we  look  rican  statesman,  can  hope  by  a  sneer 

at  the  actual  Tequiiemeota  of  the  in-  to  excuse  or  cover  bis  ignorance  of  the 

Btrument  under  which   we  are  aasoei-  first  and  moat  important  stagea  in  the 

ated,  or  to  the  wants  of  onr  peopls,  in  inquiry,  which  are  necessary  to  acom- 

whatevsr  bearing  we  may  view  it,  this  plete  understanding  of  onr  system.    He 

subject  preseuta  itself  as  the  most  im-  would  be  considered  as  a  little  more 

portant  which  can  engage  the  attention  than  arrogant,  who  ahould  now  seek  to 

of  the  American  statesman;  and  yet  direct  the  machinery, when  he  p 

it  has  never  commanded  that  degree  of  ed   i    ''       '  ''    ' 

general  consideration  which  its  import-  wbic 

ance  merited.     It  haa  been  too  much  amoi  .  .         .     ._ 

the  habit  to  consider  the  qnealion  aa  daily  becomingmoreprevalentamongat 

entirely  theoretic,  and  to  overlook  its  the  friends  of  popolar  supremacy  in 

general  importance  to  the  whole  cod-  our  government,  that   the  democratic 

ledeiacy,  under  the  idea  that  the  inter-  atrongholds  lie  behind  those  very  bnl- 


est  in  it  was  confined  to  a  small  and    warks  which  onr  Others  reared  tojiro- 

ST-'  .  .  .  .    - 

diviaioD  of  power  between  the  General    from  the  many  to  the  few,  seema,  from 


peculiar  political  school.    Unfortunate-    tect   the  rights  of  the  States.     That 
It,  the  practical  issues  in  relation  to  the    party  which  seeks  to  transfer  power 


and  Stata  Govennneota,  have  for  the    the  first,  to  bare  perceived  that  U 

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3S0        Tna  Theory  and  Philotophy  of  our  Ss/stem  of  Goetrttmenl.      [Sept. 

fsDcea  of  the  right*  of  the  Slatea  iiDd  to   tiDlimilef  power.     Foi  tbe  teat,  it 

tbe  peopla  wete,  lo  a  ^eai  extent,  the  would  be  woaaerful,  if  the  even  iiece»- 

B&me  ;  and  Ihej  have  eier  scted  as  if  mij  ainbiguiliea  uf  every  written  in- 

tbey  believed  that  thej  could  nut  de<  itrument  would   not  enable    them   to 

Btroj  the  deiQocratic  principle  which  make  toine  show  of  claiming  under  the 

EBr*sdea  our  inslitatioos,  until  they  eonalilulion  powers  which  were  leally 
id  robbed  tbe  States  of  their  sove-  uBurped,  when  there  existed  no  pat- 
Teignty,  and  of  the  powers  reposed  in  ties  on  the  other  side  who  were  com- 
them  under  Our  Bystem  of  Dovemment.  petent  to  tefer  the  dispute  fur  adjust- 
Why  it  is  that  those  who  desire  to  de-  meet  lo  an;  tribunal,  oilier  than  lt»e 
itro^  the  democratic  tendency  of  out  very  government  which  was  accused  of 
Inatttuiions,  should  seek  their  object  usarpatioo.  These  firat  steps  in  their 
through  the  consolidation  *>f  alt  power  progress  are  to  them  the  objects  of  tbe 
in  one  General  Government,  we  shall  most  real  and  practical  iropoitanc«, 
hereafter  endeavor  to  explain  ;  but  for  and,  accordingly,  it  is  upon  (his  debate- 
tiib  evidences  of  the  fact,  we  refer  to  able  land,  that  most  of  the  battles  be- 
the  history  of  all  the  great  questioua  tween  the  St&tea  Rights  party  aad 
which  have  divided  the  Republican  aad  themselvea  liave  been  fought.  It  u 
Federal  partiea,  from  the  adoption  of  here,  then,  as  to  the  origin  and  source 
the  constitution  up  to  this  time.  Upon  of  the  powers  o(  the  State  sod  Federal 
kli  these  occasions,  we  have  seea  thai  GoTernments,  that  our  iDveaugstion 
the  Federal  pany,  in  order  to  attain  should  ciKnmeiice. 
their  ends,  found  it  necessary  to  in-  For  ourselves,  we  maintalQ  tb>t 
crease  the  powers  of  the  General  (xot-  there  has  existed  before  and  since  tb« 
ernment  at  the  expense  of  Iho  just  adoption  of  the  present  ctHistitatian,  a 
rights  of  the  States,  by  constructions  separate  sovereignty  in  the  people  of 
of  the  constitution  which  (as  we  be-  each  of  the  States ;  that  this  oonstito- 
lieve)  were  lalse,  atkd  calculated  to  por-  tiou  was  established  by  a  compMt  be- 
Tert  the  true  objects  of  that  instrument,  tween  these  distinct  sovereignties,  irbo 
Their  whole  theory  of  our  government  ratified  and  adopted  it  in  separat«  eon~ 
has  been  conformed,  not  to  the  oonstitu-  veniions,  nhioh  represented  their  seve- 
tion,but  the  secret  objects  of  their  pur-  ral  sovereignties  i  tbst  the  States  am 
suit.  They  maintain  that  there  is  one  the  only  parties  to  this  emnpaot,  who 
consolidated  American  people,  whose  agreed  each  with  the  others  to  exercise 
sovereignty  is  represented  by  the  Gen-  jointly  with  them  certain  specified 
eral  Government,  which,  as  thej  assert,  powers,  through  a  eommon  agency,  or 
is  oonstituted,  through  some  or  all  of  its  General  Government,  without  preja- 
departments,  the  supreme  and  final  dioa  lo  their  rights  to  use  their  other 
Judge  of  its  own  rights  aitd  powers,  powers  of  sovereignty  through  their 
To  secure  this  poiition,  ihej  deny  that  own  special  and  separate  agents;  that 
oor  constitution  is  a  compact,  or  that  Uiis  General  GoTernmenl  was  thna 
there  now  exist  separate  partiee  to  it.  made  by  the  adoption  of  each  distinct 
They  deny  that  there  is  any  separate  sovereignty  the  government  of  that 
sovereignty  in  the  people  of  the  difier-  State  to  the  extent  ot'  its  express  an- 
ent  States,  or  that  there  exists  any  ihority,  and  no  further,  to  which  it 
right  of  resistance,  or  coonterrailing  stands  in  the  relation  of  a  joint  agent, 
legislation,  in  the  States,  no  matter  and  not  as  a  party  ot  judge  andet  the 
how  palpable  might  be  the  Tioiatione  of  eompact ;  and  that  it  is  the  government 
the  constitution  ,-  bnt  each  individual  is  of  all,  because  it  is  the  govemmeitt  of 
remitted  for  relief  lo  the  General  Gov-  each,  and  not  the  government  of  each 
ernment  against  its  own  aggressims,  or  because  it  is  a  part  of  the  whole  ;  at 
else  to  his  original  right  of  rebellion  (if  other  words,  that  it  derives  its  powers 
light  it  can  be  called),  and  such  seps-  not  from  an  aggregate,  but  from  ssps- 
nte  meana  of  resistance  as  his  own  rate  and  distinct  eouteea.  The  anthor- 
Ingennity  mav  devise.  If  they  can  ity  of  the  General  Government  (as  we 
thus  mure  the  Federal  Government,  hold)  over  the  oitisens  of  the  States, 
through  some  or  all  of  its  departments,  rests  upon  two  foundations.  First,  (o 
the  supreme  judge  of  its  own  rights  the  extent  of  the  granted  powers,  it  has 
and  acts,  and  sweep  from  its  path  the  within  the  State  the  authority  of  the 
«n]f  patties  able  and  competent  to  re-  simple  social  cam{>act  which  binds  the 
mst  it,  they  accomplish  their  main  oh-  members  of  a  particular  society,  for  it 
jeet  in  seeoring  its  undisputed  approach  was  adopted  by  a  convention  rr ' 


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1844.]      Tmt  Theory  a^  FhilMophy  of  our  Sgitem  of  Government.  231 

log  Ihe  entire  Bovereigntj  or  the  Slate,  taioa  its  aovereignty,  freedom  and  inde- 
Next,  and  Uixhe  same  extent,  its  bu-  pendence,  and  ever;  power, Juiisdictiiui 
thorilj  haa  the  additional  aanction  of  aa  and  right,  which  is  not  bj  this  Gonfed' 
international  treatj  between  the  aepa-  eralian  expressly  delected  to  the  Ud- 
rate  States,  which  agreed  lo  exercise  a  ted  States  in  Congress  assembled" — 
portion  of  their  sovereign  powers  jolnl-  and,  indeed,  the  general  nature  of  these 
ty  and  through  its  agency.  Should  a  articles  would  aeem  to  place  the  ques- 
eiliien  of  any  State  resist,  in  his  indi-  tion  beyond  a  doubt.  Should  any  re- 
Tldual  capacity,  any  authorized  act  of  main  incredulous  ailer  such  proofs,  tho 
the  General  Government,  he  violates  mode  of  ratifying  the  present  Conatilui 
Dot  only  the  obligation  of  hia  social  tion  ought  to  be  conclusive,  for  it  was 
contract  to  the  people  of  his  own  Slate  adopted,  not  by  a  Convention  from  tho 
who  adopted  this  Kovernment,  but  he  whole  Ameiicao  people,  but  by  sepa- 
also  violates  the  obligations  of  a  treaty  rate  Conventions  from  the  people  of 
between  his  own  and  other  St3tes,which  each  poriiculai:  State  ;  nor  is  out  con- 
is  binding  upon  him.  Should  a  State,  elusion  from  this  fact  to  be  avoided,  by 
through  a  coDventjoa,  and  in  ita  Bove-  aupposing  that  the  sense  of  the  people 
Teign  capacity,  resist  an  authorized  act  was  thus  token  for  convenience,  as 
of  Ihe  General  Government,  it  violates  parts  of  one  whole.  If  that  had  been 
its  obligations  to  the  co-States,  with  the  case,  a  majority  of  the  States,  or  of 
whom  it  entered  into  a  compact  lo  sua-  the  people  counted  by  States.could  hare 
tain  such  acts,  and  a  case  is  raised  lo  eatabUahed  the  Conatitution  for  the 
be  deiermined  by  the  principles  of  na-  whole;  and  yet  we  know  thatnodis- 
tionat  and  natural  law.  But  to  the  aenling  State  was  bound  by  it,  and  that 
General  Government  it  is  not  responai-  the  Constitution  espressly  declared, 
ble  for  this  violation,  for  that  govern-  that  if  nine  Slates  ratified  the  Conali- 
menc  was  no  party  to  ihe  compact,  but,  tution,  it  should  be  binding  between 
on  the  contrary,  its  creature,  and  might  Ihoae  Statea,  from  which  the  inference 
be  rightfully  destroyed  by  the  State  its  is  clear,  that  those  dissenting  were  not 
creator,  if  it  were  not  for  the  obligation  considered  as  bound.  If  the  States 
to  the  co-Statea  to  maintain  it,  accord-  then  were  aeparate,  and  the  only  sove- 
ing  to  the  terms  of  ihe  constitution,  reign  parlies  existing,  at  the  time  of 
But.  in  that  case,  the  individual  respon-  the  adoption  of  the  Constitution,  hoir 
eibility  of  the  citizen  to  the  General  was  that  instrument  established,  except 
Government  has  ceased,  for  he  has  by  acompact,whasetermsit  describes} 
been  absolved  by  his  sovereign  from  Ail  governments  are  est^lished  either 
the  social  obligation  to  obey  it,  and  the  by  force  oi  compact,  and  ours  was,  no< 
violation  of  Ihe  obligation  between  the  toriously )  not  established  by  force, 
States  is  a  qoestion  between  those  it  nual  then  owe  ita  origin  to  a  corn- 
States,  and  not  between  him  and  any  pact,  Co  which  the  separate  people  of 
State  but  his  own.  ihe  several  States  were  the  only  pos- 
That  there  was  a  separate  snvereign-  eible  and  competent  parties.  That 
ty  in  the  people  of  each  of  the  States,  these  were  the  views  of  the  Conven- 
liefore  the  adoption  of  Ihe  present  con-  tlons  in  the  Slates,  at  the  time,  is  evi- 
■lituiiun,  ought  never  to  have  been  dent  from  the  acts  of  ratlRcation.  Mas- 
doubted.  The  separate  aettlemenl  of  sachnsetls  and  New  Hampshire  eX' 
the  colonies  under  diflerent  and  dis-  preasly  declare,  that  by  their  raliSca- 
tinoi  charlais — Ihe  separate  colonial  tion  of  the  Conatitution,  the  States  en- 
goveTBmeniB — their  separate  action  du-  lered  into  a  solemn  compact  wuh  each 
ring  the  revolution  until  the  first  act  of  other,  and  nearly  all  the  States  assented 
confederation — the  character  of  that  to  the  Constitution  "  in  the  name  and 
confederated  government  itself,  which  on  behalf"  of  their  own  separate  peo- 
was  a  mere  agent  of  the  Slate  govern-  pie.  The  State  of  Virginia,  in  particn- 
ments  upon  whom  it  acted,  and  not  up-  lar,  declares  that  she  assents,  in  the 
on  individuals — the  address  of  Con-  name  and  behalf  of  the  people  of  Vir- 
greas  to  the  States,  when  the  plan  for  cinia,  and  by  that  asaent,  makes  the 
a  confederacy  was  agreed  upon,  Conatitution  binding  upon  "  the  said 
which  asserts  that  our  continent  was  people."  She  thus  makes  it,  not  the 
"  divided  into  so  man^  sovereign  and  government  of  the  whole,  but  of  her 
independent  communiliea" — and  above  ovrn  particular  people.  It  is  clear,  then, 
all  the  9d  Article  of  Confaderation,  that  tha  Conatitnlion  waa  established' Z^"  I 
which  declares  that  "eaoh  Slate  re-  by  a  compact  between  the  States,  skV^jOO^IL 


SS3         True  Theoiy  and  PhUotopiy  of  our  SytlertMf  Ooeemment.     {Sept. 

Bepante  And  soTereign  parties.  Wu  authority  io  the  State,  for  noveTeignty 
there  anjlhing  ia  that  compact,  which  implies  supremacy,  and  there  cannot 
merged  their  sovereignties,  and  coa-  be  two  who  are  supreme ;  for  if  there 
Bolidated  their  BSTeral  commnnities,  in-  were  two  eqaal  authorities,  neithet 
to  one  American  people,  for  all,  or  a  oould  b«  supreme,  and  there  could  be 
part  eren,  of  the  parposes  of  gOTern-  no  single  people  who  were  soTsreign, 
ment!  We  think  not.  The  sovereign  and  competent  to  the  establishment  of 
is  the  supreme  power  in  the  State,  a  complete  goTemment — which  wonld 
The  American  idea  on  this  anhjeet,  be  contrary  to  the  long  eGtablished 
which  lies  at  the  fonndation  of  all  oor  Ajnerican  ideas  upon  the  subject.  So 
bslitutions,  ia,  that  this  supreme  pow'  evident  is  the  imposaibilitj  of  dividiag' 
et  reals  not  in  any  government,  but  ia  sovereignty,  that  Burlanutqui,  and  oth- 
Ihe  ^ople.  This  is  too  notorious  to  er  eminent  authorilies  upon  national 
require  demonstration,  allhongh  the  l&w,  have  pot  the  case  of  asovereigntj 
evidence  is  at  hand,  and  easily  aecessi-  which  agreed  to  exercise  a  ponton  of  its 
Ue.  It  fellows  also,  as  a  necessarT  powera,jointly  with  otherB,snddecided 
consequence,  that  this  supreme  anthori-  that  its  aovereigntv  was  neither  des- 
ty  must  be  competent  to  the  establish-  troyed  nor  impaitej,  by  snch  an  agree- 
ment of  a  complete  government.  Now  ment.  But  this  theory  of  our  Anieri- 
tbe  State  Rights  Ibeoiy  conforms  not  can  people,  which  is  a  people  for  some 
only  to  these  ideas,  which  are  consi-  purposes,  and  not  for  others,  of  a  peo- 
dered  OB  fondamentai  truths  by  every  pie  in  effect  without  sovereignty,  repre- 
American  mind,  hut  also  to  the  Consti-  seated  by  a  Government,  which  it  did 
tstion,  and  the  history  of  the  times,  not  create,  and  cannot  amend  or  change. 
According  to  that  theory,  the  people  of  is  as  much  opposed  to  the  spirit  and 
each  Slate  are  sovereign  within  its  lettei  of  the  Constitution,  as  it  ia  lo  the 
limits,  and  they  have  divided,  not  their  American  sentiment  in  relation  to  tha 
sovereignty  (which  is  impoasible),  but  legitimate  basis  of  government.  The 
the  exercise  of  its  powers,  between  fundamental  conception,  upon  which 
the  joint  agent  of  all  the  States,  and  this  instrument  was  based,  ecems  to  be, 
its  own  special  ^nt,  or  separate  State  that  ours  is  a(  uoion,  not  of  individuals, 

Kvemmeot.  From  this  sovereignty  but  of  States,  who  are  sabslBtlng  and 
B  emanated  a  system  of  complete  sovereign  parlies  to  a  compact,  de- 
Sovernment  for  the  State,  each  branch  scribed  therein,  which  ia  to  be  jointly  ex- 
eriving  ils  anlhority  within  the  State,  eeuted  by  them,  for  their  common  bene- 
from  the  same  source,  and  each  being  fit.  The  very  preamble,  which  baa 
paramount  within  its  own  sphere.  been  relied  on,  as  evidence  of  the  con- 
But  the  Federal  theorjof  one  Ameri-  trary  theory,  seems  to  us  to  support  the 
can  people,  when  taken  in  all  its  parts,  foregoing  supposition.  It  does  not 
ia  inconsistent  with  truth,  and  with  all  oountenance  the  idea  of  a  union  ofpeo- 
OUT  American  ideas  in  relation  to  popu-  pie,  but  of  Slates;  it  does  not  say,  we 
Jar  power,  The  rights  of  this  one  con-  the  united  people  of  the  Stala,  as 
Bolidated  American  people,  if  they  ei-  would  have  been  the  accurate  mode  of 
ist,  are  limited  to  the  powers  of  the  eipreasing  the  Erst  idea,  but  "we  the 
General  Government.  Now,  if  there  people  of  the  United  States,"  is  the 
was  no  other  government  id  the  State  phrase,  which  clearly  contemplatea  the 
of  New  York,  for  example,  it  would  be  anion  of  Slates.  To  make  this  clear, 
Bianifestly  incomplete  for  the  wants  of  it  has  described  the  people  whom  it 
the  people.  The  civil  and  criminal  ju-  oonlemplated  as  those  who  "  do  ordain 
liadiclionB  would  be  so  defective,  that  and  establisb  this  Constitution  for  the 
they  would  suffer  under  the  worst  evils  United  States  of  America."  Now  it  ia 
of  anarchy.  How  is  the  want  to  be  known,  that  the  people  who  eetablisbed 
supplied*  Not  from  the  one  Ameri-  it,  were  the  separate  people  of  the  seve- 
can  people,  for  all  admit  that  they  ral  Slates,  lepresenled  in  distinct  Con- 
wonld  have  no  atithoiity  upon  these  ventiona,  and  it  ia  remarkaUe  that  this 
subjects.  The  necessary  government  very  preamble  declares  il  to  be  a  Con- 
conld  onlv  he  supplied  by  the  people  slttution,  not  for  ihe  united  people, 
of  New  York  thenuelves,  which  is  ad-  or  even  the  people,  bnt  simply  for  the 
mitting,  that  tn  this  extent  at  least  Vniled  Slates.  The  word  people,  waa 
they  constitute  the  supreme  and  sove-  probably   used   in   (his    ~~         '~~ 


uthority  in  the  State.     If  this    mark  the  difference  between  the  ^^;OOq|c 


be  tnie,'theD  they  eonstimte  the  ooljr    stitution,  which  waa  sanationed  b 


1844.]      Tn$e  Ttery  artd  PKUoBophy  of  mr  Sytttm  of  Qottmatmt.  933 

paople  at  tfaa  Slatei,  *nd  ihe  old  artidea  fenred  froin  the  7th  ■rtiels,  whioli  de- 
vi  Conr«der«lion,  which  ware  ontj  cUiea  that  "  Ihe  nufiouian  of  the  eon- 
MDctioned  b^  the  Govemment  of  ths  ventionB  of  nine  States  ahiJl  be  suffi- 
StEUes, — ft  distinction  which  the  fnm-  cient  for  the  establiahment  of  this  con- 
era  of  that  inatrument  were  libel;  to  etitu^n  between  the  States,  as  ntifj- 
DOte.  Nor  ia  this  theory  of  the  aailed  ing  the  same."  The  nine  Stabiaweie 
people  to  be  iDatained  in  oppoution  to  thaa  bound  to  each  other,  aa  States,  to 
the  general  apirit,  and  espieaa  terma  of  mainlaii)  tbo  eonstitntion,  aod  no  aaoh 
the  Constitution,  because  the  Federal  obligatioo  on  the  part  of  any  State  to 
Government  operatea  npon  individuaJs,  the  geaerU  gOTetnment,  or  of  any  indi- 
— afoandationmuchtooaleDderfarstiali  vidual  to  any  State  bat  his  own,  ia  re- 
a  supers! rac tare,  even  were  it  a  fuA,  ferred  to,  nor  can  it  be  imptied.  The 
which  the  Stale  Righta  theory  ooald  obhguion  to  maintain  the  constitution, 
not  explain.  But  in  truth,  it  is  per-  on  the  part  of  the  indiTidual  citiaen,  is 
fectty  consistent  with  that  theory,  and  to  his  own  State,  which  bound  bim  in 
a  result  to  which  it  would  naturally  ita  conTention  ;  most  of  ths  States  so 
hare  led.  ezpreased  it,  in  the  lery  act  by  which 
Thegeneial  government,  >a  we  hare  they  ratified  die  canstitotion.  There 
before  explained,  iaaa  much  the  gvvero'  are  also  certain  proviaiona  in  the  cod- 
roent  of  a  particular  State,  New  York  atitution  which  must  be  regarded  aa 
for  example,  as  the  State  ^vemment  treaty  siipulationa  between  the  States, 
itself;  the  authority  ofeaohm  that  State  whoae  obligationa  can  only  beperform- 
ia  derived  from  the  same  aonrce,  and  ed  by  their  separate  action,  aod  cannot 
each  is  a  pan  of  a  complete  govern-  possibly  be  enforced  or  redeemed  by  the 
mont  for  ilB  people.  The  general  gov-  genenl  governiDent,— such  as  the  l<Mi 
ernmeut  is  as  much  the  government  of  section  of  the  Ist  article,  and  the  3d 
the  people  of  New  York,  to  the  extent  section  of  the  4th,  which  contain  aorae 
of  its  powere,  aa  the  State  go*emment  proviaiona  ^at  mnat  be  conatmed  is 
itself,  and  there  is  an  equal  consisteocy  this  light,  and  readily  present  to  the 
and  propriety  in  ita  operating  upon'  its  mind  caaea  in  which  the  remedy  can 
individual  citiiens.  Take  away  theao  only  be  found,  in  the  faithfnl  perform' 
slender  foundations  for  the  doctrine  of  anoe  of  their  matnal  obligations,  by  the 
a  united  people,  and  nothing  remaina  in  aeparate  Slatea  Ihemaeives.  The  ex- 
ihe  eonstitntion  to  give  it  plausibility,  istence  of  such  a  class  of  atipulations 
On  the  contrary,  the  separate,  and,  as  would  seem  to  be  enough  to  prove  the 
we  think,  the  sovereign  existence  of  snbaiating  and  aeparate  sovereigaty  of 
the  people  of  the  different  States  is  the  States,  who  are  thus  bound  to  each 
everywhere  recognized  by  the  eonati-  other.  We  ought  to  be  still  more 
tntion.  From  them  as  sovereignties,  strongly  oonfirmed  in  this  view,  if  wo 
it  derived  ita  being ;  by  them  atone  it  ahall  find,  upon  further  investigation, 
can  be  changed  ;  upon  them,  as  States,  that  Ihe  general  government  oau  only 
its  obligationa  are  eipresaly  imposed ;  maintain  ita  eiiatence  through  the  ae- 
and  for  theit  benefit  and  satisfaction  it  paiaie  action  of  theStatea  in  their  cor- 
ta  to  be  executed.  That  the  constitu-  porate  capacities,  and  that  the  provi- 
tion  was  establiahed  by  the  aeveral  aions  of  the  itanstitation  are  auch  as 
States  in  their  sovereign  capaeitiea,  seem  to  look  exclnsirely  to  the  Slatea 
most  candid  minds  muei  admit.  That  aa  tbe  parties  to  the  oompaot,  for  whose 
it  can  only  be  amended  by  Ihe  States,  benefit  it  ia  to  be  executed.  And  yet, 
aa  separate  ci.-nrauntties,  is  so  clearly  such  must  inevitably  be  the  reaulta  of 
expressed  in  the  conatitution  that  none  that  investigation.  Without  State  !e- 
have  denied  it.  The  constitution  thus  gislaturea  there  could  be  no  federal  aen- 
elearty  recognizes  its  creating  power,  ate,  for  it  ia  by  those  bodies  that  ita 
not  only  for  the  past  but  the  fuiure,  aa  members  must  he  elected.  The  rega- 
residing  in  the  people  of  the  separate  lation  of  the  manner  of  electing  tbe 
States  ;  and  by  attributing  to  them  the  President  ia  also  exclusively  confided  to 
highest  postibie  political  power,  admits  the  State  goremments.  In  the  dislri- 
in  the  most  satisfactory  manner  their  hution  of  power,the  States  are  Ihe  par- 
supremacy  or  sovereignty.  That  the  ties  guarded  against  the  encroachments 
obiigBtions  of  (he  conatitution  are  im-  of  tbe  general  government.  All  pow- 
posed  npon  the  States,  as  Statea,  and  era  not  expreaaly  granted  to  that  gov- 
■ot  upon  individuals,  or  upon  any  one  ernmeut,  are  resetted  to  the  separata 
consolidated  people,  is  clearly  to  be  in*  States,  and  UMaa  leaerved  powers  an 


Goog(e 


tS4         TVtw  T^oty  md  Phihtophy  of  our  Sy»Uin  of  GMtnmMa.    [Se^ 

HnongBt  die  bishest  nbioh  perUin  to  is  dntribaled  amongit  iha  Sutvs,  as 
■OT«teJgnl]r.  Ibey  include  the  right  Sttttes^od  accoidiogUibataadarij&iad 
orpreBerTifigpobhemnralaaDdpTotect-  bj  coaipiMniM  and  contract.  The  M- 
ing  private  property  within  tha  State,  mdI  of  all  theae  three  deparlmeuta  \a 
and  ta  a  graat  extent  the  power  of  de-  aeceaaarf  to  a  law  of  ihe  United  Stale*, 
relnping  iti  phyaical  and  intelleciua]  re-  and  in  thia  ptoeesa.  the  aeoM  of  the 
Bources.  Now,  the  reaenation  of  rigfata  Statea  aa  eueh  is  at  leoat  once  diatinct- 
aa  agsinat  the  grantee  in  the  deed,  and  Ij  Uken,  and  the  coocurrence  of  a  mtr- 
the  annihilatinn  uf  the  sepatats  partiea  jority  of  them  made  necessary  fur  the 
who  were  to  enjoy  ihem,  ta  an  ahauidi-  actioo  of  the  federal  goTetnment.  In 
ty  hardly  to  be  imputed  to  the  wise  men  majiiiig  treaties  and  appoiDtmeots,  thej 
who  framed  our  constitution.  Eape-  have  also  a  ahare  of  power,  through  th* 
ciaJiy  when  we  see  that  the  compromi-  aeiiate,in  which  they  are  equUlj  r«pre- 
•ea  of  which  it  ia  fell  all  relate  to  Staia  aeoted.  Now  thia  whole  diotribuliea  i» 
intereaiB,  and  not  to  thoseof  indiTiduala  mauifeatly  irreooneilahle  with  the  idea 
or  olaaaea.  "  The  duties,  impoata  and  of  a  consolidated  people,  who  stand 
ezciaea  are  to  be  nnifornt  throaghont  towarda  the  general  goTernment  aa  a 
the  United  States ;"  and  "  no  prefer-  principaJ  lo  an  agent ;  bat  it  harmoni- 
enee  ahaJl  be  given  by  any  regulalian  of  see  precisely  with  Uial  theory  which  wa 
eommerceor  reiennetotheportsof  one  bare  been  auppotting.  The  power  of 
State  over  those  of  another."  The  selecting  and  ihua  controlling  the  ac- 
power,  too,  of  oontrolling  thejoint  agent  tion  of  Ihe  federal  goTernment  ia  clear- 
er federal  govenment,  ia  alsn  dtslribut-  ly  diatribuled  amongat  the  Slalea,  which 
ed  in  reference  to  the  States  as  par-  is  the  highest  poasible  proof  that  there 
ties,  and  wilbonC  any  regard  lo  the  idea  esiata  between  ihem  the  relatloH  of 
ofa  consolidated  American  people.  The  principal  and  agent, 
oonstitution  declares  that  "  Reprcsen-  If  we  have  been  sncccaaftil  in  onz 
talires  and  direct  taxes  shall  be  appor-  previoua  efibrta,  we  have  proved  :  that 
tioeed  amongst" — wbnm  1  The  whole  the  States  were  aeparate  and  suvereigm 
people  1  No  -,  but  "  amongst  the  seve-  parties,  who  framed  this  conetitution  bf 
ral  Slatea."  Thia  apportionment  ia  [hue  compact;  that  there  is  nothing  in  that 
made  according  to  a  certain  arbitrary  instrument  to  annihilate,  but  much  to 
Btandard,  agreed  epon  as  a  just  maasure  conGrm  their  character  as  sovereigns ; 
of  the  strength  of  the  several  Slates  in  that  the  obligation  of  a  Stale  to  main- 
the  federal  government.  This  stand-  tain  it,  ia  not  lo  the  Geeeral  Govem- 
ard  assumes  neither  wealth  nor  abso-  ment,  but  to  the  co-States  with  which  it 
late  numbera  as  the  test,  but  a  mixed  eontraoied;  that  the  only  parlies  to  the 
mle,  which  the  States  esreed  upon  as  compact  oontemplated  throniihout  th« 
the  meaaore  of  their  relative  federal  coDstilution,  are  the  separate  States  in 
atrength.  In  aaaigniag  to  each  State  their  corporate  oapaoities;  and  that 
ita  portion  of  representatives,  an  nnre-  the  General  Governmeot  haa  almost 
presented  fraction  isalmost  always  leit,  every  feature  which  could  character- 
and  the  sum  of  these  fracliona  would  iie  it  aa  the  joint  agent  of  the  States,  aa 
always  constitute  a  mass  too  eonaidera-  principals.  Jo  sustaining  these  poai- 
ble  lo  be  led  without  representation,  if  tions  we  have  not  relied  upon  the  con- 
onr  goverement  bad,  in  truth,  been  es-  temporaneous  expositions  of  the  conetj- 
tablished  to  repreaent  a  consolidated  tulion  made  by  high  anihority,  although 
American  people.  In  the  senate,  the  many  such  were  readily  aocessible. 
distribution  of  power  is  still  more  clear-  Amongst  these,  the  celebrated  resoln- 
ly  made  between  the  States,  as  the  tions  of  the  Virginia  and  Kentuchy 
principals  for  >whom  the  joint  afenoy  legisiatutee  in  1798~QS,  are  perhaps 
la  establiehed.  In  that  body  the  Slates  the  most  celebrated  To  have  enteied 
are  represented  eqoally,  upon  the  prin-  fully  upon  this  branch  of  oor  proo( 
oiple  of  a  simple  coo  led  oration.  The  would  have  extended  this  essay  too  Ux 
mode  of  electing  a  Preaident  evidently  beyond  its  proper  limits.  -We  ha»o 
refera  to  the  same  partieaaa  principals,  chosen  rather  to  prove  the  troth  of  out 
"Each  Stale  thaUappoinI,  in  such  man-  theory,  b;  ahowing  that  it  harmonised 
oer  as  the  legialature  thereof  shall  di-  our  position,  not  only  with  the  leading 
a  number  of  electors  equal  to  the  American   cooeeption  aa  to  Ihe  sover- 


whole  number  of  senators  to  which  the    eigni;  of  the  people,  and  ibeonly  legi- 

"Sooglc 


Sialt   may   bi   entitled  in   congrees,"    timate  basis  of  government,  but 
The  power  of  oonuoliiiig  this  election    with  ^a  whole  caaetitulioa,ia  its  gena."' 


1644.]    Tnit  TJkeory  and  PMloiophy  of  our  System  of  Gooetwiunt.         9S6 

t»l  spirit  aod  istentioos.  Bud  in  M  ile  bean  leioked,  and  whose  sxiatence  sad 
pruiisiuDS.  We  eodeairored  lo  demon-  uithoriiy  &re  in  dispute.  If  its  aullioi- 
Slrate  the  obeurdily  of  the  opposite  iiy  exists  tvitliin  tiie  Slate  nhich  has 
theory,  by  showins  that  it  was  grosslj  revoked  it,  ihece  is  an  end  lo  the  quea- 
ioDonsistenl  with  the  fteneia)  spirit  and  tioa,  fur  upua  that  very  fact  was  the 
paiticulai  proTisions  uf  ihecunstiiutiuD,  issue  to  be  tried  Fron)  the  very  na- 
iad that,  in  effect,  it  annihiluted  the  tute  of  the  controreray  it  migbt,  aod 
idea  of  aovereigniy  in  the  people.  For,  often  would  he  iuelf  a  party  to  ibe  caae. 
according  lo  this  tlieory,  there  exiata  We  know  that  tbia  view  has  been 
BO  one  people  who  are  supreme,  and  stnutl;  contested,  and  that  there  are 
Ibetebre  sovereign,  within  the  hounds  many  who  maintaia  that  the  Federal 
of  aoy  State,  and  aonaequeutly,  that  Judiciary  is  the  aupreme  judge  of  the 
there  ia  no  one  people  to  whom  a  powers  of  the  Federal  ana  Slate  Got- 
citiien  of  a  Slate  ean  look  as  aupreme  ernmenla,  upon  the  authority  of  the 
and  sovereign,  in  relation  to  ajl  the  clauses  of  the  conslilution  creating 
powers  of  ■  compleie  government.  that  department,  and  upon  the  9d  eeo. 
If  our  positions  have  been  truly  of  the  Sth  article,  which  declares  that 
taken,  it  follows,  as  a  oonseqaeuce,  "  this  conBiitution,  and  the  tawa  of  the 
that  the  authority  cf  the  General  Got-  United  State*,  which  sbal)  be  made  in 
ernmeot  within  a  particular  State,  is  pursuance  thereof,  and  all  treaties 
wholly  derived  from  the  separate  act  made,  or  which  shall  be  made,  undei 
of  its  sovereigo  people,  whuae  agent  it  the  authority  of  the  United  States, 
ia'  to  the  eUent  of  its  delegated  pnwers.  shall  be  the  aupreme  law  of  the  land." 
To  thai  extent,  it  is  the  Gaiernmenior  But  these  proviaione  are  tu  be  construed 
the  Slate  of  New  York,  made  BO  by  ihe  ia  reference  to  the  whole  spirit  and 
bighauihorityorihepeopleofNewYork,  meaning  of  the  conatituiion,  and  not  to 
Should  that  people  interpose  through  the  destruction  of  that  general  spirit, 
a  conveniiiin,  in  their  sovereign  caps-  for  the  attsinment  of  a  particular  pur- 
city,  to  revoke  that  agency,  the  revoca-  poee.  Nor  is  it  to  be  supposed  that 
lion  of  that  power  is  cuniplete,  so  far  these  clauses  could  have  designed  to 
aa  the  individual  ciiicen  of  ihe  Stale  ia  give  it  jurisilictiun,  in  cases  in  which  it 
concerned;  for  a  principal  may,  at  any  was  itself  Ihe  author,  or  at  leaal  a  par- 
time,  revoke  a  naked  power,  and  the  ty  in  the  wrong  complained  of.  We 
atseoC  is  now  withheld,  through  which  may  readily  admit,  that  the  conaiitulion 
alone  the  individual  was  originally  and  laws  made  in  puriuance  iherrof, 
bonnd.  So  far  aa  the  agent  i«  con-  are  the  supreme  law  of  the  land,  and 
cemed,  there  ia  no  obligation  involved  yet  assert,  that  laws  made  in  opposition 
by  the  Slate  i  for  a  naked  power  may,  thereto  are  actually  void.  The  laws 
al  any  time,  he  revoked  ;  aod  it  i*  the  made  in  pursuance  of  the  ecnstitulion 
precise  case  of  a  State  Government,  al-  are  supieme  within  the  State  of  New 
tered  or  changed  hy  a  conveniinn  of  the  York,  foe  example,  because,  in  relation 
people  of  that  Slate  ;  nor  is  there  any  to  the  granted  powers,  that  governraent 
obligation  to  that  agent,  violated  by  the  is  the  only  gnvernment  of  the  people  of 
individual  citizen,  who  vras  only  bound  New  York,  aud  was  made  so  by  their 
through  the  Slate.  But  in  the  revoca-  own  act.  But  it  ia  equally  true,  that 
tion  ofthia  joint  agency  by  ihe  Stale,  its  the  laws  of  the  Slate  GoverniDent 
obligations  to  the  co-Siales  may  be  vio-  made  in  pursuance  of  the  reserved 
lated,  and  for  iheir  violation  it  may  be-  powers,  are  also  the  aupreme  law  of 
coroe  responsilile  to  them,  not  aa  unit-  that  Slate.  Each  is  supreme  in  its 
•d,  but  several  Slates.  There  are  own  sphere,  in  part,  but  not  in  the 
cases  between  Slates  to  be  settled  upon  whole.  Bui  to  assert  that  either  is  au> 
the  principles  of  national  taw,  aod  the  preme,  in  a  dispute  aa  to  the  boundary 
usages  of  nations ;  uolesa,  indeed,  there  of  their  powers  and  juriadiciioo,  ia  to 
be  aome  common  arbiter,  mutually  enable  one  lo  overwhelm  tbe  other, 
agreed  upon  between  them.  Now,  for  and  to  deetroy  all  the  land-marks  be- 
fuch  oases  as  these,  no  auch  arbiter  tweec  them.  Accordingly,  ibis  oon- 
bas  been  appointed  by  Ihe  constitution;  atruclion  was  long  ago  repudiated  by 
for,  although  the  contrary  haa  been  the  Republican  parly,  anci  Mr.  Madi- 
aaaerted,  there  ia  nothing  which  consti-  son's  argumeni  on  this  aubject,  in  bis 
tutea  the  Supreme  Court  the  arbiter  celebrated  report  of  1790,  may  perhaps 
in  such  controversies.  That  court  is  a  be  considered  unanswerable.  It  baa 
part  of  tbia  lery  agency  which  has  been  justly  argued,  that  such  a  **''f'~'^.^,-vli(T» 


SS6        True  Theory  and  Plulotophf  of  eur  Si/item  of  Oo  verwMnt.      [Sept. 

stTDCtion  would  destroy  the  very  ea-  diciary.  Now,  these  ue  eue*  ofTio- 
sence  and  Bpiril  of  ibe  constitution,  lation  of  the  constitntion  of  the  moet 
which  was  founded  on  the  idea  of  (t  important  and  exciting  character,  which 
divisiun  of  power  between  the  Slate  are  cnnrescedly  withoat  the  reach  ot 
and  Federal  Government*,  that  oould  the  Federal  jnriBdiciiDD.  It  is  not 
not  be  raainlained,  if  a  branch  of  the  therefore  to  be  suppused,  that  the  frain- 
htler  were  the  sopreme  judge  between  ersof  the  conatilution  designed  to  make 
the  two,  It  has  been  shown,  too,  that  this  judiciary  supreme  aa  against  ths 
the  powers  uf  thia  judiciary  itself  were  sotereigncy  of  a  State,  for  if  sach  had 
limited,  and  that  the  reeerrations  to  the  been  their  design,  they  would  not  hare 
States  of  powers  not  granted,  were  left  the  mnal  dan^roos  cases  in  which 
reBervations  against  the  General  Got-  the  rights  of  a  Slate  might  be  invaded 
ernment,  in  all  its  departments,  legisla-  beyond  the  sphere  of  its  jurisdiction. 
live,  ezeoutiTe,  and  judicial.  It  has  Neither  is  itto  be  supposed  that  this  in- 
been  pointed  out  as  a  cleat  result  stitution  was  so  paramount  aa  to  induce 
that  this  constitution  would  nullity  all  them  to  risk  or  aacrifice  for  it,  the  great 
the  limitations  upon  the  power  of  the  object  of  a  division  of  power  between 
Supreme  Court  itself,  as  it  was  thus  tha  State  and  Federal  governinents,  fur, 
made  the  supreme  and  final  judge  of  its  in  that  case,  the;  cool d  not  have  left 
own  rights  and  jurisdiction.  In  this  the  means  for  attaining  thia  parpoie, 
way,  we  dhould  erect  a  tribunal,  per-  so  incnnplsie. 

haps  as  despotic  as  any  people  have  The  most  that  ean  be  claimed  for  tho 
ever  known,  and  defeat  the  highest  FederalCourt,  with  any  degree  of  plaii- 
ends  of  the  constitution  itself.  sibility,  is  its  supreme  right  to  judge  ao 
The  only  plausible  mode  of  account-  for  as  the  parlies  to  the  case  are  con- 
ing  for  so  immense  and  improvident  a  cerned,  so  long  as  its  jurisdiction  is  not 
grant  of  power,  was  the  supposed  de-  contested  by  a  rival  judiciary,  deriving 
sire  to  provide  an  arbiter  for  the  peace-  its  authority  from  the  same  sonrce,  or 
ful  adjustment  of  disputes  between  the  whilst  il  is  not  contested  by  a  Slate  in 
Stales orindividuals,  which  mightarise  iis  sovereign  capacity.  The  framere 
under  the  constitutioa.  But  it  has  been  of  the  conslilution  did  not  make  the 
repeatedly  shown,  that  most  important  absurd  attempt  to  settle  disputes  be- 
cftses  of  violations  of  constitutional  ob-  tween  equals  by  giving  to  one  of  them 
ligations  might  occur,  which  could  not  supreme  authority  to  adjust  the  dif- 
be  reached  by  the  Federal  Courts,  ac-  ferenee.  Those  wiae  men  well  know, 
cording  to  the  opinions  of  all,  even  of  thai  between  equal  and  coOrdinoie  au- 
some  of  its  own  judges.  A  case  mast  Ifaorities,  and  especially  between  con- 
be  presented  in  some  judicial  form,  be-  federated  sovereignties,  coses  would  oo- 
fbre  that  oourt  can  take  cognizance  of  casionally  arise,  in  which  a  spirit  of 
it,  and  yet  there  may  be  many  eases  of  compromise,  if  made  necessary,  woold 
important  violations  of  the  constitution,  prove  the  true  conservator  of  peace  and 
which  cannot  be  made  to  assume  such  justice.  Nor  did  they  contemplate  ihe 
a  form.  The  constitution  forbids  the  idea  of  a  government  or  a  single  branch 
States  to  enter  into  agreementaor  com-  of  that  goverament  which  should  have 
pacts  with  eaoh  other,  to  grant  titles  of  more  authority  within  a  State,  than  the 
nobility,  to  keep  standing  armies,  to  lay  sovereign  people  who  created  il ;  such 
impost  duties,  &e.,  without  the  consent  an  idea  would  have  been  as  inconsistent 
ef  Congress.  "  The  citizens  of  each  with  their  svstem,  as  il  is  with  the  true 
Slate  shall  be  entitled  to  all  privileges  conoepiinn  of  popular  sovereignty, 
and  immunities  of  citizens  in  the  sev-  The  whole  authority  of  the  Federal  ju- 
eral  Stales."  Now  it  is  easy  to  con-  diciary,  within  a  Stale,  is  derived  from 
eeive  of  violations  by  the  States  of  all  the  asssnt  of  its  people  in  their  sove- 
tbese  obligations,  in  modes  which  would  reign  capacity,  and  when  Itiat  is  with- 
not  present  a  jadicial  case  for  the  Fed-  held,  the  individual  citizen  is  absolved 
era!  conrts.  The  general  government  from  the  obligation  to  obey  it  To  have 
is  prohibited  from  the  exercise  of  any  attempted  to  arm  ^lat  judiciary  with 
power  not  granted  by  the  oonstiiation,  tbe  power  to  conSne  its  decrees 
and  yet  it  might  expend  money  in  an  in  such  cases,  would  have  inveated  it 
nnconsiituiional  mode,  to  the  manireat  wi^i  thepowerof  war,confided  to  Cod- 
lees  and  injury  ef  acme  of  the  States,  gress  in  the  case  of  foreign  nations,  oik) 
and  yet  present  no  case  which  could  not coalemplaiedosbetweeniheSlates. 
pMsjUf  be  reached  by  the  Federal  Jn-  This  attempt  wonld  have  led  to  fi^^ 


oogic 


1844.]     True  Theory  and  Philotophy  of  our  Syitem  of  QovenmitnL  M7 

more  ctH,  than  it  would  h»Te  cured,  to  ihia  common  i^nt,  which  wu  bo 

and  sccordinplj,  it  hu  not  been  mide.  eonstituted    and    liniled   u  to   aBbrd 

Should  dilierence  unhBppiljr  occnr  eTeir  practicable  guaranty  that  it 
between  the  aoTereiEntieB  which  are  would  diitribute  the  burthen  necessary 
too  deep  or  bitter  to  be  healed  by  that  for  its  objects,  equitably  among  iho 
spirit  of  compromise  in  which  our  con-  Slates.  As  we  said  before,  the  whole 
stiiuiion  had  its  being,  it  ie  not  by  the  end  of  this  class  of  pcwEia  was,  to  sn- 
Federat  tourl  that  they  can  be  settled,  sure  our  lyttem  of  SioUm  the  adeanta- 
Wbat  their  ultimate  remedies  ought  lo  get  of  Iheir  combined  ttrengtk  in  their 
be,  it  is  nol  our  piorince  now  to  inquire,  foreign  relatioju,  and  to  place  them 
We  dismiss  that  unpleasant  subject,  be-  upon  equal  terms  in  sharing  the  const- 
cause  its  fuilher  InTesligation  is  unne-  quencea  of  that  intercourse. 
ceasary  here,  and  we  trust  that  il  can  But  there  was  also  aaoiher  object, 
neveragain  assume  theshape  ofaprac-  of  perhaps  as  much  importance,  and 
tical  question.  It  is  enough  for  us  lo  ex-  sought  with  nearly  equal  care  hy  tha 
cite  the  vigilance  of  thoie  who  stand  to  proviaions  of  the  constitution.  Espe- 
guard  the  sanctuaries  of  popolsr  power  lieoce  had  shown  that  the  Slates,  id 
from  profane  intrusion,  for  m  them  will  their  separate  legislation  upon  the  sub- 
be  found  the  chief  elements  of  strength  iect  of  commerce,  might  often  be 
■nd  aecuTity  for  our  system.  brought  into  errors  and  dangerous  col- 

Haiing  investigated  lo  some  extent  lisions.  The  selfish  attempts  of  some 
the  origin  of  the  constitution,  and  the  to  secure  indirectly  an  nndue  share  of 
obligations  which  it  imposes  between  the  benefits  of  mutual  intercourse,  or  to 
the  States,  we  turn  now  to  the  instrn-  tas  the  commerce  of  others,  might  lead 
menl  itself,  to  ascertain  the  nature  of  to  a  war  of  restrictions  or  unjust  dis- 
the  government  which  it  creates,  and  criminations,  which  would  be  alike 
the  leading  ends  which  it  proposes.  destructiTC  to  all.  The  interior  States 
It  is  founded,  as  is  manifest  to  all,  upon  openly  expressed  their  fears,  ihai  those 
the  idea  of  a  diTision  of  the  powers,  on  the  Atlantic  border  would  endeavor 
necessary  for  a  complete  government,  to  tax  oi  regulate  (heir  foreign  trade; 
between  the  State  and  Federal  aulhori-  and  it  was  apprehended  that  lb<!se  col- 
ties.  The  powers  of  the  latter  govern-  lisions  might  result  in  opposing  serious 
ment  are  expressly  confined  lo  those  obstacles  to  the  free  exchanges  of  com- 
granled  in  the  constitution,  and  it  pre-  merce.  To  remove  these  dangers  the 
eents  every  feature  of  a  limited  agency,  power  of  regulating  commerce,  not  only 
To  it  are  confided  the  relations  of  Ihe  with  foreign  nations,  but  between  the 
States  with  foreign  nations.  The  States,  was  given  to  the  General  Gov- 
powers  of  peace  and  war,  of  conclodiag  emment.  The  States  were  prohibited 
treaties,  and  of  regulating  commerce  from  laying  duties  eiiher  upon  exports 
with  foreign  nations,  are  exclusively  or  imports,  without  the  consent  of 
entrusted  to  it.  Congreas ;  from  impairing  the  obliga- 

Tbe  States  are  expressly  prohibited  lions  of  contracts,  or  from  making  any- 

from  making  treaties  with  foreign  na-  thing  but  specie  a  legal  tender ;  and  it 

tions,  or  indeed  with  each  other.    Each  was  especially  provided  Ihal  the  cilj- 

enjoys  the  protection  of  Ihe  combined  zens  of  every  State  shall  have  in  each 

strength  of  all  in  its  foreign  relations,  Slate  the  privileges  of  jta  own  cilixens. 

and  each  shares  equally  in  the  benefits  Trade  was  thus   made  perfectly  free 

or  mischiefs  of  common  treaties,  and  throughout   the  Confederacy,  and  Ihe 

common  regulations,  which  are  imposed  Slates  were  placed  upon  equal  terms 

upon    their    intercourse   with   foreign  both  ai  to  Foreign  and  Domeetic  com- 

nalions,  by  their  common  government  merce.     To    secure    this   object    still  , 

or  agent.     The  dangers  to  the  peace  more  effectually,  the  general  govern- 

and  welfare  of  Ihe  Stales,  which  would  ment  or  joint  agent  was  invested  with 

invariably  arise  out  of  their  separate  power  over  the  subject  of  bankruptcy,  | 

aclion   with   Foreign  powers,  are  thus  and  the  power  to  coin  money,  regulate  j 

removed,  by  all  the  meana  within  the  the  value  thereof,  and  of  foreign  coin,  I 

reach  of  human  wisdom,  and  this  per-  and  fix  (he  standard  of  weights   and 

haps  formed  the  highest  and  leading  meaSDres.      A   common    standard    of 

inducement  to  the  adoption  of  the  pre-  weight  and  common  measure  of  quan- 

sent  conslitution.      For  this  purpose,  tily  and  value  were  thus  provided  for, 

the  power  of  raising  armies  and  navies,  regulating  the  commerce  which  was  to^  -~.  > 

uid  of  imposing  taxes,  was  confided  be  free,  and  common  lo  all  within  ^C^jOO^  IC 


SS8         Tnte  Theory  and  PkHotophy  of  oar  Syilem  of  Govtrnrnent.       (Sept 

CoDrederecjr.  There  is  ECMcely  in  to  limit  and  explain  Ihe  en<)s  of  lh« 
express  graol  of  power  to  the  (ccuBd  taxing  puwer,  wu  conatrned  as  sn  ab- 
goretnmeni  which  does  Dot  relate  im-  eoluie  grant  of  power.  It  was  esMly 
ipediately  to  one  or  the  other  of  iha  shown  that  such  a  construction  would 
two  leading  objects  which  we  have  annihilate  the  ^real  ends  of  the  conati- 
aacribed  to  the  coostitution.  tution  itself,  and  defeat  its  avowed 
Foreign  intrigues  and  interfprence,  purpose  of  restricting  thepowera  of  the 
which  bad  proved  so  baneful  lo  all  general  goverfimeDt,  and  of  reeerTioE 
forruBi  confederacies,  were  thus  debar-  to  the  Stales  all  that  waa  not  granted. 
red  an  entrance  into  ours,  ao  far,  at  The  result  of  the  issue  thus  presented 
least,  as  human  wisdom  could  effect  to  the  people,  was  such  ae  to  drive  tbo 
that  purpose.  Still  more  haneful,  if  part;  from  that  ground,  and  since  then 
possible,  had  been  the  consequences  of  they  have  relied  mainly  upon  the  clause 
the  allempls  made  by  individual  States  which  provides  that  Congresa  ahall 
to  build  up  their  own  prosperity,  at  the  "  make  all  laws  which  shall  be  neces* 
expenae  of  their  confederates.  This,  s«r^  and  proper,  for  carrying  into  oXB- 
too,  was  prevented  by  thoae  wise  pro-  cution  the  foregoing  powers,  and  all 
visions,  which,  if  faithfully  observed,  other  powerevested  by  this  constitutian 
will  rei^uire  each  Stale  so  to  use  its  in  Ihegovernmentuf  the  United  Slates, 
owo  rights  as  not  to  injure  the  equal  orin  any  department  orofficei  thereof." 
Tights  of  another.  A  jomi  gnveroment  The  powers  intended  to  be  granted  by 
aod  compact  which  attains  iheae  ends,  this  clauae  were  unfortunately  incapa- 
wi) I  secure  ihe  States  against  foreign  ble  ofa  precise  enumeration,  and  any 
aggression,  and  maintain  peace  and  general  desoription,  however  apily  ex- 
justice  in  their  relatious  with  each  preaaed.mual  have  afforded  room  for 
other,  as  far  as  it  ia  posaible  to  effect  wide  differences  of  opinion.  The  fede- 
tbese  objects.  Under  all  the  circum-  ralists,  who  believe  it  politic  and  ex- 
stances  of  their  eoudition,  it  is  difficult  pedieut  to  qnnsolidsle  as  far  as  pcmsible, 
.  to  conceive  any  objects  but  these  for  all  the  powers  of  government  in  the 
which  it  would  have  been  wise  in  the  general  branch,  have  endeavored  to 
Stales  lo  have  agreed  lo  exercise  their  effect  their  object  by  ao  enlarged  and 
ttowera  through  a  joint  agent.  To  latiludinous  conatraction  of  thia  clause, 
have  gone  beyond  the  neceaaary  objects  which  grants  what  are  called  the  im- 
of  the  confederacy  would  have  haxard-  plied  powers.  By  seizing  upon  all 
ed  the  whole,  and  the  fewer  sacrifioea  the  powera  which  were  even  remotely 
of  local  feeling  and  interest  which  connected  with  those  expressly  granted, 
were  required  lo  maintain  it,  the  more  they  would  be  able  in  the  end  to  atrip 
likely  it  was  to  endure.  But  this  ar-  the  States  of  tbelr  most  important  at- 
rangement,  which  lefi  important  powera  tributes,  and  conaummate  their  most 
W  the  separate  Slates,  and  reposed  in  cherished  purpose  of  conaolidaling  all 
tbem  the  trust  of  developing  their  own  power  in  a  great  central  government. 


resources  according  to  the   particular  To  trace   some  connection   between  a 

oircumsiances  of  their  owq  people,  did  power  which  they  desired  to  exercise, 

not  satisfy  the  federalists  then,  or  since,  and  some    other    expressly    granted 

They  clearly  perceived  that  each  State  power,  and  then  to  use  that  power  for 

government  was  lefi  a  sort  of  citadel  of  other  ends  than    those    contemplated 

popular  power,  and  would  increase  the  in  the  grant  of  the  specified  power,  has 

difficulties   of  supplanting  it.      They  long  been  a  favorite  device.     On   the 

accordingly   sought  all  the  opporluni-  other  baud,  the   republican  party  have 

ties  of  construction  which  every  writ-  always  maintained  that  no  power  can 

ten  inslrumenl  affords,  to  enlarge  the  be  fairly  implied,  if  such  a   mode   of 

powers  of  the  general  government  be-  construction  would   have  the  effect  of 

yond    their    true    liniiie.     They    first  destroying  what  were  manifestly   the 

seized  the  Isl  clause    8th   section  of  leadingobjectsof  the  constitution  itself. 

the  1st  article   of  the  eonstitutiou  for  An   implication   of  power  that    would 

that   porpose,  and    maintained   that   it  enable  the  general  government  by  sirai-  i 

endowed  Congress  with  the  substantive  lar  reasoning  just  as  well  to  exercise  all  ! 

and  specific  power  of  providing  for  the  the  important  functions  reserved  by  the 

common   defence  and  general  welfare  Stales,  or  which  would  destroy  iis  cha- 

of  the  United  States,  by  all  the  means  raoter  as  a  limited  agent,  must  mani- 

which  could  condncB  to  such  ends.     A  festly  beafaiseoonstmcliou,  asit  would 

pluase,  whicb  vras  obiionsly  designed  defeat  the  very  plan  of  the  constltutioiu  ~-  ^-.  ^  -,  11^ 


1H4.]     TViM  Theoty  and  Philotophy  of  our  Sytlem  of  Omwrtunmf .  SW 

■nd  make  Dug^fttory  the  great  maw  of  aelf.     If  this  strict  ooiiBtraolioa  shoaM 

its  profisioDS.     So  w«  nwy,  peThaps,  be  roand  t4i  srm  the  Geoenl  Gorern- 

■dd  that  DO  power  ie  to  be  implied  a>  ment  with  all  the  msaDa  necesMry  to 

Ma  incideat  when  it  is  as  important  or  accomplish  the  ends  of  the  Confedera- 

more  important  in  its   character  llian  oy,  it  must  be  admitted  to  add  to  the 

its  euppueed  prinoipeJ,  fur  then  it  ia  to  stability  of  the  Union,  ae  it  requires 

be  supposed  that  it  would  have  been  es-  fewer  sacrifices  of  local  sentiment  and 

preaaed,  aa  there  was  aa  much  or  more  inieresta  to  maintain  it.     But,  unl'orta- 

reaaun  for  specifying  the   former  than  nately,  these  differeDces  of  opinion  in 

the  latter,   if  it   was  intended   that  it  relation  to  the  powers  of  the  General 

ehoald  be  exercised  by  the  federal  go*-  Government  are  not  to  be  settled  bj 

emmeni.     But  all  admit  that  powers  the  eatabliahment  of  lair  and  rational 

which  are  necesaary  or  proper  fur  the  rules  for  the  conatructioD  of  the  conali- 

use  of  a  specified  power,  may  be  im-  tntion.     If  the  objects  of  inquiry  with 

plied,  if  that  conatrjclion  harmoniiee  both  parties  wers  confined  to  the  dis- 

with  the  great  and  acknowledged  oh-  corery  of  these  rules,  their  differerieM 

Jecta  of  the'  conitituiion.     Tbe  limits-  might  be  easily  adjusted,  but,  nnhappi- 

tion,  therefore,  which  is  imposed  by  the  ly,  the  real  grounds  of  sepsraiion  be- 

Republican   creed    upon    the    implied  tween  them  have  a  much  deeper  faun- 

ewers  is,  that  this  conatnietion  luuat  dation.    They  differ  in  their  views  ta 

rmoniae  with  the  whole  instrument  to  the  nature  of  the  gOTcmment  which 

aitd  its  general  inteolion.    The  power,  it  would  be  most  proper  to  establish, 

when  Ihua  lairly  implied,  must  be  used  And   as   a   msn   inclinea  to  tbe  gor- 

boikfc  fide,  for  the  aingle  purpoaeof  ex-  eroment   of   the    few    or    the    many, 

erciaing  the  priocipal  of  wtuch  it  ia  an  he    is    perhaps  too  apt  to   lean  to  a 

ineideiit,aDd  notfurolherobjects, which  broad    or    strict    construction   of   the 

are  foreign  to  that  purpose,  however  constitution,    in    relation  to  the  pow- 

dsairable  in  themselTes.  era  of  the  General  GoTsrnment,   for 

The  powera  thus  derived  by  implies-  in   this,   as  in  other  cases,  the   wish 

^OD  must  be  both  necessary  and  proper;  is  often  father  to  the  thought.    That 

and  '*  proper"  here  ia  manifestly  award  those  who  distrust  popular  guTcmment 

of  Umitaiion.     The    esereise   of  this  have  always  inclined  to  this  lalitudina- 

imptied  power  must  he  proper  in  view  rian  construotion  is  a  fact  folly  proved 

of  all  the  conaidsraliona  of  the  consti-  by  our  past  political  history,  and  that 

tution,  its  clearly  expressed  grants  and  the  limitations  upon  the  trust  confided 

limitations,  and  its  general  spirit  and  to  this  joiot  agent   were  designed  for 

intention.     It  must  be  "proper,"  too,  the   very   purposes   of  rendering  this 

in  reference  to  all  the  parties  to  the  form  of  governmeatcoQsistent  with  the 

compact,  and  their  constitutional  poei-  rights  of  the  people,  and  the  protectiun, 

tioQ   in   relatioa    to   each   other.     To  peace  and  harmony  ofthe  States,  may 

theseconsiderations  this  word  "proper"  be  easily  msde  obvious. 
points  as  the  boundaries  within  whioh         Any  attempt,  when  our  constitution 

Congress  must  exercisa  iu  sound  dia-  waa  formed, to  have  embraced  so  many 

crelion,  in  the  selection  of  the  means  vaiioua  intoresta,  and  so  great  a  popu- 

wbieh  shall  give  the  Federal  Govern-  latiou  and  extent  of  territory,  under  one 

ment  the  full  nae  of  its  own  specified  popular      government,    concentrating 

powera,  without  impairing  the  rights  within  itself  all  the  powers  of  a  com- 

olearly  reserved   to  tbe  States.      To  plete   government,   would    have   been 

ehow  that  this  strict  mode  (aa  it  has  manifestly  absurd.     There  was  nothing 

been  termed)  of  construing  ths  clause  in  past  experience,  or  in  soood  politieu 

S'ving  the  implied  powera,  would  ena-  tiieory,  to  have  warranted  such  an  ex- 

»  the  General  Government  to  attain  periment.      The   first   condition   of  a 

'Ailly  its  two  leading  objects,  as  hereto-  popular  government  is,  that  thoas  who 

fore  explained,  would  take  us  beyond  are  to  be  afieoted   by  a  law  shall  con- 

the  proper  limita  of  this  essay,  and  into  tiol  it  either  mediately  or  immediately, 

the  history  of  the  practical  issnes  be-  Now  in   anoh  a   government   as  that 

tween  the  parties  of  the  past  and  pre-  supposed,  it  is  manifest  that  laws  would 

aent  time.     But  although  that  inquiry  ofien  be  enacted  whioh  would  affect  a 

is  impossible  here,  we  willingly  trust  part  only,  whilst  tfaey  were  controlled 

to  the  sentenoe  which   any   itnpartial  by  tbe  whole,  moat  of  whom  had  do 

ud  accurate  examiner  will  pronounce,  knowledge  of  the  circumatances  which 

t&K  ha  has  made  thaeomtin;  for  bin*  ahonld  have  governed,  and  coold  ''*t<^~'^i-vi-\[/ti 


S30        Tntt  Theory  and  PhiloiopAy  a/  our  SytUm  of  Oovitimunl.     jSept. 

no  ahkre  ia  tbe  Bafferiaga  vhioh  they  Sute*,  wboae  people  were  hoiiiog«>»- 

migbt  ocGEiuon.     The  only  idea  npon  ous  ia  relation  to  them,  and  nhen  aep- 

which  popular  goTernmenta  are  fouod-  irate   and  eicliuive    maoagemeat   of 

ed  would  thuB  be  TiolGUed.    To  attain  Ihem  was  libel]'  to  be  the  beat,  at  titt 

thia  end  it  is  also  necessary  that  those  tame  lime  that  it  was  rendered  compatir 

who  enact  a  law  should  be  reBponsible  ble  with  the  just  rights   of  the  other 

onlj   to  the   people   whom    that    law  States,  hj  certain  limitationB  upon  the 

affects,  which  is  impossible  when  the  separate  governmeuts,  imposed  on  the 

whole  controls  what  affects  only  a  part,  coastiiution  itself.     To  the  extent  that 

To  maintain  popular  sovereignty  in  a  our   syslem  of  gorernment  classified 

government   it   is    essential  that    the  the  joint  action  of  the  people  accordiog 

people  shonld  exercise  bd  intelligeat  to   their   bomogeneoos    ioteresta,   the 

and    superintending    care   over    their  principle  of  self-interest  was  made  to 

lepresentalivea,  for  without  such  vlgi-  enforce  the  rule  of  doing  as  they  would 

lance  they  are  ooastantly  liable  to  de-  be  done  by,  in  their  relaliiHis  with  eseli 

cepiion,  aad  the  laws  are  not  emani^  other,  which  is  the  highest  aehieveoient 

tione  from  their  will.    Now  this  speeiee  in  practical  gorernmenL     By  this  con- 

of  superintendeaee  would  have  been  trivance,  the   people  of  New  York, 

manifestly  impossible  in  a  gOTernment  whilst  they  shared,  Ibroogh  the  geoeial 

embracing  interests  so  vast  and  com-  goTemmeat,  in  the  just  control  of  inter- 

pl'oaied   as  that  just  supposed.     The  est  oummon  to  all  the  States,  which 

peopleof  all  theStates  would  oflen  pajs  were  simple  and  few,  would  find  it  nft* 

upon  subjects  which  affected  only  one,  eessary  to  consider  only  the  separate 

and  they  woald  either  act  carelesdy  inierestsofiheirparticularState,  which 

and  ignorantly  on  that  regard,  or  else,  they  alone  could  direct  and  of  whioh 

to  discharge  their  duties  property, Ihey  Lhey  had  a  peculiar  knowledge;  with 

would  be  forced  to  study  as  many  sul^  the    separate    interests   of   the   olhst 

jects  as  would  afford  ample  oceupation  Stales,  (hey  were  not  embaTraased,  as 

for  the  entire  attanlion  of  a  statesman,  they  would  have  lieea  under  one  great 

wholly  devoted  to  such  pursuits.     The  oonsolidated  government.     The  ditri- 

esseniial  limitation  upon   (he  capacity  sios  of  tibot  was  thus  made  to  accom- 

uf  a  people  for  self-government  is,  that  plish  as  much  in  the  political  as  in  (ha 

they  should  be  hom(%eneoue,ar  nearly  material  workshop.     The  whole  direc- 

so,  ia  relation  to  all  the  national  inter-  tion  of  all  the  functions  of  a  complete 

esta  confided  to  the  government  which  government  could  in  this  mode  be  ia- 

the;  are  about  to  direct, — a  oonsidera-  telligibly  submitted  to  the  people,  and 

tion  which  effectually  forbade  the  ex-  acting  by  parts,  they  promoted  all  the 

periment    of    a    single    consolidated  interests  of  the  whole.    A  svstem  of 

gOTernment  for  the  confederated  States,  government  was  thus   formed,  whioh 

To  make  popular  government  praedca-  was  capable  of  exteeding  with  (he  pro- 

ble,  under  such  cireomstancea,  and  to  gress  of  the  Anglo-American  popula- 

oonform   the  varioos   interests  of  our  lion,  without  jar  or  injury  to  the  ma- 

social  system   to    the   cousiderations  ohioery,  and  with  an  increase  of  iti 

just  mentioned,  was  the  arduous  under-  strength,  without  the  least  dlminutioa 

taking  of  our  forefathers.  of  its  efficiency. 

Their  mode  of  solving  this  diSioult  To  say  that  they  bad  My  acoom- 

problem  resulted  from  the  highest  con-  plished  all  their  objects,  would  be  t« 

ceptions   of  the   statesman,  and    may  claim  for   them   an   entire   exemption 

truly  be  said  to  belong  to  the  diviner  from  the  fallibility  of  human  agency, 

part  of  hie  art.     They  applied  to  oar  But  we  may  safely  say,  that  they  have 

political  aysiem  that  priaciple  of  aaa-  attained  them  to  a  wonderful  and  ua- 

lyais,  whioh   had   already   wrought  so  precedented  extent,  if  the  priooiples  of 

mach  in  physics,  and  aocomplished  re-  the  State  Rights  ^Jty  should  hereaf- 

Bultsas wonderfulasthey  wereprofound.  ter  govern  in  the  construction  of  (he 

They  claasiGed  the  vaiious  interests  of  Constitution.     That  the  popular  supre- 

t'le  Slates.  Beparating  (hose  Ibai  were  maoy  in  our  whole  system  could  only 

peculiar  to  each,  from  those  which  were  have  been  introduoed  by  the  division  at 

general   and   comcnon  to   the   whole;  power  betHean  the  Federal  and  State 

When  the  interesia  were  common  to  Governments,  is  obvious  on   the  least 

all,  all  were  jointly  associated  in  their  consideration ;  and  it  follows  of  eourse^ 

direction :  and  when  they  were  peculiar  that  it  is  only  to  be  preserved  by  guaid- 

or  separate,  they  were  eoofided  to  the  ing  that  distribution  with  religious  eara,- 


ooglc 


.IBM.]     TrtM  Thtoiy  and  PMosefky  of  otir  Sytttm  of  Oovonmmt.  SSI 

Bat  llMMwn*  not  th«  only  ends  which  goTernment,  it  minld  «e«in  to  be  easj 

wete  tteetatuj  to  be  atuioed  bjr  tbi*  lo  prevent  the  spolialionH  of  (he  Tew. 

diatribution  of  power.  Bat  the  lax-eonaumere  adminwier  the 

Dr.  PrankliD,  esrl^  in  the  HMion  of  gOTeinnieDt  chiefly,  enjoy  greater  op- 
the  Federal  Convention,  endeavored  to  poKunitiee  for  combiaatioo,  and  are 
strike  at  an  evil  which  he  feared  might  sninated  by  a  keener  inlereit  in  Iha 
ultimately  lead  us  to  mooarcby,  and  object  of  portait.  They  can  calculate 
which  he  aaid  bad  been  the  nniveiaal  upon  the  asaistanee  of  that  party,  al- 
atlendant  of  all  governments.  "  As  all  ways  existing  to  some  extent,  wbo  pre- 
hiaiory  inforine  oe,  there  hso  been  in  fer  the  government  of  the  few  to  that 
avery  state  and  kingdom,  a  comiant  of  the  many-  They  can  enliit,  too,  one 
kind  of  warfsie  between  the  governing  portiooof  the  people  to  plunder  another, 
and  governed,  the  one  atriving  to  ob-  andtheyincreaaa their mercenarycarps 
lain  more  for  its  sopport,  and  the  otber  by  every  anequal  law  which  conferB  oo 
to  pay  lew.  And  thie  has  alone  oecs-  some  favored  class  a  pectiliar  privilege, 
sioned  great  convulaiona,  aetoal  civil  or  more  than  they  pay  in  return.  Hera 
ware,  endtng  either  in  dethroning  the  is  the  great  source  of  conflict  under 
princes  or  enslaving  the  people.  Gene-  which  all  governments  have  inffHred, 
rally  indeed,  the  ruling  power  carries  and  from  which  most  of  them  have 
its  point,  the  levenaea  of  priocea  eon-  decayed.  Whenever  the  ts.x-consuia- 
Btanily  increasing,  and  we  aee  that  ing  party  acquires  the  supremacy  in  a 
tfaej  are  never  tatiafied,  but  always  in  govervment,  its  period  of  decline  coro- 
want  of  more.  The  more  the  people  mences,  and  will  terminate  in  utter 
are  diacontented  with  the  oppression  of  ruin,  nnlesa  force  intervenes  to  prevent 
taxes,  the  greater  need  the  prince  has  it.  In  popalar  govemraente,  these 
of  money  to  distribute  among  his  parti-  conflicts  are  especially  dangeroua. 
■snt,  and  pay  the  troops  that  are  to  sup-  The  objects  of  these  govemmenli  are 
press  all  leBJatance,  and  enable  him  to  first  defeated,  and  then  the  popular 
plunder  at  pleasDie."  We  will  not  here  powers  perish  with  them,  either  through 
attempt  to  decide  upon  the  core  which  the  direct  nsarpstion  of  the  few,  or  the  ' 
he  proposed,  but  there  is  certainly  pro-  anxiety  of  the  people  to  take  refuge, 
fiioad  wisdom  in  his  view  of  the  evil,  even  in  monarchy,  against  the  evils  of 
Mr.  Hadiaon,  in  the  same  CoDventiun,  auch  an  oligarchy.  Our  government 
often  adverted  to  the  difference  in  na-  is  particularly  eipoaed  to  thia  danger, 
tional  iotereata,  as  the  source  of  the  from  those  difTerencea  between  its  Bee- 
greatest  danger  to  the  Confedetaoy.  tional  interests,  which  excited  Mr. 
Both  were  right  in  their  views  to  a  Mudison'a  apprehenBiona.  The  tax- 
great  extent,  and  a  palliation,  if  not  a  cooauming  puiy  readily  seize  upon 
remedy  for  these  evils,  was  indispensa-  ^ese  di&erences,  to  enlist  whole  seo- 
bly  DecesaaiT  as  a  safe-guard  to  our  in-  ticns  of  the  confederacy  under  their 
stitntions.  There  exists  in  every  gov-  banner,  by  affording  them  a  share  of 
emment,  no  matter  how  constituted,  the  plunder,  under  the  specious  pre- 
whether  representative  or  not,  a  differ-  texts  which  are  'used  to  disguise  une- 
ence  of  interests  between  the^oucmin;  qual  and  nnjusl  legislation.  The  pairo- 
Mtd  the  governed— oi  aa  a  high  living  nage,  the  powers,  the  spoils  of  the 
aothiiriCy  has  more  amply  described  it,  apleudid  govenimenl  which  thsy  di- 
thers exists  in  all  governments,  "  a  tax-  lect,  are  dispanaed  to  buy  off  the  lead- 
paying  and  a  tax-coasuming  party" —  era,  or  divide  the  popular  party  itself. 
the  latter  deriving  more  from  Ibe  taxes  These  stakes  may  become  ao  splendid 
than  they  contribute  towards  it,  and  the  that  parties  will  play  tor  them  alone, 
Ibrmer  paying  more  than  they  receive  and  divide  no  longer  upon  moral  and 
io  retnm  in  the  shape  of  money.  politiosl    coDsiderations  which    relate 

It  is  the  interest  of  the  tax-consumer  only  to  the  common  good.  Once  die- 
to  increase  the  taxes  upon  which  he  turb  the  equilibrium  which  equal  laws 
lives — it  is  the  interest  of  the  lax-payer  maintain  in  a  aociety,  and  its  inslito- 
to  diminish  them  to  the  sum  indlspen-  tiona,  if  popular  in  their  form,  decline 
sable  fur  the  establishments  which  are  from  that  moment ;  and,  although  its 
neceaaary  to  secure  the  moral  advan-  firat  atages  may  be  easy,  and  nearly 
tages  of  government,  which  is  the  only  insensihle,  yet,  if  not  arrested  in  the 
consideration  that  he  receives.  The  beginning,  they  will  continue  to  accu- 
tax-payers  being  the  most  nnmeroos,  mulate  velocity,  ootil  they  are  precipi- 
aiid  entitled  to  most  power  in  a  papular  tated  in  rains.    These  evile,  so  clearly/-  ~-  ^-.  ^  -,  [^ 


Trme  Tieory  and  PhiiMi^  of  omr  SytUm  tf  GmwmmmU.      [S^ 
bf  Ike  fmnsn  of  the  coorti-    tha  Sun  mad  Fedenl  gvrttameataaxu 


IntiOD,  won  ^uded  agaiiut   in  tinl  tliaa  diridm],  uid  ■ 

inatrament,  ud  we   baie  ia  it  every  ri«aJe  sod  aenlinelB  apoa  eMsK  otbor; 

■ecarity   agaiEwt   them   which   faamui  the  chaocea  for  uae<|uml  legislatiaa  in 

wiadoED  could  deriae,  if  we   will  odIj  4he  branch  where  there  ia  boM  danger 

adhere  to  it  faithfullj.     Theae  leme-  of  the  go*erniDeal  of  the  few,  an  di- 

dicB  consiat  ia  the  diotribution  of  powei  miniahed  oa  far  sa  paaetUe  by  the  lint- 

beiweea  the  States  and  Geoeial  Gut-  tatiotiB  apon  iia  poweia ;   ibe  labor  ef 

emment.  To  guard  against  tbeae  combi-  eaperintending  Uie  whole  opentioM  of 

natiDoa  ia  the  latter,  whea,  alone,  they  go*emnieat  is  thne  fteililaied,  by  di- 

eonld  be  extcDaifely  injuiioas,  the  field  riding  it  amongat  the  peo|te  wbo  not 

of  operations  is  limited,  as  far  as  waa  together  or  by  puta,  accoidiiig  to  the 

possible.     That  goreinraent  was  coo-  extent  of  their  iMnar^getieonB  iaierests, 

fioed   to  a  few  great  and  leading  ab-  and  a  citadel  ready  garrisoned  it  fiuw 

jeets,  in  relation  to  which  the  people  niabed  in-  each  ^late  fin  the  defence  «f  | 

of  all  the  States  were  nearly  bomoge-  pt^lar  rigfaia  generally,  and  of  its  own  j 

neous.     The  oppottaoities  for  uaequal  aepstate  and  peculiar  iotereala.     It  ia  I 

legislation,   and  the  chances  for  see-  no  longer  aarpristng,  that  tboee  who  ' 

tional  diBputea,«erelhaa  diminished.  A  prefer   the   goTernment   of   the    few,  I 

Mrict  reaponsibility  of  the  repreaent*-  should    oppose   a  system  which    pis-  1 

tire  to  the  people,  was,  in  a  great  mea-  Mrrea  a  popular  Mrongbold  in  ea^ 

•are,  secured  by  confining  tiiin  to  oh-  Stale.     They  cannot  change  the  Ibrm 

}ects,    in  which    bit  own    immediate  or   spirit   of  oat   gOTerumeot,   except 

eonstituenls  bad  a  direct  interest  in  hie  through  the  tas-eoiwDiBing  party,  nd 

legialation,  and  in  his  legislating  justly,  therefore,  they  deaire  by  conaiructioa 

The  work  of  soperTiiing  the  lepreaen-  to  remoie  ^1  the  obstacles  to  aoeqnal 

tstiies,  was  made  easy  to  the  pet^le  legislation  in  the  general  govemDMOt, 

I7  dividing   the   labor,  and  giring  to  and  to  strengthen  particular  claases  or 

those  uf  eajch  State  the  exclnsiie  guard-  interests,  through  whom  they  may  cany 

ianship  of  their  own  separate  iatereals,  on    a    social   war   with   the    masses. 

which  they  best  nndersiood.   To  dimin-  Above  all,  it  is  isdispensoble  to  tbeh 

ish  t«mpt3tiona  to  a,  selfish  ambition,  ends  to  destroy,  as  far  aa  possible,  tho 

the  General  Government  was  stripped  power  and  importanceoftbeStalegoT- 

of  all  unnecessary  patronage,  and  as  far  eroraent*,  of  thp  separate  States ;  for 

as  was  consistent  with  the  two  great  they   are,   whilst  matnuined,  the  im- 

ends  of  the  asaooiation,  heretofore  de-  pregnable  funresses  of  popdar  power,  , 

scribed,  the  distribution  of  honors  and  ready  for  legal  and  organised  resiatance  '      ' 

office  was  left  to  the  States,  that  they  to  ntiurpation,  come  from  what  quarter  ' 

might  have  something  with  which  to  it  may.     The  demooratic  party,  on  the 

reward  their  own  favorites  and  especial  other  hand,  who  deaire  the  gorernnieirt 

friends.     Every  proTision  which  could  of  the  many,  have  the  stiongeat  indueo- 

be  inserted  in  the  constitution  to  di-  ments  to  maintain  the  just  and  consti- 

minish  the  chances  of  unequal  legisla-  lutional  division  of  power  between  thq 

tion,  it  contains ;  and  the  organic  strnc-  Federal  and  Slate  governmeula,  and  to 

tnre  of  the  General  Governmeat  itself  require   both  to  be  adminiMered  upon 

is  such   as  to  distribute  ita   influence  fair  and  equal  principles, 
apon  just  tenns  amongst  the  Siatea,        It  is  in  uneqnal  legislation  that  the 

and  to  prevent  the  enacunent  of  any  tax-consuming  party  lives,  and  move*, 

law    whiefa  does   not   combine  a  ma-  andhasitsbeingisnd wbetfaerthatl^ii- 

Jority  of  the  people,  and  of  the  Statet  laiioa  operates  unequally  upon  BMIiont, 

of  the  confederacy.      &bove   all,  the  olasses,  or   individuals,   its   effect,  al- 

people   of   each  State   are   organised  though  diOareni  in  iia  degree,  is  the 

with  a  separate  government,  to  guard  saoie  in   its   nature.      The  man   who 

its  peculiar  interests,  and    to    warn  chiefly  desires  to  preserve  the  rights  of 

its   people   of  any   breach  of  treat  in  the  States,  and  ha  whose  interests  are 

the  jumi  agency,  or  of  any  oiher  dan-  eunoentraied  in  perpetuating  the  rale 

ger  which  may  threai«n  them.    It  ia  of  the  many,  mast,  under  our  political 

this  diviMon  of  the  Aincttons  of  a  com-  system,  nse  tbe  same  means  to  attain 

plete  govern ment  between  two,  which  their  ends.     There  is  a  necessary  con- 

baseDected  the  wooden  of  our  politieal  nection  between  the  two,  and  a  house 

system.    The  tax-consuraiDg  paniea  in  is  divided  against  itself,  when  they  a» 
[Cenduded  on  page  Z30.     In  Ike  pojiage  of  thi*  Nvmber  thrmgh  tkt  fret»t_ 

iki*  ipaet  wot  lejl,  to  be  fiiled  in  teilA  lAu  arlicU  ;  but  overrumung  the  *p^  Of^O  \c 

rtterved  for  tl,  and  not  admitting  of  cwlaiiment,  U  Ad*  bten  deemed  btitVi^^^S,  'S- 
ratu/er  the  coitetuding  page  to  the  end  of  the  Nwniir.]  I 


m*  Bridal  of  Petmaeooi, 
THE  BRIDAL  OF  PENNACOOK." 


Wa  had  been  wftodeiiaR  hi  manj  dajs 

ThioDgh  the  rough  norlhera  couatr;.     We  had  aeon 

The  aunMt,  nitb  its  ban  of  parple  clond 

Like  *  Dew  heaiBo,  shine  upwaid  fiom  the  l&ke 

Of  Winnepiseogee  ;  and  had  gone, 

With  Bunnse  breezea,  round  the  leafy  isles 

Wbicb  stoop  their  EnmmeT  beauty  to  the  lips 

Of  the  bright  wateia.     We  had  checked  oar  steeda, 

Silent  with  wonder,  where  the  mennlain  wall 

la  piled  10  heaven  ;  and,  through  the  narrow  rift 

Of  the  Taat  roelca,  against  whose  rugged  feat 

Beats  the  nud  torrent  with  perp«tuat  loar, 

Wbeie  noonday  is  as  twilight,  and  the  wind 

Cmnea  burdened  vith  the  STei'laating  moan 

Of  forests  snd  of  &r-off  water-ftilia, 

We  had  looked  upward  where  the  summer  akjr, 

ReaUng  its  baaea  on  the  abutting  crags, 

Sprang  it«  light  arofa,  ana-gilded  and  aerene, 

AcToaa  the  deep  abysai.    We  had  pused  ' 

The  high  source  of  the  Saco ;  and,  bewildered 

In  the  dwarf  apruee-bella  of  the  Crystal  UiUa 

Had  heard  aboTe  us,  like  a  voice  in  tbe  cloud. 

The  horn  of  Fabyan  sounding ;  and  atop 

Of  old  Agioochook  had  seen  the  mountains 

Piled  to  the  northward,  shagged  wiih  wood,  and  ihiek 

Aa  meadow  mole- bills— the  far  sea  of  Casco 

A  while  gteam  on  the  horizon  of  the  east; 

Fair  lakes,  emhoFomed  in  the  woods  and  bills ; 

Mooaehiilock'a  mountain -range,  and  Kearaarge 

Lifling  hia  Titan  forehead  u>  the  sun  ! 

And  we  had  rested  nndemeath  the  oaks 

Shadowing  the  bank,  whose  grassv  spires  are  shaken 

By  the  perpetual  beating  of  tne  fills 

Of  the  wild  Ammonooaue.    We  had  tracked 

The  winding  PenigewHset,  o*erhnng 

By  beeehen  ahadowa,  whitenii^  down  its  TO«ka, 

Or  luUy  gliding  ibroiigh  its  interrala, 

From  waving  rye-fields  sending  op  the  gleam 

Of  sunlit  noteis.    We  had  seen  the  moon 

Riaing  behind  Umbagog''s  eastern  pines 

Like  a  ^at  Indian  camp-fire  ;  aad  its  beams 

Al  midnight  spanning  with  a  btidge  of  silrer 

The  Merriniac  by  Uncanoonnc's  tails. 

*  Winnepnrbit,  otherwise  railed  George,  Sachem  of  Saugn^,  married  a  daoghter 
of  Pataaeonaway,  the  great  Pennaeook  chienaio,  in  ]6^2.  The  wpdiling  look  plaee 
al  Pennacook  (now  Coneonl,  N.  H.),  and  the  ceremonies  closed  with  a  great  feast. 
Aecording  to  Ibc  ugages  of  the  ehieh,  Pastaeonamiy  ordered  a  eelecl  namber  of  bis 
men  to  accomiisny  the  uewJy-mairied  conple  lo  the  dwelling  of  the  hushand,  whera 
is  Inm  tbrre  was  anolher  great  feast.  Some  time  aOer,  the  wife  of  Winnepu^kit 
npreasiDg  a  deaire  to  visit  berfktber'a  bona*,  was  permitted  to  go  aecompsnied  by  a 
hraveeacort  of  her  hiuband's  chief  men.  Bat  when  she  wished  to  return,  herfslher 
seat  a  messenger  t«  Saugns,  informing  her  husband,  and  asking  him  lo  come  and  lake 
her  away.  He  returned  !br  answer  that  he  had  eeeorled  hts  wife  lo  her  father's 
house  in  Ihe  strle  Ihet  became  a  chief,  and  that  aow  if  (he  wished  to  relam,  her 
fUha  mnst  seM  her  back  in  the  same  way.  This  Passaconsway  refuied  to  do,  and 
It  is  said  that  hera  terminated  tke  (oaaeiioii  of  Un  newly-weddcd  pair.— ff  Jt  JVer- 
tm^t  2ftiB  Camaat. 

VOL.  IV. — wo.   IXIT.  16 


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ThSK  ware  Sto  aoola  of  aa  whom  t»*<4'*  ehasee 

Had  thiDWD  logeiber  in  these  wild  north  hillt  :— 

A  city  iRwyer,  foi »  nioDtb  escaping 

From  hiB  doll  office,  where  the  weary  eye 

Skw  only  hot  briok  wkHb  ind  close  thronged  streeta— 

BrMteM  u  yet,  but  with  an  eye  to  see 

life's  MiBnie«t  aide,  and  with  a  heart  to  take 

ItB  obuiees  all  a«  God  Bends  \  and  bia  brother. 

Pale  fVomlonK  pulpit  Mi)diee,yet  Tetainio)^ 

The  warmth  and  (rMhaeaa  of  a  genial  heart, 

WhoM  mirror  of  the  beaudful  and  true. 

Id  Mu  and  Natare,  was  as  yet  undiramed 

By  dcBt  of  theologie  strife,  or  breath 

Of  Beet,  or  oobweba  of  seholaetie  late  -. 

LiJie  a  clear  crystal  cahn  of  water,  laUng 

The  hue  and  image  of  o'er-lesniog  flowers, 

Sweet  haman  ftccs,  while  cloads  oFthe  bouD, 

Slant  Btarlight  gtimpaes  throagh  the  dewy  leates. 

And  tendereat  mooorise.    Twaa,  in  truth,  a  study. 

To  mark  hu  apirit,  alMmating  between 

A  dBcent  and  prDreBBi<»ial  gravity 

And  an  irreferent  mirthfuttieas,  which  ofteo 

Laughed  in  the  face  of  hia  diTinity, 

PlacKed  off  the  saered  ephod,  quite  anshrined 

The  oracle,  and  for  tbe  pattern  priest 

Left  n*  the  man.     A  shrewd,  Bagaciaus  merehant. 

To  whom  the  soiled  aheet  found  in  Crawford's  inn, 

Gifiag  tbe  latest  news  of  city  stocks 

Aad  aaJea  of  cotton,  had  a  deeper  meaning 

Thao  the  great  presence  of  the  awfal  monotunB 

Glorified  ^  the  sunset ; — and  his  danghler, 

A  delicate  flower  on  whom  had  blown  too  lon^ 

Those  evil  winds,  which,  sweeping  from  the  ice 

And  wionowioK  the  fogs  of  Labrador, 

Bhed  their  cold  bligb>  loond  Massachosetta'  bay. 

With  the  saute  breath  which  stirs  Spring's  opening  leavei 

And  lifts  her  half-formed  flower-bell  on  ita  stem, 

Poisoning  oar  eea-aide  atmoaphere. 

It  chaneed 
That  aa  we  tnrDed  opon  our  homeward  nay, 
A  dreat  noith-eastem  storm  came  howling  np 
The  Talley  of  the  Saoo;  aad  that  girl 
Who  had  stood  with  na  npon  Mount  Washington, 
Her  browo  locks  mffled  by  the  wind  which  whirled 
In  goata  annud  ita  ahaip  cold  pinnaale. 
Who  bad  joioed  our  gay  troal-fwhing  in  the  streams 
Which  lave  that  giant's  feet ;  whose  laugh  was  heard 
like  a  bird's  carol  on  the  suailse  breeze 
Which  swelled  our  sail  amidst  the  lake's  ^een  idaads. 
Shrank  from  its  harsh,  chtU  breath,  and  visibly  drooped 
Ijlte  a  flower  in  tbe  tjost.     So,  in  that  quiet  inn 
Which  looks  from  Conway  on  the  mouniaios  piled 
HMTily  against  the  horiaon  of  tbe  noHh, 
like  somcMr  thundeT'oloiids,  we  made  our  heme ; 
And  while  the  raiai  brag  over  dripping  hills, 
Aitd  tbe  cold  wind-drireD  raia'dr<nM  ul  day  long 
BeM  their  sad  moaia  «|Kn  roof  and  pane. 
We  Btmie  to  cbsn  Mr  gentle  invalid. 

The  lawyer  in  the  pauses  of  the  ctorm 
Went  angling  down  tbe  Saco,  and  rrtaming, 


iy  Google 


TA*  DtmU  q^  AmmmuI. 

fUoottOMd  bia  idTentnTe*  *,vA  muhsp* ; 

G*Te  «■  the  hiBtoiy  of  bis  icaly  clieaU 

Hio^iDS  with  Indicroii*  ;et  apt  ciutionB 

Of  MrfaaroBi  Ibt  latin,  pMsagea 

From  Iiuk  Walum't  Angler,  iweet  and  fr«rii 

Ab  the  AowK-Ained  Btroanw  of  Siaffi>rd*lure 

When  under  tiged  ttee«,  the  Muth-waai  viod 

Of  Boft  Jnne  motnings  fumed  the  thin  irbit«  bur 

or  the  Bife  fiBher.    And,  if  tnith  be  tM, 

Osr  yonthful  oadidato  forsook  hia  wrmima, 

Hia  oonuiieDtariea,  artiolef  and  oraedi 

For  the  fair  ftgp  of  hutnaa  loteliBM* — 

Tbe  miaul  of  Tounf  hearta,  whoae  aaerad  text 

la  mnaie,  tu  iUaraiainf  sweet  •roiles. 

He  Bang  the  am^a  Am  loved  ;  sad  in  hia  low. 

Deep  MiiMM  Toiee,  Moiced  mo;  »  p«ge 

Of  poetry— the  holieU,  Mnderaat  tioes 

Of  the  lad  bard  of  OImj— «be  sweet  aoags, 

Sin^  and  beautiful  sb  TnUJi  and  Nature, 

Of  hia  wboae  whitened  hteke  on  Rvdal  Hocmt 

Are  ILAed  yet  b;  tnarBing  breeies  blowiDg 

From  the  green  bills,  immoTtaj  in  bis  lays. 

And  fui  myself,  obedient  to  her  with, 

I  searched  our  landlord's  proSered  library  : 

A  wen-thombed  Banyan,  with  its  nice  wood  pifiturea 

Of  Bcaly  fiends  and  BUgela  not  nnliks  IhsDi — 

Watts*  aamelodioaa  paalras — Astrology'a 

Last  home,  a  amity  file  of  Almanacs, 

And  an  old  chronicle  of  border  war* 

And  Indian  history.     And,  as  I  read 

A  story  of  tbe  nurtiage  of  the  Chief 


tiagoD' 
o^yV 


OrSangHBlo  tbe  dosEy  Weetamoo, 


Oiir  &ir  oas,  in  tiie  playful  ezereiae 

Of  her  pren^^ire — the  right  diviae 

Of  yoalh  and  beauty,  bads  us  Teraify 

His  legend,  and  with  ready  peneil  aketehed 

Its  plan  and  oatlinea,  laugbra^y  aaslgniDg 

To  each  his  part,  and  barring  oor  •zoueae 

With  abeolnte  will.    So,  like  the  oanliers 

Whose  Toicea  still  are  heard  in  the  Rooianee 

Of  silrer-tongaed  Bocoaoio,  on  the  banks 

OfAroo,  with  soft  tatss  of  love  beguiling 

The  ear  of  languid  beauty,  plsgus-esiled 

Ft«m  stately  Florence,  we  rehearsed  our  rhymes 

To  their  fair  anditor,  and  shared  by  tarns 

Her  kind  approral  and  ber  ^dayfal  oensnr«. 

It  may  be  that  ihsae  fngmsnts  owe  atone 
To  the  fair  setting  of  their  circa  metan  ess— 
The  associaiiont  of  time,  tcene  and  audience — 
"Their  place  among  the  pictures  which  fill  up 
Ths  chambers  of  my  memory.     Tet  I  trust 
That  some,  who  sigh,  while  wandering  in  thoaghl, 
Pilgrims  of  Romanes,  o'er  ths  olden  world, 
TiM  OUT  broad  land — our  sea-like  lakes,  and 
Filed  to  the  olouds, — onr  riTsrs  overhung 
By  forests  which  luve  known  no  other  change 
For  agos,  than  the  budding  and  the  fidi 

X  Talleys  loTolier  tbta  tkoae 


Digitized  by  GOOI^IC 


Tie  Btidtd  ofPemacooi.  [Sopt. 

Which  the  old  poets  aang  of— ihould  but  figure 

On  the  apocrjphal  chart  of  BpecuUtion 

Ab  paMurea,  wood-lots,  mill-Bitea,  with  theprivilogMi 

Rights  and  appurteoaDcea  which  make  op 

A  Yankee  Paradise — nDBung,  nnknown, 

To  beaatifal  tradition  ;  even  their  names, 


Exchanged  for  ayllablee  signiAc&at 

Of  cotton- mill  and  Tail-ear, — will  look  kindly 

Upon  this  effort  to  «b1I  op  the  ghost 

Of  onr  dim  Paal,  and  listen  with  pleaded  ear 

To  the  respoDBee  of  the  qneationed  Shade: 
I. — The  Mebriuace. 
Oh,  child  of  that  white-etesled  monntaia  whose  ^riogw 
Goah  forth  in  the  shade  of  the  ciiff-eBgle's  winga, 
Down  whose  sliqiea  lo  the  luiriands  thf  wild  waters  shine, 
Leaping  grej  walla  of  rock,  flaalung  throagk  Ibe  dwnf  piM. 
From  that  dond-eartained  Cradle  so  cold  and  so  lone. 
From  the  arms  of  that  wictrr-locked  mother  of  stone, 
Bj  hills  hang  with  foTests,  through  vales  wide  and  free,     . 
Thy  monnlaiD-born  brightneBs  glanced  down  to  the  sea! 
No  bridge  arohed  tbj  waters  sare  that  irtiere  the  trees 
Stretched  their  long  aims  above  thee  and  kiised  in  the  breese  : 
No  eoend  save  Ihe  l^se  of  the  waves  on  thj  ehoree, 
Tlie  ponging  of  otlern,  the  light  dip  of  oars. 
Green-tnfted,  oak-ahadowed,  hj  AmoBkeag's  fUI 
Thy  twin  UncanooDDCS  rose  stately  and  tall, 
Tby  Nashns  meadows  lay  green  and  ansbora, 
And  the  hills  of  Pentacket  were  taaselled  with  com. 
Bat  thy  Fennaeook  valley  was  fairer  than  these. 
And  greener  its  grasses  acd  taller  its  trees. 
Ere  the  soend  ofan  axe  in  the  forest  had  rang, 
Or  the  mower  his  aoythe  in  the  msadows  badswung. 
In  their  Weltered  repose  looking  oat  from  the  wood 
The  hark-bailded  wigwams  of  Pennacook  stood, 
There  glided  the  oom-danoe — tht  Council  fire  shone, 
And  against  the  red  war-poat  the  hatchet  was  thrown. 
There  the  old  smoked  in  silence  their  pipes,  and  the  young 
To  the  pike  and  the  white  perch  their  bailed  lines  flung; 
There  ths  boy  shaped  his  arrows,  and  there  the  shy  maid 
Wove  her  many-hued  baskets,  and  bright  wampum  braid. 
Oh,  Stream  of  the  Monntains!  if  answer  of  thine 
Coald  rise  from  thy  waters  to  qaestion  of  mine, 
Hetbinks  through  the  din  of  thy  Ihroaged  hanks  a  moan 
Of  sorrow  wonid  swell  fo^  the  days  which  have  gone. 
Not  for  thee  the  dall  jar  of  the  loom  and  the  wheel, 
Tbe  gliding  of  shuttles,  the  ringing  of  steel ; 
Bat  mat  old  voiee  of  waters,  of  bird  and  of  breese. 
The  dip  of  the  wild-fowl,  the  mstling  of  trees  ! 
II.— Tbb  BASBin*.* 
litrr  we  the  twilight  curtains  of  the  Past, 
And  tnrnbg  (mm  familiar  sight  and  soondi 


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The  Brid^  of  Petuucooi. 

SmUj  and  fnU  of  roYereiics  let  db  cut 
A  gluice  opon  Tnditioo'a  •hadowj'  ground, 

Led  bj  the  f«w  pale  liKhKi  which  ghmmariag'  rtmti, 
Thftt  dim,  Blr&tige  laitd  of  Eld,  aecm  djing  &*t ; 

And  tbKt  which  hiatonr  gives  not  to  the  eye. 

The  bded  coloring  bf  Time's  tkpMtry, 

Let  Fane  J,  with  her  dream-dipped  brush,  eapplj. 

Roof  of  bark  and  walli  of  pine, 

Thraugh  wfaoce  ehioks  the  soobeam*  ahine, 

Tracing  loanj  a  golden  line 

On  the  ample  floor  wilhio ) 
Where  npoD  that  earth-floor  atark, 
La^  ^le  gaudy  roals  ef  bark. 
With  ^e  bear's  hide,  rough  and  dark, 

And  the  red-deer's  skio. 

Winder- tracery,  smaU  and  slight. 
Woven  of  the  willow  white, 
Sent  a  dioilf-ehsqaersd  light. 

And  the  nighi-stacs  glimmered  down, 
Where  the  lodge-Gre's  heavy  smoke, 
Slowly  through  an  opening  broke, 
III  the  low  roof,  ribbed  with  oak, 

Sheathed  with  hemlock  brown. 

Q  loomed  behind  the  cfaangeleas  shade, 
Bt  the  solemn  pine- wood  made ; 
Throngh  the  rugged  palisade. 

Id  the  open  fore-gioand  planted, 
Glimpseecame  of  rowers  rowing. 
Stir  of  leaves  and  wild  floners  blowing. 
Steel-like  gleams  of  water  lowing. 

In  the  sanlight  slanted. 


Here  the  mighty  Basbaba, 
Held  his  lons-nnqtiesIioDed  away, 
From  the  Wliite  Hills,  far  away. 

To  the  great  sea's  soondiog  shore  ; 
Chief  of  chiefs— his  regal  word 
All  the  river  Sachems  heard. 
At  his  call  the  war-dance  stirred. 

Or  was  still  once  more. 

There  his  spoils  of  chase  and  war. 
Jaw  of  wolf  and  black  bear's  paw. 
Panther's  skin  and  eagle's  claw, 

Lay  beside  his  axe  and  bow ; 
And  adown  the  roof-pols  hung, 
Loosely  on  a  anake-skin  strung. 
In  the  amoke  hie  scalp-locks  swung 

Grinly  to  and  fro. 

PaMaeooaway  seems  to  have  been  one  of  these  chid).  His  residence  was  at  PcnB»> 
tOtk.—Xvt.RiM.Col.,tol.  iii.,  pp.  21-2.  "  He  was  regarded,"  lays  Hahbard,  "U 
a  great  sorcerer,  and  his  fame  was  wideir  spread.  It  was  laid  of  him  that  he  could 
eansa  a  green  leaf  to  grow  in  winter,  treei  to  dance,  water  to  ban,  be.  He  was, 
imdoolitedlT,  ons  of  those  shrewd  and  powerTnl  men  whose  aehievementa  are  always 
r^arded  by  a  barbarous  people  as  tbc  retnlt  of  supematural  aid.  The  ladians  gave 
to  sach  the  names  of  Powahg  or  Panisees." 

«  The  PaniHei  are  men  of  great  courage  and  wiidome,  and  to  these  the  BctOI 
upeareth  more  familiarlv  than  to  others."— TFiatliiif't  Btlatiam,  /—>  I 

^^  ),,,i,zod=,Coogle 


n*  Bfidai  itf  PtmMeUk.  {Btft. 

Nightlj  dD«m  the  rirer  goii^, 
SoiAar  wfts  the  fanntet'i  rowiDg, 
Winn  btt  Mw  that  lodge-fira  RMwtng 

O'er  tk«  mUi*  nill  &im1  tm  ; 
And  tbe  sqtuw'i  dark  b;«  bniiwd  brtglitM, 
And  ibe  drew  hex  blanket  tighter, 
A«,  with  quicker  ««p  and  lighter. 
.  From  tliat  door  die  fled. 

For  that  chief  had  mafrie  ikill, 
And  a  Panisee'a  dark  will, 
Orer  poweta  of  good  and  iU, 

Power*  which  blesa  and  powera  which  ban— 
Wisard  lord  of  PeanaeotA, 
Chiafh  upon  their  wai-path  shook. 
When  (bej  met  the  ateadr  look 

Of  that  wiM  dark  man. 

Talea  of  him  the  grev  iqaaw  told. 
When  the  winter  night-wind  cold 
Pierced  her  blanket's  thickest  fold, 

Aad  the  fire  burned  low  and  small, 
Tilt  the  Tery  child  a-bed. 
Drew  its  bw-akin  otcc  head, 
Shrinking  from  the  pole  lights  abed 

On  the  darkening  wall. 

An  the  sobile  spirits  hiding 
Under  earth  01  wave,  abiding 
Id  the  oareroed  rock,  or  riding 

Miatj  cloud  or  morning  bteese  ; 
Kver;  dark  intelli^nce, 
Secr«t  eon],  and  inBuence 
Of  all  things  whiah  outward  sense 

Feels,  or  hears  or  sees, — 

Tbeae  the  wizard's  skill  confessed. 
At  hia  Udding  banned  or  bleaaed, 
Stormful  woke  or  lolled  to  rest 

Wind  and  ciond,  and  fire  and  flood ; 
Bnmed  for  him  the  drilled  enow. 
Bade  Ihroogh  ice  fresh  lilie*  blow, 
And  the  leaTss  of  summer  grow 

Otot  wiotei'a  wood ! 

Not  untme  that  tale  of  old! 
Now,  aa  then,  the  wise  and  bold 
All  the  powers  of  Nature  bold 

Subject  to  their  kingly  will ; 
From  the  wondering  crowds  aahore. 
Treading  Life's  wild  waters  o'er, 
Aa  opon  a  marble  floor. 

Mores  the  strong  man  atiU. 

Still,  to  encb,  life's  elements, 
With  their  sterner  laws  diapense, 
And  the  chain  of  consequence 

Broken  in  their  pathwa;  Ilea ; 
Time  and  change  their  vaaaals  making, 
Flowers  from  icj  pillowa  waking, 
Trmsea  of  the  aanrise  shaking 

Otot  midnigbt  skies. 


lizcdbyGoOl^Ic 


StQ],  to  wniMt  aonls,  tbe  awt 
It«aU  on  toweted  Gibeoo, 
And  the  imoii  of  Ajaloa 

Li^tita  the  battle- gioundA  of  life ; 
To  hia  ud  the  (troDg  tevettea 
Hidden  paw«nu«i  fiant  forces, 
And  the  high  elan  in  their  coanea 

Mingle  in  hia  atiife ! 


Tai  eoot-blsck  brows  of  men — tho  jell 

OF  women  thronging  round  the  bed — 
The  tiohling  cbatm  of  ring  and  ahell — 

The  Poinh  whispering  o'er  the  dead ! — 
All  thete  the  Sachem's  bome  bad  known, 

When,  on  her  jonrne;  long  and  wild 
To  the  dim  Wocid  of  Soula,  alone, 
la  her  yeang  beauty  paased  the  mother  of  hie  eUld. 

I%tee  bew-ehota  from  the  Sv^em'a  dwelling 

The;  laid  her  in  the  walnut  ahade, 
Where  a  ^en  hilloek  genti;  ewelliag 

Her  fitting  monnd  of  (nirid  made. 
There  trailed  the  Tine  in  Sumner  hours — 

The  Iree-perobed  squirrel  dropped  hie  ahell — 
On  Tehet  moss  and  pale-hued  flowere, 
Woren  with  leaf  aod  spray,  the  softened  snashiDe  fell  f 

The  Indian's  heart  is  hard  and  eold — 

It  oloses  darklr  o'er  itt  care. 
And,  fanned  in  Nature's  sternest  mould, 

Is  slow  to  feel,  and  strong  to  bear. 
The  war-paint  on  tbe  Sachem's  face, 

Unwel  with  tears,  sbooe  fierce  and  red, 
And,  itill  in  battle  or  in  chase, 
Drf  leaf  and  snow-rime  crisped  beneath  hia  foremoat  tread. 

Tet,  when  her  name  was  l^rd  no  more, 

And  when  the  robe  her  mother  gave, 
And  Mttall,  light  moccasin  she  wore. 

Had  slowly  wasted  on  her  grave. 
Unmarked  of  him  the  dark  maids  sped 

Their  sunset  dance  and  moon-lit  play  ; 
Mo  otiier  shared  his  lonely  bed, 
No  other  fkir  young  head  upon  hie  bosom  lay. 

A  lone,  stem  man.     Yei 

The  tern  pest- smitten 
From  one  small  root  tbe  sap  which  climbs 

Its  topmost  sivay  and  crowDing  leSTes, 
So  from  hie  child  the  Sachem  drew 

A  life  of  Love  and  Hope,  and  felt 
His  cold  and  rugged  natnre  through 
The  softness  and  the  warmth  of  hej:  young  being  melt. 

A  laugh  which  in  the  woodland  rang 

Bemocking  April's  gladdest  bird — 
A  light  and  graceful  form  wfaioh  sprang 

lo  meet  him  when  hia  step  was  be^^  ,—  i 

Digitized  by  LjOOI^IC 


The  Bridal  ef  Pmrtocooi.  [Sept. 

Ejei  b;  bis  lodge-fire  large  Mi  dtrk, 

Smiill  fingeni  stritisiiig  bead  and  Bhell 
Oc  weaving  maU  of  oright-hued  bark, — 
With  Uiew  the  hoatehold-god*  had  graced  his  wigwam  wdl. 

Child  of  the  Foreat ! — stroag  and  free  ; 

Slight-robed,  with  loosely  flowing  hair. 
She  awam  the  lake  or  climbed  the  tree, 

Or  struck  the  flying  bird  in  air. 
O'er  the  heaped  drifU  of  Winter'*  Btoon 

Her  snow-shoes  tracked  the  banter's  wa^y ; 
And  daizling  in  the  Summer  noon  ^ 

Tike  blade  of  her  light  oar  threw  off  its  shower  of  spraj  ! 

TJnkoowQ  to  her  the  rigid  rule, 

The  dnil  restraiol,  the  chiding  frown. 
The  weary  torture  of  the  achnol. 

The  taming  of  wild  natare  doWn. 
Har  only  lore,  the  legends  told 

Aronnd  the  hunter^  Sre  at  nigbt ; 
Stars  rose  and  set,  and  seaauns  rolled. 
Flowers  Uoomed  and  snow-flakes  fell,  uDqoMtioDed  in  faer  rigiL 

Unknown  to  her  the  eabtle  akill 

With  which  the  artfst-eje  can  tnee 
Id  rock  and  tree  and  lake  and  hill 

The  ootliQes  of  dirinest  graoe ; 
Unknown  the  fine  soul's  keen  vnreat 

Which  seea,  admitee,  yet  yeann  slway ; 
Too  cloael;  on  her  mother's  breast 
To  note  her  amiles  of  lo*e  the  child  of  Nature  la; ! 

It  ia  enoagh  for  aach  to  be 

Of  common,  natoial  things  a  part, 
To  feel  with  bird  and  stream  and  tree 

The  pnlses  of  the  gaai^  great  heart ; 
Bat  we,  from  Nature  long  exiled 

In  our  cold  homes  of  Art  and  Thought, 
Grieve  like  the  stranger- tended  child, 
Which  seeks  its  mother  a  arma,  and  aeea  bnt  feels  them  not. 

The  garden  roee  may  richly  bloom 

In  cnltured  soil  and  genial  air. 
To  cloud  the  light  of  Fashion's  room 

Or  droop  in  Beauty's  midnight  hair. 
In  lonelier  grace,  to  sua  and  dew 

The  sweet-briar  on  the  hill-side  shone 
Its  sinste  leaf  and  ftioler  hue. 
Untrained  and  wildly  free,  yet  still  a  sister  rose  ! 

Thus  o'er  the  heart  of  Weetamoo 

Their  mingling  shades  of  joy  and  ill 
The  instinete  of  her  natare  threw, — 

The  BBTage  was  a  woman  stUl. 
Midst  outlines  dim  of  maiden  schemes. 

Heart-colored  auguriee  of  life. 
Rose  OD  the  ground  of  her  young  dreams 
The  light  of  a  new  home — the  lover  and  the  wife ! 


I  =y  Google 


Criticitm  m  Jmaiictt. 


CRITICISM  IN  AMERICA.  5\.- 1  .  r. . 
By  W.  a.  JoHis.''  " 
PiMODiCAL  Ittenture  oetl&inly  Aout-  wbom  more  •kilfullj  thu  by  Qm  pm- 
uhflB  ID  this  cwrntty,  if  no  olber  kiod  feiMd  liUrwv  tasten — ths  rwulu 
of  miting  mkj  be  said  to  be  in  vogue,  ciitica  T  Ad  u1«  Mholai  wUI  ettoSeaat 
Newapspei  litentare  foroiB  &  chief,  if  into  an  attrMtire  earaj,  the  nbject 
not  the  iDOM  important  edackti<HiftI  ele-  matter  of  atoiig,uidpn>lMUj  doll, ttea- 
ment  id  ooi  nMionat  ciTiltsuion,  and  tiie :  for  the  revievere,  eb  a  genual 
fomie  tbe  staple  readieg  of  out  people,  role,  underetand  the  art  of  eompoaitton 
Mogasine  titeratare  iJeo  attraota  a  much  better  than  moat  of  tbe  aothon 
Urge  bodv  of  the  more  educated  chaace,  the;  nndeitake  to  critioiae.  MaeaaUy, 
u>  whom  It  ia  more  partieularly  addreea-  for  ioMaace,  viU  give  id  an  riabonia 
ed ;  whUe  the  Qnartcrl;  Reviewe  find  article  mnch  more  than  tbe  eeaeiiM  of 
coaaiderably  thebeat  eneooragementof  the  book  he  ia  reriewing.  He  will 
the  three,  from  their  aize,  rare  appear-  tranJer  to  hie  cloae,  eompaot  and  bril- 
ancB,  niperior  preteaeiona,  and  au  of  Ijant  pagea,  the  mamieTa  and  enaloiDa, 
echirianbip.  For  our  own  part,  we  tbe  obaraelera  and  eventa,  of  tbe  jwii- 
love  each  aod  all  of  theae  :  from  the  od,  and  in  fioe  jneaent  a  atrikiiig  if  sot 
puagraph  in  tbe  dailf  joaroal  up  to  the  a  IP^od  biatorical  picture, 
elaborate  and  ekhaoatire  analyaia  of  We  aav  that  we  hare  mtmf^  at  po- 
the  Qoarterliea.  Aa  the  Preae  is,  then,  etry  ana  tbe  dnma'— we  neao,  of 
w  powerfel  an  engine — one  to  availa-  ooorae,  for  the  pteaent,  Letaamaater 
ble  in  ever;  cauae,  atid  to  be  rendered  what  we  tune ;  how  verj  few  bate 
ao  efleotiTe  on  an;  eide— we  conaider  it  done  that  or  ever  will.  Before  o^ing 
not  an  oaeleaa  task  to  mark  certain  of  for  more  new  plaji  and  poema,  let  u 
}ta  peeoliaritiee,  and  not  altogether  to  readandre-read  the  oldsbuiiiudwaTka 
eonceal  oeitain  of  ita  eqnallj  .obrions  in  Ihie  deputraent  of  writing.  Of  thfa 
defecta.  much  we  maj  ha  anre,  that  we  have  al- 

It  is  too  late  in  the  day  to  talk  after  readj  elaaaie  modele  existing ;  can  we 
Ae  faahion  of  scientific  discorery,  of  be  eqnallj  certain  that  contempotay 
the  critical  chsracter  of  tbe  age.  Tlie  aothora  will  give  na  aa  goodt  We 
fact  is  well  known,  arising,  loo,  from  a  woold  be  far  fiom  nndenating  true 
natoial  eanse.  In  ita  present  refined  genina  beeaoae  it  happens  to  be  me- 
period  of  iiteiarjr  adTaocement,  the  denk.  It  cannot  be  debased.  But 
world  can  afford  (for  a  season)  to  re-  we  refer  rather  to  the  vain  attempts  of 
pose  00  its  former  glories.  It  is  bj  no  clever  men,  who  maj  not  be  allowed  to 
means  neoeasary  to  invent,  when  we  rival  the  gi«al  old  mastera  of  An  sod 
have  so  mnch  of  real  exoelienoe  al-  Letters.  Yet  more  eapecisllj  do  we 
ready  on  onr  hands.  The  diamatist  refisr  to  the  an]iist  and  qnemlnis  com- 
and  the  poet,  the  writer  of  fiction  and  plaints  of  thoas  who  expect  a  new  raea 
tiie  moral  theorist,  may  well  remain  of  great  writara  in  «a^  sacceediDf 
silent,  unoe  they  cannot  hope  to  ior-  age,  wbal«Terb«itaohaiacler,  otwku- 
Mss  their  predecessors  in  Ihe  same  ever  other  ebunels  then  mt,f  be  opea* 
line.  For  nietory  there  is  ever  need,  ed  for  eonveying  ibe  energies  otg^ 
and  no,  less  for  criticism:  tha  one  to  nina  into  difiraent  provinces  of  iBtellMl- 
record, 'ind  the  other  to  Jndge.  And  nal  endeavor.  The  above  we  lake  to 
for  ihe  minor  kinds  of  literature,  the  be  a  fair  argniDeiit  for  the  enltivation 
occasion  is  perpetual  in  out  Uagasine  of  periodicid  oritieiam;  wboae  pecnliai 
writing,  peculiarly  adapted  as  that  is  to  object,  viewed  in  this  light,  eboaU  be 
dw  taste  of  the  present  day.  Articles  to  place  ths  merits  of  old  authors  (many 
have,  in  a  measure,  superseded  books,  excellent  ones  are  almoat  obaolete),  m 
aa  critics  bare,  in  a  great  degree,  taken  the  beat  and  truest  light  { to  give  pri^m 
tbe  place  of  book  makers.  There  is  credit  to  what  ia  genmiM  in  later  writ- 
and  muet  be  ever,  according  to  Bacon,  vn,  Hvd  not  to  tkil,  In  jpartieolar,  to 
much  "  readinff  by  depuiy,  and  hence  exercise  all  the  severity  of  critioal  jnst- 
tbe  necessity  of  good  Reviews.  Some  ice  s^inst  pretendara  and  presume 
booka  most  be  "' tasted,"  according  to  tnona  mterlopera  in  the  realms  irf' litera- 
tbe  same  profonnd  authority,  and  by    tnre.    A  certahi  &lse   lenieneyf  that 

VOL.    XT.  NO.  LXZV.  17 


I  =y  Google 


943                                        Cfitieitm  tn  Ameriea.  [S«|*. 

ttrmtaatlj  injoru  more  thtui  it  assists,  write  cordiallj  of  Donoe  ud  Barton, 

ia  too  ptef  alent.     Not  that  we  can  ap-  Uazlitt  is  the  best  esponndei  of  Abik- 

proTfl  of  the  alaabing;  stjle  of  mere  sa-  ham  Tucker  and  John  Baocle,  the  old 

tirista,   who   ent  to   iToimd :    bnt   the  moralists  and  the  periodical  esaayista. 

hedthful  coucael  of  the  wise  chiiur-  Hnnt  is  beat  in  writing  on  Chaucer  and 

geoQ,  who  piobes  to  heal.  Milton's  minorpoems,  Sec.  An  intenni- 

In  the  present  Article,  we  mean  to  nable  list  of  aiinilar  instancea  might  be 

attempt  a  sketch  of  the  popular  organs  giren,  if  necessary,  but  the  point  seems 

of  opinion  in  this  country,  aitd  with  sufficientlj  clear.    This  matter  of^riti- 

brief  notices  of  the  loading  writera ;  in  cisoi  is  strangely  misoDderatood ;  pea- 

which  Mtimatet  we  aim  at  purs  Justice  pie  have  singular  notions  of  it,  ideas 

and  good  faith,  tempered  fay  good  feel-  very  false  and  rery  foolish ;  with  v eiy 


Previotisly,  however,  we  mast  al-    many  it  aignifiea  ooly  aerere  judgmeitl, 
oarselTes  tbe  privile^  of  pietac-    and  generally  implies  censure — a  view, 
Idk  a  few  woida,  on  the  inexhaustible    in  poiat  of  fact,  most  egiegionaly  oite- 


anoject  of  eriiicism  itaelf.  Now-a-daye, 

STery  other  peraon  we  meet,  reader  or  What  is  public  opinion !  Ia  it  formed 

writer,  often  little  of  either,  or  some-  by  the  critica  Uiemselvea,  or  do  they 

thing  of  the  firat,  with  nothing  of  ^le  merely  represent  it  t  The  reply  to  thw 

laat.  Beta  himself  op  as  critic.    In  this  qaestion  wonld  seem  to  diride  all  critics 

great  conflict  of  contrary,  ignoruit  and  into  the  two  classes  of  repreaentatives 

prejudiced  jndgments,  the    public  at  of  the    public    opinion   uid    origioil 

large, unacquainted  withthesuremarka  judges.  -  Abstractedly  and  practically, 

of  the  tme  judgeof  Utenuyexoellence,  the  qnestion  is  a  nice  one:  how  the 

an  as  apt  to  follow  the  mipoatora  in  popular  Judgment  acts,  and  ia  in  turn 

letters,  as  the  authorized  teachers.    It  acted   upon.     The  soundest  thinkers 

hence  becomes  a  seriooa  question,  how  hold  the  maas  of  their  ordinary  senti- 

are  the  latter  to  be  known  and  distio-  ments  in  common  with  the  majority  of 

ffnished  1    By  these  several  signs ;  a  sensible  thinkers,  and  baaed  on  similar 

diorotigh   knowledge   of  the   aabjecta,  gronnda.     Into  reSned  criticism  more 

periods,  characters,  books,  npon  which  of  indiridoal  feeling  moat  enter,  and 

they  write ;  a  maatery  of  the  genuine  the  enlightened  bias  of  liberal  aceom- 

apirit  of  the  age — ^its  needs,  its  aima,  ita  plishment.    Yet  even  the  boldest  ceo- 

Suits,  ita  teaoencies ;  by  a  good,  if  not  sor  or  most  frank  eulogist,  doea,  after 

an  elevated,  standard  of  critieinn —  all,  in  a  measure,  reSect  the  opinions  of 

(some  tO|>iaa  and  claasea  of  writing  do  others.  Common  opmioo,  like  the  coat- 

not  require  a  lofty  standard) ;  by  gene-  mon  air,  seems  to  color  with  an  undis- 

tona  Justice,  by  genuine  feeling,  not  tinguishbg  hue,  die  popular  opinion, 

mawkishness  nor  aentimeDtattty,  bat  Like  tbe  atmosphere,  the  purest  opinion 

■fawere  fooling — for  a  critic  should  have  ia  held  by  the  best;  while  vicious  santi- 

a  heart  aa  well  aa  a  head,  a  fitet  too  meats  certainly  taint  moat  readily  tjga 

often  overlooked  or  forgotten ;  by  a  most  depraved, 

knowledge  of  rales,  but  no  lack  of  the  Happy,  then,  the  critic,  who,  if  he 

fit  spirit  to  guide  in  the  uae  or  adapts-  represents  any  beside  himself,  reSeots 

tlonof  them;  Inexperience  and  skill  the  oenauie  of  the  wise,  tbe  love  of  the 

u  the  art  of  writing.    The  true  critic  sincere,  the  praise  of  the  honest ! — else 

ie  aa  much  fitted  by  nature  and  ednea-  hia  work  will  be  evidently  marred  by 

tiODfi(rfai8affice,aa  the  poet  ia  for  his.  hatred,  malice,  and  all  uncharitahle- 

With  him,  too,  he  mnst  have  a  cordial  nese.    Apart  from  these  two  clasaes  of 

sympathv,  and  a  heart  open  to  all  the  hn-  critics,  there  ia  a  third  popalar  class  of 

pilMS  orgoodneaeaDd  beauty.    Truth  fine  writers  on  oritioiam,  who  are  not 

and   justice    ahotdd    be  bis    leading  properly  to  be  atyled  oriuca.    Writen 

gaidee,Dotpleasareorfaney;  yeltoex-  ofthia  description  prodnce  agreeable 

preas  the  noblest  tmih  he  mnst  be  much  and  even  profound  articles  on  the  texts 

more  than  an  exact  didactic  writer;  a  they    select,  rather    than   criticiama. 

elear  eiitie  of  Locke  will  form  an  in-  They  run  a  race  of  rivalry  with  the 

diffsrent  judge  of  Hilton  (Locke  him-  original  author,  and  generally  surpass 

Mif  made  aad  havoc  when  he  attempt-  him  in  hia  own  field.    Yet,  aa  mere 

ed  poetical  critioiam).  To  be  tmlyfiur.  Judges,  they  prove  often  quite  unsafe, 

the  eritiemtiatbave  an  intimate  sympa-  looking  too  much  from  tiieir  own  point 

ibj  with  hie  author ;  Lamb'only  coold  of  view,  influenced  too  deeply  by  per- 


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IM  <•]  Critidm  in  America.  SiS 

•onal  feelbg,  and  muled  by  the  preju-  cue—*  mu  of  vealth,  of  lUnding,  of 
dke  of  educatioa  or  early  preposaeo-  retpeetabilitg,  forwwth.  To  him,  and 
sioni.  Wo  conolude,  then,  tbnt  there  aucb  as  he,  this  bluateriag  braggart  will 
ue  almoU  as  few  judicious  crilioa  as  defer,  like  a  hterary  laoqney  as  he  is ; 
llwre  are  good  original  writers,  and  we  or,  rathar,  like  a  liiarary  enauch— to 
agree  heartily  with  Pope,  that—  borrow    D'tsraoli's    illustniUon— who 

eaonot  eajoy  the  beauties  (books)  of 
"  Tcnceunre  wrong,  throne  who  writei    which  he  has  the  charge.   Tbereiaalso 
»MtM."  (we  may  as  welt  add,  while  we  are 

aboat  it)  anodier  of  the  same  type,  th« 
One  olsss  of  eritics  we  hare  not  yet  acn  of  a  diatinguiafaed  politician  now 
described — the  irre^olax  critics  (we  use  dead,  a  man  who  liTcs  on  hia  father's 
the  t«m  in  orooeittoa  lo  tlie  phrase  repatatioo  sod  on  hia  wife's  money, 
"regolarcritioe") — theself-eleetederi-  sneering  at  erBrybody  who  surpaaaee 
tteaefcoaTersation,  without  the  slight-  him,  and  we  haneatly  know  not  his 
est  poseiUe  pretension  to  (he  nam*.  equal  in  all  the  eharacteristios  of  the 
A  man  of  lettan  of  the  most  limited  mean  bally ;  running  about  town  to  get 
•zperieuce'eannot  isillo  bare  metspe-  certain  family  documents  published, 
eimene  of  this  race — amoethatera>,yet  while  he  neglects  to  pay  any  regard  to 
eommoo,  deaeription  of  haager»«n  of  the  enly  clerer  writer  with  whom  be 
the  literary  re^lie.  To  the  bonoi  of  baa  any  connection.  Tbia  ntltry  fellow 
the  profession  itself,  we  candidlr  admit,  bnya  erery  new  work  (good,  bad,  or  in- 
we  hare  nsTor  met  a  tme  seholsi  with  different),  while  he  declares  himself  to 
anything  of  this  defect  about  him.  He  be  too  poor  to  subscribe  to  a  magazine 
m^ht  be  paradoxical,  petnlant,  nay  for  which  an  aequaintaoce  write*,whose 
inde,  but  not  palpably  unjust  nor  igno-  rivalry  he  dreads.  Old  woman  (we 
tanlly  Tindictive.  Mnob  of  this  false  mean  real  elderly  ladies,  and  not  such 
criticism  aprion  ftom  pique  or  personal  eld  women  as  those  we  have  been  de- 
malice.  People  who  can  do  nothing  scribing),  who  are  deficient  in  ednoa- 
alse,  can  at  least  carp  and  censure,  tion,  are  Tery'ssTage  critics.  We  hsTO 
Those  are  notorioosly  the  loudest  in  heardoneofthemi«mark,  that  Webster 
theii  abuse,  who  are  the  leaat  able  to  was  not  superior  to  a  well-known  judge 
do  anything  of  themaelTes.  We  hare  of  one  of  our  local  courts ;  that  Irving's 
aereral  raoh  oases  in  our  eye,  at  pre-  "  Aatoria  "  (a  delightful  narrative)  was 
aent,  and  bad  drawn  their  portraits  in  imreadable  ;  with  a  number  of  aunilar 
the  first  r«n^  draeght  of  this  Article  ;  crude  opinions.  To  say  nothing  diwte- 
bat  the  fact  u>,  that  these  very  sketches  apectfol  of  really  clever  eduoated  gen- 
wonld  fit  so  many  peo{de,  tluU  we  ap-  tlewomen,  who  are  above  the  reach  of 
prebend  anulioieoa  reader  would  en-  rldicu1e,we  must  still  add,  that  the  curse 
deavonr  toeoaetme  plain  speaking  into  of  bluestocking- ism  has  done  not  a  little 
(lownrigbt  UbeL  One  only  thing  of  the  to  hurt  sound  public  opinion.  At  con- 
•art  will  we  preserve :  thin  npeoimen  of  vertaxituut  and  literary  toiriti,  how 
tba  eritiotl  tribe  is  a  functionary  in  one  much  caballing  and  scandal  exist,  every 
of  onr  city  inatitutione,  notoriona  for  his  person  who  baa  ever  been  present  at  an 
gnuubling  and  disooniteons  manner,  al-  'asthetic  iea,'muat  very  wall  know.  At 
wava  reviling  merit  of  every  kind  out  inch  meetings,  what  a  cockering  up  of 
of  his  own  party.  He  profeaaea  (though  small  repatatioos,  and  what  a  dandling 
an  American  eitixen)  to  be  in  heart  a  of  infant  geniuses!  These  small  oir- 
British  Tory ;  and,  &om  a  similar  re-  cles  appear  to  enclose,  for  the  evening, 
■pect  for  authority,  pretends  a  vast  at-  a  worhl  of  wit  and  elegance — a  perfect 
tachmant  fbt  High  Church  principles  parterre  of  all  the  choicest  flowers  of 
and  a  strong  government.  Bis  praise  eloquence  and  fanoy. 
iajoat  the  oppoaite  of  his  hatred;  and  In  oni  last  nper  (Critics  and  Criti- 
ttis  caprioious  judgments,  like  the  fickle  cism  of  the  Nineteenth  Century),  we 
afiitction  of  tyrsjits,  are  of  a  piece  with  glanoed  at  the  state  of  oui  current 
the  whima  of  the  man.  This  impndent  newspaper  criticism :  a  notice  not  to  hs 
Thersitea  is  ever  timtwing  dirt  apon    limited  to  the  daily  press,  but  applioabli 


such  men  aa  Bancroft,  "Emenon,  and  in  a  great  degree  to  the  lar^r  critioJ 

Webster.  Who,  t^en.ishis idol  1 — why,  organs  of  the  oonntn'.    This  is  by  no 

^Li.  Knickerbocker,  without  means  ao  much  the  fault  of  the  Editor* 

to  animate  his  heavy  oar-  as  of  the  public,  who  heratofore  would 

Google 


m                                       Critieitmi»AmtTiea.  V^*Vt- 

not  idoqiutely  wnUla  good  oritieiBm.  ProTeMon  Palfrcj  ud  S]«rin  bars 

The  inattDces  of  tite  Naw  Toik  Re-  pnaided  oror  ita  fcrtiinM  ud  directed 

Ttew,   die  Coratir,    tbe    Plaindealer,  ita  eoone.    Anong  tbete  oontribvtom, 

and  the  Pathfindet  (b^  fai   the  beat  Dana,    HoVidwr,  JjovgMlow,  and  a 

mditioal  joimiala),  Aretorna,  and  the  Bambet  ef  onr  derereat  mm,  lawTen, 

Boston  Hitcellanr,   onght    to  aatiafr  statesmen,  dirinea  and  profaaaed  acho- 

Mny    doabt  on    this    head.      All   fell  lara,  are  to  be  enumsrated.    At  pieeent 

^iTongb,  oertainl]'  Dot  for  want  of  escel-  the  Beriew  is  In  tbe  banja  of  Mr. 

lent  tnalter  and  tbe  puieat  writing,  bat  fiowen,   a  nriter  and  sohtjar  whoae 

aoletj  for  sheer  want  of  a  Joat  propOT'  claims  to  scholarship  and  metaphjsioal 

tion  of   pabUc   aapport.      Ha^mea  aUity  are  weU  repnaested  ia  a  Tohime 

without  a  tjtba  of  tbeit  merit,  and  of  hia  collected  aiticlea  paUidied  Ml 

e^wciaUy  devoid  of  tbe  finer  attribsiea  long  ainoe. — What  ia  the  tendeacj  of 

of  ingenuity,  delicacy  or  gnce  (the  ob-  thia  qnarterly,  ita  general  chanctar! 

Ject  seems  to  be  to  find  how  thin   a  To  answer  theae   qneriea,  we    moat 

soil  will  anawer  far  the  prodnetioD  of  offer  a  criticiam.    Tha  defect  of  the 

magaaine  flovera),  bj-  mere  dint  of  ez-  North  Ameriean  (to  oommeiice  by  atat- 

t«Bal  oirctmiataDeea  (the  accidents  of  ing   ita  defect,  ia  to  end  rtxj  bood 

the  bnabaaa),   platea  of  the  fiuhiona  all  die  oonwlaiiit  wa  ban  to  bring 

iSt  only  for  a  tailor's  montUr  or  La  against  it  and  to  allow  otuaelTea  Inia- 
telle  AaaenitMe),ajid  Ihemoeiiaalona  are  to  praise  with  juatiee),  haa  been 
pofii^i  have  grown  and  loariabed  to  ita  literacy  toryupt,  bj  which  we 
lankneea.  Beeidea,  tha  pablio  tast«  wonld  eonre^  oat  impraaaioa  of  ita 
ia  not  jet  anffieient^  edocated  to  ap-  ap^iareDt  dialike  to  imioTation  and  new 
pteciata  the  raiie^  of  taleet  raqnbite  wnta^a.  Ita  policj  ia  a  little  too 
to  fill  agreeablr  tbe  pagea  of  a  monthly  eastioaa :  it  lacka  the  one  qoalitj  of 
Jonraal.  NatW  ia  the  public  money  boldoeaa,  hardly  less  eaaential  in  rig- 
direeted  as  it  should  be,  to  refonn  tbia.  oroaa  criticiam  tbaa  in  oratory  itaelf ; 
Obrionaly,  there  ahoald  be  an  eqnitabla  ut  infiieioD  of  a  happy  aodaeity  would 
diTiaion  of  labor,  bj^  meaoa  of  which  bring  oat  all  ha  other  elemenla  intiia- 
eaoh  writer  might  binuetf  peribnn  his  aieal^  ao  * alnable,  into  a  more  pconi- 
own  work  weU,  instead  of  an  editof  Bentlight,aoldjbythefi»ceofconttaat. 
doing  it  all  in.  It  ia  no  credit  for  a  ma-  We  are  hx  from  meaning,  by  eoan- 
gaaine  editor  to  toTn  ont  a  monthly  all  aelling  txddneaa,  to  adrocate  the  eoaiae 
of  his  own  compoeition — talea,  rersee,  Titaperation  of  Gifibrd,  tha  indiserimi- 
criticiams,  piriitica,  satire,  goasip,  mor-  nate  abuae  of  CoUwtt,  the  find  libels 
ality  and  religion.  Wiiat  a  bodga-  of  anoh  dieeta  aa  the  Satiriat  and  the 
podge  it  mnat  M I  Socb  a  ftet  prorea  Age,  or  their  imitatoia  on  thia  ride  of 
only  that  tbe  magasiiM  cannot  vt  will  the  water.  But  we  would  azpraaa  a 
not  pay  proper  eontiibotoia.  A  Re-  aeed  of  aamethiag  more  beany  and 
view  may  be  thua  written,  b«t  not  »  diieet  in  ita  maimer.  To  thia  genera} 
magazine— ^hieb  profeaeea  to  be  van-  eritieitm,  we  mnai  make  soma  exoep- 
ona  enoBgh  to  eateh  tbe  desultory  tiona  :  atiU,  the  tone  of  the  Rariew  haa 
taste,  especially  of  indotent  readers  in  been  ia  ^eiml  too  mild,  anntiiiting  al- 
thia  hot  roidsnmmer  weather.  most  to  indifferenee.  Its  inflneDce,  for 
In  cor  present  rapid  Tiew  ot  eon-  thia  reason,  ia  by  no  meana  what  it 
temporary  periodical  American  liie-  ahonldbeaatheleadingqaaiterly  ef  the 
ratnre,  we  ahall  eommenee  with  the  ooontiy.  nor  what  it  deaerrea  for  ita 
KcTiewa  and  eotrelnde  with  the  daily  really  great  merit ;  fbi  the  beat  style  ia 
papera.  The  North  Americaii  Re-  to  be  fonnd  in  it ;  the  manner  ia  inraria- 
Tiew  fnTDishea  the  commonly  receiTed  bly  neat  and  elegant :  tiie  acholarahip 
standard  of  oar  qnarterly  critieism ;  is  aa  aanally  aoenrate  asd  perraded 
owEdinbergfa  and  Qaarterly  combined,  by  a  apirit  of  liberality  ud  a  qarit 
wtthetit  tbe  bad  qu^itiea  of  tbe  latter,  of  bmnaoity.  Witfaotd  a  Tolome  of 
It  ia  (be  oldest  joumal  of  the  kind,  the  Reriew  by  na,  we  atUl  ]ia*e 
now  eiistmg  b  the  United  Ststoa.  It  mai^  -o«q;>ital  papera  in  our  eye  and 
has  been  edned  by  certain  of  our  fbre-  in  onr  miikd.  To  panieniaiiB«  onhf 
maat^Den,and  can  point  among  ita  COD-  a  few,  tbeie  are  tbe  Taiiona  cria- 
tribntora  to  manjr  of  our  aUeat  echo-  esl  miaeeUantea  and  leaned  digeata  ef 
lara  and  beat  wTiteia,at  difibreat peri-  cur  vtgonmatTozaatileandaoeom^idi- 
ods   in    ita    bistory ;    the    EvaiRta,  od  oouiitrytun,  Fnddant  Everett :  ' 


1.  ,i,-:,i.,GoogIc 


1844.]                                   OilKum  in  AmtricM.  S4S 

dtoroQ^  uholur,  Me  autenun,  ud  tem.  We  bv  ao  meaaa  attribute  thia 
fine  writer.  Then  ue,  too,  the  fewer  vacillstioa  of  pnrpoae  to  meie  fickle- 
yet  equally  elegant,  if  not  eaTtgoniuaiiiid  dmb  oT  disposition,  ao  much  ae  to  ex- 
oomprebeoaive,  p^>era  of  hia  toother,  oeaaiTe  iatetlectual  aotivity,  and  great 
our  claaaic  Minister  to  Enslaod.  Ttro  fiurneas  of  mind,  which,  detecting  aome 
papera  of  Dana'a  in  particmar,  we  recol-  good  in  everv  party  and  docUioe,  ie 
lect,  OB  Moore  and  on  Uuliu'a  Leeturea  feariiil  of  not  doing  ample  juatiee  to  ali- 
en the  Engliah  poeta ;  the  latter  a  little  We  moK  eoafe«s,  titat  we  ahall  be  oo- 
harab,  yet  both  nwciraena  of  Danlr  wiae  anrpriaed  to  hear  of  a  hearty  re- 
criticiam.  Two,  alao,  of  Longfellow^  cantation  of  his  present  opinions,  strong- 
oecar  to  us,  a  meat  appreciative  notice  Ij  as  thej  are  now  adTocated.  For 
of  Hawthorne'*  Twioe  Told  Talea,  aod  apecnlation  and  lumiaoua  ciitioiam,  we 
a  very  brilliant  paper  on  Tegner,  the  look  npon  the  Christian  Esaminer  as 
anther  of  t'rtthioff's  Saga.  E  maat  be  truly  admirable.  Many  aitiolea,  like 
eonfeseed  a  bolder  tone  ii  «iaible  in  the  thoae  on  Codworth,  Henry  More,  and 
later  eriticalapecnlationaofthisperied-  Spinosa,  hsTe  appeared  in  its  pages; 
ical,  which  apfwais  to  progooebeate  a  and  wh^erer  we  look  lor  a  clear,  pe- 
rerolatitui  in  its  management.  With  netrating  view  on  any  raetuhyaioal 
a  little  mora  fire,  the  elegance,  the  system  or  qaestion  of  tbeoretiauetliies, 
acholarehip,  the  integrity  of  this  Re-  we  are  not  disappointed.  Of  ihepnre- 
view  would  be  more  faToiably  eon-  ly  religions  jouinala  'we  cannot  be  ex- 
trasted.  Some  of  our  dererest  pens  pooled  to  speak  for  that  Tery  reason. 
are  never  to  be  met  there,  and  we  A.  Review,  partly  aaeh  at  firM,  though 
could  name  at  least  half  a  dosen  to  the  from  the  rery  first  its  Itteraiy  obarac- 
Editor,  who  would  add  brilliancy  eren  tat  strongly  predominated,  oontaiaed 
to  the  foimidable  body  of.tbe  beat  writ-  in  its  earl*  Tolamea  a  few  resUy  ^le 
ere  for  this  quarterly,  that  are  among  articles,  tboogh  eveetuallj  it  fell  into  a 
the  boast  of  our  TO ong  but  growing  lite-  heavy  and  slovenly  manner,  losing  its 
ratnre.  The  Boston  Quarterly  and  original  editors  and  its  beat  early  coo* 
Christian  Examiner,  originally  one  in  tributors,  by  wham  it  was  resigned  to 
spirit,  though  they  have  since  diverged  an  tneffioient  anbstitttte  and  mfeiior 
ao  widely,  have  never  held  the  aame  writers.  The  first  fooi  numbeia,  in 
poaitioo  aa  the  North  American,  ez-  particular,  contained  papers  from  the 
cept  in  the  eonaideration  of  a  ein^e  pen  of  E.  A.  Duyckinck,  Esq.,  on 
aecL  Yet  tiiey  have  had  writera  and  Crabbe,  Mrs.  Hemans,  George  Herbert, 
articles  that  rank  even  with  the  beat  Goldsmith,  and  Giles  Fletcher,  in  their 
foreigu  eritios  and  criticising.    Chan-  peculiar  view  of  ^;rs«eful  eentkneat  and 


aing  and' Brownaon,  alone,  are  a  boat  in  JefcrtpfiDCcritickem  (rather  than  anaJy> 
themselves,  and  though  unsupported,  tie)  of  a  character  never  aurpassed  in 
would  have  gained  a  fiist.i»ie  repnta-    any  American  periodical,  ana  perhape 


for  any  periodical  in  which  they  equalled  only  Ln  the  papera  before  m 

chose  to  write.    We  have  had  no  re-  tioned  of  a  •omewbat  aimilar  cast,  by 

view  artioles  comparable  to  those  of  Profesaai  Longfellow.    The  eaiy  man* 

Channing,  aad  no  writer,  who,  in  hit  ner,  gracious  amenitv,  delicate  faoc^, 

bat    vluuu,    surpasses  Mr,   Brown-  ehoiee  taaie  and  subue  humur,  of  this 

son    m  vigor  and  eojnonsnsss.    We  oor  most  tasteful  poetical  critic  and 

cannot  say  as  much  for  the  subtlety,  clusical  easayiat,  are  perfectly  fresh 

fineneas  and  discrimination  (at  least  m  and  onstndied,  and  hence  perfectly  de- 

literary  criticism)  of  this  latter  writer,  lightfnl.     This  fine  writer  requirea  but 

He  writes  too  mnch,  always  to  write  the  atimolus  of  necessity,  of  which,  un- 

wcJl,  or  even  satisfiwtorily  to  himself^  fortunately  for  ns,  though  happily  for 

He  would  not  shift  his  ground  so  often,  him,  he  is  free,  to  put  forth  powers  at 

did  he  exereise  a  more  deliberate  judg-  once  ele^t  and  manly,  in  the  fields 

mant  before  making  up  his  opinions,  of  periodical  writing,  to  secure  a  poai- 

The  ptditical  and  personal  integrity  of  tion  in  that  select  list,  which  includes 

this  gentleman,  we  believe  to  be  of  the  the  names  of  Hunt,  Haxlitt,  EUa,  ajtd 

purest  dye;  yet  from  a  constitntional  Campbell. 

restlessDese  of  temperament  and  great  Of  the  Sonthem  Reviews,  we  knew 

logical  aouteness  (like  Chillin^orth)  too  little  to  speak  ef  them  with  any 

he  reasons  himself  oat  of  and  into  al*  certainty :  for  which  reasons  we  pre*    _^ 

meet  every  conceivable  creed  and  sys-  aerve  a  prudent  silence.                     •   CjQQljIc 


2Mt  Crilicitm  tn  America.  [Sept. 

Our  Magazine    Literstore  ia,    baa  blea,  u>d  u  annibateatial.      HuHtt 

been,  and,  m  we  snipect,  ever  will  be,  wrote  od  (he  deepest  themea  for  mtga- 

tnoch  richer  and  more  original  than  the  linea,  jet  it  is  no  labor,  but  the  mort 

literature   of   our  qaarteriy    jonmala.  delighuul  of  taaka,  to  read  his  papers. 

Hie  causea  far  this  mpeiioritv   ate  One  thing  must  be  ahnaned,  heaviness, 

plain.    Hneh  greater  varietj  of  atjle  dnllneaa,  pToIixiij.    One  dionld  writa 

and  eentiment,  and  a  wider  Tarietj  of  in  magazines  or  papers,  only  on  what 

claEses  of  writinff  are  reqnisile  in  a  mis-  he  ia  maater  of :  in  renewa,  oocasional 

cellaneooa  nioDthly  journal  than  in  a  cramming  ia  not  aoblameable,  and  may 

purely  didactic  and  critical  qnaiterly.  be   necessary   to   eke   out   an  article. 

Invention,  wit,  hnmor,  fancy,  imagina-  Poetical  quotation  and  long  prose  ex-    - 

tion ;  tales,  sketches,  characters,  ciili-  tracla  make  up  some  review  article*, 

cism,  poeirj  and  politics,  find  their  sp-  which  stuffed  up  in  this  way  always  re- 

propriate  niches  in  %  Magazine ;  while  mind  ua  of  tnrkeys  prepared  for  grand 

the  Review  admits  only  of  essay  and  dinners  or  suppers,  withont  a  bone  in 

criticism,  historical  sketches  and  philo:-  their  bodies,  but  filled  with  oysters  and 

eophic  diacussinn.     A  good  Magazine,  condimenta.    In  the  space  that  remains, 

Ukeawellfamisbedareenal,  "aUiang-  oftbe  present  esssy,  we  shall  attempt 

ed  with  order  and  disposed  with  grace"  a  history  in  miniature  of  oar  magacine 

(the  mere  disposition  of  its  contents  is  literature,  thus  {ar. 
a  matter  requiring  no  little  tact  and        Since  the  daya  of  the  "  Portfolio," 

judgment),    should    represent  almost  edited  by  Dennie,  and  die  "  Anatectic 

every  class  of  writing  and  style  ;  sU  Magazine,"  which  contains  the  elegant 

compacted  together  by  one  spirit,  and  sfaort  biographies  by  Irving,  the  Mag^ 

pitched  upon  the  same  key.    This  uni-  sine  literature  of  tbe  country  has  ad- 

ty  of  sentiment  admits  of  the  widest  vanced    wonderAilly-      The    earliest 

diversity  of  manner.    A  first-rate  nnm-  monthly  journds   were,  in   fact,  jai- 

ber  of  the  "  Democratic,"  for  instance,  langes  of  selected  literature  rather  than 

would  have  its  poems  by  Bryant,  Low-  original  magazinea.      The  reprint  of 

ell    and   Whittier ;    its   romances  by  review  articles  and  adversaria,  with 

Hawthorne ;    finished   translations   of  occasional  short  lives  and  occasional 

German  romance,  or  light  sketches  of  paragraphs,  made  up  the  contents  of  the. 

manners  from  the  French ;  criticiam  by  volume.     Dennie's    prose   papem,  so 

Godwin,  or  Bigelow,  or  Dnyckinck  ;  highly  landed  at  the  time  as  models  of 

and  polities  by  Mr.  Editor  (to  which,  Addisonian  prose,  are  now  surpassed 

however,  he  ia  bj  no  means  restricted,  daily  by  contributors  to  the  penny  press. 

as  we  have  tracKBd  him  through  the  Not  to  go  very  deeply  into  the  exact 

windiogscf  fictitious  narrative,  the  dia-  chronology  of  a  portion  of  onr  literary 

tinctions  of  a  critique,  statistical  calcn-  history,  that  still  remains  not  as  clear 

lations,  ^litical  argument  and  enlight-  as  it  should  be,  we  can  but  deplore  in 

eoed  legisiatianl,  or  Mr.  Everett,  per-  the  end  of  a  paragraph  the  ill  fata  of 

haps  his  ablest  literary  vizier.     The  so  many  of  our  clever  periodicals.    In 

London  Magazine,  in  its  best  day,  bad  England  similar  literary  talent  would 

its   Elia,  Hood,  Hazlitt,  Prootor,  and  notbe  ao  sadly  at  a  discoont.     In  this 

Opium  Eater— without  any    eiirava-  list  we  shall  select  only  the  best :  as, 

.gant   boast,   our   good   Maga   can  ap-  the  joint  production  of  Eryant  and  Ds- 

proech  it  very  nearly,  with  its  strong-  ns^sofoilofsdmirableproseand  verse: 

est  forces.  the  magazine  of  Sands,  full  of  his  hn- 

Invariably  a  lighter  character  and  mor,  sfarewdnsss,  and  scholarship  ;  tbe 
vein  ia  exjiected  in  Magazine  writing,  "  New  England  Magazine,^'  and  its 
thanin periodicals orgreaterpretension.  successor  (we believe), the  "Anerioan 
'Even  its  gravest  disqnisitisna  should  be  Monthly,"  in  which  we  first  imp'd  our 
eminently  readable.  This  is  the  prime  wing  in  Juvenile  critical  flights  ;  and 
reqnisite.  Thongb  the  style  sbould  last  of  all,  the  two  best  m^zines  that 
be  quick  and  glancing,  yet  even  levity  have  yet  appeared  (the  "  Democratic" 
is  not  precisely  the  thing  ;  a  little  of  It  tndy  excepted),  "Arctnrua"  and  the 
Issnfficient.  Bat  there  should  be  much  "Boston  Miscellany,"  to  botb  of  which 
oondensed  force  and  a  brilliant  style,  we  had  the  gratification  of  being  en- 
Foppishness  does  not  hit  the  mark  :  a  rolled  as  constant  contributor,  and 
mere  siring  of  conceits  is  as  bad.  To-  whose  editors  we  rank  among  ovt 
pics  need  not  be  as  airy  as  soap  bub-  choicest  literary  acquaintances. 


oogle 


18U.]                                    Critidm  m  Ammea.  S47 

Tbe  "  Amerioan  MonthlT"  had  good  ruembk  Mnmj  uid  Mozos,  Chamben 

mitera,  some  capital  oaea,  Hawthorne,  and  Conatable.    The  roolUh  notion  <^ 

tioi  HoffmAD,  and  Felix  Merry,  and  prefixio^platesorthe  fkahion8,tDaltte- 

was  not  badly  edited.     We  retain  a  rary  penodical  where  they  are  enticelj 

.  leeard  Tot  it  i  but  "  AicturoB"  and  the  out  of  place,  and  the  abortions  of  print* 

"Hieeetlaay"  weremagazinee  of  a  dif-  in  place  of  good  engravings,  tend  to 

ferent  stamp.    The  criiiciam  and  essay  damn  this  class   of  publications  siill 

writing,  of  the  "New  Toik  Monthly,"  more   effectually.      It   appears  to   as, 

the  best  of  it,  were  the  prodncta  of  the  that  the  only  fit  omamant  of  the  sort  to 

aane  fine  mind,  whose  effusions  in  the  be  admitted  into  a  monthly  jooinal,  is, 

"  New  York  Review,"  we  have  already  the  head  of  a  celebnted  nwn  of  lettera 

noticed ;  while  the  hmnonras  satire  of  or  pablio  character,  or  occasionally,  aa 

the  senior  editor  fully  sustsined  his  dt-  a  stady  and  by  way  of  an  education  for 

partment  of  the  magaiine.     Mr.  Auld  the  eye,  a  drawing  from  the  actique. 

was  much  the  stiongeet  of  the  ocea-  The  Sonthera  magaxines,  like  most 

sional  coDliibutora,  and  he  has  faraished  Southern  writing,  are  very  flashy :  with 

some  of  the  best  things  io  the  work,  great   pretension,  they  exhibit   very 

A  seieotioD  from  the  three  volomes,  meager  performsjioe.    The  same  gene- 

wonld  make  an  excellent  octavo.    Its  ral  criticism  would  apply  to  colleg* 

BoBtOB  rival  was  eondocled  daring  its  magazines  and  any  other  of  the  class 

short  career,  by  a  manly  scholar,  a  fair  we  may  have  possibly  omitted.    Maga- 

critic,  and  BD  honest  man,  Nathan  Hale,  sines  pay  much  better  than  Reviews, 

who,  assisted  by  Lowell,  Willis,  Haw-  but  nothing  like  so  well  as  the  daily 

theme,  his  accomplished  uncles,  and  1  press.     It  is  something,  however,  to 

capital  translator  of  German  tales  and  find  ^od  paying  literature  of  any  sort, 

fetches,  has  enjoyed  the  felicity   of  in  this  country  of  starved  authors  and 

condoctiag  the  most  clasaic  magaiine  poor  scholars.    In  our  boast  of  the  uni- 

of  New  England.    How  happens  it,  versa]  diffusion  of  knowledge,  we  neg- 

that  thatre&nedcommunitycannot BQp-  lect  indiridual  cases  of  learning  and 

tort  a  great  magazine  1     The  "  Dial,"  scholastic  ^ilUy. 

y  the  way,  bas  ktely  slopped,  in  which  Of  local  magaiines,  we  have  but  two 

haveappesredsomeof thechoicestmor-  now   existing,    worth  the   name,    the 

ceauB  of  EmertOD  and  kindred  minds.  "  Knickerbocker"  and  the  "  Demooratie 

Of  theladies'  magazines,  we  might  say  Review."     We  shall  endeavor  to  speak 

a  great  deal  more  than  we  shall ;  they  of  both  of  these  with  fsimess    and 

d^rve,  in  fact,  very  slight  attention,  without  prejudice,  though  we  may  bo 

They  have  bad  first-rate  names  on  the  pardoned  for  seeioffwhat  is  best,  in  our 

covers,  but  the  contents  are  hardly  an-  favorite  monthly.    The  "  Knickeibock- 

Bwerabte.    The  anthor  of  the  "  Spy"  er"  (if  we  are  not  misinformed)  is  the 

and  the  "  Pilot,"  for  instance,  has  far-  oldest :  one  of  its  first  editors,  if  not 

Dished  the  "  Autohiogiaphv  of  a  Hand-  indeed  its  very  first,  was  CbarlesHoff- 

kerchief,"whu:hiBamiracIeof prolixity  man,  one  of  the  cteveiast  desoriptire 

and — but  let  the  reader  try  to  wade  writers  in  elegant  prose  we  can  name, 

through  it,  and  he  can  easily  finish  the  and  the  author  of  nnmerons  copies  of 

sentence.    After  a  great  trumpeting  of  lively,  sparkling  verse,  beside.    The 

Mr.  Dana*s  name,  at  last  appears,  what  1  original  feature  of  this  mondily  was, 

Why,  a  trifie  of  a  love  song— the  least  that  of  a  New  York  Magazine,  as  ila 

characteristic  of  anything  of  his,  we  name  implied ;  but  that  individuality 

have  seen.     And  so  of  other  writers,  has  since  been  merged  in  a  more  gene- 

The  mass  of  the  matter  is  inuiily  it-  ral  and  cosmopolitan  character.  Among 

self  and  the  veriest  nonsense.     Snch  its  writers  are  to  be  numbered  our  very 

they  will  probably  continue,  until  they  best, Bryant, Longfellow, Irving;  Elia- 

are  edited  by  proper  writers.     Book-  sketcheeof Mr.Carey,thewittydeBciip- 

eellers  and  publishers  cannot  be  expect-  tions  of  Prof.  Sanderson,  the  hnmorona 

ed  to    have  bad  the  literary  training  '  pictures  of  Harry  Franca,  and    ths 

that  fits  a  man  for  the  offiee  of  editor,  finished  painting  of  Mr.  Street.    Manr 

They  cannot  be  expected  to  place  a  other  clever  writers  have  contributed, 

tnst  estimate  on  the  value  of  literary  from  time  to  time,  whose  names  we 

labor,  to  appreciate  the  requisite  skill,  cannot  now  recall,  writbgmerely  from 

or  to  ascertain  the  precise  ebiims  and  memory.      The    "  Knickerbocker"    i* 

aUnding  of  a  writer.    Few  pabliahers  more  truly  a  Miscellany  than  a  Mogv 

Cooglc 


MS  CrUieumimAmfiM.  \StifL 

bob;  t.  e.iitaconleaUaiemoTeTaiioiu  of  daiogle  Rhwt — canaDDdei  hi*  eye, 

and  wpanU,  sod   less  in  •gTOsmeat  Tfaea,  too,  evetybodj  expeet«pnuae  of 

with  each  other,  while  in- the  "Demo-  coune,  and  so  ranch  priTa[«  influence  ia 

emtio  ReTiew,"  there  is  »  prBTuting  nude  for  a  complimentuy   eeaieoce, 

tone  of  BeDtiment  and  an  naanimit)'  of  that  if  the  plain  tiulh  la  told  bnt  once  in 

^tiit  fltiftji^  between  all  the  wiiteia  ten  timea,  the  poor  critic  niast  make 

fin  it.  at  leaat  one  enemj. — Unfoi1aiuUel;,too, 

The  .  ooDolading  niche,  we  reaerrfl  the  aitoatien  of  parties,  the  biaa  of  par- 

for  Dnr  Magazine,  aa  the  best  critica,  tisau  feeling,  can  hardlj  fail  to  infloBitco 

both  in   ana  oot   of  the   oonntry,  of  even  litenrf  critieiam,  thon^  they  fall 

bodi  partiea,  Ijeely  allow:  and  na  we  istalhiaaintoamHchleaaeXtent  istbia 

lATenU  jndieioDa  Mr.  Editor  bj  our  oonntTjtbaainEnglaod.  There  the  go- 

nde,  to  espuof^  aoTihiug  which  may  Teraatent  preaa  haa  fonnd  itself,  jeai 

o&ud  a  genuine  Bodeaty  (the  aecom-  after  yeai,  the  fooleat  parlT  tooL 
paniment  of  aa  true  wottb  aad  ability),       Amerioaii  Editor*,  aa  a  ehas,  fana  » 

ot  which  we  tnut  he  will  not  curtail  na  b«dj  of  direwd,  aenaible,  actire  think- 

dioiild  ba  aee  tbia  ebollitiM  of  iperaon-  eta  and  wiiiera,  with  a  daab  of  homor, 

■Utr  be&te  it  ia  iRerocably  in  print  afiindof  ready  pleaaantty,  and  inelade, 

Qaifvttbe  time  he  can't  make  oat  dot  among  the  batter  isnka,  aome  of  the 

aenwl,  ao  we  ahaU  hope  to  eaeape  bia  lineat  minda  and  moat  geotlemanlr  sen, 

?re  this  lime,  aa  we  hare  done  btuore).  in  tbia  or  any  other  cooDtrr.     Newa- 

be  Demociatic  can  not  only  boaat  of  papera  bring  t^ethor  all  the  floating 

the  Btrongeat  wriiera,  bat  alao,  in  many  talent  in  the  profeaaions,  no  laaa  than 

inataaoea,  of  tiie  best   writinga  from  the  most  intelligent  traders  and  men  of 

their  pena :  ibe  foema  of  Lowell  and  bnainBaa,  aa  well  aa  a  few  profeaaed 

Whittier :  the  criticism  of  the  criticB  schcdara.     Many  a   writer  here,  mnat 

rflaoian,  Shellar,  and  Sydney  Smith ;  become  an  editor  to   obtain   literary 

the  allegoiiaa  of  Hawthorne,  the  po-  caste,  ainoe  odi  only  two  diatinctly  re- 

liahed  paraphraatio  reraions  of  ETerelt,  cognized  literary  classes  (not  included 

with  bia  fceen  and  el^ant  pen :  the  In-  in  the  three  learned  piofeasiena)  aie 

diBB  reaearohea  rf  Mr.   Seboolcraft :  editors  of  loamals  and   profeeaors  in 

tba  antiqnariannm  of  Mi.  Sannders  :  oollegea.    Editors  of  booas,  the  world 

aniited  tranalatioDa  from  French  and  OTer,  are  ^merally   a  acnbby  race, 

Qernan ;  the  oeoaaional  Incabntiona  writing  their  namea  and  titlea  on  the 

'  of  Butler,  Bancroft,  and  indeed,  almost  title    page    quite   oonspicaonaly,  and 

erery  oleTar  writer  of  the  great  Demo-  throwing  the  anthor  of  the  Tolome  en- 

ontie  party ;   to  ear  notUne  of  the  tirely  in   the    ahade.    This    kind   of 

Tariooa  and  skilful  l^rs  of  the  Pali-  editor  plomea  himaelf  on  a  pre&ce  aod 

mma  of  the  bark.    If  with  thia  array  notes,  more  highly  than  the  original 

of  namea  aod  aitielea  worthy  o[  them,  writer  did  on  the  body  of  hia  work.  As 

thia  Monthly  does  not  deserre  (aa  it  a  claaa,  the  joamal^taare  cmaiderably 

indeed  holda)  the  firat  place,  we  know  in  advance  of  the  profesaors :  aniting 

not  the  Joomal  among  Anwican  Maga-  the  opposite  charactera  of  acbolars  and 

sioes  that  deea.  men  i^  the   world  :  both   readers  and 

We  ahafloflfer  nothing  farther  in  eon-  writers;    anthers  and  critics;   at  the 

demnatioB  of  too  much  of  the  Qorrent  aame  time,  men  of  action  and  specnla- 

newspuer  eritieism  beyond  ooi  etrio-  tire    obaervera  of  the  great  Drama  of 

tnrea  of  laat  mwith.    We  are,  bowerer,  Life  going  on  before  them.     A  foil 

awaie  tiiat  much  may  be  koneady  aaid  in  list  of  the  gennine  working  editors  of 

palliation  of  its  defeola.  The  Sjditor,  in  the  ooontry   would    comprise   almost 

moatcaaae,  haa  too  mnchworit  put  upon  erery  name  of  any  note  oi  mark  in  ont 

him ;  Tery  seldom,  is  there  aoytbug  literature.   Tory  few  are  the  American 

like  a  &jr  diriaion  of  labor.  Too  often,  -  writers,  who  have  not  at  some  one  pe- 

politJca,  news,  oily  goasip,  theatrical  riod  or  another  of  their  career  played 


criticism,  notices  of  new  books  come  the  part  of  editor,  asaooiata  or  aub- 

bom  the  aame  hand  which  indites  pa-  altem.    To  mention  name>  ia  snper- 

ngn[As  OD  pietorea,  the  atieeta,  and  fluona :  from  onr  first  poets  down  to  the 

tke  health  of  Uia  ci^.    MaBeams,nia-  huablest  weekly  theatrical  critic,  dw 

ne,  metehaodise,  mechanic's  inatilntea,  inetancea  are  abundant.    The  oanaea  of 

medical  refiitma  and  madieioe, chnrch  ioefficientedittngorpartial  critieiam  or 

history — to  exempli^  the  motley  lopKa  weakneaa   in  discusaion,  which  most 


dogle 


ISM.]                               w»t.  am 

■ometimea  occur,  hxn  tbeir  foundation  t    elioei<nI   diapodtion    enliren*   lift 

in  the-proper  WMit  of  tniniog  utd  Id-  iUelf. 

telleciual  requiaiteHfor  EacecBB.    Hurt  We  hi,Te  thus  gUuoed  &t  the  princi- 

vditoTB  commeaee  the  pnnnit  too  ear-  pal  topicB  of  oar  mibject,  niihoat  t^ 

W  :  jnst  after  leaving  collsga  or  gn-  vaj  means  eihanatitig  it.    Good  CTiti- 

dciatuig    as   attOTnevB ;  without  mnch  etsm,  deapite  the  aiooere  piaise  of  tbs 

ezpeiieuce  of  life,  hale  knowledre  of  almoat  omremloleTerneaaof  ourwrit- 

partjr  potitica,  roach  ignomice  of  oni  eta,  ta  atill  comparatiTely  rare.    Tbo 

political  hiaiory  and  foreign  ulationa  ;  public  tasM  leqaiiea,  hotreTeT,  maeh 

with  no  ezperienee  in  the  ait  of  eiiti-  mora  education,  than  the  priTau  jndff> 

cianiiTeryuttleEoneralfeotiteinpararj)  ment  of  jountaliata,  who  know  what  m 

lilaratnro,  though  othenriae  bii  echo-  neadad,n]t  who  final  good  eriliciam  too 

laia.      With  anch  alight  piepaiatione,  often  inefficient, 

how  ia  a  writer  to  be  able,  lUDoat  ex-  Pure  literair  critieism,  do  leu  than 

tamporaneoQaly,  to  form  opiniona  on  a  high  moral  atand&rd  of  right,  moat 

i^nMtiona  of  political  eoononij  or  na-  exert  a  moot  aalntur  inflaenoe  npra 

twQsl  law — to  Jadga  aocnratelr  and  the  public  mind.    The   moraliat   and 

deacribe  vividlf  the  chsractera  of  Iaad>  the  critic,  maj  indand  go  hand  in  band 


mpreaeion  of  a  two  eoinctde,  and  require  mutual  aid. 
e,  diBiingatsfa  the  Manj  aimilar  qneationa  dailj  ariao  ■• 
meabea  of  a  riot,  or  analjae  the  inei-  to  thia  landcDejr  and  aim,  no  jeaa  than 
denta  of  a  batiel  T  With  what  an  noto-  u  to  the  iotrinue  merit,  of  a  book  or  an 
tored  eye  he  will  regard  paintinga!  antbor,  apl»  or  an  opera,  a  pictureoi 
wed  a  Ihonaand  thinga  qnite  new  to  a  sermoD-  Hence  we  look  for  a  better, 
him,  but  which  ha  abould  know  ereiy-  a  pnrer,  a  more  enlightened  and  liberal 
thing  about,  if  he  erei  especta  to  b«-  acnool  of  criticism  than  has  vet  aub- 
Bome  a  clear  critic.  Much  general  aisted  here.  The  msterisla  tor  it  an 
acqniiement,  knowledge  of  life  and  profuaelr  aaatleied  oier  the  broad  tet- 
ohanuiter,  dabbling  in  seieuee  and  the  titorj  oi  these  States ;  the  spirit  is  not 
aita,  tborongh  knowledge  of  tustory,  wanting  in  individual  scholars ;  only 
and  (at  least)  American  politics  and  &n  union  and  harmonj  of  effort  are  re- 
eeonamy,  with  good  sense  and  good  qnisite  to  eatabliah  a  tone  of  thought 
feeling,  honaatj,  tact,  taste,  judgment,  and  a  standaid  of  appeal,  noat  e^«- 
aod  a  atyle,  elear,  readable  and  attrae*  cially  necessary  in  the  freest  of  modern 
tife — these  are  neceaaaiy  for  all.  In  states,  irtieie  personal  independence 
the  firat  claas  of  the  profession,  more  is  abould  be  baaed  on  the  wiaeat  conacian- 
expected  :  diatingnianed  logical  pow-  tiousoeia,  to  preserve  liberty  from  de- 
era,  a  pore  tone  of  elcTated  popular  seneratiog  into  lieentioosDesa,  and 
eloquence,  and  that  delightfnl  turn  for  democracy  from  falling  into  popolu 
pleaaantrj  that   enliTena  t  paper,  as  diaorder. 


WORK. 
Bt  Elisuith  B.  BjkBnrrr. 
Wbat  ate  we  set  on  earth  for  T    Say,  to  toi^ 
Nor  seek  to  leare  thy  tending  of  the  fines, 
For  all  the  heat  o'  the  day,  till  it  declines. 
And  death'a  mild  cniftw  shall  from  work  assoiL 
Ood  did  anoint  thee  with  his  cdorons  oil, 
To  wrestle,  not  to  reign ;  and  Ha  assigna 
All  thy  teaia  over,  like  pure  oryatallines, 
For  yoanger  fellow-worken  oTthe  soil 
To  wear  loc  omdets.    So  othera  abatt 
Take  patience,  labor,  to  theii  heart  and  handa, 
From  thr  handa,  and  thy  heart,  and  thy  brave  cheer. 
And  God's  grace  fmctify  thron^h  thee  to  all. 

The  least  flower,  with  a  briminiag  cnp,  may  aland,  ^  i 

And  ahaie  ita  dew-drop  with  another  near.  i  utizcd  =y  LjOOQ  IC 


ITU  Temat  Quution.  [S«pt. 


THE  TEXAS  QUESTION. 

A  LITTER  rSOM  ALIXUTDIK  B.  ETKRBTT. 

To  ae  Editor  of  ihi  Donocntle  Eerlew.  atningly  dispMed  ihu  myself  to  (re»t 

My  DEAR  FHiEND  : — Yoa  reqneBt  ma  the  aonftcieniioaa  Bcraplea  of  every  ono 

to  commDiiicRte  to  yon,  for  pnblication,  with  the  highest  respeet.    I  maat  »a.j, 

my  TiewB  upon  the  qneBtioo  of  the  Aa-  howerer,  thfti  on  the  moat  carefiJ  ooa- 

neution  of  Texsa.    I  cheerfully  com-  sideratioa  of  the  ctrcnmataDceB  of  the 

Cty  with  tbia  request,  Although  I  e&n  preaant  case,  any  daabta  of  thia  kind 

udly  hope  that  I  ahalt  be  able  to  throw  &PP^  to  me  to  be  entirely  auperfiuons. 

any  new  light  upon  the  sabjeet,  after  The    dtjectioni    which  hate    been 

the  loDB- and  careful  discuseioii  which  chiefly  nrgad  are — thewantof  coDStita- 

it  haa  already  ondergoiie.  tiooal  power  iadie  goremntent  to  make 

It  IB  one  upon  which,  at  first  blneh,  it  the  acqaisitioa ;  reapeot  for  the  aappos- 

wonld  hardly  be  BnppoBed  that  there  ed  lighta  of  Mexico ;  and  the  beuins  of 

oonld  bs  two  opiniona ;  dot  would  there,  the  meaatire  npon  the  great  and  dUE- 

probably,  have  been  mach  diviaion'  of  cnlc  question  of  slavery.    I  will  nuka 

■entimeat  aboot  it,bad  itnot  been'aTbi-  a  few  leinarkB  npon  each    ol  theao 

trarily  eoDoecled  with  psrly  oontrover-  tcmiea ;  enlarging  chiefly  npon  the  last, 

BisB  growioK  out  of  other  qaeations.  which  has  perhaps  been  aomewhat  less 

The  political  advantages  of  the  acqnisi-  aatisiactoiily  treated  than  the  othera. 

tion  of  this  territory  are,  in  fact,  too  A  supposed  want  of  cooBtita tiooal 

obviooB  to  BBoape  the  attention  of  any  power  in  the  government  ia  a  fevorite 

one.    A  vast  region,  ioolnding  from  ground  of  oppoaition  to  almost  every 

three  to  four  bondred  thousand  square  measure  that  is  thought  on  other  ao- 

milesof  the  most  productive  land  in  the  counts  to  be  objectionable;  for  the  obvi- 

world — enjoying  a  delightful  climate—  oub  reason  that,  if  made  oat,  it  ia  per- 

communicating  by  a  number  of  noble  emptory  and  decisive.    But  I  recollect 

livers  and  by  a  long  tine  of  coast  with    no  instance,  in  which,  b~  '~   '* 

onr  great  WcBtero  Mediterranean —  me,  it  haa  been  urged  wi 
contiguous  to  onr  territory — peopled  in  bility  than  the  prsaeol  c 
B  great  measure  by  oar  citizens,  the  thonty  to  admit  new  states  ii.  . 
flower  of  onr  gallant  Sonlheni  and  Union  is  not  a  constmctive  or  doubtlnl 
Western  chivalry — that  such  a  domain,  power,  bat  is  given  indirect  aodnn- 
so  aitaated,  should  be  re^tfrded  by  all  onalifled  terms  by  the  letter  of  the 
■8  a  most  desirable  acquisition,  seems  Constitution — "  New  states  may  be 
to  be  a  matter  of  course.  It  was,  in  admitted  by  the  Congress  into  this 
&ct,  so  regarded  by  all  until  very  re-  Union."  Certain  qualiGoationa  ue 
cently.  Evennowthe  opponentsof  the  added  in  regard  to  the  formation  of 
anoexation-^-with  perhaps  some  on-  new  states  out  of  territory  already 
important  individnal  or  eectional  ex-  organized  in  this  way ;  bnt,  as  they 
ceptjcns — aclinawledge  the  immeDse  have  no  bearing  upon  the  general 
advantages  that  would  result  from  this  clause,  they  leaTe  it,  exceptinB-  m  tliis 
measure,  and  are  only  prevented  from  lespect,  entirely  unenctimbered  by  any 
nving  it  their  support  by  conscientious  qouification  or  restriction  whatever, 
difficalties  whicn  operate  upon  Uieir  So  far  as  constitutional  power  is  con- 
minds  as  objections.  That  scruples  of  cemed,  Coogreas  have  as  perfect  a 
tiiis  kind — assuming,a«incourtesyand  right  to  admit  Great  Britain,  France 
charity  we  are  bound  to  do,  that  they  or  China  into  the  Union,  as  Wisoonsia, 
are  entirely  sincere,  should  have  been  Florida  or  Iowa, 
permitted  to  obstmct,  perhaps  defeat  If  it  be  sng^ted  that  the  framers  of 
forever,  a  "  coDsnimnation so  devoutly  the  Constitution  could  not  possibly 
to  be  wished,"  is  an  oocorrence  have  intended  to  confer  on  Congress 
which,  uivler  one  of  its  aapecta,  does  to  large  a  discretion,  and  that  it  was 
great  honor  to  the  national  character.  probabTjr  their  deaign  to  restrict  tlw 
Lgdiridaallyi   no    one   eao   be   mote  powen  ia  question  to  states  formed  out, 

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less  plana 
I.    mai 


ISU.]                                    Tht  Ttxat  QuuUon.  SSI 

ofterritorrUieabdonguigto  the  Union,  tome  extent  at  the  period  of  the  aioo- 

vt  aome  one  of  its  memben,  it  !■  only  lion  of  the  constitntion.     Among  ue 

necean^  to  tKj  in  lepl  j,  that,  on  that  KtiTe  statesmen  of  that  Avj  tfaete  vers 

■nppoeition,  the  laogDKge  emplojed  bj  Mme  who  considered  it  the  principet 

tbe  framera  of  the  ConetitDtion  went  abject  of  the  refona  then  effected  to 

bejrond  their  mteDtione,  einee  the  jmwer  coneolidate  the  thirteen  atatee,  as  fa 

is  actiullf  ipreo,  wi^urat  lestnctioni  ts  possible,  into  one  national  repoblie, 

^  any  kind,  and  in  nneqaiTocal  terms,  and  who  believed  that  a  goTeieineot  of 

In  reality,  howeTer,  it  is  known  that  this  kind  conld  not  with  advantage  be 

the  langnage  of  the  Constitation,  in-  extended  over  a  large  expanse  of  teiri- 

•tead  of  transcending  the  intentions  of  tory.  This  idea  is,  nnder  all  its  aspects, 

those  who  employed  it,  was  entirely  inconsistent  with  the  expeiience  of  the 

confonnahle  to  them.     It  anpeara,  from  world,  and  has  lost,  I  apprehend,  long 

the  reports  (tf  the  proceedings  of  the  since,  whatever  popnlanty  it  may  ono» 

Federil  Convention,  that «  form  of  the  have  had.  It  eeems  to  be  a  mere  imag- 

'          '  I  qnestion  was  at  one  time  ination,  thrown  out  without  any  proof 


propoeed,  and  evenadopt^,  reetrictinr  whatever,  by  the  monarchical  writers 
the  power  of  admission  to  siateB  formed  of  Europe,  for  the  purpose  of  disctedit- 
ont  of  territoiT  then  belonging  to  the  ing  a  repnblioan  form  of  polity,  and  con- 
Union,  and  that  the  reetnctioo  was  demning  the  states  l^  which  it  ia 
afterwards  omitted.  It  was  a  favorite  adopted  to  perpetual  insignificance, 
idea  witb  the  statearoen  of  the  revolu-  The  most  illustriouB,  powerfiil  and  ex- 
tionarj  period  that  Canada,  with  per-  tensive  states  of  ancient  times,  inclnd- 
baps  some  others  of  the  British  provin-  ing  Rome  and  Carthage,  were,  through- 
oes,  shonid  be  bionght  into  the  coafed-  out  all  the  better  and  more  brilliant 
eraey;  and  it  vras  probably  with  a  view  periods  of  their  existence,  republics. 
to  some  reanit  of  this  kind,  that  the  Repablican  Genoa,  Venice,  and'  Uol- 
clanee  was  finally  pot  into  its  piesenl  land,  figured,  in  turn,  as  the  dominant 
shape.  However  this  may  be,  it  is  at  maritime  powers  of  the  eastern  world, 
all  events  certain  that  the  present  form  Eneland,  their  euccesaor  in  this  respect, 
of  the  elanse  was  not  the  result  of  is,  like  them,  substantially  an  ansto- 
haste  or  accident,  but  was  agreed  upon  cratical  republic,  with  a  strong  and 
after  a  full  consideration  andeven  tern-  eonstantlT  iaoreasing  demtlcratic  tend- 

Sinry  adoption  of  a  different  principle,  ency.  But,  icdependentlv  of  this  con- 
here  is,  therefore,  no  pretext  what-  sideration,  the  form  which  our  inetitu- 
ever  for  the  supposition  that  the  ttone  have  aasnmed  in  practice,  tat- 
framersof  the  Constitution  incidentally  nishea  of  itself  a  completely  decisive 
gave  to  their  language  a  larger  extent  reply  to  this  objection.  Whatever  may 
than  they  intended.  have  been  the  opinions  or  the  wishes  of 

Mr.   Van  Buien  haa  disenssed  this  someof  tbe  statesmen  concerned  in  the 

point  in  his  late  letter  with  nnanswer-  formation  of  the  constitation,  in  regard 

able  logic,  and  in  a  way  which  reallr  to  tbe  resnlt  of  the  system  therebr  es- 

leares  nothing  to  be  added  or  desired.  tabUshed,  it  has  certainly  developed 

In  aid  of  tbe  objection  of  a  want  of  itself  in  the  character  of  a  confederacy 
ConstitationBl  power,  it  ia  sometimes  of  substantially  independentstate8,held 
urged  that,  even  were  there  no  difficnl-  together  by  a  common  authority,  of 
ty  of  this  kind  in  reprd  to  tbe  exten-  which  the  principal  faoction  is  to  main- 
sion  of  onr  territory  beyond  the  limits  tain  peace  among  the  members  of  the 
of  the  original  thirteen  stales,  soch  ex-  Union  and  with  foreign  nations.  Oar 
ienaioQis,initself,inexpedieDt,fromita  system  exemplifies  more  fully  than  it 
tendency  to  weaken  tbe  efficiency  of  the  has  ever  been  exemplified  before,  and 
eeneral  government,  and  perhaps  en-  prc^bly  to  as  great  an  extent  as  it 
danger  the  conlinnance  of  the  Union,  can  be  redueed^o  practice,  the  beauti- 
Ttiia  view  was  presented  vriih  a  good  ful  idea  of  perpetual  Peace.  This  ia 
deal  of  argracy  m  New  England  on  the  the  great  practical  resnlt  of  onr  institn- 
occasioD  of  the  annexation  of  Lonisi-  tioos,  and  the  one  throngh  which  chief- 
ana,  and  \f  still  insisted  on  by  aome  per-  ly  they  work  ont  tbe  miracles  of  pro- 
sons  of  no  inconsiderable  authority,  in-  gresa  in  population,  wealth,  and  im- 
clnding  Mr.  Webster.  provemeot,  that  we  daily  witness.    It 

Tbie  notion  seems  to  have  had  ita  u  obviona  that  such  a  sjrstem  has  no 

origin  in  an  opinion  which  prevailed  to  necessary  territorial  limits,  excepting 


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SU  TMe  Teta*  QuatimL  [8»pU 

thoM  which  an  imposed  by  eonsidera>  in  die  political  oMstitutioB  oF  tb&t  Sft- 

tioRS  of  mere  pbjBiol  coaTeaisDoa  : —  pnblic,  isoladcB,  wa  tre  told,  an  ex- 

ihu  it  might  M  carried  OTei  the  whole  lanoiTe  region  which  has  never  been 

^obe,  if  it  were  conTeoieDt  for  depa*  brought  BDder  the  juiiediction  of  ih« 

ties  from  eTery  p&rt  of  the  globe  to  as-  Texian   gcTenimeiit,  bat  haa    alw^s 

semble  regularlv  at  any  one  poiat  for  been,  uid  still  is,  in  poaMssinn  of  Mez- 

tbe  deapaich  of  public  bnsineaa.    Tiis  ieo.   The  aooexation  of  Texas,  aapto* 

Umila  assigned  by  physicalooDTenicaee  Tided  for  in  the  Treaty,  if  carried  into 

to  the  ultimate  extent  of  oar  own  eon-  effect  by  ibrce,  vonld  amount,  it  is  said, 

feders«^  seem  to  be  those  of  ths  north-  t«  the  aeiicre  of  whole  proTiuces,  rar- 

eni  cectioDBof  onr  continent ;  and  there  chance  two  or  three  statea,  including 

ean  be  very  little  doubt  that  it  will  at  thecityofSantaFe,whiohare  not  only 

Boroe  ftilnre  period  occupy  the  whole  eUimed,  bat  actually  andri^tfhllybeld 

territory  from  the  lathmna  of  Darien  to  hy  the  Mexican  goTemment.  This  point 

the  DortherD  ocean.  While  the  pstriotio  has  been    presMd  very  earnestly  in 

eitisen  can  hare  no  motive  for  willing  seTeral  quarters,   and  partlcolatly   by 

to  pTeci[Htate  this  result  in  auy  of  its  C*^  Benton,  in  his  able  apeeohes  in  IM 

parts,  so  he  can  hare  Done  for  wiabing  Senate  upon  the  ratification  of  ths 

to  prerent  or  delay  it,  wherever  circom-  Treaty. 

■tsDcet  naturally  concur  to  bring  it       If  it  oonld  be  supposed  to  have  been 

about,  fromany  apprehension  of  danger  theialention  of  the  Gavermnent  of  tha 

oonaected   with  the   extension  of  our  United  States,  in  making  the  Treaty, 

territory.    The  annexatioo  of  Texas  ia  to  obtain  posaesaion  of  any  territorj 

a  measnre  to  which  our  country  has  aetnatly  belonging  to  and  in  possession 

been  brought,  with  very  litde  effort —  of   Hexico,  the    objection    would,  no 

perhspa  we  may  rather  say,  with  a  sort  doubt,  be  entitled  to  great  considera- 

of  coy  relaotanoe  on  oar  part, — by  tha  tion,  to  far  as  it  could  be  ^plied,  which 

force  of  eaase*  in  a  great  measure  be-  would  obviously  be  only  to  the  part  of 

yond  OUT  control.    Whatever  may  bo  Texas  so  utnated.    On  this  sappoettion 

the  ultimate  fate  of  the  treaty  lately  re-  the  true  way  of  averting  the  diffionltj 

Jected  by  the  Senate,  no  hnntan  power  would  have  be«),  to  ratify  the  Treaty 

can  prevent  this  measure  liom  being  with  an  express  definition  of  a  western 

carried  into  effect  wiUiin  a  very  few  boundary,  on  a  condition  that  the  terii- 

yeara.    This  being  the  case,  it  must  be  tary  annexed  should  not  be  understood 

a^nrent  to  everv  one  that  tha  sooner  to  include  any  region  not  actually  in 

it  la  eonannunaied,  the  better  it  will  be  possession    of  Texas.    A  conditional 

for  all  the  parties  concerned.  ratification  of  this  kind  might,  perhaps, 

Snppoeing  the  annexation  of  Texas  nnder  all  the  cireumstancea,  have  beso 

to  be  in  conformity  with  the  constitn-  preferable  to  an  unconditional  one.    It 

tion,  and  not  inexpedient,  merely  as  an  ie,however,  apparent,  on  the  &ce  of  the 

extensioD  of  temtory,  it  is  next  urged,  whole  question,  Ihal  the  Oovernment  of 

that  we  cannot  aaaeotto  it  coneisteutly  the  United  States  have  no  iuteotioo  to 

with  oar  friendly  lelatiooa  to  Mexico,  encroach  on  the  actual  jurbdiction  of 

This  is  the  objection  which  has  been  Hesioa.     It  is  axpreaely  stated,  on  our 

most  strongly  insisted  on,  and  whioh  aide  of  the  correspondence,  that  tha 

probably   occasioned  the  rqection  of  western  boundary  is  to  be  setUed  by  an 

ths  treaty  by  tha  Senate,  so  fu  as  that  amicable  arrangement  with  tbe  Man- 

raanit  was  foooded  in  oonsiderationa  can  Government,  and  in  a  spirit  of  tha 

growing  directly  ont  of  the  merits  of  most  liberal  eousuleraUon  for  any  weQ- 

tne  caae.    Whatever  may  ba  the  troa  founded  pretensiona  on  her  side.   God- 

Tslne    of  this  aivnment,   impartially  aidered  under  this  aspect,  the  objection 

Tiewed,  it  is  oaMainly  bontMabla  to  the  seems  to  be  entirely  destitute  of  any 

eharaoteT  of  the  ooontry,  that  so  much  substantial  baaia. 
delicacy  rikould  have  bean  exUlHtad  in       In  its  application  to  the  tarritarr  ac- 

i^ard  to  the  prMeanona  of  a  foreign  tnally  m  poesesstoo  of  Texaa,  it  rests 

power,  &om  whioh  we  hare  ao  little,  on   diSerent    grounds,    and    may    ba 

ander  sny  oirenmstancea,  to  apprehesd.  thongfat,  at  first  view,  to  wear  a  rather 

na  (AjectioB  presents  itaelf  under  two  more  serious  character,  but    will  ba 

different  aapects,  upon  eadi  of  which  I  found,  in  reality,  whether  tested  by  the 

will  malte  a  few  remarlts.  rules  and  nsagas  coostitoting  wMt  ia 

.T1iataidtorTorTaxBs,a(  dasoribed  commonly  callad  tha  law  of  nationa, 


r^oogic 


I9H.]                                 I%t  TtMM  QuuHtH.  US 

by  tbe  piineifdas  «f  isbMaatwl  JiMin,  of  Enrope  ftUowad  on  nunpio.  It 
to  be  Mveiylitllo  impOTtaDse.  It  ia  nxy,  Uieiefore,  be  auiuiied  that  wa 
qaite  true  th&t  we  h»e  no  rigbt  or  pre-  were  Ihu  fsi  in  tho  right.  Teu*  it, 
tenion  to  interfero  in  the  intenal  eon-  in  tmtt,  u  we  hiTO  unoDDCod  it  to  ba, 
caniB  of  otbsr  isdepeiMleDt  nalioiM — Is  an  iwlependent  Stale.  Vfiax  foilom  * 
decide,  for  eiample,  in  thii  paiticnlu  ObrioDBlv,  tbu  we  are  antborized  (a 
eaae,  whether  Teia*  waa  right  in  do-  deal  with  Texaa,  by  word  utd  deed,  sa 
eUiiog  independence,  or  whether  Mex>  an  independent  State,  aocarding  to  the 
ieo  ta  right  in  seeking  to  depriTe  her  of  naoal  nuea  of  intemaliooal  intereoitrae, 
it;  bq|  it  is  not  true,  that  in  deahsg  without  regard  to  the  bearing  which  oni 
with  Texaa  a*  an  independent  nation  in  proeeedinga  maj  hare  upon  tbe  preten- 
aof  way  that  the  law  of  nation*  may  dona  of  Mexico,  In  acting  apon  tbia 
■nthorize,  without  regard  to  tbe  bear-  principle,  w«  do  wt  andartake  to  do- 
ing which  our  acta  nay  bave  npon  tbe  eide  whether  theae  pretanaiooa  wera 
iaiereata  of  Mexico,  wo  make  tnj  each  original);  wall  or  ill  looDded.  W«  giie 

CBaion.    In  acknowledging  the  in-  no  opinion  upon  the  merita  of  tbe  qnes- 

.    ideace  of  Texaa,  we  did  not  on-  tion  once  at  nine  between  the  partiea. 

dertake  to  hj  which  of  the  two  partiea  We  naerely  act  npon  the  privilege  ao- 

to  tbe  prerioaaly  exiatin^  war  waa  in  anmed  in  out  preTiooa  acknowledgment 

tbe  right,  or  to  interfere  is  sdt  wa^  in  of  tiie  independence  of  Texaa,  that  tbia 

the  ioiernal  coneema  of  the  Mexiean  qneetion  baa   been  aettlsd, — that    tbe 

Repablio.    We  conaidered  tbe  iode-  oaae,  wbateTer  its  merit*  mj  hare 

pendence  of  Texas  an  eatahlishod  fhet ;  bean,  baa  had  its  torn  in  that  high  coort 

■ltd,  this  being  asanned,  we  knew  that  of  destiny  from  whose  decision  there 

we  were  anthoriied  by  the  taw  of  na-  lies  no  a|neal,  and  has  there  been  sd- 

liena  to  deal  with  her,  m  aTer;  reapect,  Jndged.    We  gire  no  opinion  npon  the 

by  word  awl  by  deed,  aa  an  indepan-  Justice  of  the  *entBi]ee.     We  only  as- 

dent  nation,   Om  intention  to  do  bo  waa  eame  that  it  ia  binding  upon  os  and  all 

annoanced  to  tbe  world  in  the  nenal  other  nations,  including — whether  abe 

way,  by  tbe  appointment  of  adicrlomatio  choose  to  acknowledge    it   or  not — 

agent  to  raaide  at  the  aeat  of  tbe  Got-  Mexico. 

eniment.    Then,  if  arer,  waa  the  time  Now  the  law  of  naiiona  and  aabatan- 

for  Mexico  to  take  exception  to  oor  tial  jostice,  as  generally  nnderstood  and 

pdiey-    Noqe  was  taken,   nor  conld  acted  on  thronghoat  the  world,  folly 

Hbtb   been    taken  with  a  shadow  of  aothoriae  any  one  independent  nation 

plmaibilily.      The   Mexican   GoTCm-  to  asenme  jarisdiction  otct  any  other, 

tnent,  as  embodied  in  the  person  of  lier  that  may  TolantarilT,  for  reasons  aatia- 

I^aident,  who  baa  been  substantially  ftctory  to   itself,  desire  or  assent  to 

for  many  years  past,  like  Louis  the  auch  an  arraagement.    Tlie  case  ia  a 

Foarteenth  of  Fnnee,  "  himself  the  oommoa  one,  and  is  never  regarded  by 

State,"  had  already  acknowledged  the  third  partiea  aa  furnishing  any  gronnd 

independence  of  Texas,  under  eirenm-  for  complaint.      In  making  anaoga- 

stanees  which  rendered  tbe  ackoow-  meats  for  the  annexation  of  Texas  to 

ladgment  biftdmg,  in  tbe  etiictest  niin-  the  United  States,  the  two  nations  ex- 

ner,  not  only  npon  bis  official  reepon-  ercise  a  right  iodispntably  belonging  to 

sibiiity,  bnt  npon  his  personal  honor  a*  them  as  actual  and  acknowledged  mem* 

aman,  and  which  released  the  Uoited  beraofthegreattamilyof  Christendom. 

State*  from  erery  appearance  of  obli-  If  the  act  interfere  in  any  war  with  the 

eation  to  respect  any  claims  that  Mex-  pretensioos  of  Mexico,  aa  defined  by 

Ieo  might  make  npon  the  territory  in  berself,  it  ia  because  sbe  chooses  to 

question.  make  pretensions,  in  regard  to  Texas, 


Bat  laying  out  of  tha  esse  for  tbe  wbich  she  has  not  the  means  of  ren- 

Ereseof  the  proTious  acknowledgment  dering  eSeotual.    Wa  make  no  inquiry 

y    Santa  Ana,    and  looking   at    tha  into  the  ralidity  of  these  pretensions, 

qneation  merely  nnder  ita  general  as-  Should  she  aver  be  able  to  enforce  tlMm, 

pect,  we  had  announced  to  tbe  world  wa  shall  feel  oorselTea   bound  10  ao- 

that  Texas  was,  in  fact,  an  independent  knowledge  the  reality  of  the  new  state 

aation,— that  we  had  a   right,   were  of  facta  that  woold  then  exist,  but  in 

bonnd  in  doty,  and  were  determined,  ia  dealing  with  tha  present  aa  it  is,  a*> 

Eut,  to  deal  with  her  aa  such.    Mexico  cording  to  the  acknowledged  principles 

took  no  exception.    The  great  powera  of  law  and  joalice— princiides  not  dis- 


Googlc 


S64                                        Tht  TeM/  Quttlion.  C^F*- 

puted  hj  Mexico  faenelf— we  do  no  by  the  iaugiuty  olftiou  of  Mexteo, 

wrong  to  her,  although  oni  policj  m&y  would  be  tmjiut  not  only  to  ouraelTes 

operate  unfaTorabiy  upon  her  ability  but  to  Texas, 

to  eafoTce  her  imaginaiy  preteiwioii*.  Such  is  thd  aspect  of  tbe  queation, 

Cues  of  a  strictly  panllel  charao-  aa  tested  by  the  rules  of  iDlemational 

ter  are  often  oocaniugiothehiatorj  of  law.     We  bsTsa  perfect  right  to  deal 

OUT  foreign  relations.    Thus  we  are  with  Texas  a«  an  iudepeudent  sutej 

Dudet  the  same  obligation  not  to  inter-  and  we  have  a  perfeot  right  to  annex 

meddle  in  the  eoniioversies  of  foreign  to  our  territoiy  tbatof  any  iudepeDdcut 

powers  with  each  other  agaiost  their  state  which  is 'willing  to  sgiee  to  such 

wish,  as  we  are  not  to  interfere  in  their  annexation.    If  either  of  these  piopo- 

internal  affairs.    But  when  they  make  siiions  be  doubtful,  it  is  the  former,  and 

pretensioDB   upon  each  other,  which  that  will  hardly  be  contested  by  any 

oome  into  eonnlot  with  our  ligbts  m  an  one,  at  least  in  this  country, 

independent  state,  we  disregard  their  But  sapposiDge*eD  that  fonnal  right, 

eloims,  and,,  if  necessary,  compel  them  the  letter  of  the  law,  woold  authoriw 

by  force  to  desist ; — a  much  Btronger  the  annexation,  do  not  the  courtesy  and 

case  than  the  present  one.    During  the  eonsideration  which  we  owe  to  a  pow- 

lata    rerolntionar^  wars  in    Europe,  ei  connected  with  us  by  treaties  of 

Great  Britain  claimed  the  right  of  put-  amity  and  commerce,  and  weaker  than 

ting  under  a  constructive  blockade  die  we  are,  require  that  we  ahonld  abstain 

whole  coast  of  the  continent,  and  pro-  from  exercising    eren   acknowledged 

bibited  all  other  nations  from  trading  to  rights  in  a  way  that  might  anieai  like 

itibutwecontiouedtoexereiseoarright  tuingan  tinfaii  advantage  of  our  mi- 

aa  an  independent  state  without  re^ud  periority  !     This  tIsw  of  the  subject 

to  this  absurd  pretension,  and  finally  nsa  often  been  preaanted,  and,  I  think, 

raade  war  upon  Great  Britain  for  thia  with  some  effect.    It  appeala  to  feel- 

ud  other  reasons  of  a  umilai  ehai-  inga  whieh  are  habUnally  oberished  in 

aeter.  erery  honorable  bosdm,  and  are  rarely 

Mr.  Van  Buren  remarks  in  bis  late  inroked  without  success.    In  regard  to 

Letter,  that  he  "  bj  no  means  contends  this  point,  however,   it  may  peihaps 

that  a  formal  recognition  of  the  inde-  well  be  questioned  whether  we  should 

pendence  of  Texas  by  Mexico  is  ne-  show  such  real  friendship  for  Mexico 

cessary  to  justify  us  in  assenting  to  her  by    encouraging  her  in    a    delusion 

annexation  to  the  United  Slates."     In  which  could  have   no   other  ptaciicd 

this  opinion  he  is  probably  tnatained  by  result  than  that  of  betraying  her,  so  &r 

the  nearly  ananimous  seatiinent  of  the  as  she  might  continue  her  attempts  to 

country.    The  formal  recognition  of  subjagateTexas,intoau8eless wasteof 

Mexico  not  being  necessary  to  author-  blood  and  treasure  ;  or,  suoposing  that 

ixe  us  to  deal  with  Texas  in  all  res-  onr  rejection  of  the  propoced  treasure 

gets  as  an  independent  state,  what  is  1  would  be  an  act  of  real  kindness  to 

ridently  nothing  but  hei  really  being  Mexico,     whether    Texas,   a    nearei 

one.     The  moment  when  Texas  really  neighbor  and  still  weaker  power,  would 

became  aa  independent  slate,  was  the  sot  have  a  right  to  complain  of  us  foi 

one  ainca  which  we  and  all  the  rest  of  showing  kindness  to  others  at  her  ex- 

the  world  lisTB  had  the  right  to  deal  pense.     But  waving  these  points,  let 

with  her  in  all  respects  as  an  indepen-  us  see  what  sort  of  a  case  Mexico,  on 

dent  state.    We  had  the  right  before  iheii  view  of  the  subject,  is  able  to 

our  pnhlio  acknowledgment,  supposing  make  out.    If  she  or  any  other  foreign 

her  to  have  been  in  not  independent,  power,  comes  to  us  with  a  claim  foond- 

aa  waa  probably  the  ease  for  some  time  ed  in  right,  we  most  satisfy  it,  at  all 

ptevioos.     By  announcing  to  her  and  haiards  and  sacrifices,  to  the  extent  of 

the  world  that  we  considered  her  as  an  onr  ability.     If  we  are  called  upnMi  to 

itidependent  state,  we  publicly  pledged  grant  Atrots,  to  show  kindness  and 

oorselv^  to  deal  with  her  as  such ;  and  oonrtesy,  the  case  is  different.     Before 

we  cannot,  without  manifest  inoonsis-  Mexico  can  expect  us  to  respond  to 

tency,  proceed  upon  aay  other  princi-  such  a  call,  she  must  lay  open  the  mei- 

ple.    To  act  upon  the  idea  that  the  its  of  the  affair,  and  make  it  appear 

rights  of  Texas  as  an  independent  state,  that  her  cause,  as  against  Texas,  ia 

or  those  of  the  United  States,  to  treat  one  with  which,  as  men,  Christians,  and 

ber  as  such,  are  in  any  way  diminished  friends  of  liberty,  we  ought  to  sym^ 


IBM.]                                     n«  Tetat  QuMfMm.  su 

this*.  CoDudend  nndn  tfai*  Mpect,  lo  mbjagtte  Tezu  1  Tbe  onljr  right- 
how  theo  does  the  cue  stuid  t  Verf  ful  authoritj  which  Mexico  bod  o*flr 
DaaH}',  I  helieTS,  aa  follow*  :  Texas  vru  that  delegated  b;  the  cod- 
Tbe  f^aToroment  of  the  United  States  Btitution  which  Mexico  had  herself 
of  Mexico — ft  confedency,  eooatituted  Bubieited,  ud  which  had  now  no  ex* 
tod  orgsnized  on  the  SKine  pTtDciples  iatence. 

with  onr  own — held  out  indacemenls  to  Had  General  Jackson  in   the  ;eaz 

foieigneis  to  celtle  Texu,  with  Uie  1835,  instead  of  aci]uieBciDg,  as  he  did, 

ef  ideot  puipose  of  inriting  emigration  like  a  piudent  and  {lairiotic  citiien,  in 

from  the  United  Stales.     A  nnmber  of  the  results  of  the  canvass  for  the  Pre* 

oai  citizens  accepted  the  proposal, —  lidencj,  attempted  to  secure  his  elec- 

made  settlements  npon  the  grants  of  tion  by  force,  and  succeeded  in  estab- 

laod,  tiiat  were  offei«d  them, — and  by  lishing  his  power  aver  a  part  of  the 

their  saperior  enterprise  soon  obiainea  Union,  while  the  rest  lefuaed  to  ao- 

tbe  political  control  of  the  proTince.  knowledge  his  authority,  and  declared 

Texas  was  recognized  by  the  existing  itself  independent,  the  ease  would  have 

institutions  as  a  member  of  the  con-  been   parsllGl   to   that   of  Mexico  aod 


federacy,  to  which  it  delegated  by  the  Texas.  Whether  Qeneral  Jackson, 
sict  of  Union  a  portion  of  its  sovereign'  under  these  oircnmstances,  would  have 
tt, — bat,  in  all  other  respects,  was  a    letaioed  his  popularity,  and  wheihsr 


free,  sovereign,  and  indepeudent  State,  the  friends  of  tiberij  and   humanity 

Under  these  circumstances  a  military  thronghoui  the  world  would  have  sjm- 

dkieftain  overthrows  by  violence   tu  pathized  with  him  in  his  attempts  lo 

existing  institntions,  annuls  the  act  of  subjugste  Virginia,  Massachusetts,  or 

Union,  abolishes  the  sovereignty  of  the  whatever  other  States  might  have  held 

Stales,  and  converts  them  aU  by  a  sin-  out  against  him,  are  questions,  whichf 

de  stroke  of  the  pen  into  departmmlt.  of  coarse,  answer  themselves. 

Texas,  not  choosing  to  acqaiesce  in       Thus  far  there  teems  to  be  very  lit- 

tlusiuDoceDtli(tIemsn<euvre,remaiDed,  tie  ia  the  case  of  Mexico  as  against 

of  course,  what  she  was  before,  with  Texas,  which  woold  naturally  lecon^ 

this  differeoce,  that,  as  the  foreign  au-  mend  it  to  onr  favorable  conaideratiao. 

thoritf  to  which  she  had  delegated  a  What    follows  1     Santa  Ana,  in  the 

portion  of  her  sovereignty,  had  ceased  same  spirit  of  lawless  violence  which 

to  exist,  this  qualification  of  bet  sove-  he  had  exhibited  In  overthrowing  the 

reigntj  had  ceased  to  exist  with  it,  establisbed  institutions  of  his  country, 

and  that   she  was  now,  to    all    in-  undertook  to  sabdue  and  bring  under 

tents    and  purposes,   an  independent  his  dominion  bv  force  the  only  State 

Slate.    She  aocordinglj  declared  her  in  the  Union,  wtuch  bad  had  the  firm- 

independence.    This  proceeding  was  hess  to  resist  his  nsurpaiion.    Not  only 

not   in   her   case,  bb   it   had  been   in  eo,  but  in  order  to  take  what  be  doubt- 

onra,    revolutionary    in    form,  thongb  less   regarded  as  a  very  rightful  aiui 

fbouded  in  substantial  justice.     The  proper  teveoge  upon  that  Stale  for  the 

revolution  consisted  in  the  abolition  of  high  crime  and  misdemeanor  of  assert- 

the   preceding   constitution.      The  in-  ing  and  maintaining  her  acknowledged 

dependence  of  Texas  was  a  necessary,  sovereignty,  against  a  military  usurper, 

and,  on  her  part,  involuntary  result  of  he  determined  to  carry  on  the  war  wiih- 

that  revolution.     She  was,  therefore,  out  regard  to  the  usages  of  civilized 

in  form,  as  well  as  in  substaaoe,  en-  nations,  and  aciuallj  slaughtered  hia 

tirely  b  the  right.    She  appeared  as  Misonera,  the  flower  and  piide  of  the 

the  champion  of  law  and  order  against  Texian  army,  in  cold  blood.     Thus 

a  military  nsurpatioa,  and  exhibited  to  perished    tbe    gallant    and    lamented 

the  other  States  of  the  Union,  a  noble  ^'annlng  and    his    comrades, — nsmes 

example  of  firmness  and  {Mtiiotism.  that  will  be  registered  in  the  memory 

Had  mej  been  capable  of  imitating  it,  of  the  friends  of  liberty  with  those  of 

Ifae  usurpation  would  have  been  crushed  tbe  Wsrrens  and  the  Russells.      The 

aod  the  constitution  restored.     What  Texians  proved  to  the  invader,  at  San 

right  had  Sanu  Ana,  or  Mexico,  if  an  Jacinto,  that  they  knew  how  to  matn- 

snprincipled  military  chief  can  be  sup-  tain,  as  well  as  declare  their  iudepend- 

posed  for  a  moment  to  represent  the  eace :  and  as  if  Providence  had  in- 

will  of  a  community  which  ne  retained  tended  that  he  should  aufier  a  jnst 

hy  force  noder  his  government, — what  retribution  for  his  inhnmanity,  precisely 

right  had  Mexico  lo  invade  and  attempt  in  the  point  where  he  had  most  deeplj    C^^,-v,-([r> 


9M                                        7^  Ttxia  QhuHmi.  [Sept 

ofEeodeJ, — they  mceeeded  in  obtsning  taken  nnder  the  meduUion  of  Gmanl 

possession  of  his  person.    What  was  Jsckson,  as  President  of  the  llnited 

to  be  done?      Everj  principle,  not  States,  andonconditions,  which  if  anj- 

ntarely  of  the  military  code,  but  of  reliance  eonid  have  been  plaeed  on  the 

natural  justice  and  haoianit^,  reqaired  personal  honor  of  Santa  Ana,  mi^ 

that  he  should  expeiieuee  id  hia  own  bave  TBodeied  the  act  a  politic  one. 

Grson  the  same  tender  mercies  which  Betbre  his  liberation  he  agreed  to  and 

had   meted  ant  to  the  best  and  signed  a  treaty  acknowledging  the  io- 

brareet  of  the  Tezians.    When  a  inili-  dependence  of  Texas,  and  bioiung  him- 

tsry  usurps,  in  attempting  to  snbjogate  se^  to  abatain  from  any  hostile  attempts 

an  unoffending  foreign  people,  happens  -ttgatnst  her  in  fature.     On  these  condi- 

to  fall  ieto  their  hands,  hia  claim  for  tiona  hs  was  permitted  to  retnm  with 

consideration  on  the  score  of  humanity)  his  army  in  safety  to  Hesico.    Without 

if  jnatly  riewed,  must  appear,  imder  any  inquiring  how  fair  anch  an  arrangement, 

circumstances,  very  small.    AdisablM  if  made  by  a  captive  general  in  the 

wolf,  Bolicitiog  mercy  from  the  peace-  service  of  a  regnlar  government,  would 

fill  animals  whom  he  has  been  seeking  have  been  binding  upon  his  superior*— 

to  destro;,  preaenta  a  nearly   paralM  without   expecting   or   exacting    fma 

case.    The  nsage  of  the  world  has,  Santa  Ana,  had  he  been  so  situated, 

however,  given  even  to  a  character  of  the  virtue  of  the  Roman  Regnli 


this  deacriplion,  aupposing  him  to  bare  having  deemed  it  his  dnty  to  iiis  eooD- 
perpettaied  his  deeds  of  carnage  and  trv  to  violate  the  nnderstauding  upon 
plunder  in  the  forms  and  according  to    wnich  he  had  been  sent  home  by  the 


the  rules  of  public  war,  a  sort  of  recog-  Carthaginians,  thought   it  dee  to  ius 

nixed  existence,  accompanied  with  oon-  own  honor  to  retnm  to  Carthage,  and 

ventional  rights,   that    are     generally  place  himself  again  in  their  hands — in 

respected.     But  where  a  person  of  this  short  Dudei  any  point  of  view,  without 

character  sets  at  defiance  the  ordinary  considering  what  mig^ht  have  been  the 

nsagea  of  civilized  war  and  actually  force  of  this  trsnsaction  in  a  difierent 

alanghters  his  piisoeers  in  cold  blood,  state  of  things,  there  can  be  no  doubt 

he  loses  all  title  to  this  sort  of  conven-  tliat  Santa  Ana,  having  been  at  th« 

tional  oonsideration,  degrades  himself  time  and  ever  since  to  all  intents  and 

to  the  level  of  a  common  pirate,  and  pnrposes,  the  government,  was^litio- 

ought.  on  every  principle  of  humanity  ally  and  personally  bound  by  ii;  and 

andjnstice  to  be  treated  like  one.    Na<  sllhongh  the  intervention  of^  General 

Kleon  himself,  had  his  military  career  Jackson  in  the  proceeding  may  have 
en  Btaiaed,  like  that  of  Sania  Ana,  been  entirely  iofonnal,  the  acceptance 
by  a  oontemptnone  disregard  for  the  of  his  mediation  by  Santa  Ana  can  be 
rules  of  civilized  war, — would  have  viewed  in  no  other  light  than  as  a  corn- 
been  shot  by  the  allies,  when  he  fell  plete  abandonmeet,  so  &r  at  least  as  iia 
into  their  power :  and  humanity,  instead  and  Mexico  while  under  his  govt 
of  blaming,  woald  have  applanded  the  were  ooneerned,  of  any  ligbt  o 
tot.  It  is  much  to  be  re^tted  that  to  prevent  the  United  States  nom 
this  kind  of  aummary  justice  was  not  treating  Texas  in  all  respects  as  an  fn- 
ftdnUDistered  in  the  case  of  SantaAna.  dependent  power.  The  government  of 
He  has  been  throughout,  and  still  is,  the  United  States  proceeded,  aecotd- 
tfae  great  stumbling-block  in  the  way  ingly,  not  long  after  this  trsDssctioa, 
of  a  ooDstitutional  organization  of  the  to  make  a  public  and  formal  aeknow- 
nnfoitonate  region  wEieh  he  now  die-  ledjpient  of  the  independence  of<Tex- 
tatorially  governs.  His  death,  while  as,  in  which  we.  were  fUlowed  inune- 
it  was  moat  lieUy  merited,  or  rather  diately  W  the  great  powers  of  Enn^. 
impeiionsly  and'  {wremjitdnly  demand-  Meanwhile  Santa  Ana  no  sooner  found 
ed  by  every  consideration  of  humanity  himself  at  liberty,  than  setting  aside  the 
sod  justice,  wonld  have  been,  at  the  treaty,  to  which  he  owed  his  life  and 
saioe  time,  a  substantial  and  permanent  liberff,  vrith  the  same  indifference  with 
benefit  to  hisoenotry.  which  he  had  previously  ntillified  the 
It  is  impossible,  however,  not  to  ad-  constitotion  of  his  coantry,  he  resumed 
mire,  though  we  can  hardly  approve,  his  pretension  to  overthrow  by  force  the 
the  moderation  of  the  Texians  in  liber-  bdependence  of  Texas ;  and  although 
Btmg  their  impoitant  prisoner.  Their  he  baa  since  made  no  serious  attempt 
detenoination   ^pears  to  have  been  at  invasion,  and  will  prolNAly  be  voy. 


Google 


1844.]                                    T4«  Ttsa*  Qhw/mm.  35? 

Mtefnl  not  to  *ffe«a  tgain  in  petsim  or  wMcli  wonlil  natutally  engage  tba 

upoa  the  Texian  territorTi  haa  kept  up  aympathj  of  as;  other  power, 

a  barsasiiig,  though  ineffectnal  border  If  there  be  an  jthing  more  thaa  meTe 

warfare  agtinat  her,  conducted  with  bravado  ia  thew  threata  of  war  b7 

the  same  humane  and  beantiful  regard  Santa  Ana,  the^  are  probablj  ottered 

for  the  oaasee  of  uations  that  diatin-  in  the  eipectation  that  he  will  receiTV 

goiahed  hia  lornier  mTaaion.  aid  from  England.     lu  thii  Bipectation, 

Such  ia  the  character  of  the  peraon  if  he  in  fact  entertain  it,  he  will  h« 

whom — under  the  name  of  Mexico —  disappointed.    Tbe  settled  policy  of 

we  are  called  upon  to  treat,  oot  merely  England,  in  regard  to  this  coantcyt 

with  jnBtice,  butjwiih  c^nsideratioa,  ainoe  our  war  of  1813,  is  permaunt 

&Tor  and  coorte^  ;  for  whom  we  are  peace.  Uptothattime,sfaeba<lcheriab- 

leqaested  to  eacrifioe  our  acknowledged  ed  a  lingering  hope  that  she  should  be 

rwfats  and  inteiesla,  as  well  as  those  able  to  reduce  us  again  to  our  original 

oTTexas.     In  recogniaing  aa  the  ex-  condition  of  coloniaJ  dependence,  and 

isting  dt  facto  go*  emment  of  Mexico,  never,  in  fact,  dealt  with  as  as  a  really 

the  military  syatem  which  Santa  Ana  independent  power.     The  war  of  1819 

haa  established  and  maintains  by  force  diasipated  this  delusion,  and  she  then 

npOQ  the  ruioB  of  the  preceding  iasti-  made  up  her  mind  to  be  content  with 

tntions,  it  seems  to  me  that  we  do  all  the  adrantages  which  sbe  can  obtara 

that  the  law  of  nations  reqiurea  or  an-  from  us  aa  her  beat  customer,  in  tba 

thorizes  na  to  do.    To  expect  that  we  peacefulintercourseofamutuallyprofit- 

should  look  with  sympathy  and  faror  able  trade.    Shewill,iu  tbe  indulgence 

upon  the  attempts  of  auch  a  person  to  of  her  habitual  OTerbearing  humor,  or  in 

•ubTert  by  force  the  independence  of  order  to  effeol  any  temporary  parpoea 

the  only  State  which  had  the  firmneaa  Ibat  sbe  may  hare  in  view,  threaten, 

to  resist  hia  oaurpation — that  we  should  browbeat,  and  plnnder  ns  as  long  as  w« 

abstain  from  exercising  our  undoubted  chooae  to  acquiesce ;  but  will  never, 

right  to  admit  this  gallant  and  ganarous  under  any   circumstances,   make  wai 

young  State  into  our  own  Union,  lest  upon  ne,  or  permit  us  to  make  war  npcm 

we  should  in  any  way  interfere  with  or  her. 

disorganixe  these  attempts — this,  I  ap-  In  reality,  however,  these  threata  of 

prebend,  would  be  going  a  little  too  war  by  Santa  Ana  are  the  merest  va- 

&r.  poring,   without  any   intention  on   hie 

Bnt  Mexico,  it  may  be  aaid,  has  part  to  give  ihem  enect.  Thoagb  not, 
already  announced  that  she  will  con-  perhaps,  fairtv  entitled  to  the  epithet 
aider  the  annexation  of  Texas  to  our  wire,  which  Mr.  Thompson,  our  lata 
territory  aa  a  declaration  of  war ;  and  Minister  to  Mexico,  too  liberally  be- 
that  whether  she  be  right  or  wrong  in  stowed  upon  him,  Santa  Ana  is  adroit 
this,  we  shall  equally  in  either  case  and  cunnmg.  He  knows  that  the  most 
hare  to  encounter  her  hostile  move-  probable  result  of  an  attempt  by  hioi  lo 
jnents,  in  which  she  may  be  aided  by  make  war  upon  Texas  ana  the  United 
powers  much  more  formidable  than  her-  States  would  be  tbe  overthrow  of  his 
self.  own  nsnrped  power  by  a  domestic  reTO> 

Id  answer  to  this  objection  I  should  lution,  snd  tbe  restoration  of  ^e  eonsti- 

say  that,  if  Santa  Ana,  after  making  war  tutional  system.  He  knows  that  should 

opon  a  nation  which  gave  htm  his  iuatly  thia  not  happen,  and  should  he  retain  a 

forfeited  life,  and  his  personal  liberty,  sufficiently  effective  control  oyer  his 

apon  his  express  engagement  never  to  countrymen  to  drag  them  again  into  ait 

attempt  anything  against  her,  should  actual  invasion  of  Texas,  combined 

also  declare  war  against  us — theaation  with  open  war  against  the  United  States, 

at  whose  friendly  intercession  he  oh-  thousands — if  necessary,  tens  of  tboo- 

tained  these  favors— because  we  do  not  sands— of  our  ardent  spirits  would  rush 

think  proper  to  aid  and  abet  him  in  hia  from  every  comer  of  tbe  West  to  tha 

treachery,  I,  for  one,  am  quite   wil-  scene  of  action,  and  bear  alofi  the  bait- 

liug  to  take  the  conseqoenees.    On  nei  of  the  "  lone  star"  on  a  tide  of 

the  Mexican  side  of  such  a  quarrel,  martial  and  popular  enthusiasm,  until, 

there  would  be  no  element,  as  Mr.  Jef-  after    one    oi   two    oampaigna,   they 

feratm  remarked  upon  another  occa-  should  have  planted  it  on  the  towera  of 

aiOD,  "  on  which  the  Almighty  can  be  Mexico,    He  knows,  that,  although  in 

expected  to  look  with  an  eye  of  favor,"  that  event  there  wonid  probably  be  no 

TOL.  XT. no.  UUT.  18 


Google 


968                                         The  TaMu  Quertion.  [Sept. 

disporition  in  the  Goremment  of  the  States  to  Texu  wonid  probably  io- 
Umled  Statea  to  take  any  tindne  advan-  cieue ;  bnt,  admitting  this  to  b«  the 
tage  of  oircnTnslanceB,  tbero  would  case,  it  is  obrioas  that  ths  aJavea  can- 
also  be  as  littJe  to  give  nineh  import-  not  be  in  two  idaoes  at  the  same  time. 
ancQ  to  hit  own  personal  pTetensioDS.  If  thoj  cross  the  Mississippi  to  build 
Santa  Ana  will  declare  wu  agaiaat  up  new  slave-bolding  States  in  Texas, 
the  United  States  when  be  deairea  to  they  cannot  remain  in  their  former 
exchange  the  presidential  chair  and  aboces  on  the  coast  of  the  Atiantio 
the  qaiet  paradise  of  Manga  de  Claro  Ocean,  and  the  banks  of  the  Ohio.  Virgi- 
ibr  a  niohe  in  the  temple  of  hme  by  nia,  Maryland,  Kentucky  and  Delaware 
the  side  of  His  Impeiiat  Majesty  Don  would  become,  aAoat  immediately, 
Agnstino  I.,  and  not  before.  free  Ststea.  Tennessee,  the  Carolinas 
So  Diucb  for  the  objections  to  the  and  Georgia,  where  the  culttire  of  cot- 
annexation  of  Texas,  founded  on  a  ton  ia  mnch  leas  productive  Iban  to  the 
anpposed  want  of  cwstitntional  power  fhr  Sonth  West,  would  aoon  follow 
in  Uie  govemment,  and  on  respect  for  their  example.  The  weight  of  the 
the  pretended  rights  of  Mexico.    The  slare-holding  section  of  the  Union  in 


the  pretended  rights  of  Mexico.  The  slare-holding  section  ot  the  Union  m 
third,  and  only  remaining  objeetion,  is  the  national  eoanoile,  instead  of  being 
the  apprehended  effect  of  this  measure    augmented,  woald,  of  conne,  be  tb- 


extending  the  influence  of  slavery,  minished.    Such  wonId  be  the  praeti- 

tnd  increasing  the  weigbt  in  the  na-  oal   result  of  the  measure,  supposing 

tional  eouncila  of  the    riare-boldiog  even  that  Texas  should  be  annexed  as 

section  of  the  Union.  a  slave-holding  teiriton,  and  that  she 

By  the  present  Coastitntion  of  the  whole  should  afterwards  be  eat  op  into 
Kepnblic  of  Texas,  the  importation  of  slave-holding  States.  But  this  would 
slaves  from  any  country  other  than  probably  not  be  the  ease :  for — 
the  United  States,  is  prohibited  by  law.  3.  The  territory  of  Texas,  wbidi 
Citizens  of  the  United  States  who  go  reaehea  in  a  nomerly  directioo  to 
to  settle  in  Texas  are  permitted  to  nearly  the  tatitode  of  Boston,  when  out 
bring  their  slaves  with  them.  Such  up  into  Statee,  will  probahly  give  aboat 
is,  in  this  respect,  the  present  state  of  equal  accessiona  of  strength  to  the  two 
things.  What  will  it  be  after  the  annex-  interests.  Mr.  Clay  supposes  that  b 
ation  of  Texaa  to  the  United  Statee  *  will  fnmi^  three  free  to  two  slave- 
The  importation  of  slaves  from  all  holding  Stales.  Others  SDppoae  Aat 
other  coantries  will  still  be  prohibited,  tiiere  will  be  two  of  each  class.  Ad- 
and  citizens  of  the  United  States  who  mitting  diis,  as  the  least  favorable  snp- 
goto  settle  in  Texaa  will  atill  be  per-  position,  the  immediate  effect  is  at^, 
mitted  to  bring  their  slaves  with  them,  on  this  view  of  the  subject,  to  leave  the 
In  both  particulars  the  state  of  things,  respective  forces  of  the  two  parties 
as  regulated  by  law,  will  be  exactly  nearly  as  they  were  before,  while,  on 
the  same  as  it  is  now.  How,  then,  every  other  view,  it  is  positively  ad- 
does  it  appear  that  the  annexation  of  verse  to  the  extension  of  slavey. 
Texas  wQl  extend  the  domain  of  The  general  result  would,  in  &et, 
alaveiy,  or  increase  the  weight  of  the  be,  thatthe  laws  probibitingtheforei^ 
slave-holding  section  of  the  Union  T  sisve  trade  would  be  better  enforced  m 
The  probal^ity  is,  on  tbe  contrary,  Texas,  and  as  a  eompenaation  for  the 
that,  while  this  state  of  things,  as  re-  additionoftwonewslave-holdingStates 
gulated  by  her,  will  remain  in  this  to  the  Union,  three,  or  at  least  two, 
respect  exactly  what  it  is  now,  the  new  free  States  wonId  be  added  to  tbe 
practical  result  of  the  measore  will  be  Union,  and  the  weight  of  at  least  six, 
i:%ther  adverse  than  favorable  to  the  perhaps  eight  or  ten  States,  added  in 
extension  of  ^very,  for  tbe  three  fol-  Congress  to  the  inflaenoe  of  the  fiee 
lowingressona.  side. 

I.  Thelawsagainsttheforeignriave  It  would  be  easy,  by  enlat^ns  on 

trade  will  be  more  effbetually  enforced  these  statements,  and  tbe  practicd  re- 

nnder  the    anihority    of  the    United  suits  that  follow  from  them,  to  give 

States  than  they  are  now,  and  a  small-  them  a  high  degree  of  probability ;  bat 

er  nnmber  of  slaves  will,  of  course,  tiiis  teems  to  be  unnecessary,  as  they 

be  introduced  in  a  clandestine  w&y  at  are  admitted  alike  by  tbe  prooinent 

the  sea  porta.  champions  of  both  parties  to  this  qnes- 

9.  The  enugration  &om  the  United  tioo.    On  the  only  point  where  any-             i 


1844.]  Tha  Ttxat  Qatttion. 

poeitiva  ueeMion  to  the  •Itve-hoMing  aUiea— mort 

■nteresl  could  b«  ftpprehended— I  meao  Btreagtb  at  the  luJlot-boz,   atill  1 

the  chaTBoter  of  tLe  new  St&tM  to  ba  important  if  we  ehoald  be  diiTen  to  toe 

fomed  ont  of  TezBA — Mr.  Clay  him-  caitoach-box  u  odi  laM defence."    In 

bbIT,  u  we  bsTO  seea,  belisTM  that  the  ganenl,  the  anfsTorable  effect  of  the 

sdvaota^  will  be  on  the  other  ude.  anneution  of  Texas  apou  the  axteo- 

Tlwre  will  be,  according  to  hiin,  three  aion,  influence,  and  eren  exittatee  ot 

new  free  8lal«B,  and  Onlf  two  ilaTe-  ilavetj,  ia  die  precise  reaaon  why  Mr. 

holding  ones.     Our    lUe  Minister  to  Thoinpaon,  aa  open  and  avowed  friend 

Blezica,  Hr.  Waddj  Tbempson,  also  t  of  alaiery  nndet  all  itaaapeota,opposea 

decided  opponent  of  the  annexation  of  the  measure,     tt  ia,  according  to  him, 

Tens,  agrees  with  Mr.  Cla<r  in  this  "the  moat  efficient  plan  that  can  be 

opinion  ;  and  it  ia,  in  faet,  precinely  for  adopted  for  the  aMition  of  slavery." 

thia  reason  that  he  opposes  the  mea-  "If  I  balieTcd,"  aajs  he,  "that  aboli- 

anre.     If  he  believed  that  Texaa  coald  tion  either  was  or  would  become  bene- 

be  admitted  into  the  Union  in  the  shape  lleial   or  necessary  fur  the  Sonth,  I 

of  four  or  Itve  slare-holding  Stales,  he  should  certainly  be  for  annexation,  as 

would  "  disregard  aU  minor  objections,  the  most  certain  and  beat  mode  of  ao- 

ud  go  for  the  measure."    Bat  he  ia  eompliahing  the  object.    I  am  finalT 

paranaded — very  correctly,  no  donbt —  perauaded,  that  it  ia  the  oertain  and  iu- 

that  the  North  would  nerer  consent  to  eritable  tendOHcy  of  tbe  annexation  of 

this  arrangement,  and  having  the  ma-  Texaa  to  promote  the  ^MUtioa  of  slav»- 

jprity  in  Congress,  would,  of  course,  ry — more  so,  indeed,  than  that  of  any 

prevent  it,  ware  it  even,  which  ia  not  other  meaanre  that  haa  beretoftre  been 

proNtble,  deaired  by  tbe  oiore  enlight-  proposed." 

ened  pertioD  of  tbe  Sooth.    The  real       The  reasonmg  by  which  Mr.  Tbcanp- 

qneation,  as  Mr.  Thompeon   says,  is,  son  sapports  these  opinions  ia  eatirely 

"  between  Texas,  divided  into  an  equal  salislactory  ;    and  his   Letter  against 

nnmber  of  slave-itolding  and  non-slave-  annexation,  excepting  for  the  few  per- 

hdding  Statea  of  the  Union,  and  Texas  sons  who  believe  wi^  him  that  slavery 

■«  it  is  now,  an  undivided  slave-holding  ia  a  positive  good,  is  perbapathe  atm^- 

oonntry."   Preferring  the  latter  part  of  est  paper  that  has  vet  been pnUiahed  in 

the  alternative,  Mr.  Thompeon  opposes  ftvor  of  it.     I  make  use  01  his  aathor- 

•imexatioB  :    tiiose  who   wish   to  di-  ity,  not  in  the  way  of  argnmattum  ad 

minieh  the  territorial  extent  and  poti-  haminem,  for  the  purpose  of  confating 

ticBl  inflnenoe  of  alavery ,  ought,  fer  the  the  opponents  of  annexation  out  of  tl^ 

same  reasoii,  to  be  in  f&vor  of  it.  months  of  their  own  moat  prominent 

Mr.  ThonqMon  ia  eqnatly  decided  in  and  able  champions.     It  is  not  my  ob- 

the  opinion  that  the  effect  of  annexation  ject  to  gain  the  advantage,  fairly  or  nn- 

win  be,  to  extinguish  tbe  renialns  of  fairly,  in  a  logical  enoonater  of  wits,  bat 

slavery  in  moat  of  tha  old  sla* e-holding  to  arrive  at  the  truth.    I  entirely  con- 

States.    "Slave  labor,"  he  says,  "can  oar  ia  tbe  opinions  expressed  by  Mr. 

be  employed  in  Texas  with,  at  least,  Thompeon,  in  regard  u  the  effect  of 

twice  the  profit  which  it  yields  in  the  the  annexation  npoa  the  extenaion  and 

average  of  the  slave  States   of  the  inflaenoeofslsvery,  and  I  give  tfaemin 

Union.     Onr  slaves  will  then  be  car-  bis  words,  becaase  they  will  naturally 

tied  t«  Texas  by  the  force  of  a  law  as  have  more  weight,  oomingfrom  an  open 

great  aad  eertahi  as  that  by  which  wa-  and  aideat  opponent  of  the  measore, 

ter  finds  its  level.  The  slaves  will  very  riiau  they  would  from  any  of  its  friends, 
soon  disappear  from  Maryland.Virginia,       I  repeat,  therefore,  that  the  general 

If.  Carbine,  Tennessee,  and  Kentneky;  result  of  this  measure  will  be,  to  enforce 

and  ia  a  period  very  short  for  snoh  an  moreeSiMtaally  in  Texas  the  execntion 

operation  those  States    will    become  of  the  laws  sgaiost  the  foreign  slave 

MO-elave-hoMing  States.     Whenever  trade— to  extingaiah  alavery  m  several 

that  ia  tbe  ease,  they  will  not  only  no  of  the  old  slave-holding  States,  and  to 

laager  bave  a  common  interest  with  inereaae  proportioo^y  the  weight  of 

the  remaining  slave-holding  States,  bat  the  free,  as  compared  with  that  of  the 

will  veiT  soon  partake  of  that  bnatical  stave-holding  States,  in  Congress ; — in 

spirit  01  a  fUse  philanthropy  which  is  short,  to  exercise  a  atrooger  inflaence 

■ow  pervading  the  whole  world.  Thns  than  any  oAer  measure  that  has  yet 

shall  we  Imo  tha  most  important  of  our  been  snggesled  in  &ver  of  the  gradual 


Google 


•W  Tie  Ttxiu  QuettuH.  [Sept. 

tutriction  uid  flna]  aboIitMH  of  alareij,  own  inteiMte, — ft  feeling  whkb  a  U* 

Snch  being  tlie  cue,   by  tbe  general  aid  esperienae  hu  afaowD  not  to  be  lut- 

adffliesion  of  the  most  iDlelUgent  and  necetauT, — I  mast  say  that  I  cannot 

zealoue  sapporters  of  both  aides  of  this  regard  Ibese  disaTowala  aa  quite  satis- 

qneation)  it  is  reallj  singalar  that  anj  factory,  and  tbat  1  have  even  been  but- 

<me  sbonld  object  to  it  on  accouat  of  prised  ibal  they  ahoold  iiBie  been  so 

ila  suppoeed  tendency  to  extend  and  in-  regarded  by  some  eiperlenced  statee- 

eresse  the  influence  of  Blaveiy;  and  yet  nieD,wbaliaTeDotbereU)foregiTenpi:oof 

it  cannot  he  doubted  that  an  errooeeus  of  any  decided  leaning  towards  a  too 

view  of  tbe  opetation  of  tbe  mesiiue  in  fsToiable  view  of  the  policy  of  GteU 

this  leepect  ia  not  only  very  honestly  Britain. 

and  seiionsly  enteilained  liy  many,  but.  It  is  not  veiy  oenal,  in  the  first  placa, 
after  all  that  baa  been  said  of  the  rights  for  experienced  statesmen  to  attach  any 
of  Mexico,  is  the  principal  cause  of  the  great  importance  to  mere  official  die- 
opposition  madeteitattheNoith.  The  BTOwala,  however  direct  and  complet« 
great  names  of  Ciunning  and  J.  Q.  in  form,  excepting  so  &t  as  they  an 
Adams  bad  taken  the  public  mind  by  coefiimed  by  facts,  or  may  coincide 
anrpiise,  and  given  popularity  to  the  with  the  interest  and  habitual  policy  of 
riewsallnded  to,  before  tne  question  had  (he  government  making  ttiraa.  GoT- 
been  ihoiougbly  canvassed.  When  the  eiomeais  which  have  occasion  to  take 
discussion  which  it  is  now  undergoing  measures  of  an  cETensive  or  disagreea- 
shall  have  bad  its  effect,  the  current  of  ble  character,  rarely  make  known  in 
winion  will,  I  think,  take  a  new  direc-  advance  the  fnll  extent  of  their  pro- 
tioo;  and  I  believe  that  the  eminent  jects,aiid  often  put  forward  a  fonnsi 
and  tmly  philanthropic  men  whom  I  disavowal  for  the  express  purpose  of 
have  just  mentioned  as  opponents  of  diverting  the  attention  of  the  party  to 
tlie  maasnre,  could  they  now, with  minds  be  acted  on,  and  thus  accompiiahiDg  the 
entireljr  nnbiasaed,  look  at  it  under  the  object  with  gr«ater  iaciiity.    "" 


new  ligbta  that   have  recently  been  cdebrated  European  ataiesman  of  the 

thrown  npon  it,  would  be  among  the  late  revolutionBry  period  is  said  to  have 

fint  to  give  it  tbeit  hearty  and  delibe-  laid  it  down  as  an  axiom  containing  in  it- 

tate  sanction.  eelf  tbe  sum  and  substance  of  ail  diplo- 

Having  disposed  ef  all  the  objections  macy,thatlaDgaaKewaagiTentenianio 

that  have  been  urged  against  this  mea-  conceal  his  thoughts;  and  the  history 

anre,  I  might  here  terminate  tlie  die-  of  Enrope  at  all  periods  proves  <>■»* 

casaiHi ;  but  there  is  one  view  of  the  his  theory  has  been  too  often  adopted 

Mriiject,  connected  with  the  lopio  of  as  a  practical  rule  by  the  most  power- 

ilavery,  which  I  have  not  yet  consider-  fnl    and     enlightened     gavemments. 

ed,  and  which  is,  for  practical  pnrposes.  When  Napoleon,  for  example,  invited 

perhaps  tbe  moat  important  of  tdl,  be-  the  royal  lamily  of  Spain  to  meet  him 

cause  it  fbmisbes  the  precise  reason  at  Bayonne,  be  did  not  mention  in  his 

why  the  anBexation  of  Texas  ia  not  letter  of  iovication  that  he  intended  to 

only  desirable,  bet  onght  to  be  carried  seize  their  persons  and  carry  U)«b 

into  effect  without  any  unnecessary  de-  away  captives  into  France.    If  he  had, 

lay.    lallnde,  of  course,  to  the  danger  they,  of  course,  would  net  have  come, 

nsulting    to   the  tranquillity    of  the  The  state  papers  of  the  three  great 

Soatbern  Statea  Irom  the  policy  acted  powerswhodividedamong  themthster- 

m  and  avowed  by  Great  Britain  in  re-  ritoiy  of  Poland,  a  century  ago,  breuhe 

gard  to  the  existence  of  slavery  in  a  spirit  of  the  purest  pbilanthnipy,  and 

ether  countries.  disown  all  other  motives  than  a  wish 

It  has  been  thought  by  seme   that  topromatetheintenialtranqaillityofUat 

lbs  direct  disavowal   bjr  the   British  country,  and  tbe  welfare  of  the  whole 

Government  of  any  sinister  or  eelfiab  hnman  race.    Great  Britain,  we  are 

intentieas  in  dieir  dealings  with  Texas,  told,  ia  an  exception  to  the  general 

ought   to   remove  the  appreheusions  correetnese  of  ihu  remark.  "  She  may 

that  we  mig^t  otherwise  entertain  npon  do  a  wrong  or  an  arrogant  thing,"  says 

this   anbject.      But   considering   tbe  Mr.  Thompson  in  his  Iste  letter,  "  bat 

watehfiil,  not  to  say  jealous  feeling  she  is  incapable  of  deliberate  fslse- 

wiih  which  we  are  accustomed  to  look  hood."     Such  implicit  confidence  in 

in  this  country  at  all  the  proceedings  of  the  good  faith  of  others  is  a  pleasing 

that  Government,  bearug  npon    onr  evidence  of  the  integrity  and  einoenv  i 

AJoogle 


1844.]                                    Th«  T«3iu  QualiM.  SBl 

of  the  writer  liimieir;  bat  hamftn  na*  those  who  &re  ehiritsble  enough  to  re- 

tnre,  after  all,  is  sotntantUIlT  the  same  eeiTs   it,  TelieTss   the   ageata  ia  this 

throu^oDt  the   world.      "  to  the  ti^  ttaoaaction  from  the  charge  of  nnfair- 

liaia    coaDtriea  which  I  bare  bad  oe-  neas  br  ifarowing  it  with  double  weight 

euioD    to    Tiait,"    aaja    l^j    Harr  upon  the  principals,  bat  baa  do  tenden- 

Wortlejr  Montagne,  "  I  bare  met  with  cy  to  show  that  the  Briiiah  Gorero- 

ooly  two  sorts   of  peraoiu,   mtn   sod  ment  ia  "  incapable"  of  deliberate  de> 

iBOmtn."    Hiatory,  ia  fact,  does  not  ception. 

enfltsin   this    somewhat    rose-eoloied  But,  waiTiog  thia  point,  it  nuj  be 

view  of  the  politics  of  the  "fast-an-  well,   perhapa,   before  we   permit  oat 

chored  iale."    To  go  no  farther  back  nanal  Tigilance  in  regard  to  tbe  pro- 

thkn  oar  own  reToTaiionarj  war,  the  ceedio^  of  the  British  govemmeot  to 

doenmenta  iamed  bjr  the  BTitiab  Gov-  be  eniuelj  lalled  to  aleap  by  a  few 

ernment    daring    the    whole   of  that  amooth  words,  to  inquire  a  little  more 

itniggle  dissTow  in  the  moat  explicit  particalailj  what  thoae  very  eatiefac- 

terme  aoT  intention  to  oppress  the  eo-  tory  disarowals  really  are.    It  wilt  be 

joniea;    but   it   doea  not   appear  that  foand,  I  aaspeet,  that  Lord  Aberdeen 

these  dieaTowale  were  ever  alladed  to  baa  mowed  quite  eaoagh  to  exoite  ap- 

in  oor  town-meetinga  or  congresses  as  prebeasion  in  the  mind  of  every  patii- 

nottTOB  for  not  opposing  the  preten-  otic  citizen. 

sioDB  of  the  ministry.  The  public  In  tbe  letter  addressed  to  Mr.  Palcen- 
doonments  isaoed  by  tbe  British  Gov-  ham  for  the  infnrnialion  of  the  Kovera-  . 
«niment  daring  the  war  of  I81Q  coo-  rnenl  of  the  United  States,  Lord  Abet* 
lain  the  most  explicit  disavowals  of  deonstalee, that thoBritishgovernment 
any  diaposilion  to  encroach  on  the  has  "  pnt  ilaelf  forward  in  pressing  that 
riohts  of  nenlral  nations.  These  were  of  Mexico  to  aclmowledge  Texas  as 
tuen  for  gospel  at  the  time  by  a  por-  independent,"  but  disavows  any  intsn- 
tioa  of  die  people :  beta  large  majority  tion  to  interfere  "itnJu/y,"  or  "tuith 
obstinately  refused  to  give  credit  to  tmyinjarioiii  asnimptionofauthorili/,'" 
them ;  and  their  views  lutve  been  coa-  with  either  party  in  order  to  ensare  the 
finned  by  thenoweoanimoussenliment  adoption  of  such  a  coarse.  He  also 
of  the  conntry.  More  recently,  the  disavows  the  inceotion  to  establish 
same  Government  distinctly  disavowed  "any  dorainaot  inflnence  in  Texas." 
in  varioos  official  eommDnications  any  *<  Great  Britaio  wishes  to  share  bei 
intention  to  appropriate  to  itself  any  inSaence  equally  with  all  other  nations, 
part  of  the  territory  rigbtfally  belong-  Her  objects  are  purely  commercial,  and 
ing  to  the  State  of  Maine.  The  final  she  has  no  thought  or  intention  of 
negotiatioD  upon  thia  subject  was  open-  seeking  to  act  directly  or  iadireelly  on 
ed  by  Lord  Aabburton  with  profeasiona  the  United  Stales  through  Texas." 
of  fairness  unprecedented  on  any  si  mi-  He  avows  that  his  government  "  de- 
lar  occasion.  Since  the  conclusion  of  sires  and  is  conatanlly  exerting  itself 
the  treaty,  by  which  we  ceded  without  to  procure  the  general  abolition  of 
equivalent  a  large  section  of  that  State,  elavety  Ihraugbont  the  world,  and  par- 
it  has  been  made  known  by  the  exalt-  tiouTarly  in  Texas  and  the  United 
ing  avowals  of  Sir  Robert  Peel  in  the  States ;  and  that  it  will  not  deaist  from 
House  of  Commona,  that  through  the  the  open  and  honest  efforts  which  it 
whole  negotiation  the  King  had  in  his  has  hitherto  made  for  the  purpose," 
library  three  maps,  each  marked  by  the  but  disavows  any  intention  to  enaeavor 
'  hand  of  his  predecessor  George  to  effect  tiie  object  by  the  employment 

ivith.  a  red  line  completely  aub-  of  "secret  or  underhand  means,  oranr 

stantiating  tbe   claims   of  the  United  means,  whether  secret  or  open,  whicn 

States,  and  invalidating  those  of  Great  can  tend  to  diatarb  the  internal  tran- 

Britain.    It  baa  been  aaid,  by  way  of  nuitlity  or  aSect  the  prosperity  of  tbe 

apology   for   this  proceeding,  that  the  American  Union."     "  The  Britishgov- 

persons  immediately  employed  in  the  ernment,   aa   the   United   Stat«B   well 

negotiation.  Lord  Aberdeen  and  Lord  knows  (know  1)  have  never  sought  in 

Auiborton,  were  kept  in   ignorance  by  any   way  to    stir    up    disaffection    or 

the  mtnisierial  leaders.  Lord  Welling-  excitement  of  any  kind  in  the  alave- 

ton  and  Sit  Robert  Peel,  of  the  exist-  holding  States  of  the  American  Union. 

ence  of  any  each  evidence  against  the  Much  as  we  should  wish  to  see  those 

Biilieh  oltums.    Thia  explaution,  for  States  placed  on  tho  fiim  and  solid 


.rj 


Goog|e 


SS8                                   -      Z%«  Texat  Qu«ttim.  tSapt- 

footiae,  which,  -we  caaaciealioatly  be-  lefbnn  it.    This  is  ft  pretty  serione 

liere,  is  to  be  attained  by  geusral  free-  matter :  nor  is  the  gn.-ntj  of  it  muck 

dom  alone,  ne  hive  never  Id  out  treat-  dimiuiahed  bj  the  accompanying'  dis- 

ment  of  them   made    an;   difference  aTowals  of  aoj  intention  to  emploj  for 

between   the    slave-holding  and  free  this  parooae  an;  means  that  would  tend 

States  of  the  Ud ion.    All  are,  in  our  tedisturb  the  trtnqniUityoftheeomitrf. 

eyes,  entitled,  as  component  members  The  lefoim  of  existing  abuses,  real  or 

of  the  UnioD,  to  equal  political  respect,  supposed,  is  a  detloate  operation,  and 

fiiTor,  and  foibearauce  on  oar  part,  one  which  no  commnnitr,  that  respects 

To  ^at  wise  and  just  policy  we  shall  itself  and  is  really  independent,   will 

ooQtiiiae  to  adhere:  and  the  govern-  consent  to  entrust  to  any  foreign  gov- 

ineats  of  the  slave-holding  States  may  eroment,    however     enlightened    and 

be  assured,  that  although  we  shall  not  honest.     So   objectionable,   indeed,   is 

desist  from  those  open  and  honest  ef-  this  freiension  on  the  part  of  Great 

forts  which  we  have  constantly  made  Bntam  that  the  announcement   of  it, 

for  procuring  the  abolition  of  slavery  however  cautiously  worded,  cannot  be 

throughout  the  world,  we  shall,  neither  made  to  wear  any  other  than  an  essen- 

openly  nor  secretly,  resort  to  any  mea-  tiaily  ofiensive  and  uncivil  character. 

I,  whioh  can  tend  to  disturb  their  Although  the  philanthropic  labors  of  the 


internal  tranquillity,  or  thereby  to  affect  British  government  for  the  abolition  of 
the  prosperity  of  the  American  Union."  slavery  are  represented  as  extending 
Such  are  the  snbstaotial  parts,  in  his    over  the  whole  globe,  this  country,  1 


olanguage,  of  Lord  Aberdeen's  note,  believe,  enjoys  the  distinction  of  being 
The  disavowal  of  any  intention  to  ea-  the  only  one  to  which  official  notice  ^ 
tablish  a  dominant  iufiueoce  either  in  their  policy  on  this  subject  has  yet  been 
Mexico  or  Texas,  or  to  effect  any  other  given.  Great  Britain  has  bvited  most 
Hmo  commercial  purpoees,  taken,  as  it  of  the  other  Chrietian  powers,  inclading 
must  be,  in  connection  with  the  con-  the  United  States,  to  concur  with  her 
atant  interference  of  the  British  Agents  in  abolishing  the  slave-trade,  and  has 
in  the  most  important  political  concerns  offered  them  the  aid  of  her  naval  anna- 
of  both  those  countries,  and  their  ment  in  executing  the  laws  which  they 
avowed  opposition  to  the  annexation  of  might  make  to  this  effect :  but  she  has 
Texas  to  the  United  States,  can  only  nol,  I  think,  before  officially  informed 
he  reconciled  with  the  sapposition  of  any  skve-ho!ding  power  of  her  dissatis- 
sincerity  in  the  British  government,  by  lactioa  with  this  feature  in  its  political 
a  latitnae  of  oonstruciion  which  would  institutions,  and  her  intention  to  employ 
render  it  practically  of  no  value.  Bat  all  the  fair  and  honorable  means  at  her 
allowing  for  the  present  the  disavowals  disposal  to  brbg  about  a  change.  Al- 
contained  in  the  letter  to  pass  for  what  though  some  exception  has  been  taken 
thev  may  be  thought  by  any  one  to  be  to  the  reply  made  by  Hr.  Calhoan  to 
reuly  worth,  let  os  come  to  something  their  communication,  I  have  great 
more  important.  In  this  letter  the  doubts  whether  ^  the  otbei  i^ve- 
Brilish  government,  through  its  highest  holding  powers  would  have  received  a 
official  agents,  distinctly  and  repeatedly  similaT  one  with  equal  courteey.  If 
avotes  its  intention  to  endeavor  to  bring  the  British  Ambassador  at  St.  Fetor*- 
shoot  the  general  abolition  of  slavery  burgh  should  announce  officially  to 
in  the  United  States  and  Texas.  the  Russian  Minister  of  Foreign  Af- 
Let  us  see  what  this  avowal  amonnta  &irs,  that  the  Queen  entirely  disap- 
to.  Slavery  is  an  important  element  in  proves  of  the  extent  to  which  personal 
the  political  institutions  of  every  coun-  Dondage  is  tolerated  in  the  Kussian 
try  in  which  it  exists.  It  determines  Empire,  and  is  oonstanity  laboring  to 
the  personal  relations  of  the  parties  reform  this  great  mischief  by  ^1  the 
immediately  affected  by  it,  and  modi-  means  in  her  power  consistent  with  a 
fies,  to  a  greater  or  less  extent,  the  due  regard  to  its  general  wel&re,  I  am 
wholecharacter  of  the  government.  It  confident  that  so  singular  an  overture 
is  part  and  parcel  of  the  law  of  the  would  be  met  either  by  an  angry  re- 
land.  We  are  informed  then  by  Lord  pulse,  or  a, cold  and  dignified  silence. 
Aberdeen's  note,  that  the  British  gov-  If,  however,  the  Russian  Court  should 
emment  u  dissatisfied  with  an  impor-  prefer  to  recriminate,  they  might  find 
■tant  feature  in  our  polttical  institutions,  in  the  present  condition  of  the  British 
ud  is  laboring  with  great  assiduity  to  Empire  several  points  qnite  as  muck  at 


Google 


18M.]  TA*  Ttxai  Qmtititn..  063 

TukaM  with    abrtnct   piiiicipteB  of  mena  of  this  luttd  of  diplomacy,  aod  ia 

light,  and  fftr  more  within  the  cootiol  in  do  way  inferior,  either  in  beauty  of 

of  Ibe  adioiiuatntiua  than  alaTeiy,  aa  it  Myle  oi  philanthropic  KOlimeot,  to  Mr. 

aiiaiBeiiher  in  Rnaaia  or  in  the  United  Pakenham's  .-     > 


_.,     __     the   caao    aappoaed,  traTelled  Thane,  Athenian  Aberdeen." 

tbe  Rnaaiau  Ambaaaador  at  London  Far  from    receiving  these  oTertuies 

■boald  be  inatrootad,  for  example, —  with  gratitude  or  even  conrtaay,  the 

after  thanking  the  Britiah  goierDment  ^oremmenlao  addressed  resented  them 

in  the  name  uf  hia  maatei  for  their  kind  in  the  moat  violent  manner,  and  com- 

aolioitude  in  regard  to  the  internal  con-  inenced  inunediately  a   war  of  exter- 

cemBof  theRuasian  £mpire,toexprett  mination  upon  the  people    in  whoae 

10  Lord  Aberdeen,  for  tiie  inforniBtion  name  ^ey  were  isaaed.     The  Britislt 

of  the  Queen,  the  regret  and  diaaatia-  goTemment  itself  look  the  lead  in  thia 

botien  with  which  the  Emperor  wit-  anti-reform  cruaade,  and  carried  it  on 

neaaea  (he  toleration  of  alaiery  in  the  with  unheard-of  effort  and  expense  for 

Britiah  Gaat  Indian  poeaeaaions, — the  mate  than  twenty  years.    The  pro- 

wara  of  aggreision  and  conquest  that  fessedobjectaof  thelriah  revolutionists 

»re  continnallj  carried  on  by  the  firi-  were  the  eitablishment   of  Liberty  and 

tish  agenta  in  that  quarter,  including  Equality.    They  were,  of  course,  i^en- 

the  late  onprOToked  attack  on  China, —  tinal    with    those    now    put    forward 

the  prectioe  of  providing  the  navy  with  by  the  British  goTemment.    The  ad* 

aeatnen  by  impreaament, — the  oppres-  Tant^es  anticipated  from  the  proposed 

aion  of  Ireland, — the  dreadful  crueltiea  reform  were  just  as  real  aa  those  now 

inflicted  upon  unoffending  children  of  expected  from  the  abolition  of  slavery  ; 

both  aexea  in  the  mines  aiul  uanufacto-  bnt  it  was  felt  by  all,  and  by  none  more 

ries, — the  inhnman  policy  of  actually  atroogiy  than  tne  rulers  of  England, 

atariing  a  large  portion  of  the  people  that  a  public  announcement  by  any  one 

1^  preventing  the  importation  of  for-  power  of  diesaliafaction  with  the  pali- 

eign  com, — the  refusal  of  the  govern-  tical  institutions  of  another  is  offensive, 

meat  to  recognize  the  acknowledged  and  that  an  expteaaad  determination  to 

rigbts  of  neutral  powers  in  time  of  war,  reform  them  differs  very  little  in  sob- 

— their  constant  interference  in    the  stance  from  a  declaration  of  war.    It 

afiaira  of  all  the  other  nations  in  the  is  really  moat  eztraordiaan,  that  live 

world  : — intimating,  at  the  same  time,  Britiah  government,  after  having  rs- 

Hia  Imperial  U^esty'a  fixed  determi-  eented  and  resisted  with  so  mnch  vio- 

nuion  to  labor   aasidaaualy   and   ear-  lence  the  attempts  made  by  the  Irish 

nestly  for  the  reform  of  these  evils,  bv  revolutioDists  to  [iropagate  liberal  poli- 

all  the  means  at  hia  disposal,  which  tical   sentiments  in  foreign   countries, 

may  not  be  of  a  character  to  endanger  aboald  have  become  itaelf,  in  less  than 

the   tranquillity  and  prosperity  of  the  thirty  years  after  the  battle  of  Waterloo, 

British  empire: — I  really  do  not  see  a  propagandist  of  theaameaentimenta, 

that  his  Lordship,  consistently  with  his  under  the  same  form  which  they  had 

own  priooiplea  and  practice,  would  be  considered     most     objectionable,    and 

able    to   make  any  very  triumphant  aaaailed,  through  the  ablest  pens,  with 

answer.  a  perfect  storm  of  arguipent,  eloquence, 

TbeonlyproceedingofasijiularcbaT-  and  ridicale. 

aeter,  that  haa  actually  occurred  at  any  There  is  soother  point  in  Lord  Aber- 

preceding  period  in  the  history  of  mod-  deea'a  letter  to  Mr.  Pakenham,  which 

em  Europe,  ia  to  be  found  in  the  con-  I  have  not  seen  noticed,  but  which  is 

duct  of  the  early  French  revolutionary  not,  perhapa,  wholly  unworthy  of  atten- 

tesders.    lie;  publicly  annonnced,  as  tion.    I  aUude  to  the  closing  paragraph 

ia  well  known,    their    disaaliafaction  quoted  above,  in  which  hta  Lordship 

with  most  of  the  existing  governments,  informs  Mr.  P.  of  the  intention  of  the 

and  their  determination  to  endeavor  to  British  government  to  otwerve  entire 

reform  them, — beginning  (and  in  thia  impartiality  in  ita  treatment    of  the 

they  were  more    consistent  than  the  slave-holding     and    non -slave-hoi ding 

British    govemmeDt   of    the    nresent  States  of  the  Union.     Satisfactory  as 

day)  with  what  they  regarded  as  a  this  assurance  may  be  in  substance,  it 

thoiovgh  reform  at   home.    Madame  ia  not  the  less  certaui  that  it  ia  in  form 

{((dana's  celebrated  letter  to  the  Pope,  entirely  irregular.    The  British  gov* 

it  one  of  the  moat  remarkable  speci-  emment  can  hold  no  cmnanuioatiDB 


,11.  ,i=?Google 


te4                                    ■    Tht  Ttxat  Quetlum.  [Sept. 

«rhal«rei:  with  the  soTemmentB  of  the  and  nbatvice,  u  an  official  oomimmi- 
Statei ;  it  has  no  nght  or  power  ander  cation  to  the  gOTsnunent  of  a  foreigx 
the  ooDBtitutioD  to  treat  with  them  at  Bi&Te-holding  elate, — maat,  of  conrss^ 
all;  and,  of  conrBfi,  nomeaDS,  ifitwere  for  practical  parpoaea,  he  interpreted  1^ 
to  disposed,  to  make  any  di9ereDce,io  the  acts  of  the  goremment  that  maJu* 
its  treatment  of  them,  between  the  free  it.  If  unacoompatiied  bj  any  act,  t« 
and  etave-holding  States  of  the  Union,  which  esception  oan  jasllj  be  taken,  it 
The  language  used  implies  either  a.  might  be  overlooked  aa  a  hanateaspieas 
want  of  knowledge  ia  the  Britbh  gor-  of  incivility.  If  accompanied,  in  onr 
omment  of  the  restrictions  imposed  b;  own  case  as  those  of  other  nations,  bj 
the  constitution  opon  the  iniercoarae  acts  of  a  nature  to  endanger  our  tnteiv 
between  the  Stale  gOTemmentB  and  for-  ti^  tranqnilllly,  it  mast  be  leceived  aa 
eiga  powers,  or  that  the  British  gov-  the  expression  of  a  policy  which  it  ia 
oninent  might,  if  it  were  ao  disposed,  necessan  forne  toconnleraclhyaJltiie 
diaregard  these  lestiictions.  Itamounts,  fair  and  iionorable  means  in  onr  pow«. 
in  short,  to  an  indelicate  interference  in  It  ia,  therefore,  of  the  highest  impoit- 
the  internal  concerns  of  the  Union,  with  ance  to  inqniie  what  are,  in  &Gt,  the 
which  Great  Britain  has  nothing  to  do.  raeana  employed  by  Great  Britain,  ia 
If  the  American  government  should  of-  what  Loid  Aberdeen  calls  hei  "open 
ficialjy  notify  Lord  Aberdeen  that  the  and  honest  efforts  to  abolish  slavery  ia 
United  States  disapprove  entirelv  the  foieign  conn  tries."  In  making  this  in- 
plan  of  an  established  church,  an'!  con-  qniry,  it  ia  neceasaty  to  t^e  into  Tiew 
acientiously  believe  that  no  portion  of  ^e  proceedings  of  British  subjects,  ' 
the  Queen  s  subjects  ought  to  be  snb-  whether  acting  as  individuals  or  asao> 
jccied  to  political  or  civil  diaabilitiea  or  ciations,  aa  well  ae  Ihoae  of  the  British 
pecuniary  exaciioDs  on  account  of  their  government;  firat,  beoause  they  are 
religious  faith, — bot  that  the  President,  among  the  most  efficient  forms  in 
in  hia  treatn^ent  of  the  different  sects  which  Great  Britain  as  a  body  politie 
([listing  in  the  British  Empire,  has  acts  apon  this  question ;  and,  secondly, 
never  made  any  distinction  between  the  becanee  the  British  government  roakea 
members  of  the  established  church  and  itself  indirectly  responsible  for  thei« 
dissenters  ;  and  thatthongh  he  will  ne-  proceedings  by  giving  them  the  sanction 
Ter  desist  from  the  honest  and  openef-  of  its  approbation  in  its  official  comma* 
fiarta  which  he  is  constantly  making  to  nications,  and  b^  placing  the  persoiiB 
abolish  church  establislunents  through-  most  active  in  this  way  in  official  at»- 
cut  the  world,  and  particularly  in  Great  tions  of  Iroet  and  eon&dence  in  slave- 
Britain,  the  membeiB  of  the  established  holding  oonntriea,  as  ia  seen  in  the  ap- 
ohnrch  may  be  assured  that  he  wiU,  poinlment  of  Mr.  DavidTnmhuU  to  the 
neither  openly  nor  secretly,  resort  to  place  of  Briliah  Consul  and  Snperin- 
any  means  for  this  purpose  which  tendent  of  liberated  Africans  at  the 
wonld  endanger  the  traitquillity  and  Havana,  to  which  1  shall  have  occb- 
prosperity  of  that  country : — if,  I  aay,  sion  to  allude  again.  The  means  em- 
the  American  government  were  to  make  ployed  by  Great  Britain  for  the  pnrpoaA 
■nch  a  ciHnmnnication  aa  this  to  Lord  in  question  are  therefore — 
Aberdeen,  he  wonld  hava  a  right  to  re-  I.  Direct ; — interference  with  for- 
ply,  and  probably  would  reply,  that  the  eiga  governments  in  the  form  of  conn- 
Qneen  is  ranch  obliged  to  the  American  sel  and  of  action,  by  treaty  or  othei- 
-{ovemment  for  the  information,  but  wise,  so  far  as  it  can  be  oarried  trith 
that  as  that  goremment  has  neither  the  safety  to  herself : 

ri^ht  nor  the  power  to  treat  regularly  2.  Indirect: — by  giving  a  general 
with  any  of  the  sects,  a  promise  to  oli-  approval  and  sanction  to  the  pioceed- 
■erve  entire  impartiality  in  its  treat-  ings  of  the  Abolition  Societies. 
ment  of  them,  is,  to  say  the  least  of  it,  It  ia  obviooa  that  a  system  of  policy 
quite  snperfluons.  of  which  these  are  the  two  principal 
The  oeolatatioD  made  by  the  British  featnres,  is  well  calculated  to  effect  the 
government,  in  the  letter  to  Mr.  Pak-  general  object  of  acting  nnfavoiably 
enham,  that  it  is  constantly  exerting  it-  upon  the  existwice  of  slavery  in  foreign 
self  to  procure  the  tU>oIilion  of  slavery  countries  without  committing  the  firi- 
iu  foreign  countries,  and  will  continue  tish  government  to  any  act  which  eaa 
to  employ  all  proper  means  for  this  pur-  be  resented  as  directly  hostile  by  slave- 
pose,— however  objectionable  in  form  holding  itates.    Whether  it  ia  quite  m 


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IH4.1  Z%t  TtaoM  QiuMlion.  S65 

coiuistent  witfathe  inMrnal  trMqnillity  tafe  to  Miamethat  the  goTenmieiiU  of 

uid  geoenl  prospeiitj  of  Mch  slates,  such  Btatea  are  better  infoiined  and  more 

M  Lord  Aberdeen  appears  to  eoondei  clear-sighted  upon  the  snliject  than  thai 

h,  may  perhapsbeqnestioiMd.  Itmight  of  Great  Britain, 
qtpear,  on  the  eoottwj,  to  an  nnchari-         Bat  the  n&tunl  resales  of  the  system 

nble  obmiTer,    well    calcntatad,   and  of  policj  parsiied  b;  Great  Britain  are 

therefore  piot«bl;  intended,  to  enable  perhaps  beat  tested  by  obeantiog  ile 

the  British  gerenimeDt  to  take  the  most  praelUal    operation    in  the  qnuier 

eS^teal,  and  at  the  same  time  the  moat  where  it  haa  been  acted  on  with  the 

dan^oDB  measnres  for  operating  upon  least   lestraint  and  for  the  greatest 

foreign  eoantries  witboet  tncnrring  any  length  of  time.     Althongh  Lord  Aber- 

direci  official  responsibility.  By  giTUg  deen  lepreseuts  the  British  gotemment 

a  pnUie  and  general  eanctioa  to  the  as  seeking  to  effect  the  abolition  of 

I«oeeediDgB  of  the  abolition  societies,  alatery  throughmt  the  world,  their  ef- 

aod  by  appointing  their  prominent  mem-  forts  Iulto  been  directed  with  very  dif- 

beia  to  places  of  tnist  and  eon&denoe  in  fereot    degrees    of   intensity    to    the 

riaTe-bolding  states,    it  affords  them  different  regione  in  which  it  exists, 

nearly  all  the  aid  in  the  wav  of  anthori-  The  slav ery  that  prBT&ils  to  an  immense 

Sr  and  respeotability,  which  they  woald  extent  in  their  own  vast  East  lodian 

erive  from  being  oondnoted  in  the  possessions  engages  very  little  of  their 

name   of  the    gorenunent ;   while  by  attention.     In  Tarkey,  Persia,  Egypt, 

throwing  upon  private  aseoeiatioDs  the  and  varions  pans  of  Germany,  where 

detul  of  the  prooeedinga,   it  insnres,  slaTSs  abound,  and  where  the  British 

morally  speaking,  tbe  adoption  of  mea-  go  rem  ment  habitually  exercise,  throngh 

eores'  ana  the   circnlation  of  pnblica-  their  diptomatio  agents,  a  powerful  io- 

tions,  of  which  no  goTemmeat  could,  as  flnence,  we  hear  of  do  moTementa  upon 

inch,  Tentare  to  assume  the  responsi-  this  subject.     In  the  vast  empire  of 

bility.    A  large  proportion  of  the  lee-  Rnssia  where,  out  of  the  sixty  million 

turee  given,  and  publications  iseoed,  by  inhabitants,  from  forty  to  filly  millions 

the  abolition   societies,   have  a  direot  are  slaTes,  the  British  diplomacy  ia  ae 

tendency  to  render  the  slaves  discoo-  silent  in  regard  to  emancipation  as  the 

tented  with  their  condition,  and  to  pro-  grave.     Eveuiosoliciling  the  Emperor 

duoe  a  state  of  mutual  exasperation  be-  to  concur  with  them  in  endeavoring  to 

twean  them  and  their  masters,  which,  prevent  the  annual  exportation  of  a  few 

carried  to  a  certain  extent,  can  onlr  end  thooeand  negroes  into  America,  they 

in  insurrection  and  blood.     No  Cfhris-  carefully  avoid  the  slightest  suggestion 

tiyn  government  would  dare  to  sanciion  as  to  the  expediency  of  doing  anything 

■ach  proceedings  directly ;  but  by  pub-  to  better  the  oondition  of  the  forty  oi 

Ucly  giving  a  general  approval  to  the  fifty  millions  of  white  slaves  under  hia 

aetsof  these  societies,  the  British  gov-  Imperial    Majesty's  own  jurisdiction, 

enmentvirtuatlyaathoriies  these  most  The  Spanish  and  Portuguese  colonies 

inBammatory  publications,  and  while  it  in  this  partof  the  world,  and  the  United 

avoida  any    official    responsibility,   is  States  of  America,   are   the   favorite 

morally  responsible  for  them,  as  much  fieldafortheexerciseof  British  benevo- 

aaif  they  were  issued  in  its  own  name,  lenoe  on   this  sabject,  and  those  to 

That  the  governments  of  the  slave-  which  it  haa  been  in  practice,  I  believe, 

holding  States  of  this  country  do  not  wholly  confined.     Or  these  the  Island 

ooneider  this  system  of  policy  as  con-  of  Cuba  is  the  one  of  which  the  history 

■isient  wiUi  their  tranquillity  and  pros-  affords  the  best  iUastration  of  the  enl^ 

parity,  is  apparent  from  the  fact,  that  ject  for  the  preaeot  purpose.     By  ex- 

Ihey   have  thought  it   necessary,   for  aminiog  the  praetieal  operation  of  the 

many  years  past,  to  prohibit  the  en-  British  system  of  policy  in  that  beaati- 

trance  into  the  territory  within  their  ful  region,  we  shall  be  able  to  lud^ 

JDrisdietion  of  any  pnbUcation  in  any  with  some  degree  of  certainty,  what  it 

way    relating  to    slavery.      Without  would  be  in  others  that  are  similarly 

qgestioaing  we  entire  sincerity  of  Lord  situated,  and  how  far  the  United  States 

Aberdeen  in  the  opinioo  that  the  mea-  can,  with  safety  to  themselves,  permit 

snrea  adopted  and  sanctioned  by  the  it  to  be  carried  into  effect  on  a  territory 

British  government  are  consistent  with  contiguous  to  our  own,  among  a  popn- 

the  tranquillity  and  prosperity  of  for-  lation  so  closely  of  kin  to  oma,  in 

•ign  d&ve-holding  states,  it  is  peibapa  all  leepectsi  as  that  of  Texaa. 


I  =y  Google 


9M  Thi  T^Mt  QuatiM.  [Sept. 

Fot  llie  laattliirtj  jreus  the  British  sided  in  Junaies,  and  in  retiun  for  the 

rtem  of  poliej  in  Tsference  to  the  indulgence  shown  hint,  appean  to  have 

litionofHlaTSrf  ia  foreign  coDDtriea,  Iwen  proMcoting  erer  since,  with  tog- 

haa  been  acted  on  almost  without  anjr  mented  activity,  hia  plana  of  a  general  ia- 

choclcfi'MnthelooaroinietrDpolitangoT'  sonecIiaQ.     Abtdition  agents  of  a  leas 

ernmenta  in  the  island  of  Cuba.  By  her  conspioaons  chsTsoter  have  been  co-op- 

treatj  with  Si»iD  of  1817,  Gimt  Bri-  erating  with  him.    Within  the  Ian  two 

tain  wM  permitted  to  maintain  at  the  years  the  result  has  been  made  known 

Havana  a  permanent  commission  to  to  the  world,  and  msj  be  regarded  aa  a 

BuperintendtiieezeciUionof  the  treaty,  fall  and  clear  exposition  ofthe  praeiieal 

At  this  time  her  efforts  were  directed  optration    of  the  British  system   of 

chiefly  to  the  abolition  of  the  slave  policy  in  regard  to  thja  subject.    This 

trade.    After  the  emancipation  of  the  result  has  been  a  conspiraaj,  iaohidii^ 

slaves  in  her  own  West  India  colonies,  the  whole  colored  population  of  the 

ahs  extended  her  anna  somewhat  tar-  Island,  and  a  small  portion  of  the  ereoleo, 

ther  and  began  to  contemplate  a  similar  having  for  it*  object  the  emaoeipatioa 

emancipation   in   Cnbo.     In  the  year  of  the  b1bt«s  ud  the  independence  of 

1830,  tiie  British  anli-alavery  societies  the  Island,  and  incIndiD^  among  the 

aent  agent*  to  Madrid,  to  propose  to  ways  and  means  of  effecting  these  ob- 

tbe  government  a  measure  of  tliia  des-  jecta  a  general  nuaaacie  of  Uie  whilaa. 

eriptioD,  to  be  aoccaupanied,  as  it  was  An  expjoaton   precisely  like  that  of 

in  the  British  Islands,  by  the  paymeut  St.  Danuugo  would  have  ooonrted,  bad 

of  an  indemnity  to  the  owners.    About  not  the  [Jan  been  discoveted,  befoi«  it 

the  same  time  Mr.  David  Tombull,  a  was  quite  ripe  for  execution.    By  the 

writer  of  ksDwn  ability  and  a  decided  employment   of  the    most    energetio 

abolitionist,  was  appointed  consul  and  measures  on  the  psrtof  the  local  gov- 

auperintendeDt  of  libeiued  Africans  at  emment,  it  has  been  tempcoahly  aop- 

.!._    Yr_.  ___      /ini.i_ ^  presaed.      The  eonfession*  of  the  per- 

u-  torn  implieated  in  it  designate  TarMmll 

ager  of  the  operations  of  the  abolition-  as  the  head  of  the  insurreetioD,  and  the 

ists,  as  well  as  »f  the  government  in  person  who  was  looked  to  as  the  pro- 

this  quarter.     Immediately  aflet  hi*  visional  raler  oftfae  Island  in  the  event 

urivgj  he  began  a  aeries  of  movements  of  itssnccesa.     Though  the  inunediate 

of  a  character  so  offensive  and  so  dan-  danger  is  probably  over,  the  elements  of 

gerons  to  the  tranqnillity  of  the  Island,  future  trouble  are  still  fermenting  with 

that  the  local  government  thonght  it  nnabaied  violence.      Indeed  the  guilty 

necessary  to  solicit,  and,  in  fact,  wtain-  in&tnation  of  the  planters,  who  are 

edhiBreoal!,beforehisformaleiequatur.  constantly  importing  fiesb  quantities  of 

bad    been    transmitted  from   Madrid,  blacks  from  Africa,  and  the  cupidity  of 

He  remained  some  time  longer  at  the  the  local  govenimeDt,  which  oonmvM 

Havana,  in  his  oapacity  of  soperinten-  at  thia  olandestiiM  tnffie  in  order  to 

dent  of  liberated  Africans,  but  vaa  make  profit  by  it,  annually  increaM  the 

finally  oompeUed  to  leave  the  Island,  tnassof  inflammatory  materials,  whieh, 

and  has  Btaoe  reaided  alternately  in  the  unless  some  very  decided  meaeuTei  eaa 

Bahama  Islands  and  in  Jamaica.    His  be  taken  to  prevent  it,  mnst  finally  bunt 

«enwvat  from  the  laland  appears  to  out  in  a  general  cenflagvation- 
have  inspired  him  with  additumal  zeal       This  series  of  events  has  attracted 

and  energy  in  the  prosecntioo  of  his  less  attention  in  tbe  United  States  than 

C'  Bets.      While  residing  in  tbe  Ba-  it  properly  deserves,  beoanae  the  de- 

a  Islands  he  planned  an  ioeurreetion  tails  are  ut  a  great  measure  concealed 

which  was  to  commence  at  Santiago,  a  fiom  the  pablie  eye  by  tbe  silence  ot 

port  on  tbe  south  shore  of  Cnba,  where  the  Havuia  presa,  which  is  labjoctwl, 

he  landed  in  person  and  began  the  move,  aa  is  well  known,  to  the  strictest  pre- 

ment.    He  was  arrested  l^the  aothori-  liminary    censorship,    and    pabliabee 

ties  and  sent  to  Havana.    The  usaees  scarcely  anything  that  has  the  moat 

of  nations  would  have  freely  Justified  distant  bearing  upon  the  condition  of 

the  local  aatboritie*  in  patting  him  on  the  staveB.    On  this  occasion  the  gov- 

ttiol  for  his  life,  bat  from  eonsidera-  emment  bas  departed  in  some  degree 

tioD  for  the  British  government,  he  was  from  its  naual  reserve.    The  report  of 

again  set  at  liberty  on  condition  of  the  court  martial  held  nppa  the  ook- 

leaving  the  Island.    He  ha*  Btaoe  re-  apiiators  appeara  in  the  ^y  PHien  of 


Google 


1644.]                                    Tlu  TfMj  QwulMi.  MT 

theH»Tiiai«idfiin>iJm»fall«iid»oil  Witliin  two  or  tliree  ytfia  put  tliu 

unereuiiig,  I  Bhonlii  nthet  »j,  appal-  svatem  bu  been  brought  into  aciion  in 

lin^  historj  of  the  erenta  in  qoeMioa :  Tesu  wiib  quite  aa  much  leal  and 

which  ia  cDTniboi«t«d  by  tho  most  an-  eaergyu  ithad  fonaerljbeen  in  Cuba. 

Ihentic pmate inteliisenee.    Tbiastate  Ths  raaulta,  onlesa  it  cui  be  efficiently 

of  tiiiiiga  in  Coba — Uough  ttti  the  tea-  eountencted,  mnU,  of  ooorae,  be  iite 

ton  I  haTB  moiitioneil,  uid  otbeia  Ibat  aane;  their  neceaaaiy  and  immediate 

will  readily  occur,  it  atttacta  leaa  at-  effecia  upon  the  condition  of  the  neigh* 

lentioD  here  than  it  ia  entitled  to — ia  a  boiinfc  pottiona  of  our  territory,  ate 

matter  of  the  deepeat  iniereat  to  that  aufficiently  apparent.    The  anoeiation 

country,  and  one  that  may  well  intite  of  Texaa  would   enable  the   United 

the  most  anxioua  aorutiny  and  tbe  moat  States  to  place  a  partial  check  upoa  an 

careful  delibeiatian  of  the  Ooremment  eTil  for  wbiob  there  ia  no  real  and  final 

and  people  of  the  United  Statea.    A  remedy  except  the  retnm  of  the  Bhtiah 

mond  and  political  Tolcano — teeming,  Gorernment  to  a  mote  correct  and 

nnder  an  outaide  of  forced  tranqniility,  humane  Tiew  of  thia  great  aubject,  and 

with  a  fiery  ocean  of  insnnection  and  the  total  abandonment  W  them  of  the 

maaiacre — ready   at  any    moment  to  policy  of  interfeiing  with  the  domeatio 

apread,  by  exploaioo,  ita  boiling  laTa  matituliooa  of  forei^  conntriee. 

OTOr  everytliing  in  ita  neighborhood —  It  will  be  perceired  that  the  arEO- 

aeparated  tiom  oar  Southern  Statea  by  moot  oo  thia  bcanch  of  tbe  aubjecl  is 

a  channel  that  may  be  traTeraed  in  a  not,  aa  it  haa  aomelimea  been  repre- 

few  houra — thia  ia  an  (^ject  to  which  aented,  a  defence  of  alaTery.     Tbe  ob- 

atateamen,  and  particularly  Southern  ject  ia  simply  to  secure  the  inbabitants 

atateemen,  cannot  well  be  indifferent,  of  a  large  portion  of  our  country  from 

I  ad*ert  to  it  at  present  excluaively  in  imminent  danger  of  lawless  violenae  in 

ita  connection  with    the   question  of  its  worst  forma.    To  this  they  ate  ex- 

Texaa.    If  such  a  state  of  ihinga  be  poaed  while  Teioa  ia  left  open  to  the 

&aDght  with  alarm  and  danger  to  tbia  labors  of  ihe  British  abolitionista,  tmx- 

eountry,  eren  when  it  exists  npon  a  ried  onuoder  iostroctionaof  tbe  Britiah 

neighboring  island,  inhabited  by  men  of  goTerpment.  It  ia  for  tbia  reason  chief- 

annher  race,  in  what  light  should  we  ly  that  the  necessity  of  annexation  baa 

be  compelled  to  regard  it,  if  it  were  to  appeared  at  the  sooth  to  be  immediate 

grow  up  in  a  territory  separated  fiom  and  urgrait.     On  other  acconnta  tbe 

oura  only  by  a  narrow  river  and  an  eouthern  statennen  might  have  waited 

imaginary  Ime,  and  inhabited  by  colo-  for  it  without  impatience,  or  perhapa 

niea  of  our  own  citixena  1    That  the  hare  oppoaed  it, — for  the  reaaoua  given 

agenta  of  the  British  Abolition  socie-  by  Ur.  Barrow,  Mr.  Thompaon,  and 

liea  are  alieadj>  laboring  in  Teiaa  with  others, — aa  poaitively  injorioua  to  theil 

their  characteristic  mu,  and  with  the  interest. 

<^n  approbation  of  the  firiti^  Got-  I  am  not  one  of  those  who  beliere 

eminent — aa    given,  for  example,  in  that  it  is  any  part  of  tbe  policy  of  the 

Lord  Abeideen'a  letter  to  Mr.  Aabbel  Britiah  gaveinment  to  obtain  poasee 

Smith— we  know.     What  tbe  reault  aioo  of  Texaa  aa  a  eolony,  or  to  seonre 

will  be — if  no  deeiai* e  measures  should  peculiar  advaotsAes  in  ttadins  with  her 

be  uken  to  prereot  it— within  some  by  a  commercial  treaty.    They  know 

not  *ery  diatant  period,  we  mn  learn  that  the  United  Statea  would  not  ac- 

frinn  wtut  is  now  ooeuning  in  Cub«.  qniesce  in  the  former  meaanre,  and  that 

It  is  nnneoeaaary  to  enlarge  opon  the  the  advanlagea  reanlting  from  tbe  lat- 

eloaing  aoenea  of  this  fhghlful  tnuedy,  ter  would  be  too  trifling  to  compensate 

to  which  ]  haTe  briefly  advened,  and  for  the  odium  which  it  would  carry  with 

which  have  been  rendered  in  some  de-  it, — supposing  now,  what  ia  not  Tory 

gree  familiar  to  the  public  mind  by  the  probable,  that  Texas  could  be  brought 

■ewspapeiH.    They  exhibit,  as  I  haTS  to  consent  to  either.    Lord  Aberdeen, 

aaid,  the  ^acUcai  operatum  of  the  plan  accordingly,  diaolaims  very  distinctly, 

of  abolishing  slaTery  in  foreign  coun-  and  I  haTO  no  doubt  Terv  ainoerely, 

tries  aa  avoieed  and  acted  on  by  the  any  intention  of  thia  kind.  With  Texaa 

Britiah  Government,  and  by  the  agents  nominally  independent.  Great  Britain 

of  the   Britiah  anti-slaTery  aocistiea,  can  put  m  operation  with  less  respMi- 

oodei  the  public  ^proral  utd  with  the  eibility  and  more  efficiency,  the  meana 

official  oo-operalion  of  that  goveinment.  which  she  dewns  it  proper  to  emploj 


Google 


Ma  Tha  Texas  Qattticn.  [Sept. 

for  abolishing  slaTery  in  foreign  eaun-  of  the  United  Sutes,  would  not  enter> 
triei,  *nd  which  she  is  nrgiog  with  bo  tain  the  overtare  for  a  moment.  H« 
niDch  effect  in  Cuba.  She  wottld  not  declined  to  snbinit  it  to  Cengren,  or 
probaJ;!]'  accept  Teiu  as  a  colon;,  if  even  to  reeerre  it  for  his  own  fatDie 
it  were  oSered  her  r  to  na  it  is  deiira-  conaideration.  Id  dieposing  in  ihia  way, 
ble,  not  only  as  a  territorial  acquiiition  upon  hla  individual  renponBibilitj,  of 
of  great  ralue,  bat  aa  an  isdispeoeable  this  great  national  questioa,  he  com- 
guaiaotv  of  our  domeetic  iraDquillily.  tniitsd,  in  Tnj  opinion,  a  grave  enor. 
The  United  States  haxe  been  charg-  and  eren  exceeded  his  piopet  coBBti- 
ed,  in  eoaneotion  with  this  subject,  with  tutional  powers.  Congress  and  the 
a  grasping  dispositiDD,  and  that  bj  the  people  should  have  been  eonsolted  apon 
pablic  preBB  of  a  nation  which,  while  a  matter  of  such  transcendant  import- 
this  subject  has  been  nnder  discassion,  ance.  But,  however  he  may  have  erred 
has  incorporated  two  or  three  addition-  in  other  respects,  he  at  least  gave  eaffi- 
al  empires  into  its  already  boundless  cient  proof  that  he  was  not  under  the 
Indian  posaesaions, — made  war  upon  influenee  of  an  andue  seal  for  the  «• 
China  in  order  to  open  a  new  market  tensioncfotir  territory.  Finally,  when 
for  ita  trade, — and  intermeddled,  in  one  a  treaty  for  the  re-annexation  ofonr 
way  or  another,  with  the  polities  of  alienated  domiun  had  been  actually  ooo- 
erery  other  people  on  the  face  of  the  eluded  by  the  execative  department  of 
globe.  I  undertake  to  say,  on  the  eon-  the  government,  the  Senate  made  haste 
trary,  that  no  question  has  come  np  in  to  reject  it  by  a  large  majoriir.  In  so 
any  part  of  Christendom,  dnring  the  last  doing,  they  assnmed  a  more  fearful  re- 
half  century,  in  regard  to  which  any  sponsibility  than  has  been  involved  in 
nattOD  has  given  strongerproof  of  mod-  any  preceding  act  of  either  branch  of 
eration  than  the  United  Stales  have  Congress.  What  the  ultimate  opinion 
displayed  for  twenty  years  past  on  this  of  the  country  will  be  apon  their  eon- 
Tety  matter  of  Texas.  In  the  original  dnet  may  be  conjectured  from  the  pre- 
seitiement  of  the  boandary  of  Louis-  sent  feeling  in  regard  to  the  aequisition 
iana  with  Spain,  Mr.  Monroe  relin-  of  Lonisiana,  which  was  opposed  at 
qniehed  this  territory,  when,  as  it  ap-  that  time  on  nearly  the  same  gronnds. 

Ears,  Spainwas  willing  ihatweshould  But  whatever  else  may  be  said  with 
ve  it.  Hr.  Adams,  then  Secretary  justice  of  the  course  taken  by  the 
of  State,  has  publicly  stated  that  Spun  Senate,  it  implied  but  too  clearly  a  tola] 
had  then  authorized  a  much  larger  ces-  i^)negation  of  every  thought  of  national 
aion  of  territory  than  she  actnally  made,  aggrandixement.  When  we  recollect 
and  that  we  had  declmed,  in  a  spirit  of  the  oceans  of  blood  and  treasure  tvhich 
magnanimous  forbearance,  to  take  ad-  have  been  poured  out  in  all  parts  of  the 
vantage  of  this  disposition.  He  has  world  in  wars  having  no  other  ostensi- 
stated  that,  individoallj,  he  diaap-  ble  ground  than  a  difference  of  opinion 
proved  at  the  time  the  alienation  of  about  the  right  to  some  little  strip  of 
Texas  ;  that  it  was  carried  against  htm  worthless  land,  ii  is  impossible  not  to 
by  a  majority  of  votes  in  Mr.  Monroe's  feel  some  degree  of  admiration  for  the 
cabinet,  and  that  he  signed  the  treaty  disinterestedness  which  dictated  thia 
as  agreed  upon,  merely  as  an  organ  of  thrice-repeated  rejection  of  a  region 
that  majority.  It  is  now,  I  believe,  the  not  inferior  in  extent  or  richness  to  the 
general  sentiment  of  the  country  that  kingdom  of  Francs,  however  baseless 
Mr.  Adams  was  in  the  ri^t,  and  Mr.  may  have  been  the  scruples  of  oon- 
Monroe  and  his  cabinet  in  the  wrong  ;  science  alleged  in  each  of  these  cases 
but  there  is  certainly  no  appearance  in  as  the  motive.  When  any  one  of  the 
their  conduct  of  a  gracing  eagerness  governments  of  Europe  shall  be  able  to 
for  territorial  aggrandizement  at  the  produce  an  example  from  its  own  con- 
expense  of  others.  When  the  people  duct  of  a  single  refusal  of  a  similar 
of  Texas,  after  declaring  and  establish-  kind,  it  may  with  a  better  grace  ao- 
ing  their  independence  and  obtaining  cnse  the  United  States  of  exhibiting  a 
theaeknowledgment  of  it  from  Mexico,  grasping  spirit  of  territorial  aggrand- 
the  United  States,  and  the  principal  ixement  in  renrd  to  the  acquisition  of 
maritime  powers  of  Europe,  sponta-  Texas.  The  British  writers,  in  urging 
neously  proposed  to  onr  government,  this  charge  upon  us  with  so  muob 
through  their  own,  to  come  into  the  nnanimiw  and  perseveranoe,  display,  if 
Unian,  Mr.  Tan  Buren,  then  President  not  much  argument  or  eloquenoe,  i 


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1S44.]                                   Tit  TVmc  Qvutioii.                                        SM 

least  ft  veij  ramarkiUa  "powai   of  cuim  aha  htld  alsTe*— a  circimuuiwe 

bee."  which,  on  the  coaUaty,  hu  greatly 

Before  eloaing  this  letter — already,  dinuniahed,  and  ia  regolarly  dimiDiah- 

I  fear,  much  too  protracted  for  jFoot  idk,  her  aeotioDal  weight  in  ihe  Uoion 

patience — I   will  add   a   few  renarka  —bat  became  she  baa  produced  anch 

npon  the  manner  in  which  the  diaoua-  men  aa  WasbiDgtoa,  Heniy,  MarsbsU, 

aion  of  thia  queatioa  and  otheia  of  a  Jefieraoo,  Madiaoo,  Mooioe,  and  Weii  j 

kiodred  cbarsoter  bu  been  coDdooted  not   to  mcDtion   liTiog   cbaraciera   of 

in  the  noilhein   part  of  the  conntrv.  hardlj    lea*   diatiDCtioD    and   digaitT. 

The  toae  taken  in  regard  to  the  SodiIi,  Moat  of  theaa  peiaona,  it  is  true,  held 

not  only  in  the  Tioleot  party  joornala,  slaiee,  bat   they  exercised  influence, 

bat  even,  in  many  oaaes,  by  men  of  not  aa  alaTehotdera,  but  as  men.     If 

high  pretensions  and  great   personal  these   men,  or  some  of  them,  haie 

reipeotabilily  on  the  floor  of  CoDgreaa  poaseaaed  more  weight  in  the  Union 

and  elaewhere,  is  very  little  less  Gitter  thuioiheta  of  equal  merit  at  the  North, 

and  offensive,  than  that  of  tha  British  it  baa  been,  I  apprehend,  not  became 

ionraals    in  r^ard  to  the  conntr*  at  they  held  slarea,  but  becauae  they  took 

arge.    The  alsTery  of  the  Soath  i*  Tiewa  of  the  policy  of  the  country  more 

repreaented  as  a  wrong  inflicted  npon  in  aocordanoe  with  the  genius  of  our 

the  North,  not  u  an  efil  fbrced '  upon  institutions,  and  which,  for  that  reason, 

Ibe  Soath  by  onr  forelatberB  of  Old  and  bare  nltimately  obtabed   tbe  almost 

New  England.     The  South  ia  charged  unanimous  asaent  of  the  people.     Jt  is 

with  a  spirit  of  sectional  aograndiie-  a  fact  which  cannot  be  disputed,  and 

ment  at  the  expense  of  the  North,  need  not  be  disguised,  that  on  all  tbe 

Hireats  of  disunion  are  openly  made,  great  questiona  that  have  necessarily 

even  in  tbe  imposing  form  of  reeolu-  agitoleo  tbe  oouotry,  the   South  baa 

tion*  of  State  Legislatares ;  and  socie-  t^en  the  aide  which  has  finally  carried 

ties  professing  a  philanthropic  eharae-  the  people  with  it;  and,  what  ia  still 

tar  pnblicly  annonnce,  and  are  aetnslly  more  remarkable,  seconnt  for  it  as  we 

carrying  mto  effect,  the  utention  to  may,  the  side  moat  fhforable  to  liberty, 

agitate  the  countty  with  a  view  to  the  I  sllnde,  of  course,  to  dominant  parties 

diainlntion  of  the  Union.  and  (he  general  iendencT  of  opinion. 

It  is  imposaible,  of  eoorae,  to  enter  In  the  contiorenies  which  grew  out  of 

npon  a  fliU  diaenssion  of  so  fruitful  a  the  foundation  and  oonstmction  of  tha 

topic  at  the  eloae  of  a  letter    which  Federal    Conatitution— and     in    those 

treata  immediately  of  another  qneation,  which  succeeded,  and  had  their  origin 

bat  I  cannot  let    tha  occasion  pass  in  tha  rcTolntionary  struggles  of  En- 

without    entering  my  protest,  as  an  rope — in    the    diapetea    with    Great 

individaal  cititen  of  one  «f  the  North-  Britain  respecting  neutral  rights — on 

em  Statea,  apinst  Ibeae  prooeedion  the  great    financial  questiona  of  tb« 

as  unjn8t,nokuid and nnchristian.     We  Bank    and    Protection — we    find    tba 

are  told  that  we  ara,  always  have  been  North,  right  or  wrong,  nniformly  on 

— and,  until  the  constitution  shall  have  the  aide  of  Power — the  South  on  that 

beenamended,alwayBshaltta — gorem-  of  Uberty.    Bren  on  isolated  questions, 

ad  by  a  junto  of  slaTeholdeta.    This  like  that  of  the  acquisition  of  LooiBiana 

snpposition,  if  admitted,  would  lead  to  — which  seem  to  have  no  conneclioa 

coodnsiona   not  Tsry  palatable,  per-  with  general  principles — the  Sonth  hae 

hapa,  to  those  who  make  it.    If  tbe  had  the  fortune  to  espouse  the  opinion 

miracles   of  snceaaa    and    prosperity  that  has  finally  been  sanctioned  ^  (he 

which    have    nniibrmly  attendea    our  people.    At  this  moment,  when  a  ra- 

progress,  as  a  nation,  are  to  be  attribut-  gion   not   inferior,  as  I  haTe  said,  ia 

ed  to  the  influence  ik  a  junto  of  elave-  extent  and  richness,  to  the  kincdom  of 

holders,  it  will  be  necessary  to  conclode  Fiance,  is  Ihiowu,  as  it  were,  mto  our 

that  the  government  of  socb  a  junto,  arms,  the  North — for  reasons  which, 

judged  by  its   raaults — the  oulj  sure  as  I  think  I  have  shown,  will  hardly  ^ 

test  of  the  character  of  any  political  bear  examination — repels  tbe  magnilS- 

inetitntiona — ie  one  of  the  best  that  has  cent    god '  send  :  the    South  is  ready 

ever  been  tried.     But  the  sopposition  to  receive  it  with  eagerness  and  giatH 

b  itself   entirely  erroneous.    If  the  tude.    There  can  hardly  be  a  doubt 

South  has    exercised  a  good  deal   of  which    of    these    (wo    sentiments    In 

political  influence,  it  has  not  been  be-  regard  to  thia  measure,  will   finally 


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Marie  AntmneUt  mtf  JtfimlMtt.                             [Sept 

lOuttl 
not  be  preteode 

—that  a  commumCy  of  slaTeholders  is  mart  look  for  the  caoM  of  Sonthem 

BBtnnllj,  at  cacb,  more  bvoiable  to  prepoodennoe.    The  Soatli  haa  exer- 

liberal  priaciplefl  of  gOTemraent,  than  eiied  iDda^tm,  not  aa  a  commanitf  of 

one  composed  entirely  of  fireemen  :  bat  Blaveholders,  but  as  the  able,  Tigoroaa 

it  IB  not  Terr  difficult  to  imagine  that  in  and  elaqvenl  obam^non  of  popn^  and 

a  coQBlry  like  ours,  where  all  the  in-  atate  righto — im  one  word,  of  Idber^. 

BtitutioDS  are  baaed  on  the  principlea  of  Let  the  North  adopt  the  aame  conrM 

Liberty,  the  sappoitATB  of  liberal  prin-  and   ahe  will  find   no   difficaltj — with 

eiplea  should  regvlarlj'  maintain  tite  her  oTeifiowinK  exaberance  of  material 

aacesdeDcy.     Row   it    has    happened  and  intellaetQu  reaonreee — in  amring 

that  the  sWeholding  Soath  ahootd  hare  at  the  same  result :  nor  wiU  the  attain- 

nniformlj  rueed  Ae  standard  of  Liber-  ment  gf  it  be  at  all  obatnioted  by  the 

ty  and  the  free  North  that  of  Power,  is  adoption  of  a  kindei  sod  more  coDrt«- 

A  cnnous  question,  which  has  often  one  tone  in  regard  to  the  Sonth,  than 

been  asked,  bat  nsTer  satisfactorily  that  which  prevtula  in  the  cootroiersiea 

■Bswered.    Perhspa  the  native  gene-  of  ^e  present  day. 

Msity  and  lofty  spirit  of  the  South  are  I  am,  with  great  regard,  my  deai 

better  ffuides  tt  the  judgment  than  our  ftie^d,  very  truly  yonr^ 

vaunted  Northern    calculaUon.     Tha  '              .    d  t, 

ftct  is  eerlain ;  and  it  is  in  tUs  hot,  ■*■  "■  *■""■"■ 

taken  in  connection  with  the  power  of  sfriiigfM,JUtt.,Jt<uia,iM<. 
Meadiness  which  Soiihem  statesmen 


HABIE  AlfTOINETTB  AND  HIRABKAU.* 


Tn  dew  was  cold  on  aotamn  flewera, 
The  wind  was  ehUl  in  aatnmn  bower* ; 
Preciu«T«  ef  the  eoosing  wrath, 
Leares  sDowed  the  wild  nwleoted  pMh, 
Where,  yet  all  beaitUnl  and  proud. 
She  stood,  unbroken  and  unbowed, 
A*  aniDmn  mooabaams  glimmered  throng 
The  forest  braaehes  of  Saint  Ckmd. 

And  he— what  doth  auch  snilot  there, 
With  look  haif  triumph,  half  deapaii  I 
And  irtiat  the  mad  ambitioa  now. 
That  mingles  on  that  Inrid  brow 
With  dionghtB  of  better  puipoee,  seen 
Like  fleams  of  eonahine,  storms  between  t 
How  qneetioB  tboae  audaoiona  eyee. 
Exalted  to  such  lofty  priae  1 

Oh  warring  motiTes,  to  create 
The  slightest  tie  of  common  fate 
Wah  her,  who  bears  in  every  grace 
The  despot's  still  imperious  trace. 
And  him,  that  more  portentoos  thing, 
Of  popular  opinion.  King  1 
TJa  none — the  coorteoas  sign  is  waved. 
Parting  he  ugha — "  The  crown  is  sated  1" 

in  January,  _ 

prerhnia.    Hii  parting  word*  on  that  oecaiion— "  Uadam,  the  mooareh;  is  nfcdJ*. 
we  alMed  to  ia  the  aton  nnai.  ^ 


oogic 


ISM.]  liarw  Antoiiutf  cW  Jtfirahm.  37 1 

Falae  hope,  rain  bo«at,  for  one  like  tbee, 
Ttpo  of  the  falling  moaarchy  ; 
Bold,  bnre,  and  ehivalroaa  withonl, 
B7  uiDB  and  honoTB  girt  aboat. 
Bat  weak  with  paasiooa,  foul  with  na, 
A  loatbaome  sepufehre  within — 
And  thon,  with  panioidtd  hand 
Would'st  quell  the  justice  of  the  laud  ! 

Alaa  for  her,  the  powetleaa  queen, 
With  lighter  step  aud  haughtier  mien, 
Retninine'  to  her  palace  faalla, 
Around  the  amiling  crowd  she  calls ; 
While  balanced  ou  the  trembling  verge 
Of  rain — she  beholds  emerge 
The  light  of  the  asoendant  star, 
And  liAiIs  illnsioDB  from  afti. 

Alas  for  her,  the  bnlliant  mark 
Of  curious  words,  suspicions  dark  : 
One  sole  freah  feeling,  not  denied 
Hei  penal  pomp,  a  mother's  pride. 
So  darkly  doomed  to  expiate 
The  few  sad  errors  of  her  state, 
And  that  Ihii  head  made  aaerifice 
For  years  of  grey  ancestral  Tice ! 

Bnt  he,  whose  baseless  promise  gave 
A  flash  like  torchlight  on  a  graTS, 
Who  waked  her  hopes,  yet  dared  to  be 
The  anointed  champion  of  the  free  ; 
He,  learned  alike  in  gooA  or  ill. 
Knowing  the  strengu  of  human  will, 
On  one  long  sUghlMl  duty  bent, 
Deemied  he  to  aare  the  innoeenl ! 

Deemed  he,  when  ripened  thne  by  time. 

The  gross  accumnhited  crime. 

When  spectra!  deeds,  long  buried,  rose 

More  mrfht  in  their  mouldering  woes. 

With  the  pale  present's  tainted  train. 

Bequest  of  many  a  guilty  reign. 

His  power  could  stem,  in  that  dead  throng, 

Th'  arenging  tide  of  human  wrong  1 

No — on  his  biow  the  seal  was  set, 
Ajid  then  was  registered  the  debt, 
paid  for  a  moment's  idle  breath. 
By  one  snie  forfeit,  common  deatl^— 
Death  not  in  storm  of  battle  field, 
Not  'mid  the  force  he  longed  to  wield, 
Not  even  for  her,  dieam  of  an  hour, 
Proud  Austria's  &ding  lily  flower. 

I^ad  warning,  that  a  people's  trust 

Shall  pedah  not  for  royal  dust — 

TbOD^  thon,  of  Freedom's  heart  the  pride. 

Through  art,  or  folly,  swerved  aside, 

Tet  the  eternal  will  went  forth, 

That  weighed,  and  found  thee  wanting  wortlH' 

Wen  didst  thou  reaj),  aa  thon  didst  sew, 

The  whirlwind— mighty  MinJwau  I  /"'  i 

^^  l)g,t,zcd=yL.OOglC 


AitthDrily  agawt  Rtaion, 


AUTHORITY  AGAINST  REASON. 

i%  iiipiUait,  }■■■  ntitnli  tutmta  ftemJt  (■ 


Is  every  period  of  the  bifltory  of  onr  zeal,  that  patient  and  painful  toil,  which 

race  its  piogresB  has  been  tetaHed,  and  were  enended  in  the  discnsBion  of  a 

intellectDal  effiirt  restraijied  within  the  thonsend  firivolova  and    often  abeuid 

meet  narrow  compass,  b;  principles  of  queatjons  in  theology  or  metaphysics, 

a  folsa  method  of  reasoning,  a  epurioas  been  rightly  directed  to  some  legitimate 

logic,  based  upon  theory,  withont  refer-  object  of  human  inquiry  1 

enc«  to  its  fitness  and  utility,  and  enr  Had  the  method  of  nature,  and  the  in- 

forced  by  the  appeal  to  authority,  withr  ductive  Hyslem  of  Bacon — the  De  Aw- 

out  consulting  uie  Ji^t  of  reason.  mentis  Scientiarum,  and  the  Novum  Or- 

This  was  ue  logic  of  the  sophists  in  gamm,  shed  the  light  of  a  true  philoeo- 

the  days  of  Socrates.     It  was  the  logic  phy  npon  the  erring  vision  of  such  men 

of  Aristotle,  who  would  confine  all  inqui-  aa    Soscelin,    Anselm,    and   Abelard, 

S,  and  ever^  process  df  reason,  within  Scotns,  Aquinaa,  and  Occam,  though 

s  limits  of  a  syllogism.    It  was  the  might  long  since  have  been  emanclpat- 

Ic^c  of  much  of  the  pbiloaophical  spec-  ed  from  ute  bonda^  of  scholastic  pe> 

Illation  of  that  remarkable   age  when  danby,  and  bathing  its  wing  in  the  light 

rival  schools  and  sects — Stoic,  Epico-  of  a  neaven-bom  science,  nave  Etrieen 

rean,  and  Academic — Pythagoras,  Zeno  above  the  rank  vapors  d  error  to  the 

andPlato — oppbsed  each  to  each  has  the-  purer  atmosphere  of  reason  and  truth. 

Dry  for  the  solution  of  the  grand  problem  It  is  unnecessary  to  tiace  minutely  the 

of  nature  and  human  destiny,  which  true  source  and  spring  of  this  error, 

ever  sat  lilce  the  fabled  sphinx  by  the  that  for  so  many  centuries  coimpted 

wayside,  presenting  agaJD  and  again  philosophy,  perverted  reason,  debased 

the  same  problem  mat  no  CEdipus  was  metaphysics  and  theology,  and  bound 

found  able  to  solve.  down  in  more  than  adamantine  fetters 

But  in  an  eminent  degree  are  these  the  thought  of  man. 
talae  principles  found  pervading  the  The  Eidola  of  Bacon,  acting  as  the 
logic  of  the  schools ;  and  nowhere  per-  protecting  genii  and  goaidians  of  scho- 
hap«  in  the  whole  history  of  the  human  lastic  phuosophy,  opposed  a  barrier,  as 
mind  can  a  more  striking  illustration  impregnable  as  the  walls  of  Acheron,  to 
be  found  of  the  power  of  that  lorical  the  advance  of  a  genuine  science.  Tbe 
fallacy,  known  as  the  appeal  to  aumor-  monk,  the  doctor,  and  the  pcoitiff— the 
ity,  tOEUi  in  the  philosophical,  or  more  crosier,  the  robe,  and  the  mitre — the 
properly  the  theolodcu  speculations  cloister,  the  university,  and  even  the 
of  the  schoolmen.  Their  system  was  church  itself — were  the  protectors  and 
an  tmcouth,  unnatuisl  superstructure,  champions  of  a  false  logic,  a  false  phik>> 
reared  upon  the  basis  of  Aristotle's  syl-  sophy,  a  false  religion.  And  where  was 
Itwisms.  In  its  erection,  the  "  precious  to  break  the  first  dawn  of  truth  that 
life-blood  of  master  spirits  "  had  been  should  scatter  the  darkness  then  brood- 
wasted,  and  in  threading  its  labyrinths,  in^  over  the  moral  world  7  Where  to 
was  sqaandered  the  fruitless  zeal  of  ansethebrigbtday-etarthatwastognide 
many  a  noble  enthusiast  of  scholastio  the  pilgrim  of  truth  through  those  in- 
learning.  extnc^Ie  mazes,  made  tenfold  more  m- 

It  bu  been  said  with  truth  of  the  tricate  and  obscure  by  tbe  shadows  that 

Bchocdmen,  tiiat  they  drew  a  good  how  bigotry,  snperstititHi  and  aulhori^  had 

but  they  shot  at  the  stare.    And  who  gathered  aronnd  them  T    Where  was 

shall  sav  what  noble  triumphs  of  Intel-  to  appear  the  radiant  bow  of  promise, 

lect  ann  high  achievements  in  science,  like  the  hari)lnger  of  a  brighter  day, 

they  might  have  accomplished,  had  one  stretching  out  before  the  vision  of  man, 

half  of  that  acn  eness  and  sutAletyj  of  and  pointmg  him  to  a  hidier  destiny  in 

disquisition,  that  ardent  and  burning  the  opening  tiiture  7    Wis  it  izofa  the 


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1844-1                              AtOhorUy  agauut  StMOm.  873 

doiateni    lo  those  c«nie<erie8  of  1ean>  of    icady-ma^e   opinioiiB,  cieeds,  utd 

iii|f,  eloquence,  poetry  and  litenture  had  BjBtema  of  faith. 

founil  a  gnve.    In  their  gloomy  vaults  Two  thingB  were  neceswrf  to  eSect 

learning  and  ecience  lay  entombed,  and  the  moral  and  intellectual  elevation  ni 

the  diut  of  centuries  had  settled  upon  society. 

them,  and  the  chant  of  the  monk,  the  The  first  of  these  was  to  question 

muttered  orison,  and  the  vesper  hymn  the  authority  which  had  hitherto  lorded 

aioaeoverthem  like  a  perpetual  requiem  it  over  the  intelligence  of  mac's  nature, 

fiw  the  dead.     Was  it  to  come  from  the  and  to  give  him  back  the  high  privilege, 

nniversityJ       The    univernitics    were  which  is  a  prerogative  of  his  being — to 

filled  wiOi   the   professors  of  a   false,  think  for  himself     The  second,  to  ovcr- 

thoush  subtle  philosophv— «of  a  dialec-  tnm  the  false  systems  which  bad  been 

&8  founded  npon  quiobict— of  a  jnris-  for  ages  the  ignii  falui  of  the  tioblost 

pmdence,  the  defonncd  and  sickly  shoot  intellects,   and   to  point  out  tliu   true 

of  a   noble   stem,  the  civil   law^f  a  method  of  inductive  reasoning  and  c.\- 

physical  science  akin  to  that  which  ex-  perimentaJ  knowledge,  which  is  the  on- 

isted  in  the  dreams  of  the  Alchemists —  ly  sure  basis  of  an  enlighlcned  science. 

of  a  logic  of  categories  and  syllogismi,  The  former  of  these  was  the  office  of 

that  h&d  degenerated  Into  the  merest  Lutser — the  latter  of  Bacok. 

verbal  questions  and  idle  distinctions.  Liberty  and  knowledge— freedom  <tf 


hierarchy— 4ie  precincts  of  the  Vati-    its  true    spplicati< 


Was  tl^  light  to  arise  from  the  papal  thought,  and  light  and   power  to  aid  ia 

'  ■■  "  e  Vati-  its  true    application— the    unalieiuUa 

ew  loo  rig^  of  man  to  think  for  himself,  and  to 

well  the  secret  of  its  power  and  the  receive  the  creed  of  no  man,  the  dog- 

laliaman  of  ita  greatness.    That  talis-  mas  of  no  council,  the  authority  of  no 

man  was  authority.     Not  temporal  au-  institution,  simply  as  such,  to  be  tbo 

tbority   merely — aathoritv   in   all   that  standard  of  his  wlief,  and  the  measure 

pertains   to  ecclesiastical   matters  and  of  his  faith  ;  and  again  to  reduce  this 

nHritnal  ealvation  :  but  authority  over  thought, whenreleasedfromtheleading- 

tbe  mind — authority  to  direct  and  con-  strings  of  authoriW,  to  method — to  gen- 

trol  the  reason — the  ever  living,  restless  eralizc,   and   render   it   subservient   to 

and  unfettered  thought  of  man.     It  was  practical  investigation  by  means  of  some 

not  here  amid  the  solemn  mockeries  productive  system  of   ini^uirv ;    these 

of  the  Vatican,  and  the  regal  pomp  and  were  the  grand  desiderata  of  tJie  age. 
grandeur  that  surrounded  Rim  who  held        The  former  was  begun  by  the  zeal- 

in  his  hands  the  keys  of  the  Apostle,  one  reformer  of  moral  abuses  in  his  elo- 

and  pressed  the  gorgeous  cushions  of  auent  denunciations  of  tlie  usurped  an- 

SL  Peter's  chair,  nor  was  it  from  the  uiority  of  the  church  over  the  intellect 

pampered  cloister,  or  the  vain  and  boast-  and  conscience;  the  iatterwas  achiev- 

fiil  school,  that  was  to  originate  the  ed  by  the  no  less  powerful  and  zealous 

mighty  revolation  of  mind  which  eman-  reformer  of  intellectual  abuses,  in  his 

cipaled  the  thought  and  reason  of  man-  triumphant  overthrow  of  the  scholastic 

kind,  and  laid  a  sure  foundation  for  the  philosophy,  that  Iiad  so  long  decoyed  the 

s  of  free  opinion.  minds  of  men  from  the  path  of  legiti- 

>e  was  that  in  the  very  constitu-  mate  inquiry,  by  the  wretched  pharnom 

tion  ^id  life  of  each  which  marked  it  as  of  a  false  logic. 

hostile  tn  the  grand  movement  of  the        It  would  bo  foreign  to  these  inijuiriea 

age.     The  schoois  were  the  tyrants  of  to  discuss  at  large  the  radical  defecta 

roBcribed  alt  free  investi-  in  the  philosophical  speculations  and 

the  scope  of  their  own  systems  of  the  middle  ages,  or  to  enter 

narrow   pliilosophy.     The   monasteries  intoany  investigation  of  uie  causes  that 

were  the  sepulchreB  of  learning.     The  retarded  the  progreKs  of  true  science. 

Ecclesiastica  and  Hierarchy  were  the  It  would  be  idle  to  review  the  theology 

despots  of    opinion,   and    the   terrible  of  the  church,  based  as  it  was  upon  tiie 

tnathemas  of  Uie  vicegerent  of  Heaven  decretals  of  councils,  and  the  bulla  of 

—the  accomnivnicabo  U,  were  the  argu-  the  pontiff,  which,  as  the  ultima  ratio, 

ments  adopted  to  quiet  the  refractory,  were  ever  at  hand  to  prevent  the  honeat 

awl  to  convince  the  sceptic's  conscience,  inquirer  from  lifting  the  veil  that  cover- 

who    Tentured    to    question    maxims  ed  the   arcana  oi    sanctified    abuses, 

dnwn  frma  this  capacious  warehouse  Equally  unprofitable  would  it  be  to  die- 

TOL.   XT. NO.  LZXT.  19 


propresB  ol 
There  n 


I  =y  Google 


974                                 Authority  againtt  Hiaton.  [Sept. 

CUM  the  predicfimenM  and  predicables.  Atheism  ;  by  Locke  tind  Cotidillac,  to 

the  categories,  categoremas  and  syllo-  psychology,  it  developed  itself  in  mate- 

Jiima,  and  all  the  subtle  nothings  of  the  lialiEm ;  until  it  was  finally  pushed  to 
ialecticians  who  sought  by  the  means  its  last  coaseqnences  by  Hume,  and 
of  such  a  logic  to  explain  the  mysteries  ended  in  blank  scepticism, 
of  being  anJthe  conatimtion  of  thinga,  Bnt  though  speculative  errora  have 
Let  it  BUifice  to  say,  that  the  starting  been  the  result  of  this  great  revolution 
error  in  these  epecubttons  was  tlie  want  in  haman  knowled^,  they  have  long 
(ja  true  method  of  inquiry;  and  that  since  rectified  themselves.  The  mina, 
antecedent  to  this  want,  and  tiie  canae  when  left  to  itself,  free  and  untram- 
of  this  errors  we  find  the  intellect  and  melled,  by  its  ceaseless  activity  and  iUl 
conscience  made  the  slaves  of  a  ready-  earnest  inquiry  after  truth,  will  correct 
mode  faith,  that  was  not  to  be  question-  ila  own  abuses.  Such  has  been  the  re- 
ed, and  the  mind,  with  all  its  faculties  of  suit.  Beaction  has  followed  reaction; 
free  will,  free  thought,  and  free  action,  and  though  sensualism  was  the  predom- 
bowingdown  to  this  false  idol  of  author-  inant  element  in  the  empirical  philoso- 
ity.  The  pontiff  was  esteemed  scarcely  phy  which  sprang  out  of  the  school  of 
less  infallible  and  the  ultimate  ground  Bacon  and  Locke,  yet  it  is  far  irom 
of  appeal  in  the  church,  than  was  Aris-  being  the  prevailing  error  of  modem 
totle  m  the  schools.  speculations,  which  it  is  to  be  feared 

Here  then  is  found  the  root  of  error  have  too  great  a  tendency  to  the  oppo- 

that  in  every  age  has  retarded  know-  site.extreme.    And  now  we  turn  back 

ledge  and  perverted  true  inveatigatjon  ;  to  this  point  to  date  the  first  breaking  of 

ablind  reverence  for  antiquity,  and  an  the  mominglight,that  was  to  prove  the 

implicit  deference  to  authority.     This  is  harbinger  of  a  brighter  day  to  the  per- 

the  eidola  Iheairi  of  Bacon ;  that  is  te  verted  reason  of  mankind.     It  is  here 

say,  the  ascendency  which  the  lawgiv-  we  trace  the  living    well-spring  of  a 

era  of  opinion  and  the  doctors  of  belief  purer  science.    It  is  here  we  meet  the 

acouire  over  the  thoughts  of  men.  notes  of  gladness  and  joy  that  pro- 

F^m  the  shackles  of  this  fklse  au-  claimed  to  man  his  release  from  mental 

Qiority,  physical  science  was  released  thraldom. 

by  the  labors  of  Bacon,  who,  m  his  ex-  Years  before  had  Luther  placed  the 

perimental  philosophy,  pointed   out  the  aie  to  the  very  root  of  authority.     He 

trne  method  of  nature.     This  system,  had  laid  bare  to  the  eye  of  reason,  the 

as  is  well  knowTi,  commences  with  an  fallacy  of  that  appeal  to  the  reverence 

attentive  observation  of  natural  phenom-  of  antiquity  which  the  Church  ever  od- 

ena,  ai  facts,  without  attempting  their  vanced  as  its  last  argument    He  had 

previous  explanation.    And  in  this  it  shown  that  the  writings  of  the  Fathera, 

di^rs  from  all  fftrmer  systems.    Pro-  and  the  dogmas  of  the  whole  calendar 

ceeding  from  this  observation  to  classify  of  Saints,  whose  canonized  bones  were 

and  arrange  these  phenomena,  it  finally,  reposing  in  all  the  odor  of  sanctity, 

with  them  as  a  basis,  arrives  by  indue-  were  not  the  infallible  standard  of  re- 

tion  at  general  truths.  ligious  belief.    Men  had  begun  to  think 

The  method  of  induction  and  experi-  and  reason  for  themselves,  and  to  draw 

ment,  as  thus  laid  down,  has  been  fuUy  the  great  truths  that  pertain  to  their 

developed  and  carried  out  in  the  philo-  eternal  destiny  from  the  oracles  of  God. 

Bophy  of  the  seventeenth,  eighteenth.  What  the  Refonner  achieved  for  man's 

and  nineteenth  centuries.    These  peat  moral  nature.  Bacon  did  for  his  intel- 

principlea  are  now  recognized  as  the  lectual.    He  broke  the  spell  that  scho- 

very  root  and  starting  point  of  all  lu-  lasfic  philosophy  had  woven  around  the 

tkmal  invesUgation  and  true  science.  sense.     He  repudiated  the  errors  that 

It  is  true,  that,  apart  from  tiie  general  had  become  legalized  by  the  authority 

method  of  experiment  and  induction,  of  existing  insUtntions,  and  consecrated 

which  u  the  cardinal  idea  of  the  ays-  by  the  palsied  hand  of  antiquity.     And 

tem,  it  contained  in  itself  the  germs  of  he  led  the  mind  to  draw  the  elemento  of 

error  calculated  to  reproduce  a  sensual  human  knowledge  from  the  boiA  of  na- 

philowiphy,  as  was  evident  from  enbse-  ture,  as  Luther  had  led  it  to  draw  its 

quentspeculationa.    Applied  by  Hobbes  system  of  divine  faith  from  the  book  of 

and  Helvetius  to  morals  and  politics,  it  God.     And  the  impulse  thus  riven  haa 

d^ner^  into  sctiishnefls ;  by  D-Hd-  been  carried  on.     Its  effects  for  the  last 

b«ch  to  the  theory  of  nature,  it  produced  two  centuries  have  been  seen  iitto              i 

XjOOglC 


ISU.]                              Auik^ty  agaitut  Jteaton,  S75 

pnctinl  adaptation  to  the  w&nts  of  is  smooth  to  the  feet.    We  can  make 

mao — in  its  renovating  infiuHice  upon  a  mort  comfortable  journey  by  remsin- 

hisaocial  atale — in  its  enlareement  of  ing  in  a  stateof  qniescence;  acconuno* 

tlie  liberal  sciences,  ethicn,  poTitica,  and  dating  ourselves  to  circumatiinces,  and 

jiinBpnidenc« — in  its  application  to  the  aasimiiating  the  mind  to  each  newview 

useful  arts,  and   every  -department  of  aa  it  risCB.     But  to  retrace  this  path, 

hunan    knowledge.     And    its  con)>e-  and  to  mount  again  to  ppiritoal  health 

qnencM  are  still  visible  in  the  steady  and  intellectual  life,  thia  js  achieved 

and  certain  pn^^ss  of  those  hioh  prin-  only  through  intense  labor  and  painAil 

ri)des  which  tend  to  enlarge  aiufelev-ate  toil. 

and  hbcraljze  the  mind ;  and  of  that  Thc)>e  may  be  characterized  aa  the 

spirit  of  progressive  advancement  which  ponitive    and    negative    conditions    of 

ia  one  of  the  characteristics  of  the  age.  thought.     The  one  is   the   active,  the 


„  „  .  _,  « of  mind,  or,  if  yon 
iboQ^t  and  enlightened  reason,  the  pre-  please,  this  negative  and  passive  mental 
jndicea  that  shut  out  the  tight  from  the  condition,  characterized  by  a  willing- 
mental  vision  T  Is  there  no  false  au-  ness  to  rest  satisfied  with  established 
thority  T  No  oracle  ex  cathedra  J  No  (pinion — a  pronenees  to  adopt  without 
voice  from  the  tripod  of  opinion,  that  eitamination.  and  to  trost  with  the  most 
is  received  withont  investigation,  and  implicit  confidence  in  the  doctrines 
(di^ilad  as   a   rule  of  action,   withont  founded  upon  the  researches  and  inqui- 


n  the  formality  of  a  doubt  in  regard  ries  of  others — that  has  in  every  age 
u)  lis  legitimacy  ?  Is  not  the  false  logic  obstructed  fearless  investieation  at  £s 
of  a  former  age,  purged,  indeed,  of  its    very  threshold,  and  which,   we   verily 


^ s,  but  still  in  e^t  as  danger-  believe,  is  one  of  the  ffreatest  obstacleB 

ous,  reproduced  among  us  tinder  a  new  to  the  progress  of  truth  in  our  day. 
form  I    True  it  is  we  claim  the  posses-       "  Wnatl"  exclaims  the  stickler  for 

•ton — constractive  at  least — of  perfect  authority, "  Do  you  presume  to  examine 

liberty    of   thought    and    inquiiy.     In  for  yourself  the   groundwork   of   this 

metaphvsiciii  speculations,  the  widest  social  principle  which  has  been  an  ad- 

acope   la   given.     In  physical  science,  mitted  maxim  in  every  civilized  state  T" 

the  moat  unboondod  experiment  is  the  "Do  you  dare  to  question  this  dogma,'* 

daily  practice.    In  individual  enterprise,  exclaims  the  theologian,  "or  to  make 

invention,  and  private  specnlation,  we  a  new  comment  upon  a  text  that  haa 

permit  no    man   to   dictate.    Where,  been  thus  expounded  by  the  fathem, 

then,  is  the  evidence  of  mental  snbeer-  and  set  at  rest  for  ever  by  the  canons  of 

y^ncT !  *^^  church  T"    "  Dare  you  doubt  the 

A  preliminary  remark  or  two  may  be  truth  of  this   political   maxim,"  criea 

•uBfered  before  attempting  an  answer  to  the   modem    statesman,    "which    has 

this  question,  or  endeavoring  to  detect  been  admitted  by  every  political  econo- 

the  principle,  if  indeed  it  exist  at  all,  in  mist  from  Adam  Smith  to  the  last  newly 

n»dem  society.  elected  representative  in  Congress  & 

It  is  a  difficult  matter  to  reason  men  "  And  will  vou  presume  to  question  the 
out  of  their  prejudices.  It  is  a  hard  precedent,'  chimes  in  the  jurist,  "or 
thing  to  combat  a  doctrine  that  has  re-  examine  the  authority  of  the  rule  ae 
eeived  the  sanction  of  age,  and  the  laid  down  in  the  reports  and  established 
assent  of  the  million.  It  is  no  easy  task  by  the  latest  adjudged  ca«es  V 
to  reverse  an  opinion  that  ha*  been  We  are  now  prepared  for  a.  solnti<M» 
adopted  for  convenience's  sake,  or  be-  of  the  question,  for  we  have  here  be- 
cause it  may  happen  to  chime  in  with  a  fore  us  the  elements  of  the  same  popn- 
mental  temJency  or  a  preconceived  in-  lar  fallacy  that  hae  been  under  con- 
tellectnal  bios.  And  how  easier  fcr  is  sideration,namely,theappealtoAuthori- 
it  to  adopt  those  notions,  prejudices,  and  ty.  It  seems  rooted  in  our  mental  con- 
omnions,  even  though  they  are  not  stitation,  and  haa  a  wider  and  deeper 
embraced  with  that  hearty  and  ardent  influence  upon  tfaoughtand  actlon.thatl 
impulse  which  follows  an  honest  con-  at  firat  view  would  be  supposed.  The 
Tlction  of  the  right,  than  to  shake  off  logicians  class  it  as  the  argumenlum  ad 
their  influence  and  to  lead  hack  the  TerecunHam ;  and  its  power  is  readily 
mind  again  to  a  commnnion  with  the  perceived  in  eircomscribing  the  raiwe 
pure  a^t  of  truth !    The  road  to  error  of  thought,  and  in  stifling  every  inquiry  ^-. 


Google 


Vn  Auikority  agaitul  lUtuon.  [Sef*. 

that  would  seek  bevond  the  establiahed  aingtenesB  of  purpose,  and  an  eaniMt 
opinion  and  doctrine  to  examine  the  love  of  truth,  seeks  to  penetmte  beneath 
ground  on  which  they  rest ;  that  would  the  surface,  and  to  examine  for  him- 
prees  beyond  the  precedent  and  the  rule  self  the  foundation  of  human  know- 
fcr  the  reason  of  them.  Il  ia  the  aame  ledge.  Hie  ia  a  love  of  truth  and  know- 
principle  to  which  allusion  has  been  ledge  for  their  own  sake,  and  not  for 
made,  and  which  we  have  traced  as  their  utility.  He  would  not  make  re- 
the  grand  error  in  the  philosophical  ligion  a  matter  of  convenience  merely, 
Bystema  and  speculations  of  the  middle  and  therefore,  if  he  lifts  up  his  voica 
sees-  And  the  principle  has  been  ap-  against  a  cajion  of  the  church,  thourii 
jMied  as  the  strong  argument  against  his  doctrine  may  be  drawn  from  tbe 
every  reformer,  who  has  laiijed  his  voice  inspired  oracle  of  truth,  the  onlyin&lli- 
In  opposition  to  a  legalized  tyranny  over  ble  guide  of  faith,  he  ia  in  danger  of 
Gie  mind;  who  has  dared  to  pluck  the  being  proecribed  as  a  heretic,  a  schis- 
Loary  beard  of  error ;  to  attack  the  vain  matic,  or  an  infidel, 
confidence  that  man  reposes,  not  in  his  He  would  not  convert  jurisprudence 
own  reason,  bat  in  the  reason  of  his  into  a  mere  science  of  technicalitiea 
fellows ;  and  to  proclaim  with  the  ardor  and  precedents  ;  and  therefore,  if  ho 
of  enthusiasm,  even  in  the  very  face  of  presume  to  go  beyond  these  and  ctm- 
an  opposing  world,  those  deep  convic-  suit  the  light  of  reason,  he  is  in  danger 
tions  of  truth  that  are  bom  amid  the  of  being  condemned  as  an  innovated 
painful  travail  of  his  own  spirit,  in  the  upon  estahliahed  usages,  and  aa  ad- 
eilent  chambers  of  the  soul.  vancing  opinions   destructive  to  true 

It  was  applied  to  Socrates,  who  strove  science, 
to  release  philosophy  from  the  degradB^  He  would  not  turn  politics  into  the 
tion  to  which  it  had  bcenreduced  by  the  mere  instrument  of  party  tactics,  coo- 
fiophists,  and  his  reward  was  the  cup  ducin^  only  to  the  temporary  succesa 
of  hemlock.  It  was  applied  to  the  of  a  taction,  or  the  personal  advaae«- 
MOHtl^s  of  the  Christian  fidth,  who,  ment  of  the  partizan;  and  therefore, 
(fiongh  ignorant  of  this  world's  wisdom,    any  free  opinion  or  libera!  principle  he 

Jet  tau^t  a  purer  doctrine  than  the  may  advance  that  conflicts  with  por^r 
ewish  Kabbi,  and  a  nobler  philosophy  discipline  is  condemned,  and  be  hiioself 
than  the  Grecian  sage,  ana  they  en-  denounced  as  a  disorganizer,  a  radical, 
countered  the  sneers  and  mm&  of  the  and  an  agrarian, 
learned,  and  their  reward  was  a  mark's  In  the  further  illustration  of  Ihaa 
crown.  princiido,  that  is  to  say,  the  aff^  to 

The  same  argument  was  applied  to  authority,  its  logical  efibct,  Dequent 
Galileo,  who  was  compelled  to  abjure  perversion,  and  the  uses  to  which  it  ia 
ttie  detestable  heresy  that  the  earth  re-  applied,  we  design  to  consider  it  solely 
Tolved  on  its  axis,  which  he  had  ad-  in  its  connection  with  the  science  <A 
vanced  against  the  established  opinion  politics,  including,  under  this  general 
of  the  sages  of  his  day,  and  for  daring  term,  jurisprudence  as  well  as  civil 
to  promulgate  which  simple  truth,  he  govenunent,  or  politics  properly  to 
was  condemned,  as  the  enemy  of  Chris-    called. 

tianity,  to  breathe  the  vapors  of  a  dun-  Some  difficulty  is  apprehended  ia 
geon.  And  the  heroic  Luther,  too,  touching  upon  the  first  of  these  topics. 
encountered  the  same  reasoning  in  the  Jurisprudence,  if  regarded  in  ita  true 
thunders  that  rolled  up  from  the  seven-  light,  not  as  exclusively  practical  in  its 
lulled  city,  and  the  anathemas  of  &e  nature,  but  as  a  liberal  Ecience,  founded 
Vatican  uiat  proclaimed  him  an  eicom-  in  reason,  and  comprehending  in  itself 
mnnicated  heretic,  when,  with  the  lamp  the  higher  principles  of  ^lics  and 
of  divine  truth  in  his  hand,  and  the  philosophy,  is  a  noble  field  for  investigk- 
wari  of  God  for  his  guide,  he  set  at    tion. 

nau^  the  decretals  of  councils,  the  It  is  a  superstructure  compact,  well 
authority  of  the  pontiff,  the  college  of  organized,  and  symmetrical  in  its  pro- 
catdinals,  and  the  whole  calendar  of  portions,  based  upon  right  and  reason, 
eaints,  though  they  had  for  centuries  In  its  practical  details,  and  the  applica» 
been  recognized  as  the  onlv  infallible  tion  of  its  nuurims  to  individual  ca^es, 
Mthority  and  the  last  ground  of  appeal,  some  discrepancies  and  contradictiona 
The  ordeal  has  always  been  most  appear,  it  is  true,  but  these  it  is  not  our 
aerere  and  trying  to  him  who,  with  a    purpose  to  ccosider.     They     --•^--- 


"L^OOglc 


1814.]                             Aulharily  agmrut  tUcton.  VTt 

csn  hudly  be  resftrdeJ  as  Ueraishee,  mude,  woold  no  doubt  coonnce  the  ad- 

ftnd  detract  very  Tittle  from  the  beauty  vocate,  had  he  been  ignoraiit  before  of 

and  harmony  of  the  Rystem  aa  a  whole,  the  circumataDce,  that  he  had  mista]»a 

The  only  qaestEon,  however,  tbat  pre-  the  ground  of  hia  ar^ment.     His  canae 

salts  itself  in  this  connection  is,  to  what  ia  at  an  end.     Law  ia  law,  and  bet  is 

extent  this  doctrine  of  authori^  is  car-  fact     The  couecience  of  the  coiut  maj 

ried,  and  what  is  its  atili^  and  force,  be  informed  a«  to  the  former,  and  ths 

The  difficulty  and  delicsi^y  of  the  sub-  jury  enli^tened  as  to  the  latter;  bnt  in 

ject  are  apparent,  from  the  very  perfec-  no  respect  is  the  authority  to  be   im- 

tion  and  turmony  of  the  system  itself,  pugned.      He  may  as  well  ehnt  his 

We  will,  however,  attempt  the  inquiry,  tooks,  fold  up  hia  brief,  and  close  his 

with  litst  premising  that  it  ih  not  in-  case.     The  impertnrba.ble  countenance 

tended  here  to  question  the  policy  of  the  of  the  Judge  seems  to  ^ive  expressicoi 

doctrine,  as  at  present  enforced  in  prac-  to  nothing,  save  the  maxim,  stare  decisis, 

tice.     It   is  simply   the  theory  that  is  "adhere   to   the   precedent;"   and  the 

nnder  consideration,  and  of  course  its  opinion  of  the  court  is  heard  in  c<n>- 

consequencee,  if  brought  into  practice,  roboration  : — "  The  principle    as    laid 

too  rigorously  enforced  and  pushed  to  down  in  the  recent  decision  is  infiexi* 

its  last  results.    It  is  said  that  stahillty  hie  and  absclutc ;  and  though  perhaps  ft 

and  certainty  are  elements  of  a  perfect  hard  rule  in  individual  cases,  itsautnor- 

■ystem  of  law.    To  secure  these,  the  ity  is  unquestionable    and  cannat  be 

doctrine  of  precedents   is   established,  controverted." 

and  has  become  the  very  corner-stone  What,  tlien,  is  the  nature  of  this  an- 

of  the  edifice.  thority  T    In  what  consists  its  validitf. 

In  this,  we  again  recognize  the  old  and  how  far  is  it  snstained  in  its  bind- 

priuciple  of  authority.     l«t  us  take  it  ing  force  by  an  enliehlened  reason  J 

as  we  find  it,  and  see,  if  even  tn  a  tib-  "  The  reports  of  the  decisions  and  ad- 

etal   science   (and  we   know   of  none  judged  cases,"  says  Chancellor  Kent  in 

other  that  can  assign  stronger  reasons  his  CommeotarieB,  "  are  the  highest  en- 

foT  enforcing  the   principle),  it  may  not  dence  of  the  maxims  and  principles  of 

beconie  the   instrument  of  restraining  the   common   law."     Upon   this   point 

inquiry,  of  prescribing  fixed  boundaries  there  is  no  diversity  of  opinion.     Bat 

for  the  thon^its,  which  they  are  not  to  when  the  adjudged  oaae  or  the  decision 

transgress,  and   arbitrary  ndes  which  is  set  up  as  an  inflexible  rule,  it  loses 

the  reason  ia  not  to  question.  its  character  of  evidence  and  becomea 

An  advocate  appears  in  a  court  of  authority  or  demoostrstiiHi. 

justice.    He  has  a  case  involving  per-  Let  us  for  a  moment  examine  the 

haps  the  moat  shetrnse  principles  ofthe  logical    force   of    this    demonstration. 

eommonlaw.    Iti8true,the9eprincipleB  That  we  derive  a  great  partof  our  iu- 

bave  been   amply  expounded    in   the  fonnation,  and  much  too  of  that  wiiicli 

opinions  of  vanous  courts,  and  the  re-  we  regard  as  certain  poeitive  know- 

-    -m  of  adjudged  cases.    Yet  they  are  ledge,  directly  from  the  investigatbr-  -*■ 


apparently  conflicting, — perhaps  the  others,  and  not  through  the  medium  of 
weight  01  authority  is  decidedly  against  our  own  senses,  or  the  operations  of 
the  merits  of  bis  case — though  he  has    our  own  minds,  can  admit  of  no  doubt. 


the  very  right  and  justice  of  the  matter.  There  are  a  thousand  things  received 

He   has   prepared   his   brief   with   the  on  the  authority  of  others,  to  which  the 

most  elaborate  precision;  he  has  armed  mind  assents  with  as  little  hesitation, 

himself  with  aU  the  learning  and  sub-  as  it  does  to  its  own  denxinatration  of  a 

flety  of  his  profeasion,  and  he  is  able  to  mathematical    theorem.      A    principal 

attack  with  success  the  doctrine  of  the  ground  for  this  mental  assent,  is   the 

precedent,  and  to  show  that  it  is  a  per-  confidence   we  place  in  the  ability  of 

version  or  at  least  a  miflconstruction  of  another   to  acquire  a  knowledge  of  a 

the  true   spirit  of  the  law.     "  May  it  subject  in  regard  to  which  we  poasesa 

please  the  court,"  he  commences,—"  I  little  or  no  information.     In  every  case, 

wonld  presume  lo  question  the  sound-  therefore,  we   receive    his   knowledge 

neasofthe  precedent,  as  established  by  a  sul^ect  to  the  aame  conditions   under 

recent  decision  of  this  court," — and  the  which  he  himself  received  it,  with  the 

inflexible  smile  and  look  of  surprise  additional  doubt  perhape  which  always 

of  the  court  to  whom  his  appeal  is  accompanies,   even    under    the    moat 


=1  Google 


S7e                                 Authorily  agaiiut  Retuott.  C^^t. 

bvoreble    circuoiBtances,   the    act  of  The  whole  class  of  legal  decieioae, 

takiiiff  aB   our  own   the   result  of  the  as  declaratory  of  the  common  law,  are 

mentS  processes  of  another.  of  ihie  latter  doscripdoD.     The;  are  in 

Now  the  degree  of  credibility  attach-  main  expreeeiooe  of  individual,  epecn- 

ed  to  each  new  fact  ia  greater  or  less,  lative  opinion;   founded  often  upon  a. 

in  proportion  to  the  species  of  evidence  haety  and  partial   ctdlection  of  facts, 

on  which  it  resta.    If,  then,  we  receive  and  supported  alone  by  probaWe  evi- 

on  the  authority  of  another  any  maaim  dence.      When  we  eatabUsh  theee  a«  a 

or  theory,  we  may  readily  determine  the  check   to   inquiry — when   we  are   ira- 

degree  of  credibihty  tobe  attached  to  it,  bidden  to  go  beyond  the  rule  for  the 

from  these  two  coneiderationa,— first,  reason  of  it — when  we  set  up  a  apecn- 

the  cliaracler  of  the  theorist,  and  his  lative  opinion  in  jurisprudence  (and  d 

means  and  opportunities  of  infornmtion  ;  fmtii/ri   in  ethica  and  philosophy),   as 

and  secondly,  the  kind  of  evidence  Irom  an  inflexible  authority  and  standard  of 

which  he  himself  must  have  drawn  his  truth  ;  no  matter   for  what  puipoee  it 

own  couclusions.     To  illuetrste — when  may  be  done — no  matter  what  may  be 

we  are   told   on   the  authority  of  the  its  convenience  or  utility,  we  piace  a 

astronomer  that  an  eclipee  of  the  sun  boundary   before    that    free   range   of 

will  occur  at  such  a  period,  the  mind  at  thought,  and  fearless  exercise  of  reason, 

once  assents  to  the  fact,  though  it  has  without  which  no  high  achievement  of 

no  means  of  arriving  directly  through  iWtllect,  no  compidiensive  syalejn  of 

its  own  investigation,  at  the  same  know-  science,  nor  brilhant  discovery  in  arts, 

ledge ;  but  it  would  be  absurd  to  place  has  ever  yet  been  made,  to  adorn  the  le- 

ajiy  confidence  in  his  calculations  who  cords  of  humanity, 

should  predict  a  similar  phenomenon,  We  presume  not  here  to  advocate  the 

from  AitB.  furnished  him  solely  by  ex-  revolution,  tlie  reform,  or  even  any  ma- 

■mining  ihe  gaa  through   a  smoked  terial  change  in  our  admirable  system 

glass.    The  character  of  the  astrono-  of  jurisprudence.    It  is  declared  by  its 

mer  and  his  belter  means  of  informa-  sages  to  be  a  fabric  of  symmetrical 

tion,  evidently,  in  this  case,  constitute  construction.     It  is  said  to  be  the  veiT 

the  superiority  of  the  former  to  the  lat-  "  perfection  of  reason,"  and  evv  witA 

ter  authority.  the  little  reverence  for  authoritf  whidt 

When  we  are  told  that  the  square  of  these  remarks  may   have  diBclosed  in 

theperiodictimeaof  thej)lanetF,isas the  the   writer,  lie   cannot  fail  to  be  c(h>- 

cubes  of  their  mean  distances,  we  re-  vinced  of  Ihe  truth  of  an  opinion  snfK 

gard  it  as  a  positive  and  certain  truth,  ported  as  it  is  by  testimony  (or  if  yon 

beyond  dispute  or  cavil;  but  we  would  will,  authority)   so  ample  and  conclo- 

liy  no  means  yield  Ihe  same  assent  to  a  sive.     We  have  simply  objected  to  the 

theory  that   identifies  gravitation  with  principle  itself,  to  whatever  applied,  aa 

electricitv,  though  Kepler  himself  had  a  principle  calculated  to  chill  the  genial 

advancea   it,  or  an  authority  of  equal  springing  forth  of  man's  spiritu^  life, 

weight  and  character,  and  had  sustain-  and  to  cbeck  the    growth  of  a  fearleea 

ed  it  by  a  course  of  die  most  elaborate  mental  freedom,  i^ich  is  at  once  the 

reasoning.     Here  the    character  and  moving  spring  of  discovery,  imd  the 

tneans  of  information  of  both  we  have  soul  of  philosophic  truth. 

Bupposed  equal,  and  the  dlfi^rence  be-  Let,  then,  the   precedent  fall   ba4^ 

tween  our  c<mception  of  the  truth  of  again  to  its  true  position.    Let  it  be 

each  propositicH)  arises  scJely  from  the  regarded  only  anteftimonyandevidence 

evidence  with  which  each  is  sustained,  — evidence,   it   is  admitted,   in    many 

^^e  basis  on  which   it  rests.      The  cases  of  the  highest  validity,  and  often 

reasoning  of  Kepler  in  establishing  his  absolutely  conclusive,  but  yet  divested 

great  law  is  demonstrative,  and  produ-  of  this  most  unnatural  feature  of  an- 

cee  absolute   conviction ;  the   other   is  thorlty.      Control   no   man's   thought. 

Bpeculative  merely,  and  can  at  best  cs-  Fetter   no   man's   reason.      Direct  no 

aUish  but  a  probability.    Of  the  latter  man's  research.    Why  should  tliat  be 

description    is    all     moral    reasoning,  binding  on  one's  conscience,  which  the 

though  of  course    there   are   diflereot  conscience  it^self  believes  to  be  absurd  t 

degrees  of  piobability,  \-arj'ing   from  Why  shonld  tiie  nerveless  grafp  of  a 

the  very  lowest  shade,  to   that  which  palsied  hand    curb  the   energies  of  a 

strikes  the  mind  with  almost  the  force  young  and  athletic  frame,  every  vein  ot 

of  absolute  demonstration.  which  is  throbbing  with  the  pulsatit 


T'lOOgIc 


1944,]  Authority  against  Beatm,  a7S 

of  TJgofooB  life  7    \Vhj  ebould  hoaiy  again  and  again  by  Uiooe  wlio  have 

and  antiquated  opinion  cnisli  in  its  first  gone  before  us. 

budding  the  genn  of  a  new  truth  J  No,         Wc  cannot  refrain,  even  in  the  very 

no — awaf  with   that  authority  which  face  of  a  previous   assertion  that   we 

Strives  to  consecrate  and   legitiioatize  were  no  advocate  of  change  or  reform, 

speculative  opinion,  irrespective  of  its  frwn  suggesting  (hat  a  modification  of 

truth  or  (alaily.     Give  as  liberty  of  re-  the  doctrinea  of  authority  as  at  present 

search,  of  reason,  of  action ;  and  while  enforced  in  our  courts  of  justice,  might 

antiquated  dogmatism  stands  shivering  be  attended  with  salutary  resulte.  Ee- 

TLpon  the  margin  of  the  waters,  and  go-  tablish  the  power  of  a  fair  rcconsidera- 

toering  around  its   limbs  the   tattered  tion,   a   hl>eral   review,   a   fuller,  freer 

shreds  of  precedent  and  authority,  en-  examination,  by  tlic  cultivated  minds  of 

lightened  reason  will  have  boldly  launch-  an  upright,  inflexible  and  impartial  Judl- 

ed  out  upon  the  broad  ocean  of  dieco-  ciary,  wherever  located,  wncther  upon 

very.    While  the  one  is  hiding  itself  lower,  or  higher  benches.    It  is  ditfi- 

in  the  catacombs,  among  the  embalmed  cult  to  conceive  bow  Jurisprudence,  fta 

and   tifelesH   relics  of  a  pest  age,  the  a  science,  should  lose  anyUiJng  of  pte- 

oiber  is  engaged  in  active  labor,  under  cision,  hannony  or  truth.    Though  an 

the  pure  light  of  Heaven,  in  developing  hundred  crude  and  hasty  decisions  are 

new  and  liberal  theories,  or  in  enlarg-  overruled  without  an  appeal  to  a  higher 

ing  the  boundaries  of  science,  by  the  tribunal,  and  though  a  thousand  con- 

diacovery  of  new  principles  of  truth.  flicting  opinions  are  reconciled  without 

But  destroy  the  principle  of  aulhori-  the  intervention  of  a  higher  authority, 

Utive  precedent,  we  are  told,  and  you  tlie    system    will    be    unimpaired     m 

destroy  all  certainty  and  precision,  all  harmony    and    beauty,    and  will    lose 

nm  and  method  in  the  science  of  nothing  in  consistency,  nothing  in  pre- 

pnidence.     Not  at  all.     We   but  cision.     Then  its  maxims  will  gradually 

remove  the  impediments.    We  give  full  form  themselves  into  a  code,  or  rather 

range  to  inquiry,  and  free  scope  to  rea-  become  a  more  compact  system  of  ac> 

son;  and  we  arrive  by  means  of  a  credited,  established  truth;  not  depend- 

purer  logic,  to  a  nicer  precision,  a  bet-  ing  in  its  particular  application  upiMl 

ter  digested  system,  a  more  philosophic  the   iron  arm  of  a  despotic  authority, 

method.    Truth  is  never  inconsistent  but  founded  upon  right  principle,  and 

with  itself.    A  reversal  of  opinion  and  enforced  by  the  power  of  enlightened 

an  honest  change  of  sentiment  do  not  reason.     But  we  have  already  enlarged 

ftlways  evidence  a  want  of  consistency,  upon  this  head  more  than  at  first  in- 

or  a  departure  from  established  truth,  tended.     And  we  therefore  pes  onto 

While,  therefore,  we  look  with  all  consider  tie  general  term,  politics ;  that 

possible  deference  upon  the  precedent,  is   to   say,   civil    government — politics 

as  containing  oftentimes  (he  test  expo-  properly  so  called-— the  science  of  legis- 

aition,  and  as  being  the  highest  evidence  tation;  or   perhaps,  as   it  is  generally 

of  the  principles  of  law,  let  us  beware  understood   by    the   modems,   political 

of  yieMing  a  too  eaay  and  servile  as-  effort  and  partizanship. 
Bent  to  the  rigorous  and   inflexible  ap-         If  the  principle  exists  here  at  all,  we 

plication  of  me   ilare  decisis  to  every  may  expect  to  find  it  developed  under  a 

subject    of    legal     investigation ;    lest  new  form.     It  has  laid  aside  its  cha- 

Blanding  super  oTUiquas  tuis,  we  roay  raeter  of  rigidand  severe, though  digni- 

be  led  willingly  to  subscribe  to  maxims  fied  authority  ;  inflexible  and  unbending, 

flint  fln  pnlitrhtflnnrt  rpason  Condemns,  it  is  true,butwithyetatlea8t  a  show  of 

n  to  the  perpe-  right  for  its  lawfulness,  and  claiming 

.J aught  must  be  to  be  founded  upon  principle.     It  haa 

poor  and  sickly   indeed,  which  is  ever  now  clothed  itself  in  the  more  insidioiK 

confined  within  a  prescribed   boundary,  guise  of  popular  opinion,  which,  while 

ITiat  inquiry  must  be  timid  and  fruitless  it  professes  to  benJ  to  the  will  of  the 

enough,  that  is  always  concluded  by  sovereign — the    people — is    in    reality 

every  attempt  to  transgress  the  lines  of  something  extrinsic  to  them,  and  sways 

known  and   admitted  principle.     That  an  iron  sceptre  of  arrogant  despotism, 
reason  must  be   sufficiently  tame,  that         Though  revealing  itself  under  differ- 

has  for  its  field  only  the  barren  region  ent  modes  of  action,  the  final  cause  of 

that  has  been  sacked    and    explored  the  principle  b  precisely  the  same  as  in 


I  =y  Google 


380                                      Avtiarity  againtt  StatOB.  [Sep<. 

tbe  former  I'ttse.     It  is  to  gecure  st&bi-  Solinis  of  opinion,  whose   bDHineae   it 

lit;  and  permanence,  to  give  ceitaia^  seema  to  be   to  publish  political  text- 

and  consistencj'  to  a  eyetem  of  action,  booke,   and  fabricate  political   creeds 

and  it  reBolves  itself  in  the  last  anaJyaiB  an  bumble  faith  in  which  is  a  tested 

into  expediency  Emd  utility.     The  ex-  orthodoxy    in  the  great   laami   at  the 

pediency  here  referred  to,  hag  not  even  people,  who  by  this  species  of  mental 

the  merits  of  Jeremy  Bentham's  utilita^  economy   are    saved    the  unnecessary 

rianism.    In  the   principle  which    he  trouble  of  thinking  for  themeelres. 

C'  iced  as  the  catdinal  idea  of  his  system,  "  What  are  your  principles  7"  we  ask 
recognized  something  which  at  lesft  of  a  politician,  who  per)u.pB  has  been 
conducM  to  die  greatest  happiness  of  engaged  all  his  life  in  furthering  the 
-  snds   of   (            ■     -  ■                   ''■■     ■ 


8S,  and  which  was  in  some  sort    ends  of  some    tacticiss,  or    political 

a  test  for  the  moral  quality  of  actions,  trimmer,  and  who  has  clamored  toud. 

But  the  utility  here  spoken  of  has  taken  and  long,  and  vociferously,  of  some 

a  bolder  stand,  and  practises,  though  it  abstract  or  general  troth,  which  none 

does  not  profess,  a  more  impious  doc-  denies,    as  of   papular   suflrage,  equal 

trine.  rights,  and  the  like.     "What  are  your 

Instead  of  the  "greatest  happiness  principles  I"  we   ask  of  him.    "The 

principle"  it  has  degenerated  into  the  principles  of  the  party."    "  And  what  ^ 

"most   complete    success    principle."  are  the  principles  of  the  party?"    And 

With  thiaitentirely  identifies  itself.    It  the  answer  is  returned,  "Theyareray 

recognizes  success  alone  as  the  one  sole  principles." 

test  of  meritorious  action ;  and  every  Something  similar  was  the  predica^ 
maxim  of  justice,  of  goodness,  of  right,  ment  of  the  dyinfe  sinner  when  tempted 
of  high  moral  principle,  is  valued  in  of  the  Devil,  as  related  in  D'Aabtgne^B 
exact  proportion  to  its  availability.  History  of  the  Reformation.  "What 
Grant  me  success — cries  this  utilitari-  do  you  believe  T"  asks  the  Devil  of  the 
anisra,  the  spurious  ofispring  of  a  nobler  penitent.  "  What  the  Church  believes." 
parent — reward  my  patriotic  exertion —  "  And  what  does  the  Church  believe  ?" 
crown  my  labors  with  something  worth  "  What  1  believe."  "  What  do  you  be- 
laboring for — shower  down  a  largess  lieve?"  inquires  again  the  tormentor, 
&at  wiU  stimulate  to  higher  and  more  And  the  dying  man  replies,  "  What  tiie 
earnest  action.  Chnrch  believes !"    Had  he  been  asked  ' 

These  are  not  the   sentiments   that  by  the  cunning  adversary  what  both  A« 

r'ng  up  in  the  heart  of  him  who,  with  and   the    Church    believed,   the    reply 

earnestness  of  a  pure  faith,  and  the  would  perhaps  have  been,  "  OnB  ques- 

enthusiasm  of  a  true  devotion,  has  en-  tion  at  a  time,  if  you  please."     And  the 

listed  his  life  in  behalf  of  some  high  reasonablenessoi^therequestisapparent 
enterprise,  tbe  triumph  of  which  in-       Will  it  be  to  doubt  the  virtue  and 

Tolvea  not  his  own  paltry  self-interest  intelligence  of  the  people,  if  we  say  that 

merely,  but    the  pr^ress  of  eternal  the    Mlief  of  many  whose  action  is 

principles  of  troth.    But  it  is  the  doc-  sufficiently  decided  and  definite,  rests 

trine  of  him  who  would  rather  gain  the  upon  similar  groands  with   the  penl- 

goal  of  victory  and  aggrandize  self  in  tent's  feith  ?     Will  it  be  to  question  the 

an  unjust   contest,  t&n  receive   upon  capaciU  of  the  people  for  self^vem-  > 

his  brow  the  martyr's  crown  in  a  right-  ment,  if  we  say   that  with  many  an 

eoos  cause.    It  is  the  doctrine  of  one  nnlhinking   mind — so    strict  is    party 

who  would  rather  be  greeted  by  the  discipline — the  orthodoxy  of  a  political 

pcans  of   triumphant  success,  though  manifesto  is  only  disputed  when   pro- 

the  chorus  were  led  by  the  Devil  him-  ceeding  from  what  each  man  is  pleased 

self,    than    lay    down    his    bones    in  to  regard  as  the  wrong  source,  and  is 

honor  and  gloiy,  like  a  faithful  soldier  adopted  without  hesitation  or  inquiry, 

who  has  nobly  fallen  amid  the  requiems  if  emanating  from  what  the  same  person 

of  good  men,  that  alone  break  in  upon  chooses  to  consider  the  proper  fountain 

the  silence  of  his  last  resting-place.  of  anthorily  7    Not  at  all.    It  is  a  sad 

It  is  to  be  feared  that  mnch  of  politi-  thing  that  it  is  so ;  but  such  we  believe 

cai  and  par^  tactics  is  founded  upon  to  be  Ihe  feet.    Tbe  cause  it  is  nnne- 

this  principle  of  utility.    It  is  to  be  re-  cessary  to  trace.    The  conseqaencea  are 

gretted  that  in  many  cases  utility,  and  tooplainly  evident 
not  right,  constitutes  political  authority;        Tnie,  it  may  secure    greater   nnJ- 

that  it  is  the  soul  of  political  combina-  fbrmity  of  action,  a  more  systemalie  ^ 

tkffl,  and  that  it  give*  wisdom  to  the  combination,  amore  united  effiirt,  "^CjOOQIc 


1844.]                                 AuUiarUy  againtl  Rearoit.  *81 

perfaapa  may  ensure  a  more  cwnplete  whoae  mental  uinatitQtioii  is  an  infinni- 

tempomy  saccets.     But  we  ouinol  ty — who  never  formed  an  opinion  him- 

conceive  that  it  tends  lo  advance  the  eelf^  nor  heartily  assented  to  tliat  of 

gtand   movemeut  of  the  age — that   it  another. 

contributes  to  the  ealar^meat  of  the  Bat  there  ia  another  class  to  wbom 

boanda  of  a  liberal  political  acience —  the  doctrine  of  political  authority,  or,  if 

that  it  aida  in  enli^tening  the  minda  you  nleaae,  of  proacription,  applies  with 

of  the  people,  and  in  endearing  to  them,  peculiar  force]  and  against  whom  it  is 

"" nonest  and  hearty  conviction  of  often  used  as  the  strong  engine  of  op- 


lir  truth,  the  aimple  elementary  doc-    pression.     They 
■■     "     ublica  


trinea    of   political    right — Republican  minds,  and  ardent  impulses — of  a  fear- 

Govemment — Repreaenlative  Democra-  leaa  spirit  and  honest  purnofe,  whose 

Cy.     And  therefore  auccesa,  based  upon  rulea  of  action  are  not  baaed  upon  expe- 

tSese  principles  of  proffresa,   muat  be  dJency,  but  right-,  who   do   not   make 

partial,  and  signally  fad  in  the  end  to  politics   a    profession  or   a  trade,  and 

accomplish  laating  and  pennanent  re-  whoae  only  convictions  are  those  that 

suits.  commend  themselves  to  the  reason  and 

Ad  experienced  and  admirably  drilled  conscience, 
army  of  regular  sddiera,  with  scarcely  The  experience  of  the  past,  together 
a  knowledge  of  the  authority  that  puta  with  our  every  day  oDsenation,  ia 
Ihem  in  action,  or  tbe  canse  in  wnich  enough  to  prove,  if  proof  is  necessary, 
they  fight,  will  from  the  force  of  disci-  that  we  have  not  misjudged  thia  matter. 
fdine  alone  do  capital  execution,  and  Whence  aprings  that  principle  of  intol- 
infinitely  excel  the  raw  recruits  from  erance,  which,  with  tne  eaay  coraplai- 
the  provincea.  But  let  theae  recruits  sauce  of  tbe  Pharisee,  proclai me  its  own 
be  doing  battle  for  freedom — let  them  rectitude  and  purity  of  character  to  him 
know  and  deeply  feel  their  own  wrongs  who  presumes  to  suggest  a  new  idea  or 
and  the  justice  of  their  cause,  and  be  notion — it  may  be  one  that  is  in  ad- 
inflamed  with  the  ardor  of  the  patriot  vance  of  the  age  7  Whence  comes  that 
BoIdier~-4jid  their  self-aacrifice  and  devo-  spirit  of  proscription,  that  is  ever  ready 
tion,  their  enthusiastic  determination,  to  read  out  of  uie  political  communion 
and  eamestneesof  purpose, will  eventu-  him  who  darea  doubt  the  soundness  of 
ally  triumph  over  every  obstacle,  and  an  old  maxim,  or  advocate  the  introduc- 
achieve  infinitely  more  than  years  of  tion  of  a  new,  until  such  old  or  new 
discipline  and  the  most  perfect  tactics  maxim,  as  the  case  may  be,  has  been 
could  accomplish.  condemned  or  approved  by  the  regularly 

The  result  of  efibrta  like  these  alone  constituted  autnoritiea  7  What  claim 
aredestincd  (olive  in  the  future.  They  has  a  radical  to  toleration,  or  the  pro- 
belong  to  that  which  is  lasting  and  per-  tection  of  the  mantle  of  chari^  7  Why 
tnanent,  and  not  to  the  mutable  and  should  a  visionary  who  talks  of  retbm), 
transient  tbingsof  the  daywhich  spring  be  permitted  to  go  abroad  without  a 
up  in  one  moment  to  be  forgotten  the  straight  jacket  7  What  right  has  he 
next.  who  questions  the  statesmanship  of  Mr. 

Let  it  not  be  nndetstood,  however,  Clav  to  the  name  of  Whig,  or  be  who 

that  the  principle  of  authority  extends  doubts  ^e  abeolate  infallibility  of  the 

only  to  tnat  class  who  are  willing  to  people  to  that  oF  Democrat  7 
relieve  themselves  of  the  onerous  duty        There  is  abroad  in  society  too  much 

of  thinking  for  themaelvea.     True  it  is,  of  this  high  aristocracy  of  opinion  on 

auch  a  class  exists,  and  for  them  we  the  one  hand,  and  of  this  easy  flexibility 

know  of  no  other  alternative  than  to  of  belief  on  the  other.     There  is  too 

adopt  the  impressions  of  othera,  unless  much  of  lofty   dictation,  and  too  little 

it  be  to  form  no  opinions  at  all,  than  adherenceto  rigid,  unbending  principle. 

which  a  more  abject  state  of  mental  There  is  far  too  great  a  deference  to 

Imbecility  cannot  be  conceived.  the  supremacy  of  the  public  will,  and 

Give  us  rather  the  man  of  whole  and  too  litUe  resect  for  the  tree  develop- 

hear^  impulses,  whose  notions,  though  ment  of  individual  opinion. 
hastily  formed  ftad  ollen  erroneous,  are       It  la  not  now  of  any  particular  partv 

yet  embraced  with  anhoncst  conviction,  or  interest  that  we  speak.     Itis  desi- 

and  carried  out  in  manly  and  consistent  rable,  if  possible,  to  consider  the  princi- 

action,  than  him  whose  mind  is  a  tabula  pie  alluded  to  separately  from  theae,  and 

rata — wboee  intellectual  lifeis  &  void —  to  take  in  a  view  as  wide  and  general  .^  j 

Coogic 


S^  Authority  agatiul  Reaton.  [Sept. 

Be  the  principle  itself  ia  dilTuBire  man  asked  of  a  eomewhat  celebrated 
throughout  society.  If  therefore  a  par-  physician — (the  poor  man  was  nnrea- 
ticnlar  application  is  made,  it  will  be  sonabl^  apprehensive  of  the  efficacy  of 
lather  fc^  the  Bake  of  the  llluBtration  the  potion,  bia  adviser's  skill,  or  the  safe- 
than  to  fasten  any  charge,  or  bring  any  ^  of  his  own  life).  "  Oh !"  answered  the 
reproof  to  a  distinctive  class  or  party,  doctor,  "  it  is  a  little  of  the  TUyre  tv 
eiuter  political  or  otherwise.  We  have  patuttE."  The  man  swallowed  the  potion 
said  tiiat  the  doctrine  of  authority,  or  in  and — recovered.  In  every  succeeding 
other  words  the  argTiwsnfumarftcrWMTi-  disorder,  he  wished  no  other  remedy 
diam,  is  mado  an  instrument  for  the  but  the  gennine  T^yre  lupattilm. 
enforcement,  oftentimes  unjust,  and  How  many  prescrijrtions  have  the 
sometimes  tyrannical,  of  opinion  in  doctors  in  politics  administered,  in  a  si- 
political  cambioB.tions.  The  truth  of  milar  manner,  to  their  suiTering  patients, 
this  position  is  apparent  to  every  one  thougli  not  always  attended  with  the 
who  is  accustomed  to  watch  with  a  same  happy  results !  And  how  often 
careful  eye  the  promulgation  of  opinion,  have  they  inspired  a  perfect  faith,  and  a 
and  the  manner  of  its  reception  by  that  serene  confidence,  by  communicating  in 
indefinite,  intangible  scmiething  which  a  iiiie  frank  and  candid  spirit  (he  nature 
we  call  the  PulJic.  of  their  remedies !  Now  how  absurd 
To  illustrate  again.  The  doctrine  of  would  it  have  been  for  the  poor  patient, 
protection  to  Home  Industry  becomes  a  with  his  parched  lips  and  fevered  brow, 
living  and  active  feith  witd  tlie  great  to  have  questioned  the  virtue  of  Tityre 
body  of  a  powerful  paity.  It  is  received  lu  patiila:,  so  long  as  it  came  to  mm 
wiu  as  much  enthusiasm  and  applauded  on  such  excellent  authority !  And,  of 
as  warmly  as  could  be  desired  by  the  course,  following  up  the  analogy,  how 
most  zealous  '  Home  Leaguer,'  or  even  foolish  it  is  (o  inquire  into  the  nature, 
t  champioBof  American  Indus-  to  exftmine  the   efccts, 


&y  himself.    Whence,  let  us  aak,  origi-  the  fitness  of  the  remedies  applied  to 

nates   this  faith,  that  is   indeed   "3ie  our  social  and  political  disorders,  so  long 

Bubetance  of  things  hoped  for,  and  the  as  we  receive  them  labelled  and  si^eo, 

evidence  of  things  not  seen?"    Does  it  and  fresh  from  the  hands  of  the  regular 

.  .        '8  one,  "Iknow  the  nature 

sanction  T      No;    no— what    have  the  of  the  remedy.     I  don't  swallow  every 

people  to  do  wiA  these  matters  ?  with  man's  drugs.    I  am  in  favor  of  internal 

making  political  maxims,  and  manufac-  improvement,    home    industry,    and   a 

turing    opinions?     What    have    the  sound  currency."    Stop,  genue patient, 

people  to  do  but  believe,  and  trust  to  the  are  you  certain  you  are  not  imposed 

Buperior  wisdom  of  the    directors  of  upon  by  a  name  ?    Are  you  quite  sure 

public  sentiment?     It  is  their  business  you  understand  the  natureof  the  7%yr«. 

quietly  to  open  their  ears  and  listen —  mpatula:  7    Your  physician  may  be  an 

to  apply  their  minds  to  the  things  that  empiric  and   a   quacK,  or  at   least  an 

pertain    to   their   political    well-being,  honest  man  not  thoroughly  acquainted 

Bimpty  as  humble  receiversof  the  truth,  with  his  art    He  may  recommend  for 

-~'  'o  make  no  wry  faces  at  the  pre-  the  body  politic  the  profuse  bloodletting 


Bcriptions,  nauseous  though  they  be,  of  of  monopoly  and  money  corporatioi , 
the  learned  doctors  of  the  political  call  it  internal  improvement  He  may 
faculty.  The  science  of  party,  like  that  prescribe  the  deadly  poison  of  the  credit 
of  medicine,  is  somewhat  empirical,  system  andagovemment  bank,andcall 
Experiment  is  the  order  of  the  day.  it  a  remedy  for  equalizing  the  circulat- 
We  must  exercise  a  living  faith  in  the  ing  medium  and  restoring  a  sound  oa- 
skill,  ability,  and  honesty  of  the  political  lionnl  currency.  He  may  apply  the  gal- 
as well  as  the  medical  practitioner,  vanic  battery  of  prohibitory  duties  and 
We  may,  it  is  quite  certain,  sometimes  high  tariff,  for  the  purpose  of  resuscitate 
T^ace  a  mistaken  confidence  in  a  quack,  ing  the  dead  body  of  commercial  en- 
But  this  is  our  own  fault.  Wo  rauEt  lerprise,  and  call  it  protection  to  Ameri- 
jndge  of  the  men — that  is  our  legitimate  can  industry. 

province — not  of  the  nature  of  the  rem-        "  But,"  says  a  very  worthy  and  right 

edy.     Everyman  whodoes  notbclong  mindedman,who,thoughinoppositionto 

to  the  regular  practice  is  presumed  to  what  we  conceive  to  be  the  true  popular  ; 

be  a  quack,  and  econrerjo.  movement  of  the  age,  is  yet  a  man  of  I 

"What  ia  thia  medicine?" — a  sick  honest bcliefaudri^ principles," these ^ 

Cooglc 


IBti.]                               Authorilj/  againtt  Retuen.  2B| 

ue  the  doctrines  of  tbe  party.  If  I  would  of  the  popul&r  voice,  do  matler  what  it 

be  &  consistent  aumiorter  of  th&t  party  may  be — such  is  the  doctrine  of  tile  day. 

ftod  contribute  to  its  ultimate  bucccbe,  I  It  is  in  vain  for  one  man  to  raise  hiB 

mQHt  yield  my  foil  awent  to  the  whole,  voice  amid  the  ahouta   and   huzzas  of 

It  ia  true,  my  sober  judgment  condemns  tbooEanda  !     What  preBumption  in  yon 

the  doctrine  of  protection,  but  if  I  ad-  to  claimtoierance  for  a  doctrine  that  haa 

vance  such  a  proposition  openly,  I  shall  not  received  the  sanction  of  the  political 

be  publicly  denounced.     Not  only  my  chiels,  and  consequently  has  not  been 

consietency  and  principles,  but  my  ho-  adopted  as  a  dietinctive  principle  by  the 

nesty,  would  be  doabted.    I  should  be  people !    What  presumption  ui  you  to 

rednced  politically  to  a  mere  cypher,  call  in  question  the  sincerity  of  some 

without   standing,  character,  or  infla-  gtom  poaular  flattery,   that   has  been 

ence.    Political  friends  would  regard  reiterated  again  and  a^in,  with  the 

me  as  an  unrnfe  man ;  and  every  vote,  most  indignant  and  patriotic  emphasis, 

even  upon  the  most  unimportant  and  from  the  hustingB  and  the  stnmn  into 

local  questions, '  would  be  scrutinized  the  ears  of  the  people,  and  which  this 

with  an  eye  of  jealousy."  same  people  always  listen  to  with  the 

And  it  is  the  truth ;  and  this  is  the  ertreme  of  complaisance  and  applaud 
curse,  the  deep  and  abiding  corse,  of  tiie  with  the  utmost  feelin?,  like  Coleridge's 
despotism  of  political  opinion.  What !  man,  who  alvrays  tool  off  his  hat  with 
cannot  a  man  be  eoond — can  he  not  be  the  meet  profound  demonstration  of  re- 
honeet— can  he  not  yield  a  consistent  epect  whenever  he  spoke  of  himself ! 
■ad  earnest  support  to  a  set  of  mBBsuree,  Von  are  but  an  iitdividual,  and  are 
and  yet  enjoy  ms  own  free  thought,  and  therefore  not  entitled  to  a  separate  opi' 
write  and  speak  boldly  and  fearlessly  nion.  You  are  but  a  drop  in  the  whirl- 
that  thought  upon  every  measure,  or  pool,  an  atom  in  the  maas,  a  solitary 
upon  every  man  engaged  in  its  advance-  monad  that  scarcely  forms  a  part  of  the 
ment,  thongh  perhaps  It  may  be  in  cod-  great  universe  of  being.  Here  we  go 
flict  with  the  prevailing  opinion  7  Can  for  things  in  the  aggregate.  We  een- 
he  not  be  an  earnest  ana  ardent  sup-  eralize  and  recognize  no  individnuity, 
porter  of  a  policy,  which,  in  the  main,  no  personal  development.  Abatractione 
oe  believes  in  his  heart  to  be  right,  are  the  order  of  the  day.  We  have 
though  he  may  maintain — yes,  and  open-  plenty  of  public,  but  have  very  littlfl 
h  ai&ocate — a  heterodox  notion  upon  a  room  for  individual  opinion, 
oozen  collateral  questions  1  Buch  are  some  of  the  cooseqnencea 
Away  with  this  deBpotism  of  thought —  that  result  from  this  principle  of  author- 
kway  with  this  false  authority,  that  ity.  Its  tendency  is  to  destroy  all  in* 
would  fetter  to  the  earth  the  immortal  dependence  of  thought  and  freedom  of 
put  of  man's  nature — away  with  that  action.  Its  business  is  to  enjbrce  the 
party  tactics  whose  otij  end  is  utility —  arbitrary  power  of  that  unseen,  all-etai- 
which  prepares  the  Procrustean  bed  for  trolling  something,  termed  popular  sen- 
every  opinion,  and  cringes  with  a  servile  timent.  It  merges  the  man  into  the 
■nd  abject  sycophancy  iKneath  the  self-  multitude — the  individual  will  into  that 
conatitutedexponentofthepopuiarwill.'  of  the  public — a  distinct,  independent 

We  neither  deaire  nor  expect  indivi-  unity  of  eicistence  into  a  broad  and  ge- 

daal  opinion  to  be  received  in  oppoeition  ner^  univerBatity. 

to  that  of  the  great  public.    All  we  can  It  is  to  this  point  we  have  traced  it ; 

claim  for  ouraelvea  ia  immunity  for  the  and  with  this  rapid  and  hasty  glance  at 

lull   and  free  expression  of  individual  the  subject,  we  must  for  Uie  present 

sentiment.    All  we  can  ask  for  others  tajie  leave  of  it ;  feeling  that  but  little 

is  a  guaranty  of  the  right,  irrespective  more  has  been  accomplished  than  an 

of  all  party  discipline  and  political  au-  imperfect  sketch  or  outline,   although 

thority,  to  think,  to  speak,  to  act  for  theseremsrkshavoextendedthemselyes 

OurselveB.     Let   us   have   bach    again  far  beyond  the  space  originally  intend- 

thoso  good  old  days,  and  that  good  old  ed.     The  subject  we  conceive  to  be  one 

healthy   feeling  of  the  past,  ram  tern-  of  magnitude  and  importance,  opening 

porumfeticUale,  iibi  teTilirequa:  velis,  et  an  ample  field  for  future  speculation, 

qum  tenlias  Aicere  luel.  and  well  wortliy,  from  its  practical  im- 

Bnt   no.     Submit  cheerfully  to  the  portance,  of  the  most  candid  consider- 

public  will,  no  matter  from  wnence  it  tion  and  fearieas  inquiry. 
originates ;  conform  to  the  expression 


,  Google 


A  Welcome  U  <Xt  Sidl.  \Svgt. 


A  WELCOME  TO  OLE  BULL, 


Lis^taiB 
When  tl 


Wblcohe  to  thee,  Ole  BdU  r 

A  welcome  warm  and  &ee  I 
For  heart  and  memoiv  sre  full 

Of  thy  rich  minstrelsj. 
Tia  music  for  the  tuneful  riUs 
To  flow  to  from  the  verdant  hills ; 
Hnaic  such  as  6iBt  on  earth 
Gave  to  the  Aurora  birth. 
Hnsic  for  the  leaves  to  dance  to ; 
Hnsic  such  aa  simbeanu  glanc*  to;  - 
Treble  to  the  ocean's  roar. 
On  some  old  resounding  shore. 
Silveiy  showers  from  the  fountains ; 
Mists  nnrollinff  from  the  monntains ; 

Hitaing  flastiing  through  a  cloud, 

'"n  the  winds  are  pipm;  loud. 
Music  full  of  warbling  graces, 
like  to  birds  in  forest  places, 
Gushing,  trilling,  whirring  ronnd. 
Mid  the  pine  trees'  munn'ring  sonnd. 
The  martin  scolding  at  the  wren. 
Which  sharply  answers  back  again, 
Till  across  tlie  angry  song 
Sbuins  of  laughter  ran  obng. 
Now  leaps  the  bow,  with  airv  bound. 
Like  daiy^r  springing  from  the  groond ; 
And  now  like  antumn  wind  comes  si(^ng. 
Over  leaves  and  Uossoms  djing. 
The  lark  now  singetb  from  afar. 
Her  carol  to  the  momioc  star, 
A  clear  sc^rano,  rising  hicfi, 
Aecending  to  the  inmost  sky. 
And  now  the  scattered  tones  are  flying, 
Like  Bpariu  in  midnight  darkness  dying ; 
Gems  liom  rockets  in  the  sky, 
*  Falling — felling — gracefully. 
Now  wreathed  and  twined — but  still  ertdving 
Haimonioas  oneness  in  revolving ; 


As  on  a  harp  with  golden  strings, 

AU  Nature  breathes  through  mee. 
And  with  her  thousand  voices  sings 

The  infinite  and  free. 
Of  beauty  she  is  lavish  ever; 

Her  urn  is  alwavs  full ; 
But  to  our  earth  she  giveth  never 

Another  Ole  Bull. 


lizcdbyGoOl^Ic 


1844.)  T/u  Dn^t  Daughttr. 

THE  DRAPER'S  DAUGHTER. 

PaH  Second.* 
m.— TRB  TATERK  OF  THE  TEMPLE. 

ItTTtx  renHLins  now  of  the  ancient    h&d  their  representHtive 

qnirter  of  the  Temple,  as  it  exiated  two    city  within  a  city.     Here  were   t 


r  three  centoriea  ago.     All  the  space  seen  youn?  and  gay  cawliers  in  dresses 

now  lying  between  the  boulevard,  the  of  bUk  and  satin,  with  ruined  wretches 

atreet  of  la  Conl^rie  and  the  street  of  the  in    their    rags— a.bl.e?,    military    men. 

Temple,  then  formed  a  vast  enclosure,  tradesmen,  men  of  the  robe  and  men  of 

whicQ,  ailer  having  been  once  the  prop-  the  pen,  each  with  his  characleiistic 

eity  of  the  Templars,  had,  since  the  costume,  habits  and  taetee ;  al!  gathered 

time  of  Philip  the  Fair,  passed  into  the  together  and  held  together  by  the  cohe- 

posaewion  of  the  Koighta  of  Malta.     It  aion  of  one  common  motive.     A  sort  of 

nad    once    been     aurrounded    with    a  Parisian   Alsatia,   it  was   in  that  day 

strongly  fortified  wall,  which  had  now,  what  Belgium  and  England  are  at  the 

however,  given  place  to  lines  of  houses,  present  to  a  great  manv,  an  asylum  trom 

tbou^  some  portions  of  the  former  still  the    persecution  of   iDeir   troubleeome 

lemamed ;  especially  at  the  main  en-  creditors. 

trance   of  the    enclosure,   which   was        Many   indeed   were   the   stratagems 

through  a  deep  vatilted  eateway,  sur-  resorted  to  by  the  latter  to  tempt  forth 

mounted  by  an  old  and  High  building  the  residents  of  this  favored  spot  beyond 

occupied  by  the  archers  of  the  Priory,  the  limitA  which  bounded   its  privilege. 

At  tnat  place  were  always  on  guard.  On  Sundays  and  after  nightfaU,  indeed, 

night  ano  day,  a  sufficient  guard  to  pro-  all  were  at  liberty  to  roam  abroad  ;  but 

tect  the  right  of  asylum  enjoyed  by  the  wo  to  the  hapless  one  who  at  any  other 

quarter.  time  allowed  himself  to  be  surpnsed  on 

The  interior  of  this  vast  enclosure  the  left  side  of  the  little  stream  which 

was  occupied  with  a  great  number  and  flowed  down  the  middle  of  the  street  of 

varietv  of  hooses,  chiefly  wooden  and  the  Temple.     The  gentleman  would 

eld,wnich  containeda  singular  motley  there  behold  passing  before  him  the 

of   population.     The   Gra^    Prior   of  mistress  he  had  loved,  on  the  arm  of  k 

Hahafaavingeueceededto  tbeexclnsive  mousquetaire  who  would  eye  him  on 

jurisdiction  Tonnerly  belonging  to  the  the  other  side  of  the  street  with  an  air 

Grand  Master  of  the  Temple,  it  was  of  insolent  triumph, — wo  to  the  Jealous 

exempt  froai  all  the  other  various  civil  lover  if  he  allowed  himself  to  be  tempted 

iurisdictionB  prevailing  in  the  ci^  at  across  in  pnrsnit  of  the  treacherous 

large;  and   inasmuch    as  the   kntghta  pair;  when  the  mousquetaire  would  be 

were  not  only  very  jealous  of  their  an-  transformed  into  a  bailiff  of  the  Cbjlte- 

Ihority,  but  darivoa  also  a  large  income  let,  who  would  immediately  exhibit  his 

from  the  privilege  of  their  territory,  no  warrant  and  conduct  him  to  prison  t 

arrest  for  debt  was  ever  permitted  with-  Often   would   the    bankrupt    merchant 

in  its  limits — a  state  oi  things  which  receive  the  intelligence  that  one  of  his 

continued   down  to  the    revolution  of  old   debtors  was  visited  with  remorse, 

1789,  when  ail  the  feudal  privileges  and  and  was  awaiting  him  in  the  adjoining 

r'vate  jarisdictions  were  abolished,  street  ivith  a  big  of  gold, — wo  to  the 
was,  therefore,  the  resort  of  hank-  too  confiding  shopkeeper  if  he  foU  into 
Tupts  and  insolvents  of  all  classes,  the  snare,  and  found  in  his  repentant 
inclnding  not  a  few  who,  with  am-  debtor  only  a  tall  constable  ready  to  lay 
pie  means,  preferred  to  spend  them  his  hand  on  his  collar  and  hurry  him  c^ 
themselves  on  their  own  dissipated  plea-  to  a  place  of  safe-keeping!  All  the 
Bures,  rather  than  satisfy  the  claims  of  guests  of  the  Grand  Prior  were  there- 
creditors  who  had  no  power  over  them  fore  vigilantly  on  their  guard  against  a 
within  the  precincts  of  this  convenient  surprise ;  each  remoioM  quietly  within 
•sjlam.    JiU  ranks  and  all  conditions  the  common  asylum,  engaged  in  his 


*  CoBcIadcd  from  oni  last 


=1  Google 


see                                       The  Draper't  Daughter.  [SepL 

pleasnree  or  the  bneineM  which  thej  necting  the  yonng  Marqnia  with  tlia 

would  Btill  pursTie  there,  and  the  daily  a&ir,  as  to  involve  the  latter  very  Be- 

occarrencea  of  Paris  reached  there  oaly  riousl;   in   his  own  fate.      The  other 

by  hear-say,  as  in  any  remote  provin-  worthy  individual  waa    Captain  Cortu- 

cial   town.     On  SimclayB,   indeed,  aud  neaii,  once  in  the  military  service,  bnt  of 

by    night,    all    were     free   to    scatter  late  years  a  profeBsional  cnt-throat  in  S 

over  the  city,  where   they  might  dely  more  private  way,   in   addition   to  tha 

Iheir  creditors  in  the  places  of  nub-  varied  accompliehmentB  of  a  bully  and 

lie     resort,    and    even    insult    thein  blackleg  rendering  him  ready  Cor  any 

with  the  efirontery  of  the  most  Inxn-  honorable  enterpnse  in  his  line  that 

lioua   parade.       But    as   soon  as    the  might  turn  np.     He  had  been  for  three 

Biin   bevas  to  dawn  above  the  hori-  vears  under  sentence  to  be  bung,  but 

zon,   all   speed   must   be   made   (o  re-  nad  hitherto  eacceeded  in  eluding  tba 

torn;   and  many  an  imprudent  victim  best  eSbrts  of  the   IJeutenant-crimiQal, 

bad   to  repent  his  fargetfulness  of  the  Defunctis,  for  his  apprehension. 

honr  in  the  company  of  the  woman  be-  There  were  some  half-dozen  othei 

loved,  or  the  bottle  adored.  pBrsons  in  the  room,  chiefly  quiet  bonr- 

Sudi  was  the  encloiura  of  the  Tern-  geois  of  the  kind  by  whom  the  tavern 

pie,  to  which  the  reader  is  now  to  be  was  mainljr  frequented  ;  they  were  en- 

introduced,  about  a  year  after  the  date  gaged  at  loTuquenet  and  other  games 

of  the  robbery  of  Master  Polivean's  ten  of  chance  of  the  day.    One  old  man  was 

thousand  crowns,  which  had  consum-  seated  apart  frocn  the  rest,  i 


mated  the  honest  draper's  ruin.  dow  openbg  upon  the  street,  into  whiott 

One  summer  evenine,  at  about  the    he  was  looking  as  though  in  exi>ecta- 
honr  of  sunset,  in  the  lower  hall  of  a    tton  of  some  psraoo  to  pass. 


retired  tavern  within  its  limits,  frequent-  entered  shortly  before,  and,  without  or- 
ed  chiefly  by  the  tradesmen  and  hour-  deriog  any  leliresbmeot,  had  Beat«d 
geois  residents  of  the  enclosure,  two  himseif,  with  humble  patience,  in  the 
persons  were  seated  at  a  small  table,  background.  With  his  elbow  on  tba 
each  with  an  ample  goblet  of  hypocras  table,  and  bis  head  resting  on  his  hand, 
before  him,  with  which  they  moistened  the  poor  old  man,  besides  bis  evident 
the  conversation  in  which  they  were  feeble  weariness,  appeared  possessed  ^ 
engaged.  The  one  was  a  tall,  powerfol  by  a  dejection  too  profonnd  and  painfijl 
man,  in  a  faded  military  costume,  with  to  peimit  him  to  tijte  any  interest  in  or 
a  buff  collar;  whoee  face,  divided  in  two  evenoottce  of  the  scene  around  him. 
by  a  long  red  scar,  presented  one  of  the  Ue  Manle,  who  had  been  invited  to 
meet  repulsive  countenances  often  to  be  this  rendezvous  by  his  ferocious-look- 
encountered.  A  heavy  iron-hilled  sword,  ing  friend,  was  giving  the  latter,  in  re- 
of  most  formidable  aspect,  jay  before  ply  to  his  inquiries,  some  account  of 
him  across  his  knees.  His  companion,  the  Polivean  affair ;  of  which,  to  hia 
whom  he  had  shortly  before  met  at  this  present  compuiion,  he  spoke  with  little 
spot  on  a  rendezvous,  was  no  other  than  attempt  at  disguising  its  true  character 
onr  oU  iiiend,  the  Count— or  the  self-  on  his  own  part.  Of  Villenegre's  par- 
styled  Count,  de  Uanle ;  no  longer  in-  ticipation  in  it  he  spoke  of  it  with  equal 
deed,  brave  in  al!  the  finery  which  ha  recklessness  and  leastruth,  as  an  amor-  "^ 
had  displayed  on  the  occasion  of  onr  ouaadTeoture,iu  which  he  treated  with 
former  introduction  to  him  in  the  Rue  hul  little  delicacy  the  poor  maiden  who 
de  la  Tixeranderie,  but  in  a  costume  of  had  been  the  unhappiest  victim  of  tba 
showy  shabbiness  which  revealed  a  wo-  whole  aSair.  He  spoke  loudly,  as 
fully  altered  fortune  on  the  part  of  the  though  for  the  information  of  all  the 
wearer.  His  moustache  was,  however,  company  present ;  by  scarcely  any  of 
as  well  waited,  his  feather  as  high,  and  whom,  however,  was  he  heeded,  except 
his  swagger  as  insolent  as  ever,  though  hy  the  poor  and  feeble  old  man  juat  no- 
be  was  no  longer  attended  by  the  faifli-  tioed.  The  latter  rallied  from  his  state 
fill  lackeys  ^o  had  before  composed  of  lethargic  dejection  to  listen,  and 
his  retinue.  TTiey  had  been  sent  to  the  more  than  once  made  a  motion  as 
galleys  for  the  tittle  a^r  of  Polive&u's  thongh  to  spring  toward  the  oaitator, 
robbery  -,  a  well-desened  destination  though  he  cheeked  himself  in  it,  and 
which  De  Manle  had  himself  with  diffi-  remained  aa  before,  entirely  nonoticsd 
cnlty  escaped,  throu^  the  power  of  the  by  the  rest  of  the  company. 

Villenigre  binily — which  he  had  con-        I'his  was  poor  maater  Poliveaa  him-.^  ' 

liived  to  enlist  in  his  behalf,  by  so  coi^  self— now  a  fugitive  bankrupt  vithid     QOO  Ic 


1844.]  The  Draper't  Daughter.  S87 

lo  meel  him  on  the  way,  had  been  ciim- 
petted,  by  ihe  weariness  of  his  fasU 
lore, me  laaa  oi  ine  len  inuusana  croivns,  failing  strength,  to  turn  iiilo  the  tavern 
together  with  tha.t  of  Roseite  from  his  where  we  have  fiiund  him,  seated  by  a 
shop,  of  which  she  had  been  the  great-  window  atfording  a  view  of  the  passcn- 
eal  attraction,  completed  his  ruin.  In  gera  in  the  street  in  the  direction  from 
hia  despair,  it  ia  probable  that  he  would  which  he  waseipecting  the  appearance 
hlTe  sunk  under  the  burthen  of  all  these     of  the  apprentice. 

sfflictiotiB,  nor  made  any  further  effort         When  De  Manle  had  finished  his  nar- 
n  himself  even  in  life,  had  he    rative,  which,  intermixed  with  brutal 


t  been  hurried  off,  aJmost  by  force,    laughter  and   insolerl    mockery,   had 

the  place  of  refuge  of  the  Temple,    harrowed  the  soul  of  his  unobserTed 

by  Giles  Ponselot,  who  now  supplieJ     listener    almost      beyond    endurance, 


the  place   of  the   most  devoted   ann.  Corbineau  proposed  to  walk  forth  toge- 

Here  the  poor  and   broken-down  old  ther,  that  they  might  converse  at  their 

man  was  humbly  supported  by  the  ta-  eaae  on  the  business,  prirate  in  its  na- 

bora  of  his  faithful  ex-apprentice,  who  lure,  for  which  he  had  invited  him  to  the 

also  gare  a  targe  part  of  hia  lime  to  rendezvous.       The   former,   however, 

eSbrlB  among   his  master's  numerous  very  speedily  obviated  this  difliculty  in 

debtors  and  creditors,   from  the  former  his  own  way,  by  turning  all  the  timid 

lo  obtain  the  payment  of  their  obliga-  bourgeois  company  out,  neck  and  heels, 

tions,  and  from  the  latter  such  a  relin-  into  the  street,  with  that  fierce  and  bully- 

quiahment  of  their  claims  as  would  en-  ing  insolence  which,  from  a  cavalier  of 

able  the  bankrupt  trader  to  come  forth  such  pretensions,  none  of  them  darftd 

again  from  the  ignominioua  asylum  of  to  resiat. 

the  Temple,  and  perhaps  resume  at  the  "Off!  outwith  you,  you  scoundrels]" 
old  stand  the  business  in  which  he  had  he  said,  pushing  them  along  before  him; 
once  been  so  honorably  distinguished,  "out  with  you!  Go  into  the  street 
In  these  efforts  the  old  draper  took  lit-  and  see  if  I  am  there.  This  brave 
tie  interest  or'part.  His  affliction  lay  Captain  Corbineau  haa  private  matters 
too  deep  than  to  be  reached  by  such  lo  discuss,  and  we  do  not  choose  to 
temediea.  He  spent  his  days  in  melan-  have  your  long  asses'  ears  within  heat- 
eholy  silence  and  abstraction.  His  ing.  Out  with  you  1  and  if  you  behave 
daughter's  name  he  never  allowed  lo  be  yourselves  properly,  I  will  play  a  main 
mentioned  in  his  presence.  She  had,  of  dice  with  those  of  you  who  may  hap- 
in  the  mean  time,  continued  an  inmate  pen  to  have  a  few  pistoles  to  loae-~-I 
of  the  convent  of  the  Ave  Maria,  nheie  promise  you  that!" 
her  only  visitors  were  her  good-na-  When  they  had  crosied  the  threshold, 
tared  friend  lo  whose  protection  she  and  he  had  shut  the  door  behind  them, 
had  been  consigned,  Madame  (or  as  as  he  returned  with  a  swagger  of  tri- 
she  would  be  styled  at  that  day,  Made-  umph  toward  hia  comrade,  he  perceived 
moiaelle)  Defunclia,  and  occasionally  the  old  man,  who  had  remained  silent 
Giles,  who  obtained  ibe  permission  to  and  motionless  in  the  obscure  corner 
tee  his  old  mistress  through  the  grating  where  he  was  seated. 
ofthe  convent  parlor,  to  bring  her  in-  "And  whom  have  we  got  here?" 
telligence  ofthe  condition  of  hei  father,  sailh  the  count,  with  surprise.  "Where 
Poliveau  rarely  failed  lo  know,  by  a  the  devil  does  this  dismal  old  figure 
sort  of  paternal  instinct,  the  days  of  come  from  1  1  sav.  fellow,  did  you  not 
these  visits ;  and  though  bis  yet  un-  hear  whai  I  said  to  the  rest  1 — and 

broken  pride  and  resentment  forbade  must  I " 

him  to  make  any  inquiry  after  the  tin-  He  stepped  short,  and  in  spil£  of  his 
worthy  and  dishonored  daughter  whom  confusion  was  somewhat  disconcerted- 
he  had  disowned  and  cast  from  him,  he  The  person  he  addressed  had  juat  tum- 
nerer  failed  to  scan  eagerly  the  coun-  ed  round,  and  by  the  last  rays  of  the 
lenance  of  his  apprentice  on  such  occa-  twilight  the  count  recognized  Nicholas 
aioDi,  aa  though  for  some  refiection  of  Poliveau,  pale,  feeble,  broken  down,  and 
the  expression,  whether  of  joy  or  grief,  twenty  years  older  by  a  single  year  of 
he  might  have  seen  on  the  face  of  his  soffenng'. 

lost  child.     On  the  present  evening  b*         Captain  Corbineau,  surprised  at  the 

was  anxiously  awaiting  Giles's  return  sudden  change  wrought  in  his  camfOr- 

tiota  the  city ;  and  having  come  forth  Dion,  was  about  to  inquire  the  teneoa.^ 

XjOOglC 


SM                                      The  Drapet'i  Dmghltr.  [Sept. 

when  the  iinliappj  dmper  eaid  to  him  prond  and  ancient  house ;  and  the  lal- 
with  a  hollow  bjhI  penetrating  voice,  ter  had  engaged  the  services  of  Corbi- 
like  that  of  a  spectre,  pointing  with  his  neau,  known  to  bim  as  a  hireling  dee- 
finger  to  the  count :  pctado,  i^aih'  for  any  service  of  daring 

"  Do  you  see  that  man  7  It  is  through  viilainy.     Tne  firet  Biiggeation  of  the 

himthatmydaughterhaabeenruined.my  recklesB  ruffian  had  been  to  burn  the 

property   plundered,   my  name    disho'  convent,  with   k11   its   inmates,  in  the 

nored !     It  is  through  nim  that  I,  who  night.    On  thie  plan  being  rejected  by 

should  have  been  rich,  reaptcted  aad  his   less    unscrupulous  employeTS,  be 

hai^y,  am  now  solitary,  destitute,  and  then  undertooh  to  abduct  her  dv  force 

covered  with  ignominy !    Bad  as  yon  ^^evising  some  pretext  to  entice  ber 

may  be,  do  not  aasociate  yoiireelf  with  beyond  the  shelter  of  the  convent — and 

him,  for  he  is  accursed,  and  snch  an  as-  then  by  coercion  to  dispiwe  of  her  in 

sociation  would  bring  evil  on  you  both !"  sonie  such  manner  as  should  efiectually 

He  turned  slowly  as  he  spoke,  and  preclude  any  possibility  of  the  young 

went    out,    leaving    the   two   ruffians  marquis  ever  carrying  into  eSect   the 

epeU-bound  by  his  look,  and  more  moved  infatuation  of  his  purpose,  to  make  her 

by  this  appantion  than  seemed  to  com-  his  wife.     For  this  service,  he  was  to 

port  with  the  savage  nature  of  the  one,  receive  a  thousand  crowns ;  aod  for  its 

and  the  dry  and  cold  nature  of  the  other,  execution,  he  had  now  songlit  outDe 

De  Manle  was  the  firet  to  recover  his  Manle,  to  whom  the  fair  draper's  daugh- 

eanf-froid.  ler  was    to   be  given,  in  compulsory 

"I  had  heard,"  he  said,  with  a  sneer-  marriBee,  as  soon  as  they  should  gain 

ing  laugh,  "that  Poliveau  had  talien  possession  of  her  person.    Corbinean 

reiuge  in  Uie  enclosure  of  (he  Temple ;  undertook  the  lattfir  business,  requiring 

but  faith,  I  had  forgotten  it.   Who  would  the  cooperation  of  the  other  only  for  the 

have  thought  that  that  old  man  waa  ceremony  of  the  wedlock — a  service  for 

perched  so  near  ub  7"  which  De  Manle  waa  to  receive  half  of 

"  I  don't  like  to  have  these  old  crows  the  reward.      It  is  needless  to  say,  that 

come  croaking  over    my  path,"  said  such  a  proposition  was  eagerly  accept- 

Corbineau,  loiittiug  his  browa ;  "  it  is  a  ed.     The  poeseasion  of  the  pretty  Ro- 

had  omen,  especiaUy  as  the  a^r  I  have  settc,  five  hundred  crowns,  and  a  re- 

to  propose  to  you  ttaa  something  to  do  venge  which  would  make    a    capital 

with  Uiia  projfliet  of  evil."  story  to  lell  against    Villenegie,    by 

The  captain,  however,  proceeded  to  whom,  after  the  afikir  of  the  Rue  de  la 
unfold  his  ousiness,  which  was  listened  Tixeranderie,  he  had  been  challenged 
to  with  eager  attention  b^  bis  compa-  and  imniahed  with  a  severe  wotmd, 
nion.  It  waa  briefly  this.  The  old  which  had  confined  him  to  hia  bed  for 
Duke  de  Villen^gre  was  on  bis  death-  six  month»— the  union  of  all  these  mo- 
bed,  but  his  last  days  were  tormented  tives  would  have  overcome  more  deli- 
by  the  thought  of  the  misalliance  which  cate  scruples  than  any  plan  of  rascality 
would  be  contracted  by  his  eon,  when  was  likely  to  enconnter  on  the  part  of 
made  master  of  his  own  destiny.  Tlie  our  worthy  friend. 
latter  remained  infieiible  in  his  fidelity  That  very  night  had  been  already 
to  his  plebeian  mistress,  and  tothe  honor  fixed  upon  by  Corbineau  for  tlie  execu- 
which  tie  declared  pledged  to  render  the  tion  of  the  plot.  He  hastened  away  lo 
justice  and  reparation  dne  to  her  and  perform  his  part  in  it,  after  having  ar- 
here.      He  continued  absorbed   in   hia  ranged  with  De  Manle  that  precisely  at 

Csion — for  ever  haunting  the  neigh-  the  stroke  of  ten  the  latter  snould  be  at 

dood    of    the   convent  which    waa  the  foot  of  the  lower  of  the  Temple,  at 

Rosette's  abode — and  plottine  all  pos-  the  comer  next  to  the  palace  of  the 

Bible  expedients  with  Madame  Defunctis  Grand  Prior,  where,  the  moon  being  in 

to  lAtain  her  forgiveness,  access  to  ber,  the  opposite  direction,  he  would  be  in  * 

and  the  removal  of  the  obstacles  which  deep  shade.     He  was  there  to  be  ac- 

debarred  their  union.     His  mother,  who  costed  by  a  petaon  with  the  pass-vvord 

waa  very  aged,  had  sunk  into  a  state  of  of  "  To  the  devil  mlh  He  Nuns !" — to 

imbecility.    The  old  dnke,  as  a  last  re-  which  he  was  to  reply,  "  Viw  Ae  Vol- 

sort,  had  called  into  his  coimaels  hia  ifes-Ecoiiers .'"     After  this  exchange  of 

confidential     valet,    to    devise    some  signals  of  recomition,  he  was  to  &Uow 

means  of  preventing  the  poesibili^  of  that  person,  u^  implicitly  obey  hia  di- 

this  btal    disgrace   falling    upon   his  recticHiB. 


I  =y  Google 


1644.]  Tht  Draper't  Daughter.  980 

"And  now,  comrade,"  said  Corbinean,  sun  was  down,  it  wsb  stJH  earl;  and 

riBin^  and  adjuxting  his  heavy  Bwnrd  to  broad  twilight.     Somewhat   at   a  Iobh 

his  side,  and  fixing  hia  Bavape  glance  how  to  amuse  the  interval  of  time,  he 

on  the  i^er,  "  1  hope  you  witlnot  make  eanntered  to  the  door,  and  in  an  adjoin- 

the  business   miscarry  by  any  imprn-  ing  room  saw  some  of  the  bmirgeois 

dence  of  yoQT«.     Keep  yoimielf  Bober;  whom  he  had  so  summarily  ejected. 
I  know  yon  are  nther  too  well  disposed       "  Hollo,    good    people !      he    cried ; 

to  drink  pretty  deep,  and  I  foncy  yon  "  come  here — you  may  come  in  now. 

have  already  taken  m  more  claret  than  I  owe  yon  some  reparation,  and  I  will 

enough  for  such  an  enterprise  as  thii.  give  it  to  yon  at  dice,  or  cards,  or  any 

And  now,"  he  continued,  laying  on  the  game  yon  choose — come  along  all  of 

table  a  handful!  of  gold,  "  here  te  some  yon.   1  have  gotapnrsefullof  beantifol 

eameat-money  to  brace  you  up  to  the  gold  crowna,  aad  I  am  ready  for  any 

work  to  be  done,  and  do  not  forget  the  stakes  yon  please.  And  von,  my  dcvil^ 

hour  and  the  pass-word."  ho«t,wino — h3rpocras— claret — forthese 

So  saying,  he  drew  his  hat  over  his  wortiiy  fellows !     I  will  pay  for  all !     I 

eyes,  and  took  his  departote  in  precipi-  mean  to  come  down  to  theu'  level  for 

tate  haste.  once,  and  teach  those  ignorant  black- 

De  Manle's  flmt  act  w&a  eagerly  to  guards  how  to  drink  like  gentlemen." 
secure  the  money  in  the  purse  hanging.        In  Ave  minntes  the  count  was  sur^ 
According  to  the  fashion  of  the  time,  rounded  by  a  dozen  persons,  with  whcm 
from  hia  belt     He  then  went  to  the  he  was  gambling,  swearing  and  drink- 
window,  and  obeerred  that  though  the  ing  as  hard  as  the  best. 


Atter  his  departure,  or  rather  expul-  yieli       ...   .  __.  , 

sion,  from  the  tavern,  in  the  mode  above  for  a  brief  interview,  the  unwelcome 

related,    Poliveau,    almost    maddened  stranger. 

with  his  exasperation,  wandered  to  and        As  tfaeyneajed  the  door,  they  remark* 

&o  for  a  considerable  time  before  he  ed  a  hirea  carriage  drawn  np  at  a  little 

felthimself plackedgentlybythesleeve,  distance  from  it.     The  coachman  had 

and  his  faithful  apprenUce,  Giles  Pon-  descended  from  his  seat,  and  was  talk- 

selot,  stood  hefijre   him.     An  unuanal  ing  in  a  low  tone  with  several   suapici- 

expression  of  mingled  alarm  and  hope  ons  looking  persons,  who  quickly  widi- 

disturfaed  the  countenance  of  the  latter,  drew  into  die  shade  of  some  trees  on 

the   particular    carefnlness    of   whose  their  approach.     Among  them  was  the 

attire  sufficiently  betokened  that  this  Captain  with  the  broad  scar  across  his 

was  one  of  the  days  on  which  he  had  face,  and  anotiter  individoal  in  black, 

visited  the  Convent  of  the  Ave  Maria,  who  had  the  air  of  a  major-domo  of  some 

After   lingering   awhile    on    ordinary  great  house.    Hastening  on  with  an 

topics,  as  they  Srecled  their  steps  alow-  aifectation  of  firmness,  Ijelied   by  the 

ly  towards  their  humble  qoarters,  Giles  trembling  of  the  arm  that  rested!^  upon 

at  length  summoned  courage  to  tell  his  that  of  Giles,  and  by  a  slight  paleness 

master  that  a  visitor  had  come,  in  the  which  diffused  itself  over  his  face,  Poll- 

hope  of  obtaining  permission  to  see  him,  veau  entered,  without  remarking  these 

which  he  implored  him  not  to  refiiae.  circumstances.     He  mounted  the  toi- 

Quick  as  lightning  to  apprehend  that  tnons  staircase  which  conducted  to  the 

it  was  some  person  from  or  on  i>ehalf  of  second  floor,  and  after  an    irresolute 

his  discarded  daughter,  the  old  man,  al-  pause  on  the  threshold,  he  was  almost 

ready  quivering  with  the  recently  re-  thrust  into  the  chamber  by  his  atten- 

newed   excitement  of   his   wrath   and  dant 

grief  in  regard  to  her,  at  first  met  the  Two  female  figures  were  standing  in 
request  wim  an  angry  and  peremptory  the  middle  of  the  narrow  and  gloomy 
refusal ;  nor  was  it  till  after  Giles,  in  apartment.  The  one  was  the  matronly 
despair  froni  the  failure  of  all  his  re-  wife  of  the  lieutenant  of  police,  Defii&c- 
monstrances  and  prayers,  was  reduced  tis ;  the  other,  of  more  youthful  appear- 
to  the  neceesity  of  making  a  vehement  anee,  wore  the  white  costnme  of  a 
appeal  founded  on  the  devoUon  of  his  oovice,  whilb  her  features  were  con- 
own  personal  services  and  fidelity  to  his  cealed  by  a  long  veil  whicji  dropped 
old  master,  that  the  latter  at  last  so  fiti  finm  her  bead. 
VOL.  zr. — so.  LXZT.              20 


iy  Google 


900                                      TJu  Dn^i  Dmshttr.  [Sept. 

The    old    diaper    Btood    rpeechless  her  awa^,  and  let  faer  forget  for  ever  the 

and    trembling     before    his     strange  way  to  my  abode." 

visitors,  who  remained  motionJeBH  and  Recovered  from  the  fiiBt  ihock  of  her 

silent,    like     two    shadows,    in    the  repulse,  the  young  maiden  now  roee, 

darkness  of  the  chamber.    The  veiled  and  wiping  her  eyes  which  streamed 

ladv,  on  the  other  hand,  tremUed  also  BO  with  t^rs,  she  spoke  with  an  angelic 

violently,  that  she  appeared  about  to  fall  sweetness  not  unmixed  with  a  certain 

to    the    ground.     Her    breathing  was  dignity : 

rting  and  oppressed.    There  was  in  "  Father,  the  occasion  of  this  meeting 

siknce  ot^  these  two  persons,  who  is  a  solemn  one ;  and  if  I  have  dared  to 

could  scarcely  see  each  other  in  the  ob-  encounter  that  resentment  which  I  have 

Bcnrity,  and  yet  who  knew  eac'i  other  so  little  merited,  it  is  because  1  have  a 

BO  wen,  something  solemn,  which  would  duty  to  perfonn  to  yon  yourself.     My 

have  struck  with  something  like  awe  father,  even  thou^  you  have  abdicated 

the  most  indiffirent  spectator.  all  your  rights  over  me,  I  cannot  foiget 

Suddenly  was  heaid  a  sharp,  heart-  my  du^  to  render  to  you  an  account  of 
rending  cry — one  of  those  cries  which  my  actions  and  projects.  To-morrow  I 
no  tongue  conld  imitate.  At  the  same  am  to  abandon  the  world,  and  to  pro- 
moment  the  novice  cast  back  her  veil,  nounce  my  eternal  vows  in  the  Bene- 
and  sprang  toward  the  old  man  with  dictine  Convent  of  the  Ave  Muia,  and 
open  arms,  exclaiming :  I  come,  as  a  dutiful  dau^ter,  to  ask 

"  Father !  father  I     It  is  me !"  your  approval." 

It  was,  indeed.  Rosette ;  no  longer  the  In  spite  of  hia  efibrla  to  snppreBs  all 

landing  and  blooming  maiden,  whose  emotion,  Polivean  shuddered  and  grew 

gaiety  uul  playful  face  used  to  consti-  pale  at  this  intelligence, 

tute  the  attraction  of  Polivean's  shop.  "  She  abandons  the  world '.  she  be- 

A  year  of  Buflering  had  entirely  changed  comes  a  nun!"  he  exclaimed.     "Is  it 

the  character  of  her  beauty;  she  was  possible f 

now  thin,  melancholy,  and  pale  as  the  Madame  Defiinctis  thought  the  oppor- 

white  nun's  attire  which  enveloped  her.  tnnity  favorable  again  to  interfere,  and 

At  length,  overpowered  by  nature,  she  expatiated  on  the  severity  of  the  as- 

Poliveau  made  a  movement  to  receive  ceticism  of  the   Convent,  where   they 

the  unhappy  giri  in  his  arms ;  but  im-  lived  on  roots  and  slept  upon  the  gronnd. 

ntediately  recovering  himself,  he  shrank  She  implored  him  to  interfere  to  prevent 

back,  repulsing  her  with  a  stem  gesture,  this  sacrifice,  which  she  knew  would 

and  exclaiming  in  »  strajige  tone  of  hereafter  be  bitterly  repented  by  all. 

Toice  :  "  I  have  nothing  to  say,"  at  last  re- 

"  What  does  this  woman  want  of  me  7  plied  the  draper,  mtermpting  her,  and 

Accursed  be  whoever  has  brought  me  with  a  visible  struggle  to  mister  him- 

into  this   trap !     Approach   me    not —  self;  "  and  since  God  calls  this  young 

touch  me  not !    1  look  on  you  with  giri  to  himself,  no  one  has  a  ri^  to 

horror !"  turn  her  aside  from  that  path." 

Terrified   by  the    violence   of  this  "  I  thank  you  for  yonr  condescension, 

i^irenzy,  the  poor  giii  shrank  back  in  my  &ther ;  nevertheless  this  is  not  all, 

ber  turn,  and  sank  almost  lifeless  upon  At  the  moment  of  withdrawing  for  ever 

A  seat.  from  the  world  and  you — at  the  moment 

The  consternation  of  Gilee  and  Ma-  of  giving  myself  up  wholly  to  religion, 

dame  Defimctis  may  be  imagined.    The  I  must  call  God  to  witness  my  mno- 

latler  broke  out  into  severe  invective  cence  of  what  you  impute  to  me.     I 

against  the  obstinacy  and  hard'Jiearted-  most  once  more,  and  for  the  last  time 

sees  of  so  nnnatnial  a  fiUber.  in  your  presence,  ntter  the  cry  yon  be- 

<*  Spare  yomself  these  complaints  and  fore  refused  to  hear — I  am  not  gnilty  ! 

dieae    reproaches,"   replied   Polivean.  I  am  not  guil^  ]" 

*■  Ood  alobe  ia  In  be  the  rightfid  judge  With  one  band  on  ber  heart  and  the 

between  this  dishonored  giri  and  me.  other  raised  to  Heaven,  her  gesture,  her 

If  yon  have  hoped  that  a  year's  absence  attitude,  her  long  white  garments,  her 

would  have  eaiauated  my  Jnst  resent-  inspired  countenance,  imparted  to  Ro- 

ment,  you  are  all  misttUien.    Believe  aette,  in  the  imperfect  light,  an  appear- 

me — he  satisfied  with  the  mischief  you  ance  almost  supemUural.    Poliveau's 

have  already  done,  and  do  not  increase  conviction  seemed  at  last  a  little  ehaken 

it  by  an  ofartinate  perseveiaiice.    Carry  by  this  oveqiowering  appeal. 


I  =y  Google 


1644.]                                 Tht  Draper't  Dattghter.  801 

"  My  Godl    Can  I  hKye  been  mis-  was  on  mj  lips — I  ciUed  upon  tbee— 

taken  ?"  he  cried,  with  a  sort  of  reli'  and  then  I  wept.     These  team  my  ccin- 

mone  awe.     "  It  cui't  be  poeeible  that  science  reproved  aa  a   weakneKs,   but 

ahe  ia  innocent  '■"  yet  there  was  an  inexpresaible  charm  in 

Rosette  sank  on  her  knees.  sheddins  them.    But  how  pale  and  how 

"Oh!  von  were  mistaken,  fatherl"  feebleIbehaldthee,mypoDrehild! — thee, 

she    criea    vehemently.    "  You    were  whom  1  have  seen  bo  Iresh  and  bo  rosy  I 

mistaken.     I  swear  it !     Bat  yon  will  How  sad  and  sunken  are  thy  eyes ! — and 

never  believe  me  more — yoa  can  never  yet  how  lovely  and  touchingart  thou  still ! 

believe  me  more  1    God,  to  pnnish  me  — lovelier  perhaps  than  ever  '■      Poor 

-fer  the  pride  and  Trivolity  of  other  days,  child,  the  burthen  of  ourmtsTortuneshaB 

liaa  sent  this  bLindoess  upon  you  in  re-  weighed  heavy  then  on  thee  too '." 

gard  to  yoor  unhappv  daughter.     Weil,  "  Oh  yes,  yes,  veiy  heavy,  my  good 

tnen,  my  father,  I  will  speak  no  more  of  and  kind  tkuier  1    But  now  I  (brget 

my  innocence — I  will  no  more  appeal  every  past  grief,  and  I  am  happy !     I 

for  justice,  since  that  word  excites  your  would  have  gladly  purchased  with  my 

anger.     I  will  cease  to  ask  for  anything  life,  the  moment  when  I  saw  you  open 

but  pardon  and  pity.     For  your  own  your  arms.     I  have  nothing  left  now  to 

peace,  father — for  mine — let  me  not  die  wish  for  on  the  earth,  but  Uiat  God  may 

an  object  of  yoar  enmity !     To-morrow  restore  happiness  to  you,  sa  you  have 

I  shall  have  quitted  the  woiid,  and  shall  restored  it  to  me." 

have  bid  you  an  eternal  adieu — let  me  "  Come,  come,  now,"  interrupted  the 

not  take  my  place    among  the  holy  good  Haitame  Defunctis,  with  a  resolute 

maideus  who  are  henceforth  to  be  my  air,  and  at  the  same  Ume'wiping  her 

companions,  loaded  with  the  burthen  of  eyes,  "  this  all  goes  famously ;  you  have 

four  curse  1   Recall  it,  father — recall  it,  now  both  of  you  got  back  your  senses,  ' 

impliH« !     And  if  God  has  refused  me  and  I  hope  we  shall  hear  no  more  about 

the  happiness  of  convincing  you  of  my  convents,  or  vows,  or  eternal  seclusion. 

innocence,  tell  me  at  least,  oh,  tell  me !  What  would  be  the  use  of  a  reconcilia- 

guilty  or  not,  that  you  love  me  still !"  tion,  if  itwasonlytopartagainforever?" 

This  time  the  stoic  firmness  of  the  "I  will  obey  my  fether's  commands, 

old  man  was  fairly  overcome.     He  at-  whatever  they  may  be,"  said  Rosette, 

tempted  to  harden  nimself  still  against  casting  down  ner  eyes. 

a  sentiment  which  was  stronger  than  The  old  man's  countenance  assumed 

himself ;  but  the  tears  gushed  from  his  a  grave  and  thoughtful  expression.     "  I 

eyes— he  c^ned  his  arms  without  nt-  wish  nothing  to  be  changed,"  he  said, 

tering  a  ^ird,  and  Rosette  sprang  to  with  an  austere  tone,  "  in  this  child's 

bia  bosom.  jdans.    She  has  rewilved  to  give  het^ 

The  &ther  and  dau|^iter  remained  self  to  God.    I  do  not  know  exactly 

laag  clasped  in  this  embrace,  and  no-  what  secret  sentiments  may  have  in- 

thing  was  heard  bnt  the  sound  of  their  clined  her  to  this  conrse ;  but  it  were 

bnAeo  soba.     Suddenly,  FoliTeau  ex-  sinful  to  oppose  it,  or  to  divert  her  from 

claimed  with  rapture :  it.    Let  Mr  obey  the  vocation  which 


beloved  Rosette !     It  is  so  long  since  I        "  But  you  are  all  wrtmg !"  again  i»- 

have  looked  upon  my  child '."  terrupted  the  worthy  dame  impatiendy. 

Ponselot,  himself  shedding  tears  of    "  She  has  no  such  vocation.     It   was 


"  A  light !  for  mercy's  sake  a  light !  proceeds  from  a  higher  source  than  one 

is  so  Ions 
child !" 
shedding 
for  reeonr 

ined  to  obey  the  demand  of  his  anger  that  drove  her  to  it    Wow  that 

master,  and  in  a  &w  moments  returned  this  is  removed,  her  thoughts  cannot 

with  a  lamp,  which  he  placed  on  the  continue   the    ss —     — •"   ■'  -■—  — 

table.  nonnces  a  rash  v 

"And  c«n  it  be  true,"  said  Rosette,  lancholy  and  remorse.     Yes,  it  will  be 

with  an  overflowing  gush  of  tenderness,  the  death  of  her ! — and  let  me  tell  you, 

etill  banging  on  the  old  man's  neck,  "is  for  it  must  oat,"  she  proceeded,  disre- 

it  posMl^  that  Tov  love  me  still  1"  garding  Rosette's  attempts  to  stop  her, 

"  i>o  I  love  tnee  I  (di  God,  have  I  not  "that  I  more  than  suspect  that  she 

always  loved  tbee,  even  when  my  anger  loves  some  one  by  whom  she  is  loved 

was  at  its  worst  ]     I  would  never  toor  in  return — and " 

Stvt  it,  but  throngh  the  night  thy  name       Polivean  knit  bis  bnnra,  with  k  dut 


=1  Google 


803  Tht  Draper'*  Laughter.  [Sept 

eniDg   countenance.    "  Madame,"    he  But  before  Giles  cenld  eprin^  to  ob^ 
Biud,  with  an  abrupt  interruption,  "  the  the  order,  the  door  auddeat;  openM, 
moment  is  not  well  choaen,  to  epeak  to  and  Villenegre  entered. 
me  of  such  sentiments — ami  it  is  scarce-  "  Ah,  what  have  you  d<met"  mar- 
ly   prudent    to    awaken     recallectlona  mured  Rosette  to  her  eompaoion,  bold- 

ivhich which  I  would  glmlly  stifle,  ing  her  face  in  her  band*.     "All  is 

However,"  he  continued^  "  if  Rosette  lost !  " 

has  nurtured  in  her  heart,  any  secret  Villeuegrewaapaleand  out  ofbreath; 

hope  preventing  her  devoUng  herself  to  his  dress  waa  disordered,  and  oothing 

God,  she  ia  free.     Rut in  his  countenance  recalled  the  frivoloua 

"  No  more,  tu>  more,  my  &ther '."  ex-  yonth  depleted   in   (he  former  part  of 

claimed    Rosette    vehemently.      "  No  this  narratiTe.     A  lore   aetiuns  and 

more  words  of  doubt  and  displeasure !  deep,  combined  with  an  earnest  desiie 

The  zeal  and  aSection  of  my  generous  to  atone  for  his  former  follies,  bod  pre- 

friend  liave  carried  her  loo  tar ;  no  hu-  cociously    matured    his     reason,    and 

man  sentiment  is  any  longer  capable  of  stamped  on  his  featares  a  character  of 

diverting  me  from  the   project  which  manhood  they  had  not  poesessed  b»- 

you  approve.      My  resolution  is  iire-  fore. 

vocable."  "  In  good  time,  Monsieur  the  Mai- 

The  draper  smiled  a^o  upon  hie  qnis!"  said  Madame  Defunclis.  "Yon 

daughter,  as  he    heard  her   utter   the  have  come  to  plead  yoni  own  cause, 

woius  of  an  immediate  and  eternal  ee-  Speak  and  speak  quick,  for  you  are 

paration.     A  secret  doubt  still  stifled  all  rather  late." 

thought  of  weakness  in  his  heart ;  and  "  A  son  may  be  pardoned,"  said  the 

such  was  the  power  of  cooecieDce  on  young  man  with  a  melancholy  gravity, 

this  inl^exible  old  man,  that  to  this  douto  "for  having  hesitated  to  leave  the  pil- 

he  gacriticed  his  tenderest  a&ctiona.  low  of  a  dying  father.    Nor  cot^  any- 

"  Well,  then,"  said  the  vexed  dame,  thing  but  the  nune  of  a  wife,  dear  to 

rismg  impatiently,  "  only  one  other  hope  me  by  so  many  rigbts,  have  withdrawn 

is  left — and  I  am  glad  now,  that  I  ven-  me  for  a  moment  from  k>  aaored  a 

turedtosend  for  the  only  person  who  duty." 

may,  perhaps,  prevent  the  consumma-  "  What  do  you  say  1    Is  your  father, 

tion  of  this  madness.    But  it  is  becom-  the  Duke,  so  itll  " 

IDE  late,  and  be  is  not  here !"  "  Since  this  morning  he  has  falleo 

HOBctte  began  to  tremble,  and  the  into   a   state  of   irritation   and    fever 
tfareaiening  the  most  serious  danger ; 

WliD  is  it  you  expect  here  1 "  "  Heaven* !  "    exclaimed    Madams 

"  It  is  a  person  who  has  succeeded  Defunctis — "  To-moriow  perhaps  yoa 

in  interesting  me  in  his  aflliclion  and  may  be  free  and  master  of  your  own 

his    remorse — a   person    wliose  noble  actions,    and    to-moriow,   unless   yon 

character  and    generous   inlentions   I  can  And  the  means  of  overcoraiDg  the 

know  full  well.    He  ought  to  have  been  obstinacy  of  this  infalaated  old  man  an<l 

here  before  this !  I  wrote  him  a  note  to  of  his  daughter.  Rosette  will  be  buried 

inform  him  that  we  were  to  be  here  for  ever  beyond  your  reach  is  a  ciois- 

this  evening — but  I  did  nut  tell  him  of  ter !     To-morrow   morning   she  is   to 

Rosette's  Skidden  and  fatal  resolution,  pronounce   her  vows  in  the  Convent  of 

■  Oh  heavens!  if  he   should  not  come!  the  Ave  Maria." 

He  alone,  perhaps "  Villenegre   appeared    struck  to  the 

At  this  moment  a  sound  of  hurrying  ground  b;  this  unexpected  blow.  "To- 

steps  was  heard  on  (he  stair-case.  morrow  1  "   he  exclaimed — "  Oh,  no  I 

"  Ah,  here  he  is  at  last ! "  exclaimed  that  cannot  be !  " 
the  good  dame.  "  And  why  not,  Monsieur  % "  inter- 
"  Who  T — Whom  do  you  mean  !  "  posed   Poliveau   impetuously.    "  What 
■'  The  Marquis  de  Villenegre."  matters  it  to  the  Marquis  de  Villenegre 
"  I  will  not  see  him  \ ''  cried  Poliveau  if  (he  poac  girl  be  has  rained  in  the 
violently.     "  What  business   has  that  eyes  of  Ihe  world,  in  the  eyea  of  her 
unworthy  gentleman  here  1    Does  he  own  father  perhaps,  should  seek  in  re- 
wish  again  to  disturb  the  reconciliation  ligion  a  refuge   from  the  afflictions  of 
of  a  father  with  bis  child  1     Giles,  do  whii^h  be  is  the  author  1    Let  him  leave 
not  let  him  enter — I  will  not  see  him!  "  hia  viciinw  in  peace,  and  come  not  to 


lizcdbyGooi^le 


The  Draper'i  Daughler 


tM  to  pau  together  in  this  world.    Let         "  I  ask  you,"  repeated  (he  old  t. 

him  befiuns  as  he  cams  !  "  "  if  yoa  would  be  willing  to  renoL 

But  the  joung  genllemnn  remaiaed  the  convent  and  wed  the  man  to  whom 

motionleM,  and  returned  the  inoensed  are  dae  all  your  own  and  jour  father's 

draper's  look  with  a  dignity  which  was  afflictions  1" 
aot  without  some  effect  on  him.  Rosette  replied  in  a  low  and  timid 

"  I  have  already  oCtea  repeated  to  voice  :  "  I  have  bitterly  repented,  dear 
you,  sir,"  he  said,  withearnest  warmth,  father,  having  ever  deviated  from  your 
"  that  your  aecusatinns,  aa  against  your  will.  You  are  the  master  of  mj  desti- 
daughter,  are  utterly  unjust,  and  I  will  ny,  and  I  will  yield  a  blind  obedience 
never  ceaM  to  render  the  tribute  of  my  to  whatever  may  be  your  commands." 
homage  to  the  truth.  Your  rights  "  That  is  very  well — but  suppose  I 
over  her  are  great,  but  they  are  not  were  to  leave  you  a  free  option  between 
without  limits.  By  one  act  of  rashness,  the  religious  life  and  the  Marquis  de 
which  I  deplore  with  my  whole  soul,  I  Villenegre,  which  would  you  choose." 
have  disturbed  her  peace,  lacerated  her  This  was  referring  the  matter  entirely 
heart,  darkened  her  fair  fame,  and  to  the  young  maiden's  own  decision, 
brought  disgrace  and  disaster  on  an  and  all  eyes  were  turned  upon  her. 
honorable  house  ;  you  csnnot  refuse  Rosette  was  silent  for  a  few  moments, 
me  the  right  of  atoning  to  my  own  She  was  evidently  s  prey  to  some 
conscience  and  my  own  honor,  by  rea-  poignant  mental  torture,  and  it  seemed 
dering  to  Mademoiselle  the  reparation  as  though  the  words  she  would  utter 
which  is  her  due,  and  of  adding  a  new  could  not  rise  to  her  lips.  At  length 
lustre  to  the  respectable  family  which  she  slowly  raised  her  head,  and  an- 
has  suffered  so  deeply  through  my  fault  swered,  with  a  faint  and  touching  voice: 
— of  effacing  by  my  cares,  my  devotion  "Father,  I  find  nothing  in  what  I 
and  my  affection,  the  remembrance  of  have  heard  which  ought  to  change  the 
the  past  year  of  wretchedness.  If,  there-  determination  which  1  had  formed  by 
fore,  this  fatal  determination  is  true,  I  myself  and  in  solitude  matured.  1  thank 
conjure  you  in  the  name  of  all  that  is  MonsieurdeVillenegrefor  hishanorable 
most  sacred,  not  to  carry  it  into  effect,  intentions.  It  was  worthy  of  a  gentle- 
Wait  at  least  till  the  impossibilities  are  man  and  a  man  of  honor  to  desire  to  re- 
smoothed  away  which  now  oppose  my  pair  by  marriage  a  wrong  he  had  Inflict- 
deaieat  wishes  —  and  perhaps,"  he  ed  on  an  obscure  young  msiden  whose 
eontiousd  with  a  faltering  voice,  "  the  innocence  no  one  knew  so  well  as  he ; 
delay  I  ask  may  be  but  very  brief."  but  she,  on  her  side,  has  the  right  to  de- 

Tbis  serious  aad  noble  language  ap-  dine  to  accept  what  in  his  eyes  can 
peared  to  make  some  impreasion  even  only  be  a  aacrifice.  The  daughter  of 
on  Foliveau.  "  Can  this  talk  of  mar-  the  bourgeois  Poliveau,  of  the  bankrupt 
liage  be  in  earnest  < "  he  said,  fixing  tradesman  who  has  sought  a  refuge  in 
on  Henri  a  searching  look.  "  Has  the  the  enclosure  of  the  Temple,  she  who 
Mariiuis  de  Villenegre  really  conceived  in  other  days  was  called  '  the  fair  dra- 
the  thought  of  giving  his  name,  his  per's  daughter,'  and  whom  all  the  no- 
rank  and  his  fortune  to  the  daughter  of  bilily  have  seen  engaged  in  vulgar 
a  bankrupt  tradesman,   and  of  one  day  labors  behind  the  counter  of  a  shop — 

E lacing  the  coronet  of  a  duchess  on  cannot  liecome  the   Marquise  de  Ville- 

er  plebeian   brow  1     1   had  supposed  negre.     She  appreciaies  her  own  posi> 

that  such  stories  were  only  to  be  found  lian,  snd  easily  understands  the  resiaE- 

ia  the  romances  of  past  times ;  and  that  anco  of  the  Duke  de  Villenegre ;  for  such 

if  a  vonng  gallant  of  our  day  put  for-  a  union  wonld  be  a  degradation  to  his 

ward  such  suggestions,  it  was  only  to  son. — No,  Monsieur  the  Marquis,"  she 

dupe  a  poor  family  and  deceive  a  mai-  cpntinued,   rising  in  animation  as  she 

den  who  might  chance  to  be  too  vain  spoke,     "  I    will    not  take   advantage 

and    too    ambitious. — And    you,   mj  of  a  perhaps  exaggerated  impulse   of 

daughter,"  he  proceeded,  after  a  ihon  generosity,  a  perhaps  iuconsiderate  at- 

pause,  "what  do  you  think  of  Moosieni  tacfament,  on  the  part  of  one  siill  very 

de  Vjllenegie's  proposal  1  "  yoang  and  inexperienced.    And  besides,    .^ 

The  iair  notice  msde  no  leplj,  but  Ism  too  proud  to  enter,  against  their^  lOOOIc 


Mi                                     Th»  Dr<^>er'*  Daughter.  «                   [Sept. 

oppoaition,  into  a  fimily  which  would  only  remedj  poasibte  for  the  STilt  joa 

blush  for  me.     Modest  aa  may  be  the  bare  caused.    This  declacation  from  me 

station  of  ray  birth,  it  la  etill  tuo  high  ought  to  satisfy.  I  presume,  all  that  is 

to  suffer  me  to   accept  humiliation  in  both  required  by  your  conscience  and 

a  eaperior  one.     And  finally,  if  I  must  your   honor.     And  now,  Monsienr  do 

■peak  out  the  whole,  my  mind  rerolts  Villene^e,  permit  me  to  remind  you 

at  the  thought  of  waiting  for  the  death  that  every  moment  that  passes  away,  aa 

of  one  dear  to  you,  to  be  the  sigaal  of  vou  have  yourself  acknowledged,  may 

the  possihiliiy  of  the  reparation  yon  be  your  father's  last." 

speak  of."  The  Marquis  shuddered  at  being  thns 

The  Marquis,  with  a  cestore  of  des-  reminded,  bat  he  was  too  fully  absorbed 

pait,  murmured  :  "  Oh  God '.  she  does  in  the  grief  of  Rosette's  fata)  andunex- 

not  lore  me  I"  peeled  resolution  to  yield  even  to  such 

Madame  Defunctis  seemed  stupiGed.  an   appeal.     He  exhausted  himself  ia 

Poliveau,  on  the  other  hand,  exulted  in  ineffectual  entreaties  that  the  cmel  de- 

tbe  proud  dignity  of  this  teply.    He  cision  might  be  recalled,  or  at  least 

ran  to  his  daughter,  and  embraced  har  suspendea  for  a  time ;  and  in  Madaroo 

rapturously,  crying :  Detuoetis    he    found    a  zealous  ally. 

"Well  done!  well  done,  Rosette  1  But  allwasin  thId.  Rosette  remained 
And  now  am  I  sure  that  she  who  could  for  the  most  part  silent,  weeping  beneath 
Bonohly  and  wisely  reject  the  honorable  her  veil.  The  poiofal  scene  was 
proposals  of  a  rich  and  brilliant  gentle-  ptotracted  till  her  father  insisted  on  re- 
man, could  never  haTS  encounged  the  lieving  her  from  an  importunity  which 
base  attempts  of  a  seducer.  It  ia  no  was  only  agonising,  and  by  repeatedly 
longer  for  thee  to  sue  for  my  pardon — it  urging  on  the  young  man,  with  increas- 
is  for  me  to  implore  thine — I  who  have  ing  asperity,  the  duty  of  momently  r»> 
cursed  and  insulted  thee — T  who  have  turning  to  the  death-bed  of  bii  father, 
driven  thee  forth  and  delivered  thee  to  he  at  last  almost  forced  him  to  take  his 


the  mercy  of  strangers !     Forgive  roe,    depart) 
my  child!  andinthe  convent  where  thou        ■'  It 


It  is  enough,"  said  the  latter,  in  a 

art  about  to  enter,  thou  wilt  bear  with  gloomy  lone,  and  preparing  to  depart, 

thee  for  ever  the  tenderness  sod  the  re-  "  I  leave  this  house  from  which  I  am 

grets  of  thy  poor  father."  repulsed    and   expelled.      But   I   will 

Rosette,  as  if  exhausted  by  the  effort  know  whether  the  will  of  this  young 

she  had  just  made,  had  sunk  back  in  a  maiden  is  free,  when  she  declares  in 

state  of  scarce  conscious  dejection.  my  presence  that  she  desires  to  em- 

"  Monsieur   the  Marquis,"  resumed  brace  the  religious  life.     If  I  find  her 

Poliveau,  "  you  have  heard  my  daugh-  sentiments  to  correspond  with  my  own, 

ter's  decision — I  have  nothing  to  add  even  though  my  father  may  I<ad  me 

to  it.      I  render  justice,  in   my  turn,  with  maledictions,   I   swear  that  she 

to  the  generosity  of  the  sentiment  under  shall  be  my  wife." 

which  you  act,  and  I  acknowledge  that  And  as  he  spoke  he  departed  with  a 

you  have  not  hesitated  to  propose  the  proud  salutation  and  rapid  steps. 


ArriB  leaving  the  bouse  of  Poliveau,  his  steps  rapidly  toward   the' gateway 

the  young  man  became  entangled  in  the  when  his  attention  was  attracted  by  the 

inextricsile  labyrinth  of  lanes  and  paths  sound  of  some  person  approaching  him, 

which  surrounded  ihe  houses  and  gar-  a  few  paces  off,  in  the  darkness, 

dens  of  the  Temple  enclosure.     Igno-  The  stranger  Etdvanced  slowly,  with 

taut  of  the  localities  and  excited  by  the  an  irregular  and  staggering  step.     His 

scene  through  which  be  had  passed,  he  voice  it  was  that  arrested  the  ear  of  . 

entirely  lost  his  way,  and  continued  a  Villen^gre,  as  he  was  talking  aloud  to 

considerable  lime  before  he  was  able  in  himself  like  a  drunken  man. 

the  darkness — for  the  light  of  the  moon  "  Palsamhlea  V  he  said  impatiently, 

just  rising  in  the  horizon  was  lost  in  and  Vil lane gre  immsdiately  recooniied 

the  shadows  of  Ihs  trees — to  make  his  the  peculiar  voice  and  affected  inlonB- 

way  to  the  great  tower  of  the  Temple,  tion  which  marked  the  Count  da  Mania, 

by  which  was  the  entrance  to  the  en-  "  Shalt  I  never  £nd  this  cursed  tower 

oloenre.    He  was  just  about  to  direct  of  the  Temple  which  was  the  place  of 


gle 


1844.]                                 The  Draptr^t  Daughter.       -  966 

lendeiTODB  1    The  old  SiUn  haa  eer-  bring  her  to  hei  Bentea.     Come  dong, 

tiinly  carried  it  off  while  1  was  winpinK  Help  me  a  little  to  get  up,  comrade.    I 

thoaescoundrelB' paltry  piatolea!  Where  believe  I  drank  a  glaaa  or  two  too  mDch 

the  deril  haa  this  raacallj  tower  of  the  of  claret  )viih  those  carsed  bourgeois. 

Temple  gone  to  hide  itaelf  1     Ah,  here  Give  toe  joor  hand." 

we  are,"  he  preaenily  proceeded,  «•  be  Bat  aaVillenegremadenotnOTement 

Btnmbled  upon  the  object  of  hia  search,  to  hia  aMistance,  "  Well,  cavalier,"  he 

and  felt  with  hia  handa  along  (he  mas-  resumed,  "  Maugreblen !  if  you   waot 

aiie  ruins  ofthemasoory.    "All  right;  me  to  go  with  foa,  you  most  lend  me 

I   am   here   firat  at   tlie   rendezvous,  a  hand,  for  the  devil  ealch  me  if  I  stir 

Faith,  this  grasi  seems  smooth  and  aoft,  a  ste^  wiihoat  it!    They  will  carry 

and  I  will  rest  awhile."     Aod  he  aat,  the  girl  oS  without  na,  and   give  the 

or   rather   felt   heavily   down    on    the  pistoles   to  somebody  else,  that's  all. 

graaa.     The  marqnia  panaed  a  few  mo-  Aa  for  me,  I  mean  to  take  a  little  nap 

ments,  andpresenilywuintenttyengag-  while  you  are  making  op  yonr  mind, 

edin  liatening  to  the  broken  phraeestbat  Moo   Dien!   bow  comfortable  it  is  to 

teached  hia  ear  throagh  the  darkness,  sleep  !" 

"  Yea,  yea — that  little  poppy  Villene-  And  to  prove  his  assertion  De  Manle 

gre  will  be  in  a  pretty  fret,  when  he  gave  a  tremendooa  j^wn,  stretched  out 

comes  to  know  ill    Isn't  this  a  master-  bis  ann,  and  was  in   a   moment  bat 

Stroke !  to  receive  five  hundred  pistoles  aaleep. 

firom  the  old  dnke  for  carrying  off  the  In  a  few  minntea,  notwithstanding  the 

pretty  draper's  daughter  from  that  poor  darkness  of  the  night,  the  marqais  had 

young   fool,  the   marquia!     Ah!    ah!  bounded  over  the  distance  between  the 

what  a  capital  story  it  will  make !"  tower  and  Polivean'a  abode.    The  quar- 

Unable  to  restrain  himself,  Villenft-  ter  waa  si\  silent  and  deserted.    A  iin- 

gre,  with   a   rapid  jJerception   of  the  gle  light  alone  gleamed  in  the  chambei 

meaning  of  what  he  heard,  sprang  to-  occupied  by  the  worthy  draper,     Vil- 

ward  the  drunken  ruffian.    De  Manle,  lenegrs  ruahed  in.     luiaette  and  Ma- 

at  the  sound,  made  an  ineSeciny  effort  dame  Defonctis  had  gone,  a  few  min- 

lo  raise  hirasetf  otes  before,  to  return  to  the  convent  in 

"  This  must   be  my  man.     Hallo,  ihe   hired   coach  in   which   they   had 

comrade,  are  you  the  one  that  was  to  come,  and  which  had  waited  for  (hem 

meet  me  here  from  Captain  CorbineanV  at  the  door.     A  few  words  to  explain 

Quick  as  lightning  Villenegre  took  what  he  bad  discovered,  cast  eonster- 

the  hint  of  the  opportunity.    "  Yes,  it's  nation  into  his  astonished  hearers.    But 

I,"  he  answered,  disgnieing  his  voice.  Vilten^gre  was  quick  io  decision  uid 

"  Signer  Cavalier,"  replied  the  dmnk-  action, 

sn  man,  atili   endeavoring  to  get  up,  "  I  have  hot   uncertain   suspieiotiB, 

"  I  am  at  yonr  service.  Yon  are  punc-  but  there  is  not  a  minute  to  lose.     Do 

tual — you  were  to  be  here  at  ten,  and  you,  Mr.  Apprentice,  run  to  the  hooae 

ten  is  jnst  going  to  strike  ;  at  the  foot  of  the  lieaCenant  of  police,  Defunctis. 

of  the  tower—here  we  are.     Ah !  bnt  Tell  him  to  take  all  the  aoldiers  he  cao 

wait  a  moment — what'a  the  pass  1    I  eolleet,  and  beat  about  all  the  environs 

must  say  to  you,  you  know,  '  To  the  of  the  Temple.     Or  rather,"  he  contin- 

devil  viith  the  Nuru ."  and  yon  V  "  ued  after  a  moment  of  reflection,  "  let 

"To  the  devil  with  the  Nona!"  re-  him  proceed  to  the  Val-des-Ecoliera. 

peated  Villenegre  mechanically.  There  mast  be  some  meaning  in  that 

"Ah,  what  a  simpleton  1  am  !"  cried  name.    Doyoo,MonBierPoHveau,  pray 

De  Manle,  bursting  into  a  laugh.     "  It  to  God  while  we  go  in  pursuit  of  your 

ie  you  who  are  to  say  to  me  '  To  the  unhappy  daughter." 

devil  toilh  the  Nuns ."  and  I  must  ao-  And   instantly   disappearing   in   the 

swer  you, — wait  a  moment — what  is  it  darkness,   he   was   b^rd   rapidly   de- 

I  must  answer  yon  1 — Ah,  yeet   that's  ecending  the  steps  of  the  stair-case. 

it — I  must  answer  yoo,  '  Vive  (he  Vat-  At  the  moment  he  reached  the  foot,  the 

dei-EeoHen  P      All    right,    comrade,  tower   clock  struck   ten.     "  Oh,  Mon 

Come  along.   Lead  me  to  where  Corbi-  Dien  !"  he  murmared,  "  it  will  be  too 

ueau   is  waiting  for  me  with  my  pretty  late  '." 

bride — my  charming  Rosette.     Has  he  And  with  his  utmost  speed  be  direct- 

earried  her  off  yet  T     I   suppose   ahe  ed  his  steps  toward  the  spot  where  kf 

jaade  &  little  fbss  about  it,  but  I'll  hwh  bad  left  De  Manle  asleep. 


Google 


S96                             .        Th*  Drtptt'*  Dm^her.  [Sept. 

Tl. — TBB  TA  VDBS-BOOLIIU. 

We  irill   draw   %  reil  otbi  the   ago-  '   Her  heart   sank   wilhia    bet    with 

nizing    adieu  of  ihe  falter  and  the  alarm  as  ehe  spoke,  and  ss  a  tbousand 

daughter.     She  had  gone,  and  the  old  recoilectiona  Sashed   on  her  mind,  of 

man  was  lefl  now  almost  staaned  by  evil  leporte  as  to  the  character  of  the 

this  new  farm  Ahich  his  afflictions  had  Abbe  and  the  mooke  of  the  monastery 

assumed.     Giles  Ponselot  was  lefl  he-  of  St.  CathBrine  of  the   Yat-deB-Eco- 

hindwith  them.     Althedooi  the  ladies  liers  (shortlj  after  the  period  of  this 

had  put  OQ  their  masks,   and  wilbont  narrative   they  were  reformed  b;  the 

auffering  hira  to  quit  the  old  man  to  ac-  Cardinal  de  Larochefeucauld). 

ooDjpany  them  to  the  coach  which  was  "  Silenee !  "  iuterropted  (he  hoarse 

stationed  only  a  few  steps  off,  had  pro-  Toicsofthe  pretended  coachman  who 

oeeded  to  it  ^one,  aa  they  had  come,  had  asaieted  them  to  disuoant,  and  who 

A  hoarse  *oiee — of  couisB,  that  of  a  was  no  other  than  our  former  acquaint-. 

soachman  who  had  brought  them — bad  ance.  Captain  Corbinean.     "  No  harm 

them  enter,  ae  the  heavy  stepa  were  is  meant  to  you  ;    only,  if  you  otter  a 

rapidly  let  down.    Id  th«  daikneas  and  single  cry  to  laiae  an  sjann,  or  if  yon 

their  own  agitatioD,  they  took  no  notice  do  not  do  what  is  required  of  you,  yoa 

ef  the  peraoD  who  handed  them  in,  nor  are  dead  oo  the  instant." 

of  two  mysterious  persons  with  slouch-  And  be  flashed  before  the  eyes  of  th© 

«d  hats  OS  the  coachmaD'a  seat,  and  terror- stricken  women  the  blade  of  ft 

two    more  at  some  dialance  behind,  poniard. 

dieeaed  like  lackeys,   who   enveloped  "  But  where  are  you  taking  as  1"  io- 

themselres  carefully  in  their  cloake.  qoired  the  worthy  aame  Defunctis,  in  a 

A  loud  crack  of  the  whip  was  heard —  voice  soaioely  articulate  from  fright, 

the  horses  dashed  off  at  a  rapid  rate  with  "  Yea  will  see." 

the  heavy  lumbering  vehicle — the  en-        "  But " 

trance  gate  of  the  enclosure  was  soon  "  Silence,  1  say !" — Before  she  could 

passed,  and  the  coaoh  plunged  into  the  make  any  further  objection  two  vigor-                       ^ 

narrow  unpaved  streets  of  the  old  and  oua  hands  seiied  hold  of  her.     As  sh« 

gloomy   quarters   on   the  east  aide  of  frit  their  hrutai  pressure  the  poor  wo- 

I^is.  man    uttered    a  scream  that    echoed 

Neither  of  the  ladies  remarked  that  piercingly  in  the  silence  of  the  night. 
it  did  not  seom  to  take  exactly  the  route  Corbineau  raised  his  dsgfcer  to  her  to 
toward  the  Convent  of  the  Ave  Maria,  force  her  to  be  ailent.  Rosette  par- 
Rosette  waa  sunk  into  one  corner,  liaily  atreiehed  out  her  arms  to  shield 
where,  with  her  face  buried  in  her  her  friend,  whose  life  shf.  believed  in 
danger;  but  her  streiigih  failed  her,  and 
she  sank  TaiDting  to  the  ground, 
panioo  oould  not  refrain  from  following  In  this  slats  she  was  caught  up  by 
her  example  from  very  sympathy  as  one  of  the  villains  in  his  ariBS,  while 
well  aa  from  her  own  sincere  distress,  two    others  dragged  her    companion 

They  were  little  conscious  of  the  along,  Th^  gave  a  slight  kni>ck  at  ^. 
time  whioh  Uius  passed.  They  felt  a  side  door  of  the  church,  which  was 
themselves  at  last  interrupted  by  the  immediately  opened,  and  after  giving 
sudden  stopping  of  the  coach.  Heco-  admission  to  the  whole  party,  closed 
vering  themselves,  the^  were  quickly  again  with  a  dull  sound  wtucb  re- 
handed  out.  On  alighting,  and  glanc-  echoed  through  the  spacious  recesses 
ing  up  at  the  massive  Gothic  edifice  of  the  dark  edifice, 
before  which  they  had  stood,  Rosette  The  interior  of  the  church  had  at 
•xclaimed  id  a  tone  of  alarm:  that  hour  of  the  night  an  imposing  and 

"  This  ia  not  the  Convent  of  the  Ave  majestic  aspect,    which    should  have                       j 

Maria!    It  ia  the  chorch  of  St.  Catha-  struck   awe   into   the   (tuUly   hand  by 

line  of  the  Val-des-Ecoliers,  where  I  which  it  was  profaned.     The  vagos                       j 

have   often   attended  maas   when    we  light  of  the  moon,  penetrating  througtt 

lived  in  tba  Rue  de  la  Tixeranderie  the  oolored  glass  ot  the  windows,  setv-                         | 

near  by.     I  know  it  by  the  statue  of  ed  only  to  niake  the  darkness  visible.                           | 

mod    St.    Looia   over   the    entrance.  As  the  eye,  however,   became  accua- 

Why  an  we  brought  here!     Take  na  tomed  to  the  obacurity,  it  could  dislii^ 

to  the  CiMiveirt  of  the  Ave  Maria."  guiah  the  high-apringing  arches,  ^''•f'~',-..^,-v[(i. 


1H4.]  TIU  Draper'*  Daughter.  997 

bold  and  slender  OolnmilB  whiah  lap-  Good  oara  BhslI  be  Uken  of  yoa,  And 

ported  the  Gothic  roof.     On  the  *idea  joa  shall  have  a  fine,  gallant  husbaiid 

of  the  church,  here  and  there  could  be  in  the  Count  de  Manle." 
perceiTed  rising  up  thiougb  the  thick        Beroie  anj  expression  could  be  given 

masses  of  shade  like  inenaaing  spec-  to  Rosette's  bewildered   horror,  two 

trCB,  the  marble  statues  that  decorated  strokes  sounded   lightly  on  the  same 

the  tombs.     The  light  of  a  single  lamp  side  door  bj  wbioh  the;  had  entered, 
twinkled  at  the  furthest  depth  of  the        "  Here  ihey  are  at  lost,"  said  Cor- 

wnctuarjiand  from  the  other  eiuemity  hineau,  as  he  gave  admission  to  two 

of  the  nave  it  might  have  been  deemed  men  wrapped  in  their  cloaks.    One  of 

a  star.     A  cold  and  damp  atmosphere,  them  waiked  with  a  staggering  gait, 

still  impregnated  with  the  last  odor  of  and  leaned  on  his  comrade  for  support, 

the  incense  burned  during  the  daj,  cir-  He  could  he  heard  in  the  daikoeas  to 

oojaled  heavilj  round  the  party,  causing  stumble  at  almost  every  step, 
an  involuntary  shiver.  In  tbatimmease       "  Sans-Dieu  1  comrade,"    said  Coi- 

and  resounding  structure  every   step,  bine&u  to  the  man  who  served  as  guide, 

IiDwevet    light,    awakened   an   echo;  "hut  you  are  late!  I  began  to  fear  you 

ever;  word  faintly  munuured  prolong-  had  not  met  the  man." 
ed  itself  through  itsdepihs  likeamoan.        "It  is  not  my  l&ult,  captain,"  said 

"  Is   Monsieur   the    Abbe  ready  1  "  the  other  surlily  ;  "  this  cavalier  came 

asked  the  person  who  was  bearing  the  dead-drunk  to  the  rendeivous,  and  he 

burden  of  Rosette's  unoonacious  form  had  all  the  trouble  in  the  world  to  give 

(and  who  was  no  other  than  the  oonfi-  me  the  pas*.     1   have  atmoet  had  to 

deatial  valet  of  the  Duke  deVillenegie),  carry  him  here." 

of  the  individual  who  had  given  them        "It  is  a  calnrony,"  intermpted  Do 

admission,  and    whose   features  could  Manle,  in  an  altered  voice,  "  aiul  tiiia 

~«  distinguished  in  the  dark.  fellow  lies  like  a  TOgue.     I  have  full 

"       '         '      ' ■      ■    ..  -  ^^^  ^^^  J  „,[]( 

i.r.    I'..  ODly 

.    .  _ „.  ..    ._    iypooras  with  the 

"  and  h£  will  ascend  the  altar  bourgeois,  that's  all.    But  come,  where 

as  soon  as  it  is  the  pleasure  of  Monsieur  is  this  pearl  beyond  price — this  charm- 

the  Duke."  ing  bride,  my  pretty  Rosette,  where  is 

■'  Enough.     Tell  bim  to  prepare  the  she  V 
oeriilicate,  leaving  the  names  in  blank.         "  There  she  is,"  answered  the  cap- 

I   rather    think   the   bridegroom    will  tain,  "  come,  my  fine  cavalier,  go  and 

not  care  to  have  his  real  name  known,  make  your  conrt  to  overcome  the  last 

and  he    can   fill  it   in   himself    when  saruples,  while  the  priest  is  informed 

all   is  over.     Are    you   very  sure  he  of  your  arrival.     You  will  need  all  your 

will  be  here.  Captain ! "  gallantry,  for  I  warn  you  the  little  besn- 

"  No  doubt  of  that.     Where  pistoles  ty  is  as  fierce  as  a  tigress." 
or  pretty  girls  are  to  he  got  so  cheap,        "  We  'II  see  !"  said  De  Manle,  with 

he  will  not  be  wanting,  I  will  answer  his  usual  air  of  conceit;  "these  tigress- 

for  it.     i  have  sent  one  of  my  fellows  es  are  easy  to  tame." 
to   meet  him   and  conduct  bim  bete.         He  staggered  towards  Rosette,  and 

Curse  me  if  I  know  what  keeps  them  began  to  speak  to  her  in  a  low  tone,  till 

•Q  long  already  !    I  hope  the  drunken  presently  it  was  apparent  from  a  move- 

nscsl   has   not  drowned  bis   memory  mem  in  the  direction  of  the  aaoristy, 

in  a  cup  of  hypoaras."  that  the  ceremony  waa  about  to  com- 

A  |«use  of  some  time  ensued,  within  mence. 
which  Roaette,  aided  by  the  efforts  of       A  word  of  explanation  is  oeceasary. 

Dame  Defunctis,  who  waa  terrified  into  to   make    intelligible  a  scene  which 

an  onusoal  silence,  began    to  recover  would  seem  almost  impossible,  even  in 

&aei  hei  swoon.  the  reckless  and  violent  days  of  our 

"  Where  am  II     What  do  they  want  story.       At    that    time    ecclestaslioal 

of  me  \    Why  am  I  here  1"    she  mur-  benefices  were  sometimes  given  to  lay 

mured  in  a  feeble  voice.  nobles,  who  would  even  transmit  them 

"  You  are  here  to  be  married,  my  to  their  heirs.    To  aeire  the  chapels, 

pretty  maid,  and  you  had  belter  take  it  ahnrcbes,priorie8, &o.,  tbesenoolerical 

(juietly,  fur  there  is  no  avoiding  it.    All  proprietors   would   engage  such   poM~>  > 

it  arraaged,  and   you    must    sulHDit.  ptiesta  as  they  could  find,  who  for  ^iOOQIC 


I  De  uisHOguisncu  in  inti  uaiiL.  leiiow  lies  iiKe  a  rogus 

"  Monsieur  the  Abbe  is  waiting  in  the  possession  of  my  reaso 

cristy,"  answered  a  nasai  tone,  like  like  a  king's  arquebusit 

It  of  some  suballern  official  of  the  drunk  a   glass   of  hypo 


MB                                      The  Draper't  DaugUgr.  [Sept. 

share  of  the  income  of  the  institution  siTes   no   alann.     Proceed,   Montieor 

would  perfnrm  its  official  daties,  being  rAbM,  and  be  qaicb.     All  will  be  con- 

themBelves   the  meteat  and  often  the  eluded  before  the   King's  people  can 

most  nnscnipulous  tools  of  the  patron  leach  us  hare — yoo  know  the  conae- 

on  whom  thej  wete  thus  dependent,  qoence  if  you  fail." 

They   were   called   Confidentiaries  or  He  was  inimedialety  obeyed,  and  the 

CuelodinoB.      Suoh   was   the   relation  ceremony   proceeded.     Such  wae  the 

between  the  Abb£  who  now    asceDd-  noise  without,  and  the  agitation  of  those 

ed  the  altar,  a  man  of  utterly  worth-  within,  thai  no  one  could  hear  Rosette's 

less    character,    and     the    Duke    de  replies.    The  priest  himself,  no  doubt, 

Vilienejtre.      Nor   were   such  forced  attached  no  great  importance  lo  tbem, 

tnarriagti,  aB  they  were  termed,  very  for  without   paasjng',   he  hastened   to 

uncommon  in  those  days.    If  a  ruined  momble  orer  the  forms  of  his  sacred 

gentleman   wished  to   espouse  a  rich  oihce,  with  all  the  rapidity  inspired  by 

heireaa,  he  would  carry  her  o£f  by  force  haste,  and  the  desire  to  satisfy  his  pa^ 

or  fraud,  lo  some  place  where  a  priest  tron. 

was  gained  over  beforehand  for  the  per-  At  last  all  was  done ;  the  symbolical 
formance  of  the  ceremony.  After-  ring  was  od  the  finger  of  the  bride, 
wards  if  the  family  of  the  unhappy  the  nuptial  benediction  bad  been  pro- 
woman  should  attempt  any  judicial  re-  nounced,  and  when  the  last  <tmen  was 
olanastion  against  these  outrages,  it  was  said  by  the  assibiant  of  the  priest,  noth- 
easy  to  prove  by  bribed  witoesaes,  or  ing  more  was  wanting,  according  to  the 
forged  or  extorted  documents,  the  legal-  ideas  and  usages  of  the  limes,  to  make 
ity  of  the  marriage  ;  and  at  all  events  (he  marriage  binding  before  God  and 
it  would  lead  only  to  interminable  law  men.     As  soon  as  the  whole  was  com- 

Eroceedings,  the  disgrace  of  which  fell  plsted  and  secured,  and  the  priest  was 

eavilf  on  both  the  two  families  con-  descending  from  the  altar,  the  valet  of 

cerned.     So  far  was  this  carried,  that  the  Doke,  without  allowing  himself  to 

in  1 639,  twenty  years  after  these  events,  be  terrified  by  the  clamor  of  the  arch- 

a  royal  ordinance  was  found  necessary  ers  at  the  entrance,  sai^  aloud  in  a  cleat                           • 

for  the  repression  of  these  offences  by  voice  and  a  tune  of  exnitaiion  : 

the  severest  penalties.  "  IjCt  all  who  are  here  present  bear 

The  ceremony  on  this  occasion  was  witness  that  Rosette  Poliveau  is  legal- 
short.  Rosette  was  led  lo  the  allar  in  ly  and  irrevocably  married  lo  this  cava- 
a  state  apparently  of  stupefaction.  She  her,  and  ihat  while  he  lives  she  can 
made  no  opposition  to  the  ruthleas  pro-  never  marry  another.  And  now  let  us 
ceedings  of  which  she  was  the  victim,  leave  the  place  to  the  gentry  of  the  po- 
her  faculties  and  very  consoionsness  lice.  Monsieur  deManle,  you  may  car- 
seeming  benumbed  and  helpless.  De  ly  your  wife  wherever  you  please." 
Msnie  occasionally  addressed  a  few  The  whole  party  now  proceeded  in 
words  to  her  in  a  low  tone,  which  it  haste  to  disperse,  some  to  escap''  by  the 
could  not  be  judged  whether  she  heard  small  side  door  by  which  they  had  en- 
ornot.  The  nuptial  benediction  was  just  leted,  the  rest  through  the  door  of  the 
about  to  be  pronounced,  when  a  violent  sacristy.  Alt  were,  however,  suddenly  * 
knocking  was  heard  at  the  principal  arrested  by  the  voice  of  the  newly 
entrance  of  the  church,  and  a  strong  wedded  bridegroom,  who  had  alone  re- 
and  auihoritative  voice  was  heard  :  mained  motionless,  supporting   in   his 

"  Open,  in  the  name  of  the  King!"  aim  Rosette,  who  lay  in  apparent  is- 

"  II  is  my  husband  with  the  soldiers  sensibility,  with  her  head  buried  in  his 

of  the  patrol!"  exclaimed  Dame  De-  bosom.     He  spoke  in  a  tone  of  strange 

funclis,  reviving  from  the  stupor  ofher  authority,  which  commanded  an  obeoi- 

frame.    "  It  is  God  has  sent  him!  God,  ence  none  could  resist. 

who   has   not   been   witling   to    suffer  "  Mignon,   remain,    sir !      Monsieur 

this  horrible  sacrilege  in  a  sanctified  I'Ahb^,  stay !    Let  that  door  be  opened 

place !"  immediately !" 

The  prieai  paused  suddenly,  trem-  In  a  few  moments  the  whole  impati- 
bling  with  alarm.  "  Not  a  word,  not  a  ent  troupe  withont  were  streaming  up 
movement,  mademoiselle !"  exclaimed  the  aisle,  with  Defunotii,  Potiveau, 
the  valet,  addressing  himself  to  the  Giles  at  their  head,  and  tearing  torch- 
speaker.  "  Captain  Corbinean,  lake  es,  which  shed  a  strong  glare  on  tim  .^ 
charge  of  this  old  fiio],  and  see  that  she  littlo  group  at  the  foot  of  the  altar,  ii/     0(^0 1 P 


ISU.]  EdUMt  of  tie  Start.  S9t 

the  centra  of  wbich  Mood  De  Manle,  the  wsnt  of  hia  hat,  wig  tad  cloak — 

vilh  the  yoang  bride,  all  trembling  and  which,  together  nith  his  voiee,  swag- 

half  bewildered,  whom  he  had  found  gar  and  druoken  condition,  Villenegre, 

Borne  inysleiious  mEanB  nf  leconciling  in  the  extremity  of  the  occaaion,  had 

to  the  fate  which  had  been  thus  violent-  taken  the  liberty  of  bononing  for  the 

Ij  and  careleaily  hurried.  nonce.     How  hia  bold  inspitatioD  auc- 

Da  Mania  1 — no  :  the  real  De  Manle  ceeded  we  have  aeen. 
was  atill  aleeping    profoundly   on  the        The  Drapai's  daughter  waa  now  the 

STBsa  at  the  foot  of  the  Temple  towar.  Marqaiae — no.ahewaanowtbeDucAcH  . 

Aa  it  was  a  warm  sommer  night,  he  de  Villen^gie. 
wu  not  likely  to  aaffei  Mrioaily  ftoin 


ECHOES    OP  THE   HEART. 


It  was  a  pleasant  dream  from  which  I  woke, — 

A  dream  of  joya  that  neTer  might  return — 

Once  more  in  fancy  had  I  decked  my  locks. 

With  those  sweet  gills  that  childcen  ever  prise  ; 

The  gifU  of  nature — fonnd  on  fountain'a  brim, 

On  Bunny  bank,  and  in  each  abady  grove 

That  forms  a  haunt  for  poetry  or  love  ; 

Once  more  in  graceful  ehaplet  and  fesloon, 

Had  bound  the  lily,  violet  and  rose  ; 

And  dnng  them  at  my  gentle  mother's  feet, 

Praying  that  »he  would  road  the  fairy  lore 

Written  on  them,  for,  to  toy  childish  mind. 

Their  soft  perfume  and  richly  tinted  leaves, 

Made  them  St  acrolts  for  dancing  elvea  to  trace 

The  story  of  their  many  wanderings  on. 

It  was  a  blessed  dream,  for,  era  I  slept, 

I  sought  in  vain  to  still  my  yearning  heart. 

And  calm  the  throbbinga  of  my  fevered  brow. 

Now  like  some  spirit  from  the  belter  land. 

The  memory  of  my  vision  hovered  round  ; 

Hushing  the  inner  tempests  of  my  soul. 

While  the  Bouth~wind  that  rested  through  the  night. 

Amid  acacia  bowers  and  orange  groves. 

Until  its  perfume  seemed  (be  mingled  breath 

Of  each  sweet  flower  that  it  had  stooped  to  kiss, 

Parted  the  loose  hair  on  my  aching  brow, 

Cooling  its  fever  with  its  aoA  caress. 

And  as  I  gazed  out  on  the  sunny  ak^ 

And  hearkened  to  the  lava  of  the  fair  birds 

That  seemed  to  soar  deliriously  high, 

I  felt  how  oery  beautiful  waa  earth  ! 

80  beautiful,  I  almoat  aighed  to  think 

My  spirit  conld  not  make  thia  world  its  home. 

Each  restless  yearning  and  each  feverish  hope, 

My  soul  had  ever  known,  were  to  her,  now, 

Like  the  swept  tear  from  childhood'a  rosy  cheek ; 

And  ever  and  anon  would  whispers  come 

(Sach  whispers  as  I  have  heard  violeia  breathe),  ^  j 

Bidding  ma  seek  some  spot  where  1  might  qaaff  .1  gmzod  sy  vjOOQIC 


Eekott  of  tfia  Heart. 

A  deep,  delicious  draoght  from  DHtare'a  cup. 
Gladly  [  heard  tbe  Bonimons  ;  I,  whow  heart 
Grew  faint,  when  the  sweet  waters  were  withheld  ; 
And  bent  taj  fmilsteps  where  in  calm  repose 
Laj  the  mjatertotis  and  majestic  Deep. 
It  was  ft  glorious  sight !  the  crested  waves, 
Catching  the  tirst  tints  of  the  morning  sun  ; 
Until  in  liquid  gold  they  brightly  gleamed, 
Dimming  the  eye  tliat  on  Ibeir  splendor  gaied. 
1  said  it  was  a  glorious  tight — bnt  ohi 
The  music  that  came  pealing  on  each  breexe. 
Who  of  its  deep,  its  heavenly  tones  may  speak  \ 
I  deemed  that  angeU  had  come  down  to  e&rlh 
And  tuned  in  sweetest  nnison  their  lyres — 
But  a  low  voice  bome  on  the  balmy  air 
Whispered,  it  was  the  thrilling  song  of  praise 
Sent  up  Trom  ocean's  echoing  depths  at  morn. 
Higher,  still  higher  did  Ihe  music  swell, 
Swelled  into  floods  of  richest  hannony 
That  Glled  the  oalm,  blue  heaven — while  to  my  eac 
Thus  the  glad,  Bosring  anthem  seened  lo  speak — 

JoTOua,  yet  solemn  be 
All  nature's  voice  to  thee. 

Father  divine  I 
A  hymn  of  grateful  gladness. 
Free  froin  each  thought  of  aadaess ; 

Suoh  praise  be  thine. 

The  hymn  shall  fill  the  sky. 
The  chainless  winds  reply, 

Man's  soul,  adore ; 
And  from  a  countless  throng 
One  full  and  glorious  song 

or  thanks  shall  soar. 

Thanks  for  the  blue  expanse. 
That  seemeth  with  thy  glance, 

Oh  God  !  to  beam  : 
Thanks  fur  the  dewy  morn — 
Thanks  for  the  sunshine  born, 

A  heavenly  beam, 
O'er  Earth  in  mercy  thrown. 
From  the  bright  shore  unknown. 

Thanks  for  the  music  flowing. 
Thanks  for  the  beauty  glowing. 

On  land  and  sea. 
All  sweetly  shall  they  blend, 
All  gratefully  ascend, 

Most  High,  to  thee ! 


Wild  thnnghts  and  sorrowful  my  sout  were  stirring, 

And  my  heart  seemed  as  if  its  chords  muit  break  ; 

In  vain  the  balmy  hreeiB  went  singing  hy. 

Bearing  the  night-flower's  incense  on  its  wings  ; 

Mine  was  the  fever  that  may  not  be  cooled 

With  morn's  delicious  air,  or  night's  soft  breath — 

Mine  the  deep  yearnings  that  but  deeper  grow  ^  j  i 

WiA  each  sweet  aoand  tbtti  meets  the  aniions  ear.  i  gitizod  sy  LjOOQ  l(l 


14.]  EeAott  of  the  Htart. 

In  tajn  ibe  •tan,  m;  tpirii'i  ehoaen  goidea. 
Looked  on  me  with  theiT  clear  and  dew;  eyes  ; 
Though  in  their  gtuice  1  elill  rekd  lore  for  ma 
1  found  no  joy  inlense — no  calm  delight. 
A  fearful  chapga  had  fallen  on  me,  sinoe  the  mora 
When  in  my  very  g1adno«e  I  had  fell 
Thai  I  could  dwell  [of  ever  on  the  earth. 
Nor  ask  a  tairei  home — a  happier  lot- 
Then  from  onr  household  cfaain,  do  link  itm  miased  ; 
No  blosBom  from  our  hnuishold  wreath  uobonnd  ; 
fiul  now  the  chain  waa  ssTered — and  the  wreath— 
Oh  !  Death  had  culled  ite  only  etainlet*  flower. 
That  in  a  better  land  'twas  bloBsoming — 
A  land  where  Btoim*  can  never  reach.     I  knew, 
Knew  that  my  gentle  siatei  waa  now  whert 
Het  angel  purity  could  ne'er  be  dimmed. 
Yet  it  ii  bard  to  linger  hero  below, 
And  miM  what  most  the  spirit  halh  adtK-ed  ; 
Ay,  hard,  and  more  than  frail  Mortality, 
That  Bwayeth  as  a  reed  to  srief,  can  bear. 
Home  grew  a  darkened  and  a  mournful  place, 
For  she  its  tight,  its  very  life,  had  flown  ! 
The  skies  soon  lo«t  their  splendor  to  my  eye  ; 
The  silvery  streams,  their  sweetly  laughing  flow ; 
Bren  the  spirit  whispers  of  the  flowers, 
Thoee  "  stars  of  earth,"  fell  sadly  on  my  ear — 
They  sighing  seemed  to  ask  for  aiHnething  gone ; 
And  now,  ar  by  the  restless  sea  I  stood, 
Longing  for  the  swift  pinions  of  a  bird. 
That  I  might  flee,  where  partings  are  not  known, 
A  thrilling  strain  broke  on  the  midnight  air. 
Yet  not  in  joy,  nor  yet  in  praise  it  rose  ; 
Its  tones  were  all  of  sorrow,  and  I  deemed 
The  waves  had  chosen  this  still,  solemn  hour. 
To  chant  a  reqniem  for  beauty  vanished, — 
Vaniahed  from  this  dark  world  ne'er  to  return — ■ 
A  requiem  for  singing  voices  bushed, 
''  For  valor  fall'n — for  broken  rose  and  sword," — 
A  few  brief  opening  notes  of  grief  and  sadness. 
Then  full  and  deep  the  moaning  waters  sung — 

A  dirge — a  stately  dirge  for  ye — the  noble  and  the  brave. 
Called  from  yimr  glory  and  vour  power  to  slumber  in  the  grave  ; 
Ob !  never  more  your  swords  may  flash  upon  your  country's  field. 
Flash  gallantly  and  boldly  oat,  bidding  the  spoiler  yield. 


All  lonely  are  the  homes  whnre  once  your  joyous  tones  were  heard, 
And  sorrowing  the  faithful  hearts,  those  tones  so  deeply  stirred. 

A  chant — a  sofl,  sad  ch.int  for  thee,  departed  child  of  song, 
Whose  thiiughts  divine  flowed  ever  in  a  current  swi^  and  strong ; 
Broken  the  lyre  that  sweetly  poured  music  on  every  breeze, 
Lending  each  fountain,  stream  and  tree  such  thrilling  harmonies. 

A  soft,  low  requiem  for  ye,  who  slumber  'neath  my  waves ; 
Ob  !  fair  your  renting -places  are,  fairer  than  earthly  graves ; 
Far  down  on  beds  of  glistening  pearl,  all  peacefully  ye  lie. 
In  oaves  ofihe  brightest  coral,  where  the  sea  nymphs  o'er  ye  sigh. 


=1  Google 


I  A  TV*  of  TtxM  Ufi. 

A  soft,  low  Tequiem  for  ye — in  yoDi  homes  e'en  now  is  kapt 

A  weuy  watch  bjt  eye%  that  long  foi  toot  TMiubed  fonns  hsTs  weoi 

1  have  Doaod  tbeni  her«,  bat  joar  booIs  bsTO  flown,  in  a  brighler  li 


And  with  Mrth'a  aaddest  word,  the  aad  stnin  died, 

Died  Boniy  aa  Bw&as'  laat  aocenU  die  ; 

While  all  mvalerioua  it  seemed  va  me. 

That  the  full  organ  of  the  mightj  deep. 

Now  Bonga  of  praiaa,  now  aouga  of  grief,  ahould  awell ; 

But  a  low  Toice,the  "  voice  of  God  within," 

Whispered  that  Natare'a  manj  tones  are  but 

The  eohoea  of  the  ohangeful,  human  htart. 


A  TALE  OP   TEXAS   UFE. 


At  the  period  of  out  *torr,  the  old  "  might  is  right,"  which  was  adopted 
Catholic  Mexicaa  town  of  Bexar,  or  aa  (heir  creed,  moral  and  poUtioal! 
San  Antonio,  aa  it  ia  indiffeisotly  call-  The  fifteen  boodred  Mezioans,  who 
ed,  hod  only  eight  or  ten  American  made  up  the  remaiDing  popalation  of 
citjiens.  These  were  ptincip^ly  teck-  the  town,  as  well  as  the  awarms  along 
less  and  daring  joong  men  from  the  the  distant  banka  of  the  Rio  Grande, 
States,  who  were  osteoaiUj  goTem-  were  made  to  appreciate  f  ery  fallj  the 
ment  rangers,  and  held  nominal  alle-  practical  resDhi  of  this  creed,  which 
giance  to,  and  commiasiona  from,  the  were  carried  out  at  their  expense  in 
Preaident  of  Texas.  Bat  that  august  aDDdiT  unceremoniona  contribntiona, 
official  had  fai  too  manj  hungr;  pap-  leried  by  these  adventDroos  cealota 
sncLers  clinging  to  the  lean  bosom  of  with  a  faithfuleess  which  would  have 
the  home  Treasury  to  apare  one  gene-  secured  the  seventh  heaten  to  followers 
rouB  ilrop  even,  for  the  Dourishment  of  of  Hahommed.  Captain,  now  Colonel 
thia  distant  frontier ;  ao  that  the  bold  Haya,  a  yonng  Tennessean  of  singnlar 
spirits  who  ventured  there  had  glory  to  energy  and  bravery,  was  the  master 
any  amount  meted  out  for  their  subsist-  spirit  of  this  band,  and  ranking  nest  to 
ence  by  this  prodigal  officii,  and  if  they  him  waa  the  hero  of  our  adventure — a 
found  anything  less  aublimaied  and  young  gentleman  whose  very  fetBinice 
more  substantial  necessary,  they  were  and  dMicale  features  contrasted  re- 
told with  a  superb  hauteur,  that "  honor  markably  with  the  traits  of  remorseleas 
was  the  dearest  gilt  of  princes ;"  that  hardihood  which  had  gained  him  the 
OS  to  thaae  grosser  matters,  they  might  universal  tobriquet  of  "  The  Bravo." 
shift  for  themselves!  The  conse-  There  waa  no  deweiate  euteipriae  in 
quence,  of  course,  waa,  that  as  "  ne-  which  he  did  not  of  choice  lead  the  for- 
oeaatty  has  no  law,"  at  any  rate  these  lorn  hope ;  there  was  nothing  too  madly 
young  gentlemeo  could  not  be  ezpoot-  daring  and  too  neat  impossible  for  him 
ed  to  trouble  themselves  with  framing  to  undertake,  if  he  once  took  the  whim 
an  original  code  (br  it,  under  such  oir-  into  his  head  that  he  would  accomplish 
cnmatances ;  indeed  their  veneration  of  it.  Hays  was  the  more  powerfol  ob^ 
a  custom  so  antiquated  as  ^lat  "the  racter,  and  like — 
memory  of  man  runneth  not  to  the  oon- 

irary,"  would  have  forbidden  it,  if  no-  «  Hector  in  bis  Uase  of  wrath  subacrjbed 

thing  else ;  and  in  thia  aame  olaaaieal  To  tender  cdiJMts  t  bat  ht,  in  heat  of  ae- 
taste  they  were  necessarily  highly  pre-  tion, 

jndiced  in  tnox  of  the  primeval  axiom,  Was  more  vindieatire  than  jeatoH  Ian." 


=1  Google 


ISM.]                                 A  T«]t  nf  Teawi  UJe.  ^                      MS 

And  not  in  tbe  hekt  of  ■etion  onlf,  but  Bexw, sod  sUrted  it  (Zander the  com- 
■Dder  all  possible  cootingenciea  where  mand  of  &  trusted  semnt  to  bring  iu 
(he  blood  of  tbe  lulled  Mexieane  of  tbe  hia  sil*er,  ftnd  frighten  Agalone's  cut- 
Rio  Gmnde  was  at  issua,  be  was  piti-  tbroats.  He  sent  private  inetructioiiB 
less  as  winter!  Antonio  Nafarro,  a  Ihongh  lo  his  cgeni  having  charge  of 
Uesican  of  Hidalgo  descent,  who  bad  the  mone; ,  not  lo  trust  it  to  these  fel- 
joined  the  Texans  in  their  revolt,  and  lows  until  he  bad  ascertained  whether 
fought  shoulder  to  shoulder  with  tbero  the;  would  stand  fire  or  not,  fur,  on 
throughout  the  revoiution,  was  very  this  point  be  had  some  shrewd  doubts, 
jiopular  and  much  respected  by  tlie  growing  out  of  his  iDlimale  knowledge 
Americans  of  Bexar,  who  bad  'given  of  bis  lellow-citiiene. '  The  agent  was 
him  tbeir  votes  as  Mayor,  and  were  first  to  send  theni  with  a  greft  parade 
lead;  to  eland  by  him  under  all  oiream-  of  sacks,  stuffed  with  moss  and  gravel, 
■tanoes.  Navarro  was  rich,  and  car-  a  day  al  two's  journey  on  the  return 
lied  on,  through  agents  who  were  not  trail.  In  this  time  the  attack  of  Aga- 
ahogether  to  obnoxious  to  the  Mexican  tone  would  probably  be  made,  and  if 
government  as  himself,  quite  an  exten-  they  aboald  prove  able  to  cope  with 
oive  and  lucrative  trade  with  tbe  vii-  him  and  show  any  game,  the  agent 
lages  beyond  the  Rio  Grande.  It  hap-  might  then  go  back  and  fill  his  sacks 
|«Ded  just  at  this  crisis,  that  he  was  in  in  earnest,  with  some  prospect  of  reach- 
%  serioua  quandary.  His  last  trading  ing  home  with  their  contents.  This 
venture,  which  had  been  a  heavy  one,  wary  stratagem  was  carried  out  to  the 
had  been  snccesftfuJIy  convened  into  letter,  and  the  result  proved  it  to  have 
silver  \  but  his  faithful  agent  had  sent  been  a  wise  precaution,  for  the  coward- 
fainn  word  that  he  dared  not  budge  a  ly  ragamuffins  scarcely  awaited  Aga- 
foot  with  his  precious  charge,  two  or  tone's  first  charge  before  they  were 
three  mule  loads  of  which  he  was  scattered,  flying  belter-skellCf  in  every 
guarding  night  and  day  at  the  Ranoho  directionover  the  plains  ;  aadnearlyall 
of  Navarro  s  old  friend.  Dun  Job£,  on  of  them  killed  their  horses  by  running, 
the  Texan  bank  of  the  itio  Grande,  and  came  straggling  into  Bexar  on 
Fur  he  feared  that  bis  old  friend,  foot,  with  an  awful  Isle  of  rubbery, 
tempted  by  the  richness  of  the  priie,  blood,  and  devoted  courage  on  tbeii 
lad  proved  unfaithful,  and  had  given  part,  each  man  vowing  as  he  arrived 
the  renowned  and  formidable  outlaw,  that  he  had  fought  until  all  those  yet 
Agalone,  a  hint  of  the  intended  trans-  behind  him  were  killed ;  and  not  a  little 
Ar,  that  he  might  intercept  it  on  the  laughter  did  it  create  among  the  Auie- 
way  across  those  sterile  plains  which  ricans,  as  one  ailer  another  the  ghosts 
Bttetch  between  that  rivet  and  Bexar,  of  these  heroes  thos  unceremoniously 
It  was  very  certain,  at  least,  that  he  oonsigned  tO'the  gorv  bed  of  honor 
was  beleaguered  by  the  spies  of  the  would  come  dropping  in,  apparelled  in 
bandit  captain;  that  a  detachment  of  the  old-fashioned  flesh  and  blood!  The 
his  troops  were  hanging  round  the  truth  was,  that  Agatone  had  not  pur- 
Ranrho,  waiting  for  the  treasure  to  be  eued  them  at  all,  but  stopping  at  tbe 
Uarted,  with  the  intention  of  attacking  money  bags,  eagerly  ripped  them  open 
those  haviug  it  in  charge,  on  the  prai-  with  his  dagger  that  he  might  gloat  his 
Ties  ;  that  Agatone,  who  was  the  mor-  hungry  vision  upon  tbe  shining  con- 
tal  enemy  of  Navarro,  had  sworn  tiis  tents.  The  rage  of  the  baffled  ruffian 
money  should  never  reach  Bexar,  and  may  be  better  conceived  than  told, 
the  agent,  in  sore  distress,  begged  him  when  a  stream  of  shells  and  pebble* 
to  send  a  formidable  escort,  Bufficiently  followed  through  tbe  rent;  be  awore 
•trong  to  defy  tbe  whole  force  of  Aga-  all  sorts  of  dire  oaths  as  be  thrust  hi* 
tone,  for  without  this  it  would  be  mad-  damaged  dagger  hack  into  the  sheath. 
DBS*  to  leave  the  walls  of  the  Ranoho  i  But  the  Mthful  agent,  whose  name 
ud  he  waa  not  even  sure,  by  any  was  Alvarei,  had  taken  care  to  keep 
Beana,  it  was  safe  there,  for  that  the  out  of  harm's  way,  and,  with  the  most 
conduct  of  Don  Jos6  savored  very  trustworthy  of  bts  men,  waa  securely 
■tiongly  of  treachery.  housed  in  Don  Josh's  Ranc ho,  guard- 
Pour  Navarro  waa  sadly  taken  aback  ing  the  treasure  like  a  sleepless  gry- 
by  this  news.  But  he  went  instantly  phcn,  and  in  spite  of  the  treachery  of 
to  work  and  equipped  a  troop  of  the  his  host,  who  dared  not  take  ground 
Tagabond  braggadocio  Mexican*  about  openly,  he  managed  to  keep  tbe  infuii- 


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3W                                     A  Tol*  of  Tfxa*  Lift.  [Sept 

ated  Agiione   at    bay-    Navam,  of  vantage  oftliia  abcenoe  of  hiaenemr — 

coarse,  needed  an  telegrsphing  to  b«  who  had  lefl  faia  troops  in  cDtniuand  of 

loads  awarB  of  whal  bad  oCQitrred,  bat  a  iieatanaDt — and  slip  in  and  get  him 

ixe  wu  now  fairly  at  his  nits'  end,  for  out  of  tliia  scrape,  aod  the  money  in 

it  was  clear  enough  he  would  never  before  Agatonereivrnei>.    That  he  must 

g«t  hia  money  if  he  trusted  it  to  Mexi-  try  to  eSect  this  by  niatagem,  if  not 

can  valor  to  bring  it  to  him  ;  and  be-  by  force. 

Bidea,.,no  poraible  inducement  wonld  This  waa  a  atrong  appeaJ.  Ttw 
have  operated  in  crganiaing  another  worthy  merchant  and  mayor,  already 
eipediiion,  corapoaad  solely  of  Meii-  near  tlie  last  gasp  of  desperation,  wa^ 
ouis,  for  it  would  take  them  a  month  almofll  floored  by  it.  Bat  thoae  aelf- 
or  two  tp  recover  from  this  fright ;  acd  same  venerable  laconics  which  bave  as- 
were  he  even  to  send  double  the  nam-  eeited  that  "  oeeeaaity  knona  no  law," 
ber,  they  wonld  all  run  at  the  first  sight  have  also  cbrietened  it  the  "  mother  of 
of  Agatone.  The  Jealoaaies  between  invention,"  and  Navarro  in  this  mortal 
the  Mexican  and  American  citisena,  extremity Buddenlybeibougblhimoftha 
had  prevented  hia  asking  aasistanoe  of  Bravo,  of  the  violent  passion  he  had 
Hays  and  his  company,  for  he  knew  been  seiied  with  to  poeaeaa  a  certain 
that  they  scorned  his  cowardly  country-  coal-Uack  and  magnificent  Meed  which 
men  too  entirely  to  participate  with  Navarro  had  taken  from  a  Camanehc 
them  in  any  enterprise  ;  and  now  that  chief.  It  was  by  for  tbe  finest  animal 
he  had  endeavored  to  get  along  without  ever  aeen  on  that  frontier,  and  the  Br^ 
them,  and  been  so  signally  defeated,  be  to  had  tried  often  and  over,  in  all  sortt 
feared  it  would  sadly  injure  his  popu-  of  vraye,  to  obtain  him.  But  thou^ 
larity  shoald  he  employ  the  Americans,  Navarro  valued  him  immeasely,  yet  tM 
and  give  Ihero  another  opporlanity,  by  eatimata  did  not  qnite  overbalance  hi* 
contrasting  the  successful  issue  of  their  silver  bass,  and  he  knew  the  Bravo 
adventure  with  the  disgraceful  one  of  woold  risk  his  life  a  hundred  times  to 
the  Mexicans,  to  taunt  and  crow  over  get  possession  of  him.  Delighted  by 
them,  which  spirit  they  had  already  tiie  sudden  illamination  of  tlua  tbottght, 
carried  to  sufficient  galling  extremes  to  he  sent  for  tbe  Bravo  at  once — pro- 
endanger  cooaiderabty  the  public  peace,  poaed  the  expedition  to  him  and  tba 
He  knew  that  if  he  applied  to  the  coveted  Bleed  as  the  reward.  The 
Americana  now,  they  would  only  assist  eyes  of  the  young  adventarer  fairly  glia- 
him  in  view  of  this  very  triumph,  and  tened  ;  for  of  all  things  he  could  cob> 
would  be  sum  to  make  the  most  of  it ;  ceive  of  juat  then  that  horse  he  valuod 
BO  that  between  the  fear  of  loeing  his  the  most.  Money  was  nothing  in  the 
popularity,  and  of  losing  his  money,  he  scale  against  him — for  oo  Arab  bad  evec 
was  fairly  half  demented  ;  how  both  greater  cause  for  regarding  the  met- 
wete  to  be  secured,  ha  could  not  by  any  tie  of  hts  horse  as  quite  as  importaot, 
poasihility  conceive  I  He  had  been  in  the  sort  of  life  he  led,  as  that  of  hi* 
chafing  and  foaming  over  the  matter  for  dirk  or  his  pistol  ;  and  what  wasmor«, 
several  days,  without  seeing  his  way  be  had  not  been  in  a  single  fight  for  a 
any  more  clearly  out  of  the  diScolty;  week  or  two  ;  the  Camaoches  had  be- 
and  to  cap  the  climax,  had  juBt  received  come  so  distressingly  shy,  and  the 
another  message  from  Alvaiei,  urging  Mexicans  so  uncomfortably  quiet,  that 
him  as  he  valued  his  silver  lo  hurry  on  fae  was  almost  bored  to  death  by  the 
Bome  one  to  bis  relief,  for  he  waa  almost  vapid  and  tiresome  monotony  of  peace ; 
worn  down  by  watching,  and  the  aspect  and  bis  blood  was  fairly  seething  fur  a 
of  affairs  was  becoming  every  hour  small  aflair  of  some  eort  or  other ;  W 
more  unpromising;  but  that  there  was  that  nothing  coaid  have  been  more  apro- 
B  solitary  glimmering  of  hope  left,  for  poa  than  the  prupoailion  of  NavarM 
be  had  received  information  from  a  Bure  — even  leaving  the  horse  out  of  the 
qaaner  that  Agalone  had  gone  for  a  question;  but  with  tbe  prospectofget- 
reiu force ment,  and  was  to  he  absent  ting  "  the  black,"  and  killing  a  few  of 
several  days,  but  that  when  he  returned  Agati»ie's  rascals  to  bbot,  he  was  sn- 
he  intended  storming  the  Rancho,  and  premely  and  perfectly  beatified.  H« 
had  sworn  to  cut  all  their  throats  for  forthwith  closed  with  Navarro's  offer, 
the  trick  they  had  played  on  him,  and  adding  as  conditions  that  he  waa  to 
have  his  revenge  and  the  money  any  have  the  horse  to  ride — and  to  maoag* 
how.     He  prayed  Navarro  lo  take  ad-  the  whole  a&ir  in  bia  own  way  witb- 


=1  Google 


1944.1  ^  Tail  of  Texas  Life.  '  SW 

oat  Kay  qoeMioning  gn  the  part  of  any        He  travelled  with  great  ipeed,  mok- 

■vo» ;    that  he  afaonld  select  five  men  ing  long  etagee,  and  only  Btopping  to 

who  were  to  be  eijuipped  lo  aeeompBoy  reltesh  hia  horae,  and  seeming  to  be 

bim  :  and  great  waa  the  asloniehment  utterly  regardtflBB  of  the  five  Mezieane,    » 

of  NavaiTO   when   he  announced  that  IsBTing  them  lo  keep  np  or  not  ae  tbey 

these  five  men  were  to  be  Meiicaas,  could.    The^,  poor  rascals,  were  frigfat- 

«nd  the  moHl  loguish,  woithlesa  vaga-  eoed  at  the  idea  of  being  lefl  ba^ind  to 

bonds  in  the  town,  at  that.     He  had  shifV  for  themselTes  in  chm  they  ahooM 

•xpected   of   cnurae   that    the   Bravo  meet   with  Camanchee,  and  took  toij 

wooid  take  with  him  hia  own  country-  good  care  to  keep  in  sight,  at  leatt, 

men,  and  it  was  upon  their  combined  uiongh  to  accomplish  this  on  theii  in-  ' 

boldneM  and  ingenuity  he  had  coooted  ferior  horses  was  a  very  Berious  boai- 

for   anceess  ;   and   at   this  unexpected  neaa,  so  that  by  the  time  he  reached 

proposition  he  was  grieTously  disturbed  the  Rancho  of  Don  loti  tlieii  animals 

— for  the  incTilable  result  seemed  to  were  pretty  well  used  up.     The  Bram 

promise   the  loas  of  both  horse  aod  had  purpoaely  selected  tliese  fellows 

money.  '  In*  vain  he  remonairated.   The  Arem  amon^  the  most  notoriously  dninlc- 

Bravo  wouid  make  no  explanation  of  en  and  faithleas  TiUsins    of   Bexar! 

his  plans,  bat  insisted  upon  his  terms,  Honest    Alvarez,    who    was    on    tte 

or  refased  to  have  anything  to  do  with  watch,  instantly  opened  the  g*tes  to 

the  matter.     Navarre  went  to   Hays,  the  Bravo.     Don  jW  happen«l  not  to 

and  begged  him  to  use  hia  influence  m  be  at  band  when  this  was  done  ;  but 

peranading  the  Bravo  to   change   Lis  when  he  retamed  and  found  the  aiogle 

plan    and     take    Americana.       Haya  Ametican  inaolently  ordering  his  Pm-    • 

went  to  him  and  olTered  to  aoeorapany  nes  about,  and  acting  in  all  reapeets  as 

him  with  his  whole  troop ;  but  he  re-  if  he  were  Lord  of  the  Rancho,  he  be- 

fused  the  proffer,  and  Haya  tamed  ofl!',  came  (urioosly  enraged,  and  wdered 

saying   very   coolly   to  Navarro :  "  O  the  Bravo  to  clear  out,  and  threatened 

never  disturb  yourself  about  the  Bravo  \  to  tie  him  np  and  gjve  him  a  qittrl  on 

he'll  do  it !     He's  got  a  plan  of  his  his  bare  ba«k.    It  never  occurred  to 

own !  let  him  alone !'    So,  as  it  was  the  him  for  a  moment  that  a  solitary  Ame^ 

only  hope.  Navarro  was  compelled  re-  iean,  with  only  a  river  between  him  and 

luctantly  to  equip  the  fire   Mexicans  Mexico,  and  with  aeveral  hundred  Mex- 

designated,  and  let  him  have  hia  own  icana  about  him,  would  dare  to  offer 

way.     But  it  was  with  a  heavy  heart  resiatance  <     The  Bravo  paid  no  atten- 

he  aaw  him  start  next  dar  cnrvelting  tion  lo  his  threats,  bat  in  an  imperion* 

over  the  prairie  on  the  olack  tiotA,  tone  demanded  of  him  the  surrender  of 

and  he  drew  a  long  aigh  as  his  favorite  the  silver.      To  Don  Joai  this  seemed 

horse  disappeared  beyond  the  nndula-  capping  the  cl\max  of  presumption.   He 

tions  ;  for  he  never  expected  to  hear  of  ordered  bis  Peooea  to  seize  and  strip 

biin  or  his  money  again.     In  truth,  it  him.     But  this  was  more  readily  said 

appeared  to  every  one,  Mexicans  aa  than  done.     While  they  hesitated  a 

well  as  Americans,  the  most  fantasti-  moment  about  obeying,  the  Bravo  verj- 

catly  impossible  scheme  that  ever  en-  coolly  drew  a  pistol,  and  ateppingup  to  , 

tered    the  brain  of   a  deapetado — the  Don  Joti,  who  was  surrounded  by  his 

effort  in  the  teeth  of  all  Agatone'a  ban-  Peonea,  twisted  his  hand  into  bis  hair, 

ditti,  lo  bring  off  a  large  som  in  silver  and,  drawing  down  his  head,  placed  the 

acToas  over  a  hundred  miles  of  desert  cold  iron  muizle  of  the  pistol  against 

plains,  with  only  five  cowardly  Mexi-  his  temple.    At  the  same  instant,  as 

cana  for  escort,  any    one  of  whom  ihe  Peonea  were  in  the  act  of  rushing 

woald  sell  bia  life  for  a  plug  of  tobac-  on  him,   some   one  shouted   from  the 

eo<     It  looked  like  the  collapse  stage  crowd,     "It's   the   Bravo!    It's   the 

of  the  dare-devil  mania  !     But  the  Bra-  Bravo  \  look  out  I"     At  this  formidable 

vo    had    done    so    many    improbable  name,  the  menial  herd  scattered  as  if 

things,    there    was  no    telling   what  a  torpedo  had  fallen  amongst  them,  and 

might  be  the  reenit  now.     So  every-  poor  Don  Jose   wae  lef^  to  his  fote. 

body  waited,  with  the  moat  intense  cu-  Such  was  the  terror  thh  singular  hardl- 

noait^  and  anxiety,  the  issae.    With  hood  of  this  man  had  inspired  the  bor- 

permission  of  our  leadera  we  will  ac-  der   Mexicans  with,  that  they  had  as 

company    the    mad-cap    Ihroagh  this  soon  undertaken  to  encounter  a  regi- 

pTomising  undertakbg.  ment  of  devils,  aa  bnve  the  prowess  of-,  . 

T»L.  XV.— so.  LrxT.  21  CjOOI^IC 


306                                      -A  Tafc  of  Ttxas  Life.  [Sept 

liis  sti^lo  s^ni  -    He  bald  the  Blii*eiing  the   MexiciLiia  who   had   accompanied 

Don  Jose  in  ihis  pleasant  poajtion  until  the  bntTo,  called  Juan,  and  who  was 
he  m«le  bim  kiss  the'  crosa  and  awear  the  moat  proverbial  Bcoundrel  among 
ta  be  tcne  :  ibis  is  the  only  form  of  them,  he  seemed  determined  to  make  a 
oath  at  all  binding  tvith  a  Mexican.  Tecular  drunken  frolic  in  bonot  of  his 
With  a  magnanitnouB  sir,  be  then  told  deliTerance.  The  rest,  having  settled 
him  be  would  spare  his  life,  and  te-  their  plans  with  Agalone's  epiee,  nho 
leased  him.  He  ordered  him  to  get  departed,  were  soon  drawn  into  the 
the  key,  and  show  him  the  mout  secure  carouse,  which  they  kept  up  regularly 
loom  in  the  Rancbo  ;  which  having  until  day.  Had  a  sober  man  looked  on, 
been  done,  he  compelled  him  to  assist  he  would  have  perceived  that  Alvraei 
AWarez  and  himself  to  remove  the  all-  and  Juan  were  not  quits  so  diuuk  aa 
rei  into  it.  Then  Bpeakiog  a  few  they  wished  to  appear. 
words  in  a  low  tone  to  Alvarez,  he  en-  When  morning  came,  the  Bravo 
tared  the  room  alone,  closed  ibe  door,  chimed  in  with  the  couvivial  spirit  of 
locked  it  on  the  inside,  and  throwing  his  followers,  and  at  starting,  filled  all 
himself  down  with  the  bags  for  a  pil-  their  walec-gourds  with  noujafortbem. 
low,  wae  sound  asleep  in  a  few  mo-  Don  Jos^  was  very  officious  in  fumish- 
menta.  Great  was  the  rejoicing  among  in g  the  Bravo  with  spirits,  and  chuckled 
the  Hexicana,  that  this  acourge  of  the  heartily  as  he  saw  him  so  much  dispos- 
botdera  was  at  last  entrapped— had  in  ed  to  drink  freely ;  for  this  was  making 
hia  over-daring  recklessness  thrown  assurance  doubly  sure  of  the  success  of 
himself  alone  amidst  swarms  of  ene-  the  plot — which  he  knew  was  to  be 
miea;  and  though  they  submitted  to  carried  into  effect  that  night.  He 
hia  insolence  in  Ibe  Rancho,  and  dared  rubbed  his  fingers  with  glee  at  the 
not  attack  him  openly,  tbey  revelled  in  thought  of  the  coin  they  were  soon  to 
aoticipative  gibes  over  his  carcass  rid-  be  counting,  for  he  was,  of  coarse, 
died  with  halls,  as  they  intended  it  to  go  shares  in  the  plunder, 
should  be.  How  was  it  possible  for  Indeed,  the  avarice  of  the  traitor 
bina  to  escape  %  The  faith  of  the  vil-  became  so  thoroughly  roused  by 
laina  he  had  brought  along  wilb  him  the  certain  thought  of  success  to 
bad  given  way  at  the  first  assanlt—for  all  hia  schemes,  that  he  began  to  think 
thqr  had  been  forthwith  surrounded  by  of  the  many  "  slips  betwiil  the  cup 
theemissariesof  Agatone,and  forafew  and  the  lip,"  and  to  remember  that 
pounds  of  tobacco  apiece  had  agreed,  Agatone's  banditti  had  never  been  re- 
evety  man  of  them,  to  join  the  plot  for  markable  for  good  faith,  and  that  it 
hia  sesaesinalion.  The  lieutenant  of  would  be  the  surest  course  for  him  to 
Agatone  bad  seen  bis  approach,  and  be  on  the  ground  in  person  when  the 
imght  have  set  upon  him  then,  wilb  all  money  was  seized,  and  attend  to  secur- 
hia  men,  and  killed  him,  but  he  chose  ing  his  share;  so  that  his  heart  sudden- 
lathar  to  wait  till  he  started  on  hia  re-  ly  overflowed  with  courtesy,  and, 
tura  with  the  money,  and  thus  secure  mounting  his  horse,  he  insisted  upon 
both  ohjecls  at  once.  As  for  poor  having  the  honor  of  accompanying  the 
Alvarez  and  his  two  honest  followers,  Bravo  the  first  day's  Journey  on  his  re- 
thej  were,  of  course,  to  be  eiterminat-  turn.  The  Bravo,  seeming  to  be 
ed  along  with  him  t  And  then,  this  care-  thoroughly  mollified  by  the  generous 
leasoess  of  his,  in  throwing  himself  liquor,  heartily  responded  to  the  polite- 
down  to  sleep  without  taking  any  pre-  ness.  So  off  they  started,  merry  as  a 
cautions  to  see  that  his  men  were  not  wedding  party,  the  doomed  Bravo  and 
tampered  with,  showed  that  he  neither  Alvarez  more  boisterously  Jovial  than 
feared  nor  suspected  anything ;  and  any  of  ihem,  and  taking  great  pains  to 
they  fairly  danced  for  joy,  sa  they  make  the  money  bags  very  coaapicu- 
■aw  everything  BO  propitious  for  a  cer-  uus,  "for  the  benefit" — aa  Uie  aupa- 
tain  revenge  of  all  the  high-handed  in-  rently  half  drunken  Bravo  boastfully 
dignities  and  murders  he  liad  commit-  swaggered—"  of  the  spying  whelps  of 
led  upon  their  countrymen.  Alvarez  that  wolf-cur  Agalone,  that  are  sneak- 
Beened  to  be  in  a  wonderfully  fine  hu-  ing  along  af^er  ua  through  that 
mar,  highly  elated  at  the  prospects  line  of  limber  1"  As  he  said  (his,  he 
of  escaping,  and  paid  no  attention  to  pointed  directly  to  where  Don  .Tos^ 
tbe  whisperings  and  plottings  that  were  knew  the  spies  of  the  banditti  were 
going  on  about  him.  He  bought  seve-  hid.  He  was  somewhat  startled  at 
lal  ^lons  of  |nouya,  and,  with  one  of  this  for  an  instant ;  but  the  Bravo 


"Google 


I8M.1  A  Tale  of  Texas  Life.  807 

■a  eridentl;  an^ec  the  iofluence  of  the  tance,  brouglit   out  a  Special  private 

nouTa,  that  he  forgot  il  direetljr,  iup-  bottle  of  his  own,  that,  he  Baid,  wu 

poeing  that  it  wa«  aa  aocideat  that  he  filled  nith  choioe  brandy  which  he  had 

poiot^  BO  tnie ;    and  merely  aueh  a  obtained  at  Beiar,  and   brought  alonff   * 

boast  as  WM  natarat  for  a  h^f  intoii-  foT  coDtingenciea.     Dan  Joa6,  who  has 

eated  man.  been  very  wary,  and  had  drank  nothing 

It  Hemed  to  Don  3o9i  that  his  tio-  heretofore,  Ihoaght  he  might  certainly 

time   were    perfectly   infatuated;    for  now  indulge  himself  a  little,  aa  matten 

daring   the  wbole  day  the  Bravo  and  were  in  such  glorious  train ;  so  he  took 

Alvarez  did  not  permit  the  carouse  to  a  stifT  draught  of  the  Bravo's  Huperfitia 

flag ;  and  in  this  they  foand  an  able  co-  brandy,  and]  passing  the  bottle  tonndf 

adjutor  in  Juan,  far  the  knave  seemed  it  vras  very  soon  emptied.     One  of  tha 

to  be  as  thirsty  as  a  sand -bank.     We  MexicaosBhouled, laughingly, that  Juod 

ghonld  mention,  by  the  way,  that  it  is  was  shirking,  and  didn't  drink  bis ;  bat 

an  almost  invariable  habit  on  this  fron-  Juan  played  his  swallow  bo  vehemently,- 

tier,  particelarly  when  Americans  are  that  the  fellow  jerked  the  bottle  out  of 

of  the  party,  to  spend  the  first  night  in  his  hand  and  drank  himself,  but  waS' 

oamp,  in  a  carouse,  when  a  long  or  too  much  staltiQed  to  notice  that  Juan 

peiilous  expedition  is  undertaken;  bo  had  not  lessened  it  a.drop. 
that  all  this  conduct  of  the  Bravo's,       In  a  very  few  minutes  afler  this,  each 

however  stupid  and  reckless  it  might  man  had  thrown  hinuelf  back  with  hia 

seem,   was    in   perfect    keeping   with  head  npon   his  saddle  for  a  pillow,  and 

naage.     They  camped  at   night  on   a  seemed  to  be  sleeping  sonndly.     Don 

spot  deaignated  by  Don  Jos^  as  moat  Jose  had  followed  the  example  of  th« 

admirably   adapted    for    the   purpose,  rest,  so  br  as  position  was  concerned, 

The  Bravo  appeared  to  place  nnbound-  bat  he  had  not  the  aligbteat  idea  of 

ed  conQdence   in  the  jadgment  of  the  going  to  sleep.     He  lay  thinking  over 

eoarteous  Rancbeio,  and  agreed  to  hia  the  occurrences  of  the  day  ;  everything 

■election  without  any  hesilation.     The  had  worked  right ;  it  was  impossible  the 

apot  was  moat  excellently  well  chosen  Bravo  conld  have  any  snspioion,  for  ill 

for  a  night  surjsise.     It  was  a  small  his  Mexicans  had  been  bribed,  and  even 

open  spaea  on  the  bank  of  a  stream,  supposing  thev  had  only  pretended  to 

anrroandad  on  all  aides  by  a  dense  be  ao,  he  had  watched  them  olotely 

thicket.     The  Bravo  was    not   so  far  since  day-break,  and  it  was  i"  '■" 


gone,  that  he  did  not  take  wonderfully  that  any  intimation  of  the  plot  could 
good  oare  of  the  black  steed ;  and  At-  hare  been  conveyed  by  them  to  the 
varesmanaged,  with  all  his  staggering.  Bravo  without  his  witnessing  it,  for 
to  secare  the  pack  of  mules,  and  one  he  had  observed  them  carefully  ;  and 
or  two  horses,  remarkably  well  under  though  it  had  struck  his  crafly  mind  aa 
the  cireumslanoea.  singular  that  the  Bravo  should  be  ao 
The  supper  of  dried  beef  and  tortil-  reckless  as  to  get  dmok  when  he  knew 
las  over,  the  Bravo  grew  suddenly  he  was  surroanded  by  deadly  eaemiea, 
excessively  cautioua,  and  woald  not  yet  it  seemed  to  him  so  evident  that  he 
permit  a  fire  to  be  bnilt,  for  fear,  he  was  really  su,  that  his  suspicions  wers 
aaid,  "  theblaie  or  smoke  might  betray  entirelly  lulled.  He  felt  an  un account- 
as  to  Agitoae's  fellows ;  for,"  be  con-  able  propensity  for  sleeping,  which  ha 
tinned,  with  a  loud  laugh,  "I  rather  could  not  overcome,  and  consoling  him* 
.  think  I've  thrown  the  cowardly  sheep-  self  with  the  reflection  that  his  ^ienda 
thieves  off  the  trail  this  time."  Don  were  not  to  come  till  day-break,  and 
Jose  assented  most  heartily  to  this,  thatthere  was  plenty  of  time  for  a  riiort 
though  he  laughed  in  his  sleeve  as  he  nap,  he  gave  way  to  the  invincible  in- 
said  to  himaell — "  The  dmnken  fool  I  a  clinalion,  intending  to  wake  again  in  an 
blind  man  couldn't  mtss  the  trail  he's  hour  or  so.  A  profound  ailenoe  now 
made,  even  if  I  hadn't  seen  the  spies  reigned  over  the  camp  and  the  still 
following  us  all  day!"  The  drinking  snoring  figures  for  ao  hour  or  so,  and 
aow  commenced  again,  and  it  was  soon  the  wolves — for  there  was  no  sentinel 
announced  that  the  gourds  had  been  out — were  sneaking  round  the  death- 
emptied.     The   fellows,  who   had  be-  like  sleepers,  and  amelling  caatiooaly 


come  very  drunk  and  insolent,  were  at  their  noses  to  see  if  they  were  yet 
olamorons  for  more.  The  Bravo,  at  breathing;  but  when  one  of  them  faap- 
lasl,  and  seemingly  with  great  telae-    pened  to  try  this  experiment  mi  th»> 


^lOogle 


9M  ATaUaf  Ttxa*  Lift.  [SSi*. 

Bn*o,  he  BDdJRnly  boanded  wSdlj  oS;  Weateni  Texas.    The  Btmoaphan  k 

Bbajcing  his   h«ul.      The  Brsvo  rose  so  wonderTnllj  lucid  sod  dry,  tiiat   all 

r'ckly,  snd  g^ed  sAei  it  as  it  dashed  our  preconceptions  of  dietaace  are  aa- 

ongh  the  inooDlight,  at  averj  leap  nihilated.     A  deer,  a  tree,  or  any  ob- 

elawiog  with  iia  foie  paw  at  the  slump  jeet,  is  as  distiuctlj  defined  on  the 

«f  an  ear  that  had  l^en  sliced  off  by  retina  a  hslf-niile  oft,  as  it  nonld  faa  in 

his  dagger.     The  BiaTo  turned  with  a  out   mediura   at   eighty   paoea.      The 

sardooio  grin,  and  muttered,  "  Ah !  ha  1  bioad  radiant  face  of  a  full  mooB  kw^ 

Bj  fine  fellow,  yoa  will  not  be  the  only  almost,  [t  seemed,  in  reach  of  the  trsft- 

biler  that  is  bit  to-night!"      AWarez  tops,   pouring   such   floods  of  mdlow 

and  Joan  were  standing  alert  and  wide  light  upon  the  scene,  ss  brougfat  out  in 

awake  by  his  side.  "  Gome,  boys,  let's  perfect  relief  eren  the  thin  fibres  of  the 

be  qtiiok  1"    They  soon  had  the  money  grass,  the  white  ihorns  of  the  braad- 

npon  the.  pack-saddles  and  their  horses  leafed  cactus,  and  the  slim  siaiBB  of  die 

aqoipped,  all  but  saddling  the  ateed  of  frail  flowers. 

the  Bravo.  "  Shoot  the  man  with  his       Faint  peneillinga  of  a  stcenger  light 

kead  on  the  silTer-mounted  saddle,  is  were  just  begiauing  to  stnigf^e  dimly 

it !"    He  ehiickled,  as  he  took  up  the  through  the  forest-shoded  tin  ef  tM 

rich  saddle  his  own  head  had  been  rest-  eastern  horiion,  when  a  pany  of  dxMt 

mg  upon  and  replaced  the  saddle  which  uxtymen  might  have  beea  seeot  alow- 

J-uan  had  gently  taken  tram  under  the  ly  and  canliously  ereepiDg  towards  tin 

head  of  Bon  Jose,  with  it.    "  Bnt  that  camp,  npoa  the  aide  opposite  Is  ttal  on 

the  joke  is  too  good  to  lose  I  contdn't  whi^  the  Braro  and  bis  IHends  had 

■ffonl  to  leave  my  fine  aaddle  and  forego  loft  it.    It  is  a  proverb  of  ftoniier  tife, 

Ifae  pleasure  of  sriitting  the  rascal's  giz-  that  horses  and  men  both  sleep  most 

wrJ  myself!"  He  laughed  as  he  direw  profonndly  just  at  day-break,  and  tot 

tlkeaaddleofBonJosSuponthe" black,"  this  reason  that  hour  is  ^waysBVlMU 

and  leaped  into  it,    "  Keep  close  under  ed  for  a  enrprise  attsck.     TbMo  men 

the  bank,  boys,  and  hurry !"  he  said,  as  were  evidently  Mexicans,  as  oonld  be 

tfaey  started  the  pack  mules  with  their  8eeafromthebroad-brinimed,sogar>loBf  i 

BreoiouB  freight,  down  the  hill  into  the  sombreros,  which  shaded  dieir  tawsy  I 

led  of  the  stream  on  which  they  were  and  monstached    faces  ;  and  ss  thvf  I 

osmped.     "  Stop !  stop !"  said  Alvarez,  stooped,    and    crawled,    and    skulked  <' 

as  ibey  got  into  the  water, "  we  have  for-  among  the  budiee,  their  small  bhek 

BDttenmy  two  men  whoetood  by  me  so  eyes  gleaming  with   a  strong   anlffid 

&ithfnlly !    We  must  not  leave  them  to  light,  ihey  looked  the  very  ideal  of 

be  shal,  when  the  fellows  find  out  the  cowardly  and  trailoioua  asssseination. 

trick,  for  revenge !"    "  Go  back,  then,"  They  soon  reached  a  point  from  which 

said  the  Eravo,  carelessly,  "  and  draff  the  sleeping  flgnres  were  discernible. 

them  by  the  heels  into  the  thicket  and  TheyraiBedthemselvesquietlysroongst 

hide  them ;  you  needn't  be  afraid  Ihey  the  bushes,  and  looking  over    them, 

will  wake,  for  they  took  a  heavy  dose  of  could  clearly    distinguish   the   group, 

that  niperfiae  ^ondy  of  mine !"    Al-  "How!"  whispered  the  man  nearest 

varez  obeyed,  and  said,  when  he  and  the   lieutenant,  whose   quick  eye   had  i 

Juan  returned,  after  an  absence  of  a  detected  that  all  were  not  there  who  . ' 

few    minutes,   "  I've    hid   'em   where  had  made  up  the  party  during  ^e  day,  I 

they'll  be  out  of  harm's  way  when  ihey  — "Howl     they  are  not    all    there!  I 

wake !"     "  That's    more    than    those  where  are   the  rest  V     "  All   there,"  | 

Jolly  '  yellow   bullies '  will   ever   do  !  said   the   lieutenant,   "  that  are  to  be 

Crane,  let's  be  off  I"  said  the  Bravo.  shot  I  the  rest  are  in  the  bushes  out  of 

.    It  is  impossible  for  us,  of  the  misty  the   way  !    See,   there  is   the    silver-  ' 

North,  to  realiae  the  clear   brilliancy  monnted   saddle  I* — remember,  men !" 

«f  moonlight  on  the  elevated  prairies  of  said  he,   elevating  his  voice,    as    he 

'  It  will  be  well  to  eiplsln  here,  thai  the  Mexican  laddle  is  altogelher  unlike  our 
own.  They  are  very  deep  in  the  seel,  the  bow  and  puoimel  at  least  Biiiaehes  in  height, 
and  senetimes  plstsd  with  ttom  fifty  to  liit;  ounces  of  lilver.  I  have  seen  saddlee 
of  Heiiean  esvalry  offien?,  that  had  a  hundred  dollars'  worth  of  silver  spread  over 
them  in  tUek  broad  ptatei,  with  no  sort  of  chsiiag  on  them.  Tbe  white  melal  is 
vahied  as  a  national  ornament,  and  as  their  horse  fUmitnre  is  much  easier  than  onrSi 
and hetteriaitedlbr  managing  tbe  wild  muMaags,  Amerksn  froatietsmea  greatly  ^ 
pntw  it,  and  will  have  it,  whether  by  fair  means  or  bloody  I  C      0 1^  O  I P 


1M4.]  A  Ftaytr.  U» 

tnnwd  to  his  namftaj,  wbiitt  hia  finger  simpleat  thiog  in  ibe  «orU !     Eveo  a 

pointed  tt  Don  Soik — "jod    ftre  to  Hexisan  is  capable  of  gratitadel  JnmB 

■hoot  all !  but  be  ture  jon  shoot  that  is  not  tbe  fellow'a  name  1      Hare   yoa 

mao  with  hii  head  on  the  BiKer-maant-  forgotten  that  famous  knave  Goncales 

ed  caddie ! — Fira."     There  wsa   tbe  you  ordered  to  be  ahoi  one  morning, 

long  rolling   fite    of  the  platoon,  and  abonl  two  years  ago,  for  stealing  you 

tbay  all  ■prsng  forward.     "  Oariaho !  farorite  aonel,  aod  whoM  life  I  took  * 

wg  haTe  killed   Don    Joai,   and   Iha  fancy  to  saTe,   beoaoM   be  made  ■■ 

BiaTo  and  the  moDey  are  gone!"  roar-  impudent  laoa  at  os,  while  we  wet* 

ed  out  the  lieutenant.     "There's  no-  leTelliag  otu  gnna  to  firs   at  faimt" 

tiling  here  but  the  filthy  carcaMes  of  "  Yes !  in  it  pesaibte  that  this  is  tb* 

those  eura  of  Bexar  fot  our  pains  !"  aame?"     "  This  is  Gonaalee,  and  be'» 

Two  nights  after  these  occurrences,  given  his  booI  to  me.    I  look  tke  oAsr 

tbe  yi'^DB   Ameiicans   of  Bexar    met  four  along  for  the  express  purpoM  of 

for  a  grand  oatouse,  in  honor  of  the  getting  them  killed ;  aa  they  ate  out  «f 

nfe  retnrn  of  the   Bravo    with    the  Ibe  way  now,  may  be  my  black  hoiM 

money  of  Navarro.     The  Bravo  bad  wilt  bo  safe.     I  knew  1  shouldn't  b« 

jnat  finished  tbe  relation  of  the  inci-  able  to  keep  faim  three  weeks,  vriiila 

dents  we  have  narrated  up  to  the  time  those  thieving  wooDdrels  were  alive !" 

of  bis  leaving  the  camp,  and  the  bsarty  "  Good !  Bravo,  von  deserve  a  vote  «f 

tnirat  of  langhter  which  had    followed  thanks  from  ns  ail — under  tbe  shadow 

tbe  Bravo's  affectionate  leave-taking,  of  your  black  eteed,  our   borMB  wilt 

of  "  Pleasant  dreams   to    the   honest  now  be  safe !"      Tbe  vote  of  thanks 

D(H)Jos6'."    had   somewhat   subsided,  was  formsllj  drawn  np  and  preaoDtod  t 

when  Haye  remarked,  "But,  Biavo!  and  alongwith  it  came  a  splendid  mIvot- 

I  don't  understand  how  yon  have  ma-  mounted   saddle,  that  did  honor  to  dta 

nagod  to  make  so  useful  and  faithful  a  glossy  back  of  even  "  the  eoal-blaok 

servant  out  of  that  uotorioua  drunkard,  steed." 
thief  and  vlUaia,  Juan!"     "Oh!  tbo 


A  PRAYER, 
■e.    c.    E.    pa    PONTB. 


Wt  ABT  of  earth,  and  tossed 
Amid  the  storms  which  ever  break  my  way. 
Thou,  who  canst  aave  tbe  weary  and  the  loot, 
Ob,  hear  me  pray ! 

Weary  of  ^me,  which  hrings        ' 
Little  of  eonvfoTt  to  my  bosom  now, 
FeeUe  and  worn,  to  tfaee  my  spirit  clings — 
To  thee  I  bow. 


And  deep  the  grief  that  agitates  my  life, 
Beymd  oontioL 

For  me,  joy  eomes  no  more ; 
Earth  cannot  sootbe,  for  life  cac  nothing  give,-- 
Take  me,  then,  father,  to  that  mighty  shore, — 
For  thee  I'll  live  ! 

Waloh  me  where'er  I  go. 
Guide  thou  my  footstepa  through  this  valley  dreai. 
Father !  I  weep,  with  more  than  mortal  wo. 
But  yet  can  bear ! 


=1  Google 


Monthly  Fitumdal  and  Commetxial  Ariieh. 


MONTHLY  FINANCIAL  AND  COMMEBCIAL  ARTICLE. 


This  it  the  dal)  Maam  of  th«  year  in  a  der  Buch  reBtiictiooa,  bo  profit  to  bira. 
eommeTcial  point  of  view,  ana  the  oc-  It  odIj  redaoei  the  expenditure  of  ths 
cnneDCGi  are  ieldom  woitb;  of  extend-  other  clasBBB,  nhMe  pToductioiie  ara 
ed  remark.  It  is  the  season  of  faarTest  pioiected  from  a  aimilar  influence  by 
in  the  interior,  and  that  important  erent  the  operation  of  tawa,  prohibiting  anp. 
engagcB  the  attention  of  [bur-fifths  of  pliea  from  without.  To  what  purpoae 
the  active  population  of  the  United  is  it  that  money  is  a  drug  ou  the  aea 
Statea  antil  it  is  sncceaafulljt  ended,  board,  that  t3S,000,000  in  gcddliea  idle 
Soimportant  a  portion  of  tbecomninni-  in  the  vaults  of  the  Atlantic  Bonks, 
tj  is  the  agricnltuTal  class,  that  when  with  money  at  3|  n  4  per  cent,  while  the 
toeir  attention  is  confined  to  their  im-  weat  is  wilhont  a  ourren'ry  i  The  in- 
mediate  concerns,  a  atagnation  mna  tenor  States  have  abnndanee  of  pro- 
tiiroughall  the  channels  of  buBinessun-  duce,  and  the  Atlantic  have  a  plentifbl 
til  the  intfircouTse  of  the  fanner  with  supply  of  moKey,  but  no  exchange 
the  city  ia  again  resumed.  Thia  year  takes  place,  llie  holder  of  money 
K  bounteous  providence  has  bestowed  does  not  part  with  it  for  the  purchase 
nMre  than  uBoal  abundance  upon  the  of  produce  he  cannot  use.  No  raattei 
fiimer  as  the  reward  of  his  toil.  In  how  great  soever  may  be  the  west- 
aJl  eectiona  there  are  indications  that  em  vant  of  money  they  cannot  pro- 
tfae  prolific  yield  of  former  years  will  cure  it,  because  that  which  they  have 
be  exceeded  by  the  teeming  productions  to  offer  will  not  find  sale  in  markets  al- 
of  the  present.  While,  however,  the  ready  glutted  with  aitnilar  products  of 
indoatiT  of  the  individual  has  been  as-  the  more  adjacent  States.  ForeisR 
stated  by  a  favorable  season,  and  the  countries  indeed  might  purchase  the 
quantities  of  produce  are  ao  large,  the  produce,  but  our  wise  legislature  has 
markets  for  the  sale  and  consumption  forbidden  anything  to  be  returned  in. 
of  that  produce,  so  far  from  being  ex-  payment.  The  wants  of  the  manufac- 
tended  in  any  degree  proportionate,  turers  are  aupplied  long  before  the  pr»- 
iMve,  t^  nnequal  and  nnjust  tawa  sane-  duce  of  the  west  reaches  market,  and 
tioned  in  their  operation,  been  confined  ita  appearance  is  only  the  signal  for  a 
.  within  leas  than  their  former  limits,  general  fall  in  prices,  without  inducing 
Oieat  aa  has  been  the  yield  of  the  salea,  If  there  were  a  comparatively 
earth,  the  hopes  of  the  nrmer  ha*e  free  foreign  market,  the  money  idle  on 
been  cut  short  by  partiaJ  legislation,  the  Atlantic  border  would  spread  itself 
Confined  within  the  narrow  aphere  of  over  the  iotsrior  in  the  purchase  of 
a  few  manafactnrers,  bis  market  al-  produce  for  shipment.  The  proceeds 
lows  not  of  an  advance  in  price,  or  even  of  the  shipments  would  be  returned  ia 
of  sustaining  the  former  ones.  The  goods,  and,  resold  to  the  interior,  be- 
months  of  the  mannftetnrera  may  be  oome  the  medium  of  fresh  paiehaaes  of 
numbered,  and  their  wants  estimated  to  produce.  This  operation  is  now  barred 
X  nicety.  Like  the  consomption  of  the  by  the  prohibition  put  upon  the  import 
wmy  and  navy,  their  supplies  may  be  of  foreign  goods,  and  the  result  is  a 
made  by  contract,  and  anar  the  fulfil-  useless  accumulation  of  money,  attend* 
mant  of  that  contract,  every  bushel  of  ed  by  the  unusual  apeotacle  of  low 
wheat  or  pound  of  pork  added  to  the  and  falling  prices.  Tne  following  re* 
storee  of  the  fiirmer,  ia  a  sotplus  which  turns  of  the  condition  of  the  Banks  of 
lias  no  other  tendency  than  to  sink  the  New  York  give  an  indication  of  tha 
money  value  of  the  whole.  An  in-  elate  of  buainess. 
cremaed  production  is  to  the  farmer,  nn- 


lizcdbyGoOl^Ic 


1844.] 


^6mtUf  Finaneial  and  Commereial  ArtieU. 


rax 

Ttbntn. 

6216^,119 

AofUL 

Difooiint,       .        -        - 

»53,26T,I30 

68,444,293 

64,484,928 

Do.  to  Direclon, 

4,537,536 

4,330,425 

4,355,364 

4;328>CS 

Do.  to  Broken,   - 

3,709,493 

2,644,044 

3,136,585 

2,832,039 

Beile«Ute,    - 

4,081,636 

4,072,661 

4,008,961 

3,972,60/ 

3,772,037 

3,750,764 

3,521,239 

3,282,724 

Stock!  ud  noks,    - 

11,6«B,31I 

11,062,468 

10,362^ 

10,848,211 

Dne  from  direeton  olhei 

th&D  l0UL^              -           - 

48,084 

30,838 

26^26 

28,428 

Doe  from  broken  olber 

tluui  louu. 

810,160 

825,360 

663,317 

509,078 

amkfund,     -        .        . 

389.382 

335,101 

341,361 

317,701 

Lou  and  eipenMi 

639,238 

680,360 

666,891 

667,487 

OTerdiaAt,     -        -        . 

105,947 

106,913 

156,709 

102,433 

Specie,   -        -        -        . 
C«sh  items,    - 

11,502,789 

10,086,512 

9,455,161 

10,191,974 

3,102,856 

4,502,479 

5,999,962 

4,916,862 

BiUs  of  Banks, 

4,033,105 

!^275,172 

3,148,421 

2,511,326 

228,951 

233,025 

228,500 

230,783 

Dne  from  bank.,     -        . 

9,700,629 

10,266,709 

8,816,691 

8,358,804 

Add  for  cent*, 

438 

498 

488 

924 

UAOaU, 

$111,614,722 

113,636,652 

117,666,604 

117,362,775 

Opit.1,         -     '.       . 

43,369,152 

43;649,887 

43,462,311 

43,443,006 

Profiti,  .... 

4,164Ji64 

5,768,082 

3,989,472 

4,061,233 

Cirtulalkm,    -       -       - 

8,227,930 

3,146,160 

1,943,022 

1,437,936 

Do.  regiiter. 

11,985,171 

13,189,221 

16,421,309 

16,663,388 

Doe  the  Slate, 

966,198 

927,289 

643,983 

760;49a 

CaoalfuTuI,    - 

1,157,203 

1,483,843 

1,506,167 

1,210,794 

?*ri*°?'  •    •    - 

27.389,160 

29,026,415 

30,742,289 

28,757,122 

IndiTatitls,    - 

587,781 

592,038 

612,926 

726,654 

BaiJ[>,   -        -        •        - 

14,642,143 

15,610,554 

15,467,494 

16,102,922 

Treasarer  U.  S. 

1,645.320 

1,683,551 

2,238,083 

3,674,171 

Other  items,  -       -       - 

605;270 
$111,614,722 

489,592 

628;692 

616,166 

113,636,662 

117,656,604 

117,362,776 

TheM  letonta  show  »  reir  coneid-  yanlta.    The  immediate  liabilitiei  imd 

arable  extension  of  businoaa  during  tbe  meana   of  the   inBlitalions  on  the  Itt 

jear,  aa  ii  nataral  when  favorable  ex-  August,  aa  compared  with  the  let  tit 

changes  hive  for  so  long  a  time  retain-  November,  1843,  are  aa  followa : 
ed  a  large  amount  of  specie  in  iha 


To  United  Stale* 1,645,320  3,674,171                2^)28,851 

Depositioui 27,389,168  28,757,122                  1,368JW8 

Canal  Fond 1,157,203  1,210,794                    63,691 

Nelt  circnlstion 12,962,066  15,349,206                  2,397,160 

Bahuiee  due  banks. . . .     4,941,614  7,744,118                  2,802,604 

Totd $48,085,252  $56,736,4 10                $8,650,268 

%ecie 11,502,789  10,191,974 

Caah  items 3,102,866  4,916,862 

Total $14,605,646  $16,108,836                    603,191 

Loan* 61,614,129  71,643,929                10,129,800 

Tbia  reanll  giTM  %  pret^  rapid  ex-  It  is  a  Temarkable  fact  that  a  rerola- 

teneion,  and  cairie*   tlie  oank  loans  lion  Bcema    to  be  going    on    in    iba 

higher  than  they  have  been  since  the  eurreneies  of  Eogland  and  Amerioa, 

aQspenaion,  and  within  eight  milllona  of  and  that  the  paper  sjatem  haTins  ia  "*                 I 

tita  highest  point  thej  erer  reached.  1830-7  reached  its  xenith  throogEoHt^i OOQ  I C 


31S                       MontMy  Faunei^l  gad  Commercial  Article.  [SapU 

th^  eOBiBfirei&l  world,  ia  now  oo  ita  iMopiniooia  Mt  agsinat  tbe  oiettionof 

wane.    In  s  fonaer  number  we  made  newlocal  banks.or  of  ^lowin^tbemaD 

■ome  reniarka  upon  the  change  which  extended  paper  credit  circokuon.  The 

baa  been  wrought  in  the   cucrencjr  of  paper  of  the  banka  which  hae  been  iik 

JBngUnd  by  the  hill  Te-charleting  the  ciccnlation  during  the  put   year   ha» 

Bank.     The  bill  as  then  deeoribt^  has  been  lar  leas  than  the  specie  h«td  by 

Become  a  law,  with  Bome  small  nodifi-  the  iaatitutiooi,  showing  that  the  oper- 

oation.     The  circulation  of  the  Joint  ation  of  the  banlts  baa  been  under  tha 

Stock  Banks,  ioatead  of  being  limited  cash  eystem  of  businoia  to  diminish 

to  the  average  of  the  last  three  yeare,  ralher  than  to  increase  the  cuneoay ;. 

is   restricted    to   thaX   for    the    three  and   that  the  geueial   ciicnlatioB  has 

months  ending  April,  1841,  a  change  aotnally  been   lea*    in    volume    ih^ 

which    adds  some    iCeoOgOOO  to  the  wooldhare  been  the  case  bad  theia 

eonntry  circntation   allowed  to  be  out-  been  no  banks  in  exiateeee.     NotwiA* 

•landing  at  any  one  time.     The  Bank  eCandine  this,  money  has  never  been 

ia  also  allowed  to  issne  bills  on  silver  to  more   plenty   or  the  eichaoges   morft 

the  extent  of  one-fourth  of  the  gold  on  eaailj  effected.    The  amooni  of  bnsi- 

haod,    that   ia,   if   there   is    in  Bank  ness  done  this  year  is  admitted  to  have 

jC4,DOO,000  of  gold,   and  j£l,OOO,000  been   larger,  both  import  and  export, 

of  silver,  the  Bank  may  issue, dollar  for  than  for  several  years  previously,  yet 

dollar,  :CS,009,000  in   bills.     If,  bow-  money  bascontinued  cheaper  ibanever 

evar,  the  gold  should  be  diminished,  before  experienced  in  this  country  for 

the  cireulation  baaed  on  silver  must  be  the  same  length  of  time.    Large  quan- 

called  in,  in  the  same  proportion,  even  titles  of  produce   of  tXi    descriptions 

ahhongh  the  quantity  of  that  metal  in  have  fouod  their  way  to  market,  and 

Bank  ehonld  actoally  remain  the  same,  sales  of  domestic  and  imported  goods 

The  eorrency  of  England  is  therefore  have  been  made  to  an  extent  nearly 

to  be  entirely  governed  by  the  quantity  equal  to  that  of  any  former  years.  The 

of  gold,  to  rise  with  its  influx  and  de-  purchases  of  the  goods  have  been  for 

creaee  with  its  departure,  being  to  all  the  most  part  made  for  cash,  or  the  re- 

iotenta  and  purposes  a  specie  currency,  mittance    of    individual     bills    drawn 

lathe  United  States  the  currency  la  against  produee  sent  to  market.   At  all 

9fiA  bss  been  for  a  long  time  on  a  specie  points  of  the  interior  these  latter  have 

level,  and  will  for  a  long  time  continue  been   plenty   and   easily    procured   at 

■Oi  not  Uiroagh  the  action  of  any  spe-  rates  mora  uniformly  low  than  ever  be- 

mfiC'law  but  through  thee&ct  of  pub-  hut.     They  fot^a  the  great  and  tegiti- 

ho  opnioo,  which,  taught  by  the  dia-  mate  paper  system  of  the  coantry.     It 

,  frauds  and  oormption  of  the  is  through  their  means  that  the  valno 


past  few  years,  has  not  only  declared  of  produce  sent  to  market  is  carried 
kaetf  aninst  the  eat»bljshment  of  a  hack  cheaply  and  profitably  to  the  pro- 
natienaf  bask,  but  has  in  many  of  the    ducera.    Theee  individual  bills  are  al- 


1  Bubverted  those  of  a  local  char-  ways  more  sound  in  their  oharacter, 

aoter.    How  strenuous  soever  maybe  more    uniform    in     their    value    and 

the  exartioas  of  those  who  pant  for  cheaper  in  price  where  there  are  no 

snotber  season  of  riotove  speculation  banks,  than  where  iheae  corporate  in- 

imder  favor  of  a  national  institution,  efiluticna  exist.     Thia  arises  from  the 

ttere  is  very  little  chance  of  the  eatah-  fact  that  these  institutiona  make  the 

lishment  of  a  bank,  at  least  during  the  sound  businasa  paper  of  their  section 

present  geneiatiob.    The  ruin  attend-  the  basis  of  a  supersiracture  of  paper 

lag   those  who  put  their  trust  in  the  credits  of  their  own,  which  frequently 

Im  Bank  has  been  too  complete  and  leads  to  the  multiplication  of  fictitious 

too  recent  to  allow  of  new  subscrip-  bills  of  exchange,  or  those  drawn  not 

timiB  to  a  similar  concern  on  this  side  against  produm  bat  against  credits, 

of  the  Atlantic.    The  utter  loss  which  On  this  eobject  we  may  take  the  eri- 

involved  the  (20,000,000  of  stock  in  dence    of  a  western    bank  before  a                       ^ 

that   Bank   owned   abroad,  will  efiec-  legisUtivecommittee  of  recent  date,aa 

tually  prevent  a  speedy  revival  of  any  foflows  : — 

dispoaition   among    foreigners    to    as-  "ft  Uflmrt  to  emidoy  two-third,  of  the 

■ist  lo  the  xe-creation  of  another  bank  flmd*  ofa  Bank  of  dreelalion  in  the  dis. 

u  the  United  SUtes,  greatly  as  anch  an  count  of  notes,  and  one-thiid  U  the  pap- 

Wstiintton  IS  known  to  (avor  foreign  in-  chase  of  bills  ot  ezchaanc.    The  leading-, 

tereata.  In  nearly  all  the  States,  popa-  motive  to  the  exchange  busineia,  UtU      OOolp 


IS44.]  MimMy  Finaaciol  mai  Cmmunial  Arttelt. 


B  of  the  ciNlamen  of  the  apiftUer  channeli  of  cininhtion  klwava 

Buk,  ind  Iba  obUiinQg  the  neaat  of  nftces  for  the  reuil  tnde.     Honer  in 

NiDUiDiDg    an    MUarged    circnhtion.  Engkod  for  more  than  one  jear  haa 

■When  a  hmnk  a  located  at  a  iliipp>DK  been  1 1  to  2  per  cent,  and  •80,000,000  in 

and  cotooerual  point,  or  at  a  manufac-  ^^  t,„  j^j^  undi,[u,bed  in  the  bank 

tariDg  point,  we  find  the  exporting  and  ,^,        ^^Ua  the  groaa  circulation  of 

unDOTliDE  mercbanta,  aad  manufaciurert,  ,.  "     '    ,-.  ,.   "■=  b'™  >-'"-"'"'"'u  ui 

coated  allho^rpoinu.  are  the  p«^  ^™ ''lf:"hi.h'™™"iW°L*A''Tf 

Mn«  who  borrow  our  mraej  and  *ell  bilU.  "".OW*  ■  «  i^'^'f  h  mote  than  one- h^ 

"ThefarniersafenolawallrborrDwer*  has  Jain  idle  in  the  bands  of  the  bank- 

ftom  banks  and  hare  onlj  applied  to  «»■     This  of  itaelf  la   iufficient   eTi- 

bankgineaseoreinei^eoeTi  aianexcep-  dence  that  the  amoont  of  coin  in  Great 

tion  to  thii  general  rale  peraou  ia  the  Britain   ia,   with   the  regnlar   bills   of 

immeditte  vicinity  of  the  bankt  have  been  indiTiduale,  amply  auSicient  for  all  the 

drawn  in  ai  endoraen  and  been  compelled  wants  of  buaiaeaa     When,  however,  the 

to  autime  debli."  amount  bortowed  for  purpoeea  of  Bpec- 
□lation  and  works  of  inproTemeiit  ia 

Theee  discotints   of  notes   to   mer-  greatly  increased,  the  demand  for  moa- 

ohantafotmfor  the  most  part  the  nieana  ey  swells  to  meet  the  paper  outetand- 

of  puTcbasing  goods  from  abroad,  and  ing  which  was  represented  by  no  gooda 

according  to  their  extent  those  purcha-  or  produce  or  an;  valuable  coTpmodity; 


)«willexceed,orotfaerwiaeitheainouiit  aa for  instance  in   1630,  all  the  loana 

of  the  exports.     Bj  the  increase  of  the  dne  banks  by  the  people  of  the  United 

cnirency  of  any  one   section  through  Stales,    amounted    to   1 800,4SI,214. 

the  extended  circulation  of  the  Banks,  These  loans,  payable  at  an  averaga  of 

not  the  smallest  facility  is  afforded  for  three  montha,  repreaented  a  demand  for 

the  saJeof  theprodiiceahipped,nor can  monej[  to  meet  them  to  that  extent, 

its  quantity  in  any  degree  De  increased.  Thia  indebtedneas  gradually,  however. 

The  only  result  ia  that  the  atockholdera  increased,  until,   in    1837,  the  amonot 

of  the  institations  derire  a  profit  from  was  tSS&,116,70S.     Here  was  an  in- 

the  circulation  of  their  promises  in  ex-  creaaed  quarterly  demand  for  money  to 

diange  for  bills,insteadof  the  eonstitn-  the  extent  of  t38&,000,000 ;  an  enor- 

tionsl  currency.     ItbasbeenafaTorits  mous    sum.     This   money,    or  rather 

■rgoment  with  the  adrocatea  of  a  na-  credits,  had    been    obtained   from  thtt 

tioaal  paper  currency  that  there  is  not  banks  and  expended  in  tiDproductive 

a  sufficiency  of  coin  in  the  world  to  operationa.      It   was   not   invested  in 

tnosact  its  commercial  bnsineas,  and  produce  which  coold  be  sent  out  of  tha 

tbat  without  the  aid  of  Bank  paper  countir  and  exchanged  for  money  to 

bnsinesa  must  stand  atill.    Thia  falla-  meet  tnoae  obligations  as  they  matored. 

ey  ia  as  great  aa  it  haa  been  general,  It  had  been  diabursed  for  goods  Uiat 

bMng  the  Tsry  reTerse  of  tb«  troth,  were  coaaaBied  and  in  labor  perfonned 

Wiibont  banks   money  would  never  on  worka  bringing  do  returns,  or  loat 

become  scares,  bat  would  always  coor  in  epeenlations.      Hence  money  first 

tinne  as  cheap  and  abundant  aa  tt  has  beoaroe  very  scarce,  and  its  value  very 

been  in  the  United  States  and  England  high,  and  finally  could  not  be  obtained 

during  Uie  paralvsis  that  has  overtaken  at  all  to  an  extent  anythinf^  Uke  ^n>< 

banking  in  the  last  few  yeara.    Aa  a  portionate  ta  the  outstanding  obliga- 

senersT  rule  the  supply  of  aotnal  money  tions.   It  wi>8  not,  however,  that  money 

Uuooghont  the  world  alwaya  remaiiis  was   scarce,   hut   that  the  number  of     -. 

Teiy  nearlj  the  same.    Hence  its  value  illegitimate  bonowen  was  iiMrdinately 

TBTies  with  the  demand  for  it.     The  larse. 

demand  is  never  increased  by  an  en-       The  snpplv  of  goldapoatbemaricel* 

baneement  of  tixe  qnantity  or  vake  of  of  the  worM  is  beooniiw  greatly  ■■• 

|«oda  actnalW  to  be  eiehsnced,  be-  creased  from  the  nines  of  Rasaia,  pr«- 

eaoae  ike  exenange  of  the  goods  aettlea  baUy  to  aa  extent  in  exeeas  of  the  aa- 

the  aeeoant,  frequently  wiuiont  the  in-  neal  coBsnmption.     For  a  long  period 

terventioDof  money  at  all.    Produceis  the  mines  of  Russia  have  been  very 

sent  to  market  and  the  amount  returned  productive.     The  averare   produotion 

in  goods  to    producers    through   the  of  the  preciona  metals  for  five  years, 

agency  of  individual  bills,  and  the  ac-  endin^r  in  1839,  and  the  value  for  tha 

count  ia  dosed.     The  constitutional  year  183Q,  were  given  officially  as  fol- 

oiuiancy  rapidly  changing  hands  in  the  lows : —  .^  . 

Coogle 


3U  Ifett  Booltt.  [Sept. 

Annt*  to  1831  UM. 

Poodi.  llH.  vtim. 

Gold,         -        350  11,000  e5,14!i,(100  £G;S10,S88 

Plali(|l^      ■        no  4,400  363,000  660,600 

Bilver,        -     1,260  &O,O00  1^,000  1,357^ 

.CircQDastonceshsre  of  I&te  sofkr  in-  afthAnuBea  of  Amarioa,  vis.,  to  df- 

oraued  tb«  production  of  gold,  that  the  tniDiah    the    relative    value    of   gold 

value  obtsuied  frora  the  mines  for  1S43,  throughout  the  world.     The  effect  up- 

IB  on  high  authority  ri.tad  at  £4,000,-  oa  thia  country  will  be  neceasarily  to 

000,419,300,000.     The  mines  are  for  uaiat  the  operation  of  the  gold  bill 

tbe    most   part   aitnated   in   the    Ural  of    1834,    which   raised    the   relative 

mountaioB,  and  are  worked  bj  aerf  la-  value   of  gold   and   ailver.      The   old 

bor,  with  the  applicatioa  of  fire  instead  eatimate  of  the  value  of  gold  to  sil- 

of  the  more  expensive  use  of  quicbsil-  ver,    15   to    I,  vraa   found   too  low  at 

TOr.    The  application  of  increaaed  la-  the  market  value.     This  operated  to 

bor,  in  conaequence  of  the  decaj  of  the  restrain  the  circulation  of  gold,  and  to 

export  of  other  Russian  Btaplea,  has  cause  ita  export  to   Europe   as  being 

been  given  as  a  reason  for  tbe  increas-  more  valnable  than  silver.     A  remedy 

ed  quaotitiea  produced.    Thiaaccumu-  for  this  evil  had  been  sought  for  a  long 

lation  of  gold  ia  now  begun  to  be  "  scat-  period.     At  len^h,  in  1834,  ^e  value 

tered  abroad"  by  the  inovement  of  the  of  gold  was  raised  to   16  to  1,  ainoe 

Ruseiaa  government.    This  year  alrea-  when   the   coinage  and   circulation  of 

dy  near  £3,000,000  haa  been  received  gold   has   been  constantly  on  the   in- 

in  London   and   Germany    from    that  crease.     The  sapply  of  gold  from  Rus- 

aource.      This   increased   supply   will  aia   is  likely  to  decrease   its  value  in 

have,doubt!eBs,simultaneously  with  the  proportion  to  that  ofsilver,  and  enhance 

receipt  of  quicksilver  from  China,  an  the  Row  of  gold  to  this  continent,  ren- 

eSect  similar  to  that  produced  on  the  deting  the  excuse  for  the  use  of  bank 

markets  of  the  world  bj  the  discovery  promises  far  less  available. 


NEW  BOOKS. 

Euat/t  m  At  Prineiplu  of  Moralily,  and  ni  is  eiceediDgly  neat  and   eonrenient, 

OB  Oit  Privatt  and  Political  righti  and  aad  we  tnist  il  may  soon  find  its  way  into 

Migation$  of  Mankind.    By  Jokathah  every  library,  and  its  precepts  into  every 

DvMOND,   kj:.     New  York  i    Collins,  heart  in  our  land. 
Brother  &.  Co.,  2M  Pearl  Street.    1844. 

Thodqh  this  work  is,  in   a  seuse,  lets 

profound  and  analytical  tbao  many  of  the 

treatiies  upon  Ethics  which  have  been  Mida;  orTovmatudComilry,   BytiieAn- 

poblished  since  its  first  appearance,  jet,  tborof" AUeo  Preicott."    HewTorici 

ve  doubt  whether  it  has  not  contribated  Henry  O.   Langley,   8  Astor  House. 

more  than  them  aU,  to  quicken  that  sense  1844. 

aaong  men,  by  which   they  djstingniah 

and  appreciate  the   difference  between  It  would  not  do  to  mar  the  pleasure  <tf 

Eight  and  wrong.    It  is  writtei  in  n  clear  any  one  who  has  not  read  this  work,  by 

honest,  and  nnpretendios  style,  by  one  of  telling   ita    plan    and   (UttoMmmf.    We 

Aemoftconscieotiontoien  that  ever  lived,  have,  indeed,  heard  of  some  persons  who 

Aod  the  iDfinile  variety    of  casuistical  make  a  point  of  always  leaioiig  the  plot 

Snestions  wbich  the  author  has  raised  and  ofa  novel  before  reading  it,  so  that  their 

tsposed  of,  and  tbe  marvelloni  ingenuity  judgments  may  not  be  carried  amy  by  an 

which  in  their  discnssion  he  takes  occi-  excited  intereit  in  the  story ;  but,  for  onr 

*ion  to  exhibit,  leave  us  in  doubt  which  part,  we  tbink  tbat  half  one's  satisthctittt 

noot  to  admire,  the  head  or  the  heart  of  u  a  work  of  fletioD  is  lost,  if  one  is  not 

this  worthy  Quaker,    The  edition  belbre  left  the  privilege  of  woadaing,      ■'- 


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1844.]                                         JVeu  Booh:  315 

pairli^,  Bod  hofdng  ftlong  with  (be  hero  ue  fonnd  aot  at  «n  incoDciiteat  vitb  the 

at  heraine.    We  tnut  we  ihall   oerer  chaneter  of  a  democratic  BentleVoman. 

bave  come  to  mch  a  paai  of  criiicinn,  aa  Tbe  object  of  the  book  wems  to  be  to 

thoi  to  pul  poor  faner  ander  an  inj  uno  proTe,  from  tbe  example  of  New  England, 

tion,  and  tr;  her  ss  if  the  were  a  tiUe  to  what  repnUican  iatiiintjoat  are  capable* 

properly.     Of  the    plot  of  "  Alida,"  it  oi  iccomplishiag.     Mrs.  Sedgwick  ibowi 

will  be  lafficieot,  Ihea,  to  say  that  the  ,  aa  that,  at  the  eastward,  there  are  perfe^ 

itorris  veil  told,  and  its  inleregtinttained  limplicitj  aod  eqoalilj  of  mannen,  wilfr- 

until  the  very  conclusion.     We  warmi)'  out  rndeneas  or  vnlf^itj';  that  education 

eommesd  the  boolc  to  (he  reader*  of  thi«  ia  uniTcrral  Iher^  but  it  haa  not  rendered 

Beview,  and  are  quite  sure  that  none  of  labor  a  di^race;  tbai  tbe  poor  and  the 

them  will  regret  acting  upon  our  com-  rich,  who  have  rat  aide  by  aide  upon  the 

tneadation.  same  form*  at  aehool,  do  nol  loae  ia  after 

The  chief  merit  of  "Alida"  ii  ita  nato-  days  the  eqaalilT  of  their  childhood)  for 

ndnesa.     There  ara^ao  pauioni  here  torn  though,  of  coone,  the  want*  of  the  one 

into  ahredsj  no  terrible  emergeuciesi  no  nay  render  it  necefrary  for  them  to  min- 

miracalons  interpositions;  and  this  ia  pre-  ister  by  their  lerTiceito  tbe  wisha  of  the 

ciself  tbe  reason  that  to  ut  it  is  the  more  other,  they  do  not  in  this  Iom  their  i&de- 

ioleresting.    The  gross  eiaggeralion,  the  pcndence — their  right  to  be  treated  with 

tinsel,  the  mocif  tbnnder  and  lightning,  consideration   and  retpeet.     "  Alida,"  a 

with  which  novels  generally,  more  espe-  haughty  belle,  with  aU  the  accompliih- 

cially    of  the   continental    schools,   are  meats  of  city  education,  ia  made  to  find  in 

worked  ap,  serve  only  to  eoalinoally  re-  sach  astateofsocietyaslhii, that, though 

mind  us  that  we  are  reading  mere  fietioiu.  there  maybe  lets  polish  than  the  has  been 

We  cannot  by  any  posaibilily  delude  oor-  Beca»tomed  to,  there  is  QOI  the  less  feel- 

•elTcs  into  the  idea  of  reality.    They  are  iog ;  that  though  her  village  friends  may 

erer  takii^  that  one  short  step  between  be  less  ahowy  than  her  city  visitors,  they 

theBablimeand  theridicnlons, — ever,  like  perhaps  have  greatlythe  advantage  of  tb em 

ranting  actors,  turning  their  tragedy  into  in  what  is  of  far  more  importance  tbaa 

a  farce.    But  here  we  are  able  to  yield  manner  and  appearance, 

ourselves  np  to  a  pleaiant  delusion,  and  We  hope  that  this  book  will  be  eiten- 

need  not  think  that  Alida  and  Lizzy  are  sively  read  in  England,  where  the  simpli- 

not  actual  existences,  antil  we  come  to  city  of  our  conntry  maonerv  is  entirely 

iktjinaU.    And  oot  only  ■  re  all  the  loci-  misnuderatood.    Mrs.Sedgwick  will  teach 

dents  of  Mrs.  Sedgwick's  book  perfectly  those  wbo  laugh  and  sneer  at  the  kind 

probable,  but  its  tralhfalDess  is  confirmed  term  '■  help,"  as  applied  to  domestics  in 

by  that  natnral  admixture  of  fault  in  the  some  parts  of  the  United  Slates,  that  it  in 

persons  for  whom  our  affections  are  elicit'  fact  indicates  a  better  condition  of  civili- 

«d,  which  aalhors,  for  the  most  part,  can-  satioD  than  may  be  found  in  the  reialioii 

not  find  it  in  their  hearts  to  give.     Lizzy  of  selfishness  on  the  one  side,  and  slavish- 

wants  force  of  character;   Alida  is  not  ness  on  (he  other,  which  eiitts  between 

idways  free  from  pride  and  self-wil! ;  and  master  and  servant  abroad, 

even  Mr.  Frasier,  like  Homer,  sometimes  In  conclusion,  we  thank  the  authoress 

nods,    Dorsey,  however,  isperhapsan  ex-  of  "Alida"  for  having    re&eshed    and 

ception  toourretniLrkB.    Heisoneofyour  strengthened  on  r  humanity,  by  the  flow  of 

most  familiar  novel  characters.    His  wit,  generous  and  philosophic  thoughts  with 

bis  judgment,  bis  deportmnit,  his  lore,  are  which  her  interesting  tale  is  aecompttnied. 
all  and  always  exactly  what  they  should 

be.    Wb  wish,  indeed,  that  his  perfection  

had  been  a  little  duhed. 

Mrs.  Sedgwick's  delightTal  description  ^  Ltetun  oa  tht  latt  JmproMmtnti  ns 
•f  the  social  republicanism  of  NewEng-  Sltam  Navigation,  avdIhtJri  <^  Naval 
land  country  society,  has  given  nt  more  War/art,  taWi  a  britf  BOfwf  <^  Eria- 
pleasure  than  we  can  well  expren.  Tbe  »m't  Caloric  Engint.  Delivered  befbre 
assertion  ia  oAen  made  that,  whatever  the  Boston  Lyeean.  By  JoHir  O.  Sas- 
may  be  said  of  the  otiier  ssi,  the  ladies  oxnt.  New  York  and  London ;  W^ 
of  America  are,  at  any  rate,  all  arttto-  ley  &  Putnam,  1S44. 
emts ;  and  we  canoot  deny  that  the  cus- 
toms of  fashionable  life  may,  and  constant-  In  a  brief  notice  prefixed  to  this  lectnre, 
ly  do  produce,  effects  which  might  aeem  the  author  declares  that  he  has  relnetant- 
to  warrant  (he  charge.  Hot  we  can  point  ly  acquiesced  in  its  publication,  becaase  he 
to  this  instance,  which  we  belit^e  is  by  supposes  it  to  contain  numerous  defects, 
no  means  a  solitary  one,  where  refine-  which,  though  they  might  perhaps  be  p«r> 
vent,  and  elegance,  and  accomplishtnents,  doned  in  an  oral  address,  cannot  escape 


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3ia  Nmo  £0aU.  [S^t^ 

•mion  IB  m  printDd  fonu.    Than  wu  to  ih*  mech«i«l  ™ii.  rf  B«tU«L   Tbi.  »- 

jKt,, however,  UT  «u.e.fbr  Ihi,  appre-  ^^l^w^^'^tS'^^'^SSIt'w'PS'^ 

henuoD,  for  eTsn  leaTisg  lU  charactrr  m  thx.    The  dhwlon  of  Uie  I^Tarpool  mat  lim- 

a.  leetnte  wide,  Ihe  pamptilet  it  very  well  ciiMcr  nitv«f,  kefon  er«Unr  ihi  Muhnuy 

BM&om  any  qaartei  elicit  oilier  Iban  k  iippui V  iha  mwltuical  uleoi  In  ihs  MOBn,  bi 

ATorable  criticiBm.    There  i^  indeed,  no  Ux  hope  of  leaBiliif  nmt  preAjsu*  nwfa  qf 

■trainue  after   effsEt.    Mr.  Sargent    U  '  ?!?^>   *  »/".''™  "™ia!' '*Sl'"  "fc? 

ir^~Ti         .    .J  .    ~      ■„  I.  K-  J  k-  fW  '>r  '8».  for  the  beM  locoatoUn  *d|1m.  to  b« 

BiodeMly  conteDted  to  remain  behind  hu  imuh ga mc  mull  Bomon. it  tbu timecwpMid 

■nlliecl,  iaUead  of  rudely  thnttiDg  him-  of  the  nllwij.   B^clai  raklklti  aoi  huidf 

Mir  before  it,  after  Ibe  nanner  of  the  ima  ftvai  tn  iheli  adTCntatmrnt.  KtSmkb  wm 

«pirieal  leetarars  and  erilica  with  whom  °^J^^^^i„'!^ '^X'^  ^^^tS^ 

theie  days  aboand.     ilut,  tbea,  moueslj  irlal.    UnwILlInf  to  pcnnli  Iha  m  i  Mliia  in  mhiiii 

is   aaid    to   be   always   characleriatic  of  bin, he  w«i not  toemd  b? Ihe  •fwnoemrfia 

Merit)  and  we  can  scarcly  in  IhU  cam  ^.i?^/.l^.»!SI  ^jJ^lL?'^*!!^!  "" 

give  the  author  higher  praise  than  .  _. 

tiiat  his  merit  is  equal  to  hia  modesty.  wK(epiachbi«ao^M«d 

HiE  itibieets  are  Mr.  EricsHin.  and  his  ■'*°  day  of  tilil  uiiTed.    i  un  wmtnuit  m^u 

.    '.     ,  ^■  =  *'^';  J-."™"",  """  "■=  ^^—  OB  He  noiuiil.  ud  iha  noYdlv  of  lb*  n 

two  principal  inventions,   the   propeller  jji  iS^^iS^ji^iJi^^^^BC^ 

and  the  caloric  engiae.    Of  this  gentle-  Both  ddt*  of  ihe  nllwiy,  fn  m 

naa,  who  It  a  Swede  by  birth,  Mr,  Sar-  i^**-^      """'  ~"'"  '"' 

gent  gives  a  pleasant  biographical  eketch.  j^'^," 

Ataveryearlji^ehit.ingenuity  had  begun  udih 

todevelopeilaelfamMsttheiDiBingopera'  bie  [an   Tba  dnal  wis  ilv«a  farOi 

DMOe  of  lus  bofiih  plans  attracled  the  uon  lo  tha  noval  nuchina.   Cpro  Oat  period,  Om 

attCBIioit    of   the     diStingaiBhed     Count  raeto  •P<*^  *(  which  mu  had  tees  eariM 

Platen,  who  deiired  an  interview  with  '^?°f^lfT:^„?^^J^'"'X^^^ 

.■_'■-  p  „  -   <        .L  DO  Vac,  or  lofl  AuUntiw  prufnt  on  uui  oceaiioB, 

him,  and  after  carefullj  exanuning  them,  eip«ud  to  ■«  Out  q««d  nrpuied.   Itwuth* 

eneooraged   and    confinoed    bita    in  Ibe  f«ienl  belief  thai  Iha  mailmnm  attabaUe  b* 

tweer  noon  which  he  had  entered.    The  Sn°i^J^^',hSra^rta^2Sii™^S'^ 


Zr~     pimnsil  ibe  eiane,  eieeuted  ifa«  worklq  inw- 
Ly.  wboleniachbKaooplMsdwiiliiBihtMTeBWMta. 


lenupriie 


■"nanTwai  moaSami  im!J^  afuie     <he  Di"  of  Ow  *«l^  ■ 

JSfilpC«.I,iu.^Cooo.  Plelea.    [a  UU.     *»  SKS^'lSlS'.hi^ 

eapadtrlnlheyeai  UlSbewu  raiaindtont  ■<-"->■■•"»-«  ™  >»^  ' 
■at  Om  woit  Ibr  aion  ihui  ^  hnadial  men. 
Tha  canal  wai  oonMnielad  br  aoldlan.  He  waa 
at  that  Haie  aot  lall  aunub  to  loot  ibrtHifb  Iha 
lanllini  butruoMBt ;  anf  la  ailiig  ti  ha  wu 
oMMlDBoantBpoBaMool,  carried  by  hta  at 
m&BHaraiatpDnKiaB.  Ai  thcdyelpliMta  Uu 
■wadWi  amr  leiidnd  that  ihe  loldler  ibould 
— BTtbe  head  la  ip^aklai  ta  his  aupe- 


wUch  Ih<  valae  of  pcoptrtr  !•  eomaUnua  co- 
haoced  byibeenceeBofBiiieibBBtFallnnnttoB, — 
It  Biay  bailaud  IbU  whpB  the  AVHlh  had  nm  h«r 


The  propello'  for  which  £ricMO&'l 
name  has  now  become  the  tyiioayiM> 
through  some  strange  accideat  did  not 
It  was  in  England,  however,  the  land  meet  the  favor  of  the  Admiraliy,  thougb  it 
of  munifieeDce  and  generous  scientific  re-  had  a  fair  and  sncceasTul  eiperiaieat  in 
Hudi^  that  Ericsson  hoped  to  be  able  to  presence  of  some  of  the  lards  and  one  or 
bring  some  of  his  darling  projecis  into  two  seienlific  gentlemen  connected  vrith 
ueentioB,  and  he  aeeordiogtjr  arrived  in  that  department.  Bui  what  was  their 
Lmdon  in  1826.  Mr.  Bai^ent  gives  the  lots,  has  been  fortanately  out  gain,  and 
fbUmdng  lively  and  iBtereatikgaceODol  of  we  are  not  disposed  to  find  faalt  with 
him  thwe  I  their  fear  of  committing  tbenMelves  in 

support  of  a  novel  plan,  tbe  ialrodaction 

iSar'.t'S'Si.'rcSS  •fwwi»i»ti«nofi«i«g.d».dai. 

^ eonchedbrthadcawlBporiha  onr  own  service. 

(Mssil»U*iiMm^iaUerMiibet>riBelp<eof«M-  This  notice  is  not  the  place  tospeakctf 

M^a^^^JS^^^ZTJ^lE  *"  'Eienlific  «wriu  of  Ihe  propeller  w 

ulX^^T^^l^^^V^-  «Uorie«.giue,"d  we  leave  the  rJnect, 

war*.    !■  brtnflBi  itah  InpoRant  iBTtnikn  bo-    merely  eiprresing  the  hope  that  the  lal- 

£E;™'^5"^5'!2rSc?2*"'i'','^°"'    «r.  "ke    Ihe  former,    may   speedily  !«• 
Mb  some  old  and  enabltabed  BHchanleal  bdHH     ..'......  .^ ' -.         ..    •■    .     'is^i. 


_,  .jdTe^ta,1?hi  SSSSd  hSSf    fc^-gf  t  »  Ihe  practical  perfection  . 
in  Bialtbw^le,  a  name  taTorablr  knoWB     i*  plTOmised  for  it. 


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UotttUy  LMtrary  BuUelin. 


MONTHLY  LITERAET  BULLETIN. 


•eqnanilT,  but  kw 
cale  to  oar  icaderi :  the  following  com- 
priM  the  more  imponsDl: — The  new 
Tolamei  for  1S45,  of  Ihe  leTcnil  Aqdu- 
ob  mnd  Annnaleltes,  vU.  i  "  The  Gift," 
"The  Gem,"  "The  Opal,"  "The 
Keeptake,"  "  The  UigDoaelle,"  tome 
of  which  are  uud  to  GTiace  eotuide- 
nble  imptoTemeDt  on  their  piedeees- 

A  worit  of  hi^h  prececal  utililf  is  about 
to  acvear  from  the  preta  ol  V/iiej  It 
PniBUD,  entitled  "  The  American  Honae 
CarpcDter,"  b;  J.  HatfieM,  architect, 
of  this  ellf,  illutrated  bj  300  or  more 
finelf  executed  eogiaTiaga  on  wood, 
iaeonionted  with  tke  text.  Thii  work 
iriU  take  rank  wilk  Ttedgold'g  long 
e*taUiihed  EngUdi  work  on  the  gnb- 
jectt  with  the  additioiial  merit  of  in* 
elDdinf  all  fnbeeqaent  improTementa 
in  that  depaitmeat  of  ait.  Ilowning|* 
new  wo^  on  Frnita  aiuj  Flowen,  ii  ia 
a  forward  f  tate  of  preparation,  aad  will 
be  atiortlT  ittned  bj  the  tame  flrm,  ele- 
gaDtlr  embelliihed  by  nnmerona  nehlf 
oolOTed  ijlagtmtioaa. 

Mr.  R.  R.  Garler**  "  Life  and  Eloquence 
o(  the  Iste  Rer.  S;lTe*ter  Lamed,"  of 
Vew  Orleani,  U  now  completed,  and 
will  be  isiaed  next  week. 

Ur.  C.  M.  Bemeat,  of  Aiban7,  has  nearly 
ready  for  pnblicalioa  hii  "Acaeriean 
Ponlterer**  Companion,"  to  be  accont- 
panied  with  dxlj  or  terent;  fiaelf  fin- 
uhed  engravings 

"  Nora  Carmody,"  or  woman's  influence, 
a  Catholic  itorf,  ii  juit  gone  to  pren, 
and  the  publisher,  Dunigan,  hat  Just 
iuned  the  first  Dumber  of  hii  illuminat- 
ed Donny  Bible,  to  be  embellished  by 
many  finely  execated  ileel  engniings. 

Hlu  Barrett's  collected  Foems  in  the 
prea*  of  H.  0.  Langlej,  i»  rapidly  pro- 
gresaing.  The  "  Drama  of  Life"  hu 
already  appeared  in  our  own  pages. 
It  ii  unneceuary  for  ni,  therefore,  to 
tay  Iliat  it  is  one  of  the  most  exquisite 
aad  grand  poems  that  have  beea  added 
to  the  literature  of  the  language  within 
the  present  century. 

J.  8.  Taylor  b  Co.  have  just  issued  the 
fbUowiDg  theological  works  :  D'An- 
bigne's  "Faith  and  Knowledge,"  trans- 
lated fVom  the  French,  by  M.  M.  Back- 
lu|  "Geneva  and  Rome,"  by  Prof. 
Oan*sen,with  inlroductioa  by  Rev.  E. 
Backenteth ;  "  The  Female  Martyn  of 


the  English  Beformation,"  by  CbatlottQ 
Elizabeth,  and  "Adolphns  and  Jamet, 
and  other  Tales,"  from  the  French  of 
N .  Roussel. 

Appleton  Si,  Co.  have  just  completed  the 
following  literary  novelttesi  "Nature'l 
Gems,  or  American  Flowers  in  the 
native  haunts,"  eiobellistied  by  twenty 
very  choice  and  beautifully  colored 
plates,  with  tinted  landscapea— the  lite- 
rary eoQtenta  oftbe  volume  are  under  the 
editorial  control  of  Mn.E.C.  Embury ; 
the  Student's  "Mannal  of  Modern  His- 
tory," &e.,  by  ff.  Cook  Taylor  (  also, 
a  "  Manual  of  Ancient  Hist^y,"  by  the 
same  author;  and  <■  The  E^ok  of  the 
Army,"  bj  J.Frost;  Thirlwall'a  "His- 
tory  of  Oreece  i*'  complete  works  rf 
Rev.  Richard  Hooker,  2  vols.  Svo.t 
Foster's  <'  Xjterary  and  Fhiloaopbical 
Essays,"  1  vol.  IZmo.  The  following 
new  Juveniles  are  also  forthcoming  t 
'•  The  Priie  Story  Booki"  "  The  Child's 
Delight,"  with  colored  plates  {  Otto 
Specket^s  "Fable  Book,"  with  100 
plates, tranalaled  by  MaryHowiUj  and 
the  tame  artist's  other  prodnctios. 
"  Puss  in  Boots,"  illustrated. 

Mr.  Schoolcraft's  new  work,  "  Onoota," 
a  magaxine  devoted  to  the  elucidation 
of  the  history,  traditions,  and  customs 
of  the  red  race  of  our  contiaent,  the 
first  number  of  which  has  jast  iiuule  its 
appearance,  is  a  prodnclion  of  peculiar 
interest  and  vaJae.  We  have  no  writer 
on  this  imporlaul  subject  of  such  pro. 
found  and  laborious  research  as  Mr. 
Bchoolcikft,  or  one  so  well  qualified,  in 
every  respect,  to  supply  the  yet  unwriu 
ten  history  of  the  fsst-fkdiug  Aborigi- 
nes of  our  land;  and  we  earnestly  hope 
that  suehencanragement  will  be  award- 
ed hii  present  essay  aa  will  induce  the 
completion  of  his  task.  The  ample 
materials  possessed  by  our  Indian  chro- 
nicler are  as  ejtteasive  as  they  are 
valuable — gleaned  during  the  dose  ob- 
servations of  upwards  of  thirty  years : 
the  highest  expectations  may,  there- 
fore, be  entertained  on  the  subjects  from 
such  a  source.  Ooe  peculiar  and  novel 
feature  in  Mr.  Schoolcraft's  new  work 
is,  that  of  the  pic  lure- wciling  of  the 
Indiaus,    to  which  will  bo   subjoined 

those  (rf  their  poetry  and  romance 

BDbjectt  that  canaat  Ibil  of  exciting 
general  interest.  It  will  also  comprise 
notices  of  a  pnver  east,  which  must 
prove  no  less  important  to  the  student 
and  the  reading  comannnity  atlai^. 

Mr.  CatUn's  splendid  "  Portfolio  of  the 
Qanes,  PaUimei,  and  Castonii  of  the  f 


Google 


318 


Monthly  lAttrary  Bulietin. 


tSep*. 


Norlh  Americui  lodiuia,"  it,  we  mre 
liBpp7  to  observt,  about  tpeedtly  to  be 
issued  in  London. 
Oar  restricled  limits  forbid  more  than  a 
Vief  notice  ofanother  important  recent 
iasae  in  aootber  departmcDt  of  !it- 
eratnre — we  rerer  to  the  cDJicInding 
(fourth)  volume  of  IhciroTki)  of  Robert 
Ba]|,  from  the  press  of  Harper  li  Bro- 
thers. Tfte  masterly  productions  of 
this  distinguished  theolDgian  have  ever 
lield  a  prond  pre-eminence  among  (he 
seboolmen  of  the  age  :  bf  some  or  the 
best  critics  the  rhetoric  of  Hall  has  been 
regarded  as  nnsurpissMl  by  anything  in 
the  laognage;  and  were  such  high  meed 
of  dislinclioa  even  to  be  qaestioned,  any 
emaaation  from  so  gifted  a  source,  can- 
not faitoof  arresting  very  general  at' 
tentioD.  This  new  volame  comprises 
«  large  amount  of  highly  interesting 
matter — it  includes  biograpbicHl  notices 
of  tlie  author,  full  of  anecdote  and  inci- 
denl,  to  which  are  nnneied  nnmeroaa 


abbre' 


alcd 


s,  and  other  occasional  papers.  Tbia 
fourth  voluoe  completes  the  works  of 
Hall,  and  is  now,  for  the  first  Lme,  given 
to  the  world  by  Rev.  Dr.  Belcher,  re- 
cently from  England,  under  whose  lu- 
pervision  it  appears. 

Avery  Batleringcritique  on  Mrs,  Butlet'i 
volume  of  poems,  we  notice  is  given  by 
the  London  Athenxum,  in  which  even 
a  b^her  estimate  is  awarded  to  her 
rare  poetical  talents  than  we  have  else* 
where  encountered. 

Hr.  S.  Hart,  Sen.,  of  Charleston,  has  in 
press  a  volume  edited  by  Mr.  Simms,de- 
slgTied  for  the  ensuing  holidays,  to  be 
styled  "The  Charleston  Boot,"  com- 
prising a  series  of  Essays,  Poems,  and 
other  local  legendary  literature  of  thai 
fertile  section  of  our  land. 

Charles  Enight  has  evinced  no  less  critical 
acDDien  than  complimentary  generosity, 
ia  bis  selecting  s  series  of  papers  from 
the  "  Lowell  Offering,"  published  and 
written  by  the  factory  |[irls  of  that 
place,  and  incorporating  Ihemin  among 
bis  series  of  shilling  volumes  for  the 
people ;  ander  the  title  of"  Mind  among 
the  Spindles."  Harriet  introduces  the 
volume  vrilh  an  admirable  and  enlhusi- 
nslic  letter,  to  which  Mr.  Knight  ap- 
pends also  some  very  appropriate  and 
nattering  observations. 

Talltin;  of  the  complimentary,  we  ought 
not  to  forget  the  distinguished  honor 
conferred  recently  on  Dr.  Samuel  Fonj, 
of  our  city,  by  the  Boylston  Medical 
Committee  of  Harvard  University ;  this 
consisted  in  awarding  to  the  Doctor  the 
■ptitf  of  a  gold  medal,  valoed  at  fifty 
ddlan,  for  his  "  Essay  on  Vaccination," 

'    which  bore  off  the  palm  among  a  h<wl 


of  other  honorable  competitors  of  his 

professional  brethren.  •     *  - 

J.  S.  Redfield  announces  the  «  Elements 
of  comparative  Anatomy,"  designed  es- 
pecially for  the  use  of  Kudents,  by 
Rudolph  Wagner,  M.D.,  Professor  oT 
Comparative  Anatomy  and  Physiolc^ 
in  the  University  of  Oottingen,  fce., 
be.  Edited  by  Albert  Tulk,  Member 
of  the  Royal  CollegcofSui^eons;  also, 
"  The  Pictorial  History  of  the  Ameriean 
Revolulton,"  illnslraled  with  several 
hundred  engravings,  in  one  volume  oc- 
tavo; the  "Military  Maxims  of  Na- 
poleon," translated  from  the  French, 
with  notes  and  illuslralions,  by  Col. 
D'Agailar,  Dep.  Adjt.  Gen.,  British 
service.  "Thoughts  among  Flowers," 
a  republication  of  the  London  Religi- 
ons Tract  Society,  and  the  "Religious 
Lacon,  or  Holy  Thoughts."  Both  in 
the  Miniature  Library  style.  Since 
our  last  issne,  the  same  pnblishn 
has  brought  oat  an  edition  of  "Napier's 
Peninsnlsf  War,"  complete  in  one  vol- 
ume octavo.  Also,  "  The  Chad's 
Prayer  and  Hymn  Book,  and  a  neat  lit- 
tle devotional  Man  nal,  entitled  "Think, 
Act,  Pray."  Put  up  in  the  Miniature 
Library  style. 
Harper  and  Brothers  have  in  Preat — 
"Mary  Schweidler,  the  Amber  Witch." 
Translated  from  the  German  by  Lady 
Duff  Gordon;  "  The  Textile  Mannftc- 
turers  of  Great  Britain,"  by  G.  Dodd] 
"The  Jilt,"  by  the  aulhor  of  "The 
Marrying  Han,"  &c. ;  "TfaeGrvhame 
Family,"  by  Hussey  Gould;  " Memo- 
rials of  Many  Scenes,"  by  Riehari  H. 
MOnes;  "Sunday  Afternoons  at  Home," 
by  the  aulhor  of  "  Christ  our  Exam- 
ple;" "Five  Tales  of  Old  Time;" 
"  Persecutione  of  Popery,"  "  BMonetl 
Narratives  of  the  most  remarkable  Per- 
secutions occasioned  by  (he  Intolerance 
of  the  Charch  of  Rome,"  by  Frederic 
Shobcrl ;  "  Anecdotes  of  the  Engliafa 
La ngnage,"  edited  by  the  Rev.  Henry 
Christmas ;  "  Christian  Polities,"  by  the 
Rev.  William  Sewe!!,  D.D. ;  "  Memoirs 
of  Bernal  Diaz,"  translated  from  the 
Spanishby  John  J.  Lockbart;"  History 
of  the  Eighteenth  Centaty,"  by  F,  0. 
Sehlosser ;  "  Henri  de  Clennont,"  \ff 
Rev.  Wm.  Gresley;  "National  Dis- 
tress, its  Causes  and  Remedies,"  by 
Sam'l  Laing,  Esq.,  Jnn.  ;  "  The  Holy 
Land,"  being  Sketches  of  thejews,  and 
of  the  Land  of  Palestine ;  "  Bambles 
in  Germany  and  Italy,"  by  Mrs.  Shel- 
ley ;  "  The  Voyage  of  Life,"  by  Geor- 
giana  C.  Munro. 
"  Ellen  Woodville,  or  Life  in  the  West," 
is  the  tideof  a  shining  narrative,  illus- 
trative of  our  Western  harder  lift,  and 
will,  no  doubt,  find  a  welcome  with  ■*• 


oogic 


Monthly  Jaltrary  BuSttin. 


il9 


menmi  reader*.  "  Atala,"  from  Cba- 
■Bubriaad,  a  ehanning  little  Indian 
romance,  ii  jnst  issncd  bj  H.  Q.  Lang- 
ley.  HenKhlwrget'i  work  "  On  Horee- 
manghip,  with  Regulations  Ibr  Mililary 
Discipline  and  Hints  on  Hiding,"  bc- 
companied  with  niuneroul  plate*. 
Langley  bu  also  annonneni  a  little 
ItltuiuU  "  On  Htadadit),"  b;  G.  U. 
'Weatberhead,  nathor  of  landry  olber 
treatisw,  tc.  We  hear  OregB's  *altt- 
nbte  voliunel,  "Tbe  Commerce  of  tbe 
Prairies,"  are  BcUiog  rapidljr,  and  thai 
their  meritorious  author  iilikely  to  reap 
B  goldn  harvest,  not  of  opinions  merely, 
bat  Bcmetbing  more  labslantial. 

ENOLISB. 

or  the  English  literu?  gouip  take  the 
fbllowing — fint  new  novels  (eicusing 
the  allileralion}!"  The  Tilt;"  "H^h 
Life  in  New  York ;"  "  The  Popn- 
lar  Monber,"  by  Mrs.  Gorei  "The 
Voyage  of  Life  ;"  "  The  Attache,  or 
Sam  Slick  in  England  ;"  "  The  Youog 
Widow,"  by  the  aatbor  of  "  The  Scol- 
ti^  HeirelSj"  "  Tales  of  Ibe  Camp  and 
Cabinet;"  "TbeRoloan  Traitor,  ■  tme 
tale  of  tbe  Hepoblic,"  by  W.  H.  Her- 
bert, Bothor  of  "  Marmaduke  Wyvill ;" 
"Constance  I^Ojley,"  Ac.  Among 
icientiflc  and  graver  works,  weobserve 
Bnnonneed  ai  just  ready.  Dr.  Mantell's 
"  Medals  of  Creation  j"  with  colored  il- 
Inttrations,  2  vols.;  Mrs.  ^eUey*s  "Ram- 
bles in  GennBny  and  Italy,"  2  vols. ; 
"  The  Vale  of  the  Towey,  or  Sketches 
in  Sooth  Wales,"  by  AnneBeale;  Sho- 
berl's  "Peraecution*  of  Popery,"  i  Delud- 
ing notice*  of  the  Albigenses,  Lollards, 
Vaudoia,  Waldenses,  tc.,  1  vol. ;  "  The 
Diaries  and  Correspondence  of  the  fint 
Earl  of  Ualmesbury ;"  Fonlaoier's 
"  Mission  lo  Egypt,  the  Red  Sea,  Per- 
iian  GnlT,  East  IndiGs,"&e.;  andapo- 
litieal  B&air  styled,  "Revelations  of 
Bnssia,  or  the  Emperor  Nicholas  and 
his  Empire,  in  1844;"  Smyto's  "Hisloric 
Fanciesj"  and  the  somewhat  singnlar 
production  called,  "Evenings  of  a 
Working  Man,"  being  the  occapalion 
of  his  scanty  leisnre,  by  John  Overs, 
edited  or  prefaced,  by  Charles  Dickens. 
We  observe  the  Literary  Gazette  does 
not  allot  very  high  meed  (^  praise  to 
the  performance.  A  curions  work,  also, 
just  appears,  styled,  "  Mary  Schwiidler, 
tbe  Amber  Witcb,"  one  of  the  most 
remarkable  of  irttcbcraft  trials  ever 
linown.  The  worlc  is  «  translation 
from  the  Gerrnan,  and  according  lo  the 
AthenKam,  one  of  snrpassing  interest. 
Capt.  Marryat  announces  ft  new  wnrk,  to 
be  eaLtled  "  The  Settlcii." 


Dr.  Ure  has.nearly  ready  a  supplementary 
volorae  to  his  "  Diclionary  oP  Arts, 
Ac-,"  called  "  Recent  Improvements  in 
Arts,  Mannfactures,  and  Mines,  tte." 
Prof.  Low  bos  a  new  work  "  On  Laaded 
Property  and  the  Management  of  Es- 
tates," Ac. 
Prof.  Owen  has  another  volume  jnit 
raady,  comprising  his  recent "  Lectures 
<ni  the  Comparative  Aoatbmy  and  Phy- 
siology of  the  Vertebrate  Animals." 
Mrs.  Sarah  Austin  has  nearly  Goished  btr 
translation  of  Rauke's  "  History  of  the 
RefDnnation." 
A  new  work  on  the  "Patronage  of  Bri- 
tish Art,"  including  historical  notices 
of  the  rise  and  progress  of  the  arts  and 
artists  of  the  British  metropolis,  is  an- 
nounced by  J.  Pyej  and  anfllher  similar 
work,  Haydon's  "Lectures  on  Paint- 
ing," with  illustrations  t  also,"Draw> 
ings  and  Deteription  of  the  Lately  Dis- 
covered Sartoi^agus  aad  Remains  of 
the  Knights  Crasoders  io  the  Temple 
Church,  London,"  by  E,  Richardson. 
We  observe  the  miscellanies  of  the  late 
Sir  Junes  Mackintosh  are  about  t«  be 
pabliihed,  comprising  his  "Disserta- 
tioa  on  the  Progress  of  Ethical  Philoso- 
phy, cliieBy  during  tbe  17lh  and  18th 
Centnrie* ;"  "Some  Remarks  OD  Ihb 
Philosophical  GeniniofLordBaconand 
Mr,  Locke ;  "  Discourse  on  tbe  Law  of 
Nature  and  Nations;  "Life  of  Sir  Tbo- 
maa  More;"  "Essays  eontribnted  to 
the  Edinburgh  Review;"  "  Vindicim 
Gallicfei"  " Charges i"     "Speeches" 

The  following  theolof;ical  works  ara  in 
conne  of  pnblication : — "  Tie  Creed  of 
St.  Athanasins,"  illustrated  by  parallel 
pass^es  from  the  Scriptnrea,  and  writ- 
en  of  the  Greek  and  Latin  Churches, 
by  the  Rev.  John  Badcliffe,  M.A.; 
"  History  of  tbe  Church  of  England  in 
the  Colonies  and  Foreign  Dependencies 
of  the  British  Empire,"  by  the  Hev. 
James  8.  M.  Anderson,  M.A. ;  "6er> 
mons  chiefly  on  the  Theory  of  Religions 
Belief,"  preached  before  the  University 
of  Oxford,  by  John  Henry  Newman, 
B.D.,  Fellow  of  Oriel  College,  second 
edition;  "Theopbilni  Anglicanns,  or 
Instruction  for  the  Young  Student  cod- 
cerning  the  Church,  and  our  own 
branch  of  it,"  by  (^risiopber  WdNs- 
worth,  D.D.;  "  The  Ecclesiastical  His. 
lory  of  the  Second  and  Third  Centu- 
ries," illustrated  from  the  writings  of 
Tertutlian,  by  John  Kaye,  D.D.,  Lord 
Bisbop  of  Lincoln,  third  edition  ;  "Ser- 
mons on  Various  Subjects,"  by  Walter 
FnrqnhBr  Hook,  D.D.,  Vicar  of  Leeds, 
second  edition  I  "Essays,"  by  Atex. 
Hope,  Esq 


iyCoogle 


390    True  Theory  aiidPiiiotophy&f  our  Sgttem  of  Qovtmmtnl.  [Sept., 1644. 

[Condudtd  from  page  332,  abm-e.] 

in  opposition  lo  each  oiber.    To  pre-  issociued  with  ae,  to  the  extent  of  theii 

aerve  the  political  rights  of  the  people,  common  iiiiereslg||Hiil  feelings,  and  to 

it  LB  indiapenisble  to  aecare  tlioae  of  that  eitakt  onl;,   would   iavQMO  Iha 

the  Suites,  and  under  oer  ejatem,  the  strength  and  enend  the  beae&cence  of 

^conrerse  ie  almost  as  anirersally  true,  euc   institutions.      The   diflsteaoe^  in 

lalerbBt  in  the  priofiples  of  the  Seats  natiooal  seBtinnDt  and  ia<araK,*iid  ths 

Rights  school,  therefore,  is  not  oon-  peculiarities  in  national  geains,  which 

fined  to  an j^articular  section  or  exoln-  are  insTitableinsoIargeSMafederaer) 

ure  clique.     On  the  eontrarf ,  they  would  then  cease  to  present  iormid^e 

iUTolre    the  existence  of  democratic  difficulties,  for  they  are  left  to  their 

gOTernmeat  itself,  and  the  friends  of  own  free  development  neder  the  single 

thelaat  cannot  be  indifferent  to  the  first,  reattiction  of  not  interfering'  with  the 

They  appeal  to  the  rule  of  moral  obli-  equal  rights  of  their  oeighbora,  or  com- 

gation  in  every  heart,  for  they  present  ing  into  collision  with  others.     How 

a  question  of  chartered  rights,  and  all  magnificent  in  eonoeption !  How  bene- 

lionest  mep  must  adnut  that  the, deed  ficent  in  practice  is  thissyslem!  whieh 

should  be  constroed  as  it  is,  although  associates  natioas  in  poe  great  family 

they  may  desire  that  it  should  have  been  oompaol,  withaut  destroyiag  the  sooi&l 

otherwise.    To  the  friends  of  the  Union  identity,  or  imp^perly  emtatraaing  the 

aild  of  the  general  harmony  of  the  individual  genina  of  any ;  and  cement 

States,  they  make  the  highest  poBsiblB  .into  elementa  otatredgth  and  civiliat- 

appeal,  for  they  present  the  only  cer-  tion  those  Teryisooiee*  of  difiereaca 

tiin  means  by  which  we  may  secnre  which   have  hentofor^  destroyed  thtt 

both,  to  the  lasting  glory  and  happiness  peace   of  mankirid.     I^  folGle  all  the 

ofoarpeople.    For  oarselves,  we  be-  wantsof  Ameriebigenias, andpromisea 

liere  that  these  ends  can  onl^  be  at-  to  realize  the  proifliest  hope  ia  the  Ame* 

Mined  hj  preserring  in  its  integrity  rioan  breaat,'for  ilafTordf  the  means  (rf' 

the  beaatifui  and  well  ordered  system  accomplishing,  the  mighty  mission  upon 

of  government  which  oar  fathera  have  which  it  is  our  glo»  to  luve  been  aent. 

eiven  us,  and  wo  to  the  man  who  shall  The  little  germ  oua  n^  and  mighty 

hy  unhallowed  hands  upon  it.    There  oiviliutioa  was  plMiedan  the  Amwi- 

caa  be  nothing  more  beaotiful  in  politi-  can  wilderneaa,  far  awa^rom  the  bnsy 

eal  theory  than  our  syatero  as  developed  coneenrse  of  men  Vhotbeedtesslyor 

in  the  constitution  by  the  Slate  Rights  wantonly  might  havtf  tranipled  it  under 

rnle  of  coDSlrnctien.     Noi  would  it  be  foot.     Under  the    eneikitendence   of 

difficult  to  demonstrate  that  the  most  Providence,  and  the  caa  of  the  few 

■eriooa  difficulties  to  which  onr  gene-  whose  mission  it  was  ^o  jpard  it  amid 

rsl  government  has  been  exposed,  have  solitude  and  hardships^ it  grew,  unseen 

arisen   out   of   departure   in    practice  or  neglected  by  the  rtst  of  manbindi 

firom    these    salutary    prineipfei.      It  until  it  has  struck  its  deep  roots  into  ths 

is  by   a  strict  adherence   to  the  con-  soil,  and  from  the  eastern  shore  of  our 

stitation  thus  constroed,  that  our  fed-  continent  where  it  was  planted,  it  al- 

eral  government  can  continue  tc  con-  ready  casts  its  shadow  far  into  tbe  west.  i 

dnet  the  march  of  American   civili-  To  guard  it  against  envy  and  cupidity  i 

sation,  and  the  progress  of  our  people,  from  abroad,  to  shield  it  from  nuBguided 

IToder  the  opposite  principles  of  ad-  frionds  or  wanton  violence  at  home, 

ministering  its   powers,   this  advance  to  matttre   its  growth   and   extend  its  ^ 

would  become  impossible,  as  it  would  shelter,  that  all  our  posterity  from  sea 

ieoreaae  the  number  and  bitterness  of  to  sea  may  ultimately  repose  in  peace 

those  sectional  ocrflisions  which  wonid  and    happiness     beneath   its    gratefnl^ 

be  introduced  wi||^n  the  bosom  of  the  shade,  is  the  task  which  we  mve  in-'  > 

Cienera) Government,  by  this  very  con-  herited,  and  the  mission  which wemast  ■' 

Btruetion,     which    invites   differences,  accomplish.       Difficult    may    be    the 

when  there  are  no  means  for  compos-  achievement,  too  credulous  may  eeem 

>    ing  them.    How  much  better  adapted  the  hope  of  accomplishing  such  a  des-      , 

to  the  American  genius    is  the  Sute  tiny,  but  the  resonrces  of  American 

Rights  theoryof  our  system,  which  ex-  genius  are  fully  adequate  to  it  all,  if  it    / 

tenas  its  capacitiea  with  the  march  of  will  only  adhere  to  the  path  which  the  r  | 

OUT  people,  and  fulUs  all  the  dsmaads  coasiiiution  has  marked  out  for  its  pur- 

*  which  can  bo  made  by  their  progress !  suit.    Will  it  be  thus  wisely  gnided  1 AA  j 

Bach  new  State  or  peoi^  who  maybe  CIjOOQIC 


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THE 

UNITED  STATES  MAGAZINE, 

AND 

DEMOCRATIC  REVIEW 


OCTOBER,  1844. 


ONE  LAST  WORD  BEFORE  THE  ELECTION. 

Tbi.Hx  ha^Tca,  Mr.  Polk  U  no  mill-  ment   in  tha  aantest  of   pirtiea.      la 

tUT  chieftain '.    He  hts  never  fought  Miaiouri  it  has  added  but  little  if  tnj 

a  Mltle   (not  eren  &  dael).     He   tu«  atrength   to   the    diieraifisd    intereaU 

nerar  taken  a  frigatB.     He  hta  neTer  which  underUulc  a  eruaade  againat  Col. 

eren  killed  an  Indian.     There  ia  none  Benton'a    aaceodancT   in    that  State, 

of  that  aort  of  clap-trap    abont  hia  Whiln  in  the  other  Slatea  of  that  re- 

Bune.  gion,  though  wo  haTB  been  aplondidlf 

Thank  beaTen,  too,  that  there  ia  no  triumphant  in  them,  jet  our  gaina  htvo 

peculiar  eminent 'popularity' attaching  eertainlr  not  eaceeded,  if   tbey  haf« 

to  him,  of  a  character  personal  to  him-  eqnalleJ,  thoae  which   we  have    had 

Bslf,  and  diatinct  from  hia  simple  poai-  to   exult   over   in  the  oppoaite  extre- 

tion  aa  the  repreaBntative  of  the  gene-  mitj  of  the  Union,  where  no  one  pre- 

ral  priociplea  and  policj  of  tha  party  tenda  to  claim  any  particolar  leal  of 

whoae  oaadidate  ha  is.     He  haa  not  popularity   for   Teiaa   or   anuasalion. 

been  for  yeara  a  reeogeized  bead  of  a  No — the  Whiga  are  not  able,  and  will 

great  achoni  of  opinion,  or  leader  of  a  not  b«  able,  to  eacape  from  the  Jaat  io- 

poweHiil  iolereat,  aectional  or  other-  ferencea  derivable  from  Iha  great   Da- 

wiae — in  a  position  to  creaie  for  him  a  monratic  triumph  in  the  present  con- 

Itained    array   of  apecial   frienda  and  (eat  by  aacribing  it  to  the  extmneooi 

Earlizans  individually  connectad   with  accident  of  the  Texaa  quealioe.     In- 

imaelf,  lo  whose  Gzertiona  his  nomi-  deed,  though  ihs  Deraooraej  ia  every- 

nation  might  be  dae,  and  to  whose  par-  where,  in  a  general  sense,  decidedly 

tial  or  interested  friendship  might  be  favorable  lo  anneKation.aDd  the  apeea- 

ascribabla  much  of  the  present  public  jest   possible   annexation,  yet   are  wa 

agitation   in  his  behalf.     There  is  no-  satisfied  that  it  adds  but  little  if  any 

thing  either  of  tbia  about  him.  strength  which  would  not  have  already 

Thank   heaven,  too,  that  the  Texas  been  our  own  without  it.  At  the  South, 

qaeation  has  not  turned  out  as  it  was  though  Texas  may  afford  a  good  ocea- 

propheeied  by  those  more  fanatic  friends  sion  and  excuse  to  thousands  fur  aban- 

of  the  annexation,  whose  roinds  became  doning  the  Whig  partv  and  Joining  that 

at   one   tima   so  Gtlsd   with    that  one  of    Democracy   and  lilqual  Lawi   and 

idea  to  the  excluaion  of  nlmoat  every  Equal  Rights,  it  is,  we,think,  but  liultt 

other.    It  has  not  swept  tha  soothern  operative  aa  an  effective  cauae.     At 

and  south-western  country,  as  with  a  the  North,  while  a  few  are  warmly  ia 

besom  of  revolution,  according  lo  the  favor   of  annexation,  the  great   mass 

eip«uiaUoaa  and  oromisea  so  aanguine-  have  aimply  no  objectiim  to  it ;  aoma 

)y  entertained  and  so  liberally  mads  at  are  positively  opposed, — and  might  in- 

Washiogloa    and     Baltimore    in    the  deed  have  afforded  a  eround   for  somo 

month  of  May.     Keitbar  in  North  Ca-  uneasiness,  hod  not  Mr.   Clay  sec  sU 

Tolina  Dor  Louisiana  does  it  appear  to  right  again  on  that  point  by  his  memor- 

have  operUed  as  any  influential  ete-  able  third  letter  on  iba  aubjeot.   Tezaa, 


Google 


tSU                               Ont  Lvt  Word  iefort  the  EltetUm.  [Oct. 

tb«r«fore,  ia  neither  the  canse,  nor  a  cation  can  obacDTC  the  inetiiable  inA>i« 

material  caaae  or  ihe  great  Deinoeraiie  enre  from  it.    Theae  Siaiea  are  not 

Mceodeney  of  which  every  day  is  de-  all  in  one  section  of  the  Union,  which 

Tctoprnf!    the    evideDCCB  in  all  direo-  might  be  presumed  tu  be  affocied  by 

tions  about  ua.  some    ciimmon    local    influence  froot 

It  is  from  nothing  artificial  or  acci-  which  the  rest  of  the  ciiuntry  mit-ht  b« 

dental,  or  peraonal  lo  the   man,  that  eiempt.     They  are  scallered  in  all  di- 

thia  great  reaction  from  1840  pruceeils.  reciions  over  the  surface  uf  (he  map  of 

We  have  no  factitious  enihusiaams  or  the  Union,  from  the  czlreme  northeast 

exciternents  to  help  us.     We  eiupliiy  to  the  extreme  eouthweBt.      Nor  ba« 

no  iwatem  of  popular  jugglery,  with  therebeenany surprise — sny accidental 

disppys  of  eider  barrels,  log  cabins,  overpowering  of  an  inert  majoiiiy  by 

lire  and  dead  raccoons,  and  digs  wav-  an    aclire    and    industrioiis   minority. 

iDg  nnirersal  promised  of"  two  dollars  The   elections  have,  in  general,  been 

a  day  and  roast  beef,"  to  catch  the  eye  hard  fought,  wiih  heavier  votes  than  in 

or lickleiheearof "the  vulgar."     Nor  1H40,  the  two  parlios  vieing  with  each 

do   we  hold   out   any   grand   national  other  in  seal  and  effiirt;  nor  can  Mr. 

tempiation  of  bribery  to  half  a  million  Clay  hare  any  groand  for  a  hnpe  to  do 

ef  desperate  debtors,   promising  them  better  in   November,  than  hia  rrieada 

the  passage  of  a  Bankrupt  Act  spunge  have  been  able  lo  do  for  him  in  theae 

over  the  debit  sides  of  all  their  ledgers,  elections.     On   the  contrary,  the  tniA 

on  condition  of  iheir  devoting  them-  eOeclofsneh  general  indications  nfth» 

•elves,  body  and  soul,  for  a  year,  to  the  direction  of  the  political  tide,  ia  lo  tleep^ 

bnsiness  of  eleolioneerlng  in  our  behalf,  en  its  volume  sn  J  accelerate  its  rush. 

We  have  nothing  of  all  this  ;  we  do  We,  therefore,  assume,  as  we  havft 

DOlbing  of  all  this.     We  have  a  regu-  a  right  to  assume,  the  result  as  already 

lar,  fair  stand-op  light  between  the  two  aulScienlly  settled  to  justify  the  exult- 

fraat  parties  or  the  country,  the  De-  ing  ciinzralulalion  which  we  are  prmid 

Biooraiic  and  the  anti-Democratic,  di-  and  glad  to  tender  to  the  Democracy  of 

VMled  of  many  of  the  accidental  and  the  Union,  for  this  nohlerecoverjfrom 

temporary  influences  that  aceompanie'l  the  mishap  of  1S40— this  glorious  vin- 

ibe  cdntest  of  1840  ;  and  the  result  is  dicalian  of  themselves,  their  cause  and 

to  show  which  baa  truly  the  ascendcn-  their  principles,  from  the  dark  cload 

ey  io  the  attachment  and  confidence  of  of  doubt  and  discredit  which  had  beeD 

the  American  people.  left  to  rest  upon  them  by  the  recollac- 

The  result  ii  to  show! — the  result  tionsof  that  yeiir.  There  were  snm»— 
is  alieady  sufficiently  manifest  to  httve  Dotafewiindeed — whosefaith  in  Demo- 
shown,  unequiv(>cal1y,  decisively.  This  eracy  was  not  a  little  shaken  In  1840  ; 
one  broad,  simple  fact,  affords  an  indi-  with  all  uf  us  It  was  put  at  least  to  a 
oation  which  leaves  no  room  for  doubt,  severe  test.  We  rejoice  that  onrt 
namely,  that  in  the  States  which  have  never  for  a  moment  wavered.  Nay^ 
held  elections  since  the  present  cam-  afler  the  first  brief  excitement  of  dia- 
paign  has  operied — that  is  to  aay,  since  appointment  and  muttitieation  bad  sub- 
the  Demncralio  nominalinns  at  Balti-  sided,  we  saw  much  ressun  in  the  ro. 
Bore — Louisiana,  Nonh  Carolina,  Ala*  snlt  for  contented  acquiescence,  if  not 
bama,  Indiana,  Illinois,  Kentucky,  even  for  positive  salisfactioo, — and  oer< 
Missouri,  Vermont,  and  Maine,  the  tainly  fur  renewed  and  strengthened 
DemocrBtie  gain  since  1840  hasalreadj  confidence  in  the  self-adjusting  excel- 
TOaohed  theenomiDUS  amount  ofOS.OOO.  lence  of  our  democratic  system  of  Id- 
These  States,  in  1S40,  cast  868,000  stitalions.  These  views  were  freely 
votes;  and  a  corresponding  ratio  of  declared  in  the  pages  of  this  Revietr; 
gain  tbroughont  the  rest  of  the  Union  Justified  as  they  are  by  the  entire  eor- 
weuld  prodaee  an  aiigrcgate  Democra-  respondence  of  ibe  sequel  to  iho  pro- 
tie  gam  over  1840  of  not  less  than  phetio  expectations  on  which  we  then 
SST,000 ;  a  ntimber  not  only  sufllieient  reaaoned,  we  are  glad  to  be  now  ablo 
to  overpuwer  tbo  Whig  majority  of  thus  to  refer  back  to  them,  and  to  foal, 
146,000  in  ihtt  year,  but  to  yield  a  and  lo  call  npon  all  our  younger  read- 
nrplns  of  181,000  Derooeiatie  majori-  en  to  feet,  bencefurth  a  deep-rooted 
ty.  confidence  in    democracy,   and  in  thtt 

This  indication  eaoHOt  deceive.    No  democracy  ofonr  coaniry,  beyond  th« 

mwaat  of  Whig  elamor  or  myatifi-  power  of  poosiUo  futan  aocideot  of 


(H4.]  On*  £wt  Word  ^f«r*  Ikt  EUelum.  Stt 

ohuce  or  obuga,  to  overthrow  or  I*  in  McrificioK  some  of  ihom  for  %  nnMog 

disturb.  lu  snuli  »  dutj  aa  this.      I'hoee  whun 

But  it  is  no  time  jret  Id  psase  dd  the  daily  life  kniiwa  nothing  mure  than  tlia 

rer;  lielJ  of  the  slill  railing  cnnlest,  uinpleiKilinnrf  comfuriaand  deceoaiec, 

to  iotercliange  cone nli'lal inns  even  on  shiiuld  ba  content  lu  siraiti  a  Tew  poinio 

|he  already  assuaind  ceruinty  of  cmr  u|)<in  them,   fur   Itie   brief  seaaun  A» 

triiimith.     Itideed  this  is  nuw  the  last  which  this  high  object  of  pBtriniiaoi 

peril  we  have  lefl  tu  urercume — that  will  rcqniie  it  at   iheir  hands.     Nay, 

fatal  Dunfidenca  uf  security  which  has  atill  further,  thiiss  wjiu  can  di>  no  mora 

caused  many  a  gallant  vessel  to  funnder  than  earn  fur  each  day  its  daily  bresdi 

within  the  very  (tmbracing  arms  uf  her  should  fesuJTe  to  reconcile  ihemMlvea, 

kavcn  of  repiise.     Nulhingis  yel  dune  fur  a  few  ofihein,  Ina  sumewhuahort- 

till  all  be  dune — and  dune  beyond  tho  ened   alio«ance,  if  neeeasary,   to   aid 

pDssibiliiy  uf  bcin^agxin  undiine.     Ijet  thus   the   success  of  the  cause  whisk 

this  appeaj  go  buuie,  itiilividually,  to  shuuld  be  dearer  to  usallchaD  our  reiy 

the   heart    and    conscience    of  every  daily  bread. 

Demiicrat  in  the  land.  Up  and  be  Another  thing  too — (he  last  duly  left 
duinf; !  Be  not  content  wiili  your  mere  far  the  very  day  of  election.  Bo  not 
purpose  tucoutribute  your  own  vote  to  content  with  the  simidedeposit  of  yooi 
the  triumph  uf  this  cause  which  is  your  own  vMa.  Let  it  be  at  an  early  houi 
cause,  and  my  cause,  and  every  man's  in  the  day,  and  let  the  rest  of  it  be  d»< 
personal  cause  !  Du  mure.  Du  as  voted  to  ihe  duly  of  gelling  op  to  itm 
■uuch  more  as  a  aedims  elTurt  will  polls  others  lew  warot,  or  less  prompt, 
make  possible  to  your  band,  an  effort  Few  have  any  conception  of  the  vaM 
of  personal  aclivity,  aelf-sacriRce  and  number  of  votes  thus  loM  at  ereir 
pecuniary  liberaliijr.  Fix  upon  at  leaal  election,  even  iha  mosl  excited,  it  u 
one  acquaintance,  cither  uf  unsettled  a  dangerous  thing  to  leave  one's  vole 
pulilics,  or,  though  an  opponent,  yet  of  unsecured  till  Ihe  wrung  side  of  noon, 
reasonable  catidor  and  openness  to  con-  Nu  one  can  tell  the  accidents,  the  in- 
victiun  ;  and  make  it  a  positive  unl  lerrnptiooe,  the  difficulties  which  maj 
resolved  idijecl  to  win  hira  over  by  all  Ihen  ioicrposa  to  cause  it  lo  be  lost  al- 
jual  influences  of  argomcnt  and  evi-  logother.  Among  thoae  who  thus 
denca.  Seek,  if  not  yourself  sought  leave  their  voles  exposed  to  the  dau- 
by, (he  nearesi  local  committee  of  or-  gers  of  these  eaaual  obstacles,  there 
(aoizatioo  accessible  to  you ;  and  ate  always  many  whoae  inert  indiilence 
ud  them,  by  ihe  moat  liberal  conlribu-  of  character  would  yield  to  them  if 
tioos  in  your  power,  in  the  aeconiplish-  lef^  to  themselves,  though  they  ceald 
meot  01  iheir  all-iinpurtant  duties,  yet  be  impelled  to  the  perronnaoee  of 
Where  none  such  exist  (and  it  is  a  sin-  llieir  duty,  if  visited  for  the  purpose  by 
ful  shame  that  we  are  so  far  behind  the  a  frieod,  with  the  requisite  faeititiea  of 
•lAle  of  efficient  preparation  of  uur  eunvayance  to  the  polls.  We  woald 
opponents  in  this  respect,  lose  not  a  urge  every  Demooratio  virter  in  tk* 
day,  fur  it  is  nut  yet  entirely  too  late,  cuutUTy  on  the  day  of  election — it  ie 
to  supply  the  fatal  deficiency.  And  but  unce  in  four  years  ! — to  give  him- 
•specially  wuuld  we  exhort  all  to  be  selfup  wholly,  vole,  voice,  hands,  feett 
free-bearted  and  free-handed  in  pro-  horses,  waggons,  carta  and  carriages, 
moting  the  circulation  of  cheap  Demo-  lo  the  Klectioo,  and  to  nothing  but  Itie 
oratic    pubtiuatiuns.       These  abonnd.  Election, 

They aretobehadlDalllhesectionsoflha         Harrison's  majority  was  nearly  mm 

Uoion,  at  rates  of  price  next  to  nulhing  hundred    and     fifty    thousand    votet, 

at  all  in  comparison  with  the  good  of  Our  majority  must  not  be  suffiired  to 

which   they  are   ralculaled  lo  be  the  fall  ehuti  of  the  fair  round  number  of 

means.    Wa  refer  tothe  cheap teu)i>o-  too  hundred  thousand.      The   snake 

rary  campaign  papera  which  are  issued  must  be  killed  Ibis  time,  not  scotched, 

firom  many  uf  the  leading  Democratic  The  country  must  never   be  troobled 

pressen  in  the  country.       Every  Demo-  with  Clayism  or  Clay  ague.     If  Hr. 

crat  in  every  Suie  ought  to  give,  and  Ciay  has  been  insensible  to  the  many 

give  quickly,  st  least  a  single  dollar  lu  Ikr  from  gentle  hinia  he  hae  had  frun 

the  graiuiiuiia  distribution  uf  such  pub-  the  people  of  the  United  States,  ihit 

liuations  aa  ibese.    Those  who  indulge  lliey  will  none  of  iiim,  even  Aw  eyM^  ~-  r 

ia  luxuriea,  should  fiod  a  higher  luxury  nuM  be  epMad  now  to  tiialut9l«MMl^^jOOQ  IC 


9M  Ok  Leat  Word  htfore  t\*  Elteden.  [Oeu 

tnith,  omce  for  alb  If  out  majority  ia  Clay— Clay  in  his  TdII  tlaliiTe— all  that 
efficiently  deciaiie — if  it  is  indeed  but  he  ia  and  repreBents^Clayiam  in  ita 
half  of  what  we  confidemly  oipect  and  ^Daine  colore  and  nndisguiaed  defor- 
,  »ly  upon— ihia  elentinn  will  be  the  laat  mily— that  are  lubmitled  to  the  peoplo 
graod^Weof  the  Whig  Party.  Their  forlheir  jadgment. 
preeeot  organization  ii  founded  directly  Clay,  with  the  innnmerablo  ineonais* 
on  Ihnt  which  has  constituted  ihem  a  lenciea  which  crowd  the  record  of  hi» 
pirty  ever  since  the  coninienceiiient  of  pnbtio  life,  and  best  exhibit  the  unnrin- 
Ihe  great  United  States  Bank  Battle  cipled  poliiiciaA  for  ever  trimming  hE» 
io  General  Jackson's  day.  This  is  bat  aaila  afresh  to  woo  to  them  every  Btray 
ft  continuation  of  the  aame  long  strng-  brecaa  of  aeeming  popularity, 
gle,  which  has  now  reached  ita  iast  Clay,  with  bis  bold  and  elaaticlatitu- 
cooT nisi ve  crisis.  Conquered  now,  tbe  dinarianism  <rf  conatrnction,  which  is 
Whigs  are  utterly  and  irrecoTerably  never  checked  by  constitutional  difll- 
broken,  prostrated,  scattered.  There  eulty  from  the  adoption  of  any  meastm 
will  be  before  very  long  indeed  freah  recommended  to  him  by  a  temporarr 
political  combinations;  and  there  will  etpedieney  or  an  imagined  interest, 
be  partial  local  organiiatione  kept  alive,  Clay,  with  all  the  monstrons  pojitieat 
from  the  force  of  habit,  and  the  name  heresies  and  erimes  which  have  mada 
and  form  of  the  thing,  but  the  Whig  hia  name  so  long  a  very  stench  in  th« 
Parly  will  be  with  "  Ilium  and  the  glory  nostrils  of  the  great  Repnbtican  Party 
of  the  aons  of  Dardanoa"- among  the  of  the  country,  and  of  which  e»en  Mr. 
things  that  have  been.  So  may  it  be —  Webster  once  declared  that  they  mnst 
•o  must  it  be— and  so  shall  it  be.  (or  ever  forfeit  for  him  his  support. 

And  now  a  few  final  words  on  the  Clay,  with  all  the  vehement  passioo, 
general  isane  which  is  to  be  decided  by  and  dictatorial  pride  of  will  and  reek* 
this  election.  There  has  been  no  con*  lessness  of  means,  which  could  not  fail 
test  within  the  period  of  the  present  to  make  bim  the  most  nnscrnpnloas, 
living  generation,  in  which  tbe  distinc-  vindictive  and  purely  partisan  Piesi- 
ItTDchanctersofthe  Demooralia  and  dent  that  has  ever  filled  the  Exeeu- 
ihe  anti-Democratio  parties,  stood  forth    tire  chair. 

■o  manifestly  revealed.  This  was  not  Clay,  with  all  the  shuffling  tergiver- 
BO  in  1840,  for  a  great  degree  of  con-  sationa  on  some  of  the  most  important 
fuaion  had  crept  into  the  party  rela-  qoeetions  of  the  day,  which  have  plao- 
tions,  so  that  on  some  points  it  was  not  ed  him  by  this  time  in  the  position  of 
always  a  very  easy  matter  to  deter-  being  satisfactorily  pledged  to  almon 
mine  exactly  what  was  what  and  which  every  side  of  almost  every  opinion. 
was  which.  The  representatives  of  Clay,wilh  bisnarrowreBtrictireeom- 
the  Whig  Party  then,  as  jls  nominees  mercial  policy,  fatally  oppressive  to  the 
far  the  Presidency  and  Viee-Preaiden-  broad  national  industry  and  inlereats  of 
cy  wore  two  men  of  whom  the  one  the  country,  for  the  benefit  of  a  com- 
■tood  commrtted  to  little  else  than  paratively  petty  amount  of  manDfactnr- 
•ome  of  those  safe  generalities  sikI  log  capita]  in  a  few  of  the  eastern  cities 
eonmwn-plaeea  of  political  prineiple,    of  the  Union. 

on  which  Democrats  as  well  as  Wbiga  Clay,  with  hia  ineradicable  error  of 
eonid  unite  to  his  support ;  while  the  financial  policy,  which  coald  not  faQ 
other  was  a  professed  Virginia  "Repub-  to  canse  him  to  ptnnge  the  conntrr 
lioao,"  so  strongly  committed  a^inet  again  deep  into  all  those  very  horrors 
a  mtional  bank,  and  to  extreme  Sute-  of  National  Bank  "  regnlation,"  of 
Rights  and  anti-tariff  doctrine,  as  to  whioh  it  yet  retains,  and  will  long  re- 
bave  been  actually  a  Niittifier,  in  the  tain,  a  ahuddering  memory 
■lill  recent  day*  of  Nullification.  The  Clay,  with  hia  peraieions  consti- 
Tery  fact,  too,  of  the  formal  rejection  tntional  error  in  regard  to  the  Veto 
of  Clay  from  their  ticket,  seemed  to  principle,  which  woald  tear  out  from 
ematilnte  such  a  Tepodiatioa  of  the  the  grand  atmcture  of  our  institntiona 
whole  system  of  doctrines  and  mets-  one  of  its  important  and  most  invaluable 
vn»  of  which  he  was  the  embodiment,  foondation  stones, 
as  went  fcr  in  aU  of  tbe  deeeption  Clay,  with  his  identification  wilk 
which  that  ticket  was  mtended  to  prao-  some  pnicticea  and  principles  of  mcjiI 
(iM,  Mrf  atwooed^  in  practiMiig^  upon  nmrals,  of  a  ehKraoter  which  onirht 
AspoUiewM.    Kow,  howeyer,  >»  ■■    t- — — i- / j ..    '.i 


nmr«is,oi  aehKraoter  which  ought  U~ 

ba  Mv««ly  frowiwd  upon,  xtxhet  thCjOOQ  I  C 


OMLatiWerdtifivUuEUiitiM.  SfT 

J,  booorad  sod  derated,  into  &    Clajr,  bo  mort  slmys  coaliDiw  to  be 

piwiiioo  eaicnlued  &  hand  red- fold  lo  regarded  hj  tbe  Amerioan  people. 
niDltiplytheinjnrioiMiDllaeDcea  of  their  NoiwithstaiMing'  tbe  extnordina^ 
sancuon  and  example.  oombinatioD  of  elemenia  whkh  eonsti- 

In  a  word,  Clar,  anch  aa  he  itaoda  tnted  tbe  Btrnngth  of  the  Wbig  partv 
eoDfened  in  tbe  fall  glate  of  all  hie  in  1840 — DOtwiibBtanding  the  many  roh 
pajt  political  hislorr  aod  preaeot  poai-  nerable  puinis  on  which  ire  then  lajr  all 
tiim — it  is  epao  him,  in  hia  aspiration  exposed  and  bleeding  nnder  their  &eni« 
for  the  Preaidenoy,  that  the  people  are  attack — notwithstanding  the  Bank- 
called  upon  to  piaa.  rapt* — not  withstanding  the  prenore  of 

lathe  CDirencj  of  the  oonntry  to  be  ths times, the QniTerBaidiatiesagiowing 
again  thrown  into  the  confasion  which  out  of  the  recent  collapse  of  the  credit 
mnat  arei  be  inseparable  from  the  ex-  systero,  the  low  agrioaliural  prices,  and 
istenoe  of  a  national  bank  !  Is  its  bn-  all  die  yet  untested  Whig  promiaM  «f 
sioesa  to  be  vain  dragged  down  into  relief— notwithstanding  all  these,  and 
the  very  middfe  arena  or  party  politics,  more  which  we  do  not  pause  to  ena- 
to  be  the  first  Tietim  of  all  the  blowa  merate,  we  do  cot  belicTe  that  if  Claj 
dealt  10  aod  fro  by  the  combatants  had  been  the  cudidale,  and  tbe  toialjj 
there ! — for  aa  well  may  the  whole  different  issne  presented  lo  the  people, 
American  people  be  expected  to  forget  which  hie  name  wnnld  have  expressed, 
their  reTotutionary  emancipation  from  he  oonld  hsTS  been  elected.  What 
foreign  dominion,  and  ooort  a  sabcnia-  far  and  fitint  approach  to  a  chamja  can 
aiTO  retara  to  the  yoke  of  English  roo-  his  friends  dream  of  for  him  now  t 
narchy,  as  the  Demooralic  Party  erer  No  smalt  part  of  the  remarkaUe  on- 
to reconcile  itself  to  the  retetablisb-  thcsiaam  now  animating  the  Demeora- 
ment  of  a  National  Bank,  or  efet  to  cy  is  derived  from  ibelr  deep  repog- 
eease  to  wage  against  each  an  insUin-  nance  to  Mr.  Clay,  and  to  all  that  ays- 
tion  a  war  of  noforgiTing  exiermina-  lem  and  spirit  of  adninislratioD  t^ 
tion.  which  he  is  the  embodiment.      And 

Are  all  its  ronnnfacturing  and  me-  when  to  this  is  added  the  deep-seated 
chanicsl  industries,  too,  lo  M  kept  for  determination  formed  and  vowed  by- 
over  in  a  state  of  agitation  and  uncer-  handreds  of  thousands  in  the  Tcry 
tainty,  by  the  rain  attempt  to  force  month  of  NoTember,  1840,  that  1844 
upon  the  country  a  aaicidal  extreme  of  should  well  atone  for  all  that  disastrons 
the  protective  policy,  to  which  the  disgrace  to  the  oonntry  itself,  and  to 
conntry  never  can,  nerer  will,  and  (he  general  cause  of  free  inslitutioas, 
never  ought  to  sabmii  without  perpe-  we  need  be  at  no  loss  to  account  for 
tnal  resisunco  and  perpetnal  straggle  <  the  innumerable  gatherings  that  aasem- 
— which  onoe  gave  tn  the  Union  the  ble  in  all  sections  of  the  conntry  at  iIm 
most  aerioDS  shook  it  ever  received,  call  of  the  Democratio  trumpet,  aod 
and  which  may  welt  perhaps  be  ex-  foe  the  glowing  srdor  and  high-stmng 
pected  to  lead  before  long  to  another,  resolve  with  which  they  are  all  aai* 
if  that  policy  and  that  party  should  be  mated.  This  is  «  eonlest  in  which  w* 
placed  m  tbe  ascendant  in  Um  federal  all  feal  that  we  are  eoniending  foe 
government.  aomething  more  and  better  than  any 

We  should  feel  well  asanredon  these  petty  pectiniery  interests.  It  is  not  line 
simple  broad  grounds  of  what  the  mors  or  less  tariff  protection — formers 
people  ought  to  decide,  and  what  they  or  leas  of  influence  on  prices  and  tlM 
might  be  expected  to'  decide ;  what  reward  of  indoatty  throogh  meaantm 
their  decision  would  be,  even  if  we  had  of  financial  policy — for  more  or  leaa  of 
Doneoftho  conclusive  evidences  above  national  extension  of  territory.  On 
adverted  to,  of  what  their  decision  these  points,  and  all  suoh  points,  dM 
already  is.  advantage  might  he  against  us  instead 

No;  with  ail  hia  brilliant  powers  and  of  in  our  favor,  as  it  is;  and  yet  dowc 
bad  principles — the  latter  so  much  ilie  believe  that  the  Democratic  spirit 
worse  for  tbe  very  brillisoey  of  the  wonld  be  no  less  powerfully  sroosml, 
former — Clay  could  never,  tboagh  he  no  less  eagerly  bent  on  the  vjcten 
were  to  outlive  the  years  of  Matbusa-  which  its  rising  enlhusissm  hu  al- 
leb,  overcame  the  profbnnd  aversion  ready  assured.  We  feel  it  to  be  to- 
with  which  he  is  regardod,  and  with    deed  a  qnsstion  between  demoeraoj  f  I 

whiebiso  long  uhe  zentaiu  Heaiy   aod  nnnleinooncj—seaimt for ptia* VjOOQ I C 


■iplei  higtier  than  injr  pertnna]  inUr-  IndM  u  meb — vs  Ggbt  for  nA  paj— 

nta — for   Iha  boaor  of  our  eouDtrr —  we  Sght  for  tbe  take  of  no  Una  of 

fet  the  inith  of  all  our  moat  chaTiahed  diaeipUne    or    orgtoisatjuD — we   Bght 

politieal    ideaa — for   Itia    msmoriea  of  each  ob   our   owd    houk — oat   of  ths 

our  moat  revered  aagea  aod  patrioie  of  {eeliog  in  oar  own  beart — aad  dists- 

Uk  days  wben  the  fuuitdalioiis  of  our  fore  we  ahall  conquer,  aa  we  are  glo- 

iMliluliona  were    laid — fur  the  taered  tioualy  ouhquering,  aa  nationa  alwajm 

oauM  of  the  verj  manhuod,  the   *erj  cooquer   who    couiend    in    ihia   apjrit 

hoiDBDilyi  Uiat  ia  in  ua.     And  in  auob  a  agaiaat  the  bad  Ijranniea  which  would 

coaicat,  Mich  a  eauae,  ws  fight  fur  dd  at  uoce  oppress  and  diagrsce  tham. 


FRIENDS  OP  KT  TOUTH. 


,  _  ._,         IS  of  my  yontii !  I  koow  not  wheta  y«  are. 

If  high  aspiring  sfier  ftme,  or  chasing  wsaltfa  afar ; 
Does  e'er  a  truant  thought  of  me  yoar  busy  mind  employ  * 
Or  doet  the  wrinUed  demon  can  auch  memoriea  all  deatroyf 

Tbe  woodlanda,  and  the  meadows,  and  the  ynong  epting'e  earliast  flow 
The  melody  of  auramer  bird  a,  oar  iry- planted  buwera, 
The  tinkling  mnsio  of  the  brook,  the  niehing  of  the  stream — 
Are  diey  to  be  forgotteo  like  the  shadows  of  a  dream  1 

Ah,  dear  conpanicns  of  my  youth  '.  how  memory  lores  to  twJM 
Around  the  thoughts  of  those  old  days,  like  an  o'er-shadowing  fine  i 
And  backward  aa  I  tarn  my  gaie,  your  Uibeaome  foniM  I  aee. 
And  bear  again  your  joyous  shouts  as  we  bounded  o'er  tbe  lee. 

Ah,  those  indeed  were  happy  daya  !  my  mind  was  then  as  fre* 
Aa  eag^e  on  the  mountain  bei|;ht — as  wind  upon  tbe  sea ; 
No  dark  or  gloomy  thought  e'er  cast  its  darkness  o'sr  my  brow, 
,  But  all  waa  bright  and  aunuy  where  the  ahadotra  leaglhau  now. 

Like  pilgrim  wandering  far  from  home,  who  seeks  some  distant  faill^ 
And  tnrns  a  wiatliil  glance  lo  where  bis  heart  it  lingering  stUl, 
And  almost  fanciea  that  he  hears  ramiliar  sounds  arise 
Up  from  the  quiet  ralley  where  hia  sleeping  mother  lies, — 

So  to  those  lost  bst  fondly  treasured  memories  of  tbe  sod, 
Hy  heart  still  tnrns  as  faithfully  as  needle  to  tha  pole, 
I  see  fhe  sittdowy  forms  of  youth  pass  by  in  sad  array — 
The  few  who  atill  are  journeying  on,  and  tbe  many  psse'dawayl 


Wb^e  faoly  aois  ot  faith  and  lote  are  aeotinerd  by  Tnih. 
Mw  Fori,  AugvU,  1844. 


lizcdbyGoOl^Ic 


rtu.)  LoD*^*  ua  riga. 


LOVE'S  LAST  VIGIL. 

Rest  theo,  darling,  on  the  pillow, 

Where  my  hand  bath  lam  thee  now. 
Where  the  moonbeam,  tolt  and  mellow, 

Li^ts  thy  pure  and  placid  brow ; 
Ijke  the  spirit  inly  aleepin^ 

Gleams  its  mild  and  tempered  light, 
As  an  angel  Euard  were  keeping 

Waleh  ondwatd  through  mystic  ni^t. 

Reit  thee,  boy, — no  thone^  of  khtow 

CloudE  thv  calm  eerenity, 
ThoQ^  eacQ  hour  that  briiu^  the  moiiow 

On  Its  wings  bears  grief  for  me ; 
Tranquilly  tny  young  hearth  beateth. 

Softly  rests  thy  hand  in  mine, 
But  the  burning  touch  it  mceteth, 

Tetla  bow  much  it  most  resign. 

Ere  this  boly  moonlight  waneth, 

Eire  the  morning  mounts  the  ilcy, 
Ere  this  hand  ray  own  retainetb 

Waves  it  free  and  glad  good-bye^- 
Ere  bestowed  the  last  caressing. 

Ere  the  parting  tear  is  shed, 
I  would  breathe  my  heart's  deep  bleaung. 

Boy,  o'er  thy  unconscious  h^. 

More  than  to  the  waste  the  fountain. 

More  than  sparlde  to  the  wave, 
Uore  than  aunaliinc  to  the  mountain. 

Was  to  me  the  joy  thoa  gave  I 
Briehtuess  in  thy  blue  eyes  glancii^, 

Thou^t  on  thy  fair  brow  the  whue, 
Hnsic  in  thy  light  foot's  dancing. 

Beauty  in  thy  lips'  sweet  smile ! 

Earnest  in  thy  pure  devotion, 

Hanging  round  thy  giandsire'a  chair^— 
Quick  m  every  bright  emotion. 

Thoughtful  in  each  tender  care ; — 
Loved  aLd  lovely,  boundintr  near  ua, 

Trusting,  gentle,  undemed, 
O  what  power  to  bless  and  cheer  nt 

In  the  spirit  of  a  child  ! 

When  thine  e^  to  mine  wu  lifted 
Something  in  its  beaming  slept, 


Of  a  cherish  one  and  gili(>d, 

Eteariv  loved  and  deeply  wept ; 
When  tny  name  by  otlien  spoken 


Deariv  loved  and  deeply  wept ; 
'ben  tny  name  by  otlien  spoken 
Gave  my  pulse  a  thrillins  start, 
mtcbed  a  chain,  whose  liiua  nnbt 
To  the  dead  have  bound  my  heart  :— 


Digitized  by  GOOI^IC 


LtmtU  Lait  YigO. 

Bot,  whftt  marrel  that  low  bendiiU' 
I  have  prayed  from  God'B  high  home, 

Those  pure  angela  might  descending 
Thy  aure  guardian  ones  become  1 

0  what  marvel  that  I  love  thee 
With  such  deep  intensity, 

That  to  those  who  now  remove  thee 
I  mast  yield  reluctantly  T 

Can  thy  mother's  lovo  be  deeper  ? 

Hath  it  more  endearing  power? 
Will  she  watch  the  little  sleeper 

With  more  care  than  I  this  hourl 
Will  she,  when  the  morning  ihinetb, 

Hasten  more  to  meet  thy  ^&ze  T 
Will  she,  when  the  snn  declinetb, 

Point  thee  to  its  pajting  tays  T 

Hear  thy  little  prayer  at  even — 

Asking-  health  for  him  wc  love  1 
Guide  thy  thoughts  to  yonder  heaven. 

Raise  them  earthly  things  above  T 
Will  the  cherish,  watch  and  keep  thee  T 

Fonder  hopes  about  thee  twine  7 
Can  she  treasure  thee  more  deeply, 

With  a  truer  heart  than  mine  t 

Universal  voice  hath  said  it. 

Yet  I  can't  believe  it  so ; 
Let  her  answer  who  hath  weighed  i^ 

Who  hath  felt  mv  parting  wo ; 
let  her  answer  ana  her  on^. 

Who  hath  sorrowed  in  her  heart, 
Who  hath  felt  her  spirit  lonely, 

Seen  its  brightest  hopes  depart ! 

Sleep  on,  bright  one  !  all  unheeding 
Tears  that  fall  without  mjr  will. 

On  the  mom  to  this  succeeding, 
I  may  not  behold  tbee  alill : 

1  restore  thee  to  thy  mother. 

In  thy  kindred's  home  to  dwell, 
Bot  the  grief  I  cannot  smother, 
Btuets  in  this  wild  word — fiirewell  I 


dbvGooi^Ic 


Th»  Currtney  QuMtitn. 


THE    CURRENCY    QUESTION. 

Tbb  chief    raeMnra     oa     which   the  otiIb  entailed  by  the  old  had  not  yet  p«»- 

Whig  party  haye  elearly  tiaked  thetf  «ed  away,  that  Mr.  Clay  projected  hii 

fbnunea  in  the  coming  contest,  ia  the  "national  Bink"  with  a  capital  o{  tSO,- 

mtoralion  o(  a  National  Bank,  with  all  000,000.     The  object  of  the  instttutioii 

itiBpeeu1ation«,fraadaaDd  coDTuUion*.  wasstaledbyMr.  Clay  in  his  place  in  the 

It   is   true   that   this  object  has  been  Senate,  tn  be  "the  supply  ot  a  uniform 

■omewhat  thinly  roiled  itom  the  public  carreaey,"  "  the  equalization  of  domea- 

view   became   even   the   recklessness  tic  exchange,"  and  "  to  enable  the  gor- 

of  haekneyed  partisans  hesitates,  when  eminent  lo  perform  ita  floaneia]  duties." 

from  amid  the  festering  eorraptions  of  The  idea  of  supplyinf;  a  nation  with  a 

tiM  late  national  fianic,  its  beggared  currency,  has  something  grand  in  itself, 

■toekboldera,  its  hinkrupt  debtors,  iti  and  is  peculiarly  sdapwd  to  strike  tbv 

defaulting  officers,  and  defrauded  notC'  imagination,  more  particularly  at  a  tinw 

Iwlders,  an  appeal  is  made  to  tbe  people  when  the  legitimate  currency  has  been 

OD  "the  Dscesaity  of  such  another  insti-  driven   forth   of   the   country   by   the 

totion,"  to  endorse  that  necessity  as  an  OTeracliun  of  a  paper  medium,  whicli 

article  of  political  foith.    This  task  is  usurped  its  place,  and  which,  from  its 

the  mote  ardnons  when  we  reflect  apou  own  dishonor,  was  no  longer  capable  of 

the  present  state  of  the  country  in  re-  performing  the  duties  assigned  to  it. 

gard  to  its  financial  affairs.     Theaban-  For  years  the  people  liad  tMen  accu^ 

dance  of  money  which  exists  in  alt  tomed  to  the  use  of  bank  paper  almoat 

quarters,  for  those  who  have  anything  to  exclusively,  as  a  circulating  medium, 

give  for  it,  tbe  perfect  uniformity  of  All  remittances  from  the  interior  were 

the  currenay  at  all  points,  the  cheap-  made  in  that  medium.     The  traveller 

ness  and  regularity  of  all  the  exchangee  for  a  short  distance  took  with  him  tho 

foreign   and   domestic,  and  the  ample  promises  of  local  banks,  and  when  ho 

means  of  remittance  which  exists  in  all  travelled   tu   remote   [Miints,  furnished 

sections  of  the  union,  from  ilseomraer-  himself  with  the  promises  of  the  lata 

eial  centre  lo  the  most  remote  of  its  National  Bank.     The  precious  metal* 

frontier  eetllements,  at  rates  less  than  bad  for  a  long  lime  ceased  to  circulate 

ever     before — all     these      distinctive  'in  sums  larger  than  tbe  frsctions  of  k 

features  of  the  msrket  would  seem  to  dollar,and  the  plenteousness  and  variety 

preclude  the  idea  of  disturbing  tbe  cur-  of  the  paper  issues  were  daily  increas- 

lent  of  affaire  by  a  gigantic  financial  ingiBlthoughnoapparentdiSerencB  wsa 

undertaking  under  the  sanction  of  con-  manifest  in  the  values  of  any  descrip- 

greas.      loe    scheme  was  projected,  tion,   because    they    all   pretended   to 

however,  when  yet  the  distress  and  de-  famish  on  demand  the  amount  of  coin 

Tangemeotof  local  bank  currencies  pro-  promised  on  tbe  face.    Tbe  apparent 

dueed  by  the  dissolution  of  the  late  na-  uniformity  of  value  was  sustained  aim' 

tional  Bank  aystem  was  general,  white  ply  by  confidence  in  the  ability  of  the- 

broken  speculators  were  clamorous  for  promisers.  SuddenlyhoweverthesceiW' 

means  to  carry  out  their  proGtleas  ad-  was  changed.    The  late  National  Bank 

Tentnres,  while  the  merchant  was  sab-  ceased  to  perform  ita  promisee,  and  a^ 

Jected  to  aminoualoss  on  the  deprecia-  other  inatilutiuns  failing  in  their  turn,, 

tion  of  distant  paper  and  called  the  rate  the  chaotic  mass  of  currency  preaented*! 

of  exchange,  when  aound  paper  could  a  tbonsand    degrees  of   ^oe.     The 

notbeobuinedfurremittancebecauseit  paper  of  Pennsylvania  Banks  was  at 

was  monopolised  by  broken  banks  that  10  percent,  discount,  as  compared  with: 

used  it  to  speculate  in  their  own  dishon-  that  of  New  York.     The  late  National 

ored  liabilitiea.  Itwaaatsnchtimewbea  Bank  issues  were  at  40  per  cent,  dis- 

individoals  were  defranded  with  shin-  eonnt  as  compared  with  those  of  Phila- 

Slastera,  merchants  with  broken  bank  delphia,  and  of  the  thousand  banka 

rsfta,  and  bank  debtors  ruined  by  the  spread  over  the  l)road  aarface  of  the 


wiUidraw^  of  loans,  not  because  there    Union,  not  two  of  them  were  rated  at 


a  naUoital  Bank,  but  because  tiia    the  tame  value  u  compared  with 


tbi  Google 


S33                                      The  Currency  Qiuttitm.  yOttt. 

specie  which  they  promiBed, and  scarce-  to  ane-tbicd  of  kll  (he  import  pie*ioiw- 

Iv  any  of  them  were  bu  degraded  u  ly,  Hiace  tlie  furmalion  of  Ibe  gUTera- 

'    UiuH  uf  (be  late  NationaJ  Ha.iik.    That  nieni.     )□  the  aame  period  there  haa 

ioalilutiud,  backed  by  a  host  ot'fraudu-  been  coined  •ae,60H,54T.     I'hs  whola 

lent  currency  furDishers.  had  sent  the  coinage  from  the  eatablifihment  uf  the 

coDBlitulional  medium  tu  Europe,  and  mint  m  ITUS  to  ITSB,  waa  8T;i,eSl,446, 

their   ewn    wonhleaa     iasuCE   clioked  cuneequeiilly  the  coinage  ut'lbeJaatsix 

every  channel  of  trade,  tantalized  with  yeura  id  e^ual  to  40  pur  ceuL.  ol' thai  of 

their  deceitful  presence  the  pockets  of  the  previous  furty-iix  years.     The  our- 

the    industrious    poor,   and   defrauded  tency  of  (he  country  has  Ihue  actusllf 

credilois  of  a,  large  suoi  in  depreciation,  been  supplied  by  the  operations  of  cum- 

which  knavish  remitiing  banks  called  tnerce  through  the  mtnl,  silently  and 

the  "tale  of  exchange."     At   such  a  effeciiTely.     Near  iJU,000,OOU  in  sums 

moment  the  high  sounding  project  "  of  less  than  f  10  have  actually  |iassed  iottt 

luToishing  a  sound  and  uuiluiiu  curren-  circulution,  being  aa  amouut  of  cutrea- 

OT  of  equal  value  iti  al!  sections  of  llie  cy  three  times  as  large  as  the  averago 

Union  "  vvas  ushered  forth  as  the  only  issues  uf  the  late  National  Institution, 

means  of  saving  the   country.     Thi*  during  the  whole  twenty   years  cf  iui 

cnrrency  was  to  be  constituted  of  the  existence, 

promises  of  an  institution,  the  capital  of  This  curtency  penetrates  into  eieiy 
which,  4&0,00l),000,  wan  to  be  formed  seclioa  of  the  union  precisely  in  pr^' 
of  the  promises  of  the  iState  and  federal  portion  to  the  wants  of  that  sectioD, 
soTerntacDts  and  of  individuals,  and  to  because  it  is  brought  ihitliet  in  ex- 
be  put  into  circulation  by  paying  guv-  change  for  produce.  The  supply,  u»- 
ernmenl  debts,  and  lending  the  money  like  that  of  paper,  does  notdepend  up- 
to  (hose  who  chose  to  burrow,  without  on  the  will  of  an  issuing  bank,  exceed- 
^oubi  in  the  some  manner  that  the  luans  ing  one  day  the  wants  uf  the  commu- 
of  the  late  National  Bunk  were  made,  nity,  and  the  next  falling  far  short  of 
Tiz :  BO  per  cent  of  its  capital  on  psper  it ;  but  it  invariably  follows  the  actual 
which  the  investigating  cummitiee  re-  elate  of  trade.  11'  at  any  point  thers 
port  "not  of  a  mercantile  character."  is  a  want  of  money,  the  fact  exhibits  tt- 
This  currency  so  based  was  to  pene-  self  in  low  prices  .as  compared  Hith 
trate  into  all  the  channels  of  circula-  other  points,  and  the  vigilance  of  trad- 
tioD,  and  remedy  the  evils  which  were  ers  promptly  remedies  the  tnallar.  la 
then  felt  to  be  nnmerous  and  burden-  this  currency  is  made  payaiile,  the  in* 
some.  The  project  failed  in  1641,  and  dividual  bills  growing  out  of  the  actual 
since  then  the  laws  of  trade  and  the  in- .  business  of  the  nation,  and  there  can 
dustry  of  the  people,  have,  under  the  be  no  want  of  uuifurmity  in  valne  of 
oonstitational  laws  of  Congress,  snppli-  those  bills,  because  they  tse  all  paya> 
ed  a  currency,  intrinsically  sound,  and  ble  in  the  same  medium,  subject  tu  Um 
of  uniform  vahie,  not  only  throughout  same  laws,  and  influenced  by  the  ssm* 
the  union,  hot  over  the  whole  commer-  causes.  This  ia  not  the  pass  when 
cial  world.  The  defect  which  had  pre-  bills  are  payable  in  bank  paper,  beeauaa 
Tiously  existed  in  our  cnrrency  laws,  although  tbat  paper  may  be  ledsemed 
prior  to  July,  I S34,  was  remedied  by  the  in  specie,uid  therefore  Dominally  equl 
gold  bill  of  (hat  date.  Tbat  bill  raised  to  it;  yet  it  is  not  so,  because,  like  all 
the  relative  value  of  gold  to  silver  abuul.  other  articles,  it  is  subject  tu  the  laws  of 
t  68-|00  per  cent.,  and  counteract-  supply  and  demand.  Its  value  may  be 
•d  that  tendency  of  gold  to  go  abroad  greatly  less  al  one  lime  than  aaoihei, 
in  exchange  foi:  silver,  which  had  pre-  uwing  to  too  great  a  supply  by  the  local 
ifoualy  been  perceptible.  Fiom  tbat  branch.  This  diminisbed  vsloe  will 
time  the  import  of  itie  precious  metals  exhibit  itself  in  a  rise  of  prices,  while 
began  both  to  increase,  and  when  once  at  souther  point  a  couiraclion  is  going 
coined,  to  remain  in  circulation,  and  on  in  lower  prices,  both  operatiuua  w 
graduBlly  to  take  the  place  of  tlie  per-  contraction  and  expansion  being  de- 
nicious  paper  issues  as  they  were  with-  signed  to  favor  a  ntuTement  uf  the 
drawn.  So  great  has  been  (he  increase  mother  bank,  which  may  be  bay- 
of  Ibis  currency  within  (be  last  six  iag  bills  at  one  point,  arul  selling  at 
jesia,  that  (he  excess  of  the  precious  another.  This  manner  of  "  regalaiiBg" 
laeial*  imported  through  the  Custom  exchanges  brings  us  to  the  other  <J>ject 
Kouse  emuunis  to  430,148,874;  eqnsl  fbi  which  a  bauk  is  snppused  tu  to  B*- 


gle 


tN4.]  Tit  Cmrrmey  QutMtion.  3S3 

M9MTJ,  Tiz., "  to  oqnBliio  domestic  ex-  ing  buyer,  and  not  being  obliged  to  pay 

ehao^s."     When,  aa  in  furmar  yeitra,  nutapecisjhasonly  to  giro  its  promisee 

bills  or  exchange  were  p.-kyab!e  in  th6  at  will,  in  exchange,  to  almost  my 

local  currencies  at  the  pointe  on  which  amounl.     It  liaa  a  duutile  advantage  in 

they  vteie  drawn,  and  the  depreciattiin  this,  to  obtain  pussesaiun  of  the   biltai 

of  th<n^ currencies  entered   into  and  and  to  circulate  ila  notes,     ll  alway* 

Ibrnied  a  part  of  the  price  nf  the   bill,  pays  the  hii.'heBt  price,  and  in  selling, 

the  rates  of  exehinge  presented  every  must  hare  the  largest  prufis  to  mainuin 

variety   of  discount  according  tn  the  its  eKpensire  machinery,  and  pay  a  fair 

Kale  (if  the  currency.     The  great  In-  dividend  tu  its  stock  holders.     Hencer 

ternal  business  of  the  union  is  transact'  the  high  price  paid  fur  bills  is  no  gain 

ed   hy   individual   bills  drawn  against  to   the   producer,    because    tliat    higti 

arodaee  shipped  lo  market,  and  the  enl-  price,  with  a  large  profit  super 


of  notes  given  by  dealers  fur  must  he  paid  by  the  merchant  who  buy* 
goods  porchased.  If  business  and  the  the  bill  fur  a  remittance,  and  its  prica 
coarse  of  trade  are  not  disturbed  by  the  forms  part  of  the  cost  of  goods  put- 
operation  of  banking  institutions,  the  chased  by  the  producers.  The  bank 
amuant  of  goods  purchased  will  always  having  then  raised  the  general  level  of 
very  nearly  equal  the  amount  of  bills  bills  beyond  tvliat  the  price  would  otb- 
drawn  against  produce  shipped,  and  erwise  be,  has  no  interest  in  maiotain- 
the  season  close  withont  the  necessity  ing  those  rates  at  a  uniform  point,  be- 
for  the  movement  of  the  precious  rae-  cause  only  in  flucluations  can  it  find 
tals.  The  shipper  of  produce  alwavs  its  proRts.  The  larger  the  difierenc* 
jtnds  a  customer  for  his  bill  at  a  rate  far  between  what  it  gives  and  what  it  re- 
less  than  it  would  cost  him  to  draw  the  ceives,  (he  greater  its  prolils,  and  these 
proceeds  nf  his  bill  home  in  specie,  fluctoations,  it  is  wilhin  its  own  ovei- 
The  trader  who  buys  the  bill  soon  finds  shadowing  power  to  produce,  and  it 
a  purchaser  of  goods  who  is  in  want  uf  never  failed  to  do  su. 
Ihe  means  of  remittance,  and  he  sells  The  inequalities  in  exchanges  whieb 
ibe  bin  to  him  at  a  small  fraction  of  one  have  been  experieuced  in  the  last  few 

fT  cent   above   what  he  gave  for  it  years,  have  beeiv  of  two  sorts.     That 

he  bill  is  sent  forward  in  payment  of  arising  from  an  actual  balance  against 

the  (roods,  and  the   whole  accoont   is  any  point  consequent  upon  its  overpur- 

■ettted,  simply  by  the  transrer  of  the  chases,   and   that   apparent  inequality 

local  currency  frnai  the  hands  of  buy-  arising  from  the  depreciation  of  the  lo- 

ers  of  goods,  to  the  sellers  of  produce,  cal  currency  consequent  upon  the  eus- 

Tbos,  the  shipperofpmdnCB,  in  selling  pensions   of  the   Banks.     This   latter 

'  bis  bill   to  the  individnal   banker,   re-  may  exist  when  actoallj  ihe  commer- 

eeivea  from  him  an  amount  of  actual  eiaf' exchanges  are  at  par.     Over  this 

money,  which  he  circulates  among  the  latter  state  of  exchange,  it  is  evident  a 

fanners   in   payment   of   the  produce  National  Bank  docs  and  can  have   tto 

shipped.    These  pay  back  the  money  control  whatever.    The  cause  is  the 

into  the  hands  of  the  store- keeper,  who,  depreciation,  owing  to  the  failure  of  the 

when  he  has  collected  it,  buys  the  bill  issuing  banks,  of  the  paper  used  as  cat* 

to  send  forward   in  ihe  purchase  of  jency. 

goods.  Under  Ihe  onnslitutiona)  cur-  This  is  now  the  case  with  tha  cur- 
rency, the  exports  by  these  means  reney  of  Alabama.  The  remedy  le 
generally  govern  the  imports,  and  the  the  resumption  of  the  bank,  and  unless 
jeinand  fur  bills  being  always  nearly  the  national  institution  should  under- 
equal  to  the  snpply,  tha  rale  will  not  lake  to  pay  the  debts  of  all  the  brokea 
Tary  much  from  par  either  way.  Thia  local  banks,  it  could  do  nothing  in  iI|b 
is  the  natural  state  of  exchanges  such  matter,  and  could  not  even  obtain  cit- 
as  exist  in  Europe,  and  snch  as  has  culalion  fur  its  own  issacs.  The  other 
been  their  condition  in  the  United  state  of  exchanges  being  an  actual  bal- 
Slates  fur  the  past  two  years,  during  enee  due  from  one  point  to  another,  ia 
whiehlheaveragBofexchanges  hasheen  a  commercial  debt  that  must  be  paid, 
SO  per  cent  less  than  during  the  palrai-  and  the  more  promptly  the  belter. 
est  days  of  the  lave  National  Bank.  This,  in  a  natural  state  of  the  market. 
It  ia  the  nature  of  a  bank  to  enhance  would  take  place  by  the  gradual  rise  of 
ihegeneral  price  of  exchange,  becaose  it  bills,  until  it  reached  a  premium  ibat 


»  P" 
« into  ihe  matket  as  a  monopolis-    would  cover  the  cost  of^  i 


""■"•'  "^oogll: 


43<  The  Curreney  Qae*UM.  [Ot*. 

■peeiB.  That  event  noE  onlj  setLlea  the  officer  is  neeesurj  to  seeuTe  tb&t 
the  balance,  but  prevents  the  re-accu-  proper  atlcnlion  to  Ihe  isauing  of  lbs 
'mulalion  of  a  debt.  Because,  the  debt  funds  of  the  concern  without  which  no 
was  contracied  through  the  fulness  of  business  can  be  properly  conducted, 
the  currencj  at  ihe  indebled  point,  ex-  This  attention  can  be  obtained  ootj 
bibiting  itself  in  high  prices  for  goods,  from  one  whose  business  liaHts  hava 
which  induced  their  import  he;ond  titled  htm  fur  the  ofSce,  and  wbaae  fame 
ivhat  the  exports  of  that  secliun  could  and  fortune  depend  upon  the  success 
pay  for,  and  the  difference  was  required  with  which  be  manages.  This  cannot 
to  be  settled  in  specie,  which,  by  de-  be  expected  from  the  salaried  Dominea 
pleling  the  currency,  lowered  prices,  of  the  government.  The  greatest 
and  checked  further  imports.  This  is  sagacity  and  extensive  experience  are 
the  natural  operation  of  trade,  which  at  all  times  requisite  to  distiuguisli 
regulates  exchanges.  The  bank,  how-  between  the  real  and  fictitious  bills 
ever,  operates  dinerently ;  when  a  bal-  offered  for  discount ;  and  the  utmost 
yce  exhibits  itself  ajjainst  a  given  vigilance  to  watch  over  all  the  trans- 
point,  exchanges  are  permitted  to  rise,  actions  from  inception  to  njaturitj, 
until  they  havenearlytouchedihsspecie  and  ultimate  payment.  These  quali- 
point,  in  order  that  the  bank  may  ob-  ties  are  rarely  combined  in  the  person 
tain  the  highest  price  foe  ita  bills,  of  an  individual,  and  when  that  is  the 
These  it  draws  against  the  credit  of  its  caae,  the  buainess  of  such  an  individual 
branch  at  ihe  desired  point,  and  fre-  ig  marked  by  sncceas,  while  multi- 
qaently  discDunis  the  note  of  the  re-  tudes  of  oihers  foil  around  him  for  the 
milter,  in  order  to  enable  him  lo  buy  want  of  them.  Precisely  in  proporlJoii 
the  bill.  Hence,  the  debt  is  not  actu-  as  Ihe  government  of  banks  becomes 
slly  paid,  and  the  currency  is  increas-  remoTed  from  Ibe  personal  interest  and 
ed  instead  of  diminished,  at  the  given  individual  management  of  its  owners, 
point.  The  disposition  to  send  goods  do  itsmovemenls  becomemore  hazard- 
thither  consequently  remains,  end  no-  ous,  and  its  operations  mora  injurioos 
thing  has  been  effected  but  that  the  to  the  general  interest.  In  small  in- 
banlc  has  obtained  a  profit  on  its  cred-  stitutions  this  is  less  the  case  than  in 
its,  which  are  increased  alternately  at  large  ones,  the  capital  of  which  being 
each  branch,  continually  swelling  the  divided  among  numeroos  stockholders 
sggregate  amount  of  loans  until  eipio-  the  directors  and  managers  become  lew 
won  is  inevitable,  In  this  way  (he  laie  responsible,  and  less  personally  inter* 
National  Bank  went  on  adding  annually  ested,  and  mote  opea  lo  influences 
to  its  loans,  until  they  rose  from  2€  other  that)  those  of  a  strict  pecuniaTj 
roillions  in  ISHi,  when  it  first  got  fairly  nature.  In  a  National  Bank,  the  cap-  . 
into  opersiian,  to  67  millions,  when  it  ital  of  which  is  subscribed  by  govera- 
failed.  There  is  no  settlement  or  ment,  and  which  necessarily  is  presided 
equalization  of  debts  ot  exchanges,  but  oyer  by  piiiitical  friends  of  the  admin- 
bj  paying  the  balance  doe.  That  can  istration,  all  the  requisite  qual  ill  cat  ions 
always  be  done  by  the  movement  of  disappear  from  the  management,  and 
individuals,  to  better  advantage,  than  the  institution,  despite  the  honesty  or 
by  an  enormous  monled  monopoly,  with  the  public  officer,  how  faithful  and 
its  armies  of  oflicers  to  feed,  and  stock-  conscientious  soever  he  may  be,  must 
holders  to  satisfy,  become  the  receptacle  for  that  descrip- 
In  the  practical  operation  of  ex-  lion  of  paper  rejected  by  the  aagacily 
change  dealings  bya  National  Bank,  it  of  individuals,  where  their  interest  and 
comes  to  be  true  that  the  institution,  vigilance  were  brought  more  particuUr- 
from  its  very  nature,  becomes  the  vie-  ly  to  bear  upon  them.  That  this  was 
tim  of  fictitious  hills,  based  upon  specu-  eminently  the  case  with  the  late  Na- 
lationa  which  spring  into  life  through  tional  Bank  is  made  eminenllv  appa- 
its  own  influence.  The  purchasing  uf  rent  when  at  its  liquidation  a  detail  of 
biljs  of  exchange  is  in  efiect  simply  assets  was  exhibited  ihat  excited  getie- 
ex'changing  the  credit  of  the  bank  fur  lal  surprise  and  ridicule. 
those  of  individuals.  To  exercise  this  Another  benefit  supposed  to  be  de- 
power  safely  these  qualiGcatiuns  are  rivable  from  a  Naliusal  Bank,  is  ill 
absolutely  necessary,  viz.  persnnnl  care  of  the  public  money  ;  that  it  will 
interest,  great  sagacity,  and  sleepless  performtbosedutieswhichDOwdevoIrs 
sigilance.    The    personal  interest  of  on  the  Treasury  department  and  ilf 


oogle 


18i4.1  Tb  Curmcy  QimiMm.  3S6 

dapendenciea.  The  re*enDS  of  the  ortbe  New  Toik  Btnlca.  Thia  Urg« 
fedoral  gOTernment  ma;  iTera^  (30,-  tam  in  th«  handa  of  a  National  Bank 
000,000  per  Bnnun],and  is  collecud  bj  would  become  the  immediata  basis  of 
the  oflicera  of  the  customs  and  land  its  operaiiuns.  The  money  paid  into 
ref  enuei,  and  paid  ont  by  another  set  it  from  all  the  other  banks  would  bfl 
of  officers  as  fast  as  the  government  drawn  from  them  in  specie  and  the  pay- 
liabilities  matare.  Under  an  economi-  menta  made  by  it  would  be  in  its  own 
eil  admioisl ration,  and  when  the  rere-  credits,  which  inevitably  would  swell 
nne  collected  is  no  greater  than  the  nniil  revnlaion  iovolved  the  covernmeot 
wants  of  the  government,  there  can  be  funds,  a  result  that  would  inevitably 
DO  aecomolsiion  of  foods  in  the  handa  have  taken  place  had  not  the  depoaitea 
of  the  department.  The  leveoues  flow  been  removed  from  the  late  Nation^ 
im  on  one  hand,  and  flow  out  on  the  Bank  in  season.  The  operation  ofth* 
other,  giving  activity  to  the  precious  Sub-Treasury  is  on  the  other  hand  per-' 
metals,  and  never  suffering  them  to  fectly  simple,  entirely  safe,  and  asaista 
remain  idle  or  to  become  the  basis  of  the  movemeola  of  trade.  Id  the  year 
iasnea  of  credit,  for  private  and  indi-  1639,  under  its  imperfect  organiiatloD, 
Tidaal  advantage,  whereby  risks  are  the  expenditure  uf  government  waa 
iocnrred,  which,  withoat  profit  to  the  9^5,000,000.  orthereveaaB,twO'thirdi 
goTemment,  Ifeequently  aobjeet  it  to  was  collected  in  the  port  of  New  York. 
foaaea.  •20,000,000  of  the  paymenta  made  trf 

Subeequent  to  the  expiration  of  the  the  government  were  through  the  mft- 

ehaiter  of  the  late  National  Bank,  and  dium  of  drafta  directly  drawn  on  ool- 

durinff  the  adminiatrBtion  of  the  depart-  leotora   and   receivers.     Tbeae   drafts 

mentby  Mr.  Woodbury,  an  aggregate  were  required  to  be  promptly  presented 

of  $300,000,000    was    collected    and  in  order  that  Ihey  should  not  cirealattt 

disbursed  all  over  the  Union,  by  that  aamoney.andslso  that  no  money  shoold 

officer,  not  oolv  without  any  aasistance  remain  idle.   So  closely  did  theaediafta 

from  a  bank,  but  while  exposed  to  its  for  expenses  follow  the  receipts,  that 

constant  hostility.    During  this  period,  of  919,000,000  received  at  this  port,  aa 

there  were  two  sennral  anspensions  of  amount  larger  thin  (50,000  was  nevai 

ill  the  banks.     Without  a  specie  cur-  on  hand  at  the  close  uf  any  one  week. 

rencT,  the  Union  was  filled  with  worth-  There  was  no  room  fur  loans  lo  specn- 

leaa  tmnkpaper  of^ldeacriptions;yet,  latora,  or  operations   in  stocks.     Tha 

through  the  skill  and  vigilance  of  the  tBooey  passed  from  the  hands  of  the 

department,  the  enormous  sum  men-  merchants  into  the  Treasury  and  oat 

tioiied,   was  collected    aed    disbursed  again  without  slopping  into  the  ohan- 

with  a  loaa  amounting  to    no    more  nela  of  buaineas,  giriaga  healthjaotir- 

than  one-half  of  one  per  cent,  on  the  ity  to  the  circulation  which  more  than 

whole  amount,  and  35  per  cent,  teas  aoything  else  contributed  to  the  anims- 

tban  the  loss  sustained  when  the  system  tion  of  trade.    How  different  has  been 

under   a   United  States  Bank   was  in  the  operation  this  year !     During  the 

t^ration.     These   facts  show    incon-  past  sis  months  near  (13,000,000  la 

trovertibly,  that  a  bank  ie  utterly  use-  the  port  of  New  York  aloee  has  been 

less  aa  to  any  real  assistance  which  it  drawn  from  the  means  of  merchsnla  by 

lends  to  the  department.    It  is  unda-  exorbitant  taxation,  and  the  money  pat 

niahle,  however,  that  through  its  con-  into  banks  has  either  remained  idle  ot 

nectioQ  with  the  Treasury  such  an  in-  has  only  stimulated  a  most  pernicious 

atitetion  beeoroea  a  Slate  engine  of  no  gambling  io  stocks.     In  the  handa  of 

mean      influence,     more     particularly  a  National  Bank  it  would  have  been 

when,  as  is  now  the  case,  through  ex-  the  cause  of  worae  evils. 
orbitBut  taxation  the  revenues  are  made        In  the  various  operations  of  busineat, 

to  exceed  b^  more  than  100  per  cent.,  the  largest  portion  of  government  reve- 

the  expenditnres  of    the  department,  nue  is  collected  at  New  York  and  Bos- 

and  an  accumulating  surplns  givea  the  ton,  while  the  expenditures  of  the  gov- 

institutioD  most  extraordinary  facilities  ernment  are  made  over  every  State  of 

(br  Btimulatins  speculation.  the   Union.     Now,  it  so  happens   that 

On  the  aOtliof  July  last,  the  aorplus  Boston  and  New  York,  where  the  gof- 

nvennes  of  the  government  were  over  ernment  funds  accumulate,  are  not  on- 

(10,000,000  lying  idle  in  bank  vaults,  ly  the  centres  of  the  business  for  eack 

orwfaieb(6,3T4,000  was  in  the  vaults  aeciion,  but  NewYorkisfor  theUoiun; 


GoogI;c 


The  Currency  Qaettitm. 


B>9I- 


Itiat  ij,  it  ia  the  great  point  of  finati-  Cuatom  Hoaae  ofSoers,  it  follows  lluiV 

eial    (iperatioDs.      Tliiiber    tends    fur  a  bill  drawn  against  theae  funds  b;  Ihm 

•ate  the  largest  poTlion  of  the  produce  dcparlment  and  given  to  the  gOTein- 

of  the  Union,  and  of  bills  drawn  afcainal  menE  credimr,  ia  woith  a  premian\  mt 

produce     shipped    from     otiier  points,  anj  point  (iflhe  Union  ;  and  if  the  rere- 

ind  to  that  point  resort  mostly  dealers  nue  is  proportioned  to  the  eicpeiiditura, 

for  the    purchase  ot  goods,   imported  Iheis  drafts   will    alwnja  esliaust  col- 

and   domeBiio.     Hence,  in  the  course  leciiona  aa  Bo<m  as  ihe^  a^e  made.  We 

of  trade,   exchanges  are  uniformly  in  will  llluatrata   by  taking  the  receipts 

&Tor  of  Boston  from  all  parts  of  New  and    expenditures    fur    each    State    ia 

England  and  of  Nbw  York,  from  all  New  England  fiirtheyear  1S44,  when 

pana  of  the  Union.     Now,  as  the  gov-  the  revenues  and  expense's  were  oearlj 

emment  funda  are  mostly  collected  at  equal  : 
tbes«  two  paints  in  Ibe   bands  of  the 


Termoot, 

IEB,600 

179  ■ 

185,421 

NeV^ampahire, 

27P.400 

171,954 

103,448 

334,400 

16,373 

318.027 

Rhode  laiand. 

304,800 

119,  t40 

lSG,fl60 

M4,«H) 

47,890 

196,110 

UaisaebaaelU, 

J,S7a.R(tP 

2,690,578 

Total, 


2,920,000 


Now,  here  it  ia  obsenable  that  the 
•orpins  collected  in  Boston  was  equal 
'  to  the  deficit  in  all  the  other  New  Eng- 
kod  States.  Hence,  &  simple  Trea- 
nry  draft  at  each  point  on  Boatiin, 
would  apread  the  collectinna  fmm  that 
city  over  tbe  whole  of  New  England. 
In  the  same  way  the  excess  of  collec- 
lions  at  New  York  was  tiear  tfl.OOO,- 
OOO.  The  cnstom-housea  are  cnnliou- 
«lly  drawing  specie  fmm  the  banks,  and 
gOTemment  <ftal\a  acatter  it  into  ibe 
oliannela  of  trade.  The  operation  ia 
simple  and  healthy.  Yet  it  is  contend- 
ed that  it  cannot  be  performed  without 
orealing  &  large  bank,  taking  all  lbs 
money  out  of  the  treaaury  and  putting  it 
into  ita  raults,  to  be  loaned  out  to  spceu- 
latort,  and  then  giving  the  govemTnnnt 
oreditoTS  the  promises  of  the  bank. 

The  experience  of  Ibe  past  few  veara 
baa  thoa  ahowa  ooncleaively  that  ao  far 
from  being  neeesssry  or  even  exped.cnt, 
a  Natioul  Bank,  ware  it  pnasibte  to 
organize  one,  ia  only  a  source  of  evil. 
It  diaorganistes  the  currency,  deranges 
the  excbanges  and  complicates  the  op- 


erations of  tbe  Treasnry,  The  eontitd 
which  it  was  formerly  supposed  to  faavs 
over  the  cnrrenajes  of  Ibe  locjil  bank* 
is  temporary  and  fleeting  in  its  nalura. 
Where  a  branch  bank  is  situated  within 
a  circle  of  local  inslitulions  and  be- 
comes the  receptacle  of  Eovemmenl 
dues  as  well  aa  the  agent  for  lh«  co). 
lection  of  all  the  debts  due  at  that  loeal- 
iiy  lo  the  other  branches,  it  neceaaarilj 
acquires  daily  balances  against  ths 
banks  within  ita  influence.  By  eoio- 
pelling  tbe  payment  of  these  balancsw 
m  apeeie,  it  hulda  a  conatant  cheek 
over  Iheir  operations.  It  is  OTident, 
however,  that  tbe  balance  consista  ia 
the  amount  of  their  obligations  which  it 
holds,  in  excess  of  its  own  outstanding, 
in  their  possession.  Hence,  when  it 
extends  the  sphere  of  its  own  action, 
the  local  banks  may  inereaaa  theirs 
withaut  swelling  the  halanea  againal 
them,  and  the  conlrol  which  the  ImDeli 
held  over  them  ia  relaxed,  and  a  gene- 
ral  expanaion  at  (hat  point  takes  place, 
to  be  succeeded  bj  airathM  until  i*ni- 
sion  follows. 


lizcdbyGoOl^Ic 


HARRO  EARRING :  A  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCH. 


SoMR  ortheTeadersof  this  Journal  may  ilea  from  Ttsly  and  Poland,  whom  we 
perhaps  recollect  tt  short  poem,  which  have  eeen  with  bo  mueb  interest  in  this 
appeared  in  a  former  number,  under  country  :  men  of  keen  sensibllilj  and 
the  title  of  "  The  Funeral  of  Goethe,  impelQOua  temperament,  who  embraced 
translated  from  the  German  of  Harro  the  cause  of  improvement  and  liberty  . 
Harring."  I  had  accidentally  met  with  with  the  enthusiasm  natural  to  youths 
the  original,  ia  a  Gecman  newspaper,  and  nnder  the  high  excitement  of  the 
published  in  Ihia  country ;  and,  without  day,  were  urged  at  times  to  a  degree 
entirely  concurring  in  the  senlimenta  of  Tiolence  which  mav  have  bordered 
expressed,  was  so  much  struck  with  on  eilravagance,  and  which  brought 
the  manly  vieor  of  the  style  and  the  ihem  into  conflict  with  the  laws.  Thia 
noble  spirit  of  independence  and  liberty  class  of  persons  is  very  numerous  on 
which  breathed  through  the  little  work,  the  continent  of  Europe,  and  especially 
that  I  was  templed  to  give  it  an  Eng-  in  Grermany.  Whatever  opinion  may 
liah  dress.  At  that  time  I  knew  nothing  be  entertained  of  the  practical  value  of 
«f  the  author,  and  had  never  even  heard  their  labors,  the  record  of  their  adveo- 
his  name.  Soon  aderwards  f  learned  tures  must  be  regarded  by  all  as  con- 
that  he  was  now  residing  at  New  York,  slituting  a  curious  and  important  chap- 
and  on  njy  next  visit  to  that  city  I  sought  ter  in  the  history  of  the  age.  Harro 
so  opportunity  to  make  his  acquaint-  Harring  has,  in  Manuscript,  voluminoos 
ance.  I  found  in  him  a  distinguished  memoirs  of  his  life,  which  may  proba- 
man  of  letters  and  poet,  who,  aAer  biy  see  the  light  at  some  future  day. 
passing  through  a  varied  and  adven-  In  the  mean  time,  a  Fuccincl  and  rapid 
torous  career  in  the  old  world,  had  review  of  his  career,  while  it  may  per- 
soughl  refuge  in  this  country  from  the  haps  prove  in  itself  a  not  entirely  unia- 

Eersecutions  to  which  he  had  rendered  leresting  article,  may  also  serve  as  a 
imself  obnoxious  by  his  efforts  in  the  sort  of  introduction  to  general  notice  of 
canse  of  political  refoim  and  liberty,  the  literary  works  which  he  ia  about  to 
In  the  full  vigor  ofhispowers, and  with  publish.  The  following  sketch  has 
stilt  unbroken  spirits,  he  proposes  to  accordingly  been  prepared  from  notes 
tetire  in  future  from  any  concern  with  furnished  by  the  subject,  and  carrying 
political  sSairs,  and  to  devote  the  re-  with  ihem,  for  the  most  part,  internal 
mainder  of  his  life  to  (he  quiet  pursuits  evidence  of  a  strict  adherence  to  truth. 
oftiterature.  He  has  already  publish-  Paul  Harro  Harring  is  a  native  of 
ed  in  this  country  a  selection  of  his  the  kingdom  of  Denmark.  He  waa 
poems,  in  the  original  German,  and  is  born  in  the  year  ISOO.at  Ibenshof, — an 
now  preparing  for  (he  press  a  t>ovbI,  eetatebelongingtohisfamily, — situated 
under  the  litle  of  South  America,  the  on  the  share  of  the  German  Ocean,  be- 
prineipal  incidents  of  which  are  to  he  tween  the  cities  of  Husum  and  Breid' 
taken  from  the  recent  wars  between  the  stUdE,  in  (he  province  of  South  Jutland. 
Republics  of  Montevideo  and  Buenos  The  inhabitants  of  that  part  of  Dsn- 
Ayres.  Hispreviousworksoflhisclass  mark  are  of  the  Friesland  race,  but 
have  met  with  success  in  Europe,  and  from  neighborhood  and  long  association 
one  of  them  is  pronounced  by  Menzel,  with  the  Danes,  among  whom  they 
ID  his  review  of  German  literature,  to  arc  situated,  and  with  whom  Ihey  are 
be  the  best  production  of  the  kind  tn  now  politically  connected,  hare  formed 
the  language.  A  full  account  of  the  their  manners  and  language  in  some 
life  of  Harro  would  occupy  volumes,  degree  on  the  Scandinavian  rootfel  ; 
and  would  illustrate  very  curiously  while  the  South  Frteslanders,  now- 
some  of  the  strongest  tendencies  of  composing  a  part  of  (be  kingdom  of 
public  opinion  and  feeling  in  Europe  at  Holland,  approach  more  nearly,  in  these 
the  present  stormy  period.  He  belongs  respects,  tn  the  German  branch  of  the 
lo  the  same  class  of  characters  with  same  original  Gothic  stock.  Amon;  ^  ~-  r 
Follen,  Lieher,  and  the  Dumeioiii  ex-  the  men^ra  of  thia  vast  family  of  na-  VjOOQ  IC 
TOL.  zr.— «o,  LXZTi,              33                                                                    <^ 


38S                                           Bitrr«  aarting.  [Oat. 

tioDS,  the  Fiiealsadera  iie  notthe  least  supplies  for  the  condaet  of  the  w»r,  in 

lemsrkable   for  Ihe  T&lnable  qa^ilies  return  tat  which  he  received  nothing,   , 

tbst  are  commoa  to  them  all, — and  par-  on  the  settlement  of  his  icconnU,  but 

tienlarlj  the  indomitable  spirit  of  libbT-  wortblesa   paper    securities,   and  was 

tT,  which  may  be  said  to  be  their  die-  thus  redaced  to  rain.    The  year  befara 

tiDguisbing  and  most  honerabte  charac-  his  dealh  he  was  elected  saperiatend- 

teristin.     Indeed  the  Frieslanderi  are  ant  of  the   water-works, — or,   in    the 

fairly  entitled  to  claim  a  full  share  of  language  of  ihe  cdunlry,   Deiehigraf, 

whaieTer  glory  may  hsTe  gathered  in  "  Count  or  Earl  of  the  Dikes, '^— an 

the  pi^eaa  of  ages  round  the  Anglo-  office  of  high  importance  and  great  ra- 

Sasan   name  and   character;  since  it  sponaibility.     In  IBIO,  he  died  at  tha 

W&8  from  among  them  that  the  original  age  of  61.     It  is  stated  by  Harro,  and 

'  Anglo-Saxons  went  forthloplant  them-  the  fact  is  rather  curious  as  ebowing 

lelveB  in  Britain,  to  which  Ibey  gaTB  how  completely  the  municipal  adminis- 

their  own  name  of  Engel-knd  or  Eng*  tration  of  this  part  of  tbe  kingdom  waa 

land.     Among  the  Frieslanders  of  Jut-  independent  of  the  interference  of  the 

land,  hereditary  nobility  was  unknown ;  Court,— that  on  the  death  of  a  Deichs- 

tbeir  institutions  were  entirely  demo-  0raf,  the  usage  of  the  country  author- 

-oialie,  and  the  offices  all  elective.  The  ized  and  required  the  widow  to  oama 

Emperor  Charlemagne,  in  one  of  his  two  persons,   who  were  to  act  as  his 

Sabrio  documents,  addressee  them  on-  depaties  until  a  new  election  should  be 

er  the  appellation  of  Free  tmd  Noble  made.    This  power  was  exercised  fn 

Frieslandert.   Their  language,  even  in  the  present  instance  by  the  mother  of 

its  present  form,  approaches  more  near-  Hairo,  who  appointed  her  trother-in- 

ly  to  the  English  than  any  other  of  the  law   and   another    of    her    hnsband's 

namerous  kindred  dialects  of  Gothic  ori-  friends,  of    suitable  qualifications  and 

gin,  but  has  not  been  cultivated  and  has  character,  to  officiate  in  his  stead. 

no  literature.    Tha  Danish  and  German  The  falser  of  Harro  is  described  as 

languagea  were  spoken  in  connection  a  person  of  commanding  appearance, 

'witn  'k,  in  the  villages  in  the  neighbor-  and  of  a  naturally  generous  and  elevat- 

liood  of  Harro's  residence.  He  learned  ed   character,   but  constitalionally  se~ 

^em  both  by  the  ear  in  the  ussal  way,  rious  and  even  melancholy.     His  moth- 

nnd  afterwards  stadied  them  grammn-  er  was  gentle  and  strongly  imbued  with 

tically  in  tlie  course  of  his  education,  religious  impressions,  in  which  she  af- 

M  that  they  are  both  equally  native  to  terwards  found  consolation  under  her 

him.     Some  of  his  numerous  produc-  heavy  trials.     The  fruits  of  the  mar- 

tions  are  written  in  one  of  them  and  riage  were  seven  sons,  of  whom  Harro 

some  in  the  other,,  but  the  larger  por-  was  the  second.    The  three  younger 

tion  in  German.  died   succesaivelj,  in  their  infancy,  of 

The  family  was  wealthy,  and  seems  oonsuraption ;— a  circumstance  whicli 

b>  have  enjoyed  a  bi^h  degree  of  eon-  no  doubt  contributed  to   increase  the 

eideration  in  the  neighborhood.     The  gloom  that  seems  to  have  pervaded  the 

father  of  Harro  had  been  educated  for  household. 

Ihe  naval  service  and  had  passed  the  Harro  was  naturally  of  a  feeble  con- 

aeoessary  examination  forpromotiun  to  etitution  and  inherited  the  melancholy 

the  rank  of  captain,  when  hie  plan  of  temperament   of    his   father.      "  The 

life   was    changed   by   sn   attachment  constant  uniformity   of   the   ocean   as 

which  he  formed  for  a  young  lady  of  seen  from  the  windows   of  our  lesi- 

dietingnished  connexions    in  the  inte-  dence, — tbe  tranquillity  anil  solitude  of 

lior  of  the  country.     On  his  marriage  our  domestic  life,  especially  after  tha 

he  retired  from  the  navy  and  devoted  death  of  my  brothers,  tended,"  he  ro- 

himself  for  the  rest  of  bis  life  to  the  marks,  '*  to  strengthen  and  develope  the 

care  of  his  family  and  to  the  discharge  original  inclination  of  my  character." 

of  the  duties  of  varioas  municipal  em-  He  was  predisposed,  like  bis  brothers, 

^oyments,  to  which  he  was  sncecs-  to  consumption,  and  in  his  eighth  year 

eively  elected  by  Us  neighbors  or  ap-  was   struck  with  palsy  in   his   whole 

pointed  b^  Ihe  government.     During  right  side,  so  thathe  was,  at  that  time, 

the  war  with  England  in  1B06,  be  was  unable  to  till  his  right  hand  to  his  face, 

second  in  command  of  the  National  or  to  set  his  right  foot  to  the  gromid. 

Hilitia.     On  this  occasion  he  exhanst-  Hiapsrents  spared  no  pains  or  expense 

•d  his  funds  and  credit  in  foraiahing  in  procuring  the  best  medical  sdvie«t 


gle 


1844.]                                       Harro  Harrinf.  389 

bnt  withant  effect.    Tbe  disoMe  xna  atsrry  hesveua  had  no  Intereetfor  him 

deolued  to  be  inaunble.     Four  ynra  or^  pDreljutronotnicalkind.     In  g«D- 

sfterwtrdi  he  beoame  icqa&inted  with  eTal,  hia  view  of  nature  aoder  all  ita  aa- 

a  jDung  phjsician.  juat  letuined  fiom  pecta  haa  been   through   life   poetical 

his  tiaTela  in  other  countriet,  wbo  ap-  and  religiana,  laiher  tban  utiliiaiisn 

plied  to  hia  case  the  meameric  treat-  and  praciioal. 

ment,  aod  cared  hiia  to  completely  aa  Hia  falhei's  death  formed  a  disaa* 
10  leaTo  no  tiaoe  of  weakness  in  the  troua  crisis  in  the  fortanes  of  the  fami- 
onee  paralyzed  membera.  It  is  not  ly.  Hia  aflkirs  were  fuund  to  be  in  & 
■ingalar  that  thia  reaolt  ahonld  have  rety  disordered  condition  ;  and,  al- 
)eft  opon  hia  mind  a  rery  farorable  im-  thangh  the  estate  was  seitled  under  the 
presaion  in  regard  to  the  reality  and  direction  of  a  brother,  it  is  thought  bj 
virtneof  the  meamerie  infiuence.  He  Ilarro  that  great  injuatice  was  done  to 
appears  to  have  retained  this  impression  the  heirs.  If,  however,  as  he  else- 
OTer  sines,  as  I  shall  hare  occasion  to  where  stales,  the  large  advaoces  made 
mention  in  oonnezion  with  one  of  his  by  his  father  to  the  government  during 
later  adventures.  Abont  the  time  the  war  with  England  had  been  repaid 
when  he  suffered  the  paralytic  attack  in  worthless  public  securities,  it  ia  not 
inat  alluded  to,  he  represents  himself  aa  veiy  difficnit  to  account  for  the  ruin  of 
baring  bad  three  times  in  suecession,  a  his  fortunes.  The  widow's  dower,  ■ 
Tery  reoorkable  dream,  which  forms  ralaable  landed  property,  which  wonid 
the  sabjeclef  oneof  hia  shorter  poems,  of  itsolf  have  assured  the  family  a  corn- 
It  was  a  sort  of  night-mare  creation  of  tbrtable  aabsietenee,  and  which,  by  the 
fancy,  laboring  probably  under  the  load  lawa  of  Denmark,  was  not  liable  for  tho 
of  some  secret  physical  disorder,  in  huaband'a  debts,  woa  io  some  way  iD- 
which  the  Supreme  Being  appeared  to  reived  in  the  general  wreck.  Tliis  is 
be  extinct — the  oniverse  had  relapsed  the  more  remarkable  as  she  is  repre- 
into  wild  chaos,  and  the  infant  dreamer  sented  aa  a  person  of  talent  and  energy, 
Jay  "  solitary  and  alone,"  weltering  who  had  been  accnstomed  to  aid  her 
amid  the  ruins  and  without  hope  of  ol^  husband  in  hia  affaire,  and  was  by  no 
tainingrelief  even  byannibilation.  The  meana  negligent  in  taking  proper  mea- 
■nbject  has  some  general  resemblanee  sores  to  secure  her  rights.  Her  has- 
to  one  of  the  visions  of  Riehter,  bnt  band  had,  it  seema,  made  enemies 
whelher  the  dream  was  auggested  by  amonglbe  officersof  governmentio  the  ^ 
the  reading  of  that  work  I  am  not  able  neighborhood  by  the  liberality  of  his 
to  say.  political  opinions,  and  the  ease  waa  not 
The  infirm  elate  of  Harro's  health  viewed  in  the  courts  with  an  eye  of  fii- 
doring  his  infancy,  made  it  necessary  vor.  The  leading  lawyers  were  re- 
Ihat  he  should  be  educated  at  home,  tained  on  the  other  side ;  finally,  after 
and  he  was  placed  under  the  care  of  a  the  case  had  been  decided  againstthem 
private  tutor.  Under  these  circnm-  in  the  local  courts,  iho  widow  aneceed- 
Btances,  he  waa  naioraily  treated  with  ed  in  obtaining  the  aid  of  a  counsellor 
much  indulgence,  and  permitted,  in  a  belonging  to  her  own  family  connesion, 
^eat  nieasQTe,  to  follow  his  own  taste  who  carried  it  before  the  Court  of  Ap- 
m  the  direction  of  his  stndies.  Hia  peala  at  Copenhagen  :  hot  it  was  now 
fitvorite  parsuita  seem  to  have  been  the  loo  late  to  remedy  the  evil.  Thia  is  a 
German,  Danish,  and  Latin  langaa-  melancholy]  picture  of  the  administra- 
ma.  He  waa  ourions  to  obtain  irom  tion  of  justice  at  the  commeneemQnt  of 
Ma  maater  some  notions  of  the  syatem  the  nineteenth  ceotary  in  the  oldeat 
of  the  universe  and  the  nature  of  the  monarofay  in  Eerope ;  and,  if  true  to 
stars — chiefly,  aa  he  says,  because  he  the  life,  seems  to  argue  that  there  ia 
bad  conceived  the  idea  that  they  might  still  "  something  rotten  in  the  state  of 
be  the  abodes  of  the  sonla  of  hia  de-  Denmark."  We  may  venture,  per- 
puted  brothers,  in  a  maritime  die-  haps,  to  hope,  for  the  honor  of  Danisk 
trict,  where  many  persons  looked  to  jurisprndence  and  of  humanity,  that  the 
the  ocean  for  employment  and  aubeiat-  aapeet  of  the  ease  has  been  somewhat 
ence,  the  aeience  of  navigation  and  darkened  by  the  medinm  of  personal 
the  branches  of  mathematics  in  which  interest  and  feeling,  through  which  th« 
it  is  fonnded  were  among  the  most  account  comea  to  ns.  The  raBD]t,at 
general  objects  of  attention ;  bat  to-  all  events,  waa  total  and  irremediablo 
wardtheMhe  felt  do  attraotiop.    The  roin, — accomplithed.too,  withone^*.  (^qqo  |q 


3M                                           Rarr*  Barring.  [0«(. 

dition  qoita  nDwonted  in  the  oHioary  "  bora  her  miBfortnnaB  with  emn^ujr 

much  ofjDsiice.    "  We  were  reduced  eqiia»imitj.     1  have  mbd  her  wmp, 

ax  once,"  iayaHtno,  *'fri>in&  atate  of  but  naver  heard  fniin  her  lips  anex- 

domestic  comfort, — I  may  eay  wealth  preaaioa  of  complaint  or  of  DDkiadiwis 

and  luiary — to  actQal  distrese.     I  had  towards  the  authota  of  ber  niio,  thongEL 

been   baptixed   at  a  mBaaj   silver-gilt  belonging   to   ber  own   family.      She 

font,   beloDgJDg   to  a  rich   aervice   of  manifeaied throughout thenobieBtsenti- 

plale,  which  was  a  part  of  mj  raolber'e  tnents  and  a  truly  religions  reeignatioo. 

portion  :  eleven  years  after,  and  wilbln  As  we  look  our  laal  view  of  Ihe  beaati- 

a  yeir  from  tbe  death  of  my  noble  fa-  ful    linden-treea  that  stood  before  the 

Aer,  that  mother,  with  her  paralytic  in-  doors  of  the  family  mansion,  she  gara 

fant,  was  literally  turned  from  the  door  utterance  lo  her  feelings  in  the  piona 

of    their   large    and    splendid    abode,  and  impressive  language  of  the  Hon- 

without   knowing   where   they   should  arch  Minstrel   of    Scriptara  :     "  TA* 

find  a  lodging  for  the  night  that  was  to  Lord  gave  and  the  Lord  hath  taittt 

follow. — My    mother,"  he  contiaues,  awag;  bleued  bethtnameoflhtLord." 


AmB    qniuing    the  abode    of  their  During  the  flourishing  period  of  thft 

prosperoas  period,  the  widow  and  her  family,  their  residence  bad  been  mneh 

son  retired  to  a  email  house  in  one  of  freqaented  by  the  gentry  of  tbe  neigh- 

the  neighboring  villages,   where  they  boring  city  of  Haaum,whoM  equipages 

resided    several   years.     Under   thcie  were  ofleo  to  be  eeen,  especially  oa 

circumstances   they   were,   of  course,  Sundays,   under  the   linden-trees  th&t 

deiened  by  a  large  proportion  of  their  surrounded  the  house.    Their  little  ro- 

"summer  friends,"  a  loss  of  little  jm-  treat  was  not,  and,  of  course,  could  not 

porlaoee,  and  which  was  made  up  to  be  a  point  of  atlraotion  for  this  biil-                i 

them  by  the  kindness  and  attention  of  liant  and  fashionable  eircle ;  but  some               ' 

their  new  neighbors.     The   pastor  of  of  its  members  recollected  with  inter-                 i 

tbe  village,  who  taught  a  little  school,  est  their  old  friends  of  Ibenahof.     The 

leceived  Harro  grataitooelj  among  bia  families   with   which    they    had  beea 

Eupils,  and  the  several  masters  gave  most  intimate,  were  the  two  btotherv 
ira  instruotion,  on  ths.same  terms,  in  Van  Wardenberg,  one  Colleolor  <^ 
their  respective  branches.  Wbetbet  the  port,  aod  the  other  Mayor  of  the 
by  the  effect  of  tha^inesmerie  treat-  city,  both  having  the  rank  of  Counsel- 
roeot  before  alluded  to,  or  that  of  the  lors  of  Slats.  The  former  was  con- 
iooreasingactiviiy  cf  his  natnral  powers  neoted  by  marriage  with  the  family  of 
at  the  approach  to  maturity,  he  had  the  celebrated  Bliicber.  He  now  pro- 
conquered  his  paralyiio  affection  and  posed  to  the  motber  of  Harro  to  Teceirs 
recovered  his  health.  He  had  made  her  son  into  his  house,  and  bring  him 
his  first  attempt  in  rerse,  two  or  three  up  as  one  of  his  children.  The  offer 
years  before  ;  and  while  residing  with  was  a  tempting  one,  as  it  afforded  the 
his  mother  at  the  village,  he  wrote  means  of  pursuing  a  literary  career ; 
some  short  poems  on  religious  subjects,  but  Harro  could  not  think  of  desertini; 
which  have  been  preserved,  but  are  his  mother  in  her  present  destitute  eon- 
without  any  labstautial  value.  Such  dition,  and  begged  his  patron  to  give 
libraries  as  there  were  in  the  village  him  in  preference  a  situation  in  the 
were  open  to  bim,  and  he  read  a  num-  custom-house,  by  which  he  coald  earn 
ber  of  hooks,  for  the  most  part  poems,  something  for  the  support  of  hie  mother. 
withoBt  any  regular  plan.  Hisroothei  The  request  was  granted,  and  Harro 
and  his  teachers  often  eipreased  their  proceeded  to  Hosum  to  occnpyhisnew 
regret  that  he  bad  not  tbe  means  of  place.  He  resided  in  the  family  of  the 
pnrsuitig  a  literary  career ;  but  this  coanscllar,  where  he  was  treated  with 
WSJ  at  the  time  entirely   out   of  the  great  kindness.     He  was  occupied  in 

Juealion,  and  the  idea  was  abandoned,  the    cuatom-house   from   seven  in  the 

[is  principal  uirieiy  was  to  obtain  a  mornirg  till  seven  in  the  evening.     B»- 

situation  that  would  enable  him  to  ono-  fore  and  aAer  these  hours  he  had  hia 

tribute  to  tbe  support  of  his  mother,  time  at  bis  own  disposal,  and  employed 

sod  in  this  pious  wish  he  was  pretty  moat  of  it  in  taking  lessons  and  Mndy- 

i«W)  gratified.  ing.    Two  jMra  after  hia  remorat  te.               , 


ISM.)                                       Rarro  Harring.  3tl 

HtuDm  bia  motlier  went  to  reside  in  wfaom  he  wss  tUracted  by  similariij  of 

•omedomeBticcapaeiiy  with  the  Count-  tutes  and  BindieB.     His  most  iniimate 

eu  of  Ahlfeidt  at  bei  caslle  of  Lin-  auociate  waa  William  Biaaen,  now  ona 

dkn,  and  Harro  had  il  in  hia  power  to  of  the  moat  eminent  aculptora  in  £u- 

wnploT  hia  income  as  he  thought  pro-  rope.     In  Ihe  oonrae  of  the  jear,  the 

per.     With  a  predominant  paaaion  for  two  frienda  formed  the  plan  of  Itans- 

poetry  uid  potitB  learning;,  he  united  a  ferring  their  residence  to  Dreaden,  ap- 

ationg   inclination   for   painting  ;    and  parent);  in  the  expectation  Ihat   Ihej 

wu  particularly  deairoua  to  eontinne  could  lire  there  more  cheaply  than  at 

biaatudieaatthe  Academyof  Fine  Atla  Copenhagen;  but  this  deaiga  waa  not 

at  Copenhagen.    By  laboring  two  years  at  the  time  carried  into  effect.     BiaaeD 

longer  in  the  enatom-bouae  at  Huaum,  went  to  pase  the  winter  with  his  family 

■nd  earefully  economising  hia  income,  at  Sleawick,  and  afterwarda  returned 

he  at  length  obtained  a  little  fund  upon  to  Copenhagen,  where  he  found  protec- 

the  atrenglh  of  which  be  determined  to  tors,  who   afforded   hira  the  means  of 

proceed  to  the  capital.     At  the  age  of  puraaing  hie  studiea.   Harm  peraevered 

about  aerenteen,  he  accordingly  quitted  in  his  miention  of  going  to  Saxony ; 

his  second  home  at  the  hospitable  man-  but  fixed    himself  temporarily,  with 

sion  of  the  truly  noble  family  of  War-  what  particular  motive  wo  are  not  in- 

denberg,  and  took   hia   departore   for  formed,  but  probably  for  economy,  at 

Oipenhagen.     He  was  provided  by  bis  the  University   of  Kiel,   in  Hulsiein. 

frieoda  at  Huaum  wilhlettersofrecom-  He  was  here  admitted  into  Ilie  North 

mendalion  to  their  reapective  connei-  Friealand  Union,  an  association  which 

iona,  including  various  public  function-  was  widely  extended  through  this  part 

uies  of  high  rank,  and  among  them  the  of  the  country,  and  included  several  of 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury.  the  Professors  at  the  Unirersity.    The 

On  arriving  at  the  capital  he  was  re-  object  seems  to  have  been  of  a  literary 

ceived  with  attention,  and  the  friends  and   antiquarian   character.     The   old 

to   whom   he   waa    recommended   ex-  North  Friesland  Chronicle   was   pub- 

pteaaed  their  readiness  to  provide  him  lished  by  Heinrich.  under  the  auspices 

at  once  with  a  good  place.     An  he  had  of  thla  society.     Harro  was  strongly 

been  employed   aevetal  years  in  the  attached  to  his  country,  and  to  th« 

eustom-hoate   at   Husum,   and    as    it  Scandinavian     race     from    which    he 

probably  appeared  natural  to  his  friends  sprung;  but  he  looked  to  Germany  as 

that  he  should  continue  in  the  line  of  the  great  Held  for  the  development  of 

aerrioe  to  which  he  waa  accustomed,  he  talent  in  all  the  departments  of  art  and 

was  now  offered  a  situation  in  the  cus-  action.     Alter  a  residence  at  Kiel  of 

tom-hoDse  brooch  of  the  treasury  de-  about  a  year,  he   letl  that  place,  and 

partment.     He  resisted  thialemptation,  took  his  departure  byway  of  Hamburg 


ihongh  it  was  pressed  with  great  nr-    and  Halle,  for  Dresden. 

genoy,  and  preferred  pursuing  his  stu-        His  health  waa  still  fee 

diiea   in   the  arts  and   literature.     He    continued  to  be  through  life.    AAei  his 


oooordinglj    took    a   amall    furnished  recovery  from  his  paralytic  affection, 

apartment,  and   employed    himself  in  the, weakness  of  hia  chest  had  become 

attending  various  courses  of  lecinrea  at  more  perceptible,  and  he  was  subject  to 

the   academy  of  fine   arte   and  at  the  occasional  hemorrhage.     These  symp- 

nniveraity.     He   now   made    his   first  toms  had  been  inereaaed  by  the  aeai- 

attempte  in  dramatio  poetry,  and  wrote  duity  with  which  he  pursued  his  studies 

k  play  upon  the  struggle  for  national  at  Copenhagen  and  Kiel.     He  left  the 

ioaependenee  in  Germany  in  1813-S.  latter  pisoe  in  a  very  infirm  stale,  and 

He  waa  not  satisfied  with  this  produc-  on  reaching  Hanover  was  attacked  with 

tion,  which  he  communicated  to  aome  pnlmonary  fever.     He  resolved,  how- 

oC  his  young  frienda,  but  did  not  pub-  ever,  not  to  give  way  to  the  diaeasa, 

lish.    He    afterwards    destroyed    the  but  continued  hia  journey,  partly  in  Ibe 

manuscript,  a  copy  of  which  had,  how-  diliseaca  and  partly  on  foot,  to  Bruns- 

ever,  been  taken  by  one  of  the  peraons  wicK  and  Halle.    At  this  place,  two  of 

who  had  seen  it,  and  is  probably  still  in  his  fellow  students,  who  had  occompa- 

existence.  nied  him  thus  far  from  Kiel,  remained 

During  a  year's  residence  at  Copen-  to  enter  the  University.     He  now  pro* 

hsgen,  he  formed  an  acquaintance  with  ceeded  alone,  continually  suffering  witk  ~~-  ^^  ^  -,  [^ 

Bovortl  joang  men  of  hit  own  age,  to  ttitt  and  hemorrhage)  and  in  a  stata^jOOQIC 


e; 


}49  Hmto  Harring.  [Oct. 

ardeapondeney.nhicheomeiimeatum*  ta^tt.     He    appurad    lo    reoolloet 

ed  hie  Ihoushls  towards  suicide,  &a  Iha  something  of  the  fortunes  of  my  family, 

only  possihle  relief  from  hie  mi«ar;,  to  and,  ftfleT  musing  a  few  moinBnl«,  •&«] 

Jjeipsic,  and  ihcnce  In  Dresden,  where  lo  me  Id  a  lone  of  kindness, '  meet  ms 

tie  arrived  in  May,  1819.  to-morrow,  about  noon,  at  Dahl'e  lodg- 

Acnong  the  arlisis  then  residing  at  inga.    I  aliotl  have  Bomething  to  saj  to 

Dresden,  waa  the  celebrated  landscape  you.     Now  come  and  sup  with  me  and 

Dahl,  of  Norway.     Harro  had  our  other  Danish  friends,  who  are  here 

lim  in  Copenhagen,  and  called  with  us.'     He  then  condncled  me  into 

npon  him  immediately  after  liis  arrival,  the  reception  roam,  presented  me  to 

Dahl    presented   him   to    llie    Danieh  the  lady  of  the  house  and  the  reri  of 

Charge   d'A&airea,   Baron  Irgensberg,  the  company,  and  placed  mo  by  his  side 

alao  a  Norwegian,  by  whom  he  was  ro-  at  the  table.     The  next  day,  Jane  15, 

eeived   with    kindness   and   attention.  1819,1  rnet  him,  accompanied  by  the 

His  aitqnaialance  with  these  persons  Charg^   d'Affaires,  at   Dahl's    studio, 

led  ilie  way  to  another  of  more  import-  He  then  committed  me,  in  a  manaei', 

ance,   and   which,   for   a  time,  had  a  to   the   Charg£  d'A&aires,   requesting' 

strong  influence  upon  his  career  in  life,  bim  to  coneider  me  in  the  light  of  & 

Shortly  after  his  introduction  to  the  member  of  the  Prince's  hooeehold,  to 

Danish  Charge  d'Affaires,    the  latter  supply  me  with  funds  whenever  I  had 

sent  for  him,  and  al^r  a  kind  apology  occasion   for  them,  and,  if  I  were  ia- 

for  not  having  called  in  person,  invited  dined  to  travel,  lo  ffive  me  letters  of 

him  to  dine  on  a  future  day.  Before  the  recommendation  to  the  Danish  Ambaa- 

,  day  arrived,  Dahl  came  one  morning  ssdors  at  other  Courts.    After  this,  ha 

with  a  messiige  from Ibe Cro^nn  Prince  offered  me  his  hand, saying,  'yon  hare 

of  Denmark,  who  was  then  at  Dreaden,  talent ;  endeavor  to  improve  it,  and  bo 

and  requested  Harro  to  call  at  his  lodg-  assured    of  my    constant  protection. 

ings  at  the  Ruaatan  Hotel.     The  ae-  Write  ta   me  from  time  to  lime,  and 

count  of  this  aiTair  may  be  given  with  send  me  jour  productions,  wbetbet  ie. 

advantage  in  Harro's  own  language.  poetry  or  painting.  I  am  happy  to  hare 

"  Before   the   day  which   had   been  made  your  acquaintance.' 
fised   far  dining  with   the  Charge,  an        "  The  Prince   led  Dresden   ahortlj 

event  occurred   which  had  a  powerful  after,  and  waa  accompanied  as  far  as 

effect   upon    my  subsequent   position.  Kdnigalein  by  theCharge,whoTequeat- 

The  Crown  Prince  Christian  of  Den-  ed  me,  during  bia  absence,  to  make  my 

mark   had   arrived   at  Dresden.     One  home  at  his  faonse.     His  lady  treated 

morning   Dahl   came   to   my  lodgings  me  with  great  kindness,  and   I  had  a 

with  a  message  from  him,  wishing  me  seat  constantly  at  my  disposal  at  the 

to  present  mjeelf  to  him  at  theltua-  table,  and  in  the  carriage  of  thia  family, 

sian  Hotel.    I  accordingly  called  at  the  during  the  remainder  of  my  rcsidenco 

hotel,  where  I  nras  told  by  the  Prince's  at  Dresden." 

Secretary  that  he  waa  then  walking.  The  Crown  Prince  and  futiire  King 
but  had  left  orders  for  me  tn  meet  him  of  Denmark  was  at  this  time  undeTft 
at  supper,  the  same  evening,  at  the  cloud  in  bis  own  country.  Ha  pro- 
house  of  the  Charge  d'Affairea.  Sev-  feaaed,  as  is  not  uncommon  with  heira- 
eral  Danish  noblemen  who  were  then  apparent  in  the  monarohies  of  Europe, 
at  Dresden  were  lobe  of  the  party.  I  political  opinions  of  a  more  popular 
was  to  be  preaented  to  him  separately,  cast  than  those  which  were  acted  on  fay 
before  the  meeting  ;  and  accordingly  the  government,  and  was  re^rded  aa 
took  my  station  in  one  of  the  apart-  the  leader  ofa  sort  ofoppoaiiion.  The 
meota  for  this  purpose.  After  I  had  superiority  of  his  talenta  and  his  nata- 
waited  some  minntes,  the  Prinoe  enter-  rally  lioble  and  generous  character, 
od,  and,  coming  up  to  me,  gave  me  hie  ^ve  more  importance  to  his  posiiioD 
hand  with  a  friendly  salutation.  He  in  this  respect  than  it  might  otherwise 
was  a  man  of  fine  personal  appearance,  have  had,  and  rendered  him  in  soma 
a  noble  coQntenance,  and  a  very  ex-  degree  an  object  of  jealousy  with  tba 
pressive  eje.  He  inquired  my  motives  government.  This  was  probably  in- 
ID  coming  to  Dresden,  which  I  explain-  creased  by  the  part  which  he  took  in 
ed  to  him  by  saying,  that  1  could  live  the  events  that  occurred  in  Norway 
and  purane  my  studies  about  twice  aa  ader  the  fall  of  Napoleon.  The  allies^  i 
aoonomically  at  Dieaden  aa  at  Copen-  it  will  be  recollected,  in  order  to  paa^b,QOQ  I C 


18U.]                                       Bmrrt  Otmng.  Stt 

the  King  of  DeDmark  for  Ihe  soinewhst  banken,  who   ra&nigad  the  finaocial 

doabliiil  conrm  which  he  had  porsued  aSkirs  or  the  Court,  and  amassed  large 

throngh  the  war,  and  to  reward  Berna-  forlunea  out  of  the  ume  fluolualiona 

dotle  for  the  important  aid   which  ho  which  ruined  iherountry.     Inlhejreu 

had  afforded   in  overthroiriiig  hie   old  1819,  the   discontent   roie  to   such  « 

master,  determined  to  transfer  Norway  height  that  a  popular  mOTement  took 

fniia  the  domiQion  of  the  former  to  lliat  place  at  the  capital,  directed  imniedi- 

of  the  latter.  ately  agaiost  the  Jews.     It  is  hardly 

The  Norwegians,  for  a  time,  reao-  probable  that  the  Crown  Prince  had 
Intelj  refused  to  assent  to  thii  arrange-  any  personal  share  in  this  outbreak, 
ment;  and  the  down  Prince,  who  was  which  was  aDBlled  at  once  wilhout 
then  Governor  of  Norway,  look  the  diSiculty.  His  name  had,  however, 
lead  in  the  opposition.  Under  his  au-  been  mingled  wiih  the  outcries  of  tho 
spices  Ihe  Norwegians  declared  them-  mob,  and  after  the  rebellion  was  over, 
aelres  independent  of  both  powers,  and  he  wss  ordered  by  the  Coart  to  leave 
adopted  a  libera  constitution,  which  the  country  for  three  years.  It  was 
was  decreed  by  the  Siorthing,  or  Ni-  under  these  circumstaaces  that  he 
tiooal  Assembly,  with  the  sanction  of  visited  Dresden.  He  wm  Presidetit 
the  Grows  Prince,  and  drawn  up,  aa  is  of  the  Academy  of  Fine  Aits  at  Copen- 
flud,  under  his  immediate  direction,  bagen,  and  was,  no  dovbt,  led  by  hie 
These  movemeots  were  rendered  in-  conneetion  with  that  Instilation  and  his 
effectual  by  the  interpositiOD  of  the  general  interest  in  its  objects  to  seek 
British  Navy,  which  blockaded  the  the  acqasiolance  of  Harro.  He  em- 
coast  of  Norway,  and  by  intercepting  ployed  the  three  years  of  his  absence 
the  Dsnal  sopply  of  grain  from  Jutland  in  Tisiting  the  different  parts  of  Eu- 
Airty  starved  the  Norwegians  into  tope.  On  his  relam  to  Copenhagen, 
aobroission.  Whether  there  existed  at  at  the  close  of  his  exile,  1  had  the 
the  time  any  secret  nnderstanding  be-  honor  of  meeting  him  at  the  Coart  of 
tween  the  Danish  ministry  and  the  the  Netherlands  where  I  was  then  le- 
Crown  Prince  in  regard  to  these  pro-  siding  asCharge  d'Affairesofthe  Unil- 
eeedings,  the  result  of  which,  if  sue-  ed  States,  and  the  opioion  which  I 
cessful,  would  have  been  substantially  formed  of  his  eharacler  apon  a  slight 
to  maintain  the  aalhority  of  Denmark  acquaintance  coincided  with  the  one 
over  Norway  in  spile  of  the  decision  of  eiptcased  by  Harro  in  the  above  re- 
tbe  allies,  is,  of  course,  a  matler  of  marks.  He  snccecded  to  the  throne 
mere  conjcetQce..  on  the  death  of  his  uncle,  Frederic  VI., 

The  Crown  Prince  relumed  to  Co-  and  is  now  the  reigninff  monarch.     It 

neohagen  with  a  high  repntalion  for  does  not  appear  that  the  liberal  opi- 

fitwrality  and  independence.     He  was  nions  which  he  possessed  and  probably 

ftccompanied  by  a  considerable  number  very  sincerely  entertained  in  his  eirliet 

of  yoong  Norwegians  of  the  GrsI  cisss  period,  have  had  much  effect  upon  his 

who  had  taken  part  in  the  tate  proceed-  mode  of  administering  the  Government, 

ings  and  now  refused  to  acquiesce  in  He  has  followed  verv  exactly,  so  far 

the    new    arrangement.     They    were  as   is    known    abroad,   the   preceding 

received  with  enthusiasm  by  the  people  routine,  nor  has  he  made  any  effort  to 

of  all  ranks,  nor  was  there  any  ex-  leform  the  conatitution  of  tho  kingdom, 

piession  of  a  different  feeling  on  the  which  remains,  as  it  hss  been  for  three 

part  of  the  Coart,  nnii!  the  occurrence  or  four  centuries  past,  a  simple  dospot- 

of  the  popolar  movement,  which  look  ism. 

place   at    Copenharen   in    1819,   and  This  form  of  government,  however 

which  grew  out  of  Ine  disordered  state  essentislly  vicious,  has  its  bright  side, 

of  the   finances.     The  bankruptcy  of  and  this  is  seen  perhaps  most  conspica- 

the  Treasury  and  the  depreciation  of  ously  in  the  opportunity  which  it  affords 

the  public   funds,  spread  ruin  far  and  to  the  ruler,  of  interposing,  like  a  sort 

wide  among  the  men  of  bosiness,  as  has  of  earthly  divinity,  in  the  midst  of  the 

been  already  seen  in  the  case  of  the  doubtful   chaneea  of  private  life,  and 

father  of  Harro.     The  responsibility  of  turning  the  scale  of  fortune  by  a  nod  in 

this  disastrous  state  of  things,  which  favor  of  depressed  and  suffering  merit. 

an  almost  inevitable  result  of  the  The  patronage  of  the  Grown  Prince 


^reat  difficolt;  of  the  times,  was  thrown    effected  a  revolotioo  in  Harro's  ooodi- 
m  pan  by  the  people  apon  the  Jewish    tioa,  aa  complete  ■■  it  was  nne: '~' 


BCOodl-/^-  J 

..pMajLiOoi^le 


SM  Sarro  fiomv  [Oe>- 

ud  sudden.  He  was  now  in  abject  of  did  in  Dreaden,  it  might  hare  renlted 
general  altentioo  and  respect.  The  in  the  uudb  ututropbe  with  that  of 
members  ufihe  royil  funilj  of  Saxony  the  celebrated  Somnat.  Tlie  atUch.- 
hare  always  thown  a  d[9posit)on  to  ment,  however,  seems  to  have  had  no 
enconTBge  the  arts  and  Bcie.-aes  :  and  influence  on  his  aubseqnsnt  life,  •Jtd 
Bome  of  them  of  both  sexes  have  them-  we  maj  perhaps  venture  to  sospect, 
selves  published  literarj  works  of  con-  that,  however  sioEere  aod  deeply  feb 
eiderable  merit.  Harro  was  received  it  ma;  have  been  at  (he  time,  it  was, 
with  distinction  at  Court,  furnished  like  those  of  Petrarch  for  hie  Laaix 
with  horses  from  the  rojal  stables  and  and  Dante  for  his  Beatrice,  an  affair  of 
ft  servant  in  the  royal  livery  to  attend  the  imagination  rather  than  the  heart, 
him  when  bo  rode.  The  highest  cir-  It  is  thought  by  Harto  to  have  contrib- 
eles  of  private  society  were  of  course  uted  not  a  little  to  the  progress  and 
open  to  him.  He  alludes  in  his  notes  development  of  bis  talent  for  poetry, 
with  particular  interest  to  his  acquaint'  Such  were  the  brilliant  auspices  oa- 
ance  with  Tieck,  who  was  then  in  the  dei  which  Harro  was  now  advaoc- 
fcll  maturity  of  his  talent,  surrounded  ing  in  his  career  u  an  artist  and  & 
by  admirers  from  all  parts  of  Europe,  poet.  His  situationatthiBlimsformed 
&nd  at  the  head  of  the  most  agreeable  a  singular  contrast  with  the  forlont 
private  establishment  in  Dresden.  He  abandonment  and  utter  desolation  in 
was  in  the  habit  of  entertaining  his  which  he  found  himself,  after  leavioK 
friends  with  readings  from  Shakspeare,  the  old  family  residence  at  IbenshoL 
in  which  he  greatly  excelled.  Hario,  It  may  be  a  matter  of  surprise,  wenaT 
though  freely  admitted  to  these  and  almost  say  of  regret,  that  one  so  weU 
other  circles  of  the  same  character —  qualified  for  the  attainment  of  emi~ 
was  at  this  time — like  most  candidates  nonce  in  the  culture  of  the  fine  art* 
for  literary  honors  at  the  same  age —  should  have  been  diverted  from  lliiA 
oppressed  with  a  timidity  which  pre-  delightful  and  elegant  pursuit  by  the 
vented  him  from  developing  his  powers  expectation  of  becoming  useful  in  th« 
with  freedom  in  company.  He  con-  career  of  a  political  reformer.  But 
tinned  fa  cultivate  painting,  and  attend-  Germany  was  now  in  a  stale  of  nni* 
ed  the  anatomical  and  other  lectures  versal  agitation,  and  Harro,  like  «» 
which  were  generally  followed  as  a  many  others  of  his  young  countrymen, 
preparation  for  the  practice  of  this  art :  felt  an  irresistible  vocation  to  taJie  aa 
Out  he  began  to  feel  that  details  of  so  active  part  in  the  atining  scenes  that 
strictly  technical  a  kind  were  not  well  were  in  progress  around  him.  A. 
Baited  to  his  genius.  It  dues  not  ap-  stronger  attraction  overpowered  alike 
pear  fromhis  notes  that  hewrotemuch  the  allurements  of  the  sister  muses  of 
poetry  during'  the  jear  of  his  residence  poetry  and  painting,  and  the  fasciDaling' 
m  Dresden.  He  atteoded  various  graces  of  the  English  ladye-love.  In 
courses  of  lectures,  including  that  of  the  hope  of  doing  something  to  pro- 
antiquities,  by  the  celebrated  Bitttiger,  mote  the  great  cause  of  improvement 
and  in  one  way  or  another  devoted  a  and  liberty,  the  enthusiastic  young 
great  part  of  his  time  with  exemplary  artist  left  his  study  and  launched  his 
assiduity  to  the  objects  for  which  ho  little  bark  upon  the  vast  ocean  of  poU- 
had  come  to  Dresden.  It  was  hardly  tics,  rcprdless  of  the  furious  storms 
possible,  however,  that  in  the  midst  of  that  were  sweeping  its  surfaoe,  aod  the 
studies  and  pursuits,  so  favorable  to  the  hidden  rocks  on  which  he  was  destined 
development  of  the  tender  passion,  »o  often  to  suffer  shipwreck, 
the  heart  of  a  poet,  at  the  Buaceptible  Considered  in  reference  to  an  ordt- 
age  of  ooe-and-twenly,  should  he  en-  nary  oondition  of  society,  the  courss 
tirely  exempt  from  its  influence,  pursued  by  Harro  could  hardly,  pei- 
Harro  appears  to  have  been  smitten  by  hapB,  be  justified,  even  on  the  priaei> 
thecharmsof somefsir-haireddaughter  pies  that  may  be  supposed  to  govern 
of  the  "  fast  anchored  isle,"  then  re-  the  conduct  of  disinterested  and  high- 
Biding  at  Dresden — unhappily  before  minded  men.  In  common  times,  when 
be  had  ascertained  that  she  was  already  the  conduct  of  the  public  affairs  is,  io 
betrothed  to  another.     This  was  a  com-  a  great  measure,  a  matter  of  routine, 

Cition   a  little   d   la  Werther ;  aod  and  does  not  require  the  active  ooociu- 

ro  rather  mysteriously  hints  ^at  if  rence   of  the  whole   conimunity,   the 

he  had  remained  macb  longer  than  he  Poet  has  no  motive  to  quit  his  loAiec- 


oogic 


qilieniindiniagleinthedailjBgiluiana  ing*.  This  i*  tbe  charge  that  ma  mad« 

of  the  itreeta  and  the  Senalo  bouse,  upon  Ooelhe  in  Tartoas  quaitera.  and 

He  may  feel  the  lore  of  couatiy  and  of  panieuiarlf  b;  Ilarro,  in  the  poem  al- 

humaoitr  as  deeply  as  the  active  citi-  ludediobefure.  Atthememorabreperiod 

sen,  and  may  yet  confine  hinweJf  to  of  1813-5,  Goethe  was  besy  about  hia 

thecnliivaiion  of  bisowDut,  Dotmere-  Oiiental  DiTan,   a  eoiteetion  of  1ot« 

2wiA  ■  safe  eoDseience,  bat  wilh  a  poema,  vritten  in  the  eastern  style,  and 
II  awaranee,  that  if  ancceasful  in  it,  borrowed  in  part  from  the  Asiatic  writ- 
he will  contiibDte  et en  more  effeotn-  ers.     A  singular  oceapation,  eettainly, 
ally,  though  less  directly  and  immedi-  under  such  circumstances,  for  the  mas' 
ately,  to  the  improTement  and  happi-  ter-mind  of  the  time  !     A  writer  capa- 
neea  of  bis  contemporariea,  and  of  the  ble  of  directing  the  opinion  and  deter- 
world  at  large,  than  he  posaibly  could  mining  the  action  of  a  whole  commu- 
by  the  most  JadiciouH  and  fortunate  in-  nity,  who,  at  a  period  when  his  eoun- 
terTention  in  the  pablic  afiaiis  of  bis  try  ia  ahabing  offthe  yoke  of  a  foreign 
day.     Who  will  undertake  to  say  that  oppressor,   and    reforming   her   whole 
the  Borleighs  and  the  Walsingbams  of  political  organization,  employs  himself 
the  period  of  Eliz^Mth,  justly  oelebrat-  m  making  up  a  iitlle  poetical  bouquet 
ed  SB  they  are  for  talents  and  slates-  of  eiolic   lowers,   however   graceful 
manship,  tiave  done  more  good  to  man-  and  elegant,  seems  to  show  by  tne  very 
kind  than  Shakespeare^     But  in  diffi-  fact  that  there  is  something  wrong,  as 
Bolt  periods,  when  the  pnbiicafikirs  as-  the  Roman  satirist  ha*  it,  nnder  th» 
sume  a  high  degree  of  interest  and  left  breast.    Harro  has  taken  him  to 
urgency, — when,   perhaps,   the  whole  task  for  his  indifference  tolbepublio' 
organization  of  government  ia  undergo-  welfare,  with  unrelenting  severity,  but 
ing    revolutions, — the    case    changes,  in  the  main,   it  must  be  owned,  with 
Society  is  then  in  the  condition  of  a  justice.    A^er  explaining  theofiiae  of 
ship  at  sea,  tossed  by  storms  and  in  the  Foet,  whom  he  truly  deaoribes  as 
imminent  danger  of  destruction.     If,  in  commissioned  by  Providence  to  exalt 
a  vessel  so  situated,  an  able-bodied  pas-  and  ennoble  the  intellectnal  and  moral 
Mnger  shoald  employ  himself  in  read-  character   of   his   contempararicB,   he 
iog  novels  or  writing  poetry  in  the  ca-  breaks  out  into  an  indignant  apostrophe 
bin,  itistead  of  lending  hia  aid  at  the  to  the  courtly  minstrel  of  Weimar. 
pumps  or  in  whatever  other  way  he 

might  be  most  useful,   he  would  be  "Set  thou  I   what  hast  tboa  done  wilh 

looked  upon  wilh  very  little  respect  by  •)'  'be  powers, 

the  rest  of  the  company:  in  the  same  That  laviahNatnrewastedmilbysonlT 

way  in  the  stormy  periods  of  society.  '^^'^  "*>]"'  ''•d"  l"""  '■>  t""!  b"PPie»' 

of  which  the  lost  hdf  century  u  one  of  -,  . '"'?"..      .    ,  ,        „           , 

the  meet  remarkable,  the  public  afiaira  -,  "'^  ',«P'"k"?1''"  u'  ^^"^  ?^'' 

require  the  intervention  of  all  who  are  ^''^"^^I,^^ '*.'""'  ""™  '"""'8"  "  "*" 

able  to  tender  service ;  and  call  moat  f„  jj^^,,  rn;pr„ement,-CoentrT,- 

impenously  upon  those  who  are  beet  Liberty? 

fcted  by  superiority  of  talent  aod  np-  Did  thy  cold  bosom  from  thy  earliest  youth 

nghtneas  of  inteotion  to  take  part  m  Throughout  thywbolecareerofeighty- 

them  with  good  effect.    The  call  ia  nni-  three 

formly  answered  by  a  genera]  rush  of  Long  years,  bestow  au  tknb  on  suffering 

the  finest  and  loftiest  spirits  to  the  Geld  Germany  I 
of  aelioD.     If  Shakespeare  had  lived 

fiAy  years  later  than  he  did,  he  would  "  The°  boastedst  than  eooldst  underslMd 

have  pnrsued   the  career  of   MJton :  'be  ways 

■nd  nothing  but  bis  oompuiaMy  reined  ^f  God  himsclfi  say,  didst  IhouMde*. 

val  from  the  theatre  of  publio  life  wootd  ™.,   .  A'^l  .  .        .        .... 

have  afforded  Milton  the  opportunity  of  '^'»'  "^  ^  ^'^'^  *«"«"'  ""  P™1« 

^"inl'l!?^*?i.'^'*'^'i/^''*^"""  Mi^«lyfortha.neighbotingta»dr 

?Ji=  .  ^'  ■     '"'  'PP**'  "^  P*^"?"'""  Wheo  Palsebood  thiDn'd  ^  putto  ope> 

tinder  such  circumstances  to  the  higher  shame 

and  belter  feelings  of  our  nature,  that  Didst  thou 'approve,  or  hiddtbypeMM? 
insensibility  to  rt  in  a  person  of  aupertor 


leaey  of  these  b«j- 


i=y  Google 


34S                                           Harro  Harrmg.  [Oet. 

Thon  call'dit   il   '  iaionection  oT  the  WhKt  ten    well-farsiili'il  miadi    had 

]o(T,'  well  eadow'd  : 

And     '  lairTDl   KOTenunent's     nnlairriil  But  thon  those    priceleM   powen  didit 

orertbrow.'  kwely  bide, 

And  tbr  TDDDg  beut'i  meonnted  tfe«- 

«  Wbat  tru  it  1  Wu  it  not  the  grand  •£•  tBre  tell 

ftir  For  «ortbln«  lop,— intent  on  woridtr 

At  which  three  centnriet  our  GefmBDr  pride 

Had  wrontrbt  witli  heart  and  hand  I  The  ADd  senanal   pleasure   only,— to  tke 

holr  war  wMl 

Of  Truth  with  lies, — oT  Man  with  Of   countrr, — huaankiad,^ — tbrongh  lifa 

MockeiT  7  inteatible. 
Didtt    than  as   such    regard    il, — tbou, 

whose  eye  "TU;  busr  thought  eiplor*d  allicieneea 

For   everything   beiide    wai    passing  And  arut-^hy  buiy  pen  explain'd  tlie 

bright  T  whole 

Ah  me  I  amid  it  his  connlr  mammery  Sare  one :— one  only  that  mo(t  (earching 

What  cares  a  rhyming,  coanty  paratite  gue 

nongh  million*  all  aronnd  are  bleeding  Pan'd  TinobwrT'd, — the  scienee  of  Ike 

for  the  right  1 "  Hnl  I 

I  Than, — to  whom  nothing  elae  TemainU 

The  effect  that  Goethe  might  have  „    unknown,— 

prodnced  by  an  actiTa  interrenlioQ  in  Wa»t  itiU  a  stranger  to  the  better  pwt 


uiana  of  the  day,  is  stated 


Of  thy  own  nUnre;— nerer  breath'dtt  ft 


•with  great  power  and  billemess.  With  tJuhy  mastery  oi>  thy  tmnit«I  art. 


"A  ward  rrom  thee,  and  Oennan;  had 
eanght 
Sane  glimpaea  ttf' what  Germany  shonid 


That  told  of  love  to  nan,  deep'^ootod  i 
thy  heart." 


The  littleQess  of  the  field  of  aeliaa 

A  word  from  thee  had  flred  the  people's  that  Goelhe  aelected,  is  onrionsly  ci 

thought  trasted  with  the  grandeur  and  raetni 

To  eestacy, — to  madaesit — Germany,  of  that  which  he  might  have  occupied. 

Btorra-shaiteHd, — hluled       by     oppres-  It  ii  Weimar  against  the  nuverae. 
■ion's  blow, — 

Poor  Germany,  perhaps,  bad  now  been  ' 
freet 
That  saving  word  thon  didst  not  speak : 

bat  know  A  Minister  at  Weimar  1— Born  to  fling 
To  whotnniQch  has  been  trasted,  mncb        The  fetters  of  thy  mighty  minstrelsy 

shall  be  O'er  charmed  Europe,  thou  most  <onde- 
From  him  required  again :— 'tis  God'sde-  scend 

elar'd  decree.  To  play  the  menial,  never  satisfied 

That  thon  wast   noble,  till  thy  angott 
"  And  mnch  to  thee  was  trusted ;  nature's  friend, 

care  His  moct  Transparent  Highness,*  cd- 

Host  bounteoosly  her  cboicest  gins  al-  tified 

loWd,  The  fact  and  round  thy  neck  two  jaids 
DispcDsing  to  thee  for  thy  MnRle  share  of  riband  tied  I 

'The  phrase  Mott  TriaupaTOd  ifigftnus  is  a  literal  version  of  the  barbarons 
wotdJTardUoacU,  which  is  osed  in  Germany  asthe  honorary  qualification  of  a  reiga- 
iag  Dake,  and  is  commonly  translated  in  English  by  Hit  Moit  Strmt  Higlauu.  It  is 
amalterorsnrprise  that  these  nameaniDg  and  bombulic  forms  of  Majesty,  Eicellen- 
ey.  Eminence,  Grace,  Serenity,  Transparency,  &c.,  which  were  invented  at  the 
worst  periods  of  Earapean  clvilizstion,  should  still  continue  to  prevail, — 1«  some  ex- 
tent even  in  this  country, — where  thry  are  directly  at  variaace  with  onr  political 
lyitem,  as  well  at  with  good  taste  in  style  and  theusagesofclassicalanliqoity.  These 
forms  had  their  origin  al  Conatanlinople,  under  the  lower  or  Greek  empire,  whence 
they  passed  in  a  mitigated  shape  into  the  etiquette  of  the  courts  of  modem  En- 
rope,  and  have  been  partially  copied  here.  The  most  absurd  specimen,  perhaps,  of 
this  barbarons  style  is  to  be  ibnnd  in  the  well  meant  attempts  that  are  occasionally 
ande  to  do  honor  to  the  President  of  the  United  States,  by  bestowing  npon  him  Iha 
qnlifiealios  at  Exe^tMty,  which  is  lavished  tn  Europe,  and  alio  here,  opoa  proTlK- 


3gle 


1844.]  Barr»  ifarring.  347 

Goathe  altempled  to  answer  thw  in  the  nidat  of  tbese  ODnrclatoiia.  Not 
eharge  in  aome  of  the  fonns  in  trhich  to  fa&ve  felllheiroccarreDce  as  doallla 
it  Toached  hie  ewa,  sometimea  by  say-  action,  wonld  hiva  arjrnBd  in  him,— 
in^  that  aa  Prime  Minister  of  the  little  whatever  it  may  have  done  in  Goethe, 
pnneipaliEy  of  Weimar,  it  was  his  trade  — a  monil  inaensibtlily,  incompati- 
to  be  a  royalist ;  at  others,  that  hie  to-  ble  with  an  essentially  elerated  aikd 
cation  was  poetry,  and  that  thecobbler  geneioua  character.  If  we  cannot  en- 
should  stick  to  hii  last.  Perhaps  hia  tirelyaoqait  hint  of  imprudence  in  some 
beat  defence  is  to  be  fonnd  in  the  fact,  of  his  efforts,  we  are  anihorized  to  ^ire 
that  be  had  already  reached  a  pretty  him  credit  for  a  spirit  of  self-sacriSce 
adf  anoed  age  when  the  troubles  of  En-  and  a  disinterested  devotion  to  the  good 
iopecDminenced,aDdmay  liave  thODght  of  mankind,  which  redeem  his  errors, 
it  too  lata  in  liiia  to  bogin  a  new  career  and  entitle  him  to  a  high  rank  in  the 
with  aoy  prospect  of  auooesa.  Harro,  noble  army  of  the  martyrs  in  the  oauae 
on  the  oratrary,  vras  bom  and  edDcaled  oTliberty. 

eia]  and  ilatc  govemort,  diplomatic  agente,  and  other  fDndionaries  of  comparatively 
inferior  imporluice.  If  the  President  ii  to  take  any  qnaliGcatlon  of  this  kind,  it 
■honld  obvionsly  be  that  otMajaty,  unleu  we  mean  to  admit  that  the  office  of  the 
elected  Chief  Magistrate  of  ■  me  people  is  lets  hoDorable  than  thatoftbebertditair 
nlerofa  nation  of  Bobjeeti.  Bat  to  the  eye  of  good  taite  aa  well  as  good  sense  al 
these  title*  look  very  mneh  like  mere  bnrleaqne.  Tbey  stand  essentially  on  the  same 
fboting  with  the  still  more  sonoroDi  and  magnifleent  appellations  of  Cauin  to  tt« 
An  owl  ifooH— Granilaoii  lo  iiu  Ortat  Bua—Lord  o/Om  WhiU  fltpkni,  4«.  4«., 
which  figure  so  brilliantly  in  the  diplomatic  fonns  of  Eastern  Aaia.  It  is  high  Otat 
that  they  were  abandcmed  entirely  in  tbia  republic 

[to  aa  coNTnnriD.] 


Thooob  I,  beloved,  thy  dark  eyes  so  tender. 

Hay  not  behold  for  years,  shall  I  refrain 
My  dreaming  fancy  sometimes  to  surrender 

To  the  sweet  hope  that  I  ahall  see  again 
Looks  that  so  charmed  me,  amiles  that  were  so  dear  t 

Oh,  no  !  to  tmsting  heariB  there  comes  an  boor 
When  all,  unsullied  by  a  doubt  or  fear. 

Bust  into  bloom  the  bade  ofpsMion's  flower. 

Fate  may  deprive  us,  for  a  monmftil  aoason, 

Of  those  deep  joys  which  mutual  kindness  lends, 
And  warm  emotiona  may  be  chilled  by  Kessoo, 

So  that  tme  lovers  can  be  but  true  frienda. 
Yet  on  the  horiion  of  the  lowliest  heart, 

That  trnsta  and  looka  through  present  cloud  aikd  «on:mr. 
There  ever  abinea,  aerenely  and  apart, 

A  light  t«  cheer  aoms  longed-for,  dim  to-morrow. 


lizcdbyGoOl^Ic 


7^  JtanitM  Liinttt. 


THE  RANDOM  UEENESS. 

B*  IIM.  UraBLO. 
*>  no*'!  Bina  in  thgaariflu,  ib««  pnAnnd  hi»«i."— AuEaraui. 

"Cestaihlt,  my  dnai  mother/'  said  they  hare  been,  to  be  tare;  bat  if  I  mm 
Paul  Churchill,  "  what  little  talent  I  able  to  do  bo  little  to  piomota  ye%a- 
jlosaeM,  I  maat  have  inherited  from  comfort,  would  it  not  be  madoesa  ia 
yOD  ;  now  that  is  quite  a  prelty  pii'lure  me  to  think  of  asking  another  to  shaje 
you  have  just  described,  the  outline  ia  our  difficulties,  for  you  acknowledge 
accurate,  and  the  grouping  of  the  that  it  would  not  suit  my  style  of  el^- 
figurea  I  like  pattioulaily  j  aome  years  racter  to  taia  fortune-hunter  t" 
hence  perhaps  I  may  have  no  objeetion  "  Yet,  how  oflen,  my  dear  son,"  ra- 
te occupying  the  respectable  position  in  joined  Mrs.  Chnichill,  "  have  I  aeen  it 
which  you  have  sketched  me;  but  not  the  case, that  ayoungmanhasincarred 
now,  dear  mother,  I  am  too  young  the  censure  of  hia  friends  bj  rushing 
and  heedless  yet ;  and  you  hare  spoiled  into  what  appeared  to  be  an  impradeat 
me  so  mach,  that  1  don't  know  where  I  nmrriatfe,  when  that  step  itself  seenos 
sbonld  find  any  one  wiliing  to  put  up  to  hare  turned  the  scales  of  fortune  in 
with  my  waywardness  as  you  do  :  be-  his  favor ;  and  before  long  those  very 
■ides,  jestinz  apart,  the  thing  you  are  individuals  who  blamed  him  have  fonod 
well  aware  is  impossible."  themaelvOB  lAliged  to  confess  that  be 

"  Why  impossible  V  said  Mrs.  could  not  have  done  a  betler  thiog. 
Cbnrchill,  "but  I  will  not  ask;  you  Take  my  word  for  it,  Paul,  you'll  never 
mean  that  you  have  not  enough  of  this  do  anything  worth  talking  about  until 
world's  goods  for  yourself,  and  there  I  you  have  taken  my  advice;  over  since 
4giee  with  you  entirely ;  we  only  differ  the  world  began  such  has  been  the 
as  to  the  first  step  to  be  taken  in  secur-  course  of  things ;  very  little  is  record- 
ing the  needful  addition.  Stop  now,  if  ed  of  our  first  ancestor,  except  his  fall* 
you  please,  &ir  sir,  unbend  that  brow  ing  into  a  'deep  sleep'  UDlil  a  help- 
and  put  aside  that  haughty  look  of  mate  was  given  him." 
offended  dignity  for  some  occasion  "Well,  but,"  replied  theyooog  man, 
when  it  may  be  called  for.  I  am  not  smiling,  "  some  might  say,  that  Father 
^ing  to  hint  the  pottibUUy  of  yonr  Adain^  marriage  was  not  so  advantage- 
increasing  your  fortune  by  means  of  a  ous  an  arrangement  for  him  :  the  lady 
wife,  but  ouly  to  say  to  jau  that  I  don't  did  not  always  give  him  the  beat  advice 
believe  yon  ever  will  make  any  pro-  in  the  world,  you  know." 
gress  ia  life  until  you  do  get  one.  You  "  I  acknowledge,"  replied  Mrs. 
■ay  you  must  succeed  in  your  profes-  Churchill,  "that  woman  did  once  mis- 
•ionj^Mf,'  I  say  you  wiU  succeed  ader-  lead  man,  but  you'll  a^ee  that  she'* 
wards.  My  dear  son,  there  may  be  somewhat  made  up  for  it  since  ;  and  it 
many  things  in  the  world  that  you  un-  is  very  evident  that  he  could  not  have 
derstsnd  much  betterthan  I,  but  believe  done  as  well  without  her,  or  she  would 
ine,  I  have  not  passed  through  life  never  have  been  given  to  him.  Don't 
thus  far  blindfolded,  and  I  have  ob-  misunderstand  me,  however;  I  would 
eerved  that  a  young  man  never  does  uot,  if  I  could  mould  you  to  my  will, 
pot  forth  all  his  strength  in  the  race  have  you  set  about  looking  for  a  wife, 
until  he  is  hirly  shackled  with  a  wife  ;  as  you  would  for  a  hat  or  a  pair  of  boots, 
that  be  never  keeps  at  steady  a  contae  and  so  make  up  your  mind  which  would 
aa  afler  he  has  taken  upon  himself  the  be  likely  to  suit  you  best,  or  which 
responsibilities  of  a  married  man."  would  be  the  most  easy  for  you  to  cb- 

"  Have  I  not  as  great  responsibilities  taio.    No ;  I  would  only,  were  it  in  mr 

in  my  present  poaitioo  as  any  married  power,   persuade   you   to   let  youTBSU 

nuuiV'  said  FsluI,  in  a  sad,  but  affeo-  alone,  and  not  to  keep  your  fancies  and 

tionote  tone.     "  Are  yon  not,  my  dear  affections  so  tightly  chained  up,  that 

mother,  almost  eutiialy  depoDdent  on  when  you  do  think  it  

my  paltry  ezettioos  ;  most  ioeffeotiiil  them    '  ''' 


11  be  to  nidi4  , 

LiOOgIC 


1844.]                                 Tlu  JiMidfm  Ukmtu.  3U 

d«gne  onnipad  tad    eDfrabled,  Uut  aaid, 'I  will  blot  it  oat,  am]  never  snf- 

Uiof  will  Dorer  benefit  eitber  700  or  fer  mj  pencil  to  wander  in  neb  a 

may  one  etw."  coDree  ftgain  ;  what  b>Te  /  to  do  with 

"  ytiij,  mother  1"  aud    the  young  arched  browa  and  silken  lashea !  Whr 

man,  coloring  up  to  the  temples,  yet  try-  do  I  mis  and  grind  my  colon  to  iml- 

ingf  to  look  nncuncamad  ;  "what  in  the  tate  the  boI\  hue  of  beauty'a  cheek,  01 

world  can  have  put  ancli  a  notion  into  the  bright  tint  of  her  lip  t     Jt  dues  bat 

yoar  bead  \  ibe  bncies  and  affecliona  remind  me  that  I  can   never  bope  to 

roo  talk  about  are  all  fixed  upon  my  render  homage  to  the  loToly  original ; 

lewitohing  art.     True,  ahe  baa  proTed  that  stem  FVtrlune  haa  placed  my  lot 

as   yet  but   an  nngrateful  mistress  to  beyond  that  pale  where  dvelia  the  sort 

me ;  atill,  all  my  tows  are  offered  np  on  of  creature  for  which  alone  I  feel  that 

her  shrine,  and  two  passiona  cannot,  I  could  liTe.     No,  I  will  blot  tl 


L" 


y<m  know,  inhabit  a  bniaat  at  the  aame  and  roi;oe  my  fancy  to  embodv  and  wj 

time."  pencil  to  trace  only  such  sunjecta  aa 

"Hy  dear  aon,"  aaid  Mts.  Chnrobill,  may  be  profitable  in  my  eiraitened  cir- 

ahaking  ber  head,  and  filing  00  Paul  comstances.'     Yon  aaid   more,   I   b»- 

ber  gentle  eyes,  in  whose  glance  affec-  lieve,  bat  all  to  the  aame  purpoee  ;  your 

tioD,  pride,  and  the  most  anxioas  solici-  door  atood  ajar,  and  I  could  see  upon 

tndq  so  mingled  together,  that  it  would  yoat  canvass  Ibe  outline  of  a  female 

hare  been  impossible  to  say  which  pre-  face.     I  did   not  speak  to  you  at  tha 

dominated    at  the  moment,    "  I  have  time,  for  I  thought  your  voice  seemed 

too  long  dwelt  upon   and  studied  that  agitated  ;  but  this  evening,  1  oould  not 

con nte nance,  not  to  be  able  to  decypher  restrain  myself.   Now,  let  me  ask  yoa, 

with  accuracy  every  change,  however  my  dear  Paul,  why  theuld  not  beautj'a 

slight   in   its   eipression.     For    some  eye  beam  for  you  T     Why  should  not 

time  it  has  been   evident  to   me  that  her  lip  respond  to  your  tow  of  affee- 

your   Bpirita   flagged    more   than   was  tionV 

natural  in  one  of  your  years  and  teoi-         "  Pshaw  '.  my  dearest  mother,"  to- 

perament.     i  have  observed  you  again  plied  Paul,  looking  half  provoked,  half 

and  again  begin  apictnie,  blot  it  out,  miaeiable,  at  these  wards,  "that  waa 

and   then,   perhaps,  throw  aside  your  only  a  painter's  rhapsody ;   yon  think 

pencil  entirely  for  a  day  ;  in  short,  you  me  a  genius,  and  goninaes  are,  yov 

•eem  noTer  to  be  aatiefied  with  yonr-  know,  sabjetc  to  flignta  of  the  imagine 

aelf."  tion ;  I  thought  I  had  been  wasting  my 

"  At  any  rate,  I  am  not  singular  in  time.and  pabtishedmyowi^diagracabj 

that,"  replied  I^al,  with  some  bitter-  scolding  myself  aloud." 
nesd,  "for  no  one  else  seems  to  be  sa-        "But  why  should  the  dravringa  beaa- 

tiafied  with  me."  tiful  female  face  be  a  waste  of  time, 

Mrs.    Cbnrcbill    hemmed     down    a  Paul  V 
Mgb.    "  I  will  not  atop  now,"  said  she,       "  You  should  remember  I  have  eo- 

"  to  tell  you  whether  I  think  you  impa-  gaged  to  finish  some  picturea  for  Hr. 

tient  or  not,  but  will  rather  gn  on  to  Migson's  shop-window  ;  and  it  atruck 

explain  why  i  haTS  felt  impelled,  thia  me  that  perhaps  some  chubby  children 

evening,  thus  to  urge  yon ;  and  why,  and  ailky  poodlea  would  be  more  snil»- 

although  yoD  will  not  allow  me  to  lift  ble  to   a   print-shop ;   besides,   I   will 

the  curtain,  I  bare  been  unable  to  re-  oonfesa  to  you  1  think  it  best  to  keep 

frain  from  making  some  effort  to  give  a  such  notions  out  of  my  head." 
happier  turn  to  your  thoughts,  evident-       "  My  dear  son,  allow  me  to  aay  I  dif- 

1y,  of  late,  somewhat  bnrdensome  to  fer  from  yon  in  opinion;  they  are  veijr 

you.   I  wilt  confess,  then,  my  son,  that  good,   very   wise,   very   commendable 

itis  inconsequenceof  haTingoverheard  notioLS.     Pray,  now,  don't  be  so  ailly 

some  of  your  words.    I  was  coming  to  aa  to  banish  womankind  even  fromyoor 

your  room  this  morning,  to  make  some  very   canvass.     Besidea,    yon    ahould 

request  of  you — I  forget  what — when  remember,  if  you  are  so  set  against  ea- 

niy  step*  were  arrested  by  the  sound  of  couraglng  the  advances  of  the  tender 

yoar  voice.    Supposing,  at  first,  that  a  passion,  the  observation  made  by  hia- 

TLsiter  was  with  you,  I  was  about  to  lorians  that  many  more  thousand  an 

withdraw ;  bot  then  waa  so  much  bit-  killed  in  a  Jlig/it  than  a  batUt}  aOi  by 
temess  in  yonr  tone,  that  it  kept  me  a    way  of  turning  your  (ace  agunst  tu 

lialaner,  in  spile  of  myaelf.    '  No,*  you  enemy,  pray  set  to  work  at  once ;  ^—  i 


3G0                                        Tht  Rmdcm  lUmur.  [Oct. 

finiafa  the  prctij  giil,  m&ke  her  u  beui-  this  part  of  the  orMiion  Outlier  tluui  hr 

tiful  M  jou  can  im&gine  Eve  to  have  iroitaiiag  their  beauty  on  canraM :  wiU 

been  in  Paradise  :  and  whether  ahe  ap-  yon  be  aalislied  with  tbat  1" 

riar  first  in  a  print-shop  or  a  gallecjr,  "  Certainly,  my  md,  if  you  axe  ;** 

reel  certain  the  nill  do  nare  far  yon  said  Mis.  CherohUI. 

than  all  tbs  chUdren  and  poodles  in  the  Here  the  entrance   of  the  tea'tm^ 

eonntry.    The  fact  is,  Paul,  you  are  broke  off  the  cifaTerBatiDn ;  nor  waa  it 

growing  rather  savage,  and  the  face  of  again  lesumed.      Mrs.    Churchill   ba- 

a  pretty  woman  looking  at  you  fiotn  lieved  that  ahe  had  secnred  some  hap- 

SDQT    canraaa,  nill  humanize  joa  a  py  houra  to  her  aoo,  by  engaging  hina 

tl]e."  to  finish  the  dangerous   picture ;    ahtt 

"Well,"  aaid  Paul,  making,  ae  it  had,  moreoTer,  a  hope  that  a  task  bv 

seemed,  a  desperate  eSbit  to  shake  off  which  he   seemed  ao  mnch  excited, 

)de  gloom  ;    "  I'll   finish   the   picture,  would  probably  be  complaied  in  a  style 

mother,  if  yon  will  promise  me  ooe  to  attract  the  notice  slie  felt  sara  he 

thing,  which  is,  that  you  never  urge  deaerred  ;  and  the  doling  mother  w«Dt 

me  to  render  any  other  homage  to  uie  to  her  rest  that  nigbt  with  a  lighter 

foil  sex,  or  enprcH  my  admiralioa  of  heait  than  naual. 


"How  DOW!  rma  »  quickly  miyooa  cUch  Iha  plague ;"—aBuiF8iai. 

Tki  admired  and  idolized  Paul  waa  print-shop.     More  than  once  did   be 

iSn.  Churchiirs  only  child.    Left  a  feel  tempted  to  throw  aside  his  peocil 

widow   Boon  after   his  birth,  she  had  and  brnahea,  and  turn  hia  alteatioa  to 

giTcn  up  all  her  heart  to  loving  bim  ;  some  ^ore  adranlageoua  pursuit,  one 

all  her  time  to  instrectiDg  and  taking  in  which   be   might  puah   hia  way  at 

care  of  him  ;   and  as  ha  oolgrew  her  once  to  fortune  ;   bat  as  often  did  ba 

tuition,  all  her  worldly  goods  to  the  se-  Sj  with  disgust  from  the  thought,  and, 

cnring    him   every   advantage,    every  8eiEinghispalette,iind  that  to  bim  there 

means    of    improvement   within    her  was  more  enjoyment  in  the  ezereise 

reach.     She  had  even  made  several  even  of  Ihe  inferior  branches  of  hia  be* 

imprudent  sacrifices  in  order  to  enable  loved  art,  than  the  highest  post  he  mi^ht 

him  to  cultivate  his  peculiar  talent  la  ever  hope  to  attain,  eould  afford  hmi. 

the  eimost.    This  talent  ahe  fully  he-  "  No !"  he  would  exclaim,  "  better  is  it 

lieved  would  one  day  meet  with  its  due  for  me  to  remain  only  a  '  veaael  to  dii- 

share  of  patronage  ;  but  while  it  was  honor,'  all  the  days  of  my  life,  in  that 

bar   constant   effort    to   fill  her   son's  service  to  which  I  have  vowed  myself 

breaat  with  the  same  brigbt  hopes  that  even  from  childhood,  than  to  desert  the 

eheered  her  own,  time  passed  on,  and  paths  1  chose  withthe  earlieat  exercise 

Paul  continued  to  be  nothing  more  than  of  my  youthful  judgment.     To  be  aare, 

tbB;ioor  wfijf,a8  he,  half  in  joke,  half  it  did  appear  to  me  under  a  different 

in  Bad  earnestness,  continued  to  call  aspect,  when  hope  flourished  nnchecked 

himaelf.  Their  diminished  means — ne-  in  my  heart ;  but  though  disappoint- 

ver,  indeed,  mnch  more  than  a  decent  ment  may  have  chilleo  my  spirit,  it 

competence — now    ecarcel^    sufficed,  cannot  yet  fix  itself  on  any  other  ob- 

with    all  Mrs.  Churchill's  rigid  econo-  ject.     I  must   live  and  die  i.  painter, 

rovj  to  secnre  to  them  the  comforts  though  fame  deny  me  her  laurels,  and 

wbieh  habit  had  rendered  necessaries;  fortune  close  her  hand  aguoat  me.  My 

and. Paul  atiil,  either  through  want  of  poor  mother  and  I  are  both  very  mode- 

patron^e,  too  mnch  diffidence,  or  a  rate  in  onr  wants ;  to  see  me  happy, 

eonrae  of  ill  lock,  failing  to  attract  any  isAer  greatest  loxury ;  by  sacrificing  a 

notice  at  all  profitable  to  him,  found  portion  of  my  lime  to  the  meohanioal 

himeelf  obliged  either  to  depend  en-  employment  from  which  alone  I  le^ 

tirely  on  tiis  mother's  slender  income,  some  profit,  my  maintenance  need  be 
which  he  could  not  bear  the  idea  of   no  burden  to  her,  and  I  may  atiil  fauoy 

borrfeuing  with  hia  own  maintenance,  myself  one  of  the  fraternity,  though  my 

or  to deaoend to Ute  mechanical, and, as  name  be  not  known  among  them:  so, 

it  appeared  to  him,  servile  employment  then,  I  am  determined  to  be  happj» 

of  preparing  pictures  for  a  neighboring  even  in  my  obscnrity," 


=,Goog  c 


1644.]                                  Tht  Rettdim  LUtntti.  Ul 

Full  of  tbeae  feelingi,  Psal  one  daj  hu  the  monc^lised  oU  Uie  Ikiry  gifta 

look   np  his  tiat  to  visit  some  painting,  which   ue   seneralljr   diTided    amoDg 

which  in  adteitiBeoient  in   the  morn-  women  1"   Thus  the  jonng  artist  stood, 

ing's  paper  mentioned  as  jasi  uriTed  in  as  if  spell-bound,  striving  [a  fix  his  eyes 

the  citj,  fresh  from  the  hand  of  one  of  upon  the  picture,   but  ever  and  anoa 

Uie  ffloal  celebrated  aclietH  of  the  day.  suffering  them  to  wander  from  it  to  the 

The   picture   proved    worthy    of  the  breathing  loveliness  beside  him.     At 

flourish  of  trnmnels  with  which  it  bad  length  the  gentleman,  in  an  affection- 

been  announced  ;  and  as  he  gazed  and  ate  tone,  reminded  his  daughter  that  bia 

dwelt  with  delight,  intense  delight,  on  time  was  not  that  morning  entirely  at 

each  line  of  beauty,  Paul  hugged  him-  his  command,  but  offered  to  return  with 

■elf  ID  the  idea  that  he  had  so  decided-  her  the  next  day,  if  she  should  wish  it. 

ly  rejected  the  notion  of  quitting  the  Juai  at  that  moment  it  struck  Paul  that 

glorious  craft,  and  felt  disposed,  with  it  would  suit  the  arrangement  of  Aw 

e*eiT  breath  he  drew,  to  exclaim —  time  quite  as  well,  lo  postpone  anj 

"  Ed  io  uiche  on  Pittore  !"  farther  study  of  the  picture  until  the 

While  he  was  thus  engrossed,  his  morrow,  and  drawn  by  a  witchcraft,  of 
"  eye  in  a  fine  frenzy  rolling,"  encoun-  which  he  was  the  UDConscions  thrall, 
tered  a  pair  of  large  blue  orbs,  which,  he  followed  closely  after  the  pair, 
although  almost  hidden  by  the  long  dark  This  step  did  not  tend  to  diminish 
lashes  which  shaded  them,  were  still  his  danger ;  the  onlline  of  the  figuie, 
plainly  to  be  distinguished  as  "deeply,  the  graceful  walk,  the  very  manner  ia 
<larkly,beautifully  l^ue."  They  belong-  which  she  leaned  upon  her  father's 
ed  to  a  young  girl,  who  stood  within  a  arm,  the  gentle  dependence  with  which 
few  steps  of  him,  leaning  upon  the  arm  she  seemed  to  cling  to  him,  were  all  in 
of  an  elderly  gentleman,  whose  en-  perfect  keeping  with  the  beauty  that 
tianca  had  riot  been  observed  by  Paul,  had  taken  captive  the  enihosiastio 
M>  completely  waa  he  engrossed  by  the  young  artist.  But  oh  '.  the  transiency 
painting.  The  moat  glossy  raven  hair,  ofevery  earthly  pleasure!  Fearing  that 
aaiting  well  with  the  dark  shade  of  the  others  might  read  in  his  looks  the  ad- 
above  mentioned  eye-lashes,  was  sim-  miration  which  he  felt  conacioua 
ply  parted  on  a  forehead  white  as  the  his  eye  betrayed,  he  withdrew  hia  gaze 
now-lallen  anaw,  and  as  free  from  every  for  a  moment  to  speak  to  some  one,  and 
trace  of  care  or  passion,  as  if  not  per-  in  that  moment  she  was  gone  ;  they 
tainingtoa  descend  ant  of  her  who  "was  had  turned  a  corner  which  Paul  had  no 
first  in  the  transgression  ;"  the  cheek  right  to  turn,  that  is  to  say,  it  did  not' 
might  have  been  called  pale,  but,  beside  lie  in  his  way,  and  it  seemed  tn  his  de- 
ibe  lip,  the  brightest  coral  must  needs  licate  feelings  that  it  would  amount  to 
have  olushed  for  shame.  Ah!  thought  intrusion  any  longer  to  dog  her  foot' 
Paol,  as  ho  drew  a  long  suppressed  steps.  Yes,  she  was  gone  ;  hut  aba 
aigh,  and  resolutely  turned  his  eyes  might  on  the  morrow  revisit  the  spot 
back  upon  the  picture — "  A  substitute  where  he  had  just  met  her,  and,  there- 
ahinei  origfatly  as  a  king,"  only  "nn-  fore,  tiDtil  that  morrow  he  must  feaat 
less  a  king  be  by ;"  there  ia  no  mim-  on  the  recollection  of  the  beauty  so  in- 
icking  the  workmanship  of  Heaven  ;  delibly  imprinted  on  his  fancy, 
the  pencil  even  of  a  Dubafe  cannot  To-morrow  came,  and  did  not,  as  is 
vie  with  "Nature's  own  sweet  and  cun-  so  common  in  this  worb-a- day  world, 
ning  hand."  bring  disappointment  with  it;  the  sua 

While  these  ideas  passed  throagh  his  shone  brightly,  and  the  exhibition-room 

mind,  the  room  was  getting  filled  with  was  a^in  adorned  by  its  living  as  well 

visitora,  but  the  young  lady,  only  Decs'  as  its  inanimate  attraction.     'Tha  b^O' 

sionally  withdrawing  bereyee  from  the  tiful  girl,  apparently  forgetful  of  the 

painting  to  return  the  salutation  of  soma  loveliness   which  her  mirror  had  jnat 

pMsiug  acquaintance,  seemed  entirely  before  presented  her,  seemed  not  easily 

oeenpied  by  it :  a  few  ohservations  to  to  tire  of  gazing  opoo  the  saperb  imi- 

the  gentleman  whom  she  addressed  as  tation  of  life  presented  in  the  Picture. 

"  Papa,"  reached  Paul's  ear.    "What  Paul  spent  his  time  as  he  did  the  day 

ajnst  taste!"  thought  he;  "what  lovely  before,  telling  himself  that  he  was  stn- 

enthusiasm!  ahe  luiows  how  to  appro-  dying   the  fine  specimen   of  Art,  but 

ciata  the  genius  she  was  born  to  in-  feeling  that  he  waa  pouring  oat  bis 

spire ;  and  what  a  ailTOT  voice  !    Uow  whole  aonl  in  adroiistioD  of  the  fiii-«z-     -. 


Goog  I 


SfiS  n*  ttndom  Likeneu.  (Oct. 

eeHin;  work  of  Satan.  SflTsnl  timea  Btasoes  which  (tbMriMd  ks  wu  his  at- 
thar  '"^t  ^'  tliB  plice  orezhibitioD,  and  tsation  by  the  poetry  of  her  beauty  sad 
asch  lime  Patil  took  tn  largo  draughtB  grace)  Paul  could  not  help  obeerring:, 
of  ezciiemont,  which  one  moment  liax  toTtane  bad  not  denied  her  favors 
saemed  to  lend  life  a  charm  it  knew  not  to  the  one  whom  Nature  seemed  to 
before,  and  the  next,  to  render  all  that  have  taken  aoch  pleasure  io  adorning  : 
had  hitherto  been  attractive  to  him,  all  the  insignia  of  wealth  attended  her  ; 
"flat,  atale  and  naprofitable."  beaniiful  apparel,  handsome  equipago. 
At  length  the  spell  was  broken ;  the  &c.,  while  he  had  little  or  noihing  to 
golden  strand  which,  during  some  ten  do  with  the  circle  in  which  alone  ho 
or  twelve  days  past,  had,  at  intervals,  could  expect  to  meet  her ;  for  although 
glittered  in  the  thread  of  bis  destiny,  conscious  that  his  birth  and  edncatioa 
was  snapped  ;  the  Picture  was  packed  entitled  him  to  association  with  any,  he 
op  to  be  transported  to  other  sceDea,  had  yet  ever  shrunk  with  Dervons  sen- 
and  there  seemed  no  prospect  that  he  sitiveness  from  the  society  of  snch  aa, 
ahould  ever  again  catch  a  glimpse  of  his  ahhough  often  inferior  to  him  in  all  but 
beautiful  Incognita.  Then  it  was  tbit  the  adTenlitious  circumstance  of  wealth, 
PanI  became  senaible  how  dangerous  a  he  yet  felt  painfully  apprehenaiTO 
pleasure  he  had  been  indulging  in ;  his  might  not  consider  him  as  an  ei^ua]. 
apirits,  all  his  feelings  had  been  tuned  "  Ah,  yes,"  sighed  he,  nhenfotced  ioto 
to  so  high  a  pitch,  that  it  seemed  im-  sober  thooght  by  the  recollection  of 
possible  to  bring  them  down  to  the  ev-  these  stem  realities — "  T  ought  not  to 
ery-day  rontioe  of  common-place  oc-  wish  again  te  meet  her — what  can  she 
eurrences  :  true,  he  had,  during  the  ever  he  to  me  but  a  form  of  beauty,  & 
periodoftheeshibitionof  the  Painting,  triumphant  evidence  of  Nature's  ex- 
only  seen  his  Mr  enslaver  occasiooally  ceediog  and  all  surpassing  skill!  Is  it 
and  at  nncertain  intervals;  siill  those  not  madness  inmeeven  to  thinkof  her  1 
pTflcioBs  moments  were  so  crowded  to  employ  ray  imagination  in  slrivingr 
with  enjoyment,  that  they  gave  a  color  to  sketch  the  outline  ofthe  gentle  spirit 
tA  all  the  iotermediate  hours  of  his  ex-  which  speaks  with  such  bewitchioff 
istence,  and  as  he  took  his  daily  walk  animation  from  her  soft  eye  T  No,  I 
to  the  museum,  be  could  always  hope  will  be  more  wise,  and  endeavor  to 
that  she  tXao  might  be  there ;  or  if  dis-  make  some  profit  of  thia  delightful  inci- 
appointed  to-day,  why  then  there  was  dent  in  my  life.  The  recollection  of  her 
but  the  better  prospect  of  his  being  beauty  shall  give  an  edge  to  my  (kncy, 
gratified  oa  the  morrow.  But  now  lo  and  impart  a  more  soaring  tendency  to 
what  ebance  could  he  look  for  a  renew*  the  powers  which  seem  to  have  Sagged 
ml  of  the  mysterious,  nameless  sort  of  latterly,  for  want,  perhaps,  of  this  very 

luppinesa  which  he  had  lately  taated!  — ■' " 

It  was  evident  from  several  circum- 


*'  eo  la,  ni  M  BUM*  ml ;  li  baih  naie  dc  mad."— flBiaiTwsi. 

Haviva  formed  this  resolution,  Paul  ing  close  to  his  breast  the  very  arrow 

Chorchitl  flew  to  bis  study ;  obedient  which  had  destroyed  his  tranquillity, 

memory  readily  conjured  up  the  desir-  and  now,  with  the  impetuosity  natural 

ed  image ;   and  for  some  time  he  gave  to  his  enthusiastic  temperament,  he  re- 

his  days  and  nights  to  the  delightful  solved  at  once  to  draw  it  ont  and  fores 

task  of  fasbiooing  a  likeness  of  hia  his  thoughts  away  from  beauty  with 

"bright  particular  star."     Il  was  not  all  its  fascinations. 
easy,  however,  to  satisfy  his  own  fasti-        He  was    in  this    mood  when    his 

diousness ;  the  pictore  was  touched  and  mother  overheard  Mm  soliloquizing  aa 

retoQched,  put  aside  and  resnmed ;  but  above    mentioned  :    her     affeciionate 

long  before  it  was  completed  be  began  heart  was  touched  to  the  quick  at  the 

to  see  that,  philosopher  aa  he  thought  mehkncholy,  hopeless   strain  in  which 

himself,  he  had  been  most  unwise  in  he  had  apoken  ;  it  had  always  seemed 

the  choice  of  an  occapatioo.     He  found  to  her  that  there  should  be  no  other 

that  ha  had  baen  ckembiog  and  keep-  check  lo  the  gratification  of  aoy  or  all^ 


Google 


1B44,]  Tie  RaiuUm  Liimttt.  SSS 

the  fiuicies  of  her  dsTling,  than  in  u  nre"  to  show  it  to  all  who  might 
far  &■  such  gralificatiiin  might  be  in  choose  to  look  on  it ;  besidea  that  ho  ~ 
eoDie  way  hurtful  to  him ;  &ad  to  eup-  thought  it  would  be  taking  an  nawti- 
poae  anyihiog  bejond  his  reach  waa  noiable  liberty  to  attempt  a  likeneM  of 
too  painful  a  thought  for  her  long  to  one  not  eTen  known  to  him.  Ha  xe- 
htirbur.  She  could  ooc  beai  (hat  be  solved  ihereroie  to  make  it  a  decidedly 
should  consider  any  object  in  life  u a-  difTerent  style  of  face.  Whereas  Ih« 
attainable  by  him ;  that  bia  dear  heart  eyes  that  had  enchained  bis  fancy  wero 
should  not  give  full  pUy  to  all  its  sen-  blue,  pure  skyey  blue,  those  that  his 
sibilities,  ot  that  it  should  ever  sigh  in  pencil  should  nan  spend  its  skill  in 
vain.  Thus  she  was  led  to  remember  portraying  should  imitate  the  darkest 
the  dilFereut  young  men  that  had  coma  Jet;  instead  of  the  raven  locks  which 
under  her  knowledge,  who,  vrith  not  formed  so  beautiful  a  contrast  to  tha 
(she  felt  quite  certain}  half  the  talent  marble  forehead  they  overtopped,  the 
or  industry  of  her  Paul,  had  made  their  palest  aubarn  curls  should  dnster  aboot 
way  to  fortune ;  she  reflected  that  as  the  temples  of  his  creation.  Further 
many,  and  even  more,  had  reached  the  he  coeld  not  go  in  the  alteration ;  foT  to 
desired  goal  al\er  maniage  as  before ;  have  given  op  the  perfectly  oval  ont- 
and  having  been  long  convinced  that  line  of  the  face,  the  Grecian  nose,  the 
her  eon  only  required  some  sufficient  round  red  lip,  and  the  gentle  transition 
impetus  to  lorca  his  talents  into  notice,  from  the  cheek  to  the  ear,  would  hava 
she  made  np  hei  mind  that  nothing  been  too  great  a  aacrifioe — they  were 
woold  so  surely  rouse  him  to  exertion,  the  common  property  of  all  real  beauty  ;  ' 
and  druw  him  from  the  obscurity  to  but  by  endeavoring  to  subalitute  the 
which  his  aenaitiva  and  leliring  nature  most  laughing  eipression  for  the  lofly, 
seemed  so  to  cling,  as  the  undeniable  Madonna  caal  of  countenance  whieb 
claims  of  one  wham  he  himself  sbould  had  struck  him  so  forcibly  in  tbe  bean-, 
undertake  to  care  for.  Having  rea-  tifu!  stranger,  he  thought  he  reiinquiah- 
soned  herself  into  the  belief  that  in  ed  all  thai  could  be  expected  of  him. 
urging  him  to  follow  tbe  bent  of  his  Nor  could  he  refrain  from  making  a 
inclinations,  she  at  the  same  time  ad-  somewhat  close  copy  of  the  graceful 
Tocaied  a  step  which  would  further  his  form  he  so  well  remembered ;  a  liUla 
success  in  life,  and  ever  anxious  to  more  embonpoint  would  be  consistent 
speak  to  him  Slly  and  in  season,  she  with  his  plan  of  making  a  difference, 
had,  after  watching  and  waiting  for  an  at  the  same  time  that  it  would  harmo- 
opporlunity,  ventured  to  begin  the  nize  best  with  the  less  ethereal  appeat- 
cunversalion  in  which  we  find  the  ance  of  his  intended  "  chef-d'tBUvre," 
mother  and  her  sun  engaged  on  tbe  but  the  same  exquisite  chiaelling  waa, 
evening  of  our  first  introduction  to  ha  decided,  absolately  neeessarr. 
them.  "Now,"  thought  he,  as  the  beautinil 

A  mother's  zeal  had  shown  itself  in  figure  first  began  to  look  apon  him 
all  that  Mrs.  Churchill  bad  said  ;  and  from  his  canvass  with  an  air  of  reality, 
her  words  went  not  without  their  re-  smiling  with  the  arch  simplicity  he  had 
ward  ;  at  least,  she  had  the  aaiiafac-  striven  to  impart  to  it ;  "  who  can  ae- 
tion  of  seeing  a  degree  of  animation  cuse  me  of  having  gone  beyond  my 
imparted  to  the  eye  whose  every  turn  limits  in  imitating  individual  beauty  % 
she  had  learnt  to  read  and  interpret  who  will  say  there  is  anjrthing  beaven- 
wilh  the  utmost  accuracy,  and  which  ly  in  that  face!  I  Salter  myself  that 
had  for  some  time  past  told  a  tale  of  it  represents  a  lovely  female,  but  she 
listless  despondency.  is  evidently  of  the  earth,  oarlhy  :  no 

Paul  worked  at  his  picture  with  re-  one  need  suppose  her  a  visiter  from 
newed  eagerness ;  but  while  he  com-  some  better  world.  There  are,  to  ha 
plied  with  his  mother's  wish,  he  at  the  sure,"  he  conlinned,  as  bis  eye  rested 
same  time  held  to  his  determinalinn  of  an  the  several  points  of  resemblaucB 
not  allowing  himself  the  dangeroas  before  mentioned,  "some'charrae  in 
gratification  of  dapicling  the  particular  common,  but  I  must  hare  disfigured 
beauty  which  had  made  such  an  im-  my  picture  had  I  denied  myself  that 
pression  upon  him ;  besides,  this  was  privilege  :  there  u  a  striking  likeneas, 
intended  as  a  specimen  of  his  akill,  and  I  confess,  but  there  ean  be  but  one  rule 
it  wonid  have  seemed  to  him  a  sort  of  for  perfect  baau^ ;  there  mun  always 
profanation  of  a  form  "so  ticli  aod    be  (onw  uiniUniy  between  those  on 

roL.  XT. — NO,  Luri,  24 


Google 


SB4                                      7^  Aotulam  LUena:  [Oct. 

wboin  IB  bestawed  th>t  bewitching  gation  wu  entirely  pmenled  bj  ber 
boon."  observing  the  bIftDk,  dispirited  eiprea- 
Mrs.  Chntchill  wm,  u  mighi  haTS  nan  of  her  Hn'iapeakiDgcoantenance, 
been  expected,  in  Tspiuree,  when,  hft7-  &nd  the  mollified  air  with  which  ha 
iog  giren  it  its  last  tonchee,  her  ion  took  his  Beat  appoeite  her  U  tbe  snoal], 
invited  ber  to  loolc  upon  hia  work.  Nor  Bcantilj  eorerea  tible,  that  Beemed  to 
wu  it  only  B.  motber  s  paitialily  which  force  upon  hiB  recollectioD  the  steuder 
eztoited  the  wBrm  encomiomB  she  be-  means,  he  still  felt  himself  powerless. 
Btowed  upon  it ;  the  picture  was  in  as  ever  to  incrcBse. 
very  truth  adminbly  well  executed  ;  It  was  not  that  any  diEsatisfactioa 
life  itself  scarce  ever  looked  more  like  could  be  detected  in  hie  tnothrr'i  cann- 
life.  "  And  then,"  as  the  adoitTing  ob-  tenance  ;  nothing  but  the  most  gentle 
server  exclaimed,  "  'twas  Bucb  a  mis-  acqeiescence  in  the  wilt  of  Providence 
chievotis  looking  Hebe,  one  really  might  be  tTa.ced  there,  nothing  but  the 
longed  to  hear  her  talk  ;  she  looked  as  moat  Blfectionate  solicitude  for  his  com- 
ifMO  bluest  of  blue  devils  must  vanish  fort  was  proclaimed  in  tbe  voice  which 
before  herhogh  ;  hei  eyes  lold  of  the  urged  him  to  partake  more  liber&lly  ot 
rareat  joke,  while  hei  eweet  dimpled  the  frugal  tare  before  them.  This  in- 
mouth  promised  the  kindest  apology  for  deed  is  generally  woman's  part ;  when 
tbe  laiAery  which  one  might  fancy  the  difficulty  and  scarcity  press  opon  her, 
merry  spirit  within  could  not  restrain."  there  is  seldom  anything  else  for  bei 
Paul  was  gratified  at  his  mother's  to  do,  but  to  narrow  as  mnch  as  poBsi~ 
'praise;  he  knew  that  although  in  most  ble  the  circle  of  her  wants,  and  be  con- 
re  speci  a  blindly  devoted  to  him,  her  tent,  even  Ihoogh  it  be  not  ber  porUon, 
judgment  was  by  no  means  to  be  dee-  "tocastberbresd  without  scarceness." 
piBed,andbefAoug^Athecould  recollect  Sheielrained  np  with  this  conseions- 
that  on  some  occaaions  (rare  to  be  ness  of  pewerlessness  :  if  privation 
sure),  she  had  expressed  herself  not  come  upoii  her,  in  what  way  may  she 
perfectly  aatiaited  with  bis  perform'  retrieve  her  fortunes  1  Tbe  physical 
ances,  thus  giving  a  most  convincing  weakness  of  her  frame,  and,  yet  more, 

SDof  of  tbe  faatidiouBness  of  her  taste,  the  ehrinkieg  delicacy  of  her  epirit,  fos- 
isidea,  although  he  tried  to  mislTDst  tered  by  the  earliest  admonitions  she 
himself  as  much  as  possible,  something  remembers,  and  often  rendered  morbid 
whispered  him  that  the  bandy-woik  on  by  sorroauding  diffictilties,  so  hem  her 
whish  he  looked,  declared  the  inspira-  in  on  every  aide  ;  while  the  scanty  re- 
don  of  Genius,  and  that  it  was  no  com-'  ward  held  out  for  any  effort  she  may 
mon  skill  which  ha^  portrayed  the  make,  seems  so  slight  a  templalioo  for 
form  before  him.  Yet  even  while  ex-  which  to  leave  the  sheltered  nook  she 
niting  in  the  prond  conscionaoess  of  has  hitherto  deemed  her  proper  place 
capability,  past  diaappointmenla  lay  in  life,  that  it  must  in  truth  be  some 
heavy  at  his  heart;  he  sbrank  from  very  strong  impelling  motive  that  would 
Testing  anv  hope  upon  the  probable  ap-  force  her  forward  loto  aoy  arena  of  ex- 
probation  bis  work  might  demand,  and  ertion. 

It  was  only  in  consequence  of  tbe  ear-  With  man,  the  case  JB  widely  differ- 

nest  snd  reiterated    entreaties  of  his  ent :  he  seems  bom  with  the  privilega 

mother  that  the  young  artist  consented  of  choosing  bis  position  in  life,  lighting 

to  place  his  picture  in  a  position  of  die-  bis  own  wronga,  selecting  bis  own  gnu, 

play.     This  done,  he  strove  to  anmmon  and  carving  bis  own  way  to  it,  in  spite 

np  all  tbe  calmness  that  his  sensitive  of  danger  and  difficulty.   Exertion  is  his 

nature  was  capable  of,  and  to  persuade  glory,  industry  the  greatest  ornament 

himself  neither  to  look  forward  to  the  of  bis  character  ;  tail  need  not  degrade 

folnre  with  all  its  uncertainties,  nor  him,  bustling  intercourae  with  his  fel- 

baok  npon  the  past,  with  ita  keen,  bnt  low-man,  may  bring  him  honor  as  well 

BhoTt-lived  enjoyment.  as  emolument.  Therefore, for  jiim lobe 

Several  days  passed  after  the  ptctnre  forced  to  sit  down  inactive,  to  feel  that 

had  taken  its  station  in  Mr.  Higeon's  his  hands  sre  tied,  to  be  obliged  to  sob^ 

window.     Each  time  that  Paul  retain-  stitnte  frugality  for  exertion,  is  no  Utile 

ed  from  his  morning  walk  in  the  city,  trial ;  and  if  he  be  worthy  of  the  name 

Mrs.  Chnrchiira  eyes  asked  the  qnes-  given  to  the  noblest  work  of  God,  to 

tion  she  feared  to  mortify  him  b^  utter-  him  who  was  placed  as  master  in  paia- 

ing;bnt  each  time  any  hirther  inlerro-  dise,  he  will,  he  ought  to  be  restive 


gle 


1844.)  Tie  Random  LULmeu.  35S 

under  it.  It  is  the  decree  of  HeaTenlj  wis^Iom,  from  it*  most  wvere  deereea 
wiadocn  dul  Ac  ehoold  toil,  and  through  may  be  extrsicted  the  cboioeat  blea»' 
the  meiey  which  e*er  teoipen  that    iags. 


CR4PTtlt  IT. 


"  Hopt  long  delenod  maVeth  the  heart  the  rest  <  and  lo  judge  of  the  merits  of 

aick,"  said  ihe  wisest  among  men  ;  bat  an  individual  by  the  stand  he  assumes 

were   it  nol  so  deferred,  where  would  in  the  world,  the  character  he  gires  of 

be  the  keen  relish,  the  eager  appetite,  himself!  Will  not  the  real  diamond  ran 

which,"when  the  desire  cameth,   makes  a  risk  of  being  disregarded,  if  placed 

it  "a  tree  of  life  1"     Bnt  we  will  not  among  counterfeit  atones ! 
knticipate.    One  morning  Ihe  sun  shone        Paul's  slow  and  listless  steps,  and  the 

with  especial  brillianoy  in  the  city  of  meaauredpace  with  which  he  approach- 

;  it  was  the  beantifiil  month  of  ed  the  print-shop  haTS  given  us  time 

October,  the  month  which  is  bright,  for  this  digression  :  as  he  walked 
oheerfnl,  and  almost  always  sunny  in  leisureW  along,  he  determined  within 
every  latitude  of  the  temperate  xone, —  himself  lo  withdraw  the  slighted  pic- 
one  need  not  therefore  be  careful  to  ture  from  its  so  called  place  of  ex- 
Btate   in  what   paiticnlar   part  of  the  hibition,  and  place   it  in  the  retirement 

world  the  city  of was  situated,  which  would  st  least  be  a  eomparative- 

Panl  (probably  from  a  morbid  state  of   ly  honorable  one  of  his  mother's  little 

feeling,  preferring  the  retirement  of  his  parlor  i    its    excellences   would  there 

stndy  to  the  busy  haunts  of  men,  where  do  at  any  rate  appreciated  ;  in  that  i>0- 

he  felt  as  if  always  jcstlingagainst  those  sition,  there  would  be  no  danger  of  ile 

whose  prosperity  seemed  to  taunt  him  being  overlooked, 
with  his  own  failure)   bad  not  left  the        With  such  feelings  and  having  fonn- 

house  for  several  days;  bat  suddenly  ed  this  resolution,  he  spproached  the 

on  this   momine   he   threw  aside  his  shop ;  but  on  stopping  at  the  window 

pencil,  apparently  impelled  in  spite  of  lo  greet  with  one  itassiug  look  the  ob- 

himself,  to  seek  the  reviving  influences  ject  of  his  laeubrations,  he  started — it 

of  the  open  air.     Ue  turned  his  steps  was  not  there.     "  What,"  thought  be, 

u  if  mechanically  to  the  part  of  the  "  even  jostled  out  of  its  quiet,  tiuosten- 

city,  where  his  favorite  production  had  tatioub  corner !"    He  entered,  and  his 

been  for  some  time  past   exposed  to  aorpriseand  agitation  were  not  dimin- 

Tiew,  and  where,  had  bis  genius  been  isbed  by  the  sight  of    a  gentleman 

of  a  practical  sort,  he  would  have  known  aland  in  g  apposite  the  identical  picture 

it  was  not  situated  to  attract  the  kind  (which  the  shopman  was  supporting 

of  notice  it  deserved.     It  was  crowded  against  the  wall)  and  gazing  at  U  with 

in  among  a  miscellaneous  collection  of  the  most  rapt  attention  ;  one  moment 

engravings,  which  being  the  property  patting  on  his  spectacles,  the  next  tak- 

of  the  master  of  the  shop,  could  not  of  in^  them  off  ana  applying  his  handker- 

course  be  expected  to  turn  out  of  their  chiefto  his  eyes  to  wipe  the  tears  which, 

S laces  in  order  to  give  the  intruder  a  as  he  gazed,  seemed  to  gather  faster 
LIT  opportunity  of  displaying  its  supe-  and  faster. 
Tier  aitraetions  \  thus  it  passed  among  Paul  was  speechless  with  astootsh- 
tboee  who  might  chance  to  take  a  view  menl ;  who  could  it  be,  who  was  be- 
ef the  ooDtents  of  the  window  only  as  stowing  sach  unlooked  for,  such  flatter- 
one,  perhaps  the  prettiest  among  the  ing  attention  open  the  so  long  neglect- 
collection,  ed  picture  T  When  his  eye  first  en- 
A  great  deal  is  said  about  the  advan-  counlered  the  stranger,  it  had  struck 
tagea  of  contrast — the  enhancing  ef-  him  that  his  face  and  figure  were  not 
ftct  of  a  foil  to  beauty ;  but  does  not  nnknown  to  him  ;  bat,  on  looking 
neighboring  inferiority  as  often  act  *a  again,  he  changed  his  mind,  and  sup- 
a  shade !  Are  we  not  very  apt  to  eon-  posed  it  must  have  been  only  a  ali^t 
aider  one  of  a  company  as  a  sample  of  resembtanca  to  some  acquaintance ;  £u 


Goog  e 


U0                                        TU  RMdem  Liitntu.  [Oet. 

although  ihe  TeatDree  and  aepeot  of  the  Idd  conjured  up  br  mj  own 

gentleman  siill  appeared  somewhat  fa-  tinn."     ''  Indeed!     raid  the  gent]< 

miliar  to  him,  he  could  by  no  means  — "  blrange,  very  strange  ;  the  rescm- 
make  up  tiis  mind  why  they  were  so.  blnnce  is  complete,  almost  without  a 
Apart  from  the  attraciiTe  position  of  single  line  of  Tarialioo.  My  dear  sir, 
an  evidenlly  admiring  observer  of  the  you  must  allow  me  to  make  that  picture 
proctuctinn  uf  Au  genius,  Paul  found  my  own  ;  I  will  not  aek  tbe  price  ;  to 
someiliing  strikingly  intBresting  in  the  me  it  is  beyond  price  :  1  trust  no  ona 
appearance  of  this  individual  ;  the  pc-  has  esIablisFied  a  prior  right  to  it." 
culiarly  benerolenE  expression  of  his  "  Oh  no,  sit,"  replied  Fanl,  endea^ 
countenance  plainly  declared  the  phi-  voring  to  speak  ealmlj,  though  the 
lanthropist,  the  friend  and  well-wisher  flutter  of  his  spirits  could  not  b«  coo- 
of  all  his  fellow- creatures  ;  while  the  cealed  ;  "  although  most  unworthj  the 
traces  of  care  and  sorrow  imprinted  com  men  datum  you  bestow  upon  it,  I 
upon  liis  high  expanded  forehead,  hope  you  iJill  consider  it  at  once  youi 
showed  that  misfortune,  with  the  impai-  own."  Paul,  in  his  new  happiness,  at 
tiality  of  the  gracious  sun,  which  shines  being  flattered  and  admired,  would  hare 
upon  ihe  evil  and  the  good,  administers  engaged  to  spend  his  best  efforts  Tor 
her  wholesome  discipline  to  the  just  the  gratification  of  the  approving  sttan- 
as  well  as  the  unjust  :  that  virtue  offers  ger,  without  either  fee  or  reward. 
no  plea  sufficient  to  exempt  her  vota-  "  Thank  you,  sir,"  replied  the  gen> 
ties  from  the  trials  incident  to  hunjani-  tleman  ;^lhe  painful  expression  of  grief, 
ty,  and  that  the  good  and  kind,  the  base  lately  so  viisibla  on  his  countenance, 
and  selfish  are  by  tlie  arrangements  of  fading  into  a  smile  of  beoevolent  satis- 
Almighty  Wisdom  alike  subject  to  ibe  faction,  as  he  marked  the  Hash  of  plea- 
same  iron  rule.  sure  his  notice  had  raised  on  the  jouag 

It  was  evident  that  some  particular  man's  expressive  countenance,  the  nM>- 

torrow  sat  heavy  at  the  heart  of  the  dest  triumph  which  beamed  in  his  dark 

stranger,  and  (which  seemed  startlingly  eve — "  and  will  vou  let  me  ask  another 

tnyslerious  to  Paal)   the  sight  of  the  favor  of  you  V 

picture  appeared  to  open  some  deep  "  I  can  only  receive  at  yonr  hands, 
wound  ;  for,  as  he  looked,  be  wept,  and  sir,"  replied  Paul,  defeieolially  ;  "  I 
though  he  wept,  he  looked  again.  At  cannot  imagine  it  in  my  power  to  con- 
last  he  turned  to  the  shopman — "  Do  far  any  favor  upon  you. 

Ku  know  the  artist,  whose  skill  this  This  modest   speech  completed  th« 

autiful  picture"  (and  here  he  sighed  young   artist's   conquest   over  the  old 

deeply)  "  so  plainly  deolares  to  be  of  no  gentleman's  heart :  he  had  been  faaci- 

oommon  order  1"  "  That  is  the  gentle-  nated  by  the  picture,   the  mystery  of 

man,  sir,"  replied  the  man,  "standing  whose  charm  will  be   hereafter   diTat- 

beside  yon-^Mr.  Churchill."    Coloring  ged  ;  he  had  been  next  tery  much  struck 

with  pleasure  and  embarrassment,  Paul  by  the  quiet,   gentlemanly   air  of  the 

took  off  his  bat  as  the  gentleman  ad-  young  man,  npou  first  accosting  him, 

vanced   towards  him,  and  grasping  his  and  had  aloncefeltanzioustosbowhis 

Aand,  said — "Allow  me,  sir,  although  approbation  in  some  more  impressive 

I  have  not   the  pleasure  of  your  ao-  manner   than  by  simply  remunerating 

quainlance,  to  thank  you  for  the  grati-  him  for  what  was  so  exceedingly  deai- 

fying  surprise  I  have  this  morning  en-  rable  to  himself.     Being   one  of  those 

joyed    through   your   instrumentality;  whose  greatest  enjoyment  it  is   to  fol- 

nay  1  take  the  liberty  of  asking  wheib-  low   the  generous  impulses  of  a  kiml 

er  this  picture  be  the  likeness  of  an  in-  heart,  it  was  always  to  him  adeligblfnl 

dividual,  or  if  it  be  merely  the  creation  ciroumstance  to  engage  such  as  niigbt 

of  your  own  fancy  1"  benpSt  by  his  good  offices ;  he  did  not 

Paul   hesitated    a  moment,   but   as  often  atop  to  inquire  whether  they  were 

(though   he    well    recolleitted    having  deserving   or   not,   although   when  h« 

been  especially  inspired  by  the  beauty  chanced  to  find  them  so,  hx  always  con* 

of  an  indiridual)  he  yet  knew  himself  sidered   himaelf  especially   rewarded, 

guiltless  of  any  intention  to  attempt  a  In  this  case,  tbe  whole  air  and  appear- 

oopy,  having  on  the  contrary,  as  we  anceof  bis  new  protege,  in  perspective, 

have  seen,  carefully  avoided  similarity  were  so  very  prepoaflesaing,   his  toSm 

U  mooh  OB  possible,  he  replied — "  No,  ao  pleasing,  his  politeness,  which  a^ 

■ir,  it  is  no  likeness,  except  of  the  via-  peared  to  force  its  way  tbrouglt-bw            i 

Ajoogle 


1S44.]                                         The  Random  Liimtu.  35T 

TCBerre,  wo  gnlirying,  thftt  they  seem-  fire-side  is  not  now  the  abode  of  mirth 

ed  to  Bt&nd  forvard  as  gaaraolec  for  and  merriment ;  but  you  will  find  warm 

hia  worth ;  and  the  old  gentleman  felt  hearts  among  us,  sad  this"  (pointing  to 

no  misgivings  as  to  ttm  wisdom  of  giv-  the  picture)  "  will,  of  itself,  insure  jou 

ing  the  reins  to  his  benevolent  fancy,  a  welcome." 

when  he  went  on  to  say,  that  the  favor  With   almost   as   much   surprise  as 

he  wished  to  beg  of  Mr.  CharchJU  was  pleasure,  Paul  receive<l  from  the  hand 

to  be  allowed  the  pleasure  of  his  ac-  of  the  speaker,  a  card,  on  which  were 

quaintance ;   and  in  order  to  this,  re-  written  his  name  and  place  of  residence) 

quested  him  to  join  his  family  circle  at  and   without  waiting    one   moment  to 

dintiet  the  next  day.   "  I  cannot  promisn  consider  whether  he  had  any  engage- 


treading   upon    air ;    whether   he  should  be  seen  by  one  who  possessed  a 

realized  that  they  were  but  the  same  real    knowledge    and    taste    fur   such 

paved  slreeiB  which  ha  had  traversed  things. 

with  a  slow  step  and  heavy  heart,  only  Nu'  much  was  accomplished  by  Paol 
a  short  portion  of  an  honi  before,  we  during  the  rest  of  the  day  ;  he  tried  to 
will  not  underliiie  to  determine :  of  one  sober  himself  somewhat  by  turning  hJa 
thing  he  felt  certain,  if  all  without  and  attention  to  his  usual  employments  ;  but 
about  him  were  indeed  the  sam?,  there  by  no  means  could  he  settle  himself  to 
had  been  a  considerahlechange  wrought  anything:  there  seemed  to  he  just  then 
in  the  inner  man.  He  was  perhaps  still  a  pause  in  his  life,  and  he  felt  that  all 
quite  as  unmindful  of  the  brighi  sun-  now  in  hia  power  was  to  wait  with  as 
shine,  the  fresh  bracing  air,  the  animat-  muuh  patience  as  he  could  gather,  to  see 
ed  bustle,  which  surrounded  him,  as  he  whether  Fortune  really  meant  anything 
had  been  on  (irat  leaving  home  ;  but  by  her  late  kind  looks  and  words. 
from  how  different  a  cause  did  hia  pre-  Sometimes  a  bright  idea  would  strike 
sent  abstraction  proceed  !  Then,  there  him,  but  before  he  conld  seize  upon  it, 
lay  a  dark  cloud  over  his  mental  vision  so  as  to  embody  it,  it  was  gone,  and 
which  seemed  to  imparl  to  every  object  some  fantastic  intangible  notion  had 
its  own  sombre  hue ;  now,  all  his  taken  its  place.  What  most  puzzled 
thoughts  were  so  radiant  with  gratified  him,  was  the  strange  idea  that  haunted 
pride,  so  filled  with  wonder,  such  a  bim  of  some  previons  knowledge  of  the 
bright  ray  of  hope  had  illuminated  his  gentleman ;  this  must,  of  course,  pro- 
depressed  spirits,  that  all  around  him  ceed,  he  had  already  told  himself,  from 
was  completely  cast  into  the  shade,  and  some  chance  resemblance  to  an  ao- 
he  walked  as  one  in  a  dream.  quaintance  ;  yet,  as  be  called  to  reeol- 
Panl  bad  not  the  heart  to  withhold  lection  those  of  the  same  sf  e  whom  be 
from  his  mother  the  gratification  of  narabered  in  his  abort  list  of  aaaociates,  ' 
learning  some  of  the  flTents  of  the  he  found  bis  new  friend  wholly  unlike 
morning,  althongh  as  well  from  modes-  any  ofihem.  Oh,  no  ;  there  certainly 
ty  as  a  prudent  apprehensiou,  lest  her  was  a  charm  about  this  person  that  be- 
sanguine  feelings  might  build  too  much  longed  to  no  one  else.  Paul  felt  quite 
upon  them,  he  gare  a*  sober  a  coloring  saro  it  was  not  only  the  flaUering  ap- 
to  his  recital  as  was  possible  in  his  ez-  probation  he  had  evideDced  for  the  pio- 
cited  stale  of  mind  :  while  she,  with  a  lure  and  his  subsequent  civility  that 
tact  rendered  keen  by  het  watchful  af-  had  constituted  the  attraction ;  no,  there 
lection,  forbore  to  make  the  many  ani-  had  been  something  magnetio  in  the 
mated  comments  which  sprang  to  her  first  glance,  a  mysterious  link  certainly 
lips ;  and  perceivmg  that  be  wished  to  bound  them  ;  it  must  be  that  the  cour- 
control  as  well  as  disguise  hia  own  de-  teous  stranger  was  about  to  prore  the  ^  ->  i 
Hght,  confined  her  triampb  to  qtiietly  minister  of  some  peculiar  good  to  him.       ^^jOOQIC 


Sn  The  Randam  Liktneu.  [Oot. 

Time  paBsed  on  &>  iiHual,  aod  pioba-  waTshipping   gaze.      Ealher   hkd    not 

Uy  to  alt  in  the  neighborhood  it  appeir'  been  blind   to  the   eTident  admiratias 

ed  the  same  old  manitoT  it  had  eier  shown  for  hrr,  it  seemed,  in  spile   of 

been ;  bnt  in  our  hero's  estimation,  the  himself,  b;  an  ladividual  of  very  strik- 

different  hours  had  acquired  a  new  in-  ing.  appearance,  wbom   she   had    met 

leTesI,  and  as  eight  succeeded  to  aeTen,  each  lime  she   visited   the   exhibition 

and  nine  to  eight,  they  seemed  to  re-  room  ;  and  although  the  circomstanco 

aaiure  iiim  of  Die  fact  that  life  waa  do  had  quite  passed,  from  her  mind,  tho 

tonser  at  a  stand  with  him.  eight  of  Paul  soon  brought  it  back. 

The  next  day,  at  the  appointed  boor,         Mr.  Bingharo,  however,  entirely  nn- 

Paul  made  his  appearance  before  the  conscious  of  the  tn^fsterion*  acqaaiot- 

house  designated  on  the  sttanger'scaid;  anceship  already  existing  between  hia 

the  bell  sounded  at  his  touch,  and  the  daughter  and  his  young  friend,  and  be- 

door   waa   opened   by  a  servant,  wbo  ing  neither  sorprised  noi  embarrassed, 

ushered  him  np  stairs  into  a  large  and  immediately  introduced  some  topio  of 

handsomely   furnished    drawing-room,  conversation  which    he   thought   Paul 

His  new  friend,  who  waa  silting  on  one  likely  to  be  acquainted  with,  and  in  tlw 

aide  of  the  fire-place,  rose  inatanily  to  kindest  manner  endeavored  to  mako 

greet  bim,  shook  hia  hand  cordially,  him  feel  himself  at  home.     Jost  as 

and  leading  him  to  a  lady  on  the  oppo-  Paa!  was  beginning  to  control  hknaelf 

site  Bide,apparently  somewhat  advanced  a  little,  Mrs,  Bingham  lefl  the  room; 

ID  life,  and  whose  mild  but  saddened  and  Mr.   Bingham,  who  probably   had 

oonntenance  soited  well  with  the  som-  been  waiting  for  this  opporioDitj,  now 

br«  trappings  of  wo  in  which  she  wa*  making  some  excuse  to  send  his  daogh- 

arra;ed,  he  announced  him  as  the  gen-  ter  out  also,  immediately  began  to  ex- 

tleman,  the  pleasure  of  whose  company  plain  to  him,  why  the  picture,  "  a,  moet 

at  dinner  he  had  promised  her.     He  desirable  possession  to  any  one,  on  ae- 

(hen  torned  towards  a.  window,  where,  count  of  Che  genius  it  displayed,  was  to 

almost  entirely  concealed  by  the  folds  him  so  great  a  treasure.     It  chanced," 

of  a  curtain,  sat  another  liLdy,  whose  he  said,  "tobe  a  most  Birikinglikeoen 

position  only  permitted  a  small  portion  of  a  beloved  child,  Eatber's  only  sister, 

of  her  dress  to  be  visible.     "  Esther,  who,  although  resembling  ber  cloaelj 

my  love,"  said  be,  "  come  and  join  your  in  feature  and  outline,  differed  entirely 

mother  and  myself   in  thanking   Mr.  in  coloring  and  expression.     She  waa 

Churchill  far  the  invaluable  possession  taken  from  ns,"  he  conlinned,  with  » 

which   we  owe   to   him."      At  these  deep  sigh,  "and  lime  having  somewhat 

words,  the  young  lady  came  forward,  softened  the  grief  which  was  at  first  so 

Paul,  with  the   utmost  difficulty,  com-  stunning  in  its  effects,  it  haa  been  sub- 

manded  himself  so  far  as  la  suppress  ject  of  great  regret  in  our  diminisbed 

an  exclamation  of  surprise  and  delight  circle,  that  no  copy  remained  of  the 

It  was  his  beautiful  Incognita  !  lovely  and  beloved  creature  besides  that 

Notwithstanding  his  best  efforts,  imprinted  on  our  sorrowing  hearts, 
however,  his  perturbation  could  not  he  Eslber,  who  is  an  enthusiastic  admirer 
entirely  concealed  from  the  fiiir  cause,  of  your  charming  art,  and  no  cDntetnpti- 
while  bis  heightened  color  was,  in  a  hie  proticient  herself,  has  made  sereral 
manner,  reflected  in  the  blush  which  attempts,  but  her  trembling  band  was 
ornamented  ktr  smooth  and  polished  not  equal  to  the  task  ;  and  however 
check  ;  nor  was  it  only  his  evident  agi-  faithfully  memory  called  up  the  wished 
tation  which  induced  a  responsive  tre-  for  reaemblance,  she  never  could  satisfy 
mor  in  the  nsoally  calm  and  placid  de-  herself  in  the  execution.  It  was,  loo, 
meanor  of  the  lovely  Esther ;  his  ap-  '  evidently  a  very  painful  effort ;  and 
pearance  waa  not  entirely  strange  to  even  while  I  most  ardently  desired  this 
Mr — for,  sooth  to  say,  woman  does  not  mute  representation  of  the  one  nhoae 
otlen  fail  to  take  note  of  ths  impression  cheerful  voice  once  made  such  muaic 
made  by  her  charms,  nor  daca  the  to  my  poor  doling  heart,  I  yet  felt  it 
silent  homage  of  a  look  always  require  proper  to  dissuade  my  remaining  trea- 
the  aid  of  language  to  render  it  intel-  sore  from  this  injurious  tax  upon  her 
ligible.  No;  there  are  not  many  "snch  delicate  and  depressed  feelings.  You 
dull  maids,  to  whom  it  most  m  terms  jiicture  struck  me  accidentally  in  pass- 
be  said,"  that  an  eye  beaming  with  ing  the  shop  where  it  waa  placed,  and, 
genius  haa  fixed  upon  her  beauty  its  on  taking  it  homo  with  me,  my  wife 


gle 


18M.]  Tht  Random  UkentiM.  3M 

knd  daughter  both  bestowed  on  it  the  tiog,  tomewhftt  incofaeient  krowal  that 

•ame   anquilified   approbation ;    alter-  ber  own  gentle  and  lofiog  heart,  being 

nately  weepiag  and  rejoicing  otei  it ; —  no  longer  in  her  poBseuion,  Hhe  wonld 

but,"   cantinued    Mr.  Biaghajn,    "  the  have  no  Terj  decided  objection  to  ae> 

more  I  think  of  it,  the  more  am  I  sur-  cept  of  his,  which  ehe  farther  hinted, 

prised,  that  without  ever  having  seen  she  might  at  some  future  time  come  to 

my  dear  lost  one,  your  pencil,  my  dear  consider  quite  a  euSicient  substitnte. 

sir,  should   have  portrayed  ber  looks  Our  hero  had  made  his  wa^  into  Eb- 

with  such  admirable  precistoo."  ther's  good  graceB,by  the  straighleet  and 

Fortunately  for  oui  erobarrasaed  he-  smootbeet  of  roads,  her  family  affeo- 

TD,   before   he   could   be   expected   to  tion;  the  memory  of  her  beloved  sister 

miJce  any  answer,  the  ladies  returned  seemed  entwined  with  their  first  ir 

to  the  drawing-room,  the  conversation  duotion  to  each  other — every  courti 

'was    of    course    ohauged,   and    after  word  she  spoke  to  him,  a  tribute  of  that 

awhile  diorrar  was  announced.  beloved  one.    And  although  the  dd- 

Whether  Paul,  being  somewhat  of  a  spoken  admiration  which,  as  we  have 

Knins,  and  therefore  subject,  as  might  said,  was  not  entirely  anobaerred  by  her 

sappoied,  to  its  whims  and  vagaries,  some  time  before,  mi^ht  have  had  some 

vas  so  onlncky  as  to  possess  tiiat  par-  share  in  the  smile  with  which  she  first 

ticnlar  "antipatb;^  to  seeing  a  woman  received  his  embarrassed  salutation — 

tat"  which  is  said  to  have  disturbed  the  tear   which   stole  down  her  lovely 

Lord  Byron's  domestic  peace,  cannot  cheek  as  they  together  examined  and 

be  eioctty  ascertained ;  but  it  may  be  dwell  upon  the  several  beauties  of  the 

imagined,  that  either  be  was  happily  precious  pictnre,  had  its  source  in  a  fiir 

insensible  on  this  point,  or  else  thst  the  deeper  as  well   as   holier  feeling  ;   % 

charming  Esther  displayed  some  pe-  feetingwhioh,  while  it  made  her  tenfold 

euliar  grace  in  going  through  this  cer-  more  attractive  in  the  eyes  of  her  en- 

emony  so  necessary  to  frail  mortality,  tranced  admirer,  at  the  same  time  de- 

inasmach  as  although  he  sate  apposite  dared  bar  soFleoed  heart  ready  for  a 

ber  at  the  table,  and  even  assisted  in  deep  impression.     And  when  she  lis- 

fiirniahing  her  plate  with  the  terrestrial  tened  to  Paul's  history  of  the  train  of 

eompound  whereby  her  seemingly  an-  feeling  that  had  conjured  up  the  lovely 

gelic  form  was  to  be  sustained  during  image  before  them  ;  when  he  breathed 

the  day,  the  oloeeat  observer  coeld  not,  into  her  ear  a  detail  of  the  struggle  ha 

we  believe,  have  detected  anv  dimino-  had  so  long  maintained  with  himself, 

tion   in  the  admiration  whien  showed  and  told  her  how  the  ardent  admiration 

itself  at  every  turn  in  his  tell-tale  eye ;  inspired  by  herself  had  guided  his  pen- 

nor  could  it  be  said  that  any  admissible  ci1,howthe  deep  respect  which  mingled 

opportunity  was  lost  by  him  of  drink-  with  that  admiration  had  led  hira  so  to 

ing   in  the   sweet  looks    and    almost  fashion  his  work  as  to  give  it  the  form 

sweeter  words,  with  which  his   love-  most  attractive  to  her  heart,  she  gave 

ly  vis-h-vis  fanned  the  flame  that  had  herself  up  to  the  sweet  thought  that 

so  long  smouldered  in  hia  breast.     We  destiny  itself  bad  possessed  him  of  the 

will  not,  however,  undertake   to  deny  master-key  to  her  affections,  and  that 

that  this  and  soch  like  opportunities  of  the  companion  of  her  childhood  smiled 

association,  may  in  course  of  time  have  on  the  new  bond. 

been  in  a  manner  the  means  of  putting  The  fortunate  picture  met  with  many 
our  entbosiastic  adorer  so  much  at  his  admirers  :  Paul's  time  no  longer  seem- 
ease  with  the  object  of  his  idolatry,  as  ed  the  useless,  nnpnilitable  possession 
to  enable  him  to  give  utterance  to  the  he  had  once  thought  it :  and  while  he 
feelings  he  had  once  thought  jt  abso-  eagerly  seized  every  opportunity  of 
lute  madness  to  entertain.  And  what  listening  to  the  silver  tones  of  his  mis- 
may  be  considered  still  more  surprising,  tress'  voice,  and  drinking  inipiralion 
we  have  it  from  good  authority,  that  from  her  kindling  eye,  all  his  other 
she,  instead  of  resenting  this  extraordi-  houra  were  not  merely  spent  in  idle 
nary  liberty,  so  far  put  aside  her  digni-  exultation  over  bis  happiness,  but  were 
tyastoadmitihe  possibility  of  her  being  rnkdelo  give  a  strict  account  of  them- 
latber  gratified  by  bis  presumption;  nay,  selves. 
itiswhispered,andH8BnbsequentevenIs        Hrs.  Chnrehill  no  lon^r  felt  it  in- 

iitoved,  correctly,  that  she  one  day  suf-  cumbent  on  her  to  keep  silence,  nor  did 

BredhenelftobesurprisedintoBhestta-  Paul  now  shake  his  bead  when  she  pre- 


Google 


M»                                                 Lnentt.  [Oct. 

.dieUd  good  Ibrtniie  lo  him :  sod  tl-  isg  be  bad  lieeooia  of  late  particularly 

tboo|h  the  gratified  mother  could  not  plac&ble)  she  made  np  for  these  johee 

lefiuD  from  teasing  her  hu  a  little  b;  by  deolaring,  as  ebe  aSectionatelj  kiss- 

temindiag  him  that  he  bad  once  proteat-  ed  her  new  daughter,  that  sbe  "  had  no 

•d  agaioet  malciog  any  farther  adTancea  idea  how  eelfish  a  part  she  was  acting-, 

to  the  fiiir  sex,  than  the  endeavoring  to  when  abe  had  arged  her  ion  to  marry.'* 
lepreseot  them  on  canTas*,  jet  (see- 


LEVERETT. 

I  (  dwcilpUOD  of  the  le^dcnec  orthe  vriier  la  tha  llnia  tIUiib  of  Lcntetl,  Mai 


LisTiH,  for  an  idle  hour, 
To  the  Lad  J  of  the  Bower ; 
Telling,  in  poetic  rein, 
All  about  her  own  domain. 

Figure  to  yourself  a  seene 
Wbere  a  vallej,  rich  and  green, 
Separates  the  neighbor  bases 
Of  two  sister  mountain  faces, 
That  ascend  by  easy  slopes 
To  their  gently  rounded  tops. 

Shelter'd  by  the  lofty  cOTer, 
While  the  tempest  blowing  OTer, 
Spends  abo*e  its  wrath  and  power, 
Mark  the  Lady's  qniet  bower. 

Ten  or  twenty  paces  from  It, 
Flowing  from  the  mountain  summit. 
Full  of  water  to  the  brim, 
Mark  the  pretty  little  stream  \ 
G  rasB-  e  robosom'd — ciy  sial-  wav'd , 
O'ei  its  bottom,  pebble-pav'd, 
Rushing  onward  rapidly. 
And,  with  sleepy  lullaby, 
Muimuriag  at  midnishi  hone 
To  the  I^y  of  the  Bower; 
As  she  stands  toward  the  basement, 
Leaning  from  her  open  casement, 
Shaking  loose  each  flowing  trees. 
And  the  folds  of  her  night-dress 
Unrestrsined  by  belt  or  buckle, 
To  inhale  the  odorous  breath. 
As  it  rises  from  beneath. 
Of  the  fragrant  HoneyeucUe, 
Jessamine  of  snow^  cap. 
And  the  spicy  Heliotrope; 
While  upon  the  neighboring  hill, 
Moans  the  plaintive  Whip-poor-will, 
Answering,  with  hollow  err. 
To  the  brook  that  gurgles  by. 

O'er  the  meadow's  Terdaot  sidM, 
Which  the  little  brook  diTides, 
Like  a  siWer  riband  seen. 
On  a  robe  of  richest  green. 
In  the  blaze  of  HyperioD, 
Flaunts  the  golden  Dandelion ; 


lizcdbyGoOl^Ic 


Ltverett. 

And  bcBida  him  the  CTonfoot 

Putteth  on  her  purple  suit; 

While,  prorusel;  scatlcr'd  OTer 

The  whole  meadow,  the  White  Clover, 

To  the  Lady  of  the  Bower, 

Orihem  all  the  dearest  Qower, 

Makes  it  ]ook,  for  bII  the  world, 

As  if  there,  at  random  hurL'd, 

In  a  fit  of  wild  vagar;. 

By  some  merry-making  Fairy, 

Showers  offrreat  white  peatis  had  been 

Rain'd  upon  a  carpel  green. 

Higher  on  the  slope  are  set 
BanVe  of  blnnming  vielet. 
Banks  of  nature's  own  inTention, 
Banks  that  never  knew  eoapensioD, 
Drinking  in  with  open  mouth. 
The  soft  airs  of  the  aweet  Sooth  ; 
And  upon  the  rich  deposits, 
Stai'd  within  their  little  closets. 
Discounting  to  every  guest, 
Without  asking  interest, 
Or  endorsement  of  his  faith. 
Breezes  full  of  balmy  breath. 

In  the  Tslley,  planted  near, 
Fruitful  orchards  next  appear. 
With  their  branches  freah  and  bright, 
Late  with  apple  blossoms  white. 

Here,  along  the  level  plains, 
Wind  the  quiet,  shady  lanes  ; 
While  upon  the  mountain  heads 
Far  and  wide  (he  forest  Bpresde, 
With  its  timber  straight  or  bending, 
And  its  colors  gaily  blending, 
Stretching,  in  its  broad  expanse. 
Very  nearly  to  the  manse. 
Sheltei'd  in  its  deep  retreats. 
Here  the  stranger  gladly  meets. 
Now  and  then,  a  quiet  nnok, 
Haring  a  kind  of  home  look. 
Tapestried  with  many  a  tluwer. 
Where  the  Lady  of  the  Bower 
Lovea  in  eool  repose  to  lie, 
When  the  Sun  is  riding  high  ; 
Or  within  Uie  dark  enclosure 
Iiookelh  on  in  still  coinpoaare. 
While  the  Empress  of  the  night 
Sendeth  raya  of  silver  li^ht 
TbroDgh  the  narrow  lattices 
Of  the  intertwining  trees, 
As  if  seeking  to  diseoTer 
Traees  of  her  sleeping  lover. 

If  at  some  auspicious  tide. 
After  roaming  far  and  wide, 
Happily  Uie  distant  Friend 
Hitberward  his  course  ahonld  bend. 
Here  in  quiet  llU-d-tile 
We  would  canvass  Church  and  Slate, 
Themes  that  have  perplez'd  oor  betiera,— 
Themes  discussed  in  many  letters : 


=iGoog)e 


SHt  Thaught  of  Hm  loo  Dttfty. 

Whether  Paradim  bo  foond 

At  the  ceetre,  DndeT-|;round, 

Orer-hckd,  above  the  skiee, 

Or  alone  in  iovers'  eye»  : — 

Whether  AngeU  have  six  wingi, 

SIfy-tinctur'd,  ■■  Millon  aings, — 

Or,  aa  Indian  poets  nrite, 

Tr«TeI  DMiu  raya  of  light : — 

Whether  Love,  in  Plato's  faahion. 

Be,  in  fact,  a  real  passion  ; 

Or,  like  Hamlet's  bonied  words, 

A  tnero  spriDge  to  caleh  joang  birds: — 

On  sweet  Poesr,  perforce, 

We  should  bold  t,  large  diaeontse, 

And,  p«ibapa,  might  put  on  trial 

Trap  see  ode  ntals  and  the  Di^ : 

Upon  this  and  soch  high  natter, 

Long  and  gail;  wonld  we  cbaitu. 

Till  the  tiTe-long  snmiaer  day 

Wore  inaensibly  away ; 

Till  the  Friend  might  half  forget 

Whether  he  bad  voted  jet ; 

And  the  Lady  scarce  remember 

What  was  worn  the  last  December. 


SHE  THOUGHT  OP  HIM  TOO  DEEPLT. 

A  BALLAD. 

BT  uu.  c.  I.  OA  poirra. 
SsB  thooeht  of  him  too  deeply,  she  thonght  of  him  too  well,  1 

And  coeld  not  break  the  thraldom  which  chained  her  with  a  apell.  . 

Ob,  love  has  Toiceless  dieamings  the  soul  may  nerer  speak,  ' 

Whiob  make  the  proad  lips  tremble,  and  pale  the  changing  ohMlu 
'Twas  then  her  words  were  measured,  in  cold  and  distant  tone, 
When  all  within  was  whispering,  "  she  lived  for  him  alone." 
Alas,  why  did  be  linger  1    His  liand  it  was  not  free, 
It  was  pledged  unto  aootbcr,  in  a  land  beyond  the  aea. 
Bat  thrilling  were  the  wishes  he  mnrmured  in  bei  ear 
In  the  shadow  of  the  twilight,  when  he  alone  was  near. 
Sweet  words!  sweet  hopes  1  sweet  tokens  1  and  mnst  ye  be,  at  laat) 
But  thinga  for  futoie  bittsmess,  &nd  tears  for  joy  then  past  1 
Then  she  bid  him  seek  that  other,  and  not  to  heed  her  &te, 
Xiike  a  dream,  the  past  would  vanish  in  the  mansions  of  the  great. 
What — what,  to  him  the  anguish  which  made  thoae  food  eyes  dim. 
There  were  others  there  far  brighter  to  turn  with  love  on  him. 
And  Would  he  then  forget  her,  must  other  scenes  eflace 
From  bis  heart,  and  from  his  memory,  her  home — and  er'ry  trace 
Of  what  they  felt  together,  when  (he  moonlight  o'er  them  sbone, 
While  tremblingly,  yet  trustingly,  her  hand  lay  in  hie  own  1 
The  hour  had  come  to  sever,  he  did  hot  dara  to  dwell 
On  tbe  grief  of  that  pale  face  in  the  moment  of  farewell. 
One  low  faint  sob  was  bursting  from  tbe  lips  he  bent  to  press — 
Ah !  better  death  had  sealed  them,  ere  Uiey  met  that  last  oaress ! 
And  ber  life  was  one  stem  aorrow — yat  her  steps  with  otbera  went, 
Bnt  tittle  did  she  heed  them,  when  lovers  round  ber  bent  ; 

One  deep,  one  oonalant  feeling,  pnrsned  her  to  the  last,  ^  ~.  i 

And  dinuned  earth's  swesteat  blessing — the  dream  of  what  was  past.     ^^jOOQIC 


A  JFuUmI,  a  TMnuuntnt,  wtd  aJvUU*. 


A  FESTIVAL,  A  TOURNAMENT.  AND  A  JUBILEE. 

Thi  recent  fealiTii  to  the  memory  of  poelty  dravn  from  the  mi.     It  certain- 

Butn«,  the  ^eit  poet  of  the  people  in  [y  is  not  familiar  to  us  in  hia  eonga 

die  higheat  and  best  aeoae  of  aniTorsal  which  apcing  from  within.     Now,  an 

bamanity,    celebrated    upon    the   apot  inferior  writer  would  hare  BTailed  him- 

whieh  gave  him  birth,  from  the  apirit  aelf  of  the  remarkable  objecia  around 

in  which  it  was  undertaheo,  from  the  hiro,  and  eommeeeed  bj  somehow  ap- 

character  of  the  people  who  were  par-  propriating  Ailis  Craig,  or  any  other 

ticipanta  in  it,  and  from  the  ajrmpathj  diatinguiahed  monument.     But  Buroa, 

of  ail  who  read  the  English  tongue,  de-  true  to  hia  geniua,  wrote  from  the  heart 

•erves  lo  find  an  echo  far  beyond  the  outward.      His   aonDa  are  nerer  defi- 

sreat  numbers  even  who   sent  up  no  cieut  in  illustiatioD,  out  the  heart  ae- 

feeble  repreaentaiion  of  the  voice  of  lecls  for  him;  and,  passing  by  mere 

poatertty  in  the  acclamalions  from  hia  maleriat  grandeur,   chooaea    "Bonnie 

native  Ayrshire  and  by  the  side  of  his  Doon,"  a  humble  brook,  or  iha  banka 

humble   cot.     Honor  then  to   Burns!  and   braaa,   sacred   to   hia   Hiohi.u(d 

Let  the  full-orbed  sound  expand  upon  Mabt,  becaase  he  lores  them.     Bat 

tbe  liaieningf  ear,  as  ii  is  caoght  bj  a  thegenina  of  Bums  is  a  never-eading 

nation  of  msemen  and  rings  faraway  theme. 

Iteyond  the  Alleghaniea.     Honor   to  There  ware  peculiar  eiroumatmitcea. 

Bums!     It  ia  seemly  that  the  Demo-  too,   in   this  oelebralinn,    which  mnat 

eratic  ReTiew  should  seize  this  or  any  have  brought  the  occaaion  home  with 

other  occasion  to  utter  a  few  heartfelt  pecullarforcetothepeopleof  Scotland, 

words  in  praise  ufthe  clear-spoken,  elo-  It  was  someihiag  more  than  theheart- 

qaent  peaasnt,  who  has  lefl  upon  record  felt  utterance  of  tha  Toice  of  poaleritj 

in  words  not  to  be  gaiosayed,  in  demon-  to  the  great  poet     It  was  a  solemn  act 

stration   mare  striking  than   ever  fell  of  justice,    a  recognition  of  the  debt 

from  the  pen  of  the  philosopher  or  the  doe  I  ha  man,  rendered  to  the  persons 

life  of  slateaman,  the  great  truth,  that  of  his  children,  before  bisperBanalm&< 

tiiere  ia  a  heart  in  the  people,  the  rude,  mory  and  the  Jong  train  of  aaaociation* 

toil-worn  people,  to  love  and  be  loved,  held  by  his  own  generation  sjid  their 

In  Robert  Bums  spoke  out  the  voice  of  sons  had  passed  away  into  tradition, 

man.     There  was  no  accidental  glitter  It  waa  the  tribute,  as  hiaulifully  slated 

i)(  station,  no  trickery  of  lileiary  arii-  by  the  ehsjrman,  the  Earl  of  Lglinton, 

'-- *  to  divert  him  from  the  simple  voice  of  admiring  and  rMentant  Scotland,  the 

'*      -        of  old  and 


of  gei 
feel,  t 


I  speaking  from  the  soul.    We  Jaat  meeting  of  olo  and  tearful  Hi 
M  we  read  or  listen,  that  his  words  of  the  sons  of  Burns's  contemporaries, 
are  the  wordaof  an  oiaole,  and  despise  who  came  to  ask  absolulion  from  thoaa 
all  the  meaanrement  of  soholars  and  of  hia  blood,  the  poet's  sons,  for  the 
eiitics.  neglect  of  hia  owo  generation.     There 
sat  the  three  sona  of  the  poet,  now 
"Gieneaeaparko'Nature'ifire,  themselves  in  yeara  and  retiring  from 
Thai's  a' the  learning  I  desire  t  the   business  of  life,   while  thousands 
Then  tho*  I  drudge  thro' dub  an' mire,  came   betbre   them  in  succession  and 
At  plengh  or  cart,  doffed  tha  hat  and  bent  the  bead  in  re- 
My  Most,  tho"  hamelr  in  aitire,  cognition,  not  so  much  of  Ihe  author  aa 
May  touch  the  heart."  of  the  person,  the  blood  and  refleoiad 
image  of  the  man,  Robert  Barns. 
There  is  an  incidental  proof  of  Burns'a      It  waa  a  celebration,  too,  not  of  the  no- 
humanity— of  the  strong  feeliog  of  pM-  bility  or  the  literary  men  of  the  country, 
sonality,  of  the  simple  passion  under  but  of  the  people  of  Scotland  who  aa- 
which    he  wrote.     His  birth-plaoe  of  sembled,  it  ia  said,  to  the  number   of 
Ayr  looked  off  upon  the  aea,  which,  on  fifty  thoosand.      Lord    Eglinton   and 
liwt  exposed  shore,  mast  often  present  Profeaaor  Wilson  indeed  presided,  but 
maoh  of  its  peculiar  grandeur.     Yet  they  were  aocompanied  by  few  of  their 
IhereiasoarcelyanimageinallBaros's  owa  class.    The  leading  authors  invit-/^ 


A  Futieat,  a  Toumomenf,  and  aJubihe. 


[Oct. 


ed  were  loo  old  or  loo  Tu  &wa;  to  be 
present,  and  the  nobiliij  were  drawn 
off  to  a  neighboring  cattle  show.  We 
doDOt  recret  Iheirftbsence.  The  nobilitj 
might  indeed  have  conferred  honor  op- 
on  tbemBelveBi  tliey  could  add  ninhing 
to  the  memorj  of  Barns.  The  aulhora 
alight  have  bestowed  a  new  grace  upon 
^e  cere  monies  with  the  irnioely  chosen 
words  and  subtle  compliments,  but  the 
tteX  wae  greater  than  aoything  to  be 
Mid  of  it  Wordsworth  was  indeed  a!- 
leadj  there,  in  the  fresh  ardor  his  po- 
ems dedicated  to  Burns — nay,  lo  those 
T«TJ  sons  now  living — must  have,  st 
some  time,  inspired  many  with, 
-who  were  present  ;  and  Campbell, 
though  lately  dead,  still  lived  in  song 
on  the  lips  nf  the  poet's  admirer* ;  and 
our  own  Halleck.  though  far  away,  was 
present,  too,  in  his  sympathy  with  the 
Wild  Rose  nfAUo way. 

*<  His  iithatlangoage  of  the  heart, 

In  wbich  the  aBswerisg  heart  wonld 

Thongbi  word  that   bids  the  warm  tear 

Or  Ibe  smile  ligbt  the  cbeek ; 

And  bis  that  music,  lo  whose  tone 

The  common  poise  of  man  keeps  time. 

In  cot  or  casltp'a  mirth  or  moan. 
In  cold  or  sunny  clime." 

Truly  and  ni^ly  sang  Wordsworth. 

«  Well  might  I  mnurn  Ibst  HE  was  gnnc. 
Whose  ligbtl  hailed  wben  Srst  it  shone. 
When,  brenkiafc  fonb  as  natore's  owo, 

It  showed  tnj  yoath   ' 
How  Verse  may  bolld  a  princely  throne 

On  bnmble  trath." 

Here  was  that  throne  set  up  in  the 
beans  of  men,  "  the  posthumous,  the 

The  people  gathered  frooi  all  udea, 
crowding  the  Euniliar  spots  eooaecrated 
bvthe poet's  genius,  which  has  studded 
the  whole  district  with  monuments  to 
kis  memory.  The  briga  of  Ayr  acted 
•  eonapieaoos  part  in  the  praceasion, 
and  were  as  lively  and.  social  as  in  the 
pMt'a  lifetime,  when  they  indulged  in 
the  oelebnted  AmaUean  altercatioDS. 
The  'drown  dangeon  clock,'  aud  '  Wal- 
bee  tower,' bore  friendly  testimony  to 
the  boor.  The  bell  of  rooQead  old  Al- 
low&y  once  more  shook  in  its  aged  heed 
like  a  prattler  of  the  past  of  matter* 
nore  ghostly  ihta  the  poet's  atory,  for 


it  waa  of  the  dim  vanishing  form  of  tba 
poet  himself.  Doon,  foi^etful  of  old 
fears  and  (errors,  pat  on  a  gay  arcb  of 
green,  and  the  humble  elay  cut,  the  first 
nestling  place  of  the  Mavis  of  ScotlaadT 
waa  smothered  in  garlands. 


Fusiliers,  bag-pipers,  free  maeom, 
Crispins,  wesvers,  ancient  fureeteia 
witharrows,  proceeded  to  iheair,  of '  A 
man's  a  man  for  a'  that.' 

Is  there,  for  bonest  poverty, 

That  han^s  his  head,  end  a'  thalt 
The  CO  ward- slave,  ve  pais  him  bj. 

We  dare  be  poor  for  a'  that  I 
For  a'  that,  and  a'  that, 

Our  toils  obscure,  sad  a'  that. 
The  rank  is  but  the  goinea's  stsmp. 

The  man's  the  gewd  fur  a'  that. 

When  they  reached  the  fields  in  the 
neigbbarhood  of  (he  monuments,  they- 
were  diverted  by  a  well  acted  chase  of 
Tim  o'  Shanler,  and  passed  the  time  in 
dancing  whila  the  rest  of  the  company 
assembled  in  a  pavilion  constructed  for 
the  occasion,  to  feast  and  listen  to  the 
speeches  of  Lord  Eglinton  and  Chris- 
topher North.  The  remarks  of  the 
former  were  very  happy. 

"TbeChainnan  Ibea  rose  amidst  the 
most  enthuiiaslie  applause.  He  said, — 
Ladies  and  gentlemen,  the  subject  of  the 
toast  which  I  am  now  going  to  bring  be. 
fore  you,  is  one  of  such  panmoaut  ini' 
portsDce  on  this  occasion,  and  is  so  deeply 
ialeresting,  not  only  to  tbose  whom  I  now 
have  the  honor  to  address,  but  lo  all  whom 
genius  is  dear,  that  1  eonid  have  wished 
it  committed  to  more  worthy  hands;  more 
parlicularlf  wben  I  see  the  enortnons  as- 
semblage »>llected  here — the  distinguish- 
ed persons  who  grace  onr  board  to-day. 
(Cheers.)  It  Is  only  because  I  coeedve 
that  my  official  potitioa  renders  me  the 
most  formal  and  fitting,  though  meet  !>• 
efficient,  moath-pieee  of  the  iahaUtanta 
of'this  county — (Hear,  bear,  and  ^ea*> 
— that  I  have  ventnrol  to  introdnce  my- 
self before  yon  on  this  oeeasion,  and  to 
undertake  the  onerons,  though  gratifyiog 
duty  of  proposing  in  sorb  an  atsetnblage 
the  thrilling  toast— 'The  Memory  of 
Bums.'  (Great  applause.  The  eompa- 
ny  rising  to  testify  their  approbatioii  by 
the  waving  of  handkendiiefs.)  This  it 
not  a  neetii^  for  the  purpose  of  retreo 
tion  aud  amiuement;  it  is  not  a  beeqaet 


gle 


1844.]  A  Ftttieal,  a  Tournament,  and  a  Jubilee.  365 

at  wliieti  ■MrUinnamberortoMUpriBt-  ot  poetf.  (ChMn.)  Well  aaj  ve  te- 
ed 00  paper  ire  to  be  propoted  ud  re-  joice  Ibat  Burai  i«  our  own  I — tbkt  no 
■pondrd  Id,  which  to-dnr  mailu  ouf  pre-  other  (poi  can  elaiui  1o  be  the  birtii-plaee 
pantlont ;  il  is  the  enlhDEiattie  desire  of  of  our  Homer  except  the  spot  on  wbicb 
B  whole  people  to  p>T  hooDr  to  their  eoiin-  we  etand.  (Ctieer^O  Ob  !  (hat  be  coold 
trymaa  ;  it  is  the  spontaneous  otierjn;  of  h»e  foreseen  [he  rulurilr  of  faiae  creat- 
a  nslton's  feelinifs  towards  the  iilosirioiis  ed  for  bim  this  day,  nhen  the  poet  and 
dead,  and  added  to  Ihis  the  desire  to  ex-  tlie  bislorian,  Ihe  peer  and  Ibe  pea^aal, 
tend  a  hand  of  welcome  and  frienilship  to  vie  with  each  other  in  paying  the  tribute 
those  whom  he  has  left  behind.  (Tre-  of  (heir  admiralioa  Id  Ihe  humble  but 
mendoiiB  applause.)  Here,  on  ihe  very  migbly  genius  of  him  whom  we  hail  at 
■pot  where  he  first  drew  breath,  on  the  the  first  of  Scodish  Poets.  (Cheers.) 
Tery  ground  which  his  genia«  has  hallow-  Sucb  n  foresight  might  have  alleviated  llie 
«d,  beside  Ihe  Old  Kirk  of  Alloway,  dreary  hours  of  his  sojourn  »l  Mossgiel — 
which  his  Terse  baa  immoitalised,  be-  might  have  liglilened  Ibe  dark  days  of  hii 
neath  Ibe  uionument  which  au  admiring'  pilgrimage  on  earlh.  (Cheers.)  Well 
and  repentant  people  have  raised  to  him —  does  he  deserve  our  homage  who  hag  poT>  * 
(great  applause)— wo  meet,  after  the  trayed  the  'Collar's  Saturday  Night' — 
lapse  of  yean,  to  pay  our  homage  to  the  not  in  strains  of  ioconsiderale  mirth,  bat 
nan  of  genius.  (Lond  cbeera.)  The  in  loleninity  and  truth — who  brealbed  Ihe 
tnaster-mind  who  has  sun;  the  '  Tsle  of  patriotic  words  thai  tell  of  ihe  glories  of 
pAlms' — wbo  has  revelled  in  the  immor-  our  Wallace,  immortalising  alike  the  poet 
tal  '  Nodes* — wbo  has  already  done  that  and  the  hero ;  he  who  conld  draw  inipira- 
juatjce  to  Ihe  memory  of  the  bard,  which  tion  TroDi  the  humble  daisf,  breathed  forth 
«  brother  poet  can  alone  do — Chrislo-  the  heroic  words  of  *The  Song  of  Deaih,' 
pher  himself  is  here — (great  applause) —  —strains,  the  inchrnation  of  poelrif  and 
anxious  to  pay  his  tribute  of  admiration  love,  and  yel  of  the  bitterest  shafts  of  aa< 
to  a  kindred  spirit.  The  historian  who  lire  and  ridicule  I — obeying  but  Ihe  hand 
has  depicted  the  most  eventfal  period  of  of  nature,  despising  all  the  rules  of  art, 
the  French  empire,  the  gk>rious  triumphs  yet  trampling  over  the  very  rule*  he  set 
of  Wellington,  is  here— (cheers)— Clio,  atnanghl.  (Loud  cheers.)  At  hii  nams 
as  it  were,  oSerinc  up  a  garland  to  Eraio.  every  Scoliiih  heart  beats  hiah.  He  Iim 
(Loud  cheers.)  Tbe  distincai^hed  bead  become  a  household  word  alike  in  Ibepal- 
of  the  Scottish  Bai  is  here — icheers) —  ace  and  the  collage.  Of  whom  should  tra 
la  short,  every  town  and  every  district;  be  proud — to  whom  fchould  we  pay  hom- 
every  clasi,  and  every  sex,  and  every  age,  aae,  if  not  lo  our  own  immortal  Buritf. 
has  come  forward  to  pay  homage  lo  their  (Cheers  )  But  I  feel  I  am  detaining  yon 
poet.  The  honest  lads  whom  he  so  too  long  in  tbe  pres'oee  of  a  Wilton  nod 
praised,  and  whose  greatest  boast  is  to  an  Alison.  (Cries  of  ■  no,  no,'  and  ap- 
belong  to  the  Land  of  Burns,  are  here,  plniii-e.)  In  such  a  pretence  at  Ihese,  I 
(Cheen.)  The  bouny  lassee  whom  he  feel  Ihal  I  am  not  a  Gt  person  to  dilata 
to  praised,  those  wbcm  he  loved  and  tang,  upon  the  geniu*  of  Burnt.  I  am  hat  an 
■re  here;  they  have  followed  hitherto  admirer  tike  yourselves.  There  are  othetm 
justify,  by  their  lovetinest,  Ibe  I'oet't  present,  who  are  brother  poett,  kindred 
worth  (great  applanse);  while  the  de-  genioces — men  who,  Jike  Bums,  have  cre- 
teendant  of  those  wbo  dwelt  in  the  '  Cat-  ated  a  glorious  immorlalily  to  themteleM 
tie  of  Monlgomerie,'  feeli  hinitelf  only  — to  them  will  I  commit  the  agreeable 
loo  highly  honored  in  being  permitted  to  task  of  more  fully  displaying  before  yon, 
propose  Ihe  meuKiry  of  him  who  Ihen  decked  out  wiih  their  etoquence,  Ihe  tif 
wandered  there  unknown  on  the  banks  of  cellence  of  the  poet  and  the  genius  of  the 
Fail.  (Load  cheering.)  How  Utile  eonld  man,  and  to  extend  and  welcome  his  tona 
the  pioes  old  man  who  dwell  in  yontfn  lo  the  land  of  their  falher — (cheert)-~ 
cottage — with  his  '  lyart  haffets'  o'er-  and  I  will  now  ask  you,  in  their  pretence, 
spreading  hit  venerable  brow — when  he  on  the  ground  his  genius  has  rendered  sa- 
read  the  '  big  ha'  bible,'  could  have  cred— on  the  ■  banks  and  braes  o*  bonnf 
gacMed  that  Ihe  infant  prattling  on  his  Doon' — lo  join  with  me  in  drinking  oite 
knee  was  to  be  the  pride  of  his  nation —  overflowing  humper,  and  in  joining  to  it 
the  chief  among  the  poetic  baud — was  to  ever?  expression  of  enlhcsiasm  which  yon 
be  one  of  the  brightest  planets  thai  glow  can,  to  'The  Memory  of  Bums.'  Tkt 
aroand  the  mighty  sna  of  (he  Baid  of  toast  was  received  with  the  most  raptor- 
Avon — (cheerf) — in  knowledge  and  ori-  ous  and  enthutiaatie  bursts  of  apptante." 
finality — second  la  none  in  the  fervent 

apressioa  of  deep  filing,  in  the  genuine        John  Wilton  followed,  and  if  then 

perception  of  the  beaniiet  of  nature  ;  and  were  any  man  living  who  had  a  right 

etnal  to  any  who  revel  in  Ihe  Airr  land  to  speak  on  ''  .      .     >  _ 


Goog 


360  A  Ftttival,  a  Tovntameal,  and  a  JubUee.  [Oct. 

Ha  ha«  devoted  bis  best  liteniy  Ul-  done  them — and  who  ilial]  dare  lo  den^ 
enta,  wiih  the  ripeneu  of  many  yeara,  that  eraelleat  iojnitiee  wat  once  doav  to 
to  the  illustration  of  tho  characlei  of  Bum*— the  *iicceedin([  generationt  be- 
BtiTiia.  He  has  brought  to  the  books  6"™=  "">«  """l  """^  charitaUe  lo  the 
in  which  he  has  recorded  his  impres-  °"^»  ""'  ''^'"=  •»  "f^  *^'  »™"B  ^7 
■ions,  the  sum  of  ibe  experience  of  a  *?"=  profonnder  homage.  Trolj'  said, 
JDyful  youth,  a  poetic  manhood  tpent  ;■"=  ,*°*?',, Yu^^^  "^V  ?-  '!'?  u?" 
band  in  hand  iith  ua.are,  who  has  »^<°'-  All  that «  ethereal  la  Iheitbemg 
«^i„-!,=-)  Fr..  »,;■.,  .1,=  -,„-.  .-»,-.  —  "<"■"  seems  to  siutitc;  and,  iherefon, 
unlocked  for  him  the  most  secret  re-  ^,i  ^^^  cherished  memdrles  if  onr  b«ft 
CBBses  of  her  treasore-house  of  wood,  j„„_  „j  g^^  ,„  ^^,„g  „„^  j^^^^^ 
roonntama  and  lake;  and  not  less  fn-  ought  1^^^  invested  with  aU  consistent 
miliat  with  the  best  and  most  inlellec-  eicelleacesi  for  f«r  belter  do  their  vir- 
tual of  the  last  prolific  age,  he  has  ines  instruct  as  by  the  love  which  they 
brought  the  humor  and  uodjing  emhu-  inspire,  than  ever  could  their  rices  ad- 
*siasm  of  Christopher  North,  and  the  mouisti  us.  Bums,  who,  while  sorely 
liohly  freichled  eloquence  of  Professoi  oppressed  in  his  own  generons  breast  by 
Wilson.  Hia  maniy  form  was  the  the  worst  of  anxieties — the  anxiety  of 
delight  of  thousands  as  he  thus  intro-  providing  the  means  of  subsistence  to 
dnced  the  toast  "  Wolconw  to  the  eons  *•"■*"  <>^  ^i*  of"  household  and  his  own 
of  Burns."  hearth — was,   notwithstanding,    no    less 

faithful  lo  that  sacred  gift  with  which  I^ 
"Were  this  festival  to  commemorate  beaven  he  had  been  endowed.  (Ai>- 
the  genins  of  Burns,  and  it  were  asked  planse.)  Obedient  to  the  holy  in«pir«- 
what  need  is  there  of  inch  commemora-  lion,  he  ever  sought  it  pnrely  in  the  pathi 
tion,  since  his  Ikme  ii  co-eitenaive  with  of  poverty — to  love  which  is  indeed  front 
tbe  literature  ofonr  land,  and  inherent  in  heaven.  From  his  inexhaustible  fancy, 
every  ton),  I  would  answer  that  though  warmed  by  the  sunshine  of  his  heart, 
admiration  of  (he  poet  be  indeed  no-  even  ia  the  thickest  gloom,  he  strewed 
bounded  a*  the  world,  yet  we,  as  com-  along  theweary  ways  of  the  world  flow- 
Mtriots  to  wbom  it  is  more  especially  era  so  beautiful,  that  even  to  eyes  that 
dear,  rejoice  lo  tee  that  universal  senti-  weep — that  are  familiar  with  tears — ^e; 
meat  eoneentrated  in  the  voice  of  a  great  looked  as  if  they  were  flowers  dropped 
auembly  of  bis  own  people — that  we  from  heaven.  Among  mighty  benefac- 
rqoiee  to  meet  in  thousands  to  honor  him  ton  to  mankind,  who  will  deny  that 
who  has  del^hted  each  single  one  of  ns  Robert  Bums  is  entitled  (o  a  high  place  ? 
^1  at  his  own  hearth.  (Load  cheers.)  He  who  reconciled  poverty  to  its  lot,  who 
Bnt  this  commemoration  expresses,  too,  if  'lightened  the  burden  of  care,  made  toil 
not  a  pnjounder,  yet  a  more  tender  sen-  charmed  with  its  very  task-work,  and 
timenl )  for  it  is  to  welcome  his  sons  to  almost  reconciled  gKef  to  the  grave;  who, 
the  land  which  their  lather  illustrated —  by  one  immortal  song,  has  sanctified  for 
to  indulge  our  national  pride  in  ■  great  ever  the  poor  man's  col,  and  by  a  picture  ' 
name,  while,  at  the  same  time,  we  gratify  which  genius  alone,  inspired  by  piety, 
in  foil  breasts  tbe  moat  pious  of  affec-  conld  have  conceiTed,  a  piclare  so  tender 
tions.  (Cheers.)  Itwas  castomary,  yoq  and  yet  so  true  of  that  happy  night,  that 
know,  in  former  times,  to  crown  great  it  seems  to  pass,  by  some  sweet  trsnsi- 
poeta.  No  such  ovation  honored  our  tion,  from  the  working  world  into  that 
batd:  yet  he,  too,  tasted  of  human  ap-    hallowed  day  of  God's  appointment,  and 

C'  ise — he  enjoyol  its  delights,  and  he  made  to  breathe  a  heavenly  culm — a  holy 
w  the  trials  that  attend  it.  Which,  serenity.  Now,  1  hold  that  auch  tenti- 
think  yoQ,  would  be  have  preferred?  meats  as  these  which  I  hare  expressed,  if 
Such  a  celebration  as  this  in  his  lifetime,  they  be  true,  afford  a  justification  at  once 
or  fifty  years  after  bis  death  1  I  cannot  of  the  character  of  Barns — his  moral  and 
doubt  that  he  would  have  preferred  the  intellectaal  character — that  places  him 
posthnmous,  because  the  finer  incense,  beyond  the  possibility  of  detraetioBi 
I  would  not  even  in  the  presence  of  his  amongst  the  highest  oider  of  human  be- 
sons  pass  altogether  over  the  father's  ingt  who  have  benefited  their  race  by  the 
holts.  Bat  surely  they  are  not  to  be  eiprcssion  of  noble  sentiment  and  gloii- 
elaborately  dwell  upon  in  this  place,  and  oui  Ihoogbts.  The  people  of  Scotland 
upon  an  occasion  like  this.  Itlsconsol-  loved  their  great  poet.  They  loved  him 
alary  to  see  how  tbe  faults  of  those  whom  because  he  loved  his  own  order,  nor  ever 
the  people  honor,  grow  fainter  and  more  desired,  for  a  single  hour,  to  quit  it, 
faint  in  the  national  memory,  wbQe  their  They  loved  him  because  he  loved  the  very 
viitncB  grow  brighter  and  still  more  humblest  conditionof  humanity,  somneb, 
bright;  vid  if  in  this,  injustice  has  been    that  by  hit  connection  he  saw  more  Uoly, 


Google 


Ib44.1  A  Pftiaal,  a  TounttOMnt,  mi  aJiMtt. 


izteen  scone,  arrayed  in  kilta  aod  Ur- 
-an,  fat  members  of  Ibe  tozophiliM  to- 
es been,  most  ab.i.rdly,  queslion.    ^^^^     ^^^^  ^„g  ^^d  arrows,  ladies  and 
ed  foiwha  mdependence.    Ther   lo»ed  ,ie„en  of  dainty  foot,  sapplieatinff 

bw.  ftr  hnngmg  wnshipe  mlo  d«k  Jt  .he  door  of  laborers' coltage"for«C 
plaees;  not  for  repreienting  lie  poor,  „;,,,„„.  .„i  =.,»,...». ;„i  ■7^  J~i. 
hard-i^orkinR  m«.  u  .n  object  of  pl^-  ?»"»f  ^s-  and  eubstanua!  cU«ens,  freah 
but  for  sbowLg  that  there  was  .ometbing  f""  "■.«  ='"'"»"  ""d  Ihe  caltie  marketa, 
more  than  is  dreamed  of  in  the  world's  oe^onnng  pagea  of  iTanhoe  belween 
philoaophr  amonf  the  tillers  of  the  soU,  their  mullon  and  porter,  to  bs  ou  faU 
and  the  hnmbleit  children  of  the  land."  with  tbe  proceediags  of  tha  morrow. 
It  was  something  similar  to  tbe  Dick- 
ens' festivities  in  NewYork,  wheretha 

In  snch  proceedings,  the  day  to  the  mercantile  and  professional  respectabi- 
memory  of  Bama  closed  ;  but  it  will  li'yi  men  of  stabiliijr  4nd  stamiDa,  the 
be  long  before  the  reeoUeclion  of  that  great  props  of  the  city,  were  practising 
da;  perishes.  The  small  rem  nsnC  of  the  blubbering  over  little  Nell,  and  the 
last  generation,  the  whole  of  the  pre-  most  exemplary  members  of  society 
sent,  with  many  of  their  children,  who  were  getting  loud  in  their  praises  of 
were  then  assembled,  must  first  be  Dick  Swiveller.  Well,  there  waa 
gathered  to  their  graves.  nothing  to  be  ashamed  of  in  all  thiiez- 

The  name  of  Lord  Eglinlon,  asso-  cileraent,  with  all  its  folly;  and,  under 
ciated  with  this  festival,  recalls  to  our  similar  circumstances,  give  us  a  Soott 
recollection  the  TonrnamenI  held  by  or  Dickens  to  celebrate,  it  would  be 
tbe  tame  nobleman  in  the  neighborhood  the  wisest  thing  in  the  world  to  mako 
of  the  very  district  in  which  these  ho-  fools  of  ourselvet  again. 
Dors  were  celebrated.  The  reminiioence  Nature  opened  her  aunbeams  in  « 
suggests  a  profitable  comparison.  most  tempting  web  the  morning  of  the 

We  had  the  good  fortune  to  be  in  the  Touinamenl,  td  catch  men  and  womn, 
highlands  of  Scotland,  at  the  season  of  and  lords  and  ladies,  by  thousands,  at 
the  Tournament,  in  1839,  and  we  well  Eglinton.  They  all  went.  From  Ayr, 
remember  die  first  wondering  di^cns-  Ardrottan,  Saltcoats,  Troon,  Kilvrii^ 
aion  ofits  coming  splendors  we  listen-  ning  and  Irvine,  they  poured  in.  The 
ed  to  belweenayoungScotohman  anda  avenue  to  the  cattle  was  gay  vrith 
travelling  Cookney,  in  the  chimney  cor-  prancing  hones  and  equipage  ;  the  peo- 
ney  of  the  pleasant  inn,  near  Loch  Ka-  pie  in  carriages  were  all  tlifinsss  and 
trine.     From   tlut   time    the    wonder    dignity,  and  the  people  on  foot  all  Jest 

Kw;  and  when  we  reached  Glasgow,  and  laughter.  Exhilarated  t9ttiemom> 
shop  windows  were  gay  with  ribbons  jng  and  the  crowd,  nature  and  buota 
and  tartans,  feathers  and  Glengarry  lifeneveraeemedhappier, whenaudden* 
bonnets.  The  day  before  the  fete,  the  ly  we  came  upon  a  namber  of  the  moet 
steamer  to  Ardroaean  and  Ayr  had  not  oiseased  and  loathsome  cripples,  who 
aa  nnfilled  comer,  and  fancy  coetume,  bad  been  placed  along  the  road,  in  the 
"according  to  the  request  of  Lord  Eg-  way  of  the  orowd,  to  extort  money  from 
linton,"  was  worn  by  various  ambitious  the  paaaers-by.  The  sudden  contrast  of 
yonths  and  some  persons  of  matnrer  this  naked,  undraped  physical  wretch- 
age,  whose  appearance  did  not  so  well  edoess,  brought  out  against  the  general 
disclose  the  motive.  At  Ayr,  the  whole  joy  and  hil  amy,  senla  chill  through  the 
town  was  already  filled,  and  parties  blood.  Icwat  the  death's  head  brought, 
kept  coming  in  mail-coaches  and  ar-  for  the  firtl  time,  into  the  banquet. 
Tivt^ofalltorta  to  the  chief  inn,  call-  The  immediate  sensation  waa  turprisB 
ing  lustily  for  pots  of  ale  and  chops  of  or  dread;  the  next,  anger,  almoal  cod- 
mutton,  and  converting  the  most  un-  tempt,  for  the  utter  degradation  and 
employed  and  obsequious  of  waiters  in-  lost  of  self-respect,  that  would  permit 
to  the  most  impudent  of  varlets.  In  one  the  veriest  cripple,  the  least  part  of  a 
day  the  wholeregionwaaievolutionised  man,  to  mar  the  pleaaure  of  all  that 
by  the  admission  of  thousands  of  travel-  company.  It  was  like  dropping  poisoa 
lera  into  this  quiet  disiriot,  any  one  of  into  the  well-head  of  a  spring  in  tha 
whom,  on  any  other  ocossioo,  would    front  of  that  fair  day.    Alas  I  that  itf  I 

have  been  a  god-tend  to  a  landlord,    was  only  common  life.    There  floated  V^OOQ  I C 


3BS  A  Fulnal,  a  Tounuaunt,  and  aJuiiUt.  [Oet. 

llie  banner  on  iho  cutle,  and  hen  nt  tlemen  Highlandera,  appedins  to  tbo 
"  fnll  of  lorea."  very  elonei  for  pity.  Tha  Qaeen  o€ 
3  single  thought  conU  kesp  Beauty  teached  the  pSTilion,  and  was 
one  long  in  such  a  scene.  Wb  harried  greeted  with  a  (^heer  from  those  who 
Ibrou^ih  the  open  gatesof  the  Park,  and  had  eyes  fish-like  enough  for  thai  wa- 
the  well  kept  groonds,  to  the  eaatle,  and  tery  medium  to  witness  her  arrival. 
near  bj,  on  a  pleasant,  leTel  space,  the  There  was  a  poking  and  a  slipping,  and 
Pavilion  and  liaia.  No  arrangement  the  breaking  of  a  half  sawed  lauce,  and 
in  ancient  times  could  well  have  been  Ihe  flight  began.  This  was  the  war- 
more  pictnreaqDfl.  At  a  little  dislaoce  liLe  part  of  the  day.  Th«  letieat  of 
to  the  right  rose  the  tower  of  the  castle,  the  tea  thooaandl 

piercing  the  treea  with  the   armarial         It  waa  our  lot  that  night  to  sleep  an- 

flag  floating  at  the  sumtnit ;  vistas  of  der  tba  roof  of  a  Chartist,  and  Nail-nui- 

English  pack  sceaery  opened  around  in  fcor  and  a  member  of  the  Temperanco 

fall   sniamer   foliage ;   the   variegated  society,  who  had  been  drenched  thU 

tents   half   seen  below   the  Ireea,   or  day  at  the  Tournament.     Hetookdea- 

spread  upon  the  )awn,  closed   the  two  perate  refuge  by  his   gas-light  in  hia 

extremities  of  the  tilting  ground,  while  newspaper,  and  vented  his  indignation 

the    light,   slender,    Gothio    pavilion,  against  hia  brother  Chartists,  who  had 

ocoamented  with  the  coronation  gilding  been  entrapped   into   Lord  Eglinton'a 

from  London,  decked  with   ladies   in  service,  at  three  shillings   a-pieee  «■ 

white   and   officers   in   ted,  filled   the  special  conatables,  though  entered  on 

central.piece  of  a  holiday  world.     We  the  programme  as  Men-at-arma.     He 

saw  the  still  lifeahow  of  a  Tournament,  was  very  mysterious  and  politic,  as  tha 

For  the  rest,  imagine  the  worst  of  dia-  reader  of  a  newspaper  should  be,  and 

appointments,  a  great  party  feasiioK,  began  by  the  round  assertion  that  di« 

and  a  falling  ohandeliei  suddenly  put-  Eglinton  Toamament  was   not  at  all 

verized  among  the  broken  relios  of  the  what  it  appeared  on  the  surface.     It 

table,  and  the  guests  ;  or  an  imaginary  was  one  of  two  things,  either  a  con~ 

thunder  cloud,  in  a  well  filled  theatre,  spiracy  of  the  government  to  crowd  in 

besoming  teal.     The  scene  waa  wag-  half  the   kingdom,    and  represent  the 

giahly  parodied  that  night  by  the  Mar-  district  as  full  of  employment  (as  well 

^nia  ofWaterford,  in  front  of  his  lodg-  they   might),   or   Lord   Eglintun   was 

ings  at  Irvine.     He  had  drawn  away  short  of  cash,  and  was  making  a  des^ 

the  crowd  from  the  menagerie  on  ei-  perate  cast  for  an  heiress.       Though 

hibitionb;  a  liberal  lai^ess  of  red  hot  apparently  unmoved  by  the  pageantrr 

coppers,  which  he  humorously  show-  of  the  day,  hia  chartism  and  disrelish 

Bred  fcom  a  second  story  window ;  and  of  the  Tournament  did  not  prevent  him 

when  he  had  collected  a  gaping  audi-  from  so  far  entering  iitlo  the  spirit  of 

«nae  for  a  speech  he  seized  pitchers  of  the  thins  as  tocharge  us  fifteen  shillings 

water,  and  leaning  over  the  company,  for  our  lodgment  on  the  segment  of  a 

poured   down    their  cootanta,    telling  bed,  something  lass  than  Suwerberry's 

them  to  "  take  that !"     It  waa  Nature'a  allotment  to  Oliver  Twiat  of  a  coffio. 

freak  that  dsy.orratherher  daily  busi-  Such  was  the  spirit  of  the  festival  10 

nesa-lika    performanoa    on  the  West  Bums,  the  all  bail  hibeaftib,  aa  it 

«OMt  of  Scotland,  where  it  rains  Eve  is  charactetixed  by  tba  London  Illos- 

days  out  of  six  the  Tear  round.     The  trated  News,  and  such  the  lame  and 

eompany  ware  already  aasembled  in  the  impotent  conclusion   of   the   Eglinton 

Pvilion,  aod  an  eSurt  was  to  be  made.  Tonmanient.      But    verily   the   noble 

held  up.    The  procesaioo  got  under  Lord  has  redeemed  his  character.    He 

way,  and  it  rained    again.     Still  tha  broaght  the  farce  before  the  tragedy ; 

procession  went  on.     Lady  Seymour,  for  with  its  grotesque  humors  and  met- 

tha  Queen  of  Beauty,  in  a  carriage  ry  incidents,  the  one  was  as  vet;  a 

with  her  maids  of  honor,  who  were  to  farce  as   ever    Reeve   or    Buokstona 

have  walked  by  the  sideof  her  palfrey;  enacted;  the  other  aa  solemn  yet  joyful 

the  Maninia  of  Londonderry,  King  of  a  tragedy  as  the  themes  of  Death  and 

the  Tournament,  on  horseback,  a  living  Immortality  oin  inspire, 
anachronism,  caxnring   an    umbrella ;        Before  parting  with  our  subject,  we 

the  bagpiper*  of  Athol  blowing  vigo-  would  say  a  word  of  the  gener^  i!P*''' 

ronaly,  each  with  a  rain  drop  at  the  tip  of  theee  and  similar  festivities.     Ther 

of  his  noaa,  and  bteaehed  legs  of  gen-  are  to  be  encouraged  at  due  times  am^ 

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1644.]                     -A  Ftitival,  a  TotiTntanent,  and  a  JuHUe.  369 

on    well    deaerred     occuiona.       We  "Here  yooth  rful'-be  fmmedforUieir lore 

should  be  sorry  to  we  all  tbe  enthusi-  .      »'«'  ^^'j'  'r>'l*'t       ,   ,    ,         ... 

um   of  the   nation   TCniing   iUelf   in  And   eheeifiU  oW  age  feel  the  ipirit  of 

camp meelinBBmd politics;  we  should  „     I™     '.           -,         .             .1,11 

be  equally  sorry  to  iee  liler;ry  fesUvals  ^"^  J^'Jj'P""™  '^'^'"^  *""  P"""  '"'"" 

u   common   as    birbecuee   and   mus  For  halloWed  the  InrfU  that  piUowedhb 

meetings — lest  we  should  witness  Mrs.  ^^^^  j 

Leo  Hunter  pic-nics   or    chowders   in 

honor  oT  Snodgras«.     No!   these   ue  «now  on,  lilrer  Avon!   in  sonj  erer 

honors  for  the  immortals.     The   first  ioyr, 

we   remember   of   any  note   was   the  Be  the  swina  oa  thy  bosotn  «till  whiter 

Shaksperiaa    Jubilee,     conducted    at  tfasn  snow, 

Stntford    on  Avon,  by  G&rrick,  who  Erer  full  be  thy  stream,  like  his  fuse 

worked  hard  on  this  occasion,  and  left  msf  it  spread, 

behind  him  a  great  reputation   in  the  Aodtbe tnrfeirerhallowedwhichpDIowed 

town  guide-book.    The  affair  aeems  to  his  head  1" 

]urB  gone  off  well  with  the  eclat  of  r  1  '^    l     1 

« thirty  cannon  (eixteenof  themthirty-  ,  Heaven   forbid  the  last   invocation, 

two   pounders),    twelve   cohoraa    and  for  England  would  be  deluged! 

•ome  mortars,  and  an  immense  quanti-  There  was  a  masquerade   also  held, 

¥or  fireworks  and  rariegaMd  lamps."  at  which  Bos  weU  appeared  with  "pie- 

here  was  a  patiUioo-and  great  doinga  Wis  in  his  bell  and  a  musket   at  hia 

U  the  Town  Hall,  on  the  part  of  the  back,"   lettered  in  front     Paoh,'    and 

Mayor,  Aldermen  and  Burgesses.  Doc-  h«uce  acquired  the  sobriquet  of     Cor- 

toi  Ame  conducted  his  oratorio  of  Ju-  sioa  Bos  well.       He  regrets  very  much 

dith,  and  a  whole  troop  of  poets,  with  Jo  ^'-   Johnson,  id  the  Life,  that  the 

Gwrick  at  their  head,  made  a  Shake-  1""'  ""  °o'  present.     Geo^e  Sel- 

Cfl    Garland.     Mr.  Garrick  recited  wyn  was  there,  hut  there  is  no  aoconnt 

own  odo,  which  was  prononnoad  at  <>'  »•>«  "»"  ■"  ■»■  poDl'shod  Corrospond- 

the  time  to  be  the    best    and   most  «""■     There  was  to  have  been  ^o  a 

▼igorouaof  all  his  stage  performances,  procession  of  Shaksperian  oharsctera, 

A  few  elegant  stanzas  deserve  to  snr-  out  this,  as  usual  in  England,  was  put 

i^iy.  .  an  end  to  by  a  rainy  day. 

There  has  been  a  recent  Scott  fancy 

ball  in  London  (to  step  over  a  wide  in- 

"  TlHM  loft-dowing  Atos,  by  thy  iDTcr  terval,  with  the  privij^e  of  a  nugasin- 

Btream,  ist)  for  the  purpose  of  completing  the 

Of  things  more  than  nwrtal,  sweet  Sbak-  monament  in  Edinburgh — and  it  was  a 

speare  would  dream;  very  anitable  and  successfut  afiair. 

The  fairies,  by  nuionlight,  dance  ronnd  The  Berkshire  Festival  brings  us  to 

his  green  bed,  (,nr  own   land.     We  wait  with  impa- 

^Ilo'™^  ^'  ^^  »  'hich  pillowed  tignee  for   the  official  account  of  the  . 

•^  "■^*  proceedings.   The  parts  were  well  cast, 

Here  rove    without   duiger,   and    ugh  ""T   «   well  as   e<Uble    purveyance. 

without  p«a )  Vfiib  the  roast  beef  and  pwce*  de  rtsuU 

Tho  sweet  bud  of  beauty  no  blight  shaU  ane*  of  hislorical    and  religions  aer- 

here  dread,  vices,  and  the  graceful  confectionary  of 

Per  hallowed  the  tnrf  is  which  pillowed  Holmes,  there  were  all  the  delicacies- 

bis  bead.  the  time  could  afford. 


TOL.ZT.— NO.  UXTL 


lizcdbyGoOl^Ic 


Tit  Pmiiu  ofElitMbtlX  BarrtU. 


THE  POEMS  OF  ELIZABETH  BARRETT,* 

Thise  volumes  open  a  way  for  tbem-  suspicion  of  borrowing  from  predeces- 
■eWes,  by  a  dedication  full  of  womaaly  sore.  There  is  in  each  eveut  a  nav 
tenderDess,  and  a  preFane  modest  and  norld,  to  each  mind  that  in  siaeerilf 
just  in  explanation  of  the  grounds  of  and  the  pure  spirit  of  an  unmarred  na- 
the  Poet's  endeavor,  and  generous  in  lure,  looks  amm  it :  to  each  child  of 
the  sympathy  nilh  which  it  reaches  Adam,  that  Fall  in  Iha  Garden,  and 
toward  America,  and  draws  it  to  the  that  mournful  going  forth  has  a  new,  a 
writer's  heart.  "  My  loie  and  admira-  peculiar  significance.  To  Miss  Barrett 
tion  have  belonged  to  the  great  Ame-  it  pleads  from  a  depth  of  plaintive  ttkO- 
ricao  people,"  these  are  memorable  tancholy,  of  lonely  gloom,  which  breaks 
words  01)  the  lips  of  Elizabeth  Bairelt,  the  great  heart  of  humanity  in  piece* 
"  ait  long  as  I  have  fait  prond  of  being  as  a  little  child's,  and  suggests  spiritual 
an  BngtiBhwoman,  and  almost  as  long  histories  of  the  iatercoarse  of  angels, 
as  I  have  loved  poetry  itself."  Ame-  and  Nature,  and  Christ,  and  God;  with 
rica  is  not  marble  nor  stone  that  she  the  desolate  but  neTer-abandoned  bodI  of 
should  be  insensible  to  a  good  will  so  man.  It  puts  for  her,  the  whole  nni- 
earnest  and  true  \  She  will  sit  down  to  verse  of  the  Mydteribus  in  motion,  sod 
the  reading  of  these  poems,  in  a  mood  teaches  in  a  profoaod  anaiogy  how 
answeritig  to  the  poet's,  and  she  will  Adam  and  Eve,  and  they,  Gabriel  sad 
rise  up  to  bless  her  for  the  force,  the  Lucifer,  and  spirits  of  the  earth,  and 
imth.ihelove.the  spiritQalso1sces,and  spirits  of  Eden,  of  organic  and  iuot- 
exsltations  of  which  they  are  the  in-  ganic  nature,  and  infant  voLces  and  poet 
spirer  and  expounder.  She  will  begin  voices,  and  voices  of  revet,  and  the 
with  Misa  Barrett,  far  back,  in  the  dim  morning  star  and  the  zodiacal  powera, 
origin  of  mankind,  and  hand  in  hand  discoursed  with  one  another  ere  the 
with  her,  will  bear  her  company  down  outstretched  hand  shattered  their  h*r- 
froro  thit  sad  drama  of  exile — Oh,  mony,  and  left  them  to  be  silent  for 
blest  and  bitter  are  its  memories  1 — to  many  and  many  an  age.  She  calls  np 
a  wakeful  interest  in  factory  children,  the  great  Angel  of  Sin  to  stand  in  tfaa 
and  the  moaning  cry  of  the  heart  that  foreground 
beats  in  the  bosom  of  this  forty-fonrtb 
T«xedyear  ofthe  nineteenth  century —    "A  monamenta]  melancholy  gloom 

Seen   down   all  ages  ;  whcoee  to  tnalk 
«  O  brave  poets  keep  back  nothing  I"  despair, 

And  measure  out  the    dislaacea    Tram 
TTiiB  "  Drama  of  Eiile,"  individnal  8oo<i '" 

.  in  plan  and  conception,  obedient  to  a 
imity,  and  speaking  a  language  of  And  around  this  central  pillar  spin, 
its  own,  with  the  lyrical,  descriptive,  so  to  speak,  all  the  powers  of  nature  in 
and  dramatic  forces  all  in  unison, leaves  tribulation,  and  appeal  against  the 
in  the  true  reader's  mind  a  complete  wrong  which  has  jarred  Adaro  out  of 
and  harmonious  impression.  the   smooth,   golden    circuit    he    wa* 

Adam  and  Eve,  at  the  gate  of  Eden,  keeping  in  harmony  with  them.  They 
are  wrapped  in  a  cloud  of  desolation,  tell  him  what  he  was,  and  what  he  is 
and  swept  out  upon  the  wildernesa  :  not,  and  what  he  is  to  be.  The  awo 
the  cloud  is  about  them  from  first  to  and  the  strife,  and  the  perplexity  bom 
last,  their  tabeniacle,  their  shrine,  their  of  bis  woful  error,  anticipate  theic  day, 
oracular  lodgment  and  look-out.  The  and  come  tn  him  ia  one  shape  and 
tone  of  the  work,  a  high,  perhaps  the  another,  direct  from  the  heart  of  tbinga, 
highest  test,  is  unbroken  from  end  to  without  disguise,  and  with  no  aiammer- 
«nd:  and  vindicates  the  originality  of  ing  niterance.  The  Morning  Stu 
the  poet,  and  protects   her  from  any    singe  to  Lucifer,  and  there  is  constda- 


•  A  DauiA  or  Exits,  ahr  othsb  Foshe,  by  GlinOieth  Banett  Barrett, 
of  M  The  Seraphim,"  et«.    Ntw  ¥erft ,  H.  G.  Laigltg.     IS44. 


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■IM«.l  Ti*  Pomt  of  Eiiaaitth  BumU.  JTH 

tion  here,  saoh  troth  and  tendenieBa,  Of  ihoK  fir*t  I«wi  mffixed  to  fom  «nd 

that  he  &dee  awaj  ind  mtsrly  Taaiahea,  apnea 

aa  he  oeeds  inuat,  u  it  proeeeda.  Or  erer  ihe  kaev  lin  t 

Mam.  We  will  not  l^ar : 

"  HeDcerarward  baman  eyei  of  lovers  be  ^*  ''*™  braTc  aianing. 

The  oalj  iweeleal  si^hl  that  I  ihall  tee,  ^'>*-                 ^'a,  t  plucked  the  fnitt 

With  tear*  betweea  the  looki  railed  an  to  "<"i  eye*  aptarned  Co  Hearen,  aod  lee- 

me,  '"S  'here 

Ai,  ai  1  Oar  god-thrones,  as  the  tempter  said— 

WheD.haviag  wept  all  night,  at  break  of  My  heaH,'.  wMch  bealihei.,  moI*    The 

Above  tbe  folded  taiUi  they  ihall  anrrey  nnt  nr'-^rhl"!'^ .,"''''  i;-^ 

My  light,  a  litUa  trembliag,  ia  the  grey^  ""j^^^"'  '"''^^rJn^r 

■**'"'  Evt.  And  God'F  curse,  neareit.    Let 

And,  fazing  on  me,  snch  ahaU  compre-  ns  traTcl  bacli 

hea;'.  Andstaad  within  Ue'swori-glaretiUwe 

Thionga  all  my  pileoni  pomp  at  morn  or  die ' 

'**■■>  Bclieting  it  is  better  lo  meet  death 

Than  snfler  deMlalion. 

Jdam,  Nay,  belored  I 

We    matt   not    pluck    death    Ihun  the 

Maker's  hand, 
Aa  erat  we  plaeked  the  apple :  we  matt 

-         -J  .    ,  ■      .  Until  He  giTtadfath.aa  He  gave  tti  life  t 

puamg  ODt  from  underneath  this  cheer-    Nor  munnnr  fainily  ^'er  the  primal  sift. 


Bat  further  on,    these    aad 


fill  effulgHDce,  come  upon  a  wild  open  Became  we  spoilt  ii 

oaantr;,  seen  vaguelj  m  the  approach-  tin. 

tog   night:  the   first   night   outside  of  Eve.  Ah,ah>  Doat  thon  diacem  what 

Eden,  the  tirst  nigbt  of  an  iplerminable  I  behold  ? 

line  shooting  on,  onward  through  the  .iiam.  1  see  all.     How  the  spirit*  in 

time  to  come,  and  binding  the  ages  to-  thine  eyes, 

gether    as    with   their   gloomj  lioks.  From  their  dilated  orbits,  bunnd  before 

Ao  awfnl  night— that  first  of  aU !  To  m eel  the  spectral  Dread  I 
Evt.                 1  am  afraid— 

<*  Mam.  Hoar  doth  the  wide  and  me-  Ah,  ab  [  The  twilight  brisUet  wild  with 

laacboly  earth  shapes 

Gather  her  bills   aroand  as,   grey    and  Of  intermitlent  motion,  aspect  ragne 

ghast,  Andmysiic  bearings,  which  o'vcraep  the 

Aad  ttare  with  blank  lignifieance  of  loaa  eailfa. 

Right  in  oar  fteet !  b  tbe  wind  np  T  Keeping  slow  lime  with  borron  In  the 

£m.                                           Nay.  blood. 

Mam.   And  yet  the  cedan  and  Iba  How  near  they  reach  .  . .  and  far  I  hMt 

'  jnnipera  grey  they  mo»e — 

lUek  slowly  thnngh  the  mitt,  withoat  a  Treading    npon   (he     darkaen   without 

noise ;  feet, — 

And  thapee,  which  have  ao  certainty  of  And  fluttering  on  the  darknett  withont 

ahape,  wings  I 

Drift  dutkly  in  and  ont    between    the  Some  run  like  dogt,  with  noses  to  the 

pines,  ground ; 

And  loom  along  the  edge*  of  Ihe  hiitt.  Some  keep  one  palh,  like  sheep;  tome 

And     lie    flat,    curdling    in     tbe    open  rock  like  trees  i 

ground —  Some  glide  like  a  fallen  leaf;  and  tome 

Shadowt  withoat  a  body,  which  contract  flow  on. 

And  lengthen  aa  we  gate  on  them.  Copioa*  at  riTen. 

£«(.                                 OLife  Jdam.        Some  spring  np  like  fire— 

Which  it  not  man's  nor  angel's  I    What  And  tome  coil  ... 

it  this}  Ett,      Ah,  ah  I  Dost  thoupanseto  aay 

.tfiani.  No  eanie  for  fear.      The  circle  Like  what  t — coil  like  the  serpent  when 

of  God's  life  he  fell 

Contains  all  life  beside.  From  all  the    emerald    splendor  of  Ui 

Em.                     I  think  tbe  earth  heiKhl, 

b  eraxed  with  cane,  and  wandara  frocD  And    writhed,— and   eoold    aot  cUnt 

iheteote  i^aiott  the  ettn^  •                        /^               i 

Digitized  =yL.OOglC 


37S                              Tit  Paem*  o/ElisaieA  Barrett.  [Oct. 

notaring'Elengtli.  lamsfiud — afraid —  Next,   in  these  Tolumea    ire    cotno 

I  tbJDk  il  U  God's  wilt  lo  make  me  BTnid;  upon  aonnets,  in   which   leaolutum     is 

Permitting   these  to  haont  as  in   Uie  wisely  expressed  or  detennioed  on  by 

plwe  the  writer  for  her  own  sake  :  or  Grief 

Of  HU  beloved  sngels— rone  from  us,  j,     moralised:      or    ItrepareblenesB  : 

Becansewearenoipnre.  Comfoti  :  Work:  with  a  good  lesMO, 

lead  oDce  or   twice   from  a  ecriptare 

And  BO  we  might  wander  00,  It  seems,  ^^^^.   ^^  ^  word  spoken,  as  the  sonnet 

for    ever,    through    a    boundless    Ta-  gHo^g^  m  g  brother  or  sister  that   may 

liety  of  hill   and   dale,  m  these   early  j^  profited. 

■piriUisl  experiences  and   fortunes   of  ^^^^^  S3.ni  (would  thatthere  were 

that  grey  father  of  mankind,  and   that  ^^  nnwomaniy  associations   with    ihat 

poor  mournful   molher.      With    what  j^^^'e  name  !)  is  not  without  the    speU 

quickness  and  truth  these  wd  convie-  ^f  ihia  small,  charmed  round, 
tions  of  loss  and  realwings  of  sorrow, 

come  and  go  in  the  sou!  of  Adam  sud  ,~  Thoo  large-brained  womsn  and  lusc- 

Eve — how    Ihey   rise  and    fall,   with  hearted  man, 

the  raolioBS  acquired  from  a  first  wrong  Self-called  George    Sand !    whose    sool, 

done  first  in  the  pure  world   by  them,  amid  the  lions                                              J 

who  knows  not  that  has  followed  them  Of  Iby  ttimnltnons  senees,  moans  defiance, 

M  lately  through   these  pages,  where  And   answer*  roar  for  roar,   as   spirits 

we  have  quoted  it  all,  that  no  one  might  can : 

want  proof  or  test  to  judga  ua  hy  as  we  I  wo<"l<l  «»™e  "^  mlrecnloM  Ihaader 

passed  along,  speaking  as  we  have  of  .,       ""       ,     .  ,   .                  ,. 

SHTnoble  Drama  of  ExilBl    Thepoet,  Above  the apptaudrf circns,  in  apphanee 

we  may  only  add,  has  not  failed  fJ  0^  """.T.                           "^'^ 

{?"'""'"^i!:;!,'1."'r"«''""7lf'"""'  Drawir^twTp^^ns.  while  a.  wing,  of 

haa  considered  the  fortunes  of  the  race,  nraa 

and  that  our   own   new,  free  land,  was  Y^^m  thy  strong  shouWers,  to  amase  the 

in  her  heart  even  at  Eden  gate,  as  par-  place 

taking  of  the  promises  and  chances  of  With  holier  light  I  Thai  thon  to  woman's 

the  Fall.    Is  there  not  someihing  of  claim,                                                     , 

this   true,  wide,  great  laud,  in  words  And  man's,  might  join  beside  the  angel's           I 

like   these — when   the    spirits   of  the  grace                                                            | 

earth  tell  Adam   howthe  world   ahaU  Of  aporegeniassanctiGed  framUamej 

take  ita  soul  from  him  1  '^'1'  <^hild  and  maiden  pressed  to   Ihiae 
embrace, 

"  Alp  and  torrent  shall  inherit  To  biis  upon  thy  lips  a  stainleu  fame." 

Tool  ugnifleance  of  will : 
With  the  grandeur  of  your  spirit.  Her    sonnets   are    compact,  direct. 
Shall  our  broad  Savannahs  All—  generally  clear  and  just,   and  worthy 
In  our  winds  Tonr  exultations  shall  be  to  be  clsaaed  with   th«  beat  of  the  best 
springing.  writers.     Passing  thcoogh  aooDet-land 
JBven  your  parlance  which  inveigles,  we  arrive  at  a  region  more  pecnliatly 
By  our  rudeness,  shall  be  won :  Miss  Barrett's  as  we  knew  her  before 
Hearts  poetic  in  our  eagles  shall  beat  tho  present  collection  appeared,     lite 
up  against  the  son,  '  Rom  an  Dt  of  the  Page'  and  the  'Lay 
™,  ri„-n™rrt  ,a  .rticulale  clear  ^f  (he  Brown  Rosat/  are  ballads  :  not 
in  the  antique  spirit  exactly,  but  hallad 
Yonr  bold  speeches,  onr  Behemoth,  "objects   raised    f™m   the   gronnd   of 
Wiihhi.ihnadero«iaw,.haUwicldl  <^"'»"""'  fieah- and- blood  mio  an  atmoa- 
TourhighfanciesshallonrMMnmolh  pnero,  refined,  slightly  mystical, and. 
Breathe  soblimelynp  the  shieW  Mcording  to  a  general  bias  of  Miaa 
Of  St.  Michael,   st  God's  throne,  who  Barrett  a  mind,  subjective  in  the  hand- 
waits  to  speed  him  ling.     Of  the  three  poems  of  this  char . 
im  the  Heaven's  smooth-grooved  Ihandtr  acterthe  Romaunt  of  the  Pa^ehas  the 
Spinniagbaek  shall  leave  (hem  clear)  advantage  of  a  certain  old  chivalreaqoe 
AbiI  the  angels,  smiling  wonder,  relish:  the  Lay  of  the  Brown  Rosary, 
Withdroptlooksfrom»pheretoipher«,  Tennysonian   somewhat  in  the  treat- 
atoll  cry, 'Ho!  ye  heirs  of  Adam  1  yees-  meot:  and  Lady Geraldine'sCoortahip 
eeed  himt'"  thefreshneesof  contemporary  interest : 

with  a  reference  or  two  like  this  to  the  I 

■  O 


1844.]  •!%«  Poenu  of  Elizabeth  Barrett.  373 

author  of  '  Panieelsne,' ftfler  allnaion  Still  ■■  a  vision,  ret  eipmt 

to    '  Words  worth's   »olemn-thoDghteil  Full  m  «n  Mlion— lo<A  aod  gesie 

Idjl,' '  Howiti'B ballad-daw* and  'Ten-  OTbnried  saint, in  risen  rest  r 

DTion'a  enchanted  leverie,'  _.  ,  ,  ^  ,         ,  ,. 

The  poet  knew  them.     Faint  and  dim 

'from  Browning  some  PomegrmnslB  gis  spirit  seemed  lo  sink  in  him 

which  ir  cut  deep  down  the  middle.  Then,  like  a  dolphm,  ehsnge  snd  swm 

-Show*  a  heart  within  bJood-linctnred,  of  _.  _, 

a  veined  hutnaaily  !■  The  cnrrent-These  were  poets  tme 
Who  died  Tor  Bennty,  ss  martyrs  do 

Concluding  the  volutne  are  also  two  F"  Tmth-lhe  ends  being  scarcely  two. 

leaser    poems,   one   of   which,    'The  God's  prophets  of  the  BetntiTol 

Mournful  Mother,  u  a  fine  lamentation  These  poeis  were— of  Iron  rule, 

over  her  dead  Blind  Boy,  with  a  cat-  xhe  ingged  cilii,  seige  of  wool, 
taio  strength  and  agonjr,  even,  of  feal- 

iag — tempered  always  with  a  color  of  Here,  Homer,  with  the  liroad  snspense 

hope  and  love — which  we   shall   find  Of  tbuaderoas  brows,  and  lips  intense 

illustrated    in      later     poema.     Proof  Of  garrulous  god-innocence, 
enough  that  though  oftenesi  raised  to  the  . 

raplure  of  spirituality  end  the  unseen,  There,  Shakapeare!   on  whose  forehead 
this  true  poet  has  a  heart  that  beats  climb 

as  vividly  and  pasBionataly,  whan  suf-  The  crowsi  o"  the  world  1    Oh.eyeiiQh. 

fieiently  prompted,  as  Homer  or  DsDtB.  „,  ^    lime—  ,      „  .      . 

And  we  shall  ^b  that  in  her  second  W'^''  '<"»  ""^  '•°8l"««  '"  «"  •«»  I 

volnme.   upon  which  we  now  enter.  Here,  JEschyliii.-the  women  swooned 

Bhew  found  mora  frequently  dealing  ja  see  so  awful  when  he  frowned 

with  realities  uid  the  accepted  emo-  As  the  gods  did,— he  standeth  crowned, 
tions,  01  rather  with  certain  phases  of 

ordinary  emotion  (for  Misa  Barrett  will  Euripides,  with  close  and  mild 

always  have   her  way),  than   hereto-  ScholaslUlips,— that  could  he  wild, 

fore.     A   '  Vision   of  the   Poets,'   for  And  Uiugh  or  sob  out  like  a  child 
with  this  it  begins — to  be  aeen  by  us  at 

the  prompting  of  a  poet,  to  have  her  Bi;;bt  in  the  elastea,    Sophocles, 

for  guide,  and  to  feel  all  along  thai  we  Withthatkiag'slookwhichdowatbelMes, 

■re  in  truth  breathing  an   element  of  Followed  the  dark  effigies 

genuine  magic  and  wonder!    We  will  „„  ,    ,      „,  ,„.,,, 

not  tarry  on  the  threshold  of  the  Vi-  2f ''"'^™"^'"?" '.""l"^"','     .,      i.i 

sion,  but  hurry  ta  where  the  eight  we  JTIl,*'""'?''  "l"  '  ^^"k  u^  ""^^I^ 

mostdesiretoseeismadoknowitous  Cared  most  for  gods  and  buUs!  andbold 

—only  pausing  for  a  moment  to  lake  ^■^^■^  p-^^  -^^  „  f 

BoUce  that  we  are  m  a  building  where  with  raee-dnston  his  cheeks,  and  clew, 

we  observe  sUnt  sUrtled  eyes  that  seem  to  hear 

"The  areh«,  UTte  a  Fi'nt:' bow,  ^^^  ,^,^01  rounding  the  last  goal. 

To  bend  and  slaek.n-and  below  ^^  ^^^,i^  .^  j„  ^.^  ,^„i , 

The  nichW  samU  lo  come  and  go.'  ^^  g^^^^^  ^^^^^  ^j^j,  ^„^|^ 

We  become  instantly  conscious  of  '  a  Of  ebon  cnrlsoncalmedbrows— 

strange  company  around'  and  lo  [  we  o  poet-woman  I  none  forgoes 

are  in  the  mighty  presence  1  The  leap  attaining  the  repoie ! 

"  Denthful  their  faces  were ;  and  yet  Theocritus,  with  glittering  locks. 

The  power  of  life  was  in  them  set —  Dropt  sideway,  as  betwixt  the  rocks 

Never  forgot,  nor  to  forget.  He  watched  the  visionary  Bocks  1 

Snhlime  significance  of  month,  And  Aristophanes  I  who  took 

Dilated  nostril  full  of  yontb,  Tbe  world  with  mirth,  and  Isnghter-stmdc 

And  forehead  royal  with  the  truth.  The  hollowcnvesof  Thought  and  woke 

These  (hceswere  not  multiplied  The  infinite  echoes  hid  in  each. 

Beyond  your  coant,  but  side  by  side  And  Yir^il  1  shade  of  Mantnan  beech  /  ~'  ,~.,^,-^  [^ 

Did  front  the  altar,  glorified  |  Did  help  the  shade  of  bay  to  reach.  Vj  (J  KJW  I L 


7%*  Potmt  o/EtUabetA  BrnnU. 


Aad  knit  troand  bu  fonfaead  high  I — 

For  his  godt  wore  l«s  mijeilT 

Than  hii  browa  beea  hnnuned  deithlenly, 

Lncretia*— BoUer  tb>o  hit  mood  I 

Wbo  dropped  hiiplammet  down  the  broad 

Deep  anivene,  tod  said  >  No  God,' 

Findii));  DO  liollomi  bedenird 
Diriaelf  the  DiTine,  and  died 
Chief  pod  on  the  Tiber-side, 

BrgnceorGodl  hiiraceisiUr 
Alone  compelled,  ia  apite  of  SCO 
To  teacb  a  Irath  he  could  Dot  la 

Aod  Oasian,  dimlj  seen  or  guess 
Once  counted  greater  than  the  n 
When  monntain -winds  blew  out 

And  SpeoMT  drooped  his  dreaminft  head 
(With  Innguid  sleep-smile  ^oa  had  said 
From  his  own  verse  eagendered) 


And    bold     Da     Tcga,— iriio    tveathel. 

Song  after  aone,  Iltl  death's  old  trick 
Pat  pause  to  life  and  rhetoric 

And  Goetbe— with  thai  reaching  eye 
His  soot  reached  out  rrotn,  far  and  Ii^li, 

Aud  ftll  from  inner  entity. 

And  Schiller,  with  heroic  front 
Worthy  of  Plutarch's  kiss  upon  'I — 
Too  lar^e  for  wreath  of  modem  vont. 

AndChaneer,  with  his  infantiiie 
Fanijliar  riasp  of  things  divine — 
That  mark  apoa  his  lip  is  wine. 

Here  Millon'i  eye*  strike  piercing-dim ! 
The  shapes  oTinns  and  Maia  did  swim 
Like   clouds    from    them,  and    grvated 

God  for  sole  vision  I    CowTry,  there. 

Whose  active  fiDCf  debonaire 

Drew  straws  like  amber— foal  to  fair. 


On  Ariosto's,  till  they  ran 

Their  locks  in  one !— The  Italian 

flbot  nirohler  heat  of  bolder  man  Drayton  and  Browne, — with  amfles  Oej 

Tima  his  Bne  lids.  And  Dante  stern 
Aad  sweet,  whose  spirit  was  an  um 
For  wine  aod  milk  poured  ant  in  turn. 

Hard-muled  AIGcri;  and  fancy- willed 
Boiaido,— who  with  laughters  filled 
Tba  panses  of  the  jostl^  shield. 

And  Bemi,  with  a  hand  ctrelcbed  out 
To  sleek  tbal  storm !  And  not  without 
Tbt  WTcatb  be  died  is,  and  the  doubt 

He  died  by,  Tasso  I  bard  and  lover, 
VboSe  Tisions  were  loo  thin  to  cover 
Thm  face  of  a  false  woman  over. 

And  soft  Racine, — and  grave  Comeille —    . 
ne  orator  of  rhymes,  whose  wail 
faree  shook  his  purple  I    And  PetrBich 

Vbo  frtun  his  bninlit  heart  hatb  tbinwn 
A  thoQsand  thoughli  beseatb  the  sun, 
£ftek  perfnmed  with  the  name  of  One. 

Aad  Camoens,  witb  tbal  look  he  had, 
CsMpdliag  India's  Genius  sad 
Ftan  tka  wave  thcvngh  the  Lnsiadj 

With  Bmmais  oTa  purple  ocean 

bdrawB  in  vibrative  emotion 

AloBK  the  verse!    And  while  demlion 

b  U*  wild  eyra  fantastic  Aoae 
Belwttn  the  brighi  ewU  blown  npo* 
Br  ain  edettial, . .  CaMcraa  I 


Tie  world  was  worthy  of  such  men. 

And  Burns,  with  pongent  pafaioniogs 
Set  in  bis  eyes.     Deep  lyrie  springs 
Are  of  the  fire-mount's  isiuii^s. 

And  fibelley,  in  his  white  idea). 

All  stalne-blind ;  and  Keats,  the  real 

Adonis,  wilb  tbe  hymeneal 


£a  his  Home-grave,  by  Venus  queen. 

And  poor,  prmd  Byron — sad  as  graft 
And  salt  aa  life  1  forlonly  brave. 
And  quivering  with  the  ^rt  be  drava. 

And  vismnary  Colerid^ie,  who 

Did  sweep  hi*  Ihoogbt*  as  angel*  do 

Their  wings,  with  cadence  np  the  Bine. 

lleae  poets  faced  (and  other  more) 
The  iHbted  altar  booming  o'er 
The  chnidB  of  ioeenae  dim  and  Mart 

And  atl  th«r  faees  m  Ibe  Isll 
Ofaalnat  things,  kxAed  woodaftl 
With  life  and  death  and  deatblcM  idsL. 


AjOOgIc 


Tit  Pemt  of  Elimtelh  Barrett. 


All  Mill  u  stone,  and  yet  inlente; 

As  if  by  spirit's  rehetneaee 

Tbu  sloae  were  csTred,  mni  not  by  senie. 

All  still  snd  calm  ss  stslac-sloae  I 
Tbe  liTe  lay  coiled  snTDrgime 
Up  in  the  awfal  eyes  slone. 

And  Bon;  its  length  oat  Ihrongh  Ibe  air 

Into  whste«er  eyes  shoold  dsre 

To  front  tbem — Awfhl  sbspes  and  fair ! 

Bot  where  the  heart  of  each  should  best, 
Tbere  seemed  s  wound  instead  of  it, 
From  whence  tbe  blood  dropped  lo  their 


Drop  afler  drop — dropped  heavily. 
As  century  follows  century 
Into  deep  eteroily." 

We  have  quoted  this  at  length  :  have 
been  anxious  to  lose  nut  ■  word  of  il : 
U  one  of  Ibe  finest  pieces  of  criticism 
io  the  lanRUsge  :  or  rather  of  delicate 
critical  and  pnetical  sympathy — wliere 
subtle  SDd  comprehensive  learning  sre 
made  to  look  unpedantic,  and  pneticail 
description  is  reiufiirced  by  a  '  learn- 
ed spirit  of  dealing.'  These,  ye  poets 
«f  this  new  world,  are  the  shrioes  lo 
look  to — these  the  men  that  have  the 
tnie  gin  of  tongues — and  this  the  spirit 

which  grsat  things  are  leverencad 


in  for. 


Id  all  that  roll  there  is  no  small 
jisme,  no  petty  tinkler's  glory  mads 
mnch  of;  sud  enskied  under  these, how 
shonld  the  apirit  grow,  and  seek  to 
make  itself  at  home  among  grand  and 
beautiful  and  enduring  conceptions. 
The  philosophy  and  illastration  by 
which  this  admirable  passage  is  intro- 
doced  and  succeeded  are  excellent — 
foil  of  subtle  soggeations  and  fine  ana- 
logies, and  a  cunscioasness  of  a  right 
to  speak  on  tbe  part  of  the  author. 
Then,  with  another  of  the  ballads, 
'the  Rhyme  of  the  Sachess  of  May,' 
striking,  and  effective  and  eharacter- 
istie — we  come  npon  a  little  piece  of  an 
altogether  different  spirit — the  manage- 
ment of  which  shows  how  great  iodi- 
vidaslily  of  powet  to  tbe  poet  may 
oTermaater  the  plainest  and  cDmmonest 
material. 


"THE  LADY'S  YES.' 

"Tes["  I  answered  you  lait  night; 

"  No  I"  this  morning.  Sir,  I  say  t 
Colors,  seen  by  candle-light, 

Will  not  look  the  same  by  day. 

When  the  tabori  played  their  beat. 
Lamps  above,  and  laagbs  below — 

ZoBt  nu  sounded  like  a  jest. 
Fit  fur  Yat  or  fit  for  A'o  / 

Call  me  ftilse,  or  call  me  free- 
Vow,  whatever  light  may  (bine, 

No  man  on  thy  fsceshsU  see 
Any  grief  for  cbange  on  mine. 

Vet  tbe  sin  is  on  at  both — 
Timetodanceisnotto  woo — 

Wooer  liftht  makes  fickle  lroth-~ 
Scorn  of  nu  recoils  on  jm  I 

Learn  lo  win  a  lady's  faith 
nobly,  as  the  thing  is  high  ; 

Bravely,  «a  for  life  and  deatb— 
With  a  loyal  gravity. 

Lead  her  from  the  festive  boards. 
Point  her  to  tbe  starry  skies, 

Gnard  her,  by  yonr  Irnthful  words. 
Pare  from  courtship's  dalteries. 

By  yonr  trath  the  shall  be  Irn^- 
Ever  Ime,  as  wives  of  yore — 

And  her  ¥a,  once  said  to  yon, 
Shau.  be  Yes  for  evermoR." 

Passing  by  two  or  three  minor  poems, 
each  good  in  its  kind,  we  hear  "The 
Cry  of  the  Children,"  a  noble  antt 
stirring  supplication,  rising  from  the 
very  depths  of  the  poet's  soul,  tn  every 
other  true  aoul  in  the  realm,  and  in  the 
world.  It  is  known  ihmughout  Ameri- 
ca, snd  we  only  dwell  npon  it,  to  mark 
the  pathetic  trnth  in  the  career  of  the 
little  overworked  factory-child,  that  the 
morning  comes  at  last,  for  eome  it 

■'  From  the  sleep  wherein  she  lieth,  none 

will  waken  her. 
Crying,  '  Get  up,  little  Alice  1  it  is  day," 


*It  U  to  the  credit  of  Ma.  OaAHjus's  Magasine  at  Philadelphia,  where  this  p 
originally  appeared,  tlial  it  was  the  first  to  publish  in  this  country  an  original . 
daction  of  Mis*  Barrett't )  and  that  fVoai  time  to  time  others  of  her  writings  hav*      /-  ~- 
Decn  by  that  means  widely  circulated  thnngh  Ike  UnUcd  Stales. 


Google 


yt9.  The  Poemt  ofElizabtth  Barrett.  [Oct. 

"AlldaT.  lhewh««laMe  droning,  loni-  coatoni,  on  the  ground  of  hiAest  apir- 

ing,—  itnality   «.[ri  refinement.     Tiie»e    cop- 

Their  wind  come*  in  oar  faces, —  eluding  poems  are  mostly   written    in 

Till  var  hearU  torn, — our   hea4s,  willi  the   manner    of   pieces   which     occur 

pulses  burning,  earlier  in  the  Tolumes  ;  have  ber  osuai 

And  the  waits  [urn  in  their  places—  characteristic  a,  and  sustain  the   coUec- 

Turns  the  skj  in  the  high  window  blanlt  ^^^^  ^^  ^■^^  ^^^ 

and  reeling—                      .^j  _™  And   now  that  we  have  arrived  at  a. 

Tunsthelonglightlhatdroppetbdown  ^^^^  ^^^^^   we  aeem   called  upon   to 

Ajid  all  day  the  iron  wheels  are  droning ;  a  spirit  of  profound  de»otion  to  her  »rt. 

And  sometimes  we  could  pr«r,  reverent  of  its  great   master*  ;    slciUed 

<0  ye  wheels'    <hrealung  out  in  a  mad  in  the   appliances  which  do   not  make 

mosnint;),  poetry,   but  without  which  no  poetry 

'  Stop  1  be  silent  for  to-day  t' "  can  be  made,  and  wielding  these  snc- 

cessfulij     through    a  Taried    tract  of 

tnd   sustained  as  well  in  what  ensuea.  different     styles,     topics,    and      mea- 

'Crownedand Weddedj'and'Crown-  tures.     She  is  indiTidual,  distinet,  ftad 

ed  end  Buried,'  are  counterparta  to  each  peculiar  in  what  she  does,  and  separat- 

other,  the  one  being  a  graceful  rend-  ed   from   every  other   poet  of  the   day 

'  «ring  of  paa«agee  in  the  life  of  Victoria  by  leading  characteristics.     In  aid  of 

I.,  and  the  otber  a  powerful  conunen-  this,  which  is  the  spirit  of  her   labors, 

tary  on  the  career  of  Napdeon ;  each  ne  find  her  in   command  of  a  rhythm 

of  which  is  eniitled  to  the  praise  of  u  well  as  a  rhvme  peculiar  to  heraelf: 

originality  ia  anbjeota  not  easily  treat-  frequently  employed,  and  almost  always 

od  with  freshness  and  spirit.     There  with  success.      Its  singularity     lying, 

are  many  lines  in  these  worth  quoting;  perhaps,   after    all,    in    the    extrems 

einphuic  and  pictnresqne.  subtillj  of  ber  power  of  aMoeiation,  in 

Then  a  charming  little  copy  of  Tersea  Tight  of  which  she   is   aceoelomod  to 

to  the  Poet's  Dog  ^ush,  the  gift  of  her  t^ea  wide  circuit  in  the  opening,  and 

'dear  and  admired  friend'  (whoso  dear  to  corns  in  from  a  great  distance  to 

and  admired  friend,  in  a  wider  sense,  is  conclude   ber  ineasare   io  some  alto- 

ahe  not)  'Miss  Miifoid.'    It  ia  a  hap-  gether  unexpected    form.'     To   this 

pinese  to  know  that  Flash  has  not  yet  should  be  added,  that  she  relies  greatly 

attained  the  age  of  baldness;  we  know  qq  nn  understood   fund  of  learning  in 

he  has  not  that  of  gravity,  for  the  poet  her  reader  ;  and  taxes  him,  close  and 

prompts  him  with  an  assurance,  frequent,  for    whatever    resources    of 

..Leapj-thybr^dtmlwaves. light,    ^^^ft^;^",^  ^"i?!,  ^^     U 

Le.p-lbo»e  tasseiled  ears  of  thine  •''«  deserjbes  things  by  their  essence, 

Flicker  strangely,  fair  and  fine,  """S  ""'  }>J   color.       Her   landscape* 

Down  their  golden  inches."  •re    ""    'no   """"l   projected  outward : 

not  drawn  close  to  the  mind  from  with' 

Then  we  have — hark  again!   "The  out.     But  in  the  midst  of  this  power- 

Cryof  theUaman,"toclasswilh"Tbe  ful tendency  of  her  intellect,  we  think 

Cry  of  the  Children ;"  fearful  and  ear-  we  discover  a  process  of  cooccntration 

nest,  and  full  of  power,  and  known  as  and  objectivity  goiog  on,  by  which  the 

widely  as  that.     "  Bertha  in  the  Lane,"  external  world  ia  acquiring  value  in  her 

Ctoral,  lender,  and  well  wrought  out,  eyes,  from  its  relations  to  the  world  of 

perhapenol  one  of  the  best.     "The  the  unseen.       Whatever    she   writes. 

Wine   of  Cyprus,"   spirited  and  ener-  is   supported   hy   a  profound  religious 

getic ;  and  other  minor  poems,  cloeing,  feeling — taking    most    frequently    the 

characterisltcally,   with    "  The    Dead  guise  of  a  certain   spicitualily   of  the 

Pan,"  io  answer  10  a  poem  of  Schiller's,  imagination — sometimes  obvious,  aome- 

ia  which  Miss  Barrett,  of  course,  adopts  times    concealed — hut   always    there, 

the  more  Ihoronghly  devotional  view  of  And  she  is  always  true  and  msgnani- 

tke  legend,  aitd  plants  herself,  as  is  her  moua  in  dealing  with  the  great  qualities 


gle 


ISU,]  Onthtlhalha/aFTieni'tChild.  377 

of  haman  natare,  sod  will  not  blind  and  ahonld  He^en  grut  bet  more  of 

her  cegatd,  for  say  resoon,  to  what  is  that  life  which  is  dealt  to  bei,  aa  we 

ezoellent  and  praiae-wonhf,  wherever  knotr,  so  feebly  now;  lead   her  forth 

it  liea.  ooce   TQore   into  the   green  fields,  and 

An  erainent  qoalitj  of  her  characlet  allow  her  once  more  to  stand  tindei  its 

we   take  to   be  truth,  and  the  lore  of  hiae  shelter,  out  of  the  disqoietude  and 

tmlh.     It  19  not  this,  altogether,  that  pain   and  short-coining  that  attend  on 

faae  made  her  a  poet ;  hot  it  is  this  that  the  lonely  hoose — we  know  riot  yfhat 

giTBB  her  poems  force  and  value.     She  we   might   not  prom iae   her    and  onr- 

vill  not  be  false  to  her  convictions  for  selvea  of  good  and  beautiful  and  troe. 

the   sake  of  a  fine  image ;   nor  wilt  But  why  do  we  aeem  to  repine  when 

she  fail  to  speak  her  mind,  though  it  Heaven  perchance  (no  doubt  it  has!) 

brioff  her  npon  a  bad  rhyme.     It   must  has  roeaaured  lo  her  and  to  us  its  fkir- 

not  M  understood  from  this  that  there  eat  measure,  letting  fall  grain  I^  grain, 

ia  an^hiag  like  hardness,    or  want  of  with  a  golden  cadence,  where  it  might 

paaaion  in  her  writings  :    they  are  full  have  spread  into  discord   and  nothing- 

of  passion,  but  passion  of  ■  peculiar  ness.    It  is  enough  for  us  to  know  that 

kind  :  the  passion  of  i  peculiar  nature,  here  is  a  true  advance  on  former  ea- 

subtly  moved  to  show  itself,  and  in  a  deavors  ;  and  that  enough  has  already 

subtle    utterance.      It  is  her  noblest  been  done  to  give  oar  friend  and  bene- 

praiaethat  ahebelonga  inspLiitandpnr-  factor  a  high  rank,  the   very   highest, 

pose,  to  the  great  aobool  of  writers  among  English  women  who  have  helped 

whose  praiae  she  has  so  well  spoken,  to  speed  our  English  tongue  thronghout 

Her  affections  are  troe  aixl  geoerous  ;  the  world  ! 


ON  THE  DEATH  OF  A  FRIEND'S  CHILD. 

BT  J.   ■■  LOWELL. 

DiATH  never  came  so  nigh  to  me  before, 
Nor  showed  me  his  mild  face  ;  0(1 1  had  mnaed 
Of  calm  and  peace  aod  deep  forgetfulness, 
or  folded  hands,  closed  eyes,  and  heart  at  rest. 
And  slumber  sound  beneath  a  flowery  turf, 
Of  faults  forgotten,  aod  ao  inner  place 
Kept  sacred  for  us  in  the  heart  of  friends ; 
Bat  these  were  idle  fancies,  satisfied 
With  the  mere  husk  of  this  great  Mjetety, 
And  dwelling  in  the  outward  shows  of  thmgs. 
Heaven  is  not  mouated  to  on  wings  of  dreams, 
Nordolhthe  unthankfal  happiness  of  youth 
Aim  thitherward,  but  floata  from  bloom  to  bloom, 
With  earth's  warm  patch  of  sunshine  well  content : 
Tis  sorrow  builds  the  shining  ladder  up 
Whose  golden  rounds  are  our  calamities. 
Whereon  our  firm  feet  planting,  nearer  God 
The  spirit  climbs,  and  haih  its  eyes  unsealed. 

Troe  is  it  tbat  Death's  face  seems  stern  and  cold, 

When  he  is  sent  to  summon  those  we  love. 

Bat  all  God's  angels  come  to  us  disguised  ; 

Sorrow  and  sickness,  poverty  aod  death, 

One  after  other  li<^  their  frowuiog  maeks, 

And  we  behold  the  seraph's  face  beoeath, 

All  radiant  with  the  glory  and  the  calm 

or  having  looked  upon  the  smile  of  God, 

With  every  anguish  of  our  earthly  past 

The  spirit'e  eight  grows  clearer ;  this  was  meant  ^  . 

When  Jeens  touched  the  blind  man's  lids  with  clay.  ,  utiz^d  -v  CjOOQ  IC 


lUe  H  tbe  jaJor.  Deid  ^m  He«l  aeat 

T*  itn«  the  mD«:l!ia7  bnlia  aad  ki  ^  frae. 
He  fl:a^  lat  ope  the  iTorr  gale  W  Bf , — 
Onif  tke  fi.:eii  spi.-u  kawrtf  U  ibac, — 
Bet  lA  bew^BR  tcipaa  bcekooa  ee, 
Te  <leatiiiie>  af  Bom  rewded  uU- 

Ja  (k«  bnalwil  ehe»bcT.  vnilBg  br  the  dea< 
It  rm<M  oe  as  to  beu  ihe  And  of  tiTs 
WniH  roalliii^  oaward,  leaacieaa  of  ear  loH. 
The  bee  hatna  oa :  inxiiuf  the  bl  '    ' 


Whirrs  the  l:g^l  hcmmiag-b^cii  ;  the  cricket  cUi]^; 

The  bjemt'i  sbrUlaUnm  iiifizsUie  ev; 

Rxrrl  bf,  tb«  cock  thmts  loatiij  ;   from  Eum  ts  bna. 

His  cbeerr  brtxben,  ccilmg  ai  tbe  kib, 

AiMwer,  tiJl  (ti  amT  the  juTioce  dia ; 

We  aerer  kae*  befJre  bos 'God  bad  Oed 

TIk  mmmer  airwiib  happy  [iTiog  caands  ; 

Aod  jet  the  ooe  dear  beart  lies  eotd  aad  ttilL 

It  i*  dMMt  tlnage,  when  the  great  Uiraele 

Hath  tot  oar  aake*  been  done :  when  we  have  had 

Onr  iawardeat  experience  of  God, 

When  «ith  bia  preaeace  Mill  the  immi  ezpaada. 

And  ia  awed  afi«r  bim,  thai  naoghl  ia  changed. 

That  Natoie'a  bee  looka  Baackaowledgiag, 

And  (be  md  world  Mill  daaeea  heedleaa  on 

After  it>  bnlterfiea,  and  firea  no  ngh. 

Tu  bard  at  first  la  aee  it  all  arigbt ; 

Id  Tain  Faith  Mowa  her  iniiap  to  aanttDoa  back 

Her  tcatlered  troop ;  jet,  IfaroDgh  the  elooded  glaM 

Of  oat  own  biUer  tean,  we  Icara  to  look 

Uodazaled  on  the  kiodneaa  of  God'i  face  ; 

Sanh  ia  too  dark,  aod  Hearen  alooe  ahioiea  Ibrangti. 

Row  ehanged,  dear  friend,  are  ihj  pari  and  tlij  ebiU^! 

He  bead*  above  thf  cradle  now,  or  bolda 

Hia  warning  finger  oat  to  be  thj  gnide ; 

Thoa  art  Ibe  nursling  now ;  be  waicfaes  tbee 

Slow  learning,  one  bj  oae,  ibe  secret  ihiDga 

Which  ire  to  bim  nted  sights  of  ererj  daj; 

He  smiles  to  see  thj  wonderiag  glances  coo 

The  grass  aod  pebbles  of  the  spirit-world, 

To  thee  iDiraealotts ;  aod  he  will  leach 

Tbj  koeea  their  dne  oboeriatvees  of  prajer. 

Childten  are  God's  apostles,  daj  bj  dsj. 
Sent  fonh  to  preach  of  lore,  and  hope,  and  peace  ; 
Noi  hatb  thj  babe  bis  misami  left  ondone. 
To  me,  at  least,  bis  going  haooe  bsih  gittm 
Sereoer  thongfata  aixl  nearer  to  the  skiea, 
And  opened  a  new  fonntain  in  an  heart 
For  thee,  mj  friend,  and  all :  and  oh,  if  Death 
More  Dear  spproacbes,  raediiaicB,  and  clasps 
Even  now  some  dearer,  more  reluctant  band, 
God,  stren^hen  thou  mj  faith,  that  I  maj  see 
'    That  'tis  ihine  angel  who,  with  loving  baste, 
UpIo  the  service  of  the  inner  shrine 
Doth  waken  ih j  beloved  with  a  kiaa ! 

CmMdgt,  Matt.,  Stpt.  id.  1844. 

Digitized  bvGoOl^IC 


1844.]  A  LtUtr  U  Tarmar  Ittvskm. 


A    LJITTER    TO    FARMEH    ISSACHAB. 

FuKiTD  IsBicHiB :  I  find  in  ;oar  lei-  '\u%  ui  for  whet  thej  are  MiH  willing  to 

ler*  to  me  lately  a  good  deal  of  com-  take.     When  men  argae  thus,  it  ■•  be- 

plaint  of  hard  times ;  and  1  havB  heard  oanBc  thej  have  a  sinister  interest  to 

the  aame  aort  of  language  from  aome  of  advance ;  it  is  not  Trutli,  nor  the  pab- 

yoar  neighbors,  who  have  come  to  aee  lin  good  they  are  aeeking ;  init  prtiate, 

ma  here.     1  think  you  have  some  rea-  personal,  or  parly  objeeii,     Commerc* 

son  to  complain ;  fur  ihe  eiiaiing  stale  it  the   vital  principle   which  Gort  him' 

of  things  is  contrived  expreealy  to  put  aelf  ba«  breathed  into  haman  aocieiy, 

one   harden  upon   yon  when  you  buy,  at  once  to  animate  and  unite  it.     As  he 

and  another  when  yon   sell.     Every-  has  eatabllahed  heat  in  one  part  of  nur 

thing  yoQ  want  to  buy  is  advanced  in  globe,  and  cold  in  another,  that  whole- 

Srice,  everythLng  you  have  to  sell  is  re-  some  winds  mav  blow  to  and  fro,  and 

noed.     Tliree  year*  ago,  a  barrel  of  noxious  vapors  be  scattered;  so  he  baa 

floor  would  sell  for  five  dollars:  and  created  demands  here,    and    anppliea 

five  dollars  would  bay  yon  eighty  yards  there,    that     wholesome     intercourse 

of  sixpenny  muslin ;   but  now  the  flour  might  dissipate  hatreds  and  prejadiaoB, 

gnea  for  funr  dollars  and  the  muslin  is  and  good  will  grow  up  out  of  mnraal 

up  to  niaepenee  ;  so  you  only  get  about  beneSts.     Commerce  is  the  great  an- 

ferty-tbree   yards,  instead  of  eighty,  tagonist  of  war,  and  snpersedes  it  ex- 

Tbie    process,  niany  times  repeated,  actly  in  proportion  aa  the  world  grow* 

makes  the  deficiency  you   complain  of  wiserandmore  civilized.     And  France 

at  the  end  of  (he  year.     It  has  been  a  and  Husaiaat  this  moment,  the  two  na- 

Krt  of  your  employment  to  turn  flour,  tions   of  the  earth    which   are     most 

sf,  pork,  cfieese,  lard,  hay,  com,  and  besotted   with   the  restrictioa   ayatem, 

oata,  into  woollens,  calicoes,  salt,  sugar,  are  at  the  same  time  those  who  are 

molaasee,  and  iron  or  iron  instruments ;  most  mad  fur  military   ^ory ;  the  two 

and  the  employment  of  your  repreaen-  moat   dangeroua  armed   bailies  of  the 

tativea  in  Congress  has  been,  to  confine  Eumpean  continent.     In  France,  the 

your    markets,    and  make    all    theae  tariff  doctrine  originated  near  two  cea- 

exohanges     diaadvantageous  for   yon.  tariea  ago,  under  the  conquering  oox* 

They  are  now   employed,  these  men  enmb,   Louia   XIV.      He   wished  his 

and  their  accomplices,  in  endeavoring  kingdom  to  be  "independent  of  foreign 

to  persuade  you  that  this  loss  is  to  be  a  nationa,"  in  other  words,  independent 

benefit     to     you ;    and     that     it    has  of   the   bleasings   of   peace,   that    he 

always  been  the  great  object  of  the  might  more  freely  follow  out  by  war, 

laivi  ia  qaeation  toraise  yoo  npa  home  hia   schemea   of   aelf-aggrandiiemenl. 

market,  which  i>  to  be  better  than  the  Roasia  acts  now  from  the  same  feeling; 

foreign  markets  they  cut  off.     Indeed,  bat  in  France  the  nonsense  which  has 

they  go  fnrther  occaaiooally,  and  aa-  deeoeoded  from  Louis  XIV.,  ia  perpet- 

■ert  that  you  do  not,  or  need  not,  lose  aated  by  Louis  Philippe,  for  another 

tbe  foreign  market  by  these  laws ;  ihey  reason,  as  well  as  for  the  old  one.     He 

•ay  that  yoa  are  cat  off  from  foreign  himself,  one  of  the  richeat  men  in  the 

miiketa  by  the  legislation  of  foreign  world,  is  a  great  owner  of  foreals,  ca«l 

Wioos,  and  that  our  laws  are  merely  and  iron  mines ;  and  the  price  of  fuel 

retaliatory.     They  say  that  free  trade  and  iron  must  he  kept  ap,   beeanae  it 

oo|{ht  to  be  leciprocu  ;  and  argne  in  enrichea  the  king.     Many  a  poor  crea- 

sflbet,   that   if  foreigners    are    foola  ture  dies  in  consequence  every  winter, 

snoogh  to  destroy  one  half  of  it,  we  of  diaease  produced  h;  cold,  or  of  ae- 

aie  wise  to   destroy  the  other  half,  tnal  freezing.     England  is  at  hand  with  . 

Foreign  nationa  refuae  to  lake  certain  coal  plenty  \  but  they  roust  not  touch 

eommodiliea ;  we  wish  to  sell  to  ifaem ;  it ;  and  a  poor  wood  fire  in  the  city  ^ 

tbetefare,  say  diese  reatriotionists  in  Paris,  costs  the  wages  of  a  poor  me- 

eSMl,let  DseutoflTtheiimeanaof  pay-  chanic's  work.  CjOO^  Ic 


Mt  A  Lelttr  la  Farmer  luachat,  [Oct. 

Eoglani]  is  growing  niaer;  there  the  port,  in  any  shape,  ne  may  keep  it 

ajstem  ia  to  a  great   extent  cast  off;  there  in  bond,  as  long  aa  we  please,  free 

but  lords  and  rich  men,  and  great  land  of  charge ;  and  maj  aupply  their  own 

owners  bsTe  still  power  enough  tu  tas  ships,  and  si!  other  ships  in  theii  ports, 

Soar  flour,  though  that  power  will  soon  wiu  their  sea  ptavisious,  nat&xed. 
e  taken  from  them.  Grain  and  Bour,  Contraat  this  vith  out  own  govem- 
and  tobacco,  ace  still  heavily  taxed,  ment,  which  refases  to  allow  the  dflty 
but  all  our  other  productions,  wilh  the  to  be  paid  back  on  the  coal  which  a, 
sole  exception,  I  belieTe,  of  timber,  are  steamer  carriea  oat  to  aaa  from  our 
at  moderate  reveoue  rates  of  duty,  ports.  Contrast  this,  and  ash  yourself. 
Timber  is  kept  too  high,  but  will  fall  if  these  restrictionists  are  sincerawhea 
with  the  fall  of  the  corn  laws ;  tobacco  they  say  they  would  be  satisfied  with 
is  not  protected,  but  taxed  for  revenue  leoiprooity.  Why  do  they  not  recipro- 
only.  So  far  indeed  is  England  from  cate  this  I  And  why  do  they  reject 
protecting  tobacco  at  home,  that  she  the  German  reciprocity  treaty  1  vhieh 
does  not  even  permit  its  growth ;  and  woold  triple  our  trade  with  thirty  mU- 
tha  man  who  Bhould  plant  an  acre  of  it,  lions  of  population ! 
iroald  see  it  pulled  up  by  a  revenne  of-  But  let  us  look  a  moment  at  the  of- 
ficer, and  would  besides  tnffer  a  heavy  fects  si  homeof  these  endeavors  to  {wo- 
fioG.  But  cotton  pays  one  cent  &  tect  the  home  market ;  it  is  aickeaipg' 
pound  duty,  rice  about  the  same,  pork  to  repeat  this  nauseous  and  bypoeriii> 
two  cents,  beef  four,  dried  fiah  half  a  cal  csnt ;  it  is  siekeoinK  to  think  tttmt 
oeot,  beeswax  half  aceqt,  lard  half  a  the  boasted- energy  of  American  mer- 
cent,  butter  four  cents,  cheese  two  chants  and  gentlemen  has  desceaded  so 
oests,  and  so  on.  As  to  manufactured  low  as  to  use  it ;  that  the  good  old  time* 
goods,  ahe  is  liberal  enough  ;  cottons  are  past  when,  in  a  free  land,  evaij 
sod  woollens  pay  ten  to  Sbeea  per  man  stood  up  for  freedom,  and  asked  a 
cent.,  and  roaae-up  clothes  and  some  clear  field  and  no  &vor — for  hia  osm 
sxeepted&ne  articles,  twenty,  which  is  talents  and  enterprise.  Protectkni  ia 
Uiebigbeatrate.  Silk  goods,  twenty  to  the  principle  of  a  donkey  race,  where 
thirty.  men  expect  to  win,  not  more  by  the  ex- 
Bot,  my  good  friend,  while  you  are  ertions  of  the  beasts  they  Ade,  than  by 
witicising  these  rales  ofduty,  snd  find-  the  pulls  at  the  tail  and  blows  over  the 
ing  fault  about  grain  and  flour,  you  face  they  oan  contrive  to  deal  to  ihniKi 
must  bear  one  thing  in  mind.  England  of  their  oompetitars.  Protection  is  the 
makes  these  laws  only  for  Great  Bri-  narrow,  envious  notion  of  people  who 
tain  and  Ireland,  some  thirty  millions  of  think  all  prosperity  not  tbeiie,  ia  ao 
people ;  but  she  rules  over  a  hundred  much  injery  and  loss  to  Ihem  ;  who  do 
oaillions  more  in  different  parts  of  the  not  know,  or  do  not  believe,  that  in 
world;  with  many  of  whom  she  allows  commercial  matters  thelargestguiscou- 
oa  a  free  trade,  not  collecting  for  her-  ty  is  the  truest  policy ;  and  restiictions 
self  any  revenae  from  it  at  all.  The  are  a  stinting  of  seed  com,  which  aball 
Tarioua  colonies  on  the  coast  of  Africa,  sorely  be  rued  at  harvest  home.  Bat  it 
for  instance,  tske  large  quantities  of  suits  their  temporary  purpose  and  sel- 
oor  produce  at  duties  laid  for  their  own  Ssh  views  to  shut  out  onr  impart  ttada ; 
colonial  revenues,  and  which  are  mo-  to  coaflne  us  all  to  the  homa-marku; 
dsrate  and  fair ;  indeed,  in  most  eases,  and  now  let  us  proceed  to  the  results, 
very  light.  And  the  port  of  Gibraltar,  The  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  sets 
at  the  gates  of  the  Mediterranean,  ia  acme  of  ihem  before  you,  in  his  aonoal 
open  to  OUT  trade  free  of  all  duty,  a  report;  he  shows  you  that,  in  the  year 
convenisnce  by  which  we  profit  largely,  ending  30th  June,  1943,yousentabroad 
and  it  is  kept  up  for  ns  and  for  all .  na-  eight  millions  of  doUara  less  value  of 
tione,  free  of  cost,  at  the  expense  of  forest  and  farming  products  than  in  the 
Great  Britain.  But  further,  and  more  year  preceding.  What  became  of  all 
than  this.  We  may  and  do  carry  our  this  difference  I  It  remained  at  home 
wheat  lo  England,  grind  it  there,  bake  to  encumber  the  home  market;  and  not 
it  there  into  bread,  and  sell  it  in  their  only  this  amount,  hut  also  all  tbs  in- 
rivers  to  their  ships,  going  out  to  sea,  crease  which  this  country  produced  in 
fne  ofduty.  We  osonot  enter  it  for  IBIS  over  itsprodoclions  in  1841.  We 
borne  consumption,  except  when  the  exported,  in  1841-S,  twenty-two  mit 
bome  prices  are  very  high  ;  but  for  ex-  lions  of  doUara  of  such  prodnoe ;  u9 


oogic 


1844.]                              A  LilUr  to  Famtr  luaekar.  zn 

in  1B43-3,  tn  ongfat  natnnllr  to  bsTe  corresponiltiig  to  (he  eontinned  de- 
exported  tventy-tbrae,  if  exporu  hod  ntij^ament  of  the  roirkets  here,  to  th« 
increased  u  fast  u  prodaetion  does,  injurjandiossof  tbe  tarmei,  and  tolhe 
iNine  inilliuna  of  dollan  worth  of  yonr  adTantage  of  ihe  manufacturing'  capi- 
commodities  were  thus  kept  upon  this  lalistandof  theholdersoffactory  itocb. 
market  in  competition  with  you;  for  Let  us  see  now  what  effect  thia  over- 
instead  of  twenty-three,  we  only  ez-  atock  of  nine  millions  unsold  farming 
ported  fourteen,  la  itany  wonderthat  produce  ought  naturallj  tu  prodnce 
a  fall  of  prices  was  the  consequence?  upon  the  markets  here.  Itiaestimat- 
Bot  the  case  beoomes  atill  worse  ed  that  the  whole  annual  raloe  of  Iho 
when  we  consider  what  has  been  going  crops  of  the  United  States  is  about  400 
OD  at  the  South,  where  we  expect  na-  mitlions,  from  which  a  hundred  may  be 
tnrallj  our  Northern  and  Western  farm-  deducted  for  cotton,  tobacco,  Eugar,  and 
era  should  sell  something ;  and  at  the  rice.  There  remains  300  milTiona  in 
£ast,  where  they  must  s«ll  what  they  articles  of  Northern  produce  for  con- 
oan,  and  where  thej  are  hereafier  to  be  snmplion  and  sale  ;  and  if  we  export 
forced  to  buy.  The  exports  of  tobacco  twenty-three,  there  will  be  S77  for 
fell  off  nearly  five  millions ;  and  though  home  consumption.  Now  the  agricul- 
cotton  increased  nearly  two,  yet  there  tural  population  itself  ia  five-sixths  of 
is  a  balance  of  diminution  of  three  mil-  the  whole  popnlation,  and  of  conne 
lions  and  more  in  the  exports  of  the  must  be  supposed  to  consume  Gve-aixth* 
South.  And  this  diminution  falls  npon  of  the  whole  home  eonsurap'liun.  If  it 
an  article  for  which  no  new  home  raar-  therefore  consumes  five-sixths  of  377 
kel  has  been  opened  ;  for  if  the  export  millions,  there  will  remain  about  forty- 
of  cotton  had  diminished,  it  might  be  six  millions  for  Ihe  other  sixth:  and 
■aid  it  was  the  home  demand  that  had  this  is  the  amount  which  the  farmer 
taken  it  np.  There  is  no  room  for  such  has  for  sale  to  the  manufacturer,  the 
»  pretence  about  tobacco:  there  is  a  merchant,  and  the  rest  of  the  non-agri- 
olear  loss  of  foreign  market  for  fire  cultural  population,  provided  he  ez- 
miliions  of  dollars  worth  of  that  article  ;  porta  twenty-three  miDiona.  But  ifyoa 
and  to  that  extent,  the  tobacco  planters  atop  this  export,  you  increase  this  home 
are  disabled  from  buying  your  flour  stock ;  and  we  have  seen  that  in  the 
and  provisions,  and  are  forcibly  pal  upon  first  year  of  the  present  tariff  such  s 
Tsistng  them  fortheraselves.  There  is  stoppage  of  exports,  to  the  extent  of 
a  lose  to  them  and  a  loss  to  you  ;  and  nine  millions,  did  take  place,  and,  cod- 
mch  a  loss  as  makes  a  very  essential  sequently,  the  farmers  had  to  sell  to  the 
element  of  the  hard  times,  of  which  yon  rest  of  their  feltow-citixens  fifty-five 
are  at  present  complaining.  millions  instead  of  forty-six. 

If  you  look  to  the  Eastern  Slates,  Is  it  woaderfal  that  his  prices  were 
Ttm  will  see  the  effect  which  your  auf-  reduced  1  Yon  are  not  afoo),  friend  Is> 
BniagB  prodnce  on  that  manufacturing  sachar,  diough  the  tariff  argument  pre- 
clasa  for  whoae  present  benefit  they  aumes  you  one  ;  you  know  very  well 
are  eapeeially  inflicted.  You  will  see  that  an  addition  of  nearly  a  quarter  to 
that,  instead  of  sending  abroad  nine  the  whole  stock  on  hand  in  the  market, 
millions  and  a  half  of  mannfacturiDg  muatneceBsarilybringpricesdown;  and 
produce,  as  in  1841-9,  we  sent  in  if  you  did  not  know  this  principle,  ;on 
1B43-3  only  five  and  a  quarter ;  and  are  made  now  to  feel  its  truth  in  the 
this  for  the  obvious  reason  that  the  ad-  existing  state  of  facts.  Fifteen  mil- 
Taoceof  prices  here  made  it  mnch  more  lions  of  people  in  these  United  Staiea 
profitable  to  sell  you  the  other  four  are  engaged  in  agricnltare ;  three  mil- 
millions  than  to  ship  them.  The  rest  lions  only  in  all  other  pursuits,  and  it 
ofthe  world  was  nniouohed  by  onr  tariff,  is  a  very  large  estimate  indeed  if  we 
and  would  not  pay  that  advance  of  price  suppose  that  of  these  three  millicws  one 
to  which  jou  have  been  forced  to  sub-  half  are  engaged  in  such  mechanical  or 
mit.  The  home  market  thus  obtained  manufacturing  pursuits  aa  can  derive 
tfae  preference,  and  paid  well  for  it;  any  encouragement  from  a  tariff.  Now 
though  the  advance  of  prices  since  the  ibis  one  half  of  three  millions,  this  nil- 
tarm  of  this  report  of  the  secretary  has  lion  andahalf  of  individuals,  supposing 
been  still  much  greater,  and  we  may  them  to  be  so  many,  must  constitute 
look  to  see  in  the  report  to  June,  1844,  the  portion  ofthe  home  matliet  to  which 
a  proportionate  effect  npon  the  export*  the  tariff  ia  to  bring  an  inorease,  whieli 


Goog  ( 


IBS  A  Ulttr  t»  Tamm  Ittaehtf.  [O  cL 

U  to  componMte  tha  htmtt  for  being    tiiis  dindruuge ;  and  bfl  does  not  seiid 
eot  off  from  M  ihe  niarkeu  of  the    hia  vnael  till  floor  ftlle  low  enoagit 
world.     Fat  heavy  duly  on  importa  is,    heie  to  enable   him   to  pot   >   doable 
in  f&ct  and  id  truth,  a  tax  on  eiporla    froight  npoo  it  and  still  get  a  profit  in 
also :   and  the  farmer  ta  just  u  much    Spain.     A  man  in  England  makes  tfae 
cut  off  from  the  marlcela  of  England  by    aams   calcuUtion  ;    there  vas   s   time 
a  tariff  here  of  fifty  or  a  hundred  per    when  a  veaael  coming  hitbei  from  E^g' 
cent,  on  coal  and  iron  and  salt,  aa  he    kod  could  obtain  plentiful   freights   of 
would  be  if  we  put  the  tariff  at  once    many  articles  now  in  effect  prohibited, 
npon  the  exportation  of  beef  and  catn    Coal,  iron,  salt,  woollen  and  cotton  ma- 
and  flour.     Perhaps  you  do  not  imms-     nufactures,  and  thouaaoda  of  other  pro- 
diately  apprehend  this  ;  many  persona    ducts   of    that  workshop   of   nationa, 
do  Doi;  but  1  will  proceed  to  make  it    were  offered  on  all  hands ;   but  now 
indisputably  clear  to  you.     And  if  I    none.    Some  fine  aTtieles  not  yet  anffi- 
eaceced  in  doing  this,  I  wish  you  to    cienily  protected  are  still  sent ;  but  the 
come  back  to  these  figures,  and  to  ob-    bulky  ones  which  used  to  pay    ih« 
Mrre,  that  as  the  farmers  and  planters    freights  are  excluded ;  and  the  number 
are  fil^een  millions  and  the  maaulae-    of  ahips  that  come   hilherward  ne»rW' 
lurers  at  the  very  utmost  only  a  million    or  quite  empty  is  so   great  thftt   tbeu 
and  a  half,  the  proportion  is  at  beat  one    freights  are  brought  down  lo  a  aoag. — 
manufacturer  to  every  ten  farmers  and    The  thing  is  now  notorious  and  ia  na- 
planters.     And  the  proposition  to  raise    deretood  on  all   hands,    and   whoever 
np  a  home  market  for  our  surplus  prod-    now  desires  to  ship  cotton,  or  oil,  or 
nee  that  ought  to  be  exported   is,   in    flour,  or  anything  else  from  here  to  an 
&ot,  a  proposal  to  enable   this  one  ma-     European  port,  must  pay  a  freight  oat- 
nufacturer  to  absorb  the  whole  surplus    ward  sufficient  to  defray  tfae  additional 
of  these  ten  farmers  and  planters ;  to    expense  of  bringing  home  an  empty 
raise  the  prices  of  hia  productions  and    ship.     In   other  words,  he   most    pey 
reduce  the  prices  of  theirs,  until  every-    double  freight  by  reason  of  oui  oppre*- 
thing  they  can  possibly  dispense  with    aive  tariff.     Arid  it  is  a  notorious  fact 
shall  pass  into  his  handa  without  com-    any  time  these  two  yean,  that  freigbta 
petition, for  whatever  be  thinks  fit  lo    from   this   eoontry   to   Europe  are  at 
give  them.    Such  is  the  narrow  and    pretty  high   rates,  while  those  from 
selfish  design,  but  auch  will  not  be  ez-     Europe  hither  are  merely  nominal :  ao 
actly  the  effect.     1  shall  consider  by    that  some  of  our  great  Liverpool  paek- 
Mid  by  of  the  nliimaie  tendencies  of  the    et  ships  have  been  known  to  come 
exisling  state  of  things,  but  just  now  I    home  with  less  than  five  hundred  dol- 
retura  to  my  proposition,  that  a  tax  on    lars  freight ;  and  the  same  thing  haa 
imporla  is  also  a  tax  on  exports  in  its    bappened  in  the  Havre  line.     Theae 
lesulta,  and  this  I  shall  proceed  lo  prove.    vobmIs,  however,  make  so  much  mon^ 
Nobody  will  deny  thai    the    tariff   bj    passengers,    that    they    will    sJ- 
ehacks    and    diminishes     importation,    ways  keep  going  with  inch  freigbta  aa 
and  whoever  admits  that  it  does  so,    they  can  get ;  and  to  the  two  porta  of 
will  see  that  oonsequeotly  ahipa  com-    Liverpool  and  Havre,  the  freights  both 
ing  to  America  from  countries  whose    wajs  are  kept  at  inodetate  rates  bj 
productions  cannot  afford  our  duties,    this  oircnmstance.     Al  this  inomeat 
most  find  a  deficiency  in  freights.     A    also,   the  packets  are  getting  a  har- 
person    residing  at  Cadix    therefore,    vest  of  home  freights,  by  Ihe  moinea- 
and  desiring  to  send  hither  a  vessel  to    tary  flood  of  the  finer  articles  of  foreign 
bring  back  a  cargo  of  our  flour,  finds    manufacture,  which  are  enlmsted  u- 
tbat  he  cannot  as  formerly  obtain  a    most  only  to  packets,  for  the  greater 
freight  by  sending  ns  a  cargo  of  salt ;    safety  of  those  superior  ships.     But  to 
and  as  the  market  for  Spanish  wines    the  outports,  and  for  ordinary  vessels, 
here  is  overstocked,  he  is  obliged  to    the  heavy  freights  homeward  of  old 
send  his  vessel  out  empty,  and  thus  the    times  are  not  to  be  had  ;  and  thia  is 
expense  of  his  voyage,  htthertmd  back,    the  matter  which  concemsyon,  as  I  am 
iDust  be  all  paid  by  the  flour,  instead    about  to  explain  ; — It  is  ■  fair  calonU- 
of  being  divided,  as  herelofore  it  might    tioo  lo  put  down  average  freights  uiHlat 
have  b^n,  between  the  flour  and  salt,    the  present  state  of  things,  from  aQ 
He  eahsolates,  therefore,  the  prise  be    porta  in  the  United  States  to  all  porta 
ean  affenl  to  give  far  out  fioui  undei    in  Etuope,  at  a  doUar  and  a  qnaim  ■ 


>gle 


1844.]  A  LtlUr  to  Fanner  Iu4cUr.  S8S 

banal  for  flwiT,  >nd  t,  dollu  ud  a  half  opcratioa  of  other  cauaea  which  I  eaa 
foi  pioviBiDoB,  beef,  pork,  &c.  Tha  point  oat  lo  joo,  when  I  hi*e  dispoaed 
retDTD  freigbta  now  earned  do  not  ex-  more  deGnitel;^  "f  ihia  one.  It  ii  cor- 
ceed  a  qoatter  of  the  out  freighu,  or  in  lain  our  Bhipping  roust  decteaae  ;  and 
other  worda,  of  erery  five  dollars  earn-  I  bare  shown  you  whj  this  ought  to  ba 
ed  bj  the  leatel,  out  and  home,  Ihe  expected  Ihuoretically,  and  as  an  infei- 
ODtward  freight  pays  four.  It  ooght  to  ence  from  the  exiating  state  of  fieigfala. 
iny  only  mo  and  a  batf ;  three- eighths  But  experieDce  and  statistics  confirm 
til  the  whole  outward  freight  is  a  tax  this  inference ;  the  records  of  the  paat 
pot  on  your  exporta  by  our  existing  show  that  heavy  tariffs  have  always 
tariff.  redaeed  our  shipping;  and  enable   oa 

A  good,  safe,  and  fast  vessel,  cannot  even  to  calcukle  (he  extent  of  injury 
makeoneofthesB  voyagesforlesB  than  tn  be  expected  in  this  quarter.  Due 
the  rates  I  have  set  down,  say  tt,56  foreign  tonnage  diminished  under  ths 
foe  each  flour  barrel  of  her  stowage  out  efTecls  of  the  tariffs  of  1816,  ISSi  aod 
and  home.  Sut  tha  coal,  the  iron,  the  1828  by  over  250,01)0  tons,  and  tho 
salt,  and  the  hemp  which  used  to  make  coasting  tonnage  which  ought  to  have 
heavy  cargoes  homeward,  are  allinef-  increased  under  "  protecltea  lo  Atner- 
fect  prohibited.  They  oanoot  come  ican  Induiliy,"  aclnally  Inst  104,000 
here ;  and  the  few  things  that  are  of-  tons  in  the  six  years  from  1834  to  1630. 
fered  lo  ahipe  ready  to  come  off  empty,  Bat  when  the  effects  of  the  eompro- 
are  redaeed  by  competition  to  freights  mise  act,  reducing  duties  and  atiioulat- 
alrooat  DoJI.  Therefore,  the  ship  own-  ing  trade,  began  to  make  ihemselvea 
erpoU  on  to  yonr  flour  what  he  ought  felt,  the  American  tannage  engaged  in 
to  be  allowed  to  obtain  from  the  foreign  foreign  trade,  increased  from  676,000 
articles ;  three-eighths  at  least  of  our  in  I83I,  to  000,000  tuns  in  1640— and 
now  average  freights,  is  a  tax  on  ex-  the  coasting  tonnage  doubled  itself  and 
ports,  laid  on  by  the  present  tariff.  It  something  more  ;  standing  in  1640  at 
is  tfaoa  that  the  present  tariff  taxes  the  1,261,000  tons.  Of  this  amannl,  it  haa 
export  of  flonr  furty-seven  cents  a  bar-  lost  ten  per  aent.  already  since  the 
lel,  beef  and  pork  finy-aix,  and  cotton,  blight  of  protection  has  been  abed  upon 
tobacco,  rice,  com,  oats,  hay  and  tint-    it  again  ! 

her  in  proportion,  the  bulky  and  lesa  It  is  reasonable,  from  these  circum- 
Ti^nable  articles  payinulways  the  most  stances,  to  suppose,  that  the  foreign 
oppressive  rates.  No*  some  of  theae  tonnage  will  foil  back  to  where  it  stood 
things  depend  entirely  on  the  rates  of  in  1630,  making  a  diminution  of  3S&- 
freight  for  the  possioility,  in  certain  000  tons.  The  domestic,  having  al- 
eases,  of  being  exported.  When  ready  lost  near  half  that  amount,  may 
freights  to  France  are  very  low,  bay  he  set  down  for  as  much  more,  eventu- 
goes  there  from  New  York  ;  the  pack-  ally,  at  least,  say  650,000  tons  of 
et  ships  have  otlen  taken  it  to  fill  up.  American  shipping  cut  off  fay  protec' 
Bat  the  tariff  is  a  direct  prohibition  on  tion  and  vanished  from  the  face  of  the 
this  Aportation  of  hay.  Cotton,  I  waters.  Now  one  hundred  tana  ttf 
suppose,  pays  five  per  cent,  export  shipping  will  employ  on  the  average, 
duty,  tobacco  eight,  floor  fifteen  or  five  men  in  navigation,  and  at  least  five 
twenty,  eata  and  corn  fifty,  hay  and  more  in  building,  repairing  and  variooa 
timber,  a  hundred.  The  merchant  contingent  duties,  ^1  full  of  benefit  to 
collects  these  duties  and  calls  them  "  American  industry,"  and  demanding 
freight,  but  TDU  pay  them,  friend  Is-  large  quaatitiea  of  American  hemp, 
■acbar,  or  else,  if  you  will  not,  your  tar,  timber,  and  sundries  to  an  amount 
produce  remains  here,  burdening  that  not  easy  to  calculate.  But  we  can 
nome  market  whose  pleotifulness  al-  easily  calculate  the  demands  of  the 
ready  sits  so  heavy  on  your  soul.  The  navigator,  for  it  is  a  familiar  matter  to 
xednctioo  of  your  prices  is  the  tribute  the  merchant,  that  the  maintenance  of  a 
you  pay,  throngh  the  generosity  of  ship's  company  in  service,  costs  eight 
yonr  lepreaeotatives  in  Congress,  to  dollars  per  montb  per  man,  all  told, 
the  pampered  aristocracy  of  the  cotton  from  captain  to  cabin  boy.  For  050,- 
Jenny.  And  as  yon  are  in  for  tribute,  OOOtonaofBhipping,therewmbe33,56o 
TOO  mast  go  on  and  pa;  more,  not  only  men  required,  and  at  eight  dollars  a 
by  the  inevitable  increase  hereafter  mouth,  they  will  require  9960,000  pei 
of  thiaveryitemof  freight}  batbythe    month  to  maintain  them.    The  whola/ 


'Google 


38i  A  Letter  to  Farmer  Juachar.  t^^*- 

of  this  Biamtenance  for  the  coaatere,       Wool  is,  IbeliBTe,  Dearljorqiiitethe 

and  two-thirds  foi  the  foreign  trade,  onlj  exception  to  the  mle  of  pvrtting 

will  be   purchased  in  our  own  ports ;  pioteclion    on    most    heavily    to    the 

thus  creating  a  demand  foe  the  produce  cheapest  goads  ;  bnt  you  must  see  thai 

of  the   farmei   to  the  eilenl  of  over  if  there  bad  been  an;  sincerity   in  the 

^00,000  a  month.     Two  milltona  and  protectionists,   they   would  have   done 

a  half  of  dollars  a  year  that  ascd  to  be  for  the  farmer  eiacCly  as  they  did  for 

paid  for  farmer's  produce,  is  thus  struck  tbemaeJYes. 

off;  sod  besides  this,  all  the  people  The  duties  on  coarse  dry  goods  of 
who  used  to  build  and  repair  those  all  sorts  (eieept  linens,  I  belieTe)  are 
ships,  are  now  to  seet  other  employ-  from  double  to  ten  times  as  heavy  as 
ment.  They  also  used  to  buy  flour  they  are  on  line  ones ;  and  as  our  own 
and  beef,  but  the  chance  is  now  that  manafacturera  have  bnsinesa  enoagh 
one  half  of  them  will  lake  to  raising  with  the  coarse,  our  whole  supply  of 
tiiem.  Here  is  a  pretty  little  addition  fine  goods  most  now  be  imported.  Add 
to  yonr  home  market,  already  over-  to  this  the  effect  of  the  great  riae  of 
loaded.  Nine  millions  exports  cut  off!  prices  here,  and  you  will  see  the  lea- 
two  or  three  millions  shipping  demand  son  why  a  flood  of  imports  of  certain 
desttoyed !  two  or  three  of  ship  boild-  kinds  1ms  been  poured  in  upon  na  late- 
en' demand  gone  too  !  Fourteen  or  ly  ;  but  as  the  heavy  and  bulky  arti- 
fifteen  millions  of  dollars  worth,  oat  of  oles  are  in  effect  prohibited,  these  fine 
the  forty-six  you  have  to  sell,  are  be-  goods  have  only  made  freights  for  a 
coma  an  absolute  superfluity ;  and  do  few  flrat  rate  ehipa,  and  the  eennal 
yoQ  wonder  that  you  are  ruined  hv  low  shipping  interest  of  the  country  nas  not 
prices!  and  all  this  is  calculated,  too,  shared  m  the  beneSt  at  all.  The  ex- 
m>m  doctiments  of  1843,  while  if  we  ports,  accordingly,  have  not  been  &Vo[- 
had  the  returns  for  this  year,  the  case  ed  by  any  general  fall  of  outward 
would  show  still  stronger,  as  it  no  doubt,  freights,  and  we  see  that  they  bear  no 
a  year  hence,  will  he  much  stronger  due  proportion  to  the  imports.  At  this 
again.  pott  of  New  York  this  year,  we  hare 
If  you  wish  to  be  fiilly  convineed  imported,  in  eigh^manthB,  fifty-six  mil- 
that  the  sort  of  protection  which  oar  ma-  lions  of  dollars  value,  and  only  export- 
nnfacturing  lords  are  affording  them-  ed  twenty-one.  A  packet  ship  of  a 
■elves,  is  one  which  benefits  them  to  thousand  tons  cannot  carry  off  more 
your  injury,  you  have  only  to  look  than  fifty  thonsand  dollars  worth  of 
M  their  proceedings  upon  the  article  flour,  but  she  can  bring  home  a  million 
of  wool.    You  will  see  there  that  the  in  ailk  goods,  or  half  a  million  in  fine 


nciple  they    lay   down    for   them-    cottons  and  such  other  expens 

■  dftom 

h 

of  goods  which  they  make,  they  put  tho    for  ten  cargoes  carried  oat  -,  and  while 


■elves,  and  the  principles  they  lay  cles  as  are  now  imported  from  France 
down  for  you,  cannot  be  reconciled  to  and  England.  Thua  one  ship  can 
each  other.     In  taxing  the  importation    bring  home  as  much  value  as  wUl  ] 


D  the  coarsest  articles,  one  packet,  being  a  costly  and  perfec 
•0  that  a  piece  of  cotton  costing  six  ve&sel,  commands  a  full  freight 
cent*  the  square  yard  will  pay  nine  of  goods,  which  are  only  risked  in 
cents  duty,  or  one  hundred  and  Gfly  such  vessels  ;  a  dozen  ships  fit  for 
pet  eent ;  while  if  it  costs  thirty  cents,  coarse  and  heavy  freights,  are  obliged 
It  pays  only  thirty  per  cent.  This  is  to  come  home  in  ballast.  Your  ont- 
ikeir  dish  ;  now  took  into  yours,  ward  freights  are  therefore  little  bene- 
The  only  article  imported  from  abroad  filed  by  these  imports  ;  but  when  Ihey 
diat  can  at  all  compete  with  you,  is  come  to  be  paid  far ;  when  the  balance 
wool,  and  on  wool  you  are  made  to  be-  due  to  Europe  for  them,  which  we  have 
lieve  that  yon  have  a  protecting  duty  not  paid  in  exports,  must  be  regnlated 
of  thirty  per  cent.  Yes,  but  coarse  with  money  ;  then  in  a  general  scarci- 
wools  are  excepted  ;  the  low  priced  ty  of  money  and  fall  of  prices  of  eve- 
article  which  for  them  is  protected  by  thing,  you  will  find  a  new  consequence 
one  hundred  and  fifty  per  cent,  is  re-  of  the  theory  and  practice  of  protee- 
dneed  for  you  to  five,  and  from  ten  to  tion.  The  specie  of  the  country  wiD 
tvrenty  millions  of  pounds  of  this  wool  continue  to  he  drained  off,  the  incteas- 
eomes  in  aonnally  at  this  rale,  supply-  ing  scarcity  of  money  reducing  the 
tng  all  t^  coarse  mannfaotiirea.  pnoes  of  American  prodnce  tiQ  C'*5[-..^,-i[(t> 


1944.]  A  LeUer  te  Farmer  luachar.  885 

fan  to  a  nt«  at  nfaich  tbej  can  be  ex-  and  if  he  qait>  his  own  proreasion  or 

ported,  in  apito  of  all  Ihe  diaadTantagea  indaatry,  whether  because  he  ii  ngined, 

thai  are  thrown  in   iheir  wa^.     Tlien  or  becante   be   is  enriched,  the   firat 

freights  oat  ward  will  rise  still  higher,  thing  he  looks  for  is  a  farm.     If  aeritis 

and  foreign  markets  fall  lower ;  fur  we  cornea  in  tbe  money  market,  and  teit 

shall  come  upon  ihem  sudaenlj  with  a  thoosand  people  fail,  five  thousand  will 

nth  of  beaty  qnantities  of  produce  at  be   tilling   Itie  ground  within  a  year. 

once  ;  which,  had  it  been  sent  forward  One  half  of  tbe  trader*  and  (irms  in  aJl 

E dually  and  at  due  times,  would  have  aorta  of  business,  that  existed  in  New 
n  taken  up  at  fair  rales  aa  it  atrifed;  York  in  1837,  have  now  disappeared 
but  which  now,  arriving  ODt  of  seaaan,  from  the  directory,  and  it  is  reasonable 
mast  he  sacrificed.  to  suppose  that  unc  half  of  these  mis- 
in  this  reaction  the  manufocltiTera  aing  men  who  noir  surTiie,  are  in  od« 
must  have  tbeir  share.  Their  goods  shape  or  another  at  this  moment  a^n- 
also  roust  first  be  reduced  in  value,  and  cuUuritta.  There  is  every  reason  to 
finally  rendered  nearly  unsaleable  1  Iheir  think,  therefore,  that  the  general  agrj- 
man ufactD ring  companies,  increased  cuttuial  crops  increase  faster  than  ihe 
enormously  by  ibe  undue  and  unwise  cotton  CTop;-and  if  tbe  surplus  of  cot- 
atintutus  tbe  tariS'  has  given  them,  mast  ton  for  export  is  constantly  larger  and 
break  in  all  directions  ;  and  the  home  larger  in  proportion  to  home  eonsump- 
market  yoQ  have  heard  so  much  of  will  tion,  no  doubt  can  exist  that  the  sur- 
becorae  utterly  unavailable,  not  for  you  plus  of  wheat  ia  bo  also,  in  aggravated 
only,  but  for  ihem.  It  is  a  significsnt  ratio.  This  wheat  ought  to  go  to  that 
comment  upon  all  this  nonsense  of  a  panper  labor,  at  which  we  have  heard 
hnne  market  to  consume  all  your  sur-  auch  savage  sneers  from  the  unprincU 
plus,  that  with  all  tbe  stimulating  pro-  pled  organs  of  tariffism.  The  pvipei 
tection  the  cotton  manufacture  has  and  laborers ;  in  other  words,  the  poor  w- 
1ms  had,  its  proportion  of  coosumplioR  borers  of  Europe ;  the  men  who,  like 
of  cotton  &lls  eoDstaotly  in  arrears,  our  own  laboring  elaaa,  have  only  tb» 
Fifteen  years  ago  the  cotton  manafac-  use  of  their  hands  in  toil  to  live  by ;. 
tores  of  this  country  took  nearly  one-  and  who,  unlike  the  men  of  this  yet 
fifth  of  the  cotton  crop.  Now  they  happy  land,  are  restricted  to  one  indus- 
take  a  seventh  ;  the  prodaclion  has  in-  try,  and  deprived  of  that,  must  die  ; 
creased  in  a  greater  ratio  than  their  these  are  the  people  whom  it  is  our 
demand,  and  from  year  (o  year  the  pro-  boast  to  deprive  of  bread.  If  you  had 
portion  exported  has  been  regularly  ever  seen  the  papulation  of  an  Euro- 
greater.  If  then,  this  branch,  whose  pean  manufacturing  town,  if  you  could 
consumption  of  taw  material  is  so  very  know  bow  wretched  they  are,  how 
great  in  proportion  to  the  labor  it  em-  emaciated  with  want,  how  broken-spit— 
|doya;  if  this  branch  of  manufacturing  ited  with  the  daily  fear  of  atarvation;.  | 
industry,  rich  and  prosperons  as  it  is,  and  if  with  these  sights  before  you,  . 
cannot  keep  pace  with  the  production  you  were  invited  to  join  in  some  act  lo^- 
of  cotton,  what  are  we  to  think  of  its  increase  those  wants,  and  turn  thoa6  ' 
consumption  of  other  articlea.  If  cot-  fears  into  reality ;  you  would  curse  the 
ton  gains  npon  it,  what  does  wheat  do  1  inviter  from  your  side  for  a  tempter  I 
Ear  cotton  ia  an  article  produced  only  and  a  fiend.  God  has  put  the  seas  be-  -  | 
by  stave  labor',  and  alave  labor  re-  tween  those  men  and  us,  with  much, 
ceives  no  incresse  but  from  tbe  natural  difference  in  our  conditiooa  ;  but  be 
progress  of  its  popalalioo.  No  slaves  has  given  us  means  to  cross  those  seas,  . 
are  imported  to  add  to  the  production  and  ordained  commerce  for  reciprocal 
of  cotton;  but  our  agricnltutal  popula-  benefit,  blessing  those  who  give  and. 
tion  in  the  free  Sutes  has  its  natural  those  who  take.  Shall  we,  then,  tha^ 
inerease,  and  besides,  an  immense  im-  saperior,  the  richer,  the  more  &vored,. 
migration.  Tbe  very  tariff  in  question  break  off  this  intercourse  because  tboaa 
baa  a  tendency  to  bring  ua  swarms  of  men  are  poor !  Shall  we  show  oni- 
immigranis,  whose  occupation  at  their  selves  unworthy  of  our  bleasinga  by 
homes  it  may  break  up,  and  who  come  refusing  to  share  with  thent,  even  weta 
here  to  compete  with  our  farmers,  it  true  that  by  so  doing  our  own  share 
Every  great  convulsion  in  society  pro-  would  be  dimini^ed  1  But  it  is  Dot 
duces  a  fresh  multitude  of  farmers,  true ;  and  on  the  contrary  this  narrow 
ETery  man  thinks  fae  is  B  bom  fiumer,  aod  hateful  docltiiM  lecoila  in  praetio* 
Toi..  xr. — MO.  Lxrri,                26 


Google 


aM  A  Lata-  u  Fvmv  Ittmdtm.  [Om. 

with  iajicy  OB  it*  a.itann ;  ztA  ant  an  waAxL  beeafe  tobBj  bate ;    the  de~ 

Ibem  <M!f,  hiic  <hi  all  of  na.  vtui  icfltr.  woA-i.  ercK  lac  tkc  bihs   ee«Bs^HC3kI 

or   hare  aif^eil   ihes  to  pe«*aiL     I  eoBa^pcioa  mold  oat  be  bM.     Peic«b 

eaa  bear  »a  nnch   ia  »  £ac<UL>u»  flo  idTUrel,  bm  ise  'oniK*  '■ff'*    ^'s* 

pniJttf^  »<  ^.VcjcaL  ecn'inmT,  aa  aunt  eat  u£.  and  ::  leq^iiied  a  'cit  lar^  sil- 

Bea,   «^a  ritasMnhifl  charliT   l^ir  my  laocc  id  raabie  ih:u  '^PP'T  '"  co^te  u 

ofpor,«r,t.  Mid  wi^V.ut  aaj  41uf>'^oib  aa^i  fii-!.:v.     T^e <'i»aritir  maaafac- 

tn  ebacja  an  ar^meDt  iuo  a  i^oarreL  ibz^:s  had  «j.aiLil  a  BniwpatT,  bat  hari 

Bat  wbea  I  (Mat  thU  ny  a^>oat  paopeT  nut  pmiJeil.  and  eonld  not  provide  » 

labnr,  I  natk  Ihn  bus  that  attm  i: —  i^^J  :   and  prices  kiTc  i  iiiiiIiiih  <I  t« 

be  ia  eer^mij  a  parrot  w  a  ca^^.  tiae  c;::;-  ib«j  baie  bnicgbi  in  tbe  pz*- 

Tbe  denmtii  fcoo  Anehca  f-ir  Ej:>r-  aest  eooJ  df  oif  oitatioaa.     A  re^aetioa 

peao  merebaitdise  aad  luaiiDf^Cn^n  u,  ti  iacTJljiite.  iDj.:riiiz  joaasd  them,  as 

ud«ed,  M  kaa  bee*,  aod  ooebi  (■>  b«,  I  taie  Kke'j:b«i  it  la  toe  alcradT  ;  aK 

TSry  large  an^  ioipanaitl.     KminUb-  iiabeal:hj  rioleot  le-actioa  ;  bat  alill  ■ 

ing  Ikia  detoand  beie,  d<ies  initeed  <li«-  Mep  towaidsaa  cod  >hicb  tbe  tariffitea 

tree*  and  iamremlimaDr  people  there ;  kare  al«a|a  beid  «p  to  jon  as  ^ood. 

and  the  dMct  ia  that  tbiej  emigrcate  if  Tbat  ead  is  the  iihim«le  icdnctioa  at 

tbey  eait,  and  cone  to  eompeie  viib  ns  all  prieea  of  maauSftiifed  goods  te 

in  all   om  braacbea  of  mdaatrr  here,  nch  a   lerel   beie,  Ikal  imponalioa, 

Fanoiiig,  doftbtleaa,  getamoatofibeoi;  eien  wttkooi  tbe  tariff,  eaaU  aM  eo— 

fant  raaDDfaetnrei  also   receire  accea-  pele  wiili  ibem.     In  tiutstaleoftluiiga, 

moat  -,    and   evenlDiiJIj   the    graspiiig  sftea  the  bcme  prodactioa  of  maonAc- 

laonopotiM  will   bid  he  has  onlj  sac-  tnred  goods,  like  tbu  of  wheal  asdcot- 

eeeded  in  lealiziog  a  tmuicDl  profit  at  Iob,  dull  be  so  great  as  lo  exceed  all  po*- 

(be  expeiua  of  a  permaDeDt  loos.    He  sibitiij  of  faogoe  cooramptioD,  ibete  wiQ 

hsa  abot  oat  the  loreigo  goods ;  but  he  do  longer  be  bdjt  nae  for  proteciioa. 

has  imported  the  foreigner  who  nude  There  will  no  longer  be  any  argoment 

them,  sad  who  will  eonunne  to  mate  open  between  fatmeraDdmaoufacintcr, 

them  here.     This  foreigner,  bv  placing  onless,  indeed,   as  is  most   probable, 

hinaelf  iiwide  onr  booadary,  immedi-  these  last  shall  in^tt  on  keeping  tbe 

ately  ceases  lo  pay  anj  reTenoe  at  all  naelcss  reslrictioiia  id  locce,  eien  whilo 

to  our  goTenmenl,  or  any  coniribotion  admitting  tbey  are  useless.     Thej  do 

of  freight  lo  onr  ships  ;  and  jet,  by  vir-  so  now,  on  coarse  and  heavy  cottons, 

toe  of  the  tariff,  be  sells  us  his  goods  and  no  instance  is  known  of  their  ad' 

for  a  tine,  at  higher  prices  than  even  mitting  that  any  mannfacluts  was  out 

before    ,  This  cannot  last ;  competitioa  ofilsinfaacy.aadindepeBdent  offoster- 

nrast  bare  its  effect  upon  maDufactures,  mother  tariff. 

and  most  eTentually  btins  down  jirices  But  when  this  poiat  is  reached,  what 
to  the  lowest  lerel  at  which  they  will  will  follow  \  II  will  follow  in  the  first 
afford  an^  reasonable  profit.  Now  we  place  that  duties  oa  imports  as  now  es- 
know,  with  regard  to  almost  all  the  ar-  tabliahed,  will  no  longer  yield  a  rere' 
tielni  we  protect,  that  they  can  be  mada  Due.  Duties  on  imports  are  the  beat 
here  as  cheap  as  any  whete  in  the  world,  way  to  raise  a  levenus  on  all  aeconols ; 
Very  many  of  oar  fabrics,  before  this  but  as  some  oat-and-oul  theorists  go 
lariff,  were  exported  in  all  directions;  for  direct  taxation  exclusively,  I  will 
low  priced  cottons  were  sren  sent  to  tell  yon  why  I  think  indirect  ia  better. 
England  and  paid  duly  there,  and  were  Many  are  misled  t^  the  words, — di> 
tola  for  English  consumption.  With-  rect  seems  deniocraiic — much  more  so 
oat  pTOteetinn,  prices  here  now  for  than  indirect ;  but  did  it  ever  occur  to 
Dianr  such  article*  would  be  low  enough  yon  ttiat  direct  taxation  gi tea  credit, 
lo  allow  of  exportation  ;  but  protection  while  indirect  gives  none  I  Indirect 
hat  raised  thetn,  and  it  becomes  impos-  taxation  cuts  at  once  into  a  given 
■ibie.  The  tariff  of  '13  was  piased  at  quantity  of  merchandise  and  takes  out 
a  tims  when  the  country  had  been  auf'  its  dues,  and  then,  and  not  till  theD,de- 
ferlng  great  firianeisi  disaster,  and  was  livers  up  the  rest.  Every  man  who 
■tininastateofexhaustion.  Fewgoods  uses  that  article  pays  his  share  and 
had  been  made  or  Imported  or  demand-  cannot  escape ;  but  many  escape  from 
•d  for  I  long  time ;  and  under  the  chill-  direct  laiauon.  Direct  taxation  be- 
ing efllbot  of  that  tariff  scarcely  any  gins  by  declaring  you  a  debtor  to  lbs 
w«n  imported  tbe  fliat  year.      The  atate ;  you  may  owe  thia  debt  a  li^g. 


oogic 


1S44.]  A  Ltlttr  to  Farmer  ItiaelMr.  387 

time.    Yoa  ma;  pot  it  off,  erEide  it,  qoRntity  aoffet*  a  fall  in  the  market 

■wear  it  down,  or  nro  away,  and  es-  equal  to   the  amount  of  that  tax ;  and 

cape  it  stitogether,  or  you  may  conceal  if  the  tarplua  falls  in  price,  the  whole 

your    property,  falsify   ils    Talue,    or  must.     By  checking  trade  and  intei- 

oheat  yoar  creditor  in  a  thousand  dif-  change,  we  no  doubt  injure  our  markets 

ferent  ways.    These  are  the  evils  of  to  a  much  greater  extent  than  the  reil 

credit  to  the  creditor ;  hot,  on  the  other  amount  of  tax  we  put  on :    hut  thia  ad- 

fa&nd,  what  injustice  is  often  done  the  ditiooal  injury  cannot  be  stated  with 

debtor !     Have  we  not  heard  of  farms  precisian,   and   our  argument  is  anffi- 

thrown  away  at  anetion  to  raise  small  ciently  strong  if  we  leare  all   that  out 

Bams  and  great  costs;    bare  we  not  of   view    altogether.        Bat    I    must 

kttown   absentees    defrauded    by    tax  remark  to  you  that  cormpt  and  dishon- 

sales,  widows  and  orphans  oppressed  est  g-OTernmeDta  hare,  in  all  ages,  had 

And  mined,  to  gel  ten  shillings   per-  one  object  in  view,  and  have  always 

hspBontofahiiDdredacreaofnnprodue-  held  one   langnage   in   relation  to  it. 

tive  or  negtecied  land  l      The  tariff*  They  have  always  sought  to  restrict 

saves  ns  from  all  this — let  us  save  the  the   freedom   of  Ihe  people,   and  hays 

tsriff ;  we  sbdl  want  it  long  after  it  always  told  them  that  freedom  was  not 

has  ceased  to  give  a  revenue  on  cot-  good  for  them  :    and  that  the  restric- 

lon,  coal,  iron,  susar  or  salt.     We  shall  tionswere  actually   intended  for  their 

then  tax  the  articles  which  are  now  benefit.     But  I  aak  you  to  unite  widi 

free ;    the   produce   of  climates   with  me,  and  with  the  demoeratio  party,  in 

which  we  cannot  compete  ;  and  be  as-  saying  to  our  government  that  it  shall 

aored,  fiiend  Isaachar,  that  from  these  not  restrict  as  at  all ;  that  it  is  not  coa- 

and  from  these  only,  this  nation  at  last  stitDted  to  restrain,  nor  even  to  protect 

will  get  a  revenue  by  taxing  imports,  us ;  it  is  a   mete   instrument,  itiroagh 

All  manufactured    goods  now    tixed  which,  wiih  our  united  strength,  we 

wiU   eventually,  whether  protected  or  will   protect   ouiselves ;    but    not    by 

not,  arrive  at  prices   here  loo  low  for  oppressing  each  other.     The  power  to 

importation,  and  the  list  is  not  very  suppress  one  trade,  and  build  up  anoth- 

long  of  goode  which  must  then  lake  er,  is  an  anogated  power — the  seed 

their    places   and     bear    the   hurden.  com  of  a  harvest  of  corruption.     Men 

Tea,   coffee,  some  tropical  frnita  and  go  to  Washington  to  get  law*  passed, 

woods,  and  some  drugs  and  minerals,  by  which  individuals   make  millions ; 

are  all  that  occur  to  roe  at  present ;  and   for   such   objects  it   is  not  to  ba 

and  in  case  of  any  emergency  requir-  doubted,  but  the  cajolery  which  walks 

ing  revenuB,   the   duties   on    imports  openly    in    our    lobbies,   has    a   twin 

may  fall  short   and    the   tax-gatherer  brother  of  bribery  prowling  near  them 

go  his  rounds  to  your  door.     Is  it  de-  in  secret.     We  have  suffered  Congress 

^injde  to  hasten  this  period !  to  briog  to  "  protect "  AmericsB  manufactures, 

it  on  sooner,  through  a  series  of  ruin-  and  it  went  on  in  the  last  tariff  bo  far 

ous  oonvntsions,  than  it  must  come  by  as  to  protect  pimento.     Ten   cents  s 

a  healthy   and   gradual  approach  t     I  pound  upon  pimento  that  cost  Sve;  and 

think  not,  and  you  think  so  too,  my  that  line  in  a  tariff  made  fortunes  foi 

good   friend,    and   every    sound   DUtu  men  who  bad  stores  full  of  it  here  im- 

thtnks  so,  whose  opinion  is  not  biassed  ported  free.     It  may  liave  been  written 

by  self-interest,  or   warped  by  narrow  accidentally ;    it  may  Dot   have   been 

views  and  false  logic.  paid  for  with  hard  cash,  but  it  is  diS- 

I  shall  not  undertake  to  entertain  cult  to  say  why  it  was  put  down  m>, 

yon,  friend  Issachnr,  with  any  general  upon  any  reaaouble  sad  honest  suppo- 

views  of  the  advantages  of  freedom  sitiou. 

and  disadvantages  of  restriction,  nor       If  Ibis  power  is  even  admitted,  then, 

with   any  details  of  contingent  losses  to  he  capable  of  doing  some  good,  it 

which  mast   fall  upon    ns  if  we  put  ought  to  be  abolished  for  fear  of  thn 

checks  on  the  outgoings  and  incomings  evil  it  ia  sure  to  do.     It  leads  our  legis- 

of  the  products  of  all  the  world  in  our  lalois  into  temptation  ;    it    turns    Ihs 

CIt   ia  BufGcieot  for  me  now  to  beadBofonrmanufaeturers,and  teaches 

explained  to  yon,  that  your  pro-  them  that  wholesome  competition  ia  en- 

duce  is  burdened  at  this  moment  with  mity  and  injury,  and   ought  to  be  pot 

■  direct  export  tax  ;  and  in  that   fact  down  by  law.     It  sets  them  specnlatug      ^^  . 

yea  see  a  reason    why    the  surplus  upon  the  mesne  of  nwking  the  govern*  C  jOOQIc 


388                                                    Bi>pt.  [Oct. 

neoUl  macbiae  aDbserre  tbair  priTau  n  ns ;  with  whu  hopea  let  L(niLriAii& 

porpoaea;  and  haviDg  once  eateruiaed  tell  Haiae,  and  Maine  shall  tell  it  back 

thu  Dotioa,  they  become  anxious  to  in-  to  Louisiana.    Let  me  tell  70Q,  in  con- 

oreaee  the  powers  of  the  machine  they  elusion,  some  results  that  will  come  out 

intend  to  use.     They  associate  them-  of  all  this. 

selTeB,consequent1;,withotheiBchemGrs  1.    The    unholy   atliancs    indicated 

b^iring  similar  intentions  ;   one  set  that  ahoTe  will  be  pulferized  by  the  elee- 

want  to  rule  and  pillage  ns  with  a  gen-  tion  in  NoTember  and  for  ever  dis- 

eral  bank ;  another  set  that  would  "  dis-  solTed.     Three  of  its  elements,  Baob, 

tiibute"  oui  reTenues  to  themaelres  in  AsBomplion  of  State-debts  (otherwise 

difideods  on  broken  stocks  1  and  the  called  distribntion),  and  the  Anti-Yelo, 

whole  together  make  an  assault  on  the  will  uerer  be  held  up  agaio  as  political 

checks  of  the  Constitution,  that  tbej  dogmas. 

may  have  absolute  power  should  they  3.  The  Whig  pariy  will  neTsr  a^ain, 

succeed   in  clubbing  to  a  momentary  doi  any  great  party  in  this  country,  at- 

majocity.     This  is  the  mass  of  oppo-  tempt   to   ring  in   TOters   with  empty 

neuls  now  banded  against  Democracy,  noise,  like  bees  with  tin  kettles.     The 

and  waving  the  banner  of  Henry  Clay,  mighty  uproar  of  1840,  now  reduced  to 

and  the  only  honest  and  disinterested  a  miserable  newspaper  din  of  pretended 

naSH  to  be  found  beneath  thai  banner  is  exultation,  will  die  away  and  nerer  have 

the  remnant  of  bigoted  old   Toryism  an  echo. 

and  Federalism,  which  sincerely  be-  3.  Mr.  Clay  wijt  be  the  last  great 
lieves  in  a  strong  government,  and  candidate  for  public  favor  that  will 
seeks  to  give  it  ail  possible  powers  aod  cist  in  his  lot  with  the  Protectionists. 
independence  of  responsibility  from  an  He  is  now  playing  his  kst  card,  with  > 
inherited  disbelief  in  the  people.  Such  nervous  mobility  of  doctrine,  and  a  rest- 
are  the  elements  of  Whiggery;  the  ta-  less  superabundance  of  letter  writing 
liff,  the  black  tariff  of  1842,  is  itt  basis  that  mark  the  approaches  of  deepera- 
aud  its  gold  mine  1  for  bank  and  distri-  tion.  The  experience  of  the  present 
bution  mat  now  ate  bankrupt ;  and  hon-  tariffhas  taught  our  great  fanning  in- 
est  old  Federalism  wilt  Dotfind  itslhou-  teiest  how  to  distiaguifih  and  reward 
sands  for  pipe-laying.  Such  is  the  the  man  wbo  hakbswakdh  THiPUca 
noisy  army  now  marching  to  overpow-  of  floub. 


HOPE. 

Ijeb  the  glad  skylark,  who,  each  early  mom, 
Springe  from  her  nest  among  the  weeds  and  flowers, 
And  whether  stormy  clouds  or  bririit  are  bom, 
Pierces  tJie  realm  of  sunshine  andof  showers, 
And  with  untiring  wing  and  steady  eye, 
And  never-ceasing  song,  so  loud  sjid  sweet. 
So  full  of  tmsting  love,  that  it  is  meet 
At  Heaven's  own  gate  to  be  uplifted  high, 
Ofiers  his  sacrifice  of  gTatitude ; 
So  hope,  the  one,  the  only  hope,  spreads  out 
Herwings  from  the  heart's  tearful  solitude, 
Darken^  too  oft  by  weeds,  qniv'ring  about 

The  clondlike  c  

To  dut  above  t^ 


lizcdbyGoOl^Ic 


Unilanen  Portrattt, 


UNITARIAN  PORTRAITS 

BT  W.  1.   JOBtS. 

As  ft  meresystem,  orntherintetlec-  dressed,  well-behaved,  well-lo-do  men 

Insl  seet,  Unitarianism  standi  the  Brat  of  the  world,   and  men  of  business. 

of  sects  in  this  country.     Among  its  A!  I -complacency  sits   iKeie,  alas !   too 

Dnmenras   and  steadfast  adherents   in  often,  side  by  side,  with  all-coldness! 
England,  it  nunihera  aoms  of  the  very         But  whatever  be  the  defects  of  Uni- 

greatest  names  in  Poesy,  Philosophy,  tarUnisra  as  a  creed,  we  cannot  help 

Science  and  Divinity;    while  in  this  conceedinggreattalent andaceomplish- 

country,  its   prominent  preachers  and  ed  scholarahip  to  the  most  distinguish- 

ftdTocatee  are  in  the  first  ranks  of  socio-  ed  proTnulgaiors  of  it.      Indeed,  as  a 

ty,  the   foremost  men  of  our  age,  the  body,  as  we  have  frequently  before  de- 

ablest  scholars  and  finest  writers-  They  clared,  the  Unitarian  clergy  forms  an- 

have  had  Channing  and  Btownson  and  questionably  the  most  intellectaal  class 

Webster  ;  and  they  now  have,  Dewey,  or  order  of  men   we  have.     We  know 

Bancroft,  Emerson,  Bellows,  the  Eve-  this  is  sometimes  dispated  ;  the  merit, 

Totts,    the     Sedgwiclts,     ibe     Wares,  genius  and  acquisitions  of  these  secta- 

Sparks,   Palfrey,   Furness,  and   many  ries  (as  the  orthodox  may  pronoQno« 

more  of  the  first  class.     They  write  them),  are  often  underrated   and  most  j 

(he  best  histories,  the  best  review  arti-  nnjoally  disparaged.     For  this  reasoD 

elea,  that  approach  so  closely  (he  high  we  have  collected  together  a  few  pea  I 

European    standard   and   which    they  and    ink    portraits   of   a  few   leading  | 

sometimes  equal ;  they  deliver  the  best  Unitarians ;   who   alone  would   give  a  j 

sermons,  lectures  and  addresaes.  They  character   to  any  church,  system,  so-  I 

are  onr  most  accurate  men  of  research,  ciety  or  sect.     We  have  selected  Dew-  j 

oar  most  thorough  political  as  well  as  ey,  as  the  representative  ofthe  pulpit;  | 

moral   philosophers.       They   are    not  Bancroft,  the  American  historian ;  Em- 

withoDt  their  mystics  and  spiritualists,  erson,  the  leading  philosophio  writer; 

modem    Plalonists,     nay   Swedenbor-  Brownson,  the  political  philosopher;  and 

giMs.  Edward  Everett,  the  man  of  acoom- 

Their  congregations  are  composed  plishment  and  elegant  orator, 
chiefly  of  the  better  class,  as  to  wealth  The  Rev.  Orville  Dewey  is  at  the 
and  intelligence  i  men  of  sense ;  men  head  of  the  Unitarian  denomination  in 
of  reflection.  It  is  a  sect  of  scholats,  this  city.  His  fame  is  not  confined  to 
thinkers  and  moral  reformers.  Learn-  it,  however ;  for  he  has,  by  his  writings^ 
ing  and  argument  are  necessary  to  en-  gained  a  very  considerible  general  re- 
able  them  to  preserve  anything  like  piitaiion.  He  has  a  great  name  in  all 
union;  to  maintain  their  very  existence,  New-England,  from  his  native  county 
RB  an  independent  society.  This  has  of  Berkshire,  Massachusetts,  to  the 
always  been  the  case.  The  wise  are  city  of  Boston.  He  is  spoken  of  with 
ever,  unforlnnately  for  the  rest  of  the  respect  in  England.  But  in  his  city 
world,  in  a  minority.  Theyare  forced  congregation,  Dr.  Dewey  is  esleemM 
to  make  head  against  a  strong  current  soperjor  even  to  Channing.  He  has 
of  papular  prejudice,  for  the  people  distinguished  himself  in  the  pulpit  by 
can  nererbecome  Unitarian.  Hence,  his  works,  and  as  a  lecturer.  He  is  a 
from  a  want  of  intellectual  sympathy,  leader  in  (he  path  of  social  reform,  as 
remits  a  great  evil ;  the  lack  of  moral  well  as  a  teacher  of  moral  duty.  Who 
synipalhy.  It  is  an  exclusive  sect ;  has  written  so  pertinently  on  the  topiea 
and  here  lies  its  ^eatesi  weakness,  as  of  a  city  life — of  beggars,  to  artiiaos, 
it  appears  to  OS ;  it  is  not  a  religion  for  on  labor,  on  arti  To  whom  are  n9 
the  ignorant  and  poor.  You  will  sea  indebted  for  so  many  useful  suggestioos 
in  their  churches,  very  few  of  the  and  illustrations  in  the  conduct  of  lifb! 
wretohed  and  miserable.  It  is  too  re-  What  public  instructor  has  handled  the 
filled  a  theory  for  them;  simplified  as  wide  range  of  minor  moralities  so  soo-  ,, 
it  may  be,  to  the  scholar!  The  con-  cessfullyt  Mr.  Bellows  is  rising  lapidly  (  jOOQ  C 
.(Tegations  consist,  genn^Iy,  erf  well-  into  an  almost  merited  rivalry.    He  is  tS 


390  Unitarian  Porlraitt.  [Oc^ 

%  young  man  of  a  very  cmnprebeiMive  Dewey  only  preftclied,  talked,  and  lee- 
mMertlanding  attij  contiderable  fancy  ;  tnred,  he  wonld  paaa  for  more,  and  de- 
of  great  reach  of  thought,  aod  freedom  aervedly  too,  than  most  mere  leaderaof 
of  style.  These  two  gentlemen  are  his  books  will  allow  him  to  be.  Ooee 
the  only  settled  clergymen  of  the  Uni-  diacuanect  the  preacher  or  tecturei  or 
tarian  persuasion  in  thia  oity.  private  gentlemao,  from  the  writer,  mad 
Dewey  is  the  ablest  popular  philoao-  we  should  not  wonder  if  he  were  nn- 
pbicsl  lectorer  of  our  time.  Others  derrated.  Still  there ia  thoueht,eeiiae, 
nay  have  a  more  easy  nariatiTe  style,  ingenuity,  observation  of  life,  and  a 
may  gossip  more  pleaeaiitly,  reason  noble  humanity  iu  all  of  Dewey's  wiit- 
moie  cogently,  speculate  more  pro-  iags.  What  we  object  to  in  taem  an 
fonndly,  or  imagine  with  greater  in-  merely  defects  of  style  and  manner, 
tenseness.  But  no  man  teaches  more  To  see  and  hear  Dewey  to  the  beat  ad- 
agreeably,  makes  more  out  of  a  hack-  vantage,  he  must  be  beard  from  tho- 
BSyed  subject,  or  unites  more  pleasant-  pnlpit.  That  is  hia  throne.  Ho  is, 
ly  the  various  separate  excellences  of  there,  the  wise  moral  teacher ;  always 
others.  Still  he  has  defects;  and  to  taking  high  ground,  yet  always  moat 
begin  with  them  (which  implies  to  end  liberal  and  eonaidente.  On  lopica  of 
v^  soon),  Dewey  is  not  a  man  of  an  doctrinal  discussion  this  gentleman  ia 
original,  or  a  very  deep  intellect ;  that  eitreroaly  ready  and  ingenious  in  re- 
is,  ne  rarely  originates  anything.  In  plying  even  to  the  best  settled  objee- 
settinganold  subject  in  a' new  light,  tions  i  he  ia  admirably  expert  in  detect- 
in  imparting  an  air,  at  least,  of  novelty  ing  a  fallacy,  or  expoaing  a  popalai 
to  trite  topics,  he  ia  certainty  OTiginaf.  error.  Unaffectedly  candul,  he  U  the 
But  be  never  places  a  new  subject  in  a  fairest  of  dispulanta.  The  maniieT  at 
new  light,  nor,  indeed,  in  aoy  light  Dewey  is  disliked  by  most  atiaogera, 
whatever.  We  may  aay  of  him,  he  though  habit  and  cnatom  render  it  even 
has  no  quality  of  newness  in  him.  agreeable.  His  apparent  indolence  is 
Truth  to  him  is  dear,  and  truth  is  at  the  effect  of  ill  heaith ;  bis  suspeeted 
once  as  old  as  creation,  and  as  fresh  as  austerity  only  a  harshness  of  feMore, 
the  cheek  of  childhood.  Dewey  is  that  benevolence  tenders  gentle,  and 
eminently  skilful  as  a  transistor  or  ei-  aincerity  attractive.     The  trae  test  of 

Ksitor  of  other  men'a  views.     His  il-  excellenceappliesto  him,viz. — repeat- 

itrations,  his  refinements,  his  dedac-  ed  attendance  on  his  preaching.      To 

tioDS,  ate  entirely  his  own.     As  a  lee-  nSe  a  familiar  phrase,  he  grows  en  yoiif 

torer,    Dewey  makes  more  abundant  and  the  oflener  you  hear  him  tbe  better 

use  of  foreign  materials ;    helps  him-  yon  gel  to  like  him ;  until  at  last  the 

self,  unscrupulously,  to  whatever  he  preacher  sub^es  into  the  friend,  and 

finds  in  Carlyle  or  Guizot,  or  any  writ-  the  grave  divine  into   the  kind  oom- 

ei  of  theii  stomp,  suitable  to  his  pre-  panion. 

aent    purpose.       He   stands   between        Compared   with   Channing,    Dawej 

these  high  intellects  and  the  audience,  loses  much  in  regard  to  a  certain  e«- 

He  is  their  interpreter.      With  what  piousness  of  thotight,  and  espanatve 

tact,   however,  does  he  select,  com-  beaaty  of  declamation.     His  mind  is 

bine,    methodise,   and    extract ;    how  not   spread  over    so   wide  a  Geld   of 

nice  his  distinctions ;  what  point,  what  diought ;  ia  rather  concentrated  on  a 

pithiness   of   sense  !     These   are    his  few  striking  points.     Dewey  has  moie 

own.     Nor  are  his  solemn  declamation  ingenuity--4iiB  at^le  is  more  epigram- 

and  tbonghtful  aentimeot  less  borrow-  mstic  than  Chanomii's ;  batwith  leas  of 

ed.     They  are  as  individual  as  his  pe-  elevation  than  of  dignity.     Dewey  is 

cnliai  traits  of  character  and  temper.  perfectly  free  from  all  extravagance. 

As  a  writer  of  setmone  and  moral  all  bigotry  and  intoleianca.    Heufme 

discourses,  Dewey  is  perhaps  a  little  too  from  the  oracular  common-places  that 

elaborate,  with  an  occaaional  tinge  of  so  frequently  disfigure  the  fine  thou^t* 

sffectatioD.    He  is  scrupulously  acen-  and  terse  stjis  of  Emerson.    He  baa 

i&te  and  neat.     But  the  fault  of  his  none   of  the   fierceness  of   our   moat 

books  ia  the  merit  of  bis  pnlpit  dis-  powerful  political  writer — alsoaclargy- 

Qourses.     His  style  is  a  spoken  style,  man — firownson. 
and  hence,  when  coolly  criticised,  and       He  is  eminently  practical,  and  yet 

eompared  with  high  standards,  it  reads,  no  mere   praotical  man.     Dewey  has 

perhaps,    somewhat    flatly.      If  Dr.  besides  a  poetical  Staaj,  and  a  pnro 


gle 


I8U.]                                    Umtorim^ertmitf.  391 

Tflin  of  boaiane  Benlimetit,  often  glow-  piipciple, — the    ultimately    •overeign 

ing  with   a  generoDi  eloquence.     He  power  in  the  State.     In  faia  historf,  it 

looka  at  life  with  a  mild  eye,  and  feels  wise  and  reaaonable  democrat,  this  gen- 

the  wants  and  the  sufferings  of  liumani-  lleman  is  said  to  be,  in  the  field  of  actoftt 

hr.     To  supply  the  first,  and  remedy  politics,  a   fierce   partlMn.      We   eai^ 

the  last,  is   the    constant   aim  of  his  scarcely  credit  this.     True  democracy 

tboaghtful  biain  and  feeling  heart.  is  a  very  different  thing  from  jacobin- 

Tbe  great  work  ofMr.  Baneioft  is  a  ism,  let  it  be  defined  by  wbal  politicftt 

eritieism  rather  iban  a  history.    He  has  lexicographer  yon  please.     A  genilO' 

little  skill  in  mere   narratiTe,  but  he  man  and  a  philosopher  may,  and  indeed 

posaesses  the  most  philosophiool  spirit  should  be,  in  this  country,  a  demootmt 

of  any  writer  of  history  in  England  oj  of  the  old  stamp :  but  it  is  a  discredit  to 

this   country  since   Hume.     In    some  a  man's  heart,  as  well  as  a  censare  to 

points  he  even  surpasses  Home.     Un-  his  taale,  to  confound  himself  with  the 

questionably  his  inferior  in  elegance  of  herd  of  ignorant,  hireling,  pot-houae, 

s^le,  he  atones  for  this  defect  by  great  self-styled  democrats.     These  are  tha 

ingenuity  and   boldness.     He  is  oflen  very  men,   who,   when   they   acquire 

original  in  his  views.     He  has  some  power  oi  procure  office,  riial  the  ciai 

ohaptera  that  are  independent  essays  himself  in  despotiam  and  tyranny.  Tnr- 

inlhemBeWeB,andinwluchfaethoran^h-  bulent  demoeracyis  onlytne  reverse  of 

)y  eihauats  his  subjects  :  of  this  kmd  rigid  autocracy,   and  extremes   meet. 

are  those  on  the  Qaakers  and  on  Roger  Democracy  is  a  prioeiple,  and  dependa 

Williams.     We  will  fentaretosay  that  not  on  the  dress  or  fortune  of  the  man 

nothing  has  ever  been  written  of  tiie  who  teaches  or  professes  it. 

Quakers,  that  comprises,  in  the  same  Historians  have  heretofore  Ihoujifat 

space,  so  much  liberality  and  aeutenesa.  it  beneath  them  to  notice  any  class  but 

We  will  oppose  Bancroft  to  old  Bar-  the    highest,    or   perhaps,    sometimea 

clay  himself  or  Thomas  Sewall.     As  a  (with  an  air  of  conaescension),  the  mid- 

■peciman  of  his  originality,  in  an  indi-  dling   class.      Bancroft   more    wisely 

Tidual  instance,  take  his  character  of  looks  for  the  future  advancement  of  so- 

Sir  Harry  Vane,  so  different  a  man  ciety  from  the  elevation  of  the  lower 

from  what  other  historians  hare  lepre-  classes,  who  are  at  the  very  basis  of 

MDtad  him.  the  civil  polity.    The  foundation  of  ao 

As  a  mere  nairator  Bancroft  is  defi-  vast  a  strnciure  ought,  surely,  to  ba 

eient.     He  is  abrapt  and  dry :  wants  firmly  laid. 

oonlinoily  and  harmony.    But  this  very  If  the  value  of  a  writer  is  to  be  esti- 

abroplness  is  sometimes  quite  effective,  mated  not  onl^  by  the  number  of  his 

In  the  relation  of  hurried  savage  war-  judicious   admirers,    but    also   by   tha 

fare,  a  sea  Gght,  a  sudden  calamity,  loo  reputation  and  ability  of  his  pupils  and 

terrible  for  the  mind  to  dwell  on  a  mi-  followers,  great  should  be  thy  fame    ~  ~ 


note  consideration  of  particulars,  it  nobly  woo,  O  Goethe  1  The  English 
comes  very  seasonably,  to  aid  and  critic  and  expositor  of  the  great  Ger- 
heighten  the  general  effect     In  de-    man  is  Carlyle,  whom  Goethe  speaks 


ecription  our  historian  is  eold  and  elab-  of  in  Eckermann's  Conversations, 
orale.     His  mind  is  without  those  soft  having  a  finer  insight  into  German  an-      *  : 
melting  colors  that  charm  one  in  Rob-  ihors,  and  as  possessing  higher  sathetie  I 
ertson.     But  description  is  only  a  de-  eultare,  than  any  man  in  Germany —  | 
lightful  incident  in  a  history;  it  is  not  questionless,  a  compliment  to  the  admti-  i 
tbe  main  design.    In  portrait  painting  ing  critic  of  Fanst  and  Wilhelm  Heb- 
we   sbonid   place   Mr.    Bancroft  very  ter.     Still,  with  all  his  eredulitr,   hi> 
high:  on  the  same  level  with  Hume,  qnaintnesa,  and  affectation,  Carlyle  is  a 
and  only  just  below  Clarendon.    The  powerful  thinker  and  a  bold  writer. 
general  merits  of  his  style  sre  undoubt-  Often    absurd,   as   often    picturesque; 
ed.    He  isclose, connected,  clear,  with  frequently  fantastic,  and  yet  sometimea 
no  litde  vigor,  though  without  ranch  really  profound, 
elegance.                                                     The  American  commentator  on  Goe- 
Mr.  Baneroft  is  the  historian  for  the  the  u  R.  W,  Emerson,  also  the  disci- 
people.     Poets,  now-B-days,  write  for  pie  of  Carlyle,  or  rather,  perhaps,  the 
the  people,  and  why  should  not  hisia-  disciple  of  Goethe  through  Carlyle— « 
riaas?     He   tracea,  with    a   maaterly  sort  of  admirer  and  critic  at  aeoond- /'~'^  .^.-^I^ 
band,  the  progress  of  the  democratic  hand.    Mr.  Enteraon,  weaie  told,  tT»- VjOO^IL 


303  Unitarian  Porlraitt.  [Oct. 

Tailed  with  Carljle  on  the  ContlQCnl,  iliff  dogmatuU.    Id  treating  wilh  them 

where   he   stodied   German   literature  you  muat  have  a  Urge  sharo  of  faith, 

exactly,  asd  scanned  the  face  of  human  or  rather  credulity.     By  it  tbej  seek 

as  well  as  of  external  nature.     Some  lomove  mountains  of  raetaphyaical  dif- 

yeara  after  hie  return  honio  (meanwhile  ficultj,to  unriddle  the  dsikeat  problemB 

a  CDTrespondent  of  bia  gilded  fellow-  of  humanity,  to  discloae  the  secrets  of 

traveller),  ho  collects  his  miscellaneous  the  universe.     Vain  endeayor !     To  do 

papers,   reviews,  and  essays,  and  be-  them  justice,  they  have  high  aiuie,  Bpi- 

•omes  theeditorofbis  friend'a  n-ritings.  riluai   tien-s,  but   they   rush   in    with 

We  baTB  thus  traced  the  connection  boldness,  where  "angelsfearlo  tread  !" 
-of  Mr.  Emeraon  wiih  Carlyle  and  They  are  hardly  as  clear  and  practi- 
Goelhe,  to  mark  [he  resemblance  bo-  cal  as  they  are  darinR  and  presumpta- 
Iweeo  the  mind  of  our  American  mys-  ous.  Their  success  is  doubtful;  Iheic 
4ic  and  the  living  lights  of  the  old  tendency  injatious.  Injurious,  especi- 
world — lo  show  the  sources  of  his  in-  ally,  in  point  of  religious  creed  ;  for,  the 
Miration  and  the  origin  ofhiadoctiinea.  certain  effect,  the  sure  eud  of  their  phi-  | 
The  mind  of  Emerson  may  bare  been  losophising,  is,  Pantheism.  This,  by  . 
naturally  of  a  speculaliTe  cast,  colored  making  everytliing  God,  deatroyB  IM 
with  "  figures  and  fantasies."  And  very  idea  of  a  Deity  distinct  from  mat- 
yet,  there  can  be  no  doubt,  he  has  de-  ter  and  from  the  creatures  of  hia  plas- 
rived  much  from  the  greater  intellects  tic  hand. 

with   nbom   he  has  become   familiar,         The  sect  has  a  narrowing  inHaeace, 
both  by  study  and  personal  intercourse,  not  only  from  the  very  fact  of  its  being 
To   employ  a   favorite   instrument   of  a  aect,  but  also  from  the  reiteration  ^ 
criticism,  the   parallel,   we   may   call  its  favorite  topics,     These  are  of  pro- 
Emerson  the  American  Carlyle.     Ra-  gress,   of  insight,    of   the    individual 
ther,  however,  from  some  peculiarities  soul.   Most  true  and  weighty  are  they ; 
ofstyle  and  certain  doctrines,  than  from  yet,  by  being  eternally  harped  on  bm 
the  general  cast  of  his  mind  or  the  spirit  insulated,  they  lose   their  effect;  and  i 
of  his  philosophy.    In  this  he  is  a  mys-  out  of  their  proper  place,  like  figures 
tie.     Carlyle  ia  no  one  thing,  and  of  no  transposed,  their  force  and  complexiOB  I 
aect.     In  originality  of  thought,  Car-  ia   entirely  altered.     In  this  way  tha  ' 
)yle  is  superior  :  in  purity  of  language,  highest  troths  may  be  converted  into, 
Emerson  has  the  advantage.     In  style,  may  be  made  to  assume,  the  appeac- 
he   is  quaint  enough  at  times  lo  suit  ance  of  the  rankest  falsehoods. 
Digby  himself.     He   has  lesa  natural        The  style  of  these  writers  deserres 
fancy,  perhaps,  than  the  English  writ-  to  be  noticed.     Their  favorite  method 
0r  ;  but  more  of  a   scholastic  humor,  of  composition  seems  lo  be  tranapoai- 
As  a  scholar,  we  suspect  his  studies  tion,  involution,  a  conciseness  approach- 
foil  pretty  much  within  the  same  circle,  ing  to  obscurity,  and  sometimes  aclu- 

Mr.  Emerson   ia  the   leader   of  the  ally  obscnring  the  thought.     They  are 

new  Boston  school  of  philosophy — the  writers  of  maxims,  thinking  to  make 

sect  of  wise  men  from  the  East;  a  old  thoughts  appear  new,  by  the  sirik- 

school    which   has    a  certain   daring,  ing  form  in  which  they  are  moulded. 

tranacen dental  spirit  of  its  own,  but,  so  Uo  the  tritest  topics  they  are  on  tha 

far  as  weoan' discover,  holding  no  very  look-out    for   soma   grand    discovery. 

K seise  doctrines,  and  without  any  one  They  will  not  believe  truth  has  been 

nd  of  union.     Its  sub-leadera    and  and  is ;  they  think  it  is  to  come.  They 

separate  teachers  each  declare  a  modi-  look  for  a  revelation  ;  they  seek  asign ; 

fication  of  the  grand  doctrine  for  them-  but  their  oracles  are  not  always  veta- 

selves ;  each  are  their  own  instructors,  cious.   There  are  lying  prophete  among 

They  compose  an  independency  of  Dpi-  them.     In  all  probabilitj  ther  employ 

nion.    They  unite  to  differ.    Referring  this  form  to  hide  the  truth.     It  is  easy 

everything  to  the  individual  soul,  they  to  speak  falsely  in  euigmas ;  it  Ja  al- 

must   entertain    within    themselves    a  most  impossible  to  lie  in  plain  phrase. 
contrariety  of  belief,  a  mixture  of  sys-         Much  of  this  censure  applies  to  Mr. 

tems.    They  are  now  ahrewd  and  prac-  Emeraon  as  the  exponent  and  grud- 

tical,  again  absurd  and  visionary,  at  maatei  of  tha  school.    He  has  less, 

last  high  and  spiritual,  bowever,  of  these  defects  than    hit  I 

The  tone  of  the  sect  is  at  once  mys-  friends  and  followen,  writen  in  the 

tieal,  aphoiiatio,  oracular.     They  are  "  Dial."  ^— .  {  , 

Digitized  6,  Cjooqle 


1844.]                                     lAntenm  Porlnutt.                                       993 

Ur.    Emenon   has    not    publUhed  for  me  id  wordi  t     The  leiUcM  tnes 

mooh  ander  the  sauctioa  end  wiih  the  beeomeipiietef  flemeiDthe  eaDsct,with 

warrent    of   hie    neme ; — chiefly    ed'  the  hlee  eeit  for  theii  beekgroend,  end 

dreBeeBandlactureaCunprinted),pnp«rB  the  (teie  of  the  deed  celicee  of  flowert, 

in  the  Dial,  and  e  little  book  geneinilj  and  everj  withered  item   end   etubble 

lueijeed  to  him— Netnre.'  to.eed  with  fpo«.  eoetrthete  K.meth.ng  to 

There    are    three    poinU,.  legally  the  mute  music, 

apeakino,    we    would    make    in    thie  „, .     .       ,.  ,    i       -  ,-            ^    . 

eCSh-ithte.  topic;  the  f.ncy,  the  T'"  '•";•'  de.onplion  ough   to 

elyle,  and  the  ,oiee  of  Mr.  Emer.on.  *^V    "I"'  hndeeepe,  with  a  color- 

Mr.  Emereou'e  fancy  i.  the  echolei'e  '"«  f,  '••"•'On  !  in  a  word,  a  ..utt- 

fancy;  olahorate,  quaint,  eriitciali  a  ""°'*'P"",°"-,_              .        . .     ,, 

Utile  eaaggctated.elightly  fanlaetical  j  ..  The  etyle  nf  Emeraon  le,  with  all 

eanght,  pJrb.pe,  from  foreign  eonrcna ;  "•  P""?  »'  ~'»  l""g"'g<i.  ■«  other 

a  rSviTal  prolihl,  of  Plito,  of  the  '"JJ»»  »o»  ".mpure 

poetic  Nen-Plelonl.le,  etrangely  miu-  ™  .l"""J''^8   *"'•"    "  ™"'   "^ 

iled  with  the  dreame  of  Sw.d.oborg,  'onlinnity.    Thie  very  defect  eeenren 

fh.  re.eriei  of  the  Keutian  philoei.  """'  tgnoraol  admirer.,  who 

phy,  and  the  noble  aepirutione  of  Goe-  „  „.    j     _.,t     j.  ,.  l  c        r      .     » 

Ute.     Emoreen'a  ftncy   ie  generelly  "Wonder  with  a  foolieh  face  of pr.«e.'" 

■ITO.  Take  the  foUcw  ng  picture  oSt  „  ^"  ."  »  ■'""'"8  and  inipree.ire. 
ofNatore:"  ""'«  »  "7 /aoHy  i .  ■■  't"!"—  "'l 
^^  we&knesa.  Il  vas  said  of  Seneo  that 
^^ut  in  other  honn,  Kalnre  HlitBe*  IL'".""''"?"  were  sand  without  ImiB 
the  wnl  purelT  by  it.  loreliBew,  >Dd  T*""  n>ay  be  much  more  wulj  BBid  of 
without  aoT  miiture  of  corporwl  benefit.  Emerson,  to  whom  Seneca  w  quite  ■ 
I  have  leen  the  spectacle  of  morning  flowing  wnlet.  It  may  be  said,  the 
ttota  the  hill-top  over  sgainat  my  house,  book  of  books — the  words  of  the  wim 
from  da^breali  to  sunrise,  with  emotions  man,  and  the  sentences  of  the  preach- 
wbich  an  angel  might  share.  The  long  er — »re  purely  fVagmentsry.  But  they 
slender  ban  of  clond  float  like  Sehes  in  are  complete  in  themselies,  and  lh« 
the  sea  of  crimson  light.  From  the  earth  Book  of  PrOTerb*  Je  literally  meant  to 
as  ■  shore  I  look  out  into  that  silent  sea.  be  made  up  of  detached  sayings. 
1  teem  to  partake  its  rapid  transforma-  Emerson.  howeTer,  writes  an  addresa, 
tfons:  the  aetiye  enchantment  reachM  „^  jeliTere  a  lecture,  whicii  ia  not  one 
my  dait,  and  1  d Jale  and  conspire  w,ih  ^  ^  throughout,  but  made  up 
the  morning  wind.  How  does  Kalsre  "''"  "°  ■""'=■  ,  ■  '  ',  i-l  ,  ' 
j-ifi.  .  '.K  .  r™.  J  v_  i~_«...i  of  centos,  ful  of  scattered  and  heteio- 
deiir  ns  with  a  few,  and  cheap  elrmentiT  —  >■  -  i  .  -  - 
GiTe  me  health  and  a  day,  and  I  wiU  genfous  thoughts  and  fanciea. 
make  the  pomp  of  emperors  ridiculous.  .  Emerson  s  voice  is,  in  fashionable 
The  dawn  is  my  Assyria  1  the  snuset  and  phrase,  "a  magnificent  organ,  full, 
moon  rise  my  Paphos,  and  unimaginable  rich,  deep,  with  sweelnosa  and  esprei- 
realms  of  fairiej  bnvtd  noon  ihall  be  aion.  Unfortunately,  it  is  rather  mo- 
my  England  of  senses  and  the  under-  notonous.  It  suits  his  style  admirably, 
standing;  the  night  shall  be  my  Germany  It  marks  him  as  a  sort  of  male  sybil ; 
ofmjstio  philosophy  and  dreams.  with  little  action,  and  no  grace  of 
« Not  lesi  eicellent,  eicept  for  oor  less  address,  he  is  the  most  impresaiTO 
susceptibility  in  the  afternoon,  was  the  lecturer  we  have  heard 
charm  of  a  January  snnset  The  wrtt-  jj^  ^ij^,  chiefly  ^^  ^  certain  "pre- 
■  ern  clouds  divided  and  subdivided  them-  _:,:|,n"  (tateliness  of  manner  and  em- 
selves  into  pink  flakes  modulated  with  .  ,  j..-,,.;^™  w,.  >,..  .„™,t 
.-..•.  eaf  .....IL.i,.w^  _n.._.  .-J  iKo  phaaiB  of  elocution,  ile  has  some- 
rh.S'rm'u^.tf"\n'J?,^t;ihlt  what^l-e  mortified  look  of  a  Puritan. 
it  wa.  a  pain  to  come  within  doors.  But  he  is  very  far  from  being  that. 
What  was  it  that  Nature  would  say?  Ofhis  published  works  his  addresses, 
Was  there  no  meaning  in  the  live  repose  wi'h  the  defect  of  style  we  have  men- 
of  the  valley  behind  the  mill,  and  which  tioned,  contain,  notwithstanding,  point- 
Homer  or  Sh^peaie  could  not  re-form  ed  senlences,  shrewd  remarks  and  oc- 

*  StDCe  this  character  was  originally  written  (some  years  since),  an  admirabta 

Tolome  of  essays  haa  been  pnblish-d  t^  this  writer,  which  plaeei  him  in  the  first   (^  ,~.,^,-t 
lankoTthettunlMnofthucaiintiT.                                                                          V^jOO^  < 


3M  UnitMim  Porlraiu.  [Oct. 

QuioDftl  fnllneBS  of  lioh  dselunatian.  ofthenitoralbenefacton,     Henolanger 

In  hie  diTinily  addcesB  ocDnra  the  beet  w"it»  for  puling  gales,  bot  by  meam  of 

defioUIoiiofpreiicbiDBveoaaTecolleet.  *t«am  he  reaiiui  the  tkUte  of  folu's 

'Preaehiog   is   ths  eipreMion   of  the  W.  «niJ«rrie«-the  two  mnd  thirty  winds 

moT^  sentiment,  in  applicstion  to  the  l".  ^^^  ^>^"  "^  •"«  1«»V    ^o  duniiush 

dnUesof  life.'    This  may  be  callBd  a  fr'rtion.  he  pave*  the  ro*iw.th  iron  b«r^ 

low   view,  but  let   us  not   forgot   that  "''.""".""'"■S  "^-^h  w.Ui.BhiplMdrf 

— ~i=i  »r  Jii  ...^.  .!.>..  ,k.     .^ ™™.  anifo«'«  "d   merchandise  behind 

inodeloraH  preachers,  the   sermon  on  y^.'he  darts  through  the  coBatrj,  from 

tho   Mount.     It   was    Btnctty,   a   dia-  ,owi  to  town,  like  sa  eagle  or  a  s^aUow 

eoatMofdmnemorahlT.     Ho  notices  ihrongh  the  air.    By  The  aggregate  rf 

m  s  phrase,  the  capital  secret  of  all  ^„e  gyg  ij  the  face  of  the  world  ehing- 

preaching,  '  to  convert  hfa  into  trnlh  :'  ed  (hwn  the  era  of  Noah  to  that  of  Kapo- 

to  import  personal  experience  into  re-  Icon  ]    The  private  poor  man  hath  eiiiea, 

ligioos  doctrine.  ships,  eanals,  bridges,  bnilt  for  him.    Be 

"  Nature"  is  an  essay   dascriptiTe,  goes  to  the  post  office,  and  the  hnman 

ttsthetical,    moral,  psychological  and  raeemnof  hisenandBi  to  the  bookshop, 

prophetic.     It  is  fuU  of  matter,  pithy,  and  the  hnman  race  read  and  vrrite  of  idl 

•hrewd,  and   often  eloquent.      In  the  that  happenafor  him;  to  the  court  howe, 

efaapler      on     "   commoditj,"     there  ""^  nations  repair  his  wrongi.    He  s«la 

is   a  brilliant   passage  on   the   nseful  ^''  '""'»*  "J""  ^'  ">^'  •»«  '*•"  human 

arts,  a  part  of  which  we  qnole  as  afine  ™«  B"  ^'^  every  morning  and  shovd 

■  .f  the  volume.  out  the  snowand  eat  apath_for  hunl" 

As  a  thinker  we  have  ealled  Emer' 
son  a  mystic.     Mysticism  being  com- 

■eoici  owe  lo  QBiore.     i  ma,  oi  course,  is  pounded,  partly,  of  high   apiritnol  io- 

B  benefit  which  is  temporary  and  mediate,  stincts  an*  partly  of  ignorant  rashness, 

not  nltimate,  like  its  seiviee  to  the  soul,  must   be  a   very  unsafe   bada  for  anjr 

Yet,  aUboagh  low,  it  is  perfect  in  iu  kind,  scheme  of  philosophy.     It  mast  nm  its 

and  IS  the  only  use  of  nature  which  all  followers  into  abstirdilieB,  as  weU  aa 

iDNi  •Pprehend    The  misery  of  man  ap-  ;„(„  „„i,,g  ^i„,  „f  ([,„    j,l.     It  is  an 

pew,  hke  chil^  Pf' "'"?«•, '"«!  7"  inspired  revery,  and  when  the  dreamer 

eiplore  the  eieadj  and  prodigal  provision  „„.>,„  v„  .„i,„  ,„  ;„„(r„„,„.i  ._„! 

that  has  been  inade  for  his  support  and  '"?''"'  *•«  »"»^". "  ineffectual  aepi- 

delight  in  this  green  ball  which  fioals  him  "'"""«  '"^.  ?<"'f"B">''  "f  'd™"?-      «« 

through  the  htaveng.    What  angels  in-  **""■  precision,  even   if  he  haa  the 

vented  these  splendid  omamcaW,  these  po"er  Ui  effect  anythmg.      Mr.  Emer- 

rieh  conveniences,  thiaoceao  of  ait  above,  »en  ia  a  strong  man,  and  can  work  hin- 

thw  ocean  of  water  beaeath,  this  flrma-  aelf  clear  of  these  ineumbrancea,  bat 

ment  of  earth  between  1  thi«  codiae  of  all  of  his  admirera  cannot, 
lights,  this  tent  of  dropping  clouds,  this        Asa  orttic  we  would  place  EmeteoB 

striped  coat  of  climates,   this    fourfold  high,  if  he  gave  natnore  criticiams  like 

jearf      Beaals,  fire,  water,  itoues  and  that  of  Goethe.     We  conceive  him  to 

eomMrvehini.    The  field  is  at  once  his  be  a  man  of  analytical  rather  than  ciea- 

ioor,  his  work-yard,  bis  play-groand,  bis  (jve  powers.     He  can  dissect  more  e*. 

garden,  and  hn>  bed.  sUySanco. 


Aa  a  religionist  we  leave  his  Divini- 

addresses  to  speak  for  ihemselvea. 

II  is  very  eaay  to  see  that  this  gentle- 

"  Natnre,  iu  its  mtnittry  ta  man,  ii  not  man  is  a  man  of  theory,  and  not  mnoh 
only  the  materia],  bat  it  is  also  the  pro-  given  to  practical  logic.  Strict  acga- 
eeis  and  the  result.  All  the  parts  inces-  meul  night  dispel  some  of  theee  "  cob- 
•Botlyworkintoeachother'ghaDdsfaTtbe  wabs  of  the  brain"  he  has  so  indoatri- 
profitofman.  The  wind  wws  the  seed ;  ooaly  apan,andprecipiuie  thedownfcU 
tte  sun  evaporates  the  sra  i  the  wmd  „f  (j,„|;  yiaionary  notions  that  are  even 
bUrws  the  vapor  lo  the  field  i  the  ice,  on  _,^  ,„„„>;.„  „„  ,i,_  _„-.  „r  Jutmn. 
the  other  sidrof  the  planel,  cond<^s«s  f.*^  tottenngon  the  verge  of  deetmc- 
Tain  on  this;  lie  rain  feeds  the  plant;         JLl       ,  ,     r.  ^  -    .1. 

the  plant  feeds  the  animal;  and  thns  the  The  character  of  a  Reformer,  in  the 
«ndiees  drenlaUous  of  the  divine  charity  p«sentstateof  civilisation.caonotwith 
H«ii«h  man.  prudent  thinkera  be  expeoteil  to  meat 

"The  useful  arts  are  hot  re-pradnctiona  with  much  favor.  In  ttvB  first  plaeCt  it 
oiMW  cMubinationB  by  the  wit  cf  man,    implies  a  pteanmptaeua  confidence,  and 


s¥ 


1M4.]  Uititarimn  Portrmts.  398 

Ml  a*erw«ei)iDg  uaumption,  that  sata'  the  apirit  of  democracy,  ta  honhlj  a" 

rally  excite  oppoaition,  since  tbey  ap-  Toachstoae  judged  thoae  not  eonaeetod 

pear  to  court  it.     Beaidee  this,  it  dia-  with  the  court — "  Hut  thon   been  at 

plays  some  ignorance,  certaiDly,  and  a  court,  shepherd  1 — ihoa  artio  a  patlone 

great  deficiency  of  reveience,  to  slight  stale — thou  art  damned. "     His  style, 

the  endeaTots  and  aetnai  expeiimente  too,  with  great  merit,  has  equal  bdta. 
'   ia  full  of  vigor  and  earnestness,  hot 


.  by  the  wise  counaellore  of  a  to  the  last  degree  copious,  and  running 

past  age.    The  aims  of  the  reformer  over  into  diBUeBQess.     Still  it  is  nerer 

ars  too  often  nild  and  uasatisfactory.  Tague  and  unmaaning,  however  prolix 

He  employs  little  diaciimj nation  in  hie  and  tiresome;  the  metaph^sioal  aniclea 

schemes  of  ameliorating  the  world.  He  in  this  journal,  by  thie  writer,  were  us- 

woutd  undo  all  that  has  been  done  (  the  quesuonably  open  to  this  charge — the 

good  as  well  as  the  bad.    He  seems  lo  tiireads  were  so  Rne  sdud,  as  toXecome 

consider  the  whole  body  politic  as  ooT'  almost    iadistinguisbalile.       Clearness 

rapt,  rather  dian  that  certain  portions  and  fluency  are  the  oharaeterislics  of 

•fit  are  diseased.     He  looks  on  all  Brownsou's  style,  which,  seldom  exhibits 

mrasent  ills  as  perrading  every  part  of  much  condensed  force  or  epigrammatio 

It — as  chionio  disorders,  instead  of  be-  point.     We  think  we  can  discover  the 

ing  merely  local,  and  in  many  instances  secret  of  Brownson's  manner.     It  was 

temporary    affections.     Such   is,    too  probably  assumed,  at  first,  for  the  pur* 

often,  liie  pwture  of  a  modern  refer-  pose  of  impressing  distinct  ideas  on 

met.  common  minds,  as  the  Tehicle  ef  popn- 

Ilke  true  reformer,  like  Time,  which  lar  instroction.     For  ^is  object  it  is 

Bacon  represents  as  the  greatest  of  in-  exactly  suited.     But  it  is  not  the  style 

jwrators,  is  more  cantious  in  bringing  for  echolars,  nor  men  of  reflection.  It  is 

in  new  measures ;  before  he  concludes  too  thin — a  transparent  veil,  disclosing 

a  idao,  he  first  consider*  the    coet.  all  at  first  sight.     It  is  gold,  attenuated 

There   are,   doubtless,   many  evilg   in  to  the  thinnest  anrface :  mere  leaf:  all 

the  world — mitch  suffering — genuine  surface,  n-ithout  depth  and  bulk. 
wntchedness,  not  always  brought  on       As  a  lecturer  or  pamphleteer,  Mr. 

by  folly  or  crime.     There  is  ungene-  Brownson  has  rare  merit.     His  cele- 

lODS  oppression,  and  virtual  tyranny,  brated  pamphlet,  in  which  he  laid  (^n 

Vid  hantnesa  of  heart  in  the  rich  and  his  doctrine  of  property  and  inheritance, 

powerful,  and  selfishness  in  the  easy  is  not  muWt  inferior  to  the  best  political 

and  luzurions.     Still,  evil  is  to  be  eon-  writing  of  Hazliit,  full  of  personal  feel- 

qoered  by  good,  not  by  new  evils.  ing  and  a  certain  colloquial  energy.    If 

The  true  government  is  that  which  not  quite  as  polished  and  terse  as  Paine, 
teaches  us  to  govern  ourselves  and  it  is,  perhaps,  still  more  popularly  writ- 
allow  full  scope  for  independent,  but  ten.  The  lectures  and  addressee  of  the 
int«lligent  action.  Reformers  ate  apt  same  author  are  models  in  their  form 
to  talk  of  government  as  if  the  people  and  manner,  however  heretical.  He  is 
did  not  create  the  state,  bat  rather  the  a  ready,  full,  spirited  speaker  and 
state  the  people.  thinker,  on  his  legs ;  almost  as  much  at 

Mr.  Brownson  is,  perhaps,  the  most  home  m  a  keen,  logical  discussion,  as 

prominent  example  we  can  present  of  in  a  flowing  strain  of  ardent  declun»- 

the  general  class  of  reformers.     Yet,  titm. 

as  he  has  been  so  much  noticed  already       Am  a  general  thinker,  a  scholar  aod 

as  a  political  specnlatist  aod  theologian,  a   man,    the    Editor    of  the    Boston 

we  will  not  repeat  the  common  crili'  Quarterly  is  much  entitled  to  respect, 

oisms  on  his  versatile  and  somewhat  However  we    may  censure  apparent 

fickle  turn,  but  restrict  ourselves  to  a  vacillationsof  the  theorist  (the  result  of 

few  remarks  on  his  literary  criiioisms  a  quick  and  restless  intellect,  and  a 

and   general   claims  as  a  writer    and  singularly  mobile,  speculative  charao- 

tbinker.     In  his  capacity  of  critic,  Mr,  ter),  still  the  sincerity  of  the  man  is 

Brownson's  judgments  are  far  from  in-  unquestioned.     A    manly    character, 

&llible.     He  tries  matters  too  much  by  right  or  wrong,  is  not  to  M  put  down, 

a  political  standard.     Formerly,  when  least  of  all  by  enemies.     To  conqnet 

•roit    with  the  spirit  of    an    agrarian  this  strong  man  by  reason,  by  experi- 

eqnality,  he    judged   moralists,   poets,  ence,  by  friendliness,  by  Love  :  this  is^  -~.  . 

historians,  if  not  strongly  tinged  with  the  only  way.    A  man  of  humanilyJ^QQQ  |  ^ 


306                                         Umlarian  Portraitt.                                     [Oct. 

with  a  strong  sense  of  joBliee;    sn  nihecthanprofonndi  ofhiseditorialeft- 

hooest  Teligiooist,  s  politician  without  ie«i  we  know  little.    Few  artieles  are 

being  a  partiBan,  Mr.  BrowneoD  must  asccibed  with  cerlaintj  to  hia  pen.    He 

be  instinctively  a  Democrat.  He  may  bo  wrote  atrongly,  it  is  known,  of  the  Hall 

a  Democrat  distinguished  from  the  mass  and     TroDope    school    of   tra<rellet« : 

of  those  so  called,  yet  the  bias  of  his  laboring  to  infuse  an  American  spirit 

feelings,  his  hopes,  his  tendencies  mnet  into  our  growing  literature,  and  a  high 

lie  in  that  direction.     As  a  philauthro-  standard  of  right  and  duty  into  Ameti- 

pist,  he  must  see  thai  the  people,  the  can  politics.     It  is  not  as  a  periodical 

body  of  the  nation,  are  to  be  chiefly  re-  writer,  howeTer,   (thus  far)  that  Hr. 

gardcd  by  government.     The  rich  may  Everett  haa  attained  his  present  poai- 

Uve  in  forcig'n  climes.     The  scholar  is  tion.     Still  ne  look  for,  at  least,  one 

partly  (though  by  no  means  sufSclently)  claKsio  work  from  the  pen  of  this  flue 

protected.        The   professions    defend  writer.     His  chief  sDccess  lies  ins  dif- 

themselres :     the     arts   depend    upon  ferent  field. 

all.  But  the  people,  confined  to  one  The  jitrrory  mjifmi,  in  the  hands  of 
soil,  too  busy  for  much  acquisition,  born  Everett,  has  become  a  classic  form  of 
to  labor,  have  rights  that  they  cannot  writing;  a  species  of  oratory  the  growth 
be  ever  disputing  and  defending,  but  of  the  present  century.  Difieringfrom 
which  government  and  taw  are  bound  the  leetare,  in  being  less  strictly  didac- 
to  preserve  pure  and  inviolate  for  them,  tic,  it  is  the  elaborate  eloquence  of  the 
Judging  thns  of  out  ablest  political  fine  scbolar.  The  occasions  of  ila 
writer,  by  inference  and  the  general  display  are  generally  either  the  cele- 
aeope  of  his  labors,  we  think  we  may  brationofaliterary  festivai,oranepoch 
safety  assert  that  he  still  will  return  of  a  political  history  ;  or  eulogies  of 
into  the  bosom  of  the  circle  of  princi-  the  sorts  so  common  with  the  French 
pies,  if  not  of  sasociates,  he  has  tem-  wits.  Of  these  three  classes,  are  the 
porarily  forsaken.  A  pure  Democracy  admirable  orations  before  the  Phi  Beta 
will  not  interfere  with  his  churchman-  Kappa  Society,  the  orations  at  Ply- 
ship  :  for  what  church  is  more  essen-  mouth,  Concord,  Worcester,  Cam- 
tially  democratic  than  the  Roman  I  In  bridge,  Charlestowa  end  Lowell,  and 
this  hope  and  with  this  belief  we  leave  the  masterpiece  on  Lafayette, 
him.  Mr.  Everett  does  not  limit  himself 

With  a  slight  characteristic  sketch  to  merely  literary  or  purely  historical 

of  our  present  minister  to  Mhgland  we  orations.     He   occasionally   addresses 

will  close  our  portrait  gallery,  for  the  the  mechanics'  institutes  and  scientific 

present.      Edward   Everett   furnishes  lyceums.     He   makes    capital    dinner 

one  of  the  best  specimens  of  American  speeches  before  an  agricultural  society. 

eloquence.    A  finished  scholar,  a  grace-  He  can  turn  the  neatsat  compliment  u 

fal  writer,  an  accomplished  orator,  he  the  world,  and  delights  his  hearers  even 

is  an  incarnation  of  the  very  spirit  of  on  the  most  ordinary  occaaions.     Inva- 

elegance.     We  can  no  more  imagine  ri ably  his  aims  are  high  and  generous, 

his  doing  an  awkward  action  than  liis  He  is  an  ardent  patriot,  and  wishes  to 

writing    a    clumsy    sentence.      Ease,  difluse  the  privileges  of  education  and 

grace,   propriety    of   Eenliment,    good  political   lotelligence    throughout    the 

sense  and  pure  sentiment :  these  are  country.     His    endeavors    have   evet 

his  leading  traits.     To  grandeur  of  im-  been  warmly  excited  on  behalf  of  the 

Bgiuation,  brilliancy  of  fancy  or  vigor  people,  though  he  is  far  from  being  a 

of  argument,  he  has  little  pretension.  demagope  in  his  appeals  to  bad  pos- 

The    chief    character   Everett  will  aions,  or  in  hia  low  views  of  praetieal 

mstain  with  posterity  will  be  that  of  a  politics.     His  inoate  purity  of  charac- 

palished  writer  and  graceful  orator,  an  ter  would  deter  him  from  that,  as  well 

induBtiious  scholar,  with  fine  taste ;  his  as  the  inflaeoce  of  his  elevated  ptu- 

aoqnitements  are  select  (we  imagine)  suits. 


lizcdbyGooi^le 


1H4.]  L^mdt  tfllM  Suns. 


LEGENDS    OF    THE    SIOUX. 


[H*>lii(  piiacd  ■  vrlnm  amoiit  Ihe  Slou  Nitlon.  t  twit  Ickintd  IVoffl  ibdr  dvd  llpa  iduj  wtld 
Itfuid^  wbieb  u  me  v/en  InitreHlni  ud  fall  If  noreltr.  The  Mlairliii  wu  idaicd  u  mc  b* 
Ihs  Tiro  Hem*.  aChteref  Uia  Bni[«int«  o(8lM<.) 

MAKT,verjinaDy,  wiDten  since,  the  and  wild  iinprecBiiont,  she  npbruded 

Sioux  -neie  proud  to  aeknowledev  »m  the  Great  Spirit. 

thieit    head   chief,  the  Matter  Bear.  "  Whjr  have  jan  taken  from  me  the 

Renowned  for  his  nndioDled  courage  treiterona,  the  noble,  and  the  brave  1 

aa  a  warrior,  and  for  his  tvitdom  and  Why  did  not  ;our  arm  fall  on  m«,  and 

power  of  eloquence  in  conncil,  in  his  spare  him,  that  he  might  have  died  vic- 

aingle  peraon,  as  head,  he  united  in  one  torioua  over  his  eDemies,  singing  his 

common   interest   ihe   many   different  death-song !     The  death  of  a  warrior 

bands  of  SioQX.     His  name  was  a  ler-  should  have  been  his  ;  he  should  not 

ror  to  all  inimical  surrounding  nations,  have  died  like  a  dog !     Since  you  have 

When  victory  was  gained  by  him  killed  him,  kill  me,  and  this,  his  son 

,   over  our  ancient  foes,  when  returning  (who  has  now  no  one  to  support  him). 

'    from  oonqoest,  with  many  bloody  sealpa  and  we    will  join  him   in   the    Spirit 

as  trophies,  or  even  when  coming  from  land."    While  uttering  each  impreca- 

tbe  chase  anccetaful,  he  aaeritwd  his  tions,  faint  with  the  loss  of  blood,  she 

auoeoBses  not  to  his  own  power,  bat  to  fell  asleep, 

that  of  the  Great  Spirit.  During  her  sleep,   in  a   vision   the 

Strong   was   his  influence   over  us,  Great  Spirit  appeared,  and  thus  aocoat- 

aince  we  looked  up  to  him  as  the  be-  ed  her  :  "  Squaw  of  the  Master  Bear, 

Joved  one  of  the  Great  Spirit.  that   you   should   bemoan   the   loss  of 

But  where  ia  the  man,  whether  red  your  husband  ie  natural,  bat  that  yon 

or  white,  that  at  some  time  wiU  not  should  find  fault  with  me  ia  impious. 

err !  "  You  have  done  wrong,  very  wrong, 

In  an  evil  honr,  he  partook  of  the  but  iu  consideration  of  yonr  hnsband, 

Minny-WarkA,    strong    water   of   the  who  ia  now  happy  in  the  spirit  land, 

whiles,   and  in  a  drunken  brawl  was  and  for  whom  1  have  strong  affection, 

killed  by  his  intimate  friends.  T  will  forgive  your  folly. 

You  must  not,  Bellocoscar,  think  this  "  Moreover,  as  a  strong  proof  of  how 

strange,  for  the  ted  man,  when  nuder  much  I  loved  the  virtues  of  your  hos- 

the   inflnencB  of  fire-waler,    becomes  band,  and  have  always  under  mv  pro- 

poaaeased  with  the  Evil  Spirit,  and  he  tection  the  widow  and  the  fatherless,  I 

kiKiws  not  his  friends  from  his  foea.  will  eanse  yonr  child  to  grow  to  per- 

Blood,  and  only  blood,  he  thinks  of  then,  feet  manhood  in  three  days'  time.     Ha 

no  matter  from  what  sooroe  it  Howe.  must  be  called  the  Lone  Bull,  as  hit 

In    this    disgraceful     manner,    the  termination  of  life  will  justify  his  name. 

Master  Bear  felt  into  the  long  sleep.  He    shall    be    renowned    among    bis 

Having  dressed  him  in  his  best  anit,  nation  as  a  hunter,  warrior,  and  strong 

and  furnished himblaoketa, robes, meat,  medicineman. 

tobacco  and  pipe,  a  bow  and  quiver,  full  "When  this  I  have  told  yon  eomee  to 

ofarrowB,  we  placed  him  on  a  scaffold,  pass,  forget  not  to  place  your  entire 

and  after  killing  a  few  horses  for  Lis  dependence  on   me,   and   never    urge 

use,  we  left  him  to  find  the  trail  to  the  with  reproach  the  actiona  of  Uie  Great 

Spirit  btioting-groond.  TheSiouxlong  Spirit."    With  these  few  words  the 

bemoaned  his  loas.  vision  departed. 

When  the  news  of  the  death  of  the  Judge  of  the  aalaniahment  of  the 

Haater  Bear  reached  his  lodge,  the  dis'  sqnaw,  when  she  awoke,  to  £nd  the 

tresB  of  bia  sqnaw  (who  waa  left  with  child  of  her  bosom  a  lovely  hoy  aa 

an  infant  on  her  breast)  exceeded  all  large  as  boys  generally  are   of  ten  or 

common  bounds.  twelve  winters.      His  featurea  wero 

With  her  knife  she  cnt  her  limbs  and  not  unlike  those  of  his  Ailher,  though 

free,  otDsingtbe  blood  to  flow  freely  ;  more  beautiful ;  manlineaa  was  not  yet 

teariog  her  hair,  witk  fraotiej  soreama  ittinpod  upon  his  cotmtenance. 


Google 


MS                                            Ltgmii  of  the  Simis.  [Oot. 

With   feir   mingled   with   J07,    ibfl  Sealed  in  a  circle,  and  having  filled  thft 

mother  related  to  the  medicine  meo,  big  medicine  pipe,  the  whole  baod,  with 

and  chiefs  of  the  Tillage,  her  vision,  the  eiceptianofihs  Lone  Bull,  snioked. 

and  showed  the  child  as  3  proof  that  Separate  and  apart  from  the  rest,  hs 

■he  Bpoke  Btraight,  and  not  with  a  forte-  emoked  his  pipe  in  eilsnce.    After  har- 

ed   tODgne.     All   were    antoaished,  as  ing  finished   smoking,  the  Lone   Bull 

they  well  knew  that  but  the  evening  came  into  the  centre  of  the  circle,  and 

before  the  child  was  a  suckling.  tbns  opened  bis  moulh  : 

Much  did  the  astonishment  of  oor  "  Warriors,  from  mj  childhood  to  ihia 
people  increase,  whan,  in  aecordance  honr  I  haveheen  nnderthe  guidanoe  of 
with  the  vision,  on  the  second  night  the  Great  Spirit,  and  wilfaont  his  aid  I 
the  lad  bad  increased  in  size  and  ap-  should  be  nothing.  He  has  kindlf 
pearance  to  a  young  man  of  twenty  manirestsd  himself  to  me  ibis  day,  and 
winters:  and  on  the  third  night  had  lold  me  what  oonrse  to  pursae.  Tba 
attained  perfect  manhood.  Great  Spirit  has  said  that  you  all  mntt 
Bold  and  stem  were  his  features,  remain  here  and  smoke,  while  I  will 
and  hia  brow  indicated  the  mind  of  a  approach  the  Pawnee  village,  and  widi 
resolute  vrarrior.  In  bodily  appear*  my  single  arm  will  be  victorions. 
aocD,  none  in  the  nation  were  vqual  to  "  Warriors,  I  ask  yoor  approval." 
him  in  height,  strength,  and  activity  of  At  first  amazement  was  depicted  on 
limbs.  Singularly  lonely  in  bis  cha-  the  faces  sf  all,  hut  after  malnre  delilK 
tacter  and  manners,  the  name  chosen  eration.they  aaid,"It  is  thevoiceof  tfa« 
by  the  Great  Spirit  was  cheerfully  ac-  Great  Spirit ;  we  will  listen  and  obey." 
corded  him  by  all.  Solitary  and  apart  Under  the  cover  of  the  daikneM, 
from  others  be  would  eai  his  food,  and  while  the  unsuspecting  Pawnees  wera 
smoke  hia  pipe  iu  silence.  Alone  buried  in  profouad  slumber,  the  Lona 
would  he  depart  front  the  village  on  Bull  approached  the  village,  and  indta- 
the  chase,  to  return  with  his  animals  criminately  wiped  it  out  of  existence. 
loaded  down  with  the  choicest  bufialo  Many  were  the  scalps  he  look,  and 
meat.  Plenty  reigned  in  the  lodge  of  the  darkness  of  midnight  glitter«d  with 
the  Lone  Bull,  and  those  who  visited  the  blaze  of  tlie  Pawnee  lodges.  Joy- 
him  never  went  away  hungry.  ful  was  the  sight  to  the  sleepless  war- 
Silently  would  he  enter  the  council  riors  who  were  watching  from  tha 
of  onr  natioD,  and  never  woald  he  open  neighboring  bill  i  their  shrill  war-whoop 
his  month  nnlil  called  on  by  the  head  rent  the  air  with  acclamaticna. 
chief.  When  he  arose  the  silence  of  The  Lone  Bull  joined  his  ccMnpft- 
thfl  coming  tempest  pervaded  the  nions.  No  pompous  excitement  of  vie* 
assembly.  I  can  hardly  give  you  in  lory  showed  itself  open  his  counta- 
worda  the  fall  force  of  his  oratory,  nance.  Calmly  and  dispassionately  ha 
He  would  commence  like  as,  in  nature,  divided  the  fruits  of  his  victory  among 
does  the  head  stream  of  the  lather  of  the  warriors,  allowing  himself  do  mora 
watera  with  a  peculiar  ttUl,  tilent  scalps  than  he  attolted  to  each. 
e/o^cRcr,  greduaUy  increasing  in  pow-  On  the  return  to  their  own  villaga 
er  and  volumo,  till  none  could  with-  doubly  great  was  the  rejoicing  of  their 
stand  its  flow.  friends,  since  so  splendid  a  victory  was 
The  whole  Sioux  nation,  acknow-  achieved  without  the  loss  of  a  singla 
ledging  his  manly  eloqaenco  and  varied  man.  Feasting,  dancing,  and  singing' 
powers,  with  much  ceremony,  made  him  in  honor  of  this  achievement  lasted  sev- 
a  chief,  furnished  him  men,  and  allow-  end  davs.  Not  long,  however,  did  the 
ed  him  to  attempt  his  essay  on  his  first  Lone  Boll  enjoy  the  hard-earned  fruits 
war-path.  At  that  time  onr  ancient  of  hia  first  war-pa^.  "Green-eyed 
ibes  the  Pawnees  were  much  more  for-  jealousy,"  with  its  tboorand  malicioaB 
midahle  in  numbers  and  strength  than  reports,  soon  spread  itself  mmong  tiM 
now ;  they  had  not  become  a  nation  of  Sioux  natians. 

old  women.     The  greatest  eaolion  and  To  the  honor  of  our  nation,  this  jeal- 

bravery  were  necessary  for  the  Lone  oasy  confined  itself  among  the  many 

Ball  to  soeceed  in  this  bis  first  enter-  young  and  inexperienced  waniors ;  the 

prise.  older  heads  still  looked  on  the  Lmie 

After  ttsvelliag  for  one  moon,  they  Ball  ss  an  agent  in  ths  hands  of  the 
came  in  view  of  the  Pawnee  village,  ~  Great  Spirit, 

and  halted  for  eoanocl  and  delibetatian.  The  young  wsrrwrs  held  a 


oogic 


ISU.]  Ltgtndr  cfUit  SiMU.  3M  \ 

among  themselvM,  and  delermined  to  breasts  of  the  Siouz,  consequent  on  ths  \ 

get  up  a  war-pany  against  the  Ctows.  loaa  of  so  maof  yousg  wBTriare. 

At  the  urgent  solicilation  of  the  wai-         Many  moons  after  this  painful  OC' 

riors  of  many  winters,  though  contrary  currence,  news  was  spread  among  the 

to  their  own  wishes,  thej  invited  the  Sioux    nation,   that    the    Crows    and 

Lone  Bull  to  partake  with,  them  in  the  Snakes   onited,  intended   with  one  Ml 

slorj  of  their  intended  exploit.    Silent-  swoop  to  wipe  out  eTerj  Sjpux  lodge. 

^  he  accepted  their  iusoleut  imitatioo.        In   this  emergency,   >11   eyes   wero 

to  the  surprise  of  all,  since  he  had  not  turned  towards  the  Lone  Bull,  and  fae 

before  been  called  in  the  council  where  wae  ohnsen  unanimously  tbe  head  Wax 

they  took  into  consideration  this  second  Chief.  With  the  reluctance  belonging  to 

expedition.  true  merit,  he  wished  todecline  the  ar- 

Approaching  the   Craw  village,   as  duous  bnt  distinguished   honor ;  hut  at 

before,  all  being;  seated,  they  commenc-  the  argent  solicitatioa  of  the  Mediciiw 

ed   smoking  the  pipe  prior  to   taking  men  aud  oid   chiefs  of  the   nation,  he 

counsel  of  each  other.     The  Lone  Bull  waa   compelled  to  accept.     The  moat 

•ntoked   hie  pipe   by   himself.      After  eflsclive   preparations   were   made   to 

smoking,  he  came  within  the  assembly,  meet  the  expected  onset, 
and  for  the  first  time  since  he  had  left        All   hearts  beat  proud  and  strong  in 

Ilia  Tillage,  thoa  addressed  them  ;  anticipation  that  the  time  would  soon 

"  Warriors  1  Closed  must  have  been  arnre,  when  they   would   be   able   la 

my  eyes,  aad  deaf  ray  ears,  not  to  have  erase  the  memory  of  their  last  defeat, 

perceived  and  heard  that  jealousy,  which  with  the  hlood  of  their  enemies. 
ismore  cruel  tbandeathihasbeenexert'       In  daily  expectation  of  ihs  contest, 

ing  an  inSnenceoveryoD, greatly  tomy  the  Lone  Bull  would  separate   himself 

grejBdicB.     It  is  the  wish  of  the  Great  from  his  friends,  and  by  humiliation  and 

pitit  that  I  shonld  lemain  here  and  fasting,  endeavor  to  propitiate  the  &vor 

smoke,  while  you  may  go  and  fight.  of  the  Great  Spirit.     We  have  reason 

"  Warriors  !    Numerons  as  you  are,  to   think  that  his  efforts  were  not  in 

and  strong  as  ate  your  hearts,  but  few  rain. 

of  you  will  TBtotn  home  to  tell  the  dis-       The  morning  before  the  attack,  the 

grace   of   yoor  defeat.      The    Great  Lone   Bnll,   coming  into    the  eouoeil 

Spirit  has  so  willed  it.     He  wishes  to  lodge  of  our  nation,  thus  spoke ; 
teach  otir  nalioa  thenecessity  of  entire        "Warriors!   For  the  last  time  in  the 

dependenceon bim.thatlhoymaynever  ahapeofraan,!  now  address  you.     In 

have  occasion  again  toboast  of  numeri-  the  din  of  battle  you  will  bear  my  wu- 

cal  strength.     1  have  dona."  cry,  and  my  death  song  ;  but  they  w^ 

Angry  and  fierce  declamation  follow-  be  spoken  to  the  Great  Spirit.     Ton 

ed  the  reception  of  the  speech  of  Iho  will  be  victorious.     I  shall  be  the  onlj 

Lone   Bull.      Boiling   with  rage,  and  one  of  you  who  shall  fall.     Much  blood 

shrieking  the   war-whoop,   heedlesalj  will  revenge  my  death, 
tbe  warriors  mshed  on  to  the  combat.         ■■  Warriors!  One  favor  lask,  and  not 

Warm  was  the  conflict.  only  ask,  but  demand   at  your  hands. 

But  a  short  time  elapsed  before  the  So  soon  as  I  fall,  rescue  my  body,  and 

wind  brought  down  to  the  ears  of  the  take  it  to  the  first  herd  of  bu&lo  yon 

Lone  Bull  tbe  fai  off  notes  of  the  Crow  meet ;  kill  one  of  the  largest  bulls  of  the 

song  of  victory.     Only  a  few  escaped  band,  chop  off  his  head  from  his  trunk, 

to   return  with  tbe  Lone  Bull  to  tlie  and  mine   from  my  body  ;   breathe  on 

Sioux  village.  my  head  and  oa  the  trank  of  the  fauf- 

SoteiDD  waa  the  tread,  and  humble  falo.     Yon  will  see  the  result. 
waa  the  appearance  of  the  small  band        "  Warriors !  Soon  shall  I  be  allowed 

as  they  approached  the  home  of  their  the  high  privilege  of  personal  eom- 

frieods.  munion  with  the  Great  Spirit,  and  wtU 

iDateadofbeiogwelcomedwithmerry  at  times  have  it  in  my  power  to  wam 

songs  and  dances,  wild  shrieks  of  lament'  you  of  impending  danger, 
ation  came  painfully  on  their  ears.   The       "Warriors!  In  tbe  hands  of  the  Great 
widow  and  the  orphan  met  tbem,  to    Spirit   (whose  servant  1  am}  I   learn 

upbraid  them  for  their  dismal  defeat ;  you. 

while  the  old  warriors  hung  down  their  "  When  you  hear  in  the  voice  of  the 
heads  in  silence.  Time  alone  could  thauder,  the  deep  tones  of  his  wrath, 
asaoago  the  grief,  deep-aeated  in  the    forget  not  the  warning  ;  and  when  thn     C  ~'  Of^ll  Ip 


400                                      Tk«  Joumty  of  a  Day.  [Oef. 

sun  of  proiperily  sfainei  on  your  wu-  TlfO  boldest   warrioT.  the    atUetie 

path,  and  his  bountiful  hand  supplies  hanlet,  the  strong  Medicine  msn  aaA 

jon  with  game,  forget  not  his  beneStB."  eloquent  orator,!^  f^en.     Our  loss 

As  the  euD  commenced  falling  to-  was  irreparable, 

wards   the     Big    Salt    Lake    (Pacific  In  accordance  with  the  wish  of  the 

Ocean)   the  war-whoop  of  the  Crows  Lone   Boll,  the  Sioux  look  his  body  to 

and  Snakes  w«ounded  through  Ihe  Tal-  the  first  herd  of   baffalo,  killed  one  of 

ley  where  were  the  Sioux  Todgea,  re-  the  largest  bulls,    and  did  as   he   m- 

verberating  in  shrill  echoes  from  hill  to  quested.      Immediately    on  breathing 

hill.  npon  the  head  of  the  Lone  Bull,  and  the 

Furious  was  tbeir  charge,  bat  they  body  of  the  buffalo,  both  showed  signs 

were  met  by  warriors  strong  of  heart,  of  returning  vitality.     The  man's  bead 

burning  with   deaire  to  fight   hand  to  fastened  and  grew  to  the  trunk  of  the 

hand,  Kir  victory  or  death.  bnlTalo.    Silently  rose  the  Lone  Bull 

Prodigies  of  valor  were  enacted  by  from  the   ground,   and  with  a   look  of 

the  Lone  Boll,  contending  in  the  midst  approval  on  all  arooud,  turned  upon  hia 

of  bis  enemies,  where  battle  raged  the  tracks,  and   fled   within  the  fastnesses 

hottest;  nnmeioaa  were  the  Crowa  and  of  the  mountains. 

Snakes  sent  to  the  spirit  land,  deprived  When  threatening  danger  bangs  orei 

of  their  scalp  locks  by  his  hand.     Not  our  nation,  we  often  hear  the, low  bel- 

one   of  that  wai-party  ever   returned  lowing  of  his  voice  as  warning.     The 

home  to  tell  the  nsws  of  their  defeat.  favorite  place  of  his  resort  (where  he 

The  L(Hie  Bull,  pierced  with  many  has  been  seen  by  a  favored  few|  is 

arrows,  singing  his   death  song,  sank  aroondtbe  head  waters  of  the  Yellow 

into  the  long  sleep.     Not  alone  did  the  Stone.     There,   silent  and   alone,  ho 

aquawe  cry  over  his  body ;  over  the  communes  with  the  Great  Spirit, 
scarred  features  of  oar  bravest  braves, 

liie  big  hot  tears  rolled.  B. 

Noneich,  Conn.,  Aug.  SIM,  1844. 


THE  JOURNEY  OF  A  DAY; 


"  HrMT  af  na  mil  It  Kbool  lh<  MlUa  poeni,  tnddRl  the  'JoamcT  of  iDir'— I  ianotUa  Ihoaflil 
Ihaina  mora  besoiiriil  dij's  journey  amli  be  nmde  tbvi  ibcouih  thli  uHoty,  beftonlDg  u  Gaj- 
loct  In  Ihe  motnlnt,  uii]  enitUig  vllh  the  xetUnE  nia  ■!  Ihe  EiKle'tNeiL" 

PuBia  fkvm  Fna't  HoruHi'j  Senwui,  ntlhe  Berkihlre  JoUIee. 

Tbis  passage,  which  we  give,  as  near  counties  by  the  Hoosac  chain  of  monn- 

as  we  can,  from  recollection,  fastened  tains,  a  branch  of  the  Green  moootaiciB 

itself  on  our  minds,  and  we  resolved  to  of  Vermont,  and  from  New  York  by  & 

make  the  Journey  ourselves.     The  en-  branch  of  the  Taeonac,  it  has  been,  uo- 

tiie  len^h  of  the  county,  from  north  to  til  lately,  very  little  known,  except  to 

south,  IS  fiAy  miles,  and  if  the  ascent  its  own  people.      Now,    since    th« 

of  the  Greylock  was  made  the  evening  opening  of  the  Western  Railway,  it  is 

before,  so  that  the  joomey  shoold  begin  on  the  ^eat  highway  between  Boston 

from  the  top  at  sunrise,  it  was  possible  and  the  IVeat,  and  is  as  easy  of  access 

in  thirteen  boors  to  pass  down  through  as  any  part  of  the  eonntry.    At  the  ex- 

the  valley,  nsceod  the  Dome  of  the  la-  treme  north  and  sonth,  stand  two  gig*n- 

conac,  and  get  a  last  view  of  the  set-  tio   mountains,   like    sentinels   at   th« 

ling  Ban  from  the  "  Eagle's  Nest."  gates  of  the  valley,  the  Greylock  on  the 

The  connty,  at  is  well  known,  coTers  north  and  the  laconac  on  die  south, 

the  westera   put  of  Massachosetts,  Between  these  points,  at  an  average 

stretohing  across  the  eotire  breadth  of  breadth  of  twenty  miles,  is  spread  out 

the  State.     Separated  froin  the  other  one  oftha  fioeat  reBi<Mi*  that  tha  -~ 


Google 


1844.1  Tie  Jounuy  of  a  Day.  40I 

ahiDeHupoii;ftTs]|ey  ofmioDssapeoi,    the  ran  osme  forth  in  the  elaar  tkj, 

filled  with  gentle  bilU —  first    brighteoing   tbe    mauauia    tope 

through  the  circle  ut'   a   hundred  and 

"Broad,  round,  snil  green,  thu  in  the    fifty    miles    diameiet,   then    tbiowiag 

smnmer  »ky,  light  duwn  their  sides  and  into  the  toI- 

With  gMniinre  of  wsTing  grass  and  leys,  and  over  the  lakes  and  ri^ere. 
n    I     ^^"""j  ■.      L      r       .   V    ,  ■      ,■       ""   indescribable.     It"    any    torer  of 

WMli'  Seen   the    ,nn["^  'Lu"'"^  ^'i    """^  "i^"'"  ^  »««  ^er  in  her  mo^ 

"""'^^redbctUr"'    ''^"     "'    ^.gnincentaspea,  let  hin.  goto  the 
Wherebrawlo'eDhallowbedsthestreamj    |"P.  "^  *«ch  &  mountain  as  the  Grey- 
unseen."  ""'   '"^   '"^  ''"'  '^^  ">  >  clear 

morning'. 

Here,  loo,  we  rentute  to  saj,  ie  The  roonntain  coDaieta  of  three  ridgea, 
American  rural  life  in  its  beat  aspect  tnoning  north  and  aouth.  The  middle 
Here  ia  a  hardj  population,  neither  one  is  the  highest,  where  siaads  the 
tieh  nor  poor,  accustomed  to  labor,  obaerratory,  2iJU0  feet  above  the  plain, 
generally  intelligent  and  Tirtuoaa,  and  and3600abOTelidewater.  Vastaalstbe 
engaged  principally  in  agriculture,  prospect,  tbe  mountain  itself,  as  yon 
Farmers  they  are  cdled  \  bnt  we  hare  look  down  npon  it,  is  acarcelj  less 
Derer  liked  that  word ;  it  does  not  ex-  striking  ;  with  its  immense  pioportioDS, 
press  the  true  conditioa  and  character  the  sea  of  forest  which  swells  over  it, 
of  our  freehoiding  cultiTSton  of  the  the  dark  ruTiues  into  which  you  look, 
soil.  Farmer  really  signifies  a  tenant,  particakily  the  Hopper,  a  deep  gorge, 
an  intermediate  person  between  the  athouaand  feel  down.  It  is  frightful  to 
landowner  and  the  laborer;  an  in-  look  into.  The  sweep  of  the  eye  from 
ferior  to  the  higher  person,  the  land'  the  observatory  takes  in  a  tract  of  not 
holder.  Neither  "  farmer,"  nor  less  than  15,000  square  milesiBmbraciDg 
"  yeoman,"  can  be  properly  applied  to  parts  of  Massachusetts,  Vermont,  Coa< 
our  American  cuiliTators  and  owners  of  neelicut,  New  York,  as  far  as  the  Ad- 
the  soil.  Laadowner  or  planter  is  a  iiondack  chain,  west  of  Ohamplaio,  and 
belter  word,  and  designates  more  ae-  even,  it  ia  aaid,  a  part  of  New  Hamp- 
ouralcly  the  occupation  and  character  shire, 
of  the  man.  Half  an  hour  afler  snnrise,  we  left 

The  crening  before  the  ijar  fixed  for  the  observatory,  and  made  our  way 
the  JDuniey,we  passed  np  from  Pitts'  down  the  mouaiain.  An  hour  brought 
field  to  North  Adams,  on  the  eastern  us  to  the  valley  of  Willianiaiown. 
side  of  the  Greylock,  through  the  val-  This  is  an  irregular  valley,  walled  in 
ley  of  the  Hoosac  (where  by  the  way  by  high  mouniains.  The  Hoosso 
there  was  rich  scenery  enough  to  re-  comes  in  at  the  southeast,  and  passes 
wardoneforaweek'slabor),andascend-  off  to  thenorthwest,  through  a  part  of 
ed  the  mountain  on  tbe  nortti-esst.  The  Vermont,  towsrds  the  Hadsoo.  In  the 
asoeat  was  fatiguing  enough  to  make  midst  or  the  valley,  there  rise  three 
ns  sisep  son ndly,  though  onr  eagerness  hills,  in  and  around  which  are  the  vil- 
broDght  o«  up  the  next  morning  by  Isge  and  the  colleges.  Imagine  ihres 
day-break,  that  we  might  see  the  son  high  ridges  approaching  each  other  to 
lise.  The  morning  was  clear.  The  within  four  miles,  one  from  the  soulh, 
brightest  stars  were  still- twinkling  in  uiother  fram  the  west,  and  ihe  third 
the  heavens.  The  silliness  was  intense,  from  Ihe  northeast,  then  three  hills  in 
As  we  8.11  upon  the  uiwervatory,  watch-  the  csntre  of  the  valley,  a  bright  river 
iug  the  dawn,  we  heard  the  beating  of  coming  in  from  the  soulheast,  winding 
uur  own  hearts.  There  was  soarce  a  at  the  bottom  of  ihe  central  hills,  and 
breath  of  air.  Tliij  icees  stood  still  as  goin^  out  in  the  opposite  direction ; 
if  they,  like  nutuelves,  were  watching  then  imagine  these  hills  crowned  with 
for  tlie  morning.  One  afler  snother  college  buildings,  and  the  while  houses 
the  stats  went  iiui,  tight  streamed  up  of  a  New  England  viliage,  and  you 
the  honznn,  the  long  jagged  ridge  of  have  Williamstown.  It  has  chanced 
tiie  oaaiurinuost  mountains  became  to  us  to  wander  far  in  our  day,  and  to 
dielin.-:t,  Llien  Uie  tops  of  the  nearer  see  many  seminaries  of  learning  in  uui 
hills,  ttMii  the  vuIIhvs,  until  the  sun  own  and  foreign  lands,  but  we  havo 
shot  up  from  behind  the  great  mountain    never  aeen  one  in  so  beautiful  aseat  m^~.  . 

wall  seventy  miles  oil".    The  effect,  as    this.  CjOOQ  IC 

vol..  XT. — MO,  LXXTL  27  O 


MB  The  Jntmey  of  a  Dag.  [Oct. 

Willkme  Colle^  has  been  founded  here.  The  pfaca  ia  shown  on  the 
fifty  yeus,  and  ihongh  from  its  aLtna-  banks  of  ihe  Hooaac,  where  (he  first 
tion,  the  number  of  atudenia  has  not  misEtonarics,  then  etadenu  in  ihe  col- 
been  BO  great  Eu  al  Beveral  of  our  cul-  lege,  concocted  and  matored  Ibeir 
leges,  it  has  done  ita  full  ahaie  in  nur-  plans.  There  arc  not  mKny  places  on 
turing  the  minda  of  America.  It  ia  the  globe,  of  more  interest  lu  the  true 
not  a  little  to  ita  honor,  that  with  amall-  phiUnlhropiat.    . 

et  endow  me  nta  [ban  most  othera  of  oar        Leaving  Williamatown,  our  ro&d  la; 

eolle^ea,  il  waa  the  first  in  thia  country  along   (he  narrow  Green  Hirer  pass, 

to  build  an   astronomical   obaeriHlory.  through   South -Williamaiown  to  New 

Sines  Ihen,  it  haa  received  a  princely  Aahford,  a  thinly,  peopled  township  on 

gift  from  a  gentleman  of  Boston,  an  the  rugged  hills  that  spring  ftom  the 

additional  mesne  of  uaefulnesa,  which  roots  of  the  Greylock.     Out  of  these 

we  know  will  be  well  applied.  hilla  begins  the  HousiLtonic  as  s   bab- 

■Williams,  the  founder,  was  one  of  bliug  brook.  To  say  that  the  whole  of 
those  men,  whose  character  and  life  the  road  waa  beautiful,  would  give  but 
are  of  the  best  example.  In  his  youth  a  vague  ides  of  it.  Fur  the  first 
he  led  a  seafaring  life,  which  he  afler-  four  miles  il  lay  along  the  base  of  the 
wards  Tclinquiafaed ,  at  the  desire  of  Greylock,  with  the  Hopper  in  fuQ 
hisfalher.  in  hisvoyagea  to  England,  sight.  Then  the  paaa  became  narrow- 
Holland,  and  Spain,  he  acquired  grace-  sr.  The  hills  were  covered  with 
fnl  manners  and  useful  knowledge,  wood;  the  streams  ran  challering  over 
which  led  him  to  aee  ihe  deficiencies  beds  of  stones,  and  the  giasa,  still 
of  his  early  education,  and  to  desire  to  wet  with  the  dew,  giialened  and  threw 
giTO  others  better  advantages.  In  the  odors  in  the  sir.  At  New  Ashford  the 
first  French  war,  he  waa  a  captain  of  lerel  ceased,  and  the  road  roae  and 
infantry.  After  the  peace,  be  was  sunk  with  the  hillN.  The  approach  of 
placed  in  command  of  Fort  Massachu-  autumn  was  foretald  by  its  first  mes- 
setts ;  which  waa  established  in  (hia  senger,  the  yellow  tinge  on  ibe  leaf  of 
falley,  and  was  one  of  the  defences  of  the  maple,  which  peered  out  from  ihe 
New  England,  before  the  expulsion  of  midst  of  Ihe  summer  green,  as  much 
the  French  from  Canada.  as  to  say,  "  Autumn  ia  coming." 

On  the  breaking  out  of  the  seven         The  last  New  Ashford  hill  brought 

years'   war,   he  took   command   of  a  us  in  sight  of  Lanesho rough,  the  Iiske 

ragiment,  and  was  ordered  to  join  Gen.  Pontooauc,  and  the  valley  of  the  Hon- 

Johnaoa,  stthe  head  of  LakeHoricon.  saconic,   stretching   far    away   to   the 

Thereon  the  moroing  of  Ihe  8tb  of  Sep-  sooth.     A  southerly  breeze  now  spniag 

Icmbei,  1755,  at  the  age  of  43,  he  was  up,  and  bore  to  us  the  perfume  of  nevr 

killed   St  the   head   of   the  advaoced  mown  hay  and  of  innnmerable  flowers, 

guard,  attempting  to  atre&t  the  assault  LanesborooghhaBlheaappctafaparelj 

of  the  French  under  Bieskau.     The  agricullnral  township.    The  village  is 

spot  where  he    fell    la    itill    pointed  a   straggling   one,  and  not   attractive, 

oat  to  the  traveller,  by  the  road  aide,  though  ils  situation  on  the  broad  gieen 

Before  night  hia  comrades  had  avenged  meadows,  and  in  the  face  o^the  sooth- 

his   death  ;   for,  falling   back   on   the  em  line  of  hills,  goes  far  to  redeem 

main  body,  they  leceived  and  routed  ita   other   defects.     One    feature    the 

the     French     army.         While    Wil-  place   haa   of   nncommon  beanty,   ita 

lisms   was  absent  on  this  expedition,  lake   Pontoosuc,  or    Shoonkemoooke, 

knd  a  few  days  only  befoie  hia  death,  as  it  was  aometimea  called.    It  covers 

he  made  hia  will  containing  the  beqnest  some  fourteen  hundred  Borea,  and  ila 

that  has  given  rise  to  the  college.  bright  water,  the  road  along  ita  margin. 

On  the  college  catalogue  are  tlie  and  the  tall  trees  that  shade  it,  make 

names  ol  maoy  men  who  have  bornB  you  aorry  to  leave  it.     We  could  not 

high  public  trnsts.     Of  such   honors,  stay,  and  so  hastened  on  lo  FitteGeld. 
Wtlliama  has  her  full  share.     But  her        What  shall  we  say  of  Piltsfietd,  the 

highest  are  in  the  names  of  Bryant,  hospitable,  the  beautiful  1     Jnat  fresh 

young  Ijamed,Bnd  the  miasiooaries.  The  from  the  Jnbilee ;  fresh  from  the  open 

■nlSBionarynndertakingsof  our  da^,ont  houses,  sad  the  open  hearts  of  her  peo- 

«f  which  have  come  the  ciTilisatioo  of  pie,  we  drove  into  the  village  with  the 

die  Pacifio  ielands,  and  so  unch  else  soeoea  of  those  two  dsys  still  ' 
of  good)  were  eoneeived  and  started  m     ■  . 


f  those  two  dsys  still  in  oyr-  r 

The  iuierveaing  waek  vaaisl^j  O  O  Q  I C 


1844.1  Th«  Journey  of  a  Day.  MS 

od.    We  itood  again  on  Jubilee  Hill ;  dark  and  ninyV    "No."    "Than," 

ve  went  down  to  the  field,  whare  the  repiied  Stark,    "  if  tho  Lord  shodld 

feast  was  spread ;  we  laughed  under  once  more  gi*e  aa  ennshine,  and   I  do 

the  old  elm;  we  saw  out  t'rieuds,  our  not  giva  joa   fighting  eaough,  I  irill 

fellows,   as   goiidlf  a  compaoy  as  wc  never  ask  yoa  to  come  again."     The 

shall  see  agaia  in  many  a  day.     Truly,  sunshine  came,  and  tho  lijihting  too, 

it  was  a  high   fesliTal,   worthy  to  lie  and  wall  and  bravely  did  that  Berkt- 

cominemarated,  wuctbylo  be  lepeated.  hire  band  bear  themseUes.     Some  of 

The  Talley  of  the  Housatonic  hare  the   refugees,   it    is   siid,    recognized 

widens  lo  its  greatest  breadth.     Pon-  him,  and  said,  "  There  is  Parson  Alien 

toosuc,   the  Indian  name  (pity  thai  it  — let  us   pop  him."     When  the  firing 

had  not  been  retained),  signiGes_^eUybr  becMne  heavy,  he  jumped  from  a  rotk 

detr.     Plea^nt  place  for  hunting  must  where  he  stood,  and  cried,  "Now,  boys, 

the  red  roan  have  found  it ;  and  plea-  let  qs  give  it  to  ihcm" — saying  to  his 

sant,  too,  for   a  Eojonrn    is  it   to  the  brother,  "  yoa  toad  and  I'll  fire."     Ho 

white  man.     The  village  is  the  largest  was  asked  if  he  killed  any  one.      He 

and  most  floorlshing  in  Ihe    county,  answered,  "  he  did  not  know;  but  that, 

There   are  several  pretty  houses  and  observing  a  flash  ol^en  repeated  in  a 

OTDamented  groauds,  and  the  general  bush  hard  by,  which  seemed  to  be  sue- 

Mpect  of  the  place  is  tbst  of  business,  seeded  each  time  by  b  All  of  some  one 

thtifi,  and  comfort.  of   our  men,  he  levelled  his   musket. 

There  are  four  men  of  the  formei  and,  firing  in  that  direction,  pat  out  the 

ioh^ilants  of  Plttsfield,  whose  names  flash." 

deserve  eapecisl  mention :  Charles  Woodhiidge  Little  came  heie  aa  a 
Ooodrtch,  the  first  settler ;  Thomas  A.U  lawyer,  in  1766 — fourteen  years  onlj 
len,  the  first  clergyman ;  Woodbridge  after  the  first  white  man  moved  into  the 
Little,  and  John  Brown,  the  two  first  town,  and  ten  years  after  the  settle- 
lawyers.  Goodrich  was  the  bean-ideal  ment  of  the  first  clergyman;  pretty 
of  an  American  pioneer.  In  1753,  at  good  evidence  that  there  was  need  of 
39  years  of  age,  he  cut  his  nay  fur  legsladTtceas  well  as  spiritual  instrno- 
miles  through  the  woods,  and  drove  the  lion,  as  soon  as  ever  the  setllemeals 
first  cart  and  team  into  the  town,  then  were  undertaken.  Like  many  of  those 
an  onsubdned  wilderness.  Here  ho  set-  iron  men,  he  lived  to  a  great  age — 
tied,  cleared  the  lands,  planted  fields,  seventy-three.  His  earnings  were  de- 
and  bade  others  follow  him.  They  did  voted  to  the  education  of  clergymen. 
follow,  till  the  land  was  filled  and  Doring:  his  life,  he  mads  a  large  gifl 
became  a  garden.  Generations  came  to  Williams  College  for  that  object; 
and  passed  away  under  his  eye.  He  and  at  his  death,  more  than  doubled 
lived  a  patriarch  among  many  children,  it. 

He  saw  one  revolution  and  three  wars,        John    Brown    came     seven     years 

and,  after  the  last  peace,  at  the  age  of  later  than  Mr.  Liide.     He   had   been 

96,  was  gathered  to  his  fathers.  a   short    time   resident    at    Canghna- 

Thomas  Allen  had  been  settled  as  waga.  New  York,  where  he  became 
the  clergyman  of  the  town  twelve  acquainted  with  Sir  John  Johnson, 
years,  when  the  revolution  began.  His  They  took  opposite  sides  in  the  dis- 
seal  led  him  at  once  into  the  forces,  putes  then  ripening  between  the  colo- 
In  1776,  he  was  chaplain  at  White  nies  and  England.  Brown  oame  to 
Plains ;  and  in  the  next  year,  at  Ticon.  Massachusetts,  and  was  soon  employed 
deroga.  When  Burgoyne's  invasion  be-  by  the  committee  of  correspondence 
came  alarming,  he  pnt  himself  at  the  to  go  into  Canada,  to  persnsde  the  in- 
head  of  the  Berkshire  volunteers,  and  habitants  to  join  the  other  colonies, 
reported  himself  to  Stark,  at  Benning-  He  ran  many  hazards,  but  foand,  with 
ton.  Before  day-light,  on  tho  morning  Franklin,  that  the  Canadians  nndar- 
of  the  Bennington  fight,  he  addressed  stood  neither  their  interests  nor  their 
thst  general — "  We,  the  people  of  rights.  After  the  battle  ef  Lexington, 
Berkshire,  have  been  frequently  called  a  project  was  formed  in  Hartford  la 
Upon  to  fight,  but  hare  never  been  led  get  possession  of  Ticonderoga  by  sor-  i 
against  the  enemy.  We  have  now  re-  prise.  Two  ofiicers  left  Haitlbrd,  prt-  I 
solved,  if  jou  will  not  let  ns  fight,  never  vately,  on  the  Sathof  April,  1776,  with 
lo  tnm  ont  agam."  Stark  asked,  "if  aixieen  onarmed  men,  and,  arriving  tsC  lOOO  lli^ 
be  wanted  to  march  then,  when  it  was  Pittafield,  commnnicated  their  platwto^-^^^^tSr 


4M                                     7i*  Joum«3/  0/9  Day^  [Oet. 

Brown  and  two  other  gentlemeo,  one  "MesorBerkchrel  wbow  nerrw and 

of  whom  woa   Ethan  Allen,  who  hap-  «ouls  ilie  u  oanlaja-air  has   braced,  yon 

pened  U>  ba  there.     Thej  collected  a  surely  will  respond  lo  him  who  siieakg  of 

force  of  230  BerliBhire  men  aud  Ver-  '^e  blessings  of  freedom  and  Ihc  misery  of 

monlese,  with  which  they  took  Tioon.  hondage.     I  feel  as  if  the  feeble  voice 

deroga  on  the  lOih  of  May,  and  Crown  "^J"^''  '""'  f^'''-";"  Jou  must  End  an 

Point  immediately  after.     Al  the  close  5jho=>nong  these  foresl-erewiied  he.ght,. 

of  the  same  year  he  was  wi.h  Mont-  ^^  '^^""  '"P"'  ""","'""8,"^  t^f'^ 

,    ' ,          „      rn     i         ¥  own  power  and  loftinesi  lo  men'i  toulal 

gomery  under  the  walls  of  Qoebec.    In  shoukT  oor  eom«K>nweaUh  ever   be  in- 

1777,  he  was  sent  to  relieve  our  pn-  „c!ed  by  vielorion.armie.,  freedom's  i»t 

•oners  at  the  outlet  ol  l>ake  lloriuon.  asylum  would  be  here.    Here  may  a  free 

Travelling  all  night,  he  aiwcbed  the  apjrii,    may    revereoce   for   all   hDaaii 

enemy  at  day-breaii,  relieved  our  own  rijibts,  may  sjmpalhy  for  all  tbe  oppret*- 

prisoners,  made  priaonere  of  2t)3  ofibe  ed,  may  a  stern,  solemn  purpose  loiive 

enemy,  tuuk  200  batteaux,  several  arm-  no  sanction  to  oppression,  take  slrMg;er 

ed  vesseU,  and  a  large  amount  of  pro-  and  ttroager  posseasion  of  men's  minds, 

periy.     Soon  after,  he  quitted  the  con-  »>>d  from  these  mountains  may  generous 

tieeoUl  aervice,  from  dialike  to^mold,  impulses  spread  far  and  wide !" 
to  whose  character  he  had  formed  an 

unconquerable  aversion.  Even  so  The  clock  was  slrikiog  noon,  ae 
early  as  1776,  he  had  publicly  charged  we  descended  the  Lenoi  hill,  on  tha 
him  with  levying  cootribolions  on  the  f<'ad  to  Slockbridge,  Gentle  reader, 
Canadians  for  his  own  benefit,and  vio-  ''"''  ^^er  cliance  10  you  lo  drive  from 
lating  his  solemn  promise  of  proieclion  I*nox  to  Stockbridge,  and  you  will 
given  to  tlie  iuhahilants  of  Lapralrie  Iflse  our  advice,  be  sure  you  take  the 
opon  their  Bubmission.  He  said  Ar-  Lake  Road,  You  will  then  passaloog 
Dold  would  prove  a  traitor,  for  be  hod  '^le  rim  of  the  "  Bowl,"  ihe  prelUest 
sold  many  a  life  for  money,  'ake  in  all  the  country,  and  you  will 
After  retiring  from  ibe  continental  come  upon  the  village  of  Slockbridge, 
service.  Blown  was  employed  by  Mas-  ^"^^^  '^^  ^'1'  behind  it,  where,  as  every- 
aachuseita.  In  1780  his  former  ac-  body  says,  is  the  best  view  of  the  river 
quaioiance,  Sir  John  Johnson,  with  and  the  "  Plain."  Come  down  at  mid- 
Iho  savage  Brandt,  desolated  central  day.  w  we  did,  or  what  ia  stil!  bet- 
Mew  Yorlt.  Brown  marciied  up  the  '^f.  come  an  iiour  before  sunset  on  a 
Mohawk,  with  180  men,  to  the  relief  summer's  day— then  say  if  you  ever 
of  Fort  Schuyler.  Joboaon  was  de-  ww  a  fairer  sight.  Take  in  tha  whole 
'3  country  to  the  north  of  circle,  the  Bear  Mountain  on  your  left, 
"                    ■      •    -          "■-'-"  "■— ■   -'■"'-  -■■  "e  Moni 


the  Mohawk.  Brown  received  froia  the  tall  flinty  cliHa  of  tlie 
hie  superior  an  order  to  attack  him,  before  you,  the  eiceeding  nchnesaof 
with  a  promise  of  support  from  the  'be  intervening  valley,  with  one  ever- 
rear.  He  obeyed  ;  the  support,  owing  green  hill  rising  in  the  midst  of  it,  the 
to  some  mischance,  never  came  ;  Uousalonic  winding  and  windingagain 
he  was  overpowered,  and  fell,  fighting  its  if  could  not  or  would  not  find  its 
St  the  head  of  his  little  troop,  00  bis  way  out,  and  tell  me,  if  there  ia  a  spot 
birtb-day,  Oct.  17,  1780,  at  the  age  of  '"  the  world,  where  yuo  would  sooner 
thirty-six.  Forty-five  of  his  men  fell  bring  a  wounded  spirit  to  repose,  or 
beside  bim.  where  you  could  yourself,  after  the 
From  Pittsfield,  a  drive  of  six  miles  wearisome  struggles  of  life,  more  rea- 
OTersomegentlebillsbroughlugtoLen-  dily  possess  your  spirit  in  peace. 
DOS  church.  For  a  fine  southern  land-  There  is  nothing  hereto  disturb  you. 
ecape,  come  here:  mountainandhill-tnp,  Ko  railway  has  ever  pierced  the  circla 
wide. waving  wood,  broad  meadow,  and  of  these  bit  la.  There  is  nothing  but 
green  hill  sides,  are  spread  out  before  deep  quietude,  the  freshness  of  nature, 

Jiou.   Onaterraeebelowreposesthevil-  and  her  own  sv«eel  voices. 
age,withthecotirl-houseon thecrestuf        The  peculiarity   of  tha   scenery   of 

the   neit  hill.      In   this  church,   two  Slockbridge  is  an   endless  variety  of 

yesrssgo,  the  1st  of  August,  1842,  the  pleasing  pictures.     Tliers   is   not  the 

anniversary  of  West  India  emancipa-  hold   scenery    of    Willi 

tion,  we  listened  to   Channing's   last  wherever  you  go   a   sweei   sceos   ui 

oublic  disoourae.     It  was  bete  that  we  rural   beauty.     The    frame-work   aofl-^  > 

liaard  bim  alter  those  stirring  words:  the  picture  shift  with  every  step  y«t_iOOQ|C 


18M.]  The  Journey  of  a  Day.  405 

ulie.  Hers  is  s  little  knoll  with  a  no  one  might  injure  7011.  Since  that 
alncnp  of  trees ;  tiiere  a  nook,  half  hid,  time  we  havs  ever  been  tiue  friends ; 
whence  ft  bcoiik  udera  wild  songs,  there  hat  never  been  any  quarrel  t>e- 
nightand  day  ;  yonder  is  a  glen,  where  tweenas.  But  now  our  condilianssro' 
a  munntain  lias  been  rent  asunder,  and  changed.  Yuu  are  become  great  and. 
Tasi  roclia  tljrown  into  the  cleft  as  by  tall.  You  reach  to  the  clouds.  Yon 
the  hands  of  Titans  :  and  over  Ibe  are  seen  all  round  the  wurld.  I  am 
river  ihere  rises  a  little  hill,  founded  on  become  small;  Tery  little,  lam  not 
loek,  and  coTered  with  laurel,  where  so  high  as  your  knee.  Now  you  lake 
the  voices  of  childhood  and  the  laugh  care  of  me  ;  and  I  look  to  you  for  pro- 
of young  gills  fill  Ihs  air  with  glad-  leclion. 
neas.  "Urulhera[    lam  sorry  to  hear  of 

Stnckbrid^e  was   originally   a  mis-  this  great  quarrel  between  you  and  Old 

■ionary  station.     John  Sergeant,  mis-  England.     It  appears  that  blood  must 

Stonary  to  the  Indians,  was   the   first  soon  be  shed  to  end  this  quarrel.     We 

white  man  who  set  foot  within  the  val-  never  till  this  day  understood  the  foun- 

ley.     He   came   in   1731,  making   his  dalion  of  this  quirrel  between  you  and 

way     through     the    wilderness    from  the  country  you  came  from.    Brothers  '. 

Springfield,  and  sat  down  by  the  wig-  whenover  I   see   your   blood  running, 

wants  of  the   Muhhekanews,  to  teach  you  will  soon  find  me  about  you,  to  re- 

them   the   knowledge   of   God,   while  venge  my  brother's  blood.     Although  I 

Woodbridge,  the  schoolmasier,  whom  am   low,  and  very  small,   I  will  giipe 

he  brought  witii  him,  taught  them  the  hold   of   your   enemy's   heel,  that  he 

mdimenis  of  human  learning.  cannot  run  so  fast,  and  so  light,  as  if  he 

The  Slockbridge  Indians  were  the  had  nothing  at  his  heals. 
■Dcient  lords  of  all  this  country.     A.c>        "  Brothers !  You  know  I  am  not  so 

cording  to  their  traditions,  their   fore-  wise  as  you  are,  therefore  [  ask  yoar 

fathers   came  from  a   distant   country  advice  in  what  T  am  now  going  to  aay. 

west  by  north,   CBOSsed  over  the  great  I  have  been  thinking,  before  you  corns 

waters,   and    after  many  wanderings,  to  action,  lo  lake  a  run  to  the  westward, 

arrived   at  the    Hudson.      From    the  and  feel  the  mind  of  my  Indian  brelh- 

Hudson,  they  aprsad   themselves  ea£t-  ren,  the   Six  Nations,  and   know  how 

ward,   and  named   the  pleasant  river,  they  stand  ;  whether  ihey  are  on  your 

whish  they  found  beyond  the  Taconao  Fide,   or  for  your  enemies.     If  I  find 

tidges,   the    Housatonii:,   that   is.  Me  they  are  against  you,  1  will  try  to  tura 

rivtr  beyond  the   hdlt.     They  called  their  minds.     I   think  they  will  listen 

theroselvea  Muhhekanew,  which     sig-  to  me ;  for  they  have  always  looked 

nified,  the  people  0/  tha  great  taaleri  this  way  for  advice,  concerning  all  im- 

continwally  in  motion.  portant   news    that   cornea    from    the 

The;  had  become  reduced  by  famine  rising  sun.     If  they   hearken   to   me, 

and   wars,    »o    that    during   the   mis-  you  will  not  be   afraid   of  any  danger 

sion,  their  average  number  did  not  ex-  from   behind     you.       However    their 

ceed   four   hundred.      They    were    a  minds  are  affected,  yon  shall  soon  know 

brave  and   faithfut  people.'    They  re-  by   me.     Now   I   think  I  can  do  yon 

eeived  their  missionary  as  their  friend,  more   service   in    this   way,    than  by 

and  from  that  day  to  this,  in  all  their  marching  off  immediately  to  Boston, 

migrations,   they  have  adiiered   lo  hira  and  staying  there.     It  may  be  a  great 

and  his  successors.    They  were  from  while  before  blood  runs.     Now,  aa   I 

that   time   forward  the   fast  frienda  of  said,   you  are   wiser  than  I.     I  leave 

the  white  man.    Their  friendship,  no  this  for  your  consideration,  whether  I 

doubt,   saved  the   early  settlers   from  come  down  immediately,  or  wait  till  I 

many  oalamitiea  in   the  French  wars,  hear  anme  blood  la  apilled. 
During  the    revolution,    they    served         "  Brothers !  I  would  not  have  yon 

faithfully  as  our  allies.     In   1775.  one  think  by  this,  that  we  are  falling  back 

of  their  chiefs  thui  addressed  the  Mas-  from  our  engagements ;  we  are  ready 

aaehuselis  Congress  : —  lo  do  anything  !br  your  relief,  and  shall 

"  Brothers  '.    You   remember,  when  be  guided  by  your  counsel. 
joa  first  came  over  ifce  great  waters,  I         "Brolhorsl  One  thing  I  ask  of  yon, 

was   great  and  yoa   were  little,  very  ifjou  send  for  me  to  fight,   that  yon 

small.     I  then  took  you  in  for  a  friend,  will  let  me  fight  in  my  own  Indian  way, 

__j  I.— J ^g^  so  that  I  am  not  useJto  fig"^- ■"--'--■- '—■•' — -^ 


aad  kept  you  nader  my  arms,  so  that    I  am  not  used  to  fight  English  fasbioi 


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4M  The  Jtmntey  of  a  Day.  COot . 

Ihererore  jrou  mnet  not  expect  I  can  Otia ;  or  the  wild  sceaea  of  Tjing- 

traiQ  like  joar  men.     Only  point  out  faftm  ;  or  ihe  twin  lakes  of  S&lisbuTT  ; 

to  me  tekere  your  enemies  keep,  and  or  (lie  falls  of  ihe  HousatoniD  :  or  the 

that  itaUIshall  want  to  know.  Taconac,  Dome  and  Falla  ;  forget  the 

They  kept  tlieic  word.     At  the  very  cates    of    the    busy    world,    and — ba 

breaking  out  of  the  war  they  acted  as  hapi;y. 

ntngnra  in  the  vicinity  of  Boston,  uti-         Seven   miles  more,  and  we  entered 

der   Yoknn,    one  of   theic'  tribe.     A  Great  Batrington,   known    to   Iheolo- 

full    company,    under    another   chief,  giins  as   the    homo  of  Samuel   Hop* 

named  Nimhim,  was  at  White  Plains,  kins,  the  founder  of  a  new  aobool  of 

where  ihey  sulfered  severely  both  in  theology,  and  better  known  (o   ua  aa 

Ih«  baltJc  and  from  sickness.  once  ihe  home  of    Bryant.      Ma-bai- 

In  ITS5  and   1TB8,  the  remnant  of  We   the   Indians   called   it,   signifying 

the   tribe   removed  to  a   township   in  dawn,  that  ia  underneath  the  "  monn~ 

New   York,   given    to    them    by   tho  roent."     Your  way  hither  is  along  the 

Oneidas.     Here  they  resided  with  the  base  of  that  mountain  wall,  from  whose 

missionary  till  1832,  when  they  began  lop,   if  you  will  diverge  a  little,  you 

theic  removal  to   Green    Bay-     Now  shall  see  a  sight  that  shall  chatm  yon. 

and  then  a  pilgrim  comes  bacu  to  visit  But  you  Ehall  think  less  of  its  wall  of 

the   graves  of  his  anceslora.     If  the  rock,  or  ils  wide  prospect,  than  of  its 

descendants  of  tbe  white  man,  whom  old  rumanco. 
the   Muhhekanews    befriended,   could 

know     how    much    ihey    owe    them,  «  There  is  a  precipice 

no  wrong  would  ever  be  done  them,  t^,,  geema  b  ftument  of  wme  mightj 
Peace  and   prosperity   go   with  these  -,,1) 

simple-hearted  red  men.  Built  by  the  hand  that  faihioDed  the  old 

Sergeant  lived  among  them  iifleen  world, 

years,    instructing    and   walking  with  To  sepanle  ill  oBlioni,  and  throwndowB 

them     as     their    friend     and     guide.  When  the  Bood  drowned  them.    To  the 
Of  a  Sunday  evening,  in  the  summer,  north,  a  path 

after   the    church    service,  he   would  Conducts  yon  up  the  narrow  baltlemeDt. 

remwn  conversing  with  them   in  the  Sleep  a  the  weslem  aide,  ahaggy  and 

moat  familiar    manner.      He   died   in  ,„    ^'^ 

1749   at    the  age    of   39.      His  sno-  With  mossy  trees,  and  pinnacles  of  flint, 

eeasoT  was  Jonathan   Edwards,  who  -^"^  "'"^  ■  1"''F'°F  ««8-    »«  ">  ">« 

here  wrote  Ihe  greatest  melaphysical  oi.     *V'.i.    ^  j  .i.    w         u 

work  of  which  America  can  bciat.  ^"',i;^,""=  "^'  ^°  '"™°  ""*  **■"  "*" 

,i}\  "'*'7.  *'"  ™.  '"=o"°"y '^d  in  Hoge  pillars,  that  in  middle  hea*eit  np- 

Ihelapofbeauty,  itiehere.     Not  only  bear 

in  this  valley,   but   for   twenty    milee  Their  weathei-beolen  cBpitlll^  heir  dark 

around  it,  nature  has  been  munificent  With  the  thick  moaa  of  cenlnriea,  and 

of  her  gifts.     Take  Slockbridge  as  the  there 

centre,  and  make  eicuraions  from  it  Of  chalky  whiteness  where  the  thunder. 

in  any  direction  you  please,  you  will  find  bolt 

etioogh  for  a  voyage  across  the  aea.  Has  splinlered  them.   It  is  a  rearfnl  thiug 

Come  in  June,  when  the  laurel  is  in  To  stand  upon  the  beetling  verge,  and  see 

blossom  ;  come   in  August,  when  the  Where  itorm  and   lightning,   from  that 

Iniuriance  of  summer  is  at  its  height :  „     huge  jrey  wall, 

come  in   October,  when  ibe  thousand  Have  Inmbled  down  vast  blocks,  and  at 

bnea    of  our  unequalled  autumn  are  _    vff  I^"    .    ,  .        j  ,     , 

.7,        1  •  Dashed  tbem   in  fragments,  and  to  lav 

crowning  every  bill  and  every  wood-  iy,mr  ear 

land;    come   here,   aud   visit   at  your  Over  the  dizzy  depth,  and  hear  Ibe  aonnd 

kiaure  Denwkook   the  Monument,  the  of  winds  ihat  slrugglewilhthewooda  he- 
Bear  Mountain  Glen,  the  sequestered  Jq^ 

Paquanhook,   Ihe    Ice   Glen  ;   take  a  Qaat  n'p  like  ocean  oiurmun.    But  the 
low  on  the  Housalonic  ;  penetrate  the  scene 

woods  to  Hatch's  Pond;  ride  ronnd  the  Is  lovely  ronnd;  a  bean tifu)  river  there 

Mohawk  Lake ;  sail  on  the  Bowl  1  or  Wanders  smid  the  fresh  and  ferUlc  meads, 

go  further  and  visit  the  Green  Water  The  paradise  he  made  unto  himf^lf, 

of  Decket,  or  the  charming  lakes  of  Mining  the  soil  for  ager.    On  each. tide 


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184i.1                                  Tht  Joumrs  o/a  Dag.  407 

The  Beldt  iwell  upvuxl  to  Ibe  hiJsj  be-  Here  the  aciamble  begaa,  and  ■  hud 

.      Joniii  one   it   was,  np  a.  Bteep,  xocLy  path, 

AboTc  the  hlIl^  ID  Ihe  Woe  dwOace,  rae  among  the  whortleberries  snd  Blunted 

The  mightr  colamM  with  which   earth  ,1^^,.     Half  aa   hour  sufficed  for  it, 

props  heaven.  however,  and  we  then  found  ourselvee 

-There    i»  a  tale  about  thew  grer  oU  f"/  Pl^'^f^rmof  bald  rock,  lifted  far 

j^j^j                                      ■    '  into  the  air  above  e»erylhi[ig   around 

A  ud  tradition  of  unhippr  love,  ""^  everjihing  indeed   nearer  Ihaotha 

And  iorrxjivs  borne  and  ended  long  ago,  Ureylook  and  the  Calakills.     The  first 

When  over  these  fair  vales,  tha  savage  exclanialion  of  "  Oli !  how  grand,"  waa 

goDght  followed  by  long  silent  gazing  on  the 

Hii  game  in  the  wild  woods."  magnificent   panorama.     It  is   not   ao 

vast  as  that  of  the  Greylock,  but  mors 

Gentle     Ma-hai-we,     leafy,    almoat  beautiful,  because  the  country  around 

hid    behind    the   elms,  fit   home    is  it  it  is  richer. 

for  a  poet.     The  valley  is  compressed  The  Catskill,  of  course,  bounded  the 

to  its  narrowest  size,    leaving   barely  horizon  on  the  west,  and  the  inlerven- 

toom   for  iha   liver    and   the   village  ing  counicy  lay  beneath  us  like  a  gai- 

street  beside  it;                    '  den.     We  thought  we  could  trace  tha 

Instead    of   following    the    road   to  Hudson,  a  bright  line,  at  the  fool  of  the 

Sheffield,  the  southern  most  and  Ihe  old-  mountains.  And  there,  on  the  north  and 

eat  town  in  the  county,  we  turned  west-  east,  lay  Berkshire.   All  its  fair  scenes, 

ward  into  the  Egremont  road,  in  order  from  (he  Greylock  hither,  were  spread 

to  ascend  the  Taconac.     Three  milea  out  as  on  a  map—its  fifty  lakes,  its  hills, 

broughl  us  to  the  neat  little  village  of  and  its  rejoicing  tiver.    And  close  be- 

Egteniont,  and  two  more  to   Guilder  neathos,  to  Ihesouth, lay  the  twin  lakes 

Hollow,  when   we  turned  into  one  of  of  Salishury,twogen:i«.   But  words  can- 

the  gorges  of  the  mountain.     Here  we  not  give  you  what  the  eye  takes  in. 

found  a  tolerable  toad,  made  along  one  Come  and  see. 

of  the  streams,  and  followed  it  eight  In  Ihe  eastern  riilj^e,  foui  milea  from 

miles.  ihe  Dome,  is  a  narrow  gorge,  where  a 

The  Taconac  isati  immense  pile,,ad-  mountain-alreamleapa  down  and  makea 
ranced  into  the  valley  of  the  Housa-  the  Falls  uf  the  Taconac.  The  inha- 
tonic,  and  terminatmg  a  chain  that  bitanta  call  them  the  Bashbish,  or 
stretches  from  the  Highlands  of  the  simply  the  Bash.  We  prefer  call- 
Hudson  to  the  northeast.  Its  shape  is  ing  ihem,  the  Falls  of  the  Taco- 
remarkable :  there  is  an  exterior  nac.  We  drove  rapidly  across  the 
lidge.  Dearly  straight  on  the  eastern  plain,  and  then  walked  a  mile  and  a 
side,  and  semi-circular  on  the  others;  half  to  the  Falls.  It  is  not  so  much 
from  which  rise  several  peaks  at  inter-  the  fall  of  water,  da  the  wild  sublimity 
tbIs,  like  towers  from  a  battlement,  of  the  gorge,  that  will  strike  yon. 
Within  this  exterior  wall  is  a  large  The  mountain  is  rent,  and  the  stream 
plain,  cultivated  and  inhabited,  consti-  rushes  down  the  cleft  among  the  fallen 
tuting  the  township  of  Mount  Wash-  rocks,  in  auccessive  leaps,  which  are 
ington.  The  people  were  now  in  the  in  all,  perhaps,  a  hundred  and  fifty 
fields  gathering  in  their  hay.  We  en-  feet.  On  one  side  the  rock  projects 
vied  them  their  summers,  passed  in  this  twenty-five  feet  over  the  Fall,  a  dark. 


c  atmosphere,  whatever  we  might  frowning  mass  uf  rock,  nearly 

tiiink  of  iheii  winters.    The  air  was  dred  feet  high,  where  the  eagles  used 

ethereal,   and   the   thin    white    clouds  to  build,  and heuce called  the  "Eagle's 

Bailed  past  so  near  to  QS,  that  it  seemed  Nest."     From  the  edge   of  this  cliiF 

as  if  we  might  almost  throw  a  stone  you   may   stretch   forward     and    look 

into  them.     But  to  the  Dome.  down    into   the    gulf  below — a   dizzf 

From  the  centre  of  the  eastern  ridge  height — and  you  may  luuk   westward, 

a  siuzle  pen  rises  higher  ihia  all  the  over  the  whole  country  between  you  and 

rest  by   several  hundred   feel,  shaped  the  Calskills,  Here  we  stood,  looking  at 

like  a  dome.     Its  highest  point  is  2G0O  the  long  blue  line  of  mounlain,as  the  sun 

feet   abnre   tha  valley.     We   left  our  went  down  behind  it,  and  so  ended  out 

waggon  in  the  ruad,  and  walked  a  mile  "journey  of  a  day." 
«i  so  by  an  easy  paih  through  the  D.  D.  F. 

wooda,    to    the  base  of  the    Dome.        August,  1814. 


,  Google 


Itutatel—SMM»—Int^iiuti«H. 


.  INSTINCT— REASON— IMAGINATION. 


thil  Iher'n  no  leilfer  tha 

Philnsophising  t     Well,  vby  not  1  ia  no   telliofc  what    these    "  vnlgAr" 

Philosophising   baa  become  a  "gentle  Catoe   and  Newlons  nia;  not  accom- 

craft"    now-a-days,  and    the    ascetic  plish.     The  chionicIcB  of  olden  time 

Croat  a  tion-*equiiur,  as  pabolooi  of  are  filled  with  wondruDS  talei,  showiDg- 

metaphysical   inapiratioa  !     Mea   may  how  Ihey,  once  in  a  while,  shabe  offtba 

laugh  and  grow  fat,  and  be  wise  too,  in  crust  and  step  forth  suddenly  before  the 

these  times  of  cheap  learning.     Can  I  world's  eye,  cap-a-pie  in  shining    ar- 

DOI  buy  a  score  of  books  and  a  bushel  mor,   becoming  men  of  renown   in  the 

of  papers  now  for  a  few  paltry  coins,  Sghi  of  faitb,  or  the  weary  roarchea  of 

and  after  thumbing  them   well,   what  science.     We  haie  a  strong  inclination 

more  is  necessary  to  make  me  a  phito-  to  set  up  for  one  of  these  lulgar  New- 

aopher  !      The  thumb  is  a   magnetic  tons  ourselves,  with  the  permission  of 

pole  \ — if  through  it  the  gigantic  mind  the  benerolent  reader.     We  are  going' 

of  a  Buchanan  can  be  sopposed  to  past  to  be  goilty  of  an  audacions  speculation, 

into  and  possess  roe,  why  should  not  a  aod  if  we  were  not  more  in  fun  than 

like  phenomenon  occur  under  my  ma-  earnest,  we  should  be  glad  to  deprecate 

nipulalion   of    a   battery   overcharged  responsibility  on   the   plea   of "  onao- 

with  thought  ae  that  buahel  of  papers  phistieated   genius,"  &c.  ;  but  though 

faere  roust  be!    It's  palpable  as  moon-  one  sense  of  "  unsophisticated''  might 

riiine  !  suit  qb  well  enough,  yet  we  dare  not 

Yoor  metapbysical  philosophers  are  claim  to  be  a  "  genius  ;"  that   name  is 

as  thick  BB  blackbirds  in  cherry  time,  too  sacred  in  the  mythoa  of  hnman  hope 

— and  quite  lu   fussy.      Every  village  for   us   to  risk  an  eternity  of  infamy 

pothonse   has    a   genius   with   ragged  among  its  desecrators. 
breeches  and  a  long  score  of  "chalks"        We  said,  too,  "  more  in  fun  than  earn- 

agaiost   biro,  who  will  prove  to    yon  est :"  that  ia   just  ae  yon  nay  cbooae 

that  Christianity  is  a  delusion,  and  the  to  take  it.     It  is  one  of  those  dreams 

doctrine  of  immortalilj  all  nonsense,  by  which,  like  the  poet's  ideal,  has  haunl- 

snch   imposing  logic  aa  that  "  you  can  ed  ua  since  boyhood.     We  were  then, 

neiUier  see  a  soul,  bear  a  seal,  taste  a  as  usual,  much  fonder  of  the  great  wide 

•onl,  amell  asoni,  nor" — an  aalonnding  pages,  ahadowy.waving,  glittering,  and 

climax   which  no  one  wonid  think  of  green,  of  nature's  writing,  than  all  the 

doobiing  to  be  true  in  hie  case — "  feel  black-letter   lomea  that   ever  wearied 

a  bodI  !      But  let  them  alone.      It  ia  the    eye    of  scholar.     And   while  a 

all  right.      This  is  an  age  of  ptogres-  scape-grace   and  hopeleas  tmanl,   we 

HOD  and  discovery.  paddled,  bare-foot,  through  the  pebbly 
brook,  tore  our  juvenile  trousers  climh- 

•=HowDianya  vuJgarCalohascDnipelled  ing  for  young  squirrels,  or  winning  a 

His  energies,  no  longer  tamelrss  then,  freckled  necklace  of  bird's  eggs  fur  oar 

Ta  moDid  a  pin  or  fabricate  a  nail  I  blue-eyed    sweetheart.       We    had     a~ 

Bow  many  a  Newton  to  whose  passive  faiut  conceplioa  that  so  the  language 

ken,"  kx.  we  read   there   should  be  translated  f 

Notthatwhich  wereadihtheblueeyea. 

Let  tbem  aI<Mie,  we  tay!    There  specially, dowemean;bntonthegeiierai'~- 


oogic 


1S44.)                          Jnttinet—lltaten — Jmagitiation.  4M 

page  <^  the  living  reTel&tion  ;  for  joa  do  it  hambty,  inqairinglf.      Wa  ay  wo 

reoollMt —  cannot  help  it  that  our  ejes  would  not 

.. r.  .  -.    *.r  .       >  .V  »e«  B»  theirs ha»«.  Tbey  ara poor  wo«lt 

« Spirit  of  N.lnre  T  thou  j      ,        ^    i^          j  (,      [^i  t„g„ ;, 

Life  of  intcrminRb  enlQ  litode* !  ,l-            ■         ■    .k.   nk.i;™,.  nf 

a    I    riK       —iTi,!^  .,.i..r™  Boraelh  ni  cur  ou»  in  the   obaunacy  of 

deep  silence  lie  I  '"  »"  oi"  ''"e  '•»"«•  «'«  "''""I''  "■»»  P^" 

SonlofthBlKnallest being,  «imo  to    trouble   any  reader   with   rt 

The  dwelling  of  whose  lift  now.     But  let  o»  itriro  as  we  may  to 

b  oae  fainl  April  gleam  I"  »ee  that  these  thiugs  are  bo,  it  is  all  in 

If  this  be  true — tbeo  are  we  right  to 

call   earih  a  living  revelation,  and  lb e  "For  tbeo  my  thoogbts 

dumb  trees,  and  stocks,  and  atones,  ai-  Will  keep  my  drooping  eyelids  open  wide, 

licnlatB  language.     But  like  that  other  Looking  oq  darknen  wbieh  tbe  blind  do 

Holy  Rarelation,  whiuh  is  only  to  txi  tee; 

Damed    in  grave  lone    and  with  eyes  8ave  that  my  sonl'i  imaginary  sight 

levereDtly   downcast,   the   typea    and  PresenU   (Ai»  shadow    to    my  s^hllcH 

symbols  here  must  be  devoutly  studied,  view.* 
with  a  pious  and  earnest  zeal.   Though, 

perhaps,  not  very  airictly  pious  in  Ihs  We  said  that  our  incorrigible  vianaU 
common  acceptation,  we  were  leal-  woald  not  permit  as  (o  aee  that  Reason 
oas  enougb.  Unconicioualy  to  us,  our  and  Instinct  were  altogether  unlike. 
tranalalions-'-occasional  glimpses  of  Wa  look  in  oar  hands  a  definition  of 
tbe  sense  which  visited  ua — began  to  reason  accepted  by  the  sages,  and 
asaume  deGniteness  and  connexion  ;  went  out  among  those  senlient  breath- 
Ihe  indigested  chaos  of  rude  forms  to  ing  forms  of  life,  condemned  by  them 
take  an  order  j  and  before  we  ware  to  the  blind  guidaBce  and  fatality  of 
aware,  an  absorbing  idea  posseaaed  as.  Instinct,  that  we  might  compare  the 
All  our  readings  might  be  summed  up  theory  of  the  one  with  the  reality  of 
under  the  single  head,  "  Life  is  one  tbe  other.  The  song-bird  twittered  at 
linked  continuous  chain  from  the  God-  us ;  the  wild  deer  turned  to  stare ; 
head  10  lbs  atom !"  and  patiently  ws  the  squirrel  spattered  from  hia  not- 
delved  among  the  rocks,  the  shells,  the  erammed  jaws,  and  the  insect  baxied 
bags,  all  creeping  things,  the  flowers,  cnriously  around  us — for  the  tlorj  got 
tbe  birds,  the  brutes,  and  the  swift  or-  out  that  there  was  "  a  chiel  amang 
rowy  fishes,  to  see  if  we  might  trace  them  takin'  notes,"  and  they  didu^ 
these  links  distinctly  to  the  bounds  of  understand  bot  that  we  meant  some 
sense.    We  thought  we  could!  impertinence  ;  but  they  soon  fouad  out 

Then  came  the  inqairy — If  this  that  we  were  harmless  at  least,  and 
linked  gradation  be  a  material  law,  the  grew  reconciled.  Many  a  calm  hour 
law  of  foTnu,  may  it  not  apply  also  to  we  spent  among  the  cool,  dim  aisles  of 
the  immaterial  essence  which  in  snch  the  mighty  forests,  still  as  the  dark 
varied  phases  constitutes  the  life — tbe  tranks  around  as,  watching  now  the 
soul  of  these  !  Here  we  met  with  the  oriole  with  coy  taste  select  a  twig  to 
hoary  dogmatisms  of  the  schools,  and  bang  her  cradle  from ;  and  when  her 
were  rebuSed.  We  veiled  uur  eyes  in  motherly  care  was  satisfied  that  a  par- 
humility  before  such  names  as  Bacon,  tieolarone  huns  clear  beyond  tbe  reach 
Iiocke,  Hume,  Beattie,  Brown — as  we  of  the  dreaded  snake,  or  misohievoua 
sdll  bow,  we  hope,  in  becoming  lowli-  climbers  one  and  all — that  there  was  a 
Dees.  Wereverenoe  these  high  names  tnfl  of  leavea  above  it,  which  would 
of  Priests  in  the  temple  of  the  Most  precisely  shield  it  from  the  noontide 
High!  But  reierence  need  not  be  sua — then  commence  her  airy  f^ria. 
blind.  They  said  Reason  and  Instinct  How  ingeniously  she  avails  herself  of 
were  altogether  unlike ;  that  Iraagina-  the  forks  and  notches  lo  twist  the  first 
tion  was  a  mere  adjunct,  and  Reason  important  thread  arouad  !  How  house* 
the  Bupremest  function  of  the  mind;  wife-like  she  plaits  and  weaves  the 
and  how  dare  we  think  or  say  other-  grassy  fibres  !  The  unnuuiageable 
wise !     We  do  not  do  it  daringly,  we  horse-hair  too  is   used  ;  how   sobeilj 

•  Sbakspere'i  Soancti. 


I  =y  Google 


410                              jTittincl — Seatea — Jmagmatiim,  -[Oet. 

■he  plies  her  long  Bharp  bill  and  deli-  hurrieg  to  the  Uona.  No  more  coafn- 
eaW  Teet !  Now  she  drops  ihat  thread  sioo — ever;  one  is  in  bis  place  await- 
ms  lOD  rntlen  to  be  trusted,  aod  leprov-  in^r  ordeis,  nor  daring  ti>  begin  jet. 
iogljr  sends  off  her  caieleaa  diaLleiiag  He  is  bacli  now  to  the  alone.  The 
mate  to  get  anolhec.  He  is  proud  uf  signal  is  given !  Each  of  the  selected 
his  fine  coat,  and  diasipates  his  time  in  workies  lajs  hold  of  it.  See  bow  they 
carolling;  but  in  her  prudent  creed,  lug  and  strain!  Whati  Not  atreDgth 
sneet  songs  wont  build  a  home  for  the  enough?  An  additioaal  number  u 
little  folk,  and  so  she  very  pnipeily  chosen.  The;  seize  hold.  Now  thej 
makes  the  idle  rellow  work.  At  last,  move  it !  My  lord,  the  overseer,  doea 
Kfter  a  deal  of  sewing,  webbing,  roof-  not  put  a  hand  to  it  himself,  or  ■, 
ing — and  scolding,  too,  the  while — the  pincer  either, — but  see  how  be  plays 
house  is  finished,  tTiatch  door  and  all.  round,  keeps  the  crowd  out  of  the 
The  softest  velvet  fiom  the  mullen  way,  and  direols  the  whole.  It  ia 
■talk  must  line  it  now  ;  and  then  elate  done  I  The  stone  is  rolled  out  frmn 
upOD  the  topmost  bough  she  turns  her  the  highway,  and  we  will  not  put  ano- 
bill  toward  heaven,  and  pours  out  her  ther  one  on  it;  it  is  erne)  thiis  to  nae 
joy  for  labors  done,  in  (rilliog  gushes !  our  giant's  strength  like  a  giant,  and  wtt 
Oi:  now,  silting  upon  a  gnarled  root,  are  saiislied.  The  little  laborers  resume 
yre  would  bend  for  hours  over  some  their  burdens ;  away  they  go  streaming 
thronged  city  of  the  anls.  Wby,  bow  on  to  the  citadel ;  while  the  great  man 
ia  ihia !  Here  from  the  great  entrance  lelapaes  suddenly  into  the  old  air  of 
.  itadt  braooh  off  on  every  side.  How  sluggish  dignity.  But  follow  that 
elean  and  smoolh  and  regular  they  road  ;  it  leads  a  hundred  yards — oleax- 
sre !  See,  yonder  is  a  dead  limb  ly  traceable  through,  above,  under, 
lidlen  across  the  course.  Amace-  around,  all  impediments:  here  the 
ment !  A  tunnel !  A  tunnel  1  they  main  road  branches  off,  and  is  lust,  or 
have  sunk  it  beneath  the  obstruction  ends  at  a  tree  with  many  insects  on  tu 
too  heavy  for  the  power  of  their  me-  bark,  or  at  some  great  deposit  of  favoT' 
ehanies!  Follow  the  winding  track,  ite  food  that  has  been  found;  and  all 
See,  that  thick  tuft  of  grass!  It  is  thispains  and  labor  havebeenexpendod 
easier  to  go  round  it  than  to  cat  in  digging  that  road  to  secure  the  eon- 
through  it  And  there,  behold  a  mountaiti  venience  of  transportation!  Talk  of 
pebble  in  IbQ  way  ;  see  how  the  road  your  Simplon  or  your  Erie  Canal,  or 
19  made  to  sweep  in  a  b^e  curve  ronnd  your  hundreds  of  miles  of  haman  rul- 
tbebase.  Lay  now  that  small  stoneacToss  roads!  Wonderful  Inilinol,  indeed! 
'    See!    The  common  Dig  away  the  earth  carefully,  and 


herd — the    stream  of  dull-eved  labor-  look  into  that  subterranean  city.    Heia 

era — how  tbej  are  confonnded  by  tbe  are    streets,     galleries,    arches,     and 

interruption.     They  fall  back  on  each  domes,  bridges,    granaries,  nursi 

Other— all  is  confusion.     The  precious  walls,  rooms  of  state — aye,  palac 

burdens  tbey  bore  with  so  much  care,  oella   for  laborers,  all  the  features  uhi 

are  dropped — to  and  fro  they  run-r-all  fixtares,  diverse  and  infinite,  of  a  poo- 

ia  consternation  and  alarm.     But  look!  pled  city  of  humanity!    But  see,  a 

That  portly,  lazy  fellow,  who  aeemed  war  has  broken  out  with  a  neighboring 

to  have  nothing  to  do  but  to  strut  back  city  !     Marvellous  sight !     The  eager  I 

ftnd  forth  and  sun  himself,  now  wakes  legions  pour  in  a  black  Qood  from  the  | 

op.     He  rushes  to  the  scene.    All  give  gates.      The  chief  men  and  captains  nf 

way  from  his  path,  and  close  crowd-  thepeopledislinguiabed,  not  byplumea, 

ingly  in  his  wake.     He  is  evidently  and  stars,  and  orders,  but   by  their 

onehavingaulborily.     Heclimbsupon  greater     size,     and      tbe     formidable 

the  stone  ;  runs  over  it  rapidly ;  mea-  strength  of  their  pincers.     They  are 

sores  it  with  his  antenna  ;  and  down  marshalled  into  bands — they  know  tbe 

ha   glides   among  the  still,  expectant  strength  of  discipline  and  military  sci- 

crowd.    Here — there — yonder — every-  enee !     In   one   wide,    sweeping,    nn-  j 

where,  in  a  mnment — he  selects  among  broken  line,  they  pour  upon  the  ene*  I 

the  multitude  those  best  fitted  for  the  mies'  town.     The  light  is  desperate — 

purposewiibwhiDhhissagaciouBheadis  hand  to  hand — pincer   to  pincer;  for 

full—touches  them  with  the   antennw  it  is  a  battle  for  dear  life — liberty  and 

of  command,  and  each  one,  obedient,  larvs ! 

The   vanquished  are  dragged  iirto  i 

L.oogl.c 

I 


1B44.]  Itutincl—ltiaion—lFnagintttuM.  411 

•hrerr ;  the  Iutb  carried  off  tnd  the  neb,  tnd  it  would  hive  ttWea  cleat 
tenderly  nouriibed  by  the  conquerors,  but  that  ilie  Ion;;  sharp  cttws  which 
and  when  the;  grow  up  are  ma.de  he-  arm  the  exUemitiea  of  the  hindmost 
lota  of,  heweiB  of  wood  and  drawers  pair  of  legs,  galheied  a  aufficienl  quui- 
of  water,  as  is  reasonable  and  right,  titj  of  ihe  fibres  aa  they  rolled  down 
if  human  Reason  is  any  authorily.  the  net,  to  sustain  [he  weight  of  ihe 
Strangely  elastic  Instinct  this  !  Ifuie  cockroach,  who  Ihna  hung  dangling  by 
combine,  compare,  deduce — is  there  the  heels,  head  downwards,  and  body 
not  something /lie  combination,  com-  free.  Out  rushed  the  little  spider,  not 
parison,  deduciion,  here!  half  so  large  as  a  cherry-atone.  What 
The  mocking-bird  is  a  great  faTorite  could  it  do  with  such  a  monster  I  Yua 
with  us!  Besides  being "  king  of  all  shall  see.  Wjihout  an  instant's  con> 
earth's  choir,"  il  is  characleriied  by  the  fusion  or  hesitation,  it  commenced  rap- 
most  remarkable  and  somelhing  like  idly  throwing  a  new  web  wilh  its  hinder 
weird  sagacity.  We  watched  a  pair  legs  or  spinners  over  the  two  claws 
of  Ihem  once  build  their  nest  in  %  tow  that  were  entangled,  so  Ibat  the  hold 
thorn-bush,  growing  in  what  is  called  there  might  first  be  strenglhened.  The 
a  "sink-hole,"  in  the  West.  This  had  cockroach  struggled  desperately — hia 
once  or  twice  been  filled  with  water  by  weight  began  to  tear  away  lbs  web 
heavy  rains,  but  at  long  intervatB.  from  the  beam.  The  apider  fell  that 
This  year  the  floods  came.  The  birds  all  was  giving  way — and  faster  than 
had  hatched,  and  four  Utile  downy  the  eye  could  follow  him,  ran  back  and 
yellow  gaping  mouths  could  be  seen  in  forth  along  the  breaking  cords  from 
the  nest.  The  water  commenced  ris-  the  beam  to  the  heels  of  the  monster, 
ing  very  rapidly  in  the  sink.  The  birds  carrying  a  new  thread  from  one  to  ths 
became  uneasy;  they  Huitered  and  othereach  time,  until  the  breakage  waa 
•orBBmed.and  mads  a  wonderful  to-do.  arrested,  and  he  was  satisfied  that  the 
At  length  one  ofiheioflew  down  to  the  whole  would  bear  all  its  weight  andef- 
laat  twig  above  the  rising  wateri :  he  forts.  He  then  returaed  cautiously 
aat  there  looking  closely  at  it  till  it  to  the  charge,  and,  after  a  doien  trials, 
rose  about  hia  feet,  and  then,  suddenly,  succeeded  in  webbing  the  second  pair 
with  a  loud  chirp,  flew  away,  followed  oflega,  snd bound  themdownin  spile  of 
by  the  mate.  We  thought  they  had  de-  Ihe  tremendous  wrilhings  of  the  great 
aerted  their  youttg.  "The  inhuman  black  beast.  The  third  pair  were  near 
creatures  !"  we  exclaimed,  from  the  the  head,  and  he  could  not  succeed  in 
forceof  habit ;  if  we  had  had  agun,  we  binding  them  from  the  front,  so  he 
should  hsve  had  no  scruple  in  shooting  tried  another  tack  ;  he  crawled  along 
tbem.  Inabouthilf  an  hour  the  water  the  hard  sheath  of  the  back  (it  hung 
had  risen  to  the  bottom  of  the  neal !  back  downward)  and  commenced  with 
when,  suddenly,  to  our  joy  and  peni-  inconceivable  rapidity  throwing  his 
tent  shame,  the  birds  were  back — flew  web  over  the  head.  The  roach  seem- 
down  intothe  nest,and  off  again!  each  ed  to  be  greatly  frightened  at  this,  and 
bearing  a  young  one-     They  were  not  made  more  furious  eflVirle  than  ever  to 

tone  a  minute,  when,  straight  as  Ihe  gel  loose.  The  cords  from  above  he- 
ight ofanarrowandaaswiFt, they  were  gao  to  give  way  again.  The  spider 
back,  the  other  two  little  ones  were  darted  aliing  ihem  as  before,  till  they 
carried  aW,  and  in  another  minute  the  were  strengthened  a  second  time.  He> 
nest  was  afloat.  Close  calculation  now  tried  another  manteuvre.  We  had 
that!  We  followed  in  the  direction  noticed  bini  frequently  attempting  lo 
they  went,  and,  after  some  search,  bite  through  the  sheath  armnr  of  the 
found  the  callow  family  safe  and  tnug  roach,  but  he  seemed  lo  have  failed  in 
in  an  old  nest  which  they  had  repaired  piercing  it.  He  now  seemed  deter- 
for  their  reception,  as  souo  as  they  be-  mined  to  catch  the  two  fore  legs  which 
came  convinced  the  water  must  reach  werefree.  After  Iwtnly  trials  alleast 
them.  Instinct  must  have  wide  play,  he  noosed  one  of  Ihem,  and  soon  had  it 
indeed,  to  account  fur  this.  under  his  cnnlml.  This  pair  of  lega 
We  saw  a  large  heavy  cockroach,  was  much  more  delicste  than  ihe  oth- 
fully  an  inch  long,  fall  into  the  web  of  era  :  he  Instantly  bit  through  Ihe  cap- 
a  small  spider.  The  great  weight  at  tured  one.  The  poison  was  not  auffi- 
the  insect,  and  the  height  from  which  cient  to  affect  the  huge  mass  of  the 
it  fell,  were  suffiaieni  to  tear  through  roach  a  great  deal,  but  tlie  leg  seemed 


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E 


419                                  Lutinct — Reason — Imagination.  {Oct. 

to  gire  it  much  pain,  and  itbeot  ita  Mtouiiding  discover;  tbal  each  iadiri- 

liead   forward    to   caress   ibe    woand  dual  orihem  posseaaed  e;es  oChisovnt 

with  its  jawB — and  now  the  object  of  and  might  lanfnlly  use  Uiem  for  biin- 

(he  cnrtaing  spider  was  afpareot.     He  self,  aod  that  it  was  onl;  by  the  eier- 

ran  iaBtaaiTj  to  the  old  positioD  he  had  cise  of  this  priroitive  and  obeolele  right 

been  routed   from  on  the  back  of  the  that  troth  was  to  be  made  kaowe — ifae 

Deck,  and  while  the  roach  was  employ-  aniveisal  mind  has  been  rcEileaa  on  [his 

ed  in  soothing  the  smart  of  the  bite,  he  point.     Who  has  oot  noticed  bow  cmd- 

BDcceeded  in  enveloping  the  head  from  mon  a  thing  it  is,  In  (he  modern  books 

the  back  in  such  a  waj  as  to  prefeot  of  travel,  lumeirt  with  sarmiBes,donbtB, 

the  loach  from  straighteoiog  oot  again  ;  hints,  and  even  broad  denials,  in  regard 

and  in  a   little   while   more   had    him  to  the  doctrine  of  Instinct.     Scari:i:ijr  a 

bound  in   that    positioo,  and   eniiretj  relation  ofa  trait  ofnatuial  history  cui 

sorrounded  by  a   web.     A  few   more  be  met  with  now,  to  which  Eomething 

last  agonies  and  ths  roach  was  dead  ;  of  this  kind  is  not  appended.     Thesa 

for  the  neck,  lient  forward  in  this  way,  men  have  lel^  Xiocke,  and  Brown,  and 

exposedavitalpart  beneath  the  sheath;  Stewart,  opon  the  mouldy  shelves  at 

and   we   iefl   him   quietly   luxuriating  home,   and   there  is   no   stern  eye  of 

1  the  fruits  of  his  weary  contest,  scholastic  bigot  to   rebuke   ihem,  ont              i 

B  battle  between   brute  force  and  amidst  the  wilds  and  freedom  of  nature ;               ! 

Bobtle  sagacity  lasted  one  hour  and  a  and  removed  from  the  immediate  ler- 

balf,  and  if  the   history  of  Reason  in  rai  of  the  lash,  they  dare  to  write  what 

our  race  can  show  a  more  remarkable  they  see,  and  draw  their  own  conela- 

conqoest  of  superior  mind  over  animal  sions.     Shakspere  has   writ  the  motto               | 

strength,  we  hope  the  wiles  of  the  bs-  of  these  times — 

gacioua  victor  will   not  be  robbed  of       ,„,  ,     ,,  I 

flieic  glory  by  being  stigmatized  as  in-  ^^^^^X''      *'""'»""*•  ""^^ 

"'■Phi!!'  =,-   .   fi,™  «f  .»,„          -  ■  Tlie  dpiton  anUqoe  time  wonld  be  u. 

inese  are   a  few  of  the  many  m-  twr-iA. 

cidents  occurring  under  our  own  obset-  a^  ^onuEunoas  error   be   loo   highly 

Tation,  which  we  have  chosen  to  speci-  heaped 

fy   and   become  responaiblc  for.     But  For  truth  to  overpeerl" 
the    books  of  natural   philosophy  are 

crowded  with  ten  thousand  such ;  ao  Are  we  not  in  danger  of  "  moan- 

Jast  detail  of  the  habitudes  of  any  form  tainons  error"  here  T     Aye  !  and  sincB 

of  animal  life  has  been  or  can  be  given,  by  its  side  the  tumulus  of  Troth  ooder 

which  witt  not  furnish  BUch.      Though  the  slow  heaping  of  atoms  through  tbe 

the   narrators   themsaives    persist    in  ages,  has  grown  and  grown,  until  now 

naming  these  acts  trufiFicfitic,  yet  cum-  even   a  pigmy  upon   tiptoe   may   out- 

inon  judgment  roust  teach  that  no  poB-  peer  and  shout  to  the   multitudes   io 

■ible  Bense  oflnstlnct  cau  be  made  sa-  shadow   beneath,     we     will    be    that 

tisractorily  to  account  for  them.     Every  pigmy  ;  and  though  the  spectacled  and 

day   our   horse    and    dog — to    go    no  lamp. dried  book-man   may   shake   his 

further — forced  tbe  conviction  that  this  withered  sides,  and  curl  bis  lean  lips  io 

must  be  so  ;  that  they  shared  with  ns,  scorn,  yet  will  we  make  articulate  the 

to  a  certain  point,  reason  and  emotion,  voice  which  has  so  long  been  atrog- 

The  most  eager  and  accnrale  investi-  gling  in  us  for  utterance.      There  ar« 

gation  showed  us  that  the  whole  argu-  no  blind  fatal  impulses  known  to  oa- 

inent  for  Instinct  was  based  upon  error;  lure!     Reason  is  the  impulse  of  voli- 

that  i^Q  facts  upon  which  its  most  in-  tion  !  and  wherever  animal  life  exists, 

genioos  defenders  foonded  their  strong  whether  in  the  dumb  slock  or  stone,  the 

positions,  melted  into  thin  air  before  a  herb  or  molecule,  brute  or  man,  Reasoa 

close   examination,   and   proved  to  be  directs   it!       The  self-same  principlo 

pedantic    whims    or   mistakes   of  old  which,  through  our  organization,  gov-               , 

writers,  perpetuated  by  tbe  careless  ig^  erns  ot  wields  the  material  forces,  act-               | 

norance  of  modern  book-makers.  Since  ing  through  the  organiiationortheant, 

such  men  as  Cuvier  and  Audubon  have  the  atom,  and  the  elephant,  produces 

tanght  the  world  how  the  meaning  of  like  results  to  the  full  silent  of  the  or- 

the  sublime  pages  of  the  living  revcla-  ganic  susceptibility  and  creative  inien> 

tion  was  to  be  arrived  at — have  forced  tion  in  each.     OrgSDization  is  the  Vm 

upon  their  fellows  a  realizaiion  of  the  of  Reason !                                   T^^nOllIp 


1844.]                          InsUnct — Stato» — LnaginalMn.  413 

Now  Ifast  ODT  conaoience  had  been  of  getat '.  Il  u  llieir  mUaion  to  dis- 
DnburdeaeJ,  and  our  still  small  voice  coTsr.  The;  leave  to  those  who  fol- 
had  gone  lurth  with  this  porlentous  lowed  them  dow,  to  drag  the  richea 
announcement — we  shrank  back  upon  forth  to  day,  classify,  name,  arrange, 
ouraelves  abashed  and  horrified !  Fear  and  add  to  the  ireaBurj  of  general  sci* 
came  upon  us !  What  waa  il  we  had  ence.  In  miiny  a  measured  legend  and 
done?  After  all  this  flourish  of  trum-  guise  of  graphic  allegory,  lliej  have 
pets  litlle  more  than  pruliing  the  cchuei  said  and  aun^  that  harm(iny.  Ordei 
of  dull  and  stale  materi:ilism  1  Yea,  was  the  supremest  law  of  God's  cteat- 
this  is  il!  If  Reason  be  delBtmined  ed  universe— the  highest  revel.ition  of 
by  organiialion,  then,  of  course,  the  himself — the  garment  Ihat  we  linow 
dissolution  of  the  one  is  ihe  end  of  the  him  by,  waofed  of  stars  and  clnuda. 
Other '.  Who  could  fail  to  recognize  colnred  by  the  many  tints  of  the  mooa 
the  heaiy  and  asinine  front  of  this  an-  and  sun,  when  they  play  on  these,  ot 
cienl  philosophic  bore !  Shame  '■  on  the  shining  earth,  with  her  waters, 
shame  upon  yoti !  A  metaphysician,  mountains,  trees,  and  herbs,  and  myriad 
kud  to  get  your  boat  staved  against  the  forme  that  creep,  and  walk,  and  run, 
very  rock  the  lighl-house  stands  on  !  and  fly,  and  swim — many  and  divers— 
We  writhed  like  a  wounded  worm,  a  life  and  will  to  each,  yet  all  soMy 
But  we  were  o*er-wronght.  One  and  sweetly  blending  in  those  mellow 
truth  is  as  much  as  the  mind  can  pos-  hues  which  make  it  beautiful  when 
■esB  and  enter  into  at  a  time.  Long  seen  from  heaven — worthy  to  robe  the 
we  paused,  aod  wrestled  on  the  thresh-  limhs  of  Infinite  Might.  Well  then, 
old  of  the  next.  What !  the  thick  if  the  law  of  gradation  be  necessary  to 
raylesa  gluooi,  hopeless  and  aweary,  of  these  harmonies — as  applied  to  organi- 
tbis  sensual  creed,  to  be  our  abiding  lation  and  form,  consistent  with  them— 
place  !  Fairly  and  well,  by  the  clear  then  nriQSl  the  same  law  apply  to  ani- 
lamp  of  Truth,  had  we  counted  our  mal  life,  when  introduced  into  Iheso 
footsteps  heretofore.  From  link  to  grades  of  organized  matter.  One  gene- 
link,  carefully  had  we  traced  the  inter-  lal  priticiple,  animcd  life,  must  animate 
fusing  grades  through  all  forms,  and  them  all.  Why  are  they  differently 
saw  aod  felt  the  univcTse  of  matter  an  organized !  Why  not  all  after  the  same 
harmonious  whole — the  harp  of  God!  structure,  siie,' and  shape  1  Tbe  bar* 
— each  string  accordant  with  the  Btring  tnonious  diversity  of  creation  requirea 
last  touched,  and  melting  into  tbefone  of  it  should  be  so.  The  principle  of  life, 
thai  before.  No  jarring  notes — no  dis-  passing  into  this  variety  of  structure, 
cord !  but  order  tbe  law,  and  music,  gj^ea  this  requited  diversity  of  result. 
such  aa  Seraphim  can  heat  and  mortals  Though  tbe  principle  be  Ihe  same,  tb« 
feel,  the  eiptession '.  Then  came  a  maehinerj  acted  upon  is  different.  In 
dim  hint  of  what  we  sought  and  yearn-  the  higher  forms  of  organization, 
ed  fur,  like  a  distant  ray  of  daylight  to  the  principle  of  life  is  active ;  in  tbe 
a  lost  wanderer  in  a  cavern ;  lower,  passive. 

Those  which  are  to  be  active,  roast 

«3nch  sweet  compolsion  doth  la  music  have  the  means  of  self-direction;     it 

lie  would   be   iatal   to   the   harmonies  so 

TololltheDaoghtersofNecwiity,  jealously  guarded,   should  they   shoot 

And  keep  unsteady  Nature  to  her  !«w,  into  space  sphereiesa  and  aimless,  the 

And  the  low  world  in  measered  motion  rpg,]^8s   lif^  hurrying  them  to  moUon 

.«       L  "l           1            ».  •'!'  ibev  were  self-d  est  roved,  and  con- 

Aftst  tbe  heavealv  tune. "■  r..=™.  '^„„i^A  ^,^^„v..' .      u     .l 

'  lustnn  earned  everywhere,     no,  they 

Since  Jubal's  pipe  awakened  ihe  young  shall  have  senses  which  shall  inform 

echo,   80  bave    the  sage    poets   sung,  the  life  within  of  all  external  things, 

Tbe  Poets!     Who  were  these   Poem!  thmufih   the   retina  of  consciauanesa. 

Tbs   Kings  of  Mind  !     Always   their  Ail     irnpi'-ssioos,    then,    of    outward 

white  swift  feet  have   led  the   van  of  things,  thiir  qualities,  etc.,  shall  he  re- 

•eience — and  the  quick  ll'uih  of  ilieir  tamed  upon  that  retina,  and  shall  be 

laminuus  eyes  has  stnrtled  the  darkness  railed    experience    of    life — memory. 

of  caverns  where  treasures  were,  and  This  eTpecience  shall  be  to  the  princi- 

■faowed  to  the  gaping  crowd  the  heaps  pie  u(  lile  for  a  gnide,  and  il  shall  have 

*  Mil,oii, 


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414  ItultMt— Beaten— lauginaliMt.  [OeL 

t  power  ^*en  it  called  Reatan — which  tnita  be  ia  inferior  lo  most  of  tbem. 
u  the  ktgktst  retult  of  the  principle  of  He  hu  not  the  e;e  of  ibe  eagle  oi  Ibe 
K/e,  edueattd  by  the  experience  of  Iht  vnlture  ;  ihe  «cent  of  Ihe  booad  ot  the 
tenaet !  This  educalion  tritt  be  jnstlj  moth  ;  Ihe  bearing  of  Ihe  deer ;  ttae 
proportionaie  with  the  power  of  the  tense  of  touch  of  ibe  mole ;  Ifae  taMe 
•eases  to  infuriu ;  and  therefore  in  the  of  the  coj  bnmming-bird.  Tberefbre , 
precise  ratio  of  the  sensJiiTeaesa,  deli-  the  experience  of  hia  senses,  or  hi* 
escj.andcomplesitj  of  Ihe  Eenses,  will  physicBl  sbiliiy,  will  not  enable  his 
be  the  cotreEpondiag  attributes  of  this  Reason  to  accomplish  just  socb  feats  as 
educated  life.  Reason.  It  is  harmoni-  ehuracterize  ihese  particnlar  animals — 
ona  that  it  should  be  so!  Animal  exist-  but  jet,  the  general  ■□perioritj  of  hia 
ence  is  confined  to  a  material  eanh,  senses  oTsr  those  of  anj  one  of  ibese 
The  foruis  and  objects  eo-eiisting  —their  more  equal  and  perfect  balanetf 
there,  are  to  it  all  that  necesiitj  de-  — ihe  higher  compleiiij,  suec<:plibility, 
mands.  Its  powers,  capabilities,  wants,  and  delicacy  of  hia  whole  organization — 
are  filled  and  ciicomsciibcd  b;  these,  give  to  him  the  first  position  as  the 
The  end  and  object  of  its  being,  Gret  mere  "  reasoning  animal."  Though 
defined  by  organization,  is  carried  to  the  migratory  bird,  or  fisb,  from  the 
the  ultimate  highest  creaiire  aim  bj  superior  acuter.eas  of  ooe  sense,  &nd 
Reason.  The  mile  which  builds  its  familiarity  its  habits  most  gice  it  with 
coral  cell — Ihe  savage  who  piles  his  the  enrrenta  of  the  element  it  dwells 
hot  of  bark,  are  equally  guided  by  Ihia  in,  can  trarerse  the  world  in  a  stnigbt 
principle  to  the  consummation  of  all  line,  without  other  guide  than  this 
their  sheer  physical  necessities,  and  eiperience — yet  man  can  do  the  same 
gregarioQB  or  social  duties.  thing  by  a  more  roundabout  process ; 

The  cause  why  Reason  ia  not  pro-  his  necessilies  gradually  taught  him 
gressive  in  other  furms  of  animal  lire,  the  qualities  of  the  roagiieiic  needle,  and 
as  we  see  it  to  have  been  in  man,  is  by  the'  aid  of  this,  he  can  do 
Ibis : — Man  ia  a  complex  being — the  what  the  fish  or  bitd  accomplish 
animal  u  a  simple  one.  The  organic  directly,  by  their  superior  sense. 
necessities  of  tbe  bee  led  ita  «J^;)eri«nce  Here,  then,  we  hare  man,  to  far,  a 
simply  and  directly  to  the  discovery  of  mere  form  of  aniraal  lite, — more  per- 
a  mathemalical  taw,  by  which  the  form  feet,  indeed,  than  any  other — bnt  sna- 
nnd  arrangement  of  its  cells  was  pei-  lained  by  the  same  law  which  sustains 
feeted  )  ^oogh  it  knows  nothing  of  them,  end,  like  tbem,  ceasing  to  be, 
mathematics  as  a  syslcro,  yet  the  when  hi*  organization  is  dissolved. 
wants  of  its  social  habitudes,  crowding  For  we  have  said,  the  office  of  Reason, 
it  ID  great  numbers  into  a  small  space,  like  that  of  cAittion  and  the  love  of  life, 
soon  led  to  the  assctlioii  of  the  almost  is  to  protect  thia  eiislence,  and  carry 
power  its  eiperience  was  capable  of  it  up  lo  the  consummation  of  ila  crea- 
fninishing  Reason  with,  in  regatd  to  tive  intention ;  to  lead  on  the  vital 
those  lines  and  angles  by  the  nse  of  forces  in  the  battle  against  decay. 
which  space  might  be  best  economis-  And  when,  in  that  unceasing  war,  de- 
ed. The  result  was  as  we  see  ;  this  cay  has  conquered,  Reason  most  die. 
was  the  highest  exertion  of  the  matbe-  Its  mission  has  been  fulfilled — for  aU 
matical  faculty  its  organization  ad-  the  objeois,  purposes,  and  duties  of 
mittedr  or  its  necessities  required;  and  simply  animal  life  in  a  material  uni- 
bere  its  display  rested,  and  will  conti-  verse,  it  was  sufficient, — the  animal 
nne  to  rest.  Reason  has  carried  it  op  needs  it  no  futther.  It  has  beea  i«~ 
lo  the  ultimatum  of  its  creative  inteit'  solved  into  the  original  elements,  and 
tion.  So  with  the  ant,  the  organization  the  principle  of  life  returns,  to  become 
of  which  is  more  complicated,  its  ne-  again  a  part  of  the  Spirit  of  Nataia. 
eessilies  more  diverse,  and  iho  results  1  bat  Reason  carried  man  up  lo  the 
of  its  lessoning  more  varied  and  curi-  highest  point  of  physical  perfection  hia 
OBsl  Su  with  all  forms  of  animal  organization  was  capable  of  attaining, 
life!  We  arrive  at  man — the  perfec-  there  can  be  little  doubt.  "And  all 
tion  of  organized  matter.  We  find  the  days  sf  Methuselah  were  nine  hun- 
leasoD  in  hun  capable  of  nearly  all  the  dred  and  sixty  and  nine  years,  and  ha 
bee  does  or  the  ant  can  accomplish,  died" — ia  a  aufScieot  comment  on  ihi» 
and,  as  a  general  average,  superior  to  point, 
all  «ther  aoim^a— though  in  paiticular       But  we  aaid,  "  man  waa  a  complex 


gle 


1844.]  Imtinet — Rtaton — Imagination.  415 

being:,  tiie  animal  a  limple  one."    We  ader  his  own  image,  ia  raet  too;  bat 

bave  ihua  far  presented  him  as  a  mere  the  shadow,  (hoag-h  caat  from  afaT  and 

form  of  animal  life,  and  shown  the  die-  dim,  is  still  like!  We  cannot  know 
posal  of  all  that  portion  of  hie  being  how  much  more  high  those  other  attri- 
ue  holilt  in  common  with  it  1  We  have  bates  of  which  it  has  not  pleased  Him 
tarried  long  enough  amidst  the  "  flesh-  to  instruct  us  ma;  be  ;  but  we  do  know 
pots  !"  Joy  in  Heaven  and  thanksgiv-  from  His  own  words  tliat  the  Creativt 
ing  on  Earth !  The  murky  gloom  of  Power  is  one  of  them,  and  Omnlptea- 
terrestriai  materialism  has  been  pierced  ence  and  Fore- knowledge  are  others. 
and  flooded  b;  the  keen  Joyance  of  a  Then  has  not  the  Imaoination,  or  tha 
celestial  light  \  Moses,  the  Brst  Poet —  Living  Soul  of  man,  in  its  own  narrow 
the  primeval  "  King  of  Mind" — has  sphere,  the  creative  poieer  t  Out  of 
nng  of  how  "  The  Lord  God  formed  the  chaos  of  material  imagery  does  it 
man  of  the  dust  of  the  ground,  and  not  body  fotth  creations  of  its  own, 
breathed  into  his  nostrils  the  breath  of  which  had  no  bein^  else,  and  with  th« 
life — and  man  became  a  living  soul!"  leflex  glories  of  this  atom  orb,  people  a 
He  tells  how  '^Ood  made  the  beast  of  universe  \  Does  not  the  speed  of 
the  earth  after  his  kind,  and  cattle  af-  thought  in  noapprGciable  time  traverae 
ter  their  kind,  and  every  living  thing  all  space  like  omnipresence!  Has  it 
that  creepeth  upoa  the  earth  after  his  not  whJIome  cleft  the  dark-lined  he- 
kind,"  but  he  does  not  sing  that  He  rizan  of  Now,  and  felt  the  Futnie 
breathed  into  the  nostrils  of  the  beast  of  shiver  in  cold  prophetic  beamings  on 
the  earth  the  "  breath  of  life,"  and  that  its  pkmea  1  Says  not  the  Sage  Poet — 
it  became  "  a  living  soul  1"     Now,  this 

was  the  crowning  act  of  the  bIz  days'  Imagination  which  from  earth  to  rky, 

labor;  and  man,  the  last,  the  perfect  And  from  the  depths  of  human  phanury, 

work— the     sublimation     of    material  -i*  from  a  thousand  prisms  and  mirron, 

forma— alone    was   trusted   with   that  _,        ^"=         . .      ,,      . 

awful   gift-"  the     breath    of    life!"  The  universe  with  goMen  beams ! 
There  is  no  mention  of  the  "  breath  of 
"  when  he  made  the  beast,  cattle, 


Aye,  Iher 


md  cte«Ding  thi.g-,.i  i„  iha  ran-  ""''>'  k—!    S»»»"  n;«y  Jul  »■* 

w,r.  giren  the  brnil,  o(  life.     No!  '"^  l...-ai.d  t.a=l  M  .tm  of  «..b 

Hebsforo  -;.-■•  God  ro.d.  m.n  io  to  w.o.t  ftom  tb.,r  b.rf  gn.p.  .h.li.r 

hU  own  i„i.;"-0,u  i,,  b  hi.  .pirit-  «»''  ''«»'  i. '«  'k?  »'"  •»P!"e.n  wiU 

al  likeness  of  spiritual  existence,  and  '"^ 
these  majestic  words  were  used  in  re- 
ference to  that  apiritual   resemblanco 
of  which  the  Eterrfal  Life  of  God  was 

the  first  feature.     The  6reoM   of  life  hispasaedbeneathlhera;  when,p< 

from  his  own  lips  was  the  bealowalof  ed  of  an  immortal  vigor,  the  self-etiuo 

the  eternity  of  his  own  spiritual  being,  drooping  vans  bathing  in  silver  exhala- 

A  diatinct,  peculiar  act !  adding  another  tions  at  far  starry  fonts,  take   on  th« 

element  to  the  animal  framed   of  the  youth  and  splendor  of  eternity,  and  in 

same  dust  of  which  the  beast  was  long  weariless  flights  traverse  infinity, 

made— interfusinga  portion  oFHimself,  qnestioning    the    seraphim,    front    to 

of   His   own  ultimate   and  indivisible  front,  of  God  and  mysteries.     Here  i» 

essence,  into  the  subtlest,  purest  ot-  the  mission  of  Imaoihation!    We  ate 

ganism  of    compounded  mitler ;    and  of  earth  earthy  ;  and  all  ila  grosser  es- 

man   became   a  living  soul,   and  that  seocea   thrice  winnowed  through  life, 

■out  in  the  image  of  its  Maker !     Be  throngh  death  and  through  decay,  meet 

tween   the    atomic   reasoner   and   the  once  again  in  TAe/Xm,  withoutexton- 

reasonina    man,    there    is    a   mighty  sion,  weight,  or   form — the   nitimalioa 

stride.    The  shadow,  thoughfar  away,  materia!  being—buoyant  and  strong  as 

is  like,  for  one  and  the  same  principle  angels  are,  and  meet  to  bow  with  them 

governs  in  each.     The  stride  belween  before  God's  throne,  and  bide  the  aw- 

the  attributes  of  God,  so  far  as  he  has  fol  Future.     And  as  Imagination  hers 

ohoeen  to  reveal  them,  and  the  attri-  has  wrought  His  will,   has   tkilhfutlj 

botM  of  tiis  Living  Seal  in  man,  made  tasked  the  poor  wings  of  B«aMD  leat 


Google 


lis  Inttinet — Reaton — Liu^iualion.  {Oct. 

it  bat  foi'Tiine,  and  dehed  and  soared  taunting  biro,  tiie  feaTfulleM  image  of 

in  every  secret  place  where  they  niignl  fierce  torture  Ihey  codd  conjure  was — 

bear   ii,  scare  bine    fur   kDowledga   of  „„,       ,.-,„,_       ■,,,■      ,.         u  .1  — 
th.i  v,iU-,o  .l»ll  iu  ..St.  b..  Vi  b,"  "  ' 


E  clear  breath  of  etber  ^ 


Xit«  .Aamal  Life  ?   Jlvd  ffloKgi  u«  ei 
I   wbich  barns  wUbin — that  1 


small  ^:jj  J, ell 

Breatb  of  newbnds  unfoMiag!    From  Be«de  it,  like  a  vain  load  mnltitode. 

n- .    "J*  J'™""'?  ..     .     ,  Veiine  Ihe  seir-coulenl  of  wiiesl  men: 

Of  Jove's  large  eye-brow  to  the  tender  J.^^^^  «  ^  ^;„  ^^  ,j,^  ,j      „  j^,„^  ^^ 

greening  ^^^  ^ 

Of  AptU  meadows  ?"  Jnd/oni  de.ir.  r™iid  (Am.  lulonulied  htart, 

Ererythmg    that    we   may    know  Craalivg  Liki  agony  I" 
of  OUT  lelalions  to  the  Elental  Coast 

— ^Dties  as  citiiens  of  the  star-span-         Poets    have    written    no    cambrous 

gled,  extended  universe,  we  must  be  tomes,  nor    heaped    dull    dogmausma 

taught    by    this    Imagination,    which  muantain   high  tu  awe  the  world ;  hot 

baa   been     "  since    mind    at   first   in  they  have  Jell  a1!  truths,  and  written 

characters    was   done,"   the    chiefest  them  just  as  they  felt,  and  called  ihem 

theme  uf  Poets.     In  many  a  gaise  and  too  by  universal  names  in  ecom  of  pe- 

strange  impersonation,  they  have  sung  dant  nomenclature.  They  leave  it  10  ibe 

of  it.      Moses   first  named  it  Job,  and  drudging  scholiast  to  classify  ;   tinder 

in  that  noble  allegory  showed  how  the  one  name   in   every  tongue  they  havB 

prone  Reason  strove  to  drag  it  earth-  synonymed  Imsgination  and  the  Soul, 

ward,  with  tortures  and  wiles  beset  in  Without    a    thought    of    schoolmeD'e 

vain  its  pure  allegiance  to  the  Lord  of  terms,  they  have   fell  them  lo  be  one 

Hosts.      Then  through  a  long  line  of  and   so  inscribed  them  [     Aye,  and  ao 

Prophet,  Priest  aad  King,  the  Hebrew  they  are  '.  And  uar  theory  is  but  a  glean- 

ohiooiolers  have  traced  it  down  to  the  ing  from  "  the  chronicles  of    wasted 

-day   of  the   Cnsars ;    and   here   they  time,"    of     "nhat   their   antique   pen 

showed    how  the   Prince  of  Spiritual  would  have  expressed  !" 
Life — the  very  fountain  of  eternity —       But  we  said  that  all  out  readings  of 

might  blend  itself  with  matter,  and  be-  The  Living  Revelation  might  be  aum- 

come  incarnate  through  a  Virgin  ! —  med  up  under  a  single  head — "  Life  is 

Aat  the  lowlier  essence  of  itself  im-  one  linked  continuous  chain   from  the 

prisoned   here  might  learn  to  love,  to  Godhead  lo  the  atom!"     The  universe 

nope, and  to  endure!     And  the  less  fa-  has  no  abrupt  gradations!     Foeth*  Jf 

Tored  nations  symboled  its  attributes  as  >ce>uuiislhelawHofaras  -we  can  trace 

D^ad,  Fawn,  and  Nyropfa — ,         \  ^  it  from  ineasential  spiritual  being  down 

to  man,  and  cerlainly  from  man  down 

<'A  beautiful  tbongh  erring  faith,  a 't  not  1  to  the  atom. 
Which    populates    the    bmte    insensate 

earth  To  begin  at  the   atom  and  trace  the 

With  beamy  shapes,  the  ministers  of  love  law  of  gradation  ap  to  man,  Tarnisbes  the 

And  qaaintest  humors  I",  most  complete  train  of  analogical  argu- 

meatalion  the  mind  ia  capable  orrCHlUiiig. 

Or,   in  the  sublimer  tale  of  Prome-  The  mJeroEeopic  observation  uf  Physical 

theus,  who   wrestled  defiant  with  the  Philotopliy  through  atomic  eiisience*  up 

God8,anddaredthem,throughtormenl8  ^°  sensible   ones,    has   traced  a   perfect 

without  name,  lo  quell   (hat  spark  of  ?'">"'  "^  '''^,  with  an  individual  slanding 

their  own  life  he  won  from  heaven  for  b<^'»'«''  the  extremes  ol    each   »P«:i«, 

his  race,  to  overleap  the  ages.     What  PS""'""8   °^.    the    chs  racier    of    both. 

ia  the   Prometheus  of  Sheilev  but  an  ZrPZvTX  Z  wafk'^^^U  t 

impersonation  of  the  Soul-ofimagina-  eye^open,  can  have  failed  being  nMonisb- 

Uoo  warring  with  the  great  powers  of  ^  „  j^^  perfect  ajmmelrv  of  this  grada- 

evil  who  cursed  it  with  a  body— the  tion.     Wbohaa  not  eeen  Jn  the  Eenu live 

Rock,  Animal  Life— Heaeon,  the  Chain  pjuii,  the  fint  laint  stir  as  in  a  drram 

—and  fell  Disease,  the  Vulture  ;    and  befote  awaking,  of  the  great  active  pf  io- 

when  the  Demons  drove  the  Vulture  ciple  ol  life,  which  siutnbers  ed  profound' 

off  that  they  might  be  refreshed  with  lypassirein  the  mounlainaDd  theforcat; 


gle 


IB44.]                           Inttinet — Aeoion — butginelion,  417 

•nd  then  Ja  tlie  (dions  matctpDla)  Fir-  "^  i^'  tuAo  oortb,  Aatlj  eipresM*  tha 

«mtcher  Planl,  the  imiling  play  of  an  gdd  idea : 

eweit  acrcM  Ibe  feaUre.  or  Ihe  half-  „j  ^  j^    j^        y^j^      ^  ,     . 

arouMdileeperi  and  then  Ibe  full  wait-  a  d  ea  ih 

toj  1.  tl.  «!'»  f  •'"".'"■  ■""«•  On  the  1..1  v./|,8  .r  r,o,l.;  bring  .l.nd, 

erealnre,  rormiDS  IJie  Iidk  between  Teee-    r-i ._  .k.  .  _> _k.  .  .       i    i.  _; 

fable  and  animalUre,  sharing  the  ch^c  C'**'  l^.-J'bj^h        ""'"'  "'^''*  """ 

Ur  of  both,  capable  of  disjeelion  into  a  j                     biundaries  of  Ihe  Spirit- 

tbouwnd  fragmenta,  yet  reproducinf!  fiom  j^^^j  .                     ^o  v.   .  s  u|iu» 

each  a  perfect  polypus:   and  the  Hum-  -pi,.  .i,.:„   'r  !,„:„„,■,  „„„  i.,.  ■„  r„ 

mina  Bird,  the  link  between  Idmcib  and  ,„  „.  ■,  «.»...  'if       a  ,■      i_l. 

molha  in  the  character  and   manner  of  r        f            ■-•j. 


taking — (on  the  wing] — its  principal  This  chain  of  being  is  (be  Jacob' 
Ibodj  Iboufih  it  cannot  lire  long  on  nee-  der  of  the  allegory,  the  roonds  of  whicb, 
tar  alone,  but,  as  a  bird,  mual  have  insecU  form  '  principalities  and  powei^  in  Hea- 
occasionally,  or  il  will  die )  and  then  the  venly  places,'  through  all  the  orders  of 
feather  which  in  the  moths  has  been  be-  apiiilual  intelli^eocea,  lead  down  lo  man, 
coming  gradually  more  perceptible  to  the  resting  with  him,  the  link  between  eaitlt 
naked  eje,  in  Ihis  bright  crenlure,  is  and  heaven.  Vfe  have  a  perfect  and 
•plendidly  perfected.  How  beanlilully  juil  r^hl  to  the  argument,  that  the  next 
the  waTes  gUde  into  each  other  in  this  step  is  pure  ipirii,  unalldyed  with  matin 
calm  harmony  of  being  I  Then  at  (he  — angelic  being — and  that  there  ars 
other  end  of  (he  scale  of  birds,  we  have  grades  and  orders  of  thia  being  swelling 
the  Ostrich  and  the  Penguin,  with  winga  sublimely  np  to  the  InGni(e.  Before  the 
incapable  of  flight;  and  then  Ibe  Bat,  diacoiery  of  the  microscope,  (he  world  of 
the  link  between  birds  and  nnimalB;  and,  the  dew  drop — the  atomic  legions  'from 
what  is  still  more  carioU!,  an  animal  in  the  low  herb  where  mites  do  crawl,'  lo 
New  Holland  with  (he  horny  bill  of  the  the  myriads  of  '  far  spooming  ocean,'  and 
duck  and  body  of  the  hair  seal.  We  have  (he  wide  air.where  all  is  as  far  beyond  (he 
not  time  for  more  particular  enumeration,  apprehenbion  of  our  sensea  as  these  spirl- 
We  will  go  on  up  to  the  monkey,  the  tual  existences  now  are.  Yet  tbr  mott 
onrang-oulane,  the  man;  the  intermediate  patient  inTrsligation  has  gone  to  sbow 
grades  are  filled  up  in  (he  manner  wa  that  the  analogies  of  higher  eiisteoce* 
haTe  shown.  And  here  we  lay  i(  down  hold  good  in  these,  and  science  does  not 
as  a  proposition  of  physics :  that  through  hesitate  in  the  application  of  these  analo- 
Ihe  whole  chain  of  being,  whether  what  gies  lo  (hem.  SVfay  should  (hey  hoM 
it  called  anima(e  or  inanimate,  there  is  good  at  one  end  of  (he  scale  and  not  at 
yet  (bis  connecting  link  between  every  the  other!  Is  it  becanse  we  cannot  see, 
change,  not  only  of  class,  ba[  of  order,  taste,  amell,  or  handle  thought  and  spiri- 
genuB,  and  species — ihnt  the  iadividual  (nsl  existences!  Neither  can  we  do  al) 
iittermediete  in  Ibis  change  possesses  a  this  with  (be  a(om ;  its  very  being  is  onlf 
double  nature,  embracing  in  a  less  degree  arrived  at  through  imperfect  instruments  t 
the  charmeterislies  of  (be  class,  order,  elc.  while  the  eiis(ence  of  spirit  and  (hoogbt 
left,  and  in  a  greater  those  of  (hat  entered  Is  proven  by  our  consciousness,  (ban  which 
npon — (hat  (his  chain  of  progression  is  there  can  lie  no  higher  evidence.  Yet  no 
unbroken  fivm  the  atom  op  to  man!  man  in  hi*  senses  pretends  to  deny  a(oinia 
Taking  for  granted,  of  course,  the  propo-  existences  becausehe  cannot  see  them,  noi 
sition  of  Spirilaal  Existences,  the  irresis-  the  application  of  the  laws  of  life  which 
lible  inference  from  all  this  linked  nnalo-  he  can  see  in  sensible  existences  to  them  | 
gy  is — that  man,  being  the  perfection  nor  would  any  such  man  deny  the  same 
and  last  gradation  of  material  eiietence,  application  at  the  other  end  of  (be  seals 
forms  (he  link  be(ween  il  and  a  ipiritnal ;  to  spiritual,  rspecially,  since  he  has  high- 
being  the  individual  intermediate,  posFCss-  er  order  of  proof,  independeol  of  revela- 
es  a  double  nature,  embracing  in  a  less  lion,  that  they  are  1 
degree  (he  chnrecleriMics  of  the  elasslefl.  Though  each  of  those  two  nalnrei  in 
and  in  a  greater,  those  of  thai  entered  up-  man,  is  a  unit  capable  of  separate  exist- 
on  :  that  the  two  elements  of  this  double  ence,  yet  the  imagination  is  only  opparmf 
natare  are  the  material  or  reasoning,  Ihrongh  the  material,  as  elecirieity 
which  he  possesses  in  common  with  other  (hrouih  the  atmosphere,  which  coavert 
forms  of  animal  life;  and  (he  Spiritual  or  to  us  the  Sash  and  sound.  We  do  not  ar- 
Imagi native  which  he  possesses  in  com-  g;ue  (hat  elecdicity  is  a  prDper(yora(a]of- 
mon  wi(h  angelic  being*.  Why,  even  a  phcre,  becanse  we  only  hear  and  see  it 
eo>r*e^rained  Russian  could  not  resist  (hrangh  this  medium  j  nor  do  we  argue 
tliit    conclusion,    and,   wilh    the   vigor  that  electricity  is  nol,  becania  it  is  not  ^  -, 


TOL.  XT. — NO,  LXXTI. 


Google 


118  Monlldy  Financial  onJ  ComnurcUd  Arliclt.  [Oct. 

•Iwayi  apparent.  We  knov  it  to  be  before  lh«  flood  to  the  preaflnt,  erident- 
above  us  and  ar^nnd  ub,  neverthelCTs,  [y  may  be  tr*eed  to  the  unce4sing  an- 
aod  penile  and  lamiliar  as  the  airs  of  tagonism  of  these  two  opposfle  els- 
home  i  bot  if  WB  f  hDDia  forpel !  then,  menta  of  inan'a  natare.  Each  anccea- 
■haken  with  grandeur  trough  the  ast  .^.g  generation  marka  the  victorion. 
^niifwmg  hbre  we  are  reminded  that  it  ^^  of  the  apiritual  in  the  declen- 
is.  Though  It  Elteps  now '  with  Bilence,  '^-  ^  ,  ■  i  l  '■■;"=i-="- 
inila  old  coach  of  ,paM  and  airy  eradlei'  »7  "^  ■"*"  ""i"^^  ''""'=  "■«  ■"-« 
yetii..fii<:ulaiionaareallofiheBT.blime,  <'e'":ate  and  sensitive  leitu re  of  n err- 
and i:,e  awed  eanh,  and  the  reverberating  0U8  tissue,  and  greats  froolal  devel- 
heavens  rock  beneaih  its  Blunning  shout,  opmenl,  a  fallmg  off  m  the  aclud  nu- 
whea  it  answers  Ihefar  spheres  in  lauih-  merical  span  ol  life,  but  a  eorteapood- 
ler.  As  electrkirj  to  nature,  Boimagina-  ing  increaae  in  that  which  consutntea 
tion  to  man's  maierJBl  or  reasoning  part,  ila  true  meaeoTemeDt — (he  Dumber,  va> 
It  is  not  alwafs  apparent  to  hia  drowsy  riety  and  inieueitj  of  emotiooa  and 
consclousneu  \  jel  it  always  ii,  subtle  ihonghta  \  in  short,  an  svery  da;  and 
nod  silent,  refining  his  coarse  pn8»ion«  or  inereatinft  reROgnlliun  of  all  higher 
making  ibem  more  terrible;  and  iu  arii-  icuthi.  Men  are  beginnine  now  to  ap- 
culationB,  loo,  are  all  ofthe  Bublimci  and  preciate  (he  troe  offices  of  laiainDUioa, 
when  the  eather.ng  nations,  with  rapture  ,„d  („  geparale  tl.em  from  the  moo- 
on  their  mnltitudinonBlongaeB,  BweU  the  g,^^^^  »n/unnalural  fraternity  of  mero 
huiza  10  g  onou.  deed|s  you  may  know  Machine  Rhyming !  and  to  know  and 
that  il  has  leaped  from  its  '  dumb  cradle,*  r  \  x,  , 
AH  that  ia  grand,  magnificent,  sublime,  '^^'  '"" 

the  Pail  hns  to  tell— the  Future  has  to  "  Adrainlessdiower 

hope ,'— Imagination    wrought   or    must  Of    light  is  Poesy  I     Tis  the  raprame 
ereale.    The  Chieflain,  the  Architect,  (he  Power, 

Sculptor,  (he  Painter,  the  Poet,  are  her  Tis  might  half  slnmberii:^  on  it*  own 
slaves — and  at  her  bidding,  the  world  is  right  arm- 
showered  with  splendors.    In  a  word—  The  very  arching  of  its  eyelids  charm 
loaEinaiion  is  the  soul.  A  thotiBand  willing  ^ents  to  obey  ; 

The  cause  of  that  gradual  physicU  And  still  she  goverat  with  the  nildcM 
deterioration  we  notice  from  the  (iman  ■**)' '' 


MONTHLY  FINANGLA.L  AND  COMMERCIAL  ARTICLE. 

Sous  change  in  the  value  of  money  duced  the  rate  lower  tfaan  ever.    Sines 

baa  been   temporarily  created   (n  (he  then,  speculation  in  atocka  and  cotton 

New  York  market,  during  (he  month,  has,  to  a  considerable  extent,  subsided, 

by    a   cnmbinatioi)    of  circumstancea,  and  large  suma,  probably  tSS.OOO.OOO, 

favoring  an    artilicial    action    of    the  have   been   realiied  from   cotton  then 

Banks,  which,  during  the  post  year,  held.     This  increased  supply  of  money 

have  made  several  ineffectoal  struggles  and   diminished  speculation  preveated 

to  advance  the  rate   of  interest,     la  any  advance  in  the  rate  of  interest  nn- 

Febroary  last,  considerable  speculation  til  August,  when  the  amount  of  goods 

in  stocks  existed   simultaneously  with  sent  into  the  country,  on  consignment,  ! 

the  absorption  uf  a  large  sura  of  money  for  the  fall  trade,  becoming  very  large,  I 

for  the  holding  of  cotton,  and  in  pay-  the  payment   of  duties  withdrew  from  ] 

nent  of  duties,  which  were  heavy  in  its  ordinary  employments  cooBidenUe 

the  months  of  January  and  Fehniary.  amounts  of  money,  and  by  placing  il 

The  amount  of  spseulative  obligations  with   the  government   banks    enabled 

oQlslanding,  enabled  the  banks,  by  sud-  them  lo  control  the  roirkel  and  pmdao«  . 

denly  calling  in  their  loans,  lo  raise  the  a  rise  of  interest  to  7  per  eeot.     Ths  | 

rata  of  money  lo  8  and  7  per  cent,  for  cusloms  received  at  the  ports  of  Netr 

a  fflw  weeks.     The  amount  of  money  York  and   Boston,   for  eight  moatba, 

in  the  hands  of  individuals  and  in  those  from   January   tst  to   September  1st, 

ef  the  institutions  of  neighboring  cities,  1S43,  were  119.118,331  :  and  havelhia 

'soon  flowed  into  the  market  in  competi'  year,  in  the  same  period,  amounted  to 

tioDwiih  that  of  the  city  banks,  and  le-  930,730,100.      The    aceamnJaiion  oC, 

Google 


ISM.]  Monthly  Finaaeial  and  Comntercial  Artielt.  419 

miploa  TSTCPne  in  the  ^TemnieDt  official  leporta,  (11,670,995.  Of  this 
bank*,  oopsequent  upon  Ihese  large  re-  Kmount,  Iha  depoaita  in  the  New  Yorit 
oeipta,  bu  leacbed,  according  lo  the     city  banLs  were  u  folluwa  : — 


Jung  91.              IttijSl.  Ang.  W. 

9I,0S6,890  $1,881,426  $l,410,lZff 

1,327,519         1,189,256  2,557,438 

1,870,472        1,206,277  1,276,356 

119,280           997,280  S3n,583 


MercliRnti'  Bank,  ... 

Bank  of  America, 

"     Comoierce,  ,        -        . 

American  Exchange  Bank, 

Total, 

Thia  was  the  amount  on  deposit  U 
the  dale  of  each  report.  The  amount, 
of  duliea  collected  by  the  government 
■t  thia  port,  in  (he  sixty  days  embraced 
in  the  table  was  t5,S9t,270,  of  wliicb, 
it  appcara  near  two  million  remained 
vith  the  Banks,  mostljr  the  Bank  of 
America  and  the  Merchania'  Bank. 
Those  in«titu lions  being  under  the 
>afety  fund  law  of  New  York,  are  al- 
lowed lo  Inan  onlj  twice  and  a  half 
Ibeir  capitals,  which  amount  lo  93,- 
491,300.  They  are  therefore  allowed 
to  loan  98,728,000.  At  the  close  of 
Jane,  their  actual  loaos  rather  exceed- 
ed this  sum  i  consequently,  the  f  1,- 
003,153  of  government  mouey  depusit- 


S4,381,161      $3,274,229      $6,11 


1,301 


ed  with  Ihera  subsequent  to  that  time, 
they  could  not  use,  and  its  withdrawal 

from  other  banks  in  specie,  compelled 
those  institutions  lo  restrict  their  loans, 
and  enabled  ihe  wliole  to  advance  ihe 
rate  of  interest.  The  operation  of  se- 
lecting four  banks  only  for  the  receipt 
of  Ihe  puljlic  money,  which  was  dons 
at  the  close  of  the  seasion,  to  the  pre- 
judice of  the  other  hanks,  is  to  give 
the  EOTcrnment  Banks  a  kind  of  mo- 
nnpoTy,  by  concentrating  the  specie  in 
their  vaults.  The  following  table 
shows  the  amount  of  specie  held  by 
the  gOTernraent  Banha  in  May  and  in 
August,  and  the  aggregate  held  by  the 
other  city  Banks. 


Bank  of  America, $768,498  $1,612,289 

«      Commerce, ],030,9<]g  1,101,851 

Merchants'  Bank, 1,305,684  ],2I9,55» 

AmerieaD  Exchange  Bank, 227,922  404,937 

TeUl, $3,333,045         $l,338,<i34 

»        other  Banki, 5,152,518  4,765,858 

Total  city  Bonks, $8,485,563        $9,104,449 

«    eounlry  "  969,598  1,087,525 

Total  Banks  of  New  York,  ....         $9,455,161        $10,197,974 

The  governroent  Banks  added  91,-  tion  of  individual  capitalists,  notwith- 

000,000,  or  331  per  cent,  to  Ihe  apecie  atanding  the  large  amount  withdrawn 

in  their  vaults,  while  that  of  all  the  from   commerce   by.  the   government, 

other  oity   Banks  dimioished,  the  ag-  The  whole  amount  in  the  Treasury  od 

gregate     having      increased.        The  the  Lst  of  August,  wa>  scaroely  mora 

amount  of  money  collected  br  the  gov-  than  the  amount  on  hand   at  the  aame 

eroment,  and  paid  into  the  (our  Banks  period  last  year.     In   1843,  however, 

during  the  three  months,  was  96,006,-  the  tlO,000,0004n  ths  Treasury  naa 

1B7|  which  waa  checked  out  of  the  the  proceeds  of  a  loan    for  the  re- 

olher    banks  hy   the   importing    mer-  demption  of  the  ontalanding  Treasury 

chants  inio  the  government  Banks,  and  uotes.     That  money  was  gradually  ap- 

the  balance  thus  created  drawn  in  ape-  plied  to  that  purpose,  and  since  then, 

eie.     By  these  means,  the  inatitutiouB  the   accumnlaiioa  has  been  from  oua- 

were  enabled  to  advance  the  rate  of  toma,  and  will  be  to  the  extent  of  near 

money   to   7    per  cent.,  but  the  rate  90,000,000,  applied   to  the  redemption 

again  speedily  fell  under  the  competi-  of  the  stock  debt,  due  in  January  oexti'  ~-  ^^  ^  -^  I  _ 


Monthly  Piitaneial  and  C^mniTeial  Article. 


tOot. 


The  large  import  of  gnnds  which  hare 
be«n  the  rause  of  the  ioiproved  reie- 
naea  ara  already  falUng  oS,  in  conse- 
quence or  the  depression  of  priccF, 
caueed  bj  a  supply  already  too  great 
for  the  wants  of  the  market.  The 
compromiBe  tariff  act  expired  on  iha 
30lh  of  June,  1843,  and  the  present  la- 
riflf  came  into  operation  on  the  Ist  nf 
Septemlier  of  the  same  year.  The 
fiscal  year  anw  eods  on  the  30ih  June, 
mccordiog  to  the  taw  of  the  last  session 
of  Conareas.  The  custom  rETeniies 
of  the  Govemmenl  have  been  for  the 
last  three  years  ending  June  :<0,  1844, 
as  follows : 

I84S         -         -  •21,597,875 

\    1843         -         -  91S,8I7,B0I 

IB44         -         ■  •36,100,168 


The  BTeraee  of  tho  castoms  cdleet- 
edon  dutiable  goods  in  1843,  was  23 
per  cent,  and  in  lf)43  and  1844,  tindM 
the  present  tariff',  3S  per  cent.,  an  ia- 
crease  nf  16  per  cent,  in  the  average 
duties,  which  in  the  year  1643  proda- 
ced  a  decline  in  the  amount  collected, 
of  40  per  cent,  and  in  the  average  of 
the  two  years,  1843-44  of  lOjierceiit. 
as  coinpared  with  1B4:1.  This  has 
been  the  practical  efTect  of  the  tariff, 
tn  advance  of  16  per  cent,  in  the  rate 
of  duty  has  diminished  the  revenue  10 
per  cetit.  and  the  trade  of  the  countrj 
SO  per  cent.  The  following  is  a  table 
of  the  import  and  consumption  of  for- 
eign goods,  and  the  gross  duties  on 
msrohandise,  for  sereral  years. 


MIT  IMPORT  OP 

0BBI6H  OOOD 

S— COKStJMPTI0«P«RHB 

ADiBDDin 

lES  COI.l.«C™>. 

InpdXi. 

Import  Fardp 

»■!  iDpon. 

Bp«lelnil»n-    Goodi      CosxuHd 

Dalhi. 

Qoodi.  ^ 

■^Ht.      "^ 

CooKiinm).  per  bnd. 

■K.4K.SXT 

lB.«iS.478 

S7,8W.040 

2.47S.ses 

•1.73 

icasa^is 

IBM 

!tl.87«,830 

14,3BT.47» 

«,S1 1,343 

4.M 

aisra^TS 

1831 

laiisi.iM 

!to.033,a» 

S3,i5T|aDe 

u'lST.em 

30.911,197 

JOLOMJMa 

Sl.a3»,473 

toIwdItot 

S»,964 

7«1.738,8M 

S.SI) 

W.4«,43r 

1833 

lue.llK3ll 

BS.va.SK 

4.8£s.aB 

S,DO 

a.iaa.xa 

1834 

1S,S35,374 

Bti.mi.iii 

10.314,157 

JBU 

S0JO4,4SS 

11S.3B1J4T 

S,a53.t1T3 

iaa,7aT.iTS 

It.  Ml  ,3  U 

IBM 

i«i,eeo,Es 

S  1,748.360 

ie8.iiM.ws 

9.078.1*1 

1SB.157.1M 

14.00 

sftjiasB 

1B3T 

si,SM,»a 

110,134,135 

S,823.<IB4 

iiiswm 

1838 

ii3:Tn,4M 

je.45a,795 

ioi,ai4,eoB 

14,S39,OJO 

iMia.«u 

les 

KaBwm 

]7,4M.»S 

144.W7,MT 

8V> 

n.i3a,3«7 

1840 

918,488 

i3.4«g3M 

1S.4«B.I»1 

113.477,000 

H.48 1.087 

ise 

looinnner 

U™^ 

88,440;S49 

373.477 

88.067,072 

IK  170.730 

1841 

8B.S«0,89S 

ttjw.Tai 

BS,RI3.14a 

AM 

18.S70.1I* 

1644 

100,000,000 

100.000,000 

ooiooaooo 

1.000,000 

sioooiwo 

sificejna 

The  fignrea  for  1B44  are  cslimated 
from  the  data  of  actual  returns  for  eight 
months  alr^aily  received.  The  con- 
sumption of  foreign  goods  in  the  United 
States,  as  expressed  inthe  fifth  column, 
is  (he  net  qoantity  of  merchandise  re- 
maioing  in  the  country  alter  deducting 
the  exports,  and  the  balance  of  specie 
imported.  The  remainder  is  calculated 
per  head  to  the  population,  according 
to  it>  progreasJTB  increase:  aa,  fur  in- 
stance, the  ratio  af  increase  from  1830 
MlSSt)  was  33.36  percent  oflhewhule 
popDlalion,  and  from  1630  to  1S40, 
33.67  per  cent.,Bhowingasmall  dimi- 
nntioD  in  the  ratio  i)f  increase.  On  thia 
basis  the  increase  of  the  population  from 
1640  to  1K44  was  therefore  11.74  per 
cent.,  nhieh  gives  a  population  of 
lS.(U3,ige,  and  a  net  import  of  •85,- 
000,000  foreign  goods,  or  a  con- 
■Bmptioa  of  94,46  per  head.    Th«  con- 


sumption of  foreign  goode  for  the  two 
years  1843-1H44  averages  93,63  per 
head,  which  is  10  per  cent,  less  than 
the  consumplioo  of  1831,  (he  lowest  of 
the  series.  The  year  of  by  far  tho 
largest  revenue  from  customs  was  1830, 
when  the  tariff  of  1B38  was  in  fhllupec- 
ation,  and  the  markets  were  in  a  posi- 
tion similar  in  some  respects  to  what 
now  exists.  The  high  rates  of  doty  ia 
1899  snd  1830  had  greatly  diminished 
the  supply  of  goods,  and  in  1631  a  good 
demand  exislul  in  consequence  of  tha 
reduced  stocks  in  all  the  stores  of  ihs 
interior,  and  In  (he  hands  of  consumers, 
cnnseqnently  the  cnnaumption  perhesd 
in  Ifi3 1  increased  50  per  cent,  over  that 
of  1830.  This  demand  for  goods  found 
a  powerful  stimulus  in  tha  moientent 
of  the  National  Bank  and  niher  insLito- 
lions  of  that  period.  The  receipts  of 
the  Tieasury  were  «•  follows : — 


lizcdbyGoOl^Ic 


18M.1  X»iUUf  FimmeM  md  Cmamereial  ArtkU.  ttl 

Dntin  on  nwnbuidiie,      .        -        .        '        -  C36^4,MS 

TonMge,  ILC ^fi^O 

Told, 3S,77VI2 

Diawback  on  roreign  gooda,       ...        -  $4,687^6 

><         MtdbauntietoDdomMticgoodf,  -      2TS,974     f4,966,8SO 

31,405,462 
EzpenaM  of  collection, 1,180,266 

Nettevenne,  -    " •30,225,197 

ThiBwa»thelargeetciistom»reTenue  wanting.  In  order  to  obaerre  in  how 
ever  collected,  and  will  greatly  exceed  far  the  hanks  uaiated  the  muvement, 
that  of  this  year,  beeauae  iha  powerful  wo  will  lake  a  table  of  leading  feature* 
agency  ofbsnka  to  promote  sales  is  now    ofseveral  banks  in  IBSOand  183*. 

HOVKMtKT  or  CIRTAIIf  liHKS  FilBHT  TO  1830  INK   1833. 

Lan*.  Snecis.       ClntnlUlon.         Iaibi.  Biiwle.        Clmilnlln*. 

U  B.  Bank.  «,«»3.9B       7.108.018       I1.IM,I4S       «.S«,ro7       7,038,(IM       31.3U.1« 

HBuchBKtn.      stobtS     im«*       MM.WO     3»8»7n       mMi       7,im.s» 

N°™lfort  SO^'aa        IMU^Ml  T.BK.SSO        Sl.M.1f>t        IM7.S03        ITW-JM 

F^t^i.,       wiwim      a.«n.aw       T.aoajsB      ji.jbt.om    _  a,Be»,iM      lojecna 
Tear,  iio,w5,au     i9,hi,4S0     aa,SBJ,88a     im,«o>i«8    i3.MS,S3f      M,aw«B 

The  late  National  Bank  increased  by  that  of  1843  pcodoead  a  decline  of 
its  loans  60  per  cent,  and  its  circnid-  60  per  cent,  in  the  consumption  of  for- 
tion  70  per  cent.  •  moTement  which  eign  goods,  leafing  the  consumption 
was  promptly  followed  by  all  the  banks  per  head  in  1843.  less  than  in  any  year 
o»flr  which  it  affected  to  have  control,  since  the  formation  of  the  gneernmeDt. 
The  banks  of  New  York  then  com-  In  1831  and  in  1844  a  reaction  and  in- 
menced  their  discounts  of  long  dated  creased  import  took  place,  bnt  the  re- 
paper  taken  for  goods  sold  in  the  in-  "otion  whb  less  in  the  present  year  than 
terior,  which  greatly  facilitated  sales  in  the  former  one  becanse  of  the  dif- 
on  credit  but  finally  ended  in  reiulsion.  ferent  condilicn  of  financial  afTairs. 
They  then  increased  their  loans  near  The  nnhealthy  sales  of  goods  on  the 
73,00  per  cent.  The  ineTiiable  eonse-  credit  of  "  another  crop,  which  were 
qneoce  of  which  was  large  imports  and  then  made  to  so  great  an  extant  are 
•Jtraordinary  revenues.  The  ease  is  now  very  limited— the  proceeds  of  «c- 
now  Tcry  different.  The  National  toal  sales  of  produce  forminglhe  eMenl 
Bank  has  ceased  to  exist.  The  lesson  of  purf  hsMs  of  goods.  The  raaonei 
of  the  past  has  taught  the  hanks  to  of  selling  goods  adopted  at  thattima 
aroid  that  long  paper  and  accommoda-  by  nontinoally  shoeing  payments  ahead 
tioD  notes,  and  the  loans  of  the  banks  IhrooBh  the  medium  of  bank  renewals, 
of  the  State  of  New  York  have  in-  1»W  '"O  train  for  that  oiplosian  which 
-  creased  from  January,  1842,  to  Augost,  on  the  13ih  of  May,  1837,  drew  from 
IB44,  •16,843,966  only.  Heneeasfar  Mr.  Biddie,  the  author  of  the  false  sys- 
as  the  late  National  Bank  and  those  of  tern  which  produced  the  mischiot,  the 
Now  York  are  conoemed,  there  has  following  aeknowledgment  in  his  letter 
been  an  exteDSion  of  loans  since  the  to  J.  (J.  Adams,  Esq. 
new  tariff  commenced  its  action  of  "We  owe  a  debt  to  foreignfrs,  by  no 
915,943,066  only  against  an  extension  meant  Isrf  e  Ibr  our  retonreei,  but  dispro- 
from  the  same  sonrces  of  962,066,000  portions  e  to  oor  present  menns  of  psj- 
in  183l-.a.  In  these  facts  we  haxe  a  ment.  We  must  take  care  thut  ibis  late 
sufficient  cause  for  the  diminished  measure  (suipention)  shall  not  teem  to 
trade.  In  1938  Ihe  consumption  of  beaneffortio  afoid  psyment  ofonrjutt 
fbreign  goods  per  head  was  near  96  00.  debt.  We  have  worn  and  eaten  and 
In  September  of  that  year  the  high  dmnk  the  propuce  of  Ihe.r  indnslrT-lw 
t«iff  Lme  into  operation  and  in  tie  r^l";"  &^  ^^.l^.'^';:^;^^. 
woceeding  two  years  the  consumption  ""'  "";"•.  i 
of  goods  fell  30  per  cent.  In  Sep-  Through  the  raedinm  of  national 
tember  1643  the  tariff  of  the  extra  sea-  bank  "regulationa  of  eschsngee,"  __ 
■ioncanie  into  operation  and  followed  debts  were  accumulated  and  P"'"''"*'^_,QQ13  |c 


-413                      JlmtUy  Faimcul  md  Commereul  Artklt.  [Oct. 

continued  to  ba  mads,  until  the  prooeeda  by  ita  tunmplkm  of  Suta  delita. 
of  several  jears'  iaduBtty  had  been  Thai  event  would  hiTO  prolonged  the 
conanmed  in  advance.  There  wu  period  of  eitrBTagance  a  few  year*, 
then  but  one  remedy,  either  to  continue  and  have  been  followed  hy  irrelrievabla 
to  borrnw  in  advance,  or  to  stop  pay-  national  bankruptcy.  Before  the  fail- 
ing. Tlie  former  was  impossible,  and  nre  of  the  States,  the  interest  das  bd- 
tho  latter  was  resorted  to.  The  state  nually  abroad  had  reached  16  per  cent. 
of  aflfuirs  is  now  entirely  different,  of  the  whole  value  of  exports.  That 
There  being  no  national  bank  machine-  is,  of  t6  worth  of  produce  sent  out  of 
ry  to  "regulate  exchanges,"  or  to  ex-  the  coootry,  one  waa  for  the  payment 
lend  loans,  the  year's  buaijiesa  mast  be  of  interest.  Under  the  guarantee  of 
settled  with  its  close.  When  the  sur-  the  federal  government,  there  ia  do 
plus  produce  of  a  section  of  the  coun-  doubt  but  ihat  the  foreign  debts  would 
try,  or  of  the  whole,  in  relation  to  its  have  swollen  nnti]  the  interest  would 
external  trade,  has  been  sent  forward  have  absorbed  a  full  half  of  the  ex- 
and  the  proceeds  applied  to  the  pay-  ports.  In  euch  an  event,  national  ruin 
ment  of  goods,  if  there  is  slill  a  bal-  was  inevitable ;  but  happily  the  torrent 
ance  due,  specie  moat  discharge  it,  and  of  debt  and  extravagance  was  stayed 
the  account  of  the  new  year  opens  before  aoj  fatal  diaaateia  had  taken 
anew.     Under  the   bank   system,   the  place. 

balance  was,  bj  the  operation  of  cred-  In   the   existence  and   operation   of 

ttors,   transferred    to    the    new   year,  the  late  Nation^  Bank,  may  ondoubt- 

which,   at  Its  close,  presented  an  ad-  ediy   be   ascribed   all   the   speeulaiion 

Terse  balaooe  enhanced  mora  than  100  which  took  place  front  the  eommeace- 

per  cent.,  which  waa  again  thrown  for-  ment  of  the  operation  of  the  tariff  of 

ward  until  payment'beeameimpossible.  1S^6  to  the  explosion  in   1837.     It  ia 

No  systems   of  credits,  how  extensive  true  that  emanating  from  London  as  & 

aoever  they  may  be,  can  supply  the  common  centre,  a  stream  of  cradita 

Elaoe  of  actual  payment.     When  the  flowed  over  the  face  of  the  comn)ercial 

anks  stopped  in  1837,  it  waa  becsnae,  world,  carrying  with  it  the   germ   of 

as  Mr.  fiiddle  stated,  there  was  ao  dieaster.     iJut  the  cheap    money    «f 

large  a   balance  due  from  the  Interior  England  and  the  speculationa  which  it 

to  the  Atlantic  cities,  and  from  the  lat-  engendered,  found   a  response  only  in 

ter  to  Europe  that  it  could  not  be  paid,  those  quarters    where    a   system    of 

The   specie   in   the   country   waa   not  banking  existed  which   employed  the 

aaffioient   to    discharge    the    balance,  means  obtained  by  credit  in  mulU[^y- 

From    that    time   up   to    1840,   near  ing  outstanding  obligations  throngb  all 

•300,000,000  of  State   and    company  the  channels  of  trade.     In  those  yean 

Blocks  were  sent  abroad   and    mostly  money  from  England  formed  the  capi- 

sold;  hot  even  they  were  insufficient  tal  of  banks  in  all  coantries.  Canada, 

to  discharge  the  iMilance,  because  the  the  West    Indies,     Austialie,    India, 

false  system  of  credits  waa  conlimied  Austria,  Belgium,  France,  as  well  ■• 

from  Pbiladelj^ia  as  a  centre.      Ttie  the  United  States,  all  presented  a  bank- 

lesalt  waf  I  not  that  the  solvency  of  tite  ing  mania.    And  it  was  through  the 

hanks  was  restored,  but  that  nine  save-  instrumentality  of  these  banks  that  all 

jeign  States  were  made  bankmpt,  and  the  world  became  indebted  to  Eneland. 

the  remaining  States  narrowly  escaped  When  she  called  back  her  capital,  ani> 

the   same   fate  ;  and   that  only,  as  in  versa!  ruin  was  the  consequence.     In 

'  New  York,  by  the  timely  stoppage  of  the  United  States,  the  late  National 

loans.      The  changing  of  the  form  of  Bank  was  the  direct  instrnment  in  eK< 

credit   while  tlie  same  system  of  ex-  tending   credits,   which   were   applied 

travagance    was    cootinued,    did    not  mostly    to    the    purchase    of  foreign 

enhance   the   means   of  the   people  to  goods,  and  which  eventually  could  not 

pay ;  nor  did  it  multiply  the  proceeds  be  paid  for.     In  order  to  show   bow 

of  their  industry.     No  matter  to  what  closely  and  intimately  tha  tariff  waa 

extent   the   credits   might   have   been  connected  with  the  movement  of  that 

nnliiplied,   the   same  result  was  inev-  institution,  we  shall  take  a  table  of  ita 

itable.    When  the  fsilore  of  individn-  loans,  specie  and  circulation  in  Joly 

als  and  banks  was  followed  by  that  of  fur  a  series   of  years,  and   a  table  M 

States,  it  was  proposed  to  substitute  imports   of  goods    into    the    United 

the  credit  of  the  tedetsl  goveinmeot.  States,  as  foUowa  : —                      /-—               i 

.).i,t,zcd=yL.OOglC 


I 


MtntMif  Fmameiat  and  CwmmtcwJ  Artielt. 


nxtt»   FOB  T 


33,631,692 
3G,020,490 
34,191,166 
3S^6,410 

43/118,132 
43;238,I6S 
96,962,044 
67,416,001 
63,369^7 


4,048,178 
6,194,275 
6,38),3a9 
6,631,734 

6,641,9SS 
10,262,329 
12,115,476 

7,519,083 
10fi9S,SlS 


10,890,343 

13,691,783 
15,346,407 
1(1,199,8 17 
20,52(1,068 
19,366,359 


86,340,079 
84,974,477 
79,484,068 
88,509,624 

74,492,527 
70,876,920 
103,191,124 
101,029,266 
108,118^11 


72,264,686 

72,358,671 
73,649,608 

61,310,583 
87,176,943 
SU,  140,433 


In  Iba  ytu,  September,  1838,  the 
import  of  ^ooda  was  large,  In  aioid  the 
dnties  which  were  impoaed  in  Sepiem- 
b«(  of  ihM  year.  Now  we  observe  that 
the  moiement  of  the  banks,  in  the  sis 
years,  from  1823  to  1839,  wag  very 
legular.  The  tariff  of  1834,  which  was 
moderate  in  iis  elfecte,  caused  an  io- 
creaae  of  SO  per  cent.  Id  the  specie,  and 
enabled  it  to  raise  its  circulation  lo 
910,000,000,  Bt  which  point  it  remain- 
ed until  the  close  of  1828.  Now  it  is 
obaerTable  that  the  excess  of  import 
over  export  for  the  eiaht  jears,  closing 
with  1B30,  wta  oni;  «S4,1U3,076.    In 


1820,    -        ■       -       2,e4l»,420 

From  July,  1030,  to  Jalf,  1833,  the 
bank  loans  increased  t34,000,000.  In 
the  same  time,  the  iniporlB  increased 
430,1)00,000,  and  the  excess  of  import 
over  export  was  936,000,000. 

This  was  the  movement  of  the 
"  governing  bank,"  and  it  was  followed 
eagerly,  not  only  by  other  banks  in  ex- 
!,  but  by  ail  the  new 


created,  mouly  with  the  »i«itn« /ur- 
nithed  by  the  Natiooal  Bank.  They 
were  simply    the  machine  bj  which 


the  next  three,  with  the  tame  duty,  the 
excess  of  imporU  was  953,710,742, 
because,  in  that  period,  ihe  bank  had 
doubled  its  circulation  and  increased  il> 
loans  920,000,000,  or  SO  per  ceot. 
Here  is  cause  and  effect  lery  clearly 
eslablished.  Under  the  low  tariff,  priot 
to  1828,  the  annual  excess  of  imports 
was  93,000,000 ;  and  in  ihe  subsequent 
year  of  high  tariff,  816,000,000  per 
annum.  The  extension  of  ibe  bank 
was  more  in  proportion  at  the  western 
hranches  than  at  the  mother  bank. 
The  Kentucky  branch,  alone,  increased 
its  circulation  as  follows : 

IS3I,    -        .        -      3,529,080 


foreign  goods  were  introduced  inlo  the 
country  and  sold  not  in  profiLable  ex- 
change  for  American  produce,  but  on 
credit.  That  system  is  now  done  away 
with,  but  the  project  is  still  iifTered  to 
the  American  peoole  to  establish  it  by 
the  creation  ot  a  National  Bank,  with 
950,000,000  capital,  composed  of  tba 
joint  stocks  of  the  Federal  GoTernment 
and  the  several  States — a  project  which 
needs  bnt  to  be  named  to  be  con- 
demned. 


lizcdbyGoOl^Ic 


Muttily  LUtraiy  BuUsti». 


MONTHLY  LITERARY  BULLETIN. 


Prof.  Von  Ranmer  hai  ■  great  philoiaphi- 
cal  work  in  progrem  on  ihii  countrj',  its 
eoDMilution,  fieniui  of  iti  jnhabilanli, 
&e.j  and  it  vUl  forni  an  admirable 
eampaaion  to  M.  D«  TocquevJlle's  po- 
pular volumes.  Tbe  Professor,  b;  the 
way,  received  tbe  most  marked  allen- 
tion  b;  the  cilizene  of  PhiladelphiB,  oa 
his  TisitB,  recently,  being  inTiled  to  a 
■pleodid  banqnet  on  (he  occasiOD,  at 
M  literary  mea  were  pre- 


Laoeley  has  ■nnonnced  a  little  Manual 
"  On  Heodachea,"  by  Weatherhead, 
anihor  of  sundry  other  treatises,  &.c. 
We  hear  Gregg's  valuable  volume*, 
"  The  Commerce  of  the  Prairies,"  are 
■elliag  rapidly,  and  that  their  merito- 
Tjous  author  is  litcely  to  reap  a  goldm 
bnrvest,  not  of  opinions  merely,  but 
Bomelhing  more  substantial. 

J.  8.  RedGeld  announces  (he  "ElemeuU 
of  Comparative  Anatomy,"  designed 
especially  for  the  dfc  of  students,  by 
Rudolph  Wagner,  M.D.,  Profeswr  of 
Comparative  Anatomy  and  PbysJoli^ 
in  the Uflireni(y  orG«(tingen,  lie.  &e. 
Edited  by  Albert  Tulk,  Member  of  (be 
Rojal  ColIeseofSurgeons;  also, "The 
Pictorial  History  of  the  Americao  Re- 
volution," illuKtratrd  irith  several  hnn- 
dfed  ensraviogi,  in  one  volume,  Svo. ; 
tbe  "  Mil  tary  Maiims  of  Napoleon," 
translaled  from  the  French,  with  notes 
and  illustrations  by  Col.  D'Agutlar. 

The  lovers  ofthe  comic  will  begratiSed 
to  lenrn  (hat  an  Am  'rieen  edition  of  the 
inimitable  "PQnch,"has  just  appeared, 
under  the  title  of  "  A  Bowl  ofPunch," 
comprising  the  best  of  the  spicy  ine;re- 
dientsofthal  creamy  original.  "Punch" 
has  long  been  looked  npon  as  tbe  foon- 
lain  of  fun;  he  is  often  wonderfully 
clever,  and  always  amusing.  Some  of 
the  Srst  pens  of  England  have  enriched 
his  Bolumns.  While  speaking  of  the 
e  miitht  mention  another 
novelty,  which  is  shonly 
to  appear,  neady  embellished,  and 
which  we  suppose  the  initiated  vrill  be 
elad  to  secj  it  is  to  be  entitled  "The 
History  and  Mvstery  of  Puffins,  or  a 
Few  Frw;mn(  WbiiTsfrDm  (he  Weed," 
fee. ;  a  light  and  langhing  melange,  by 
T.  Baekey. 

Lea  k.  Blanchard  are  aboDt  to  publish  a 
valaable  historical  aeriei,  oa  the  popu- 


lar plan;  including,  among  o(here,  th« 
following:  "  Ranke's  History  of  the 
Reformation;"  "  Proctor's  History  of 
Jtnlyi"  "Thierry's  History  ofthe  Con- 
quest of  England ;"  "  Mtchelel'i  His- 
tory of  France  j"  "Walpole's  Memoirs 
of  George  the  Third  ;"  "  Koblarusch's 
History  ofGermany;"  "GoiKot's  Es- 
say on  History,"  the  complete  work  { 
"  The  History  of  the  Unit  Mates  of 
America,  from  the  plantattim  of  th« 
British  Colonies  till  their  Revolt  and 
Declaration  of  Independence,  by  Jame* 
Gimtaatne,  Esquire,  with  ndes,  addi- 
tions, and  a  contioaalion ;"  "  WraZ' 
all's  Potthumons  Jdemoirt,"  and  other 

<■  Count  Julian,  or  the  Last  Days  of  the 
Goths,"  is  the  title  of  a  romance  by  the 
author  ofthe  "Yemassee,''  &c.,  which 
is  now  in  tbe  press. 

Mr.  Griswold  is  preparing  "  Tfie  Bench 
and  Bar  in  America,"  a  biographical 
history,  which  will  be  rich  in  the  cari- 
osities of  legal  experience,  in  anecdote, 
and  in  general  information  respecting 
the  profession,  from  the  first  organizl- 
tion  of  tbe  courU  in  New  England. 

Longfellow's  Volume,  which,  like  Grii- 
wold's,  will  be  issned  by  Messrs.  Carey 
and  Hart  in  a  style  (o  match  the  "PoeU 
and  Poetry  of  America,"  will  comprise 
liberal  selections  from  tha  poets  of 
France,  Spain,  Italy,  Germany,  and  the 
Sclavonian  nations,  translated  by  tbe 
learned  editor,  and  other  eminent  poets 
and  scholars,  with  an  elaborate  hisIOTi- 
cal  and  critical  introduction. 

A  large  and  superbly  illus(ra(ed  edition 
of  Campbell  will  be  issned  very  soon, 
by  Lea  ft  Blanchard.  It  will  be  pre- 
ceded by  a  Life  of  tbe  Poet,  by  Wash- 
ington Irving;  on  Essay  on  bis  genius, 
by  Lord  Jeffrey,  and  accompanied  with 
notes  by  Mr.  Griswold. 

Dr.  Copland's  celebrated  work,  «  A  Dic- 
tionary of  Practical  Medidne,"  edited, 
revised,  and  brought  np  to  the  present 
time,  fay  Prof.  Charles  A.  Lee,  hsa  at 
length  made  its  dtb&l.  We  congratu- 
late tbe  profession  upon  (he  appear- 
ance of  such  a  truly  valuable  work;  aad 
we  cannot  doubt  (hat  they  will  evince 
Iheir  estimate  of  its  claims,  by  eitend* 
ing  Iheir  nnanimous  and  prompt  sap- 
port  to  It.  It  is  to  be  completed  itt 
abonl  twenty  parts,  fl(ly  cents  each, 
the  finl  of  which  is  now  ready. 


lizcdbyGoOl^Ic 


UNITED  STATES  MAGAZINE, 

DEMOCRATIC  REVIEW. 


NOVEMBER,  1844. 


FIRST  WORD  AFTER  THE  ELECTION. 

Wb  b&Te  pnrpoMly  deUyed  the  i»iie  maoj  noUe  heart*,  for  the  firm  estmb- 
of  the  precenl  Number  of  the  Demo-  lishment  ia  the  populu  mind  of  ifaoM 
entie  EteTiewfto  the  middle,  imtesdof  gre&l  idea*  whieh  consiitDte  the  politi-. 
the  fint  of  the  moQih,  to  Kwait  the  de-  ftl  Faith  of  the  Demoeratio  Partj, 
ci*ion  of  the  Great  lame,  which  at  the  have  not  been  all  wasted.  The  conn- 
date  of  onr  laat  hung  trembling  in  the  trj  has  not  been  committed  to  the  go- 
■eales  of  a  moat  deeply  and  iDtenaetj  vernment  of  that  badlj  great  man, 
uxions  miapeaae.  No  one  will  aeenie  Henty  Clay,  and  the  ascendency  of  all 
lu  of  having  bees  cootBQt,  meanwliile,  thoee  falae  and  fatal  herasiei  of  doe- 
Tith  a  place  among  the  ioactiTa  apec-  trine  anrnmed  op  in  the  word  which  he 
tatOTB  of  the  fray ;  a  daily  paper,  hotly  haa  gixea  to  the  political  vocabotary, 
eagaged in  ita  vetymidBt,baiit)g borne  "Ctajiam."  Agam,  from  the  bottoni 
daily  witneaa  to  the  contrary.  We  of  oar  heart,  we  exclaim,  thank  God 
wi^ed  to  know,  hefbre  again  meeting  for  it ! 

our  readen,  to  whom  in  October  we  We   have   grased   thia   great  peril 

addiaaMd  s  "laat    wonl   btfort   the  moch  cloaer  than  we  had  imagined  we 

rieetion,"  what  tone  waa  meet  (bi  the  ehonld.    We  faave  had  a  much  more 

"liret  wind  o/ter,"— 'Whether  we  ehonld  eqaal  fight  to  fight,  a  much  harder  vie- 

hare  to  rejoice   "rnhh  them  over  our  tory  to  achiere,  than   two  or    three 

ooimtry   aared,  or  to  eyropetbise  in  month*  ago  we  dreamed  coold  be  the 

their  grief  oTcr  her  eore  calamity,  if  ease.     And  when  we  dwell  upon  the 

not  her  fatal  raia.    Whether,  in  the  email  relstiTe  majorities  by  which  we 

latter  eTont,  onr  preaent  article  might  have   oarrisd  the  three    great  Demo- 

not  have  been  onr  laat,  and  wheUier  we  eratie  States  of  New  York,  Pennajl- 

ahonld  have  had  the  heart  to  eontinne  Tania  and  Virginia — together  with  onr 

uy  longer,  throngh  thia  oi  any  other  loes  of  Mme  other  Statea  on  whioh  we 

organ  of    politioal    action,    the    vain  had  rested  a  confidence  disappointed 

■tmggle  against  the  rising  aad  orer-  hy  the  event — we  feel  a*  men  who 

whdming     tidee    of    connption    and  tramble    as   they    look    back  on  some 

wrong,  we  serionaly  donht.    Bat,  thank  featfnl    abyss    miraculonsly   crosaed. 

God,   our  (mat  in  the  people,  in  oni  Bat,  alight  and  frail  as  mar  have  been 

oaosa,  in  the  destiny  of  onr  eonatry,  tbo  narrow  bridge  by  which  the  yawn- 

aod  in  the  Providenee  that  watches  over  ing  gulf  of  political  mio  has  been  thus 

il,  haa  not  been  diaappointed.    All  the  eleued,  we  ere   at  last  triumphanity 

long  stmgglBe  of  weary  years,  for  the  over,  and  again  on  solid  groand,  wher*                 | 

maintenance  of  the  tme  principles  of  a  long  career  of  happy  and  honorable                   | 

onr  gOTenunent,have  net  been  in  Tain,  anccesa   lies    before  ua,   smooth   and 

The  strong  lobora  efoouitleaa  power-  aafs,    forward   and  upward,  where  JIV-                 | 

fulnuoda,asdtfae«an»BtprsyeraofBa  future  perils,  for  many  ft  praapOTiuiOOQ  IC 


4W                                   Firtt  Word  Afler  Ihe  EUction.  [Not. 

je«T,  ineDaee  out  path,  aomporabla  to  eyn.    But  the  preaent  eleetioa  hu  in~ 

Ihe  one  now  so  proTidentiall;  eseaped,  yoWei  not  only  all  the  issues  connected 

so  glotiousl;  a-iumphed  over.  with  these  two,  but  also  a  great  deal 

We  cDnfeBB  that  we  had  eipActed  a.  more.     Mi.  Van  Buren's  election  did 

much  more  sweeping  victory.     We  re-  not  immediately  involve  an;  other  great 

Sret  that  the  Staiesof  Connecticut,  New  pomt  of  political  truth  or  public  morali- 
ersey,  Maryland,  North  Carolina,  Ohio  ^,  than  that  of  the  importance  ofde- 
and  (perhaps)  Indiana,  could  hare  been  feating  an  avowed  attempt  to  frustrate 
brought,  however  small  their  majoriliaB,  the  wDlofthe  majority  of  ibe  people  bf 
to  vote  for  Mr.  Clay.  We  did  indeed  the  expedient  of  running  (hree  or  four 
much  underrate  the  power  of  an  active  diatinct  opposition  candidates,  of  vari~ 
organisation,  reckless  of  its  modes  and  ous  schools  of  political  doctrine,  in  iha 
means  ;  actoaied  by  high-strung  party  different  sections  of  the  country,  foi  the 
passion  ;  si imn I aled  by  unlimited  profu-  almost  Ireasonable  purpose  of  prevent- 
sion  of  money  ;  warmed  by  an  unpre-  in^  an  Mection  by  (he  people,  and  caz- 
eedented  personal  enthnBlasm  for  alead-  rymg  the  Presidency  to  he  again  bonght 
sr ;  and  pushed  to  the  point  'of  exttem-  and  sold  in  the  House  of  Representa- 
est  desperation,  by  the  universal  con-  tives.  And  as  for  his  secood  candi- 
■cionsnesB  that  it  was  the  very  last  dateship,  which  resulted  in  the  election 
ohance  led,  between  the  aliemalives  of  of  Harrison  and  Tyler,  though  we  had 
most  splendid  triumph  or  moat  inetriev-  the  great  question  of  the  Indepeodenea 
able  disgrace  and  dissolution.  We  of  the  TreasUVy,  yet  it  lost  some  of  it* 
knew  Uuit  such  a  party  organization  importance  from  the  ncm^ommittaliBm 
could  do  a  great  deal,  but  did  not  sus-  of  the  opposition  on  the  subject  of  tbs 
pect  that  it  could  have  done  so  much,  oorrency  and  futore  fiscal  system , — 
to  besi  up  under  the  depressing  weight  and  though  it  was  highly  desirable  to 
of  such  a  candidate  and  sach  a  cause,  i^ukehy  defeat  the  disgraceful  system 
Bat  it  is  all  over  now — it  was  but  the  ofelectioneering  then  brought  into  play, 
last  struggling  convulsion  of  departing  from  the  very  contempt,  entertained  by 
vitality ; — ana  the  great  Whig  Party  of  those  nho  used  it,  for  the  people  whom 
the  last  twelve  or  fourteen  years,  with  they  insulted  while  they  betrayed,  yet 
theChiefin  whosepersonhadbeencan-  after  all  it  was  rather  in  spiteo/,thaM 
oentraled  its  most  complete  incarnate  by  mfani  o/ that  system,  that  the^  sue- 
representation,  now  lies  like  the  Philis-  oeeded  as  they  did,  by  the  operatum  of 
tine  giant  whose  ^)ear  was  a  weafet's  causes  mainly  fortuitous,  and  tempore 
beam,  lifeless  and  stark  at  the  feet  of  ry  in  their  nature.  None  of  tbese  late 
the  young  Genios  of  Democracy,  still  previous  elections  can  hecnmpared,  in 
quivering  with  the  excitement  of  the  point  of  importance  to  the  very  vitala 
victory  achieved  only  by  the  aid  of  a  of  our  politics,  with  the  present  one, 
higher  power  than  its  own  simple  sling  which  involves,  concentrated  into  one 
and  pebble  from  the  brook,  comprehensive  general  issue,  every- 
The  more  reflection  is  beEtowed  np-  thingthattheyallinvolved — with,asb«- 
on  it,  the  mora  stron^y  will  the  tra^  fore  remarked,  a  great  deal  more  be- 
come forth,  out  of  the  confused  back-  sides. 

ground  of  the  whole  tumultuous  move-  The  stakes  won  on  all  farmer  vio> 

ment  of  the  late  contest,  that  this  is  tories  were  collected  iuto  one  preciuns 

the  moil  important  tUction  that  hat  pile  of  hazard  on  this  contest.     This 

t^en  piact  in  this  tounlry  linee  that  was  Ihe  last  closing  campaign  of  the 

of  Jejferim  in  IBOO.     Jackson's  first  entire  long  war  which  began  in  Jack- 

and  second  elections  were  both  very  son's  first  term,  and  continued  througii 

momentous  ones — the  first,  for  the  sake  various  vicissitudes  of  sneoess  and  de- 

of  the  vindication  of  the  principle  of  the  feat  from  that  day  to  this.    Henry  Cbnr 

supremacy  of  the  popular  will  over  the  has  been  the  great  chief  of  the  Bank 

corrupt  intrignes  of  personal  ambition,  Anti-Republican,  Anti- Democratic  par- 

whicb  made  it  necessary  thus  to  punish  tj,  in  every  battle  of  this  prolonged 

and  rebuke  that  first  fatal  great  crime  and  tremendous  struggle  of  parties, 

of  Clay's  political  life,  the  Coalition; —  ptineiples  and  policies.     If  only  twee 

and  the  second,  for  the  preservation  of  before,  within  that  period,  he  was  is 

the  country  from  the  perpetuated  do-  person   the  acta^  Presidential  Candi-                         | 

minion  oTihat  mammoth  money  moDopo-  date  of  his  party,  it  was  from  prudea- 

1  J, now,  tharic heaven,  disposed  of  for  tial  distrust  of  hU  want  of  popiilan^i^~'^,-^0|p 


J 


IBM.]  Firtt  Wori  After  l\t  EUetitm.  4M 

tbongh  he  waa  atiJl  the  main-Bpnng  of  whioh  would    BpeediJ  j    Taiolatianiu 

tiia  mOTement,  ibe  true  incarDatioD  or  our  betutiful  federative  ajateni  into  a 

the  pftttj,  and  the  understood  roaater-  oonsolidated  and  anreatrained  eoergr 

■pirit    of    whatCTer    Whig    adminis'  of  central  governmenlaoan  lo  dislocats 

tntion  ihonld  be  formed.     But    now  the  Uaiou  by  the  inevitable  violeaoe  of 

Its  came  up  in  aciual  person,  and  tbe  its  action,  and  to  burst  ita  fra^euta 

whole  Wbig  party,  by  the  eDtbaaiaatia  asundei,  never  again  to  be  re-nniLed. ' 
•eolamatioD  of  ita  choice  of  him,  form'       There  be  was,  with  the  sympatfaiea 

ally  held  him  up  a>  the  full  embodi-  and  support  of  all  the  old  federal  partj, 

meat  of  all  tbal  it  was,  tbe  full  expre»-  and  of  all  that  was  aati-pcpaUr  and 

sioD  of  all  that  it  thought,  felt,  wiahed  aoii-democ ratio  in  the  country, 
and  intended.  There  he  waa,  with  Ibe  recollectian 

There  he  waa,  with  hia  unfoigotten  of  all  those  disgiacefa)  aria  of  low  de- 

betrayal  of  the  people  and  tbe  party  magoguism  which  marked  the  Dnfbrgi< 

whose  cherished  favorite  he  had  been,  ven  electioneering  campaign   of  1S40 

on  the  oecaaion  of  his  Coalition  with  only  to  be  atoned  far  by  a  popular  te- 

Ad  am  B,  and  all    the  Federalism  with  versalof  tbe  verdict  of  that  election;  for 

which  Adama  at  the  same  lime  coalea-  which,  though  Mr.Clay  waa  no  pertooal 

wA.  participant  in  them,  be  stood  before  ns 

There  he  waa,  with  that  fixed  idea  fully  leapontible  ;  still  cherishing-  the 

of  a  National  Bank  which  he  brought,  same  base  party  emblem  then  adopted, 

deepened  and   embittered  almost  into  of  one  of  the  meanest  of  the  thieving 

a  passion   by   ths  memory  of  all  the  animals ;  and  aupported  by  the   same 

defeats  ha  had  suffered,  but  suffered  in  men,  and  somewhat   after  tbe  same 

Tain,  in  his  paat  tremsndoua  strugglfls  manner. 

in  its  behalf.  There  he  was,  with  all  that  command- 
There  he  was,  with  his  determined  ing  energy  of  latents,  and  fascinating 
oppositioD  to  the  Independence  of  the  brilliancy  of  peraonal  qualities,  which, 
Treasury,  and  to  all  those  ideas  of  cur-  by  giving  liira  so  much  power  for  evil, 
tency  reform  whioh  tend  in  the  direc-  made  all  these  high  political  objeeiiona 
lion  of  tbe  larger  infuaioo  into  it  of  to  him  tenfold  more  momentous  in  his 
the  precious  metals.  person  than  they  would  have  bean  in 

There  bs  was,  with  his  fatal  fodBral  the  person  of  any  inferior  man. 
scheme  of  Dialributiou,  to  bay  tbe  votee  There  he  was,  with  the  demoralising 
of  the  embarrassed  States ;  to  corropt  infiuence  of  the  example  of  his  long  and 
tbe  LsgiBlatorea  thns  made  stipendiaries  restless  career  of  ever-atraining  ambi- 
of  the  national  bounty ;  and  to  inorease  tion — steady  only  to  the  one  great  and 
the  wants  ef  the  government,  to  be  in  view,  reckless  of  the  ways  and  means 
supplied  by  more  and  mote  tariff  taxa-  that  seemed  to  lead  to  its  attainment — 
(ion  for  the  benefit  of  capitaliat  manu-  elastic  in  erery  opinion,  nnsetUed  in 
ftcturera.  every  principle — addressing  his  court 
There  he  waa,  with  his  intolerable  ever  rather  to  tbe  baser  sympathies  of 
heresy  of  the  abolition  of  tbe  coosli-  the  national  pocket  than  to  the  nobler 
tutional  Veto — a  feature  of  ooc  system  sentiments  of  the  national  heart — die- 
only  tbe  more  endeared  to  the  Repub-  talorial  to  friends,  fierce  and  insolent 
licao  Democraoy  of  the  Union,  by  all  to  opponents — and  while  abounding  in 
tboee  ver^  instances  of  its  exercise  those  brilliant  aooiai  and  domestic 
out  of  which  bad  grown  the  bitterness  ^aces  that  win  the  heart  and  dazzle  the 
of  his  opposition  to  it.  imagination  of  friends,  yet  wholly  de- 
There  he  was,  with  all  that  inhtnate  ficieot  in  those  more  sober,  steady,  and 
devotionto  theselfishioterest  ofasmalt  upright  qualitiea  of  intellectual  and 
elass  of  the  wealthy  lords  of  the  looms,  moral  hahit,  which,  in  connection  with 
which 'makes  him  willia^  to  drain  all  soundnessof  doctrine,  should  oonstitat* 
the  natural  rills  that  irrigate  the  lar-  the  true  exemplar  of  the  Amerioan 
mer'a  field,  to  awell  the  artificial  stream  statesman,  the  true  representative  ex- 
which  his  policy  wonid  pour,  laden  with  pression  of  the  aggregate  Ameiiean 
•and  of  gold,  npon  the  wheels  of  a  few  character. 

cotton  and  woollen  mills.  There  waa  the  Man — and,  as  embo- 

There  he  was,  with  alt  that  habit  died  alike  in  his  political  and  personal 

of  latitudinsrian  looseness  of  construe-  character,  there  was  tbe  Party — with 

tion,  in  regard    to   the  Constitution,  whom  in  this  election,  the  Democracy 


UO  Fir*t  Word  After  ttu  ElacUm.  [Nor  ■ 

huhsd  toeBgaMin&lastdflstli-atnig-  do  fall  and  fair  jaMiee  to  the  tuk, mtk 

gle,  in.  which  the  triumph  of  the  one  cotuoientioaa  resolve  to 

WMtobethein|eTDcablBdM^ctioD]>f  i,o(hE„g  atMiMte,  nor  Mght  Mt  down 

the  other.     Had  he  succeeded,  it  would  in  malice— 
IwTB  Btamped  him,  hii  idesa  aed  his 

ohuMter,  apon  the  futare  liiitory  of  then  it  will  be  s  book  which  we  would 

OUT  goTBcnment,  with  n  fatal  depth  and  hata  moet  earnestly  and  deeplj  studied 

exteat  of  miscbief  neTerperhaps  to  be  by  ever^  youns  Amerioan  diapoaed  to 

again  eSaced.     TlianL  God,  again  the  indatge  in  the  tasoinating  ambition  of  a 

exelamatien  risee,  with  aa  devout  a  ain-  high  political  career.    Id  all  the  appeal* 

cerity  aa  ever  prompted  its  utterance,  ever  made  by  na,  orgeittly  and  anzioua- 

that  ha  did  not  aaoceed,  and  that  the  ly,  however  feebly,  againat  his  elexs- 

calamity  of  all  theee  conaequeDcea  haa  tioD  to  the  office  for  which — with  all 

not  fallen  upon  ua,  our  cbildteo  and  personal  aptoDdore  we  hare  never  heei' 

onr  CDontTy  I  tated  to  concede  lo  him — ws  have  re- 

The  ahip  of  the  state  ia  now  lafe  garded  him  as  the  very  worst  man  in 

again,  clear  of  the  breakers  so  Darrowly  Die  Union,  we  have  never  been  inflO' 

grased,  and  amoo^ily  afloat  once  more,  enced  by  any  other  spirit  than  that 

with  a  flawing  sheet  and  a  prosperoua  becoming    a    fair,    conscientious    u)d 

gale,  on   the   good    old    "  Repoblican  generona  political  opposition.     He  lies 

taok."    In  the  trnaty  and  straight-far'  fallen  and  dead  now  on  the  field  of  hia 

ward  pilotage  to  which,  with  her  gal-  last    and  greatest  battle,    where  ha 

lant  and  generous  crew,  she  ia  now  headed  with  all  hu  eharaoteriHtie  gal- 

eonu&itted,  we  cheerfully  bid  her  God-  Ivitry  the  array  of  hia  boat,  never  mora 

apeed,  along  the  elorions  career  that  devoted  to  a  more  splendid   leader. 

DOW  amilea  before  ner  way.  Let  him  be  bnried  with  all  the  bonots 

A  last  word  about  Mr.  Cla^.    His  of  war,     Let  hie  friends  indulge,  nn- 

career  ia  now  closed.     On  this  point  disturbed  either  by  needless  eanTtation, 

there  is  no  further  question,  whether  by  or  by  the  worse  insult  of  pity,  thosa 

friend  or  foe.  His  name,  stilt  a  noble  and  pioBs  lamentations  which  do  credit  to 

a  great  one,  wilt  long  serve  ai  a  tall  them,  and  to  him  an  honor  soarcelv  in- 

politioal  moniuneot  to  warn  the  fntaie  ferior  to  all  that  victory  could  navo 


of  Ameiicao  youth  against  conferred.    While  for  the  Democratic 

those  things  through  which  each  a  man  Party  we  are  free  to  make  the  avowal,- 

•0  failed  and  so  fell.    The  day  has  not  which  will  not  lail  lo  command  their 

yet  come  for  his  biography  to  be  writ-  general  sympathy  and  assent,  that  h» 

tan  aright.     It  should  neither  be  done  was  a  foe  well  worthy  of  onr  ateel— 

during  hia  own  life,  nor  by  any  of  those  whom  we  were  forced  lo  respect,  even 

who  have  ebared,  on  the  one  side  or  on  when  tbroed  by  a  siill  higher  necessity 

the  other,  in  the  intense  excitements  of  and  duty  to  deal  hia  deaih-wonnd — 

thatlong-memorablecontestfrom  which  and  whose  very  fate,  for  the  sake  of 

we  are  all  now  re|oicing  to  repose.  But  what  he  onee  had  been,  wsbalfla- 

when  the  day  and  the  historian  come,  to  mented  aa  we  laid  him  low. 


lizcdbyGooi^le 


FRANCIS  LISZT.- 

BT  lUU.   X.  r.  SLLBT. 

It  ia  CBpeeUllj    deainble    thai    the  bUlh  was  lemulable  for  (lie  appear- 

nuteriaU  for  the  biographj  of  a  man  of  ance  of  a  comet ;  a  fact  which  did  not 

gBDins — a  KTcat  utiat,  poet  oi  scholar,  fail  lo  impress  the  mind  of  bis  father, 

should  be  ample,  embracinr  evea  the  Adah  Liszt.     He  looked  upon  the 

moot  trivial  details.    We  oKea  remain  phenomenoD  as  a  si^  of  hi^eon's  fu- 

in  ignoranoB  of  the  real  character  of  a  ture  eminence.     This  superatition  of  a 

celebrated  person,  because  we  cannot  fond  parent  may  meet  with  some  in- 

possese  ounelves  of  aojr  faithful  histo-  dnlgence,  when  it  is  recollected  how 

Tjr  of  those  ciicmnstances  of  his  life,  Goethe  himself,  who  seemed  in  general 

which  always  exert  a  Tast  indueoce,  most  at  home  on  eaith,  commenced  bis 

and  hare  perhaps  chieflj  contributed  to  confessions  of  "  Poetry  and  Truth." 
tender  him  what  be  is.  Adah  Liszt  was  in  the  service  of 

The  position  now  occupied  hy  Liszt,  Friitce  EsterhaxT ;  and  waa  so  excel- 

makes  a  notice  of  his  life  particularly  lent  a  musician,  that  he  could  ranic  high 

interesting.     He  has  scarcely  attained  as  a  virtuoeo  among  the  connoisseurs. 

the  prime  of  manhood,  and  is  already  His   iostiument  also  was  the  piano  : 

acknowledged  to  be  the  first  pianist  ot  and  with  his  splendid  execution,  bad 

the  ue.     Europe,  in  all  its  length  and  he  come  forward,  he  might  hare  obtain- 

breaAh,  is  filled  with  bis  fame.     He  ed  no  small  re^alation.     But  be  pie- 

belouga  to   the  whole   world.      Who  feired  to  remain  unknown,  haling  no 

takes  so  tittle  interest  in  the  progress  desire  to  acquire  celebrity  for  himself. 

of  Art,   in  oni  day,  as  to  be  inatten-  All  his  ambition  and  his  hopes  centered 

tire  to  the  note  of  triumph,  home  on  in  his  son.    Oi^n,  when  ne  had  been 

the  winds  throu^  Germany,  France,  playing,  while  the  boy  listened, absorb- 

and  England  T     But  it  is  not  enough  ed  profoundly,  to  the  melody  he  drew 

for  the  heedful  listener  that  all  is  now  from  the  instrument,  he  wonld  seize 

light  and  enlhnaiasm;  lie  would  look  the  happy  moment  to  impress  the  young 

back  into  years  past,  and  catch  the  dull  listener  with  his  counsels,    "My  son, 

eoha  of  the  murmurinffs  of  enry  and  he  would  say,  "yoa  are    destined  to 

jealousy.    He  would  aamirs  and  bless  realize  the  glorious  ideal  that  ha*  shoos 

the  artist's  firmness  and  constancy,  the  in  rain  before  my  youth.     In  yon  that 

eoergy  of  soul  that  persevered  against  is  to  reach  its  fulfilment,  which  I  hare 

an   discouragements — that  boie  with  myself  but  fkiutly  conceived.     In  yoa 

the  toil  of  study — and  struggled  on-  shall  my  genius  grow  up,  and  bear  fruit ; 

ward,  though  burdened   and  weary,  till  I  shall  renew  my  youth  in  yon,  even 

the  goal  at  last  was  reached,  and  labor  aflei  I  am  laid  in  the  grave. 
crowned    by   success.      To    all    who        Such  prophetic  words  call  to  recol- 

sympathize  with  him,  it  will  be  inter-  lection  the  poor  woman  in  Genoa,  who 

esting  briefly  to  observe  iiis  progress,  held  her  son  upon  her  knees,  and  t^k- 

—  ed  to  him  of  hesrenly  visions.     "Ni- 

FBUfCie  Liszt  was  bom  on    the  colo,"  said  she  to  the  boy,  "  an  angel 

twenty-second  of  October,  1811,  in  came  to  me  last  night,  and  told  roe  thou 

Raiding,  a  village  not  fat  from  Oeden-  shouldst  be  one  of  the  greatest  pei- 

bnrg,  in  Hungary.    The  year  of  his  formers  of  thy  time."    That  boy  waa 


it  eilended  notice  of  the  life  and  genius  of  the  great  pianist,  Ltizr, 
hasreeesdy  been  pnblished  in  Germany,  by  Chkiiteiin,  a  dieiinguished  professor  of 
mn^  in  Hambarg,  As  it  has  been  iutimaled  that  LiazT  is  before  long  to  risit  this 
ConnUT,  a  tranilallon  of  this  sketch  may  not  be  nnaeeeptable  to  tbe  reader.  Besides, 
sll  lorera  of  mnsie  will  he  glad  lo  Team  aomething  of  the  personal  history  a(  one 
whose  compositions  have  so  often  delighted  them.  To  them  I  ofl'er  the  following 
translation.  E.  F>  £•, 


GoogI|c 


P^euniTi.    How  wonderrully^  hia  the  in  his  ntive  deration,  kindled  mitiHes 

prophecy  been  fulfilled — both  in  Paoa-  on  bis  raihai's  deak,  and  watched  the 

irmi  &nd  Liszt!  incense  rise  beBTen<nrd,thebo;  Lisxt 

Before   it   bnrsls    forth   in   its    full  vns  sbsbrbed  in  the  mystical  philoso- 

Splendor,  genius  shows  itself  in  gleams  phy  of  »  Jacob   BdHHi,  and   walked 

Uid  St  intarvalH,  revealed  oflen  by  a  with  his  imaginstion  among  apocalypti- 

look  or  word.     The  obserring  fsther,  cal  TJeions.      He    thought    he  gtaw 

the  tender  motbei,  are  usually  first  to  thereby  stronger  for  his  art,  and  more 

(liscem  it  while  DDrecognized  by  others;  sasceptible  to  the  impression  and  power 

and  to  anticipate,  from  slight  intima-  of  dreams.     He   wandered,  nnceriaia. 

tions,  the  falare  greatness  of  the  child,  in   Religion  as  in  Ait,  often  starting 

With  more  than  a  parent's  joy  did  back  shudderingly  as  he  hovered  orer 

Adah  Lisit  observe  the  first  germ  of  the  infinite  abyss. 

his  boy's  talent.     Ho  placed  the  small         These  boyish  risions — he  was  then 

fingers  on  the  keys;   played  simple  from  ten  to  twelve  yesis  old — were  not 

tunes — which   were  readily  imitated  ;  without   influence   upon  his  genins  in 

he  asw  that  all  would  be  according  to  after  life.    Let  us  trace  in  acme  meaa- 

his    wish !     I^eee    exercises    were  ore,  the  poetry  of  bis  progress,  sttiring 

commenced   when   the   little    Francis  to  throw  the  torch  of  fancy   over  hia 

vaa  six  years  old  ;  at  the  age  of  nine  moments  of  romance.     It  is  a  task  of 

lie  played  fbr  the  first  time  in  public  at  importance,  to  analyze  such  a  mind  '■ 
Oedenburg,  Ries'  Concerto,  in  three       After  the    concert    in  Oedenburg, 

flats ;  and  at  the  conclneion  extempc-  Adam  Lisil  proceeded  with  his  son  to 

Tiled  a  Fanlaisie.     The    boy   impro-  Preshnrg.     His  success  was  the  same, 

Tised  without  difitcnlty  the  most  strik-  or  eren  greater ;  for  by  means  of  the 

ing   Rhythmen,    the   most   surprising  Counts  Amaden   and  Zapary,  the  fii- 

oadences.     The  spectators  were  strook  iher  obtained  for  aix  yeara  a  salary  of 

with  surprise  and  admiration,  and  tears  six  hundred  florins,  to  enable  him  to 

of  joy   oedewed    the   happy    father's  give   the   bay  snitahle  instmction  and 

cheeks.    All  wondered  at  the  genius  of  cultivation.    A  journey  to  Vienna,  and 

the  young  performer ;  his  friends  em-  a  residence  there  for  the  purpose  of 

braced  and  praised  him  ;  Prince  Ester-  study,  were  now  in  bia  power.     Thia  | 

hazy  put  fity  ducats  into  his  httle  hand,  was  soon  accomplished.     Both  father  . 

ud  gave  him  a  warm  recommendation  and   son   went   to   Vienna  ;    and  Cari 

to  sTl  the  noble  patrons  of  muaie   in  Czerny  conducted  the  boy's  teasons  on 

Hongarj.    This  was  the  first  step  in  the  piano.     Nothing  better  could  have 

hia  career ;  hut  one  so  important  that  been  done  to  perfect  him  in  the   Tech-  I 

he  could  no  more  go  back.  nik.    Those  who  know  what  skilful 

The  high  commendations  he  receiv-  pianists  have  come  forth  from  that 
ed,  were  far  from  enoonrazing  idleness  school,  and  that  a  Liszt  was  now  the 
in  the  youne  artist.  On  the  contrarTi  papLi,  if  they  bear  in  mind  the  merits 
they  caused  him  to  look  into  himself,  of  the  teacher  and  those  of  the  scho- 
and  to  contemplate  earnestly  the  steep  lar,  will  know  how  to  estimate  the  re- 
height  he  had  to  climb,  if  be  would  suit. 

Jnstify   dl    these    large   eipectationa.         Hare   were  added   also  his   highet 

The  ^onth  of  Francis,  therefore,  was  stadies  nndet  Salieri ;    his     diligent 

labonouB  and  full  of  trouble.    That  no-  exercise  in  connterpoiot ;  in  the  strict 

Ue  ambition,  which  fills   every  giest  eompoaitiona  of  church  mnsic  ;  of  par- 

bodI,  was  often  a  torment  to  him.    The  tition  and  reading.    Eighteen  monthi 

■tmggles  of  the  spirit  weakened  the  passed  in  such  labors.     Francis  aHea 

body ;  and  sicknesa  interrupted  his  ex-  Iinew  not  if  it  was  night  or  day,  so  ab- 

ertions.    This  stale  of  things  bronght  sorbed  was  he  in  his  slndies.      He 

about  in  him  that  delicate,  nervous  sen-  never  shrank   from  the  most   tediom 

•ibility  which  rentiers  the  artist  sns-  labors,  nor  from  any  taek  requiring  th*  i 

ceptible  to  all  impressions;  so  that  bia  most  iote use  application  :  ever  ani ions 

excitable  fancy  is   wrought   upon    by  to  win  a   smile   of  plesanre   Arom  his 

every  idea  or  object.    Vague  religious  grave  though  gentle  master,  though  he 

feelings,    sometimes    pleasing,    some-  conld  not  satisfy  himself.     It  might  ia- 

times  melancholy,  took  possession  of  deed  be   said   that   he   pursued  music 

him ;  his  soul  was  divided  between  with  a  species  of  obstinacy.    By  way 

■tndy  and  prayer.    As  the  boy  Goxtbb,  of  recreation  andeacouragemeut  amidst-^  , 

Coogle 


18U.]                                         Frmeu  Littt.  433 

KtchexeniDCM,  bis  father  arranged  io  thererore  treatetl  him  with  chilling  neg- 

Vienna  a  concert,  in  which  the  product,  tect,  though  he  himself  had  been  re-   ' 

u  it  were,  of  eighteen  toilsome  [DODtha  ceired  in   a   foreign  land!     While  the 

waa  to  be  exhibited.  Ctmiervatoire  shut  the  door  against  the 

At  this  concert,  all  the  nobility  and  wonderful  boy,  all  the  Raloona  of  Paris 

the  muaical  iltte  of  Vienna,  were  pie-  opened  iheira  to  him  with  enthusiastic 

■enl;    among  them Beethoven,  welcome.     Everywhere  he  was  f£ ted, 

For   that  hour,  Beithoteh  forgot  hia  caressed,  applauded.      All   the   world 

own  sad  lot,  his  own  abiding  sorrow,  was  mad  about  the  fair  blue-eved  lad,  - 

a^d  in  his  earnest,  laconic  manner  gave  on  whose  high  forehead  already  began 

his  encuuragement  and  applause  to  the  to  appear  the  impreas  of  inspiratioit. 

yonlbrul  arlisl.     How  happy  n-ould  the  He  played  in  the  Palais-Royal  befors 

great  man  hare  fell,  with  what  delight,  the    Duke  of  Orleans,    and  became 

would  he  have  pressed  that  young  ar-  the  rage  !    A  dangerout  rock  was  be* 

list  to  his  wildly  throbbing  heart,  could  fore  the  youthful  adventnrer ;  ask  we 

he  have  foreseen   that  Franeis  Liszt  if  be  sailed  safely  past  it,  in  spite  uf 

would  be  the  most  earnest  worshipper  the   storms   of   court-favor,    and    the 

of  his  lofty  genius,  tbe  most  admirable  shoals  of  self  lore !     Scholars,  artists, 

and  judicious  interpreter  of  his  ideas !  wealth,    beauty,   aristocracy,    all    did 

In   truth,  the  deep  veneratioo  Liszt  homage  to  him  ;    no   soir^o  was  coro- 

now  cheriahea  for  Beethoven  and   hia  plete  without   him;    the  gifted,  proud 

works,  is  the  best  and  mast  certain  evi-  boy   was   the   idol   of  the  day.     The 

dencB  of  his  own  spiritual  depth.     The  world  flattered  ;  his  father  adoionished ; 

history  of  all   lime   has  proved  that  a  and  Francis  obeyed  the  warning  parea- 

great  mind  can  only  bo  discerned  and  tal  voice.     He   pursued  the  path   hie 

estimated  at  its  full  value  by  a  kindred  own  energy  had  opened,  with  unwea- 

one.    Liszt's  appreciation  of  Beetho-  ried  zeal.    After  a  year's  residence  in 

Ten  is  an  indication  of  his  own  eupe-  Paris,  he  went  over  to  London,  where 

riority  as  an  artist.     It  may  ttulj  be  ho  was  received  with  the  same  entha~ 

■aid,  this  admiration  and  love  are  with-  siaam,  expressed  according  to  the  mi- 

ont  parallel.    Where  is  to  be  found  one  tional  temperament  of  the  English. 

like  him,  whose  whole  being,  produc-  In  the  year  1834,  both  father  and  son 

tire,   creative,    combiniug — forming. —  returned  to  Paris,  and  the  energies  of 

expansive — has  so  passed  into  that  of  Francis    were   particularly   employed 

his  exemplar,  and  lives  on,  not  in  sla-  upon  an  opera — "  Dan  Sancho,  or  the 

Tish  imitation,  but  with  free  and  kin-  Palace  of  Love,"  which  was  produced 

dred  impulse — working  with  the  same  in  t835intheRoyalAcademyof music, 

will !  with  great  applause,  and  highly  esteem' 

But  to  return  to  Vienna.     We  aee  ed  by  tbe  coonoiBseurs.      Our  Artist 

OUT  youn^  artist  for  the  first  time  in  was  then  fourteen  years  old.    Adolph 

this  old  Imperial  musical  capital ;  we  Nourrit  led  him  upon  the  stage,  at  uie 

hear  repeated  and  stunning  applauses  call  for  hie  appearance,  amid  thunders 

poured  in  his  ears,  and  see  him  return  of  applause.   Rudolph   Kreutzer,  then 

modeat  and   astonished    to   Ihe    quiet  director  of  the   Orchestra,   embraced 

chamber  where  he  pursues  his  stnoias.  him  with  transport. 

For  him  an  important  period  had  come ;  After  Ihese  exertions   and    excite- 

aod  he  looked  abroad  on  the  new  world  menls,a  time  came  again  when  Francis 

that  opened  upon  him,  not  in  hope  of  gavehimselfuploreligiousentbusiasm. 

joining  praise  or  ^old,  hut  amidst  such  In  order  to  divert  his  thoughts  by  new 

incitements  to  strive  after  the  full  de-  objects,  his  father  resolved  upon  short 

Telopment  of  his  genius.     At  last  he  excursions  into  tbe    Departments,  and 

tore   himself    from    the   arms   of   his  even  a  longer  one  to  England  ;  hut  ihe 

kind,  parental  friend,  Salieri ;   closed  lad's  indisposition  gained  the  npper- 

iu  his  loving  heart  a   solemn,  melan-  hand,  and  they  were  obliged  to  take  re- 

choly  farewell   look  from    Beethoreu,  fuge  in  Boulogne  for  the  sea-bathing. 

and  baaiened  to  his  father  at  Paris.  Here  Francis  lost  his  father.     This 

It  was  to  be  expected,  the  Comervt-  mournful  event,  which  caused  tbe  aBee- 

toire  would  receive  one  as  gifted  with  tionate  boy  such  deep  affliction,  natU' 

open  arms ;  would  rejoice   to  number  rally  had  a  depressing  influence  upon 

bim  among   its  pupils.      But   Francis  his   genius.       He   indulged   freely  hia     .^                 . 

Liszt    was    a    stranger;    Chetubini  melancholy  rtsions  and  sad  fancies,  ^^^Qr^n  I  ^ 


4S4                                             Franeit  Idtxt.  [Nor. 

wbich  no?r  preBented  Ihemaekee  miet  hi*  depreutoD,  bnt  csnied  bun  to  the 

the  floleran  aspect  of  religion,  now  ta-  opposite  eztceme  :  and  he  became  for  a 

•nmed   the   colors   of  Tomance.      He  time  tbevelarj  of  sense.     St.  Simonian. 

longed  conlinnally  for  Bome  remote  soli-  sentiments  look  root  and  budded  in  hi* 

tnde,  in  which  without  tntemtptioD  he  ^ireait  i  to  lipen  all — came  the  Roto- 

mieht  nuree  his  fantastic  musings.  kiioQ.     Liszt  was  csined  away  by  the 

Probably  neTei  poet  or   artist  wu  excitementof  thepeople;  by  the  fisiomi 

cdted  upon  thus  to  suffer.     Bat  the  of  Freedom.    He  nae  animated  by  eO' 

Tigor  of  hia  mind  vaa  shown  in   his  thusiastiosdmirationofwhathe beheld; 

gnidnal   self^ecovery  even  after  such  he  felt  an  impnlee  muiico-political,  if 

wanderings;   only   by  ench  discipline  so  it  might  be  called.     He  lodged  to 

could  be  be  restored  to  repose  and  se-  produce   in  Art  all  that  he  saw  of  stir- 

renity.     And  by  anAcqoaintance  with  ring  importance  in  the  world ;  to  fix 

literzture,  and  the  phflosopbicsl  sciences  the  experience  of  those  tumalluous  dsjs 

.of  the  day,  hia  Tiewa  in  art  were  eo-  in  the  eipression  of  music;  to  eoncen- 

'larged,  no  less  than  tboeeoflifeand  the  trate  the  feelings  of  many  hearts,  and 

world.     New  wants,  new  claims,  new  giro  the  people  a  ReTolutionary  Sym- 

inquiries  opened  upon  him.    He  sought  phony,  in  the  same  manner  as  Beetho- 

.  as  it  were  a  back-ground,  against  which  ven  hail  conceiTcd  and  represented  his 

he  could   appoint  the  true  place  and  battle  of  Vlttoria.     Does  some  narrow 

dimensions  of  art.  mind  ask  why  he  did  not  execute  this 

While  his  mind  ihaa  imprOTed,  and  his  grand  thought  >   Those  who  know  what 

.conceptions   enlarged — while   step   by  were  the  circumalancea — what  repose, 

.  Mep  he  advanced — his  spirit  morp  and  and   abstraction  from   exciting  scenes 

more    cleared — purified — exalted — the  without,  were  necessary  for  the  con- 

worst  that  can  happen  to  a  man  eaniesl  ception  and  creation  of  each  a  work, 

'to  fulfil  his  duty  befet  him  also ;    one-  will  wonder  at  the  artist  for  having  im»- 

,mies  rose  up  ;  he  became  the  object  of  ginedit;  willadlnirehimforthelhought, 

•anfy  ;  and  their  hate  began  to  work  its  and  not  condemn  him  because  it  wa« 

farposes  in  secret.     But  of  this  we  will  not  completed.     Had  the  requisite  re« 

e   silent.      The   murmuTa  of  enmity  and  leisure  been  Us,  he  would  fAcn  also, 

have  long  been  hnahed,  and  an  artist,  ondoahtedly,  have   realized   the   loftj 

particularly,   is   born   to   endure  such  ideal  at  wbich  he  aimed  ! 

things.     Let  ua   turn  rather  to  those  After  this,  the  writings  of  Oeorg;s 

other  days  which  exercised  a  singular  Sand,  or  Madame  Dudevant,  took  com- 

iofliience  on  his  excitable  mind.  plete   hold   of   his   fanoy.      Not   less 

When  absorbed  io  his  religious  en-  wholly  did  he  yield  his  soul  to  Papi- 

thnsiasm,  Liszt  composed  only  Masses ;  aiui,   by  whom  he   was  quite   oamod 

being  unable,  in  the  tumult  of  his  fceU  into  enthusiasm.     He   used  to  saj  to 

ings,  to  attain  to  anything  like  self-pus-  Madame  Sand,  as  to  his  other  intimate 

session  or  a  calm  activity.     From  the  friends,  that  he   found   in   Paganioi's 

dominion  of  this  kind  of  madness  he  playing  on  the  violin  somethii^  iadofi- 

was  delivered  by  anolber love.    He  nite,   inexpressible,  which   he  always 

loved  a  lady  of  high  rank — loved  with  soueht  to  attain  on  the  piano, 

the  same  ardor  with  which  his  soul  em-  We   must    take    occasion    here    to 

braced  everything,  and  yielded  himself  speak  of  Liszt's  relations  to  some  mo- 

whotly  to  the  new  passion.     His  love  dern   pianists ;    and   for  this   purpove 

was  UQhap{)y ;  what  suffering  must  it  avail  ourselves  of  the  criticism  of  tlra 

not  have  caused  him!    He  became  mis-  celebrated ^£tia,  in  the  "  Reroe  Mnsi- 

anthropisal.     He  shut  himself  up  for  cale   Beige."      As   an   illustration   of 

weeks   together,    cooGding  his  com-  some  remarks  on  the  subject  of  art  and 

plaints  and  his  pains  only  to  the  keys  of  artists,  he  mentions  Clementi,  the  first 

bis  igstrnmeut.     Those  alon*  who  have  who  introduced  an  elegant  and  btilliaitt 

suffered  the  same,  can  fully  understand  style  on  the  piano,  the  model  of  a  tho- 

his  eonditioa  at  this  time.  roughly  cultiratad   Technii, — of  natn* 

His  personal  history  at  this  period  is  ral  and  spirited  combination  ;  of  ronnct- 

«lmost  as  obscure  and  involved  as  bis  ed  periods.     We  see  that  he  drew  tbo 

genius  itself ;  but  it  is  saidthathecom-  attention  of  his   contemporaries   upon 

tnsed  nothing  except  plana  of  Masses,  himself,  that  he  exhibited  bimaelf  to 

Ere  long,  bowerer,  the  elasticity  of  his  them  as  an  exemplar,  and  preicribad 

temperament  not  only  bore  him  out  of  the  classic  form  of  the  bra^oui  sona- 


gle 


1844.]  F^aneULUit.    '  43  S 

Ik,  IB  Joaeph  H«  jdn  had  iDTentad  that  of,  yet  which  at  ihu  da;  ippeu  to  lu  to 

of  the  hMiiiontDns  irautsl     If  we  view  aimple  and  nalsni. 

him  in  thJB  ipleDdor,  when  his  fkaa       The  iwue  oftheM  combiuatiofn  waa 

qiresd    ererywhen   without    boDoda,  ao   entire    chaage    in    the  fingering, 

and  the  beat  piaoiata  of  hia  lime  were  which  waa  man;  tiuea  asaaited  bj  ihs 

laid  ander  the   neeeaaity  of  inutating  acholara    of   Ciaoier    and    Clement^ 

him,  we  roust  legard  him  aa  the  ioTeot-  Onl;  the  Vienneae  school  adopted  the 

01 1  and    vet  he    only  perfected  the  aheration,  and.  therefoTe  took,  in  this 

ideas  of  others,  and  has  displayed  taste  reaped,  th«  first  plaoe  in  ait.     To  this 

lather  than   geniua.     The  proper  in-  we  owe  the  progrea*  and   the  preaent 

Tenter  waa  Emanuel  Bach,  who  pre-  elefaiian  of  piano  musio.    Heethoreo's 

•ented  Germany  with  sixty  concertos,  works  were  alill  regarded  hy  the  piaa~ 

He  gare  to  the  sonata  a  harmaniooa  aa  tata  aa  too  grare  for  a  large  and  mixed 

weH  aa  a  brilliant  aide,  which  waa  par-  public,  aod  were  given  up  to  profsased 

ticniarly  cultivated  by  Haydn  and  Cle-  eonnoisseura.      They — the    players — 

nenti.     Eraannel  Bach  appeared  with  attainedtheirendmoiereadilybyplBas- 

this  accompliabmeDtbefore  1740;  aixt^  iog  eompoaitiona,  in  the  executim  of  1 

years  later  it  waa  exeieiaed,  not  on-  which    Hummel     gave   them   a   new    ' 

sinated,    by    Duasek,    Cramer,     and  study.    A  cirfiMja  of  the  first  rank  in  I 

Steibelt ;  and  Clemeoti's   manner  ira-  that  day,  he  stood  alao  high  a4  a  com-  '  I 

proved  it  while  he  added  modifleationa  poaer ;  yet  can  he  in  no  way  be  com- 

of  hia  own.  pared  with  Beethoven,  cither  in  bold' 

The  art  of  those  worthy  men  exer-  nsss  or  sriginality  ;  he  was  only  a  nan 

«iaed  itself  in  the  oirde  of  the  softer  of  taate  and  of  aolid  attainment.   Und^ 

feslinga.    Their  only  aim  was  to  pleaee  hia  hands  a  certain  fine  msonei  waa 

the  ear  and  move  the  heart.     They  cultivated,  in  which  he  knew  haw  to 

sought  not  to  paint  the  Tchement  emn-  introduce  brilliant  figures  with  singtilat 

tiona ;  the  forms  of  an  were  to  possess  effect, 
lather  a  sooihingand  restraining  power.        We  find  it  necessary  to  eX{)lain  the 

These  ideas  look  aoolhei  direction,  history  and  prog-ress  of  piano  music  aa 
when  Mozart  gave  to  inatnimental  mu-  earl;  as  1807,  to  enkhle  us  to  deter- 
sic  a  character  of  pasaionaiei  dramatic  mine  the  potition  and  work  of  Liazl. 
expresaion.  The  ultimate  object  of  Fifteen  years  lud  paaaed  since  Ho- 
tfais  new  path  was  not  understood  at  zart's  death,  and  already  we  see  his 
first,  and  it  met  the  disapprobation  of  form  and  method  three  limes  changed, 
those  aecnatomed  to  the  old  way,  who  For  ten  years  Hummel  governed  the 
saw  in  this  mingling  of  changeful  feeU  manner  of  playinr.  In  the  course  of 
inga  more  matter  for  blame  tlmn  praise,  this  time,  C.  M.  Von  Weber  gave  new 
Mozart's  compositions  for  the  piano,  raoTements  of  dramatic  espreasioa.  In 
foil  of  expreaeioB,  energy,  and  hsTmo-  his  piano  miiaie,  he  showed  a  glowing 
Tij,  had  to  stttiggle  long  in  riTslahip  but  wild  and  ill-regutated  genius.  Both 
with  the  light  and  elegant  style  of  Cle-  artista  and  poblisfaers  were  afraid  to 
menti ;  then  oame  to  hia  aid  the  pas-  produce  hia  compositions.  Only  his 
■ionate  fiery  imagination— owning  no  "  Freischutz"  snatched  his  name  from 
rule  but  that  of  ganine — of  Beethoven,  the  oblivion  into  which  it  had  fallen, 
and  the  adherents  of  the  new  school  In  1S17,  arose  a  new  compoter  for 
ioereoaed  from  day  to  day.  This  pow-  the  piano,  of  great  merit,  a  virtuoto, 
•rfhl  imagination,  for  the  first  time,  who  seemed  born  to  give  piano-playing 
shewed  the  untenablenesB  of  stereotype  a  new  direction.  It  was  Moschelee. 
forma  in  the  new  path.  Beethoven,  Bolder  and  more  brilliant,  more  general 
fidl  of  deep  admiration  for  the  glorions  and  energetic  in  paaaages  and  figures 
eteationiof  Mozart,  at  first  followed  in  thu)  Hummel,  be  introduced  new  and 
(he  atepe  of  that  great  master ;  but  he  tasteful  embellishments  ;  hia  variViona 
soon  indnlged  himself  in  freerand  hold-  on  the  "  Alexander  March"  were  ex- 
er Oighta.  He  gave  new  torna  to  the  amples  in  this  kind  for  many  skilful 
aecnatomed  paasagea ;  bestowing  much  pianiata.  Afterwards  he  enlarged  hia 
care  on  the  completeness  of  harmony,  st;le,  and  gave  it  more  scope  and  ele- 
greatl;  increased  the  disatmances,  and  vation;  for  example,  in  hia  "  Fanta-' 
heBitated  not  to  introduce  onions  of  ac-  aies"  upon  Iiiah  aonga.  Not  less.  C~^OOoIp 
eorda  and  transitioua,  till  then  unheard  praise  did  he  win  in  his  graver  compo-         ^-^  ^     C} 


•itiona :  hia  concertos  ahowed  a  deep  «d  hu  esrs.    Il  ouaed  him  aleeplesa 

knovledge  of  harmony,  u  well  u  of  nights.    Let  as  iDU|[ine  the  feelinga  of 

drunatio    reeling.      These    gradualiy  an  artist,  cDoscions  of  his  own  power, 

rose  to  hia  "  Concert  Fsotftstique  "  and  knowing  himself  withoat  a   tiva],  jet 

"  Fsih^tique,"  two  works  as  remsrka-  seeing  another    suddenly  elevated  in 

(blefotEround-work  as  for  expression,  popolar  opinion  to  an  equalitj  witbfaim 

The  "  Stndes,"   be^n  with  Cramer,  — perhaps  seneiailj  judged  to  be  his 

were  enlarged  with  Mokcheles.     He  superior !    Lisit  felt  that  wrong  h*d 

gare  Ihern  a  higher  and  more  refined  been  done  him,  and  hastened  back  to 

lonn,  and  may  therefore  be  regarded  Paris.      Thalhetg      was      no    longer 

as  having  given    in  those  "  Etudes "  there  ;    but   there   was  a   division    of 

the  first  impulse  of  importance.     Mo-  opinion  and  judgment  among  the  F»- 

scheles  was  at  this  height  of  his  fame,  Tuians,  as  ance  there  bad  been  betweoii 

when,  as  has  been  menliaoed,  the  boy  the    Gluckiats   and    Piccinials.      The 

Francis  Lisit  came  to  Paris,  and  was  talk  was  now  of  Liainurs  and  Taxi^ 

teoeived  with  so  much  enthusiasm  in  BEaouKS  ;  strife  ran  high  between  tb« 

aU  circles.    lie  stood,  indeed,  remarlcs  parties ;  and  to  observe  il  and  hear  ifaeir 

Fetis,  beyond  gainsaying,  high  in  his  diapntes     was    the    most    iateresting 

technical   cultivation;  but  he   wanted  amnsetnent  of  the   fashionable  world, 

that,  which,  besides  hia  remarkable  and  Listtdid  not  this  time  go  before  the  pat>< 

iutere8tiDgp«rjar>n«I,cou]d  be  produced  lio,  lo  become  acquainted,  perhaps,  only 

to  the  world  as  an  abiding  and  decisive  with   bia   own  entbuaiastic  partisans  ; 

nark  ;  in  a  word,  bis  wild,  fiery,  ec-  but    indulged  his   speedations  in  aoli- 

centric  genius,    wanted  the   peculiar  tude.     His  clear  spirit  could  discover 

school  which   exhibited    himself    and  the  folly  and  worthleasness  of  popolax 

hiao  aa  a  definite  epoch  in  the  history  idolatry,  aud  scorn  to  win  it  by  ineaiis 

of  art.     Hia  early  compoaitiuns  were  he  felt  to  be  unworthy  bis  genins. 
full  of  difficultiea  ;   from  all  the  figures        Three  years   paased,  in  which   iIm 

•hone  Uie  fire  that  biased  around  the  name  of  Lisil  was  but  seldom,  and  at 

productions    of   the    youthful    artist,  intervals,  beard.    The  lives  of  gifled 

Those  who  asked  for  acboola  and   in-  men  aeem  to  need  such  pauses  to  pre- 

dustry  in  Ibis  awfully  noble,    wildly  pare  for  a  full  development  of  what  i* 

luxuriant,  natural  garden,  were  sure  to  within  them.     The  electric  fluid  must 

be  disappointed.  be  gathered  in  secret,  before  the  light- 

At    this    time    suddenly   appeared  ning  of  genius  can  break  on  the  daa- 

Tbilbibo  in  Paris,  and  produced  such  sled  eyes  of   men,  and    its  thunder 

an  impression  as  no  pianist  had  bsfore  amaze  the  world, 
him.     Not  that  in  playing  be  could       What  he  did  dnring  this  interval, 

have    surpassed,    or    even    equalled  says  F^tis,  few  know,  notwithstMidiitf 

Lisst ;  but  he  had  the  tact  to  seize  up-  the  enthusiasm  he  erery  where  excited. 

on  a  happy  idea,  which  was  at  once  The  charming  "  LiieUi  fantmne"  and 

nnderslo'id.     This  related  to  the  filling  the  wonderful  combination  of  fmti' 

tip  of  the  keys  in  the  space  between  upon  "  Robert  the  Devil" — gi 

the  hands.     (Stt  Smat,  etc.)  incomplete evidenoeof  hia  empio 


{See  Bmut,  tic.)  incompleteevidenoeof  hiaempio;,  _   _  . 

This  innovation  was  not  altogether  Ereo  those  who  heard  him  improvise 

suffered  to  pass  as  such  ;  il  was  as-  at  the  concert  at  tiLege  an  admirable 

aerted   that    Beethoven  bad    already  capriccio  on  a  iheraa,  to  all    ^ipear-       | 

availed  himself  of  these  means  in  hia  ancebarten,givenhimby  theaadieaee;       I 

sonatas  ;  and  blame  was  now  cast  upon  those  who  heard  his  perfonaanee,  pri-        ' 

the  very   exaggeration,  which  gave  a  ma  viwla,  of  the  moat  difficult  passage* 

eertainuniformity,  perhaps  more,  to  the  ui  accumulated  pieces  from  illegiUe 

structure   and   effect   of  his   oompoai-  manuacripta,  which  be  executed  with 

tions.     Thalberg   shall    remain    onal-  so  much  readiness  as  to  ast<Hiish  the        i 

tacked  ;  this  view  is  only  made  promi'  adtbors  themselves,  and  with  infinii* 

nent  in  order  to  obtain   for  Li  ait  the  ease;  those  who  know  how  many  great       | 

proper  point' of  sight,  from   which  to  compositions    are    impressed    on   his       j 

measure  his  reaction,  and  the  gigantic  memory,  ao  that  he  can  exseule  any 

height  he  gained.  one  of  them  at  any  moment ;  all  those       J 

Liszt  had  already  left  Paris,  when  know  him  for  the  most  complete  mnsi-      li 

Thalberg    appeared  these,  but  the  ru-  oiau  of  our  time,and  the  most  gifled  in   Im|([ 

mor  of  his  success  and  triumph  reach-  his  way ;  but  they  have  no  ide&  of  the  O 


1S44.]  Francit  Uttt.  tVI 

thoreu^  change  wliioli  toolc  place  in  s  power  of  iioigiPBtion  ham  here  beea 

hiB   creative   power   daring  tbe  three  dbpl&yed  b;  faim,  tech  u  wonld  not  h% 

yean  ipent  by  him  in  reiiremant.  needed  (at  RDOther  original  work. 

JT^Lia  goea  on,  in  his  philoaophioal  Lisztin  these  haBnotmereljcopiad; 
mantier,  to  explain  how  the  doings  of  he  haa  emnlated  with  ereatire  power ; 
Thalbeig  auggesting'  new  combioa-  and  sa  iuccessfulty  that  there  ia  a  ae- 
liona  10  the  mind  of  out  artist,  alteadj^  oond  birth.  Tbeae  tranapositiona,  grand 
bnaj  with  improTementa,  wiongbt  a  in  the  aymphonies,  tender  in  the  toDgs 
change  in  him,  and  impelled  him  upon  — are  the  culminating  point  of  muaioal 
a  path  thai  was  quite  his  own.  Th6  plaatio  power.  It  ia  impoaaible  to  parti- 
victory  waa  accotnpliahed  ;  and  triom-  culBiizetheezpTeaaionwithmoTeBubtle- 
phaotly  could  the  question  now  be  an-  ty;  to  eipreEa  the  spirit  more  accnrate- 
Bwered — "  la  Liait  also  diatinguiahed  ly  and  fully.  Therein  lies  a  briliianC 
aa  a  compoaer  1"  conception  of  hannoQioDB  completencN, 

LiazI  has  recorded  hia  new  Yiews,  that  lUla  the  bean  and  sout  alike,  when 
and  the  forma  injented  by  hini  in  an  those  tpiritniLl  graeee  cresa  npon  Ihem. 
iniiDeiiH  work,  which  has  not  yet  ap-  In  truth,  one  should  only  hear  that  geae- 
peared,  entitled  ■*  Three  yean  of  wan-  aia  of  pastoral  symphony ;  those  won- 
dering." The  first  part  contains  reeol-  derfuL  pictures,  called  into  life  by  the 
lections  of  Switietland,  the  eecond  powerful  and  magic  loach  of  Lisst. 
recollectiona  of  Italy,  tbe  third  of  Any  other  virtnoBD,  were  he  the  most 
Gennany.  Fetia  eaya,  "  I  waa  in-  aceompliehed  and  excellent  of  pls^ere, 
dulged  by  the  artist  with  a  hearing  of  woatd  have  given  ns,  instead  of  divin* 
■ome  portions  of  it ;  and  mnst  do  him  poetry,  only  massy,  oi  at  beat,  taste- 
the  justice  to  aay,  that  these  displayed  ful  proae  ! 
most  uncommon  attainments  in  art.  — 
Perhaps  it  wilt  be  said,  when  the  work  In  1S37,Lisxt  felt  that  earnest  desire 
appears,  that  the  composer  has  had  the  of  poetical  spirits,  to  visit  the  great 
OTchestra  more  in  view  than  the  piano  world.  The  swan  also  spreads  bei 
— yet  I  know  not  if  this  objection  is  eilver  vrings,  and  sails  southward,  lo- 
not  praise  rather  than  blame.  Uowev-  warda  the  land  of  beauty  and  sons;  of 
er  it  may  be,  I  will  not  forestall  the  art  and  antiquity — lowardsJtaiy  1  That 
judgment  of  competent  entice  byre-  Ispeculiarlytheland  of  song  ;it  is  well' 
cording  my  simple  impressiaos.  I  known  how  the  heart  there  opens  to,  and 
merely  quote  the  '  Etude*  iCestecution  welcomes,  all  that  bears  the  name  of 
tranteendantt,'  which  have  particular-  music.  From  Milan  to  Venice,  from 
ly  led  roe  to  this  long  exposition,"  &c.  Florence  to  Naples,  a  dsEiling  Aame  of 

We  have  found  it  necesaacy  to  fol-  enthuaiaam  surrounded  the   artlal.     Ia 

low  thia  writer  so  far,  becanae  his  re-  all  these  places  Liszt  gave  concerts, 

marks  help  to  develope  the  personal  which  were  attended  by  crowded  audi- 

bistory  of  liiszt,  and  to  place  his  indi-  enees.     He  abode  some  time  in  Rome, 

vidualily  with  regard  to  Art  in  a  strong  to  tbe  delight  of  the  people ;  and  the 

light.     Fitis  is,,  besides,  auch  a  well-  walla  of  the  Engelsbargh  resounded  to 

known  and  universally   respected   an-  the  echo  of  his  renown.     External  na- 

thority  in  the  higher  musical  atudies,  ture  seemed   to  smile   npon   him  :  he 

that  he  will  be  gladly  listened  to  in  his  himself  says,  he  was  wonderfolly  bene 

obaerratioaa  oo  a  genias  ao  remarks-  fited  by  the  pure  air  and  the  eloudleaa 

ble.  sky.     He  had  noc  in  a  long  time  enjoy- 

Those  who  venture  to  deny  Liszt  a  ed  such  health  and  serenity.     And  his 

general  talent  for  composition,  will  find  compositions  have  the  same  purity  sad 

tbey  have   measured  him  by  false  and  clearness  as  the  atmosphere.     There 

inapplicable  reiea.     The  foundation  of  originated  those  grand  and  marvellous 

eompoeition  is  Imagination,  the  living,  transpositione,    of  which    mention    ia 

powerful  creative  faculty.     Letuslake  made  above;   then   were   written  his 

only  those   works   which,  show   most  "  Nuitt  de  Pautilippe."     One  may  ask 

clearly  Lisst's  art,  and  the  subtlety  of  himself,  if  out  of  all   these   does   not 

kiaapirit — theTranepoailiona'cfUcaT-  breathe  a  kind  of  classic  repose — ele- 

■ovin's  symphonies,  and  the  songs  of  vating  the  feelings  and  inspiring  a  calm 

ScHUBiKT.     It  cannot  be  doubted  that  delight,  like  the  purebeauiy  of  amooa- 

■  VebertiBgnngen, 


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488                                             Ftmom  IdKtt.  [Nov. 

light  heafen  in  Uiat  lOTelj  Und  !    Oat  whieh  btoM  out  of  Uieir  mtioD.    Orer 

utitt  coafeHM  that  he,  it  this  period,  the  coontriea  of  G^nniDj  the  fkine  oC 

puacd  beyond  the  time  of  wild  exube-  the  Hungahaa   Li«zt  oune  ID  them,  be- 

TBDce  in  feelios — of  Btoiniy  reBiIeai-  fore  they  hod  urel  an  oj^rtaniiy  of 

neaa,  ol  myBtical  fiatasj ;  and  that  he  adminn^  him.   The  Danube  wai  swaQ* 

owed  the  clearing  up  of  hit  spirit  to  ed  by  nine  iPeith  was  inundated  ;tliou- 

the  country  and   nature   aronnd   him.  tands  weremaorning  the  lowof  fiieiida 

Thus  composed,  he  went  to  Germuiy,  and  relations,  or  of  all   their  propCrtj. 

Cailsmhe,  Manich,  Stuttgart ;  in  ahort,  During   his   absence    in   Milan,  Ijnsl 

all  the  principal  cities  of  southern  Ger-  learned  that  many  of  his  conntrymea 

many  heard   his  magical   performance  were  iufierine  from  want.     His  reao- 

with  astonishment.    All  the  jouruaJa  lution  was  taken.     The  smiling  beavea 

and  papers  held  bat  one  language  re-  of  Italy— iha  dolce  far  nUntt  of  sou- 

specling  him — that  of  enthasiastio  ad-  Ihera  life — could  not  detain  him.     The 

miration.    But  in  the  midst  of  this  ap-  fallowing  morning  he  had  qnitted  Mi- 

preeiation  and  these  honors,  the  long-  Ian,  and  was  on  hia  way  to  Vienna.  Ue 

ing  to  reTisit  home  was  awakened  in  his  performed  for  the  benefit  of  those  wbo 

breast.     One  morning   he  sprang  sud-  had  suffered  hj  the  innndation  of  Peath. 

denly  oDt  of  bed,  and  ordered  his  horse  His   art  was  the  bom  of  plenty,  from 

to  be  got  ready-    What  u>  him  was  the  which  streamed  blessings  for  the  uofor- 

applsQse,  the  homage  of  alrangera !   he  tonale.     Eighteen   months  aflerwards 

longed  to  be  again  where  he  had  been  he  came  to  Pesih — not  as  the  artist  in 

first  aeen  and  heard.  "  For  Hungary !"  search  of  pecuniary  adTantaga — but  maa 

Tfaia  impatience  was  the  pure  desire  of  Magyar.    He  played  for  the  Hungsriab 

a  grateful  heart.  National  Theatre ;  for  tha  Musical  So- 

Liszt  did  not  deceive  himself  How  ciety ;  for  the  poor  of  Festh,  and  the 
b«  was  reeetved,  how  he  was  valued,  poor  in  Oedenborg ;  always  before 
all  Hungary  can  witness.  It  is  impos-  crowded  houses ;  and  [be  proceeds,  fuU 
sible  to  describe  the  juy  with  which  he  100,000  francs,  were  appropriated  to 
was  welcomed  by  old  and  young,  high  .those  purposes  and  those  institutions, 
and  low ;  by  artists  and  critics,  even  to  Who  can  wonder  that  admiration  a4Ml 
the  highest  in  the  land.  He.  was  the  pride  should  rise  to  enthusiasm  in  the 
loved  theme  of  all  tongues.  Mothers  breasts  of  his  grateful  conatrymeD! 
told  their  children  how  the  "  little  The  distinguished  artist — the  uoUe- 
Francis"  had  become  another  Emperor  hearted  man— deserved  it  all !  In  the 
Fiauciain  the  kingdom  of  Art ;  how  be  theatre,  in  the  street — Lisat  wasevecy- 
liad  made  himself  80  gieatand  &mons;  where  greeted  with  acclamations  and 
and  howhe  conld  play  a  whole  book-  Tivats.  He  was  complimenlsd  by  ae- 
fhll  of  strange  and  beautiful  stories  on  lenadea ;  garlands  were  thrown  to  hioi ; 
the  piano.  He  nve  concerts — first  in  inshort,  thepoputalion of  Pesth  neglect- 
Vienna,  then  in  Festh — not  to  promote  ed  nothing  to  manifest  their  respect, 
his  own  interest,  bat  for  the  benefit  of  gratitude,  and  afieclion. 
the  poor,  who  had  met  with  severe  "  But  these  honors,  which  migbl 
loses  by  the  inundation ;  and  for  young  have  been  paid  to  any  other  artist  of 
Utists,  to  enable  them  to  prosecute  high  distinction,  did  not  satisfy  them, 
their  studies.  They  resolved  to  bind  him  for  ever  to 

The  noble  and  generous  philanthropy  the  Hungarian  nation,  from  which  he 

^  this  conduct  made  a  proper  impres-  had  sprung.     He  was  therefore  made 

sion  upon  his  countrymeD.    Twociiies,  anhonoiaryeititenofPeslhandOeden- 

Pesth  and  Uudenburg,  created  him   an  burg,  and  a  deputation  of  persons  of 

honorary  citisen ;  a  patent   of  nobility  consideration    informed     him    that    a 

was  solicited  far  him  by  the  Corailat  of  patent  of  nobility  had  been  asked  tat 

Oedenburg;and  the"Swo[dorHoDor,"  him  from  the  Emperor  and  King.     A 

according  to  Hnngarian  custom,  was  stil^.closer  bond,  however,  was  desired. 

Kseoted  to  him  with  dee  solemnities.  The  token  of  manly  honor  in  Hnngar; 
is  episode  deserves  particularly  to  be  is  the  sword ;  every  Magyar  has  Ito 
Dotioed.  The  following  account  is  right  to  wear  a  sword,  and  availa  hint- 
taken  from  an  authentic  journal :  self  of  ihat  right.  It  was  deiermiited 
"The  national  feeling  of  the  JVn;-  that  their  celebrated  countryman  should 
yori  is  well  known ;  and  proud  are  Ibsy  be  presented  with  the  Hungarian 
of  that  Star  of  the  first  magottade,  swoid  of  honor.     The  noblemen  ap- 


gib 


1844.]                                        Franeit  LUtt.  439 

peand  it  die  theatre  in  the  Tioh  ooe-  of  hetitfelt    enjoymeal,  greeted    hie 

tnme   they  aia&lly  wear   before  the  appearmee.    Thence  he  went  to  Kiel ; 

Emperor,  u)d    pTeeented  Liszt,  amid  where,  inmiediale!;  on  hia  aiTiTal,  and 

thunder*  of  applaote  from  the  whole  aa  it  were  on  the  wing,  he  gite  a  coa- 

aaeemblsd  people,  with  a  coattj  bwot<!  cert,  proceeding  to  embark  for  Co))eD> 

of  Iwnor.     In  receiving  this,  be  was  bagen.     He  plajed  not  leas  ihan  aeTeo 

expected  to  enter  into  a  aolemn  en-  tiroea  before  the  court :  and  here,  aa 

ngemenl  tobind  himtelffoT  ever  to  the  among  the  Pariaians,  commanded  uii- 

Hmgarian  people,  and   to   rttidt  in  booDdcd     admiration.      The    citizeoa 

Huagary."  thronged  to  tbe  concerla,  impelled  by 

'  In  the  autoron  of  1840,  LiazTwent  curioeity,  and  relumed  home  full  of 

from  Paris,  where  he  bad  been  for  e&thasiasm  fur  Ibe  great  performer, 

•ome  time,  to  the  north  of  Germany,  Once  more  he  went  back  to  Hamburg, 

and  particularly  to  Hambn^.    Here  and  theoee  to  the  Rhine.     What  an 

also,  where  the  people  are  colder  and  agreeable  entertainment  was  prepared 

leee   impnlaiTe,  hia  reception  waa  the  for  bim,  under  the  purple   cluatera  of 

■ame     as     it     had     been     elaewbere,  those  vineyarda,  the  reader  may  pre- 

wherever  hia   admirable  performance  aently  judge. 

had  been  beard.  He  saw  even  adver-  After  Liszt,  with  his  wonted  kind- 
eariea  aileoced  and  ashamed  ;  and  neas,  had  offered  to  rive  a  concert  in 
enemies  oonveried  inio  the  wannest  Cologne,  the  proceeds  of  which  wero 
frienda,  who  were  loudeat  in  bis  praise,  to  be  appropriated  to  the  completion  of 
To  abow  Liaxt'e  power  of  memory  the  Calbedial,  the  Rhenish  "Xiedn-fa* 
and  his  intimate  knowledge  of  Ihe  best  /«/,"*  resolved  to  bring  him  with  dae 
pieces  of  masie,  it  is  only  necessary  to  pomp  from  ihe  island  of  Nonnenwertb, 
mention  one  inatance  among  many,  near  Bonn,  where  he  had  been  fpr  some 
One  evening  in  pablic  he  waa  reqneated  days.  This  was  on  the  twenty-aecand 
to  select  and  perform  one  of  Beetho-  of  August,  1S41.  A  steamboat  waa 
Ten's  aonalas.  He  announced  hts  hired  ezpreaaly  for  this  purpose,  and 
willingness  to  play,  and  desired  that  conveyed  a  nnmerons  company  to  Non- 
the  piece  might  be  choaen.  "  Sonata  nenwerth  at  eleven  in  the  morniiw. 
gmui/onfuia," cried  someone.  Liazt  The  " Liedertafel"  then  greeted  £e 
consented;  did  he  go  to  fetch  the  artist, nhostoodonthesbore, by ainging 
work!  No — he  played  it  at  once  from  a  morning  aalute,  accompanied  by  the 
memory !  firing  of  cannon,  and  loud  huzzas.  Tley 
From  Hamburg  Liazt  went  to  Lon-  then  maicbed,  with  wind  inatnimenta 
don.  Enthnsiasm,  applause,  ayrapathy,  in  advance,  to  the  now  empty  chapel  of 
met  him  everywhere ;  be  waa  courted  the  cloister  of  Nonoenwerth  ;  wber« 
by  all.  In  fourteen  days  he  gave  nine  again  they  aang ;  and  thence  to  Ro> 
concerts.  He  spared  no  exertion  to  landaeck,  where  an  elegant  dinner  wae^ 
fhlSl  expectation  and  satisfy  his  friends,  prepared  for  the  company.  All  eyes- 
Here  a  misfortune  overtook  bim;  he  werefixedupon  liazt;  all  hearts  were' 
lost,  through  the  carelessneas  of  an  Inrned  to  him.  He  proposed  a  toaal  la-' 
agent,  the  proceeds  of  three  hundred  honor  of  hie  entertainers ;  and  at  tbe 
ooncerta.  Imagine  the  feelinga  of  the  conclusion  of  his  speech  obaerved  with 
artiat,  exbaneled  both  in  mind  and  body,  justice  that  nowhere  in  the  world  could 
at  the  receipt  of  Ibis  disastrous  news  !  any  dub  be  foond  like  the  "  Liederta- 
Bnt  he  knew  that  his  true  riches  lay  fel"  in  Germany.  When  the  banquet 
in  bis  art ;  and  that  it  waa  hia  beat  waa  over  they  returned  to  Nonueo* 
anpport.  With  a  cheerful  spirit,  not-  werih,  where  a  crowd  of  people  from' 
withstanding  his  reverses,  he  left  the  theaarroundingcountry  wssassembled'v 
British  islands,  to  return  to  the  banks  The  univeraal  wish  to  hear  Liszt  wae 
of  Ibe  Seine.  From  Paris,  where,  he  so  evident  that  be  waa  induced  to  send 
played  for  Ibe  Beethoven  monument,  for  a  piano,  to  be  brought  into  tbe 
and  won  univeraal  applause  by  bis  chapel :  and  to  gratify  the  aaaembly — 
Robert-fantaitia,  he  went  a  second  listening,  and  rapt  with  delight — by  & 
time  to  Hamburg,  to  shine  tbe  brighteat  display  of  his  tranacendanl  powers. 
Btar  in  the  north  German  firmament.  The  desolate  balls  of  the  chapel  once 
The  deepest  admiration,  the  silent  ihiob  more  resounded  with  Ihe  stir  and  voices. 

*  A  musical  dab. 


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440  Fronds  Lisit.  [Not. 

of  life.     Not  eten  the  Duni,  we  will       Liszt     commonly   speabs    qnickhf, 

venture  to  say,   who  in  fonner  times  rapidly,   and  abruptly  ;  he  often  beai- 

used  here  to  send  lip  players  Cb  heaTcn,  tatea  ia  his  speech,  froni  the  want   of 

were  inipreMed  with  a  deeper  sense  of  words.     His  mind  is  so  acliie,  his  per- 

tbe  heavenly,  than  was  this  somewhat  ceptions  so  quick,  that  it  is  difficult  to 

worldly  assembly  by  the  magnificent  find  ready  expression  ;  and  while  thus 

music  of  Liszt,  that  seemed  indeed  to  embarrassed,  his  conntenance  assumes 

disclose  things  beyond  this  earth.     At  a  fixed,  stern  look,  the  brow  contracted 

MTSD  o'clock,  the  "  Liedertafel,"  with  as  if  in  anger.     Bat  when  any  one 

Liszt  at  their  head,  marched  oD   their  helps  him  out  with  a  word,  he  smile*, 

return,  and  went  on  board  the  steam-  and  nodding  his  head,  replies  "  yes — 

boat,  which  was  decorated  with  colored  yea'' — moving  his  head  while  listening, 

flags,  amid  peals  of  cannon.     It  was  and  waiting  far  what  the  other  will  aar. 

nine,  and  quite  dark,  when  they  ap-  In  social  interconrse  he  is  thoroughlj 

pioached  their  landing.     Rockets  were  at  bis  ease,  and  seems  to  foraet  that  he 

wnt  up  from  the  boat,  and  a  continual  is  at   all   distinguished.      He   always 

Btreamof  colored  fireworks  1  BO  that  as  shows  himself  ready  to   comply   with 

the   city  ro*e  before   ihem   from   the  the   most  timidly  espreased  wish  thai 

bosom  of  the  Rhine,  the  boat  seemed  he  should  play   for  a   dance  ;    but   it 

WTeloped  in  a  circle  of  brilliant  flame,  pleases  him  well  when  his  wild,  original 

which  threw  its  reflection  fsr  over  the  Galappe  ckromalique  cannot  be  danced 

waters.     Music  and  huzras  greeted  our  by.     "It  will   not  do;"    be  will  say. 

anist  on  shore ;  all  Cologne  was  as-  "  It  will  not  giro  up  the  place  where  it 

aerobled  to  give  bim  the  splendid  wel-  belongs." 

come,  which  in  other  times  only  mon-        Liszt's  whole   physiognomy  is  of  the 

archs  received.     Slowly  the  procession  Hungarian   character;    his    thick   fair 

of  the  "Liedertafel"  moved  thion^h  tha  brown  hair  falls  in  muses  on  bis  neck, 

multitude  to  the  hotel,  where  a^ain  and  where  it  is  cut  oflT short ;  hisfeaturesare 

again,  shouts  and  cheers  testified  the  all  strongly  marked ;   his  eyea  rather 

joy  of  the  people  at  the  arrival  of  their  long   tban  large,   bright   and   deepset, 

distinguished  gnest.  shadowed  by  dark  eyeorows.     His  look 

With  tha  above  illostralion  of  the  is  penetrating,  and  has  something  in  it 

«nthnsiai>m  with  which   Liszt    is  re-  of  conscious  e.upetiority ;  yet  thoogh 

ceived  among  those  who  know  how  to  it  may  occasion   oneasiness  to  the  oV 

appreeiate  him,  we  end  this  brief  sketch  ject,  it  bas  too  much  mildness  to  inspire 

OT  his  life.  fear.     All  the  portraits  represent  bim 

—  too  strong  and    stout.     Liszt  is  of  k 

IntheperaonalconTersationofLiazT,  slight  and  tbin  figure;  hia  ahooMers 

there  is  nothing  eccentric  or  bizarre,  are  drawn  np  from  constant  playing, 

aa  ia  ofken  found  with  celebrated  ar-  but  bis   hanos   are   delicate   and  well 

tists.     He  is  attentive,  cordial,  takes  proportioned ;    seeing   them,   one    cao 

an  interest  in  general  subjects  of  con-  hardly   understand   bow    he   can   (day 

Tetaalion,  and  is  aShble  to  all.     Only  such  things  as  the  Symphonies  and  the 

V'here  his  dignity  as  an  artist  is  con-  Robert-Fantaisies.     In  this  respect,  be 

«erned,  does  he   show  that   imposing  has   something  that   might   be   called 

manner,  of  earnestness  bordering   on  Paganiniih  ;     unbounded    energy    of 

aeverity  or  gloom,  which  has  been  no-  spirit,  and  indomitable  strength  of  will 

'ticed  as  belonging  to  him.     He  speaks  —developed  in  the  moat  delicate  physi- 

vilh  a  measured  propriety  of  his  own  cal  organization.     In  short,  the  whole 

performances ;  hears  every  opinion  re-  appearance  of    Liszt  betokens,  to  the 

■pecting  it  with  careful  attention  ;  but  mosl  casual  observer,  the  indwelling  of 

will  never  depart  from  what  lands  to  that  high  and  wonderful  genius,  before 

the  development  of  his  own'ideas  in  which  the  world  has  bowed  in  reveren- 

art.     He  yields  as  moch  as  justice  re-  tial    acknowledgment.     His    entrance 

quires    to  the  critics,   but  will  never  into  the  concert-room  generallv  draws 

permit   them   to  mould   him   by  their  from  the  assembly — particularly  from 

jndgment.     "As  I  have  begun,  and  the    ladies — the    exclamation,    "Ahl 

eerried  on  thus  far,  I  will  complete,"  what  an  interesting  man!     Wh&t  u 


said  he  onoe.    The  original  artist  most    ioteresiing  figure  !** 
live  oat  hia  owa  Bjatem. 


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MILL'S  LOGIC* 


It  !•  ft  carinas  fact,  observable  in  the  most  devious  recesses  of  the  iobject, 

history  of  mental  as  well  aa  of  pliysi-  and  to  ahon  that  logic  is  not  only  itself 

ologioal  science,  that  the  agencies  and  a  science,  bat  that  it  ia  the  baaia  and 

operations  the  most  familiar  and  indis-  the  law  of  every  other, 

penaable  to  man,  are   foand   to  haTe  Before    proceeding    to    give    aoms 

been  the  latest  to  arrest  atieotion,  er  aeeoant  of  the  book  in  which  all  this  bai 

engage    inqnirr.    The    stars    had  been  aocompliahed,  we  would  respect- 


been  made  a  study  for  centuries  be-  fully   urge   npon   onr   readers, — eape- 

fqre  he  was  cognizant  of  the  atmos-  cially    conductors    of    colleges    snd 

I^ere  aroand  him,  throngb  the  medium  academies, — the  more  thorough  culti- 

of  which  alone  those  distant  objects  vaiion  of  this  science  of  sciences,  or* 

were  visible,  and  his  own  vitality  for  a  ortium-f     It   would  be  a   reproachful 

moment  sastained.     The  revolutions  of  anomaly,  were  it  nothing  worse,  that 

the  "  heavenly  bodies"  had  been   as-  a   people    claiming  to    govern    their 

certained  or  conjectured  ages  before  public  as  well  as  private  coudact  by 

the  circalation  of  the  blood  was  even  moral  persuasion — owning  bnt  reason 

imagined.    Thinking  is,  to  a  certain  as  (he  sovereign  sanction  of  their  ^ 

degret,  like  pulsation,  an  "  involuntary  litical  inatitutions — should  yet  be  sin- 

funciion  ;"  the  normal  state,  the  vital  gularly  deficient  in  the  higher  develop- 

law  of  the  intellect.     But  what  is  done  menla  and  leaourees  of  this   faculty, 

without  effort,  is  commonly  done  with-  We  are  cnmbrously  rich  in  the  delailB 

oat   reflection.     Had   there   not   been  of  information  ;   mechanically   expert 

diaesse,  would  any  one  have  thought  in  the  processes  of  art.     But  of  the 

of   a  aoienee   of  therapeutics^    So,  great  laws  by  which  those  are  applied 

without  error,  and  the  conseqoent  in-  and   explained  ;   of  the   principles   of 

convenience,  we  sbonid  perhaps  have  method   and   order,    principles    indis* 

been  siill  without  a  science  or  a  sys-  penaable  alike  to  discovery  and  demon- 

Mm  of  Ihe  reasoning  process.  atration,  we  are,  it  must  be  owned,  not 

Logic  had,  indeed,  been  ooltivaied  only  mischievously  ignorant,  but  (what 

at  an  sarly  period  ;  but'tt  was  merely  is  perhaps  more  deplorable)  contenup- 

as  an  instrument  of  disputation,  a  cor-  taonsly  regardless.     Is  thia  ignorance 

lectivB   of   false   reseoning.     In    this  denied  1     Whence,  Ihea,  the  prolixity, 

character,  and  to  this  extent,  it  would  the  confusion,  the  inanity  that  avswed- 

not  be  alow  to  obtrude  itself  upon  the  ly   characterize   onr   public   speaking, 

notice,  the  necessities  of  men.     But  it  forensic  and  parliamentary  1     Thia  is 

is  only  very  recently  that  the  subject  obvioasly,  and  we  may  add,  inevitably 

has  been  fundamentally  examined,  and  the  consequence  of  want  of  deGnitenese 

distinctly  comprehended  in  its  entire  in  the  object,  or  the  arrangement  of 

amplitude      and     importance.      Even  the  means,  or  of  both.     The  speaker 

Whately,  one  of  the  latest  and  most  who  is  prepared  in  both  these  prime 

intelligent  of  its  expounders,  does  not  requisites,  will  always   speak  to  and 

mneh  enlarge  the  ancient  and  instm-  for  the   purpose.     He  will  thus,  too, 

mental    view   of  it,  a   circamstance  speak  fluently  as  well  as  concisely, 

which   we   should    rather    ascribe   to  It  is  not  want  of  words  that  often,  if 

the  plan  or  purpose  of  his  treatise,  evei,  occasions  hesitation  and  embat- 

than  an  inadequate  conception  of  the  lassment :  it  is  a  dearth  or  disorder  of 

science  in  thia  most  scientific  of  arch-  ideas.     The  advantages  of  such  design 

bishopa.    However,  it  remained    for  and    disposition  in    an    argument    or 

Mr.  MJI  to  lay  open  the  deepest  and  oration,  are    well  illustrated    in    the 


'©L.   XV, — ^NO.  LXXTII, 


Google 


443                                              SeiTt  Logic.                                          [Not. 

coropoaition  of  the  uch,  wherein  each  Proof;"  "  The  Science  of  Evidenee."' 

stone  i*  so  sitDttted  u  to  act  not  only  The  object — "  Ad  uiBlvsis  of  the  intel- 

Dpniids    againBt   the   auperincnmbcnt  leclual  proceu  called  Reaeoning  or  lo- 

muB,  but  also  laterally,  by  a  sort  of  fereaca,  and  of  such  other  menial  ope- 

mechftnical  "conduction,"  upon  ever j  rations   as  are   intended   to    facilitate 

other   alone   to   the   exlreoiil;  of  the  Ihia  ;  and  on  the  foundation  of  thia  ana- 

aegment ;   the   whole   thus   combining  Ijais,  to  frame  a  aet  of  canons  or  nile» 

economy  of  materials  with  convenience  for  testing  the  snfiiciencj  of  any  given 

of  structure,  and  beauty  with  strength,  evidence  to  prove  any  given  proposi' 

But  when   a  speaker   cumes  forward,  lion."  Dues  not  this,  in  ^ct,  constitnlo 

trusting    to    his    Providence    or    his  and  cover  the  whole  art  and  pari  of  the 

"points"  (by  the  laller  of  which  you  are  orator  and  the  advocate  ! 

rarely  to   understand   any   division  of  Want  of  space  forbids  our  giving  k 

subject  or  distribution  of  argument),  full  analysis — of  consequence,  also,  onr 

without  fixed  end  or  direction  to  guide  attempting  a  criticism— of  a  book  con- 

him,  it  is  almost  inevitable  that  he  taining  twelve  hundred  octavo  pages, 

will  either  "  break  down,"  as  it  is  fami-  and  profeBaing  to  explain  the  fonnd^- 

liarly  called,   or     ow   on  in   a   turbid  tionsnfall  human  knowledgo,  with  its 

stream  of  noisy  nODsense.     The  orato-  every  possible   method  of  acquisitioB 

lical  amour-propre  is  imperative ;  and  and   verification.     We    must    content 

the  latter  alternative    Generally  pre-  oarselves  with  a  rapid  accoant  of  it» 

vails  from  the  greater  lacilily  of  sus-  ecneral  character  ana  leading  topics — 

taining  sound  than  sense.     Here  there  dwelling  more  particularly  upon  those 

is,  of  course,  no  assignable  limit  to  the  uhich  relate  to  the  principles  of  monl 

"orator,"  ssve  that  which  Heaven  or  and  legal  evidence, 

the  "  house"  raay  in   mercy  have  pro-  In  the  moat  general  point  of  view, 

Tided   in    weakness   of   lungs   or   the  the  book  may  be  regarded  (though  it 

"one-hour  rule,"  and  so  (as  was  said  makes  no  such  protessioii)  as  a  com- 

of  a  notable  and  a  noble  pcotolype),  meniary   on    Bentham's    Rationale  of 

Judicial  Evidence,  and  the  Novum  Or- 

"HespouU,  and  spouts,  and  Bponls  away  g-anon  of  Bacon.     Designed  or  not,  it 

In  one  weak,  washj,  everlasting  flood"  furnishes  a  needed  explanation  of  both 

theso  original,  profound,  bot  somewhat 

of  irrelevancy,  repetition,  and  declama-  obscure  productions.     Mr.  Mill  begins 

tory  cammon'placo.     Our  public  men,  by  dividing  all   knowledge   into  those 

then — lawyers  and  legislators— are  es-  things  irhich  are  iiuccplible  of  Proof, 

pecialty  interested  in  this  subject.  The  and  those  which  are  not  suiccBlitlt  of 

private  citizen,  loo,  has  to  reason  ;  but  Proof.     The  latter  of  these  ciassea — 

It  is  merely  for  himself,  and  he  may  comprising  the  essence  of  mind  and 

reason  soundly  without  being  able  to  matter,  the  nature  of  time,  space,  in£- 

analyze  the  process,  or  vindicate  his  nitude — being  acquired  through  consci- 

conclusions.     To   him   the   faculty   is  ousness,  are  objects  only  of  Belief,  and 

like  a  dark   lanlhorn,   sufficient  if   it  belong  to  Transcendental  Meiaphysic*. 

light  the  bearer.     Whereas  the  class  Thefurmer — comprising  far  the  greater 

alluded  to  are  like  lamps  erected  for  portion  of  our  knowledge — are  known                | 

public  illuminstion — are  manufacturers,  through  Inference  or  Proof,  and  conslt-                  ! 

BO  to  speak,  of  reason  and  arguments  tale  the  province  of  Logic,  whether  as                  I 

for  the  general    consumption.     With  a  science  or  an  art. 

such  as  would  qualify  themselves  for  This  is  a  division,  to  be  sure,  not  so 

these   duties,   the   work   of  Mr.   Mill  new '  as   it    is    important.     It   figures 

should  be  a  hand-book,  which,  combin-  largely  in  the  Kantian  philosophy,  nn- 

ing  the  qualities  of  an  elementary  and  der  the  various  denominaiions  and  as- 

praciical  exposition  of  Logic,  treats  the  pects  of  "  Subjective  "  and  "  Objec- 

aubject,  it  will  be  seen,  with  especial  tive  "     truths  ;      "  Phenomena  "     and 

reference    to    the   purposes  of  Juris-  "  Noumena,"  etc.     The  difliculty  (aod 

pmdenoe.    This  is  the  aspect,  chiefly,  of  course  the  merit)  seems  to  hare  al- 

in  which  we  propose  to  introduce  it  to  ways  been  to  keep  it  steadily  in  view, 

OK  readers.    Indeed,  it  is  the  distinc-  or  at  least  in  practice.    To  the  confh- 

tive  chancteriBtio  of  the  treatise.  The  sion  of  these  two  classes  may  be  atlri- 

snbjeot,  as  described  and  denominated  buied  most  of  the  disputes  (not  merelf               I 

hy  the    author,  it— "The  Theory  of  Terbal)  which  disgrace  the  history o           X 


1844.]                                         MUTtltgie.  443 

tnelapbyaical  and  (heologioal  contro-  functioaB  orWorda,  tbe  DiiuT«orDeS- 

verey.   Alive  lo  the  danfrer,  and  aware  niiion,  ur  Claasificatinn,  of  Aaserlion ; 

of  the  cnnsequencea  of  fulling  Into  this  the  several  kinds  of  jiropoaitiuna,  the 

error,  Mr.  Mill   is   careful   ti>  produce,  number  of  Predicalilea,  which,  after  a 

as  he  ptogreaaea,  this  line   of  aepara-  stringent  TeTiew  oftlie  Ten  Categories 

tioo.     His  book  is,  perhaps,  the  only  cif  Arialotle,  Mr.  Mill  reduces  to  the 

motaphysieaj  trealiae^at  least  within  five   which   follow:   Eiiilence;  Order 

our  leading — nherein  the   objects   of  in  place ;  Order  in  time;   Cautation; 

Intuition  and  those  of  Illalion  are  never  Heiemblance.     The   lubject   of  everj 

confounded.  poaaible  proposition  can  be,  in  the  laat 

Logic  is  then  defined  lo  be,  "The  analjaia,  but  a  fact   or  facts  of  cod- 

science  of  the  opentions  of  (he  under'  scinuenexs;  the  predicate,  but  one  or 

standing,  which  are  aubseivient  to  the  other  of  the  above  categories.     So  that 

estimation  of  evidence — boih  ihe  pro-  every  propoaiiinn  ia  reaolvable  into  an 

cess  ilaelf  of  proceeding  from  known  asseriiun,  that  some  given  subject  does 

truths  to  unknown,  and  all  intellectual  or  does  not  contain  some  attribute  ;  or 

operations  aiiKiliary  thereto."     To  ap-  that  some  allribule  is  or  is  not  conjoined 

pteciale  the   pretensions  of  this  deS-  with  some  other  attribute, 

nition  to  superior  exactness,  it  will  be  The  second   BuoLc   proceeds  lo  iha 

bnt  fair  to  peruse  the  preliminary  dis-  analysis  of  proof  ot  inference  ;  which 

course,  where  (he  author  reviews  his  is   shown  to  be  the  source  of  all  our 

predceessore   and   ably   expounds   the  knowledge,  what  are  called  "self-evi- 

nalure  and  proper  functions  of  deSnj-  dent  truths"  excepted.     Proof  consists 

lion.     For  ourselves,  there   )?,  among  of  a  two-fold  proceaa — inductions,  and 

the  several  definitions  of  Logic  which  the  interpretation  of  inductions  or  syl- 

are    scattered   through    iha    prodigal  logism.     The  one  is  appUcabls  where 

pages  of  Cieero,  one  (not  that  selected  lawa  or  principles  are  to  be  deduced 

for  commeotaiion  by  Mr.  Mill}  which  from  facts  or  phenomena;  the  oiher 

we  must  regard  aa  still  unexcelled  in  where  facta  are  to  be  referred  to  esla- 

Jastaess,  as  it  Is  beyond  question  unri-  hiished  laws ;  the  one  proper  for  ihe 

vailed  in  Its  union  of  terseness,  preci-  philosupher  or  the  legislator  whose  of- 

aion  and  perspicuity:  fice  ia  inquiry — [bo  other,  for  the  priest 

"  Qaa  {Dialectica)  una  eonlinet  cm-  and  (he  judge,  who  are  restricted  (o  in- 

nem  el  jterspiciendi  quid  in  guague  re  terpretaiion.     In  this  connetstion,   the 

tit,  icienliam,  el  judicandi  quale  quid-  author  has  some  valuable  observations 

gue  tit,  et  raltone  ac  via  disptilandi."  on  the  province  and  the  principles  of 

Much  of  this  excellence,  it  must  be  judicature.  His  view  of  the  theory  and 
owned,  is  due  to  the  admirable  Ian-  use  of  the  syllngismissomewhat  peeu- 
'  ■  ■  '  "  '  1-1-  .  g  think,  perfectly  just.  Its 
,  he  conpeiTea  to  consist  in 
}  for  the  detection  and 
race.  But,  observe  bow  exactly  both  exposition  of,  and  (he  securi(y  which  it 
the  modern  branches  of  the  subject  are  may  afford  against  the  commission  of, 
distinguiahed  ;  the  "  9111^"  and  the  bad  argumentation.  Dr.  Whately  con- 
"guale"  designating  Ibe  inductive  pro-  tends  that  (he  syllugism  is  virloally  (A« 
cess;  the  "ratione  ac  via,"  the  syllo-  form  in  which  all  right  reasoning  muff 
giatic.  Yet.  there  are  philosophers  be  performed.  Mr.  Mill  admits  the 
who  nill  have  it  that  (be  "inductive  high  authority  of  the  metaphysical  arch- 
method"  was  not  known,  or,  at  least,  bishop.  Indeed,  he  assents  to  the  pre- 
nol  comprehended,  prior  to  Lord  Bs-  vailing  exaggeration  of  his  merits.  We 
con  I  say,  exaggeration.     The  practical  ser- 

Uuder  the  last  clause  of  Mr.  Mill's  vices  of  Whalely's  treatise  are  perhaps 

definitton,   language   or   "Naming" —  not  overrated,  in  reference  (o  JSnc-ianJ 

being  ihe  principal   instrument  as  well  ani/ Mis  counlry,  where  Logic  had,  as  a 

■a    a  vehicle  of   thought'— ia  careful-  science,  been  comparatively  unknown. 

It    and     oomprehensively  considered,  and,  as  an  art,  been  driven  into  a  sort 

Here,  as  indeed  elaewhpre,  our  author  of  vulgar  disgrace,   by  the  intemporsle 

has  rivalled  the  moat  valuable  part  of  assailanlsof  the  syllogism.     But  to  the 

Locke's  Essay.    Thus  ia  the  first  Book  continent  of  Europe  there  was  nothing 

occupied    with    the    preliminaries    of  new   in  his    book.     Substantially   iho^.-,                 . 

Proof,  not  Proof  itself— the  import  and  same  exposition  of  ibe  nature  and  '''\_fOOQ  I  ' 


4<4                                              JtfilTf  L<^.  [Not. 

jeet  of  the  ATislotelian  eyatem  mav  be  u  well  u  the  chimerical  ideaa  thsT- 

Men  in  the  clear  &nd  conciee  anafyeia  were  once  auppoeed  to  repreaent,  baTS 

of  it  in  Anachartia  Junior,  by  the  claa-  been  already  exploded  by  the  force  and 

aic   Abbe   Barthdlemy.     Be  Ihia  as  it  the  fuljowers  of  the  Baconian  logic. 

nay,  Mr.  Mill  thinks,  in  opposition  to  This  would  be  lo  misapprebcnd  th« 

an  authority  so  respected,  that  the  ayl-  rnerils  of  oui  author's  poaiiion,  which. 

lo^sm  is  not  only  not  the  exclusive,  differs,  as  we  understand  it,  as  mncti 

bnt  that  it  ia  merely  an  oplinnsi  form,  from  the  system  of  Bacon  as  fiom  that 

Id  the  teeth  of  the  venerable  axiom,  of  Aiiatotle;  at  least  aa  both  these  sya- 

A  partievlari  ad  vnivsrtahm  non  va-  teraa  are  practically  ezfaibiled  by  theix 

lide  coneludilur,  he  holds  that  every  respective    partizana.       For,  between 

Talid  coftoluaion,  universal  and  particu-  these  thenriea,  there  is  in  fact  no  «- 

lar,  is  really  drawn  from  particulars,  fenfial  difference,  as  far  as  the  point  in 

It  is,  in  fact,  manifest  that  a  univeraat  question  is  concerned.     The  cogeoejr 

term  is   nothing  more  than  a   verbal  of  ibe  Syllagietic  method  consists  la 

generalization  from  a  necesssriiy  limt'f'  the  assumption  that  tbo  subject  of  the 

ed  number  of  individual  Insiancea — a  eoncluaion  is  contained   in  the  aubject 

mere  aisumption,  that  what  ia  predi-  of  the  Majnr  premise  ;  the  cogency  of 

cated  of  the  few  instances  observed,  ia  the  Inductive  method  lies  in  (he  infer- 

true  of  all  othere  of  the  class.     When,  ence  that  the  fact  or  phenomenon  to  be 

therefoTe,  a  new  fact  is  to  be  referred  accounted  for  falls  under  (1.  e.  is  con- 

lo   its  clasa   (which  is  the  syllogistic  tained  in)  an  ealablished  general  prinei' 

process),  is  it  done  by  virtue  of  the  ^le  or  law — which,  logically  re^rdodt 

mere  verbal  assumptiun  \     Or  rather,  la  but  the  "  universal  term''  of  ibe  •;]- 

because  of  the  lesemhlance,  which  it  is  logism  with  a  new  name.     The  "  law" 

supposed  to  puBaeBs,in  the  esaential  at-  may  have  more  truth  or  certainty  thaa 

tributes  of  the  claas,  to  the  facts,  the  the  "major  premise."     Bnt  we  speak 

particulars,  which  constitute  the  sole  aX  \h^  ground  of  concliuiveneu  ia  let,- 

baaisof  the  inductiooT    For  example:  aonio^.  not  the  truth  or  cerlilnde  of 

premises. 

An  men  are  mortal ;  Mr.   Mill,  if  we  comprehend  him, 

Henry  Clay  is  a  man :  would  place  the  raliocinative  effioaejr 

Therefore,  Henrj  Clay  wiH  die.  in  the    resemblance    or  difference  ot 

other  relation,  as  the   case    may    be. 

Now,   the  force  of  this  conclusion  which  is /e// between  the  subject  of  the 

nianifeatly  does  not  consist   (aa  the  ce-  conclusion  and  one  or  mare  of  a  coUeo- 

lebrated  "  Dictum  de  omni,"  Slc.  would  tion  of  ideas  already  cogniiant  tn,  ta 

have  it)  in  the  fact,  that  Henry  Clay  clasaiiied  in  the  mind.      He  woeld  not 

ia   comprised   in   the   universal    term,  say  that  the  new  fact  "  Is  contained" 

"  All  men."     For  how  can  I  he  assured  in  the  facts,  or  in   the  ''principle"  of 

that  all  men  ui//die!     We  can  know,  such  his  Induction  ;  any  more  than  he 

and,  therefore,  predloaie  with  certainly  would  acppote  it  contained  in  a  "  Uoi- 

but  of  the  past.    In  the  language  of  versal  Idea"  or  "  Term."    Il  is  not 

the  poet —  this  Torceless  fiction,  but  a  feeling,  & 

perception  of  the   relation  alluded  to, 

"Aoageinay  cotne,  font  of  eternity." —  which  lead's  the   mind  intuitively  and 

irreaisiibly  to  conclude  of  the  new  fact 

It  ia  only,  then,  becauae  Henry  Clay  is  or  subject,  what  it  had  observed  to  da- 

■uppnsed  to  posaesB  (he  atlribulei  con-  pend  upon  the  point  of  resemblance  io 

noted   by  (i.  e.   implied  in)  the   term  a  clasa  offacta,  or  even  a  single  fact, 

"  aiAD."  md  common  lo  Henry  (Hay  with  ofita  experience.     So  that   we  do,  it 

thoie  particular  men  who  are  known,  ippears  in  effect,  conclude,  and  nwj 

hy  observation  or   otherwtje,    Co   Aave  conclude  validly,  not  only  from  a  mere 

died,  (hat  we  are  warranted  in  conclud-  plurality  of  pariiculara,  but  eren  from 

ing  that  he  too  wi!i  pay  that  irrepu-  a  single  instance  ! 

diable  debt  of  humanity.  If  authority  be  desired,  the  beat  cati 

It  may   be   thought   that   Mr.    Mill  be  produced.     From  a  passage  in    be 

baa  made  no  discovery  in  denying  lo  Essay  on  Skeptical  Philosophy,  it  mar                    | 

the  universality  or  distribution  of  the  be  inferred   that    Hume   was   of  tbn                    I 

terms,  the  conclusive  efficacy  of  ratio-  opinion.     Speaking  of  the   erroneoae.                 j 

eination.  That  those  terns  thenuelvea,  views  prevalent  wilh  Hspeet  «»*feOOQlC 


ISM.]  JffiJT*  Logic.  445 

nature  of  lime  Rnd  apMe,  be  TemsTki :  ideu  vhich  they  decole  or  inToWe; 

"It   KeiM   10  me    not   imposBible   to  sometimet   but  one  or  two  have  imine- 

•Toid   ihen  absuiditiei  and  oontradio-  diate  reference  in  Ibepurposs';  aorae- 

tioae,  if  it  be  admitled  that  there  is  no  times   none   al   all.     This  ia   what  ia 

aDoh  thing  as  abatr>ct  or  general  ideaa,  famitiarlj  termed    talking    witbuut   a 

properly  speaking  ;  but  that  all  gene~  meaning.     Nulhing  ia   more   common 

ral  ideaa  are,  in  reality,  particular  ones  than  to  repeat,  and  assert  the  truth  of 

atlsohed  to  a  general  leim,  which  re-  propneitionato  which  ihs  mind  givea  no 

calls,  opoo  Dccaaion,  other  partitaJar  aaseni,  of  which  it  was  eren  uncon- 

eneM  that  riiemble  in  certain  circum-  scious.     Hence  it  ia,  that  Eha  zeal  of 

ttancti  tht  idea  vrtitnt  to  Iht  mind."  new  onnTerte  has  been  proverbial  ;  to 

The  third  Book  treats  at  great  length  the  ear  ofthe  novice,  the  precepts  of  thA 
— though  not  incommensunlely  with  religion, or  Ihedogmaso/thB  Kcct.'haTa 
the  importance  of  ita  subject — of  the  lomeihing  more  than  a  mechanical 
nature,  principle,  and  seieral  methods  meaning,  are  not  yet  ramiliarized  into 
of  the  Inductive  process.  In  peneirat-  barren  formulas.  So  prevalent  ia 
ing  here,  as  usual,  to  the  foundation,  this  mental  inattention,  that  all  reason- 
our  author  turn*  up  aoroe  of  the  most  ing  bas  come  to  be  deemed  by  aono 
formidable  questions,  perhaps,  which  [e.  g.  the  Condillac  school)  a  mers 
the  human  intellect  can  encouDteri  ^me,  or  disposition  of  wordB.accDnl- 
mch  aa  [he  Ultimate  Laws  of  Nature,  ing  tea  certain  ayatem  of  combinationa. 
Univeraal  Cauaation,  the  doctrine  of  But  the  human  mind  ia,  in  diflerent 
Chances,  etc. — each  of  which  he  die-  geoeratiuna,  occupied  with  aubjeota, 
caases  and  determines  in  a  apirit  of  anrruunded  by  circumstances,  that  fix 
{^ilotophy,  and  with  a  feeling  of  itlua-  its  attention  on  one  properly  or  aspect 
tration.notnnworthy of IhegrealFoun-  of  a  thing,  rather  ifian  another^  and 
der  himself,  of  the  system  he  is  unfold-  the  knowledge  regiatered  in  tha  Inn- 
ing. But  this  portion  of  the  work,  guage,  not  being  suggested  fay  the  par- 
though  invaluablB  to  every  cultivated  suite  or  reaearchee  of  the  present 
mind,  seema  hiss  immediately  to  con-  generalion,  fades  from  tha  memorr. 
eem  ihe  general  achular  or  (he  logi-  This  neglect  of  the  history  of  wariu, 
cian,  than  the  student  and  inquirer  in  of  the  changes  in  their  meaning*— a 
the  physical  aciences.  We,  therefore,  neglect  that  we  hear  daily  made  a  sub- 
hasten  to  the  aecood  branch  of  the  pro-  iect  of  prepiisieroua  pride  and  praisea 
ceas.  Interpretation ;  which  forms  the  by  your  "  practical  ulen,"  and  march  of 
it  of  the  fonrth  Book.  mind  philiwophers — is  probably  the 
re,  particularly,  the  lawyer  will  cause  or  Ihe  conaervator  of  half  tha 
And  his  "  proper  sludy  " — Nomencia-  error  in  the  world,  and  may  snmetimea 
tare.  Terminology,  Clasaificalion,  the  become  awful  in  ita  moral  consequen- 
problem  of  n  General,  the  requisites  of  ces.  Of  thin  change  and  these  conae* 
a  Perfect  language.  Under  the  last  mtencea,  if  we  remember  rightly,  it  it 
title,  there  are  some  admirable  remarks  Thucydldes  who  recorda  a  remarkabla 
onihe neglecledpropertieaoflanguage;  instance.  During  the  Peloponnesian 
aa  a  conservator  of  the  wisdom  and  ex-  war,  says  the  historian,  the  ideas  and 
perience  of  antiquity — "  a  keeper-alive  principles  nf  the  Greeks  had  undergone 
of  those  thougbls  and  observations  of  a  complete  revulullon.  Words  the 
by-gone  ages,  which  may  be  alien  to  moat  familiar,  changed  their  accepta- 
the  lendeneiea  of  iha  passing  lime."  tion.  The  term  for  sincerity  came  to 
This  is  the  respect  in  which  Coleridge,  signify  simplicity  ;  duplicity  to  impart 
too,  has  called  language  "  a  aacred  talent.  Prudence  and  moderation  got 
deposit — the  property  of  all  ages ;  and  the  names  of  imbecility  and  cowardice; 
which  no  ona  age  hu  a  right  lo  alter."  audacity  and  violence  passed  fur  patti- 
The  rare  appreciation  of  this  property  otic  intrepidity  and  puMic  apirit.  But 
of  language  constitutes,  we  may  re-  a  confuaion  of  language,  adds  the  phj- 
IDBrk,  the  lirat  and  ihs  distinctive  lusciphic  writer,  is  one  of  ihe  noat 
merit  of  ihs  Coleridge  school  of  philo-  frightful  symplnma  of  the  deptavalion 
•ophy.  of  the  people.     To  restrict  the  limits  of 

Let  us  explain  a  little  this  property,  virtue,  is  stiti  to  recognixe  her  auihorU 

According   to   a    well-known    law   of  ty.     But  slrip   her  of  her  name,  yon 

mind,  general  terma,  especially  when  thereby  dethrone  her,  and   leave  tio9 

very  complex,  aeter  call  up  all  the  aecurely  to  oanrp  her  aeat. 


'X 


Googlj: 


Not  odI;  would  the  diitinclions  of 
virtue  and  vies  be  thus  tutally  con- 
fouDdeil»  but  iha  treasures  of  experi- 
'  ence  \fouliI  be  loet  JTrecoveribly,  were 
it  Dot  for  the  formulas  and  the  "  mus- 
ty volumes"  wherein  those  raomlhnd- 
marka  and  intellectual  treasures  are 
preserved.  Here  the  lust  meaning 
niaj  at  any  time  be  traced  historically. 
Like  Lazarus,  it  is  not  dead,  but  only 
sleepeth.  Buti  also,  like  lazarua,  it 
is  to  he  called  from  its  tomb  bj  no  or- 
diD&ry  power.  This  whole  passage  of 
our  author,  is  so  suggestive  of  the  im- 
poTtance  of  classical  studies,*  as  well 
tu  ptegnant  with  instruction  to  the  stu- 
dent of  jorisprudeoce  (a  subject  parti- 
cularly lying  in  the  past,  and  inter- 
woven with  language),  that  we  cannot 
forbear  quoting  in  Tull,  the  following, 
though  rather  long,  paragraph.  It  will 
serve  the  additional  purpose  of  a  sam- 
pla  of  our  author's  manner  and  stjlo  : 

"Thnt  there  is  a  perpetual  oecillstion  in 
■piritual  truths,  and  in  spiritual  doctrine) 
tfaofSignificancyieven  when  not  truths. 
Their  meaning  is  almost  always  in  a 
process  eiifaer  of  being  lost  or  of  being 
leeoveiedt  a  remark  npOD  which  all 
kisiory  i«  a  comment.  Whoever  has  at- 
tended to  the  history  of  the  more  serious 
eonvictioDs  of  mankind — at  the  opinioni 
by  which  the  conduct  of  Iheir  lives  is,  or 
aa  they  conceive,  ought  to  be,  more  es- 
pecially regulated — is  aware  that  while 
recognizing  verbally  the  very  same  doc- 
trines, Ibey  attach  lo  tbem  at  difiereDt 
periods  B  greater  or  a  less  quantity,  and 
even  a  different  kind,  of  meaning.  The 
words  in  their  origins!  acceptation  eon- 
noled,  and  the  proposilioni  expressed,  a 
complication  ofontward  facts  and  inward 
feelings,  lo  diflerent  portions  of  which 
the  general  mind  is  more  particularly 
■lire  in  different  generations  of  mankind. 
To  common  minds,  only  that  portion  of 
the  meaning  is  in  each  generation  sug- 
geated,  of  which  that  geaeralion  pos- 
WMCS  the  counterpart  in  its  owji  habilual 
eiperience.  Bnl  the  words  and  proposi- 
tions lie  ready  to  suggest  to  any  mind 
duly  prepared  Ihe  remainder  of  the  mean- 
ing. Such  individual  minds  nre  almost 
always  to  be  found;  and  the  lost  mean- 
ing revived  by  them,  again  by  d^reec 
trorks  its  way  into  the  general  mind. 

"There  is  scarce  anything  which  can 


Li^,  [Nov. 

materially  retard  the  arrival  of  this  tala- 
tary  reaction,  eicept  the  shallow  coneep. 
lions  and  incautious  proceedings  of  merts 
logiciani.  It  •nmetimes  happens  that 
towards  Ihe  close  of  the  downwonl  pe- 
riod, when  the  words  bave  tost  part  of 
their  significance,  and  have  not  yei  b^ian 
to  recover  it,  persons  arise  whose  leading 
and  favorite  idea  s  the  imporlance  ot 
clear  conception  and  precise  thought,  and 
the  necessity,  therefore,  of  defini  e  la&- 
gusge.  These  persons,  in  eiamining  the 
old  farmulas,  easily  perceive  that  word* 
are  used  in  them  without  a  meaning; 
and  if  they  are  not  the  sort  of  persons 
who  are  cajiable  of  re-discoveriofc  the 
lost  signiti cation,  they  naturally  enough. 
dismiss  (be  formula,  and  define  the  name 
without  any  reference  to  it.  In  so  doiap, 
they  fasten  down  the  name  lo  what  it 
denotes  in  common  use  at  the  time  when 
it  conveys  the  smallest  quantity  of  mean- 
iog;  and  introdace  the  practice  of  em- 
ploying it,  consistenily  and  anifonn- 
ly,  according  to  that  connotatioa.  The 
word  in  this  way  acqairei  an  extent  of 
denotatian  fat  heyond  what  it  had  before  j 
it  beeomes  extended  to  many  things  lo 
which  it  was  previously  in  appearane* 
capriciously  refused.  Ofthe  proposiliona 
in  which  it  was  formerly  nseil,  thoae 
v/hich  were  true  in  viitaeofthe  foi^lten 
pan  of  ils  meaning,  are  now,  by  the 
clearer  light  which  the  definition  diSbses, 
seen  not  to  be  true  according  to  the  defi- 
nition, which,  however,  is  the  recognited 
and  sufficiently  correct  expression  of  all 
that  is  perceived  to  be  in  the  mind  of  any 
one  by  whom  the  term  is  nsed  at  tlu 
present  day.  Tht  mcittt  fanmiet  art 
fOnM^Mtifly  tnaUd  as  jmjniiat,  and 
people  are  no  longer  taught,  as  t>efore, 
though  not  to  understand  them,  yet  to 
believe  that  there  is  truth  in  them.  They 
no  longer  remain  in  men's  minds  sur- 
rounded by  respect,  and  ready  at  any 
lime  to  suggest  their  original  meaning. 
The  tmtbs  which  Ihey  convey  are  not 
only,  under  these  circumstances,  redisco- 
vered far  mnce  slowly,'  hut  when  redis- 
covered, the  prejudice  with  which  novri- 
ties  are  regarded,  it  now,  in  some  degree 
at  least,  against  them,  instead  of  being  on 
their  side." 


gested  in  these  profound  remarks, « 
the  peculiar  merit  which  we  haveahova 
claimed  for  Coleridge  in  Ibis  particular. 


*  One  of  our  most  popular  wrilrrt,  on  a  late  occasion,  declared  that  to  him  ll 
Greek  and  Latin  clsuics  were  like  '■  dried  grape  skina."  If  the  seatimenl  was  \m 
eat,  he  deserves  pity]  if  affected,  contempt.  '' 


^gfe 


1S44.]  Jfitr>  Logic.  447 

OUT  &athor   has   elsewbere*  stilt  more  doctrine  in  qQMtion  ii  fitted  to  Mtitfy," 

fall;  and  lelicitoaBlj  elucidated.     We,  ^e. 

Ihorafore,  mako  no  apology  for  adding  *■. 

to  the  preceding  long  eilract  the  follow-  .    Tho  Bubject  of  the  fifth  Book  is  thn 

ing  pregnant   paBsage.      Mr.   Mill  ia  intereatina  and  important  topic  of  Fal- 

contraaling    Coleridge   and   Bentham,  'ac'^s-     Tiiia  chapter  is  full  of  curious 

whom  lie  thinka  to  be  one  the  reverse,  "'"'  inganious    speculation  respecting, 

hut  also  the  supplement  of  the  other ;  psfticularly.l  he  fallacicB  of  what  haTO 

ud  both  to  be  the  English  philosophers  '"™  "^'ed  apriori  truths,  and  consid- 

of  the  last  century  who  have  ejercisad,  *''*''  'o  Iw  se!f-eTident  aiioms.     The 

and  will  continue  to  exerciBe,  (he  fi'laeies  of  this  class  are  two-fold—  . 
eoncBponding  to  what  may,  for  dis- 
tinction's sake,  be  termed  the  mathe- 
matical and  the  metaphysical  axioms. 

»  By  Bmthsm  men  hsve  been  Ungbt  to  Such  propositions  as  (to  take  a  strong 

•sktheniselTesorsnr  established opinioD,  example)  "that  two  straight  lines  can- 

/«  it  tnt  ?   and   by  Coleridge,  What  it  not  close  a  space,"  are  commonly  held 

As  iBMnrtf  efitt    The  one  took  his  lo     be     self-eTident-   truths;     known 

sUnd  imtiide  the  receiTed  opinion,  and  d  priori,  by  intaition.     Mr,   Mill,  eon- 

■orreyed  it  si  an  entire  stranger  toil;  tends  that,  on  Iho  contrary,  ihey  are, 

tlie  other  looked  at  it  from  uiUm,  and  ,nd  can  only  be,  deductions   from  ex- 

endeivored  10  see  It  with  the  eyes  of  a  ^rieace;  but  that  the  process  of  in- 

beheTer  m  .t,  to  dBCOYsr  by  "hat  appa-  j^-  ^  ^        ,  /  . 

l"'  £''^"-™,^„.:i57,  i:^*^™ '.i™  'hat  either  consciousness  does  not  note 
fay  what  appearances  it  bas  ever  since  ,  .n.  ■' 

^n  render^  coniinusUy  credibls-hss  »'  memory  does  not  retain   it.     This 

«eined  to  a  snccession  of  perBona  to  be  a  «  the  case  with  the  physical  sense  of 

faiihfulinlerprelation  of  their  esperienee.  Tision— which,  by  the  bye,  may  have 

Bentham  judged  an  opinion  true  or  false  communicated   its  material   fallacy  to 

as  it  nccordea  or  not  with  the  result  of  the  Jigu rail ve  term  Intuition.     Cenla- 

his  own  inquiries;   and  did  not  learch  ries  and  sciences  have  been  foand  tie- 

Tftry  cnrionsly  into  what  might  be  meant  cessary  to  discover  that  the  diatribu- 

liy  the  proposition,  wbea  it  obrioDsly  did  tion  of  objects  in  space  is  not  the  result 

not  mean  what  he  thoaghl  true.    With  of  direct  perception,  but  of  a  process 

Coleridge,  on  the  contrary,  the  very  fact  of  forgotten,  or  of  uneonsciouB  (though 

tbat  sny  doctrine  has  been  belieTed  by  actual)  induction.     This  view  is  maio- 

tbougbifo]  men  and  rec^ved  hy  whole  i^i^^i  ^„^  j„  ^^^  opinion,  the  prevail- 

nations  and  generations  of  mank|nd,  was  j      ^„^  ^^n     „f„    §   „■  |^  remarkable 

l^n^f  ,w\T™rJ«  in  ^  fjn.T  f«"'<=»y   of    explication   and    force   of 

one  01   tne   pnenomena  to  be   account-  t      ■        t     -i.-      ,           ^                   ■ 

edfor.    And  as  Benthsm's  short  and  easy  Lo.B'"-     I",  this  cllM  of  axioms,  the 

method  of  referring  all  lo  the  selBBh  inter-  '»"^<:y,  it  is  lobe  observed,  attaches 

esU  of  arislocracies,  or  priests,  or  law-  ^'f'^"  '"  "^  ongm,  than  the  existence 

yers,  or  tome  other  species  of  impostors,  of  the  truth  predicated.     In   the  se- 

cotild  not  satisfy  a  man  who  saw  so  ronch  eond — the  meiaphyBical   claas,   it   re- 

Arther  into  lbs  compleiitiesof  thehoman  specls  the  existence  only. 

intellect  and  reelings,he  considered  the  Thaf'Spaceis  infinite-,"    "Time, 

long  and  extensive   prevalence  of   any  or  more  properly,   doralion,  eternal;" 

opinion  as  a  presomption  that  it  was  not  and  the  like,  are  accounted  necesaary 

altogether  a  faUscy  f  that,  to  its  first  au-  truths.     Why  1  Because  (it  is  answer- 

thor^  at  least,  it  was  the  result  of  a  strug-  ^j  j  [he  negative  of  them  ia  inconceioa- 

gle  to  express  in  words  something  that  j;^,     g^t  is  nature  to  be  restricted  to 

had  a  reality  to  them,  though  perhaps  nM  our  capacity  of  conception  !  a  quality, 

to  many  ofthose  who  have  since  received  „„„.„,  ii,;„k  ;.  ;- .  «>.i  J.,,    i 

the  doctrine    by   mere    tradition.      The  fflowo"".  which  is  in  a  great  measure 

long  doralion  of  a  belief,  he  thought,  is,  Mcidenlal,  and  Yaries  with  Ihe  parlicn- 

at   east,  proof  positive  of  an  adaptation  lar  history  and  hahits  of  each  indiv^- 

in  it  to  some  portion  or  other  of  the  hu-  "s'-     ■*»  »  *e«'  "^  '™'h,  then,  the  prm- 

man  mind ;  and  if,  in  digging  down  lo  the  ciple  must  he  fallacious.     Accordingly, 

root,  we  do  not  find,  as  we  generally  do,  that  many  of  these  supposed  "  neces- 

■ome  troth,  we  shall  find  some  want  or  sar^  truths"  have  repeatedly  nrovpd  to 

nqttlremeat  of  homan  nainre  which  the  be  in  fact,  no  traths  at  all,  Mr.   Mill 

■  See  Wcftmlniter  Beview,  1S36,  of  Coleridge. 


:,  Google 


US  MOTt  Logic.  [H*v. 

goes  on  to  exeinplirj,  fTom  the  lualory  excepiion.  Nor  ncmld  we  Unsh  for  an 
of  Science.  The  impoeeibiliijr  of  ineapacitj  (though  it  should  be  mdoo- 
tbere  being  antipodes  had  once  b«en  lar  in  this  enli^hiened  age,  as  we  btt- 
anch  an  axioia.  Their  exiatenca  has  lieve  il  far  utbenviae),  which  drore 
come,  however,  to  be  an  unqueatiotied  Newion  to  the  hjpoihegis  of  >a 
fact.  So  of  the  axiom  which  led  the  "  sihercal  fluid,"  to  explain  the  actioa 
CarlF&ians  to  reject  the  Newtonian  ot  gravitation,  t.  e.  la  account  for  tb« 
principle  of  gravitation,  and  reaort  to  inconceivable  phenonnena  of  a  bodj 
the  complex  Hyatetn  of  the  "Vortices ;"  acting  upon  another,  at  a  dislaDce, 
they  found  it  impossible  to  coneeioe  milhout  an  inltrvening  material  mt' 
"that  a  bod;  can  act  where  it  u  nnf."  diian.  But  what  would  experieeee. 
Yet  there  ia  not,  observes  our  author,  Mr.  Mill's  own  touch-stone,  teach  in 
an  educated  man  in  Europe,  at  Che  the  premiaca  ^  It  must  be  sdtnitted 
present  day,  who  finds  any  difficult;  in  (and  thia  general  fact,  we  consider  to 
this  exception.  be  the  source  of  the  verj  axiom  in 
Now,  we  entirely  agree  with  Mr.  question),  that  we  are  accoBlumed  from 
Mill,  as  to  the  experimental  origin  of  infancy  to  see  bodies  act  upon  each 
pretended  a  priori  axioms  of  science,  other,  onl^  when  in  apparenl  contset ; 
Aa  a  general  rule,  we  assent  to  his  pro-  whether  in  actual  or  only  Tittnal  con- 
teat  against  maiing  the  conceptivB  tact,  is  a  point  involred  in  the  gsuenl 
powers  of  the  mind  a  neaaure  of  the  queation.  What  evidence  ia  there,  oa 
creative  powers,  or  of  the  created  ob-  the  other  aide,  to  diminiah  or  eoaniar- 
jects  of  nature.  That  ia,  indeed,  the  balance  the  force  of  (hia  unifonn  ex- 
dangerouB  principle  of  modern  ration-  perienoe  t  Notlhatofaense,  certainly. 
alism,  which  haa  been  formalized  by  Sense  takes  cognizance  of  only  tta 
Eant,  in  the  weil-linown  phrase  of  existence  of  material  ohjecis,  indiTidu- 
Forms  of  Ihe  Understanding,  and  waa,  allj.  Action  or  motion  cannot  b« 
we  beliBTe,  first  promulgated  in  one  of  perceiTed,  aa  it  cannot  be  painted ;  it 
the  DeSnitiona  of  Spinoza.  Mr.  MiU'a  involvea  succession,  and  therefore  im- 
poaition,  then  (or  we  shonld  say  hia  plies  in/erenee,  reflection.  The  action 
opposition,  for  he  lays  down  nothing  on  of  bbdiea  upon  other  bodies  is,  in  ail 
this  point],  has  at  least  one  merit ;  it  ca»e»,  an  inference  of  the  intaltect, 
strikes,  though  without  aim,,  the  ab-  though,  when  the  bodies  are  in  contact, 
mrdilies,  and  all  but  impregnable  sys-  the  action  is  illuaively  taken  fur  a  per* 
tem  of  the  Achillea  of  Pantheiam,  in  ceplion  of  sense.  Sense,  then,  can 
the  valoerable  heel.  Bnt,  what  a  phi-  never  be  competent  to  attest  lEic  ma- 
loBopher  would,  perhaps,  regard  as  tual  action  of  bodies.  Ita  evidence  is 
■till  more  important,  it  lends  to  dispel  never  received,  even  by  the  vulgar, 
the  indolent  and  the  euperstitioua  ac-  when  the  bodiea  act  from  a  diatance. 
and  apothegms;  Hence   the   prevalence    of   the    fery 


:  deapota  of  the  mind,  which  have,    axiom  in  queation  ;  and  ii 


S ____ 

perbapa,  more  retarded  the  intellectual  logical,  aa  well  as  philoaophical,  to  con- 

progresa   of  mankind,  and  occasioned  elude,  with  Newton  and  Eulor,  and  wa 

more  hut^an  Buffering  than  all  the  ty-  may  now  add,   with   experience,  that  i 

lanta  whom  history  has  consigned  to  there  is  some  flu  id  muter  which  pervades  j 

the  execration  of  posterity.    But  while,  at  leaat  our  ayatem,  and  which  escapes 

as  we  have  asid,  we  thus  far  coucnr  onr  imperfect,  onr  incompetent  senses, 

with  the  author,  we  muat  be  permitted,  than  to  hold  thai  the  claaa  of  pheoome- 

fiiT  once,  to  question  the  consiatency,  if  na,  which  are  nothing  the  mere  intelli- 

not  the  principle,  of  his  argument,  and  gibte  for  getting  the  denominatioB  of 

to   dispute  one  of    the   examples   by  "attraction"   or    "repnlwon,"   abooU 

which  he  seeks  to  support  it.     First,  form  an  exception  to  the  general  eer- 

the  example :  rent  of  the  observed  analogies  througb- 

Mr.   Mills  affirms  that  no  educated  out  material  nature  1 
person  has  now  any  difficulty  in  con-        Mr.    Mill's    position,    then,    "  That  ' 

ceivins  "  that  a  body  can  act  where  it  ability  or  inability  to  conceive,  is  in  no 

is  net."    Is  Ibis  true  1    For  oareelvea,  case  to  he  received  as  a  criterion  of 

if  we  be  allowed  an  bumble  place  in  axiomatic  troth,"  may  still  be  tenaUe. 

the  cntegory  of  educated  persons,  we  Indeed,  he  has,  as  above  etated, •bows, 

1«  not  hesitate  to  declare  at  the  risk  of  by  several  examples,  that  wbat  bsd 

sxoliLUOD,  tbot  there  is  at  least  one  ones  been  deemed  axtona,  bs*«  stf^  i 


lUV]                                          Mart  Logic.  44» 

Mqaenlly  tnnied  out  to  be  absurdities,  ettd  to  the  second  and  more  importaQt . 

(and  he  might  perhaps  hare  produced  point,  our  objection  to  his  ptiaciple. 

instaoees   also  of  tha   reverse.)     But  Mr.  M.  denies  impossibility  of  con-                  , 

wheiiheiidTances,asRniongst  those  that  ception  to  be  a  test,  or  evea  a  token,  of 

hBTe actually  ondarEone this transfiirm-  metaphysical  truth.     Now,  we  do  not' 

atioD,  the  ancient  auotn, "  That  a  body  dispute,  we  repeat   our  assent  to,  his 

cannot  act  where  it  is  not,"  and  ap-  general   conclusion,  vii.  1.*  "That  all 

peals  for  the  falsity  of  the  propositton  exact   science   is     hypothetical,   i.    e. 

to  the  actual  sentiment  and  universal  founded  upon   definitions — the  degree 

anSrage,  npon  the  matter,  of  every  edu-  of   whose    correspondence   to   nature 

eated  man  of  Europe ;  we  do  not  hesi-  measnres  the  truth  of  the   particular 

tate  to  affirm  that  he  is  nnuaually  un-  science  ;   2.  And  that  axioms  ere  hut 

happy  in  his  proofs.    Clearly  the  felt  inductions  from    experience."       But 

impressionof  the  illiterate — as,  indeed,  what  we  do  dispute — or  we  should, 

OUT  author's  qualification  seems  to  ad-  perhaps,  saj  dread — is'  the  truth  of  & 

mit — remains  the  same,  upon  the  sub-  proposition  that  goes  not  only  to  sap 

jeet,  that  it  bad  been  two  thonaand  years  the  system  of  Spinoia',  but,  also,  to 

30 ;  because  experience,  the  mother  shake  the  structure  of  human  certitude 

the  untutored  mind,  remains,  as  be-  lo  its  foundatian. 

font  shown,  unalterably  in  favor  of  the  Under  the  head,  and  as  an  inslanee, 

axiom.     But  we  can  have  no  objection  of   Meiaphysicul  fallacies,  the  author 

to  the  apecial  jury  of  Mr,  MiU'a  setec-  adduces  the  old  axiom, "  ex  ni/iiio  nihil 

tion;  the  educated  must  be  best  capable  _f!i,"  and  assumes,  as  in  the  ease  just 

of  eiamininf  and  analysing  the  states  discussed,   that  it  ia   now  universally 

and  operations  of  eonscionsness,  espe-  exploded.     He  seems  strangely  uncon- 

cially  of  their  own.     We  deny  then, —  scious  of   what  is  very  distinctly,  as 

and  we  do  so  with  a  deference  which  justly,  signalized  by  the  French  philo- 

110  other  living  opinion,  upon  a  mela-  aophers,  the  difference  between  creeds 

Shysical   snbject,    could    inspire, — we  or  convictions  of /eflin^  (which  include 

sny,  that  all  the  educated  (or  the  un-  those  of  reason),  and  convictions   and 

educated)  men  of  Europe  or  America,  opinions   of   prejudice,   of   authority. 

or  any  one  of  them  (Mt.  M  ,  of  course.  Into  the  latter  catngory  would,  if  we 

excepted),  can,  not  only  "  wilhoot  dif-  mistake  not,  be  found  lo  resolve  itself, 

ficulty,"  but  can  by  possibility,  really  upon  a  slight  analysis,  most  of  the  new 

cOflceive  a  body  as  acting  where  it  does  light  upon  old  questions,  about  which 

not  exist.  modern  times  are  so  noisily  aelf-com- 

"To  arert  any  imputation  of  presump-  placent.     Antiquity  is  commonly  stig- 

tion,  as  well  as  to  present  the  issne  as  matized  as  the  age  of  authority^  while 

precisely  as  possible,  let  UB  be  iudu^ed  this  is  exalted  as  the  age  of  reason. 

in  a  brief  definition  of  our  terms.   This  The  reverse    is,  we  are    convinced, 

will   be   effected  by  stating  what   we  much  nearer  the  truth.     Ours  is  the 

mean  by  "  Conception,"  and  what  by  age  of  universal  dogmatism  as  of  su- 

"  Actiou."  perficial  inquiry.     The  inquirers  of  an- 

By  conception,  we  nnderstand  the  re-  tiquity,  however  defective  ma^  have 

production   in  the   miod,   and   by  the  been  their  methods,  were  conscienlioua 

mind,  of  one  or  more  of  its  perce^'oor.  and  independent.     The  people,  indeed, 

But,  it  was  above  shown  that,  really,  took  the  philosopheia  for  their  guides ; 

there  can  be  no  perception  of  an  action  whereas  now,  the  philosophers  take  the 

(which  is  properly  a  snbject  of  infer-  people.     But  between  the  guidance  of 

eaoe) ;  consequently  no  eooceplioo.  Aristotle  and  Cicero,  on  the  one  hand, 

An  action  is  an  affection,  or  attri-  and  that  of  a  multitude  (even  though  a 

hnte,or  modeofbody.andis,  of  course,  multitude  of  sorereigns)  on  the  other, 

inseparable  from  the  body  wherein  it  in  a  question  of  polities,  morals,  or 

inheres.    To  suppose  the  body  to  act  metaphysics,  we  must  leave  the  reader 

where    the  body  does   not  exist,  is,  to  choose  according  to  his  taste  or  his 

tberefore,  to  give  the  attribQte  an  exist-  judgment.       We  will  only  say  that   it 

enceapattfrom,  andindepeDdeDtof,the  is  calculated  to  inspire  despair  of  the- 

mbstrate;  which  ia  manifestly  absurd!  human  intellect,  to  see  one  of  the  most 

So  mnch  for  the  exception  which  we  powerful  and  independent  minds  of  tbv 

bave  ventured  to  uke  to  this  particu-  day,  thus  yielding  to  this  monstrous 

lu  of  Mr.  Mill's  proof.    We  now  pro-  fallacy  of  the  present  age.                    ^^               r  ] 

TOL.   IV. — MO.   LXXYII.  31                                                                   AjOOQl! 


4M  •   mCtLogie.  [Not. 

Of  the  latter  oh&nctai,  then,  taust  the  UaiTCTM.    Tbia  eiplieation  is,  w« 

be  the  canviction  vbicb  Mr.  Ttlllt  le-  believe,  of  unescepCioniLble  orthodoxr ; 

S reseats    as   geoeral,   respecliog    Ibe  and  those  wbo  feel  bound  bj  it  must  oe 

Llsehoodoflhe  axiom  inqaeBtton.  One  content  with  imagining  the  Crsator  to 

of  the  earliest  tesaons  ta^gbt  the  mo-  have  uaited  in  hit  own  e$ieace  the  ma- 

dem  child  ia.  That  God  has  made  the  terial,  with  the  efficient,  cause.    Bat 

world  oat  of  nothing;  and  this  ia  not  we  can  think  belter  of  the  metaphyaica 

tba  only  instance   (as  Mr.   Mill   well  of  Muses.      The   Hebrew  Tsrb  Bora 

knows)  where  the  coQ»ictions,  as  the  does   not  signify   "  to  create  "  aoroe- 

oreed  of  the  adult  and  the  aged,  have  thing  froin  notliing ;  but  must  be  iea~ 

no  more  rational  basis  than  (he  theoto-  dered  "  formed  "  or  made  [as  indeed  it 

Sof  the  nursery.     But  this  ia  credu-  generally  is),  which  expresses  the  pio- 

y,  not   conception.       To  qs,   at   all  duction  of  new  things  from  thitigt  al- 

avents,  it  ia  clearly  impossible  for  the  ready  exisiing,a,ndpiopeTlj\aanapo3i- 

haman  intellect  to  canceive  Noneniily  limi,  not  "  creation."     It  seema  ckar, 

gentrating  Entity.      If  we   establish  therefore,  that  the  axiom  of  ezniAilont- 

the  impossibility,  we  wi!!  be  allowed,  At/^^tfurhaawilhslood the"marchof 

it  is  hoped,  tn  have  disproved  the  fact,  inlellect,"andremainsasimpregnableBA 

of  this  easy  and  UDiversal  conception,  it  had  been  twenty-three  oenturies  ago. 

Nonentity  (not-being)  is  nolbing  but  in  Che  school  of  Xenophanes.     Such, 

K  Dame,  a  name  for  (he  absence  or  ne-  at  least,  is  out  conviction.     And  foi 

gation  of  ^11    object    or    idea.      But  this  conviction   (to   apply  this   ralbei 

tvithoat   idea  or  object  to  belong  to,  lengthy  digression)  we  nave  no  other 

there  can  be,  or  be  conceived,  no  atiri-  ultimate  ground  than  becauit  we  find 

but« ;  and  produccioo  or  generation  is  it  impossible  to  conceive  the  contrarr. 
an  attribute.  '  Bnt  the  impossibility,  saya  Mr.  HiU, 

Let  us  not  be  met  with  the  irrelevant  is,  possibly,  in  your  narrow  conception, 
objection  that  to  hold  the  afRrmative  of  not  in  nature  or  reality.  Be  it  so.  Mr. 
the  axiom  is  to"  admit>tha  eternity  of  M.  adopts  that  fundamental  axiom  of 
oalter,  and  consequently  deny  the  ex-  the  science  he  has  so  profoundly  treat- 
iateace  of  a  deity.  In  the  first  pkce,  ed,  that  "  Contradictories  cannot  botb 
we  do  not  see,  any  more  than  Plato  did,  be  true — that  ia,  cannot  coeiiat  in  na- 
that  the  eternity  of  matter  would  ne-  twt," — in  a  propositive  form,  that  it  ia 
cessarily  exclude  the  existence" or  eter-  impossible  for  a  thing  to  be  and  not  to 
nity  of  Spirit — the  eteinily  of  the  (wo  be  at  the  same  time.  And,  how  does 
principles  being  to  us  as  conceivable,  he  know  this  impossibility  1  Only,  wo 
or  rather  as  inconceivable,  as  that  of  preaume,  because  be  Cannae  conceiat  a. 
one.  In  the  next,  ne  ate  to  regard  the  thing  to  exist  and  not  to  exist  simultA- 
Iruth,  not  the  consequences  ;  the  ques-  neously.  Bnl  if  it  was  not  allowsUe 
tion  here  ia  not  upon  a  deduction  of  in  our  case,  it  certainly  is  not  in  his, 
leason  from  an  assumed  premiss,  but  to  infer  an  intpossibility  in  nature  and 
upon  a  point  of  fact,  vis.:  Can  we,  or  fact,  from  a  defective  capacity  of  con- 
not,  conceive  the  operation  by  which  ception.  For,  we  couEdently  say,  that 
notbing  could  be  imagined  to  produce  any  man  of  reQection,  who  compwea 
something  ;  or  even,  somBthing  be  pro-  and  considers  both  these  axioms,  will 
dnced  Jrom  nothing  t  "  Do  we  not,  it  not  undertake  to  point  out  a  ahsdow  of 
may  bo  answered,  conceive  omnipotent  dilTerence,  either  in  evidence  or  natore, 
power  able  to  produce  matter  from  (be  between  the  (wo  impossibilities.  Nor 
uon-exislenceofmatterV'Tohastenout  will  we  be  answered  by  the  technical 
of  this  dizzy  region,  we  disregard  (be  jargon.  That  one  ia  aelf-controdictory, 
Hsumption,  concede  the  assertion  of  the  other,  not.  Thia  must  be  still  aa 
this  proposition,  and  only  say  that  the  appeal  to  conception;  and  conception  as 
fact  would  be  still  compatible  with  acriterionof  (ruth,  or,  at  least,  the  olti- 
the  tmth  of  oar  axiom.  When  it  ia  mate  basis  of  certitude,  is  the  very 
a^rmed,  That  God  made  the  world  matter  in  question.  Where  then  ftrs 
cut  of  nothing,  the  meaning  is  not  (as  we  to  find  afooting,  if  Mr.  Mill'spoai- 
the  axiom  and  the  argument  of  Mr.  M.  tion  be  tenable  ^  The  awful  import- 
would  reqnire)  that  nothing  or  nonenti-  ance  of  this  question  most  be  our  apo- 
ty  was  tho  material;  hot  only  that  logy  for  dwelling  lipoo  it,  at  this  dispro- 
whereas  there  had  been  nothing,  the  portionable  length.  To  deny,  with  am 
Creator  badproducedsomething — even  aulbor,  that  an  impossibility  to  eoiH 


,  Google 


ISM.]                                          MUTt  Logic.  ISl 

««ir«  is  a  jaatifi»Ue  ground  of  dis-  modiGcttionaofeileniatcircDmsi&aaea, 
belief,  or  a  reliable  groand  of  knov-  luch  as  the  goTsroment,  climate,  man- 
ledge,  ia  it  aot,  in  faot,  to  strike  the  nets,  religioo,  of  the  particular  eonniiy. 
last  plank,  of  faith  from  beneaih  the  t'rom  IhiaicambiDation  of  general  lawa 
fauman  underBtamling',  and  Mt  it,  ahut-  ia  deduced  the  Kience  of  the  forma' 
leas,  adrift  on  the  ahoreleH  ocean  of  tion  of  chatacter — a  acience  to  tchieh 
the  ipfinile,  or,  properly  apeaking,  the  Mr.  Mill  hag,  beaide  the  tnetbod,  con- 
Uhxmown  1  tribated  the  'Dame  of  Ethology.     The 

A  parting  remark  apon  the  axiom,  correaponding  ort  is  Education. 
That  a  body  eaoiiot  act  where  it  is  nut.  Man,  ihua  known  individually,  must, 
Ib  It  not  Mrange  that  an  opinion  which  further,  be  atndted  racially  ;  which 
had  heen  deemed  aelf-CTident,  at  leaat  study  comprises  the  aetions  and  mo- 
down  Uf  ihs  present  century,  by  all  tires  of  men  in  bodiea,  with  the  Tarions 
Europe^  uid  which  necessitated  such  phenomena  of  public  life.  The  vast 
minds  aa  Newton,  Des  Carles,  Ptolemy,  complexity  of  the  former  subject  is  hers 
to  devisa  severally  the  alieroatireB  of  infinitely  ronliiplied.  What  a  malti- 
"  ethereal  Said,"  "  Toctioea,"  "  cycles  lude  of  sciences  anfold  themselves  to 
and  epicycles  "-"that  an  opinion  thua  the  initialed  eye!  O,  for  the  "en- 
clear  and  cogent  should  be  cotemporary  phrasy"  of  the  angel  or  of  the  "achooU 
with  the  belief  and  the  art  of  Astrology  %  maater,"  to  purge,  tbr  such  a  prospect, 
ifmo  were  the  planets  underatood  to  act  the  viaion  of  theae  quack  legislators 
upon  the  remote  earth  and  its  inhabit-  and  politicians,  who,  while  they  admit 
aals!  WhBtwasmeantbythein;lu«ne(rof  the  necessity  of  serving  an  apprentice- 
tbe  ntarsi  Oristliisoneof  thoseincon-  ship  to  shoe-making,  hold  every 
BCVuenceasooommon  tooorpoornBtnre!  "democrat"   to  be  homan  adept   in 

The  sabject  of  the  sixth,  and  last.  Sociology '. 

Book — the  Logic  of  the  MoralSeiencea  The  neglected  condition  of  the  moral 

— is  of  peculisr  and  priceless  value  to  aciencea,  thouehJhe  moat  useful  of  all, 

the  lawyer  and  the  legislator.    Herein,  was   attributed. by  Bacon  to  the  fact 

the  author  examinea  the  practicability  that,  deemed  te*he  beyond  the  domain 

of  what  had  been  suggested  b^  Locke,  a  of  certitude  or  general  reasoning,  they 

teience  of  morality  and  polilica.     He  were  left  in  the  hands  of  empirica,  who 

Goneludea   for   the    affirmatire.     Not,  looked  but  to  the  preai^nt  emergency, 

however,   a  science   of   mathematical  and  were  content  with  petty  res ulta — . 

ezactDcsa — not  founded  upon  absolute  in   his   own   pregnant   language,  who 

truth  ;    but   only  npon  spproximations  sought  the  fructtfera  tiperimenla,  not 

Kid  tendencies.     But  this  is  sufficient  ibe  iuciferi.     Only  take  the  descrip- 

for   practical  purposes — that  which  is  tion  in  a  MtlJUh  aenee,  and  how  exactly 

onl*  probable  of  human   being*  taken  doea  it  fit  the  aims  of  the  politician  of 

individnally,  being  certain  when  affirm-  our  own  day  and  coantnr ! 

ed  of  the  character  and  collective  eon-  There  haa,  however,  been,  ve  think, 

duet    of    masses,        The    method    of  another  obstacle  to  the  very  creation 

investigation  must  be  the  deductive  or  of  the  Moral  and   Political   sciences. 

Synthetic.     The   analytic   method,  or  These,  like  every  other  science,  pre- 

induotion  from  hiatory  and  experience,  suppose  a  uaifbnnity  of  succession   in 

thoegh  the   one    in  vulgar  vogue,  is,  the  facts  or  the  phenomena  of  their 

in  a  sabject  so  "  merged  in  matter,"  subject-matter — in  other  words,  a  nni- 

entirely  ^laeinba.     In  these  sciences,  versal  causation  in  the   events.     But 

itaproperprovince, — important, though  the  events  which  constitute  the  baaia 

subsidiary, — consists  in  tienfymg_  the  of  the  "social  aciencea"   are   human 

conolasions  diawa  from  general  piin-  actions  ;  which  cannot,  it  ia  pretended, 

ciples.  be   subject  to   thia  law   of   universal 

To  arrive  at  the  great  principles,  we  causation,  if  man  be,  indeed,  a  "  free 

mast  begin  by  atudying  the  hnnianmind  agent." 

pejcbologicslly — not     in    its     nature  Here,  then,  at  the  bottom,  Inrka  that 

(which  the  author  relegates  to  the  meta-  moat    contested,   and,   perhaps,    moat 

physicians),    but    its    phenomena,    or  contestable  question  in  the  whole  field 

st«teaoffeeling'«nd  consciousness, and  of  polemics — "Free  Will  or  Fate." 
the  laws  whereby  they  succeed  each    Mr.   Mill,  accordingly,  takes   np  thia 

other.    These  laws,  in  the  next  place,  ihomy  point  at  the  threshold  of  hi-  "- 
innsi  be  considered  under  the  vacioua    qniry,  and  handle*  it  with  a  ooml 


*■-       ,1 
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tion,  qaite  hia  own,  of  the  wnodeat  e<]Dil  a^ct  entire  eeruinty.     We  have, 

setiee  and  the  subilesi  a^gftcilf.  tioweirer,  been  caTeTul  not   to  Baffec 

According  to  ihe  pojtular  potion —  thUpie-poBeoBBioa tobiaaouretatemeat 

and  erea  to  tbe  theological  dogma,  if  of  the  doclriue  of  the  author.     And. 

we  except  the  Fredeetinariaii  sects —  should  our  icepreeeDlztioD  of  him  be 

leapecting  the  freedom  of  the  Will,  no  found  unjual  or   inadequate,  let   it  be 

science  can  possibly  be  founded  upon  lemembered  that  it  is  an  attempt  to 

human   actions,   because   there    is  no  compress  into  a  few  lines,  a  loog  and 

ntctsiarff  succession,  no  mutual  depen-  elaborate  Chapter  on  the  Human  Will. 

dence  amongst  them — no  connecting  The  booliconcludeswith  asearching 

controlling    law.     The  yet  succinct  review  of  the  several  ays- 

doctrine,  on  the  other  tems  of  political  philosophy, fromFlato- 


Kinciple,    no    controlling    law.     The    yet  succinct  review  of  the  several  b; 
eceesitarian   doctrine,  on   the   other    tems  of  political  philosophy,  from  Fl: 
hand,  l^  asserting  such  a  succession,    to  Bentham  inclusive.  These,  with  tbs 


is  supposed  to  exclude  all  morality,  all  other  great  men  alluded  to  in  thie  work 
leBponsibility,  from  human  conduct,  (and  there  are  few  of  note  in  the  history 
14'ow,  mark  how  Mr.  Mill  steers  he-  of  science  that  he  has  not  had  occaaian 
tween  this  Scylla  and  Charybdis  of  to  comment  aadcorreci),areireatedbj  • 
metaphysical  navigators.  The  whole  Mr.  Mill  with  a  respectful,  bnt  no  ala- 
difficolty  lies,  he  thinks,  in  a  verbal  vish  band.  ludeed,  if  there  be  any 
&llacy — in  the  term  "necessity."  one  excellence  which  particularly  di»- 
,  That  every  eSect  has  a  cause,  every  tioguishes  tbjs  critical  work,  it  is  tba 
(voluntary)  action,  a  motive,  both  the  philoeophical  dignity,  the  spirit  of  liber- 
parties  will  agree.  That  every  motive  al  candor  that  uniformly  pervades  it. 
ia,  in  turn,  the  effect  of  some  cause.  The  cajumniated  schoolmen  are  credit- 
mnat,  as  a  consequence,  he  also  ad-  ed  for  a  logical  terminology  unrivalled 
nutted.  That  the  Will  is  free  to  ckoote  to  this  day.  The  extravagant  admiis- 
tht  motive  it  will  act  upon  (though  not  tion,  and  the  blind  obsequiousness  of  the 
to  act  wthmil  a  motive),  neither  logic  followers  of  Bacon  and  Locke,  are  re- 
nor  consciousness  will  allow  to  be  de-  buked  and  exposed. The 'common  senae' 
nled.  How,  then,  stands  the  question  t  principle  of  the  Scotch  nhilosophen 
Ae  it  regards  the  motive,  the  Will,  or,  is  shown  to  he  frequently  bnt  common, 
more  accurately,  the  volition  is  free  ;  noosense.  In  Rrq,  the  balance  of  eriti- 
the  consequent  aciion  is  necessary —  cal  jusliceisheldhetween  theextremes 
bnt  KECiBBAHv  B8  importing,  simply,  into  which  all  sects  and  systems  are  so 
ii/ac(  o/jucceMion,acerlaintyof  con-  prone  to  fall,  with  a  hand  that  seems 
junction,  not  as  implying  the  compul-  superior  to  the  ioGrmiiies  of  hamao 
aioD  of  an  extraneous  agency.  But  it  is  passion  and  reason  i  while,  throughout 
the  motive,  not  the  act,  that  consti-  the  exercise  of  his  magisterial  office, 
tules  the  morality  of  conduct.  Thus,  the  critic  never  once  betrays  a  thought 
then,  the  Will,  or  volition,  may  be  of  self,  a  tincture  of  puerile  exultation. 
morally  "free,"  while,  as  constituent  or  of  pedantic  arrogance, 
links  in  the  chain  of  uniform  succes-  The  s^le  is  suitably  plain  and  nn~ 
aion,  the  actions  and  tbe  motives  (which  pretending,  a  model,  in  our  judgment, 
mie  actions  regarded  relatively)  are  of  the  iihilosophical ;  in  thought  as  in 
phUotophieaUy  necessary.  method  clear  as  crystal ;  in  diotiMi, 
Such  is,  as  we  understand  him,  the  perhaps,  sometimes,  unnecessarily  pro- 
*■  end"  vthieh  Mr.  Mill  has  found  in  lix,  because  more  solicitous  of  perapl- 
tbe  "  wandering  mazes ;"  snch  his  ea-  colty  than  elegance ;  yet,  in  expree- 
say  to  moor  the  "  moral  sciences  "by  aion,  precise  (if  pos&ible)  as  the  sym- 
the  hanser  of  universal  causation.  bolic^I  language  of  Algebra. 
Whaleverbothemerilsof  thisdispuied  Ouf  author  is,  we  believe,  a  son  of 
doctrine,  we  do  not,  for  our  own  part,  the  historian  of  British  India,  the  moct 
hesitate  to  declare  our  concurrence,  illustrious  of  the  friends  and  followerg 
Liberty,  as  far  as  man  and  morality  are  of  Bentham.  Or  ifnot  descended  "ae- 
eoncerned,  is  not  an  absolute  but  an  cording  to  the  flesh,"  he  certainly  ia 
optional  power,  a  faculty  of  choosing  according  to  the  spirit,  from  the  author 


•  Hate  this  wu  written,  a  fnettd,  who  hu  known  Hr.  Uill  in  Londoo,  verifie*  i 

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fii 


1844.)  Miir$Logie.  4&S 

science,  ooly  Iij  a.  series  of  remitkable  merits.  The  writer's  judnneot  is  not 
ipen  ID  the  Westmiiiiter  Review,  biased  hj  the  relation  of  hi*  fatbai  to 
Ir.  Mill  bad  excited  the  highest  ei-  EeDtham  and  his  b; stem,  of  both  oC 
pectatioD  for  the  present  andeitaking.  which  he  preseots,  perhaps,  the  justest 
The  papers  alluded  to  announced,  in-  estimate  that  has  eTer  been  raade. 
daed,  one  of  the  first  thinkers  of  the  The  "  NecntiTe  Philosophy  of  the 
-Jay,  and  perhaps  the  profoondest  iiTing  Nineleenlh  CeEtQi-y,"Bnd  "De  Tocqno- 
political  philosopher  of  England.  By  Tille's  Democracy  in  America,"  consti* 
the  by,  wby  sre  not  these  nobie  essaya  tole  the  texts  of  oiheis  ;  for  a  book  or 
collected  and  published  in  this  conn-  a  philosophy  is  but  a  text  to  this  irigan- 
try  1  We  could  almost  excuse  the  lie  ioielleet.  There  is,  we  should 
thed  in  consideralioB  of  the  credit  hope,  sense  and  science  enough 
which  would  redound  to  Ihe  author,  amongst  ns  to  remunerate  ibe  under- 
and  of  the  thongblful  impnise  which  taking  suggested.  However,  it  will  ba 
they  could  aot  fail  to  impart  to  erery  observed,  fiom  his  selection  of  the 
.leader  amongst  us,  who  is  not  utterly  topics  ennmerated  (and  the  rest  are  of 
incapable  of  reflection.  Even  Macau-  a  similar  kind),  that  the  fsTOrite  suh- 
ley's,  the  best,  perhaps,  of  the  CoUec-  jecis  of  oot  author  are  metaphysics  and 
tions  of  this  description,  are  far  infe-  jnrispradenee — n oi the  wrangling  meta^ 
rior,  in  eTerything,  except  the  glitter  physics  of  the  schools,  whether  an- 
of  style.  The  disquisitions  of  Mill  are  cient,  middle,  or  modern  ;  not  the  ja- 
comprehensiTe  expositionsof  theiisev-  risprudence  that  would  consecrate  eve- 
■eral  subjects.  He  does  not  content  ry  absurdity  of  the  past,  and,  under  iba 
himself  with  exhibiting  the  featnrea  lying  title  of  Commenlariet,  accredit 
and  defining  the  boandaries  of  the  par-  and  perpetuate  the  crude  compilation. 
4iculai  region  to  be  made  known  ;  bnt.  To  this  lofty  predilection  Mr.  Mill 
unrolling  to  yon  a  mat)  of  the  whole  has  given  full  scope  in  the  noble  pro- 
field  of  human  knowledge,  he  enables  duetion,  of  which  we  here  close  the 
G a  to  fix  its  relative  position  and  consideration — a  prodootion,  we  pre- 
aiings,  to  determine  its  latitude  and  diet,  which  will  distinguish  the  age  ; 
longitude,  on  the  globe  of  science,  which  no  scholar  should  be  without. 
There  is  an  article  on  political  ecooo-  who  would  comprehend  the  principles 
my,  which  is  worth  to  the  inquiring  of  his  kgowledge  and  the  methods  both 
student,  any  treatise  on  that  science  of  extending  snd  applying  it,  hot  which, 
that  has  been  ever  written.  Others,  above  all,  should  be  the  manual  of  eve- 
on  Bentham  and  on  Coleridge,  brsoch-  ry  lawyer  who  is  not  infamously  con- 
ing off  into  their  respective  pbiloso-  tent  with  being  a  mete  "eaiU«r  for- 
phies,   have   the   sanie    characteristic  muforum." 


4KU  conjecture.  This  grave  philosopher,  ourinronnsnltellsus,isbnt  a  youth  of  about 
thirty,  and  looks  still  young«r — is  said  to  wear  (be  most  magnificent  bead  in  Englsnd 
— magnificent,  not  as  the  word  is  inlerpreled  iu  the  diciionarr  of  the  ladies,  where  it 
means, "  a  mass  of  hair  round  a  modicum  of  braio."  This  might,  indeed,  have  been 
.  expected,  if  there  be  any  truth  iu  cianiology. 


Tbi  author,  not  having  seen  a  proof  of  the  foregoing  article,  asks  indulgence 
'lo  the  typographical  errors,  a  few  of  which  are  subjomed ; 

Page  441,  column  Sd,  line  38,  for  "  of,"  read  in ;  expunging  "  the." 

"  446,  "  1,  "  25,  for "  feeling,"  ttaAfaUntii. 

"       "  "  2,  "       S,  between  "  two"  and  "  have,"  insert  irAwA. 

"  417,  "  S,  "  15,  for  "  close,"  read  enehte. 

"  448,  "  I,  "  15,  for "  exception,"  read  eeneeption. 

"       "  "  1,  "  33,  for "  absurdities,"  read  oftnoxioui.                       j—^                r 

"      "  "  2,  "  8,for  "phenomena,"  read  ;A«fWfflenon>,iitizod  syVjOOQiC 


IM  A.  Stok  ef  Aulographt.  [Km, 

A  BOOK  OF  AUTOGRAPHS. 

BT   KATBiniEL    HIWTHORHX. 

Vft  hkTB  before  n*  a  Tolume  of  anlo-    aoribbled  on  half  &  sheet  of  fMeeapT 


dreaeed  U>  a  good  lod  brave  man,  Gene-  troald  fsio  know  nhU  were  their  nw- 
ni  Palmer,  who  himself  drew  hie  toei  imprcMiooa,  when  all  ihoeeTenets- 
aword  in  the  caoee.  Tbey  ere  proGta-  ble  facea,  that  have  since  been  tnced 
Ue  reading  in  a  quiet  alVernooo,  and  in  on  eteel  or  chiselled  out  of  marble,  knd 
a  mood  withdrawn  from  too  intimate  thus  made  familiar  to  poaterity,  first 
relation  with  ihs  present  time  ;  so  that  met  one  another's  giie  1  Did  one  te^- 
WB  can  glide  backward  some  three-  rit  barmoniza  them,  in  apite  of  the  dw- 
qnarlere  of  a  century,  and  anrround  similitude  of  manDers  between  tJw 
oarBelvea  with  the  omiooue  eubliroitir  of  North  and  the  Soath,  which  were  ixnr 
eircumalance  that  then  frowned  upon  for  the  first  time  broujibt  into  politioal 
the  writers.  "To  ^ire  them  tbeir  fall  lelations!  Could  the  Virginian  deseeo- 
effeet,  we  ehould  imagine  that  thsae  dant  of  the  Cavalier*,  uid  the  New- 
letters  have  ibis  moment  been  brooght  Englander  with  bis  hereditarj  Pori- 
to  town  by  the  aplaehed  and  waj-worn  tanism  —  the     ariatocratio     Southern 

Soet-rider,  or  peihapa  by  an  orderly  danler,  aod  the  self-made  man  from 
cagooD,  nho  haa  ridden  in  a  perilous  Maaeacbnseita  or  Connecticut — atanee 
harry  to  deliver  his  despatches.  They  feel  that  they  were  coantrymen  attd 
are  magic  scrolls,  if  read  in  the  rigbt  brothers  1  What  did  John  Adams 
spirit.  The  roll  of  the  drum  and  the  thinkof  Jefferson^ — andSannielAdanis  I 
fanfare  of  the  trampet  is  latent  in  aorae  of  Patrick  Henry  1  Did  not  North  and 
of  them ;  and  in  otheca,  an  echo  of  the  Sonth  combine  in  their  deferenoe  for 
oratory  that  resounded  in  the  old  balls  the  sage  Franklin — ao  longtbe  defend- 
«f  the  Continental  Congreee,  al  Phila-  er  of  the  Colonies  in  Eogttnd,  sad 
delphia  ;  or  the  words  may  come  to  ue  whose  scientific  renown  was  already 
as  with  the  living  utterance  of  one  of  world-wide'  And  was  there  yet  any  | 
those  illustriona  men,  speaking  face  lo  whispered  prophecy,  any  vagae  con- 
face,  in  friendly  communion.  Strange,  Jectnre,  circulating  amonf;  the  dele- 
Ihat  the  mere  identity  of  paper  and  ink  gates,  as  to  the  destiny  which  might  be 
should  be  so  powetfol.  The  same  !□  reserve  for  one  stately  man,  who  ast, 
thooghta  mi^ht  look  cold  and  ineflee-  for  the  most  part  silent,  among  them! 
tnal,  in  a  printed  book.  Human  natnre  — what  station  he  was  to  assume  in  tb« 
craves  a  certain  materialism,  and  clinga  world's  history  1— and  bow  many  sta- 
pertinaciously  to  what  is  tangible,  as  if  tues  would  repeat  his  form  and  cnunte- 
that  were  of  more  importance  than  ibe  naoee,  and  sDccesaively  crnmble  be- 
■pirit  accident^lr  involved  in  it.  And,  neath  his  immortality  !  < 
in  troth,  the  original  manQScript  has  The  letter  before  as  does  not  answer  I 
always  something  which  print  itself  these  inquiries.  Its  main  feature  is  the 
mnstinevitablylose.  Anerasure,evena  strong  expression  of  the  uncettaiatj 
Uot,  a  casual  irregularity  of  hand,  and  and  awe  that  pervaded  even  the  firm  ! 
•U  such  little  imperfections  of  mecha-  hearts  of  the  Old  Congress,  while  wa- 
nieal  esecntion,  bring  us  close  to  the  ticipating  the  struggle  which  was  to 
-writer,  and  perhaps  convey  some  of  ensue : — 

those  subtle  mtimations  for  which  Ian-       „  ^^  ^^^^^^^t  rf  i,o.tilitJe.,»-it 

guue  haa  no  shape.  „«,  "i.  eiceedingly  dreaded  here.    It 

There  are  several  letters  from  John  i.iii„ht  that  aoaiticknpon  the  treep^ 

Adama,  written  in  a  small,  baalv,  un-  e„„  ^^„a\d  it  prove  sutceaaftil,  would 

graceful  hand,  but  earnest,  and  with  eertainly  involve  the  whole  cODUeent  in  a 

no  nnnecesaarr  floDiish.     The  earliest  ^ir.    It   is  generally  tbonght  that  the 

is   dated    at   Philadelphia,    Sept.    36,  Ministry  would  rejoice  at  a  rupture  ta 

1774,  about  twenty  days  alter  tne  first  B«Jston,  because  it  would  fnntish  an  ex- 

opening  of  the  Continental  Congreaa.  euse  to  the  people  at  Aonw;" — Tikis  was         ^^  Ip 

We  look  at  this  old  yellow  doettmenl,  the  last  time,  we  suspect,  that  j^n  Ad-       ^ '  '^ 


1M4.  A  BMt  of  AulegrajAt.  4K 

ami  tpok«  of  England  thnaaffeclionatelT]        Aftar  the  Brhirii  ha<l  been   dmcD 

—■'and   aaits    tbem  io   an  opiDioB  of  out  of  Boston,  AdamacriM  out, — "Fo^ 

the  DccetiitT  of  palling  boalilitiei  againal  tify,  fgrri^? ;  and  never  let  ihem  get  n 

M."  again !"    11  is  agreeable  enongli  to  p«it- 

ceiTo  the  filial  affectioD  with  which 
Hia  nest  letter  bean  on  the  niper-  John  Adama,  and  the  other  delegates 
•oription—' Favored  by  Geoeial  Waah-  ftom  the  North,  regard  Naw  Engknd, 
ingtoD.'  The  date  is  June  20,  1775,  ^d  eapecially  the  good  old  capital  of 
ihrtMs  daya  after  the  battle  of  Bunker  the  Poritana.  Their  love  of  conDt»y 
Hill,  the  newa  of  which  ooold  not  yet  was  baidl;  yet  so  diluted  aa  to  extend 
have  arrived  at  Philadelphia.  But  the  otet  the  whole  thirteen  colon iea, which 
iKix,  ao  mach  dreaded,  had  begun,  on  ^ere  rather  looted  upon  as  alliea  than 
the  qniet  banks  of  Concord  river ;  an  u  composing  one  nation.  In  truth, 
army  of  twenty  thousand  men  was  be-  the  patnotiam  of  a  citiien  of  the  United 
leaguering  Boaton  ;  and  here  was  Stalea  is  a  sentiment  by  ilaelf,  of  a  pa- 
Washington  journeying  northward,  to  culiar  nature,  and  requiring  a  lifa-time, 
take  the  command.  It  seems  to  place  ^t  at  least  the  cnatom  of  many  yeara, 
nsio  a  nearer  relation  with  the  hero,  to  natnraiiH  it  among  the  other  possaa- 
to  find  him  performing  the  little  conr-  lions  of  the  heart 
te*T  of  bearing  a  letter  between  friend  The  collection  U  enriched  hj  a  letter 
and  friend,  and  to  hoH  in  onr  hands  the  ~dated  "Cambridge,  Angmt  86,  lT7ft" 
very  document  entiOBled  to  such  a  —from  Washington  himself.  He 
messenger.  John  Adams  sava  simply  ^de  it  in  that  honae—oow  so  yene- 
— '  We  send  yon  Generals  Washing-  „bie  with  hia  memory— in  that  very 
ton  and  Lee  for  yonr  comfort'— hot  room,  where  his  bust  now  sUnds  np*D 
adds  nothing  in  regard  to  the  character  j  poet's  table.  Down  this  aheet  of 
of  the  commander-in-ohief.  This  let-  paper  paaaed  the  hand  that  held  the 
terdisptajB  much  of  the  writer's  ardent  leading-staff !  Nothing  can  be  mora 
temperament;  if  he  had  baen  any-  perfectly  in  keeping  with  all  other 
where  but  in  the  hall  of  CongreM.  it  inanifeatations  of  vVaahingtoa,  than  the 
would  bare  been  in  the  entrenchment  nhote  visible  aaiiecl  and  embodiinent 
before  Boston.  of  thia  letter.    The  mannsciipi  is  aa 

clear  as  day-light ;  the  pnnctuation  ex- 

«r  hope,»hewrilea,  «  a  good  account  ^t,  to  a  comma.    There  is  a  calm 

will  be  Riven  of  Gage,  Haldiman,  Bur-  ^curacy  throughoot,  wUeh  aeemathe 

Erne,  Chnlon,  and  Howe,  before  winter,  p^oju^tion  of  a  species  of  inlelligenee 

ch  a  wretch  as  Howe,  with  a  autuetn  ^^^^^  ^^„„^,  ^^  ^^ich.  if  we  maj 

honor  of  hit  family  iaWeilminster  Abbey,  .     ,,'    m.  .    ,.   '  i,u  „  „™ 

erected   by  the  Mi^sclmsetl.,  to  cowl  ?"  "P*"'''  ^'^  f^"*  "',  *'*  •  P*"^ 

over  with  the  design  to  cut  the  Ihroati  of  ''™»n  warmth,  if  "ejould  conceive  it 

the  Maswchusetl*  people,  U  too  much.  "P*''''',  "f  """"^  ""ebt  human  eriOT. 

I  moat   sincerely,  cooHy,    and   devoutly  Tbe  chirograph/  is  charactenaed  by  a 

wish,  that  a  lucky  ball  or  bayonet    may  p'ain   and   easy  grace,  which,  in  the 

make  ■  Eignal  eiample  of  faim,  in  warn-  signature,  is  somewhat  elaborated,  aad 

ing  to  all  such  naprincipied,  nnientiaien-  becomes  a  type  of  the  personal  maimer 

tal  miscresal*  for  the  future !''  of  a  gentleman  of  the  old  aehool,  bat 
without  detriment  to    the    tmlh   iHd 

He  goes  on  in  a  strain  that  amacka  ejeamesa  that  diatingniah  tbe  reat  of 

somewhat  <rf'  ariatocraiic    feeling : —  the  muiaacript.     The   lineB   are    as 

"Our  camp  will  be  an  illdstrious  school  airaightandeqni-dtatantasifmMinBd 

of  diilttary  virtue,  and  will  be  reaotled  from  beginning  to  end,  there  ie  no  ahp- 

to  and  frequented,  as  Inch,  by  gentle-  uctl  symptom — as  how  sfaoDld  uwa 

men  in  great  nmnbers  from  tlie  other  be  1^-of  varying  mood,  of  Jets  of  amo* 

ecdonies.    The  term  "  ^ntleman  "  has  tion,  or  any  of  those  fluctuating  feelings 

seldom  been  naed  in  this  sense  subse-  that  pass  from  the  hearts  into  the  &- 

qoeiUly  to  the  Revolution.    AooUier  Mrs  of  common  men.  The  paper  itsalf 

lettar  introduces  na  to  two  of  these  (likemostofthoserevolatioiuu'ylettesai 

^enllemen,  Messrs.  Aquilla  Hall  and  which  are  written  on  fabrios  flt  to  en- 

'oaias  Carvill,  vohroteers,  who  are  re-  dure  the  hoithen  of  ponderous  and  ea^ 

eoromended  as  "  of  the  first  families  in  neat  thought)  is  stout,  and  of  exoellent 


ge. 

Jot 

eoe  „    ,  , 

Harylaod,  and  poaaeasing  independent    aosliiy,  and  hears  the  wMer-mark 

fortunes."  Britannia,  sormonnted  by  the  crown. 


"Google 


.4W  A  Book  of  Autegfi^h't.  [Not. 

Tbe  Bobjeet  of  the  letter  is  a  sute-  wu  ulapted  lo  Bland  b  leUtioo  to  bis 

ment  of  reasons  for  not  lakJag  posses-  eountr;,  as  aoja  atands  lowatds  man, 

«ioD    of  Point  Alderton ;    a  position  but  could  not   indiTidualize  itaelf  in 

comroandine   Ibe   entrance  of  Boston  brotherhood  to  an  indiTidual! 
^srboT.     Ahet  ezplainins  the  difficul-        Tbeie  are  two  letters  from  Fnnklut, 

ties  of  the  caae,  arising  from  his  vant  the  earliest  dated,  *'  London,  AugnM  8, 

.'Of  men  and  munitiona  tar  the  adequate  ITW,"  and  addressed  to  "  Mrs.  Frank- 

defeaoe  of  the  lines  which  he  already  tin,  at  Philadelphia."     He  was  then  in 

occupies,  Washington  proceeds : —  England,  as  agent  for  the  Coloniea  in 
their  resistance  to  the  opprflssire  policr 

"To  you,  Eir,  who  are  a  wen-wisher  to  <,f    Mr.     Grenville's     administration. 

the  cause,  and  can  reason  upon  Ihe  effects  xhe  letter,  howew.  makes  no  tefw- 

«f  such  conduct,  I  may  open  myself  with  ^^^^  ^      j^j^^  ^^  „j^^^  bustiwas.     It 

Ireedom,  because  no  improper  disclosures  .^i . i_  ,' ._  i   .  i-         i 

willbemadeofoursiluMion.    Bullcan-  "  't^/ '^?'^,"?  "  StiL^T^^ 

■noi  expose  my  weakness  to  the  enemy  8i"n"n«— "."y  dear  chid  — and  con- 

(thongh  I  beliere  they  are  pretty  well  in-  '«ri"ff  ""  impression  of  long  and  ven- 

ibrmed  of  ererrthiap    thai  passes),  by  ershle  matrimony,  which  has  lost  aU  its 

lelliDgtMs  andtbat  man,  who  are  daily  romance,  but  retained  a  familiar  and 

pointing  out  this,  and  that,  and  t'other  qoiet  tenderness.     He  speak^  of  mak- 

iplace,  of  all  the  motives  that  govern  my  ing  a  Itttte  excorsion  into  the  conntry 

BCtioni;    nolwittastandiog  I  know  whal  for  his  health  ;  mentions  a  longer  letter, 

will  be  the  consequence  of  not  doing  it —  despatched  by  another  vessel ;  allndes 

namely,  thai  I  shall  be  accused  of  inalten-  with  homely  affability  to  "  Mrs.  Steven- 

Uon  to  the  public  service,  and  perhaps  of  gon,"    "Sally,"  and   "  oor  dear  Polly," 

]wnt  of  spirit  to  prosecute  it.    But  this  ientet  to  be  remembered  to  "  all  in- 

shall  have  no  effect  upon  my  condoct.    I  -„i,i„_  f,ia„jg  »   ,„j  ,;         himselE- 

will  steadily  (as  far  a.  my  judgment  will  ^^You?  ever  loving  husband."     Id  this 

s  e'ou'd^cr fo  'tht  Ssr^of"  -"j"^>  r'^'  '^i-^-^rri 

cause,andre.tsati,fiednndersnyobloqny  "  "  "•  *''«'«  •«>  the   elements  tbat 

thai  shall  be  thrown,  conseiouK  of  having  """"no"  "P  ">o  past,  and  enable  uato 

.  diseharged  my  duty  to  the  best  of  my  create   anew  the  man,  his  connexions, 

,  abilities."  '^i^"  circa mstances.     We  can  see  Iho 
sage  in  bis  London  lodgings — with  his 

The  above  passage,  like  every  other  wig  cast  aside,  and  replaced  by  a  vol- 

paaaage  that  could  be  quoted  from  his  vet  ca^ — penning  this  very  letter  ;  and 

pen,  IB  characteristic  of  Washington,  then  can  step  across  the  Atlantic,  and 

and  entirely  in  keeping  with  the  calm  behold  its  reception  hy  the  elderly,  bat 

elevation  of  bis  soul.     Yet  how  iinper-  still    comely    Madam    Franklin,   who 

.  foot  a  glimpse  do  we  obtain  of  him,  breaks  the  seal  and  begins  to  read,  first 

through  ihe  medium  of  this,  or  an;  of  remembetlng  to  put  on  her  spectacles. 

his  letters !     We  imagine  him  writing  The   seal,  by  the  way,  is  a  pompons 

calmly,  with  a  hand  that  never  falters ;  one  of  armorial  bearings,  rather  sym- 

kis  majestic  face  neither  darkens  nor  bolical  of  the  dignity  of  the  Colonial 

gleams  with  any  momentary  ebullition  Agent,    and    Pobtraaeter    General    of 

of  feeling,  or  iiregalarily  of  thought ;  America,  than  of  the  humble  origin  of 

nnd  thoB    flows   forth   an    expression  the  New  England  printer.     The  wiit- 

pteoisely  to  the  extent  of  his  purpose,  ing  is  in  the  free,  quick  style  of  a  man 

DO  more,  no  lev.    Thas  much  we  may  with  great  practice  of  the  pen,  and  is 

.  eonceiTe.      But    still    we    have    not  particularly  agreeable  to  the  reader: 
.  grcsped  the  man  J  we  have  caught  no       Another  letter,  from  the  eama  fa- 

glimpse  of  his  interior;  we  have  not  mens  hand,  is   addressed  to   General 

.  oeteoted    bis    peraonality.      It  is  the  PaJmer,3nddated,*'Passy,  Octobers?, 

.  aame  with  alt  the  recorded  traits  of  his  17*9."    By  an  endorsement  on  the  ont- 

daily  life.     The  collection  of  them,  by  side  it  appears  to  have  been  transmitted 

different  obsetvers,  seems  sufficiently  to  Ihe  United  States  through  the  medi- 

abnndant,  and  strictly  harmonizes  wiUi  nm  of  La  Fayelie.    Franklin  was  sow 

.  itself,  yet  never  brings  us  into  intimate  the  amlussador  of  his  conntiy  at  tlia 

celalionship  with  the  hero,  nor  makes  court  of  Versailles,  enjoying  an  ini' 

«s  feel  the  warmth'  and  the  hmnan  mense    celebrity,    caressed    by    tlie 

throb  of  his  heart.    What  can  be  the  French  ladies,  and  idolised  alike  by  iho 

loawnt    Is  it,  that  his  great  natore  foshionable  and  the  learned,  who  mt 


oogic 


1H4.1                                   A  BmI  of  AHtographi.  4BT 

•omethiagMibluDeBDdpkiloMiphieaTen  Isj'b  brill  !■  at  pictnre,  but  to  whom  his 

in  hia  Uqb  jt.m  Btockings.     Still,  as  nBtive  ability,  and  the  oircumaunees 

before,  he  writes  with  the  hDmalinCBa  and  cuatoma  of  his  oouQirj  had  ^tsu 

and  aimplicitj  that  eaaae  a  human  faae  a  place  among  ita  rnlera.     But,  oti  the 

to  look  totth  from  the  old,  yellow  abeet  coarae  aod  diagy  paper  before  a*,  ttw 

of  paper,  and  in  words  that  make  our  effect  is  very  much  inferior;  the  diree* 

eaia  re-echo,  aa  with  the  aonnd  of  hia  lion,  all  except  the  aignatnre,    is  a 

long  estioet  utterance.     Yet  this  brief  scrawl,  large  and  beary,  but  not  forci- 

epistle,  lik«  the  former,  has  ao  little  of  hie  ;  and  eren   the  name   itself,  wliile 

tangible  matter  that  we  aie  ashamed  to  alrooat  identical  in  its  strokes  with  that 

COPT  it.  of  the  Declaration,  has  a  strangely  dif- 

Next,  we  come  to  the  fragment  of  a  ferent  and  more  Tulgar  aapeot.     Per- 

letler  bySamael  Adams;  an  autograph  baps  it  is  all  right,  and  typical  of  th« 

more   nlterly  devoid   of  ornament   or  truth.     If  we  may  trost  tradition,  and 

flooriah  than  any  other  in  the  collection,  unpublished  lettera,and  a  few  witnesses 

It  would  not  bare  been  cbaracteristie,  in  print,  there  was  quite  aa  much  dif- 

bad  his  pen  traced  so  much  aa  one  ferenoe  betweeo  the  actual  man  and 

hair-line  in  tribute  to  grace,  beanly,  or  his  historical  aspect,  as  between  the 

the  elaborateness  of  manner  ;  for  this  manuscript  signature  and  the  engraved 

.  eameat-hearted  nuui  had  been  prodno-  one.     One  of  hia  associates,  both  in 

edont  of  Ibe  past  elsmenls  of  his  na-  political  life  and  permanent  renown,  ia 

tire  land,  a  real  Puritan,  with  the  reli-  said  to  bav9  characterised  him  aa  a 

gion  of  his  fotefathers,  and  likewise  "man  withouta  head  or  heart."  We,of 

with  their   principles  of  goTsmment,  an  after  generation,  should  hardly  b« 

taking  the  aspect  of  revolutionary  poli-  entitled,  on  whatever  evidence,  to  aa- 

.  lies.     At   heart,  Samuel  Adams  was  snme  such  nngiacions  liberty  with  a 

never  so  much  a  eiticeu  of  the  United  name  that  has  occupied  a  lofty  posi- 

States,  as  he  was  a  New-Englander,  tion -until  it  has  grown  almost  sacred, 

and   a  son  of  the  Old   Bay  Proviace.  and  which  is  associated  with  memories 

llie  following  paaaage  has  much  of  the  more  aacred  than  itself,  and  haa  ihas 

nan  in  it : —  become  a  valuable  reality  to  our  coun- 
trymen,  by  the  aged   reverence   that 

"rheartilTConKralnlaterou,"hewriles  cliutere  round  about  it.  Nevertheless,  , 
from  PhiladElphis,  alter  the  British  have  jt  may  be  no  impiety  to  regard  Han- 
leA  Boston, "  upon  the  sodden  and  impor-  cock  not  preeiaely  aa  a  real  personage, 
tant  change  in  our  affairt,  in  the  removs]  j,^,  g,  ^  niajesric  figure,  nserul  and  ne- 
of  the  barbarisB.  from  the  capital.  We  cessary  in  its  way,  bat  producing  its 
owe  our  grateful  ackoowledsmeol.  to  ^g.^„(  \„  „„„  ^y  an  orSamental  ont- 
Himwho..,a»  he  » frequently  stjlediu  ^  ^  ^  '  ■  -^  f 
sacred  Writ,  'The  Lord  of  Hosts,'  ,  Tk/~™  ™f  !,;..«— ™.,i,lJ  k- 
We  have  not  ret  been  inlbnned  with  cer-  T'™'^-  The  nam  of  hutory  would  be 
taioty  what  eoune  the  enemy  have  steer-  half  unpeopled,  if  all  auoh  charaetera 
ed.  r  hope  we  shall  be  on  onr  guard  "«"  banished  ffom  it. 
a^iust  future  attempts.  Will  not  care  *»«  General  Warren  we  have  a 
b«  taken  tofDr(ifytlieharbor,aBd  thereby  letter  dated  Jsnaary  U,  1775,  only  a 
prevent  the  entrance  of  ibipcof  war  here*  few  months  before  he  attested  the  silt- 
after  7"  cerity  of  his  patriotism,  in  bis  o*n 
blood,   on   Bunker   Hill.      Hia   hand- 

From  Hancock,  we  have  only  the  en-  writing  bas  many  nngraoethl  flouriahes. 

velope  of  a  doenment  "  on  pnblio  aer*  All  the  email  rf'a  spout  npward  in  pam- 

viee,"  directed  to  "  The  Hon.  the  Aa-  bolio  curves,  and  descend  at  a  ota- 

■ambly,  or  the  Council  of  Safety  of  siderable  distance.     His  pen  seems  to 

New- Hampshire,"  and  with  the  auto-  have  had  nothing  bat  hair-lines  in  it  i 

graph  affixed,  that  stands  out  so  promi-  and  the  whole  letter,  though  perfectly 

nently  in  the  Declaration  of  Indepen-  legible,  haa  a  look  of  thin  and  nupln- 

dence.     Aa  seen  in  the  engraving  of  sant  irregularity.      The  subject  ir   ~ 


sisnalure  looks  plan  for  seeuring  to  the  Colonial  party, 

preeiaely  what  we  ahonld  expect  and  the  services  of  Colonel  Gridley.  tno 

desire     in    the    hand-writing    of    a  engineer,  by  an  appeal  to  hia  private 

Coely  merchant,  whose  peamanabip  intereata.    Thoagn  writing  to  General 

been  practised  in  Ibe  ledger  which  Palmer,   ao   intimate   friend,   Warren   (^  f^,^.-^\py 

h«  is  re^senied  aa  b(4ding, in  Cop-  aigna    himaelf,    moat    eetemonioody, A^jOO^IL 


4M  A  Book  pf  Aut^rapki.  [No*. 

"  ToQT  obedient  •errant.''      Imleed,  oi  two  from  Jadgo  Jaj ;  and  (hm  &tMa 

theee  atatel;  formulu  in  winding  up  a  Geoeial  LiscolD,  wiittan,  ■ppar«ni]j', 

letter,  were  scarcely  laid  aiide,  what-  on  the  gallop,  but  witboat  an^  of  ihooa 

•Ter  might  be  the  fiuniliaciiy  of  inlei-  cbaTMieciiuc  apork*  that  tMnetiraea 

Goutse  :   hDabBod  and  wife  were  occa-  &j  oat  in  a  horrj,  when  all  the  leianae 

Biooally,  on  paper  at  least,  the  "  obedi-  in  the  world  would  fail  to  elicit  them, 

eat  seiT3nte"  <^  one  anoiber ;  aad  not  Idncoln  was  the  tjpe  of  a  New  Eog-- 

improbably,   among   wetl'bred  people,  land  a<ddier ;  a  man  of  fair  ^ulidea, 

there  wfta  a  corresponding  cereaiunial  not  eapeeiall^  of  a  warlike  oast,  witb- 

of  bows   and  oounesies,  OTen  in  the  ont  much   ohiralrj,   bat   faithfnl    aod 

deepest  interior  of  domestic  tire.    With  bold,  and  carrying  a  kind  of  deoency 

■11  the  reality  that  filled  men's  hearts,  and  restraint  into  the  wild  aad  mtfales* 

and  which  has  stamped  its  impreas  on  business  of  anne. 

■o  many  of  these  letters,  it  was  a  far        From  good  old  Ban>a  Stenben,  w* 

more  fornw]  age  than  the  present.  find — not'  a   mannscript   essay  on  Uie 

It  may  be   remarked,  that  Warren  method   of   arraying  a   battle — bat  k 

was  almost  the  only  man  eminently  commercial  draft,  in    a    small,    neat 

distinguished  in  the  intellectual  phase  hand,  as  plain  as  print,  elegant  withoat 

of  the    ReTolution,   proTious  to  the  flourish,  except  a  very  complicated  «m 

breaking  ont  of  the  war,  who  actually  beneath  the  signature.     On  the  whole. 

Uplifted  hia  arm  to  do  battle.    The  the  specimea  is  sufficiently  chaneter- 

legisIatiTc  patriots  were  a  dietinot  class  isiic,  as  well  of  the  Baron's  sofctieTUfca 

from   the   patriots   of  the   camp,   and  and  German  aimplicitv,  as  of  the  poliatt 

neret  laid  aside  the  gown    for    the  of  the  Great  Frederick's  aide'de-camp, 

sword.     It  was  very  different  in  the  a   man   of  courts   and   of  the   world. 

Ct  oiril  war  of  England,  where  the  How  singular  a&d  pictaresque  an  effect 

ing  minds  of  the  age,  when  srgu-  is  prodoeed,  in  the  array  of  onr  R«to- 

B»ent  had  done  its  office,  or  left  it  ua-  iDliooary  army,  by  the  intermingling  of 

done,  put  on  their  steel  breast-pUtes  these  titled  petsonages  &em  the  conti- 

•nd  appeared  as  leaders  in  the  field,  nent  of  Europe,  with  fendal  asaocia- 

■  Educated  yoang  men,  members  of  the  tiona   clinging   about   them — Sleabea, 

dd   eolooial    families — gentlemen,  as  Be  Kalb,  Pulaski,  La  Fayette '. — the 

JohD  Adams  terms  them — seem  nut  to  German  Teteran,  who  had  ridden  frata 

hare  eooght  employment  in  the  Revo-  the  smoke  of  one  famoui  battle-field  to 

Intionary   army,   in   such  nnmbers   as  anolherforthirlyyeare;  andtbejonng 

might  have  been  eipeeied.     Reaped-  French  Hoble,  h-do  had  come  hither, 

able  as  the  officers  generally  were,  and  though  yet  unconeciaos  of  hia   higli 

great  as  were  the  abilitiea  sometimes  office,  to  light  the  torch  that  sboutd  act 

•lioited,  the  intellect  and  cnltivaiioii  fire  to  the  antiqasted  tnuupery  of  his 

of  the  country  was  inadequately  repre-  native  instilultons  ]     Among  tbnse  an- 

aented  in  them,  as  a  body.  tographs,  there  is  one  from  La  Fayette, 

*"      ■  ■"  "   .  .1  written  long  after  onr  Revolution,  bat 

,  while  that  of  hia  own  country  waa  in  fall 

Pieeideot  of  Congress, — bim   whose  progress.    The  note  is  eaerely  aa  fal> 

destiny  it  waa,  like  so  many  noblemen  lows  : — 
of  old,  to  pass  beneath  the  Traitor's 

'Gate  of  the  Tower  of  London, — him        "Enclosed  yon  will  find,  my  dear  Sir, 

whoee   ohivalroDi    aim    sacrificed    aa  two  tickets  S*k  the  sitting  of  this  day, 

brilliant  a  future  as  any  yonog  Ameri-  One  part  of  the  defaate  will  be  on  the 

«aa  oould  have  looked  forwud  to,  in  HetM)iaortbePantheau,agrecabl]rtowhat 

an   obaenre   skirmiab.     Likewise,   we  has  been  decreed  by  tlte  Oonstitnlknal 

have  the  address  of  a  letter  to  Messrs.  AasemUy." 
Leroy  and  Bayard,  in  the  handwriting 

vf  Jefferson ;  too  slender  a  material        It  is  a   pleasant    and    comfortable 

to  aerve  as  a  talisman  for  snmmoning  thcoght,  that  we  have  no  ancb  elsasie 

up  the  writer ;  a  moet  unaatia&ctory  folly  a>  ia  here  indicated,  to  lay  to  tbe 

ingment,  affeoticg  ne  like  a  glimpse  charge  of  onr  Revolntionary  fiuhen. 

of  the  retreating  form  of  the  sage  of  Both  in  their  aeta,  and  in  the  drapery  sf 

.Honticello,  tuRiiBg  the  distaal  corner  thoseacts,they weretmetotheiiaevere 

of  a  street.     Tbeie  is  a  scrap  from  and  simple  selves,  and  thna  left  nothing 

Itcd»ett  Hwris,  tbe  finaaeiei ;  a  letter  behind  them  for  a  fvatidions  taate  t« 


8k 


1S44.]  A  B^i  t/Autegn^.  «9 

■ne«r  ti.  But  it  mnit  be  eonaideTed  whieh  »  JieDd-deroted  wietch  had 
that  oar  Revolution  did  not,  like  that  ligaed  away  hia  uWalimi.  But  then 
of  FraDce,  go  ao  deep  aa  to  disturb  the  waa  aot  aubatanco  enough  in  the  man 
ctHumon  Aeneeof  the  countrj.  — a  mere  eroaa  betwMo  the  bull-dog 
General  Schuyler  writes  m  letter,  and  the  fox — to  juatiff  much  feetiDS' of 
nnder  date  of  FebnisT;  33,  ITSO,  re-  anj  aort  aboat  him  peraonajly.  Tba 
lating  not  to  military  aSftire,  from  intereat,  auch  aa  it  is,  attaches  but  little 
whi^  the  prejudices  Of  hia  country-  to  the  man,  and  far  more  to  the  circnn- 
men  had  almost  disconnected  him,  bat  stances  amid  which  he  acted,  render- 
to  the  salt  springs  of  Onoudaga.  The  ing  the  villainy  almost  snblime,  whiob, 
expression  is  peculiarly  direct,  and  the  exercised  in  petty  affisira,  would  otiy 
band  that  of  a  man  of  busiuess,  free  have  been  vulgar. 
and  flowing.  TIm  nneertainty,  iho  We  turn  another  leaf,  and  find  a  ma- 
Tagoe,  hearsay  evidence  respecting  morial  of  Hamilton.  It  is  but  a  latWr 
Ibeae  apringa,  then  guahing  into  dim  of  iatrodaotion,  addreaaed  to  Goveroor 
daylight  beneath  the  shadows  of  a  re-  Jay  in  favor  of  Mr,  DariBa,  of  Kan* 
mote  wilderneai,  is  such  as  might  now  lucky ;  but  it  gives  an  impreesioB  of 
be  qooted  in  reference  to  the  quality  of  high  to-eediog  and  cotutcsy,  aa  little  lo 
the  water  [hat  supplies  the  rooolaiDB  of  be  mislakeo  aa  if  we  ooold  see  the 
the  Nile.  The  followiog  aenteoce  writer's  manner  and  hear  bis  onltivaied 
shows  na  an  Indian  woman  and  her  accents,  while  personally  making  me 
aon,  practising  their  aimple  procesaea  gentleman  known  to  another.  Then 
in  the  msnn&cture  of  salt,  at  a  fire  of  is  likewise  a  rare  vigor  of  expresaion 
wind-strewn  boughs,  the  flame  of  which  and  pr^nancy  of  meaning,  aach  aa 
gleams  duskily  through  the  arches  only  a  man  of  habitual  ansrgj  ^ 
of  the  forest : — "  From  a  variety  of  thought  could  have  conveyed  into  m> 
informatian,  I  find  the  amalleat  quan-  commoo-pUce  a  thing  aa  an  intro^oe- 
^y  made  by  a  aquaw,  with  the  assist-  tory  letter.  This  autograph  ia  agrace- 
ance  of  one  boy,  with  a  kettle  of  about  fut  one,  with  an  eaay  ana  piotnreeqne 
ten  gallons  capacity,  ia  baif  a  bushel  flourish  beneath  the  aignaiura,BymboU- 

£Br  day;  the  greatest,  with  the  same  oal  of  a  courteous  bow  at  the  ooncln- 

eltle,  about  two  bushels."     It  is  par-  sion  of  the  social  ceremony  so  admi- 

licularly  interesiing  to  find  out  soy-  r^ly  performed.    Hamilton  might  wall 

thing  ss  to  the  embryo,  vet  stationary  be  the  leader  and  idol  of  the  Federal* 

arts  of  life  among  the  reo  people,  their  ists  ;  for  he  waa  pre-eminent  ia  all  the 

.  maoufaetDres,  their   agriculture,  their  high  qualities   that  charscteriMd  the 

domestic  labors.     It  is  partly  the  laek  great  men   of  that   party,  and  which 

of  this  knowledge — tbe  possession  of  should  make    even    a  democrat  feal 

which  would    establish   a    ground   of  proud   that  his  country  had  prodoeed 

sympathy  on  the  part  of  civitiied  men  aueh  a  noble  old  band  of  aristociBta; 

— that  makes  the  Indian  raoe  so  aha-  and  be  shared  all  the  distrust  of  the 

dowlike  and  nnteal  to  out  conception,  people,  which   so  inevitably   and    i 


We  could  not  select  a  greater  con-  righteously  brought  abont  their  min. 
to  the  upright  and  unselfish  pa-  With  his  autograph  we  associate  that 
whom  we  have  just  spoken  of,    ef  another  Federsiist,  his  friend  in  life; 


than  tbe  traitor  Arnold,  from  whom  a  man  far  narrower  than  Hamihoi 

there  is  a  brief  note,  dated,  "  Crown-  endowed  with    a  native    vigor,    thai 

Point,  January  ID,  1TT&,"  addreaaed  caosed  many  partiaana  to  grapple  to 

to  au  officer  under  his  command.     Tbe  him  for  annport;  npri^ht,  sternly  ia- 

three  lines,  of  which  it  consists,  oan  flexible,  ana  of  a  aimfriicity  of  maimer 

prove  bad  spelling,  erroneous  grammar,  that  might  have  befitted  tbe  atonlieat 

and  misplaced  and  superflnona  irunota-  republican  among  ua.    In  onr  boyhood 

ation  ;  but,  with  alt  this  eomplicatioti  we  uaed  to  aee  a  thin,  severe  figme  of 

of  iniquity,  the  ruffian  General  con-  an  aneienl  man,  lime-worn,  batan*- 

trivea  to  express  his  meaning  as  briefiy  rently  indestructible,  moviag  with  a 

and  clearly  as  if  the  rules  of  correct  step  of  vigorous  decay  along  the  streat> 

eompositioa  had  been  ever  so  aciupu-  and  knew  him  as  "Old  TunPiokering." 

loualy  observed.    This  autograph,  tm-       Side  by  side,  too,  wUh  the  autograph 

preeaed  with  the  foulest  nante  in  onr  of  Hamiltoa,  we  would  plaea  one  ftmn 

history,  has  somewhat  of  the  interest  the  band  that  shed  hia  blood.    It  ia  a    _^ 

that  would  attach  lo  a  dooomeot  on  few  lines  of  Aaron  Burr,  written  m{     OOO   P 

o1 


4M  A  Boot  of  Avlographt.  [Nov. 

1993;  when  all  hit  ambilioae  tchemea,  liter  geneT*tion,  whose  icUto  life 
vhaMver  ihey  once  wers,  had  been  so  reachea  almost  within  the  TergB  of 
long-  abaltered  that  even  the  fngtaents  pteBeot  affairs  ;  people  of  great  4ig- 
hkd  oiumbled  away,  leaTinghim  to  ex-  nitj,  do  doabt,  but  nhose  cbmcters 
ert  his  withered  energies  on  petty  law  have  ilot  acquired,  either  from  time  or 
cases,  to  one  of  which  the  present  note  circumstances,  the  inteiest  that  ctn 
lefers.  The  hand  is  a  little  tremoloua  make  their  autographa  Taluabte  to  aDjr 
with  age,  yet  small  and  fastidiously  bot  the  collector.  Those  whom  we 
elegant,  u  became  a  man  who  was  in  have  bitheilo  noticed  were  the  men  of 
the  habit  of  writing  billet-doux  on  an  heroie  age.  They  are  departed,  and 
Bcented  note-paper,  as  well  as  ^ocu-  now  so  otterly  departed,  as  nut  even  ta 
ments  of  war  and  state.  This  is  to  us  taoch  upon  the  passing  generktioii 
■  deeply  interesting  autograph.  Re-  through  the  medium  of  persons  still  in. 
'  membering  what  has  been  said  of  the  life,  who  can  claim  to  hare  known 
power  of  Burr'a  personal  ioSuenee,  his  them  familiarly.  Their  letters,  there- 
krt  to  tempt  men,  hie  might  to  snbdue  fore,  come  to  us  like  material  things 
them,  and  the  faacioation  that  enabled  ont  of  the  handa  of  mighty  ahadowa, 
him,  though  cold  at  beait,  to  win  the  long  historical  and  traditionary,  &iid 
lOTO  of  woman,  we  gaae  aithia  prodao-  fit  companiona  for  the  sages  and  war- 
tion  of  his  pen  as  into  his  own  inscruta-  riors  of  a  thousand  years  ago.  In  spite 
bleeyes,  seeking  for  the  mystery  of  his  of  the  proverb,  it  is  not  in  a  fiingleday, 
nature.  How  singular  that  a  character,  or  in  a  very  few  years,  that  a  man  can 
imperfect, ruined,  blasted, asthis man's  be  reckoned  "as  dead  as  Julius  Ck- 
waa,  escites  a  alronger  interest  than  if  aar."  We  feel  Uttle  interest  in  serapa 
it  had  reached  the  highest  earthly  per-  from  the  pens  of  old  gentlemen,  ambu' 
fecdon  of  which  its  original  elements  aadora,  goveinoiB,  senators,  heads  of 
would  admit !  It  is  by  the  diabolical  departments,  even  presidents  Ihough 
part'of  Burr's  character,  that  he  pro-  they  were,  who  lived  lives  of  pnuaC' 
dncea  his  effect  on  the  imagination,  worthy  respectability,  and  whose  pow- 
Had  he  been  a  belter  man,  we  doubt,  deted  heads  and  black  knee-breeches 
after  all,  whether  the  present  age  have  hut  juet  vanished  out  of  the 
would  not  already  have  suffered  hitn  to  drawing-room.  Still  less  do  we  value 
wax  dusty  aud  fade  oat  of  sight,  among  the  blotted  paper  of  those  whose  repa- 
the  more  respectable  mediooritiea  of  talions  are  dusty,  not  with  oblivioas 
his  own  epoch.  But,  certainly,  be  was  time,  but  with  present  political  turmoil 
a  strange,  wild  off-shoot  to  have  sprung  and  uewspaper  vogue.  Really  great 
ftom  the  united  stock  of  thoae  two  sin-  men,  however,  aeem,  as  to  their  efleet 
entar  Christians,  President  Burr,  of  on  the  imagination,  to  take  their  place 
Friaoetou  College,  and  Jonathan  Ed-  amongst  past  worthies,  even  while 
wsrds  !  walking  in  the  very  sunshine  that  iila- 

Omitting  many,  we  have  come  a1-  minates  the  autumnal  day  in  which  we 
moat  to  the  end  of  these  tuemorials  of  write.  We  look,  not  without  curiosilj, 
historical  men.  We  observe  one  other  at  the  small,  beat  hand  of  Henry  Clay, 
aotograph  (rf'a  diatingniahed  aoldier  of  who,  as  he  remarks  with  his  habitual 
the  revolutinn,  Henry  Knox,  but  writ-  deference  to  the  wishes  of  the  hir,  re- 
ten  in  IT91,  when  he  was  Secretary  of  spondsloayoung  lady's  request  for  his 
War.  In  its  physical  aspect,  it  is  well  Beal;'%nd  we  dwell  longer  over  the 
worthy  to  be  a  soldier's  Islter,  The  torn- off  conclusion  of  a  note  from  Hr. 
hand  is  large,  ronnd,  and  legible  at  a  Calhonn,  whose  words  are  strangely 
glance ;  the  lines  far  apart,  and  aeon-  dashed  off  without  letters,  and  whose 
lately  cqni-distant ;  and  the  whole  af-  name,  were  it  less  illustrious,  would  be 
fair  looka  not  unlike  a  company  of  unrecogniiable  in  his  own  autograph, 
tegular  troops  in  marching  order.  The  But  nf  all  hands  that  can  sliU  grasp  a 
Mgnatnte  bu  a  priot-like  firmness  and  pen,  we  know  not  the  one,  belonging  to 
simplicity.  It  is  a  curious  observation,  a  soldier  or  a  statesman,  which  could 
Hatained  by  theaa  autographs,  though  interest  ns  more  than  the  hand  that 
we  know  not  how  generally  correct,  wrote  the  following ; — 
Ihat  Southern  gentlemen  are  more  ad-    "Sib: 

dieted  to  a  Bonrisb  of  the  pen  beneath        "  Tonr  note  of  the  6lh  inst.  is  received, 

their  names,  than  those  of  the  North.      I  hasten  to  anawerlhat  there  was  no  man 

And  now  we  coma  to  the  men  of  a    '  la  the  nation  of  col<mel,  by  the  name  of 


'^ic 


I8U.]  A  Book  tf  AutographM.  MI 

J.T.  ftnith,' under  mj  eonimand,  •!  the  letter  from  Nokh  Webster,  »hoM  early 

iMltle  of  New  Orlemni ;  and  am,  respect-  toils  were  rosnifesled  in  a  ipelling  book, 

fuUr,  VnnrR,  ^nd  those  of  his  latter  ago  in  a  ponder- 

"Archcw  Jacuon.  on»  dictionary.     Under  date  of  Feb- 

"  0((r,  19(A,  1833."  roary  10,  1813,  he  writes  in  a  sturdy, 

„  ,  awkward  bind,  very  lit  for  a  lexicosra- 

Tbe  old  general,  we  atiBpeot,  baa  pher— an  epistle  of  old  man's  reminis- 

been  ensnared  by  a  pardonable   Imlo  cencea,  from  which  waeitract  the  fol- 

ItiataKem  on  the  part  of  the  autogiaph  i^^jn-  jngedote  of  Waahington,  pre- 

cdlector.     The  hatlle  of  New  Orleans  ^nUng  the  patriot  in  »  fesUTO  light : 

wonld  hardly  have  been  won,  without 

belter  aid  than  that  of  this  problemMi-  ..Whenlwas  trarelling  to  the  Sonth, 
cai  l-olonel  J.  1.  hmith.  ^^  ^^  ,f  1795  i  ^^^  „„  General 
Intermixed  with  and  appended  to  Washington  at  Monni  Veinon.  At  din- 
these  historical  autograpba,  there  are  a  ^„^  (he  last  conrae  of  dishet  vu  a  ape- 
few  literary  onea.  Timothy  Dwighl  cies  of  pancaliee,  iwhich  were  handed 
—the  "  old  Timotheus  "  who  sang  the  round  to  each  gncst,  accompanied  with  a 
Conqneat  of  Canaan,  instead  of  ehooa-  bowl  of  sugar  and  another  of  molasiea 
ing  a  more  popnlar  anbjeet,  in  the  Brit-  for  leasoning  them,  that  each  goeit  might 
iah  eonqnest  of  Canaaa — is  of  eldest  stiit  himielf.  When  the  dish  came  to 
date.  Colonel  Trumbull,  whose  hand,  »*.  >  Pn'bed  bj  me  the  bowl  of  molaiK*, 
at  ¥ariona  epochs  of  his  life,  waa  fa-  obaerring  to  the  gentlemen  present,  that 
miliar  with  aword,  pen,  and  pencil,  iiH^^*""*'?  ?^i™  "  "T  "^  S^""?- 
contribotea  two  letterTwhict  Iwk  the  ?'.l,^™'::i''°"L»"  "^"'  '.^  ^«*J 
•iintTiminnsTiaai  nf  ■TBPiitinn  thni  *  •''"'8  TCTy nnnsnal  WltJl  Dim.  'An,' 
,■  there  ii  nothing  in  that  sloiy 


pictnreaqneneea     of      execution    that 


.       ,     ,  .  ,  land.'    There  was  a  seotlemin  from  Ma- 

pictures  IS  of   the  aame  nature   with  rjUnd  at  the  table;  and  the  General  im- 

that  of  daguerreotypes,  depending  not  mediately  told  a  story,  stating  that,  dur- 

npon   the   ideal  but  the  actual.     The  ing  the  Revolation,  a  hogshead  of  molas- 

beautiful  signatare  of  Washington  Ii-  ses  was  Etove  in  West-Chester  b;  the 

Ting  appears  as  the  endorsement  of  a  oversetting  of  a  wagon ;  and  a  body  of 

draft,  dated  in  I6U,  when,  if  we  may  Maryland  troops  being  near,  the  soldiers 

take  this  document  as  evidence,  his  in-  tun  bastily,  and  saved  all  Ihey  could  by 

dividuality  seems  to  have  been  merged  filling  their  hats  or  caps  with  molasses." 
into  the  firm  of  "  P.  E.  Irving  &  Co." 

Never  was  anything  lees  meicaniile        There  are  esid  to  be  tempeiaments 

than  this  antograph,  Ihoush  as  legible  endowed  with  sympathies  so  eiquisile, 

as  the  writing  of  a  bank-clerk.     With-  that,  by  merely  handling  an  autograph, 

out  apparently  aiming  at  artistic  beau-  they  can  detect  the  writer's  character 

tT,  it  haa  all  the   Sketch  Book  in   it.  with  nneriing  accuracy,  and  read  hia 

We  find  the  signature  and  seal  of  Pier-  inmost  heart  as  easily  aa  a  less  giRed 

pont,  the  latter  stamped  with thepoet's  eye  would   peruse   the   written   page. 

almost  living  coantenance.     What  a  Our  &iih  in  this  power,  be  it  a  spiritual 

pleasant  device  for  a  seal  is  one's  own  one,  or  only  a  refinement  of  the  phy- 

face,  which  he  may  thus  multiply  at  sical  nature,  is  not  unlimited,  in  apits 

pleasure,  and  aend  lettera  to  hia  frienda,  of  evidence.     God  haa  iropatted  to  the 

— the  Head  without,  and  the  Heart  human  soul  a  marvellous  strength  in 

within !    There  are  a  few  linea  in  the  gaarding  ita  aecrets,  and  He  keeps  at 

aefaool-girl  hand  of  Uargaret  Darid-  least  the  deepest  and  most  inward  re- 

•on,  at  nine  years  old  ;  and  a  scrap  of  coid   for  His  own   penisal.       Bnl   if 

a  letter  from  Waehington  Allston,  a  there  be  snch  sympathies  as  we  have 

gentle  and  delicate  autograph,  in  which  alluded    to,   in    how    many   instances 

we  catch  a  glimpse  of  thanks  to  his  would  History  be  put  to  the  blush  by  a 

oorrespondent  for  the  loan  of  a  volume  volume  of  autograph  letters,  like  uiil 

of  poetry.     Nothing  remains,  aave  a  which  we  now  close ! 


lizcdbyGoOl^Ic 


HARRO  EARRING :  A  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCH. 

BT  ALIZAiniBK  a.   IVIBITT. 

ICntiMnti  film  tur  lit  7f*niir.l 


Ikdipbkdentlt  of  the  influence  exei-  midst  of  Ibe  DanisK  armies  la  Skageoi 
eiaed  upon  the  ntind  of  Haiio  id  di-  the  north  poiot  of  JulUnd.  The  oBei 
Teitingliun  from  the  oareei  of  theiH'  w&a  accepted,  and  the  wiger  won; 
iat  to  uiat  of  the  political  reformer,  by  the  CosucIfB  havins  performed  the 
the  opinions  prevailing  around  him,  or  march  to  Skagen  and  track  again  nitii 
in  the  common  phrase,  the  spirit  of  the  the  loss  of  onf;  two  of  their  nombei. 
age,  there  were  several  circumstances  On  their  way,  the;  stopped  at  the  reai- 
in  hie  personal  position  and  that  of  his  dence  of  Harro's  grandfather  to  (ditaia 
conneiions,  which  contributed  to  pro-  provisions.  A  quarrel  arose  between 
dace  tliis  effect.  His  father's  political  them  and  the  family,  in  the  courae  of 
opinions  were,  as  we  have  eeeo,  deci-  which  the  master  of  the  house  wa* 
dedly  republican.  He  was  accustomed  brutally  slaughtered  at  his  own  fire- 
to  comment  apon  the  newspapers,  as  side.  Such,  even  in  its  gayer  mood*, 
he  read  tbem  aloud  in  the  family  circle,  me  the  beauties  of  the  military  system, 
and  though  not  of  a  communicative  Prepared  in  this  way  bj  his  deep 
oharacter,  would  naturally  instil  his  afflictions  to  sympathize  strong!;  with 
own  fe^inge  into  the  minds  of  such  an  the  friends  of  liberty,  liarto  was 
udience.  He  was  an  enthusiastic  brought  very  natarally  under  the  in&O' 
admirer  of  Napoleon,  until  the  hero  ence  of  enoiher  cause,  which  guided 
proved  recreant  to  the  cause  of  liberty,  still  more  diteotly  in  determining  hia 
A  grandfather  of  Harro  by  the  moth-  course — I  mean  his  connexion  wiu  the 
«t's  side,  a  gentleman  of  good  estate  political  societies  which  existed  at  this 
and  respectable  character,  was  so  time  in  all  the  German  nniversitiea. 
strongly  wrought  u|ion  by  the  prevail-  It  had  been  usual  in  these  institntioos 
ing  passion  of  political  reform,  that  he  for  the  students  from  the  same  part  of 
quitted  his  home  and  procured  a  com-  the  country  to  form  societies  among 
mission  in  the  French  army,  in  which  themselves,  called  Lundmamuchaften. 
he  served  with  distinction  for  several  These  associationsmaintaioed  asottof 
jnars.  When  Napoleon  declared  him-  hostile  position  in  regard  to  each  other, 
self  Emperor,  he  threw  op  bis  com-  and  their  motnal  brawls  gave  rise  to 
mission  in  disgust  and  retired  to  Iben-  most  of  the  daets  which  have  alws^ 
nhof,  where  his  lady  had  resided  with  been  so  frequent  in  the  German  nnv 
the  Harring  family  during  his  absence,  versities.  When  the  struggle  for  in- 
His  account  of  his  military  adventures  dependence  and  liberty  commenced,  the 
tended  to  nourish  the  enthusiasm  nobler  spirits  felt  that  ibis  was  a  sort  of 
which  was  already  glowing  in  the  child's  play,  entirely  inconsistent  with 
breast  ofthe  young  poet  of  liberty.  the  aspect  of  the  times,  and  laid 
The  &te  of  this  gentleman  was  the  foundation  of  a  general  association 
singular  and  trsgicat.  Afler  passing  ofthe  students  from  al!  partsof  Germa- 
some  time  with  the  family  at  IbcDshof,  nyuader  thelille  ofthe  ftirjcAerucAo/?. 
be  had  returned  to  his  own  residence.  The  old  societies  were  etill  kept  np, 
and  was  living  there  quietly  as  a  pri-  and  the  number  of  members  belonnog 
Tate  citizen,  when  the  country  was  to  the  new  one  was  comparatively  lim- 
occupied  by  the  vanguard  of  the  allied  ited.  They  ware,  however,  the  most 
anny  tmder  the  eoDamand  of  Bema-  active  and'  energetic  persona  of  this 
dotle  in  the  year  1SI3.  One  of  the  age,  and  contributed  efficiently  within 
Rnssian  officers  attached  to  this  corps  their  spheres — nor  unfrequently  by  ao- 
laidawager  with  a  Danish  civil  fone-  tnalservice  intliefield — totbesnc  ~ 
tionary  thathe  would  send  apartyof  ful  result  ofthe  warof  independt 
uz  or  eight  Cosaacks  from  Holstein,  AfUrthecloseof  tbewar.theorga 
where  he  was  qosrteied,  through  the  tion  was  continued,  and  the  object  now 


gle 


U44.]  SoTTO  Barring.  «> 

\raB   the  refonn  of  the  eziBtlnt  gor-  thepatriolicenthuaiasroofthetime.    A. 

enunantB.  branch  of  the  oeaeral  uMcialiaD  wtM 

The  reig^niag  sovereigns  compruing  eM&blished  at  Dreaden  among  the  sta- 

the  GeriDBD  CDnfederacy,  had  sDJemnl;  dents  in  the  Academ;  of  Fine  Ar1«, 

boand  ihemaelTeB  bj  an  article,  in  the  chiefly  under  the  inflaence  of  the  bi- 

aotof  onion,  to  establish  lepreseatative  citement  produced    by   bis   songs  and - 

CODBtitDtiona  in  their  respective  stales ;  other   writings.     I  waa  a  member  of 

but  when  the  immediate  pressure  of  the  this  body,  which  kept  op  en  activs  cor- 

titnes  was  otct,  many  of  them  either  respondenee  with  the  central  society  at 

C'tively  refused,  or  nnreasonably  de-  Jena."  In  another  passage  of  the  notes, 

_   >d,  to  falGl  this  promise.     The  dis-  he  speaks  of  htmseir  as  a  "  pupil  in  the 

^nst  and  disappointment  created  by  this  school  of  Fullin."     I  allode  the  more 

impolitic  coiitse,  was  intense  Ibrough-  pSTtioularl^   to  this  circumstance   be- 

out  Gennany ;  and  the  popular  senti-  cause  it  will  doubtless  be  interesting  to 

tuenl  changed  st  once  from  patriotic  the  numerous  friends  of  Follim  io  this 

eDthnsiasm  to  discontent  and  bitterness,  country,  to  1inow  that  the  poet  and  raar- 

Oae  of  the  earlier  and  as  yet  liarmless  tyr  to  liberty  who  has  now  taken  reKige 

ts  of  the  associated  youth  was  amone  us,  drew  his  political  inspii 


the  celebration  of  the  third  centennial  from  the  lips  of  one  so  much  beloTsd 

aoDiversary  of  the  imprisonmeDt  of  Lu-  and  so  dearly  lamented  by  all  who  knew 

ther  hi  the  castle  of  Warehurg  by  an  him. 

immense  meeting  on  thA  spot  in  honor  Among  the  students  from  othar  parts 
of  the  great  Reformer — whose  image,  it  of  Germany,  who  visilEd  Dresden  at 
may  be  remembered  en  patiant,  the  Ibid  time  for  the  purpose  of  beeping  up 
once  liberal  King  of  Bataria  has  not  the  couimonication  between  the  diOer- 
eondescended  to  place  in  his  Valhalla  ent  branches  of  the  SuMcAenjA^^,  was 
among  those  of  the  great  men  of  Ger-  William  Boldeman,  a  resident  of  the 
many.  Some  years  later  the  altered  UniTersity  of  Wursburg — described  by 
hnmor  of  the  times  was  significantly  Harro  as  an  "  adept  of  Chahlib  Fol- 
eriiiaed  by  the  assassination  of  the  poet  lik."  Boldeman  found  in  Harro  a  per- 
Kotsebue.  It  cannot  be  doubted,  how-  son  whom  he  thonghi  well  fitted  to  pro~ 
ever,  that  the  intentions  of  the  yonng  mole  the  objects  of  the  union,  and  in- 
men  engaged  in  these  asaociations  viled  him  to  proceed  npon  a  secret  mis- 
were  originatlygenerous.  Eren  Sand,  sion  into  Hungary,  the  object  of  which 
the  BBsaseiu  of  Kotaebue,  was  a  youth  of  was  lo  form  an  understanding  with  the 
the  purest  and  loftiest  cast  of  character,  stadenia  at  the  Uniieraity  of  Peat. — 
The  constitution  ofone  of  the  societies,  Harit>,  after  some  consideration,  deter- 
which  was  dnUled  by  him,  is  written  in  mined  to  accept  the  proposal,  In  the 
a  style  of  the  noblesleloquence.  "We,  spring  of  1B2Q,  he  took  lesTe  of  the 
the  yeung  men  of  Germany,"  it  begins,  Danish  Minister,  who  gave  him  letiere 
"  have  ohosen  for  our  watchwords,  Vir-  of  introduction  to  the  Ambassador  in 
tue, Science, Fatherland."  Oneofthe  Austria,  and  proceeded,  by  way  of 
leaders, — perhaps  I  might  almost  say,  Prague,  where  he  passed  a  few  days,  lo 
the  leailer  in  this  Bui»chenschaft,  was  Vienna. 

the  late  lamented  Fdllkk,  since  ao  well  The  Anstrian  police,  which  was  at 
known  in  this  country,  and  so  well  es-  this  time  very  active,  observed  hie 
teemed  for  talent,  learning  and  the  movements  while  he  was  at  Pragne. 
highest  social  elevation  of  character.  On  reaching  Vienna  he  found  some 
Harro  speaks  of  him  in  several  passa-  difficulty  in  obtaining  the  usnal  permis- 
ges  of  hie  notes  with  a  sort  of  enthusi-  sion  to  reside.  He  was  an  object  of 
asm:  "The  sublime  idea  of  the  resur-  suspicion  as  a  Stndent  habited  in  tbe 
leetion  of  Germany  in  the  form  of  one  old  German  dress,  which  was  the  unt- 
gteat  united  people,  the  firm  belief  form  of  the  Burschentchaft,  and  the 
that  it  was  reaervsd  for  the  youn([  men  protection  of  the  Crown  Prince,  whose 
of  Germany  to  effect  this  splendid  re-  position  at  home  was,  of  conrae, 
■nit — were  the  great  principles  that  in-  known  at  Vienna,  were  ralher  injurious 
spired  the  gcnerons  soul  of  CHiBi.as  than  useful  to  him.  After  two  or 
FoLLKH,  one  of  the  noblest  and  loftiest  three  weeks  of  solicitation  he  was  pet- 
characters  that  hare  adorned  the  annals  milted — on  condition  that  he  would 
of  his  country.  Ho  was  at  this  time  at  from  time  to  time  mate  his  appearanoe 
Jena — the  centre  and  radiating  point  of  at  the  Police  uffioe,— diwH  in  tiie  An*- 


Googlc 


4H                                                Harro  Harnttg.  [N«r. 

tmn  ftahioD,  and  wear  his  hair  short  Huro  determined  to  pay  no  regard  to 
—HO  reoiain  one  month  at  Vienna.  tbeir  vexaiioa*  injuDctioni,  and  to  pvr- 
Vienna  was,  I  need  not  bb^,  the  me-  ane  hie  own  eonrao,  at  bia  periJ.  Ho 
tropoiia  of  hgitimacy.  Pnnce  Met-  accordingly  pasted  the  gatei  of  the  eitf 
ternicb,somelinies  called  by  the  friendd  ons  Sunday  among  the  ciovd  of  citi- 
of  liberty  Prince  Midniqbt  (Mttler-  zens  who  were  going-  to  the  auburba, 
nacht),  Irani  hia  aTerBion  to  the  eiten-  proceeded  without  molestation  to  Nur- 
sion  of  intellectual  light  Ihrooghout  emburg,  and  thence  went  to  Wursbarg, 
Europe,  had  cpUecled  roand  bim  a  where  he  rejoined  his  comisde  Bolda- 
circle  of  literary  men  of  his  own  opi-  man.  The  Wurzburg  branch  of  the 
Dions,  whom  he  employed  to  aid  him  anion  had  juat  decided  tu  send  a  dale- 
with  their  pens  in  sustaining  the  canse.  gate  to  condole  with  the  famitj  of 
Harro  had  been  furnished  by  his  lite-  Sand  at  Wunaiedel,  npon  his  rccenl 
lary  friends  at  Dresden  with  letters  to  execntion  for  the  aaaassinatioa  of 
several  of  these  persona — i^irticuiarly  KoCsebue,  and  Boldeman  had  been 
Hammer,  the  dlBtiDguiahed 'orientalist  deaignatad  for  this  porpoae.  He  traa 
— Frederic  Schlegel  and  Pital,  piirate  aathoiiied  lo  select  some  person  to 
secretary  to  Mettemieh,  and  editor  of  aecompany  hin,  and  invited  Ham  to 
the  famooa  Austrian  Observtr — which  accept  the  eommisMon.  They  accord- 
was  regarded  as  the  organ  and  oracle  bgly  proceeded  on  foot — the  nsoal 
of  the  Holy  Alliance.  Pilat  received  mode  of  travellug  with  the  German 
Harrs  with  great  kindness,  and  view-  students — to  their  place  of  destinatioo. 
ing  him  as  a  young  man  of  brilliant  The  details  of  their  reception  sto 
promise,  instead  of  taking  offence  at  not  given.  The  intereat  exhibited  by 
his  political  predilections,  sought  rather  the  atodents  atWunburg  in  the  for' 
in  a  qniet  way  to  bring  bim  over  to  his  tunes  of  this  nnhappy  fatflily  was  not 
own  party.  Filal  entertained  hia  confined  to  them,  but  was  shared  by 
iriende  every  Thursday  at  his  country  the  most  respected  membersof  society 
residence  near  Vienna,  and  several  throughout  Germany.  DeWette,tben 
times  sent  his  carriage  lo  bring  Hario  Professor  of  Theology  at  the  University 
to  these  meetiogs.  Among  other  per-  of  Berlin,  and  one  of  tha  most  distin- 
sons  whotn  he  encoutitored  there,  were  enished  divines  of  ^e  day,  wrote  a 
the  most  dlatinguiBhed  members  of  the  letter  of  condolence  to  the  mother  of 
society  of  the  Jesuits,  who  had  been  Sand,  which  was  opened  in  the  Poat- 
recently  expelled  from  Pruaaia,  where  oSce  by  the  police  of  Prussia,  and 
they  were  permitted  to  take  refuge,  occasioned  hia  munediate  removal  from 
when  the  order  was  aoppresaed  by  the  bis  place,  At  a  time  when  the  ardor 
Pope,  and  had  now  found  an  asylum  at  of  the  gravest  profesBors  bad  risen  lo 
Vienna.  After  paasiog  aome  time  such  a  heit(ht,  a  aladent  may  perhaps 
very  agreeably  in  that  city,  Harro  be  excused  for  what  might  otherwiaa 
sought  to  obtain  a  passport  for  Peat —  «ppear  an  excess  of  seal  in  the  cans* 
the  place  of  hia  destination.     He  was  of  liberty. 

at  first  refused  permission  to  go  to  Harro  was  determined  to  retorti  lo 

Hungary,  but  Soally  succeeded  in  get-  Denmark.      He  bad  in  the  eanrse  of 

tingapasaportforPresbourg, with  strict  the  year  composed  a  number  of  patii- 

injunctions  not  to  quit  that  city — under  otio  aongs,  which  had  passed  in  mam- 

penaltj  of  being  forthwith  arrested,  script  from  one  hand  of  the  Union  t« 

After  making  this  first  excursion  he  another,  and  rendered  his  name  f«n>> 

relorned  to  Vienna,  and  applied  to  the  liar  to  all.    His  friend  Boldeman  ss- 

Klice  for  permiasion  to  go  to  Wuri-  companied  him  on  hia  retam.    lliey 

IV  by  the  way  of  the  Tyrol  and  proceeded  as  before,  on  foot,  along  Ih* 

Switzerland.    Thia  was  refused,  and  banks  of  the  Rhine  to  Holland,  and 

he  was  ordered  to  lelum  to  Dresden  afW  remaining  a  short  time  at  An- 

by  the  same  route  by  which  he  had  lefl  stetdam,   embarked  for  Tonningen,in 

it,  Denmark.     His  brother  was  placed  •■  » 

These  details,  in  ibemselves  of  little  clergyman  in  a  villaee  near  that  city, 

importsjiee,   illustrate   very   cnrioasly  and  their  mother  resided  with  him.  T>» 

the  strictness   with  which  the  move-  two  friends  and  travelling  eompanioiw 

menta  of  individuals  were  watched  by  now  parted.  Boldenun,after  a  few  dajV 

the  police.    After  a  confidential  com-  repose,  set  forth  again  by  way  of  lUel 

muDication  with  the  Danish  miniater,  fo:  Germany,  and  Hairo  took  np  hia 


gle 


IBM.]                                        Harro  Barring.  MB 

■bode  Mmponrilr  at  his  biothei's  pat-  pnblislied  two  volnmes  of  poems,  with 

^•Daga.  li  dedication  In  hia  pattoa  and  proieetoT. 

Soch  are  the  particulaia  of  the  firal  These  had   been  well   leceiTed  bj  tha 

■eonditioQH  of  poorHattoin  the  charao-  pablie  as  well  as  by  the  Princ«,  and 

ter  of  a  political  Teformar.     He  seems  sileDsiTelj  noticed  and  copied  ia  tha 

to  bare  returned   from  it  with  a  dispo-  German  newspapers.  After  the  arriTal 

•ilioa  to  reaome  his  career  as  a  poet,  of  the  Prince's  lett'^r,  be  immediately 

ot  rather  to  unite  the  two  professions,  lefl  his  brother's  house,  and  proceeded 

by  emplayiog  his  poetical  talent  chiefly  without  delay  to  Copenhagen.     Th« 

on  subjects  connected  with  the  political  friendly  stars  which  had  shed  bo  propi- 

moTementa  of  the  limes.     On  leaving'  tiooa  an  influence  □□  his  fortuoes,  werv 

Vienna  he  had  written  to  the  Crown  stilt  in  the  ascendant,  and  with  such 

Prince,  who  was  then  at  Naples,  and  advantages  of  every  bind,  a*  he  enioT- 

•oon  aAer    reaching  home,   received  ed,  he  had  reason  to  anticipate  a  bnl- 

ftoro  him,  through  his  Secretary,  satis-  liant  and  prosperous  career  as  a  literary 

foctory  assaraoees  of   his    continued  laborer  in  the  cause  of  improvemsiit, 

protection,  with  permission  to  resame  humanity  and  freedom.     Bat  erents 

Lis  studies  at  the  Frinoe's  expense  at  had  already  occurred,  which  gBTe  his 

the  ci^ital.     In  the  mean  time,  he  had  efforts  another  direction. 


Ok  naehing  Copenhagen  be  was  eflbrta  In  the  way  of  aetnal  aaeistanee. 
met  by  the  startling  news  that  The  generons  sonis  who  went  forth 
Greece  had  risen  in  arms,  and  was  from  among  as  to  devote  themeelTee  to 
determined  to  be  free.  We  all  recol-  the  cause  of  Greece,  whether  aa  sol- 
lect  the  thrill  of  transport,^!  may  al-  diers,  aurgeona,  teachers  or  missiooa- 
most  say  ecstasy,  which  shot,  like  a  ries,  distinguished  themeeUes  moat 
salTanic  shock,  at  the  receipt  of  this  honorably  among  the  foreigners  who 
ut«lli^BDce,  throogh  every  feeling  followed  the  same  impulse,  and  haT« 
heart  in  every  corner  of  Christendom,  left  among  the  natives  the  most  favor- 
Greece,  the  beautifal  mother  of  our  able  imnrcssioas  of  their  own  and  the 
modern  civilieation,  was  about  to  throw  national  character.  England  was  not 
off  the  hateful  mask  of  a  false  religion,  insensible  to  this  spirit-stirring  call, 
and  a  ferocious  foreign  despotism,  bv  and  deputed  her  greatest  poet  to  dio 
which  she  had  been  so  long  disguised,  for  a  land  which  he  had  already  tasked 
and  stand  forth  again  ia  all  her  ancient  his  highest  powers  to  celebrate.  In 
loveliness, soch  a*  she  was  in  the  days  of  Germany,  all  alive  as  it  then  was  with 
FerieJeeandPlato.Therewasmuchillu-  political  agitation,  the  sympathy  with 
■ion  in  these  anticipations,  whichthe  re-  Greece  became  a  perfect  frenzy,  and 
suit,  though  an  improvement  on  the  pre-  nothing  bat  the  all-pervading  system  of 
eeding  slate  of  things,  has  by  no  means  police,  which  involved  the  whole  pop. 
fully  realized  ;  but  the  enthusiasm  was  ulation  in  its  irresistible  roeahes,  pre- 
fer the  time  genuine,  and  alt  hot  ani-  vented  a  general  rush  to  the  scene  of 
Tersal, — at  least  in  countries  where  action.  As  it  was,great  nambersjoio- 
tbe  form  of  government  permitted  the  ed  the  crusade,  including  among  them 
pablicexpressionofliberalpoliticalprin-  our  adopted  countryman,  Lieber,  who 
eiplee.  The  delightful  associationB  that  soon  after  his  return  published  an  ao- 
clustet  around  the  memory  of  youthful  count  of  his  expedition, 
•todies,  the  charms  of  poetry,  the  sano-  Harro,  from  hia  temperament  and 
tky  of  rdigion,  and  all  the  influences  peraonal  position,  was  naturally  one  of 
that  operate  most  strongly  on  the  feel-  the  first  to  feel  the  general  impnlsa 
UighsartaDdthecullivatedmind.concar-  imparted  by  the  early  movements  of 
led  in  raising  the  popular  sympathy  in  the  Greek  revolution.  He  remained, 
the  Brat  movements  of  the  Greek  rev-  however,  at  Copenhagen  several 
oktion,  to  a  sort  of  passion.  No-  months  after  hi*  arrLval.  He  here  re. 
where,  peittaps,  was  this  passion  felt  newed  his  acquaintance  with  the  scalp- 
more  sincerely  and  ardently  than  in  the  tor  Bissen,  and  the  two  friends  pasaod 
Voited  Slates,  aod  nowhere  did  it  re-  the  greater  part  of  their  time  in  com- 
Mlt  in  more  judicious  aod  sncceasfol  paoy.  In  tu  month  of  June  he  tiuI-  ^  ~- 
you  XT. — NO.  Lxzrii.             38 


Google 


MS  Harro  Harring.  [Nor. 

ed  bis  mothet  foi  the  pur|MMe  of  con-  in  Gieece ;  and  no  arraogemeDts  liad 
aolting  her  in  regard  to  hii  pToJect  of  been  made  for  the  snbsMtence  and 
taking  pact  pecBOu ally  in  the  Greek  re-  lodging  of  the  aaxiliacies  from  the 
Tolotion.  Such  wae  the  excited  state  other  parts  of  Europe.  These  were- 
of  Ilia  feelings  that  he  often  passed  abandoned  entirely  to  their  own  resoar- 
whols  nights  witbool  sleep,  pouring  out,  ces ;  and  excepting  so  far  as  they  had 
as  he  lay  awake,  the  flood  orenthusiasDi  the  means  of  supporting  themselves, 
with  which  bis  heart  waa  Bwetling,  in  were  constantly  in  danger  of  absolota 
the  form  of  lyrical  poems.  These  he  starration.  So  complete  was  the  di»- 
read  to  bis  mother,  who  was  a  lady  of  order,  that  the  auxiliaries  were  oflen 
elevated  character  and  partook  of  the  attacked  and  plundered  by  the  Greeka 
generous  eetitinteots  of  her  sod.  themselves.  Harro  states  that  as  ha 
"  Yes,"  said  she,  "  these  poems  are  was  marching  from  Navarino  to  Argos 
the  fruits  of  a  real  inepiraiion,  and  I  with  a  detachment  of  thirteen  emi- 
feel  that  you  are  called  to  act  aa  well  grants  tike  himself,  they  were  set  upon 
as  write  in  defeoce  of  liberty."  "  It  by  the  Greeka  on  the  borders  of  Area- 
was  ro;  intention,"  says  Harro,  "  to  dia,  and  driven  back  to  Calaraats.  A 
join  the  Sacred  Band,  nnder  Prince  singular  fashion  this  of "  hackinc  yomr 
Ypailanti,  of  which  the  uniform  was  friends."  Harro  good-naturedly  ex- 
black.  On  mentioning  this  to  my  mo-  cused  it  on  the  ground  that  nothing 
ther  she  brought  me  hoi:  wedding  dress,  better  could  bo  expecled  from  a  people 
which,  according  to  the  cnstom  of  the  who  had  been  suffering,  for  four  hoB- 
coDQtry,  was  a  robe  of  black  cloth,  and  dred  years,  under  a  grinding  tyranOT. 
requested  me  to  have  it  made  into  a  If  he  had  said  two  thunsand,  he  wouM 
uniform.  This  I  did,  and  wore  it  not  have  gone  beyond  the  troth,  for  ths 
daring  ray  campaign  in  Greece.  I  only  variation  that  has  occurred  in  tho 
composed  upon  this  little  incident  a  fortunes  ol  Greece,  since  the  first  con- 
poem,  which  was  printed  in  a  French  quest  by  the  Romans  two  centuries  be- 
translalion  with  my  work  on  Poland,  fore  the  Christian  era,  has  bean  a 
bat  of  which  I  hare  no  copy  with  me."  change  from  one  form  of  oppressioD  to 

In  the  autumn  of  1831   Harro  left  another.     The  wonder  is,  not  that  ths 

his  home,  and  proceeded  through  Get-  Greeks  of  the  present  day  appear  to 

many  and  Switzerland  to  Marseilles,  have   degenerated  from  the  virtue  of 

which  was   the  rendezvous  of  the  vo-  their  ancestors,  but  that  there  ehonld 

looteers  in  the  canse  of  Greece.  Here  atiti  remain  among  them  the  slightest 

he   embarked  with   forty  oomnantona,  vestige  of  the  language  and  character, 

and    reached    Navarino    in    January,  that    stamped    the   name    of    ancient 

183Q.    The  fortress  of  Modon  WHS  still  Greece  on  the  annals  of  the  world  in 

in  possession  of  the  Turks.     He  had  lines  of  unrading  glory, 
made  arrangements  to  meet  at  Calama-         It  is  apparent  that  under  these  cir- 

ta  hia  friend  Boldeman,  who  had  pre-  cnmstances  the  field  was  untenable  for- 

ceded  him  by  several  months ;  but  on  all  who  were  not  'provided  with  abun- 

arriving   at    Navarino,   ha    heard   the  dantresDurcesforcarryingDnthewarat 

news  of  his  death.      He  had  labored  theii  own  expense.    The  Greeks  them- 

both  as  soldier  and  snrgeon  with  ex-  selves  were  quitting  the  eonntiy,  and 

emplary  activity,  but  had  been  arrested  Harro,  after   a  very  short  residence,. 

in  the  midst  of  bis  exertions  by  an  at-  embarked   at  Armizo,  a  small  landing 

tack  of  fever,  which  consigned  him  to  place  on  the  gulf  of  Mesaenia,  sbonl 

a  foreign  and  nntimely  grave.  two     leagues    from     Calamata,     fbr 

The  result  of  Harro>s  expedition  lo  Ancona,  in  company  with  an  aide-de- 
Greece  was,  like  that  of  an  many  camp  of  Prince  Caniacuaee,  Alexia 
others  of  a  similar  character,  nnder-  Glarallia  of  Scio,  whom  I  had  myself 
taken  under  the  same  circumstances,  the  pleasure  of  knowing  two  or  three 
complete  disappointment.  The  Sacred  years  before  as  a  medical  student,  at 
Band  of  Tpsilanti,  to  which  he  had  in-  one  of  the  German  Universitiea,  and  a 
tended  to  attach  himself,  had  been  a1-  young  German  from  Dresden,  named 
ready  cut  to  pieces,  and  the  Prince  Mossdorf,  who  afterwards  distinsniahed 
himself,  aa  we  shall  presently  have  oc-  Himself  aa  an  active  friend  of  liberty, 
casion  toaee,immared  with  his  brothers  and  died  a  martyr  to  the  cause,  having 
in  an  Austrian  fortress.  *  No  military  been  strangled  in  prison  by  the  Police, 
opeiatiou  whatever  were  in  progtMa  at  KdniDgateD,  Id  Saxony.    The  third 


gle 


1844.]  Hvro  Harrvtg.  467 

iay  »Aer  iIm;  aet  sail,  Harro  t 

locked  nith  the  fevei  of  tbe   c         ,  ,  ,  ,        . 

(Jiiirre    morailifue),    which     he    de-  of  the   great  EuTopeaD  alliance,   and 

■cribes  ae  a  Tariety  of  the  plague,  and  waa  airested  at  Alexandiia  by  a  party 

Kmained  for  aeTeial  days  entirely  in-  of  Austtian  soldiers,  who  vere  conduct- 

seosible  to    Bvef'ythiDg    around   him.  iag  him  to  some  unkoowa  destiaalion, 

Al^ei  a  pa< sage  of  fifteen  days,  tbey  probably  a  fartroBa  in  Bohemia  or  Hun- 

leached  ADcona,  aad  ihe    »ame  day  gary,  when  he  fortanately  succeeded  in 

Harro  reeovered   his  aenaeB,  and  after-  makiag  hie  escape.     At   Ihia  time,  he 

warda  by  alow  degree*  his  health  and  receired  letters  from  his  protector  at 

memory.     His  friend  Mosadorf,  know-  London,   adTising    him    to    repair   to 

iog  his  relalioDs  with  the  Crown  Prince,  Munleh,  and  continue  his  aludies  under 

wrote  immediately  on  their  arrival,  to  the  patronage  of  the  Prince  Roval  of 

the  Danish  Minister  at  Rome,  Baron  Bavaria,  to  wham  he  was  strongly  re- 

Blouatedl,  who  in  turn  inMructed  the  commended  by  the  Crown  Prince.   The 

oonsul  at  Aneona,  to  lend  sach  aid  as  Prince  Royal,   now  King  of  Bavaria, 

he  might  want  to  their  diatreHsed  conn-  was   a  persona]  friend  of  the  Crowe 

tryman,  and  invited  him,  as  soon  as  he  Prince,  whom  he  had  known  at  Rome, 

should  find  himself  in  travelling  con-  and  was  a  politician  of  the  same  class — 

dilioo,  to  repair  to  the  Eternal  City.'  liberal,  ai  heir-apparent,   but  as  King, 

On  reachmg  Rome,  he  waa  received  not  rery  different  from  his  neighbors, 

by   the   Baron   and   by  bis  celebrated  He  has  been,  however,  to  do  him  jue- 

Gonntryman,the  sculptor,  Thorwaldsen,  tine,  both  before  and  since  his  accession 

with  great  kindness.      They  were  b<Mh  to  the  throne,  a  warm  and  active  friend 

fiuniliar   with   his   name,  through  the  of  learning  and  the  arts.    He  published, 

mediom  of  his  poems,  which  haa  been  in  his  youth,  a  volume  of  poecns,  which, 

commnnicated  to  them  by  the  Crown  considered  as  the  work  of  a  prince,  are 

Prince,  during  his  residence  in  Italy,  not  without  merit :  and  since  his  acces- 

The    Prince    was   notv    in    England,  sion  he  has  rendered  Munich  a  sort   of 

Harro  has  recorded  in  this  part  of  his  metropolis  for  Germany  of  sculpture, 

notes  the  advice  given  him  by  Thor-  paintingandarchitectnre.  Althona:h,asI 

waldsen,  in  regard  to  the  manner  of  hare  remarked  before,  he  had  the  bad 

employing  his  time   at   Rome,  which  taste  to  exclude  Luther,  as  a  heretic, 

may  be  regarded  as  cnrions,  from  the  from  hia  Valhalla,  the  plan  of  a  national 

high  anthority  on  which  it  rests  :  temple    in  honor  of  the  great  men  of 
Germany  was  a  noble  one,  and  seems 

"  Pass  yonr  whole  time  in  making  re-  to  have  been  carried  out,  in  general, 

iearches,  and  endeavor  to  explore  every  wilhjudgmentandsaccess.    Hisfather, 

corner  and  creriee  in  the  city.    Not  a  the   then   reigning   King   of  Bavaria, 

step  that  yon  take  for  this  porpow  will  be  Maximilian,  was  himself  not  illiberal  in 

lost  to  yon.    It  is  not  uncommon  with  art-  his  political  opinions,  and  had  been  one 

ists,  and  men  of  lettera,  who  come  here,  of  the  first  among  tbe  sovereigns  of  the 

to  shot  themselves  np  in  their  rooms,  in  German  confederacy  to  eslabliah  in  hia 

order  to  complete  some  work,  which  they  dOTiinionsarepresentative  government, 

may  alUrwards  laj  wis  executed  or  writ-  [^  complUnce  with  the  engagement  to 

ten  at  Rome     Borne  rfthem  scarce^  ever  this  eflool  intheaotof  union.     Hewaa 

gpou^  except  to  the  Qn«l.  coffee-house.  ;2"^„„„,  ,ho,  in  earlier  life,  when 

This  u  all  very  foohflh.     Yon  may  paiat  "'"t~'"''"«         >  i,.,ir=  »f  n.n« 

a  pictore,  or  write  a  poem,  anywhere,  he  bore  the  name  of  Duke  of  Deox- 

but  it  i.  only  at  Rome  ST'ion  can  mI:  ?««".  had  extended  hui  patronage  to 

Boinc.    I  have  been  hora  twenty  years,  our  countryman,  Benjamin  Ihomysoo, 

•ltd  I  find  every  day  something  intwesi.  npon  whom  he  afterwards,   as  Oonnt 

ing  which  I  had  not  met  with  before."  Palatine  and  admrnistrator  of  the  em- 
pire during  the  vaoanoy  of  the  throna. 

The  complete  failnre  nf  hU  lofty  as-  created  by  the  death  of  Joseph  II.,  con- 

piratione  in  regard  to  the  regeneration  ferred  the  title  of  Count  of  the  Holy 

•f  Greece,  and  the  severe  attack  of  ill-  Roman  Empire,  by  the  right  belonging 

nesa  under  which  he  bad  been  suffer-  to   an  administrator,   under   such  cir- 

ing,  appeared,  for  a  time,  to  have  near-  cumstancea,  of  naming  two  Counts  dn- 

!t  discouraged  our  enthuuaatio  poet,  ring  the  peripd  of  his  administratioii. 

Ha  felt  faimaelf  unequal  to  any  literary  He  became  King,  in  his  later  years,  tiT-^  . 

•ffortiandptaaedayBarorlwoinrait-  the  graoe  of  N^eon,  and  waa  od8«<_,OOQ  IjC 


46t  Sarrt  Harring.  [Not. 

the  lut  German  lOTereJgos  to  abandon  Daring  hta  abode  in  Bavaria  he  had 
tba  caQM  of  his  patron.  The  Queen  miiten  three  plaji.  five  norels,  and  two 
was  an  Auainan  Princesa,  and  bad  narrative  poems.  la  Jannir;,  I9d5,he 
Slndied  politica  in  the  school  of  Melter-  left  Muoich,  and  went  to  Tisit  a  friend 
nich.  St  Tuiin.  On  his  arnTal  here  he  feH 
Sneh  vaa  the  compleztou  of  the  into  aoother  fit  of  despondency,  from 
court  at  which  Harro  waa  again  to  vhich,  however,  he  recovered  bimeelf 
■et  forth  under  anspices,  not  lessbril'  bj  a  vigorous  menial  eObrl,  and  wrots 
lisnt  than  those  which  sttended  hia  d£-  in  less  (ban  a  week  another  drama,  en- 
bnt  at  Dresden,  or  his  career  aa  a  poet  tilled  "  The  Student  of  Salamanca. " 
and  a  man  of  letters.  To  bis  euceesa  Ue  then  proceeded  toSwiizeriand, where 
in  thia  career,  eapeciallj  ai  a  dramatic  he  passed  some  monibs,  partlj  in  ex- 
writer,  the  compleEJon  of  the  court  was  ploring  the  magnificent  acener;  of  tlia 
not  a  matter  of  indifference,  for  in  the  Alps,  and  partly  in  preparing  fur  tha 
monarchies  of  Europe,  and  particularly  press  a  collei-iion  of  hia  poema,  which 
of  Germany,  the  theatre  is  a  depart-  was  published  in  five  small  volnmea  at 
ment  of  the  adminiatraiion,  and  a  poet  Ttirin  and  Luzerne.  In  the  beginning 
who  doea  not  enjoy  the  favor  of  the  of  October  he  left  Swilierland  with  the 
conrt,  has  no  chance  of  seeing  hia  inleetion  of  proceeding  to  Leipeie  Tot 
pieces  acted.  With  the  recovery  of  the  purpose  of  continuing  his  siudiea 
ms  health  Harro  had    recovered    his  at  the  University  ;  and  psssing  throagh 

SiitLta  and  literary  activity,  and  on  ar-  Augsburg  on  the  13ih  of  October,  the  an- 

ving  at  Manicb  bad  in  bis  portfolio  se-  nivEV^ary  of  the  birtb-day  of  the  king 

veral  poems,  including  a  drama  on  the  of  Bavaria,  reached  Mnnich  the  fdlow- 

nmggle  for  independence  and  liberty  in  ing  day. 

Greece,  entitled,  "  The  Maieoies"  {DU  On  bis  arrival  he  was  infonned  tbat 
Mainotten).  These,  it  will  be  recollect-  the  king  bad  died  suddenly  of  apopl«Kj 
ed,  are  the  modem  inhabitsnts  of  the  the  preceding  night.  Thia  event  chang- 
territory  of  the  ancient  Sparta.  Id  ed  again  hia  plan  of  operations.  It  waa 
June,  I8S4,  this  drama  Waa  brought  out  probable  tbat  the  accession  of  the  new 
at  the  Theatre  Royal  in  Munich,  and  sing  would  materially  improve  the  poU-  I 
represented  with  great  soccesi.  The  ticai  aspect  of  the  court,  and  affect,  in 
■ubject  was  popular  in  cooaequence  of  a  favorable  manner,  his  own  poeition.  | 
the  interest  generally  felt  in  the  for-  He  determined  in  consequence  to  re- 
tnnes  of  the  Greeka ;  and  the  author  of  main  at  Munich  ;  renewed  bis  acquaint- 
the  enccessful  tragedy  became  at  once  ance  with  his  old  friends,  and  resumed 
B  pablio  favorite.  Abonl  this  time,  his  poetical  and  literary  labors.  The  ad- 
however,  a  change  took  place  in  Ibe  <d-  ministration  of  the  theatre  remained  in 
ministration  of  the  theatre.  Baron  the  same  hands  as  before ;  bat  the 
Weichs,  who  hod  been  at  the  head  of  chamberlain,  who  waa  aware  of  Har- 
tbie  department,  and  who  had  been  very  to's  relations  with  the  court,  ao  far  re- 
friendly  to  Harro,  resigned  hia  place  lazed  from  his  former  system  as  lo  re- 
on  account  of  some  difference  with  the  ceive  bis  pieces,  snd  make  him  the  al- 
king,and  wassncceededinil  byanother  lowance  usually  granted  on  such  occa- 
Baron  of  a  mnch  more  conservative  siuns,  but  did  not  bring  them  out.  The 
character.  Id  consultations  that  now  king,  though  himself,  as  we  have  seen,  I 
took  place  at  coert  upon  the  selectioa  a  poet,  was  chiefly  occupied  with  hia 
of  the  pieces  to  be  repre^nted,  those  plans  of  buildmg,  scnipture,  and  paint- 
of  Harro  were  regularly  passed  over,  iog,  and  paid  but  little  atlentloa  to  ttie  | 
The  Queen,  who  bad  received  her  les-  theatre.  His  majesty,  however,  pretty 
■on  from  Vienna,  aaid,  on  one  of  these  soon  settled  the  qnestion  at  issue  be- 
oecRsions,  that  "she  did  not  wish  to  tween  the  director  and  Harro,  in  favor 
hear  hie  name  mentioned  in  her  pres-  of  the  latter,  by  extending  lo  him  nne- 
ence."  Thia  hint  was  sufficient  for  onr  quivocal  marks  of  personal  regard.  He 
conservative  Lord  Chamberlain,  and  waa  summoned  to  attend  the  king  at  * 
during  the  life  of  the  old  king,  ooihing  private  audience,  the  account  of  wbtek 
more  was  seen  or  heard  at  the  theatre  may  be  given  in  bis  owb  words, 
of Harro's  pieces.    After  paasing  nearly 

twoyear8atManiob,heatlength became        "In  ihebefinning  of  February,  1(526,1 

fttigned  with  this  treatment,  and  was  was  honored  with  an  orfer  from  the  king  [ 

determined  to  ehang*  hii  leaideDM.  to  attend  him  at  a  private  andieace  afl«        ^H^C 


1S44.]  Sttrrt  Hamag.  «• 

dinaer,  at  9  o'clock  in  the  kAernnoii.  A(  length,  in  the  spring  of  the  nm* 

The  conTemlion  luted  aboal  three  qnu-  year,  bis  play,  Tkt  Matnela,  was,  by 

ler»  of  an  hour,  and  luroed  chiefly  apon  royal  order,  brought  out  at  the  court 

the  affairs  of  Greece.    The  kin?  desired  theatre.     One  of  the  ting's  objects  in 

meljinromh.>nmwhalwayrtbon«hthe  ^dariog  it  to  be  teptewnled,  ww  no 

wnld  reader  the  most  effeclual  serT>cc  to  ^     ^^^  ^         ^^  ^^^    enthusUsm  of  iho 

the  Greek  eaqse.     I  replied,  that  arms  „„„„,.  ;    ,1..    .     .  „r  r-.^™-     i,,t  v,- 

and  ammaoiJon  were  Rr«tlr  needed,  and  P*"?'"  ""  }^^  '=*°»*  f  .'^^f"  '  ,'>"*,''5 

that  moch  good  miRht  be  done  by. kilfol  «PP«««.   «   Ke""*!.   »°   h»Te  treated 

and  experienced  officer*  of  inferior  rank,  Jj"5""",''   £'»?». Personal   kindnew. 

■who  wooW   nol   pretend  to  the    bigber  He  had  taken  lodginga  neat  the  palaca 

pom,  vbich  the  Greeks  are  not  willing  garden,  where  he  often  met  the  king 

to  see  in  the  hand*  of  foreigners.    It  vaa  i"  hia  walks.    He  wu  also  freqaenil  j 

Bot  yet  psblidy  known  that  the  king  had  sent  for  to  Ibe  palace,  and  was  evident- 

foctned  a  plan,   which   haa   since  been  ly  basking  in  the  full  sunehine  of  io;al 

esecnted,  of  placing  one  of  his  own  tons  laior.     If  he  had  had  a  little  more  of 

-npoB  the  throne  of  Greece.    The  king  the  oourtier  abont  him,  he  might,  pt«- 

then  spoke  of  mj  princelj  protector,  and  bably,  hsTe  arailed  himself  of  his  poai- 

of  hii  acquaintance  with  bim  dnring  tbelt  jj^a  in  such  a  way  as  to  make  a  brU- 

leiidence  at  Rorae,-npoo  the  fine  arts,  li^m  fotiuM.     The  natural  independ- 

and,    fin^lr,    upon    my    own    dramatic  ^„„  „f  j,;,  cbaracWr.  and   his  fixed 

S.t^;f  ltr^^^^::^^^^U^^:»  HiHo^l  principles, pr6;enledhim  from 

some  of  ttiem  actea,  as  soon  as  Ine  court  :,-         r      .  >i.r         li 

ahontd  be  oat  of  monming,  and  should  taking  advantage  of  the  faTOtable  oil- 


Iw  able  to  attend  the  theatre.     On  re- 


in   which    he    1 


tirii^,  be  reqaeited  me  to  come  and  im  P'«"^  '<>  P""''  ^^  *»X  * 

him,  telling  me  tfaat  I  shonld  obtain  ad-  "   "'      """  — ..~.. 
miltance  at  any  time  by  addretsiag  my- 
*etf  to  the  aide-de-camp  in 

A  general  invitatioa  to  the  king's  seems  to  baTe  been,  for  a  profess.- 

nriTate   apartments   it    eoasidered    in  liberalist,  a  little  tenacioos.     WhateTer 

Germanj — and,  indeed,  in  all  monar-  might   have   been   the   leault  had   he 

ebical  governnienls — as  no  trifling  mat-  remained  logger   at   Muoich,   for   the 

tet;  and  Hatro  found  himself  again  an  period   of   his    residence   was   hardl/ 

object    of   nniversal    attention.     The  sufficient   to  afford   opportunity  for   a 


conrtiers  assiduously  sought  his  ao-  fair  experiment  upon  the  king's  dispo- 
qoaintance.  Mothers,  who  bad  mat-  sition,  his  course  waa  again  very  sud- 
li&ffeable    daughters,    invited    him  to    denlj  changed  by  an  oTerture  Irom  a 


their  soiree*.    The  Jeaaita,  who  were    quarter  whence  he  had  least  expected 
in  great  favor  at  conit,  attempted  to    any  maik  of  at' 
CAnvett  him  to  the  Catholic  religion. 


In  the  month  of  July,  while  en^ged  tastes  and  habits,  would  be  more  ind«- 
in  his  poetical  and  literary  parsnits,  be  oeodenl  and  permanent  than  that  which 
wu  anrprised  by  an  inTitalion  from    be  occupied  at  Munich,  he  accepted 


Tbii  _  .  _  . 
had  been  recently  held  by  the  lamented  the  danger  that  something  might 
Kdrner,  and  at  a  former  period  by  the  to  arouse  its  suspicions.  His  arrange- 
still  mote  celebrated  Metastasio,  The  ments  for  departure  were  made  withoat 
Eroposilion  was  commonicaled  to  him  delay,  and  in  dae  time  he  arrived  safeJj 
y  the  manager  of  the  Munich  theatre,  at  Vienna, 
vbo  explained  the  conditions,  and  de-  Heafterwardsfelthimself  compelled 
■ired  him,  should  they  prove  agreeable,  to  believe,  that  this  proposal,  which 
to  enter  on  his  duties  immediately,  proceeded  ostenaihly  from  tbe  direction 
Vnderthe  impression  that  thissitualioQ,  of  the  theatre,  was  itself  a  mere  strata-. ^  1 
vhile  it  agreed  very  well  with  his  gem  of  the  police  to  bring  him  ■S*^\^jOOQIC 


470  BtHTO  Hmring.  [Nor. 

within  iheir  re&oh.    WhetheTthia  waa  that  if  W  would  pre  aoj  satiabctwy 

imJIj  tbe  CBM,  or  whatbei  t&ai  his  flridence  of  having  ehuiged  faia  riawa, 

•rriTal  &t  Vienna,  ho  had  by  any  im-  he  ahonld  hare  any  place  that  he  migbt 

prudence  rendered  himaelf  obuoxiona  prefer  io  the  Aoatrian  seirice,  eilfaer 

to  tbe  goTernmeot,  it  is  certain  that,  in  the  olEeee  at  horoe  or  the  foreign 

afker  a  few  montbs'  reaidenoe,  he  naa  lections.     Harro  took  do  notice   of 

Tsmovad  on  aome  evidently  frivolous  Ibis  Bugeeecion,  and  the   ceeottauoa 

pretence  from  his  place,  and  aboat  the  ended.    Id  the  month  of  March,  vbils 

same  time  aammonod  to  appear  at  the  atill  in  very  feeble  health,  he  was  ta> 

Eolice  office,  where  he  waa  interrogated  moved,  under  eaeort  of  a  sergeant-iiu- 
7  tbe  same  commissioiieTb  who  had  jor,  to  Prague,  on  the  way  to  the  bor- 
eiarained  him  in  tbe  year  1830.  After  dera  of  Saxony.  The  severity  of  tlw 
a  loDg  interrogatory,  and  the  exbibitioD  weather  and  the  fatigue  of  the  jouriMT 
of  various  doeuments  purporting  to  increased  his  illness,  snd  he  was  at- 
bave  been  extracted  from  the  archives  tacked  on  the  toad  with  htemorrhage. 
of  the  central  police  commiBBion  at  On  reaching  Prague,  be  was  at  first 
Menti,  he  waa  informed  that  be  could  refused  permission  to  remain  a  single 
be  permitted  to  remain  at  Vienna  only  day  ;  but  on  tbe  certificate  of  the  phy- 
on  condition  that  his  passport  ahonld  sician  of  the  University  that  his  health 
be  renewed '  every  fifteen  days.  He  made  it  absolutely  necessary,  he  waa 
had  previously  made  u^  hia  mind  eo  allowed  to  Btav  a  fortnight,  uoiler  strict 
fully  to  a  pennanent  residence  in  that  observation  at  tbe  police.  On  leceiv- 
city,  that  he  was  on  the  point  of  inviting  iag  this  peimUsion,  be  returned  to  hii 
bis  mother  to  come  on  from  Denmark  hotel,  and  retired  immediately  to  bed. 
and  take  i7p  her  abode  with  bim,  when  Details  like  diese,  while  they  aSoti 
be  received,  about  the  time  of  his  ar-  a  carious  picture  of  the  internal  admio- 
rest,  intelligence  of  her  death.  Tbe  istiation  of  the  Austrian  empire  in  ana 
■hock  occasioned  by  Ibia  event,  in  con-  of  its  most  important  branches,  at  ibis 
nectioo  with  the  agitation  created  by  period,  are  full  of  instruction  for  tbe 
the  fresh  persecutions  of  the  Austrian  citlzeoa  of  our  favored  country.  In 
police,  threw  him  into  a  violent  nervous  the  bitterness  of  out  indignation  at 
fever.  During  his  illness,  sentinels  the  abirses,  real  or  supposed,  wliicb  wa 
were  posted  at  his  door,  and  his  apart-  remark  in  the  working  of  onr  own  po- 
Inent  waa  visited  from  time  to  time  by  litical  systera,  we  are  sometimes  tempt- 
Ihe  agents  of  the  police,  who  made  a  ed  tu  forget  tbe  seeurity  " 
TSry  thorough  examination  of  bis  pa-  rigbta,  and  tbe  nndislurbe 
pers  and  efiects.  Before  he  was  well  afthe  entire  fruits  of  our  own  laovr, 
enough  to  leave  his  bed,  he  received  an  which  are  the  great  practical  resalts 
ordet  to  leave  the  Austrian  dominions  of  a  good  government,  and  which  wa 
within  ten  days.  This  Was  in  the  hare  never  ceased  to  enjoy  for  a  ino- 
month  of  January,  1S27.  The  phyai-  meat,  under  all  the  changes  of  policr  in 
oians  assured  him  thst  he  could  not  minor  matters  that  have  occurred  in 
obey  ihis  order  without  exposing  his  our  history.  A  citizen  of  some  dis- 
Lfe  to  imminent  danger,  and  upon  the  tinetion  once  remarked,  on  a  pnblio  oc- 
urgent  intercession  of  the  Danish  mi-  casion,  that  no  people  on  earth  wera 
nister  he  was  permitted  to  remain  till  ever  so  much  oppressed  and  trammed 
the  opening  of  the  spring.  His  apart-  on  by  their  government,  as  that  of  tfas 
meot  was  etill  besieged  by  the  spies  United  States.  The  immediata  groonl 
and  agents  of  the  police.  Among  these  of  his  complaint  was,  the  necessity  <tf 
was  s  bookseller,  who  representM  him-  paying  bis  postage  bills  in  specie  in- 
self  as  enjoying  the  confidence  of  the  atead  of  paper-money,  not  by  the  efiect 
direetOTof  the  police,  Count  Sziedlizki,  of  say  arbitrary  requisitions  of  the  gov- 
and  even  of  Mettemioh  himself;  and  emment,  but  by  the  legulsr  operatiiin 
who  appears  to  have  been  authorized  of  a  law  passed  at  the  suggestion  of  «w 
toaoundbimon  ihepartof  tbe  AoBtrian  of  his  own  party  associates.  A  very 
government.  This  person  told  him,  alight  experience  of  the  adDiinistration 
utat  Count  Sliedlizki  bad  remarked,  in  of  almost  any  othcF  country,  would 
speaking  of  Harro,  that  if  he  continued  probably  have  been  suffioient  to  corrwt  ! 
m  the  same  way  of  thinking  as  in  18S0,  the  error  of  this  and  other  censors  of 
he  would  not  pemii  bira  to  remain  in  the  same  description.  Without  nm-^ 
AtiBtriaif  he  were  hia  own  son;  but  ting  to  the  bistory  of  tba  aemi-buU-    (~)Qq|p 


16U.]  Barre  aarring.  471 

-tods  n&tiona  of  the  Eut,  which  icarce-  the  vieetojr,    Coiiiit  Choteek,  kod  to 

If  pietend  to  obaerTs  the  rules  of  hu-  the  militur  goTernoi,  who  wu  st  the 

manitj    ind  jaBtiee,    SBch  a    peraon  heid,  of  the    police.       The  Ticeiof 

might  derive  a  useful  tetsoo  from  a  treated  him  with  ancominOD  ciiUity, 


case  like  that  of  Harro,  in  which  under  and  expresaeil  his  Burpise  that  he  bad 

the  eye,  and  piobabiy  by  the  powerful  cot  been  employed  in  liie  public  eerrice. 

direction,  of  the  most  enlightened  aod  He  was  stioDslj  urged  to  remain  for 

dialing uished  of  the  legitimate  Btates-  eome  time  at  rragiiB>  and  by  Tirtae  of 

men  of  Europe,  a  young  man  of  un-  the  general  favor  witb  which  he  was 

blemished   characlei     and   uncommon  now  suitounded,  found  no  difficulty  ia 

literary  accomplishments,  was   perse-  obtaining    the    necessary   permission, 

cnled  for  fens  in  aucBCBsion,  watched,  though  etill  considered  aa  a  Slate  pri- 

arreeted,  inlerrogated,  impiisoned,  and  soner,   nnder   the   obserratioD   of  tha 

carted  about  from  country  to  country,  police. 

as  a  common  nnalefactor,  at  his  immi-  These  friendly  demonstrations  from 
nent  risk  of  health  and  life,  not  for  the  highest  political  and  military  au- 
having  done  or  attempted  anything  thorities  of  the  place,  were,  however, 
against  the  Austrian  goreinment,  but  in  the  ticw  of  Hstto,  as  nolhing,  in 
simply  for  holding  opinions  at  variance  comparison  with  the  kindness  and  sym* 
with  those  of  Prince  Metternich.  On  pathy  which  were  extended  to  him  bj 
the  other  hand,  it  may  not  be  amiss  to  the  faiier  portion  of  the  society.  Tba 
lecollact,  that  when  we  hate  or  despise  Polish  ladies  have  been  always  regard- 
oar  neighbors  merely  for  holding  opini-  ed  as  among  the  most  fascinating  in 
one  OB  religion  or  politics  at  variance  Europe,  uniting,  as  they  do,  tbehigaest 
with  oDr  own,  we  exhibit  an  intolerance  personal  graces  and  the  almost  refine- 
not  less  odious  and  criminal,  though  ment  and  elegance  of  manner  with  the 
happily  more  innocent  in  its  mode  of  noble  fianknees  that  naturally  indicates 
espieasion,  than  that  which  goTcrne  tha  a  lofly  and  generous  character.  No 
conduct  of  the  arbitrary  princes  of  En-  one  who  has  seen  them,  either  In 
lope.  their  own  conntiy  or  in  the  polished 
In  the  capital  of  Bohemia,  the  nnfor-  circles  of  Che  other  courts  of  Europe, 
tunate  poet  found  himself  an  object  of  carrying  ofT  with  ease  the  palm  of 
marked  attention.  He  had  formed  grace  and  beauty  from  all  competitors, 
some  friends  there  on  his  first  visit  in  who  has  read  in  the  multifanous  me- 
1830 ;  and  the  interest  with  which  he  moira  of  the  last  century  the  accounts 
bad  then  inspired  them,  had  been  kspt  of  the  eSects  of  their  influence,  wQl 
alive,  from  lime  to  time,  by  the  succes-  hesitate  to  acknowledge  the  justice  of 
aire  publication  of  his  poems,  of  which  this  eulogy.  These  charming'  ciea- 
ten  or  twelve  volumes  were  now  in  tufes  now  crowded  round  the  sick  bed 
print.     The  condition  in  which  he  ar-  of  Harro,  overwhelmed  him  with  the 


rived,  a  state  prisoner  under  military  warmest  demonatrations  of  sympathr, 
escort,  persecuted  for  his  opinions,  and  and,  when  his  health  was  resloreo,  wel- 
safiering  in  his  health,  converted  this  comed  him  with  brotherly  and  siaterlj 
feeling  ofsimple  interest  into  one  of  the  familiarity  to  their  caslles  and  palaces. 
tenderesl  and  warmest  sympathy,  espe-  In  one  of  their  families,  in  particular, 
cially  in  the  hearts  of  the  gentler  sex,  of  the  highest  rank — the  name  of  which 
The- aristocracy  of  Bohemia — as  hap-  is  jndicionsly  suppressed — and  of  which 
pens  in  moat  countries  that  are  govern-  the  prominent  members  were  a  most 
ed  u  dependent  provinces — were  not  accomplished  mother  and  two  lovely 
particularly  partial  to  the  policy  of  the  daughters,  be  appears  to  have  been 
inling  State.  It  was,  in  their  eyes,  no  received  on  a  still  more  confidential 
unpardonable  crime  not  to  enjoy  the  footing  than  in  the  others,  and  to  have 
fivOT  of  Prince  Metternich.  The  young  formed  an  attachment  of  a  deeper  and 
men  and  ladies  of  tba  highest  families  more  abiding  character  than  mere 
were  acquainted  with  Uie  poetry  of  friendship — which,  at  the  time,  he  bad 
Hario,  and  now  sought  with  eagerness  reason  to  flatter  himself  was  not  whol- 
tbe  society  of  its  author.  While  yet  If  unreqailed,  and  whirb  had  a  marked 
confined  to  his  bed,  he  received  the  influence  on  his  subseiiuent  course  la 
visits  of  many  of  the  most  distinguish-  life.  In  the  midst  of  these  blandish- 
ed persons  in  the  city,  and,  as  soon  as  menis,  the  seven  months  of  bis  real- 
Jua  nealtb  permitted,  was  presented  to  dence   I     ~ 


t  Pxague    passed    ins«naibIjrr~'QQQ|  p 


-41^  Bern  Htrrins.  [Nor.. 

amji  and  rithoagh  die  deligMfol  lecaratl  wills  and  gBleaortlie  faitroMr 
dreuD  in  which  he  then  indulged,  was  and  ia  eluding  the  observatioii  of  tbo 
deitined  neTer  lo  be  Tealized,  he  hat  five  sentries  whnm  he  was  obliged 
■IvajB  looked  back  upon  (his  period  aa  aocceaslTely  lo  pau,  before  arriting  at 
the  golden  moment  in  hia  varied  and  the  apanment  of  the  prisoner*,  he  hs» 
generatlj  anzioua  life.  not  explained.  It  is  welt  known,  how- 
The  attention  of  Hano  was  not,  ever,  that  bars  and  bolts  of  iron  gir« 
bowsTer,  eniiielr  enp-ossed,  during  way  before  the  influence  of  a  mor* 
hiaieBldenceat  I^raguBiby  the  flwcina-  sedactiie  metal,  tbo  lustre  of  which 
tions  of  (he  attractive  social  circle  in  ocoaaionallj  daziles  the  eyes  of  tbs- 
wbich  he  movad.  I  have  already  had  most  sharp-sightod  sentriei. 
Dccvioo  to  remark,  that  Prince  Aiez-  Having  placed  himself  in  eotnoMitii- 
ander  Ypsilanti,  who  waa  at  the  head  cation  with  the  prisoners,  Hano  took 
of  a  select  corps,  to  which  he  gave  the  charge  of  tbeir  correspondence.  ThH 
name  of  (he  lacred  band,  opened  the  waa  carried  on  through  (be  medinm  ot 
Greek  revolution  on  Ibe  1st  of  Janoary,  a  Russian  lady  residing  at  Vienna,  who 
IB31,  was  defeated,  and  his  troops  bad  been  from  her  vonth  npward  aa 
broken  np.  Compelled  to  take  refage  intimate  friend  of  the  Princesa.  JXt 
In  the  Aositian  territory,  he  was  there  regard  to  their  escape,  two  plans  pre* 
received  with  the  same  sort  of  bospi-  seoted  themselves,  aad  it  was  ihongbt 
tslit;  which,  five-and -twenty  years  best  to  make  arrangements  with  a  view 
before,  had  been  extended,  under  the  to  both,  in  order  that  on  the  failure  of 
same  circomstaocea,  to  onr  own  illns-  either,  resort  might  be  had  to  the  other. 
trious  LafayeKe — the  hospitality  of  One  was  predicated  on  the  interest 
imprisonment  in  a  dungeon.  The  supposed  to  be  felt  by  the  King  of 
Prince,  with  his  two  brothers,  and  Bavaria  in  the  Greek  eaase,  and  coo- 
George  Lassanes,  a  native  of  Olympns  temptaled  that  Ypsilanti  should  tak» 
in  Thessaiy,  and  a  distinguished  poet,  refnge,  in  the  first  instance,  at  Municfa, 
iverfl  confined  for  five  years  in  the  where  it  was  presnmed  that  he  wontd 
castle  of  Mnnkacz  in  Hnngary,  after  be  protected  by  the  King.  The  other 
which  they  were  transferred  to  that  of  plan  was  to  be  carried  into  eSeet  | 
Thereeienstadt,  about  seven  leagues  through  the  aid  of  the  Russian  lady 
f^om  Prague,  near  the  frontier  of  Sa-  alluded  to  before.  The  former  waa  , 
Toy.  Inspired  with  a  aeat  similar  to  considered  the  more  feaaible  one,  and  I 
that  which  was  felt  by  Huger  and  was  that  which  chiefly  occupied  tbo 
fiolleman  for  the  delivery  ofLafay-  attention  of  the  parties  concerned.  In 
ette,  Harro  determined  to  attempt  the  going  to  Bavaria  it  was  necessary  to 
rescue  of  these  interesting  prisoners,  pass  the  frontier  of  Savoy,  and  for  this 
Though  himself  under  strict  observa-  purpose  to  have  an  understandinK  with 
tion,  and  not  permitted  to  leave  the  the  eomnnandant  of  a  detachment  of 
neighborhood  of  the  city,  he  found  Austrian  troops  which  were  stationed 
means  to  commonicate  with  them,  and  at  several  posts  along  the  road.  Har- 
even  to  visit  thatn  in  their  place  of  ing  reached  the  frontier,  the  priaann' 
ponfinemeut.  Aa  he  often  passed  might  cross  it  without  a  paaaport,  in 
several  days  in  succession  at  the  conn-  the  disguise  of  a  peasant  of  the  neigh- 
try  residences  of  hia  friends,  an  occa-  borhood.  In  arranging  these  paniea-  i 
■ionai  excursion  from  the  city  was  not  lars  it  was  thought  that  there  would  bo  I 
ft  caase  of  suspicion.  When  he  wished  do  great  difficulty.  In  order  to  aecirra  I 
to  visit  the  prisoners  he  lefl  town  at  the  goad  graces  of  the  King  of  BaTaria, 
night,  snd  repaired  to  the  castle  of  an  Harro,  who  had  been  authorized  hj 
KOq^oidntance  not  very  fat  horn  that  in  His  Majesty  to  correspond  with  fain, 
which  they  were  confined.  Thus  far  wrote  him  a  letter  on  the  aubiect ;  an^ 
the  agents  of  the  police  would  general-  not  caring  to  submit  it  to  the  mspeetion 
ly  follow  him,  but  having  no  suspicion  of  the  Uaek  bureaa  in  the  Austrian 
of  his  communications  with  Ypsilanti,  Post-office,  enveloped  it  in  a  roll  of 
either  returned  to  the  city  or  continued  tobacco,  which  he  entrusted  to  a  ladj, 
their  watch  with  so  little  vigilance,  the  wife  of  an  officer  in  the  army,  who 
thtX,  under  cover  of  the  night,  be  found  was  going  to  Italy  by  way  of  Muaieh, 
no  difficulty  in  reaching  Theresien-  and  undertook  to  deliver  it  to  a  person 
stadi.  In  what  way  he  succeeded  in  in  the  King's  confidence,  to  whom  it 
offitoiing  a  paasage  ihrongh  the  well-  waa  addressod.      The  lady  waa  not 


gle 


16U.]  Bam  Bmrtmg.  iTt 

nukde    uqnmiBUd   with   the    MfaBiBB,  boob  with  him,  sad  whila  thers,  lant  il 

althoagh  she  wsa  awu«  that  the  roll  to  i.  I&dy  of  his  aequaiotancB.    WhJls 

eootamed    letlen.     Harro    dftres   not  in  her  hands,  it  fell  under  the  obMTT»- 

Teolure  to  mention  the  name  of  this  tiaa  of  a  secret  agent  of  the  polieet 

obli^ng  Ikir  one,  nor  even  the  country  belonging  to  the  highest  olwaofsooie* 

to    which    she    belonged,    thoogh    he  tjr,  who  at  once  drew  the   oonelDsioB, 

dasoTibeaher  aaapenonorthehigheit  that  there   was  an  nnderstandiiiK  of  ' 

elasa.     Similar  tneana  had  preriouslj  some  son  between  the  Prince  and  Hu- 

beoD  resorted  to   in  canning  oa  the  to.    The  police  were  verj  soon  ontlw. 

fHtTTespondence  of  the  priBoners  with  alert,  and  a  day  or  two  after,  he  wu 

Tienna,  and  with  the  mother  of  Ypei-  ioformed  at  the  theatre  by  one  of  his 

Unli  in  Bessanbia.    In  this  paasage  friends — a    oaTalry    officer — that  his 

of  his  notes,  Harro  takes  tho  opportu-  person  was  in  danger,  and  that  he  moat 

nity  to  acknowledge  with  gratitude  the  make  his  escape  at  once, 
kind  Bssiatanoe  which  he  hsa  nniformlj        The  moat  painful  ordeal  was  that  of 

reeeired  iioder  all  Uie  trials  and  emer-  parting   with  hie   fair  friends  of   thtt 

genoies  through  which   he  has  been  nameless  (amity.     One  uf  them,  to  ibe 

called  to  pasa,  fh)m  the  sei,  which,  as  eonrse   of  the   ooDTeraadoo,    inqaired 

Seott  so  well  ramarke,  however  "nO'  what  would  beoome,  afler  his  depart- 

eertain,  eoy   sod  hard   to  please,   in  nra,  of    the  prisoners  at  Thereaies* 

•QT  happiest  mooienta,  never  fails  to  stadtl    Harro  was  straok  with  aaton- 

appear,  in  times  of  pain,  licknesa  and  ishment  at  this  qneation,  hSTing  nevsr 

dutress  of  any  kin<C  as  a  ministering  eomraanieated  to  these,   or  any  of  his 

aagel."  other  frieoda  at  Prague,  with  a  single 

As  the  lime  appKnchad  for  the  exe-  exception,  the  secret  of  bis  plan.  Ha 
ention  of  the  plan,  it  was  thonght,  on  inquired  in  what  way  aha  had  beard 
eouaidering  the  details,  that  there  of  his  intercoarae  ivtth  Ypailanti. 
ironld  belesarisk  ofrailutsifthepris-  "  Fear  nothing,"  replied  the  lady, 
osers  left  the  fortreia  separately.  A  "  The  person,  from  whom  I  reeeiTM 
struggle  then  arose  between  them,  as  the  information,  so  far  as  I  know,  is 
to  which  of  them  shoold  be  the  first  to  the  only  other  ens  acqusinted  with  ths 
esoape — neither  being  willing  to  abao-  secret ;  and  ahe,  I  am  sure,  can  be  de- 
don  the  otheta.  They  had  been  com-  pendedontokeepyontcoansel."  This 
panions  in  imprisonment  for  aCTeo  wsa  the  younger  sister,  a  loiely  eras- 
years,  two  of  which  Lissanes  had  tare,  who  waa  present  at  the  interTiew, 
passed  in  ehains.  Unfortnnately,  and  who  was,  it  seems,  an  adept  in  tbs 
the  occaaion  for  bringing  this  friendly  art  or  science,  which  passes  under  ths 
contest  to  a  deeision,  noTer  occurred,  name  of  Mesmeritm.  From  the  intei- 
At  the  moment  when  the  plot  was  est  felt  by  the  femily  in  Harro,  she  had 
ripe,  a  slight  impmdenoe  on  the  part  of  been  led,  while  in  the  somnambulai 
Ypsilantihimselfeiciled  the  suspicion  state,  to  accompany  him  in  the  spirit 
of  the  Austrian  police,  and  defeated  the  npon  one  of  his  excursions  to  the  for- 
wbole  arrangement.  trass  of  Tberesienatadt ;    and  though 

Od  one  of  his  visits  to  the  prisoners,  she  had  never  been  there  in  the  flem, 
Hmto  had  given  to  Ypsilanti  a  volome  now  described,  minutely,  the  iniarior  of 
of  his  poems,  npon  a  blank  leaf  ot  the  castle,  and  the  varioos  obstaclss 
which  tbe  Prince  nad  written  some  ver-  which  he  had  been  compelled  to  eiw 
ses  addressed  to  the  author.  It  so  oonnterinreschingtheMis^MMra: — thns 
Inpprnod  that  Ypsilanti,  who  had  adding  another  to  the  long  list  of  map- 
served  as  an  officer  of  hussars  in  tbe  veU  of  this  description,  whioh,  whether 
Russian  army  daring  the  war  for  the  we  consider  them  as  fuonded  in  f^  n 
independence  of  Germsny,  had  lost  his  fiction,  seem  to  beeqaallj  inei[dicaUa. 
right  arm  at  the  imUie  of  Dresden  in  It  is  not,  perhaps,  surprising  that,  aftei 
1813,  and  was  obliged,  in  consequence,  this  renewed  eiperience  of  the  efficacy 
to  write  with  his  left  hand.  Hi*  chi-  of  Meimeriim,  Harro  shonld  have  re- 
TOgraphy  was  of  course  very  peculiar,  raaioed  a  firm  believer  in  its  reality, 
sod  was  reeogniied  at  once  by  any  one  It  appears,  in  fact,  that  he  has  tested 
who  had  ever  seen  it  before.  Having  its  imtb  on  various  other  occasions,  of 
obtained  permission  to  visit  the  baths  at  which  he  promises  a  particdar  accoant 
Toe^iti  nnder  escort  of  the  police,  in  a  separate  work.  /-  ~-  I 
TpeilMiti  bad   aocideatally  taksn  bis        Aftei  psiting  with  hisftiends,  Hart*  ^^jOOQ  I C 


4T«                                         iranwOMfv  [Nor. 

.  left  Pngae,  ud  uriT«<l  Mfelj  kt  Ma-  preaenoe.     Ha    »ftennid*   Mcaaip»- 

nich,  in  Ootober,    1827.     He  tmine-  nied  them  on  Lbsir  praBeQUticu  to  ths 

diatelj  made  Icnowa  to  ihe  Kiae  the  king.    Ypsilanli  soon  titer  want   to 

unn^menis  for  the  ewftpe  of  Ypai-  Paris,  &nd  Lwaanoa    reoiainad  witk 

lanti,  ID  a  writtea  comoiunicatioD,  tram-  Harra  at  Munich.     He  is  described  hj 

mittwlto  his  mBjesi;,  through  ibe  rae-  Hairo   aa  a  penoo  of  eziiaordiuaij 

dinm  of  his  sida-de-camp,   the  PriacB  lalenl  and  eoargy,  the  soul,  as  it  ware, 

of  Taxis;  and,BhorUy  after,  waa  admit-  of  the  Greeii  Ilelairia,  or  bio^erbood, 

.ted  to  an  audience-    The  King,  how-  which  began  the  icTolutioD.     Dttiing 

eveT,  did  not  enter  npon  the  aobjact,  their  stay  at  Mnnich,  the  two  friends 

which  Hano,  according  lo  ^e  etiquette  and  brother  poets  wrote  ti^ethei  a 

i^Merved  in  the  courts  of  Europe,  was  drama  in  Gorman  upon  the  events  tB 

not  at  liberty  himself  to  introduce,  so  Greece,  under  the  title  of  the  "  Rene- 

that  nothing  was  said  about  it  in  the  con-  gade  in  the  Horea."     [Der  lUrugat 

VeiSBlion  that  passed  on  the  occaBion.  auf  Marea.) 

Subsequent  events  in  the  liistory  of  Thus  tetminated  this  interesting 
Europe,  have  shown  that  the  King  of  little  episode  in  the  great  revolution- 
Bavaria  had  plana  of  his  own  in  regard  ary  epic  of  our  contemporary  biatoiy. 
to  the  ai^Ts  of  Greece,  which  might  Had  Ypsilanti  succeeded  in  affecting 
not,  peihapa,  have  been  promoted  by  the  his  escape,  the  st^te  of  bis  healtk 
release  of  this  disiinguished  martyr  in  would  probably  have  prevented  faim 
the  cause  of  Greek  independence ;  who,  from  exercising  muoh  influence  in  tfaa 
item  the  importance  of  his  family,  his  afiaira  of  Greece,  so  that  the  failure  of 
high  personal  qualities,  and  his  devo-  the  plot  had  no  very  important  practi- 
tion  to  his  country,  was  generally  look-  cal  results.  The  conduct  of  the  King 
ed  to  by  the  friends  of  Greece  as  the  of  Bavaria  can  liardlir  be  considered 
probable  President  of  a  future  Greek  very  creditable  to  bim,  although  it 
republic.  Whether  the  King  commu-  would  perhaps  be  un&ir,  without  foi- 
nicatedtotbe  Anstrianeabinettheinfor-  ther  evidence  than  what  can  be  guh- 
maJioD  received  from  Harro,  or  whether  ered  fr<Hn  the  notes  of  Harto,  to  sup- 
tbat  cabinet  acted  merely  upon  the  pect  him  of  positive  treachery.  On  I 
anspieion  inspired'  bv  the  discovery  the  proceedings  of  the  Anstrian  oabi- 
of  a  personal  relation  Mtween  him  and  net,  it  is  impossiUe  to  pass  so  mild  , 
Ypsilanti,  it  appears  liiat  imnted lately  a  sentence. 

aiter  his  departure  from  Prague,  the  Charity  herself  can  look  with  no  ' 
priaonors  were  removed  to  the  Empe-  other  feeling  than  unmingled  deteata- 
rnr'a  residence,  in  Vienna,  where  they  tion  npon  the  seizure,  imf^'iaoomeot 
were  still  more  closely  watched  than  and  virtual  assassination,  by  a  Christiaa 
before.  Alexander  Ypsilanti  hid  been  prince,  of  one  of  the  aobtest  and  moat 
Boffering  for  some  time  with  an  afiec-  accomplished  young  men  in  Greeoe, 
tion  of  tiim  heart.  The  fatigue  of  this  for  no  other  crime  than  tliat  of  attempt- 
journey  aggravated  his  illness,  and  iog  to  rescue  his  country  from  Um 
three  months  aAer,  in  January,  18^8,  yoke  of  a  ferocious  foreign  despotiam, 
be  died  at  Vienna.  and  on  do  better  pretence  than  a  wish  j 
In  conaequence  of  the  correspond-  to  maintain  the  existing  atate  of  ' 
«Dce  which  had  passed  between  the  things, — a  position  which  would  have 
prisoners  and  the  Princess  Ypsilanti,  been  eqaalty  valid,  if  Ypsilanti,  instead 
Arough  the  bands  of  Hano,  steps  of  seeking  to  liberate  his  ceuntry,  bd 
were  taken,  by  the  effect  of  which  the  been  trying  to  eradicate  the  ^agse 
bretlien  and  Laesanes  were  set  at  from  ConMantinopte. 
lU>etty.  The  elder  of  the  two  surviv-  Harro  employed  the  winter  in  writ- 
ing princes  went  to  Besssisbia  to  Join  ing  memoirs  of  his  life,  in  the  form  of 
his  mother  and  sister.  The  younger,  a  £etitiaas  narrative,  intended  chieDj 
Prineo  Nicholas,  accompanied  by  Las-  for  the  peruealof  his  friends  at  Prague, 
■Bnea,proeeededtoHuniob,whereHar-  In  Apru  of  the  following  year  be  leam- 
ro  had  the  aatiahction  of  seeing  them  on  ed  the  death  of  the  youngest  of  the 
their  arrival.  So  eacer  were  they,  in  two  sisters,  to  whom  allusion  has  bee« 
bet,  to  thank  their  deliverer,  that  be-  made.  She  had  been  for  some  time  in 
fore  getting  ont  of  the  ttsvelliug  car-  a  feeble  atate  of  health,  and  the  result 
liage,  in  which  they  arrived,  they  de-  seems  lo  show,  that  ber  mttmerie  gifts 
^patched  a  measei^er  to  request  his  were  eoaneolad,  aa  appears  to  Im  the 


.?le 


ISM.]  Print  am*  ef  (Mtk  4Tf 

MM  in  mMt  odwr  iMtuon  of  tb«  unj,  »ni  aiii»(ar  ta  obtun  «  mon- 

•une  kind,  wiih  ^moriiid  oondition  of  ntMion  in  ths  Mirice.     Id  •ddition  la 

tbo  pbjaiekl  conKitution.     The  ¥pai>  th«    politioal  mottTo  foi  uking   thia 

Had  fuDily   bad  vrgti   Harm  to  M-  coutae,  he  was  not  without  liope  thkt 

cept  B  donation  of  a  put  of  their  poa-  after  a  ■uecesifLtl  campaigD  agatoM  tha 

eeaaioiia  id  Greece  in  retDro  for  hi*  Tnrki,  he  might  reiarn,  in  the  uoifonB 

diaiatereBtad  effoiU  for  their  relief;  bat  of  a  RDMian  officer,  Dnder  belter  •ua- 

this  be  deelined.      He  also  declined  picea  thui  thoae  nbich  attended  hi* 

the  piapoaal  of  Laaaanes  to  aeconpaoT  former  risit,  to  the  capital  of  Bohe-    i 

him  to  hie  reaidenoe  in  Theaaaly .  Tto  mis.  He  coniulted  his  friend  Laasaoaa 

GmpeiOT  of  Rnaais,  who  alood  before  oo   the   subject,   and    after    obtainiaK 

Europe   in  the  attitnde  of   the  great  hie  conaeet,  deapatohed  a  coDfideDliu 

champien  and  protector  of  the  Greek  messenger   to  Pragae  to  inform  hia 

canae,  waa  at  this  time  prepanag  to  friends   of  hia   plan.      He   then   took 

make  war  upon  Turkej.     The  deep  leave  of  Munich,  and  set  forth  by  way 

intereat  which  Harto  bad  tskeo  in  the  of  Nniemberg,  Dresden,  Brealan  ana 

aSkira  of  Greece,  and  which  woe  still  Waraaw   for   Jasay, — then  the   head- 

his  predominant  passion,  now  deter-  qusrtera  of  the  Russian  army, 
mined  him  to  repair  to  the  Baasian 

(To  be  concluded  in  our  rust.) 


PRESENT  STATE  OF  CUBA. 

Wi  insert  below  a  Memorial,  which  on  internal  evidence,  as  the  work  of  one 

has   recently    been   addressed   to   the  who  is  thoroughly  scqaainted  with  tha 

Spanish  GoerDment,  on  the  present  aobjeet,  and  handles  it,  in  every  respect, 

slste  of  Cuba,  by  a  native  of  the  Island,  with  a  perfect  mastery.     Vfe  coneidet 

now  travelling  la   Europe,  and  which  it,  indeed,  as  no  slight  evidence  of  the 

has  not  before  been  published.    We  recent  progress  of  improvement  in  this 

are  JDdebted  for  a  manuscript  copy  to  a  noble  Island,  to  find  such  a  paper  going' 

foreign  correspondent.    It  will  be  rettd  up  to  the  seat  af  government  from  the 

with  interest,  as  well  on  account  of  its  cabinet  of  a  citizen,  not  employed  in 

statements  of  important  facta,  not  ge-  political  a&ira  :  and  we  trust  that  it 

nerally  known,  as  of  the  view  that  it  will  be  received  at  Madrid  with  the  at- 

givee  of  the  character  ofpublie  opinion  tenlion  due  to  its  merit  and  to  the  great 

in  the  Island.    The  name  of  the  author,  importance  of  the  subject, 
who  is  one  of  the  most  intelligent  and        We  incline,  indeed,  to  the  opinion, 

accomplished  inhabitants  of  the  colony,  that  the  memorial,  which  was  present^ 

would  add  weight  to  bis  opinions  ;  but,  ed  some  months  sgo,  hss  already  prO- 

althooeh  there  is  nothing  in  the  memo-  doeed  some  practical  results,    it  ii^- 

rial  which  is  not  highly  creditable  to  peara  by  the  last  aeconnts  from  Hav»- 

fais  discretion,  as  well  as  ts  his  tslenta  ns,  that  steps  hsve  recently  been  taken 

and  information,  we  deem  it  improper,  by  the  government  to  encourage  fajr 

without  his  express  permission,  to  plsce  boonties  and  priies  the  introduction  of 

bim  personallv  before  the  poblie.    The  while  laborers.*    This,  it  will  be  seen, 

memorial  will  be  recognized,  at  once,  ia  one  of  the  meaaores  recommended    . 

•  FaoM  H4V*KA. — The  Hesl  Jnnts  de  Fomento  hsvi  proposed  •  number  of  prize^ 
some  of  which  are  worth  mentioning.  One  of  $1,300  to  each  of  the  three  first  own. 
ers  of  idMitatkins,  who  shsU,  during  the  Tears  1846,  1848  and  1847,  settle  on  their 
tsiuts  fifty  white  ibnilies,  provided  with  sll  the  neeesuiry  implemsBts  of  sgriculture. 
Six  thoassnd  dollan  to  each  of  the  three  first  sugar  planters  who,  within  the  saota 
period,  Jhall  settle  2C  white  fscoilies,  in  lot*— one  half  of  these  settlera  to  plant  the 
sugar  cane.  Twenty  tfaoussnd  doUu*  to  the  individual  who  will  cultivate,  within 
the  same  period,  a  sagar  plantstion,  ptodncing,  annoally,  45,000  arrobu  of  angar 


Google 


47e                                      J>rttint  Stttt  of  CtOa.  [Hoc. 

hj  the  writer  of  the  Hemorial.     Fox  entirety  Htapondod.    UofortQiutel;  tba 

flureelvea,  we  eoneider  sll  sttempte  of  liberal  ideu  that  prevailed  Tor  soma 

this  kind  vsluible,  rather  ea  eTidenca  time  in  the  adminiitratian  of  the  Iil«nd, 

of  an  improved  state  of  feeling  in  the  seem  to  hire  been  exahinged  forothvra 

goTernment,  than    aa  likelj  in  them-  of  a  directl]'  opposite  clwractei ;  *d4 

■eUea  lo  produce  &iij  important  effect,  the  colony  now  BtrnggleH,  like  s  i^obbC 

A  jnat  and  liberal  system  of  ^Ternnent  Riant  in  felterv,  with  a  weight  of  ap- 

and  administratioD  is  the  only  lore  that  preesion,  naparalleled,  io  Botne  putica- 

will  bring  men  to  a  foreign  connlry,  as  Jars,  in  tho  hietory  of  the  world.     A 

it  u  the  only  principle  of  the  incieaae  white  population  of    less  Ihaa  fa»lf  a 

of  wealth  and  popalation  at  home.     Let  million  is  sabjected  to  an  anDual  tax  of 

the  netropolitan  goveinment  lestore  to  more  than  twelve  millions  of  Spajiish 

tiie  Island    the  representation  in  the  dollars,  hard  money.     No  saeh  ezi«Di 

Cortes,  of  which  it  has  been,  wilhont  a  of  tas»tian  was  ef  er  heard  of  befbi«  ia 

pretence  of  right  or  xeaaoo,  deprived  ;  any  age  or  coontry.     Even  this  burden, 

encourage  the  efforts  of  patriotic  and  however,  if  a  proper  use  were  made  ot 

enlightened  eitiiene  lo    improve  the  the  money  eolleeted,  might  beeotne  a 

state  of  education  and  to  diffuse  know-  Ueseing ;  bnt  with  so  ample  a  TOTem* 

ledge  among  the  people,  instead  of  re-  at  her  lU^Misal^othing  whatever  k  done 

warding  them,  as  it  has  hitherto  done,  by  the  rotemment  for  the  improvenwBt 

by  imprisonment  or  exile  ;  rednee  the  of  the  Island.    Not  a  good  rtnd  ia  to  be 

enormous  daties  \hu  now  crush  the  found  in  it,  excepting  one  or  two  rail* 

trade  of  the  Island  in  some  of  its  most  roads  recently  eonstnieted  by  private 

important    branches;     supprees   bond  corporations; — hardly  a  public  echoed.* 

^e  the  dready  prohibited  slave  trade;  Of  the  vast  amount  leviea  upon  the  peo- 

eetablieh,  under  proper  le^al  restraiDts,  pie,  about  half  is  Bent  home  to  Msilrid : 

the  liberty  of  speech,  writing,  and  ac-  the  other halfiseraployedinkeepingnp 

tion  ;  substitute,   in  short,  a  oivilised  the  esUblishroenta  and  paying  thetroopa 


and  Christian  ejrstem  of  administration    by  whom  it   is  collected,  Tirtually  a 

for  the  present  Algerine  despotism;    the  point  of  the  bayonet. 

and  there  will  be  no  necessilj  for  boun-        Under   ordinary   ciceumstancea    the 


ir  prizes  to  invite  foreigners  into  a  suppression  of  the  right  of  rcpreaenta- 

legiou,  which,  though  man  has  made  tion  by  an  arbitrary  act  of  the  Cortes  ia 

a  prisoa  of  it,  God  intended  for  aP&ra-  open  aefiaaceof  theconatitntion,  woold 

dise.  have  occasbned,  as  it  would  certainly 

The  situation  of  Cuba  is,  at  the  pre-  have  justified,  an  immediate  deelaraiioe 

sent  moment,  under  every  point  of  view,  of  independence.    Notwithstanding  this 

exceedingly  iutaresting.     The  first  ef-  provocation  the  inhabitants  of  the  Islaad 

feet  of  the  revolution  which  deprived  have  thus  far  given  evidence  of  a  fidel- 

Spain  of  her  vast  possBBsions  on  the  ity  for  which  the  mother  coontry  Ins 

continent  of  America,  was  favorable  to  every  reason  to  be  grateful,  and  which 

Cubs.     The  liberal  system  adopted  by  merited  a  different  return.     The  geft- 

the  metropolitan  government  in  author-  eral  prosperity  resulting  from  the  opeo- 

izing  a  representation  of  the  Island  in  ing  of  the  ports,  and  which  contrasted 

the  Cortes,  and  opening  the  ports  to  so  favonAly  with  the  confused  coodl- 

foreign  trade,  at  ones  secured  its  de-  tion  of  the  new  Slates  on  the  cantineDlt 

pendenee  and  gave  a  new  impalse  to  its  checked  for  the  time  all  thoaght  of  m- 

prasperity.    After  lingering  out  a  pe-  paration :  and  even  now  the  most  en- 

riod  of  nearly  three  centuries  in  a  sort  lightened  and  patriotic  citistns  arewil- 

ofetagnation,  it  no<v  started  forward  in  ling  and  anxious  that  the  connexion 

the  race  of  improvement,  with  a  rapidi-  with  Spain  should  be  continued  for  aa 

tj  not  unlike  what  we  have  seen  in  our  indefinite  period.     They  only  wish  ta 

own  eoDntry,  and  which,  onder  all  the  possess   the  share  in  the  government 

present  disadvantiges,  is  far  frod  being  which  is  secured  to  them  by  the  letter 

purified  breoacentratioa  or  in  a  vacnnm— the  eane  to  be  enltiTatsd  excloilvely  hr 
thirty  while  familiei,  powesiiiis  eaeh  a  certain  neasare  of  groBnil.    Tbere  are  a 
number  of  other  heavy  prices  offered  for  the  heal  machinery  for  parity  ing  aad  boiUaf 
■agar,  for  the  improvement  of  the  breed  of  horses,  fcc> — ^>  O-  Bet,St^.  10. 
.    ■  See  on  the  5faJi  of  Educalioa  in  Cvbi,  an  artiele  is  the  Southern  Quartwly  Be- 

,»,.fo,  April.  jMi  LiOoqIc 


18M.]  Prttent  StaU  »f  Ovta.  477 

ttf  the  Conttitntion  u  mil  aa  lbs  plain-  sen.    We  attribnte  to  this  mothe  quite 

est  dictatea  of  DstnTxl  juatica,  and  ta  be  aa  macb  influence  as  to  the  cnpiditj  of 

treated  bj  the  motber  coantry,  not  aa  the  plinten  aad  alave-tradeK,  in  per- 

tbejr  hare  bitheno  been,  like  gaUey-  Htuating  the  eaaatant  importation  of 

^Tea,  but  like  ChriatiaD  men.  black*,  which  so  seriously  thTeaiene  the 

The  diffiduliies  in  tbe  preseot  atata  futara  tranqaillitj  of  the  laland. 
of  the  Island  have  been  very  maoh  in-        Not   coatent   with  their  formal  eo- 

eieaaed  by  tbe  injadicioas  and  DnfoitO'  eroachments  upon  the  national  iodepea- 

iiate,thi>nghpos8ibly  well-intended,  in-  denoe,  Gteat  Britain  haa  inteifered  fai 

teiferenoe  of  GTcat  Biitaio.     An  at-  mora  dangeroaely  in  the  aSaita  of  the 

tempt  bj  one  gOTeiDment  to  reform  Uand,  by  tbe  enoonragement  wbicb  ahe 

abnses,  real  or  sappoaed,  in  the  admin-  hasmorereeentlyaztMdedlotheAboli- 

iatration  of  another,  if  submitted  to,  ia  tiontata  for  the  entire  emaneipation  of 

klwaya  dangeroaa,  and  generally  fatal  to  the  alavea.    The  appointment  of  Turn- 

national  independence,     Great  Britain  ball,  as  British  Conaul  at  the    HaTtna, 

after  purchasing  of  Spain,  only  a  cen-  his  efforts  to  procure  emancipation  by 

lory  ago,  a  monopoly  of  the  slave  trade  placing  himself  ai  tbs  head  of  a  serrila 

with    the  .colonies,    in    the    exercise  iniurreetian,  and  bis  probable  ooncam 

of  which  ahe  aiocked  with  blacks  the  in  the  late  conepiraey,  are  matters  of 

ifllaod  of  Cnhs,  where  then  had  been  general  notorie^.    The  enlj  parallel 

bot  few  before,  now  purobaaed  of  tbe  ease  to  be  found  in  modem  liiatory  waa 

■ame  power  a  formal  renunciation  of  the  reenlt  of  the  frensied  leal  for  pro- 

tba  trade,  and  permiaaion  for   Great  pagandism  of  tbe  earlier  apostles  ofihe 

Britain  to  enforce  this  rennnciation  by  French  Revolntioo;      At  that  time  a 

her  naval  armament  and  by  eonrts  of  Pteqph  Consnl   at  Algiers,  M.  Jean 

her  own  having  jariediction  within  tba  Ben  St.  Andr^,  undertook  to  eatabliab 

Spaniab    territory.       Conditions    like  a  demoeratio  society  in  that  city.     Thm 

tbeae,  though  unguardedly  peilnitled  to  Sey,  who,  it  seema,  had  an  avarsion  to 

■SBume  the  form  of  voluntary  atipula-  cIoEm,  and  who  cared  but  little  for  legal 

tioDS,  could  nut  be  otherwiae  than  dia-  forma  of  any  kind,  ordered  him  at  once 

grating  to  every  patriotic  citizen  of  a  loexeoutlon,    Mr.  Canning,  then  in  the 

oonntry,  which,  though  sadly  shorn  of  earlier  stagEs  of  his  political  career.and 

jta  power,  has  not  yet  lost  its  national  one  of  the  writers  in  aperiodioal  called 

pride.     The  Government  itself,  thoosh  tbe  Anti- Jacobin,  waa  greatly  amused 

induced  in  some  iray  to  consent  to  the  with  this  occurrence,  which  he  celebrat- 

•rrangement,  never  aeems  to  hare  con-  ed  in  bia  journal  in  a  pleasant  atrain  of 

aidered  it  aa  really  obligatory.    Tbe  burleaqne  poetry : 
local  anihoriiiea  have,  with  aearoely  an  _,,     „        ,  .  _. 

exception,  eoonlTod  at  tbe  continuance  ""^  ^onad  quoted  Wleqnefoil, 

of  the  trade,  and  received  themaelves  a  .  *"    Peffendorfand  Grotiu{ 

ngular  payment  of  half  an  ounce  (99)  ^"^  P^?'^  from  Valtel 

™n  evo^  imported  negro.     Even  at         ■il"fu^'|'''j7 '*'L.        . 
lladrid,  it  ha.  been  bsrdfy  thought  ne-         That  the  dcc^  would  be  qmteatredoua. 
eeeniT  to  maintain  the  appearance  of  j^^  Uey  gave  out  his  orders 

good  faith.     Withm  the  fast  year,  as  i„  f^^i^  „d  Pemiwi- 

will  be  seen  in  tbe  Memorial,  a  Royal  «  Let  no  more  be  raid, 

Orderi  providing  for  tbe  more  efleetual  But  bring  ue  his  head  I 

exeention  of  the  trealiea,  isptehcedby  Theaa  elnbi  are  my  aversion.'* 

a  preamble,  declaring  tbe  eontinnance 

of  the  trade  esaenlial  to  the  proaperity        Mr.     Canning   hardly    anticipated, 

of  the  island'.   By  the  effect  of  this  nn-  at  tbe  time  when  he  wrote  these  ver- 

fortunate  policy  of  tbe  British  govern-  aea,  that  within  half  a  century  a  British 

ment,  the  continuance  of  the  tnde  has  consul  wootd  olay  precisely  the  same 

been  associated  in  public  opinion  with  game,  in  a  still  mora  open  way,  at  the 

the  ideaa  of  national  honor  and  indepen-  Havana.  Had  he  met  with  the  same  retri- 

dence.     Thus  a  traffic  which  ought  to  botion,  there  woold  have  been.perfaapa, 

be,  and    in   a   natural  atata  of  things  no  great  reason  for  complaint  in  any 

would  be,  viewed  with  nnmingled  de-  quarter.     Bot   tbe   affront    wonid   not 

testation,  ia  made  to  wear  an  aspect  probably  have  been  regarded  aa  a  very 

which  recommenda  it  almost  irrealsti-  exquisite  pieee   of  pleaeantry  in  the      (  ~'  i~\l^ll  \c 

Uy  lo  the  favor  of  every  pauiotio  cUi-  portico  of  St.  JaiMa<a  Palaee.  ^--'  ^  ^^ '  ^ 


478                                       Frtitnt  StaU  of  Cub*.  \Hwr. 

Obs  vobM  nppoae  Itiat  aiich  an-  no  doubt  about  fauimmediftta  inteotitHis 

talt  as  baa  now  oacnrred  io  Cuba,  or  tboM  of  b»  goTeminaDt,  wbicb,  so 

vould  hare  enligbWned    the    British  fai  a*  is  koown  abroad,  haa  inflicted 

government  upon  the  practicat  opeia-  npon  him  neitber  paDishment  dot  cea- 

liou  of  their  plan  foi  aboliehiag  slavery  sure     fat     hia     ootn^oas     condaeL 

in  foieien  countries  i  but  it  does  not  Whether  the  ultimate  object  be  the  oe- 

seem  to  have  had  this  effect,  for  it  was  cnpalion  of  tbe  Island  by  Great  Brit»iD, 

.  just  at  tbe  moment  when  the  late  eon-  or  its  nominal  iEidepeDdence  aa  a  black 

apintcy  reached  its  tragical  cataatropbe,  lepablic  nod er  British  protectorate,  ia 

and  when  the  streets  of  the  principal  leas  eertain,  and  is  a  point  of  no  great 

cities  in  Cuba  were  raening  with  the  importance. 

blood  oftbe  poor  wretches  who  had  been  The  present  state  of  tbe  Island  is  toe 

seduced  into  it,  that  the  government  of  violent  to  be  of  long  duration.     What 

tbe  United  Stales    received  through  precise  length  of  time  it  may  last,  and 

Mi.   Packeoham,  official   notica   from  in  what   wa^   it   may  terminate,   an 

that  of  Qreat  Britain,  that  the  latief  qnesiions  which  we  cannot  here  under* 

would  on  DO  consideratioD  desist  fhim  take  to  disooss.     They  are  obTioosJy, 

Ibe  "  open  and  honest"  efibrts  which  it  nndei  every  point  of  Tiew,  of  the  deep- 

laas  been  making  for  stHue  years  past  est  interest. to  tbe  government  and  peo- 

foi  tbe  abolition  of  slavery  in   foreign  pie  of  the  United  States ;  and  dMerve 

Gauntries.     Whatever  may  be  thonghl  a  greater  share  of  attention  than  they 

of  the  "honesty"  of  tbe  efforts  of  tbe  have  hitherto  received  from  tbe  puUk 

Britieh  oonsol  at  Havana,  they  bave  presa. 
ceilainly  been  "  open"  enoagh  to  leave 


Tub  Island  of  Cobs  is  at  present  io  which  took  place  in  November  of  list 
imminent    danger  of  being  irreoover-  year  on  the    plantation   Trinmvirato. 
ably  lost,  not  oidy  tn  Spain,  but  to  the  Oo  that  occasion,  the  blacks,  not  con- 
white  raoe  and  the  civilized  world,  un-  tent  with  setting  lire  to  the  cane,  and  | 
less    the    Spanish    government   shall  making  their  escape  to  tbe  mountains, 
ftdopt  immediately  some  energetic  mes-  ss  had  been  their  nsnal  eouree  in  eimi-  I 
■nies  to  remedy  the  evil.    Tbs  blacks,  lar  cases,  sssassinsted  sU  the  whites  t« 
as  might  dave  been  aipected,  thresten  the  nurobet  of  six,  and  proceeding  t« 
tbe  political  and  social  ezietencc  of  the  the  neighboring  plantations,  attempted 
colony.     As  early  as  Ebe^ear  1813,  an  to  route  the  slaves  by  proolainiing  tbe 
insnrteetion  broke  oat  m  the  sugar-  eroancipaiion  of  the  whole  oolored  laoe. 
plantation  of  Alcancia,  one  of  the  larg-  It  was  now  seen,  that  these  repeated  r«- 
est  in  tbe  district  of  Cardenas,  and  this  belhons  had  a  different  origin  and  ebn-  , 
movement    also    included  a   hundred  racter  from  any  that  had  ever  oocorred  i 
blacks  belonging  to  the  rail-road  eurpo-  before.                                                            | 
ration.    The  owner  of  the  plantation,       A  few  days  only  after  the  insnireo-  i 
Don  Joaquin  de  Pefialver,  lost   about  tion  of  the  Trmmvinta,  by  th*  effbet 
960,000,  gmd  the  corporation  as  much  of  which  the  owner  of  that  [dantation 
more.    It  was  thought,  at  first,  that  this  lost  $60,000,  the  discovery  was  nnda 
insnrrection  was  planned  by  the  carri-  by  Don  Estsban  de  Oviedo,  a  rioh  [daiit- 
Ms  in  revenge  npon  (he  planters  for  er  of    Sabanilh,,  seven  and    a    half 
sending  their  sugar  to  Matanias  and  leagues  from  Matanzss,  of  a  con^i»- 
Cardenaa  npon  the  rail-road,  instead  of  cy  formed  and  matured  among  hia  own 
employing  carta,  as  be  fore.  Thisopinion  slaveauidthoseof  theneighboring^aa- 
was  strengthened  by  the  subseqnent  tations,  to  the  nnmber  of  six^  tbon- 
eottAagratiaa  of  the  plantation  Santa  sand,  and  which,  acoording  to  the  hat 
Rosa,  belonging  to  Don  Domingo  de  aceounte  from  the  Havana,  also  inehid- 
Aldama,  he  and  bis  brothers-in-law,  the  ed  nnmerooe  colored  persons,  bond  and 
Alfonsos,    being   the     largest   stock-  free,  belonging  to  the  capital  and  tbe 
holders  in  the  rail-road  from  Havana  to  other  prinoipu  cities.  A  careful  review 
Hstanzae ;  bat  was  afterwards  correct-  of  the  details  of  the  plot,  aa  nofblded          i 
•d  by  tit«  ehuactei  of  the  insuneclion  m  the  oonf^sciM  of  the  oonqtintoia,     ^?  |  C 


18M.]                                   frtttitt  aut4  tif  CtOm.  Alt 

Tenders  it  certsia  ibat  this  moTemrot  ]j,  nodeT  the  ptntonage  of  the  gonn- 

WMDndaTtbeilirectionofanintrilif^oce  ment,  been  making  attcmpU  to  ciTilize 

Boperior  to  that  of  tbe  blaeki.   As  no  the  interior  of  Africa  ;  and  althongh 

white  man  of  Spanish   flxtractian  baa  the  expedition  np  the  Nigei  proved  a 

ever  been  laown  lo  take  pan  in  any  failure,  the  idea  has  twl  been  abandon- 

mcb   moremenl,    and   aa   the  gOTern-  ed.     The  London  Herald  of  the  ]6th 

ment  and  people  of  England  hare  for  March,  contains  acconnts  of  the  laTor- 

many  years  past  beea  laboring  assida-  sble  reception   siTen   by  the   king  of 

ODsly  for  the  emancipation  of  the  black  Dahomey  to  the  WeBleyanMissionaTies, 

Tsce,  particularly  in  the  island  of  Coba,  and  of  their  visit  to  fiekida,  a  city  of 

it  appeared  natoral  to  conclude  that  the  more  than  forty  thousand  inhahitanta, 

diieetioD  came  in  some  way  from  Eng-  distant  a  hundred  and  sixty  milea  from 

land.     This  conclusion  has  been  eon-  Lagos,  also  of  their  Degotiations  with 

Jlnnod  by  the  direct  testimony  of  some  the  kin^  of  Ashantee  and  other  cbiefb 

of  the  conspirators,  who  represeot  Mr.  on  the  African  coast. 

Tarnboll,  lately  British  Consul  at  tbe  It  is  needless,  honever,  to  enlarge 

Havana,  m  the  leader  of  the  conepira-  vpcn  these  details,  in  order  to  prove 

oy,  and  the  provisional  roler  of  the  la-  the  great  interest  fielt  by  the   Britteh 

land  in  tbe  event  of  ita  auceesa.  Goveromeat  and  people  io  the  abolilioD 

What  else,  in  fact,  was  to  have  been  of  the  slave  trade,  and  the  emancipa- 

expeeted  fiom  the  offended  pride  of  this  tion  of  the   slaves.     The  eonfeBBion» 

powerfol  nation,  eonaideting  the  nnac-  of  the   conspirators,  as    has  been  re* 

conntaUe  peisoTerance  with  which  the  marked,  show  that    English   ageota, 

slave-trade  is  still  carried  on  with  Af-  employed   probably   by   the   Abolition 

ilea,  in  direct  violation  of  tbe  treaties  Societies,  have  been  at  work  in  fo- 

fbr  soppreesing  it,  snd  in  spite  of  the  menting  insurrection  among  the  alavea; 

continual  remonstrances  of  the  British  and  it  appears  that   the  AboIitionisU 

GovemmeDt.    Great  Britain  maintains,  have  been  attempting  to  make  nse  of 

at  lirgeeipeDBe,olficialBgentsinCoba,  the  trade  itself  to  effect  their  object, 

and  a  sqoadron  on  the  African  coast,  for  Among  the  slaves  who  have  recently 

the  purpose  of  enforoing  these  treaties,  been  imported  into  tbe  Havana  and' 

The   special  correniandence   between  Matanzas,  (here  are  many  who  ha*a 

the  department  of  foreign  affairs  and  been  baptised  and  speak   English,  and 

the  agents  at  the  Havana  and  in  Mad-  there  is  reason  to  suppose  that  they 

rid,  on  this  snbject,  occnpies  more  than  have  been  sent  out  in  this  nay  by  th» 

Airtj  folio   Tolumes   of  parliamentary  missionaries  in  Africa,  to  aid  as  apoo- 

documents,  consisting,    for  the  most  ties  of  liberty  among  their  enslaved 

part,  of  reports  upon  the  daily  infrac-  brothers  in  Cuba,  at  the  risk  of  martyr- 

tions  of  the  treaties  of  1B17  and  1835,  dom. 

and  remonstrances  againsttheee  infrac-  Soon  after  the  discovery  made  br 

tfons   to  the   court   of    Madrid.     Tbe  Oviedo  of  the  conspiracy  at  Uatamtaa, 

BritisbGovemmeot,  in  view  of  all  these  the  neighboring  planters,  fully  awara 

oiroomstances,  may  well  be  expected  to  of  the  croel  caose  of  these  muvemeota, 

fever,  directly  or  indirectly,  any  plan  and  greatly  alarmed  at  their  increasing 

intended  to  prevent  the  slave-trade  be-  frequency,  addresaed    a   memorial   to 

tween  Caba  aod  the  African  continent ;  General  O'Donnell,  begging  him  to  pot 

and  it  wooJd  not  be  matter  for  surprise  an  end  to  the  slave  trade  with  Africa, 

if,  in  the  event  of  an  insunmtion  of  the  The  principal  citixens  of  the  Havana 

biaoks,  they  should  be  found  to  receive  were  preparing  lo  do  the  same,  bat 

aid  from  the  British  army  al  Jamaica,  desisted  on  learning  that  the  petilioa 

It  may  be  added  that  the  British  people  from  Matanzas  had  been  badly  received 

is  still  more  strongly  bent  on  abolition  by  the  Captain  General,  and  that  h« 

than  the  government.    It  is  well  known  had  expressed  hisdisappcobsiioocf  any 

that  Prince  Albert,  and  many  other  per-  similar  proceeding  at  the  capital.    Ttw 

sons  of  the  highest  class,  are  at  tbe  bead  course  taken  by  the  Captain  GenerU 

of  the  two  anti-slavery  societiea  esta-  in  this  sobject  has  mncb  increased  the 

blished    at    London.    The  memorials  alarm  of  the  judicious  inhaUianta  of 

from  these  societies  to  the  government,  the  island,  and  not  wilhont  reason  ;  for 

and  to  both  houses  of  Parliament,  are  no  sooner  'naa  it  asoertained  that  no 

ooostantly  received  wirfi  great  attention  impediment  would  be  thrown  by  th*   ^— 


nd  favor.    The  aocieties  have  recent-    local  antbotities  in  tbeway  oftheilUoit 


Google 


4M  Pmmt  8ttU  rf  Cuba.  (Nor. 

•Ikve  tnde,  than  it  begsn  to  be  caniad  Cuba  to  the  CortM  or  1812  and  ISW 

Ml,  M  migbt  hkTC  been  exjpected,  with  dereoded  tbs  tmde  agunat  ihoae  wbo 

^esh  rigoi.     It  appear*  from  a  letter  propuaed  that  Spain  ^oold  imitate  Um 

publitbed  in  the  Madrid  Herald  of  the  example  ae(  bj  Ensland  on  this  subject. 

Slst  of  last  February,  under   date  of  Tbe  treaty  of  1617  was  regarded  ia 

December  3Sd,  1843,  from  the  Havana,  Cuba  aa  a  public  calamity,  aod  wa» 

that  at  that  time  aot  leas  thaa  tea  thoa-  evaded   wilhoul    acruple.     Sach    waa 

sand  blacks  of  tba  Lucumi  natioo — tbe  the  demaad  for  alavea,  and  tbe  ooii*»- 

most  eoora^DOS  and  warlike  id  Africa  quent  increase  in  the  importatioo,  that 

— were  expected  erery  day  to  arrive  half  Africa  seemed  to  be  pouring  Lato 

i  a  Cuba.  Cuba  ;  nor  waa  any  considerable  check 

General  O'Donnell,  who  ia  new  lo  pnt   npon  ibia   conataDtly  rising  flood 

the  bnainess,  may  have  been  led  into  either  by  the  eonceaaioD  of  the  right  of 

error  by  tbe  falae  cepreaenCations  of  tbe  search  to  the  British  cruisera,  in  tha 

plaatera  aod  slave  traders,  who  affect  treaty  of   1S3A — Ihough  carried    ialo 

toconiidei  thecooliouanceof  the  trade  effect  by  tbem  with  great  vigilance— 

as  neceaaary  lo  the  agriculture  of  the  or   by  the   proceedines  of  tbe  Uixed 

ialaxid,  and  rather  beneficial  than  other-  CommissioQ  at  the  Havana;  or  evea 

vriaeto  ibeblacka  ihemaeivea.     What-  by  the  alarm  recently  eicited  by  the 

«ver  bia  inteniinns  may  have  been,  the  siogalarly   indiscreet    conduct   of   tbe 

fact  that  he  protects  the  trade  is  hut  British  Conaul,  Tumbull,  an  avowed 

too  certain,  and  haa  been  made  already  Abolitionist.     The  slave  traders — ia~ 

a  aobject  of  remark  in  the  British  Par-  ajured  by  the  expeoiatioo  of  making 

liament.      On   the    Cth   of    March,   a  300  per  cent,  on  tiieir  capital — earned 

mamber  of  the  Cabinet,  in  anaweriug  a  on  the  trade,  in  apite  of  all  oppoaitioo, 

question  addresaed  to  him  in  the  House  with  a  peraeverance  worthy  of  a  batter 

of  CoDimona  reapectinK  the  decline  of  canse.     The  planters,  equally  eager  foi 

tbe  Britiab  trade  with  Brazil,  took  the  gain,  overlooked   all  conacquencea  in 

OpporLnnity  to  render  justice  to  Geoeral  the  hope  of  making  aa  much  more  oot 

Valdes  for  the  manly  vigor  which  he  of  tbeireataiea.     lo  1833,anintelligetit 

liad  shown  in  snppressiug  the  contra-  and  patriotic  native  of  the  island  (Saeo) 

band  slave  trade ;   aod,   at   the   same  foretold,   with   singular   sagacity,    the 

time,  to  express  bis  regret  that  this  dangers  that   WDuFd   ensue   from  this 

officer  had  been  removed,  and  another  exceaaite  increase  of  the  black  popola- 

appointed,  who  had  immediately  return-  tion,  in  an  essay  publiahed  in  the  Cuta 

•d  to  the  former  plan  of  connivance.  Eevitie.     He   was   rewarded   for    his 

It  is  true  that  General  Voldez,  who  trouble  by  an  order  of  exile,  and  be  baa 

is  a  person  of  the  moat  honorable  and  never  been  permitted  to  return  to  the 

disinterested  character,  refused  to  re-  island.     Tbe  journal  in  which  the  arti- 

ceive  the  payment  that  had  been  made  cie  appeared  was  suppresaed. 
hj    tbe    slave   traders    to   preeediog       Since  that  time  aad  experietrae  haa 

Qovernota  :  but  it  ia  not  true  that  he  considerably  changed  the  public  opiiticMi 

displayed  much  vigor  in  his  efforts  to  upon  this  subject.     In  addition  to  ttte 

■oppreas   the   trade.     A   great    many  danEera  regularly  incident  to  a  alsve- 

blacka  were  imported  during  bis  ao-  holding  country,  aa  such,  the  cootinnal 

juiniKratioa,  at  first,  with  some  attempt  intervention  ol  the  British  government, 

at  seoreay,  but,  afterwards,  with  the  and  tbe  moral  influence  of  the  ideas  of 

usual    freedom,  ,  and    with    increased  emancipation  which  tbey  have  propa- 

profits  to  the  slave  traders,  who  were  gated  by  example  and  precept  through 

DOW  relieved  from  the  cuatomary  tax  of  the  whole  Wast  Indian   archipelago, 

half  an  ounce  (96)  fur  each  slave.     In  haa  thrown  in  among  us  a  new  element 

abort,  the  slave  traders  and  the  planters  of  disorder.     Insurrections    have   be- 

■uoceeded,  between  them,  in  removiog  come  more  frequent,  and  have  aasumed 

tbe  Governor's  acruplea,  and  managM  a   more   alarming  character.     Instead 

tbe  buNaesa  in  their  own  way.  of  being  prompted,  as  thej  fnrmerly 

There  was  a  time,  no  doubt,  when  it  were,   by   the   accidental   severity   of 

waa    erroneously    anpposed   that    the  aome    overseer  of  whom   the   blaeka 

continuance  of  the  trade  waa  necessary  wished  to  rid  themselves,  they  are  now 

to  the  agriculture  of  the  Island,  on  the  the   reaull   of  a  settled   i 


pound  that  white  men  could  not  work    the  alavea  of  theirownrightsanddniM 
IB  our  oUmata.    The  deputies  bam    of  their  race.  ,  vjC 


oogle 


1844.]                               Present  Slate  of  Cuba.                                        481 

In  Iha  nonlhs  of  Febniarj,  March,  "  The  pnblio  tnaqaillity ,"  saya  ihe  ad- 
April  and  Sepiemb«i,  1S41,  nemoiialB  drew  of  the  iiiu[iieip«Jitj,  "  demanda 
were  addressed  by  the  principal  coi-  the  entire  abolition  of  the  alare-trade. 
poiations  of  the  island  through  the  It  is  a  matter  of  vital  inteieat  to  the 
captain -ffcneral  to  the  proper  depart-  inhabitants  of  Cuba,  that  the  nnniber 
meat  at  Madrid  : — the  two  £rst  on  the  of  colored  peraona  shouM  not  be  in- 
occasion  of  a  rumor  which  waa  then  in  creaaed.  The  laws  and  a  solama 
circulation,  that  the  Spanish  goTern-  treaty  niih  England  haTs  already  pro> 
ment  was  negotiating'  a  treaty  with  hibitcd  the  continuance  of  the  trade ; 
England  for  the  emancipation  of  the  and  although  it  may  be  reasonably  sua- 
blacks  in  Cnba :  and  the  two  last  in  pected,  that  the  philanthropj  which 
eompliancewithtberoyalorder  of  June  was  alleged  on  the  part  of  Eugland, 
S5th  of  that  year,  requiring  from  the  as  the  motive  of  proposiiw  thia  mem- 
corporations  in  question  ao  expTCssioa  sure,  majr  hare  had  its  origin,  in  put 
of  their  opinion  respecting  the  pro-  at  least,  in  jealouif  of  the  prosperitj 
poeed  treaty.  These  doeumente,  which  of  the  colonies  of  other  nationa,  aad 
are  doabilesa  preserred  in  the  archives  a  wish  to  relieve  those  of  England 
at  Madrid,  prove  at  once  the  stroDg  from  the  competition  with  them, — yet 
indiaposition  of  these  corporations  to  the  inhabitants  of  Cuba  will  never  de- 
the  immediate  emancipation  of  the  fend  a  trade  so  objectionable  nndel 
slaves,  and  their  anxiety  to  effect  the  every  point  of  view.  If  treaties  have 
Buppreasion  of  the  contraband  elave-  been  violated,  and  as  illicit  traffic  in 
trade.  slaves  permitted,  these  abuses  must  bs 

Vhe  Royal  Association  for  Improve-  checked.     Those  who  have  oominitted 

ment  {Junta  de  Fomento),  composed  thera  are,  however,  not  inhabitants  of 

of  respectable  merchants  and  wealthy  the  island  ;  nor  is  it  juet,  that  oiliiena 

planters,  nnder  the  Presidency  of  the  of  Cuba  should  suffer  punishment  in 

Sesent    Intendaot,    Count    de   Villa-  their  persons  or  properly  for  the  Crimea 

aeva,  concludes  with  praying  that  of  others, — crimes  committed,  not  un- 

"  the  Government  will  take  such  mea-  frequently,  nnder  the  false  impression 

Bures  as  they  deem  expedient  and  suit-  that  an  augmentation  of  the  number  of 

able  to  the  national  honor  for  the  im-  slaves  strengthens  the  bond  of  depend- 

mediate  cessation  of  the  trade."    They  ence  which  connects  (he  colony  with 

add,  with  evident  propriety  and  coo-  the  mother  country.     This  dependence 

aistency,  the  request,  that  "  measures  is  in  no  danger,  so  long  as  the  ezistins 

may  also  be  taken  for  the  introduction  elements  of  order  are  preaerved,  ana 

of  white  laborers,  so  extensive  as  to  the  security  of  property  maintained  : 

include  native  Spaniards  and  foreigners  it  is  in  no  danger,  provided  theenlight- 

of  all  countries, — that  the  execution  of  ened  government  of  Spain  will  afford 

these  measures  may  be  entrusted  to  the  us  the   necessary  protection.     If  we 

corporations   most    interested    in    the  have  ^ready  resisted  tbe  temptations 

public  improvement, — and  that  the  ex-  to  a  straggle  for  tsdepeodence  preaent- 

penses    which    they    ma;    occlthioD,  ed  by  the  example  aiid  the  snggeatiMiB 

should  be  paid,  in  preference  to  any  of, other  colonies, — if  we   have  shed 

other  claims,  and  out  of  the  revenues  our  blood  in  defence  of  this  authority 

of  the  island."  of  the  government,  and  furnished  im- 

The  Chamber  of  Commerce,  con-  portant  financial  sopplies  for  use  in  the 

aisting  of  wealthy  merchants,  natives  peninsula  and  in  America, — we  have  m, 

of  the  peninsula,  express  themselves  right  to  expect  that  full  confidence  will 

—   '"" — ~  — "  Let   the   Government,  be  placed  in  our  tried  fidelity, — fiom 


without  waiting  for  any  foreign  inter-  whioh  nothing  can  ever  indnce  us  to  de- 
vention,  cut  off  once  for  all,  and  for  ever,  viate  but  the  case,  which  must  be  sop- 
(tie  contraband  trade  in  slaves,  which    posed  impossible,  when  we  shall  be 


on,  cut  off  once  for  all,  and  for  ever,    viate  but  the  case,  which  must  be  sop- 
lontraband  trade  in  slaves,  which    posed  impossible,  when  we 
ia  still  carried  on  in  open  defiance  of   compelled  to  eabmit  to  the  i: 


The  municipality  of  the  Havana  is  be  abolished  for  ever. 

•till  more  explicit ;  and  it  is  worthy  of  It  is  impossible  to  apeak  with  mora 

remark,   that  tbe    captain -general    ia  disIinctQcss  snd  good  sense  upon  thia 

I^esideut  ex  officio,  of  this  iMdy,  which  great  subject.    The  memorials  just  al- 

never  acta  withont    his  approbation,  fnded  t«  must  have  been  received  a 
VOL.  zr.— 'NO.  uxni.            33 


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^S3  Pntatu  Stale  of  Cuia.  pimr. 

Madrid  before  NoTember  of  the  aame  Thi«  is  all  thkt  was  done  uadei  the 

E.r,  Mid   it   might    reuonabl;   hsve  ProTisinnal  Regeocj  of  the   Kingdom, 

ti  exacted,  that  the  Government,  for  the  preservation  of  the   island  of 

on  recurring' to  the  Bubiect,  would  hive  Cuba.     Much  might  be  expected  from 

taken  them  into  consideration.    Two  the  present  enligbteaed  Captaia  Geo- 

Jears    after,    however,   on  the  3d   of  eral,if,nithoutcegard to thssnggestions 

one,  1843,  General  Valdei  received  of  persons  interested  in  the  coiLtioaance 

from  the  BepartnieDt  of  State,  s  Royal  of  the  presentabuses,  he  would  apply  his 

order,  iseoea  on  the  90lh  of  March,  in  own  strong  sense  to  the  examination  of 

eonseqaencB    of  b,  request  from  the  the  slave  question.    Ho  would  then  aee 

British  Ambassador  at  Madrid,  direct-  what  has  already  been  suggested,  aod 

ing  the  General  to  appoint  a  Comniis'  what  I  will  now  repeat  in  a  more  mc- 

■ioo   from  the  planters  and  merchants  cinct  farm  : 

of  lbs  idand,  who  should  be  ioBtrucled  1.  That  the  measure  most  orgentlf 

to  prepare  the  jdan  of  a  law  for  the  required  by  the  present  situation  of  the 

pnnisbineat  of  snch  persons  as  might  island  of  Cuba,  is  the   immediate  sod 

M  found  guilty  of  violating  the   slave  effeclBsl  aupptessioa  of  the  contiabaiid 

trade  trealiea.     The  preamble  to  this  slave  trade. 

order  is  worthy  of  remark,  and  is  as  S.  That  this  trade  is  the  immediate 
fbllowB :  "  Whereas,  the  treaty  of  183S  and  exclusive  cause  of  the  dieeuisfao- 
Is  anpi^ementary  to  that  of  1917,  and  tion  with  which  England  contemplates 
whereas,  both  have  for  their  object  to  the  progress  of  the  island  in  wealth 
prevent  the  trade  in  bIstob,  lehote  la-  and  pTosperity  ;  and  the  real  motive 
ior  it  to  n»eM»artf  to  the  adlivation,  which  has  induced  her  to  make  it  the 
wealth  and  prdrperity  of  the  island,  scene  of  unfriendly  machinations, 
therefore,"  &a.  The  body  of  the  3.  That  this  trade  has  irritated  the 
order  breathes  a  stmUar  spirit  of  pro-  Ena-lish  aboliiioniBlSiWhoarecoDBiant- 
tection  to  the  trade — eonfouuding  the  ly  laboring,  by  lectures,  books,  pam- 
fbrmar  condition  of  the  island,  when  it  phlets,  asaociations,  and  the  action  of 
was  supposed  that  the  blacks  were  mere  legislative  bodies,  to  urge  on  the  Brit- 
laboring  maehineB,  and  the  whites  in-  ish  Government  to  exact  from  ours,  at 
capable  of  cnUivating  a  tropical  soil,  allhazardB,thefulfilmentorthetreatiea. 
with  the  present  state  of  things,  in  4.  That  it  was  this  trade  which  led 
whkh  these  supposed  machines  are  the  British  GoverTimsnt  to  acknowledge 
^iilg  pretty  eignifioant  proofs  that  the  independence  of  the  Republic  of 
Uiey  are  men,  and  men  not  without  Hayti,  and  thus  obtain  a  neighboring 
■ome  notiona  of  liberty,  and  in  which  station,  from  which  they  might  tkreal- 
ibe  planters  and  the  whole  popnlation  en  us  with  injurieB  Irom  which  the  in^ 
would  gladly  sacrifice  the  profit  to  be  agination  itself  recoils  with  horror, 
obtained  by  any  further  importation  of  S.  That  the  trade  increases  annnaUr 
blacks,  to  the  care  for  their  own  safety,  in  the  island  the  number  of  the  natDtsl 
even  were  it  not  as  it  is,  already  cer-  enemies  of  the  white  race,  which  is 
tain  that  Ute  climate  of  Cuba  is  as  fa-  now  00  per  cent,  on  the  whole  popola- 
vorable  to  the  natives  of  the  Canaries  tion,  whereas  to  1775  it  was  oq^  44 
and  Spain,  as  that  of  Valencia  or  An-  per  cent. 

dalosia.  6.  That  the  trade  preventa  the  im- 

General  Taldec,  during  his  sobse-  migration  of  white  persons  into  the 

qaent  May  on  the  islaud,  omitted  to  island,  notwithstanding  the  great  ea- 

Itive  effect  to  this  order ;   hot  on  the  oouragement  given  to  such  immigration 

8th  of  last  January,  General  O'Donnell  by  various  royal  orders  to  that  eSecI, 

eommuuieated    it  to    several  of    the  and  this  to  such  an  extent  that  in  the 

phntera,  and  organized  the  commieBioo  fire  years  from  1835  to  1839,  both  io- 

f«r   which  it  providea.     What  the  re-  eluded,   there   entered  at   the  port  of 

suit  will  be  may  be  readily  conjectured,  Havana  only  35,303  white  passengers, 

from  the  character  of  one  of  the  Com-  while  there  were  landed  clandestinely, 

missioners,  who  is  precisely  the  person  on  the  coast  of  the  western  department 

that  has  been  most  eitonaivelj  engaged  only,  not  less  than  63,000  alaves. 

in  the  slave  trade  before  and  since  the  7.  That  the  firmest  courage    must 

eonolnsion  of  the  treaties,  a  wealthy,  be  shaken    by  a  view  of  the  cod- 

aod,  in  other  teapeots,  very  estimable  dition  of     the    countries  in  the  ii»- 

ottisea.  mediate    ceighboihood    of    Cubs,  sO 


gle 


1844.]  Pretent  Slate  cf  Cuia.  48S 

•wuming  vilh  blacka,  who  Beem  to  a  market  fat  the  agricaliural  ind  other 
oorer,  u  if  with  a  diik  and  omiiKNis  pToduota  of  the  PeDinaula.  It  sapplie* 
olond,  the  whole  horizon  : — in  the  east,  seamen  for  the  merchajit  sbipa,  whiob 
the  mililaij  republic  of  Hajti,  with  iU  forok  the  nstumi  nbcIeuB  of  tha  lojal 
papalation  of  000,000,  a  rii^larlj  disci-  navy  ;  and  it  is  the  best  alatiun  for  ex- 
plmed,  (hough  ill-piorided  armf,  and  ercIsiBg  induenee  on  tha  political  af- 
the  transparta  af  Eugiand  at  her  ditpo-  fairs  of  the  Continent.  England, 
sal : — at  the  aoulh,  Jamaica  with  her  France,  aad  the  United  States  all  enrj 
400,000,  waitiDE  odI;  for  a  aignal  for  Spain  the  poaaeasion  of  a  prize  of  •» 
tbaii  haughty  liberators  to  cidsb  the  much  value.  Indeed,  if  the  two  firat- 
channel,  aod  in  a  aingle  night  form  a  tiained  powerful  nations  are  nawdiapnt- 
junction  with  the  fugitives  in  the  east-  iagvritn  each  other  so  worcnlT  tha  good 
ern  mounlaine  of  Cuba  : — in  the  Bsba-  graces  of  the  pal  trj  chief  of  Tahiti,  how 
magionp  and  the  amall  islands  on  tha  eagermuatthey  notbetoiDcludeinLbBir 
coast  oi  Cuba,  10,000  mare,  placed  dominiooa  this  "  bulwark  of  the  west- 
there  by  the  policy  of  England  to  Mi*e  en  Indisa,"  "  Ke^  to  the  MexicHi 
her  fnture  purposes,  aa  her  crniaera  Gulf,"  and  "  Guardian  of  the  Babam* 
have  succesaivel;  released  them  from  Channels,"  as  Cuba  is  justly  deDOQu- 
the  power  of  the  alave  tradera : — in  the  nated  in  the  old  Spanish  chioniclea. 
Franeb  islands,  another  masa  of  nnce^  I  would  aay  then,  in  conclusion,  that 
tain  amount  just  about  to  be  emanci-  the  conatitutioual  government  of  Spain, 
patad  by  the  meuopotitaii  government :  dow  re-eslabUshed  on  a  legal  basis  bj 
and  finally,  at  the  north,  on  the  vaqt  the  Queen's  attainment  of  her  majaritj, 
oontioent  with  which  we  are  biooght  is  called  upon  by  the  strongest  motive» 
into  daily  contact  by  the  waters  that  to  provide  for  the  security  of  this  onlj 
embosom  our  BhoreB,3,000,OOOorblacka  remnant  of  am  colonial  empire: — tliat 
— a  multitude  sufficient  to  strike  with  they  ought  not  to  rest  satisfied  witb 
eoQstemation,notoDly iheislandof Cu-  sending  out  to  Cuba — as  if  it  wei* 
ha,  but  the  colossal  confederacy  of  the'  another  Oran  or  Ceula — a  simple  njifi- 
United  States,  which  they  already  fill  tary  chieftain,  ignorant  and  careless  of 
with  alarm,  and  must  ultimately  shake  his  duty,  who  can  only  plunder  and 
with  tremendana  convulsions.  ruin  the  island,  under  pretence  of  go*- 

6.   And   lastly,    that    the    sappres-  emiog  it.     A  mora  rational  system  of 

siOD  of  this   trade  is  a  matter  of  so  administration  should  be  adopted.   Th« 

mach  nrgency,  that  were  it  even  cer-  privilege  of  appearing  in  the  Cortes  by 

tain,  as  some  persona  erroneously  sup-  regularly   autbariied   depntiea,  should 

pose,  that  without  a  farther  importation  be  reaiored  to  the  island,  so  that  U* 

of  blacks,  the  progress  of  our  agricol-  interests,  which  are  identical  with  thooe 

tare    woald    suffer  some  check,  we  of  Spain,  should  be  fairly  represented 

abould,  withaut  a  moment's  hesitation,  in  the  great  council  af  the  nation.     A 

make  oar  election  to  live  poor,  if  yon  miniaterial  deportment  should  be  inati- 

wUl,  but  safe,  rather  than  grasp,  with  tnted  exclasively  for  colonial  afinin^ 

insane    cupidity,    at     an    increase   of  which   might  furnish,  in    conioaetiOB 

wealth,  at  the  risk  of  losing  it  immedi-  with  the  deputies  from  the  isUnd^  aH' 

ately,  and  with  it  the  whole  island,  hy  the  infonnation  that  may  be  waited  bf 

the  effect  of  a  general  or  partial  insor-  the  Cortea  and  the  council  of  nintster*- 

leotion  of  the  sUves,  like  thoae  that  are  for  the  determination  of  qneatioM  rs- 

BOW     happening     from    one     day    to  latiog  to   these    countries.       FiDally, 

another.  the  i^nd  should  be  treated  by  Soain, 

The  island  of  Cnha  is  the  most  im-  as  she  has  always  treated  her  kmgdom* 

portant  colony  which  has  ever  been  and  provinces  in  the  Indies,  from  their 

possessed  by  any  European  nation,  firstdiscoreir  and  settlement  up  to  tb» 

with  the  exceptions  of  Peru  and  Mexi-  revolution  which  set  aside  the  Rayat 

DO.     It  LB  now  the  most  imporlaDt  be-  Statute — that  is  to  aay,  as  an  integral 

longing    to    Spain,  and  sapplies  the  part  of  her  territory ;  for  it  ia  bnt  jnstr. 

place  of  the  vast  western  empire,  over  as  Heriera  remarks,  "that  being  bsi- 

which  she  belddominion  in  other  times,  offapring  and  her  colonies,  they^ooUl 

It  furnishes  a  considerable  item  in  the  have  the  benefit  of  the  same  laws  and 

annual  revenue  of  the  goremment,  and  onatoms  that  prevail  in  the  Peninanl*.*  ^^ 


ParU,  March  I5lh,  1844. 


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MARGINALIA. 

BY     EDOAR    A.     POI. 

In  ^tbg  my  books,  I  hare  been  aJ-  Temcis,   and  the  Boatomical    Barton, 

mjs  loItcitouH  of  an  ample  margin ;  and  that  most  logical  uialogist,  Butler, 

titia  not  ao  tnach  through  any  love  of  and  some  other  people  of  the  old  day, 

the  thtDg  in  iUelf,  hotrcTer  a^^eable,  who  were  too  full  of  their  matter  to 

M  for  the  faeilitr  it  affords  me  of  pen-  hare  any  room  for  their  manner,  which, 

oiUino;  suggeated  tfaoDg^hta,  agreements  being  thus  left  oot  of  question,  was  « 

knd  Afferencea  of  o[Hmon,  or  brieFcri-  capital  manner,  indeed, — a  niodel  of 

tie^  comments  in  general.      Where  manners,  with  a  richly  margiaalie  air- 
what  1  hare  to  note  is  too  much  to  be        The  circumBcription  of  apace,  too,  in 

included  within  the  narrow  limits  of  a  these  pencillings,  has  in  it  something 

margin,  I  commit  it  to  a  slip  of  paper,  more  of  adrantage  '.hao  of  ineonTeiii- 

and   deposit   it  between  the  leares;  enee.    It  compels  as  (whateTerdifibse- 

taking  care  to  aeoare  it  by  an  imper-  rress  of  idea  we  may  clandestinely  en- 

ceptible    portion    of   gum   tragaeanth  tertain),    into    Hontesquien-ism,    into 

paste.  Tacitna-iam  (here  I  leave  out  of  riew 

AM  this  may  be  whim ;  it  may  be  not  the  concluding  portion  of  the  "Annala") 

only  a  very  hackneyed,  bat  a  very  idle  — or  even  into  Cailyle-ism — a  thing 

practice  ; — yet  I  persist  in  it  still ;  and  which,  1  hare  been  told,  is  not  to  be 

It  affords  me  pleaetire  ;  whieh  is  profit,  confounded  with  your  ordinary  affects- 

in  despite  ot  Mr.  Bentham  with  Mr.  tion  and  bad  grammar.     I  aay  "  bad 

Mill  o«  hia  back.  grammar,"    through   aheer   obetinscT, 

This  making  of  notes,  however,  is  becauae  the  granmariaoa  (who  should  ' 

by  no  meana  the  making  of  mere  me-  know  better]    insist   upon    it  tha^  I 

ttwranda — a  custom  which  has  its  dia-  should  not.     But  then  grammar  is  tiot 

advantages,  beyond  douht.     "  Ce  que  what  these  grammariana  will  hare  it ;  | 

jt  tntU  mr  papier^'  says  Bemardln  de  and,  being  merely  the  analysis  of  Un- 

St.  Pierre,  "ja  remtti  de  ma  Tnimoire,  gaage,  with  the  reanlt  of  this  analysis,  | 

et  par  e9iuequenes  jt  rovblU ;" — and,  mast  be  good  or  had  Just  as  the  analyst 

in  faot,  if  yon  wish  to  forget  anything  is  sage  or  silly — just  as  he  is  a  Home  | 

Xin  the  spot,  make  a  note  that  this  Tooke  or  a  Cobbett. 
ng  is  to  be  remembered.  But  to  our  aheep.    During  a  rainy 

Bat  the  purely  marginal  joitinga,  afternoon, not longago.beingiQamood 

dona  with  no  eye  to  the  Memorandum  too   llatlesa    for    continnous   study,    I 

Book,  hare  a  distinct  complexion,  and  songht  relief  from  ennui  in  dipping 

not  onl^  «  distinct  purpose,  but  none  at  here  and  there,  at  random,  among  the 

an ;  this  it  is  which  imparls  to  them  a  Tolnmes  of  my  library — no  very  large 

▼alne.    They  hare  a  rank  aomewhat  one,  certainly,  hot  snSciently  miscel-  i 

abore  the  chance  and  desultory  com-  laneoua ;  and,  I  flatter  myaelf,  not  a  { 

ments  of  literary  chit-chat— for  these  little  rechercM. 

latter  are  not  nnfrequenlly  "  talk  for        Perhaps  it  was  what  the  Oennaos 

talk's  sake,"  hniried  out  of  the  mouth  ;  call   the  "  brain-sealtering"  hnmor  of 

while  the  marginalia  are  deliberately  the  moment ;  bot,   while  the  pictn- 

penoilled,  beeaase  the  mind  of  the  eaqnenesa  of    the   nameroua   peaoil- 

taadei  wishes  to  anhurthen  itself  of  a  scratches  arrested  my  attention,  their 

thought  j^iowevei  flippant— however  helter-skelter- iness    of     commentary 

mDy — however  trivial— -still  a  ihonght  amnaed  me.    t  fbnnd  mvself  at  length, 

indeed,  not  merely  a  thing  that  might  forming  a  wish  that  it  had  been  somB 

have  been  a  tfaonght  in  time,  and  ander  other  Iwnd  than  my  own  which  had  bo 

BMre  favorable  ciromnatanees.     In  the  bedevilled  the  books,  and  &noying  that, 

marginalia,  too,  we  talk  only  to  our-  in  such  ease,  I  might  have  derived  do 

«d*esj   we  therefore  talk  freshly —  inconaideiable  pleasure  from   turniag 

boldly — originally — with  abandonng-  them  over.     From  thia  the  tiaaaition- 

mtnt — withoot  conceit— ^nnch  after  the  thought  (as  Hr.  Lyell,  or  Mr.  Mnrchi- 

fitfhion  of  Jeremy  Taylor,   and   Sir  son,  or  Mr.  Festherstonhangh  would  i 

Thomas   Browne,    and    Sir   William  have  it)  wa*  nMoral  enoogh:— tteie  Q|C 


1844.]  Marginalia.  |SS 

might  be  something  even  in  my  9cril>-       There  is  aboat  Ihe  same  difTeienoe 

blinga  which,  for  the  mere   Bake    of  between  the  epic; die  liaea  of  Sheltej, 

■ctibbling,  weald  hare  interest  foi  oth-  et  id  genus,  and  the  epics  of  Hell-Fire 

BTS.  Monlgomerj,  as  between  the  nates  ofk 

The  main  difficulty  respected  the  flute  and  those  nf  the  gong  al  Astoi'a. 
mode  of  transferring  the  notes  from  In  the  one  cl&ss  the  TibratiocB  are  un* 
the  Tolutnea — the  context  from  the  text  equal  but  melodious;  the  other  havo 
— without  detriment  to  tbat  exceeding-  regulaiit;  enough,  but  do  great  deal  of 
It  frail  fabric  of  inteiligibilily  in  which  music,  and  a  trifle  too  much  of  the 
tbe  coDtext  was  imbedded.  With  all  tintamarre, 
appliances  to  boot,  with  the  printed  — 
pages  at  their  back,  the  commentaries  The  Bishop  of  Durham  (Dr.  Bat- 
were  too  often  like  Dodona's  oracles —  ler)  once  asked  Dean  Tucker  whether 
or  those  of  Lycoptiron  Tenebroeua — or  he  did  not  think  that  commonities  went 
the  essays  of  the  pedant's  pupils,  in  mad  «n«mime,  now  and  then,  just  as 
Qnintilliao,  which  were  "  necessarily  individuals,  indiiidnally.  The  tbin{ 
excellent,  since  even  he  (the  pedant)  need  not  have  been  questioned.  Were 
foaad  it  impoeaible  to  comprehend  not  the  Abderians  seized,  ail  at  once, 
them  ;" — what,  then,  would  become  of  with  the  Euripides  lunacy,  during 
it — this  context — if  transferred  1 — if  which  they  ran  abool  the  streets  de- 
translated?  Would  it  not  rather  be  claiming  the  playa  of  the  poet*  And 
traduit  (traduced)  which  ia  the  French  now  here  is  Ibe  great  tweedle-dra 
aynooym,  or  ovtrxezet  (turned  topsy-  tweed!e-dam  paroxysm — the  nproar  ' 
tarry)  which  is  the  Dutch  one !  about  Fusey.     If  England  and  Ameri- 

1  concluded,  at  length,  to  nut  exten-  ea  are  not  lunatic  now — at  tliia  TSry 
sive  faith  in  the  acumen  and  imagina-  momeut — then  I  have  nevei  seen  suca 
tioo  of  the  reader : — this  as  a  general  a  thing  as  a  March  hare. 
rule.     But,  in   some  instances,  where  — 
even  faith  would  not  remore  motin-       T  believe  that  Hannibal  passed  into 
tains,  there  seemed  no  safer  plan  than  Italy  over  the  Pennine  Alps  ;  and  if 
so  to  re-model  llie  note  as  to  convey  at  Livy  were  living  now,  I  could  demon- 
least  the  ghost  of  a  conception  as  to  strate  this  fact  even  to  him. 
what  it  was  all  about.     Where,  for  anch  — 
eonceplioD,  the  text  itself  was  absn-        In  a  rail-ioad  car,  I  once  sat  face  to 
Intely  necessary,    I   could    quote  it;  face  with  him — or,  rather,  vfurHmk  lars 
where  the  title  of  the  book  commented  (jmuiriii',  as  the  Septuagiilt  have  it ;  for 
upon  was  indispensable,  I  could  name  he  had  a  tooth-ache,  and  tbree-fonrtha 
it.    In  short,  like  a  novel-hero  dilem-  of  his  visage  were  buried  in  a  red 
ma'd,  I  made  up  my  mind  "  to  ba  guided  handkerchief.     Of  what  remained  vlsi- 
by  circanistanceB,''   in  default  of  more  ble,  an  eighth,  I  thought,  represented 
satisfactory  rules  of  conduct.  his   "  Gaieties,"    and    an    eighth    hia 
■■  As  for  the  multitudinous  opinion  ez-  "  Graiviiies."     The  only  author  I  ever 

pressed  in   the   subjoined /orra^o — as  ' -..-.■ 

for  my  present  aaaenl  to  all,  or  dissent  ' 
from  any  portion  of  it — as  to  the  poa-  — 
sibility  of  my  having,  in  some  instan-  But  for  the  shame  of  the  thing,  there 
ces,  altered  my  mind — or  as  to  the  im-  are  few  of  the  so-called  apophthegma 
possibility  of  my  not  having  altered  it  which  would  not  avow  themaelves  epi- 
ofUn — these  are  points  upon  which  I  grams  outright.  They  have  it  in  com- 
say  nothing,  because  upon  these  there  mon  with  the  fencing-school  foils,  that 
can  be  nothing  cleverly  said.  It  may  we  can  make  ao  real  use  of  any  part  of 
be  as  well  to  observe,  however,  that  them  but  the  point,  while  this  we  can 
just  aa  the  goodness  of  yoor  true  pun  never  get  fairly  at,  on  account  of  a  lit- 
is in  the  direct  ratio  of  ite  intolerabili-  tie  flat  profnndity-bntton. 
ty,  so  is  nonsense  the  essential  sense  of  — 
Uie  Marginal  Note.                                      t  make  no  exception,  even  in  Dante's 

—  favor  : — the  only  thing    well  aaid  of 
Who  haa  seen  the  "  FeZieAii  Raz-  Purgatoiy.is  thaiaman  may  go&rthet 

name  Navrut,"  of  thct  Oriental  Litera-  and  fate  worse. 
tare?  — 

—  When    masio  affects    ns  t 


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■Maingly  cuimImb,  we  veep  not,  sa  qnertioo,  u  siinpb  notluiigi ;  for  tbej 

OraTim    mpposea,  from  "excen   of  prodace,  u  I  wy,  a  pooiliTa  effect,  and 

plraanre ;"  Int  iLroogb  eiVeu  of  u  no  mnltiplJcaiioB  of  senw  will  i«aiih  in 

mpatient,    petaluit    mitow    that,  u  Dnitr — but  as  negatiTe  qniiititiea — aa 

oeie  moTtah,  ire  are  ae  yelinDOCoa-  lesa  ibsti noUuDgs  i  aince — into — win 

^dooto  banqnel  npon  tbow  Bupernal  giT0+. 
«eat«aie«  of  wbieh  the  nnatc  aBbrds  na  —  - 

OMiely  a    aaggeatiTO    lod    indefinite       I  cannot  imagiDe  wb;  it  is  that  Har- 

gtimpae.  riaon    Ainiworth    bo    be-p«ppera   hia 

—  booki  with    hU  Mm  dog  Lattn  and 

Oae  of  the  moat  deliberate  triet*  of  pi^  Greek — nnlesa,  indeed,  be  agrees 

Toltaiie,  la  where  he  lendan,  by  with    Eaeyelop«Iia    Chambeta,    dtat 

Boi/ex  jiuies,moTUl»,  et  ne  craigntx  nonsenie    aonoda    worse   in    English 

jn'un  Dieu,  than  in  any  other  language. 

iha  wotda  of  PUegraa,  who  <viea  out,       ™.  „,,  .      ,      _^      ,, 

J    H_n  Theae  gentlemen,  in  stumpting  tha 

*"  ""''  dath  of  Carlyle,  gel  only  aa  far  aa  tbe 

Mcito  jnatiUam,  moDitl,  el  non  temnera  laminonanesa  of  Plnurch,  who  begina 

OivO€.  tht  ijfe  of  Demetrina  Poliorcetea  with 

He  girea  the  line  tbia  twiat,  by  way  an  accoont  of  his  death,  and  infonna 

of  showiDg  that  the  ancteiitt  wonhip-  na  that  the  faeni  could  not  have  been  as 

.pedoncOod.  He  is  endeavoring  toden^  tall  as  bis  fstbei,  for  the  aimple  reaaon 

■hat  the  ides  of  the  Unit;  of  God  on-  that  hia  father,  aflei  all,  was  only  his 

£inat«d  with  the  Jews.  nnole. 

The  theorizeraon  Govetnment.wbo       To  persist  in  calliDg  these  places 

nreteod  always  to  "  begin    with    tba  "  Magdaltn  Asylnms"  is  absnnl,  and 

Beginning,"  commeQce  with  Man  in  worse.     We  hare  no  leison  to  beliere 

what  they  call  hia  nalural  state — the  that  Mary  Magdalen  erer   ainned  as 

savage.     What  right  have  they  to  sap-  supposed,  or  that  she  is  the  person  al- 

pose  this  hia  natural  statel  Man'scbief  Inded  to  in  (he  seventh  chapter  of  Lake. 

uliosyncrBiy   being  reason,   it  follows  See  Macinight'i "  Harmony" — p.  901 

that  his  sarage  eondition — bis  condition  — part  3. 
of  actiwi  teithout  reason — is  his  unnat'  — 

nrat  state,    l^e  more  he  reasons,  the       Nothing,  to  the  trne  taste,  is  so  of- 

sesrer  he  approacheB  the  position  to  feosive  as  mere  hyperiem.    InGennac 

i*faich  this  ohiof  idioeyncrasj  irresisti-  ny  iooHlgcbom  is  a  loftier  title   tban 

Illy  impels  him  ;  and   not  ontil  he  at-  edelgeborn;  and,  in  Greece, the thrice- 

taias  tbis  position  with  exaetitade — not  Victorians  at  the  Olympic  games  coald 

until  his  reason  has  exhaosted  itself  claim  a  statue  of  the  site  of  life,  while 

for  his  improvement — not  nntil  he  has  he  who  had  conquered  but  once  waa 

•tepped  upon  the  higheat  pinnacle  of  entitled  only  to  a  coloasal. 
ciTilisation — will  his  natural  state  be  — 

ultimately  reached,  or  thoroaghly  de-       The  aathoi*  speaks  of  mnsie  like  a 

tetmined.  man,  and  not  like  a  fiddler.     This  ia 

/  —  something — and  that  he  has  imngina- 

Onr    literstnre  ia  infested  with   a  tion  is  more.     But  the  philosophy  of 

•wann  of  Jnat  such  little  people  as  this  mnaic  is   beynnd  his  depth,  and  of  its 

^-crealarea  who  snceeed  in  ereaiing  phyaieshe,unqiiestianab1y,hBB  no  cod- 

tor  themselTea  an  absolutely  positire  ception.     By  the  ivay — of  all  the  so- 

leputation,  by  mere  dint  of  the  conti-  called  scientific  muaiciana,  bow  maoj 

saitv  and  [ierpetuality  of  their  appeals  may  we    suppose    cognisant  of    the 

to  the  public — which  ia  permitted,  not  acoustic  facts  and  mathematical  dednc' 

fera  single  instant, torid  itself  of  these  tionsl     To  l>e  snre,  my  acquaintance 

£puo»,ui  to  get  tlieir  pretensions  out  with  eminent  composers  is  qaiie  limii- 

4)1  sight.  ed — bat  I  have  neTCr  met  one  who  did 

We  cannot, thsa,  regard  the  micro-  nolstareand  siy"yes,""  Da,""hum!'' 

acopical  works  of  the  animalculit  in  "ha!"  "ehV  when  I  mentioBed  the 


*  H.  F.  Chorlej,  author  of"  Conti." 


I  =y  Google 


1844.]  MargwUa.  48T 


n  of  the  Sirint,  or  nude  &I-  the  direct  nitio  of  the  approach  to  Uiis 

Iquod  to  the  oval  vibrfttiotiB  &t  right  ipecie*  of  reciprocitj  t>etweea  ettiM 

ftDglea.  aitd  effect.    lat^eowtnictionof^f, 

—  '  for  eiamplei  in  ficthioDs  UtentnrBi  wo 
His  mind* — gmiting  him  anj — is  Bhonld  aim  «t  so  uraagiitg  tfa«  point*, 

essentialljr  at  home  in  little  statiatica,  or  incidenta,  that  we  oannnt  dirtiiiolly 

twaddling  gossip,  and  maiidKn  commen-  w«,   in   respeot  to  anjr  one  of  them, 

tarisB,  fuhioned  to  look  profound  ;  bat  whetket  that  one  depends  from  an^  on* 

the  idea  of  his  Mteropiing  original  com-  other,  or  upholds  it.     In  thie  aense,  of 

.poaiton,  ia  fantaatie.  course,  Mrfeotion  of  plot  is  unattain- 

—  able  in  fact, — because  Han  ia  the  con- 
Alt  the  Bridgewatet  treatises  have  stmctor.    The  plots  of  God  are  per- 

failed  in  noticing  iht  great  idioeyncni'  feet.    The  UniTerae  is  a  Plot  of  God. 

Siothe  Difine  sjatemof  sdaptiiLon ;~  — 

at    idiosyncrasT  which    siampe   the  "  Who  does  not  turn  with  absolutfl 

adaptation  as  Divine,  in  distinction  from  eonlenipf  from  the  rin^,  and  g«ma,  and 

that  which  is  the  work  ofmerelj  human  filters,  and  oaves,  and  genii  of  Eastern 

eonstnictlTeneBS.    I  speak  of  the  com-  Tales,  aa  from  the  trinkets  of  a  toj- 

pletemutuo/iVyof adaptation.    Forei-  shop,  and  the  tnimperj  of  a  raree- 

amplo  :— inhiinianconBlnictionB,apar-  show!" — LtcUirta  m  Littralure,    Jy 

ticnlat  cause  has  a  particular  eSeet — a  Jamtt  Montgomtry. 

particular  purpose  brings  abont  a  parti-  Thia  ia  mere  "  pride  and  arrogance, 

enlar  o^ect;  Gut  we  see  no  reciprocity,  and  the  evil  war,  and    the   froward 

™«..    _J__,  ijijgg  jjpj  re-act  upon  the    month."    Or,  pertiaps,  t ■ 


imple  :— I 


the  object  does  not  change  re-  proposition  (anerilyput)  springs  rather 

with  the  parpose.     In  Birine  fram  tbe  thielcneas  of  the  Montgomerr 

the  object  is  either  ob-  skull,  which  is  tbe  MonlgomeTTpredoml- 

ject  or  purpose,  aa  we  choose  to  regard  nant  soarea  of  error — the  Eidolon  of 

it,  while  ine  purpose  is  either  purpose  the  Den  wherein  grorel  the  Mnntgc»- 

or  object ;  so  ttwt  we  can  never  (ah-  mery  cnra. 
strsctedly.withoai  concretion— without  — 

reference  to  &cts  of  the  moment)  de-       The  seiioos  (minor)  eompoaitiona  of 

cide  which  ia  which.     For  aecondarf  Dickens  have  been  lost  in  the  blaze  of 

—In  polar  climates,  the  hu-  his  comic  reputation.     One  oftha  moat 

),  to  maintain  its  due  caloric,  forcibla  things  ever  written,  is  a  short 

requires,  for  combustion  in  the  stomach,  story  of  hia,  called  "  The  Black  Veil  i" 

the  moat  highly  ammoniac  food,   snch  a  strangely  pathetic  and  richly  imagin- 

as  train   ou.      Again  : — In  polar  eli-  ative  prodoction,  replete  with  the  loft- 

tnatea,  the  sole  food  afToided  man  is  the  iest  ti^ic  power. 
oil  of  abundant    seals    and    whales.        P.  S.  Mr.  Dickens' bead  muat  pat* 

Now,  whether  ia  oil  at  hand  because  xle  the  phrenologists.     The  organs  of 

imperatively  demanded? — or  whether  ideality  are  amalT;  and  the  conclusion 

ia  It  Uie  only  thing  demanded  bocaose  of  the  "  Curiosity- Shop"  is  more  truly 

the  only  thing  to  be  obtained!     It  is  ideal  (in  both  phrenological  senses)  than 

impossible  to  Bay.     There  ia  an  abso-  any  composition  of  equal  length  lo  the 

late  reciprocity  of  adaptation,  for  which  English  langoage. 
we  seek  in  vain  among  the  worksof  man.  — 

The  Bridgewater  tiactisia  may  have        A  good  book  ;t  but,  for  a  modem 

aToided  this  point,  onaccount  of  itaap-  book,  loo  abundant  in  faded  philoaophj. 

parent  tendency  to  overthrow  the  idea  Here  is  an  argument  apokeft  of  as  not 

of  eauia  in  general — Gunseqncntlj  of  a  proving  the  permanency    of  the  aoiaz 

First  Cause — of  God.     Bat  it  is  more  system,  "  becaaae  we  kuoW,  from  ths 

probable   that  they  bare  failed  to  per-  more  sure  word  of  prophecy,  that  it  is 

oeive  what  no  one  preceding  them,  haa,  notdcBlmed   to  last  forever."     Who 

to  my  knowledge,  perceived.  believes — whether  laj^man  or  priest — 

The  pleaaare  which  we  derive  from  that  the  piopbeciea  in  queation  have 

any  exertion  of  human  ingenuity,  ia  in  any  farther  aliasion  than  to  the  oih  of 

-author  of  "  Walks  and  ^ 
f  Saertd  PItilanphf  ijf  (At  Statont"- 


Google 


)  ctiicl};,  to  the  eoDilition  to  e«letil>te.  "  Potir  jobom* 
et  fu'eit  Diev,^  njB  tbe  Baron  dtt 
Bielfeld,  « ilfmU  itTt  Ditit  memt." 

„      „     .           ,  I  haT«  MeD  muij  compotationa  n- 

Loimudui    J'Jonm.        Spcli   worki  <pecUng  the  greuot  unoDnt  of  en»di- 

rtwoM   coDcilute   the   UlilitKuo.     I  ,jon  wteinahle  by  m  indiTidiuJ  id  bja 

tbnk  I  will  jwaboot  1  lync  00  the  Ufe-time;  bat  ihne  eompatatiana  ue 

QB»liatere  of  CarTra-or  tbe  Anlh-  ^i^jy  1,^,^  ^j  fyj  i„fini,el,  benewh 

IDWio  of  lofiwte.       Cote*     howoTor.  thatmlh.     It  ia  Iroe  that,  w  ^«wr«/. 

r£^^  L!?l^^?'»"  S'-Jli""  '«  «^"-  "«  wineiDber  to  iTulable 
pmpOM,  ecarcel  J  one-handredUi  put  of 


«  MKOiom.  Menmrarmn,"  and  there  u  „,„.,  ™c-«>.uu.™^  »» 

iWKimwhTl.boaUnotbejT««Nt,at  „,,„  „  ^^^     ^  ^.^^  ^  ,^ 

leaM,  upon  the  floenu  of  f^Uooal  ex-  ,hieh  not  oaly  reUin  of/  receipt^  but 

I"*""""-  _  keep    them  at  compound  intetvM   for 

lo  aeneral,  w«  ihonU  not  be  orer-  «'«'■     Again :— were  ererr  roan  map- 

•enq>^ODa^ntnicetieaorpbra«e,wben  P""^   ^  "^  ,""'■  >"  c"Jd  read.  <* 

tfaa^aturinfaaodiaadozicetobegib-  courae  yb^  LUle,  CTen  m  h»lf /Mn- 

beted.     Speak  OD1!-OT  the  per««i  may  tonr ;  for,  m  aucb  caae.eacbindi.idMl 

not  nnderatand  yoo.  He  ia  to  be  hung «  "''"'  "S."  ^  ''"^'f.  "P""  ""  "".""^  ^ 

Then  hang  him  by  all  meaoa ;  bot  luke  P"-  _,?>">  ">  ^^m  **'^°"^''"7,  *^ 

no  bow  when  too  mean  no  obeiaance,  ">8   ordinary   rate  of  what  u    «U«d 

mod  efchew  ilie  droU  delicacy  of  the  "light readme,  we  scarcely  !««*  one 

Clown  in  the  Play—"  Be  »>  good,  air,  '^"^  '"  ^n.  And,  even  phyaicallv  coii- 

M  to  tiae  and  be  pot  to  death  "  eidered,  tnowiedge  breeda  knowledge, 

Thi*  i>  tiio  only  true  principle  among  "  8°"  /"j"!  -,  f"'  ^^  *:'«'  «^  fV"? 

men.    Whera  the  gentler  aox  U  con-  """h-  .^''<'»  •"■  »Pm"7  >"  J?^,"1- 

eeined,  there  aeema  bat  one  eonrae  for  "e^  m  geometrical  ratio.    TTib  W- 

the  crilic-ipeak  if  yx>a  can  commend  '"ol^^rum  wiU  bnt  glance  at  the  page 

--be  ailent,  if  not;  for  a  woman  will  ''I"''''  detainathe  ordinary  reader  eoroe 

nerer  be  brooght  to  admit  a  Doo-idea-  •>"■""«"  =  ^°^  the  difference  m  the  »b- 

tity   between    herwilf   and   ber   book,  •»'""   T"^"^   (lUusea  considered 

and  "  a  weii-bred   man"  uya,   inatly,  "i"  ^  ■"  f^*'"'  "^  *"«  AeHuo,  who  wiU 

that  excellent   old   EoolUh    moralial,  haTC  winnowed  the  mailer  of  which  the 

Jamea  Puckle,  in  hia  '  Gray  Cap  for  a  (yro  mumbled  both  the  Mcda  and  the 

Green   Head,'  *' a  well-bred  man  will  <'.''=ff-     Adeep-rooled  and  atnclJy  con- 

noTei  give  hitnul/  the  libtrly  to  apeak  tmuoua  haliit  of  reading  will,  with  cer- 

illofwemen."  tauiolaaaes  of  intellect,  reaiilt  m an  m- 

—  EiinctiTe  and  seemingly  magnetic  ap- 
Itf  ii   the   half-ptofonnd,  half-ailly,  precialian  of  a  ihiog  written  ;  and  now 

and  wholly  irrational  compoaitien  of  a  the  student  re&da  by  pages  juat  aa  other 

very  clever,  rery  ignorant,  and  laugh-  men  by  words.     Long  year*  lo  come, 

sfalyimpndentreiIow-~"injent(»u«;tufr,  with  a  careful  analysis  of  the  mental 

ttd  tnMteniM  nebuio,"  as  the  Jesuits  pTocesa,  may  even  render  this  species 

luve  well  described  Cr£bilIon.  of  appreciation  a  common  thing.     It 

—  may  be  langht  in  the  schoola  of  onr 
The  Germans,  jnst  now,  are  afflicted  descendants  of  the  tenth   or  twentieth 

■with  the  epidemic  of  hialonr- writing—  generation.  It  may  become  the  method 

the  same  cacdelhex  which  Lncian  tells  ^f  the  mob  of  the  eleventh  or  twentr- 

na  beset  hie  countrymen  upon  the  dis-  fijjt.    And  should  these  matters  coma 

eomfiture  of  Severianns  In  Armenia,  to  pass— aa  they  wilt— there  will  be  in 

Mowed  by  the  triumphs  in  Parthia.  them  no  more  legitimate  cwise  for  woa- 

~  der  than  there  is,  to-day,  in  the  marvel 

The  leuse  of  high  birth  ie  a  monil  thai,  syllable  by  syllable,  men  compre- 

force  whose  value  tbe  democrats,  albeit  hend  what,  leltef  by  letter,  I  now  trace 

eompaot  of  mathematics,  are  never  in  apoo  this  page. 


•  «  Potm  de  PoaJtrBiUM  tt  Mtmurii,"  bg  QaMwi  Shenmiui  Fatmitu  PaUmam. 
tti  conclnsion : — fonnd  by  Denis,  in  the  Iiaperial  Library,  Vienna, 
t  "The  Afe  of  Beatoa." 


iy  Google 


1844.]                                      a^gitmHa.  4W 

la  it  not  a  law  tb&t  need  ha*  B  taud-  tbrongh  th«  nslnie  of  language  iuelf, 

eocy  to  engendei  Lbe  thing  needed  I  \re  may  often  (atb  ft  few  words  by  talk- 

—  ing  backwards;  and  this  ia,  therdbre,  & 

"The  natoje  of  the  soil  nuj  indi-  favoiile  practice  with  Gibbon,   Obserre 

catethaaooDiriesmoslexpoeed totheae  the  senleoce  commencing — "The  na- 

formidable   eoacuasiona,  aince  the;  are  tuca  of  the  soil."     The   tbought  ex- 

caased  bj  BobterrtueoiiB  firea,  and  auch  pioaaed   could  acarcely  be  more  con- 

fiiea  aie  kindled  bjr  the  union  and  fer-  densed  in  expresBion ;  but,  for  the  aake 

mentation  of  iron  and   aulphiu.     But  of  this   condenaalion.  be  rendera  the 

tbeir  timea  and  efTecls  appear  to  lie  be-  idea  difficult  of  compiehenaion,  bj  antn 

yond  the  reach  of  human  cniiosiiy.  &nd  Teriing  the  natural  order  of  a  atmEde 

the  philosopher  will  discreetly  ahetain  proposition,  and  piacingadednctioo  be- 

&om  the  prediotioD  of  earthquakes,  till  fore  that  from  wtuch  it  ia  dedaced.  Ad 

he  has  counted  the  drops  of  water  that  ordinary  man  would  have  tbua  written : 

silently  filtrate  on  thb  inflammable  min-  "  Aa  these  foraiidable  coneossions  arisa 

ei«l,  and  measured  the  caTems  which  from  snhterranean  fires  kindled  hj  the 

bcrease  bj  resistance  the  explosion  of  union  and  fumentation  of  iron  and  sol- 

the  imprisoned  air.  Witbont  assigning  pbur,  we  ma;  jud^e  of  the  degree  in 

the  canae,  hiatory  will  distinguish  the  which  any  region  is  exposed  to  earth- 

Criod  in  which  theaeealamitouaeients  quake  by  the  presence  or  abeenee  of 

ve  been  rare  or  frequent,  and  will  ob-  tJieae    minerala."     My  sentence  haa 

serve,  that  this  fever  of  the  earth  raged  forty  words — that  of  Gibbon  tbirty-aix ; 

with   nncomiaon   violence   during   the  but  the  first  cannot  fail  of  being  instantly 

nigs  of  Justinian.  Eai^h  year  ia  mark-  eomprehetided,  while  the  latter  it  may 

ed  by  the  Tepetllion  of  earthquakes,  of  he  necessary  lo  re-iead. 

snch  duration,  that  CoDStantinople  has  The  mere  terttnett  of  this  hislotian 

been  ahaken  above  forty  days :  of  such  is,   however,   grossly   OTez-rated.     In 

extent,  that  the  shock  has  been  com-  general,  he  eoDveys  an  idea  (although 

mnnicated  to  the  whole  surtace  of  the  darkly)  in  fewer  woidi  than  others  of 

globe,  or  at  least  of  the  Roman  £m-  his  time ;  but  a  habit  of  Btraighi  think- 

pire."  ing  that  rejects  non-esaentials,  will  en- 

ThesB  sentences  may  be  re|;srded  as  able  any  one  to  say,  for  example,  what 

&'full  synopsis  of  the  ify/eof  Gibbon —  was  in  (ceded  above,  both  more  briefly 

a  style  which  has  been  more  frequently  and  more  distinctly.     He  must  aban- 

commended  than  almost  any  other  in  don,  of  course,  "formidable  concns- 

tbe  world.  sions"  and  things  of  that  kind. 

He  had  three  hobbies  which  he  rode  E.  g. — "  The  autphur  and  iron  of 
to  the  death  ^stuffed  pup^iels  as  they  any  region  express  its  lisbihty  to  earth- 
were),  and  which  he  kept  in  condition  quake ;  their  fermentation  being  ita 
by  the  continual  aacrifice  of  all  ihat  is  cause." 

Talaable  in  language.    These  bobbies  Here  are  seventeen  words  in  place  of 

were     Dignity  —  Modulation — LocoH'  the  thirty -six ;  and  these  seventeen  con- 

Um.  vey  the  full  force  of  all  that  it  was  ne- 

Bignity  is  all  very  well  \  and  history  eeasary  to  say.    Such  concision  is,  nev- 

demands  it  for  its  general  tone ;  hot  the  erlbelesa,  an  error,  and,  so  far  as  re- 

beincr  everlastingly  on  stilts  is  not  only  spects  the  true  object  of  concision,  is 

troublesome  and  awkward,  bat  danger-  a  buU.     The  most  truly  concise  style 

ona.     He  wbo  falla  en  hommt  ordirmirt  is  that  which  most  xapitfly  transmits  the 

— from  the  mere  elipping  of  his  feet —  sense.     What,  then,  should  be  said  of 

is  nanally  an  object  of  sympathy  ;  but  the  concision  of  Carlyle  1 — that  thoas 

all  men  tdmble  now  and  then,  and  this  are  mad  who  admire  a  brevity  which 

tambling  from  high  sticks  is  sore   to  squanders  our  time  for  the  purpose  of 

provoke  laughter.  economizing  oor  printing-ink  and  paper. 

His  modulation,  however,  is  alaays  Observe,  now,  tbe  passage  above 

lidicnlous  ;  for  it  ia  so  uniform,  so  con-  quoted,  commencing — "  Each  year  is 

tinnoDS,  and  so  Jauntily  kepi  up,  that  marked."     What  u  it  the  historian 

we  almost  faney  the  writer  waltzing  to  wishes  to  say  1    Not,  certainly,   that 

hia  woida.  every  year  was  marked  by  earthquakes 

With  him,  lo  speak  lucidly  was  a  fat  that  shook  Constantinople  forty  dayst 

less  merit  than  lo  speak  smoothly  and  and   eEtended   to    all   regions  of   the 

cnnly.     .There  is  a  way  in  which,  earth! — yet  this  only  is  the  legil' 


'Google 


iat«iywtotiiw.    The  MitbqsikM  srs  Here  the  fftiiliuuof  tketfBfMuaia 

■aid  to  be  of  *mek  donlioii  tfaat  Con-  eaiued  bj  the  winga  of  tk«  dy,  may, 

f<iiitiifT4*,  &«.)  u>d  tliMe  euthqiakea  fioni  within,  iedoce  aboonnal  TihriticwM 

(of  nic«  dimtioD)  were  ssperieneed  of  theredii»,»pnihu-to  thoae  which  the 

oTRT  jear.    Bat  tliia  ia  a  pai«  Gib-  m^age    nr  iadoM^  norsdlj,   &a^ 

■o  ihodomoataded  heton.    He  meeM  equml  npidit^ — ihie  would  be  fbUj  ^— 

tai»ymeiefyllMttheekRhqiMte«w«Te  bDteaehiiiill]aathiRidoUtiaii,farexaB- 

at  naiiMal  dBfstion  utd  extent — the  pks  of  ibentiaa,inigfat  accord  with  0*0 

dantiOD  of  oM  being  M  long  that  Cob-  ofdie  lytnpviain;  sad  1  doobt  whether 

ettatioople  ahook  for  fof^  daya,  atid  ihiswooldBotbeBDSciartfbTtheeSMt. 

tfas  oxieBt  of  anotber  beiog  ao  wide  ae  — 

toinehdeibe  whole  ampin  of  Rome —  How  many  good  book*  an^r  m^- 

"  bf  wlbeh)"  bo  adda  aoM*  v»ct — **  by  led  throoffa  the  in^Gciefiej  of  theit 

wfaidt  innlaled  facta  the  leader  may  beginoiDga !    It  ia  far  better  that  wa 

"  ''      -    -■    ■  .._.-.._...__       « ittogolaTly — immethodicalhf 

lat  we  fail  to  aneat  attentka  ; 

Nader  wiH  find  it  difficult  to  do.  hot  the  two  point*,  method  and  ponge*- 

A  few  yaaia  hence — and  ahoold  anj  ej,  majr  alwajra  be  comlnDed.    At  aD 

one  eompoee  a  noek  heroic  in  the  man-  t^b,  let  there  beafewrirideenteDcea 

DOT  ofthe"DeeUoe  and  Fall,"  the  poem  imprmit,  by  way  of  tbe  eleotric  bell  ta 

will  be  torn  to  pieeea  by  the  eritiea,  ti»-  the  telegraph. 

tl^nttr,  a«  an  Dnwanantable  esaggen-  — 

tlon  of  the  prinoipiea  td  the  boikeqne.  I  am  br  more  than  half  aerioDa  in  ill 

—  that  I  haTB  otct  said  aboat  mannecript, 
I  nerer  know  a  man,  of  m  really  de-  u  aflbrding  indication  of  charaeieT. 

«entinideaatanding,eofiill  of  bigotry  as  The  geeeral  propositioD  ia  nnqnes- 

B— d.      Had  M  aapteme  pown,  and  tionaUe — that  the  meata)  qmJitiea  w3I 

w«re  be  not,  now  and  then,  10  meet  an  have  a  tendency  to  impress  the  MS. 

odd  Tolnme  MiffieieDlly  ailly  to  confirm  The  difficolty  liee  ia  the  eomparison  1^ 

Iria  prejudice*,  theis  can  be  no  doobt  this  tendency,  as  a  mathematical /anv, 

thai  he  woold  bom  ereiy  book  in  the  witbtheforceaoftheTariDoadlstDrbiDg                 | 

world  M  an  muto  daft.  influences  of  mere  circamsttmcs.    Bot 

—  — giren  a  man's  pnrely  phyaLcal  bio-                   I 
It   ia  a  deeply  cooseqnential   error  craphy,  with  .his  MS.,  and  the  moral 

this :— 4he  aasoinption  that  we,  being'  Siography  may  be  deduced. 

men,  will,  in  general,  be  delibtrately  The  actual  practical  extent  to  which 

tme.     The  greater  amonot  of  tntlh  la  these  ideas  are  applicable,  is  not  snffi- 

impnUrely  uttered;  thus  the  greater  cjently  nndecalood.     For  my  own  part, 

amoant  is  epoken,  not  written.     Bat,  I  by  no  means  shrink  from  acknowledg- 

in  examining  the  hiaiorlc  material,  vre  ing  that  I  act,  honrly.npon  ssiimatBacf 

leare  theae  eonaideraliona  ont  of  sight,  clmracter  derived  from  chimgraphj. 

We  dole  npon  records,  which,  in  the  The  estimates,  however,  upon  which  I 

main,lie;while  we  discard  the  AoMiito,  depend,  are  chiefly  negative.    For  ex-                 j 

which,  properly  interpreted,  donoj.  ample;  a  man  may  not  always  be  amao                 I 

—  of  genins,  or  a  man  of  taste,  or  a  man 
"Therigbt  imgle  of  light's  ineidenoe  of  firmness,  or  a  man   of   any  other 

^odnoee  a  sonnd  upon  one    of   the  quality,  becanse  he  writes  this  bandar 

Egyptian  pyiamidi."    This  asBertion,  (hat;  but  then  there  are  MS9.  which 

^na-  axpresaed,  I   hare  encountered  no  man  of  firmnesa,  or  of  taste,  or  of 

•omewbere — probably   in    one    of  the  genius,  erer  did,  will,  or  can  write. 

Notae  to  ApoUoaius.      It  is  uoneense,  I  There  is  a  certain  species  of  faaod- 

•oppose,— but  it  will  not  do  to  speak  writing, — and  a  quite  "  elegant"  one  it 

huttly.  is,  too ;  although  I  hesitate  to  describe 

The  orange  ray  of  the  spectrum  and  it,  because  it  ia  written  by  some  two  or 

diebmsa  of  the  gnat  (which  never  rises  three  thousand  of  my  personal  friendt^ — 

above  the  aeeond  A),  afeot  me  with  a  species  of  hand-wnting,  I  say,  which 

■eariy  similar  sensations.    In  hearing  seems    to    appertain,   as   if   by  pre- 

the  gnat,  I  perceive  the  color.    In  per-  scriptive  right,  to  the  blockhead,  and 

oelvmg  the  ocdor,  I  teem  to  hear  the  which  has  been  employed   by  every 

goat.  donkey  since  the  days  of  Cadmoa,— ^^a,               i 


1844.]  MargmaUa. 

beett  penned   by  erBiy  g&nder  aiooe        __   , 

fiiat  »  gcej  goooe  yielded  s  pen.  p&rent  differeiice  in  aize  between  t] 

_  Now,  were  any  one  to  wiite  me  »  setting  uid  tbe  noon-dty  mia : — 

lettei  in  this  MS.,  Tequiiias  me  to  in-  _, 

ToI»e  mywlf  with  ita   inditex  in    wiy  "  """"n*  »olat.oo«    htve    been   pro- 
enterpiiie   of  moment  Kod  of  risk,  it  P^ed,  and  the  one  genermllT  "dcpled  by 
wonia  be  only  on  the  wore  of  the  com-  ~'"t'fi<!  "uid.  I  w.U  now  endeavor  to 
»»._.•   .;.;if>n  •>...   1   _..  ij         j_  IK"*  plain,  tbongb  I  few  iti  nature  i*  m 
moDMt  cmhtv  thM  I  wonld  conde-  ^.^n^Ail^aMl  an.  not  <nre  I  ibnU 
•oend  to  send  hun  a  »piy.  ^^^  it  i„,e!liglble.    Bnt  bere  it  ia.    If 
___                ,                     .              .      ,  the  lan,  or  uotber  celertiBl  object,  be 
Theae  geotlemeti  m«y  be  permitted  „^  ^^  horiKin,  and  I  direct  my  atlea. 
to  exist  vet  a  reiy  liule  while,  siaee  il  tion  to  it,  I  see  between  me  ud  thai  ob- 
is "  the  aerhng  pablio"  who  lie  smos-  ject  a  rait  nnmber  of  objceu  upon  the 
ed,without  knowing  at  whU —  faceof  the  eerth,  Balreet,b<nises,  nwiut- 
toioi,  the  magnitodes  and  potitions  of 
Jfiift  noi,  qui,  ilaiu  U/oud,  tait  bita  c*  which  are  familiar  to  me.    Theie  anpply 
gHtjatcToU,  tbe  mind  with  a  meini  of  eitimaling  the 
<iti  e<mpU,  tout  Itt  joor;  U%n  larenn  size  of  the  object  at  which  I  am  looking. 
Mr  DMf  dotgU,  I  know  that  it  ii  mnch  farther  off  than 
A  rit—tte.  these;  and  yet  the  lua  appeati,  perhaps, 
mncb  larger  than  the  top  of  the  fnter- 
FellowB  who  really  have  do  righl —  rming  mountain.    I  thai  compare  the 
■omG  individnala  Aow— to  purloin  the  ■o".  by  a  process  of  the  mind  eo  labtle 

Cperty  of  their  predeceaeors.     Mere  ■"*  instinetire  that  I  am  nnconKioni  of 

zards ;  or,  in  defenlt  of  that,  mere  "■  """  ">•  objecU  which  i  see  between 

peeftinf  ««-the  apeeiea  of  creatores  "  "^,  "T"^'  ""^  ^  ~''=^''"  llj"'  "  " 

Tl..  .l1^..ii ff    .1..  n 1.    f  _  nmeh  lanter  than  thoie.    Well,  tha  same 

™Vi^™',^Cli?H^^™^n^lt  «»i.ri«rto  the  meridian;  .hen  there  are 

pendiums  of  Natural  Hwtory-^nimals  ^^  in„„eaing  objects  whereby  to  .pM« 

Terr   soft  and  »ery  sly,  with  ears  of  off  the  disUo^e,  ai  it  were,  and  Ihn.  torn 

such  length  that,  whUe  one  answers  for    „  comparative  eitiniate  of  its  siie 

B  bed,  the  other  is  all  tb«  is  necesBary  j  am  prepared  to  be  met  by  the  objection, 

for  a  eoanterpane.     A  race  of  dolts—  that  this  is  an  exlrimtly  Uanitdiaid  mtta- 

literary  Cacnees,  whose  clumsily  stolen  jAytiad  rtaton.    So  it  ii." 

bulls  ooTer  fail  ofleariug  behind  them 

ample  evidence  of  having  been  dragged  How  funny  are  the  ideas  which  some 

into  the  thief-den  by  the  tail.  persons  entertain  about  learning,  and 

—  especially  about  metaphysics ! 

In  the  Hebrew  MS.  (173  Ptot.  IB-  Whatever  may  be  the  foible  of  Dr. 
ftS)  after  the  word  nr*.  's  an  craaare,  Lardner's  inlollecl,  ila/orle  is  certain- 
by  which  we  lose  some  three  or  four  ly  not  originality ;  ana  however  ill  ;nit 
letters.  Could  these  letters  have  been  are  his  ezplaDalioos  of  the  phenomenon 
anything  butrap^  The  version  reads,  in  question,  he  is  to  be  blamed  for  them 
"  whoso  findelb  a  wife,  findsth  a  good  only  inasmuch  as  he  adopted  thera, 
thing  ;"  a  proposition  which  cannot  be  without  examination,  from  others.  The 
matbematically  demonstrated.  By  the  same  thing  is  said,  verv  nearly  in  the 
insertion  suggested,  it  would  be  con-  same  way,  by  all  who  have  previously 
Terted  into  "  whoso  findcth  a  goad  touched  the  subject.  And  the  reason- 
wife,  flndeth,"  &e. — an  axiom  whicli  ingisnot  only  of  very  partial  force,  but 
the  mostrigorons  caviller  fur  precision  wretchedly  urged.  Ifthe  sun  appeaia 
would  make  no  scruple  of  admitting  larger  than  usual  merely  because  we 
into  Eoclid.  compare  its  size  with  mountains  and 

—  otber  large  objects  upon  the  fsrth  (oh- 
"  His  imagery*  is  by  no  means  dea-  Jects,  the  Doctor  might  have  said,  he- 

titnte  of  merit,  but  is  directed  by  an  yond  all  which  wc  see  the  sun),  how 

exceedingly  coarse  and  vulgar  taste."  happens  it  that   the  illusion  does  not 

Quite  true ;  bat  tbe  remark  would  cease  when  we  see   the  orb  setting 

have  come  with  a  belter  grace  from  where  no  snch  objects  are  visible  <  for 

almost  any   other   lips   than  those   of  example,  on  the  horizon  of  a   smooth 

Lord  Brougham  and  Vanx.  sea. 


■  That  of  John  Randolph. 


i=yGoog  c 


4(KS  Marginalia,  [Nov. 

We  ■pprechte  time  byerenls  alone.  interreniTi^  objects,  our  ideu  of  die- 

For  this  TOUon  ve  define  tima  (■□tdb-  taacea  are  ont;  tbey  hsTB  no  tuUi- 

what  improperlj)  tta  ihe  suceeasioa  of  tion.     Thus,  in  tniih,  we  think  of  the 

erents  ;  but  the  fact  itself — ihateveniB  irtorriil  between  Uranus  and    Sirina 

are   unr   sole   nteans   of   appreciating  piecjaely  as  of  that   betireen   Sstnm 

time — tends  to  the  engendering  of  the  and  Utanns,  or  of  that  between  boj 

erroneous  Idea  that  events  are  time —  one  planet  and  its  immediate  neighbor. 

that   the   more   numerous  the  erents,  We  fancy,  indeed,  that  we  form  difl«r> 

the  longer  the  time  ;  and  the  couverte.  ent  conceptions  of  the  difierent  inter- 

This  erroneous  idea  there  can  be  no  vals  \  but  we  mistake  the  malhamatical 

doubt  that  we  should  atwoloiely  enter-  knowledge  of  the  fact  of  the  interralr 

tain  in  all  cases,  but  for  oar  practical  for  an  idea  of  the  internal  itself. 
means  of  correcting  the  impression —        It  is  the  principle  for  which  I   con- 

anoh  as  clocks,  and  the  movements  of  tend  that  instinctivelj  leads  the  artist, 

the   besTenlj   bodies— whose    refoln-  in  painting  what  be  technically  caHa 

tions,  after  all,  we  only  atsume  to  be  distances,  to  introdnce  a  snecession  of 

ragiilar.  objects  between  the  "distance"  and 

Space  is   tireciselj   anajogous  with  the  foreground.     Here  it  will  be  aald 

time.     Bj  objects  alone  we  estiniate  that  the  intention  is  the  perspective 

space  ;  and  we  might  as  rationally  de-  comparison  of  the  size  of  the  objects. 

fine  it  "  the  succession  of  objects,"  as  Several  men,  for  example,  are  paintod, 

time  "  the  succession  of  events."    But,  one   beyond   the   other,  and  it  is  tfas 

as  before. — The  bet,  that  we  have  no  diminution  of  apparent  size  hy  which 

other  means  of  estimating  space  than  the  idea  of  distance  is  conveyed  ; — 

objects   aSbrd  as — tends   to  the  false  this,  I  say,  will  be  asserted.     But  here 

idea  that  objects  are  space — that  the  is  mere  confusion  of  the  two  notims  of 

more  nameroos  Iho  objects  the  greater  abstract  and  comparative  distance.     By 

the  space ;  and  the  converse  ;  and  this  this  process  of  diminishing  figures,  wo 

enoneons  impression  we  should  re-  are,  it  is  true,  made  to  feel  that  one  is 

oeive  in  all  cases,  hot  for  nur  practical  at  a  greater  distance  than  the  other, 

means  of  correcting  it — such  as  yard  but  the  idea  we  thence  glean  of  abstract 

measnres,  and  other  conventional  mea-  distance,  is  gleaned  altogether  from 

sores,  which  resolvQ  themselves,  uiti-  the  mere  succession  of  the  Sgiires,  in- 

mately,  into  certain  natural  standards,  dependenlly  of  magnitude.     To  prove 

such  as  barley-corns,  which,  after  all,  this,  let  the  men  he  painted  out,  aad 

we  only  assutnt  to  be  regular.  rocki  put  in  their  stead.     A  rock  may 

The  mind  can  form  lome  conception  be  of  any  siie.     The  farthest  may  be, 

of  the  distance  (however  vast)  between  for  all  we  know,  really,  and  not  merdy 

the  sun  and  Uranns,  because  there  are  ontically,    the    least.     The    effect   of 

ten  objects  which  (mentally)  intervene  absolute  distance  will  remain  nntonch- 

— the  planets  Mercury,  Venus,  Earth,  ed,  and  the  sole  result  will  be  confusion 

Mars,  Ceres,  Vesta,  Juno,  Pallas,  Ju-  of   idea    respecting   the    comparative 

piler,  and  Saturn.     These  objectsserre  distances  from  rock  to  rock.     But  the 

as  stepping-stones  to  the  mind  ;  which,  thing  is  clear:  if  the  artist's  intention 

nevertheless,  is  utterly  Idst  in  the  at-  is  really,  as  supposed,  to  convey  the 

tempt  at  establishing  a  notioi^  of  the  notion  of  great  distance  by  peiBp«ctive 

interval  between  Uranus  and  Sirius ;  comparison  of  (he  tixe  of  men  at  dif- 

loit — yet,  clearly,  not  on   account  nf  ferent  intervals,   we   must,    at    least, 

the  mere  di»tanct  (for  why  shonld  we  grant  that  he  puts  himself  to  i 

not  conceive  tite  abstract  ides  of  the  sary  traable  in   the  mnltiplici 

distance,  two  miles,  as  readily  as  that  his  men.     TSoo  would  answer  all  the 

of  the  distance,  one  1)  but,  simply,  be-  purposes  of  two  thousand ; — one  in  the 

cause  between  Uranus  and  Sirius  we  foreground  as  a  standard,  and  one  in 

happen  to  know  that  all  is  void.    And,  the  background,  of  a  size  correapond- 

from  what  I  have  already  said,  it  fol-  ing  with  the  artist's  conception  of  the 

lows  that   this  vacuity — this  want  of  distance. 


btervening  points — will  cause  to  fall       In  looking  at  the  setting  enn  in  a 
'      '    *  ''     truth  any  notion  we  shall    mountainous  region,  or  with  a  city  be- 
I  form.    In   fact,    having    tween  the  eye  and  the  orb,  we  see  it 


onoe  passed  the  limit*  of  absolutely    of  a  certain  seeming  magnitude,  ai>d 
practical  admeasoremeut,  by  means  of  we  do  not  perceive  that  uiis ' — 


seeniiiw_ 

Google 


1844.]  Marginalia.  493 

magnitude  Tariea  wken  wa  look  at  the  uninformed,  who  quote  it  u  thej  would 

same  son  settiog  on  the  hoiizoa  of  the  quote  any  other  propotition  wbieh  to 

ocean.     In  either  ease  we  have  a  chain  tbem  wemed  paradoxical — for  the  mere 

of  objects   bj  nbich  to  appieciate   a  poiut   of    the    paradox.     Peo[de   who 

eeitaiu  distance  ; — in  the  fonner  case  read  never  qnote  the  aafioK,  bacanas 

this  chain  is  formed  of  mouotaina  and  sheei  truiama  are  never  worth  quoting, 

towers — in  the  latter,  of  rippiea,  or  A.  friend  of  mine  once  read  me  a  long 

epecke   of  foam ;  but   the   reault  does  poem  on  the  planet  Saturn.     He  was  a 

not  piesent  any  difference.    In  each  man  of  genius,  but  his  lines  were  a 

caae  we  get  the  same  idea  of  the  dis-  failnre  of  ooiirae,  since  the  realities  of 

taacs,  and  consequenily  of  the  aize.  ibe  planet,  dBiailed  in  the  moet  proeaio 

This  size  we  have  io  our  mind  when  we  language,  put  to  shame  and  quite  orer- 

lookaUheauniahismeridianplace;  but  whelm   all  the  aeceeaor;  laaeiee  of 

thisdislanoe  wb  haTstuiI — for  no  objects  the  poet. 

intervene.    That  is  to  eaj,  the  distance       Ir,  however,  the  solemn  adage  in 

falls    short,  while  the  size  remsios.  question  should  ever  aland  in  need  of 

The  consequence  is,  that,  to  accord  support,  here  is  a  hook  wilt  support  it.' 
with    the    diminished     distance,    the  —  i 

mind  inetantaneously    dimtnishes   the       Some  richly  imaginative  tboughla, 

size.    The  conversed  expetiment  gives,  akiirull;  expreseed,  might  be  called 

of  course,  a  conversed  result.  from  itua  poemf — which,  aa  a  whole,  ia 

Dr.  Lardnet'a  "  eo  it  is"  is  amuaing  nothing  worth.     E.  g — 
to  saj  no  mora.     In  general,  the  mere 

natural  philosophers  have  the  same  ex-  And  I  can  hear  the  click  of  that  old  gat^ 

aggerated  notiona  of  the  perplexity  of  As  once  again,  amid  the  chirping  yard, 

meuphysica.    And,  perhaps,  it  is  this  I  fthimnmirroonui^mt  a»ddark. 
looming  of  the  Islter   aoience   which 

has  brought  about  the  vulgar  deriva-  ^"^ — 
tion  of  its  name  from  tbe  supposed  in- 

perioritvto  pbysics— aa  if  wra  «»i»  — How  ealmthe  nightmoveson!  and  yet, 

tad  the  force  of  «ip«-phyeicam.     The  I'tlu!d«rk,nor7X,v>aaibAi»dlhoMkm 

fact   is,   that  ArUwtiS'a   Treatise    on  L»,  ,1^  «,«,  v^  kMW  vAat  honvr 

Morals  is  next   in  succession   lo   his  nrlcte  

Book  on  Phvaics,  and  this  he  aupposea        ~,  ,         j„,.:„m-  f.,,™  ™,^ 

the    rational    order    of    study.      His        The  great  force  denvable  from  repe- 

Ethica,  therefore,  commence  with  the  "»■-"  "f  ff  """/"T^  ~""''' -  " 

J   i#  ^  ™i,       «».-  1.1,-  verae,   is   little    underatood,   or   quite 

S        ^M'.;.'lT.r  werlMted,  ....  by  tho«,  T.^Uto. 

Tw  i    E"ir        fH„fi„  wh.dwn™t.po;.k«i.»imiioi.- 

That  l.eibmtz,  who  was  fondoi  in-  ,         „   .  i,    „'.    '.-      ,,     ti         •  i.i_ 

.    „       :~    —„     w,.    ^.,h,^,ti^.i  ly  called  "alliteration."     How  richly 

terwoaviog    even    his    matbeinaticai,  ^  j^j  j^        ^^        j  Miltoni 

with  ethical  speculations,  malting  a  jj- ='"""" ji^^  <"=  '"="  ■"■!.•"»  jiuihjub 
medley  raiber  to  be  wondered  at  than       ''"'ous . 

undorstood-lhat  fte  made  no  attempt  ^  j^^  ^^^  ^^  g^^^ 

at  amending  the  common  explanation  Their  foil  (Hbnte  never  nit»»— 

of  the  difference  lu  the  sun's  apparent  jy^y  ^ty  liito«',  nU  artort 

sue— this,  perhaps,  is  more  reaUy  a  The  bcijl  and  the  wWnmM  f 

matter  for  marvel  than  that  Dr.  Lard- 

ner  shuuld  look  upon  the  common  ex-  — and  ;^et  it  seems  especially  singular 

planation  aa  only  too  "  learned"  and  that,  with  the  fuil  and  noble  volume  of 

too  "  metaphyaical"  for  an  audience  in  tbe  long  i  resounding  in  his  ears,  the 

Yaakee-Laud.  poet  sbonld  have  written,  in  the  IsM 

—  line,  "  beryl,"  when  he  might  so  weQ 

That  "troth  is  stranger  than  fiction"  hare  written  "onyx." 
is  an  adage  for  ever  in  the  mouth  of  the  — 

*  Samutaad;  or  a  Vocabulary  of  the  ptenUar  languagt  tutdbylhe  TKiig;mih 

tm  InfrodadiOn  and  Jppmdix  ducriplivt  of  Uu  Syttm  purtutd  ^  Aof  FraUrnity, 

andi^tltt  Meat%TttadoptidijilluSapnme  GovtnunaU  qf  India  far  ill  Bujiprtttion,^ 
Calcidta,  1836.  ^^ /-»,-.,-*  Ir» 

t'TA*  Briiii  t^  Fvrt  £<(«iiwii(."— Anoaymoui.  VjUUyH^ 


c&il]'  telling  a  poetical  Btory-     Bj  this       The  defenderB  of  thi>  pitiable  *tn^ 


494  .  Injatuelion.  [Nov, 

HooiB  hM  beeo  noud  for  the  ntita-  Id  "  Alcipbron"  we  see  this  «xemp1t- 

bei  and  appoaiteneu,  as  well  &a  novelty  fied.     Here  the  minute  and  perplexed 

of  hu  Btmiles ;  and  the  renown  thus  incidenla  of  the  descent  into  the  pyn- 

acquired  is  indicial  of  his  deficiency  in  mid,  are  detailed,  in  yene,  with  qnhe 

that  noble  merit — the  noblest  of  alL  as  much  precision  and  intelligibili^  w 

No  poet  IhoH  distingniahed  was  ever  could  be  attained  even  by  the  eoolett 

lichlj  ideal.     Pope  and  Conper  are  proMofHr.  Jeremj' Bentham. 
inatanees.     Direct  similes  are  of  too        Moore    has    TiTacitj ;    rerbal    and 

palpably   artificial   a   aharacter  to   be  eonatmctive  dexterity  ;  a  mnsical  ear 

arUatical.    An  artist  will  always  coO'  not    sufficiently    enltivated ;    a    Tirid 

tti*e  to  weave  his  illnatrattons  into  the  bnoy ;  an  epigrammatic  apirit ;  aod  a 

metaphorioal  form.  fine  taste — a* far  at  ■'(  gots. 

Moore  hasa  peculiar  ftkcilityinjproer' 
jally  telling  a  poetical  Btory.     By  tl  . 

I  mean  that  be  praserres  toe  tone  and  npbold  it  on  the  ground  of  its  tmtlifiil- 

metiiod  of  arrancement  of  a  prose  rela-  ness.     Taking  the  thesis  into  qnestion, 

tioD,  and  thus  oStains  great  adTsntage,  thia  tmthfulneai  is  the  one  oTerwhelm- 

in   important   points,  over  bia  more  ing  defect.     An  original  idea  lliat — to 

Kilted  compeers.     His  is  no  poetical  land  the  accuracy  with  which  the  stone 

»tyU  (sneh  as  the  French  have — a  dis-  ia  hnried  that  knocks  ns  in  the  head, 

tinet  style  for  a  distinct  purpose)  bat  A  little  less  accuracy  might  hare  left 

an  easy  and  ordinary  proae   rnannar,  us  more  hraina.     And  here  are  critics 

which  rejectB  the  licenses  beeaose  it  abedutely  commending  the  trutfaliilness 

does  not  require  them,  and  is  merely  with  which  only  the  disa^eeahle  is 

onumunledintopoelri/.     By  means  of  conveyed!     In  my  Tiew,  if  an  artist 

thia  manner  he  is  enabled  to  encounter,  mast  paint  decayed  cheeses,  his  merit 

efieclually,  details  which  would  baffle  will  lie  in  their  looking  as  little  like 

any  other  veraifier  of  the  day  ;  and  at  decayed  cheeses  as  possible. 
w^ch  Lamartine  would  stand  aghast. 

(To  be  eontmued.) 


INFATUATION. 

(A  potm  ipiAm  bc(br«  tba  Haetntlle  Library  AaBOClBUaii  oT  BadoD,  Octobo  9, 1M4.} 
BT    PARK   BEHJAHIN. 

Orce  on  a  time,  as  sacred  books  proclaim, 

There  lived  a  man,  and  Adah  was  his  name. 

Without  a  peer,  sublimely  lone  he  stood 

In  that  fair  world,  pronounced  by  Wisdom  "  good." 

Monareh  of  all,  the  lait  of  all  was  be ; 

Lo !  Earth  wae  there  and  firmament  and  sea, 

Bird,  beast,  fish,  inseot,  perfect  in  ihetr  kind. 

The  myriad  subjects  of  a  single  mind. 

Vast  was  his  empire,  uncontrolled  his  reign, 

Lake,  river,  forest,  mountain,  desert,  plam  ; 

Wide  wastes  of  sand  beneath  the  tomd  zone, 

And  isles  of  ice  where  Winter  builds  his  throne, — 

All,  thongh  nnseen,  were  his  by  Heaven's  command. 

The  first,  great  bounty  of  his  Maker's  hand. 

But  not  the  best :  the'  beat  was  yet  to  rise  ; 

A  aofUr  star  was  glimmering  in  the  skies, 

A  fresher  flower  was  nailing  to  be  bom, 

A  sweeter  warbler  to  ulule  the  taorn. 


=1  Google 


IrifatwUion. 

Thoo^tB,  wishes,  dresms,  enwitions,  putiona  cue, 
And  nt  ihe  that  of  his  soul  with  Qaine. 
Asleep,  at  noontide,  in  s  bowei  he  ]ij, 
SciBBDed  b;  ihick  foliage  from  the  mze  of  isj; 
Asleep  indeed,  if  that  be  Bleep  whi^  kaowa 
The  joj  bIoqo,  the  raplnre  of  repose. 
The  sii  wu  bashed,  sud  leaves  do  iiiotton  made 
Enough  to  break  the  picture  of  the  shade; 
Ifo  note  was  beard,  no  mutmai  broke  the  spell, 
And  deeper  slumber  upon  Adam  IbII. 

He  woke.    What  Tision  bright  before  him  glowed ! 
Throogh  arery  rein  what  new  enchantiiieDt  Sowed ! 
What  etTBDge,  sweet  odors  filled  the  purple  air ! 
The  earth  how  ^en,  the  lircDameot  now  &ii ! 
How  with  exnlting  billows  laughed  the  sea ! 
How  danced  the  winds  in  sportive,  tameless  glee  t 
He  knew  not  why — but  sense  and  being  seeoied 
Lost  in  the  dawn  of  tender  lieht,  that  beamed 
like  the  soft  plumes  of  seraphs,  far  descried 
Whan  lovelj  daj  in  loveliei  evening  died. 
Oh,  let  me  not  with  feeble  pencil  trace 
Thy  form,  moat  beauteous  of  thy  charming  race ! 
Thou  had'at  a  bard,  transcendant  and  alone. 
And  now  a  sculptor  claims  thee  for  his  own. 
By  Hilton's  muse  endeared,  tbj  beauties  lire 
In  all  tbe  fame  that  Poetry  can  give  ) 
The  marble  soon  shall  equal  chums  receive. 
And  PowiBS,  Heaven-guided,  mould  a  MCoDdEvB. 

The  happj  hoars,  thoee  blissful  shades  among. 

Of  our  Bret  parents,  minstrels  oft  have  sang ; 

Bright  eyes  have  wept,  and  blooming  cheeka  giowa  ptle 

O'er  the  aad  pages,  tnat  record  tbe  tale 

Of  cnrt'd  IiirATVATioii,  which  we  call. 

With  gallsntiy  unequalled,  "Adam't  fall." 

Enough  that  ha  bom  realms  of  peace  was  hurled, 

Eoongh  that  he,  unhappy,  lost  a  world. 

Lost  throuBih  temptation,  that  by  woman  came^ 

Why  should  the  sm  she  prompted  bear  hia  name  1 

Tis  ever  thus  -.  the  captive  hugs  his  chain. 

The  exile  welcomes  years  of  grief  and  pain. 

The  conqu'ror  fields  the  empire  be  has  won, 

By  woman's  wiles  enchanted  and  undone. 

Yet,  by  parenthesis,  I'm  free  to  eay 

I  would  have  been  like  Adam  every  way; 

If  Eve  had  erred  I  would  have  shared  her  lot. 

And  ate  the  apple,  had  she  asked  or  not. 

Of  her  bereft,  could  Eden  Eden  prove, 

Or  that  be  Paradise,  wtiieh  was  not  Love! 

Infatuation!  In  the  serpent's  hiss 

First  came  thy  power  to  banish  human  bliss, 

To  blind  the  spirit,  dim  the  ^ark  divine, 

And  quench  the  lamp  that  burns  on  Reaaon'a  shriao. 

Thou  wast  in  oldest  time  the  bane,  the  ban. 

As  thou  art  now  the  plague  and  pest  of  man. 

From  thee  spring  nuin'rous  evils,  ateAt  and  small ; 

Touth  bows  to  thee,  and  manhood  needs  thy  call ; 

Maids,  wives  and  widows  hasten  to  obey 

Thy  voice,  and  follow  where  Ihoa  ptnnt'at  Uie  wsy ;   -^  giti 


I  =y  Google 


Infatutiiion. 

No  matter  what  ihj  words,  oi  where  they  lead, 
CrowdB  rush  tumnltoous,  &nd  fresh  crowds  eacceed. 
Thus  have  I  sees  beQeath  an  open  sky. 
Long  lines  of  gome  on  balanced  pinions  fly; 
Thus  have  I  seen  along  a  broken  plain 
Full  flocks  of  sheep  raa  on  with  might  and  main; 
Tbns  dowD  the  rock,  that  suy:   "    '      ' 
Leap  the  piled  watera  with 

Infatuation  governs  all  by  toine; 

Now  here,  now  there  with  various  force  it  bume ; 

Fanned  by  the  ^le  of  popular  desirei 

Nothing  cao  stop  its  BWiFlly  speeding  fire ; 

But  far  and  wide  the  flames  increasing  roll, 

Kejotce  in  havoc  and  defy  control. 

So  on  BOTDB  boundless  praitie  of  the  West, 

When  constant  suns  have  scorched  its  fertile  breas^ 

The  hunter  sees,  perchance  at  day's  decline 

When  moon  and  stars  in  Heaven's  soft  aiure  shine, 

Wherever  he  directs  his  wondering  gaze, 

The  rank,  tall  grass  for  miles  and  miles  ablaie: 

Wave  dashed  on  wave,  the  conflagration  roara — 

A  sea  of  fire  with  no  surrounding  shores. 

Secnre  in  diatance,  and  the  gale  behind, 

The  hunter  gases  with  a  placid  mind  ; 

Amazed  to  think  how  one  small  spark  that  came 

From  one  small  flint  should  £11  the  sky  with  flame. 

Thus  looking  on,  with  philosophic  thought, 

The  min  oft  by  human  folly  wrought. 

The  humble  bard  may  vcntnre  to  deplore 

The  same  wild  scenes  enacted  o'er  and  o'er, 

And  find  enough,  however  scant  and  stale, 

"  To  point  a  moral  and  adorn  a  tale." 

Oh,  Philadelphia!  how  dost  then  disgrace 
The  name  and  creed  of  that  peace-loving  racCi 
That.band  of  quiet,  mild  and  silent  men. 
Who  date  their  ancestrj  from  William  Penn ! 
What  drops  of  pity  most  the  patriot  shed. 
When  he  remembers  thy  illustrious  dead ; 
When  he  laments  thy  violated  trust. 
Sees  Riot  trample  on  their  honored  dnst. 
And  Rapine  stalk  with  Carn^e  hand  in  hand 
Among  the  tombs  that  consecrate  the  land  ! 
Tbat  land,  once  called  the  refuse  of  mankind, 
Home  of  the  poor  and  haven  of  the  mind, 
Where,  free  as  air,  th'  oppressed  of  all  the  eatth 
Might  come  like  children  to  a  father's  hearth. 

Tell  me,  my  countrymen,  are  these  the  times 

Boasted  in  speecbeB,  magnified  in  rhymea, 
'  By  turgid  period  and  bombastic  phrase 

Extolled  so  boldly  on  onr  festal  days. 

When  fiannting  flsga  delight  the  truant  eye, 

And  bellowiDo:  guna  with  loud  declaimers  vie  * 

And  is  tlii»  I>wdom  1  Sach  the  welcome  given 

To  those  who  leave  for  our  their  native  heaven  i 

Biraogerl  retom  npon  your  ocean-path ; 

Here  sweeps  the  flood  of  patriotic  wratb, 
.  Here  glow  ania  the  Baerile^ooa  fires,  f'  I 

Here  Jostice  droopt  ud  eli&n^  eipire*,  Ugitizod  sy  vjOOQIC 


18U.]  ^abiatitm.  Vft 

Scunetimes  a  cQ&Tenl,  then  a  ahaTBh  we  born,    '  ' 

Tbe  pleasant  pastimsB  that  our  chiidieo  learn  ; 
Anon  «e  alay — to  qnell  these  horrid  Boenea — 
An  end  that  sarelj  aanctifies  the  meaoe. 
Talk  not  of  injuries  \  OoA'e  statntee  still 
From  Sinai  tbundeied,  bid  ''  Thoa  shait  not  kill :" 
And  (ell  me  not  that  all  beneath  our  clime, 
Shan  Dot  the  blatoe,  though  guiltless  of  the  orime ; 
We  are  Americans  by  bond  and  blood, 
From  Georgia's  swampa  to  Niagara's  flood. 
Lei  Riot  rage  or  credit  fail  and  die, 
Wa  all  are  cnlprits  in  the  general  eje  \ 
The  voice  of  Europe  no  distinction  draws, 
A  common  country  makes  a  common  caused 
The  deeds  and  laws  of  States  alike  nnknowD, 
To  foreign  powers  the  Union  apeaka  alone. 
If  Pennayivania  refuse  to  pay, 
If  Indiana  name  a  distant  day, 
If  Illinois  and  Mississippi  act 
Like  brave  defaulters  and  confess  the  fact, 
If  Maryland  suspend  on  either  shore 
Her  legal  paymenia  twenty  years  and  more ; 
Not  they,  except  in  name,  the  judgment  bear, 
Though  on  their  brows  the  slaTish  brand  thej  wear. 
We  are  accused  :  our  fame  and  honor  lost, 
And  they  are  swindlers  at  the  country's  cost. 
When  will  ye  learn,  oh  je  of  liltle  &ith. 
That  crime  is  worse  thui  indigence  and  death  ) 
And  honesty,  high  theme  of  Franklin's  pen, 
Best  policy  of  nationa  aa  of  men  ! 

Oh,  aage  philosopher  !  oould'sl  thou  behold  ^^ 

How  cbanged  are  all  [hinge  ainee  the  days  of  oM,  V 

When  from  tbe  clouds  thou  drew'st  the  lightning  doWB 
'    And  to  "  poor  Richard"  gare  a  wide  tenown^— 
How  would  amazement  seiie  thee  at  the  word, 
REFiniii,TioN  ;  first  b;  mortals  heard 
In  this  our  age,  our  country,  and  confessed 
The  stamp,  the  blazon  of  Columbia's  ciest ! 
Unfold  what  counsel  would  be  thine  to-day  : 
What  would  "  Poor  Richard"  to  his  readers  aay  T 
"Oh,  friends!  oh,  brothers!  hear  a'paEriot's  prayer  : 
Pay  all  your  debts,  no  matter  how  or  where ; 
Fay  all  your  debts,  leave  not  a  penny  more 
Than  keeps  starvation  from  a  beggar's  door  r 
Sell  your  best  coat,  your  hat,  your  shoes  beside — 
Bare-footed  honesty  may  strut  in  pride, 
Bare-headed  worth  maintains  a  special  grace, 
Credit  in  weeds  shames  villainy  m  lace ; 
And  be  who  pays  is  always  he  who  rules, 
For  debt  make  slaves  a*  idleness  makes  ibols." 
Thus  might  the  voice  which  Senates  heard  with  awe, 
In  homely  lines  proclaim  a  righteous  law.  - 

Hot  bankrupt  states,  exnlting  o'er  the  spoil 
Of  riches  atolen  from  the  hoards  of  toil ; 

Not  men,  grown  furious  as  the  fagot's  blaze  | 

Unveiled  Christ's  symbols  to  their  fiend-like  gaie ;  j 

Not  these  alone,  with  all  their  awful  liain,  | 

Inspire  deep  dread  and  infinite  disdain. 

Tbe  star  of  empire  on  its  westward  sway  I 

On  mobs  and  murder  pours  itatianqnil raj.  tOOofc 


TOL.   ir.— NO.  LXIVII.  34 


Falta  pni^ioU  piewb  mad  falM  MieTers  tbtoDg 
In  hnea  aocnned  by  TioUace  and  wrong.  , 

Still  from  the  South  DiEuaiaa'a  impiouB  huid 
Flinga  a  dt.rk  bumer  to  ihs  atartleJ  land  ; 
Waves  o'ei  the  a!lu  which  our  &then  nlted 
The  aajue  red  torch,  that  long  ia  terror  Usaed, 
Till  he  nbo  ruled,  a  monaroh  save  in  name, 
DenonDced  the  treason  and  mppteaaul  the  flame. 
From  themes  uopleasing  tarn  we  to  sDrvey, 
The  giddy  dance  thai  makea  the  people  gay. 
Thus  after  tragedy  the  iarce  appears. 
And  ladies  smile  through  overflowing  tears  : 
So  smile  the  rainbows  cloud  and  vapor  ihrought 
So  smile  the  roses  'mid  their  tears  of  dew. 
Now  o'er  the  world  In&tualion  sheds 
The  Polka's  poppies  into  vacant  heads. 
Asleep,  the  Polka  seems  a  tangled  maze, 
Awake,  ihe  Polka  prompts  a  hundred  lays ; 
Polka  the  balls,  the  balls,  the  calls  resound. 
And  Polka  skims,  Camilla-like,  the  ground. 
Where  roves  in  grovea  the  nonaense-doating  nymph. 
And  dreams  by  streams  as  smooth  and  clear  aa  lympfa, 
Some  leaf  as  briel*  aa  woman's  love  flits  by, 
And  brings  dear  Polka  lo  her  pensive  eye. 
So  in  swift  circles,  backward  forward  wheeled, 
The  Polka's  graces  were  at  first  revealed : 
Perchance  some  postnre-master — happy  man! 
From  Nature  drew  the  Polka's  pretty  plan. 
Oh,  wondrous  figure,  exqnisitely  stepp  d  1 
In  thee  who  would  not,  should  not  be  adept  \ 
Oh,  Polka !  Polka !  wherefore  art  thou  so ! 
I've  asked  ten  dandies,  and  the  ten  "  don't  know." 
How  wide,  how  ebsolule  must  be  thy  reign. 
When  ancient  dames  attempt  the  task  in  vain. 
When  modern  Shaiterlys  a&ect  the  beau. 
And  feebly  twirl  the  paralytic  toe  1 
Oblivious,  wrapped  in  thy  delicions  trance, 
See  girls,  lumed  Bayaderes,  complete  the  dance ; 
With  grace  so  witching  and  with  art  so  true,'' 
Ellaler  might  pale  with  envy  at  the  view, 
Cerito  languish,  Taglioni  sigh. 
To  think  their  nights  of  trinrnph  fleeted  by. 
The  modest  waltz,  by  Byron  fitly  sung, 
And  coyly  tripping  from  Anaoreon'a  tongue. 
Yields  to  the  Polka's  more  bewildering  arts, 
That  weave  new  roeshee  over  female  hearts. 
We  want  a  poet — oan  our  clime  afford 
One  pure  aa  Little,  moral  aa  my  Lord  f 
Oh.spar'd  by  satire,  let  the  passions  play. 
While  music  speaks  what  language  cannot  say! 
I  love  lo  see,  where  Fashion  holds  her  court, 
*  Such  harnriesB  freedom  with  such  pleasant  sport; 
It  shows  a  proper  disregard  of  forms, 
Tlie  brain  it  soAens  and  the  bosom  warms, 


My  muse,  discursive,  takes  a  bolder  spring. 
And  "  IranscoDdenlal"  aoara  on  lofty  wing. 
Let  none  imagine  1  shall  dare  to  spend 
My  little  strength  npon  so  vast  ah  end, 


I  =y  Google 


To  mcfclc  the  atyle  which  atrikea  dr««tiaa  mote ! 
An  hombler  purpote,  lowlier  &im  be  mine 
Than  in  faoiaatic,  borrowed  robes  to  aluDe. 
Mine  be  Ihe  taali  in  simple,  Suon  Terse,  - 
With  some  fsini  mesoing,  cleat,  direct  and  tene, 
Though  friends  of  esnt  sod  foes  of  fact  despia*. 
Ad  old  aeqD&intance  to  apoetrophiie. 
Hail,  Understiuiding !  in  the  days  of  jore 
More  priied  than  jewels  and  the  goldeo  ore ; 
By  book-men  deemed  esMnlial  as  the  l^ht 
That  guides  a  trarell^r  thioogh  the  gloom  of  night. 
With  CommoD-BCDsA  'twu  thy  delight  to  go, 


More  close  than  ye,  ere  license  loosed  the  tongiWi 
And  taught  the  pen  mure  antics  to  perfoim 
Than  lig-zag  ligbtobga  in  a  summer  storm. 
Bomtd  by  DO  stronger  ligament  are  they. 
Who  ptmi^ed,  Bulwer,  thy  prodigious  lay  ! 
As  well  might  £litg  from  Chang  attempt  to  fiy. 
Or  Chang  to  Eng  for  erer  bid  "  good  by," 
A*  thoo,  bright  UndeTstaading,  to  dispense 
With  thy  twin-brother,  sober  Cammoo-sensa. 
And  are  there  any,  who  hare  dared  to  part 
Those  joined  by  Natnre  and  attached  by  Art  ? 
Reply,  ye  mystics,  minions  of  the  moon  ; 
Strayers  in  shadow,  while  it  yet  is  noon  : 
Loiterers  in  labyrinths  without  a  clew ; 
PetTerse  explorers  after  something  new ! 
Ye  modern  oracles,  whose  leares  contain 
More  hopeless  riddles  for  the  reeling  brain, 
Than  ever  Sybil  in  hei  loaddest  mood. 
Tossed  on  the  wind  that  wared  her  sacced  wood, 
Arise,  ye  dim,  and  mutter  answois  odd. 
Vouchsafe,  like  Bnrleigh,  a  mysterious  nod  ; 
Declare  how  sense  and  sound  were  first  divorced. 
How  to  strange  jargon  language  oan  be  forced  ; 
How  tropes  and  similes  can  be  displayed 
Like  scenes  on  teacups,  landscapes  on  brocade — 
So  mixed  and  jumbled,  twisted  and  turned  round. 
Trees  elbow  sesA,  and  sky  contends  with  ground ; 
And  how,  in  sentences  as  long  aa  twalma. 
Meaning  is  rare  as  motion  is  in  calms. 
Oh,  for  a  bisst  from  some  rude  Botean  pen, 
Mover  of  mighty,  scourge  of  little  men. 
To  drive  B&r  these  leaden  clouds  once  more. 
Melt  the  mirage,  reveal  the  aolid  shore. 
And  over  all  Wit's  sparkling  sunshine  pour  ! 
Yel  sport,  ye  goasameis,  jour  little  dsy ; 
Soon  shall  y«  Sa«t  like  morning-mist  away. 
From  Dothing,  nothing  comes,  to  nothing  goe«  ; 
The  air'*  thin  babbles  vanish  whence  they  roae, 
And  on  Fame's  sea  full  many  a  silken  sail 
Buoyed  by  the  zephyr,  perish  in  the  gale. 
But  let  Ihe  critic,  laving  justice,  tell 
Of  that  respect  these  mvstios  merit  well : 
Wild,  vain,  abstruse,  deluded  aa  they  are. 
The  cause  of  virlae  never  do  tbey  mar  : 
Tbey  ate  not  scoffers,  skeptics  and  profanei 


ibey  ate  not  sconars,  siceptics  ana  proiane,  ^  i 

Give  law  no  scandal  noi  leligion  pam,^  .  i  gmzoci  syA-jOOQlC 


lTnlike-~4ranscendent  praiie ! — &  bnunlew  wt, 

EziBling,  •cribblini;,  raming,  tippling  yet! 

Psle  u  their  paper,  poelaaiers  ply 

The  furious  pen  ftnd  roll  the  ecsutic  eye, 

SttinK  Thymes  rsgvdteBs  of  rhetorio  rules, 

Call  Dryden  dull,  and  Pope  and  Cowper  foolt : 

At  one  abort  titting  daab  yoa  oflf  a  ecore 

Of  lOTB-lorn  lyrics,  quicker  far  than  Mnore; 

Or  in  a  monrnfu],  miauithTopic  mood, 

Sing  Bonga  of  shirts,  like  any  one  but  Hood. 

Oh  silly  creatures '.  strive  to  imitate 

As  best  je  may  the  vices  of  the  great : 

Act  noble  Byron  in  the  wild  desire 

To  catch  some  spark  of  his  imiooTtal  fire ; 

In  vacant  musing  waste  the  hours  of  light. 

And  drink  for  inepinition  all  (he  night. 

Not  youra  the  trium)^,  but  the  shame  and  sin, 

Ye  lack  the  genius,  tboug;h  ye  have  the  gin. 

Not  such  wast  thou — of  such  the  pioneer ; 

Oh  minstrel  sweet,  to  hope  and  memory  dear '. 

England's  best  poet,  Scotland's  fsrorite  son. 

Thy  wreath  was  gained  before  tliy  race  was  run. 

While  in  (he  present  thine  lbs  past  appeared. 

Familiar  handa  to  Ihee  a  temple  reared ; 

And  fame  and  honors,  that  await  the  dead, 

Bnsbrined  thy  name  and  crowned  thy  living  head. 

Now  thou  art  gone,  and  o'er  (by  eculp(uTed  tomb 

Britannia  bids  her  freshest  fiela-flowera  bloom. 

By  thee  her  battles  to  the  end  of  time  i 

Are  borne  victorious  in  undying  rhyme,  I 

And  till  ber  navies  sink  to  rise  no  more, 

Tby  lyre  shall  sound  from  stormy  Elsinore.  i 

Hope  has  more  pjeasures  since  by  thee  embalmed,  I 

And  with  tby  aid  more  human  sorrow*  calmed  : 

Oh  tender  poet  I  let  me  trust  and  pray 

That  on  thy  soul  she  poared  a  heavenly  ray, 

And,  never  more  by  Time's  horizon  sealed 

The  realms  thy  fanoy  painted  all  revealed  ! 

Thy  vale,  h-ir  Wyoming,  when  Campbell  died. 

Was  clothed  in  Summer's  garniture  of  pride ; 

On  tby  soil  bosom  should  his  rest  be  made, 

And  ^ou  enfold  him  with  thy  deepest  shade. 

Where  Gertrude  ofl  by  Susquehannah  strayed. 

Put  on  thy  robes  of  sober  Autumn  brown. 

And  mourn  the  hand  that  planted  tby  renown, 

And  let  thy  birds  in  saddest  strains  nemil 

Thy  poet  dead, — beloved,  romanlio  vale ! 

Infatuation !  not  by  them  alone 

Who  twattle.  terilt,  is  thj  dominion  shown  ; 

For  some  >who  speak  and  many  more  who  hear, 

More  mad  than  (bey  who  write  and  read  appear.  • 

Those  quiet  keep,  while  these  go  rambling  ronnd 

Peripatetics  on  no  classic  groand. 

PrMarious  livelihoods  some  people  earn. 

By  teaching  them  from  whom  they  ought  to  lean ; 

Pedlars  of  knowledge,  far  and  wide  they  romm 

To  barter  wares  unsaleable  at  home. 

Such  trieka  of  trade,  snch  puffing  and  snoh  talea  ^--^  . 

Might  vend  t.  cargo  full  of  dami^ed  bales ;  |i  nitizod  sv  vjOOQ  IC 


It^ataatUm, 

What  waste  of  breath,  what  lavishtnent  of  sins 
On  one  poor  pack  uf  calico  and  pins ! 
I  do  not  marvel  that  tn  sell  the;  try, 
I  onlj  wonder  that  the  people  buy. 
The  partial  law  a  licenae  oFl  requires 
From  vagrant  cheats,  whom  walking  neTer  tires, 
And  stops  the  driver  of  a  atora  on  wheels, 
Who,  uncommisaioned,  in  bright  buckets  deals  ; 
Theo  why,  oh  why,  should  wisdoru- pedlars  be 
To  vex  the  town  and  scout  the  country  free  ! 
la  acDso  leas  precious  grown  than  tin  and  tape  T 
Most  hucksters  qualify  and  dolts  escape ! 
Forbid  it,  ye  wise  Solons  of  the  land '. — 
Who  statutes  frame  that  few  can  understand. 
Who  nse  more  words  to  signify  your  will 
Than  !e]f-stjled  doctors  when  they  laud  a  pil). 
And  twiat  up  phraaea  into  snarl  and  plot 
Till  every  sentence  is  a  Gordian  knot, 
That  none  can  loose,  nanght  sever  but  the  paw 
Of  some  ^eat  Alexander  of  the  law  ! 
Forbid  this  throng,  this  wandering  at  Iftige, 
Of  private  beggars  at  the  public  chai^. 
And  make  it  penal  for  a  man  to  prate 
To  crowded  houses  with  an  empty  pate. 

Chier,  matter  Mesmer,  for  tby  sleepy  band 

Should  whips  be  placed  in  every  honeat  hand — 

Not  to  chastise,  but  quicken,  lest  like  those, 

Who  sink  on  snow,  their  misty  brains  be  froze. 

Such  constant  foldings  of  the  hands  to  sleep, 

Bnt  half-alive  these  modera  aluggarda  keep ; 

And  if  somoambulists  must  oAlimes  fall, 

Unless  awakened  by  a  touch  or  call ; 

'Tis  passing  strange  that  some,  more  stupid  grown, 

Permitted  arc  to  go  about  alone. 

Great  faith  it  needs,  according  to  my  view. 

To  trust  io  that  which  nevai  could  be  true. 

"  From  Naiure'a  chain,  whatever  link  you  strike. 

Tenth  or  ten  thousandth  breaks  the  ohain  alike.!' 

A  tmth  immortal  in  immortal  verse. 

That  boys  at  school  unceasingly  rehearse, 

But  which  grown  men  infatuated  aputn 

Aj  only  Gt  for  boys  at  achuoL  to  learn. 

Laugh  not  or  sneer,  my  magnetising  friend, 

I  reverence  things  I  cannot  uomprelrand, 

Bnt  doutit  if  Nature  inierritpts  her  rule* 

To  foster  charlataos  and  tickle  fools. 

And  yet  what  marvel  <  why  the  age  upbraid  t 
Since  men,  like  maidens,  lore  to  m  betrayed  ; 
And  quacks,  like  rake«,  tbouKh  all  the  world  detent, 
Are  always  praised,  rewarded  and  caress'd. 
Rich  Vice,  full- feasted,  looks  with  leorn  behind 
Un  poor  Integrity,  who  baa  not  dined  ; 
Great  Humbug,  driving,  deigns  not  to  salute 
Ignoble  Science,  trudging  home  oii  foot  : 
By  Doctor' Dunce  is  Doctor  Skill  reviled. 
And  Doctor  Jackson  yields  to  Doctor  Wild'. 
But  let  the  batd,  who  quackery  makes  his  song, 
Record  this  fact — her  triumphs  are  not  long  ; 


syGoOg    I 


InfattutioH.  [l^M*! 

To-d&f's  best  reniBdy  lo-moirow  dmds, 

And  some  new  Meamer  tarns  murtudf  hokda. 

Here  odd  with  doeea  infioiulj  tinall. 

And  here  another  with  no  doBs  at  all; 

Here  uoe  avera  that  naught  bnt  brandj'a  mra, 

And  here  another  poffa  the  water-cure. 

Thus,  through  all  grades.  Infatuation  ewaji 

The  minds  of  people  ia  a  thoiiaand  ways,  * 

Which  mbre  white  sheets  wonld  eollr,  filly  told, 

Than  the  whole  earth,  not  filled  with  boou,  would  hold. 

All  ages  have  their  rages,  more  or  less, 
Aa  changeful  quite  as  creeds  or  modes  of  dress. 
From  that  far  period  of  chiralric  power, 
When  Arms  and  Hearla  alternate  ruled  the  bonr ; 
When  kinga  and  piincea  aonght  the  Hal;  lAod) 
And  priests  and  hermita  led  a  countless  baod  ; 
When  knights  with  lerell'd  lances  lode  amaio, 
And  scores  of  aqaiies  and  aeriiog  men  were  alain ; 
When  Beauty  then  and  then  Devotion  held 
The  world  in  thrall  and  fierce  harbariana  qnelled ; 
When  gay  Romaace  the  dullest  hraia  could  lure, 
And  every  lady  owned  s  troubadour — 
Down  to  our  day  when  talenia  toil  for  pelf 
And  no  man  fights  for  any  but  himself; 
When  cold  Reality  at  Fiction  mooks, 
And  Fancy  gives  no  title,  save  to  stocks ; 
Have  all  mankind  and  maokind'e  betler  half 
Bowed,  like  the  Hebrews,  to  so  me  temporal  calf; 
And  whether  low  or  loHy,  meek  or  bold, 
Adored  that  most  which  most  was  made  of  gold. 
Gold !  matched  with  thee,  what  necroitiftDe«r'«  MM 
Can  arms  subdoe  or  conquer  human  hearts  ^ 
What  foll^,  madness  could  the  serpent  tempt 
From  which  thy  myriad  creatures  are  exempli 
What  ra^e  so  absolute  has  ruled  so  long. 
The  praise  of  satire  and  the  scorn  of  sonffl 
More  than  Ambition's  are  thy  victims  told. 
And  Beauty  beads.  Devotion  stoops  to  gold. 
In  the  great  city,  fall  of  whirl  and  din. 
The  shrine  of  pleasure  and  the  haunt  of  sin, 
Where  Pity  meets  along  the  crowded  way 
Precocious  guitt  and  prematnre  decay. 
And  tottering  eld  with  looks  profanely  cast 
On  bare-faced  lewdness  sweeping  boldly  paat ; 
Nobs  with  sleek  steeds  and  snolra  on  meagre  nag*, 
Pride  robed  in  silks  and  Poverty  in  rag* — 
So  throng  the  money-changers,  faith  believea 
That  prayer's  high  houses  are  but  dens  of  thievts. 
From  all  Gold's  votarica  let  me  picture  one, 
No  object  new  or  strange  beneath  the  sun. 

Ton  pallid  wretch,  on  whose  bent  brows  yoo  titM 
The  frequent  farrows  Time  can  ne'er  eflitce, 
Thnagh  by  no  hand  of  bis  implanted  there, 
The  slave  of  avarice  and  low-thonghied  care. 
Lives  in  a  duneeon,  drags  a  wea^  ohaini 
And  fills  his  mind  to  basest  nse  of  gain. 
Wears  Heaven  to  him  the  aspect  of  a  friend! 
Do  vernal  airs  one  consolation  lend  I 


=1  Google 


ISU.]  /n/oAMlim. 

Cornea  geaul  wftrmth  in  BmntDM's  oulj  heon  1 
,  Breathes  there  a  blesaiog  ftoin  autumnal  floweret 

Joj  to  hie  heut  and  vigoi  to  bia  Itame 
Bring!  generous  wiuiei  with  it*  fiieaide  flame  1 
To  bua  alike  all  aeuonB  and  their  change, 
Few  aie  hia  wishea,  ciicumscribed  their  range ; 
Through  the  dull  alreeta  indifferent  he  goes 
When  the  breeze  rnstlea  and  the  tempest  blows. 
Intent  on  gold,  bright  planets  in  the  skies 
Seem  bnt  half-eagles  to  hia  yellow  eyes. 
And  light  of  poetry  hia  soul  eateems 
Except  when  silver  mingle*  with  il«  stretou. 
Old  eie  hia  prime,  eziatenee  waateaawaj, 
His  fuU-fed  lamp  emita  a  flickering  ray, 
Hia  once  Snn  fuotstepi  falter  ne^i  the  tomb, 
Disease  proclaims  and  Death  will  seal  his  dootn. 
Some  day  when  Fortune  shall  her  farora  send, 
And  brilliaDt  luck  on  long-laid  schemea  attend. 
When  gained  tbe  prise  for  which  hia  peaee  wu  seld, 
He  eh^  depart  and  leave  bta  life  in  gold. 


A  Uule  longer,  to  adotD  my  page, 

Keep  we  the  carlain  up  from  HammoD'e  stage. 

Some  alight  aronaeioeDt  may  the  acene  aSbr£~ 


Who  looks  for  leamirig  at  ■  broker's  boatd  1  ■ 

Behold  a  table,  not  with  dainties  spread, 

Bnt  ink  and  pens  and  eleoder  books  instead. 

Who  are  the  gnesls !    Some  fifty  eager  aoule. 

Whom  money  charms  and  lust  of  gain  coatrols. 

How  cool  and  calm  and  yet  how  swifl  the  flow 

or  conreraatioa  through  that  cyphering  row ! 

Tbey  qoeation  figurea,  figures  they  reply — 

Those  crooked  falsehoods,  which  they  say  can't  lie. 

Who  woold  imagine  thousanda  lost  and  won — 

This  fool  enriched  and  that  wise  man  undone ; 

By  words  so  rapid  that  their  sense  is  lost 

To  all  stTe  those  who  count  and  feel  ifaecoMt 

Not  in  your  halls,  Frasoati,  hung  with  lights 

Fnoogh  to  decorate  Cimmerian  nights. 

Were  sums  more  dazzling  stsked  on  red  and  blaclc, 

Or  the  wierd  pisiares  of  apastebosrd  pack. 

There  dokea  with  princes,  lords  with  generals  played, 

Here  "  bulla"  and  "  beats"  promiscooas  are  arrayed. 

The  former  spent  no  fortunes  but  Iheir  own. 

The  latter  larish  others  wealth  alone. 

What's  theirs  is  no  one's  ;  babbles  sre  not  rocks, 

The  eynonym  for  money  is  not  stocks  ; 

The  high  to-day  to-morrow  are  the  low, 

They  come  like  shadows  and  like  shadows  go. 

Blown  by  a  breath,  the  foam-bells  apward  soar, 

A  breath  aseaiia  them  and  they  toech  the  shore ; 

Perehanoe  again  to  float,  agun  to  sink. 

And  draw  more  ventorera  to  Ruin's  brinlc 

Sweet  Speonlation !  Cuob  nerer  gave 

A  cup  eo  ehanning  as  thv  gilded  wave ; 

Her's  tmnerormed  men,  the  legend  says,  t»  swine, 

Bnt  larger  animals  are  made  by  thine. 

And  well  the^  know  who  at  the  table  ail, 

WbeiD  praeuaed  cnnaing  lakes  the  place  of  wit, 

Thy  power  to  dupe,  infatuate,  and  win 

All  who  hare  that  the  talgar  christen  "  tin  \"  • 


izodsi  Google 


InfalMatwn. 

Therefore  to  thee  are  full  libations  poured, 

Oil  fickia  godden,  at  the  broker's  boaid  ! 

Yet  liealth  to  enterprise,  raceeaa  to  tnde. 

Increase  to  wealth  bj  honest  labor  made ; 

Long  may  the  merchant  prosper — Commerce  keop 

Her  well-won  empire  o'er  the  sahjeot  deep. 

Long  through  tha  land  may  Thrift  fay  Science  led, 

New  powers  develops  and  new  boantles  spread. 

Blessed  be  the  hand  which,  liberal  as  the  sun, 

Dispenses  gold  1^  toil  and  talents  won. 

Stewards  of  Heaven,  a  few  there  are  who  lire 

As  if  to  get  were  poorer  Iban  to  givo. 

And  more  trae  jo;  in  acta  of  goodnese  la; 

Than  all  that  Fortune  gives  or  takes  away. 

Though,  like  all' poets,  gold  I  worship  not, 

And  may  not  keep  the  little  I  hare  got, 

Lest  thrODgh  my  heart  the  mst  of  avarice  eat 

And  then  Fame  s  garland  money  seem  more  sweet, 

la  riches  fairly  gained  and  nobly  spent, 

I  see  the  longed-for  prize  of  life — concent ; 

Albeit  the  jewel  we  should  covet  most 

la  Faith's  and  Virtoe's,  never  Fortnne's  boast. 

Though  pnraa-proud  cits  with  smoothly -ahaven  chins, 

Who  think  one  Sanday  blots  a  week  of  sins, 

And  patriot-sharpers,  who  on  bargains  dole. 

And  sell  their  honor  as  they  sell  their  vote. 

The  hnmble  man  who  strives  to  earn  his  ^ad, 

The  way  his  hands  can  best  sabserre  his  head. 

May,  with  a  hearty  gensrous  bate  abjure — 

He  lootns  to  shout  "the  rich  against  the  poor." 

Insensate  cry  1  by  demagognes  and  knaves, 

Pealed  in  the  ears  of  drones  and  dupes  and  sJavM, 

And  echoed  back  with  dl  a  rabble's  rage, 

To  shame  RepoUics  and  disgrace  oor  age. 

But  cease,  oh  Muse,  nor  thus  the  theme  prolong, 

Lest  it  turn  out  a  sermon,  not  a  song  ; 

Lest  gentle  sleep  descend  with  downy  plume 

And  seal  at  once  fair  eyelids  snd  my  doom. 

Let  folly  flourish  !  five  la  bagatelle ! 

Be  blithe  and  merry — for  the  world  is  well ; 

To  make  it  better  why  should  I  aspire  ^ 

Frail  is  my  harp  snd  faint  its  master's  fire. 

Not  his  the  skiU  to  wdie  the  slumbering  mind, 

Establish  truth  and  meliorate  mankind. 

To  softer  melodies  that  harp  attune, 

With  sweeter  visions  let  my  soul  conunone  ; 

And  best  of  all  this  strain  shall  be  confess'd ; 

The  last  new  nonsense  ever  is  the  best. 


There  is  a  madneaa,  gentle  a«  the  dove. 

Well-known  to  poets,  and  the;  call  it  lovt. 

What  tales  ore  told  to  celebrate  its  power  ! 

What  dainty  ditties  sung  in  hall  and  bower ! 

What  vows  !  what  sighs !  darts,  duels,  and  despur, 

Embroidered  slippers,  rings,  and  locks  of  hair! 

What  Usrs  of  pleasure  snd  what  smiles  of  griaf  I 

Short  pain  too  lasting  and  long  joy  too  brief! 

Thougli  dark  yet  tkir,  a  falsehood  yet  a  tnidi ;  ^^  . 

Old  age's  retrospect  and  hope  of  youth  i  iinitiz^d  -vCjOOQIC 


Wu  eTCT  M)  mncb  eompKsscd  in  ft  word  1 

Wai  eTei  contradiction  mora  absurd  ! 

By  lore  inapired,  fops  uk«  %  world  of  psina 

To  proTO  that  bodies  may  aiist  lam  braina ; 

The  former  BO  fanUatictJiy  dreaa'd, 

The  latler's  sbaence  may  be  safely  ^eaa'd. 

By  loTe  inspired,  Ihe  scholar  quite  his  hooka 

And  finds  no  leantiag  sare  in  Mary's  looka ; 

How  bright  the  lesson  I  how  sablirae  (he  style ! 

Greek  in  her  glnnce  and  Sanserit  in  ber  amile. 

By  lore  inspired,  the  eaotioua  man  of  trade 

Statta  from  hia  state  and  seeks  the  solemn  shade, 

Leares  hia  large  ledger  and  hia  "  pots"  and  "  peaila" 

For  pic-nio  parlies  and  gr^uious  gltla. 

By  lore  inspired,  the  statesman  yields  the  power 

Of  ruling  Senatea  for  a  lady's  bower ; 

Great  minds  ate  atraved  by  passion  moie  than  fiune— 

Napolboh  felt  and  TvLn  feela^  the  flame. 

CeotTolling  LoTe !  breathes  there  a  nmn  or  boy. 

Who  has  not  known  thy  deai  delieiooe  joy. 

Who  has  not  writ  on  paper  or  on  alata 

Rhymes  withoot  reason,  letters  withont  dat«, 

In jmiaa  of  her  his  darlkig  that  most  be, 

*'  The  hir,  the  soA,  the  inesptessiTe  she." 

If  ihare  be  any  let  him  apeak  at  once, 

"  For  him  have  I  offended  :"  hn'a  a  dnnce  ; 

X  heartlesB  wietoh  to  fly  thy  witching  toils, 

And  "  £t  for  treasons,  stratagenia  and  spoila." 

No  musio  thrills  hia  cold,  iosenaate  soul. 

For  him  in  vain  the  atars  harmonious  toll ; 

For  him  in  vain  the  earth  pals  on  her  bloom, 

The  Spring's  gay  garland  decks  cold  Winter's  tmnb : 

The  foaatains  Hash,  the  frolic  sephyraplay. 

And  Imdding  trees  sssnme  their  green  array. 

Id  rain  for  him,  bright  in  her  cloadless  noon, 

Sails  the  slow  spleiidor  of  the  harrest  moon, 

White  the  hashed  landscape  in  the  mellow  beam 

Sleeps  as  if  conseioos  of  some  happy  dream. 

For  him  the  roaes,  lovers  of  aweet  dewa, 

In  rain  their  perfames  throa^  the  air  diffnse 

And  show  tho  diamonds  in  their  veWet  lapa : 

At  him  in  «ain  the  ladies  set  their  caps. 

He  lives  that  lonely,  miserable  thin^ 

Of  whom  to  frighten  babies  nurses  sing — 

A  honid,  hateful,  selfish,  nangbty  one. 

Whom  matrons  scandalize  and  misses  afaan. 

Whom  no  brief  nights  Console  for  tedions  days — 

Y'elept  a  bachelor,  in  common  phrase. 

Yet  I  wonld  not  with  recreant  Jest  prolane, 

Controlling  Lore,  thy  nndispated  reign  1   - 

Wlist  thongh  to  me  thou  hast  no  fkror  abown, 

I  kneel  stm  snpjdiaRt  at  thy  air-built  tlirone : 

Thy  smile's  sweet  promise  single  men  resign. 

But  when  life's  ray  itsslf  baa  ceaacd  to  shine. 

Oh  charming  lolly !  beantifiil  deceit ! 

Making  rODgh  amoMh,  dim  clear,  and  bitter  aweet ; 


A  word  to  dose  this  free,  diseanire  stnun :  ,—  j 

Not  uttered  idly, nor,  I  trust,  in  rain.  Digitized  by  LjOOQIC 


Yonr  mmmoas  hither  promptly  I  oba^vd, 
A  little  fiightened,  tboafh  notqntte  dumtjod. 
What  1  write  a  poem  in  the»a  rsil-road  timea ! 
Sapply  joong  merchanta  with  domeatio  rh3rDwa  1 
A  bome-made  poem '.  mada  "  to  order"  too, 
Aod  for  Boatoniaaa !  ah,  what  can  I  do ! 
Boston,  the  man  of  literaiure  and  taMe, 
Where  diamoada  paaa  for  diamonda,  paste  ia  paate  1 
HaTO  they  do  barda,  do  oiiaetrela  of  theii  own  ? 
Haa  SpBAona'H  hiffh  Mnae  to  ampler  regigna  flown  ! 
Ia  the  pure  lyre  or  Dana  aileai  atiU ! 
Flows  not  "  Hyperion"  at  hia  dwd  aweet  will  J 
Where  mermura  now  the  liarp  of  Paleatiae  1 
And  where  that  gay,  eDchanutig  Terae  of  tUiM, 
Aty  eariy  friend,  whoae  faiateat  numbera  fell 
Like  the  clear  cadeoee  of  a  deep-toned  belli 
Still,  alave  and  oonqnecor  of  eeience,  rouna, 
Where  duty  ealla  the  brilliant  miikd  of  Houm, 
Hard  ia  tlie  taak  to  ung,  when  iDDBio  faila 
In  each  a  tieai  of  tonefal  nightingalea. 
I  thoDght  of  Liaaiiia'e  &Ue  aodap^ied 
Ite  hnmbliDg  moral  to  mv  eoaring  pride : 
Let  me  not  tempt  too  bold,  too  gtaod  a  strain ; 
Plain  ia  my  aubjeot,  lot  my  tv       ' 


A  aea  of  paper :  haa  it  aooght  in  Tain, 
Attendant  friends,  that  gnieAil  shore  to  gain! 
Haa  my  awift  Toyage  a  ain^  care  bMuiled  1 
Od  my  recital  has  ods kind  lip  amiledl 
If  any  so  "infatuated"  be, 
Right  welcome  ia  anefa  guerdon  tmto  me. 
For  anch  what  songMer  would  not  dare  to  try 
Hia  feeble  winga  beneath  a  taTonng  dtj  t 

Yet,  let  me  not  deny  a  lodier  aim 

Than  that  which  1  hare  ▼  entared  thna  to  elaim. 

If  b;  my  aid  one  tmlh  baa  triumphed,  tben 

Contented  I  reaign  thee,  faithful  pen ! 

Go  to  thy  TOBt  where  never  hand  of  mine 

Can  trace  with  thee  the  rode  yet  earaeat  line. 

Go  to  thy  reat  with  all  that  thou  haat  done^ 

Salliea  of  aenae,  esperimenis  at  fnn, 

Songs,  sonneta,  sstiiea,  epigrams  and  playa, 

The  sport  of  y|oangeT,  tod  ot  older  days — 

Let  none  snniTe  !  (a  most  auperflooue  prayer) 

Bat  all  thy  qniet,  thy  obliTion  share. 

Then,  nnregardful  of  yonr  praiae  or  blaoM, 

Ye  eritic-tribe,  ^e  almoners  of  fame  1 

I  aball  beg  nothing  of  yoar  mercy,  aare 

A  name  unnoted  and  a  peaoeful  grave. 

Enongh  for  me  if  partial  lore  can  tell 

*'  He  worshipped  trath  and  kept  her  preeepta  well ; 

The  false  he  hated,  though  the  worid  leeeirad, 

And  in  impoeiute  never  once  beliered ; 

He  lored  his  kind,  yet  sought  the  lore  of  few. 

And  Talned  old  opinions  more  than  new," 

Be  this  my  epitaph  :  from  man  I  aak 

Thia  meed  alone  for  life'a  laboriooa  task ; 

No  furthei  reeompraae,  no  more  renawn, 

No  greenei  lani^  and  no  brighter  crown.  , 


I  =y  Google 


Mrt.  Batlir't  Pom*. 


Mas.  BUTLER'S  POEMS.' 

TsB    aDDonneement     which   &pp«&r-  the  sngg«ation  that  thej  were  paUi^ 

ed   in   the   Democratio   Rerinw  Mme  ad  wilhoot  any  atriot  refeienoQ  to  lit«- 

mODths  since,  of  aforthconiing  Tolume  nery  reputaiioa,  and  abow  eridentljr 

of  poems  from  the  pen  of  Mri,  Butler,  that  the  fair  author  had  not  the  fear  « 

must  have  been  reoeired  with  unosnal  oriticum  before  hei   eyes.     Many  of 

pleaaure,  if  OUT  ownindividaal  latisfkc-  them  are  the  mere  ebutlitiona  of  b«c 

tioQ  inay  be  in  an  J  degree  the  etitetioa  lively   fancy,   thrown    off    apparantljr 

of  the  general  feeling.     To  the  many  withotit  the  Blightsst  effort,  and  neYW 

tbauaanda,  who,  a  few  yeara  siaca,  re-touched  afierwarda.    The  perfeotion 

thronged  nightly  to  wilneta  her  perioni-  of  a  work  of  art  ia,  doubtleaa,  io  con- 

fieaiion  of  "  the  being*  of  the  mind,"  oaalin^  the  labor  that  prodoeea  it;  but 

when,  in  the  dramatic  world  abe  waa  there  is  a  eaieleaaneae,  or  too  evident 

the  brighteat  particular    alar  of  two  abaeme  of  effort,  that  ia  perhapa  more 

kemiipheroi,  ahe  mutt  be  the  embodied  objectionable  than  the  appearaDce  of 

ideal  of  all  thoae  beautiful  ereationa  of  li^or  itadf. 

the  fancy  that  Aoat  indialinetly  before  Many  of  tbeM    poems,  and  aoint 

ua  like  dreaina  or  abadows,  till  we  among  the  beat  of  them,  are  diaBgnred 

lecogTiiie  them  incarnate  in  tome  Iit-  by  linee  either  a  aylbMe  too  long  ox 

ing,  bteathing  form ;  and  all  those  we  too  abort,  or  by  an  unmuaical  arrange, 

imagine,  to  whom  she  is  sach  a  bright  meit  of  words ;  all  of  which  could 

remembrance,  woold   look  for  her  re-  have  been  remedied  by  a  atroke  of  the 

appearance  in  another  department  of  pen,  and  it  ii  the  certainty  of  the  au- 

art,  with  great  intereat  and  high  ex-  that's  ability  that  renders  the  sin  the 

pectations.     The  few  short  poems  that  leaa  pardooabte  in  the  eyea  of  critioism. 

appeared  in  the  newspapera  and  maga-  For  instance,  in  the  otherwise  exqoi- 

zmea  while  she  was  yet  Mias  Kemble,  site  sonnet,  "  I  would  I  knew  the  ladj 

evinced  tbe  posacBsion  of  great  unde-  of  thr  heart,"  one  line  b^  being  eleven 

veloped  power,  of  a  depth  of  sentiment  syllanlea  long  instead  of  ten,  and  most 

and  force  of  expreasion  that  gave  pro-  inhannoniously    arranged,    mars    the 

mise  ofa  fuller  and  more  perfect  utter-  beauty  of  the  whole  fourteen  :  and  in 

ance.     The  volume  has  at  length  ap-  the  next  poem  two  lines  are  introduced 


individual  experience,  it nudisappoint-  destroy  the  hannony    of  tbe    whole 

ed  in  a  measure  the  high  anticipations  ^ece.     The    frequent    recurreaoe   of 

that  were   formed  of  it.     That  the  in-  anch  small  faults  conatitotes  one  great 

teival  of  nine  or  ten  years  since  the  fault  of  the  volame. 
laat  appearance  of  Mrs.  Butler  before        Auotber   defect   in   many   of  theoe 

the  public  has  not  been  paaeed  in  sacri-  poems  ia  their  want  of  completeness, 

£cin^  to  Apollo  at  the  foot  of  Parnaa-  and  an  abeence  of  the  eomtraotive  &e- 

•Qs,  »  evident  from  tbe  small  number  nity  or  artistic  power.    Too  many  of 

of  the  poema  contained  in  the  volume,  them  are  mere  fragments  ;  brilliant,  Io 

nan;  of  which  have  already  appeared  be  sore,  and  promising  well  for  the 

in  print.     Indeed,  if  we  are  rightly  wealth  of  the  mine  from  whence  thej 

informed,  Pegasua  baa  been    put  in  came,— but    still    fVagments.    In   the 

harness,  or  what  amounts  to  the  same  midst  of  a  train  of  pleasant  fancies  we 

thing,  into  the  hands  of  the  publishers,  tarn  over  the  leaf,  and  lo  1   she  has 

to  secure  the  welfare  of  a  certain  fa-  cbaoged   het  theme  to  begin   a  new 

vorite  vmgitu  steed,  and  not  with  any  atruu,  and  to  end  it  in  ihe  same  way, 

premeditated  intention  of  obtaining  im-  leaving  ua  with  taaie  excited  bat  nn- 

moitalitj.     But  whatever  comes  before  satisfied.     Bat  loeonelnde  out  ungra- 

ths  pubUe  in  tbe  (Questionable  shape  of  cions  task  of  faalt-flnding  in  as  few 

a  book,  critics  will  speak  to,  without  words  as  poaaible,  our   impression   i* 

regard  to  the  causes  of  its  appearance,  that  Mrs.  Butler  has  not  done  herself 

The  poems  themselves  wonid  confirm  jnetice  in  die  volnme  before  as ;  '   -  '- 

■  Poems,  by  France*  Anne  Batltr.    PhUadelphia.    Csry  ft  Rm.    1944. 


:,  Google 


606  Mn.  Buder't  Poant.  [Nor. 

is  v&Inable   inasmuch  bh  it   inlimates  response  in  e*ei7  lonely  heart,  we  ean- 

what  ahe  coald  do,  aa'  if  she  woald.  notfurbear  to  exciact. 
It  is  but  the  fluttering  of  wings  that 

should  soar  lo  the  empyrean.  '"""^  phatek  of  i  loud.?  heaht. 

Many  of  these  poems  indicate   the  "laroalone — oh  be  tbon  uearlo  me 

intenseat  lore  of  nature,  a  spirit  exqui-  Great  God !  from  whom  the  meaaost  «re 
siiely    susceptible    to    her    beautii'ul  not  fa' : 

Bcenes  aod  voices,  and  that  finds  re-  Koi  in  presumplion  of  the  daring  spirit 

Ce  a£  on  a  molhei'a  bosom,  in  her  Stiiviag  to  find  the  tecrets  of  itself, 

fy  Bolitudea,  by  the  rudiing  streams  Make  I  my  weeping  pniTWj  m  the  deep 

and  the  soaod  in  (r  ocean.     Ope  Dine  the  „,       ^."''..  „  ,    ■.      •  « 

Tol.m.u  i.iidom»,  t™.up6.  tti.  prullcrlo.dmns.m.  Ml  I.^V  tb«, 

„       , .  "^  If  the  Torm  may  creep  op  t<rthy  fdlow- 

"  Cover  me  with  yonr  eT^rlaitln;  arms,  Or  dnst,  instinct  with  yeamii^,  rise  to- 

Ye  guardian  giants  of  (his  solitodc  i  wards  thee. 

From  the  ill  sight  of  men,  and  from  [he  I  have  no  fellow,  Father  I  oT  my  kind, 

nde,  None  that  be  kiikdred — none  CMUpaaion 
TomiiltiioDs    din   of  yon   wiU  world's  tome, 

alarms]  And  the   vast  lore,  and    harmmy,  and 
Oh, knit  yonr  mighty  limbs  around,  ahore,  brotherhood 

And  close  me  in  for  ever  I  Let  me  dwell  Of  the  dumb  crcalureB  thon  hast  made  be- 
Wilh  the  wsod-spirils,  ia  the  darkest  cell  low  me, 

That  ever   with  yonr  veidanl  locks  ;e  Teies  my  soul  with  its  own  hitter  lot. 

wove.  Around  me  groir  the  trees,  each  by  the 
The  air  ia  full  of  connllesi  voices,  joined  other. 

In  one  eternal  bymnj    the    whispering  InnumeraUeleavss,  each  like  the  other, 

wlad,  Whisper  and  breathe,  and  live  and  move 
Tie  shnddning  leaves,  the  hidden  water-  together. 

Aronod  ne  spring  the  flowersf  each  rosy 

Balk  sisiers  leaning  their  lair  cheelu 

The  birds  fly  all  above  me ;  not  alone. 
Bat  ooapled  in  Iree  fellowship,  or  master- 
ing 

.       ,     ,      ,   ,  ,        .  A  Joyous  band,  tweeping  in  companies 

noon  in  ths  shade  of  the  overhanging  jhe  wide  blue  fields  between  the  clouds  i 
trees :  the  clonds 

_ Troop  in  society,  each  on  the  other 

Spint  of  all  sweet  sounds!  whom  midair  Shedding,  like  aj-mpalhy,  reflected  light. 

attest  enthroned,  vouchsafe  to  hear  my  The  wstcs,  a  maltitude,  together  mn 

prayerl  Xo  the  (Treat  breast  of  the  receiTing  se«; 

Let  all  those  instmrnsnts  ofmosic  sweet.  Nothing  bot  hath  its  kind,  ils  compa 

That  in  great  nature's  hymn  bear  borthen  OhGodI  lave  I  alone!  then,  let  me 

meet.  Good  Father  I  to  thy  feet,  when  ev«B  h 
ffing  ronnd  this  mossy  pillow,  where  my  now, 

head  Tean,  that  no  hnman  hand  ii  neai  to 
From  the  biightnoon-tideskyis  sheltered.  wipe, 

Thoa  Bonlhem  wind  1   wave,  wave  thy  O'erbrim  mine  eyes ;  oh  wipe  them,  thot^ 

od'rous  wings,  ^y  f  ,Uier  1 

O'eryonr  smooth  channels  gush,  ye  crys-  ^ j,^  ;„  my  heart  the  stores  of  ils  affee- 

tal  spring!  I  tjoo) 

Ye  lanehing  elves  r  thai  through  the  rust-  yHiA  up  unused,  locked  fsst,  are  like  to 

ling  eoto  ^orst 

Run  chattering  j  then  taway^eoated  bee.  The  fleshly  casket,  that  may  not  contain 
Who  at  thy  honey-work  sing'st  drowsily  jl  them, 

A»aTe,ohye(  whos^eet  the  dewy  mom  Let  me  come  nigh  to  theei— accept  (hem 
And  ttagtant  even-tide  with  melody,  thoa, 

YewiM-woodminsBtel^aingmylnllabyl"  Dear  Father  t  Fount  of  tove  I     Compa». 
sionate  God  I 

The  Pooms  entitled  "  Abeenoe,    and  When  in  my  spirit  buns  the  fire,  Iha 
"  The  Pnyei  of  a  LonelyHeart,"  are  power, 

two  of  the  most  porfaot  ia  iha  volume.  That  have  made  men  nttet  the  woritoef 
The  latter,  a  litany,  «hioh  will  wake  a  angeU, 


iy  Google 


1S41.1  Mr*.  Butler's  Poenu.  600 

And  none  ate  aeu-  to  bid  me  ipeak  and  And  then  111  «bow  tliee  how  "tii  foRovad 

Uve:  now. 

Hearken,  oh  Father  1  maker  or  107  spirit  t  By  the  nniiideir  a^e  of  miierT. 

God  of  my  moI,  to  thee  I  will  ontponr  I'll  ipeak  to  thee  in  the  fond  jorooa  tone 

The  hjrmna  raooadiog  Ihroajh  my  tron-  That  wooed  thee  atill  with  kie**  impM- 

bled  mind ;  lioned  ipel]. 

The  sight  and  sorrows  or  jaj  lonely  heart,  And  tbm  I'll  teach  thee  bow  IWe  learned 
ThetEaisand  weeping  of  my  weary  eyes:  to  moan, 

Be  thoainyrellow,  glorious,  jnicioas  God,  Since  last  upon  thine  ear  its  accentt 
AQd£t  me  rorsnchreUowihip  with  thee."  fell. 

m  come  to  thee  in  all  yoath>s  br^hteat 

The    poems    of    passion    scattered  ,         '*?'"'.       .     , . » 

through  ^  TOlume  ^energetic  and  **  <^  ^y  m^^    ^  ^^*        ™'"  ^^ 

eloquent,  aa  the  expression  of  all  true  j^^^ ,^P„ f, j, ,^i„^     ,„ryhonr by  honr, 

paseion  roust  bo,  and  glowing  aa  the  How  that  spring's  ea^ly  prtiniM  hi  beei 
Bongs  of  Sappho.     Thaj  aje  the  utter-  MiEhtedr 

anees  of  womanhood  in  her  strength  of  i-u  ,eii  iheeofthelon^.lonB.dreary  jean 

heart,  that  can  solfer  and  break,  but  that  ^h^t  faare  pasi'd  o'er  me  hopeless,  ^ject- 
can  never  sen  lime  nialize.      Indeed  in  leii; 

this  department  of  poatry  Mra.  Butler  My  loathsome  days,  my  nights  of  bumiaf 
has  but  one  equal  among  the  poets  of  tean, 

her  sex,  a  countrywoman  of  her  on-n,  My  wild  despair,  my  niter  loneliness, 

celebrated  not  less  for  her  beauty  and  ^J  heart-siek  dreams  npon  my  fevetid 
her  genius  than  for   her  misfortuncB.  hed. 

To  Bnpreag  the  poetry  of  passion,  a  cer-  "J  ^'*'^<'}  longing  to  be  with  the  dead-, 

tain  force  is  necesBiry  that  few  women  „,       ,  1°  H-e  ^«lt,  lonely  "'jh^ 

possess.  Mrs.  Hemans.  one  of  the  When  .leep  and  sdence  keep  their  watch 
most  beautiful  and  gi/led  spirits  of  the  "  *' ''"°' 

age,  is  the  poet  of  sentiment  rather  than 
of  passion  ;  and  the  same  may  be  said 
of  almost  all  the  female  writers  of  the 
present  day.     To  give   eiptessioo  to 

the  perception  of  objectire  beauty  or  "  i,  ft  ■  ain  to  wish  that  I  may  meet  thee 
the  beauty  of  sentiment,  ia  by  no  means  In  that  dim  world  whither  our  spirit* 
a  rare  power,  and  requires  far  leas  force  stray, 

of  original  genius  than  the  eipreasion  When  sleep  and  darkness  follow  life 
of  the  poetry  of  passion.     The  artist,  and  day  7 

inlheonecase,fBShioas  thestatue,  per-  Is  it  •  sin  that  then 'my  Toiee  shonld 
feet,  it  may  be,  in  its  proportions,  and  S'eet  thee 

beautiful  in  its  repose;  in  the  other,  With  al  that  love  thai  I  must  die  eon- 
like PyimiaUon,  he  wrestles   with  the        ,».„'       ''^^,   , 

gods  tilhe  inspires  his  creation  with        WUlmy  tear-laden  eyessminrevealmg 

the    PromcthcaS   fire.      To   illustrate  P,!  „T^™;h  "Z^'nT^hT^JT^Lrt 

Mra.  BuUer's  power  of  giving  erpr...  ''  ^  "^'^^tj        ^    ^       ^' 

BioD  to  paasion,  we  extract  the  follow-  ^o  hoM  each  hxA  and  word  in  stem 
ing  poema :  control  t 

"A  noKUB.  ""^  ^  ""*  *"^  ***  '"""^  ana-light 

Day  and  its  thonsand   toitariag  hm- 
neats  done, 

u  CI  tt^u  ^^  prying  sightsandsoandaofmea 

Fatie  ^e  I  in  thy  despite  **^T ' 

I  will  ba  with  thee  then.  Oli,  still  and  silent  Night  1  when  all  thing* 
When  in  the  world  of  dream*  thy  spirit  ^'^cpi 

■trays.  Locked  m  thy  swarthy  breast,  my  secret 

eeekiagmTalalhepeaceilfindBn^here,  „         keep: 

Thon  Shalt  be  led  back  to  thine  earlydaya  Come,  with  Ihy  Yisioned  hope*  and  blest- 
Oriifeand  love,  andl  will  meet  thee  there.  '"S*  ""^ ' 

Va  come  to  thee  with  the  teight  snnoy  I  dream  the  only  happine**  I  know." 

That  was  hope's  throne  before  I  met  with       The  line*    to  a  pietore  u«  most 

thee;  thrUling  and  mid  :— 


Google 


JIfi-i.  Butler't  Pttnu. 


[Not. 


"10  A  MCTDia. 


Still  find  ye  cold,  and  dead,  ud  dark  aa 
sigbl ; 
Ob,  lifelcM  eyn  I  can  je  not  answer 

Ob,  lipal   vhereon  mine  own  so  often 

dwell, 
Hath  loTe'B  wariD,  fearfnl,  thrilliDg  tonch 

noipell 
To  waken  tense  in  ye  7    Ob,  miiery  I 
Ob,  bieathlesa  Lpa )  can  ye  not  apeak  to 


I  presi  thee  to  my  beert,  vbote  bope* 

and  fears 
Are  all  thine  ownj  tbon  dost  not  feel 

the  strain. 
Oh,   Iboa  deep  image  I   wilt  iboo  not 

reply 
To  my  rood  prayers  and  wild  idolatry  V 

The  prevailing  tone  of  Mra.  Butler's 
poems  is  proroundly  melaacholy.  In 
reading  ihem,  we  feel  loo  deeply  the 
truth  of  her  imprompin  lines : 

"Castelial  famed  of  fore,the  spring;  dir in e, 

.       Apollo'i  smile  npoa  iU  current  wean; 

Moore  and   Anacreon  tbnnd  its  waves 

To  ne  itSowi  a  snJlen  stream  of  tears." 

They  eeem  lo  be  the  wailings  of  a 
spirit  that  has  looked  appalled  on  the 
realities  of  life,  on  its  friendships  that 
change,  on  its  lore  that  becomes  indif- 
ference, on  the  liallowneee  of  fame  and 
on  death,  the  certain  and  awful  consimi- 
mation  of  this  life-tra^dy.  This  is 
one  view  of  life,  but  it  is  not  the  high- 
est nor  the  trneat ;  peTertbeless  ii  is  a 
view  that  we  must  take  in  our  ascent 
U> «  higher  and  belter.  That  glow  of 
youthAil  feeling  which  paints  life  as  a 
pastime  and  a  rarel,  is  not  more  false 
than  the  deapair  which  sneeeeda  it, 
when  the  world  aeema  a  charnel-house, 
and  life  a  funeral  pageant.  The  valley 
from  which  we  ael  forth  on  onr  pilgrim- 
age Lee  bathed  in  suntighl  aioand  na; 
Aowera  bloom  under  out  feet  with  their 
dew  uoexhaled  and  their  perfume  nn- 
waated  1 — farther  on  dark  clouds  gloom 
heavily  over  us,  and  their  lightning 
UaaheBcaBtalarid  glare  over  all  thtnga; 
bnt  npward  and  onward  the  eternal 
stars  abed  their  clendlese  beams,  tql 


God  and  Heaven  are  above, mt.  Not 
brilliant  and  rapturous,  not  hopeleea  and 
joyleea,  bat  solemn  aid  sublime  is  the 
pilgrimage  of  a  human  soul.  It  would 
be  with  pain  that  we  ahiTnld  read  sach 
lines  as  Ibe  following,  did  noE  their  very 
hopeUmness  foretelllhe  dawning  of  the 
Bt»dy  and  serene  light  offiuth ; 


"Life  wanes,  and  Ihe  bright  sunlight  of 

Sets  o'er  the  mountain  tope,  whoe  once 

Hope  stood. 
Ob,  lanoeeneel   (A,  Traslfniiiess  t   oh. 

Troth t 
Whereare  ye  all,  white-banded  sisteiteod. 
Who  with  me  on  my  way  did  walk  aloasi 
8inging  sweet  setaps  of  ib  at  immortal  NOf, 
That's  hymned  in  Heaven,  but  bath  bo 

echo  here  I 
Are  ye  departing,  fellows  bright  and  dear. 
Of  Ibe  young  spirit,  when  it  Gnt  alights 
Upon  this  earlh  of  darkness  and  dismay  T 
Farewell!  fair  ebildren  of  the  eternal  day, 
BlOESoms  of  that  far  land  where  falls  no 

blights, 
Sweet  kindred  of  my  eiiled  sent,  faiewd ! 
Here  I  must  wander,  here  ye  may  aot 

dwell; 
Back  to  yonr  home  beyond  the  firant*  of 

liitbt 
I  see  ye  fly,  and  Ian  wr«pt  in  night." 

The  linee  on  a  sleeping  child  are 
fearfully  pruphetio  of  what  overshad- 
ows each : — 


This  poem  bring*  forcibly  to  mind 
one  of  Byron's  most  Byronic  elimaxes. 
Speaking  of  a  mother  watehing  her  in- 
ISDt,  he  aaya  : 

"  From  oat  its  endled  nook 
She  seee  her  little  bad  p«t  forth  its  leaves; 
What  may  the  fruit  be  yet  f    I  kwnr  MM. 
Cain  was  Eve's." 

The  lines  addressed  to  tlie  yoong 
gentlemen  leaving  the  Academy  •> 
Lennox  Iweathe  a  ^lirit  of  the  deepest 
despondency ;  as,  toi  instance,  the  M- 
lowing  passage : — 


gle 


IBM.]                                    Un.  BulUr't  Poeau.  fill 

"Lifeif  b«faMT<l  ol>l  ifTeconldlook  fallj,  wia  pMdiqioMd   te  gloomy  in- 

Intv  the  tKT«U  of  tb&t  ualsd  book,  unity,  and  mora  tb&n  onoo  attempted 

Slnmg  Bi  fs  ire  in  yonlh,  and  hope,  and  hii  own  life.     The  csdbb  of  this  dia- 

_    ,  '■'^',  ,   ,            ,  „,       „_.  tinctionmust beithatBubjeoiirewrilerB, 

Te  ihould  unit  down  snd  falter,  «  Giw  ,j,i„^  ,^311  ^^q^^j  „^  (hose  ptMiDg 

Co^  ^e  d„.d  Sphimf.  lip,  but  once  ^fZ'?'  ^' "^^ij^^^k'^n'^nn^ 


diielose  roesaure  composed,  ft!I  back  upon  the 

And  liner  but  s  whUper  of  the  won  boundleae  and  endaring  Mui  which  DO 

Which  mnit  oVnoke  je  in  your  lift-hiBg  senMiions  can  fill,  and  life  in  tbia  a^ 

doom,  P^°'  '<"'"'  always  be  discoiuolatB.  The 

WeU  might  ye  cry,  "  Owr  cradle  be  onr  opposite  taudeacy  may  be  equally  ods- 

tombl"  aided,  but  itia  not  diahearteniog.   Oul- 

Conld  ye   foreaee  your    apirit't  broken  ward   existence   draws  men  ftom  the 

wiosi,  soaroea  of  Uieir  aorrowa,  and  they  loae 

Earth'a  brichteal  triampha,  what  despiaed  theaeose  of  iodJTidaklily  in  sympathy  or 

things  j  interest.    It  is  well,  then,  to  paint  life 

nieadahip,  how  feeble ;  loTe,  bow  fierce  „  jt  appears  to  our  hopes  as  10  onr  de- 

nflamei  spaic ;  and  as  there  is  nothing  absolute 

Tow  joy  half  sorrow,  half  your  glory  in- our  condition,  relatively,  the  painting 

■^"""-  will  be  aa  true  to  the   reality.     The 
highest  genius  la  that  which  givea  aa  % 

,_^  comprehensiTe  and  total  hunuinity. 

Fast-gathwing  darkness  and  fasl-waning  ,  I"  "ut  later  poetry,  two  marked  and 

light,  different  tendencies  are  apparent,  on« 

Oh  r  conld  ye  B«  it  all,   ye  might,  ye  peraonal  and  the  other  impeiaonal  1  one 

might,  which  breathes  out  from  the  indWidnal 

Cowerin  the  dDst,nDecinBl  to  the  strife,  existence,  and  the  other  which  Uvea 

And  die  but  in  behokUag  what  is  life."  in  the  imsgiaatLTe  and  the  ideal.    By- 
ron is  the  highest  example  of  the  one, 

It  would  seem  that  all  aubjectire  po-  Shelley  of  the  other.     Poetry  woold 

nry  mostbe  desponding  in  its  tone,  and  be  complete  in  the  union  of  these  two  ; 

that  whatever  may  be  the  nature  of  the  in  the  actuality  of  Byron,  enlarged  and 

outward  life,  no  one  who  draws  from  elevated  by  the  grandeur  of  Shelley, 

the  inward  of  his  experience,  will  sport  or  the  spirilualily  of  Shelley  made  in- 

in  gaiety  of  oompoaition.    The  authoia  camate  in  the  force  and  passion  of 

who  hare  written  meet  of  themselves,  Byron.     Should-any  one  arise  having 

are  those  whose  works  are  the  most  affinity  with  our  times,  to  tmite  these 

melancholy.    Roosseau,  the  most  aub-  separate  tendencies,  he  will  he  the  true 

jeotive  of  late  writers,  is  deeply  melan-  and  great  poet  of  the  age.    No  eta  haa 

choly,  and  Byron's  poetry  is  that  of  the  been  when  mightier  poetio   elemeiUs 

individiial.    It  is —  existed  than  in  the  present,  but  they 
are  chaotic,  and  await  the  brooding  of 

"  Bvai  as  a  hndcen  mirror,  which  the  some  great  spirit  to  give  them  form  and 

K>>"  utterance.     Whether  such  a  spirit  will 

In  every  fiagment  mnltiplies,  and  makes  ^rise  from  the  worn-ont  mooarchieB  of 

A  thousand  usages  of  one  that  was  the  old  world,  or  the  free  governments 

Ihe  same.  ^f  (dg  ^^^^  jg  ^  point  yet  to  be  deter- 
mined.   Miss  Martinean,  ioher"So- 

And  that  image  was  himself.  Objective  ciety  in  America,"  after  speaking  of 

authors,  on  the  contrary,  are  those  who  witoessingtheprocesaof  world-maktnff, 

write  with  cheerfulness.     Chaucer  ia  both  natural  and  conventional,  in  this 

aa  buoyant  in  cheerfulness  as  in  fancy,  country,  says : 
and  he  deals  mostly  with  outward  life. 

A  like  tendency  in  literature  might  be  „  s^^^  -pnin,  ^m  j^t  arise.    The  et 

traced,  we   apprehend,   from  Chaucer  pecianls  take  s  wail  here  and  a  flourish 

down  to  Byron.    But  it  does  not  follow  there,  to  be  the  music ;  but  the  hour  has 

that  we  have  the  individual  life  either  not  yet  straek,  the  leader  has  not  yet 

in  the  one  ease  or  the  other.    Rabelais  eoiae  to  his  place,  to  strike  those  chords 

was  a  solemn  spirit ;  and  Sterne  was,  that  most  echo  over  the  world." 

dirongfa  Ufe,  an  unhappy  man.    Cow-  ^--"  j 

per,  who  hu  throughoDt  written  cheer-  And  Mts.  Butler,  ia  that  moat  aptn^ .  \^j  O  O  Q I C 


Mrt.  Butltr't  Pemt.  [Nor. 

and  euitla,  like  forest  arferitt*,  intei- 

wct  iu  whole  ratfeee,  and  beat  life 

.,„               .                .  . .   1     . .  tuid  actirity  to  it*  remoteat  corner, 

"Wlere  are    he  poeU  of  tlis  knd  7  here  it  would  aeem  the  human  nund  ia 

WBTi«iicna  woridsliooiilDniiB  forth  men    j,_.; i,_  j i :._  i.!_i , 

with  nnnd.  and  «>Dl«l.rs=r  thin  .Drth>t  deatiaed  to  deYelop  ita  higheat  powera. 

ever  dwelt  in  mortal  fl«h;  Homeri  wd  ^he  matenale  for  a  great  Mtiowd  liU 

MiltoBi,  Dante,  and  Shakspeares.    Have  e™'" re  ate  not  yet  exhansled.     There 

IheieglorionsweoetponrednoinspiringB  »"  aubiime  moral  trutha,  that  aa  yet 

bto  hearts  worthy  to  behold  and  praiaa  !»»'«  'i"""!  "«  utterance  in  any  lit«i»- 

their  beauty?     Ta  there  none  to  come  lure  ;  hut  whiob,  when  apohea  in  Iho 

here,  to  wonhip  among  theae  hiUi  and  trumpet  tones  of  eloquence  and  pMUy, 

vmtera  till  his  heart  bonu  within  hin,  mast  vibrate    through   the    ODirenBl 

mhi  the  hyma  of  inipiialion  flows  fran  heart  of  humaDity.     The  great  end  ef 

his  lips  and  rises  to  the  shy  I    Is  there  iJ|  literature  haa  been  to  idealtaa  the 

not  one  among  the  sons  of  such  a  soil,  to  utaal.     The  new  and  higher  literatora 

send  forth  its  praises  to  the  nniren«,  to  mnst  aim  at  the  realiaatiooof  the  ideal, 

throw  new  glory  round  the  mounUios,  Ab  yet   there   haa  been   properly  TO 

jiew   beauty  over  the   waves  T     Sure  y  Cbrielian    literature.      The     aablime 

there  w,l  come  a  tmie  when  th«  lovely  ^     j   ^      ^        Teatament,    the 

land  wiU  be  vocal wiih  tbe(oundof  song;  »□„.„„„„  „„„k.„jr'-,~iwr;n.-.~™  n 

when  every  closeJocked  valley  and  wnV  '  ^f"  °"  *""'' »"''  ^?"*  ?^'""  ■"«"■ 

ing  wood,  rifted  rock  and  flowing  stream,  '^»!  ""  "«"/ j"?  ^"f "'  "•»"?  <""/  ^ 

ahaU  have  its  praise."  Pl*'""   "^   ^'^^^    have    Keened    do 
echoes  in  Christendom  ;  nor  could  tbey 

That  America   ia   destined   to  pro-  ever   in    those    countries   where    the 

dnee  a  literaloie  worthy  of  herself,  is  a  Divine  rights  of  the  many  were  eacri- 

qnestion  that  cannot  be  doobted.    Start-  ficed  to  the  one  or  to  the  few,     A  new 

ling,  almost,  as  the  first  dawniag  of  the  tbeatre,  a  new  wwld  waa  neceaaary  ta 

eoDtinent  on  the  eyea  of  the  old  world,  the  development  of  those  great  trutha, 

was  her  political  birth,  and  she  com-  andhere,  if  ever,  they  must  be  realised, 

inencea  her  career,  not  as  other  natioDB  Thia  country  preaenta    the  widest 

have  donS)  gradually  to  emerge  from  sphere  for  individual  inftuence,  for  here 

the  midnight  of  bart«rism,  but  to  bask  mind  ia  moat  plastic.     Mia.  Butler  has 

in  the  meridian  sun  of  European  civil-  made  thia  couotr;  her  home  ;  with  her 

iaation.      Fettered    by   no    antiquity,  atrong  original  tendenciea  and  forea  (tf 

borne  down  by  no  hereditary  arislocta-  character,  she  could  not  find  a  mme 

',  humanity  here  takes  a  new  stand,  ample  Geld  for  their  eiwcise,  and  sneh 

'ith  the  reeogaition,  if  not  the  prac-  aa  she  ahonld  not  pass  away  withont 

uee,  of  groat  principles  for  the  founda-  teavinff  "  Footatepa  on  the  Sands  of 

tion  of  government,  with  a  magnificent  Time.       Among   the    voicea    of   the 

eontttry,  whose  shores  are  waehed  by  iVno  Qaisration  that  are  now  &ititiy 

tiie  great  oceans,  whose  lake*  are  seaa,  beard  iUmre  the  uprear  of  bnsineea  and 

whoae  rivers  the  moat   majestio   that  care,  and  the  din  of  party   stiife,  we 

water   tbe   earth,   whose    commerce  shall  liatenearneaUy  todiatinniiah  heia 

whiteoa   every  sea,  whose    railroada  in  a  higher  and  more  hopefiil  atrain. 


^i 


lizcdbyGoOl^   I 


BT   J.  T.  HKXDLST. 

ALriBRI  was  &  great  farorite  with  Lord  ed  la  think  he  was  doing  nothing  more 
Byron,  and  his  traaedies  were  one  of  than  any  man  would  do  in  similar  cir- 
the  foor  books  the  English  bard  alwajB  cnmslancet.  Byron  wished  to  ba 
Icept  on  his  table.  And  their  charac-  thought  proud  and  solllarr  as  Lara,  oi 
tere  presented  many  poinis  of  likeness.  Conrad,  or  Childe  Harold  ;  Alfieri,  on 
Both  were  born  to  rank — both  possessed  the  contrary,  was  so  prond  and  solilarji 
wealth  and  personal  accompltshments  that  he  was  too  much  occupied  with 
— yet  both  gloried  chiefly  in  their  men-  his  own  feelings  to  care  what  olhers 
tal  endowments,  and  were  prouder  aa  thooght  about  il.  Thus  we  find  Byron 
poets  than  as  iiobleinen.  Both  were  making  a  whole  tragedy  about  the 
fiery  and  iropeluous  creatures,  scorn-  threats  of  a  miserable  TaazBToni ;  writ- 
ing restraint,  defying  their  own  age,  ing  to  half  a  dozen  different  friends  of 
trampling  on  the  critics  that  could  not  the  same  wonderful  event,  telling  how 
understand  thGm,  and  building  for  he  dressed,  what  arms  he  wore,  and 
IhemselTes  a  fame  in  spite  of  the  pre-  how  he  bore  himself  ihroogh  it  all. 
Tailing  taste  and  lilecature  of  their  And  yet,  with  all  his  vaporing  and  re- 
times. Both  were  restless  beings,  manee,  it  leaks  oat  that  hs  and  some 
scouring  the  world  to  rid  themselves  of  three  or  four  others  were  barricaded 
the  uncontrollable  passions  that  raged  for  some  time  in  their  house  by  this 
within.  Both  were  gloomy  and  excit-  miserablewretch.whoseterrihle  threats 
able  in  youth,  and  even  in  boyhood  ei-  ended  after  all  in  the  pitil\]l  sycophanejr 
hibited  those  strange  extremes  of  feet-  of  an  Italian  beggar.  Alfieri,  on  the 
ing  which  so  oflen  mastered  them  in  contrary,  goes  out  alone  in  the  night, 
niaturer  years.  But  though  their  cha-  and  encounters  an  enraged  husband^ 
racters  present  such  strong  points  of  where  the  chances  are  that  he  woald 
resemblance,  yet  in  many  things  they  be  killed,  and,  with  a  Bword-citt  on  hia; 
were  totally  nnlike.  And  what  is  >  arm,  returns  to  his  friends,  concealing 
strangBi  still,  the  moment  the  resera-  both  the  reckless  adventure  and  ihe 
blancB  ceases,  AlBeri  becomes  more  pain  under  which  he  suffered.'  Bvron 
like  an  Englishman,  and  Byron  more  is  a  misanthrope,  who  is  ever  telling 
like  an  Italian.  AlGei^  was  a  more  us  how  weary  he  is  of  life,  and  yet  very 
earnest,  sincere  man,  than  Byron.  He  careful  never  to  rid  himself  of  his  buT- 
hsd  more  strength  of  character,  more  then.  Alfieri  scarcely  speahs  of  his 
firmness  and  steadiness  of  will,  and  a  recklessness  of  life,  except  in  explana- 
boldei  heart.  His  impetoosity  was  tion  of  his  rash  yet  ineffectual  attempts 
not  passion,  but  the  steady  action  of  a  to  take  his  own.  Byron  was  gloomy 
most  vehement  nature.  Byron's  pa-  because  he  would  analyse  his  own 
roxysme  of  anger  were  splendid  poetry,  feelings — scornful  because  he  was  per- 
tenible  to  look  upon,  but  harmless  as  fectly  conscious  th'at  half  the  world 
the  dagger  strokes  of  Macbeth  on  the  were  fools,  and  quite  a  proportion  of 
boards  of  a  theatre  ;  AlGeri's  were  the  other  half  villains — and  savagely 
fearful  facts,  and  his  own  life  and  the  defiant  because  he  found  himself  in  the 
life  of  others  were  forgotten  in  them,  midst  of  moral  mysteries  and  coolra- 
Byron  was  always  acting,  and  studied  dictions  he  could  not  solve,  and  yet 
effect  in  everything  he  did;  Alfieri  which  held  him  faat  and  forced  him 
nevtr.  The  former  was  often  reck-  irresistibly  on.  Alfieri  was  gloomy- 
less,  sometimes  desperate,  but  nnt  from  the  some  cause,  as  deeply  poetic 
■teadily  brave  ;  the  latter  scarcely  natures  always  most  be,  while  his  scorn 
knew  ibe  sensation  of  fear.  OneurMAti  arose  from  seeing  one-half  of  mankind 
to  be  thought  brave,  and  endeavored  degraded  sycophantic  staves,  and  tha 
to  act  aa  he  imagined  a  hero  should  other  half  ignorant  feeble-minded  tr- 
act; the  other  Dave  himself  no  thought  rants,  and  hia  defiance  was  towards 
ea  diB  mbject,  hut  when  bravest,  seem-  man  alone,  not  Qod.    The  former  waa  , 

TOL  XT. — HO,  UUTII.  99 


Google 


614                                                    Alfitri-  (N«T< 

peoniioas,  and  ;et  eacoeeded  id  mak-  amoUDt  of  sineenij  that  ahoald  corer  x 

ing   half    th«   vorld   believe   be   wu  mullilude   of  aiiu.     Had  Byron   ihaa 

generous  and  prodigal  to  a  fault ;  the  exposed    all   the   secret  niotiTea   that 

other  recorda  wilh  sharoe  the  onlj  two  prompted  him  ;  laid  bare  tho  miaermbla 

iuitancea  in   which   Bvarice   had  any  trickery  to  which  he   often  resorted, 

control   over   him.     Bjron,    whea    in  and   torn   away .  the   maak  he  always 

Genoa,  by  unpardonable   importunity,  wore,  many  of  his  poems  would  di*w 

Ersfailed  on  Lady  BleBsinglon  to  sell  tears  of  laughter  rather  than  tears  of 
im  a  faTorite  horse  she  had  brooght  sorrow, 
into  Italy  for  her  own  use  ;  and  then  AlSeri,  according  to  his  own  ae- 
refused  to  give  the  price  (the  least  that  count,  was  bom  in  Asti,  Piedmont,  on 
emild  be  named)  she  paid  in  England,  the  17(h  of  January,  174B,  "  of  noUa, 
AlSeri,  on  the  contrary,  was  conBianlij  opulent,  and  respectable  parenta."  Of 
giving  away  his  fine  blood-horses,  and  feeble  health,  and  passionate  teiopeiv- 
often  to  ihoBD  who  were  mere  ao-  ment,  we  find  in  his  childhood  the  gena 
qaaintancea,  and  scarcely  thanked  him  of  hia  after  melancholy  and  rQckless- 
for  the  gift.  The  former  loaned  money  ness.  When  ho  was  bnt  sevea  yean 
to  the  Greeks  to  aid  them  in  their  of  age, he  attempted,  in  a  £l  of  despoil' 
vtroggle  for  freedom,  but  took  good  dency,  to  destroy  himself.  At  ten,  we 
care  to  have  ample  security  fur  the  find  bim  at  the  Academy  in  Turin,  l&y- 
debt ;  while  the  latter  gave  away  for  ing  the  foundation*,  at  he  termed  it,  of 
«ver  hia  entire  fortune,  reserving  to  his  "  no  education."  Though  not  tor- 
himself  oaly  a  moderate  income,  that  tored  with  a  olub  foot  like  Lord  Byron, 
he  might  be  peisoually  free  from  all  ha  waa  afflicted  with  what  aeemed 
tUegiance  to  the  petty  tyrant  of  Pied-  ei^ually  bad — dreadful  eiuptiona,  which 
mont.  drew  on  bim  the  most  disgusting  nick- 
Both  were  men  of  great  mental  names,  and  drove  him  into  solitude, 
power,  and  of  Tolcanic  passions,  yet  and  fed  wilh  bitter  food  his  already 
the  Italian  was  a  downright  sincere  growing  melancholy.  At  the  age  of 
man.  He  raged  over  the  world,  intent  thirteen,  he  was  allowed  to  go  to  ths 
only  on  getting  rid  of  himself,  and  opera,  where  his  strangely  sensitive 
thinking  of  scarcely  anything  else  at  and  passionate  nature  felt  for  the  first 
the  time.  The  Englishman  did  the  time,  the  full  power  of  musie.  llie 
same  ihilig,  but  resolved  the  while  the  tones  that  ravished  his  ear  and  heart 
world  should  know  all  about  it.  One  struck  tbe  finest  chord  of  liis  being, 
ms  hurried  on — [ashed  by  his  fierce  which  kept  vibrating  on  to  the  hanno- 
passioQs  as  with  whip  of  scorpion,  and  nies  within,  so  that  for  weeks  he  wan- 
finding  no  vent  to  bis  feelings  save  in  dered  aronnd  buiied  in  a  profound,  yet 
■tided  cunes  ;  the  other  went  proodly  pleasing  melancholy.  In  Ihia  dreamy 
into  voluntary  exile,  yet  making  state,  the  fancies  of  the  poet  crowded 
rhymes  all  the  lime,  to  let  the  men  he  thick  and  fast  on  his  vision,  bnt  finding 
despised  know  how  much  after  all  he  no  language  in  which  to  speak  ont 
thought  about  them.  these  new  emotions  that  struggled  for 
Such  were  these  two  strange  beings,  utterance,  be  sought  relief  in  solitude. 
Mid  aaeh  their  points  of  reserablance  Thoogh  weak  in  body,  and  violent  ia 
end  difference;  and  in  thus  contrasting  his  feelings,  yet  so  great  was  his  can- 
them  together,  we  think  we  hav.e  given  dor  and  love  of  truth,  that.he  escaped 
the  best  outlioe  of  Alfieri's  character,  those  quariels  to  which  boys  of  his 
He  was  BO  silent  on  his  own  afiaira,  temperament  are  liable.  Yet  even  at 
that  we  should  have  known  Utile  of  the  age  of  fifteen,  he  exhibited  ihe  in- 
liim  bnt  for  his  autobiography,  found  domitable  nature  of  his  will,  uid  his 
-among  his  papers  after  his  death.  It  unconquerable  resolution  in  beariDf 
is  seldom  that  a  proud  and  passionate  confinement  for  months,  rather  (haa 
man  leaves  as  a  plain  and  simple  hia-  yield  to  what  he  considered  an  mnnat 
tory  of  himself,  both  mentally  and  out-  demand.  At  seventeen,  be  entered  as 
wardly  aa  he  has  done.  To  coolly  ensign  in  the  piovincial  army,  and  aoon 
and  faithfully  record  his  own  foUiea  after  commenced  bis  roving  life,  which 
aod  disgraces,  and  draw  Ihe  knife  lasted  for  nine  years.  Having  bj  de- 
aerosB  his  own  nerves  in  laying  bare  greee  got  rid  of  his  "  curator  and 
hie  deepest  mortifications  when  he  waa  everything  but  hi*  faithful  eenant 
onder  no  obligation  to  do  it,  shows  an  £lia,  he  passed  throngh  ths  south  of 


gle 


1844.]  Aifitri.  G15 

Italy,  siajiDE  at  the  different  cilie*,  him,  and  entered  the  room  just  in  tims 

Kccocding  fts  the  mood  was  on  him.  to  eave  bim.     Thue,  at  twenty  year*  of 

HaTiag  fin&Ity  determined  to  visit  the  age,  he   fannd  his  firat  gisat  sorrow, 

niDTe  northern  countries   of    Europe,  and  burdened  down  with  a  gloom  thtt 

and   finding  the    allowanca   furnished  shadowed  all  his  future,  he  turned  hw 

him  not  equal  to  the  expenditnres  he  steps  homeward.     He  had  scarcely  ar- 

antictpaled,  he  suddenly    became   ex-  riTed  at  Turia,  before  he  set  aboal  with 

ceedingly  parsimonioas,  denying  him-  the  energy  of  an  uneonquerabla  will  to 

>elf  all  places  of  public  amusement,  shake  off  his  settled  melancholy.    Bot 

and  eTen  withholding  from  his  sarTant  what  could  be  do  !     Full  of  paasiOD, 

his  just  dues.     Attempting  to  go  from  sentiment,    fire  and    intellect,  he  ou- 

Rome  10  Venice  hy  Vettura,  instead-  of  doubiedly  was,  but  ignorant  as  a  peaa- 

poet.  Id  save  expense,  he  became  so  ant.     In  this  crisis  of  bis  !ife  and  feel- 

exasperated  hy  the  slow  progrees  he  itigs,  Plutaieh's  Lives    fell    into  his 

made,  that  he  forgot  his  sTsrice,  paid  hand,  and  he  fed  his  youthful  imasina- 

his  Vetturino,  took  post,  and  become  a  tion  on  Timoleon,  Cnsar,  Brutus,  Polo 

free  man  again.     Disgusted  with  Patis,  pida*,  Cato,  and  others,  till  fired  with 

he  went  orer  to  London,  to  which  he  their  high  patriotism,  or  lofky  aohiere- 

seemed  to  take  a  sudden  fancy.     But  menls,  he  would  spring  to  his  feet,  and 

aAer  awhile  becoming  tired    of  the  rarn  round  his  room  like  a  madinait, 

heartless  aasemUies,  and  suppers,  and  weepins  ^nd  cursing  the  day  he  was 

banquets,  he  tarned  coachman,  driTing  born  in  Piedmont. 

his  friend  up  to  the  door  of  places  of  About  this  time  his  friends  wishing 
amusement,  and  shoving  his  skill  in  him  to  become  a  diplomatist,  prev^M 
bringing  his  carriage  out  safely  from  oo  him  to  offer  himself  to  a  lady  of 
the  jam  that  blocked  np  the  entrance,  wealth  and  iafiuenee,  thinking  sach  an 
All  winter  long  he  rods  on  horseback  alliance  wonld  aid  his  prospects  in  ob- 
foui  or  five  hours  in  the  morning,  and  taining  a  situation,  i'ortunately  for 
sat  on  the  coach- box  two  or  three  in  himahereJectedhispioposal,andhappy 
the  evening,  without  regard  to  weather  in  his  delirerance  he  started  again  on 
or  temperatare.  From  England  he  his  trsvels,  snd  visited  Germany,  Ben- 
went  to  Holland,  and  at  the  Hague  mark,  Sweden,  Russia,  Prussia,  HoU 
first  fell  seriously  in  love.  Troe  to  his  land  and  England.  The  restless  feel- 
Italian  origin,  tbe  object  of  his  passion  ingwithin  him  found  not  even  momenta* 
was  a  married  woman — the  young  bride  ry  relief  except  in  motion.  It  woold 
of  the  Portuguese  ambassador  to  HoU  not  allow  bim  to  stop  long  in  any  pisce, 
land.  This  affection  was  returned,  but  spurred  him  on  from  one  new  scene 
and  Al&eri  felt  for  the  first  time  the  to  another  and  sometimes  well  nigh  oat  i 
full  strength  and  power  of  his  psssions.  of  existence.  A  second  lore  intrigne 
lapped  in  thia  first  dream  of  love,  he  in  London,  the  termination  of  which  we 
gave  way  to  its  intoxicatibg  power,  should  think  might  have  cured  him  for 
and  was  lifted  for  awhile  into  Ihe  third  ever  of  unlawful  passion,  kindled  into  a 
heaven  of  happiness.  Bat  the  gnilty  blaze  alt  the  exciting  elements  of  his 
dream  had  its  waking,  and  he  was  nature.  We  find  him,  from  mere  despe- 
foreed  to  separate  from  his  mistress  ration,  sparring  his  horse  over  a  high 
forever.  She  departed  for  Switzerland  fence,  and  though  in  the  fall  that  foU 
to  join  her  husband,  and  he  gave  him-  lowed'the  mad  attempt,  he  dislocated  bia 
self  np  to  despair.  Feigning  sickness  shoulder  and  broke  his  eollar-bone,  yet 
to  escape  the  society  of  his  friends,  be  so  raging  were  his  passions  that  be  was 
sent  for  a  surgeon,  and  requested  to  he  wholly  unconscious  of  the  injury,  and 
bled.  A  vein  was  opened,  and  after  a  remounting  his  horse,  forced  him  to  the 
alight  blood-letting,  tbe  arm  was  band-  same  leap  again.  This  ia  Saturday  eve- 
aged,  and  AlGeri  left  alone.  Struck  ning;  yet  Sunday  evening  he  is  in  his 
down  by  the  violence  of  bis  grief,  he  carriage  driving  to  the  villa  of  his  mis- 
determined  to  die,  and  tearing  off  his  tress,  nay  walking  two  miles  on  foot 
bandsges,  be  re-opened  the  vein  with  with  one  arm  in  a  sling  and  tbe  other 
the  design  of  bleeding  himself  to  death,  holding  a  drawn  sword,  in  order  to  keep 
A  little  longer  and  it  would  have  been  an  appointment  with  her.  But  all  the 
over  with  him,  but  his  faithful  servant,  passions  that  had  heretofore  seonrged 
EIja,  who  had  seen  the  desperstion  of  him  were  calm  emotions  compsredio  _^ 
his  master,  kepi  a  conetanl  watch  on  his  maoise  fury  and  rage  on  leainisf  f    OOO  \c 


516  Alfi 

that  this  wonhlcB*  woman  whom  he 
lored  with  such  abeorbing  patiion,  ha4 

g'ven  him  but  the  second  place  in  her 
TOT — the  first  being  Teserved  for  her  - 
hnaband'a  grotm.  Gatltj  as  his  lore 
had  been,  he  had  resolved  lo  marry  her 
the  moment  she  was  free  from  hei  hus- 
band. But  now  ail  the  fury  of  a  fiend 
was  roused  in  him.  He  raved  and  tore 
and  Bcreainod,  a  prey  to  the  conscions- 
nessorwasIedafTeclion,  mortified  pride, 
merited    degradation  and  a   merciless 


first  tragedy.  It  was  a  miserable  ibiaf 
enough,  but  it  awoke  a  new  pasuoa 
within  tiim,  and  he  felt  at  once  that  he 
had  found  a  fall  vent  to  the  fires  that 


He 


Broken  down  in  ^irit,  Uic  ferocity 
of  the  man  gave  way  for  awhile  to  set- 
tled melancholy,  and  he  commenced 
again  his  travels.  Spain  alone  remained 
to  be  Men,  and  he  turned  his  restless 
footsteps  thither.  Botchange  ofaceae- 
ly  could  no  longer  charm  him.  He 
Tisited  Madrid  without  becoming  ac- 
quainted with  a  single  being  there  but 
an  artist  and  a  watch-maker.  Here 
occurred  one  of  (hose  ontbreaks  of  pas- 
sion which  so  often  proved  nearly  fatal 
to  himself  and  others.  His  servant 
Elis,  in  drescing  his  hair,  accidentally 
pulled  one  of  his  cuilsalittle  too  strong- 
ly. Alfieri  sprung  opon  him  like  a 
tiger,  and  inflicted  a  ghastly  wound  on 
his  head.  The  entaged  servant  fell  on 
his  master  to  kill  him,  and  would  have 
done  it  hat  for  the  interposition  of  others. 
Alter  the  quarrel  was  over,  Alfieii  told 
Eiik  he  would  have  been  perfectly  right 
to  have  killed  him,  and  thongh  the  ser- 
vant's  anger  was  not  wholly  cleared  Dp, 
went  to  bed,  leaving  the  door  open  be- 
tween their  rooms.  After  he  had  been 
in  bed  some  time  he  called  out  to  Elis, 
bidding  him  come  and  kill  him,  for  he 
was  now  defenceless,  and  he  richly 
merited  death.  Snch  was  this  man, 
carrying  a  volcano  in  his  bosom,  yet,  in 
his  sane  moments,  just  and  Ime. 

At  length,  st  twenty-thiee  years  of 
age,  we  find  him  again  bending  bis  foot- 
steps homeward.  Satiated  with  travel- 
ling, disgosled  with  everything,'  and 
more  than  all  with  himself,  he  endea- 
Tored  to  compose  himself  at  Torio.  A 
third  love  entanglement  more  disgraoe- 
ful  and  longer  oaotinaed  than  the  others, 
tranafurmed  him  for  awhile  into  a  half 
brute.  A  severe  illness  brought  on  by 
his  miseral lie  life,  dispelled  this  dream, 
and  be  awoke  to  more  serious  thought. 
Soon  after  bie  mistress  was  also  taken 
ill,  and  watching  by  her  side,  he  com- 
mettoed  without  purpose  or  plan,  and 
Hlelj  to  ooeupy  the  ailent  boon,  hie 


resolved  on  a  new  life,  and  the  first 
thing  was,  to  break  the  guilty  chain  that 
had  degraded  him.  After  days  and 
weeks  of  torture  and  suffering,  com- 

his  chair  that  his  wavering  resolution 
might  not  carry  him  back  to  his  low 
bondage,  he  finally  conquered.  Prom 
this  moment  the  history  of  Aifieri  be- 
gins to  brighten.  He  celebrated  bis 
victory  in  a  sonnet,  the  first  he  ever 
wrote.  It  is  full  of  feeling,  and  is  en- 
titled "Prime  Sonelto."    It  commences 

■■  Ho  vinto  alGn  li  non  m'iDganno,  ho 
SpeDta4  la  fiamma  che  vorsce  ardeva." 
Which  has  been  translated — 

"  I've  conquered  at  last,  if  I  do  noide- 

And  spent  is  the  flame  which  homed 
upmr  heart, 
I've  broken  the  fetters  of  iron  which  gaTe 


"  Ere  I  loved  thee,  base  one,  I  knew  that 
the  fire 
That  barned  on  thine  altar  was  pas- 
EJon's  fierce  flame; 
I  swore  I  would  qneuch  it,  I  swore  on  my 

But  thy  conquest  still  liree  in  my  deep 
blush  of  shame. 

"It  still  bams  on  my  cheek — while  the 
tears  are  stiU  falling, 
And  torments  still  tear   me — no   ray 
from  above 
Breaks  in  to  dispel  this  gloom  so  sppat 
lin?. 
Which  broods  o'er  the  soni  of  the  vic- 


"But  these  tears  shall  be 
light  shall  gleam. 
And  who  shall  deride  me  whi 


led — the  day- 


The  fierce  struggle  was  at  last  ended 
and  a  new  life  t^ned  on  the  poet.  The 
passion,  the  melancholy,  the  indomita- 
ble will,  erea  in  thiun  wrong,  hai 


oogle 


1S44.]                                               Alfieri.  517 

j&own  tbat  be  wu  no  ordinny  man.  About  this  lime,  vearj  with  the  n- 

The  disgust  with  GTerylhiag  that  sat-  etraintt  his  ana  goTemmeat  placed  on 

isSea  most  men  ptoved  him  to  ba  wor-  bis  actions,  and  resolTod  to  be  fcae  at 

tb^  and  capable  of  better  things.     Ue  any  sacrifice,  he  gave  his  entire  pro- 

eeizad  the  Lyre,  and  though  its  strings  perty  to  a  ojarTied  sister,  and  reserTiag 

made  at  first  strange    discords  under  to  himself  ■  certain    incnme,  took  ap 

Ma   fierce  sirokes,  yet   he   loved   lbs  his  residence  in.  Flnrence.     Prompted 

power  of  its  tone  and  prepared  at  once  to  this  act  by  bis  hatred  of  tyranny  and 

and  for  ever  to  unburden  the  feelings  love  of  letters,  it  threw  bim  more  eo- 

that  had  lashed  him  over  the  world.    At  lirely   upon   his   onn  genius,  and   his 

this  time,  he  was  unable  to  read  the  genius  triumphed.     He  went  on  com- 

Italian  poets,  so  igaorant  was  he  of  the  posing,  till  nineteen  tragedies  and  six 

Italian  language.    The  miserable  pafou  comedies  were  completed,  to  say  no- 

of  Piedmoat  had  become  changed  for  thing  of  his  sonnets  and  satires.     His 

French,   and   he   wrote  his   first   two  ioveoflibertyincreased  with  his  love  of 

tragedies,  //  Felippo  and  11  Polenice,  in  !ctterB,and  the  revolutionary  sentiments 

French   prose.      But   he   immediately  heutteredbroughtonhimtbedispleasure 

set  about  learning  his   own  language,  orthePope,andthejeaIouswaIi!hfulness 

and  the  better   to  prosecute   his    stu-  oflhepetty  tyrants  of  Italy.   Butseeuie 

.dies   retired    for  two    months    to  the  in  the  freer  state  of  Tuscanj  he  learn- 

tnountains  tti  Piedmont.     Thus,  at  the  ed  to  scorn  alike  the  worthless  oriti- 

age  of  twenty-six,  he  Gret  comroenced  cism  of  his  time,  and  the  vengeance  of 

his   studies.     The    same   energy,   the  daspou.     After  baring  mastered  per- 

same  vehemence  which    had    charac-  fectly   his   own    literature,    and   gone 

teriied  all  his  actions  was  carried  into  backto  the Latinclassics,beatlength,at 

his  studies.     Fierce  and  sudden  both  the   aga    of    forty-seven,   commenced 

in  his  conceptions  and  bis  compositions,  the  study  of  the  Greek.     But  his  frame, 

yet  fae  was  patient  under  criticism,  and  strengthened  though  it  bad  bean  by  hacd- 

did  not  disdain  to   receive  instructions  ship  and  exposures,  could   not  always 

from  the  humblest.     His  failures  were  endure    the    exhausting   demands   his 

conatanti  but  he  arose  from  eaoh  with  tempestuous  spirit    and  incessant  toil 

fresh  deteiminalion.      He  was  compel-  made  upon  it ;  and  at  the  age  of  fiily-six, 

led  first  to  master  a  language,  and  then  after  a  short  illness,  ba  closed  bis  ca- 

mmild  it,  to  Itara  it  and  then  leach  his  reer,  and  was  buried  in  Santa  Ccoce, 

countrymen     its    great   power.      The  that   receptacle    of   the  mighty   dead. 

history  of  his  trials,  his  toil,  and  sno-  Over  his  remains  the  Countess  of  Al- 

oess,  IS  among  the  moat  interesting  of  bany    has    placed  a    beautiful    statno 

literary  biographies.     Thus  he  went  on  msde  by  Canova.                                 * 

for  eight  years,  gaining  laurels  even  The  morai  character  of  Alfieri  w« 

from  his  defeats,  and   showing  to  the  will    not    discuss.     It    is   difficult    to 

world  the  inherent  greatness  he  pas-  "judge  righteous  Judgment"  of  an  Ita- 

sessed.      At   length  a   third   and   last  lian,  and  such  an  one  as  Alfieri  was. 

^Bsion    enslaved   him  for  ever.      At  With   a   belter   education,   and   under 

Florence,  while 'prosecuting  his  literary  higher  influences  in  his  ohildbood,  he 

pursuits,   he   became   acquainted  with  would  have  been  a  very  different  man. 

the  Countess  of  Albany,  the  wife   of  But  as  he  was — guillT  of  many  crimes 

the  last  Stuart  that  mads  pretensions  — we  have  no  doubt  he  conquered  more 

to  the  throne  of  England  ;  and  became  evil  passions,  resisted  more  temptatioo, 

irrevocably  attached  to  her.     Not   to  and   came   off  victor   in    more   moral 

dwell  upon  the  moral  character  of  this  struggles  than  the  majority  of  those 

liaiaon,  we  will  only  say,  that  her  bus-  who  condemn   him.     A  man's   moral 

band  was  a  brutal  drunkard,   who  had  worth  is  not  to  be   graduated   by  bia 

long  ago  destroyed    all   her  affection  negative  virtues — the  evil  h^  merely 

for  bim,  and   that  the   connection  be-  refrains  from  doing — but  by  the  amount 

tween  her  and  Alfieri,  like  tbat  of  bus-  of  lemptallon  ha   overcomes.     He   ia 

band  and  wife,  lasted  till  death.     His  not  to  be  judged  by  liis  defeats  alone, 

forced  separation  from  her,  till  she  was  but  also  by  his  victories.     Many  a  man 

released  from  her  husbaod,  interrupted  passes   through  life  without  a  spot  oa 

for  awhile   his  literary    pursuits,    and  bis  character,   who,    notwithstanding, 


brought  back  those  strange  paroxysms  uf    never  struggled  so  bravely  as  he^wbqf^      001~ll(^ 


ieeling  that  bad  so  blasted  bia  early  life,    fell  aitd  was  disg^aeed.    Tiie  latter- 


C18  AlJieH.  [Vvr. 

aucj'iu.te  CftHed  tohia  aid  more  princi-  force  of  out  stern  Sixon  tongue.  Stir- 
pie,  oTcrcome  tuote  evil,  before  he  red  io  hie  inmott  heart  viih  tove  of 
yielded,  iban  the  former,  aithei  from  liberty  and  hatred  of  farces  and  mock- 
ciicnmstaDceB  or  hia  physical  constita-  eries,  he  epoke  to  the  oalioD'e  •ool 
tion,  WBi  ever  called  to  do.  It  wonid  till  it  caught  Ere,  and  the  peitj  deapota 
be  aa  unnatural,  it  would  require  ai  of  Italy  trembled  for  their  thrones, 
great  an  effort  for  the  cold,  phlegmatic  Darkness  has  again  settled  on  Italj, 
and  paasianlesa  being  to  be  vehement,  and  the  pnlse  that  bounded  in  momenta- 
wild  and  headlong,  as  for  the  fierj  and  ij  freedom  is  once  more  chained  op  and 
tempestuous  man  to  be  quiet  and  eiDO-  peihapa  for  ever.  Alfieri,  great  as  be 
tionleao.  Victort/  is  nothing.  It  de-  was,  mistook,  if  not  his  own  mission  at . 
penda  upon  the  nature  of  the  conflict  leaat  the  mode  of  accomplishing  h. 
ud  the  oddt  OTercome.  Greater  gen-  Por  a  long  while  nnconsciouB  of  the 
eraiship,  cooler  braTsry  and  loftier  power  that  was  in  him  he  roamed  the' 
effort  may  be  shown  in  one  defeat  than  world  a  restless  and  gloomy  man.  He 
in  a  hundred  victories.  We  have  no  knewofno wajlopouront thethonghla 
patience  with  those  moralists  of  mere  and  feelings  that  were  conanming  him. 
kaimal  organization,  who  place  the  The  frensy  of  love,  the  excitemeota  of 
finest  wrought  spirits  God  ever  let  visit  passion,  all  failed  to  reach  the  pi»- 
die  earth  on  their  iron  bedatead,  and  foundeatdepthsofhisnature.  Hestrnek 
Btretch  and  clip  B<:cording  to  the  simple  the  lyre,  and  its  tone*  were  to  bim  & 
mle  of  long- measure.  A  higher  and  voice  by  which  he  could  give  ntteraace 
jnster  standard  is  needed.  Such  a  to  that  within  him.  He  bad  not  only 
passiooate  and  highly  strung  nature  as  the  soul  of  a  poet  but  the  spirit  of  a  r«- 
AlSeii'a  can  be  no  more  tmderatood  former.  His  heart  was  an  altar  on 
by  the  dealer  in  stocks  and  real  estate,  which  burned  not  only  the  fire  of  pas- 
OT  the  doll  plodder  in  the  routine  of  bis  sion,  but  the  purer  flame  of  freedom, 
daily  duties,  than  the  highest  parozysm  He  scorned  the  efTeminacy  and  siavisb- 
of  Ue  poet  can  be  comprehended  by  his  new  of  his  conntTymen,  and  he  nioke  to- 
ioa,  them  like  a  prophet.  But,  alas  !  he 
We  wished  to  speak  of  the  separate  should  have  known  that  the  stage  is  not 
works  of  Alfieri,  but  the  length  which  the  Tribune  from  which  to  harangne 
this  article  has  already  reached  forbids  the  people.  Not  in  the  theatre  do  re- 
it.  We  will  only  aay  that  Italian  publican  principlea  take  root  and  flour- 
tragedy  underwent  an  entire  revolution  ish.  Action  generated  there  ia  irregn- 
hr  his  works.  The  palmy  days  which  lar  and  fitful.  He  should  have  been 
the  schidar  saw  who  lived  in  the  IQth  the  nation'*  bard,  and  spoken  to  the 
century,  had  passed  away  in  the  ITlh,  heart  of  tbe  peo|Ae'in  plain  eameat 
and  an  efieminate  Kterature,  fit  only  language.  Not  through  the  Greek  oi 
toT  courts,  had  taken  its  place.  Mim-  Roman  patriot  should  tbe  accents  aC 
ies  of  Spanish  and  French  levities,  freedom  have  come,  bat  from  Alfieri 
amateurs  and  tkrce  makera  occupied  to  Aifieri's  countrymen.  Then  wotild 
the  Ilaliui  stage.  Goldooi  had  soourg-  he  have  breathed  into  the  mawt  the 
ed  thi*  degenerate  taste  with  hia  keen  breath  of  life,  and  not  only  maddened 
ntire,  but  not  killed  it.  Martelli,  who  but  redeemed  his  people. 
exchanged  Greek  and  Roman  verse  for  The  narrow,  doubtful  influence  of  the 
Fienelt— Maffei  who  succeeded  him,  stage  was  not  that  which  Alfieri  ahoold 
and  Antonio  Canti,  who  came  last,  had  have  wielded.  His  great  and  aineere 
aU  accotnpliehed  bat  little.  The  high  heart  should  have  accomptiahed  more, 
and  commanding  power  of  Alfieri'e  He  might  have  become  an  oraclC)  and 
geoioa  waa  needed  to  atoase  the  degen-  hia  words  been  the  language  of  the 
eiate  Italians.  The  grand  and  the  common  people.  If  theseornoftyran* 
terrible,  which  entered  ao  largely  into  n^and  the  love  of  freedom  poaied  forth 
bi*  eompoaitioD,  swept  away  as  with  a  with  anch  terrible  impetuosity  in  the 
tornado  the  whole  laoe  of  inimica,  aon-  "  Ttroiwide"  alone  had  been  spent  ia 
iMt  makers  and  eourtier  poets.  The  popular  songs  or  earnest  appeals  to 
It^iana  crowded  to  the  theatres,  no  the  people,  he  would  have  accomplished 
longer  to  be  pleased  by  fooleries,  bnt  more  than  in  all  his  tragedies.  Who 
■tirred  with  loAy  sentiments.  Strong  cares  for  patriotism  on  the  stager  It 
and/earfnl  in  his  caneeptionB,hs  wielded  oeaMs  to  be  truth  there,  and  is  all  ael— 
the  soft  Italian  widi  the  energy  and  mg.    The  qniver  of  an  eamd  lip,  tbe 


gle 


1844.1                                                Sonnet.  fl» 

tmi  of  ui  hontMt  ejB,  and  the  fire  of  m  ot  French.  Tkcitaa'  Latin  ii  Saxon  ia 
atern  and  free  aoul,  are  needed  In  gea-  etjle,  and  so  ia  DemoslheneB'  Greek 
erate  action.  The  truth  IB,  Alfieri  com-  aod  Bonaparte's  French.  There,  is  s 
meoced  wrong,  and  subsided  anray  into  directness,  simplicity  and  conciseneas 
the  dramatist.  He  Teformed  the  Ita-  in  strong  and  Tehemont  ihonght  com- 
lian  stage  and  baa  ever  since  occupiedit,  mon  to  all  nations.  This  very  asperi- 
«nd  this  is  about  all  he  has  done.  ty  in  AlSeri  pleases  us.  His  words 
To  judge  him  merely  as  a  acholar  he  are  blowa,  and  tbej  havs  thai  which  ia 
deseiTeathe  highest  praise;  but  to  judge  far  better  than  euphony,  Baieer.  Like 
him  aa  a  man  and  scholar  combin-  Byron  Alfieri  read  the  Bible  a  great 
ed  we  say  ha  did  not  do  the  great  things  d^.  The  lofty  poetry  of  the  prophet 
the  world  had  a  right  to  expect  from  ud  the  stem  magnificent  alyie  of  lbs 
Ilia  great  intellect.  His  atyle  is  accus-  Hebrew  harmnnised  with  his  feelings, 
ed  ofharahneas;  and  justly,  if  it  iacom-  Its  earnealness  and  independence,  nay, 
nared  whh  the  melliRuous  Dow  of  Ita-  almost  haughtines,  compared  with  hi* 
lioQ  verae  t  but  it  ia  the  harahnesa  of  own  natute.  He  thought  stronger  and 
■tTOng  feeling.  When  thoughts  are  felt  deeper  than  the  rest  of  hla  country- 
wrenched  out  of  a  man's  soul  in  the  fc-  men,  and  hence  neeeaaaril;  spoke  in  * 
Ter  of  excitement  tbsy  are  not  nanally  diOeient  language.  Il  is  always  so  ; 
clothed  in  the  moe(  eophoneous  Ian-  and  the  man  who  thus  speaka  and 
gosge.  Indeed  we  belicTe  eiiong-mind-  thioka  ia  first  condemned  as  an  innova- 
•d  pasMonate  men  always  think  in  the  tor  and  then  exalted  as  the  fonnder  of 
Saxon  form,  and  neTei  in  Italian,  Latin  a  new  sohool. 


SONNET. 

Oa !  in  that  better  land  to  which  I  go. 
Say,  shall  I  know  thea  aa  I  know  thee  herel 
And  will  thy  presence  dim  that  glorioas  sphere 
As  it  hath  darkened  all  the  earth  below  < 
Oh  1  will  that  voice  enchain  my  listening  ear, 

Whoae  "  frozen  music"  stops  my  pulses  now ; 
And  shall  1  meet  in  that  fair  land  of  biias 
Those  calm,  cold  eyes  that  chill  me  bo  in  this  1 

Shall  I  bear  hence  e'en  memory  of  theel 
Unheeded  there  will  pass  the  Angel  throngs, 
I  shall  not  hear  the  Seraph'*  burning  songs, 
And  heaven  itself  will  be  all  dark  to  me. 
Oh  give  me  raiher  that  drear,  hopeless  ftith, 
That  tees  do  Dsora  beyond  the  night  of  deadi ! 


lizcdbyGooi^le 


Monthly  Financi^  and  Cimimereial  Article. 


MONTHLY  FINANCIAL  AND  COMMERCIAL  ARTICLE. 

The  state  of  the  money  market  is  verj  market  nith  roieign  goods,  great  exet- 
Batisfaclory,  inasmuch  as  that  ibe  tioDs  and  ezlended  credKs  hSTs  been  ns- 
aoiouut  of  credits  outstanding  is  Tery  cestary  to  work  off  the  merchaDdiae. 
limited,  and  that  the  rate  of  moDey  is  Tbe  long  dated  notes  of  country  deal- 
low,  al^ough  the  baoks  have  made  con-  gib,  have  formed  collateral  security  fiw 
staot  and  icpealed  eSbrts  la  advance  notes  of  tbe  city  merchatit,  discoaDt«d 
the  rate.  Tbe  competition  of  private  st  ihebaaks;  amostdHngerousproceed- 
capitalists,  backed  by  the  abundance  of  ing  in  the  low  slate  of  prices  for  eoira- 
inoney  In  Europe,  prevenis  any  male-  try  produce.  The  pro(;rta8  of  trade, 
rial  rite  in  the  value  of  money  m  a  re-  for  several  years,  has  been  as  follows, 
ffnlar  state  of  business.  The  demand  indicated  in  the  official  qoarletly  stUe- 
for  money  has  of  late  increased,  in  con-  ments  of  tbe  port  of  New  Vorb,  for  lh« 
■e'quBDce  of  the  state  of  the  import  year,  ending  Sept.  30,  ISU. 
Irade,   which  having  overstocked  (he 

IJUABTERLT    IMPORT    UITO   THK    PORT   OP   NSW    TOBX. 

1S3B.    '                18W.                1S41.  IBtl.  IBU:  IBU. 

4th  qr.     $17,0!G,0S1  14,621,364  n,402,34e  11,312,073    6,281^52  10,022,106 

1st"         28,110,818  16,940,786  21,933,890  20,687,030    8,705,765  19,030,605 

2d  "         22.748,183  10,647,872  18,736,421  18,7-.'4,686  16,124,910  19,659,357 

3d  «         31,698,322  17,854,920  23,285,626  9,722,287  16,455,745  26,690,218 


Xotal      S99,483,4I4    60,064,942    75,369,283     60,446,031  46,567,972    75,402,286 

The  datiea  accruing  on  the  import  of  nished  imports  aod  enhanced  supply  of 
this  year  were  $31,379,730,  against  bills  drawn  against  produce  shall  I»tb 
40,984,929,  in  the  previous  year.  The  sunk  the  rate  lo  a  favorable  point,  pro- 
impoit  has  been  very  nearly  the  same  vided  it  shall  not  he  for  the  interest  of 
as  in  1641,  in  which  year  a  heavy  drain  capitalists  to  continue  to  employ  it  hsre. 
of  specie  took  place,  amounting,  up  to  It  is  evident  baxa  the  above  t^le,  enc 
the  middle  of  November,  to  several  bracing  four  years  of  low  tariff,  and 
millions,  and  greatly  endangering  the  two  years  of  exorbitantly  high  duties, 
solvency  of  the  New  York  banks,  that  the  manner  in  which  a  tariff  acts  in 
During  the  past  year  the  rates  of  bills  protecting  the  home  manufacture  is  not 
have  been  msintained  at  a  level  slightly  by  excluding  the  foreign  article,  be- 
above  the  actual  par,  affording  a  small  cause  the  import  has  been  this  year  as 
proGt  on  tbe  drawing  of  bills.  This  large  as  in  1841,  and  35  per  cent. 
circumstance,  added  to  the  fact  that  larger  than  in  either  of  the  years  1840- 
money  has  averaged  here  in  the  gene-  1842.  Hence,  if  the  manufactnren 
ral  mailcet  several  per  cent,  higher  have  been  benefited  at  all,  it  is  only  in 
than  in  England,  has  contributed  to  Uie  enhanced  price  obtained  for  the  ar- 
the  retention  of  specie  on  this  side,  tides  made  here,  consequent  upon  tbe 
more  especially  that  the  gold  in  the  iJoty  imposed  upon  a  similar  one  im- 
vBults  of  the  banks  is  mostly  light,  and  purled.  Thiaenhancedpriceof  the  goods 
is  not  wonb  in  England,  as  money,  its  has  been  a  main  reason  for  the  difficulty 
full  weight,  being  subject  to  the  opera-  of  sale  experienced  by  tbe  importers 
tioaof  recoinage  before  it  is  available  and  jobbers,  and  of  tbe  conseqnent 
for  that  purpose.  With  the  same  forced  sales  upon  long  credit.  It  is  a 
amount  of  Imports  onder  other  circom-  fact  connected  with  the  import  trade, 
stances,  a  considerable  export  of  specie  Ihat  the  imports  cow,  and  for  a  few 
might  have  taken  place.  The  same  years  back,  have  consisted  only  of  re- 
amount  of  indebtedness  that  would  Inrns  for  those  articles  of  prodnce 
have  occasioned  that  export  still  exists,  which  are  peculiar  to  the  United  State*, 
and  may  probably  be  remitted  in  the  and  for  which  a  market  only  ia  Earope 
eonrae  of  (he  wiater,  whea  tbe  diml-  can  be  found.    The  cotton,  rice,  ud 


oogic 


1844.] 


Monthly  Financial  and  Commercial  Artiele. 


tobftcco  of  the  United  States  niiBt  bs 
sold  abroad,  and  if  sold  there,  the  pro- 
ceeds must  be  brought  home  in  sorae 
shapb,  no  matter  what  may  be  the  tax 
Impoeed  upon  them.  Because  a  severe 
taxisimpasedat  home.icisnotiobeBup' 
posed  that  owners  here  of  properly  there, 
will  relinquish  its  possession  in  order  to 
escapethe  tax.  The  amount  of  necewory 
imports  inio  the  country,  or  the  actual 
value  of  our  produce  compelled  to  find 
B  market  abroad,  miy  be  said  to  b« 
"  fixed"  al  about  9 100,000,000  ;  a  high 
tax  upon  the  returns  will  surely  not  dimin- 
ish the  amount,  allhough  it  may  change 
their  shiipe,  aa  for  instance,  last  year 
•33,000,000  of  the  amount  came  in 
specie.  A  high  tariff  can  diminish 
those  imports,  which  are  made  not  aa  a 
necessity,  but  as  teeking  a  profitable 
market,  as  would  be  the  case  for  all 
goods  over  about  »I00,OO0,000.  The 
probability  is,  from  the  abundance  of 
money  in  England,  the  glut  of  the  mar- 
ket here  for  goods,  and  their  falling 
prices,  that  further  imports  in  specie 
will  take  place  this  year. 

The  change  in  the  roanner  of  doing 
business  by  the  bank  of  England,  in 
compliance  with  the  prOTisions  rcnew- 
iog  lis  charter,  will  have  an  influence 
upon  the  money  market  and  state  of  ba- 
ainess  throughout  the  world.  We  have 
before  alluded  to  the  aSairs  of  the  insti- 
tution. It  will  be  remembered  that  a  se- 
paration, nominal  in  fact,  has  been  made 

An  account,  pursosnt  to  the  Act  7ih  and  8ih  Victoria,  cap.  33,  for  ths  1 
ending  on  Saturday,  the  8lh  day  of  September,  1814  : 

ISSDI  DSPARTMIHT. 


691 

between  the  iaeae  and  banking  depart- 
ments, by  which  the  former  is  to  have 
possession  of  all  the  specie,  and  of  the 
securities  of  the  hank,  to  the  extent  of 
£14,000,000,  and  tocharge  the  bank  de- 
partment with  the  gross  amount  in  cir- 
culating notes.  The  bank  department, 
possessed  of  these  notes,  conducts  an 
oulinary  hanking  business,  in  competi- 
tion wiih  other  money  lenders.  And 
herein  is  the  great  and  immediale  effect 
of  the  change  made  by  the  terms  of  the 
renewal  of  the  charter.  Heretofore 
the  bank  has  conducted  itself  more  aa  a 
furnisher  of  currency,  with  which  the 
business  of  the  surrounding  hanker* 
was  carried  on,  and  therefore,  generally 
kept  her  rate  of  interest  somewhat 
above  the  market  rate,  in  order  not  to 
compete  in  general  business.  By  the 
new  arrangement,  the  issue  department 
has  become  the  furnisher  of  curtencj 
which  will  be  governed  by  the  public, 
and  not  by  the  bank,  as  the  latter  is 
equally  bound  to  give  gold  for  notea,  or 
notes  for  gold,  whenever  called  upon. 
So  thai  the  current  of  trade  alone  will 
govern  the  amount  of  paper  money  in 
circulation,  and  thai  will  always  be  re- 
presented by  an  equal  amount  of  gold  in 
the  Bank  vaults.  The  first  return  of 
the  bank  under  the  new  law,  was  made 
on  the  7th  Sept.,  which  we  here  insert, 
as  it  marks  an  important  change  in 
banking. 


Goveramtnt  debt  ....  11,015,100 

Oiber  secnritie* '  .    .    .    .  3,984,900 

Gold  coin  and  bullion      .    .  13,657,208 

SUvu  bullion IfiBAflSl 


DEPABTMINT. 


Proprietors' capi'tal  ■  -■  .  14,653,000 
Rest  ...  ^  ...  .  3,564,729 
Public    Deposits     (including 

Exchequer,  Savings  Banks, 

Commisi Loners  of  National 

Debt  and  Dividend  accounts)  3,630,809 

Other  Deposits 8,644,348 

Seven  Daj  and  other  Bills      .     1,030,354 


Govemmenl  Securities,  includ- 
ing Dead  Weight  Aunuitf     14,554,834 
llier  SecuiiticB    ....      7,835,616 
Notes 8,175,025 

Gold  an:!  Silver  Ccin  .    .     .         857,765 


31,423,240 
Dated  the  ISih  day  of  September,  1844. 


M.  MAuaiLL,  chief  cashier. 


Google 


JtSS  Monthly  Ftntmeial  and  Commereiol  Articie.  [Nor. 

Accordins  to  the  reqaieiliotis  of  Ihe  those  deBcriptions  which  c&n  be  oblais- 
law,  the  bank  depsrtment  has  made  ed  on  better  terms  in  other  qaarteia. 
over  to  a  set  of  clerks  called  the  The  high  torifT,  nhile  it  cannot  pre- 
"  issue  department,"  that  portion  of  Tent  the  retorn  lo  ihis  country  of  prop- 
tfae  capital  which  consists  of  the  debt  ertj  which  belongs  here,  has  a  greU 
due  by  the  gOTerament,  being  £11,-  influence  in  ptevenling  the  sale  of  for- 
015,100  and  X3 ,984 ,900  of  exchequer  eign  goods  here  as  a  pure  matter  of 
bi]l8,tbe  limit  being  three  million  pounds  commercial  enterprise,  and  to  remit  tho 
■teriing,  together  with  all  its  silfer  returns  of  which  would  compel  a  par- 
bullion  snd  gold,  Tesetfing  onlj  its  sil-  chase  of  general  produce  for  that  pnr- 
Ter  coin  and  a  small  amount  of  gold,  pose.  When  United  Slates  cotton  is  sent 
although  not  obliged  to  do  so,  to  ac-  to  Europe  for  sale,  the  proceeds  »ro 
tnmmodatB  its  customeTB.  In  return  not  directly  invested  in  goods  by  tbt) 
it  hasreceiTed  £S8, 351,995 of  circuiat-  owner  of  cotton  and  broQght  back  ;  bo 
ing  notes.  In  this  amount  of  notes  are  sells  the  bill  to  him  who  having  brought 
included  .£20,176,370  which  were  pre-  foreign  goods  here  for  sale,  wishes  to 
vioasjy  in  circulation,  and  the  remain-  make  a  remittance.  The  more  goods 
der,  XS,  175,035,  are  on  hand  lo  be  there  are  brought  here,  the  greater  ia 
loaned  out  in  competition  with  the  oth-  the  demand  for  some  means  of  remlt- 
OT  bankera  of  London.  The  clrcula-  tance,  and  with  a  steady  trade,  a  grad- 
tioD  of  the  country  banks  is  limited  to  aai  and  large  demand  for  weslern  pro- 
:C8,000,000,  and  the  circulation  of  the  duce  would  spring  up  (o  ihe  great  ben- 
Bank  of  England  being  as  above  the  efit  of  the  farmers.  This  is  strictly 
paper  currency  of  England,  amounts  to  pruhibited  by  our  tariff,  which  conGnea 
jC38,17a,270,  and  the  Bank  has  still  the  imports  closely  to  returns  for  pro- 
over  eight  million  of  notes  on  band,  duce  which  England  must  buy  auder 
with  a  rate  of  interest  at  1  3-4  and  U  1-4  any  circumatanceB.  This  operation  of 
percent,  per  annum.  Hence  ii  is  evident  the  tariff  is  one  of  the  greateat  obsta- 
that  whatever  Increase  may  take  place  clet  in  the  way  of  the  resumption  of 
inthecurrency,itmnst  befrom  the  em-  their  payments  on  the  part  of  ihede- 
tiloyment  of  the  sarptas  notes  with  the  linquent  States.  Thej  can  neitbei 
Bank.  The  usual  course  is  for  prices  to  pay  taxes  nor  commercial  debts  as  long 
rise  gradually  as  the  abundance  of  mo-  as  their  labor  yields  them  no  pecaoiary 
Bey  increases,  and  the  imports  to  swell  profit. 

in  volomenntil  gold  is  exported  in  con-       The  position  of  the  debts  of  the 

•equence.     This  will  take.place  to  the  American    States    is    very    pecoliar. 

United  Slates  to  some  extent.    The  In  Europe,  those  interested  in  the  debts 

notes  will  then  be  retarned  upon  the  are  of  the  same  class   of  peo|>le  who 

iMae  department  for  gold  and  the  vol-  form  as  it  were  part  of  the  present  gor- 

imie  of  the  currency  be  diminished,  ex-  ernments,  and    whose  lenor   of  exiat- 

posing  the  Bank  of  England  as  well  as  ence  is  exceedingly  frail.   There  is  very 

Other  hankers  to  the  inconvenience  of  little  donbt  but  tbat  if  the  payment  or 

a-aoarcity  of  money.     A  full  cnrrBncy  non-payment  of  existing  debts  of  Eoro- 

in  England  is  a  matter  of  great  impor-  pean  governments  were  to  rest  solely 

lance  to  the  United  States,  becaoae  it  with  the  will  of  the  tax-payers  as  in  this 

eohanees  Ihe  value  of  our  produce  aold  country,  so  far  from  there  being  occa- 

thns,    and    consequently   swells   the  sion.for  surprise  that  one  or  two  failed, 

pToGta  of  tho  planters,  the  prices  of  there  wonld  be  great  astonishment  to 

whooa  produce  depends  apon  the  state  find  any  one   [aying.     It  has  always 

of  the  market  there  rather  than  here,  been  an  object  with  illegitimate  gor- 

The  harvests  of  England  are  this  year  ernments,  or  those  which  exist  in  ~  ~ 


It  prolifie,  while  the  war  farces  got  position  to  the  will  of  the  people  whom 
.  ly  the  reigning  families  having  b^eo  they  profess  to  govern,  to  mnltiply  the 
withdrawn,  there  is  every  prospect  that    number  of  their  adherents  by  making 


the  present  sbandanoe  of  money  in  them  creditors  of  the  govemtaeQt,ai 

England  will  continue  and  will  infln-  consequently   enlarging   the    laws   on 

ence  the  state  of  affairs  here,  rather,  which  existing   insUIutions  are  based, 

however,  by  improving  the   value   of  The  vast  debt  of  England,  amonntilig 

that  prodnce  which  England  boys  from  lo    near   7&0,000,000/.,  is  owned    by 

nooeeaity  than  inducing  punthasers  of  082,349  persons,  amongst  27,000,000 


gle 


1844.]                    MontAIy  Finaneiat  and  Comoierctat  Arliclt.  533 

vbo  pay  i&zes.  This  fact  was  a  iogs  Banks  and  lo  iDTeat  them  in  the 
Boarce  of  great  unessineas  to  that  gor-  goTsrnnient  Moak.  By  this  meaaB  it 
erument  during  the  years  of  BSTere  was  rightly  supposed  each  small  de- 
distress  which  followed  the  war,  and  poBilor  would  be  bought  over  to  the 
means  were  anxiously  sooght  by  which  government  interest,  and  lo  induce  de- 
the  goTernmcnt  could  obtain  a  better  posita  a  higliei  interest  was  allowed 
hold  open  the  people  at  large  and  in-  than  was  received  from  the  invest- 
cteaae  the  proportion  of  those  interest-  ments.  Thus,  from  August,  IBIT,  to 
ed  in  the  support  of  gOTemment.  This  November  5,  1811,  the  dividends  paid 
in  the  year  I8t7  presented  itself  in  the  amounted  to  13,086,472/.,  and  the 
form  of  Savings  Banks.  Those  insti-  amount  received  from  investments  no- 
tations were  first  created  in  1804,  and  191,337f.,makingaloss  of  1,895,1691., 
graduallj  increased  iu  aurobeT  to  70  in  or  so  much  added  lo  the  burdens  of 
1817.  In  that  year  the  "  philanthro-  the  people  in  order  to  ioteresl  a  portion 
pj"  of  the  government,  a  ready  cloak  of  them  in  the  government.  The  pio- 
for  state  intrigues,  prompted  it  to  take  gress  of  these  Banks  has  been  as  fol> 
charge  of  all  the  deposits  of  the  Sav-  lows  : 

BATixes  BARKS  or  xNouni). 


Anwuii  of  Demlit. 

412,517 

13,M7,66S 

IS99,3M 

18,505,888 

S41,!!04 

24,474,689 

1841 

Thus  from  989,349  national  credit-  odioas  business  the  connection  of  Bng- 
on,  by  this  skilful  change  of  invest-  land  has  fixed  a  lasting  blot  npon  her 
ment,  the  number  is  increased  to  reputation.  When  the  insane  oppres- 
I,183,SS3.  Bat  the  gross  population  sion,  and  attempted  frauds  of  the 
has  increased  in  a  greater  proportion,  Dutch  King  drove  the  Belgians  to  el- 
and the  distrsss  of  the  tax  paying  tremilies,  and  hostilities  commeaced, 
masses  by  no  means  alleviated.  The  the  allied  sovereigns  of  Europe  thrust 
time  is  not  far  distant  when  the  moral  Ibemeelres  between  the  combatauta, 
sense  of  the  whole  people  will  be  put  agreeably  to  the  secret  Treaty  of 
to  the  test  in  relation  to  this  debt.  Tronnau,  by  which  they  bonod  them* 
Holland  is  the  next  country,  the  people  aetves  to  assist  each  other  inputting 
of  which  are  overburdened  with  an  down  the  movement  of  the  people,  of 
oppressive  debt,  and  she  struggles  hard  any  country  whatever,  against  existing 

'--    '  -.-.,■-.  .  o      ■  .,        J)„(p5 


o  make  her  necessities  a  proof  of  her  governments.  So  long  aa  the  Duton 
integrity  and  high  credit.  Thedehl  of  King  appeared  lo  have  the  mastery 
Holland  in  relation  to  the  population  they  did  not  meddle.  One  month, 
is  enormous,  being  1,100,000,000  do-  however,  after  the  repulse  of  the 
rins,  or  4454,330,000  to  a  population  of  Dutch  from  Brussels,  and  the  estab* 
3,800,000.  Tha  debt  is  cumpoied  of  the  lishmem  of  a  provisional  government  in 
old  Netherland  3)  per  cents,  amounting  Belgium,  a  protocol  issued  from  Len- 
to 789,000,000  florins,  and  331,000,000  don,  evincing  a  "  lively  desire  lo  pot  a 
florinsaverageSper  cent,  since  the  revo-  stop  to  the  eflusioa  of  blood,"  and  pro- 
Intion  of  1830,  by  which  means  she  be-  posing  that  the  troops  of  either  nation 
came  separated  from  Belgium.  The  ahould  retire  beyond  their  respective 
debt  of  fielgiam  is  about  1^0,000,000  boundaries.  The  Belgians  assented 
floiine,  contracted  since  the  revolaiion,  on  the  sole  condition  that  the  whide  gf 
mostly  to  provide  for  the  standing  army  the  left  bank  of  the  Scheldt  ahould  be 
■he  was  compelled  to  support,  conse-  their  boundary,  according  to  the  treaty 
quent  m>on  the  long  unsettled  state  of  of  May,  1811,  which  broke  up  the 
ber  difficulties  with  Holland,  all  of  Empire  of  Napoleon.  The  holy  alU- 
which  difEculties  were  manufactnred  ance  rejoined  that  the  assent  was  per- 
by  the  e(innlerei/«<f  holy  alliance.  The  fcci.but  that  the  Cfmrft/ionof  the  assent 
latter  country  has  been  fast  verging  lo  in  relation  to  the  boundary  was  "  noth- 
insolreney,  and  the  situation  of  both  is  ing  hut  an  opinion,"  which  they  would 
a  melancholy  result  of  the  conduct  of  decide  hereafter.  They  did  so  decide,  f^ ,-.  -.  -i  I,-, 
the  holy  alliance,  in  1630,  with  which  and  gave  iof^  banks  of  the  Scheldt  to  V^OOQIC 


&4                          Monthly  Finmeial  and  Contmtrciat  Article.  [Not. 

HoHand;  Belgium  to  remain  pennaoent-  States  the  reTerae  is  tbe  ct«e — ■Imoat 

ly  oeatral.     In  other  wDrds,  its  iude-  all  the  debts  are  dae  abroad,  and  thoaa 

KodencewsB  conditional  upon  its  good  vho  pay  the  taxes  form  the  govera- 
haTioi  and  its  obedience  to  the  holy  tnenl,  and  are  not  tempered  by  the  pre- 
slliaace,  then  sitting  in  Downing  street,  scnce  of  any  considerable  or  infioeattal 
London.  This  gross  and  oulrageous  body  who  have  an  interest  in  the  pay- 
robbery  was  not  taniely  submitted  to,  meat.  Hence  any  payment  is  not 
tnd  the  uneasiness  to  which  it  ^va  made  through  a  tai  levied  by  a  body  of 
rise  invoWed  both  Holland  and  Belgi-  interested  and  hereditary  Lcgielaiures, 
nm  in  an  enormous  expense  ;  but  the  and  enforced  by  armed  myrmidons  upon 
excited  state  of  the  Belgian  nation  the  body  of  the  people ;  but  it  arises 
made  it  necessary  for  HoFland  to  as-  solely  from  a  high  moral  sense  of  right, 
■nme  the  whole  debt.  Since  the  final  enierCained  by  a  majority  of  the  people 
adjustment  of  the  diflicullieB  Holland  who  are  to  pay  the  money.  Where  tbe 
luia  been  seriously  ocenpied  with  the  means  of  pay  are  sufficient,  ibis  has 
Te-establishment  of  the  order  of  her  always  been  promptly  done,  as  ia 
finaoces;  and  it  has  becone  more  and  the  present  case  of  the  State  of  New 
more  «Tident  that  the  load  is  greater  York.  In  I84S,  alarge  and  influential 
than  she  can  bear.  Accordingly,  last  party  maintained  that  the  means  of  the 
winter  she  seixed  tbe  pretence  of  a  low  State  were  sufficient  to  pay  its  debts 
lateofinterest  for  money  in  England,  to  without  any  resort  to  taxation.  Tha 
rednce  the  interest  on  the  331,000,000  opposite  party  showed  that  altbaagh 
florins  contracted  since  1830,  frooi  a  5  that  might  possibly  be  tbe  case,  yet  a 
I>«rcent.toa3percent.8tock.  Thiswas  direct  tax  of  9800,000  was  necessary 
the  more  necessary  as  that  some  hints  to  avoid  any  possible  contingency  ot 
dropped  about  a  property  tax  to  pay  the  failure.  That  party  levied  the  tax,  and 
interest,  had  elicited  a  feeling  among  a  majority  of  those  who  paid  it  triam- 
the  people  which  the  government  did  phuitly  sustained  them  in  it.  The  his- 
not  care  to  enhance.  To  reduce  tbe  tory  of  the  Globe  presents  no  similar 
five  per  cents  in  a  legal  form,  a  loan  of  instance  of  disialeiested  integrity  on 
7,000,000  guilders  became  necesBaif  the  part  of  a  whole  people.  That  some 
to  pay  bonuses,  iic,  and  to  obtain  of  the  States  have  failed  for  want  of 
this,  what  was  called  a  "  patriotic  ap-  means  is  trne.  The  fault  was,  however, 
peal  to  the  people  was  made"  to  loan  not  that  of  the  people,  but  of  a  few  d«- 
the  money  at  3  per  cent.  That  is,  it  signingmen,  who  taught  them  to  believe 
l>eing  felt  that  the  people  would  not  that  taxation  would  never  he  required 
pay  the  debt,  an  appeal  was  made  to  pay  the  debts,  and  to  this  day  thej 
to  those  to  whom  it  was  due  to  take  contiuae  to  hold  out  some  idle  paper 
D,S30,000  guilders  per  aunQm,  instead  scheme  as  a  means  of  settling  debts 
of  16,550,000  guilders,  otherwise  they  without  paying  them  ;  thereby  checking 
tan  the  chance  of  getting  nothing,  the  disposition  to  pay  taxes. 
This  of  course  they  did,  and  the  7,000,-  The  debts  of  each  of  the  SUtes,  and 
000  guilders  to  carry  through  the  ope-  of  each  of  tbe  Territories,  depend  solely 
ration  was  subsctibed  promptly  in  upon  the  reaonrcea  and  will  of  the  peo- 
March  last.  This  circumstance  was  pie  of  each  to  pay  taxes  with  a  yjew  to 
then  trumpeted  all  over  the  world  as  an  tbeir  discharge.  The  question  of  the 
instance  of  the  high  credit  of  Holland,  assumption  of  the  debts,  either  directly 
and  the  willingness  of  its  people  to  pay  orindirecl1y,bylheFederalgoveinineiit, 
debts,  and  was  thought  to  cuntraBt  un-  has  been  agitaled  hy  interested  iodi- 
fkToiably  with  those  States  of  America  viduals  ;  some  of  them  to  obtain  popn- 
tbat  actually  failed.  lariiy  in  their  own  Slates,  hy  seeking 
Now  it  must  be  remembered  in  both  through  assumption  to  throw  its  burdens 
thosecaaesorHollandandEngland.thal  upon  other  States:  and  others  in  tho 
tbe  debt  is  due  in  the  country,  and  the  hope  ofobtaining  that  payment  from  the 
creditors  of  the  State  form  the  most  Federal  Treasury  which  ia  thought  to 
wealthy  and  inllQential  class  of  its  citi-  be  hopeless  from  the  individual  Status, 
zeos,  by  whom  any  opposition  to  the  go-  All  parties  seem,  however,  to  be  so  con- 
Ternmenlor  to  the  payment  of  taxes  is  vineedof  the  unconstitutionality  of  snch 
promptly  frowned  down.  Those  who  a  movement  as  to  prevent  its  consom- 
pay  taxes  have  comparatively  little  to  maiion.  In  the  case  of  Texas,  bow- 
•ay  in  the  government.    In  the  United  ever,  an  attempt  seetos  to  be  making 


>gle 


Monthly  Ftnand^  »nd  Commereial  ArtieU. 


«6 


to  eaUblish  t  dangerons  precedent. 
Texna  sooner  or  later  will  be  Minexed 
to  the  UnioD,  It  has,  however,  some 
eight  or  ten  millioni  of  its  promise* 
outstanding — to  which  it  stands  ver; 
much  in  the  sams  relation  as  did  the 
United  Stales  gorernment  to  its  Conti- 
nenUil  Scrip  at  the  close  of  the  war. 
The  face  of  that  scrip  was  neTer  paid. 
It  wu  settled  at  an  average  spproii- 
mate  deprecialiao  of  some  forty  cents 
on  the  doll&r.  Now  if  Texas  becomes 
admitted  to  the  Union  as  a  Slate,  the 
Federal  government  bae  clearlj  no 
more  concern  with  its  debt  than  it  has 
in  the  case  of  the  Territory  of  Florida, 
sboald  she  be  admitted  as  a  State.  On 
becoming  a  member  of  the  Union,  the 
Texas  State  government  would  compro- 
mise its  debt  in  a  now  stock,  bearing 
interest,  and  pa;  it  from  its  own  re- 
■ources,  as  do  all  the  other  States.  An 
ideait  however  indostrioDsl;  circulated 
that  assumption  is  the  oecessarj  conse- 
quence of  annexation.  If  such  were 
the  case,  as  soon  as  that  assumplion 
took  place,  Florida  will  ask  to  be  ad- 
mitted, and  then  her  debt  must  also  be 
assumed  on  the  precedent  established 
in  the  case  of  Texas !  and  fallowing 
Florida,  the  other  Stales.  Now  Florida 
has  much  greiLter  claims  upon  the  Fede- 
ral government  for  the  assumption  of 
its  debt  than  Texas  could  have,  becaose 
the  Florida  debt  was  created  under  the 
sanction  of  Congress,  which  is  clearly 
not  the  ease  with  Texas.  In  March, 
1S39,  Congress  established  the  Terri- 
torial^vernment  of  Florida,  conferring 
upon  It "  legislative  powers  on  all  right- 
ful subjects  of  legislation."    The  laws 

1st  Question. 


of  this  Territorial  government  are  bind- 
ing and  good,  if  Congress  shall  not  an- 
nnl  them  in  the  course  of  the  succeed- 
ing session.  In  1933,  the  Territorial 
government  created  certain  Banks,  and 
issued  tbe  bonds  of  the  Territory  for 
their  capital.  These  sets  received  the 
negative  sanelion  of  Congress.  The 
bonds  were  sold  in  Europe  contrary  to 
law,  and  remain  unpaid.  In  conse- 
quence, the  committee  on  the  Judiciary 
of  the  Territorial  government  made  a 
lepoil,  with  resolutions,  as  follows  : 

1st.  "  The  power  of  the  Territorial 
government  does  not  extend  in  ihenre- 
ation  of  Banks,  or  the  issuing  of  Bonds." 
2d,  "Resulved,  That  such  pledge 
of  the  faith  and  credit  of  the  people  of 
Florida  is  null  and  void," 

Following  this  movement,  the  case 
was  stated  to  James  Kent,  Esq.,  Daniel 
Webster,  Peter  A.  Jay  and  Horacs 
Binney,  Esqrs.,and  their  opinions  asked 
as  follows  : 

1st.  "  Whether,  under  the  Act  of 
Congress,  and  its  subsequent  amend- 
ments, organising  the  Territory  of  Flori- 
da, the  legislative  power  of  the  governoT 
and  council  extends  to  the  creation  of 
Banks  1" 

3d.  "  Wbether,nafter  a  sale  of  Ter- 
ritorial Bonds,  it  is  competent  for  Con- 
gress to  repeal  the  act  of  incorporation 
and  annul  contracts  under  it !" 

3d.  "  Whether,  by  bereafier  becom- 
ing a  State,  the  State  of  Florida  can 
release  herself  from  tbe  obligations  en> 
tered  into  as  a  Territory,  under  pro- 
visions of  the  Act  in  question  1" 

The  answers  were  briefly  as  follows  : 


Daniel  Webster, 


Te*. 


No. 

Yes,  bet  ihe  Territorj  i*  stilL 

liable  for  a  loan  made. 
Tes,  but  contract!  made  still 

bind  the  Territory. 
Yes,  bnt  not  proper. 


No. 


No, 


Here  is  a  case  in  which  it  is  admit-  be  set  up  that  the  now  entirely  inde- 
ted  that  the  power  of  Congress  over  a  pendent  State  of  Texas,  by  becoming 
law  creating  the  territorial  debt  is  ab-  one  of  the  Union,  can  be  relieved  fcom 
solnte — but  that  Congress  has  in  no  case  its  debt,  and  that  be  thrown  upon  the 
any  responsibility  for  Ihe  debt.  That  rest  of  the  Union  I  The  position  is  pal- 
responsibility  rests  entirelv  with  the  pably  untenable.  All  the  responsi* 
people  of  the  Territory,  and  by  becom-  bilily  for  debts  rests  solely  with  the 
lag  one  of  tbe  United  States  it  cannot  individuals  that  contract  them,  wbU- 
lelieveitselffromitsTerritorialiespon-  ever  may  be  the  new  relations  thojr 
sibility.     On  wbal  pretence  then  osn  it  ma;  enter  into. 


iy  Google 


Mmlhly  LiUrary  BuUelin. 


MONTHLY  LITERARY  BULLETIN. 


The  following  are  the  rortheoming  worlu 
in  coatempUtian  by  Mr.  Simnu :  a 
Ijfe  of  Snmter, — >  Life  of  PkuI  Jonei, 
deduced  Irom  ori^Dsl  nad  antlLentic 
doeniiMBti,  wliich  will,  it  is  eiqwcted. 
Impart  mneb  new  infanaalion  relat- 
ing to  the  career  of  the  piivaleer. 
Anorhcr  literary  project  ii  a  revited 
edition  of  CapU  Snitti's  Hiitory  of 
Ti^ioia,  a  work  long  out  of  print, 
bnt  one  of  aalbority  and  Talne.  Mr. 
Simma  will  collate  the  work  with  all  ez- 
iating  records,  and  luperadd  laach  iate- 
retting  matter  Tclaling  to  Ihs  Travela  of 
Capt.  Smith ; — to  which  be  will  alao  ap- 
pend an  original  biography. — All  the 
above-named  works,  it  give*  u(  plea- 
sure to  add,  arc  to  emanate  from  the 
ptesa  (rf'oaT  pnUisber,  Hem;  O.  Lang- 
IcT- 

Appletons  have  itsned  in  attiastirs  Rtyle, 
Mary  Bowilt's  tranEletion  of  Otto 
Speeliter'i  "  Fablk  Booic,"  with  one 
hundred  wood  cnta:  it  i»  likely  to  be- 
come a  favorite  with  American  javeDile 
readers,  al  it  hasloDg  been  in  Germany. 
The  Mme  pabliahers  have  acveral  othera 
of  eqoal  merit  in  progress. 

Mai-  EuBiTBv'a  moat  beantifol  work  for 
the  drawiag-room  table,  "Natdhi'b 
Gasu,"  or,  American  Wild  Flowers  in 
their  natire  hnnnlB,  il  now  ready. 

The  Tolame  ia  illuminated  with  twenty 
colored  eagravines  of  iudigenons  flow- 
eri,  taken  from  drawings  made  on  the 
■pot  where  they  were  found ;  while  each 
floweris  accompanied  by  a  view  of  some 
Mriking  fiiatare  of  American  aceaery. 
The  literary  plan  of  the  book  differs  en- 
tirely from  Ihat  of  any  other  work  on  a 
similar  aabjecl  which  has  yet  appeared. 
Each  plate  ha*  its  botanical  and  local 
description,  thoagh  the  chirf  part  of  the 
volame  is  composed  of  original  tale*  and 
poetry,  illastratire  of  the  ici  ' 
the  flowers,  or  a—"'-*-''  — ;> 

Tbe  Slit  American  reprint  of  RosEaT 
SonTHEi's  ably  written  Life  of  Ouvsm 
Cromwell,  is  aboDl  to  appear,  in  a 
neatly  printed  Tolome  of  ISO  pages. 

A  new  work  for  the  yonng,  by  Caftaik 
Mabbtat,  "The  Settixes  in  Cana- 
da," and  another  by  Mart  Howitt, 
"  Mt  Uncle  tse  Cloceuaeek,"  have 
just  appeared. 

Another  valnme  foryonth,  called  '■  Phu.!* 
Rahsolfh,  a  Tale  or  Vikginia,"  is 
almost  ready.  Il  contains  a  view  <rf' the 
•eUlemeoli  in  the  early  liistory  oT  that 


rith  the  land- 


Colony;  and  combines  noble  inetme- 
tions  through  the  example  of  the  chieT 
personages  in  the  Narrative,  for  juve- 
nile  emnlatioD. 

TAs  ■dm*Tiant  Brmu-CarptriitT :  a  Tre«- 
tI*B  on  ArchilectorE,  &e,,  together  with 
themoit  important  principles  a[  Pratii- 
eai  Otonulry.  By  K.  Q.  Hatituj), 
Architect.  lUoslrated  by  more  tluA 
three  hnndred  EngraTiogs.— Thia  U  « 
really  valaablewark,aiulit«valBeisliT 
no  means  couBned  to  "carpenten — 
masters,  journeymen,  and  apprentices," 
for  whom  the  author  modestly  states  it 
is  intended.  The  section  on  Geometry, 
together  with  that  on  Architecture 
must  prove  not  only  interesting,  but 
highly  useful  to  general  readers,  par. 
licnbrly  to  those  engaged  in  very  many 
branches  of  the  arts— yet  we  willingly 
'admit  mod  patticnlarly  is  it  adapted  to 
the  elasa  Ibr  which  it  is  designed.  As 
is  jaslly  remarked  in  the  preface,  most 
works  on  this  subject  have  been  pnb- 
lished  at  so  high  a  price  as  to  be  cob- 
fined  to  the  favored  few — while  in  the 
present  work,  without  diminishing  ita 
intrinsic  valne,  it  is  bronght  within  tha 
reach  of  all.  No  one  in  any  way  con- 
nected with  building  could  more  profita- 
bly invest  $2  (we  believe  that  is  the 
price)  than  in  purchasing  this  work, 
and  thoroughly  mastering  its  contents. 

Dr.  D.  Meredith  Reese  has  nearly  com- 
pleted a  nsefU  litlle  maunat  for  medi- 
eal  stndenls,  "A  Leiicoa  of  Mo- 
dem Terminology,"  comprising  defini- 
tions  of  tbe  technicalities  ia  nse  by 
writers  of  medical  science.  It  will 
prove  a  complete  node  mtcum  tot  stn- 
denls.   Langley  is  the  pablisher. 

Mr.  John  Keese  has  recently  pnt  forth  s 
pretty  little  manual,  entitled  "  Tbe 
Mourner's  Chaplet,"  designed  as  an 
offering  of  sympathy  for  bereaved 
friends;  being  selections  a pproprikUdj 
made  from  American  writers. 

Dr.  Belcher  has  also  jnst  pabljahed  two 
little  tomes,  dctignHl  for  the  yonng  of 
both  sexes,  entiUed  "Facts  for  Girii 
and  Boys."  The  inleniioQ  is  a  good 
one,  that  of  inviting  the  yonthful  mind 
to  noble  deeds  and  an  elevation  of  par- 
pose  ;in  the  aSain  of  life.  There  is  a 
dirtcifua  in  the  moral  of  these  fatts 
that  cannot  miss  of  their  aim,  and  the 
pnbllaher  ought  to  find  a  ready  sole  for 
them  among  the  guaidians  of  tbe 
yonng. 

J.  S.  Bedfield  annonncet  tbe  iUlowisg  te 
speedy  pnblicativ; — 


Google 


Monthly  Idierary  BtUleliru 


537 


'.'  Hislorr  of  the  Ameiicta  R«Tolulion," 
A  new  work,  in  one  rolanie,  oeUTO. 
Hlostreled  wiih   scTeial  hundred   gd- 


"ffi" 


The  Military  Maxims  of  Napoleon," 
with  notes  and  obserrstiona  from  the 
vorlci  ofall  the  great  mililar)' irsptnini. 
Translated  Ccom  the  French  by  CoL 
D'Aguilar. 

"  On  the  ReligioDi,  Moral,  and  Social  Do- 
tie*  of  Life,"  by  Heiorich  Zschokke. 
Traoslkted  from  the  German,  by  James 
D.Haas. 

"Tbongbts  tunong  Flowers,"  with  nnme- 
rons  illniirationi. 

"Religions  Lnconj  or.  Holy  Thonghti." 
Selected  from  Tarioiu  authors,  byBcT. 
Joseph  Jones. 

"The  Seraphim;"  ■  eollectioii  of  reli- 
gbuf  poetry,  and  a  mannsl,  entitled 
"The  Langoageof  LoTe:"  nowready. 

J.  W.  Leslie,  Of  thii  city,  has  }u»  issaed 
an  BUraclire  little  hand-book  for 
trnaktr;  quaintly  entitled  "The  Ri»- 
tory  and  Myttery  of  Smoking ;  or,  a  few 
ftagrant  WhiOs  from  the  Weed,  erolv- 
ins  inndry  pleasant,  pithy,  and  piofita- 
lle  Hints  tonebing  the  Poetry  of  the 
Art,"  4c.  We  suppose  none  of  those 
who  iuxariate  in  the  practice  will  neg- 
lect to  possess  themselves  of  this  hn- 
moraiu  and  admirably  written  Itllle 
work,— by  far  the  best  we  hare  eter 
seen  on  tbe  subject,  and  one  that  oaght 
to  be  in  the  hsods  of  every  smoker  of 
cigars. 

Connoisseurs  in  old  books  will  be  glad  to 
learn  that  Gnrley  and  Hill  are  to  hare 
■a  auction  sale  of  one  of  the  most  en- 
lions  and  choice  collections  of  books 
erer  offered  in  the  United  States ;  con- 
taining selections  f>om  the  renowned 
libraries  of  the  late  Duke  of  Sussex, 
Kobect  Soalhey,  &e.  Tliis  will  prove 
one  of  the  most  valuable  opportunities 
ever  afforded  for  gentlemen  of  taste, 
mod  such  as  have  a  "  love  of  booki," 
for  enriching  tbeir  collections.  The 
catalogue  describes  seven  splendidly 
illuminated  Missals,  from  the  cabinets 
of  the  Duke  of  Sussex,  together  with  a 
large  amount  of  interesting  works  re- 
lating to  tbe  early  records  of  this  coun- 
try; works  in  theology,  history,  the 
fine  arts,  poetry,  be.  Catalogues  of 
this  splendid  collection  maybe  obtained 
gratis  on  application.  The  sales  com- 
tnence  Not.  I8. 

Professor  Frost  has  two  or  three  literary 
projects  in  view ;  among  others,  he  has 
in  progress  a  most  eomprebensive 
theme  for  any  one  man,  it  mast  be  con- 
fessed—a "  Pictorial  History  of  the 
World."  It  is  to  be  "  gotten  up"  afier 
the  most  approved  model  of  typographi- 


cal eieellence,  and  embellisbcd.  He 
also  has  another  book  nearly  ready,  on 
the  Indians  of  North  America,  compiled 
from  tbe  latest  autharities,  and  com- 
prising sketches  of  tbe  present  condi- 
tion, history,  and  customs  of  the  Eed 
rac?,  &,c. 

The  "Universal  History,"  designed  ex- 
pressly for  the  jurist  and  statesman, 
commenced  by  the  late  Generml  Snlli- 
vani  of  Boston,  is  at  length  verging  to- 
wards its  completion,  with  a  .view  I* 
tbe  press,  by  his  son.  It  is  said  the 
work  will  prefer  strong  clainfe  to  the 
consideration  of  the  legal  profession. 

Mr.  Langley  has  just  issued  the  second 
number  of  the  "  Dictionary  of  Practi- 
cal Medicine,  by  Dr.  Copeland,"  a  work 
which  has  so  long  been  before  the  me- 
dical profession  of  the  Old  World,  thkt 
it  is  almost  needless  to  slate  it  is  deser- 
vedly regarded  as  one  of  pre-emineat 
value  and  aathori^,  combining  the  best 
opinions  in  medical  science  extant, 
upon  almost  every  qaesiion  that  ma; 
arise.  The  indefatigable  compiler  haa 
devoted  over  twenty  years  of  arduous 
labor  to  the  subject,  eollaling  the  expe- 
rience and  authorities  of  tbe  leading 
Eoropean  pnclilionsrs  and  medical 
writers  of  the  age ;  and  in  this  Ameri- 
can repablication  are  incorporated  those 
of  our  own  country,  so  that  the  intrinsic 
worth  of  the  work  cnnnot  fail  of  com- 
mending it  to  all  interested  in  the  ad- 
vancement of  medical  science,  especial- 
ly to  the  several  members  of  the  Faculty 
throughout  the  land. 

We  lea"rn  that  the  learned  Dr.  Chss. 
Pickering — one  of  the  ablest  of  the  sci- 
entiSc  corps  of  tbe  exploring  expedition 
—is  now  on  his  tour  to  Asia  and  Africa, 
with  a  view  to  the  completion  of  bis 
collections  and  observations  towards 
forming  a  scientific  work  on  Ethnogra- 
phy. Excepting  Dr.  Morton,  the  au- 
thor of  the  great  work  on  American 
Crania,  we  have  no  one  so  adequate  to 
tbe  fulfilment  of  the  task,  and  all  that 
is  wanting  to  perfect  the  design  of  Dr. 
Pickering,  is  the  requisite  infonnalioa 
concerning  the  Eastern  Hemisphere; 
we  may  then  look  for  a  prodoclloo,  that 
for  unity  and  completeness  will  as  far 
eclipse  the  valaable  labors  of  Dr.Priteh- 
■rd  OB  the  varieties  of  the  human  raee, 
as  they  surpass  all  previous  attempts  at 
the  solution  of  the  interesting  inquiry. 


Google 


Monthly  Literary  BuUttin 


[Not.,  1844. 


Lefevte,  styled  "An  Apologr  fa''  tbe 

NerTCB,  or  their  Importance  snd  lofla- 
ence  in  Heallh  ngd  Qiaease." 

Mr.  Hafdon  has  a  new  Tolume  on  the 
Fine  Arts,  just  ready,  eaiitled  "  A 
Conrse  or  Seven  Lectures  on  Painliog, 
Deaija,"  tc,  with  w(KHl-«al  illnstra- 
tions  by  Ite  author. 

A  new  «ork  "  On  Practical  Aitronomy 
•nd  Geodesy,"  by  John  Nanien,  Pro- 
fessor ot  Mathematics,  &c.,  is  also 
about  to  appear. 

Sir  Hanjs  Nicolas  is  preparing  for  pulili- 
eation  "The  Despatches  and  Letters 
of  Admiral  Lord  Nelson."  It  seems 
rather  late  in  the  da;;  to  render  this 
public  tribnte  to  the  memory  of  the 
liero  or  the  Nile;  btit  who  that  bas  seen 
Soulbey's  delighlTul  biography  of  the 
Admiral  would  not,  like  Oliver  Twist, 
ask  for  more,  if  more  can  be  had,^re- 
Bpeeting  this  rcmnkable  man. 

I^ongmans  announce  several  Taloable 
books  on  (heir  monthly  lists :  among 
others  "The  Life  and  Rebellion  of  the 
Duke  or  Monmouth,"  b;  Roberts. 
"The  Church,  the  School,  and  the 
Parish,"  by  I.  Sand  ford,  M.  A.  "Gold- 
wnilh's  Poems,"  illustrated  by  the  Etch- 
ing Club.  "  The  Correspondence  of 
John,  4lh  Duke  of  Bedford,"  edited  by 
Lord  John  Russell,  "The  Collegian's 
Guide,"  a  picture  of  Cotiege  Life. 
"The  Betrothed  Lovers,"  from  the 
Italian,  by  Mary  Hewitt.  "  Sir  James 
Mackintosh's  Uiscellanies."  In  addi- 
tion to  the  usual  larger  annuals  we  are 
(o  have  "McClise's  beautifully  embel- 
lished edition  of  Moore's  Melodies," 
comprising  over  150  embellishments — 
the  text  is  to  be  surronndcd  with  orna- 
mental designs  and  enoraved  with  the 
illastrationi.  There  is  also  an  illumi- 
nated edition  of  the  "  Common  Prayer" 
— an  illumiEialed  "  Calendar  and  Dia- 
ry"— and  another  work  designed  for  a 
gin  book— "The  Sermon  on  Iha 
-Mount,"  printed  in  gold  and  colors  in 
the  Missal  style,  with  .omamental 
bodies.  *<  Heath's  Picturesque  Annn- 
•1"  will  be  displaced  this  year  by  "  Cat- 
termole's  Historical  Annaal."  We 
might  add,  an  elegantly  illustrated  work 
on  "Angling"  is  w  be  one  of  the  nov- 
elties for  the  pntml  season. 

"A  Book  of  BMuty  for  the  Queen's  Bon- 
doir,"  is  the  title  of  a  handsome  Mnsi- 
cal  Annual,  with  illustraijons.  Ad 
early  (tamott)  copy  is  jast  received  by 
W.  i  P.  . 

The  Barooest  de  la  Calabrella  is  edi^ng 


an  illostrated  Christmas  Boob,  to  be 
published  in  a  few  weeks;  the  exact 
title  not  yet  fixed  upon. 

We  are  happy  to  learn  that  Miss  Barrett's 
"Drama  of  Exile"  is  gainiag  distin- 
guished applause  in  the  British  capital ; 
and  that  she  stands  a  fair  chancefortlie 
highest  honors  of  poetic  renown.  Hisa 
Marlineau  has  reeovered  (rom  her  re- 
cent sickness ;  and  it  is  Staled  she  is 
indebted  for  the  boon  to  the  magic  of 
Mesmerism — we  do  not  know  if  admin- 
istered under  the  manipolation  of  Dr. 
Elliotson. 

We  also  observe  announced  "  The  Lile  of 
Rev,  Dr,  Bell,"  comprising  the  history 
and  progress  of  the  system  of  mutu^ 
tniiion,  by  the  late  Robert  Son  they,  bis 
widow  and  his  son.  The  following 
also  may  be  citA] :  "  Pictorial  Notices 
of  Tan  Dyck  and  his  cttemporanea," 
by  W.  H.  Carpenter,  in  ■110.  "A 
Yacht  Toyage  to  Texas,"  by  Mr*. 
HoDston.  Lamareb's  great  work  on 
Natural  History,  which  is  Terging  to> 
wards  its  completion,  the  9lh  aod  lOtb 
volumes  being  in  progress — it  is  enti- 
tled "  Histoire  uatnrelle  des  Aaimanx 
sans  vertibres."  A  rival  work  to  Min 
Strickland's  popular  Tolames  is  aD- 
nounced,  entitied  "  The  Queens  of  Eng- 
land, their  Lives  and  lofluenoe,"  in  one 
volume;  and  a  curions  volnme  entitled 
"  Brallaghan,  or  the  Deipuosopbists," 
by  E.Kennedy,  containing  contributions 
to  Prater's  Magazine,  Ains worth's, 
Eentley's,  the  Dublin  University,  end 
Punch.  Mary  Hewitt's  neit  trnnsla- 
tioa  from  the  Swedish  is  a  "  History  of 
Sweden,"  by  Anders  Fiyiell. 

We  also  notice  "  Points  and  Pickings  of 
Information  about  China  and  (he  Chi- 
nese," by  the  author  of  "  Soldiers  ai^ 
Sailors."  "  De  Warren ;  or  a  French 
Officer's  Opinion  of  British  India,  its 
Army,  and  Social  and  Political  Position." 
De  Warren  was  a  tienteaant  in  tbe 
British  tnranlry,  and  served  a  period  of 
nine  years,  during  which  be  aeqaired  a 
vast  deal  of  carious  information,  seen 
throagfa  a  medium  which  is  likely  to 
■nrprise  many  respecting  the  gav«ni- 
ment  of  the  British  possessions  (here, 
the  invasion  by  Bnssia,  and  the  ebar- 
aeler  of  the  British  Sepoy. 

Two  or  three  new  works  of  fietion  ate 
also  annoanced  by  Colbam.  One  by 
H.  W.  Hubert,  entitled  "The  Roman 
Traitor;"  another  is  to  be  called  "  Hil- 
liDgdon  Hall  or  the  Cockuev  Sqniie,* 
Ac. 


I  =y  Google 


THE 

UNITED  STATES  MAGAZINE, 

AND 

DEMOCRATIC  REVIEW". 


DECEMBER,  1844.  No.  LXXVIII. 


THE  GENERAL  ISSUE  AND  THE  PARTICULAR  ISSUES. 

The  Democratic   Pali;,  in   its   recent  two  ia  heTeaf\«T  to  be  regarded  aa  bmt 

sieat  TJctury,  slande  in  eeverftl  respects  worthy  of  confidence,  in  the  eioceritj 

in  a  most  hanorabie  contrast  wiih   the  of  ils  deckrationa  and  the  honestj  of 

Whigs  on  the  occasion  of  Iheir  success  its  intentions. 

in  1840.  This  might  easily  be  illus-  We  of  Ihs  Democratic  Party  will  do 
trated,  bj  reference,  alilte  to  ihe  syalem  what  they  did  not — we  will  deal  fairly 
of  electioneering  which  they  adopted  by  Ihe  people,  in  the  inferences  to  b« 
and  acted  out  before  the  election,  aod  CO  drawn  from  this  election,  as  to  tho 
the  intoxicated  insolence  of  triumph  in  points  which  are  to  be  regarded  as  de* 
which  Ihey  indulged  after  it.  But  it  cided  by  it ;  whatever  may  perhaps  be 
ia  to  another  point  uf  this  general  con-  the  extent  to  which  some  quenioas  may 
Irast,  that  oar  present  attention  is  di-  be  thus  prejudiced,  upon  which  we  per- 
reeled.  We  allude  to  the  unfair  man-  sonally  entertain  opinions  in  adranee  of 
■•r  in  which,  after  Ihe  election,  they  those  proTcd  by  the  late  canTBBS  to  be 
then  turned  round  and  claimed  the  general  among  the  people — and  in  re< 
result  aa  a  distinct  and  decisiTo  popa-  gard  to  which  we  might  hare  preferred 
lar  verdict,  apon  great  qnestions  of  that  a  more  alrongly  drawn  issne  had 
pablic  policy  in  regard  to  which,  before  been  made  and  decided. 
the  eleclvm,lhej  had  either  sheltered  II  is  not  alwsya  an  easy  thing  (o  de- 
themseWea  behind  an  impenetrable  re-  fine  exactly  what  has  and  what  has  not 
BBTTe  of  non-committalism,  or  in  differ-  been  decided  by  out  Presidential  dec- 
ent aections  of  the  Union  had  main-  tions.  The  Union  has  now  become  so 
tained  widely  different  grounds,  large  in  territory  and  population — (he 
How  true  is  this  remark  in  re-  public  affairs  so  complicated — the  peod* 
gard  to  that  which  was  the  main  iag  questions  so  many,  and  inevitably 
pilot  queation  of  the  whole  division  of  subject  to  such  modifications  in  the  dif> 
parties  far  the  last  fil^en  years,  the  ferent  aections  of  the  Union — that  it 
National  Bank  question,  it  would  be  little  becomes  an^  one  to  dogmatiu 
■uperftuous  to  undertake  to  prove.  We  imperatively  on  thia  subject.  There  ia 
all  remember  it  well.  The  allusion  to  one  broad,  paramount  issue,  strongly 
Ihe  point  speaks  sufficiently  for  itself,  drswn  and  nniversally  made  up  all  over 
The  Democratic  parly  will  now  set  the  country,  and  very  apt  to  swamp 
Ihem  such  an  example  as  will  beat  many  of  (he  partial  queetions  which  the 
serve,  at  once  to  awaken  perhaps  a  discuasicins  of  the  general  controversr 
blush  for  their  own  former  conduct  in  may  introdnce  with  more  or  less  effect 
parallel  circnmstances,  and  to  give  the  into  Ihe  canvass.  It  is  simply  thia — 
country  another  instance  to  prove  which  Which  of  the  tiea  great  leading  partial 
of  the  two  is  the  true  parly  of  upright-  thatl  be  placed  in  power  7  Which  of 
ness,  loyalty,  and  lidelity  to  iia  owa  the  two  ia  on  Ihe  whole  the  belter,  the  _^ 
pledges  and  profasaioos — whtoh  of  the  more  aonnd  ia  doetiinst  the  more  saft    (  ~'  /-\i^n  \c 


SSS  TAe  General  Ittue  and  the  Particular  Itttut.  [Dee. 

in  its  gPTieral  direction,  tlie  mors  honeat  by  "lo^-ioIIiDg"  &U  these  things  into 
and  reliable  in  its  men!  This  is&fter  all  a  certain  unitj  bb  a  "ajstem  of  nea- 
tbe  main  quealinn  ;  and  manj  a  Tote —  aurea,"  interlacing  tfaem  at)  together 
perhaps  a  majority  of  votes — is  given,'  into  a  network  of  mutnal  support,  each 
one  iray  and  the  other,  by  those  who,  resting  partly  on  its  own  strength  aOd 
c(i  the  whole,  in  view  of  all  the  coosi-  partly  oa  that  borrowed  from  all  the 
derations  inTolved,  prefer  the  ascend-  others — they  ancceeded  in  forcing 
ency  of  their  party,  even  though  there  them  through  the  process  of  legislation; 
nay  be  one  or  more  paints,  in  its  pre-  the  coantry  being  saved  from  their  iD- 
aent  policy,  which  they  do  not  approve,  lliction  only  by  the  interposilion  ofeir- 
and  do  not  mean  to  be  uodersiood  as  cumetanees  accideniai,  and  purely  per* 
approving.  This  is  the  General  Issue  sonal  in  their  nature.  It  is  now  for  ns 
.  ' — an  issue  by  no  means  involving  all  to  be  careful  not  to  eipose  oorselvee  to 
and  every  of  the  particular  isaiies  a  similar  imputation,  from  tboae  ia 
which  may  simnltaneuusly  be  made  up,  whose  conduct  ui«  protested  against  it 
with  more  or  less  distinclness  and  more  as  so  disgraceful  a  violation  of  political 
or  less  emphasia  in  the  several  sections  faiih  and  even  personal  honor.  If,  be- 
of  the  Union,  between  the  two  parties,  fore  descending  to  particulara,  we  are 
This  is  a  truth  rather  apt  to  be  lost  thus  earnest  in  emphasizing  this  gene> 
sight  of  by  the  special  advocatea  of  ral  principle  which  should  regulate  one 
some  or  other  of  these  particular  is-  conduct  after  the  4tb  of  March  next,  ms 
suea ;  from  whom  theory  ia  immediately  the  party  of  adminiatration,  it  is  only 
aflerheard,ihe  first  about  of  the  general  because  from  some  qaariers  there  hare 
triumph,  thai  thi>  or  that  point  has  been  been  too  many  indicatioos  that  it  is  Dot 
DOW  passed  upon,  by  the  ultimate  tri-  wholly  unnecessary, 
bnoal  of  the  popular  will ;  and  that  the  A  fair  and  frank  review  of  the  lata 
£ret  duty  of  the  parly  now  elected  into  canvass,  as  eondaeted  over  the  whole 
power  mast  needa  be  to  carry  that  ver-  surface  of  the  political  field,  would  lead, 
diet,  in  its  strongest  form  of  statement,  aa  we  feel  well  assured,  to  about  the 
into  effect.  This  is  an  error  by  aome  following  conclusiona. 
commilled  in  hoQeat  self-deluaion — by  I.  In  regard  to  a  National  Bank,  tbo 
others  in  full  consciousness  of  fraudu-  decision  of  the  public  will  is  very  em- 
lent  act  and  fraudulent  intent.  phalic  against  the  creation  of  such  an 
At  the  eleclionof  lB40,for  inatance,  instiiutinn.  This  point  is  at  last  set- 
'  what  was  specially  decided  by  the  pea-  lied.  Not  only  ia  the  Bank  dead,  but 
pie,  beyond  the  general  fact,  that  the  its  ghost  is  now  at  last  exorcised  and 
timeabeing  verybad, and  the  one  party  deposited,  deeper  than  plummet  ever 
promising  to  bring  back  the  golden  age  sounded,  at  the  bottom  of  the  Red  Sea, 
while  the  other  promised  oolhing,  they  no  more  to  re-visit  the  pale  glimpses  of 
determined  to  try  the  experiment  of  a  the  moon.  We  derive  this  conclusion 
"  change," — being  moreover  somewhat  not  alone  from  the  universal,  and  oni- 
tired  of  the  same  set  of  names  and  versally  strong,  declarations  of  the 
^ea  in  the  places  of  power  for  twelve    whole  Democratic  party  against   any 

J  ears  in  succession !  And  yet  upon  such  institution  ;  but  also  from  the  co- 
ow  many  apecial  issues  did  we  not  see  incidence  of  a  large  proportion  of  Uie 
the  authority  of  that  verdict  immediate-  Whig  public  aeniiment  with  them — as 
ly  invoked,  to  soothe  the  acruples  of  proved  by  the  manner  in  which  ao 
friends,  and  overpower  the  remon-  many  of  the  organs  of  expression  of 
atrsDcea  of  opponents  1  It  was  discov-  our  adveraaries,  either  evaded,  or  poai- 
eied  10  have  been  decided,  that  the  In-  lively  denied  that  iasue.  True,  they 
dependent  Treasury  should  be  destroy-  roserved  enough  to  alford  footing  for 
ed,  and  that  a  NatiooaJ  Bank  should  he  the  claim  of  a  popular  decision  in  it* 
created — that  the  proceeds  of  the  sales  favor,  aa  identified  with  the  very  nama 
ofthepubliclaods  should  hedislributcd,  of  Mr.  Clay,  and  as  avowed  by  maaf 
and  that  a  sweeping  bankrupt  bill  should    of  his  friends,  which  they  would  have  i 

be  paased — that  a  high  protective  tariff  planted  upon  it  if  they  had  beea  bdc- 
ehould  be  revived,  and  thai  Mr.  Clay  cessful ;  yet,  still,  they  cannot  and  do 
should  be  invested  with  a  general  legis-    not  themselves   deny   that  there  waa  ' 

lalive  dietatoisbip,  preparatory  to  bis  at  least  a  very  considerable  proportitHi 
recognized  right  of  succession  to  the  of  their  own  numbers  who  were  un- 
Piesideiiey  at  the  oeil  election.    And    friendly  to  the  idea  of  a  Bank,  tboiwh  > 

Ajoogle 


1844.]  7%e  Gmerat  Itiut  and  the  PartieuJar  Jituet.  BSS 

voting  for  Mr.  CUy  on  other  ^roundi,  the  conclniiTs  popnlar  veto  npoa  ft 
«nd  in  their  reliance  on  the  probabilitj  National  Bank,  in  connection  with  tha 
^at,  if  elected,  hisadminiBtration  would  fact  that  the  other  of  the  three  posaibU 
not  be  able  to  carry  a  Bank  througih  alleTnaiiTea  (namely,  another  "  pel 
Congtees,  in  Ihefiratplace — orthronjh  bank"  system),  has  absolutely  no  ad- 
thfl  ordeal  of  the  acbscription  to  ita  vocates  lefl.  It  is  needless  to  refer  to 
stock,  in  the  second.  The  addition  of  the  positive  manner  in  which  it  tnw 
this  cIms  of  persons  to  the  entire  mass  avowed  and  advocated  by  the  Demo- 
ot  the  Deinoeivey,  constilutea  an  over-  cratic  party  tbroughout  the  canvass,  at 
vhelming  popular  cnajoriiy,  nerer  like-    far  as  the  opportunity  was  afforded  aa 

S  to  be  shaken  by  any  future  appeal  DD  by  any  Whig  attempts  to  combat  it, 
is  point ;  even  ir  any  party  is  likely  which  were  neither  very  frequent  nor 
to  be  found  infatuate  enough  to  make  *ery  urgent.  A  virtual "  Independence 
it.  of  the  Treasuiy"  has  subsisted  throagh- 

3.  Tha  same  coarse  of  remaik  is  out  the  present  adminisiration,  under 
equatly  applicahle  to  the  project  of  the  original  sot  of  1789,  organiziDg 
Distribution.  The  declaration  of  the  the  Treasury  Department,  and  the  r«- 
DemocTBcy  was  evoryH-here  uncom-  aolulion  of  1816,  partially  defining  the 
promisingly  against  it,  while  it  nas  but  funds  to  be  leeeivahle  in  payment  of 
feebly  and  faintly  urged  by  the  Whigs,  public  dues  ;  to  which  have  since  hem 
That  also  is  dead  beyond  the  power  of  added  those  peaal  clauses  of  the  Sub- 
resuscitation  by  any  "Humane  Society"  Treasury  Bill  which  were  left  staoding 
ever  likely  to  be  formed  on  this  side  of  amid  the  general  havoc,  when  tto 
the  Atlantic,  however  popular  the  Whiga  rushed  in,  in  1B40,  and  made  « 
scheme  may  be  on  the  Exchanges  of  general  sack  of  all  they  found.  Loom 
London,  Paris,  and  Amsterdaio.  and  irresponsible  as  this  "system"  hsa 

3.  In  regard  to  the  abolition  of  the  been,  and  dependent  mainly  on  the  on* 
Presidential  Veto — nothing  funherneed  regulated  discretion  and  Tigilance  «f 
be  said  than  that  a  decent  courtesy  to  ihe  individuals  at  the  bead  of  the  Trea- 
the  feelings  of  our  opponents  places  a  snry  department,  it  has  been  so  far  re* 
"  Teio"  Dpop  even  an  allusion  now  to  eogniied  by  the  public  aeoeptation,  and 
that  point.  As  an  iime — as  a  practi-  so  tittle  assailed, even  bythatfiercepai- 
cal  project,  proposed  and  opposed — it  tj  criticism  which  could  find  so  little  lo 
can  scarcely  be  said  to  hare  been  more  "°  satisfied  with  in  or  under  the  present 
than  bom.  It  died  in  the  very  nurse's  administration,  that  it  is  nndeniable  thM 
arms,  before  it  had  even  tiran  to  cry.  thepublicopinionofthecountryhssfullj 
Two  touching  epitaphs  have  been  writ-  and  finally  adopted  the  policy  of  the 
ten  upon  lilile  humanities  thus  proved  Independence  of  the  Treasury  ;  and 
to  have  been  bo  very  dear  to  the  gods  'bat  it  is  now  ripe,  which  was  not  quite 
by  the  feet  of  their  dying  ao  very  the  case  in  Mr.  Van  Baren*s  day,  for 
young.  We  leave  to  its  friends  to  being  now,  once  for  all,  translated  into 
choose  between  them.  The  first  is  the  legislative  enactment,  as  the  settled  and 
well'kuowfl  couplet —  challenged  policy  of  the  country. — The 

truth  requires  as,  however,  somewhat 
"Thecnpoflifeiusttoilslipsilpressed,    to  qnalily  ihis  point.     We  cannot  sajr 
Found  the  taste  bitter,  and   declined    "'■*  "'w  decision  has  gone  very  dis- 
Ihe  re«t."  tinctively  or  specially  to  the  point  of 

the  Specie  Policy  of  the  Independent 
The  other  recommends  itself  by  a  Treasury  law.  We  wish  that  wa  could 
Mill  more  pathetic  and  tender  beauty,  so  claim  that  it  had.  Bat  that  is  a  qne» 
SB  decidedly  to  secure  the  preference  tion  which  has  been  of  late  little  ad- 
of  onr  recommendalion  for  the  occa-  Terted  to,  the  public  mind  being  siok  of 
■ion —  currency  discussion,  and  absorbed  with 

other  topics  of  more  exciting  pressnt 
<■  Since  I  was  so  early  done  for,  interest.       The    general   presumption 

I  wonder  what  I  was  beguD  for  T"         tends  in  favor  of  the  Specie  Policy,  but 
it  is  a  matter  which — we  must  fain 
4.    In   regard   to    the    Independent    concede — lies  fairly  open  to  argnment. 
Treasury  policy,  there  is  a  most  one-    if  anybody  shall  feel  any  particular  in- 
qoivocal  decision  io  favor  of  its  sub-    terest  to  oi^ose  that  featnre  of  die 
stantial  restoration.    Thia  is  implied  in    measDte  in  qBestion.  /-'  I 

U.g,t,zcd=yL.OOglC 


iM                     The  Qintral  Jmie  and  the  Particular  Isiutt.                   [Dto. 

5.  In  general  terms  ne  ma;  %a.j  u  before  laid,  ihe  qoeelion  now  )ie« 
that  the  people  have  pronounced  strong-  widely  open,  to  be  eeltled  by  the  lotea 
\y  fot  economy  in  the  public  expencii-  of  Ibe  legislative  RepreBentatiTes  of 
ture — for  slriclneBa  of  conBlitulianal  the  People,  ea.ch  voting  according  to 
eonalTuction,  in  all  eases  that  may  his  understanding  of  the  issue  aa  made 
wise — and  againsi  the  incurring  of  up  in  his  district,  and  tu  his  couvictioa 
public  debt.    Theee  professions,  tliaugh  of    the   true  interest  and   vill   of  hia 

Cerally  common  to  all  parties,  have  own  constituency.     And  Mr.  Polk  will 

n  BO  strongly  put  forward  by  the  have  loyally  and  honerably  discharged 

Democ ratio  party,  in  contrast  with  the  hia  duty  in  the  matter,  wbeti  he  has 

general   spirit    of   Whig    theory   and  signed  any  bill  thai  may  be  sent  to  him 

Whig  practice,  whenever  they  can  get  which  ahall  avoid  the  eztremesor  either 

a  chance  at    the    direclioa   of  publio  aide  of  the  queslioa. 

expenditure,  that  we  are  in  a  peculiar  6.  In  regard   to  the  AnneiatioD  of 

degree  committed   (o  these  promises,  Texas,    the  people  are,  in  a  getiersl 

uid  muet  see  well  to  it  that  we  prove  sense,  declared  in  fitvor  of  that  policy ; 

no  worse  than  our  word.  though,  as  we  must  agun  in  truth  coa- 

6.  The  Tariff  and  Annexation  fess,  in  a  general  aerue  only.  Tha 
questions  alone  remain  to  be  specially  whole  broad  ground  is  lel^  open,  of  tbe 
noticed.  In  regard  to  the  former,  we  modeand  conditinna  of  the  "  immediate 
aresorrytobe  compelled  to  say  that  (bis  annexation."  The  evidences  of  the  pub- 
election  has  left  it  a  pretty  widely  open  lie  sentiment  have  certainly  been  ad- 
question.  Thiapoint,atleast,udecided,  verse,  strongly  adverse,  to  Mr.  Tyler's 
that  the  present  Titiffshall  be  reduced;  Treaty.  Tbe  Senators  who.  voted 
that  it  shall  be  based  on  tbe  revenue  against  it  have  been  fully  sastained  sod 
principle,  as  its  real,  bond  fide,  and  pri-  justified  in  that  act.  The  great  ma- 
mary  object;  and  that  its  necessary  pro-  jority  of  the  Northern  press  have  ex- 
tective  operation  shall  be  more  fairly  pressly  declined  to  argue  the  question 
dialributed  over  the  other  large  na-  on  the  basis  of  tbe  Treaty,  even  in  the 
tional  interests,  instead  of  being  in-  cases  where  they  have  not  in  terms  ap- 
ordinately  heaped  upon  one,  to  the  proved  the  rejection  of  the  Treaty, 
■evere  oppression  and  wrong  of  the  Mr.  Wright  may  be  regarded  as  the 
test.  But  it  cannot  be  said  with  truth  true  exponent  of  the  Northern  Demo- 
— would  that  it  might ! — that  the  de-  cratic  sentiment  on  Ibis  subject.  Hia 
oision  has  gone  to  the  principle  of  Watertown  speech  was  copied  into 
FrotacUon,  and  has  pronounced  in  fa-  very  nearly  every  Demoeratic  paper  in 
TOT  of  that  Freedom  of  Trade  which  the  State  of  New  York,  and  moat  of 
has  always  been  advocated  in  this  Re-  those  in  Pennsylvania  and  New  Eng- 
riew.  The  repeal  of  the  excesses  land.  He  there  took  the  ground  cor- 
sjtd  inequaliliea  of  the  present  Tariff,  responding  to  his  votes  in  the  Senate, 
-with  a  liberal  measure  of  incidental  namely,  of  favor  lo  the  Annexatioa  of 
discriminating  protection,  in  distribnt-  Texas,  at  tbe  earliest  moment  in  which 
ing  the  duties  of  an  honest  revenue  it  can  be  effected  iu  a  manner  coosis- 
Tariff— 'this  is  the  extent  to  which  atone  tent  with  the  honor,  peace,  and  aacer- 
we  can  claim  the  benefit  of  this  decision,  tained  public  sentiment  of  tbe  country. 
The  qaeation  has  not  indeed  been  This  is  the  "  immediate  annexation" 
placed  on  as  strong  ground, — or  neatly  for  which  the  popular  decision  may  be 
as  strong, — aa  it  was  in  Mr.  Van  Bu-  said  to  have  been  expressed.  Such  is 
ten's  Indiana  Letter,  severely  aa  that  thatwhich  the  North  has  understood  •• 
was  attacked  by  a  portion  of  the  Free  intended  in  Mr.  Pollc's  use  of  the  ex- 
Trade  apioion  of  the  country.  Mr.  pression,  in  his  letter  written  htfort 
Van  Buren  took  ground  specifically  the  promalgation  of  theTrestj  and  tbe 
ftr  a  letnra  to  tbe  Compromise  Act,  Treaty  Negotiation.  At  beat,  the 
with  no  other  diacriminations  than  Northern  Democracy  have  shown  that 
anch  as  might  range  below  a  maximam  they  care  but  little  foe  it.  They  have 
of  SO  per  cent.,  or,  for  the  present,  tolerated,  rather  than  earnestly  desired 
in  the  actual  reduced  condition  of  it ;  and  while  with  others  the  nxi  is  tha 
the  Treasury,  a&  per  cent.  But  no  primary  object,  and  the  nteant  Md 
aoah  issue  was  made  op  at  the  manner  but  eecondary,  with  the  Demo- 
North,  especially  in  the  great  Stales  cracy  of  the  North  the  reverae  of  this 
of  Fenneylvsnia  and  New  York;  and,  ia  tho  case.    They  will  be  fonad  to  get 


oogic 


1S44.]  CiiUrm't  Boot*.  6» 

TOTj  iftdependeDtl^  an  the  qnestioo.  Bat  this  is  jet  by  no  meus  andentood  . 

Each  repT«BenlatiTe  will  (ee\  himself  and  felt  by  ibe  people  at  large ;  still 

entirely  free  to  conaalt  his  owd  con-  less  has  it  been  «>>  expressed  by  the 

aoience,  judgment,  sod  bis  opinion  of  lace   election,   so   iar   as   regards   tbe 

the  will  of  his  local  constitaenoy ;  and  North ;  nor  ace  the  people  by  any  means 

ha  will  be  found  lo  stand  pretty  sternly  prepared  to  accompany  Mr.  Tyler  into 

to  his  conditions  of  Aooesalion.     The  any  such  violent  or  hasty  measurea  to 

mors  nrgenl  friends  of  tbe  measare  will  effect  the  Annexation,  as  he  hasgiien 

theisfore  have  to  shape  it  with  some  Tarions  indications  of  his  own  readinesa 

care,  to  carry  the  Northern  vote.     We  to  rush  into.    The  whole  qaeation  must 

girethem  this  notice,  haTingourseWes,  iro  over  lo   the  administration  of  Mr. 

M  sevflial  former  articles  in  this  Re-  Polk,  in  whose  large  and  wise  discre- 

Tiew  have  proved,  a  very  decided  place  lion,   animated   by  a  strong  deaire  to 

in  that  class.   We  are  clear  in  the  view  effect  the  object,  while  tempered  by  » 

that  Mexico  haa  no  right  over  Texas,  sensitive  regard  to  the  honor  of  tho 

and  that  her  consent  is  no  more  necea-  country,  and   a  just   deference   to  the 

■ary  to  afford  na  a  moral  and  legal  jus-  public  sentiment  of  all  the  sections  of 

tificBiion  of  the  loeaaure  than  that  of  the  Union,  the  people  are  well  content 

Texas  woold  be  in  regard  to  Mexioo.  to  leave  it. 


CHILDREN'S  BOOKS. 

A  LATi  namber  of  tbe  Quarterly  Re-  tores,  of  all  olhera,  the  oearaat  to  the 

view  contained  a  very  sensible  arlicle  angels. 

nponthismoat  important  class  of  works,       With  no  children  of  oar  own,  save 

which  furnishes  the  exciting  eau$e,  as  those  of  the  brain  (a  froitfal  and  ohe- 

the  facnity  might  term  it,  of  the  present  riahed  progeny,  onr  best  thoughts  and 

article.    For  we  had  long  since  medi-  pnrest  fancies],  we  feci  towards  all 

tatedaseriesof  reflections,  in  thesame  sweet,  good  children,  as  if  they  wen 

vein  and  on  the  same  theme,  in  many  oar  own.     We  frankly  confess  we  have 

of  which  we  have  been  unfortunately  no  love  for  most  infants ;  we  entertain 

anticipated  by  the  Englieh  critic.     Yet  small  regard,  nay,  we  utterly  dislike, 

as  we  differ  somewhat  from  him,  in  his  spoiled  brats,  pert  yoongstere,  ill-man- 

selection  of  books,  it  is  one  of  onr  hob-  nered  boys,  boydeniah  giria,  blant  little 

hies  to  plan  courses  of  reading,  no  lees  wretches,  siucy  minxes;  but  even  the 

for  children  than  for  students  and  fair  plainest  child,  if  amiable  and  intelligent, 

■cbolars  :  and  as  we  tbink  that  the  pa-  takea   onr   heart   at   once  ;  though  to 

per,  excellent   in   itself,  may   atill  be  complete   the   attraction,   we    require 

Te-written  in  a  more  abridged  and  enc-  beauty  superadded  to  grace  and  intelli- 

einet  form,  including  strictures  of  our  gence,  and  taking  the  affeotioDs  captive 

own  that  did  not  happen  to  occur  to  the  through  the  force  of  goodness  and  pn- 

Quarterly  reviewer,  we  have  attempted  rity.    Armed  with  these  eelesiial  wea- 

the  task.  pons,  the  child  is  more  than  a  match 

It  is  always  mortifying  to  find  a  for  the  strong-minded  man,  of  iron  will 

subject  taken  out  of  one's  bands  by  a  yet  of  bad  heart  and  impure  imagina- 

GODtemporar^  writer ;  and  all  the  more  tion. 

■o,  if  he  be  in  the  fitst  rank,  and  if  his        What  is  more  loreable  than  a  darlinB 

hnmMe,  nnconscions  rival  has  set  his  little  girl ;  with  her  mind,  fresh  and 

heart  upon  saeeees,in  the  same  line  or  open  to  all  impulses  of  sonl  and  sense; 

upon  tbe  same  aabjeot.     Even  antiiors  utd  her  heart  confiding  and  warm  with- 

or  acknowledged  genius,  tike  Irving  the  holiest  feelings  1    In  such  hearts 

and   Hawthorne,  uve  confessed  that  reside  mild  religion  and  heavenly  love. 

Mr.  Dickens  has  employed  conceptions  Though  they  cannot  define  faith,  they 

and  drawn  oat  pictures  that  occurred  can  feel  it — the  better  thing  of  the  two, 

to  both  of  them,  long  before  the  work  according  to  one  of  the  moet  sainted  of 

appeared   in   which    they   formed    its  men,  Thomas  k  Kempis.      The  only 

moat  strikhig  episodes.     But  we  have  pare  love,  too,  Is  theirs ;  a  mixture  of 

a  stronger  reason  still  for  writing  npon  gratitade,  confiding  assurance,  and  the 

this  topio ;  heartily,  moat  aflectioaately  yearnings  of  nature  after  sometbiag  to 

do  we  love  children,  the  human  crea-  cling  to  and  unite  with.     Tbe  moot 


Google 


Mhere^  uid  PIktonie  Iuts  of  t1i«  sesea  Btrongeat  defect  of  it,  w^m  mffect  to 
eontsjns  BOmelbing  of  a  Moanil  cbarko-  spesk  of  children's  books  as  eweoUBlIj 
tet  in  ihe  very  best.  Man  and  woman  triBiog.  They  mistake  juvtniU  books 
love  each  othei  as  each  :  there  is  a  sex  for  piMrile  works  :  &□  egregious  Uon- 
in  their  feelings  and  impulaes.  But  der.  RobinBon  Crusoe  is  a  juTeoils, 
innocent  children  know  do  sneh  dis-  in  the  language  uflhetr^de  ;  bo  isPeter 
tiiMstion.  The;  love  your  heart,  and  Wilkins,  BoiaGulliTer;  yet  are  theyso 
tiiey  lore  with  their  hearts;  andchiefly  faifrompuerile,  thaitoappreciaieibeiii 
for  the  eake  of  the  seolimental  enjoy-  fully,  the  fresh  heart  of  childhood  la- 
ment. They  may  tay  (or  ii  may  be  quires  «Jbo  the  wise  maacoline  uuder- 
aaid),  that  they  love  those  who  giie  standing.  The  best  child's  books  fonn 
them  toys,  or  amusB  them  iu  any  way  ;  notoriously  the  {deasant  reading  of  all 
bat  it  must  be  a  mereeaary  spirit  Ibat  ages. 

lovea  only  for  those  reaaone.    They       Ftom    the  reaaOQ  of   this  strange 

lore  their  benefactors  ;  taking  the  gitt  miacooceplion,  has  arisen  the   idea  of 

merely  as  a  symbol  of  the  feeling  it  the  esae  with  which  such  books  eonM 

represents,  and  not  for  its  eeaential  be  composed,  and  the  (act  that  the  ma- 

TiUue.  jority  of  the  present  rsceof  wtiiers  foe 

For  my  own  part,  I  cannot  conceive  children  have  done  all  they  oould  to 
in  heaven  itself  a  species  of  love  (ihe  stohify,  enfeeble,  and  almost  debase, 
very  atmosphere  of  that  region),  more  the  iotelleot  and  sentiment  of  the 
delightful  and  pleasing  to  (be  Almighty  contemporary  generation  of  children, 
than  that  of  a  delicate,  charming  young  They  seem  to  think  a  child's  book  can- 
girl,  full  of  sensibility  and  intelligence,  not  be  too  childish  ;  filling  the  blank 
for  her  father.  A  purer  feeling  cannot  pages  with  aa  empty  prattle  and  ina^tid 
«iisl :  not  even  the  stoic  fortitude  of  nothingness.  Like  the  imilatorsof  and 
the  Christian  martyr,  nor  the  undaunt-  cavillers  at  Wordsworlb,  they  mlBtake 
•d  heroism  of  the  stern  patriot.  I  folly  for  simplicity,  and  substitute  ina- 
-wonld  write,  then,  these  pages,  if  only  nity  for  innocence.  They  write  alone 
for  the  eyes  of  one  dear  cbild-angel ;  to  to  the  stupid  ;  a  fault  almost  as  culpabia 
draw  in  whose  mini  a  lively  picture  of  as  writing  over  the  beads  of  the  major- 
Ihetrneideal  woman, byreading.study,  ity,  to  reach  the  level  of  the  brilliaot 
feeling,  fancy,  travel,  and  discourse,  and  gifled.  The  cardinal  rule  shcold 
would  gratify  me  more  than  to  write  be,  to  write  to  the  middling  order  of 
like  Macanla^,  or  to  have  my  name  minds,  the  sensible  and  good-oalured  ; 
Msoeiated  with  that  of  my  favorite  those  who  have  right  feelings  and  na- 
Uazlitt!  tural  impttlsea. 

Books  for  children,  by  which  I  mean        We  say  children's  books  are,  of  all 

young  human  creatures  from  five  lo  kinds,  the  most  popular— more  eopiea 

Sfleen — (some    learn    lo    read    much  are  sold,  even  of  the  most  indifferent 

sooner  ;  but  it  appeara  to  me  that  judi-  productions  of  this  class,  than  of  anf 

ciofis  toys,'  the  right  kind  of  conver-  other   class   of   books,   except   ssbool 

salioo,  aod  striking  sights,  are  the  best  hooka  and   religious   works.      Hence, 

books    for   children  under   five) — like  there  has  been  iu  this  department  of 

books  for  youth  or  mature  adolescence,  literature  a  great  deal  of  mere  roaou- 

ftre  either  for  profit  [lileially  ipeaking,  factoring.       Book-making     has    been 

in  Baconian  language),  or  for  delight ;  moat  profitable,  almost  as  much  so  as 

and   the    best    worka   unite   the    two  editing  claatica,  from  which  aource  of 

qoalities.  profit,  many   a  dull  pedant  has  reaped 

Yet  for  the  sake  of  analysis,  and  to  more  sobstantial  saius  than  the  origin- 

preaerve  something  like  method  in  this  al   author  himself.     From  Goldsmith 

nmbling  essay,  we  wilt   consider  all  dawn  to  Hawthorne  (we  take  pleasDre 

books  for  children  under  the  two  geoe-  in  writing  these  names  in  the  same  sen- 

ral  divisions  of — 1.  Books  of  instcuc-  tenoe)  talesforchildren,  whenexecuted 

tion;  and  2d,  Books  of  entertainment,  as  they,  and  Tieek  and  Grimm,  and  a 

And  we  will  comroenoe  with  the  last,  tew  others,  have  composed  them,  have 

There  is  a  very  large  class  of  censori-  afforded   the   most  agreeable   kind  of 

ous  criiios,  who  plume  themselves  on  reading  to  all  classes,  ageb,  professioits. 

tbeir  good  sense,  and  here  evince  the  and  tempers.    No  man  or  woman,  and 


■  Tide  aa  aInltwMe  article  mt  Toys,  in  the  Quarterly,  a  year  or  two  aii 


'■Google 


I8M.]   .  C^irtn't  Bookt.  U7 

«erUiti1j[  no  ohild,  with  b  para  bofttt,  a  then,  our  £  rat  books  ue  an  important  in 

heathy  imagination,  and  a  lefined  mo-  their  effect  for  good  or  for   eril,  w0 

nl  aenfte,  could  or  can,  help  laving  a  think  too  diligent  a  regard  cannot  bs 

Sod  fairy  tale  or  romantic  legend.  manifestEd  for  a  detic;ile  choice  in  the 
an  of  geniua  and  practical  wiiteis,  Belectioa  of  Toluioes  that  ahoutd  cam- 
alone,  then,  ciin  write  proper  books  for  pose  the  child's  library.  But  before 
children,  whitfi  may  also  enlighten  and  proceeding  to  draw  up  our  list,  of  ne- 
chann  their  mothers  and  grandfathers,  cessity  brief  and  imperfect,  we  will  oo- 
The  best  audience  for  the  finest  Poet,  tice  a  few  of  the  prevailing  defects  in 
would  be  the  spirits  of  blessed  children ;  most  of  the  works  written  for  chiidreiij 
and  the  true  writer  of  genius,  ia  the  at  the  present  day. 
only  fit  author  to  write  for  a  circle  of  Moat  lale-writers  are  altogether  too 
liuie  boys  and  girls.  didactic  :  so  eager  to  impress  truthsand 
Did  wa  reflect  hut  for  a  raonient,  it  facts,  that  they  cannot  avoid  direct 
would  appear  sufficiently  reasonable  teaching,  by  which  they  lose  all  the  ad- 
thatnone  botlheieiy  best mindsshould  Tantages  they  expect  to  gain,  sinca  a 
be  employed  on  works  of  this  sort,  tale  is  not  a  lecture.  If  it  teaches,  as 
since  the  effects  of  juvenile  reading  and  it  certainly  ought,  it  should  do  so  incU 
first  studies  leave  an  inde'iUe  impres-  dentally.  It  should  certainly  be  ooa- 
«ion  on  the  character.  Some  of  the  oeived  io  a  healthy  spirit,  should  leave 
greatest  men  have  confessed  in  after  a  good  impression  and  imprint  a  right 
life,  theelfectupon  theiryouthfulminds,  principle.  Yet  it  should  not  make  it* 
of  books  read  in  the  early  season  of  advances  too  palpably,  so  as  to  frighten 
life,  when  the  perceptions  arc  quickest  the  child  into  the  belief  of  its  learning  a 
and  the  heart  ia  .'resh  and  joyful,  task,  insiead  of  unconsciously  imbibing 
Franklin  thought  the  whole  course  pure  truth,  "  in  fairy  Action  dressed. 
of  his  career  had  been  influenced  by  his  The  writer  should  address  the  heart 
peruaal  of  Defoe's  Essay  on  Projects,  and  the  imagination,  leaving  the  reason 
during  his  boyhood.  The  child  Cuw-  to  work  out  her  convictions  on  the  ba- 
ley  devoured  Spenser  at  an  age  when  sis  of  their  pleasing  illusions,  as  a  cynic 
the  music  of  the  stanta  alone  attracted  might  term  the  most  real  of  all  Ibia^ 
him.  Byron's  boyish  readings  of  folios  Children  learn  by  loving^  they  are  in- 
of  Turkish  History  gave  a  strong  ori-  formed  when  they  are  interested :  they 
ental  bias  to  his  poetical  genius.  And  delight  to  be  taught  what  eoteTlains 
tt  hundred  similar  instances  might  be  ^eir  fancy  and  captivates  their  atteu- 
readily  enumerated,  if  the  point  were  tion  in  the  teaching.  You  must  acquire 
not  sufficiently  clear.  Childish  asso-  a  hold  on  their  aifections,  when  you 
ciations  tend  much  toward  coloring  the  may  wholly  command  their  devotina. 
maturer  temper.  Pleasant  fiiinily  con-  "  Here  the  heart  may  give  an  useful  les- 
nexioQs  sweeten  the  mind,  as  it  were,  son  to  the  head  ;"  the  child  and  tha 
for  life  :  whereas,  an  unhappy  child-  sage  meet  on  an  equal  footing.  But 
hood  will  leave  a  gloom  and  distrust  in  we  hare  expressed  this  all  so  muchbet- 
the  disposition  that  can  be  scarcely  lei  formerly  than  we  can  now,  that  wa 
fliadicated.  The  companions  of  onr  will  not  repeat  it — the  reader  may  find 
infancy  and  youth ;  the  sports  in  which  the  best  thoaghls  we  can  iiffer  on  this 
we  joined  with  them  ;  the  placeaofnur  head,  in  an  article  on  Philip  Quarll  in 
birth  and  the  scenes  where  the  most  the  November  nnnDber  of  the  Boston 
unportant  early  episodes  of  our  lires  Miscellany  for  the  year  1942. 
occurred ;  all  engrave  themselves  on  the  Thsreani  two  ethical  questions  to  be 
memory  and  character.  With  no  less  considered  in  books  of  entertainment 
force  do  we  rememherorare  we  affect-  for  children,  and  indeed  for  readers  of 
ed  by  OUT  firat  readings.  It  may  serve  all  ages.  Should  the  wnrk  be  based, 
to  change  a  man's  whole  course  of  life,  or  composed, on  moral  grounds,  i.  a.  aa 
whether  he  read  Cook's  voyages,  or  the  directly  teaching  any  peculiar  system 
Life  of  Colonel  Jack,  when  a  boy.  of  morality  or  religion  !  And  should 
Assuredly,  whatever  he  read,  became  a  each  work  have  a  palpable  moral  aim  t 
part  of  himself,  and  might  form  either  We  do  not  speak  of  the  tendency  of 
the  intelligent  navigator  or  the  reckless  such  works ;  that,  it  is  fairly  implied, 
adventurer.  The  reading  of  books  of  ought  to  be  good  invariably.  But  on 
piralica.!  adventures,  has  made  villains  this  very  point,  is  il  necessary,  is  it  ex- 
out  of  otherwise  tame  duUarda.    Since,    pedieni,  ia  il  right,  that  morality  ahouU^--. 


•Google 


B»  Children'*  Sooit.  [Dee-. 

be  palpablj  Btampedt  We  trow  not.  prematnrely  of  merely  worldly  knnw' 
We  think  by  such  means  the  nuartl  ledge,  by  which,  in  this  pstiicular  con- 
piety  of  the  child'e  heart  becomea  dis'  neetion,  we  mean  to  imply,  a  know- 
gnated  with  the  conTentiDnal  morality  ledge  of  evil  rather  Iban  of  good- 
of  the  world  :  alTd  may  for  a  lirae  ilself  With  many,  a  knowledge  of  the  world 
become  obscured.  The  beat  people  impliea  an  acquaintance  wilb  trick  and 
neither  need  nor  desire  to  be  continu-  craft,  with  vice  and  Bin,  But,  ihourrb, 
ally  doaed  wiih  panaceas  of  ethical  dii-  to  diacriminate  properly  good  and  evil, 
qaisitions  or  tirades  upon  religion,  in  not  only  in  the  abatraet,  bat  mote  e»- 
however  email  quantiiiea.  There  ia  a  pecially  in  practical  life,  require*  a 
place  for  eTerything ;  and  eapecially  knowledge  of  oppoaitea,  in  the  laaD, 
for  grave  atid  terious  concerns.  But  yet  it  is  norse  than  useless  in  the 
the  proper  place  ia  not  in  an  episode  child,  to  be  taught  to  go  out  of  hia 
of  a  tale  or  the  preface  to  a  novel.  As  way,  gratuilooaly,  to  ieam  evil.  Soon 
to  a  moral  purpose,  explicitly  aet  forth,  enoDgti  cornea  a  ktiowfedge  and  that 
it  ia  a  point  of  very  doubtful  otility.  science,  of  which  it  has  been  said,  "tb« 
Coleridge,  that  moat  spiritual  of  Poets  children  of  this  world  are  wiser  in 
and  pnrest  of  men,  thought  a  poem  their  generation,  ^an  the  childroD  of 
ought  to  be  aimless,  jost  in  the  same  light,"  but  after  all,  much  of  thia 
Tfew  andfor  the  precisereasonthat  the  boasted  worldly  shrewdness  ia  wortb 
fiuest  female  character  was  character-  little  enough,  it  serves  as  a  defensiva 
JesB.  It  would  require  adistinct  essay  weapon  to  withstand  the  artifices  of 
to  follow  out  the  ramificationa  of  this  cunning,  and  the  imposlurcs  of  wicked 
principle,  but  the  intelligent  reader  men.  It  ia  a  shield  in  the  Battle  of 
will  appreciate  its  truth.  Honeat,  libe-  Life.  But  it  has  negative  properuea 
ral-miitded  Mrs.  Barbauld  taxed  him  only:  it  does  not  advance  the  learner  a 
for  the  want  of  a  moral  aim  in  his  An-  step  in  the  search  al^er  truth.  It  af- 
cient  Mariner,  which  very  deficiency  he  furda  little  aid  to  the  poor  wanderer  in 
Gooaidered  a  merit.  And  in  a  liiMral  the  wilds  of  error  lost.  Children,  of 
senee,  it  is  such,  though  it  ia  given  to  all  crealures,  need  it  least,  as  iliey  are 
few  to  see  why — a  true  moral  it  had,  under  protection,  can  obtain  advice, 
bat  not  an  avowed  moral  end.  To  de-  aod  appeal  to  superior  atrength,  aa 
light  was  its  original  duty,  but  nothing  well  as  superior  wisdom. 
delights  the  pure  except  purity  itaelf :  Thus  much  for  the  more  striking 
bence,  it  incntcated  a  valuable  lesson,  faults  of  the  majority  of  the  new 
without  seeming  to  teaoh  at  all.     The    child'a '^ooks  ;  we  must,  to  obtain   the 

Kpular  feeling  is  with  Mrs.  Barbauld.  best  mental  food  for  children,  go  back 
ir  the  common  feeling,  sa  for  the  to  the  hooka  and  amhors  of  the  laat 
common  eenae  of  mankind,  in  ordinary  century,  and  even  earlier.  Very  few 
matters,  we  entertain  a  sincere  respect,  of  the  living  writers  in  this  department 
Experience,  aooner  or  later,  confirms  are  to  be  found  really  worthy  of  pe- 
tbe  leacbing  of  past  generationa:  from    rnsal. 

the  past  we  ma;  in  general  aafely  pre-  The  list  of  books  by  the  Qnarterly 
diet  the  future.  Yet  on  this  point  we  Reviewer,  ia  mnch  fuller  than  oara,  bat 
believe  Coleridge  was  correct.  Haalitt  we  do  not  think  so  select.  It  contaioa 
•omewhere  most  ably  advocates  the  more  titles,  but  we  think  some  of  them 
same  side  of  the  question  ;  and  we  are  by  no  means  deserve  the  place  aaaigned 
parfecily  willing  to  yield  onr  private  them,  in  such  close  jaxuposition  with 
jadgment  in  any  matter  where  the  finest  the  really  admirable  standard  works, 
poet  and  the  acQtest  critic  agree,  heart-  Many  of  the  new  books  are  of  a  cba- 
il^  and  with  fair  ^ow  of  reason.  Thia  racter  we  would  denominate  nncertaio, 
diaagreeable  moral  pedantry  spoils  t.  «.,  falling  loo  mnch  under  the  strio- 
■ome  delightful  books;  even  that  ex-  tore  we  hav?  indulged  in  above  :  being 
eeUent  book,  Sandford  and  Merton,  is  rather  didactic,  dry,  sopbiatieal,  and, 
a  little  open  to  this  objection ;  while,  to  speak  the  truth  at  once,  tiresome, 
wi^out  exeeptioo,  the  whole  herd  of  Our  catalogue  is  a  choice  one.thoti^ 
religions  noTelisis  and  moral  lale.writ-  by  no  means  so  full  aa  a  complete  list 
ers  of  the  present  day  incur  the  same  ought  to  be  ;  yet,  auch  as  it  it,  we  ^e- 
eensure,  ignorantly  and  repeatedly.  sent  it  to  the  reader. 

Another  prominent    fault    in  some       The  most  juvenile  narsery  rhymes 
book*  of  thia  elaas,  is,  the  iaatilling    and  naiaet;  romances  do  not "- 


^lOOglc 


1844.]  CAUdrm't  Bookt.  Oa 

altar,  bui  invariably  the  oldest  U  the  miniature  roinancea,  it  ia  uii),  will  not 
best.  We  commenca  with  books,  alluw  a  child's  book  to  enter  his  house. 
somewhat  beyond  Ihem.— Of  tales  for  Iietand  ia  well  illustrated  by  the  re- 
liltle  boys  and  girls,  of  amoral  caste,  searches  of  Croiter  and  Laver.  And 
there  is  that  incoinparabls  book  of  mo-  Scoll  has  done  all  for  Scotland.  Tha 
lal  stories,  The  iMoiiTig  Glast.  Of  French  hate  some  very  pleaEant  writ- 
almost  equal  iiiierest  and  still  greater  era  or  this  kind,  Count  Hamiiton  and 
Talae,  are  the  FabUt  of  JEiop.  And  PtrrauU.  Ftnelon  has  written  a  tals 
here  we  must  slap,  to  say  a  word  of  or  two,  worthy  of  the  author  of  Tele- 
^les.  We  hope  to  devote  a  paper  machus.  Goldtmilk  wrote  something- 
hereafter  to  this  delightful  species  of  in  thie  way.  Fairy  Poelry  is  a  sub- 
Itteraluie,  but  we  have  room  now  only  ject  worthy  of  Hunt,  who  has  written 
for  a  sentence.  Of  all  kinds  of  read-  about  fairies  in  his  London  Journal^ 
ing,  thay  furnish  the  greatest  amount  and  who  is  said  to  haie  made  a  collec" 
of  wisdom  and  fancy,  in  the  smallest  lion  of  fairy  tains,  that  we  have  not 
eompass.  While  they  entertain,  they  seen.  From  Drayton's  Nymphidia  t* 
are  all  the  while  teaching,  and  in  a  Draie't  Culprit  Fay,  a  brL^ianl  gar- 
pointed  manner,  that  impresses  a  pria-  land  of  fairy  poesy  might  be  easily 
oiple  roore  forcibly  than  could  he  at-  compiled,  that  should  include  Spenier, 
tuned  in  any  other  way.  Tha  story,  Midtttmmer's  Nighl't  Dream.  Bishop 
how«Ter,  is  more  instructive  than  the  Corbet's  Addrest,  tha  fine  lAnes  in 
moral  or  the  end,  which  children  gene-  ^Uton,  &c.,  Sic 

nlljr  skip  i  which  fact,  in  itself,  seems        Allegory    is   a  delightful   fignre  fot 

to  na  to  furnish  a  pretty  good  argument  children,  who   take   all   the   figoratiTa 

against   the  propriety   of  setting  up  a  expressions    and     names   for   gospel, 

palpable     moral     aim.      Along     with  For  this,   as   for   all   good   literature, 

JBsop    should   be   read    Piipay,     the  the  Holy  Scriptures  afford  the  noblest 

father,  as  is  generally  supposed,  of  the  apeeimens.      Bui   as   we   are   merely 

European  Fabulists.     There  is  a  good  writing  of  secular  works,  we  must  eon- 

Bnf^liah   version   of  the  classic  saga,  fine  ourselves  to  them.     The  first  and 

Amonn  the  Latin  poets,  boys  ouehi  to  last  book  for  childhood,  and  for  age,  is 

read  Phadrai,   who   versiiied   ^sop.  the  Bible,  but  it  is  too  sacred  a  volume 

In   French,  there  is   the  elegant   and  to  place   beside   many   quite  light  pro- 

frracefu!  La/onlaine,  and  6ay,  in  Eng-  duclions  we  shsll  enumerate  under  the 

ish,  whose   line   versions  of  the  Latin  same  head,  so   that,  once   for   all.  we 

and  French   fabulists  ought  to  be  read  must  declare  that  we  consider  it  fairly 

by  children,  boys,  young  girls,  students,  implied  that  if  we   do  not  once  again 

men  and  womco.     Good  fables,  next  to  refer  to  the  volume  of   inspired  truth 

the   New  Testunenl,  from   which,  in-  and   law,  it   is   because  considering  it 

deed,  the  best  doctrines  in  all  of  them  the  basis  of  everything  good,  we  do  not 

Inust  be    necessarily     derived,    teach  regard  it  necessary  to  allude  perpetu- 

better   ethics   than  any  of  the  regular  ally  to   the   fact,  no   more  than  while 

arstems  and  formal  treatises  of  morals,  erecting   a  high   tower,  the  architect 

They  teach  principles,  of  all  things  the  should  be  continually   pointing  to  the 

noat  difficult   to  impreas,  and  embody  foundation  and  the  corner-stone.     PU- 

tbera  iu  a  clear,  lively   and  attractive  grim'i  Pregresi  is  the  first  of  books  in 

manoer.  this  department;  then   come  tha   beat 

Fairy  Tales  and  National  Legends,  papers  of  the  same  kind,  in  the  Spacta- 

— The  book,  containing  the  originals  of  tor,  and  by  Dr.  Johnton.     Then  Ras- 

the  oldest  stories,  many  of  which  may  selas,  that  saddeat  of  sermons  knd  riah 

be   traced   for  centuries,   ihrooch  the  orientalpicture. — Voyages Imaginairttf 

TariouB  races  and  dialects  of  Europe  as  the  French  call  those  mixed  pro- 

and   the   East,   is,   Grimm'a    Popular  dncliona  of  force  and  fancy,  as  Robin- 

Stories,    admirably     illustrated    in    a  ion   Crusoe,  and    Philip   Quarll,   and 

translation   of  a   few   of  the  best  by  Pettr  WiiiiTts.     Gullmer  may  be  read 

Cruikshaak.      The  Germans   are  ex-  now,  merely  for  the  slory,  but  after- 

eeedingly   rich   in   works  of  the  kmd  j  wards  for  the  cutting  satire,  and  is  be- 

two   writers,  in   particular,  they   may  yond  praise.     To   say   nothing  of  tha 

boast   of  as  belonging  to  it — Musaus  excellence   of  the   sentiment,  and   the 

and  the  charming  Tied,  who  strsTigely  tiaiural  style  of  these  master-pieces ; 

enoughfor  the  aothoi  of  such  beautiful  the  healthy  appeiils  they  excite  fot^--  j 


S40                                           ChaJreii't  Booii.  [D«e. 

geography,  for  natural  hjaloiy,  and  for  for  giria  part  fonrfeen,  and  bojs  in  eol- 

loinantic  adventure  of  a  ralional  kind,  lege.     So,  too,  of  the  clasaic  English 

tender  them  admirable,  if  merely  con-  and  French  nOTclista.     But  there  an 

udered   by    tray   cf  prefsee   to   those  some  standard  novels  that  may  berea^ 

■ludies.     They  help,  tuo,  to  form  man-  by  children  not  yet  in  their  leens,  and 

ly,  self-relying  characters,  of  theBe,t«o  in  particular,  the  Vicvrof 

We  have  always  thought  that  next  Wakefield,  and  tha  Man   of  Feeling. 

to   tiavel   and    personal    obserralion,  models  of  Bentiment,  humor,  chai«eter, 

good   books   of   travels   and   voyages  and  style. 

tvere  the  best  geographies.     They  are  Mary  Howitt, Miss  Mirrlititau  (in  bee 

filled  with  facts,  too,  that  just  suit  the  besl  early  tales),  MUs  Sedgvtici,  Mrr, 

age   of  the   learners.     Few   men,  ex.-  Child,  and  inimitable  Nathaniel  Htm- 

cept  a  Burckhirdt,  a  Niebuhr,  or  oneof  tkarne. 

that  rare  class,  care  to  study  geogra-  Poetry. — Wo  do  not  like  children  to 

phy  after  their   schooldays,  or  indeed  lesd    loo     early   Shakspeare    (except 

to  read  books  of  adrenturDus  diseuvery,  Lamb's  capital  prose  abstraelofthe  alorr 

but  almost  all  boys  do   [wc  did,  most  of  each  play);  and  Milton,  and  moat  M 

ardenlM  :  though  we  are  apt  to  think  the  higher  order  of  Poets,  are  beyond  ft 

the  little  coquettes  do  not  care  much  ehitdish   imagination.     The  teens  ate 

about  them.       Ceak,    Anson,    Parry,  early  enough   to  commeoce  the  stndj 

Park,  the  Landen,  Bruce,  Rosa,  Ac.  of  the  finer  features  and  more  majeMio 

The  list  is  almost  interminable.     But  carriage   of  the  Muse.      Easy   moral 

we  have  anticipated  a  little,  in  including  verse,  lively  fables,  old  ballads,  simpl« 

books  properly  of  fact,  under  the  head  songs,  and  hymns,  are  best  adapted  to 

of  books  of  entertainmenti  though  what  little  girls  and  boys.     The  moat  stirring 

books  are  more  delightful  than   some  of  the    Robin   Hood   Ballads,    and  of 

books  of  facta  t     Defoe  has  had  imila-  Percy's  Iteligves :  ballads  of  Wallaet 

tors    among     contemporary    writers :  and  Caplain  Kidd,  PamtlFs  Hermit, 

some    of   whom   have  done  well,   as  Pope's  Ode  to   Solitude  and  Universkl 

Captain   Marryalt,    Dana,    and    Mr.  Prayer,    Gay't   Fables,   John    Gilpin, 

Cooper- — Oriental  Tales,  full  of  fancy,  The  Hose,  and  most  of  Camper's  Diioor 

humor,  pietnres  of  manners,  and   ima-  pieces ;  CampbelVs  finest  pieces  ;  songa                  ' 

pination.      The  Arabian   Pfights,  and  and    ballads,  in    Scott's    Poems ;    the 

inferior  to  them,  (he  Persian  Tales.  choicest  hymns  of  Addison,    Cooper, 

Professedly     Moral    Tales  :     good  Pope,    Yaung,  Heber,   Wotton,    Ken, 

Sunday  reading,  always,  and  some  of  Ac.       Kefale's    Christian    Year,    and 

them    so    entertaining  as   to   be  read  Child'a  Chrisiian   Year,   all   of   ibesa 

not  always  as  tasks.   Edgevsorth's  Mo-  should  be  leahst  hy  heart,  not  only  as 

ral  Tales  and  Popular  Leaanns.  an  eicellent  exercise  for  ihe  memory, 

Hannah  Morn's,  Mrs.  SAeraoad"!  but  fnr  the  moral  lessons  they  ineuicalt, 
Sandfordand  Merlon.  Fortbeyounger  as  an  education  for  the  lasie  in  imagery 
children,  Mrs.  Hvfiandmi  Mrs.  Trim-  and  language,  and  of  the  enr  in  music. 
mer.  For  young  girls  and  boys,  May  Original  Poems,  is  a  very  popular  and 
You  Like  It,  Lights  and  Shadows,  good  collection.  Our  American  Par- 
The  last  book  is  full  of  genius.  The  nassns  has  produced  many  a  beautiful 
first  is  a  pathetic  thing,  if  we  have  not  flower,  that  may  enter  into  a  poetjctl 
greatly  mistaken  it  from  a  very  early  wreath  for  children  ;  our  best  verse  w 
reading.  For  all  ages,  again,  Mary  brief  and  moral,  picturesque  and  nam- 
Lamb's  Mrs.  Leieester's  Seheol.  csl.  If  a  child  has  a  marked  propeo- 
Among  the  French,  AfofTOonM;  he  is  sity  for  poesy,  this,  then,  is  the  biMt 
decried  as  a  mere  weak  sentimenlatist,  eeasou  for  the  long  narrative  rotnanlio 
but  he  has  written  some  pleasing  tales ;  poems  of  (he  Italiane  and  their  Eng- 
and  bis  memoirs  are  very  agreeable  lish  imilators  ;  a  later,  fastidious  ng*  I 
reading.  De  Genlis ,  St.  Pierre,  Cha-  cannot  endure  such  long,  tediooa 
leaubrtand.  Cetlin.  marches   of  metre,   unless  Ihe   j>oeiie 

We   find  it  difficult  to  stop  at  the  gift  aceomp.inieB  the  critical  judgaeat.                    ' 

precisely  proper  point,  in  marking  out  Books  of  Instruction. — Butfirslaword 

the  limits,  within  which  to  circumscribe  or  two  of  teaching,  and  edacation  in 

our  juvenile   readers   of  prose  fiction,  general.     What  other  sources,  beaid* 

Man;  fine  things  in  German  tale  and  hooka,  may  we  resort  lol    What  is  M 

romance  must  be  left  for  older  readers :  be  lansht  t                                        .^^               I 

ih-lvCOOglC 


IBU.]                                       CMUrm'i  Bool*.  Ml 

TheM  aerenl  pointi,  kU  worthy  of  Iftstioaeqniaitionaneeduibedelibenitelj 

the  moat  careful  inquiry,  we  may  only  presBnisd  to  the  stadent ;  acience  hu 

braoh  upon,  aa  they  merit  much  fuller  her  method  and  syHtem.  But  moral  and 

eooside ration.     Strangely  enough,  the  intellectual  training  laats  ua  our  liTea 

•implest  method    of   inatruotion,     the  through;  and  we  live  and  die  learning. 

noBt  ohvioDB  path,  ia  neglected.     We  Expocienced  inslructora  can  teach  us 

•eem   to  delight  in   mailing  long  eir-  how  to  learn  but  the  best  cannot  hope 

cuila,  eren  when   the  road  is  direct —  to   io   much  beside.      Our  parents  in 

we   forget  the  advice   of  the  wiae  old  childhood,  oursclrea  in  mature  life,  ars 

philosophy,  and  will  not  follow  nature,  our  best  tutors.   Experience,  that  wiaesi 

Books  of  pure   entertainment  may  of  professors,  ia  our  aafeBt  guide,  for 

often  teach  more  than  fornutl  textbuuka,  whose  lessons  wa  have  to  paj  dearly, 

of  manners,  of  character,  of  right  sen-  Yet  they  are  invaluable  ;  and  if  she  ia 

timeots,  of  proper  rules  of  action  and  exactin^r,  she  ia  no  lesa  judicious  and 

behavior.     Quite  young  children  learn  reliable. 

a  great  deal  from  certain  toys  (not  scho-  We  have  no  idea  of  drawing  np  it 

Uiticpuiilea,  but  common  playthings),  plan    of  study,   or  making    a  liat    of 

and  tli«  most  ordinary  games.    So,  too,  oranchea    of  school   education.      We 

of  viaiis  to  public  places,  museums,  shall  merely  glance  at  a  few  early  ato- 

gardens,  and  eicuraiona  into  the  couu-  diea  roosi  suitable  to  young  acholara, 

try,  exhibitions  on  holidays,  life  in  the  and  note  the  superficial  errors  of  mo- 

■treets,  the  effect  of  what  is  seen  upon  dern  text-books.     The  highest  study  of 

the   mind   ia  notoriously  more  readily  man,  at  every  period  of  his  life,  should 

perceived  than  what  ia  merely  heard  or  form  the  earliest  object  of  attention,  aa 

read  of:  it  will  remain  with  him  the  latest  cod- 
aolatioa — Religion.  Not  the  specnla- 
live  doctrioi^  theology, but  the  eleroeDla 
of  tbe  porest  morality  with  the  highest 
snd   moat  spiritual  illustrations  of  it  in 

We  are   great  advocates  for  taking  the  Bible  itself.    The  crand  dogmas  of 

children  to  all  sorts  of  places,  except  the  Christian  faith  to  lie  presented  aa 

SDch   as   might   have  a   directly   per-  such;  as  the  mysteries  of  our  being, 

nicious  effect   on   their   moral   sense,  not  to  be  reasoned  about,  unless  simply 

The  mere  walk  or  drive  is  beneficial;  andexpressively,  in  the  way  of  analog, 

the  conversation  of  their  elders  ought  where  that  form  of  reasoning  may  bo 

to  be  worth  something  ;  and  the  novelty  safely   and  readily  employed.     Faith, 

of  the  sight,  of  itself,  helps  to  stamp  a  purity,  obedience — this  trinity  of  vii- 

clear  and   Stm  impression.     Onr  best  tuea,  to  be  cherished   as  the  essential 

education  is,  after  all,  incidental :  we  elements  of  a   noble  character.     The 

learn     much    front    various    sources,  father,  the  priest,  ooght  to  be  perfectly 

which    we    cannot     always    identify,  reliable,  when,  if  good,  wiae,  and  aia< 

From  apparently  trifling  subjects,  snd  cere,   immense    benefits    may   accrue 

occasions,  we  derive  some  of  our  best  from   their   dogmatic   instruction   and 

thoughts  and  most  cherished  principles,  living  example.     Natural  history  is  a 

A  casual  remark  or  light  speech,  made  pursuit  at  once  attractive  and  useful. 

by   a   etiaogsr,  in   our   hearing,   may  The  books  ought  to  be  well  illnstraled 

color  the  current  of  oar   whole   life,  with   numerous   and   good  plates  and 

Chance    pleasantries    often    turn    out  drawings.     Children  ought  to  be  taken 

pretty  serious  malters.and  what  we  are  also,  from  lime  to  time,  to  view  collec- 

apt  ohea  to  consider  the  veriest  trifles,  tions  of  wild  beasts  and  singular  ani- 

may  form  the  insignificant  steps  to  the  male,  living  and  dead  ;   to  menageries, 

most  important   events  of  our    lives,  museums,   &c.     Everything  ought  to 

The  popular  view  considers  education  be  described  to  them  with  the  utmost 

I.  formal,   scientific   matter,  separable  perspicuity   and   exactness,   in  simple 

from  everything  else ;    but   it  is    our  and  intelligible  terms.     It  is  well,  loo, 

whole   life,   and    the  business    of   an  if  the  little  boy  or  girl  can  have  some 

entire    existence,    to     leach    and    to  live  pet  (though  we  bate  pets  for  grown 

learn,   to  study  and  meditate,  to  give  children,  such  as  poodles,  lapdogs,  Ac), 

the  results  of  both,  in  discourse,  and  in  as  a  riibbil  or  a  canary,  or  a  little  dog, 

our  peculiar  calling;  these  oe  en  patione  or  something  of  tbe  aorL     A  plaything 

fill  thelivesof  allof  ni.     Certainscho-  of  this  kind  exercises  care  in  looking    .^ 


Google 


S49                                            Childrm'i  Books.  [Doo. 

afier,  and  a  reeling  of  humanitj-  in  of  literature,  the  moat  Rceesuble  to 

tending  il.    While  speaking  of  tKis,  we  most  dsBsei  oi  readers.     It  is,  in  fitct, 

should  udd,  thst  this  feeling  of  human-  perianal  history,  and  h»  a  peculiar  in- 

ity  should  be  one  of  the   earliest  im-  lereat.     It  both  seems  as  the  ben  intro- 

plantedandassiduauslj  ctierished  along  duction  to,  and  the  best  iJInstTation  of, 

with  the  cacdinal  principles,  obedience,  history  ilself.     The  lives  of  man;  pro- 

R  sense  of  justice,  a  love  of  troth  and  minent  historical  personsgei  occupy  ibe 

haired  of  falsehood,  and  its  petty  cog-  same  space  as  a  history  of  their  times. 

Dale  vices  \  warm  generosity  and  active  Certain    single   characters   include  a]l 

habits  of  indostiy,  order,  punctoallty,  the  interest  we  take  in  their  country  ; 

coortesj,  and  cleanliness.  as,  uniil  lately,   Peter  the  Great  and 

Geography  we  have  before  referred  Catharine  II.,  were  to  us  all  ofRnssian 

to,  on  the  head  of  books  of  voyages  and  history  we  cared   Qinch  to  know;  and 

travels.     In  good  hands  this  is  a  study  for  general  undents,  before  the  present 

children  delight  in.     Isaac  Mllner  was  era,  we  heard  enongh  of  Sweden,  wbea 

said    to   have   been   a   maater;   while  we  had  learnt  the  histories  of  Gusiavos 

there  is  not  an  inleiligent  sailor  or  sea-  Vssa,  of  Adolphus,  Oiernstein,  Cbria- 

caplain  who  cannot   draw  children  to  tina,   and   Charles   XII.     Plutarch  ia 

his  knee  by  relating  of  his  adveniures  the  great  mine  for  ancient  biographr. 

ID  foreign  countries,  when  they  care  foe  Among  English  boohs  and  heroes,  lbs 

no  other  company  or  conversation.    No  Uvea  of  WaJlaee,  Columbus,  Franklin, 

«xpense  should  be  spared  fur  maps  and  Washington,  Nelson,  and  a  number  of 

{lans  of  cities,  &c.  A  little  work  by  the  same  characters  ;  and  the  Adven- 
Ir.  Aiken  and  Mrs.  Barbauld,  was  a  tures  of  Munchausen,  BaroD  Treak,  I 
great  favorite  with  us,  and  though  and  Silvio  Fellico.  ' 
we  have  not  seen  it  many  years,  we  Grammar  and  all  abstract  studies,  I 
dare  say  it  still  retains  its  interest  for  except  the  grammar  of  foreign  laa-  | 
children — "  Evenings  at  Home."  If  guages  (lo  be  studied  not  by  fomial 
we  recollect  aright,  it  contains  lessons  feature,  but  civd  voce,  in  conversatioii, 
both  in  geography  and  natural  history,  with  phrase-books  and  interlinear  trana- 
Hisiory,  we  think,  is  a  study  for  laiiunj  ought  to  be  reserved  till  the 
joulh  and  mature  age,  in  its  philo-  student  is  fairly  in  hia  or  her  teens.  I 
sopbical  and  critical  aspect,  ;  but  the  Then  phLlosophical  education  should 
lomance  of  history,  fable,  legend,  and  commence.  The  common  elementary 
tradition,  is  the  proper  reading  for  elndies,  not  enumerated,  of  orthogta- 
ohitdren.  Bible  history  should  be  well  phy,  elocution,  chirography,  and  arith* 
.atadied,  as  also  ancient  history,  in  po-  metic,  are  quickest  lesmt  in  the  sloir- 
jwlar  manuals,  and  the  history  of  the  est  uld-fashioned  method.  They  ara 
student's  own  country  in  a  popular  to  be  so  learnt,  if  they  are  lo  be  well 
^  shape.  Long  histories,  like  Hume  and  learnt.  Of  school-books  in  genera), 
Gibbon's,  or  crilicsl  disquisitions  like  the  oldest  sre  the  best  (if  the  beat  of 
i^hose  of  the  German  and  French  school,  the  old  ones  sre  selected)  ;  they  shonld 
are  not  for  very  young  students.  To  be  clear,  short,  and  simple.  It  is  much 
illustrate  oar  idea  of  children's  reading  to  be  doubted  whether  the  multiplieitf 
history,  wo  thiuk  "Irving'a  Abridg-  of  school-books  does  not  rather  embar- 
menl  of  the  Life  of  Columbus  "  fit  for  rass  than  advance  the  pupil.  A  fesr 
a  bo;  oi  girl  of  nine  or  ten,  while  his  good  books  sre  belter  than  many  indif- 
large  work  is  adapted  to  ones  of  foar-  ferent  ones.  In  tiie  composition  of 
teen  or  fideen :  so  is  Bancroft's  small  most  new  school-books,  there  is  s  cotn- 
work  for  the  latter,  while  his  great  mon  defect.  They  aim  at  being  too 
'history  is  for  students  from  seventeen  clear,  at  simplifying  too  much,  ft  ia  a 
'<. to  seventy.  We  believe  that  children  de-  good  old  rule  rather  to  talk  above  than 
aivf  advantage  from  perusing  historical  below  your  company;  the  same  rule 
novels,  but  they  are  false  guides  for  holds  more  particolarly  with  a  mixed 
men  or  women.  They  ate  useful  sad  audience,  and  almost  aa  mnch  willi 
agreeable  in  encouraging  a  tasle  for  children.  They  do  not  like  oondescen- 
graver  reading,  and  m  extracting  the  sion  any  better  than  their  elders,  bat 
essence  from  long  desultory  romantic  wish  to  be  treated  as  oeaily  on  equal 
chronicles  and  court  memoirs.  terms  as  possible- 
Biography  comes  neater  to  children  The  nation  of  popularizing  difficoll 
han  history  ;  as,  indeed,  it  is  a  apeoies  propoaitions,  and  explaining  in  an  eatf-               r 

VjOOQIC 


ISU.]                                       ChUdren'*  Boak*.  HS. 

way  whsi  is  inheTentlj  diflieuli  of  com-  from  Grandfather's  chair,    Langfellow 

prehension,  has  been  prored  unwise  by  cannot  give  us  too  msnj  TeriiRed  ro- 

fair  trial.    It  is  necessary  to  stimulate  roances  :  Mis.  Child  should  write  some 

curiosity  and  encourage  labor.     Tbeie  of  her  purest  new  LelCera,  for  children 

is  00  royal  road  to  learning,  to  quote  a  expressly  :    Misa   Sedgwick,  we  tnial, 

trite  maxim  ;  none  the  less  tros  for  be-  haa  not  jet   exhausted   her    stock   of 

ing-  trite.     Some  difficulties   must  be  maleiials  :  the  profound  and  subtle  ge- 

encounteced,  if  only  to  harden  the  mind  nius  of  Emerson  ought  not  to  despise 

and  strengthen  the  character.     By  fa-  writing  clear  and  picturesque  maiiou 

cilitating  acquisition,  the  mind  becomes  for  childhood  as  well  ss  for  the  matar- 

eSeminated.itisteadoradvancing,  and  is  est   manhood:    Dewey   might   furnish 

uniiited   to    contend   with   difficulties,  admirable   sermons   forchiTdreD;   and 

The  Quarterly  Reviewer  qooies  a  fine  of  alt  men  John  Nea!  could  write  the 

■entenceofCuleridge  to  this  eifect  (we  best  eesay,  as  those  on  Sel  f- trust,  &c. 

have  not  the  Review  by  us,  and  cannot  Mathews,  whofte  versatile   eenlus  not 

transcribe  it  literally),  that  the  path  of  a  liuie  resembles    that  of  Hood,   can 

linowledge  is  circuitous  and  winding,  indite  pathetic  tales  like  HarveyLamb, 

often  returning  upon  itself,  and  hence  or  comic  satire  like  the  best  passagea 

that  we  must  often  attend  to  elementary  in  his  prose  writingf,  and  ought  to  be 

ptiociplea,  and  feel  no  dread  of  repeti-  able  to  address  children  se  well  a«  their 

tioo  and  going  ovet  the  same  ground  parents.     And  for  selections  of  talea, 

lepeatedly.     By  dint  of  sheer  memory  delicate  versions,  re-writing  certain  old 

we  maaier  some  things  that  we  cannot  stories,  and  picturesque  grsce  in  criti- 

al  &rst  even  understand,  hut  which,  the  ca!    essays,    which   the   young    folks 

oftener  ihey  are  recalled,  the  plainer  would   relish   almost  as  much  as   the 

they  seem,  since  the  perception  gene-  sloriea    themselves,  commend  us  and 

tally  views  ihe  idea  in  a  di&'eren   man-  (he  juvenile  tribe  to  the  happy  fancy  of 

Der  every  lime  it  ukes  any  notice  of  it,  E.A.D. 

and  in  this  way  many  stubborn  facts  are  In  a  linal  paragraph  we  would  in- 
treasured  up,  and  many  complicated  aist  npon  the  necessity  of  a  rich,  ptire, 
problems  are  at  last  resolved.  and  varied  Literature  for  children  ;  not 

Patience  is  the  great  quality  of  all  only  from  the  vast  importance  of  cap- 
students  and  discoverers,  a  philosophic,  tivating  the  imagination  and  warming 
calm,  nnshaken  attention  and  concen-  the  heart  at  the  most  impressible  sea- 
tration  of  the  mind  on  a  given  point,  son  of  life,  by  generous  sod  Christian 
that  at  last  enables  the  other  faculties  principles  of  action,  and  refined  senti- 
to  unravel  all  the  tangled  meshes  of  ments  of  duty,  but  also  that  the  youth- 
eontroversy  or  unlock  the  secrets  of  fulassociationsmay formlhebasisoftbe 
Nature.  Such  was  the  Patience  of  best  character,  and  bring  the  purest 
Bacon,  Newton  and  Locke.  A  very  joy  in  after  years.  Such  a  Literatare 
ordinary  but  most  pernicious  fault  of  alresdv  eiials,  though  ne  trust  it  may 
all  teaching  is  to  rate  all  minds  alike  :  be  enriched  annusUj,  and  by  American 
give  lessons  of  the  same  length  and  in  as  well  as  foreign  writers.  It  is  enongh 
the  same  sciences,  to  all  children  of  fame  for  any  author  to  be  loved  by 
the  ssme  age  or  siie  :  a  Procrustes  children,  generation  after  generation, 
method  of  gauging  the  abiliitea  and  long  after  fae  himself  has  lefithe  scene. 
tastes  of  children.  After  a  very  early  Nor  can  he  be  considered  an  uaelesc 
age,  each  child  requires  an  individual  writer,  who  has  done  something  to- 
treatment  suited  to  none  else.  Yet  wards  forming  a  single  worthy  cha- 
this  ia  seldom  attended  to.  racier.     The  greatest  writers  are  the 

We  have  thrown  together  these  de-  world's  best  benefactors,  friends,  teach- 
snllory  obierrstione,  which  we  should  era,  lovers,  companioos  and  fellow- 
like to  see  acted   upon.     Why  will  not  citizens. 

oar  best  American  writers  do  more  for  At  an  epoch  when  cheap  Literatars 

childreni  Mr.  Irving  might  write  some  is  so  popular,  and  reprints  of  good  old 

delightful  historical  novelettes  and  mi-'  hooks  so  common,   why,  amid  all  the 

nialure   biographies  of  Americans   for  collections,  have  we  nut  a  cheap  Libra- 

them  :  Hawtbiirne  ought  to  compose  a  ry  for  children,  not  mere  Fairy  Talea 

claasic   history  of  Salem   Witchcraft,  (there  is  one  SDch  collection),  nor  use- 

and  continue    his  delighlful   historical  ful  trsels,  nor  sets  of  travels  aod  bio- 

coDversatioDs.    We  wsot  more  stories  grtpbies,  but  a  careful   selection  of 


Google 


M4  TSe  Pruoaer.  [Dee- 
good  boofcs  in  an  llie  deparHnents ;  gination  of  a  child,  through  age  and 
one  HimelhiDg  like  the  list  we  have  eiperience  to  [he  ver;  Gales  of  Death. 
Mtempled.  Ad  enlerpriBin^  pablieher  For  a  child  too,  that  dies  jotine,  wa 
who  would  get  out  bucH  a  Beiies,  in  a  Bhould  Btrire  to  fill  its  whole  lire  with 
neat  poclable  form,  would  deaerre  the  Love,  Religion,  and  Beauty.  This  ia 
praise  of  area!  benefactor  to  (he  j'oupg,  the  true  ollice  of  Genius  tempered  hj 
aod  Git  hia  pockets  at  the  same  lime.  afTection,  the  work  of  an  Angel,  and  to 
Every  man  looks  back  to  his  child-  be  rewarded  as  soch.  It  is  great "  the 
Isood,  as  to  the  Paradisaical  period  of  applause  of  lislening  senates  to  com- 
his  life,  his  Eden  before  he  was  driven  raand,"  and  to  become  endenizened  Poet 
into  the  world  by  sin.  Ought  we  not  to  or  Philosopher,  the  world  over :  but  il  is, 
try  and  make  it  so  moch  happier  and  if  not  so  glorious  a  national  fame, 
wiser  that  the  period  may  be  indefinite-  still  a  more  delightful  private  honor,  to 
ly  prolonged,  and  the  purity  and  innn-  live  on  the  lips  of  admiring  childhood, 
eonce  of  childhood  carried  as  far  as  and  to  possess  a  place  in  those  cheni- 
possible  into  coming  years  1  The  best  bic  hearts  that  know  no  nielaphysic»l 
man  piesetvea  the  heart  atid  the  ima-  distinction  between  delight  and  Idtb. 


THE  PRISONER. 


Cbaincd  within  a  dreary  wall, 

Sitteth  the — a  prisoner  lone  ; 
Struggling  in  her  weary  thrall, 

Mingling  corse  and  moan  ! 
Ever  aod  anon  the  stars 

Glance  within  her  living  tomb. 
And  the  moonlight,  through  (he  bari. 

Darts  athwart  the  gloom. 

Now  a  voice  of  mnstc  sleala 

On  the  silence  of  her  cell ; 
And  again  the  wind  reveals 

Treasures  of  the  dell ; 
Yet,  within  a  dreary  wall, 

Sitteth  she — a  prisoner  lone  ; 
Struggling  in  her  weary  thrall. 

Mingling  curse  and  moan. 

Through  the  dull,  dull  night,  her  eye 

Iiooheth  on  the  far-oif  stars, 
Bat  between  il  and  the  sky 

Are  the  prison -bars  : 
And  by  day,  the  sun-beamB  throw 

Splendors  through  the  darkened  panes ; 
Bat  though  they  may  come  and  go, 

She  niuai  wear  her  chaios. 

So  within  a  dreary  wall, 
Sitteth  ihe — the  prisoner  Soul; 

Struggling  in  her  weary  thrall, 

'    Panting  for  her  goal ; 

Struggling — yet  too  weak  to  riae : 
Panting — yet  afraid  to  go  : 

Lured  by  Love  towards  the  skie* — 
Chained  by  Lost  below. 


I  =y  Google 


Writmgt  4>f  AiMphu. 


WBITINQS  OF  AUBEPINE. 


Wi  do  not  rameinbeT  to  hsTS  Mm  an;  odIj  add  to  this  rery  cBrsorjr  ntrtiee, 

tmiBlatedapeeiroeiuioftheprodnoUoni  that  H.  d«  I'AnU^ane'i  prodBctions,  if 

■of  H.  dal'ADbeptne;  ■  fket  tb«  leM  to  Om   (eader   ebuioe   to   Uke   them  in 

be  wondered  at,  as  faia  Tery  naioe  is  preeiteljlhc  proper  point  of  Tiew.maj 

nnknowii  to  many  of  hia  own  country'  amnae  a  leiaura  bonr  u  well  la  tboa* 

men,  ■«  we]]  as  lo  ttie  student  of  Ibrei^  of  a  briabter  man ;  if  otherwise,  thvy 

literatare.    Aa  a  writer,  he  ■esma  to  ean  hardly  fail  to  look  axceaairely  lite 

oeetipr  an  nnfoitnnate  posilioD  between  nonaenae. 

the  TraDMendentaliBtt  (who,  trader  Our  author  la  Tolaminoas ;  he  con- 
«M  oanw  or  another,  havB  their  share  tinnea  to  write  and  pitbliah  with  aa 
in  all  the  current  literature  of  the  mush  praiseworthy  and  indefatigable 
world),  and  the  great  body  of  pen-and-  prolixity,  aa  if  fais  efforts  were  crowned 
inli  men  who  addreas  the  intellect  and  with  the  brilliant  loceess  that  so  jusdjr 
sympathies  of  the  maltitnde.  If  not  attends  those  of  Eugene  Sne.  m» 
tao  reCned,  at  all  events  too  remote,  first  appearance  tras  b^  a  oollectioD  of 
too  shadowy  and  oneubatantial  io'  his  stories,  in  a  long  seriea  of  volnmea, 
roods*  of  deTslopment,  to  suit  the  taste  entitled  "  Contet  dtmc  fois  racimtiet." 
of  the  latter  class,  and  yet  too  popular  The  titles  of  some  of  his  more  recent 
to  satisfy  the  apiritual  or  metaphysical  worlis  (we  quote  from  memory)  are  aa 
lequisitiona  of  the  former,  he  must  follows : — "  Le  Voyage  Cileals  a  Cht- 
necessarily  find  himself  without  an  min  de  Fer,"  3  torn.  1838.  "  Lt 
audience  ;  except  bere  and  there  an  runmeau  pire  Adam  tt  la  neuvtlU  mirt 
JndiTidoal,  or  possibly  an  isolated  £o«,"S tom.  1B30.  "Roderie;  oaU 
eliqae.  His  writings,  to  do  tbem  jua-  SerpratdrMtomac,"Stom.  IB40.  "Le 
tiee,  are  not  altogether  destitute  of  Culle  du  Feu,"  a  folio  volume  of  poD- 
ftney  and  originality  ;  they  might  have  detous  research  into  the  religion  and 
won  him  gresler  reputation  but  for  an  ritual  of  the  old  Persian  Ghebera,  pub- 
inveterate  lore  of  allegory,  which  is  lishediu  1841.  "  La  Soirle  du  Chateau 
apt  to  inreat  his  plots  and  charactera  en  Etpagne,"  1  torn.  Sto.  J843  ;  and 
with  the  aspect  of  scenery  and  people  "  U Artiste  du  Beau;  ou  le  PapUlm 
in  the  clocds,  and  to  steal  sway  the  Micanifue,"  S  torn.  ito.  1843.  Oar 
human  warmth  oot  of  his  conceptions,  somewhat  wearisome  perusal  of  this 
His  fictions  are  sometimes  historical,  startling  catalogue  of  Tolmnea  has  left 
sometimes  of  the  present  day,  and  behind  it  a  certaia  personal  affection 
Bometimea,  so  far  aa  can  be  discorered,  and  sympathy,  though  by  no  means 
have  little  or  no  reference  either  to  admiration,  for  M.  de  I'Aub^pine ;  and 
time  or  space.  In  any  caae,  he  gen-  we  would  fain  do  the  little  in  onr  power 
erally  contents  himself  with  a  very  towards  introducing  him  favorably  to 
slight  embroidery  of  outward  manners,  the  American  pnblic.  The  ensuing 
— the  foiotest  possible  counterfeit  of  tale  is  a  translation  of  his  "  Beatrice  i 
real  life, — and  endeavors  to  create  an  ou  La  Belle  Empoisomteuse^'  recently 
interest  by  some  less  obvions  pecnll-  poblisbed  in  "  La  Revue  Anli-Ariito- 
arity  of  the  subject.  Occasionally,  a  craligue."  This  journal,  edited  by  the 
breath  of  nature,  a  rain-drop  of  pathos  Comte  de  Bearhaven,  has,  for  soma 
and  tenderness,  or  a  gleam  of  humor,  years  past,  led  the  defence  of  liberal 
will  find  its  way  into  the  midst  of  bis  principles  and  popular  rights,  with  a 
fantastic  imagery,  and  make  us  feel  as  faithfulness  and  ability  worthy  of  all 
if,  after  alt,  we  were  yet  within  the  praise, 
limtta  of  onr  native  earth.    We  will 

aAPPACCIHl's  DACOHTBB. 

Ayonn;man,namedGiovanniGuaB-  more  sonihera  region  of  Italy,  to  pox-  ^--               j 

cOBti,  came,  very  long  ago,  from  the  ane  hia  stndiea  at  the  Dnivereity  of  vjOOQIC 

Tot  xr. — ^Mo.  Lxxriii.  37  O 


tW                                     Wriliagt  of  Auiipiiu.                                     [Dee. 

Padaa.  Giofanni,  wtio  had  Vnt  a  and.cDinineDding  the  ;oang  manta  llic 
■canty  tapply  of  gold  ducats  in  his  protection  of  the  aaints,  took  her  de- 
pocket,  tool   lodginga  in  a  high  and  parlure. 

gloomy  chamber  of  an    old    edifice,  Gioranni  stitl  found  no  better  oeea- 

which  looked   not   nnworlhy  to   have  patioa   tban  to   look    down    into  the 

been  the  palace  of  a  Paduan  noble,  garden  beneath  hie  window.     From  its 

and  which,  in  ft^t,  exhibited  over  its  appearance,  he  jadgeA.it  to  be  one  of 

entrance  the   armorial   bearings   of  a  those  botanic  gardens,  which  were  of 

&roily  long  since  extinct.     The  young  earlier  date  in  Padua  than  elsewbeie 

stranger,  who  was  not  unstudied  in  the  in  Italy,  or  in  (he  world.     Or,  not  im- 

Seat  poem  of  his  country,  recoUecled  probably,  it  might  once  have  been  the 

at  one  of  the  ancestors  or  this  fauiily,  pleasure-place  of  an   opulent   family; 

and  perhaps  an  occupant  of  this  very  for   there   was   the   ruin  of  a  marble 

HiaiHiian,  had  been  pictured  by  Pante  fountain  in  the  centre,  sculpttued  with 

as  a  partaker  of  the  iminortal  agonies  rare  art,  but  so  wofuUy  shattered  that 

of  his  Inferno.    These  reminiscences  it  was  impossible  to  trace  the  origins! 

and    associations,   together   with    the  design  from   the   chaos  of  remaining 

tendency  to  heart-hreak  natural  to  a  fragments.     The  water,  however,  con- 

yuung  man  for  the  first  time  out  of  his  turned  to  gush  and   sparkle   into   Iha 

native  sphere,  cauBed  Giovanni  to  sigh  snnbeams  as  cbeerfutly  as  ever.     A. 

heavily,  as  he  looked  around  the  deso-  little  gnrgling  sound  ascended  to  the 

late  and  ill- furnished  apartment.  young  man's  window,  and  made  him 

"Holy_  Virgin,   signer,"    cried    old  feel  as  if  (he  fountain  were  an  immortal 

dame    Lisabetla,    wbo,    woo    by    the  spirit,  that  sung  its  song  unceasingly, 

youth's  remarkable  beauty  of  person,  and  without  heeding  tbe  Ticissitudes 

was   kindly  endeavoring   to   give   the  aronnd  it ;  while  one  century  embodied 

chamber  a  habitable  air,  "  what  a  sigh  it  in  marble,  and  another  scattered  (he 

was  that  to  bome  out  of  a  young  man's  garniture   on  the  soil.     All  about  the 

heart !     Do  you  find  Ibis  old  mansion  pool  into  which    the  water  subsided, 

gloomy  1     Fortheloveof heaven, Iben,  grew  varions   plants,  thst   seemed  to 

put  your  head  out  of  the  window,  and  require  a  plentiful  supply  of  moisture 

Tou  will  see  as  bright  sunshine  as  you  for  the  nourishment  of  gigantic  leaves, 

have  lefl  in  Naples."  and,  in  some  instances,  flowers  gorge- 

Guasconli  mecbanically  did  as  the  ously   magnificent.      There   was   one 

old  woman  advised,  but  could  not  quite  shrub  in   particular,  set   in  a  marble 

re  with  her  that  the  Lombard  sun-  vase  in  the  midst  of  the  pool,  that  bore 

3  was  as  cheerful  as  that  of  south-  a  profusion  of  pnrple  blossoms,  each  of 

em  Italy.     Such  as  it  was,  however,  which  had  the  lustre  and  richness  of  » 

it  fell  upon  a  garden  beneath  (be  win-  gem ;  and  the  whole  together  made  a, 

daw,  and  expended  its  fostering  influ-  show  so  resplendent  that   it  seemed 

ences  on  a  variety  of  plants,  which  enough  to  illummate  the  garden,  even 

aeemed  la  have  heen  cultivated  with  had  there  been  no  sunshine.     Everr 

exceeding  care.  portion  of  tbe  soil  was  peopled  with 

"  Does  this  carden  belong  to  the  plants  and  herbs,  which,  if  less  beauti- 

house  I"  ssked  Giovanni.  ful,  still  bore  tokens  of  assiduous  care ; 

"  Heaven  forbid,  sigoor ! — unless  it  as  if  all  had  tbeir  individual  virtue*, 

were  fruitful  of  better  pot-herbs  than  known  to  the  scientific  mind  that  fos- 

fthat  grow  there  now,"  answered  tered  theiii.  Some  were  placed  ia 
Lisabetta.  "  No  :  that  garden  is  urns,  rich  with  old  carving,  and  other* 
cultivated  by  the  own  hands  of  Signer  in  common  garden-pots ;  some  crept 
Giacomo  Rappaccini,  the  famous  Don-  serpent-like  along  the  ground,  or  climb- 
tor,  who,  I  warrant  him,  has  been  heard  ed  on  high,  using  whatever  means  of 
of  as  far  as  Naples.  It  is  said  he  dis-  ascent  waa  ofTered  (hem.  One  plant 
tils  these  plants  into  medicines  that  are  had  wreathed  itself  round  a  statue  of 
as  potent  as  a  charm.  OAentimcB  you>  Verlumnus,  which  was  thus  quite 
may  see  the  signer  Doctor  at  work,'  veiled  and  ahrouded  in  a  drapery  of 
and  perchance  the  signora  his  daugh-  hanging  foliage,  so  happily  arranged 
ter,  too,  gathering  the  strange  flowers  that  it  might  have  served  a  sculptor  for 
that  grow  in  the  garden."  a  study. 

The  old  woman  had  now  done  what  While  Giovanni  stood  at  the  windowi 

iIm  eonld  for  the  aspect  of  the  chamber,  he  beud  a  rustling  behind  a  screenof 


MTtl 

old  L 


oogic 


1844.]  RttppaecMet  Daugkttr.  647* 

le&TM,  and  became  aware  that  a  penon  the  mask,  and  called  loadly,  bat  in  tba 

was  at  work  in  the  ^rden.     Hia  figiire  infirm  voice  of  a  perSon  Reeled  wttli 

aoon  emerged  into  view,  and  showed  it-  iqwiird  diaeaae  : 
salf  to  bo  that  of  no  conimon  laborer,         "  Beatrice  ! — Beatrice !" 
bota  tall,  emaciated,  sallow,  and  sick-         "Here    am   I,   ni;  father!      What 

l;-looking  man,  dressed  in  a  acholai'a  would  you  1"  cried  a  rich  and  foulhfnl 

^rb  of  black.     He  was  beyond  the  voice  from  the  window  of  the  opposita 

middle  term  of  life,  with  gtey  hair,  a  house  ;    a  voice  as  rich  as  a  tropical 

thin  grej  beard,  and  a  face  aingularly  ennset,    and    which    made   Giovanni, 

marked  with  intellect  and  cultivation,  though  he  knew  not  why,  think  ofdeep 

bnt  which  coold  never,  even  in  his  more  hues  of  pnrple  or  crimson,  and  of  per- 

yopthful  days,  hive   expteaeed   much  fumei  heavily  delectable. — "  Am  JOB 

warmth  of  heart.  in  the  garden  T" 

Itolhing  could  exceed  the  inteutnesa        "  Yes,  Beatrice,"  answered  ihegai- 

with  which  this  scientific  gardeser  ex-  dener,  "  and  I  need  your  help." 
amined  every  ahrub  which  grew  in  hia         Soon  tbete  emerged  from   nader  S 

path  \  it  seemed  as  if  he  was  looking  sculptured  portal  the  figure  of  a  young 

mio  their  inmoat  nature,  making  ohser-  girl,  arrayed  with  aa  much  ricbnesa  of 

Tations  in  regard  to  their  creative  ea-  taate  as  the  moat  splendid  of  the  flow- 

sence,  and  discovering  whT  one  leaf  era,  beantiful  as  the  day,  and  with  a 

grew  in  this  shape,  and  another  in  that,  bloom  ao  deep  and  vivid  that  ooe  afaada 

and  wherefore  auch  and  auch   flowers  more  would  have  been  too  much.    Shs 

differed  among  themaelves  in  hue  and  looked  redundant  with  life,  health,  and 

perfume.     Nevertheless,  in  spite  of  the  energy ;  all  of  which  attribntes   were 

deep  intelligence  on  his  part,  there  was  bound  down  and  compressed,  as  it  were, 

no  approach  to  intimacy  between  him-  and  girdled  tensely,  in  their  luxuriance, 

•elf  and   these   vegetable  eiistences.  by  her   virgin  zone.     Yet   Giovanni's 

On  the  contrary,  he  avoided  their  actu-  fancy  must  have  grown  morbid,  while 

al  touch,  or  the  direct  inhaling  of  their  he  looked  down  into  the  garden  ;  for 

odors,  with  a  caution  that  impreBsed  the  impresaion  which  the  fair  stranger 

Givoanni  moat  disagreeably ;  for  the  made  upon  him  was  as  if  here  were 

man's  demeanor  was  that  of  one  walk-  another    flower,  the   human   sister  of 

ing  among  oiatignant  influences,  such  those   vegetable  ones,  as   beautiful  aa 

aa  savage  beasti,  or  deadly  snakes,  or  they — mure  beautiful  than  the  richest 

evilspirits,  which,  should  he  allow  them  of  them— but  still  lobs  touched  onl7 

one  moment  of  license,  wonid  wreak  with  a  glove,  nor  to  be  approached  witlt- 

'  upon  him   some  terrible  fatality.     It  out  a  mask.     As  Beatrice  came  down 

waa  strangely  frightful   to  the   young  the  garden-path,  it  was  observable  that 

man's  imagination,  to  see  this  air  of  in-  she   handled  and  inhaled  the  odor  of 

security  in  a  person  cuilivaling  a  gar-  several  of  the  plants,  which  hei  father 

den,  that  most  simple  and  innocent  of  bad  moat  sedulously  avoided. 
human  toils,  and  which  had  been  alike        "  Here,  Beatrice,"  said  the  latter,-— 

the  joy  and  labor  of  the  unfatlen  parents  "  see  bow  many  needful  .ofScea  require 

of  the  race.     Was  this  garden,  then,  the  to  be  done  to  our  chief  treasure.     Yet, 

Eden  of  the  preaent  world  1 — and  this  shattered  as  I  am,  my  life  might  pay 

man,  with  such  a  perception  of  harm  in  the  penalty  of  approaching  it  so  closely 

what  his  own  hands  cauaed  to  grow,  was  as  circamstances  demand.   Henceforth, 

he  the  Adam  1  I  fear,  this  plant  most  he  consigned  ta 

The  distrustful  gardener,  while  pluck-  your  sole  charge." 
icg  away  the  dead   leaves  or  pruning        "  And  gladly  will  I  nndertake  it," 

the  too  luxnriant  growth  of  the  shrubs,  cried  again  the  rich  tonesof  the  young 

defended  his  hands  with  a  pair  of  thick  lady,  as  she  bent  towards  the  magnifr 

gbves.     Nor  were  these  bis  only  ar-  cent  plant,  and  opened  her  anna  aa  if  to 

mor.     When,  in  hia  walk  through  the  embrace   it.      "  Yes,   mj    aister,    mf 

garden,   he  came   to   the   magnificent  splendor,  it  shall  be  Bealrice'a  task  to 

plant  that  bung  its  purple  gems  beside  nurse  and  serve  thee  ;  and  thou  ahalt 

the  marble  fountain,  he  placed  a  kind  reward  her  with  thy  kisses  and  pec- 

of  mask  over  hi!  mouth  and  nostrila,  as  fumed  breath,  which  to  her  ia  as  llu 

if  all  this  beauty  did  but  conceal  a  dead-  breath  of  life  " 


ller  malice.     But  finding  his  task  still         Then,   with   all  the  tenderness    in 
too  dangerous,  he  drew  back,  removed    her  manner  that  waa  so  strikingly  ex- 


Google 


M8  Wriiitigt  of  AviipiKt.  [Dw. 

Iiiwmul  in  her  worda,  she  bniied  har-  GioTmiini  bad  brovKbt «  letter  of  iatro- 
Mlf  with  aneh  uteDtioaa  u  the  plut  doeiioB.  The  profeasor  waa  mD  elderif 
■eemed  to  teijiiire  ;  and  Gioranai,  at  penoaa^,  apparepiljr  of  geaial  aalan, 
hia  loft;  window,  robbed  hia  eyea,  and  and  habits  that  might  almoat  be  called 
aliDOat  donbtcd  whether  it  were  a  gitl  jorial ;  he  kept  the  7001^  maa  to  din- 
tending  her  IsTOTIte  Oower,  or  om  aia-  ner,  and  madia  himaelf  Torr  agreeaUa 
ter  perfbriiiiitgthadiitiea  ofaffection  to  bj  the  freedom  and  liTelinwa  of  hia 
sMther.  The  acene  aoiui  tenninated.  eoDTeraaiion,  eapeeiallT  when  watoted 
WfaiBther  Doctor  Rappaoeini  had  fin-  hj  a  flaak  or  two  of  Toacan  wine- 
iahed  his  labors  in  the  garden,  or  that  Gioraniu,  ooocoiTing  that  meB  of  sei- 
hia  watehfol  eje  had  caaghi  the  atrang-  eaee,  iahabiiaata  of  the  same  ei^.  nnat 
•r's  boe,  he  bow  took  hie  dsa^ters  needs  be  on  familiar  terma  with  on* 
arm  and  retired.  Night  was  ureadj  another,  took  an  opportonit;  to  mentioa 
flMing  in;  iwtreasiTe  exfaalationa  aeem-  the  name  of  Dr.  Rappaecini.  Bot  tba 
•d  to  proceed  from  the  plants,  and  ateal  profeaeot  did  not  respond  with  so  noeb 
upward  past  the  open  window ;  and  Gi-  eordialily  as  he  had  aoticipaled. 
ovaimi,  closing  the  lattice,  went  to  his  "  111  would  it  become  a.  teacher  of 
coach,  and  dreamed  of  a  rich  flower  the  divine  art  of  medicine,"  said  Pio- 
aad  beantifnl  girl.  Flower  and  maiden  feaeor  Pietro  BagUoni,  in  aoawer  to  a 
were  different  and  yet  the  same,  and  question  of  Oiotanni,  "  to  withheld  doe 
franght  with  some  strange  peril  in  and  well-conaidflred  praise  of  a  pfaysi- 
either  shape.  ciao  ao  emiaeatl;  skilled  aa  Rappacci- 

Bat  there  is  an  inSnence  in  the  light  ni.  But,  on  the  other  band,  1  should 
ofmoroiog  that  lends  to  rectifj  what-  aaawer  it  bet  scaotil;  to  my  conscience, 
BTsr  errors  of  fancjr,  or  even  of  judg-  were  I  to  permit  a  worthy  yonth  like 
meat,  we  ms]t  have  incuned  during  the  yourself.  Signer  Giovanni,  the  son  4^ 
■nn'a  decline,  01  among  the  ehadowa  of  an  ancient  friend,  to  imbibe  eTroneona 
the  night,  or  in  the  less  wholesome  idea*  respecting  a  man  who  might 
glow  of  moonshine.  Giovanni's  first  hereafter  chance  to  hold  your  life  aitd 
movement  on  starting  from  sleep,  waa  death  in  his  hands.  The  ttnth  is,  mir 
to  throw  open  the  window,  and  gase  worshipfal  Doctor  Rappaccini  has  as 
down  into  lbs  gardsn  which  hia  dreams  much  soience  as  any  member  of  the 
had  made  so  fertile  of  mysteries.  Ha  faculty — with  perhaps  one  single  es- 
waa  surprised,  and  a  little  ashamed,  to  ceplion — in  Padua,  or  all  Tt«J;.  But 
ind  how  real  and  matter-of-fact  an  af-  there  are  certain  grave  objections  to 
Jair  it  piored  to  be,  in  the  first  ravs  of  bis  professional  character." 
the  sun,  which  gilded  the  dew-drops  "And  what  are  thejl"  asked  tba 
tlut  hung  upon  leaf  and  blossom,  and,    young  man. 

while  giving  a  brighter  beauty  to  eaoh  "  Has  my  friend  Giovanni  any  dis- 
.Tsre  flower,  brought  everything  within  ease  of  body  or  heart,  that  he  is  so  in- 
ithe  limit!  of  ordinary  experience.  The  quiiitive  abont  physicians  V  said  the 
T«ODg  man  rejoiced,  that,  in  the  heart  Professor,  with  a  smile.  "  Bot  aa  for 
'Of  the  barren  city,  be  had  the  privilege  Rappaoeini,  it  la  eaid  of  bim — and  I, 
■of  overlooking  this  spot  of  lovely  and  who  know  the  man  well,  can  answer 
loaariant  vef^etalion.  It  would  serve,  for  its  truth — that  be  cares  infinitelr 
>ke  aaid  to  himself,  as  a  symbolic  Ian-  more  for  science  than  for  mankind 
:  ffMftt  to  keep  him  in  oommnnion  with  His  patients  are  interesting  to  him  only 
■natuEe.  Neither  the  eickly  and  thought-  aa  subjects  for  some  new  experiment, 
worn  Doctor  Giacomo  Rappaccini,  it  is  He  would  sacrifice  human  life,  his  own 
'true,  WIT  hia  brilliant  daughter  were  among  the  rest,  or  whatever  else  waa 
-DOW  viaible :  so  that  Giovanni  could  dearest  to  him,  for  the  sake  of  adding 
not  determine  how  much  of  the  siugn-  so  much  as  a  grain  of  mnstard-seed  to 
larit;  which  he  attributed  to  both,  was  the  great  heap  of  his  aconmnlated 
^due  to  i&eir  own  qnalitiea,  and  how    knowledge." 

mneh  10  hia  wonder-working  fancy,  "  Methinks  ha  is  an  awful  man,  in- 
But  he  was  inclined  to  take  a  moat  ra-  deed,"  remarked  Gnaaoonti,  mentally 
tinnal  view  of  the  whole  matter.  recalljng  the  cold  and*puTeIj  intellectu- 

In  the  soiirse  of  the  day,  he  paid  bis  al  aspect  of  Rappaccini.  "  And  yet, 
Tespecta  (o  Si^nor  Pietro  Boglioni,  pro-  warshipful  Ptofesaor,  is  it  not  a  iiMa 
'feasor  ofntadiaine  in  the  Uoifetsity,  a  apirit!  Are  there  [oany  men  capabU 
^ysieian  of  emiaont  repute,  to  whon    of  ao  spiritual  a  love  of  science  V'     f 


GoodI' 


1144.]  Rappaeeita't  Daughter.  «»> 

"  God  forbid,"  aaswered  (he  Profei-       Gouconli  retarned  to  bis  lod^ngs 

•or,  Bomewhatteatilj — "at  ieut.unleH  Mmewhtt  heated  nilh  the  wine  he  had 

they  take  sounder  vietva  of  the  healing  quaffed,  and  which  caused  hia  brain  to 

art  than  those  adcpted  by  Rappaccini.  swim  with  atiauge  fantasies  in  lefei' 

It  i*  his  theory,  that  all  tnedicinal  virtues  ence   to   Doctor   Rappaccini  and    the 

are  comprised  within  those  substances  bcauliful  Beatrice.     On  hia  way,  hap- 

whieh    we    term    Tegetable    poisons,  pening  to  pass  by  a  florist's,  he  bought 

These  be  cultivates  with  his  own  hands,  a  fresh  bouquet  of  flowers. 
and  is  said  oTen  to  have  produced  new         Ascending  to  his  chamber,  he  seated 

varieties  of  poison,  more  horribiy  dele-  himBcIf  near  the  window,  but  within 

teriona  tban   Natare,  without  the  aa-  the  shadow  thrown  by  the  depth  of  the 

■istance  uf  this  learned  person,  would  wall,  so  that  he  could  look  down  into 

ever   bave   plagued   the    world    with,  the  garden  with  little  risk  of  being  dis- 

Tbat  the  aig^oT  Doctor  does  less  mis-  covered.     All  beneath  bis  eye  waa  a 

diief  than   might   be   expected,   with  solitude.      The   strange    plants    were 

«aeb  dangerous  anbatancEa,  is  undenia-  baaking  in  the  aunahiue,  and  now  and 

bio.     Now  and  then,  it  must  be  owned,  then  nodding  gently  to  one  another,  *• 

he  haa  effected — or  seemed  to  effect — a  if  in  acknowledgment  of  aympalhy  and 

narvellona  cure.    But,  to  tell  yoa  my  kindred.    In  the  midst,  by  the  shatter* 

private    mind,    Signer    Giovanni,    he  ed  fountain,    graw    the     magnifioent 

abould  receive  little  credit  for  auch  in-  ahnb,  with  its  parple  gems  clusterinff 

■tanees  of  eaceess — they  being  proba-  all  over  it ;  they  glowe3  in  the  air,  ana 

biy  the  work  of  chancC'-but  shoald  be  gleamed  track  again  out  of  the  deptlw 

held  strictly  accountable  for  his  fail-  of  the  pool,  which  thus  aeemed  to  over- 

nres,  whioh  may  justly  be  considered  floir  with   colored  radiance  from   the 

hia  own  work."  rich  reflection  that  waa  ate^ied  in  it. 

The  youth  might  have  taken  BaglJo-  At  first,  as  we  have  said,  the  garden 

ni'i  opinions  with  many  grains  of  al-  waa   a  solitude.     Soon,  however, — aa 

lowance,  had  he  known  that  there  waa  Giovanni  had  half-hoped,  half-feared, 

a  profesaional  warfare  of  long  continn-  would  be  the  case, — a  tipire  appeared 

aiMe  between  him  and  Doctor  Kappae-  beneath  the  antiqno  sculptnred  portal, 

eioi,  in  which  the  latter  waa  generally  and  came  down  between  the  rows  of 

thought  tn  hsTC  gained  the  advantage,  plants,  inhaling  ibeir  various  per^mea. 

If  the  reader  be  inclined  to  judge  for  as  if  she  were  one  of  those  beings  of 

himaelf,  we  refer  him  to  certain  black-  old  classic  fable,  that  lived  upon  sweet 

letter  tracts  on  both  sides,  preserved  in  odura.     On  again  beholding  BeatricPt 

the  medical  departroeot  of  the  Univer-  the  young  man  waa  even  startled  to 

•ity  of  Padua.  perceive  how  much  bet  heanty  exceed' 

"I  know  not,  ntoBt  learned  Profea-  ed  bis  recollection  of  it ;  bo  brilliant,  to 
•or,"  retnmed  Giovanni,  after  musing  vivid  in  its  charaoter,  that  she  glowed 
on  what  had  been  aaid  of  Rappaceioi's  amid  the  sunlight,  and,  aa  Giovanni 
exclusive  zeal  for  science — "  I  know  whispered  to  himself,  positively  illa- 
not  how  dearly  this  physician  may  love  roinated  the  more  sbadowy  inter- 
bis  art ;  but  sorely  there  is  one  object  vala  of  the  garden  path.  Her  faae 
inore  dear  to  him.  Hehasadaoghter."  being  now  more  revealed  than  on  tfae 

"  Aha  1"  cries  the  Professor  with  a  former  occasion,  he  was  struck  by  its 
laugh.  ''So  now  our  friend  Giovan-  expression  (rfsimpliDity  and  sweetness ; 
ni'a  secret  is  out.  Yoa  have  heard  of  quslitiea  that  had  not  entered  into  his 
thia  daughter,  whom  aJl  the  young  men  idea  of  her  character,  and  which  made 
in  Padua  are  wild  about,  though  not  him  ask  anew,  what  manner  of  mortal 
half  a  doien  have  ever  had  the  good  she  might  be.  Nor  did  he  fail  again 
bap  to  see  her  face.  I  know  little  of  to  observe,  or  imagine,  an  analogy  be- 
the  Signora  Beatrice,  save  that  [tap-  tween  the  beantifiil  girl  and  the  got- 
paceini  is  said  to  have  instructed  her  geoas  shrub  that  hung  ita  gem-like  flow- 
deeply  is  hia  science,  and  that,  young  era  over  the  fountain ;  a  resemUanea 
and  beautiful  as  fame  reports  her,  she  which  Beatrice  seemed  to  have  in- 
ia  already  qualified  to  fill  a  profeasor'a  dulged  a  fantastii:  humor  in  hatghten- 
ebair.  Perchanee  her  &iher  destines  ing,  both  by  the  arrangement  of  her 
her  for  mine !  Ulher  absurd  rumors  dresa  and  the  seleotion  of  its  hues, 
there  be,  not  worth  talking  about,  or  Approaching  the  ahrnb,  she  threw 
liateoingto.  Sonow.Signor  Giovan-  open  her  arms,  b«  with  a  passionata  a»/~'^.^Q|p 
ni,  drink  off  your  glass  of  Laeryma."  dor,  and  drew  it»  branches  iotoan  inti^-J'-'^-^x'^ 


'fiSO                                     WriUttgt  of  Aubipme.  [Dee. 

mate  embrace  ;  bo  intimate,  that  het  ed  by  Beatrice,  and  lingered  in  the  air 

featnreB  were  hidden  in  its  leafy  boaoro,  and   flattered  about  hor  head.      Now 

and   her  glistening  ringlets   ail  inter-  here  it  could  not  be  but  that  GioTanni 

iDiogled  with  the  Howerg.  Guasconti's  eyes  deceived  him.     Be 

"  Give  methy  breath,  my  BJBter,"  ex-  that  as  it  might,  he  fancied  that  vhile 

claimed  Beatrice ;  "  for  I  am  faint  with  Beatrice  was  gazing  at  tbe  insect  with 

common  ait !  And  gWe  me  this  flower  childish  delight,  it  grew  faint  and  fell 

of  thine,  which  I  separate  with  gentlest  at  her  feel ! — its  bright  wings  shiTsred  t 

-Angers  from  the  etem,  and  place  it  close  it  was  dead  ! — from  no  causa  that  he 

'beside  my  heart."  could  discern,  unless  it  were  the  atmos- 

Wilh    these     words,    the    beautiful  phere  of  hei  breath.     Again  Beatrice 

-  daugliler  of  Rappaccini  plucked  one  of  crossed  herself  and  sighed  beavilj,  a* 

-^e  richest  blossoms  of  the  shrub,  and  she  bent  over  the  dead  insect. 

tynM  about  to  fasten  it  in  her  bosom.  An  impulsive  movement  of  Giovanni 

■But  now,  nnleas  Giovanni's  draughts  of  drew  her  eyes  to  the  nindow.     There 

"wioe had  bewildered  hiBsenses.aBingD-  she   beheld  the  beautiful  head  of  th« 

Isr  incident  occurred.     A  am  all  orange-  young  man — rather  a  Grecian  than  an 

colored  reptile  of  the  lizard  or  chame-  Italian  head,  with  fair,  regular  fealarea, 

]eoD  species,  chanced  to  be  cteeping  and  a  glistening  of  gold  among  bis 

alcmg  the  path,  juat  at  the  feet  of  Bea-  ringlet*— gazing  down  upon  her  like  ft 

trice.   It  appeared  to  Giovanni — bnt,  at  beingthat  hoveredinmid-air.  Scarcelj 

the  distance  from  which  he  gazed,  he  knowing  what  he  did,  Giovanni  ihrew 

could  scarcely  hare  seen  anything  so  down  the  bouquet  which  he  had  hitheito 

tninnte — it  appeared  to  him,  however,  held  in  his  hand. 

that  a  drop  or  two  of  moisture  from  the  "  Signora,"  said  be, "  there  are  pure 

broken  stem  of  the   Sower  descended  and  healthful  flowers.     Wear  them  for 

upon  the  lizard's  head.     For  an  instant,  the  sake  of  GioraQni  Gnasoonti  1" 

the  reptile  contorted  itself  violently,  and  "Thanks,  SigDoi,"  replied  Beatrice, 

then   lay  motionleaa  in   the   ennahine.  with  hei  rich  voice,  that  came  forth  as 

Beatrice  observed  thia  remarkable  phe-  ,  it  were  like  a  gush  of  music  ;  and  with 

nomenon,  and  crossed  herself,  sadly,  a  mirthful  expression  half  childish  and 

bnt  without  surprise  ;  nor  did  she  there-  half  woman-like.     "  I  accept  your  gift,                    | 

fore  hesitate  to  crrange  the  fatal  flower  and  would  fain  recompense  it  with  this 

in  her  bosom.     There  it  blaahed,  and_  precione  purple  Sower ;  bnt  if  I  toss  it 

almost  elimmered  with  the  dazzling'  into  the  air,  it  will  not  reach  yon.    So 

.effect  ofa  precious  stone,  adding  to  her  Signer  Guaseonti  must  erea  eanleat 
dreas  and  aspect  the  one  appropriate  himself  with  my  thanks." 
ohariD,  which  nothing  else  in  the  world  She  lifted  the  bouquet  from  tbe  grouncj, 
could  have  supplied.  Bnt  Giovanni,  and  then  as  if  inwardlyashamed  at  bar- 
out  of  the  shadow  of  bis  window  bent  ing  stepped  aside  from  her  matdentj  re- 
forward  and  shrank  back,  and  murmur-  serve  to  respond  to  asttanger'a  greeting, 
ed  and  trembled.  passed  swil^ly  homeward  through  the 
"Amiawakei  HavelmyseDBesI"  garden.  But,  few  as  the  momenta 
said  be  to  himself.  "  What  is  this  be-  were,  it  seemed  to  Giovanni  when  she 
ing^ — beautiful,  shall  I  call  herl — or  was  on  the  point  of  vanishing  beneath 
inexpreasibiy  terrible  1"  tbe  sculptured  portal,  that  his  beaDliTol 
Beatrice  now  strayed  carelessly  bouquet  was  already  beginning  to  withet 
through  the  garden,  approaching  closer  in  her  grasp.  It  was  an  idle  thought ; 
beneath  Giovanni's  window,  so  that  he  there  could  be  no  possibility  of  disun- 
was  compelled  to  thrust  his  head  qnite  guishing  a  faded  flower  ftom  a  Ireah 
out  of  its  concealment  in  order  to  gratify  one  at  so  greit  a  diatsnce. 
the  intense  and  painful  cnrioaity  which  For  many  days  after  tbe  incident,  the 
she  excited.  At  this  moment,  there  young  man  avoided  the  window  that 
oame  a  beautiful  insect  over  the  garden  looked  into  Doctor  Rappaccini'a  garden,  I 
wall;  il  had  perhaps  wandered  through  as  if  something  ugly  and  monatrooa  | 
the  city  and  found  no  flowers  nor  ver-  would  have  blasted  hia  eye-aight,  had 
dureamongthoaeantiquehauntaofmen,  he  been  betrayed  into  a  glance.  He  , 
until  tbe  heavy  perfumes  of  Doctor  Rap-  fell  conacious  of  having  put  himaelf,  to 
paccini's  sbruba  had  lured  it  from  afar,  a  certain  extent,  within  the  influence  of 
Without  alighting  on  the  flowers,  ibia  an  unintelligible  power,  by  the  oommii* 
winged  brightness  seemed  to  be  attract-  nication  which  he  had  opened  wUr-               I 

^lOOglC 


1844.]                                 RippaeeMt  Dmghttr.                                       SSI 

Beatriee.    The  wiMal  eoane  woold  It  vnt  BagIioni,whDiD  OioTinnili&d 

luiTe  beeo,  ithit  he&rt  ware  in  >nj  ml  AToided,  otct  since  their  firet  meeting, 

dftneer,  lo  quit  his  lodgings  and  Fadnft  from  a  doubt  that  the  pToressoT's  ■»> 

itBeFr,  at  once ;  Ihs  next  wiser,  to  have  gacitj  would  look  tno  deeply  into  his 

aocnstomed  himself,  as  far  aa  possible,  aecieta.     Endearoring  lo  recover  bint- 

to  the  ftuniliar  and  daj-light  view  of  self,  he  stared   forth  wildly  from  bis 

9e^rice ;  thoa  bringing  her  rigidly  and  inner   world   into  the  outer  one,  and 

aysteniaticall  7  within  the  limits  of  ordi-  spoke  like  a  man  in  a  dream: 

nar^  experience.     Least  of  atl,  while  "  Yea ;  1  am   Giovanni   Gaaseonti. 

-avoiding   her   sight,   should   Giovanni  Yon   are   Profeaaor   Pietro    Baglioni. 

have  remained  so  near  this  extraordina-  Now  let  me  pass !" 

TT  being,  that  the  piozimily  and  possi-  "  Not  yet — not  yet,  SignOr  Giovan- 

bility  even  of  intercourse,  should  give  a  ni    Gnaaconti,"    said    the    Professor, 

kiod  of  inbatance   and  reality  to  the  smiling,  bat  at  the  same  time  scruti- 


lan  riot  conlinnally  in  prodncing,  Gu-  glance. — "  What ;  did  I  grow  up  side 
Mconti  had  not  a  deep  hear1-H>r  at  all  by  side  with  your  faiher,  and  shall  his 
events,  its  depths  were  not  sounded  son  pass  ma  like  a  stranger,  in  Ihess 
now — but  he  had  a  quick  fancy,  and  an  old  etreeta  of  Fadua  I  Stand  still, 
Ardent  southent  temperameat,  which  Signor  Giovanni ;  for  we  must  have  a 
rose  everr  instant  to  a  higher  ferec-  word  or  two,  before  we  part." 
pitch.  Whaler  or  no  Beatrice  pes-  *'  Speedily,  then,  most  worshipful 
seased  those  terrible  attributes — that  Professor,  speedily  !"  said  Giovanni, 
fatal  breath — the  affinity  with  those  so  with  feverish  impatience.  "  Does  not 
beautiful  and  deadly  flowers — which  year  worship  see  that  I  am  tn  haste  t" 
were  indicated  by  what  Giovanni  had  Now,  while  he  was  speaking,  there 
viinessed,  she  bad  at  least  instilled  a  came  a  man  in  black  along  the  atreet, 
fierce  and  subtle  poiaon  into  his  system,  stooping  and  moving  feebly,  like  a  per- 
il was  not  love,  althoogh  her  riob  son  m  inferior  health.  His  face  was 
'beanly  was  a  madness  to  him ;  nor  hor-  all  overspread  with  a  most  sickly  and 
Tor,  even  while  he  fancied  her  spirit  to  aallow  hue,  but  yet  so  pervaded  with  an 
be  imbaed  with  the  same  banefnl  es-  expreasion  of  piercing  and  active  in- 
•encelhat seemedtDpervadeherphysi-  tellect,  that  an  observer  might  easily 
oal frame;  but  a  wild  oflepringof  both  have  overlooked  the  merely  physioal' 
lore  and  horror  that  had  each  parent  in  attributes,  and  have  seen  only  this 
it,  and  bnrned  like  one  and  shivered  like  wonderful  energy.  As  he  passed,  this 
tbe  other.  Giovanni  knew  not  what  to  peraon  exchanged  a  cold  and  distant 
dread;  still  less  did  he  know  what  to  salutation  with  Baglioni,  but  fixed  his 
liope  ;  hope  and  dread  kept  aeonlinnal  eyes  upon  Giovanni  with  an  intentneas 
warfare  in  bis  breast,  alternately  van-  that  seemed  to  bring  out  whatever  was 
quisling  one  another  and  starting  up  within  him  worthy  of  notice.  Nerer- 
afresh  to  renew  the  conteat.  Blessed  theless,  there  was  a  peculiar  quietness 
are  all  simple  emotions,  be  they  dark  or  in  tbe  look,  as  if  taking  merely  a  specO' 
bright !  It  is  the  lurid  intermixtnre  of  lative,  not  a  human  intereat,  in  the 
the  two  that  produces  the  illuminating  young  man. 
blazeof  the  infernal  regions.  "It  is  Doctor  Rappaccini !"  whi»- 

Sometimes  he  endeavered  to  assnage  pered  the  Frofeseor,  when  the  stranger 

the  fever  of  his  spirit  by  a  rapid  walk  had  passed. — "  Has  be  ever  seen  your 

thioQgh  thestreetsof  Padua,  or  beyond  tice  before  <" 

its  gates ;  his  footsteps  kepi  time  with  "  Not  that  1  know,"  answered  Gio- 

tbe  throbbings  of  his  brain,  so  that  the  vanni,  starting  at  the  name. 

vralk  was  apt  to  accelerate  itself  to  a  "  He  has  seen  you  ! — he  mnsl  bars 

-nee.     One  day,  he  found  himself  ar-  seen  you!"  said  Baglioni,  hastily.  "Foi 

rested ;  his  arm  was  eeized  by  a  portly  some  purpose  or  other,  this  man  of  soi- 

petsonage  who  had  turned  back  on  re-  ence   is   making   a   aindy   of  yon.     I 

cognizing    the    young  man,  and  ex-  know  that  look  of  his !     It  is  the  same 

pended  much  breath  in  overtaking  him.  that  coldly  illuminates  bis  face,  as  h« 

"Signer  Giovanni! — slay,  my  young  benda  over  a  bird,  a  monae,  or  abuiter- 
'friend  1"  eriedhe.  "  Have  you  forgot-  fly,  whicti,  in  pnrsuance  of  some  ex- 
'  ten  roe  1  That  might  well  M  the  case,  periment,  he  has  killed  by  the  perfat~  ~ 
it  I  were  as  much  altered  as  ymreelf."  of  a  flower ; — a  took  as  deep  as  nsti 


by  the  perfam* 

'•"''""'"Google 


us                                     Writiiigt  of  Aubipint.                                     [Dm.. 

itself,  bat  witfaoDt  nalnre's  wsnnth  of  pered  Idsabelta,  paUing  bar  hand  orer 

1i>*e.     Signer  Giovanni,  I  will  stake  nis  rooDth.     "  Yes  ;  into  the  worshipful 

my  life  opon  it,  tdu  are  the  sut^ecl  of  Doctoi's  garden,  wheie  yoa  maj  sen 

one  of  Rappaccini's  experiments  !"  all  his  iine  »hrubbei;.    Man;  a  jouog 

■■  Will  you  roaba   a   fool  of  me !"  man  in  Padna  would  siTe  gold  to  be 

cried  Gio?anni,  pasaiooaiely.    "  That,  admitted  among  those  lowers." 

Signor  Professor,  were  an  nnloward  Giovaani  put  a  piece  of  gold  ioto- 

ezperiroent."  her  hand. 

"  Patience,   patience  !"  replied  the  "  Show  me  the  waj,"  said  he. 

imperturbable  riofeasor. — "  I  tell  tbe«,  A  surmite,  probably  excited  b;  his 

my  poor  Giovanni,  that  Rappaccini  has  conreraation  with  Baglioni,  croaaed  bis 

a  scientific  interest  in  thee.    Thouhast  mind,  that    this  interposition  of  old 

fallen   inlo   fearful   hands  !      And  the  Liaabella  might  perchance  be  cooaeot- 

Signora   Beatrice  t     What   pait  does  od  with   ihe  intrigue,  whatever  wen 

she  act  in  this  mystery  V*  its   natare,  in    which    the    Piofessor 

But    Gnascooli,   finding    Baglioni's  seemed  to  snppose  that  Doctor  Rappao- 

pertinaeityintolBrabIe,here  broke  away,  cini  was  inTulring  him.     But   such  a 

And  was  gone  before  the    Professor  anapicion,  Ihongh  it  disturbed  Gioianoir 

could  again  seize  his  arm.     He  looked  was  inadequata  to  Tealraio  him.     The 

after  the  joong  man  intently,  and  shook  instant  he  was  aware  of  the  poasibilitj 

Ilia  bead.  of  approaching  Beatrice,  it  aeemed  an 

"  This  must  not  be,"  said  Baglioni  aboolulB  necessity  of  his  ezistenes  to 

to  himseir.    "  The  youth  is  the  sod  of  do  so.    It  matlereo  not  whether  she- 

jny  old  friend,  and  should  not  come  to  were  angel  or  demon  ;  he  was  irreTO- 

uy  harm  from  which  the  arcana  of  cably  within  her  sphere,  and  must  obey 

juedica!  science  can  preserve  him.    Be-  the  law  that  whirled  him  onward,  in 

aides,  it  ii  too  iosufierable  an  imperti-  ever  lessening  oiretes,  towards  a  result 

nenee  inRappaccini,  thus  to  analcs  the  which  he  did  not  attempt  to  foreshadow, 

bnd  Qol  of  my  own  hands,  as  I  may  And  yet,  strange  to  say,  there  came 

■ay,  and  make  use  of  him  for  bis  in-  across  bim  a  sudden  doubt,  whether 

femal  experiments.     This  daughter  of  this  intense  interest  on  his  part  ware 

his]    It  shall  be  looked  to.    Perchance,  not  delusory — whether  it  were  really 

moat  learned  Rappaccini,  1  may  foil  of  so  deep  and  positive  a  nature  a*  t» 

you  where  you  litue  dream  of  it  V"  justify  him  in  now  thrusting  himsslf 

Meanwhile,   Giovanni   had   pursued  into  an  incalculable  position — whether 

a  circuitoDs  route,  and  at  length  found  it   were  not  merely  the  fantasy   of  m 

himself  at  tbe  door  of  his'lodgings.  young  man's  brain,  onlvslightly,  ornot 

As  he  crossed  the  threahold,  he  was  at  all,  connected  with  his  heart', 

mel  bv  old  Lisabetta,  who  smirked  and  He   paused — hesitated — turned  half 

•milea,  and  was  evidently  desirous  to  about— ^ut  again  went  on.     His  with- 

Utract  his  attention  ;  vainly,  however,  ered  guide  led  him  aloni 


attract  his  attention  ;  vainly,  however,  ered  guide  led  him  along  aevenJ  ob- 

■s  the  ebnltition   of  his  feelings   bad  score   passages,   and   finally   undid   a 

momentarily  subsided  into  a  cold  and  door,  tbrough  which,  aa  it  waa  opened, 

doll  vacnit^.     He  turned  hia  eyes  full  there  came  the  sight  and  sound  of  msl- 

npoD  the  withered  face  that  was  pucker-  ling  leaves,  with  the  broken  sunshina 

ing  itaelf  into  a  smile,  hot  seemed  to  glimmeiing   among   them.      Giovanni 

behold  it  not.     Tbe  old  dame,  there-  stepped    forth,     and    forcing    hiowelf 

fiue,  laid  her  grasp  upon  his  oloat.  through  the  entanglement  of  a  shnib 

"  Signot ! — Signor  !"  whispered  she,  that  wreathed  its  tendrils  over  the  hid- 

still  with  asmile  over  the  whole  breadth  den  entrance,  he  stood  beneath  his  own 

of  her  visage,  so  tbat  it  looked  not  window,  in  tbe  open  area  of  Doctor 

lulike   a  grotesque  carving  in  wood,  Rappaccini'a  garden, 

darkened  by  centuries — "  Ltaten,  Sign-  How  often  is  it  the  case,  that,  when 

'  or!     There  is  a  private  eatrance  into  impoasibiJitiea  have  come  to  pass,  and 

(he  garden !"  dreams  have    condensed  their  miaty 

"  What  doyou  say !"  exclumed  Gi-  substance  into   tangible   realities,   we 

ovanni,  turning  quickly  abont,  as  if  an  find  ourselves  calm,  and   even  coldly 

inanimate  thing  ^ould  start  inlo  fever-  self-poaseased,     amid      circumstaoces 

ish   life. — "A   private   entrance    into  which  it  would  have  been  a  delirium  «r 

Doctor  Rappaecini's  garden  \"  joy  or  agony  to  anticipate !     FalA  d«- 

"  Hush !  bush !— not M  loud!"  whis-  lights  to  tbvrait  ua  thus.    Paasion  wil, 

Lioogic 


the  mjot 


1844.]                                 S^fpoeeinffs  Daugkttr.  U3 

okooM  his  owD  time  to  mah  vpon  tba  leavieg  bim  bUH  in  dovbt  by  wbat  sgni- 

•cene,  and  lingers  aluggiahly  bebiad,  oj  be  had  gained  admiltance.     Slie 

frhen   an    appropriats    adjuatment    of  oanie  lightly  aloag  the  path,  aod  met 

CTeeta  noold  eeem  to  •amMOD  hia  ap-  him  Dear  the  broken  foueiain.    There 

pesraDoe.     So  was  it  now  vith  Gio-  waa  aarpriae  in  bar  lace,  bnt  brigb(en- 

Tanni.     Day  after  day,  his  pulaea  had  ed   by  a  aimple  and  kind  expreaaionof 

diiobbed    with  fevertah  blood,  at   the  pleaaura. 

improbable  idea  of  an  inlerTiew  with  "  Yoa  are  a  connoiaaeur  in  dowen, 

Beatrice,  and  of   aianding   with   her,  Signer,"  aaid  Beatrice  with  a  amile,  al- 

ftee  to  face,  in  Ibta  Ter^  garden,  baak-  lading  to  the  bnnquet   wbioh   he   bad 

1 —  ;_  .kg  omental  euaBhme  of  her  beaa-  fluog  ber  from  the  window,     "  It  ia  no 

Bnaiching  from  ber  full  gaze  marTel,  therefore,  if  the  aight  of  my  fa- 

myatery  which  be  deemed  Ibe  rid-  tber'a  rare  collection  baa  tempted  yon 

die  of  bia  own  euitenee.     But  now  to  take  a  nearer  view.    If  he  werebere, 

Ibere  wa«  a  aingular  and  untimely  eqaa-  be  could  tell  you  many  strange  and  io- 

oimity  within  hia  breaat.     He  threw  a  tereating   facta   aa  to  iha  Datura  and 

glance  around  the  garden  to  diacoTer  habiia  of  ibeoe  abrabe,  for  be  baa  ap«nt 

tf  Beatrice  or  her  £tber  were  pieeent,  a  life-lioie  in  auoh  atudiea,aad  Ibia  gu- 

and  peroeiviDg  that  he  waa  alone,  be-  den  ii  hia  world." 

gan  a  critical  obaerration  of  the  plants.  "  And  yourself,  lady" — nfaeerred  Gi- 

Tbo  aapetft  of  oae  and  all  of  them  oianni — "  if  fame  aaya  true — yea,  lik*- 

diaaaiiafied  him ;    their   goreeousneea  wise,  are  deeply  akilled  in  the  rirtnes 

aeemedfieroe,  paaeionale,  andevenun-  indicated  by  these  rich  bloeaona,  and 

Batural.    There  waa  hardljr  ■!>  indi-  these  spicy  perfuines.  Would  yen  deign 

Tidnal  sbnib  wbieh  a  wanderer,  atray-  to  be  my  iflalructresa,  I  should  proro 

ing  by  bimaelf  through  a  foreet,  would  an  apler  scholar  than  under  Sigaoi 

not  l»Te  been  startled  to  find  growing  Bappaocini  biraaelf." 

wild,  aa  if  an  onearihly  face  had  glared  "  Are  there  such  idle  rimora  1"  adc- 

at  him  out  of  the  thicket.     Sevsral,  ed  Beatrioe,  with  the  moaic  of  a  pteaa- 

alao,  would  bave  ahooked   a   delicate  ant  laugh.     "  Do  people  say  that  I  am 

instinet  by  an  appeatanoe  of  artificial-  akilled  inmyfalher's  BoienceofplanlaT 

seas,  indicating  that  there  bad  been  What  a  Jest  ia  there !     No ;  thoogh  I 

ancb    commixtnTe,   and,   aa    it    were,  have  grown  up  among  theae  flowei>,  I 

adultery  of  Tsrioas  Tegetable  species,  know  no  more  of  Ihsm  tban  their  huea 

that  the  Droduction  waa  no  longer   of  and  perfume ;  and  aometimea,  methioks 

God's  mating,  but  the   monatrons  off-  1  would  fain  rid  myself  of  e«en  that 

■piing  of  man's  defiraTed  fency,  glow-  small  knowledge.     There  are  many 

ing  with  only  an  cTil  mockery  of  bean-  flowers  here,  and  ihoae  not  the  Imat 

ty.    They  were  probebly  the  result  of  brilliant,    thai  riioek  and  offend  me, 

experimsut,  which,  laone  or  two  casea,  when  they  meet  my  eye.     Bnt,  pray, 

bad  succeeded  in  miogliog  plaols  indi-  Signer,  do  not  believe  these  etoriea 

Tidnally   loiely  into  a  compound  pos-  about  my  acience.     BelicTe  nothing  of 

sesaing  tbs  questionable  and  ominona  me  aare  wbat  you  see  with  your  own 

character  thai  distiugoiahed  the  whole  eyes." 

growth  of  (be  garden.    Jn  fine,  Gio-  "  And  muat  I  beliere  all  that  I  bate 

Tsnni  recogniied    but    two   or    three  seen  with  my  own  eyes  V*  aded  Gto- 

Etants  in  the  collection,  and  those  of  a  vaoni  pointedly,  white  the  rectdlection 

iodtbat  hewell  knew  to  bepoiaanoue.  of  former   seeuea   made   him   shrink. 

White  buay  with  ibeae  cooiemplaiions,  "  No,  Signora,  yoa  demand  too  little 

he  beard  the  rustling  of  a  silken  gar-  of  me.    Bid  me  believe  nothing,  save 

ment,  and  turning,  beheld  Beslriee  em-  wbst  comes  from  year  own  lips." 

erging    from   beneath   the  sculptured  It  would  'PP^i^  that  Beatrice  nnder- 

portal.  stood   him.     There  came  a  deep  flnsh 

GioTamii   had  not   conaideied   with  to  ber  cheek  \  bnt  abe  looked  full  into 

himself  what  should  be  hia  department ;  Giovanni's  eyee,  and  responded  to  bis 

whether  he  should  apologize  for  bis  in-  gaze  of  uneasy  Buspieion  with*  qnees- 

truaioo  into  the  garden,  or  asanme  that  like  haughtiness. 

he  waa  (here  with  the  privity,  at  least,  "  1  do  so  bid  you,  Signor  I"  she  re- 

jf  Dot  the  desire  of  Doctor  R&ppaccini  plied.     "Forget    whatexer  you  may 

or  hia  daughter.     But  Beatrice's  man-  have  fancied  in  regard  to  me.     Iftra* 

ner  [dacM  him  at  hia  eaae,  though  to  the  outward  senses,  atill  it  may  ba^  ~- 


Google 


6M                                     Writingt  of  Auliptnt.  [Dm. 

&1m  in  its  easeDoa.     But  the  vraria  of  on\j  ntitneatnj  ;   the  effoet  of  ber 

Beatrice    Bappaccini's  lipB    ars  Itqb  character  waa  too  reftl,  not  to  maka  it- 

from  the  heart  outward.     Those  you  Belframiiiaratonce. 

mar  believe '."  In  this  fcee  iuterccnirse,  ther  bad 

A  ferTor  glowed  in  her  whole  aspect,  strayed  through  the  garden,  aod  now, 

and  beamed  upon  Giovanni's  conscioas-  after  many  turm  among  its  areoaea, 

nesH  like  the  light  of  truth  itself.     But  were  come  to  the  ahattered  fonntaio, 

while  she  spoke,  thers  was  a  fragrance  beside    which    grew    the   magnificent 

in  the  atmosphere  around  her,  rich  and  shrub  with  ite  tressorj  of  glowing  blos- 

delighlfnl,  though  eTBnescent,  yet  which  soms.     A  fragrance  was  diSiised  from 

tlie  young  man,  from  an  indefinable  re-  it,  whieh  Giovanni  recognized  as  iden- 

Inctance,  aoarcal^  dared  to  draw  into  tical  with  that  which  he  had  attributed 

bis  lungs.     It  might  be  the  odor  of  the  to  Beatrice's  breath,  but  incomparably 

floweia.    Could  ii  be  Beatrioe's  breath,  more  powerful.    As  her  eyes  fell  npon 

which  thus  embalmed  her  words  with  it,  Giovanni  beheld  her  press  her  hand 

a  strange  richness,  as  if  by  steeping  to  her  bosom,  as  'if  her  heart  w«ra 

tbem  ia  her  heart  t     A  faintneaa  pasS'  throbbing  suddenly  and  painfully. 

ed  like  ■  shadow  over  Giovanni,  and  "  For  the  first  time  in  my  life,"  mm< 

flitted   awav  ;     he    seemed    to    gaie  routed  ebe,  addressing  the  shrub,  *'I 

tbroughthen^utifolgiTraeyesinlohei  had  forgollen  thee  \" 

transparent  sool,  and  felt  no  more  doubt  "  1  remember,  Signora,"  said  GioTan- 

or  fter.  ni,  "  that  you  once  promised  to  reward 

The  tinge  of  passion  that  had  color-  me  with  one  of  these  liiqng  gama  for 

«d  Beatrioe'a  manoer  vanished ;  she  the  bouquet,  which  I  bad  th«  happ^ 

became  gay,  and  appeared  to  derive  a  holdnesa  to  fling  to  yonr  t^et.     Permit 

pure  deligbt  from  her  eommnnion  with  me  now  to  pluck  it  as  a  memorial  of 

the  youth,  not  unlike  what  the  maiden  ^ii  interview." 

of  a  lonely  island  might  have  felt,  eon-  He  made  a  step  towards  the  sbrab, 

rersieg  with  a  Torager  from  the  civil-  with   extended    hand.     But  Beatrice 

ixed  world.     Evidently  hei  ezperienoe  darted  forward,  ultering  a  shriek  that 

of  life  bad  been  cooGned  within  the  went  through  his  heart  like  a  dagger, 

limita  of  that  garden.     Bhe  talked  now  She  caught  his  hand,  and  drew  it  I»ek 

abont  matteraaaaimple  as  the  day-light  with  the  whole  force  of  her  slender  fig- 

or  summer-clouds,  and  now  asked  ques-  nte.    Giovanni  felt  bet  touch  thrillii^ 

tiona  in  reference  to  the  city,  or  Gio-  thro^h  his  fihrea. 

Tanni's  distant  home,  his  friends,  his  "  Touch  it  not !"  exclaimed  ibe,  in  a 

mother,  and  his  sisters  i  questions  indi-  TOtee  of  agony.     "  Not  for  thy  lift !    It 

«Bting  euch  seclosion,  and  such  lack  of  la  fatal !" 

familiarity  with  modes  and  forms,  that  Then,  biding  her  face,  she  fled  froia 

Giovanni  responded  as  if  to  an  infant,  him,  and  vanished  beneath  the  acolptai- 

Her  spirit  gushed  out  before  him  like  ed  portal.     As  Giovanni  followed  bei 

a  fresh  rill,  that  was  jnst  patching  its  with  hia  eyea,  he  beheld  the  emaciated 

first  glimpse  of  the  sunlight,  and  won-  figure  and  pale  inteUigence  of  Doctor 

dering  at  the  reflections  of  earth  and  Rappaccini,  who  had  been  watching 

akj  which  were  flnng  Ento  its  bosom,  the  scene,  he  knew  not  how  long,  with- 

There  came  thonghls,  too,  from  a  deep  in  the  shajiow  of  the  entrance. 

Bonrce,  and  fontaaias  of  a  gem-like  No  sooner  was  Gnasconti  alone  in 

brilliancy,  as  if  diamonds  and  rubies  hisofaamber,  than  the  image  of  Beatriea 

rkled  upward  among  the  bubbles  of  came  back  to  his  passionate  mndnga, 
fountain.  Ever  and  anoni  there  invested  with  all  the  witchery  that  had 
gleamed  across  the  young  man's  mind  been  gathering  aronnd  it  ever  miwe 
a  sense  of  wonder,  that  he  should  be  his  first  glimpse  of  her,  and  now  like- 
walking  side  by  side  with  the  being  who  wise  imbued  with  a  tender  warmth  of 
had  BO  wrought  opon  hie  imagination  girlish  womanhood.  She  was  boman : 
— whom  he  tud  idealiied  in  sucb  hues  her  nature  wasenduwedwith  all  geotlo 
of  terror — in  whom  he  had  positivelv  and  feminine  qualities ;  she  was  worth-  | 
witnessed  such  manifsstationa  of  dread-  ieet  to  be  worshipped;  aha  was  eapa- 
ftl  attribntes — that  he  should  be  eon-  bte,  auraly,  on  her  part,  of  the  hei^t 
tersing  with  Beatrice  like  a  brother,  and  heroism  of  love.  Those  lokeM, 
and  should  find  her  so  human  and  so  which  be  had  hitherto  considei«d  a* 
naiden-like.   But  such  reflaclioDs  ware  proofs  of  a  (ri^tfid  pecoltBJ'ity  in  Iw             , 

Cooglc 


1644.]                                 R^pacemft  Daughler.  5SB 

{Ayaicftl  mi  moral  ■ystem,  were  now  bis  chmmbar,  t-oi  eoho  and  Tererbento 

eitW  forgotten,  or,  b;  the  sabtle  lophis-  throughout     his      heart — "  GioTanoi ! 

try  of  pasMon,  transmuted  into  a  gold-  Giovanni !    Why  tarrieal  Iboo  1    Come 

«n  erowD'  of  Bnchantment,   rendering  down !" — And  down  he  hastened  into 

Beatrice  the  more  admirable,  by  so  that  Eden  of  poiaonoas  flowers, 

mnch  u   she  was   the   more   nniqne.  But,  with  all  (bis  intimate  famiiiari- 

WhalCTet  had  looked  uglj,  was  now  ty,  there  was  itill  a  resarre  in  Bea- 

beautiful ;  or,  if  incapable  of  aach  a  trice's  demeanor,  so  rigidly  and  inya- 

cfaange,  it  stole   aws;   and   hid   itself  tiably  snatained,  that  the  idea  of  in- 

among thoseshapeleashair-ideasiwbicb  fringing   it   scarcely   occurred   to   his 

throng  the  dim  region  beyond  the  day-  imagination.     By  all  appreciable  signs, 

light    af   onr    perfect    consciousneta.  they  laved  ;  they  had  looked  love,  with 

Thaa  did  Giovanni  spend  the  night,  nor  eyes  that  coaveyed  the   holy  secTflt 

fell  aaleep,  nntil  the  dawn  had  begun  to  from  the  depths  of  one  soul  into  tbv 

awake  the  Blumbering  floweti  in  Doc-  depths  of  the  other,  as  if  it  were  too 

tor  Rappaocini's  garden,   whither  his  aaored  to  be  whispered  by  the  way; 

dreams  doubtless  led  him.    Up  rose  the  they  had  even  spoken  love,  in  ihoaa 

ann  in  his  due  season,  and  flinging  his  gushes  of  passion  when  their  spirita 

beams  upon  the  young  man's  eyelids,  darted  forth  in  articulated  breath,  liko 

awoke  him  to  a  sense  of  pain.     Wben  tongues  of  long-hidden  flame  ;  and  yet 

tboroughly  aroused,  he  became  ecDsibla  there  had  been  no  seal  of  lips,  no  elaap 

of  a  burning  and  tingling  agony  in  hii  of  hands,  nor  any  slightest  carets,  sncn 

hand — in  his  right  hand — the  ver^  hand  as  love  claims  and  hallows.     He  had 

which  Beatrice  had  grasped  m  her  never    tonched  one  of  the  glsaming 

own,  when  he  was  on  the  point  of  ringlets  of  her  hair ;  facr  garment— so 

ptQcking  one  of  the  gem-like  flowers,  marked  was  the  physical  barrier  b*- 

On  the  back  of  that  hand  there  was  now  tween  them — had  never  been  waved 

■  pnrple  print,  like  that  of  four  small  against  him  by  a  breeie.     On  the  taw 

fingers,  and  the  likeness  of  a  slender  occasions  when  Giovanni  had  seeniod 

thumb  upon  hie  wrist.  tempted  to  overstep  the  limit,  Baatrieo 

Oh.  how  siabbomly  does  love — or  grew  ao  sad,  so  stern,  and  withal  won 

even  that  cunning  semblance  of  love  sueh  a  look  of  desolate  separatioD, 

which   flonriahea   in   tha   imagination,  shuddering  at  itself,  that  not  a  spoken 

bat  strikes  no  depth  of  root  into  the  word  waa  requisite  to  repel  him.     At 

heart — how  ainbboinly  does  it  hold  its  sneh  times,  he  was  startled  at  the  hor- 

tailh,  nntil  the  moment  come,  when  it  rible  suspicions  that  rose,  monater-like, 

JB  doomed  to  vanish  into  thin  miat !  out  of  the  eaTerna  of  his  heart,  and 

Giovanni  wrapt  a  handkerchief  aboat  stared  him  in  the  face  ;  his  love  grew 

his  head,  and  wondered  what  evil  thing  thin  and  Imint   as   the   morning-mist; 

had  sinng  him,  and  soon  forgot  his  pain  his  doubts  alone  had  anbatance.     Bot 

in  a  reverie  of  Beatrice.  when  Beatrice's  face  brightened  again, 

After  the   first  interview,  a  second  al\er  the  momentary  ahadow,  she  waa 

wBB  in  the  inevitable  coarse  of  what  transformed  at  once  from  the  myste- 

we  call  fate.     A  third  ;  a  fourth ;  and  rions,  qnestionable  being,  whom  he  had 

a  meeting  with  Beatrice  in  the  ^rden  watched  with  bo  much  awe  and  horror ; 

was  no  longer  an  incident  in  Gipvan-  she  was  now  the  beautiful   and  unao- 

ni's  daily  life,  hut  the  whole  space  in  phiaticated  girl,  whom  he  felt  that  his 

which  he  might  be  said  to  live  ;  for  spirit  knew  with  a  certainty  beyond  all 

the  anticipation   and   memory  of  that  other  knowledge, 

ecstatic  hour  made  up  the  remainder.  A  considerable  time  had  now  passed 

Nor  waa  it  otherwise  with  the  daughter  since  Giovanni's    last    meeting   with, 

of  Rappaccini.     She  watched  for  the  Baglioni.     One  morning,  however,  he 

youth'sappeaTance,and  Sewtohiseide  was  diaagieeably  surprised   by  a  viait 

with  confidBnce  aa  unreserved   as   if  from    the    Professor,    whom    he   had 

they  had  been  playmates   from  early  scarcely  thought  of  for  whole   weeks, 

infancy — aa  if  they  were  such   play-  and  would  willingly  have  forgotten  itill 

mates    still.      If,    by    any    unwonted  longer.     Given    up,   as   he   had   long 

chance,  he  failed  to  come  at  the  ap-  been,  to  a  pervading  eacitement,  he 

pointed  moment,  she  stood  beneath  the  oould  tolerate  no  companions,  except 


window,  and  sent  up  the  rich  sweet-    upon  condition  of  their  perfect  sym[M- 

ness  of  her  tones  to  float  aronnd  him  in    thy  with  his  present  state  of  feeling.  ^  ->  r 


OM                                       Wrilingt  tf  Auh^lne.  [Dm. 

Such  afrnpttby  w*«  not  to  be  ezpeelad  «f  AperfbiiM — tbebu«  idea  of  it — wtjr 

from  Profeudi  Baglioni.  Builp  be  miataken  tor  %  praaent  ic- 

The  liaitor  cbMted  coreleaBljr,  for  a  aliijr." 

few  iDMDeau.  about  the  gouip  of  tbe  "  Aye ;   bat   mj  aober  ima^inatian 

cit;  aod  the  Unitenity,  and  tben  took  does  eot  oHea  play  wich  trick^"  and 

up  another  topic-  Baglioni ;  "  and  were  I  to  fancy  any 

"  I  haTe  b^a  readiog  aa  old  cluaic  kiiid  of  ojor,  it  would  b«  ibat  of  aome 
aothor  lately,"  (aid  he,  "and  met  with  vite  apothecaty  drug,  wbetewith  mr 
ft  etory  that  Etrangely  inlerealed  me.  fingers  are  likely  eoougb  to  be  imbgeO- 
Poaubl;  yon  may  lemember  it.  It  is  Oui  woishipfiil  friend  Itappa«cbi,  a*  I 
of  an  Indian  prince,  who  tent  a  beauti-  baTe  heard,  tinclnree  hia  medicameala 
fhl  woman  as  a  preient  to  Alexander  with  odois  richer  than  thoae  of  Ai«by. 
the  Great.  Sbe  waa  aa  lovelj  a*  the  Doubtleaa,  likewise,  tbe  fair  and  lean- 
dawn,  and  gorgeoQs  as  the  sunset ;  hot  cd  Signora  Beatriee  would  ministei  to 
what  especially  distiagnished  hei  waa  her  paiieots  with  dianEfate  as  sweet  as 
a  certain  rich  perfome  in  her  brealh —  a  maiden's  breath.  Bnt  wo  to  him 
richer  than  a  garden  of  PersiaB  roacs.  that  sips  ihem  I" 
AleiaiHler,aa  was  natural  to  a  ;onthful  Gioiranai's  fitce  evinced  man j  co»- 
Mnqneior,  fell  in  loTe  at  fii«t  sight  tendiog  emotions.  Tho  lone  in  which 
with  this  magoificeDi  atraoger.  But  a  the  Frofessor  alluded  to  the  pare  a«d 
eertain  sage  physician,  happening  to  bs  lovely  daughter  of  Rapjaocini  waa  a 
present,  discovered  a  terrible  secret  in  lotture  to  his  soul ;  and  yet,  the  iad- 
legard  to  her."  mation  of  a-view  of  her  obancter,  op- 

"And  what  waa  Ihatl"  asked  Gio-  poeite  to  hia  own,  gave  instantaneoos 

vaani,  turning  his  eye*  downward  to  distinctness  to  a  thousand  dim  aum- 

avoid  those  of  the  Professor.  cioas,  which  now  giimted  at  him  like 

"  That  this  lovely  woman,"  eontinn-  so  many  demons.     Bat  he  strove  hard 

ed  ^«lioni,  with  emphasis,  "  had  been  to  qnell  them,  and  to  respond  to  Bagli- 

notmshed  with  poisons  from  ber  birth  oni  with  a  true  lover's  perfect  lailh. 

npward,  nntil  her  whole  naiare  waa  so  "  Signor  Profeasor,"  aaid  be,  "job 

imbaed  with  them,  that  she  herself  had  ware  my   father's  friewl — perchance, 

becnne  the  deadliest  poison  in  exist-  too,  it  is  your  purpose  to  act  a  frieadlj 

eoce.    Poison  waa  her  element  of  life,  part  towards  his  son.    I  would  fain  tea 

With  that  rich  perfume  of  her  breath,  nolhing  lovraids  von,  save  reepeet  and 

■be  blasted  the  very  air.     Her  love  deference.    But!  pray  you  to  observe, 

would   have   been   poison ! — her  em-  Signor,  that  there  is'  one  anl^eet   eo 

brace  death !     la  nol  Ihia  a  marrellotis  which  we  most  not  speak.     Yoa  know 

tale  V  not  the  Sigoora  Beatriea.    You  cannot, 

"A  childish  fable,"  answered  Gio-  therefore,    eslimale    the    wionK — tbe 

vanni,  nervously  siarting  from  his  chair,  blasphemy,  I  may  even  aay — tbat  is 

"1   marvel   how   your   worship    finds  oflered  to  her  obaracler  by  a  light  «r 

time  to  read   snoh  nonsense,  among  injurious  word."                      ^  . 

your  graver  studies."  "Giovanni! — ray  poor   Gioratmi!" 

"  By   the  by,"  said   the   Professor,  answered  the  Professor,  with  a  calm 

looking   uneaaily  about    him,   "  what  expression    of    pity,    "  I   know    this 

Mngolar  fragrance  is  this  in  your  apart-  wretched  girl  far  belter  than  yourself, 

ment  <     la   it  the    perfume  of   jour  Vou  ahall  hear  the  Inifa  in  leapeot  to 

gloves  1     It  is  faint,  but  delicious,  and  the  poisoner  Rappaecini,  aod  hja  poi- 

vet,  after  all,  by  no  means  agreeable,  sonous  daughter.    Yes;  pojsonoua  a> 

Were  I  to  breithe  it  long,  methinki  it  sbe   is   beautiful '.     Listen ;    fur  even 

would   mske   me   ilL     It   is   like   the  should    you   do    violeDce  to    my  grey 

breath  of  a  Sower — but  I  see  do  flow-  hair*,  it  shall  not  eilence  me.    That  oM 

•ra  in  the  chamber."  fable  of  the  Indian  woman  has  becoaa 

"  Nor  are  there  any,"  replied  Giu-  a  truth,  by  the  deep  and  deadly  seienoe 

Ttnni,  who  had  turned    pale  aa  the  of  Rapraocini,  andin  the  person  of  iho 

Professor    spoke;    "nor,    I   think,   is  lovely  Beatrice !" 

there  any  fragrance,  except  in  your  Giovanni  groaned  and  hid  his  face. 

worship's   imagination.     Odors,  beisg  "  Her    father,"   coatinoed  Bagliflni, 

a  sort  of  element  combined  of  the  sen-  "  was  not  restrained  by  natural  aflee- 

■ualand  thespiritual,areaptto  deceive  tion  from  oflering  up  his  child,  in  thts                i 

na  in  tbia  manner.    The  recollection  horrible  manner,  as  the  vielim  of  hu-ift>             j 

LrOOglC 


1844.]  JZanwcdM"*  DtmgkUr.  UT 

«siie  vhI  for  •«ieiiea.    For — let  ua  do  ed  in  hsr  graap,  Mid  tha  ioiaet  OaX 

him  juelica — he  ia  as  true  a  man  of  peiiabed  umd  ue  annn j  air,  by  no  o»> 

Bcience  aa  ever  diatilled  hi*  own  hsart  teuaible  tgtaej,  aava  the  fragnae*  of 

in  an  alembie.    What,  than,  viU  ba  her  breUh.   Tbeaa  inoidentai  howa* ar, 

yooT  fata !    Bayood  a  doubt,  you  aia  diMoUiDg  in  tba  pai«  light  of  bar  oh»- 

wleatad  la  the  matatial  of  aocoa  new  raetar,  tud  no  langar  tha  affioaa^  oC 

«xperiii)enl.    Peibapa  the  result  ia  to  factfli  bat  were  acknowledged  aa  mis- 

ba  death — perhapa  a  fata  mora  awful  taken  fantaaiea,  by  whatoTer  taatimonj 

atill !    Raf^aacuii,  wiUi  what  ha  calla  of  the  aentea  iher  might  appear  to  ba 

the  intereat  of  acienea  before  his  ejea,  anbatantiated.      There    ia    aometliiiig 

will  heaitate  at  nothing."  traer  and  more  real,  thui  what  we  can 

"  It  is  a  drsan  1"  nattered  GioTanni  aee  with  the  e^ea,  and  toaeh  with  th« 

to  bimHlf,  "  aorelr  it  ia  a  dcAam  1"  fiiigBr.     On  aooh  better  eiideoee,  bad 

"  But,"  reaumed  the  profeeaor,  "  be  fiioTanni   fouodad   hia   eonfidenoe   in 

of  good  cheer,  aon  of  my  friend !     It  ia  Beatrioe,  ihoag-h  rather  bj  the  necas- 

not  yet  too  late  for  the  caacue.     foa-  aary  force  of  her  high  atttibaUa,  thaa 

aibhr,  we  maj^  eTea  anceeed  in  bringing  by  any  deep  and  generooa  hitfa,  oa  hia 

baok  tbia  miaarable  child  within  the  part.     Bnl,  now,  hia  ntirit  waa  inoa- 

limita  of  ardittary  nature,  from  wbi^  pable  of  auataining  ilaelf  at  the  hel^it 

bar  fatfaei'a  madaeaa  haa  eatianged  her.  to  which  the  early  enthoaiaaiii  of  pa»> 

Behold  thia  little  aitver  vaae!    It  waa  sion  had  exalted  it ;  he  fell  down,  gror- 

WTOaght  by  the  handa  of  the  renowned  elliag  among  earthly  donbta,  and  defiled 

Benrenato  Cellini,  and  ia  i«el]  worthy  therewith  the  pare  whiteoeai  of  Bea> 

10  be  a  loTB-gift  to  the  fairest  dame  ia  trioe'a  image.     Not  that  he  gave  kei 

Italy.    But  its  contents  ate  infaluable.  up ;  he  did  bat  distmat.     He  resolved 

One  little  aip   of  thia  anlidole   would  to   inalitnta   some    deciaire    teat    that 

have  rendered  the  moat  Tirulent  poisons  should  aatiafy  him,  ones  for  all,  whether 

of  the  Borgiaa  ianocuona.     Doubt  not  there  were  those  dreadful  peculiaritias 

that  it  wiU  ba  aa  efflcacioua  against  in  her  physical  nature,  which  could  not 

those  of  Rappaccini,    Bestow  the  rase,  be  supposed  to  exist  without  some  cor- 

and  the   precious  liquid  within  it,  on  teaponding  monatrosity  of  soat.     Hi* 

your  Beatrice,  and  hopefully  await  tha  eyes,  gaEingdown  afar,  might  hsTeda- 

resolt."  ceifed  him  aa  to  the  lisard,  the  ineee^ 

Baglioni    laid   a   amsll,    exquisitely  and   the    flowers.      But  if    ha   could 

irrought  silrer  phial  on  the  table,  and  witness,  at  ihe  distance  of  a  fewpacea, 

withdrew,  leaTtog  what  he  had  ssjd  to  the  sudden  blight  of  one   fresh   and 

produce  its  effect  upon  the  young  iDSii'a  healthful   flower   in    Beatrice's    hand, 

mind.  there  wontd   be   room  fur  no  farther 

"  We  will  thwart  Rappaccini  yel !"  queatian.     With  thia  idea,  he  haalened 

thought  he,  chuckling  to  himself,  as  be  to  the  florist's,  and  purchased  a  bouquet 

descended   the   stairs.     "  But,   let   ua  that  waa  still  gemmed  with  the  mom- 

confess  the  truth  of  him,  he  is  a  won-  ing  dew-drops. 

Jarful  man ! — a  wondetlul  man  indeed  !        li  was  now  the  castomary  hoar  of 

A  vile  empiric,  however,  in  his  praO'  his  daily  interview  wilh  Beatrice.    Be- 

tice,  and  therefore  not  to  be  tolerated  fore  descending  into  the  gardea,  Gio* 

by  those  wbo  respect   the  good   old  vanni  failed  not  to  look  at  his  figure  in 

rules  of  the  medical  profession  !"  the  mirror  ;  a  vanity  to  be  expected  ia 

Tbroughoat   Giovanni'a  whole   ae-  a  beautiful  young  man,  yet,  as  diaplsy- 

ijaaintanee  with  Beatrice,  he  had  oeca-  ing  itself  at  that  troubled  and  reverisk 

aionally,  aa  we  have  said,  been  haunted  moment,  the  token  of  a  certain  shalloir- 

by  dark  surmises  aa  to  her  character,  neas  of  feelbg  and  insincerity  of  oha- 

Yet,  so  thoroughly  had  she  made  her-  racter.     He  did  gaze,  however,  and 

self  fell  by  him  as  a  simple,  natural,  said  to  himself,  thai  his  features  had 

most  affectionate  and  guileless  ereainre,  never  before  possessed  so  rich  a  grace, 

that  the  ima^e  now  held  up  by  Profee-  nor  his  eyes  such   vivacity,   nor  bis 

sor  Bagiioni,  looked   as  strange   and  cheeks  eo  warm  a  hae  of  superabon- 

ineredible,  as  If  it  were  not  in  acoor-  dantlife. 

dance   with    hia    own    original    coo-        "  At  least,"  thought  he,  "  her  poisoa 

ception.     True,  there    were  ngly   re-  haa  not   yet  insinuated  itaelf  into  my 

collections    connected   with    his    first  system.     I  am  no  flower  to  periah  in       ^^  . 

glimpses  of  the  beautiful  girl;  he  could  her  gtasp  !"  C  lOOO  Ic 

not  quit*  forget  the  bonqnet  that  wither^        With  that  thought,  b»  toned  hia  ayia    ^-^  ^  ^^Q  ^ 


58*    .                                  Writmgi  »f  AtOi^me.  [Dee. 

•n  tbe  boaquet,  which   he  had  nsvet  nitaealed  from  ila  d^lht,  tad  made  riri- 

«iiee  Imid  maide  fn«  his  band-     A  thriU  ble  in  iw  tnaapmxtncj   to   hi*  meoul 

of  indefioabla  horror  ahol  Uiraagh  bis  eje  ;  recotlectioiiB  which,  had  GioraO' 

frame,  on  perceiriD^  that  Iboee  deiry  ni  known  how  to  estimate  them,  woald 

flewera    weie    alr^dj    begioning    to  hars  aasored    him   that  all  this    nglj' 

droop;  they  wore  the Mpeel  of  tbioga  mjsterjwasbotaiieuthljillasiaD.uid 

tbkt  had  bMD  freab  and  loTsly,  jester-  tiat,  whaterermut  of  evil  might  seem 

day.     Giorami  new  white  a*  marble,  to   hare   gathered  orer  her,    (he  leal 

and  atood  motioiueaa  befoTe  the  mirror,  Beatrice  was  a  beairen)]'  angel.     loca- 

stariag  at  bi*  own  reflectioo  there,  as  pable  as  he  was  of  sach  high  faith,  still 

at  ibe  likeness  of  somethiag  fiigfalfiil.  her  presence  had  not  otteiiy  loet  ila 

He    rememberod    Bagliooi's     T«iiark  magic.     GioTanni's   rage  was  quelled 

aboot  tb«  &«giaace  that  seemed  to  per-  into  an  aspect  of  sullen  inBenaibilitj. 

Tade  the-ehuiber.     It  nasi  ba*e  b«eii  Beatrice,  with  a  quick  spltitnal  sense, 

the   poisoa  in    bis  breath  [     Then   he  immediatelj  felt  that  there  was  a  golf 

ahnddered"  ahnddered  at  himself  I    Re-  of  blackness  between  tbem,wliichiieith- 

earering  fiem  bis  sinpoT,  he  began  to  er  be  dot  she  eoold  pass.    They  walk- 

wateb,  with  cBiims  eye,  a  spider  that  ed  on  together,  sad  and  silent,  and  eame 

was  bnsily  at  work,  hraging  its  web  thaa  to  the  marble  foontain,  and  to  ita 

fian  the  antiqne  eotaiee  of  the  apart-  pool  of  water  on  the  ground,  in  the 

ment,  cioiaing  and  re-eroating  the  art-  midat  of  which  grew  tbe  thnib  that 

fal  ^st«D  of  interworen  Unes,  aa  Tig-  bore  gem-like  blossoms.    Gioianni  wa* 

menu  and  acti*a  a  spider  as  ever  dan-  affrighted  at  tbe  eager  enjoyment — the 

gled  fTomanoldoeiliog.  GioTanni  bent  a{^tiie,  as  it  were — with  which  be 

tawaids  tbe  insect,  and  emitted  a  deep,  found  himaelf  ;nh»1ing  the  fragiancv  of 

long  breath.  The  spider  saddenly  eeas-  the  flowerc. 

cdustoil;  thewebiibrated  withatre-  "Beatrice,"    asked    he     dvaplly, 

mor  originating  ia  tbe  body  of  the  small  "  whence  came  this  shrnb  1" 

artisan.     Again  Giovanni  sent  forth  a  "  Mtr  father   created    it,"  answered 

breath,  deeper,  longer,  and  imbued  witii  aha,  with  simplicity, 

a  Tenomoas  feeling  out  of  hia  heart ;  "  Created  it !   created  it !"  repeated 

he  knew  not  whether  he  were  wicked  Giovanni.  "What  mean  joa,  Beatrice  1" 

oi  only  desperate.     The  spider  made  a  "  He  is  a  man  fearfully  acquainted 

eonTulaive  gripe  with  his  limbs,  and  with  Uke  secteia  of  nature,"  replied 

hong  dead  across  the  window.  Beatrice;    "and,  at  the  hoar  when  I 

"  Accnned  !    Accursed  1"   mnttered  first  drew  breath,  this  plant  apnng  from 

GtoTanni,  addressing  himaelf.     "Hast  tbe  soil,  the  offspring  of  his  seienee,  of 

thoa  grown  aopoiaoDOUS,  that  this  dead-  his  intellect,  while  I  was  bnl  his  earthly 

Ij  insect  perishes  by  thy  hreatfa  1"  child.     "Approach  it  not !"  continned 

At  that  moment,  a  rich,  sweet  voice  the,  observing  with  terror  that  Giovanni 

eame  floating  up  from  the  garden  : —  was  drawing  nearer  to  the  ahrab.    "  It 

"  GiavaDDi !    Giovanni '.     It   ia  past  has  qcalilies  that  yon  little  dreara  of. 

the  hoar!     Why  tarriest  thon !     Come  Bat  1,  deaieal  Gioranni, — I  grew  op 

down !"  and  bloeMcned  with  the  plant,  and  iras 

"Yes,"    mnttered    Giovanni   again,  nourished  with  ita  breath.     It  was  my 

"  She  ia  the  only  being  whom  my  breath  aisiec,  and  I  loved  it  with  a  human  af- 

mar  not  slay!    Would  that  it  might !"  fection:  for — ^as!  hast  thou  notsuB- 

He  mshed  down,  and  In  an  instant,  pectedit!  there  waa an  awfol  doom." 
wai  standing  before  the  bright  and  lev-  Here  Giovanni  frowned  an  darkly 
ing  eyes  of  Beatrice.  A  moment  ago,  npon  her  that  Beatrice  paused  and 
hi*  wrath  and  despair  had  been  ao  fierce  trembled.  But  her  faith  in  his  tender- 
that  he  could  have  desired  nothing  so  neeare-asanredber,  and  made  her  Uoah 
roneh  as  to  wither  bet  by  a  glance,  that  she  had  doubted  for  an  instant. 
But,  with  her  actual  presence,  there  "There  waa  an  awful  doom,"  ahe 
cams  inSnencea  which  had  too  real  an  continued, — "  the  effect  of  my  fkther'a 
existence  to  be  at  once  ehaken  off ;  re-  fatal  love  of  science — which  estranged 
collections  of  the  delicate  and  benign  me  from  all  society  of  any  kind.  Until 
power  of  hor  feminine  nature,  which  Heaven  aent  thee,  dearest  Giovanni, 
bad  eo  often   enveloped  him  in  a  reli-  Oh!  howlonely  wasthy  poor  Beatrice!" 

e'eus  calm  ;    recollections  of  many  a  "  Was  it  a  hard  doom  V  asked  Gi»> 

ily   and    paaiionate    oulgush   of  her  vanni,  fixing  his  eyes  cpon  her.       y~-                 t- 

beift,  when  the  pain  fountain  bad  been  "Only  of  late  have  I  known  MvOOQIC 


18U.]                   ^             S^tpaeeme*  Davgkttr.  IW 

bud  it  wu,"  iDawared  ahe  Mndeily.  of  tha  food  [vomiaed  bj  the  flowet- 

"  Oh,  ;m  ;  bnt  my  heart  was  lorptd,  odon  of  the  fuai  gudeo.    They  cir- 

■nd  tbeiefore  quiet."  cled  round  Giovanni'*  head,  and  wen 

Giovanni'i  rage  broke  forlh  from  hia  evidently  attracted  towards  him  by  ths 

BuUen  gloom  like  a  ligbtniog-flash  out  same  ioBuenoe  which  had  drawn  them, 

of  a  dark  claud.  for  an   instant,  wilbin  the   spher«   of 

"Accursed  one!"  cried  he,  withTBOo-  seieral  of  the  ahiabe.     He  aent  forth 

mouB  Bcom  and  anger.     **  And  finding  a  breath  among  them,  and  smiled  bit- 

thy  solitude  weari*ome,thouha8t8eTer-  terly  at  Beatrice,  as  at  least  a  score  of 

ed  me,  likewise,  from  all  the  warmth  of  the  insects  fell  dead  upon  the  groand. 

life,  and  enticed  me  into  thy  region  of  "I  see  it  I    I  see  it !"  shrieked  Be- 

nnspeaJiable  horror!"  atrice.     "It  is  my  fiilher'a  falal  sci- 

"GioTanni!"    exclaimed  Beatrice,  eneel    No,  no,  Gioranni;  it  was  not 

Inming  her  large  bright  eyes  upon  hia  I!     Nerer,  never!     I   dreamed   only 

face.    The  force  of  his  words  had  not  to  Iotb  thee,  and  be  with  thee  a  littto 

found  its  way  into  her  mind  ;  she  was  time,  and  so  to  let  thee   pasa  away, 

merely  wonder-siruck.  leavitig  but  thine  image  in  mine  heart. 

"Yes,  poisoDoua  thing!"  repeated  For,  Gioranni — believe  it — though  my 

Giovanni,  beside  himself  with  paaaion.  body   be   nourished   with   poison,   my 

"  Thou  hast  done  it !  Thou  haat  blasted  spirit  is  God's  creature,  and  craves 

me!    Thou  haat  Clled  my  veins  with  love  as  its  daily  food.     But  my  father  I 

poison !  Thoa  hast  made  me  as  hateful,  — he  has  united  ne  in  this  fearful  sym- 

asDglj,  asloalhsome  and  deadly  acrea-  pathy.     Yea;  spurn  me! — tread  upon 

ture  as  thyself, — a  world's  wonder  of  me ! — kill  me !      Oh,  what  is  death, 

hideous    monslroaily !      Now — if    onr  after  aach  words  sa  thine  1     Butitwaa 

breath  be  happily  as  fatal  to  oureelvea  not  I !     Nut  for  a  world  of  blias  wovld 

as  to  all  others — let  us  join  our  lips  in  I  have  done  it!" 

one  kiss  of  unutterable  haired,  and  so  Giovanni's  passion   had    eshanated 

die!"  itself   in  its  outburst  from  hie  lips. 

"  What  has  befallen  me  1"  murmured  There  now  osme  acrose  him  a  sense, 

Beatrice,  with  a  low  moan  out  of  her  mournful,  and  not  without  tenderness, 

heart.     "  Uotj  Virgin  pitj  me,  a  poor  of  the  intimate  and  peculiar  relalion- 

heart-broken  child  I"  ship  between    Beatrice  and  himeelf. 

"Thoa  !  DoBtlbou  pray '"cried  Gio-  Tbey  stood,  aa  it  were,  in  an  utter  soli- 

Tanni,  still  with  the  same  fiendish  scorn,  tnde,  which  would  be  made  none  llie 

"Thy  very  prayers,    as  they    come  less  solitary  by  the  densest  throng  of 

from  thy  lips,  taint  the  atnfosphere  with  human    life.      Ought    not,    theni   the 

death.    Yes,  yes  ;  let  usprey !  Letns  desert  of  hnmaDity  around    them  to 

to  church,  and  dip  our  fingers  in  the  press  Ibis  insulated  pairolosetogetberl 

holy  water  at  the  portal  l   They  that  If  tbey  ahoatd  be  cruel  to  one  another, 

come  after  us  will  perish  as  by  a  pesti-  who  was  there  to  be  kind  to  theml 

lence.     Let  un  sign  orosses  in  the  air  1  Beaides,  thought  Giovanni,  might  iher* 

It  will  be  scattering  caises  abroad  in  not   elill   be  a  hope  of  his   reluming 

the  likeness  of  holy  symbols !"  within  the  limits  of  ordinary   nature, 

"Giovanni,"   said  Beatrice   calmly,  and   leading   Beatrice — the   redeemed 

for  her  grief  was  beyond  passion,  "why  Beatrice — by   the   handl     Oh,  weak, 

dost  thou  join  thyself  with  me  thus  in  and  selfish,  and  unworthy  spirit,  that 

tiiose  terrible  words  *   I,  it  is  true,  am  could  dream  of  an  earthly  nniDD  and 

the  horrible  thing  thou  namest  me.    But  earthly   happinesa    as    possible,   after 

thou ! — what  hast  thou  to  do,  aave  with  such   deep  Jove   had  been   so  bitterly 

eneolber shudderstmyhideousiDtsery,  wronged    as  was   Beatrice's  love   by 

to  go  forth  outaf  the  garden  and  mingle  Giovanni's  blighting  words  !     No,  no; 

with  thy  race,  and  forget  that  there  ever  there   could   be   no  such   hope.     She 

crawled  on  earth  such  a  monster  as  mnsi  pass  heavily,  with  that  broken 

poor  Beatrice  I"  heart,  across   the   borders — she   must 

"  Dost  thoa  pretend  ignorancel"  ask-  bathe  her  hurts  in  some  fount  of  ^ra- 

ed  Giovanni,  scowling  upon  her.    "  Be-  disc,  and  forget  her  grief  in  the  light  of 

bold !   This  power  have  I  gained  from  immoriality — and  thert  be  well ! 

the  pure  daughter  of  Rappacini  I"  But  Giovanni  did  not  know  it. 

There  was  a  swarm  of  suramer-in-  "Dear  Beatrice,"  said  he,  approach-        ,,                 . 

sects  fliuing  through  the  air,  in  search  ing  her,  while  she  ahraok  away,  as  b1<    (  lOOQ  Ic 


Writmgi  of  Aui^mu. 

o  all  b«iid«s  1 ' 

oai  fftt«  Is  not  yet  bo  deaperste.    Ba-  "  My  father,"  Mid  Bauno»,  fe^y— 

hold !    There  U  »  medieine,  pol«nt,  «•  and  Mill,  m  ehe  tpoke,  tht  kept  nor 

k  wiH  ph^eicUn  bai  auQied  nw,  and  hand  apMi  hei  heuv— **  wherefore  didet 

•iBOetoinBainitseffioaoy.    itiaoom-  thoa  infliot  thia  miMtsble  doom  npon 

pMod  of  iogiedienta  the  moat  opponte  thj  child  1 " 

to  tboM  by  wfaiefa  thy  awftil  fktbei  hu  *'  HiMtabte ! "  excUinMd  Sa^tseci- 

braughtthieoalRmityopoR  thee  and  in».  ni.    "Whst  meui  yoa,  foolish  eirlt 

It  i*  diitiUed  of  Ueaaed  heifae.    Shalt  Dost  thoa  daem  it  miaery  to  be  enSow- 

we  not  qnaff  it  together,  and  thoa  be  ed  with  marrelloiia  gifta,  againat  which 

parified  from  eril  1 "  no  power  nor  eirenffth  eonjd  avail  aa 

"  Give  it  me  !"  uid  Bealrioe,  extend-  eaam^  t  Utaary,  toM  abla  to  qneU  tb« 

IKK  her  hand  to  raceive  the  little  ailvei  mightieat  with  a  braadit  Hiaery,  to 

phial  which  GioTanni  took  from  his  bo-  be  ai  lerriUa  as  ttwa  art  boaDtifal  T 

BOB.    Sha  addod,  with  a  peonHar  em-  Wooldsi  thou,  Ihaa,  have  preferred  tbo 

pbaaia ;  "  I  will  drink — but  do  thou  condition  of  a  weak  woman,  expoasd 

await  die  reaalt."  to  all  aril,  and  capable  of  none !" 

She  pat  Baglioni's  antidote  to  hei  "  I  wonld  fain  have  been  loved,  not 

lip* ;  and,  at   the   aame   moment,  the  feared,"   murmared   Beatrice,   siakio^ 

fignia  of  Happaccini  emerged  from  the  down  upon  the  gioond. — "  Bat  now  it 

porl^,  and  eame  slowly  towards  the  matters  not ;  I  am  going,  father,  whera 

marble  fountain.    As  he  drew  near,  the  the  evil,  which  thoo  haat  atriven  to  min- 

pate  man  of  scieoca  aeemed  to  gaze  gle  with  my  being,  will  peas  away  lika 

with  a  triumphant   expression   at  the  a  dreatn — like  the  fragranoe  of  these 

beautifal  youth  and  maiden,  as  might  poisonooa  IIowstb,  which  will  do  longer 

an  artiat  who  should  spend  his  life  in  taint   my   braath    among  the   dowers 

achieving  a  picture  or  a  group  of  alatu-  of  Eden.      Farewell,  Giovanoi!   Thy 

ary,and  fioally  be  satisfied  with  his  bur-  worda  of  hatred  are  like  lead  within  my 

cess.     He  paused — hia  bent  form  greiv  heart — bat  they,  too,  will  liill  away  a« 

erect  with  conscious  power,  he  spread  I  ascend.     Oh,  was  there  not,  from  the 

out  hia  hand  over  them,  in  the  atiitnde  first,  more  poison  in  thy  natore  than  in 

of  a  father  imploring  a  blesBiDg  upon  mineV 

hia  cbtldrflo.    But  th(^  vrere  tl»  same  To  Beatrice — eo  radically  had  her 

hands  that  had  thrown  poison  into  the  earthly  part  been  wroaght  npon  by  Rap> 

stream  of  dieir lives!     Giovanni  trem-  paccini'a  skill — as  poison  bad  been  lire, 

bled.     Beatrice   ahnddsred  nervoosty,  so   the   powerfhl   antidote  was  death, 

and  pressed  her  hand  upon  her  heart.  And  thus  the  poor  victim  of  mui's  in- 

"  My   danghter,"   said    Bappsocini,  genuity  and  of  thwarted  nature,  and  oF 

"  thou  art  no  longer  lonely  in  the  world  !  the  fatality  that  attenda  all  such  eAbrta 

Pluck  one  of  those  prsoiona  gema  from  of  perverted  wisdom,  perished  there,  at 

thy  sister  shrnb,  and  bid  thy  bridegroom  the  feet  of  her  &lher  and  Giovanni, 

wear  it  in  hia  bosom.    It  wiH  not  harm  Juat  at  that  moment,  Profsssor  Pietro 

him  now  1  My  acience,  and  the  sympa-  Baglioni  looked  forth  from  the  window, 

thy   between   thee   and   him,-have   ao  and  called  loudly,  in  a  tone  of  triumph 

Wionght  within  hia  aystem,  that  he  now  mixed  with   horror,   to   the  thuadei- 

■tands  apart  from  common  men,  as  thou  attickeu  man  of  fcienoe : 

dost,  daughter  of  my  prideand  trinmph,  "  Kappaocini!    Rappaocioi!    And  ia 

frmn  orduiaiy  women.    Paaa  on,  then,  thU  the  upshot  of  your  experiment !  '* 


lizcdbyGoOl^Ic 


HARRO  EARRING ;  A  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCH. 

■T    ALIXANDKB  B.    IVBRBTT. 


Harro  proceeded  proipeToasly  on  hia  quet  web  given  on  the  occuion  at  b 
Journey  unlit  he  reached  Kaliah,  the  hotel  in  the  aubnrba  Dear  the  rains  of 
froDtier  town  of  Poland,  on  the  road  Praga.  Three  days  sfler  his  aniv^ 
fiom  Saionj  to  Warsaw.  Poland  was,  at  Warsaw,  Harro  was  presentsd  to 
at  thia  time,  under  the  government  of  the  Grand  Buke  Constantine  on  (h« 
the  Grand  Dolce  Constaotine  of  Rnssia  parade  BtlheearlThanT  of  four  o'clockin 
as  Viceroj.  7t  was  known  that  there  the  morning.  He  describes  the  cere- 
was  great  discontent  among  the  people,  monv  in  the  fallowing  tenni  : 
and  a  Ter;  strict  watch  was  kept  np  "  I  was,  of  course,  required  to  take 
over  the  moTementa  of  alt  persons  con-  the  oath  on  entering  the  Bervice  in  the 
aidered  as  in  any  way  sospicious.  On  presence  of  the  Graod  Duke.  The 
presenting  hia  passport  at  (he  frontier,  ceremony  look  place  at  the  BelTeders 
Harro  was  recogniied  as  belonging  to  palace  on  a  fine  morning  in  June  at  font 
thia  class.     On  further  eiaminalion  his  o'clock — a  tittib  before  sunrise.  General 


name  was  found  on  two  registers,  and  Paskevitch,  who  was   then  carryinff              f 

he  waa   conducted  to  Warsaw   under  on  the  war  in  Persia  with  auccess,  had 

guard.    On  hia  arrival  there  he  was  recently    sent   home  twelve    Persian 

informed  that  he  could  not  be  permitted  horses   for   the   Grand   Duke,    which 

to  join  the  Russian  army  in  the  cam-  were  to  lie  presented  on  the  aame  oeea- 

paigD  against  the  Tarks,  bat  waa  of-  sion.     The  Princess  Lovitch,  his  wife, 

feted  a  commission  as  Comet  in  a  reei-  though  she  rarely  appeared  at  his  puhlie 

tnent  of  Lancers,  forming  a  pari  of  the  receptions,  liad  placed  herself  at  the 

Grand  Doke's  Russian  gnards.    In  the  open  window  in  the  basement  story  of 

event  of  this  proposal  not  soiling   his  the   palace   to  witness  the   spectacle. 

taate  he  had  the  aUernative  uC  taking  Afler  I  had  taken  the  oath  in  the  usoal 

lodgings  in  a  fortress  for  life.     A  pro-  form,  the  Persian  horses  were  brought 

posal  made  in  so  inviting  a  form  could  and  pieeented  by  the  Grand  Buke  to 

notwelt  bedeclioed,  andHarroaccord'  the   Princeas  from  the  outside  of  the 

inglv  accepted  the  commission.  window.     I  was  staodiogat  the  timeal 

The  teginient  into  which  he  was  no  great  distance.  The  Grand  Dnhs 
thus  introduced  was  a  privileged  corps,  was  in  excellent  humor,  and  comment- 
in  which  a  commission  conferred  a  ed  upon  the  good  poiots  of  each  of  the 
rank  two  degrees  higher  than  a  corres-  horses,  as  they  were  brought  forward, 
ponding  one  in  the  Tine.  Half  the  of-  one  after  the  other.  When  thia  waa 
ficers  were  foreigners  from  Tarions  over  he  directed  an  officer  to  leli  me  to 
countries,  one  of  them  a  nephew  of  step  forward,  and  then  said  to  the  Priu- 
Piesident  Monroe  ;  the  ether  half  cess  in  French,  ■  This  is  the  Carbona- 
wete  yonng  noblemen  of  the  first  ro-Poet,  whom  1  mentioned  to  yon, 
families  in  Russia,  Poland,  and  oth-  and  whose  works  yon  have  read.  We 
er  parts  of  Europe, — including  sev-  have  dressed  hint  in  a  Lancer's  nni- 
en  yoong  princes.  Ttie  battslion  to  form,  and  I  trust  that  he  will  mana^ 
which  Harro  belonged  was  commanded  his  charger  as  welt  as  he  has  done  tata 
by  Prince  VoronitcKkj,  who  read  the  Pegasus.'  He  then  whispered  some- 
orders  for  hia  entrance  into  the  service  '  thing  to  the  Princess,  who  gave  Hano 
at  the  head  of  the  corps,  and  added  a  friendly  look  and  soon  after  retired 
some  account  of  hia  previoos  adven-  from  the  window." 
tures  and  character.  He  was  already  It  will  be  recollected  tltat  the  Grand 
known  to  many  of  the  officers  by  hia  Duke  Constanline,  who  had  tost  his 
writingB.and  was  received  into  the  regi-  first  wife, — aprinceasof  Baden,— before 
ment  with  great  cordiality.     A  ban-  going  to  Poland  aa  Viceroy, — became    ^  ~-               r 

vol.  IV.— m.  iixviit.  38                                                       dOOl^le 


peror  Alsx&nder,  Nicholas  declined,  at    natched,if  Dot  suspected,  kodn 

£nt,  to  take  sdvantBgeof  thiBrenuDcia-    pelled  to  obaerre  a  steady  BTStem  of 


Sn  Harro  Barring.  [Dn. 

lUaolied,  while  there,  tadiePriocetsLo-       But  ibongb,  in  gome  respects,  igtiee- 

Titch,  a  ladj  of  great  beauty  and  of  moal  able,  his  situation  at  Warsaw  «u  in 

amiable  character.    He  obtained  per-  others  sufficiently  embarraatiog.     Hia 

misaian  of  Iha  Russian   Goreinaieat  to  erapiojment  in  the  military  serriee  of 

many  her  on  condition  that  he  would  an  absolute  monarch  waa,  of  eour8e,en- 

tenounce  his  right  of  suceeseion  to  the  tirely  at  Tarianee  with  his  prcTioua  hab- 

tbrone  in  favor  of  his  jrotinger  brother,  its  of  thought  and   feeling.     He  was, 

Nicholas.     On  the  demise  of  the  Em-  from    his  preceding  career,   naturally 

'"■''"' ,if  Dot  suspected,  an' 

,   and   stioDglf   urged  his   brother  caution,    not    Teiy    congenial    to    hia 

Coastaniine  to  ascend  the  ihrono  him-  impetuous   character.        Proposition! 

•elf.     It  was  only  after  his  poBilire  and  were    occasionally    made    to   him  by 

repealed  refusals  to  change  the  aubsist-  the  Directora  of  the  Police,  Baron  Saas 

ing  arrangement,  that   Nicfaolaa   con-  and   Baron  Schweizer,   to   enter   ibM 

■ented  to  reign.     It  is  pleasing  to  re-  department  of  the  service  aa  a  secret 

call  these  incideuls,  which   are  highly  uent    on    very    advinlageoi 

heoorable  to  both  the  brothers,  and  eZ'  Hia  steady  renisal  of  these 

bibtt  in  the  case  of  Constantine,  a  bright  did  not  tend  to  diminiah  the  distmst 

aide  in  a  character,  which  was  unfoitu-  felt  by  the  government.     The  dangers 

nately  clouded,  in  other  reapects,  with  and  difficulties  with  which  he  was  sur- 

bnt  too  many  aWes.  rounded,  were  increased  by  the  eonspir- 

Harro  passed  about  two  years  in  the  acy  in  the  army  and  among  the  people, 

■ervice  of  the  Grand  Dulte.    The  situ-  which  hrolce  out  ao  violently  soon  ailer 

■tion  waa  not  exactly  to  his  mind,  but  he  left  Poland,  and  was  in  active  jm- 

he  had,  early  in  life,  adopted  the  excel-  r^raiion    during  his  residence.     Tiie 

lent  principle  of  doing  with  his  might  Government  were  awate  of  its  exist- 

whatever    circumstances    made  it  nie  ence,    and    of   coarse   redoubled    the 

.  duty  to  do.     He  now  went  through  the  vigilance,  with  which  they  ordinarily 

detaila  of  the   service  with  exemplary  watched  even'  one  in  the  least  degree 

Ctcluality,  and  in  a  way  to  give  eatia-  suapLcioua.     Harro  atatea  that  during 

tion  to  his  superiors.     The  aervice,  the  two  yeara  of  his  slay  at  Warsaw, 

in  itself,  was  not  disagreeable,  and  af-  twenty-two  officers  of  his  own  division 

forded  ample  leisure  for  iilerarypurauits.  were  degraded,  or  discharged  from  tba 

Ue  resided  in  a  pleasant  rural  retreat  service,  and  exiled  to  Siberia  (  and  that 

Juat    without  the  walls  of  Warstiw, —  be  never  retired  to  rest  a  single  night 

toss  every  morning  at  four  o'clock,  and  without     apprehending    that,     before 

was  on  hurseback  iill  eight.  The  rest  of  morning,     a      carriage      or     sledge 

ibe  day  was  disposable  for  letters  or  BO-  would  slop  at    his   door,  destined   t<» 

eiety.     The  Court  of  the  Belvedere  convey  him,  according  to  the  Russian 

-was  itself  a  most  interesting  study  for  practice,  without  trial  or  information  of 

one  so  deeply  engaged  in  the  political  the  nature  of  his  offence,  to  a   fortreu 

movements  of  the  times.    Soon  after  in  Siberia,  where  he  would  be  buried 

leaving  Poland,  Harro  wrote  and  pnb-  alive  for  the  remainder  of  hia   eartblr 

lisbed  a  detailed  review  of  the  system  pilgrimage.     The  Grand  Duke  had,  it 

of  administration  and  the  slate  of  socie-  teems,  found  means  to  solve  in  his  own 

tjr  at  Warsaw  during  this  period,  which  way  the  celebrated  question  of  the  Lat- 

haa  since  been  repaolisheo  at  London  in  in  poet, — Quit  cuttodiel  ip$o»  custt- 

U  English  translation.    While  at  War-  Jet  T — and  had  succeeded  in  putting  bia 

saw  he  wrote  and  published  the  novel  guards  under   pretty   strict  gnaidian- 

Firn-MaUhet ; — the  one,  which,  as  has  ship. 

been  mentioned  before,  was  pronounced        A  two  years'  experience  of  the  bean- 

bj  the  well-known  critic  Meozel,  in  his  ties  of  this  system  of  administration  did 

review  ofGeraian  literature,  one  of  the  not  tend  in  any  degree  lo  diminish  tho 

best  in  the  language.     Hia  position  iD\  enthusiasm    with    which     Harro    had 

■ociely  was  honorable,  and,  in  some  re-  adopted  the  liberal  ideas  of  the  time. 

Bpecte, agreeable,  Atthisttmehereceiv-  In  the  second  year  of  his  residence  at 

edfroDiBaheraiaintelligenceofthedeaih  Warsaw,  he  was  badly  hurt  in  one  of 

oftheyounglady, for  whom,  while  there,  hia  lege  by  a  fall  of  hia  horse  noder 

lie   hiid  formed  an  attachmeal,  which  him,  and   rendered  incapable,  for   Ibe 

bad  affected  ao  powerfully  the  subee-  time,  of  continuing  his  service  in  the 

quent  conrae  of  his  life.  cavalry.    During  hb  illness  the  Grand 


gle 


1844.]  Sarro  Harring.  HI 

Dake  tereral  timea  Tisii«d  hiiti  ia  hia  vhera  he  wished  within  the  UmiU  of 

obsrober,  and  expressed  great  interest  the  Russian  empire.    It  wu  hie  int«n- 

in  hia  recoiaiy.     He  also  requested  of  tiua   to  lelurn   to   Germaej,  but   the 

him  an  abridged  acconnt  of  hie  life,  passport  to  leave  the  country  wa*  in 

■od  appeared  to  hare  conceiTed  a  fa-  hia  case  a»  difficult  to  be  obtained  as  t, 

Torable  idea  of  bis  talents  and  capacity  discharge   from   the   army.     In  what 

for  Bemce.     Od  his  recoTety  it  was  way  this  matter  was  atranged  is  not 

tuggested  to  him,  aa  he  could  do  longer  specifically  mentioned  in  the  notes,  hot 

setre  in  the  cavalry,  to  pass  into  Che  he  probaUjr  cut  the  knot  by  guing  wilb- 

infantTj,  or  the  civil  department,  as  he  out    permission.      He    states    merely 

migbt    prefer.      Hia    eomcadea    anen  that  he  traveLed  as  rapidly  as  poaaibls 

eomfiliroented  him  upon  the  probability  from  Warsaw   to   Kalish,   where    he 

•fhiB  being  appointed  one  of  the  Grand  crossed  the  frontier  at  11   □''clock  at 

Duke'a  aids,  of  whom  there  ware  aev-  ni^ht,   and  then  resumed  his  Journey 

era],  including  the  nephew  of  President  with  the  same  celerity  to  Breslau.     He 

Honroe,  alluded    to    before.    It  wa«  aClerwarda  learned  that  a  detachment  % 

also  propoaed  to  him  again  lo  undertake  of  Coasacks,  which  had  been  sent  in 

a  aecret  agency  in  ibe  service  tjf  the  pnraoit  of  him  bj  order  of  the  Grand 

Police,  under  the  osienaihle  ehaiactei  Duke,  reached  the  Russian  outposts  & 

of  a  traveller  and  poet.     Harro  steadily  few  minutes  only  after  he  had  paased 

refused  all  these  offers,  and  determined  them. 

to  take  advantage  of  the  occasion  to         On  reaching  Dresden  he  made  inqtli- 

withdraw  entirely  from  the  service.  17  afler  his  friend  and  eompanioD  oa 

This  atep  was  not  a  very  eaiy  one.  his  expedition  to  Greece,  Bernard 
His  firm  resolution  not  to  continue  in  MoesdorC  It  appeared  that  afler  hia 
the  service  under  circumstances  that  return,  he  had  become  a  notary, — had  p 
would  have  been  regarded  by  one  of  a  taken  part  in  a  conspiracy,  and  been 
loyal  disposition  as  highly  auspicious,  condemned  to  death, — a  punishment 
taken  in  connection  with  his  former  which  had  been  afterwards  commuted 
career,  identified  him  with  the  olase  of  for  SfUeo  years'  imprisonment  in  the 
■nepicious  persona.  The  Grand  Duke  fortreasof  Koenigstern,  Here  he  wu 
would  not  consent  tohia  discharge,  ami  found  alningled, — as  Harro  aupposea, — ■ 
he  was  compelled  la  remain  for  aome  by  order  of  the  govemmeut. 
months  without  active  employmeat —  Of  George  Laasanes  he  could  obtain 
though  nominally  in  the  service — un-  at  this  time  no  intelligence.  Some 
der  strict  observation,  and  altogether  yeaia  afler  he  learned  that  when  they 
in  a  rather  uncomfortable  predicament,  parted  at  Munich,  Laaaanes  embarked 
He  was,  in  fact,  as  he  atatea,  confined  at  Marseitlea  for  Greece;  bat  having 
to  bis  quarters,  with  a  number  of  other  anfortunately  been  shipwrecked  on  th» 
officers  of  the  aame  rank,  on  suspicion  coast  of  Sardinia,  was  there  arrested 
of  being  connected  with  the  conspiracy,  and  sent  under  gnard  to  Verona.  Here 
Fortuaateiy  for  the  aucceas  of  hia  he  made  hia  escape,  hut  waa  soon  after 
projects,  the  Emperor  Nicholas  came  aireated  again  and  imprisoned  at  Man- 
to  Warsaw  at  this  time  (182S}to  be  tua,  where  he  disappeared  for  ever, 
erowned  King  of  Poland,  and  attend  at  "  In  him,"  says  Harro,  "  was  lost  to 
the  opening  of  the  Diet.  During  his  the  world  one  of  the  finest  poeta  and 
stay  the  fausiQess  of  the  arm^  waa  noblest  ^riots  of  the  day."  His  al- 
Iransacted  in  hia  name  ;  and  in  the  legod  crime  waa  an  attempt  to  rescue 
oonfuaion  of  the  moment  Harro  aue-  biscountry, — iheelaaaiclandofGreeee, 
eeeded,  through  the  friendly  inlerven-  — from  the  yoke  of  Turkish  despotism, 
tion  of  an  old  Polish  General,  in  get-  It  must  be  owned  that  in  these  latter 
ting  his  papers  examined,  and  procnr-  days  the  self-styled  champions  of  taw, 
bgthe.aignatureof  the  Emperor  tohia  order  and  religion,  have  not  altrays 
diamission  from  the  service.  The  dis-  been  careful  to  present  their  cause  te 
ebsrge  was  an  honorable  one,  and  sc-  the  world  in  a  form  very  likely  to  con- 
eompanied,  aa  is  not  nnuaual  in  such  ciliate  the  favor  of  the  friends  of  hit- 
caaes,  with  promotion  lo  the  rank  of  manity  and  freedom. 
Lieutenant,  equivalent  to  that  of  Cap-  Prom  Dresden,  where  the  govern* 
tun  in  the  line.  ment  made  aome  difficulty  about  per* 

Harro  was  now  released  from  his  milling  him  to  remain,  Harro  proceeded 

nilitary  abaekles,  and  at  liberty  to  go  to  Zieipsic,  and  there  fixed  his  resi-  ^  ->  i 


564  Harro  Harring.  [Dm. 

denes  for  iome  montlu.    Al  this  time  on  leayieg  Alezandenbad,  turned  hia 

the   eDthuBJasm   for    politicBl   [efami,  atepa  towards  France.     Un   TekcbinK 

which  had  been  for  ao  many  jeare  fer-  Carlsnihei^lhe  capiitl   of  the   zraiM 

Dienling  ihroughout  all  Europe,  reach-  dnel^  of  Baden, — ihe  RusaiaD  Curgi 

ed   one   of  its   critical  moments,  and  d'Afiairea    mads    application    to    Iho  I 

bnrat  forth  in  the  famous  French  revo-  Police  to  have  him  aTtested.     Fortn- 

Intion  of  the  Tlirte  Days  (Jnly,  1830);  nately  for  him  the  House  of  Deputies  . 

which  were  fallowed  in  Norember  b;  was  then  in  aeaaion,  and   by  placins  | 

the  attempt  at   revolution  in  Poland,  himself  under  iheir  protection,  he  ae- 

Harro,  while  reaiding  at  Warsaw,  had  cured  hia  liberty.     Ha  then  continued 

been  made  aoquaintea  with  the  plana  of  hia  journey,  andarriTedwithoat  farther 

the   conspirators,  and,   on   taking   his  molestation  at  Slrasburg-. 

departure,  had  been  earnestly  requested       On  his  way  to  France  he  had  heard 

hy  them  to  appear  as  Ibeir  champion,  at  Wurzburg  (he  disastrous  Jntelligenca  i 

at  the  propar  moment,  and  pkad  their  of  the   fall   of  Warsaw.     7%is  erent 

cause  witn  hia  pen  before  the  Euro-  made  a  very  deep  impression  upon  hii 

pean  world.     A  struggle  now  arose  io  mlod,  the  result  of  which  was  a  seriss  , 

hia  mind,  whether  to  comply  literally  of  poems,   begnn  at   Heidelberg   and 

with  ^is  request,  and  remain  in  Get-  finished  a^er  hia  arriTal  at  Straabni^. 

many,  or  to  return   at  once  to  Poland,  They  were  publiehed  under  the  title  of  I 

and  join  (he  revolutionary  arm;  as  a  "  Drops  of  Blood"  (hlulitroffen^,  and  I 

Tolunteer.    He  decided,  for  the  pre-  are  considered  by  Harro  as  tbe  moat  \ 

sent,  on  the  former  course ;  intending,  powerful  of  his  poema.     The  fate  of  | 

however,  afler  publiahing  the  books  this  worli  was  rather  singular.    Al-  i 

which   he  had  in  view,  (o  adopt  the  though  aeveial  large  editiona  were  pab- 

lattet.     He   acccrdingl;   prepared    at  lished,  and  thousands  of  copies  circn- 

OQce  the  work  on  Poiand,  alluded  to  lated  ihtonghoni  Germany,  it  was  never  | 

above.    He  found  great  difficulty  in  noticed  or  even  alluded  to  by  name  in 

obtaining  a  pnbliaher ;   but  at  length  any  newspaper  or  review, — so  perfect 

■ome  one  of  the  fraternity,  more  cnur-  and  eOective  was  the  aystem  then  eni' 

ageoua,  or  more  patriotic  than  the  real,  ployed  by  tbe  Police  for  preventing  the 

nndertook   the  busineaa, — auppreasing  eipresaion  of  liberal  political  opiniona  ' 

hia  name,  and  throwing  on  Harro  the  through   tbe   presa.     In  Straaburg, — a 

whole  risk  of  poblicatinn.     The  work  city  which,  thongh  inhabited  moatly  by 

was  traced  to  hira,  and  h^  was  forth-  Germans,  ia  within  the  juiisdiclion  OT 

with  required  by  the  Saxon  Police  to  France, — the  supervision  of  the  Poliea 

qaitLeipsio.    Retiring  to  the  little  city  was  a  little  lesa  strict.    A  ttewspaper 

of  Eisenberg,  in  the  Duchy  of  Allen-  was  at  thia  time  publiahed  there  in  the 

burg,  he  there  wrote  his  Eecollrctiont  German  language  for  eirculatioD    in 

»f  W^tav.     Pasaing  thence  into  Ba-  Germany,  under  the  name  of  "  Conati- 

Taria,   he   resided   incognito    tat   two  lutional     Germany"     {Da*     comlitu- 

months  at  Alexandersbad,  an  obscure  tiotielle  Deutiehland).    The  proprietor 

watering  place  near  Wnnsiedel,  where  was  not  satisfied  With  the  manner  in 

he  wrote  an  historical  novel,  in  three  which  it  was  conducted,  and  proposod 

Tolomes,  entitled  The  Polt.     His  re-  to   Harro  to  take  charge  of  it.     He 

treat  was  again  discovered,  and  he  was  consented,  and,  suppressing  the  cotuti- 

rOnce  more  compelled  to  change  hia  tutionelU  in  the  name,  continued  it  nn- 

residence.     Havmg   now  pretty   well  der  that  of  Devtichland.     Alter  three 

laxhansted  his   materials  for  carrying  numbers   bad    appeared,   the   Diet   at 

on  tbe  war  with  the  pen,  he  had  in-  Frankfort  issued  an  order  prohibitinz 

tended,after  flniahingttie  list  mention-  the  circulation  of  it  iu  Germany.and 

ed  work,  to  return  to  Poland,  and  take  also  that  of  any  other  joornal  condaet- 

Ae  field  id  person  against  Ihe  common  ed   by  tbe  aame  editor.     Il  langnisbed 

enemy;  but  the  rapid  advance  of  the  fivemoniha,  and  then  expired.    Daring 

Rosaian   armies,   which   now  covered  his  abode  at  Strasbnrg  he  wrote  aao- 

tbe  whole  canntry,  Ihroagh  which  he  ther  work  on  the  aBairs  of  Poland,  •&- 

would  have  had  to  pass,  made  il  next  tiUed  The  Russian  Suijeel. 

to  impossible  to  reach  Poland,  and  very         In  December  nf  this  year,  1830,  be 

doubtful  whether  he  shoold  be  in  time  was  visited  by  a  secret  agent  of  the 

to  render  any  eetvice  if  be  did.     He  Prussian  Government,  named  Mailer, 

jeeordingly  abaoduned  the  idea,  aod,  editor  of  a  monthly  magaiine  U  AifOt  I 


1S44.1                                      BoTTd  Rarrwg.  68f 

in  SwiueThnd,  nha  mads  propostls  to  The  folloinDg  letter,  nhich  tppemr«d 

bim  Mmilar  ta  those  which  had  been  with  his  signataie  sonie  lime  ahei  in 

made  by  the  Baron  de  Sass,  at  Wai^  one  of  the  German  newipapers,  gives 

saw.     He  was  olTered  a  very  bandHome  a  rather  amusing  accoont  or  his  poai- 

'  eoDipensalion  if  he  would  enter  the  tion. 

Prnssiaa  ssrTics,  and  act  aa  a  spy  upon  "  I  was  well  aware  of  the  danger  to 

the  moveiDenu  of  the  liberaliels,  con-  which  I   exposed  myself  iu  going  to 

tinning  in  public  to  use  iheir  language  Uarabscti,  bat  did  not  hesitate  on  that 

and  profess  their  opinions,  ile  rejected  account  a  moment :  on  the  contrary,  I 

ihe  orerloTe  with  contempt,  and  gave  was  the  vety  Gist  petson  at  Neustadt, 

each   an  account  of  the  alfair  in  his  where   I   arrived   on   the   evening   <A 

Srnal,  that  Malter  was  obliged  to  make  Wednesday,  the  S3d.     The  conductor 

escape  with  great  piomplituds  from  of  the  Strasbnrg  diligence  afterwards 

Strasburg-,  in  order  to  avoid  ill-treat-  told  me  thai  the  agents  of  the  Bsvaiian 

.  ment  by  tlje  people.  Police  weie  on  the  watch  for  me  till 

At  this  lime  prepara^ons  were  made  Sunday  evening,  and  had  even  arrested 

for  a  meeiing  of  delegates  from  the  a  Isdy  whom  they  took  for  me  in  dis- 

friends  of  liberal  principles  iu  all  parts  guise.     In  the  meantime  a  crowd  was 

(rf*  Germany,  at  nambach ;  and  on  the  collecting  in  Neuaiadt ;  but  although 

day  fiisd   (May  &7,  1B32)  mora  than  I  was  constantly  suriounded  by  police 

30,000  persons,  in  fact,  assembled.     It  officers,  they  did  not  venture  to  arrest 

doea   Dot  appear   that   they   had   any  nie.     On  Sunday  noon,  while  the  oa- 

Otber  object  ihan  lo  join  in  an  exprea-  lionalbanner  of  Germany  was  displayed 

sioQ   of  their   common  opinions.     At  on  the  summit  of  Hambach,  a  friend 

the  preseot  time,  when  mssg  meetings  from  Menti  accosted  me,  and  informed 

of  a  similar  kind  are  held  every   day  me  that  he  had  just  seen  Ihe  order  for 

in  this    country,   it   may   be   thought  my  arrest.     I  also  learned  that  this  oi< 

singular  that  such  an  assemblage  should  der  had  been  granted  on  the  Tequiaiiioii 

be  regarded  as  a  very  important  affair  of  the  Russian  Charg6  d'Affaires.  The 

by  the   Gorernroenls :  but  the  state  of  Danish  Chargf  at  Dresden  bad,  in  fact, 

things  in  this  respect  on  the  continent  already  told  me  that  I  was  conaidered 

of  Europe  is   entirely  different   from  as  a  Russian  subject,  and  that  he  could 

tiiat  which  eiiats  in  the  United  States,  not  give  me  a  Danish  passport, 

or  even  in  England;  and  a  gathering  "Thenextday  (Moaday,S8ih)Boeriia 

of  this  sort  may  hare  been,  in  fact,  a  and  1  were  robbed  of  our  watches,— 

nuher  serious  matter.    It  was  certainly  an  accident  which  was  not  very  siogU' 

so  considered  by  the  Police  ;  and  on  the  lar,  considering  the   immense  crowd, 

■eeond  dsy  measures  were  taken  to  ar-  We  went  together  to  the. Police  Office 

rest  a  number  of  the  leaders  and  dis-  to  make  our  declarations  of  the  fact, 

perse  the  multitude.     Harro  had   at-  Boerne  was  despatched  first,  and  went 

tended  as  a  volunteer ;  and,  aa  he  says,  away  :  I  remained  alone  in  the  midat  of 

iad  carried  arms  with  him,  to  be  used  the    police    officers,    who    might,    of 

if  occasion  should  requive.     He  took  course,  have  arrested  me  at  once,  if 

a  passport  at  Strasburg  ander  a  feigned  they  had  thought  proper  to  do  it :  bat 

name,  and  reached   Neuatadt,   a  oity  nothing  occurred.     At  dinner,  the  samo 

near  the  place  of  meeting,  three  days  day,  the  conversation  at  Ihe  public  table 

before  the   time  appointed.     He  was  of  the  Stage  House,  where  1   lodged, 

the  first  person  on  the  ground  :  Boetne,  was  very  lively.     One  of   the  gueeta 

a  well-known  political  writer,  since  took  from  his  pocket  my  play,  entiUed 

dead,  was  the  next.     When  the  arrival  "  The    Nations"   ifii*    Vaelier),   atid 

of  Harro  was  known,  he  was  invited  read  the   passage   upon  Germany.     I 

by  the  Mayor  of  the  city  to  take  lodg-  was  rather  ombarraased,  and  leH  tha 

ings  with  one  of  the  council,  although  room.     Immediately  a  loud  shout  was 

it  was  well  known  to  alt  that  he  was  raiaed   in   honor   of   the    author,   snd 

under  the  bsn  of  the  Police.     He  men-  several  persons  of  ^he  city  brought  mo 

tions  this  fact  as  a  proof  how  com-  back  lo  the  tHbie,  assuring  me  that  they 

pleiely    the    liberal    spirit   prevailed  would  be  reaponsible  for  my  safety, 

throughout  all  classes.     Measures  bad  When  the  company  had  separated,  I 

been  taken  to  secure  his  person,  but  no  went  lo  the  office  for  the  key  of  my 

attempt  was  made  to  arrest  him  until  room,  and  found  there  three  young  men 

after  the  dispersion  of   the   meeting,  in  German  costume,  inquiring  of  the 


Google 


SM                                           fiorro  Harritig.  [De«. 

koaieu  wheltier  I  «u  Hkito  Harrinj.  DumbcTH  to  offer  htm  their  UBiatancs. 

I  iepli«d  with  »  smile  :  '  No.     I  am  »  Among  them  wm  Mr.  Leg-endre,  oim 

ttadet  from  Struburg.'    They  under-  of  the  law  officers  of  the  crown,  after- 

■tood  me,  and  said  they  were  friends  waida  a  member  of  the  hoese  of  depn- 

of  Harro,  and  had  come  to   tell  him  ties.     He  was  strongly  in  favor  of  call- 

that  the  people  were  diapersing,  that  ing  out  a  detachment  of  tho  natiooal 

■tfireD''cIocktberewouIdbelwocompa-  guard  to  resisl  Ibe  enforcement  of  mn 

nies  of  infantry  in  the  field,  and  that  order,    -which   he    considered    illegal. 

he  would  be  arrested.     I  thanked  them  Harro  discountenanced  tbtsproceedinB-, 

in  Harro's  name  for  the  information,  which  could  have  had  no    TesnlE,  »a 

«nd  (hey  took  their   leave.     I  deter-  the  Sub- Pre  feet  had  a  competent  mili- 

mined  at  once  to  quit  the  city.     Hor-  tary   force  at  his  disposal,  and  detet' 

nas,  a  deputy  from  the  national  guard  mined  in  preference  to  appeal  to  the 

ex  Slrasburg, — Major  Fergues,  of  Po-  higher  powers.     He  aecordioslr  WTDt« 

land,  and  a  German  from  Dessau,  in-  a  letter  to  the  Sub-Prefect  at  Weinen- 

■isted  on  bearing  me  company,  and  ws  bnrg,  protesting  against  the  order  foi 

bet  forth  together,  leaving  the  high  his  ezclasion  and  requesting  permissido 

load  and  striking  across  the  country,  to  enter  France  as  a  political  refuges. 

Our  short  enoampment  for  the  night  This   was   dated  at   fiergzabero,   and 

was  traly  Tomantic:     At  two   o'clock  wassentby  a  private  hand  te  that  place, 

the  next  day  we  reached   Bergaabern,  where   it  was   poet-matked    and    de- 

■where  two  companies  of  infantry  were  spaiched  to  Weissenburg.  In  the  mevi- 

ezpecled  at  four.     Mv  reception  here  time  that  city  was  in  great  commotion, 

was  of  the  most  cordial  kind.     '  If  yon  A  hundred  raembMS  of  the  National 

will  accept  an  escort  of  two  hundred  Guard   asaemhted   privately  and   held 

well-armed    men,'    said  a    venerable  themselvee  in  readiness  to  take  arrna, 

looking  veteran,  'theyshatlbe  ready  if  necessary,  for  the  defence  of  Harro*B 

in  half  an  hour.'    I  declined  this  of<  person.    At  the  approacii  of  evening 

fer,  and  five  young  men  then  volun-  he  thought  it  expedient  to  change  his 

teered  to  aceompany  me.    I  changed  lodgings,  as  the  police  officers  wodM 

dresses  with  Major  Ferguea,  and  again  otherwise  probably  take  advantage  of 

set  forth.     The  day  waa  fine,  and  we  the  night  to  put  the  order  against  him 

were  all  in  excellent  spirits.     Towards  in  force.'    Several  dresses,  male   Skod 

evening  we  reached  the  boundary  line,  female,  h»d  been  sent  to  him  to  be  osed 

■nd    without    croasins;    proceeded   to  as  disgnises,  and  having  put  oa  one  of 

Weissenburg,  where  I  conducted  my  them,  he  sacceeded  in  escaping  from 

kind  companiona  to  the  Angel  Hotel,  the  house.     On  reaching  the  poblie 

A  considerable  number  of  our  friends,  square  he  saw  the  gent-iTarme*  ezun- 

most  of  whom  had  been  at  Hambach,  ining  the  Diligence,  and  was  told  that 

collected  round  us,  and  it  waa  not  till  they  were  searching  for   the   famous 

midnight  that  the  five  young  men  re-  proseript   Karro    Harring.      He   pro- 

torned  to  Bergzabern.    The  next  morn-  eeeded  to  the  honae  of  ayotmelawyer, 

ing,  at  nine  o'clock,  a  police  officer  made  where  a  ptivate  chamber  bad  been  pre- 

bis   appearance   in  my   chamber,   and  pared   for   him,   and    remained    tfaera 

told  me  that  I  '  was    not  permitted  to  thirty-six  hours,  without  the  knowledge 

enter  Pranpe,  and  must  instantly  return  of  any  of  the  family  except  the  master, 

to  Germany  or  consider  myself  as  un-  and  almost  withunt  taking  any  nourinh- 

der  arrest.'     He    added  that  '  it  waa  ment.     At  the  end  of  this  time  an  or- 

his  dut^  to  have  appeared  in  onifonn  der  arrived  authorizing  his  entrance 

with  bis  gens-iTarmes  and  arrested  me  into  France.     His  letter  to  the  Sub- 

M  once,  but  that,  eonsidering  me  as  a  Prefect  had  been  sent  to  the  Prefect  at 

man  of  honor,  he  bed  felt  himself  at  Strasburg,  who  had  communicated  by 

liberty  to  proceed  as  he  had  done.' "  the  telegraph  with  the  minister  of  tbe 

On  receivmg  this  notice  from  the  interior,  and    received  his  orders  to 

Commiasary  of  Police,  Harm  retired  to  grant  Harro  a  passport  for  any  city  in 

the  House  of  a  bookseller  of  his  ac-  France,  the  capital  excepted,  which  ha 

qoaintance  to  gain  time.     He  wa*  ac-  might  select  as  his  residence.     The 

companied   by   a    police    officer,   and  letter*   addressed  to  him   by  the  Snb- 


gtiards   were  placed  before  the  door.     Prefect  on  this  occasion,  of  which  I 
The    -■  


aOUt  soon  took  wind,  and  the  libe-    have  the  originals  before  me,  are  faigli 

oogib 


.     - --     —  o ,  ire  faiffli- 

nl  portion  of  the  citiiens  came  in  great    ly  creditable  lo  tbe  hatDMuty  of  3uf 

Gl 


1841.]                                        Barro  Harrwig.  MT 

■oflleer,  who  does  nol  appetr  ta  hare  Liege,  in  Be}giimi,tlie(b11oning  letter, 

■hand  ihe  proseriptiTe  apirit  which  of  which  the  original  i«  before  me  ; 

pTSTuled  Id  Ihe  departmeDt  uf  the  Pi>-  

lice  "  Mr.  HaiTo  Harrjn? : — We  We  iDfornK 

On  the  receipt  of  tbia  aRreeable  in-  ^  "^  t""*  p«rMeoUoD>  to  which  you  haye 

formation  Hano  determinecl  to  proceed  ^,'' "'"!!^  r^^T  "^  J""*'' JT*^ 

immediately  to  Slrasburg.     A  Wqoet  ^"^  "we  good  friend,  and  a  «;rii»l  wel- 

J            v-     1,  '      1.    .1,  come.    If  TOO  haie  nothing  belter  to  do 

was  prepared  in  b„  honor  by  the  pa-  „„,h„,/„„e  „d  gire  n.  your  .«iit- 

tnota  of  Wejaaenburg.  whu  accompa-  ^„  i„  pUnotiag  the  common  eamieof 

Died  him  in  a  body  to  the  Diligence.    At  imnnnity  and  freedom." 
all  the  stations  on  the  way  the  carriagB 

was  Borrounded  by  a  crowd  of  persons,  I  have  dwelt  rather  long  upon  this 
inquiring  eagerly  whether  (he  conduc-  passage  in  the  adienturea  of  Harro, 
tor  knew  what  had  become  of  the  pro-  first,  because  it  is  always  pleasing  to  see 
script  HaiTO,  whose  adventures  had  the  naturally  noble  and  generous  emo- 
been  much  talked  about  and  freely  dis-  tions  of  the  heart  breaking  forth  sponta- 
CQSsed  in  the  newspipers.  "Here  he  neoualy,  though  with  great  personal  risk 
is,"  was  the  nnifoim  reply, — "  safe  in  to  the  individuals  concerned,  in  resiat- 
mjcaupi."  The  oOicers  ofone  of  the  ance  to  an  unjust  and  illegal  order  of 
battaliona  of  the  national  guard  had  gOTernioent ; — and  secondly,  becanstt 
made  arrangements  to  call  out  the  bat-  it  is  highly  satisfactory  to  find, — what 
taliou  witha  band  of  music,  to  meet  him  we  gather  with  more  assurance  from  a, 
on  his  arrival  without  the  gate,  and  es-  single  example  of  the  success  of  suck 
cort  him  into  the  city.  As  he  happen-  resistance,  tnan  from  much  high-sound- 
ed to  aiiive  ia  the  morning  instead  sf  ing  declamation,— that,  since  the  laat 
the  afternoon,  the  escort  did  not  French  Revolulion,  the  rights  of  indi- 
lalce  effect.  He  found  the  officer*  viduals  have  become  in  France  some- 
asseoibled  for  the  pnrposa  of  eomplet-  thing  better  than  a  mere  name.  Under 
ing  the  arrangement,  and  was  invited  the  old  monarchy,  as  is  still  the  case 
by  Major  Champy,afterwaTdsa Colonel  in  Russia,  Austria,  and  Prussia,  a~   ~~ 


Id  the  naiional  guards,  to  accum^nj  der  from  the  ministerial  department 
'lis  cluh  in  the  evening.  This  swept  everything  before  it,  and  left  the 
who  belonged  to  a  family  of   unhappy  mortal,  whom  it  might,  pei- 


"wealth  and  consideration,  urged  Harro  haps,  immare  for  life  in  a  dungeon,  no 

to  take  up  his  residence  with  (hem.  He  resource    hot    paaaivs    obedience    or 

accepted  this  friendly  ofTer,  and  pro-  clandestine  evasion.     The  King's  oi- 

«eeded  to  the  chateau  of  Madame  Ho-  der   was   itself  the  law.      Now    the 

than,  where  he  found  the  Major  ready  King's  order  is  one  thing,  and  the  law 

to  receive  him.     Here   he  passed  the  another ;  and  the   little   adventure   at 

summer,  and  in  November  accompanied  Weissenbnrg,   which  I   have  related, 

the  Major's  brother,  who  was  the  pro-  proves  that  a  person  who  is  made  tho 

prietni  of  the  large  iron  works  of  Fra-  object   of  an   fllegsl   order,   may,   by 

mont  in  (he  department  of  Les  Vosges,  standing  with  firmness  and  discretion 

to  his  castle  of  La  Chaume,  in  Bur-  on  his  legal  rights,  succeed  in  securing 

gundy,   where    he    remained    several  them,  and  compel  the  government  to 

weeks.      He    foand    here   a  valuable  recede.     This  change  is  itself  a  cont- 

librsry  of TOOO  volumes,  and  wrote  dn-  pleiepolitical revolution, muchmoieim- 

riog  his  slay  a  series  of  three  plays,  porlant  to  the  people  at  large  than  any 

entitled  "  The  People"  {Daa  Volk).  alteration  in  the  forma  of  administration 

Tlie  situation  of  Harro  had  excited  or  the  name  of  the  executive  magistrate, 

the  sympathy  of  the  friends  of  liberal  and  nol  perhaps  too  dearly  purchased 

principles  in  other  pans  of  Europe,  by  all  the  blood  and  treasure  that  have 

While    at  L«    Chaume  he    received  been  poured  out  in  France  during  th« 

tiam  Mr.  Vander  Heer,  Governor  of  laat  half'century. 


Thi  explosion  of  the  Three  Day*  in  of  more  or  leas  importance,  in  almost 
France  electrified  all  £urope,  and  was  every  other  eoantry.  The  erection  of 
followed  by  revolntionary  moveEaenlB    the  new  kingdom  of  Belgium  in  ttu 


Google 


Ht                                             Harro  Barring.  [Dm. 

Netherlands, — the  paeuge  of  the  Re-  leaded  hj  a  Dinetaij ;  and  from  thia 

form  bill  in  England, — the  restoration  central  point,  thej  undertook  to  eiTe 

of  the  constitotion  id  SwiiD,  and  the  an  impulte  to  the  rooTemeats  of  alF 

etunge   of  dynast;   in   France,  were  the    associated    societies    ihronghoat 

the  principal  immediate  consequences.  Enrope. 

In  the  last  of  these  countries,  tbe  im-  Afler  the  (ailnro  of  the  attempts  at 

pulse  was  arrested  in  its  progress  \>j  rerolntion  in  It&lj,  a  great  namber  of 

tbe  accidental  inflnence  of  the  power-  tbe  Carhonari  were  exiled,  and  muij 

fol  character  of  the  present  kiog,  and  of  ibem  took  rerage  in  France.   Among 

the  full  development  of  its  reanlts  was  tbese  was  Joseph  Maisini,  whose  name 

reserred  for  V  future  day,     InPolaod,  has  recently  been  brought  before  the 

the  attempt  at  revolution  was  crush-  public,  b;   some  proceedings  of  the 

ed  at  once  by  the  overwhelming  power  British  I^liament,  in  conseqaence  oT 

of  the   Russian   armies,   and   several  an  illegal  inspection  of  his  letters  Kt 

attempts  of  a  similar  kind  in  Italy  the  post-office  in  London.    He  was  k 

also  proved  abortive.  yoang  lawyer  of  Genoa,  only  son  of  a 

In  Germany,  the  extreme  vigilance  wealthy  patrician  family,— and  is  re- 

%tA  activity  of   tho  Police  prevented  presented  by   Harro,  ae  a  person   of 

any  actual  oatbteak ;  but  the  revolu-  superior  talent,  and  the  noblest  eharac- 

tiODarr  spirit  was  not  less  ardent  than  tec.     Soon  after  his  arrival  in  Fiance, 

elsewhere.    Tbese  movements  were  jn  1S33,  he  founded,  on  tbe  basis  of  the 

more  or  less  directly  prompted,  and  in  existing  secret  associations,  a  new  and 

k  great  measure,  more  comprehensive  one,  to  which  he 


ooaducted  by  a  secret  political  organi-  gave  the  name  of  "  Young  Italy'^  [La 
zation,  which  pervaded  a  large  part  of  giovint  Italia).  This  waa  tbe  oriirin 
the  continent  of  Europe,  and  had  its    of  the  phraseology,  which  has 


origin  la  Italy,  during  the  reign  of  Na-  become  familiar  to  ns,  tijider  the  forms 
poleon.  Every  external  eipression  by  of  Young  France  and  Yaung  England. 
word  or  deed,  of  the  patriotic  and  li-  After  remaining  a  short  time  at  Har- 
beral  sentiments,  which  had  been  so  seillee,  Maziini  and  his  companioos  in 
Blrongly  excited  in  Italy,  at  the  opening  exile,  were  compelled  to  leave  France, 
of  tbe  French  Revolution,  having  been  and  retreat  to  Geneva,  which  they 
■ternly  interdicted  under  the  military  made  for  some  time  tbe  head-qoarter* 
sway  of  the  "  man  of  destiny," — the  of  "  Young  Italy."  Some  jealonsy 
patriots  were  compelled  by  a  sort  of  appears  to  have  existed  between  the 
moral  necessity,  to  oontinue  tbeir  ope-  directoTT  of  this  association,  and  that 
rations  in  secret,  and  formed  an  asso-  of  the  Reformed  Carbonari  at  Pans, 
eistion  nnder  the  name  of  Carbonari,  Mazzitii,  as  the  leading  representative 
or  Colliers,  from  some  supposed  ana-  of  Yonng  Italy,  did  not  like  to  acknow- 
logy  in  their  proceedings  to  those  of  ledge  a  contioMing  power  in  the  French 
persons  employed  in  the  subterranean  association,  allbough  he  wished  to  act 
coal  mines.  These  sdcieties  had  in  concert  with  it;  and  planned  as  a  sab- 
branches  in  Fiance,  Spain  and  Ger-  atitute  for  this  porpose,  a  mure  general 
many.  Harro  states,  that  the  French  association  of  the  friends  of  liberty  in 
colliers  were  among  the  most  active  Italy,Po1snd,andGermany,towhichhtt 
leaders  in  the  Revolution  of  tbe  Three  gavethenameofyounf  £urope.  Itdoes 
Days.and  that  some  of  them  were  after-  not  appear  that  this  project  ever  took 
wards  employed  by  Louis  Philippe  in  any  very  definite  shape,  Alithographie 
places  of  the  highest  importance.  As  impression  of  the  intended  constitution, 
the  immediate  results  of  this  revolution  with  facsimiles  of  tbe  signatures  of  th« 
didnot ultimatelysatisfythemostardent  delegates  from  the  four  nations  who 
fiiendsofreform,  they  considered  them-  formed  it,  is  given  in  the  notes  of 
selves  as  betrayed  by  their  agents,  who  Hatro,  and  may  be  looked  upon  as  a 
had  taken  office  under  the  new  king  :  sort  of  curiosity.  They  also  mclude  a 
and  re-organized  themselves  under  the  cop;  of  a  constilntion  for  the  Scandi- 
name  of  the  Reformed  Carbonari,  ftavian  Union,  a  separate  association. 
They  had  ibeir  bead-qaariers  at  Paris,  intended  for  the  promotion  of  the  aam« 
where  their  opeiaiiong  were  snperin-  general  object.  A  traoslstionoftbe  for- 


lizcdbyGooi^le 


1944.]                                         Harr«  Harnng.  MV 

marpsperuftniMxedininote.*  Theaa  aioa  to  make  tfie  soqaainUnee  of  Mu- 
prooeedings,  of  which  I  hare  given  a  sioi, uid  farmed i tct;  inlimftiefiieDd- 
nieie  outline,  ue  trested  full;  by  Har-  ship  with  himt  which  hu  contioaed  till 
ro,iBaworkiDtwoToluiiiM,eniitlediV(-  the  preMDt  time.  SeTeral  of  lbs  anb- 
noirs  ef  Yoiatg  /'o'Vi  which  be  puh-  Mqeent  poems,  iocludiiig  Borne  of  those 
Ikhsd  at  Dijon,  in  ^anoe,  a  jrear  ot  in  the  New  Yotk  eollaetion,  are  ad- 
two  later.  1  allude  to  tbem  here,  for  dreuad  lo  hint, 
the  porpoM  of  explaining  the  tbvoIu'  Under  the  aaapicee  of  theae  aaso- 
tionary  attempta,  which  were  mads  io  ciationa,  anaDEement*  were  concert- 
GsTinanj,  in  1B33-4,  and 'in  which  ed  for  a  BimidtantoaB  lising  in  Gtb 
Harro  bimaelf  look  part.  In  prepaiing  different  eiiiea.  On  the  7th  of  Apri), 
I,  he  had  found  ocoa-  1833,    Hairo    hiniBelf,    waa    to    laJw 


•  TOUNO  EUAOPE. 

uamrT :— s^vuin  ^-Ht>lU)>ITT. 

Jet  <jf  Bnthtrluat. 

We,  nnderti^ed,  men  ofpTOgrm  and  liberty,  believing  in  the 

Equality  and  bratberhood  of  men,  and  the  ' 

Eqaality  and  brolherhood  of  nationa : 

Belief  ing  alto  i 

Tkmt  the  human  nee  ia  deitined  to  adTance  in  a  coane  of  conlinaal  progreaa,  akd 
iBder  the  empire  of  the  noiTffta]  mora]  law,  in  the  flreeand  barmoniou*  deTclopmenl 
efil*  power*,  and  the  aecomplisbmenl  of  itf  million  in  the  nnivertei 

That  thii  ean  only  be  effected  by  the  actiTe  ccacoiTence  of  all  ila  membert  iB  titt 
aiaociationi : 

That  free  aHociationi  ean  only  eiiit  among  Eqnali,  aince  all  inequality  impliet  a 
violation  of  iiidepeadence,  and  every  violation  of  iadependeace  impairs  the  freedom 
of  concert: 

That  Liberty,  Equality,  and  Humanily  are  equally  wcred :  that  Ihey  ere  the  three 
neceaiary  elements  in  every  tatiifactary  (olution  of  the  problem  of  loclety  :  and  that, 
wherever  any  one  ct  ttita  ii  neglected  from  r^rd  lo  the  two  othera,  the  attempt  to 
aolve  tbit  problem  must  prove  a  fallore  i 

Being  satisfied : 

That  although  the  objects  which  the  different  branche*  of  the  hnman  race  aim  at, 
are  oeeetsarily  the  tame,  and  the  general  principles,  which  direct  theirpriwreta  ea- 
lentially  aimilar, — there  are,  neveithelets,  a  thousand  different  vays  by  whlcb  the 
common  purpose  may  be  eSbcted  : 

Bein^tsatiifled: 

That  each  man  and  eaeb  nation  bat  a  peculiar  mission,  in  which  individuality 
consiali,  and  throagh  which  it  concnrs  In  accomplithing  the  mission  of  the  race  in 

Being  satisfied,  finally  i 

That  aasoeiationi  oTmen  and  nations  onght  lo  combine  teenrily  for  the  (\ill  aeecoD* 
pliahmenl  oftbe  individual  miasion  with  certainty  of  concurring  in  that  of  the  general 
mission  of  the  race : 

Strong  in  our  right*  as  men, — strong  in  our  confciences,  and  in  the  duty  which  God 
and  Hnmanity  impoee  upon  every  one,  who  is  willing  to  devote  hit  arm,  hit  mind, 
hit  whole  being  to  the  taered  cause  of  the  progress  of  nations: 

ARer  having  (brmed  oaraelves  into  national  astociationt,  fVee  and  Independent  of 
each  other,  intended  ai  the  germs  of 

Yomng  PolaMd,  ToMg  Italy,  lutd  Feaag  Oennoay : 

Having  met  together  in  eonncil  to  prmnote  the  general  good,  with  onr  band*  placed 
on  onr  hearts,  and  io  full  confidence  of  a  laccotfol  reaoll,  have  agreed  npon  the 
fallowing  deelaiatioD : 

Foiflg  Geramy,  Vmng  PUttnd,  and  Foang  llaly,  republican  uiociationt,  intended 
to  effect  the  tame  geoenj  object,  aad  having  a  common  belief  in  Liberty,  Equality, 
and  Progrees,  herebyanitc  tbemtelves  into  one  brotherhood,  now  and  for  ever,  fin  aQ 
porposes  belonging  to  the  common  object. 


=1  Google 


sn  Hmro  Harriag.-  [Dee. 

put  in  tbe  attack  oa  Kebt,  a  city  embarking    in    anothw  MTolntionair 

in    Baden,    at    the    Germaa    exiie-  expedltioa.     It  had  now  been  deter- 

mit^  of  ttie  bridge,  that  croaaes  the  mined  that  a  reaolate  corna  of  abotit 

Rhine  at  StraabuTg-;   and  a  corpa  of  GTshnDdredexiles,Di(wtijPoleB,sboald 

two  or  three  faoDdred  exiles,  moatif  attempt  ui  iDTaaion  of  Sa«oj.     Tbo 

GJermaDB,  were  stalioned  in  that  citj,  iromediata  point  of  attach  was  tbe  eilj 

waitinir  hia  arrival.     At  the  appointed  of  Chamberry,  and  the  moTement  waa 

time,  Kuberskj,  a  Polish  refugee,  who  fixed  for  the  I3tb  of  November.     Hai- 

WB8  aAeiwards  suppoied  to  be  an  emia-  ro  had  been  inTited  to  join  tbe  ataS"  of 

aary  of  the  Police  id  dis|n)iee,  came  to  tfais  expedition,  the  command  of  which 

Pramont,  where  Harro  waa  than  ataj-  had,  n n forte nalely  for  ita  anccesa,  beea 

lag,  for  the  putpoae  of  conTe; ing  him  committed   to  General   Ramoriao,   an 

to  Straaburg.     On  the  morning  of  the  Italian  officer,  who,  it  seems,  had  dia- 

7th   of  April,   the   carriage  waa  pre-  tingaished  himBcIf  in  the  Poliab  inanc- 

pared,  and  they  were  on  the  point  of  rection,  but,  aa  Harro  atatea,  had  aab- 

aeltingoff,  when  the  newapapera  arri«-  aequently  abandoned  the  causeof  liber- 

lag  from  Frankfort,  brought  inforaia-  ty,  and  waa  now  a  aeoret  agent  in  tha 

ti«n,  that  the  movement  had  been  made  aerrice  of  the  European  Police.     The 

prematurely  in  that  city,   which  waa  bead-qnartera  of  the   expedition  wera 

one  of  tbe  fire,  tiiree  days  before,  and  at  Bienne,  in  Switzerland,  and  Ham 

badfailed.     Thia  reaalt  paralyzed,  for  was  deapstched  from  that  place  on  the 

a  time,  the  whole  project.  7ib  of  November  to  Geneva  to  aaeer- 

Soon  after  this  event  Harro  changed  lain  the  state  of  the  preparations.     He 

kia  reaideuee  from  tha  caalle  of  Fra-  there  fonnd  that  Ramorino,  who  waa  at 

moDtlo  that  of  LachaumainBurgrundy,  Paria,  bad  refoaed  to  proceed  on  tba 

another  property  of  the  same  family  of  day  fixed,  under  pretence  that  ha  waa 

Cbampy.     He  tiad  acarcely  had  time  recroiting  aome  more  troopa  in  France, 

to  seat  himself  in  hia  new  abode  when  Harro  remabed  aome  time  at  GeneT* 

he  waa  c^led  open  to  quit  itadeiigfatfol  with  Mazxini,  and,  while  there,  wrote  a 

groves,  then,  as  he  aays,  "  blooming  in  tragedy    in  two    parts,    entitled     the 

the  first  freshness  of  opening  vcgeta-  Union  of  Europe.      Having  at  lauth 

tion, — vocal  with  the  songs  of  a  thon-  matured  his  private  arrangementa,  Ra- 

sand  nigblingalea,  and  redolent  of  the  morino  fixed  the  laat  day  of  Jannaiy, 

■weeteet  perfumes," — for  the  purpose  of  1834,  for  the  movement  of  fhe  expcdi- 

A  declaration  of  the  principles  that  constitute  the  moral  law,  aa  applied  to  ac- 
tions, aball  be  drawn  ap  in  comnon,  and  signed  by  the  three  natloaal  committees 
It  ihall  specify  the  bctief,  the  object,  and  the  general  eourae  of  proceeding  of  the 
three  associationa ;  end  no  aasociation  can  act  otherwise  Iban  in  conformity  to  thi* 
declaration  without  a  enlpaUe  violation  of  tbe  Act  of  Brotherhood. 


An  alliance,  offensive  and  defensive,  ia  herebr  eatablished  among  the  three  aaao- 
ciationa,  as  repreaentativea  of  the  nationa  (o  wbich  tbey  retpcctiveir  belong ;  and 
each  of  them  shall  be  authorized  to  claim  the  aid  and  co-operation  of  tbe  olhera  iM 
every  important  eoterpiiia  for  the  promotion  of  the  common  object. 


ir  their  delegates,  shall  constitnte  tbo 


The  Committee  of  Foang  Etropt  shall  agree  npon  a  badge  to  be  worn  by  the  mcm- 
bera  of  tbe  three  aswciations,  and  a  motio  to  be  placed  at  the  head  of  (be  pnUie 
pioclamaliona. 

Any  other  nation,  which  may  deiire  to  nnite  in  Ibis  allianee,  may  do  M  t^  agree- 
ing Id  and  algniag,  throngfa  its  representalivei,  the  praaent  Act. 
OOM  at  Btnu  (Jwibn-ioBi},  JprU  10, 1834. 


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c 


1B44.]                                             Harrp  Harring.  SIX 

tioii,  ud  the  kiteinpt  ini«,  in  fkct,  made  fbt  EngUnd  he  was  ehftTged  with  the 

OD  thU  dsv ;  bnt  nn  reaching  the  fron-  dalj  of  establisliing  a  bnnch  in  that 

tier  of  Savoj,  the  Itoopa  were  met  b^  eoqntrf ,  and  aftet  hia  arriTal  in  London 

t  supeHoT  force, — id  conaeqaenee,  aa  look   aome   atepa  for  ihia  purpose, — 

Hano  BuppoacB,  of  aecrel  inlelligBDCB  which,  however,  had  no  practical  re- 

giTen    by  Ratnorino, — diaartned,  and  ault.    It  is,  io  fact,  onlj  under  aibiirarj 

compelled  to  reluro  to  Switzerland.  gOTemmenls  that   teerel   sBsocialions 

Such  was  the  terniinilioa  of  this  ill-  can  ever  asonme  anr   importance,  or 

atarred,  and,  apparently,  not  rerr  well  inapireanyinisTeal.  Where  thefreedie- 

concerted  expedition.     Hano  retired  in  cnBiion  of   political   affairB   at  pubUs 

the  fint  place  to  GeneTa,and  afterwarda  meetings  and  through  the  press  ia  per* 

reanmed  hia  reaidence  at   Lachaume,  milted,  ctotj  enterpriae,  that  will  beat 

where  he  employed  himaelf  in  writing  esaminaltonj  naturallj  courts  publicitf , 

'  "  Memoirs  of  Tonng  Ttal;."  His  and  private  conapiraciea  cease  to  be 
Bsion  to  reside  in  France  had  leganled  aa  an  effective  means  of  pro- 
forfeited  by  his  concern  in  the  moting  a  political  purpose.  This  ro- 
late  expedition,  and  in  order  to  continue  suit  ia  appareol  from  the  recent  history 
St  Lachaume,  itwaaneceasarj  that  he  of  England,  and  atill  more  clearly 
should  maintain  a  alrict  incognito,  from  that  of  the  United  States.  Tha 
His  retreat  was  pretty  soon  discover-  attempt  of  Burt  ia  the  only  one  of  the 
ed  through  hia  relations  with  a  pub-  kind  to  be  found  in  our  annals ;  and 
liaher  at  Dijon,  whom  he  bad  employed  the  total  and  eaay  diaeomAture  of  this 
10  print  the  Hemoira  of  Young  Italv;  project,  though  undertaken  by  a  person 
and  finding  thai  he  was  abont  to  b«  de-  of  conaummate  talent,  ahows  how  en- 
Dcnnced,  he  thought  it  best  to  aniici-  tirely  foreign  it  was  to  the  genina  of 
ptie  the  movement  by  presenting  him-  our  institutions,  and  thepraeiical  habita 
aelf  in  person  to  the  Prefect,  as  if  just  of  the  people.  It  ia  to  causes  of  this 
arrived  from  Savoy.  The  latterwas  deacripiion,raiherthan tothesicessive 
apparently  pleased  with  the  frankness  nationaiity  of  feeling,  supposed  bj 
of  this  proceeding,  and  exhibited  to  Harro,that  we  shoula,  perhaps,  attri- 
Harroan  order  from  the  government  to  bute  the  failure  of  hiaatlemptBtoeslal>- 
aITeat  him  if  be  could  be  fonnd  in  the  liah  a  branch  of  the  European  Union 
Kingdom,  and  aeod  him  in  irona  to  the  at  London.  He  employed  himself 
northern  frontier.  In  consideration  of  apparently  with  more  sneceea  in 
hia  open  conduct,  the  Prefect  now  founding  the  Scandinavian  Union ;  on 
wrote  to  Paris  Ibt  freah  tnatructiona,  thia  subject  he  has  not  entered  into  aoy 
and  received  ordera  by  the  Telegraph  details. 

to  furnish  his  prisoner,  agreeably  to  his  While  he  waa  occupied  in  thia  way 

desire,  with  a  paaapoit  for   England,  at   London   he  received   an   invitation 

Tliia  was  accordingly  done,  and  be  pro-  from  a  frieod  in  Switaetland  to  return 

ceeded  forthwith   in  the  diligence  to  incognito  to  that   country,  and  reside 

Calaia,  where  he  embarked  for  Liondon.  with  him  at  hia  bouse  on  the   Lake  of 

A-t  Calais  bis  poetical  inspiration  was  Bienne.     He  accepted   this   proposal, 

revived  by  the    view   of    a  tta-bird,  and  taking  out  a  passport,  under  an  a»- 

which  he  aaw  hovering  over  the  shore,  snmed    name,    embarked  for  Ostend. 

and     be     commenced    the    series    of  Hia   movements,   it   seems,   were    all 

poems  uAe  I  wards  completed  and  pub-  strictly  watched,  and  intelligence  of  his 

liahed    at  London     under    that    title,  departure  from   London  was  conveyed 

It  forms  a  part  of  the  New  York  col-  to  the  continent  in  anticipation  of  hia 

lection.  arrival.  On  reaching  Oslend  he  waa 
Immediately  after  the  failure  of  the  immediately  arrested  and  thrown  into 
expedition  into  Savoy,  the  persona  most  prison.  Two  days  after  he  was  con- 
active  in  the  attempt  assembled  at  veyed,  under  escort,  aa  a  state  prison- 
Berne,  in  Switzerland,  where  Maziini  er,  to  Bruges,  and  there  committed  to 
Prepared  bisplaa  ofthe  association  nn-  another  place  of  confinement.  Het« 
er  the  title  of  Young  Europe,  alluded  he  found,  a  second  time,  by  bis  own  ez- 
to  before.  Information  of  this  move-  perience,  what  he  had  before  found  at 
ment  was  given  to  Harro  while  he  re-  Weissenburg,  that  the  recent  active 
muned  al  Lachaume,  and  he  was  in-  development  of  the  spirit  of  liberty  in 
vited  to  take  an  active  part  in  the  con-  Europe,  however  unaucceasful  in  many 
dnct  of  the  aociety.     On  his  departaie  respects,  bad  oot  been  enitrely  without 


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573                                             Bi^  Harring.                                       [Dee. 

its  pnielieal  eSeet.  Hia  frisnda  in  the  in-law  had  received  imporUot  appoint- 
North  interested  themBelvee  in  his  fa-  meats  from  the  GoTernment  of  Berae, 
TOr,  and  tome  of  them  engaged  the  md  from  regard  to  their  interest  it  wa» 
Braxilian  Consal  at  Bruges,  Mr.  Van  neceMaiy  tbat  he  should  avoid  anj 
Lede,  to  endeavor  to  obtain  his  releue.  close  connection  with  a  political  rsfu- 
Tfaia  gentleman  took  up  the  affair  with  gee.  Harro  found  a  temporar;  aavlum 
warmth,  and  proceeded,  in  person,  to  atlhecouatryreBideuoe  of  Major  Koh- 
BruBiels,  where  he  laid  it  befuce  a  ]er,  in  the  Canton  of  Berne,  where  he 
membcT  of  the  houae  of  Deputies.  It  was  for  some  time  seriouil;  ill,  proha- 
was  debated  for  two  dajs,  and  the  result  bly  from  the  effect  of  eontinaal  exeite- 
waa  that  the  goveinmeot  was  compell-  inent  acd  anxietj.  Here  he  wrote  a 
ed  to  recede.  An  order  wEta  despatch-  nnmber  of  poems,  some  of  wbich  ap- 
ed from  the  Home  Department  for  the  pear  in  the  New  York  eoUection. 
release  of  Hano,  who,  after  aeteral  At  this  time  Mazzini  was  residing 
week»'co[ifinement,round  himself  again  incagniCo  at  the  little  watering-place  of 
at  liberlj,  Scarcel;  was  he  out  of  pri-  La  Grange,  a  few  leagues  onl;  from  the 
BOD,  when  a  fresh  order  came  from  retreat  of  Hano.  The  two  friands 
Brnsaela,  directing  that  he  should  be  oecasionalij  saw  each  other,  aod  took 
aent  back  under  guard,  to  England,  coudbb]  together  upon  the  desltniea  of 
Again,  however,  the  aim  of  arhitrar;  Young  Euro^.  Something  was  amid 
power  was  paralyzed  by  the  prompt  in-  of  a  journey  into  Spain  (ot  llie  parpose 
tervention  of  the  law.  Tbs  Burgo-  of  eatabliahing' abranchof  the  asaocia- 
master  of  Bruges  refused  to  obey  the  tion  in  the  Penineola.  This  project 
order,  which  he  declared  to  be  illegal ;  was  given  up, but  Harro  states,  what  is, 
and  the  principal  law  officer  declined  to  la  fact,  pretty  well  known  from  other 
anthorize  the  employment  of  the  milt-  aourcea,  thai  all  the  constitutional 
tary  force.  The  Burgomaster  made  a  movements  in  Spain  have  been,  in  a 
iepoTttoBnia8ela,upoDa  viewofwhich  greater  or  less  degree,  connected  with 
theorder  was  reacinded,  and  permission  the  action  of  the  secret  politieal  asso- 
granted  to  Hairo  to  remain  at  Bruges,  oiations  that  existed  throughout  tli« 
He  afterwards  obtained  leave  to  visit  continent. 

Brussels  for  several  days.    Throughout  A  meeting  of  the  German  branch 

these  proeeedinga  we  see  the  old-fash-  of  the  association  had,  it  seems,  been 

ioned  spirit  of  arbitrary  power   Strug-  arranged  for  the  37lh  of  Hay,  1S36,  at 

gling  violently  with  tba  reatrainla  im-  the  village  of  La  Grange,  near  which 

posed  upon  it  by  the  legal  securities  for  Mazzini  resided.     Not   aware   of  this 

the  righla  of  individuals  afforded  in  the  circumstance,    for   the   operations,  of 

eonslitntion, — but  fortunately  struggling  "Young  Germany"  were,  at  this  time, 

in  vain.     This  is  a  favorable  oinen  for  carried   on   separately  from    those    of 

tba  future  progresa  of  political  improve-  "  Young  Europe,"  Harro  happened  to 

ment  on  the  continent  of  Europe.  select  the  same  day  for  one  of  bis  oc- 

Duiing  his  imprisonment  at  Bruges,  eisional  pedestrian   excursions   to  tfae 

Harro  wrote  a  tragedy  in  German,  en-  residence    of    his   friend,     which    he 

tiUed  "The  German    Maidens"  (Dt*  reached    on  the  evening  before   the 

Deuttche  Maedchen],  which  was  priot-  meeting.     The  Police  had  received  ia- 

•d  at  the  time  in  that  city,  and  prooaUy  formation  of  the  affair,  in  which  they, 

oontribnied  to  awaken  and  keep  alive  no  doQht,  supposed  that  the  two  friends 

the  inlereat  which  was  evidently  felt  in  weieengagedand  about  noon  on  the  S9th 

hia  behalf.  Mazzini  and  Harro  were  notified  that  a 

There  being  now  no  further  opposi-  detachment  of  troops  had  been  dea- 

tion  to  the  eoniinnance  of  his  conlem-  ^tcbed  from  Soleure  to  arrest  them. 

Jlated  journey  to  Switzerland,  he  left  Their  hotel  was,  immediately  after,  sar- 

tmges  on  the  last  of  July,  1835,  with  rounded  by  about  a   hundred  soldiers, 

theasmepasaportwhich  be  bad  taken  out  accompanied  by  seventeen  jtm-iTamiM, 

atLoodon, — proceeded  to  Paris,  where  and  three  police  ofGcera.     The  friends 

he  passed  a  fewdays, — and  thence,  bj  were  anested,  and  Masiini's  paper* 

wsj  of  TroyesaadDijon,lo  hiaplaceof  seized,   bat,    fortunately  for  him,   the 

deatination.     On  reaching  it,  however,  raoat    important   had  been   previoualj 

he  found  that  the  position  of  the  friend,  secured  through  the  aid  of  one  of  the 

who  had  invited  him  to  Switzerland,  female  attendants.    Having  despatched 

had  changed.    Hia  brothei  and  brother-  this  busineas,  the  escort  returned  with 


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I8«.]  Harro  Earring.  y/3 

tbeJT  prize  to  Solenre,  wbete  the  friends  cue  conld  bs  inquired  into  ud  decided 

were  receired  with  eiiiiitj  b;  the  mili*  on.    In  Mine  countriee  it  is  thouglu 

tmrr  (overnot  of  ihe  citj.  mote  natural  to  go  through  with  xha 

The  next  day  (Sunday)  the  Senate  formalily  of  hearing  and  deciding  oa 
of  Solenre  met  and  took  the  a&ir  into  the  case  before  depriTing  the  party  ae- 
oODsiileratton.  In  reTolotionary  times,  cnaed  of  his  liberty;  but  the  worthf 
-~4s  we  know  from  high  authoiity  in  Bernese  have,  at  laasi,  in  tbeii  ftvot 
this  country,— it  is  neual  to  take  great  the  authority  of  Virgil's  Judge  of  UeU, 
liberties  with  the  Sabbath.  At  this  Cattigaljat audilqui  doios.  Atlength 
meeting  amember  proposed  the  tronble-  aflet  mach  deliberation  and  delay  it 
some  qneition,  "Who  gave  the  ordera  waa  determined  that  Harro  should  re- 
fer the  moTement  of  the  troops  V  The  ceive  his  paesport.  He  aceoidinglr 
military  force,  it  seems,  was  not  legally  quitted  thin  hospitable  soil,  and  set  fortn 
at  the  disposal  of  Ihe  Police.  On  fur-  under  tbe  uaual  guard  of  two  gent- 
Urn  inquiry  it  turned  out  that  a  Russian  i"  arme*  well  provided  vrith  carbines  for 
agent  had  offered  the  Commlseary  of  Nenf-ChAtel, — a  possession  of  the  Kin{ 
Police  a  handsome  sum  of  money  for  the  of  Prussia.  He  was  here  accommodat- 
prisoners  and  that  the  latter  had  "  tak-  ed  wiib  lodgings  in  tbe  state's  prison, 
en  the  responsibilily," — withoutan^le-  which  he  describes  as  "the  most  horri- 
«d  wsTTani, — of  employing  the  soldiers,  ble  of  lhe/or(y-ei^Af,  which  it  has  been, 
The  matter  now  look  a  rather  seriona  at  different  times  m  his  life,  his  fortane 
turn,  for  in  Switzerland,  as  well  as  in  to  inhabit."  In  this  a^eeable  retreat 
France  and  Belgium,  there  is  already  a  he  had  the  pleasure  of^paasing  thirt;r- 
dim  perception  of  the  important  trnth,  six  houTs,  including  the  twenty-fonr  of 
that  it  is  the  business  of  the  Execntire  his  birth-day,  August  IB,  1S36.  On 
department  to  execnte  the  law,  and  not  lesring  this  fortress  ha  was  condocted 
to  make  or  break  it.  The  Russian  under  the  same  escort  as  before  Co  the 
agent,  who  was  still  at  Soleure,  found  French  frontier  town  of  Pontarjier. 
it  eouTenient  to  quit  the  place  immedi-  The  valley  through  which  tbe  road  \a,j 
atelj,  and  the  Commissary  was  remov-  is  celebrated  for  the  liberal  spirit  ofthe 
ed  from  oSce.  The  Senate  then  or-  inhabitants,  and  he  receivea  at  every 
dered  the  two  priaoners  to  be  set  at  hb-  station  marks  of  their  sympathy,  but 
erty  on  condition  that  they  shoold  leave  was  not  permitted  by  the  escort  to  com- 
the  conntrj  (ibe  Canton  of  Soleure)  mDnicate  with  tbem.  At  Pontarlierh* 
immediately  and  never  return  to  it.  remained  a  number  of  days  in  prison, 
They  were  Ibns  exiled  from  Soleure ;  and  then  set  forth  again  with  a  fresh 
and,  no  donbt,  felt  as  unpleasantly  abont  escort  of  French  gnards,  including,  for 
it,  as  Diogenes  did  wbeo  he  received  hia  greater  satisfaction,  a  Brifpidiei 
at  Athens  tbe  decree  that  banished  him  stationed  in  the  carriage,  on  his  way  to 
from  bis  native  ntj  of  Sinope, — a  little  Calais.  Althoagh  travelling  in  this  rath- 
fii^iing.viltageon  the  coast  of  iheBlack  er  dtsigreeable  company,  and  though 
Sea.  Hsxiini  returned  to  hia  former  regularly  committed  to  priaon  every 
retreat  at  Lagrange.  Harro  visited  evening  on  reaching  his  etation,  he  ds- 
enceessively  sever^  places  in  SwilEer-  scribes  Ihe  jonmey  as  a  very  intei- 
land,  but  finding  himself  everywhere  estlng  one.  The  wardens  of  the  ser- 
bampered  by  the  Police,  determined  to  eral  prisons,  who  were  geeeraJly  saper* 
go  back  to  England.  annuated  officers  ofthe  Great  Army,  r»- 

He    accordingly   addressed    a  let-  ceired  him  with   extreme  cordiality, 

-tei    to    tbe    foreign    department    of  and   he  [>assed  his  evenings    pleas- 

'the    VoTort,   or    general    government  snlly  nntil  it  waa  time  for  him  to  be 

of    the    Swiss     Coofederacy,     then  locked  up.    At  Arras  tbe  party  leoeiT- 

.-etationed  at  Berne,  reanesiing  a  pass-  ed  the  addition  of  a  secret  agent  of  the 

tioTt  for  this  purpose.     He  was  invited,  French    GoveromeDt,  calling  himself 

■tn  consequence,  to  proceed  to  Berne  and  the  Const  de  Bertliola,  whom  Harro 

receive  it.     On  arriving  at  that  place,  bad  previously  known  aa  a  spy  and  who 

■in  compliance   with   the  inviution,  he  left  them  at  Calais.     On  lbs    16th  of 

waa,  at  once,  honored  with  a  guard  of  September,  1B36,  Harro  reached  Dover 

nine  geiu-d'armet,  and  the  next  day  and  proceeded  directlj  to  London, 
politely  conducted  to  prison,  till  his 


Digi 


zcdbyGoOl^Ic 


Sarr^  Sarratg. 


CBAFTMt   Till. 

Thb  iatertal  betneea  tliia  time  uid  it   ought    not    to    be    diicussed    be- 

the   ftiriTkl   of    Harro   in   the   United  rorehind   at   a.  pnblio  meeting.     This 

St>it«B  in  NoTembor,  1843,  wm  occq-  opinion  ina  adopted  by  a  greu  nujori- 

piedby  another  Odjuey  of  adventares,  tj  of  the  persona  present,  and  nothing 

•nalogona  in  cbaTacter  to  thoaa  which  further  wns  said  apon  the  subject.    Oq 

'   I  have  already  related,  but  which   it  quilting  the  houie,  Harro  made,  in  iha 

will  be  necesaary  to  treat  lomewbat  hearing  of  aeteralperBaus,  some  ntbet 

more   conciselj   in  order  to  keep  this  pointed  remarks  upon  the  absurdity  of 

•ketoh  wiUiin  a  moderate  compass.     It  organizing   a   conspiracy   at   a  pnblie 

is  worthy  of  remark,  and  it  is  not  rery  meeting.     No  one  present  took  excep- 

creditabletotbg  parlies  concerned,  that  tioD  to  these  obeeiTaiions ;  but  a  few 

the  most  violent  and  illegal   infringe-  days  afterwards   he  recelred  from   a 

ments  of  his  personal  liberty  took  plaee  German  residing  at  the  time  in  London 

within  the  jurisdiction  of  the  British  a  note  to  the  following  effect : 

Oovemment  and  under  the  orders  of  its  "Although  I  am  not  a  poUiica]  lefo- 

sg>enis.  tree,  nor  a  member  of  the  John  stroet 

After  establishing  himself  at  London  Society,  I  sometimes  go  to  tho  boose 

he  resunaed   hia    literary  labors,   and  where  it  meets  to  drink  a  glass  of  boer, 

completed   the   two    first   volumes   of  and  I  demand  from  yoa  a  declaratioB 

hia  Memoirs,   which  cover  the  period  that  you  did  not  intend  to  iosalt  me  by 

preoediag  the  year  1833.    These  toU  the  renutrks  which  yon  made  npon  the 

nmes  were  offered   to   the   bookseller  proposed  expedition  to  Spain." 

Colbum  for  publication  ;  bnt  the  Read-  Harro  replied  "  that  he  should  haia 

er  attached  to  bis  establishment,  after  an  extensive  eorietpoadenee    on  his 

taking  cognisance  of  the  work,  suggest-  hands  if  he  were  required  to  account  to 

ed  so  many  alterations'  in  its  lone  and  every   person  wbo  came  to  drink  bear 

chaneter  in  order  to  accommodate  it  at  the  same  house,  for  language  med 

better  to  the  taste  of  the  British  public,  at  a  meeting  of  the  Society,  and  at 

that   the  author  preferred  tn  abandon,  which  no  member  had  taken  offence." 

for  the  time,  the  idea  of  printing  it.     It  The  result  was  a  personal  affrav,  and 

has  since  been  finished  by  the  addition  finally    a  dueL        As    Ifae    chalfengei 

of  three  more  volumes  ;  and  will  form,  was,  no  doubt,  a  private  agent  of  the 

when  published,  as  I  have  remarked  foreign  police,  and  was,  in  S.I  leapeeta, 

before,   oDe   of   the   most    interealing  a  very  suspicious  person,  Harro  made 

commentaries,  that  has  yet  appeared,  it  a  condition  of  acceptance,  that  the 

on  the  history  of  the  late  revolutionary  parties  should  be  accompanied  by  se- 

novements  of  Europe.  coitde.      Hia  opponent  could  find  no 

Alittle  incident  occurred  at  this  time,  one  at  London  to  act  in  this  capacity, 

^   which  placed  the  life  of  Harro  in  dan-  and   the   affair   remained  in   auspeDse 

ger,  and  which  is  worth  relating  as  it  until  the  atiival  from  the  Continent  of 

exhibits  one  of  the  rarious  modes  em-    -  " ■' --    '     *''  ' 

ployed  by  the  polioe  of  Europe  to  get  . 

lid  of  persona  wbo  make  themselves  der   the   protection  of  Russia.      The 

obnoxious  to  the  powers  that  be.  duel  look  place  on  the  9th  of  Mareht 

Harro  was  in  the  habit  of  meeting  1837,  and  was  largely  commented  np- 

oocmaionally  with  a  number  of  other  on  by  the  Times  and  other  newspaper* 

axiles  at  a  hotel  in  Jobn  street,  Lon-  of  the  day.     Harro  received  a  ball 

don,  for  the  purpose  of  conferring  pub-  near  the  heart,  which  it  was  found  im- 

licly  on  the  political  a^ra  in  which  possibtetoextract.andwhicbremaiiisiii 

they  foH  ui  intereat.    At  s  meeting  of  hia  body  to  the  present  time.     He  was 

tiii*  kind  it  waaao^etted  byoneof  the  considered  as  mortally  wonnded  ;  but 

weaker  brethren,  that  it  would  be  ex-  alter  languishing  for  some  weeks,  he 


pedienttooiganiteaainvsaionofSpain  finally   lecovered    hia    health. 

with  an  armed  force  for  tbe  purpose  of  apparent  upon  the  face  of  this  trans- 

establishing  a  repabiiean   goveroment  action  that  it  was,  from  first  to  last,  a 

in  that  country.     Harro  opposed  this  plot  contrived  by  a  secret  agent  of  tbe 

•nggestion,  remarking,  thai  if  it  were  foreign  police  against  tbe  life  of  Harro; 

proper  to  make  such  an  atl«mpt  at  all,  and  it  js  mncb  to  be  regretted  that  jje  , 

Cjoogic 


1U4.]  Barro  Sarring.  £75 

•honld  hftTe  pennitted  faimieir  to  be  Notwiihstandiog  the  preoiniionH  which 
drawn  by  inj  natural  impulse  or  false  he  bid  t«ken,  and  which  might,  per- 
notioo  ot  honor  into  the  Bnaie.  Hia  haps,  have  appealed  anperfiuou*,  if 
bult,  bowerer,  ia  a  venial  one,  compar-  their  oecesBitj  had  not  been  shown  bf 
ed  with  the  atrocious  treachery  and  aQbeeqaent  events,  it  appears  that  the 
meanness  displayed  in  the  conttiTaoce  agents  of  the  Hnssian  police  at  Ham- 
of  the  scheme;  and  which  we  may  burg  were  informed  of  tiis  arrival,  and 
venture  to  hope,  waa  not  authoriiad  by  immediately  opeoed  a  cnmoiunicatioii 
any  one  of  higher  preteniions  to  te-  with  the  governor  of  the  island,  id 
spectability  thui  an  Agent  of  the  Po-  whom  they  found  a  very  complaiaant 
Uce.  and  unaciupuloue  assiatant.    Hacro  had 

Oneof  the  results  of  this  unfortunate  no  sooner  reached  the  island  than  he 
affair,  wat  a  leconciliation  between  perceived  that  he  was  himself  watched, 
Harro  and  his  friend  Maxxini.  They  aDd,aftera  shDrttime,he  wassummon- 
had  been,  for  some  time,  alienated  from  ed  on  some  frivolous  pretext  to  appear 
each  other  in  consequence  of  some  dif-  at  the  police  office.  Seine  stiJI  u)  a 
ferences  that  occurred  in  Switzerland,  very  fbeble  condition  from  the  eSect  of 
and  had  not  leoewed  their  inteTconise  his  wouod,  and  wishing  to  avoid  th« 
at  London,  where  Maszini  also  waa  excitement  of  a  pnblio  examination,  bo 
now  a  refugee.  On  hearing  of  the  employed  a  friend  to  appear  for  him, 
accident  that  had  occurred  to  Hairo,  and  oSer  a  certiGcate  from  aphysiciaa 
Maizini  immediateljr  flew  to  his  bed-  of  the  state  of  hia  health.  The  police 
side,  and  waa  indefatigable  in  his  atten-  court  refused  to  listen  to  the  suhstilute, 
tioDs  to  him  through  the  whole  period  sammoned  Harro  for  another  day,  and 
of  hia  illness.  Their  relations  ever  on  his  adopting  the  same  course  as  be- 
aince  have  been  of  the  same  cordial  fore,  sent  him  a  peremptory  order  to 
character  as  they  had  been  before  their  leave  the  island  in  three  days.  He  re- 
interropIioD.  qnested  time  to  appeal  to  the  govern- 

During  the  aoiilary  honrs  of  his  long  ment  at  London,  but  this  was  refused ; 
confinement,  the  thoaghta  of  the  unfor-  and  he  was  informed  that  he  would  be 
Innate  proecript  had  often  ref  erted  to  landed  at  anv  point  on  the  Continent 
his  native  conntrj.  He  had  been  ab-  that  he  might  prefer,  Coneiderii^ 
sent  sixteen  years  from  Denmark,  and  these  proceedinge  as  entirely  illegu, 
twenty  from  the  part  of  the  Kingdom  Harro  did  not  think  it  necessary  to 
where  he  was  born,  aud  had  paBsed  the  sabmit  to  them,  and  wrote  immediately 
period  of  his  infancy.  He  now  felt  an  to  Lord  Dudley  Stuait,  the  President 
irresistible  longing  to  revisit  these  of  one  of  the  Societies  for  the  relief  of 
scenes,  and addiesaed  several  letters  to  the  political  refugees,  giving  him  S 
his  friends  in  Denmark  on  the  sobject,  statement  of  the  case,  which  was  com- 
to  which  he  received  very  cordial  an-  monicated  by  him  to  Lord  Glenetg, 
ewers.  In  order  to  be  able  to  commu-  then  at  tlie  head  of  the  Colonial  de- 
nicate  more  freely  with  bis  family, and    partment.     No  steps  were  taken  at  i 

&cilitate  the  arrangements  necessary  the  time  to  enforce  the  order,  and  Harro 
for  hia  return,  he  determined,  Immedi-  remained  unmolested  about  two  months, 
ately  after   hia  restoration  to  health,  to    when  the  brlg-of-war  Partridge  arriveid 

S>  to  Heligoland,  a  little  island  in  the  at  the  island  ostensibly  io  pursuit  of  pi- 
erman  ocean,  opposite  to  the  Coast  jates.  The  next  day  the  eommanilar 
of  Soolb  JuUand,  too  insignificant  in  presented  himself  at  Harro's  lodgings, 
ordinary  times,  to  attract  any  Btteniioo,  aocompanied  by  six  marines  and  two 
bat  which  rose  into  some  temporary  police  oflicera,  and  ordered  Harro  to 
importance,  daring  the  interruption  of  follow  him  to  hia  ^ip,  Hario  demand- 
intercourse  between  Great  Britain  and  ed  hia  warrant,  and  finding  that  he  had 
the  Contineot,  as  a  station  for  the  coo-  none,  refused  to  comply  with  the  or- 
tiabaad  trade.  It  was  previously  an  der.  He  was  then  seized  by  the  sol- 
appendage  EolheKingdomof  Denmark,  diere,who  tied  his  hands  behind  hin, 
but  waa  now  occupied  by  Great  Brit-  and  carried  him  by  force  on  board  the 
ain,  and  had  been  placed  under  the  Partridge.  The  officers  received  him 
government  of  Sir  Henry  King.  with  kindness,  and  after  being  informed 

Inorderlo  reach  thiBplace,HaTro  em-  ofthe  particulars  of  the  a9air,eipre98ed 
barked  incq^lo  in  a  steamer  for  Ham*  their  great  surprise  at  lbs  mode  of 
burg,  and  proceeding  thence  in  a  He-    proceeding  which  bad  been  adopted.    ^  ~-  i 

ligoland  fiabing  boat  to  bis  destinatioD.     Their     orders   from    the  Admiraltj  ^_iOOQ  IC 


tn                                            Barro  Barring.  [Dm, 

weie  to  appreheDd  a  comnioii  pinte,  from  notM  at  the  cIom,  thtt  eseh  put 

and  ii  wm  nnder  that  cbaracter  that  wu  composed  in  ■  aingle  nigbt.-    Itii 

Buiv  had  been  delirered  to  Ihem  b;  no  doubt  tnia,  as  Sheridan  remaTked, 

the  gof  emor.     Two  dajs  after  he  wm  that   very   euy  writiag   is   apt  to  btt 

kgieeably  sarpriaed  bj  a  viait  from  ntherhard  leading:  and  it  i* acareelj 

eeveral  of  hia  relativei   and   friends,  probable  that  these  effusions  would  bo 

i*ho  hod  come  over  from  Denmark  ex-  found,  on  oritiea)  inspection,  to  posseai 

presslj  to  lea  him.    Among  them  were  the  highest  maiarit;  of  ibought,  or  Git- 

two  of  his  female  couaina,  and   a  le-  ish  of  style.     I   have    not   exaniDed 

aeeat  was  presented  in  their  name  to  ihsm  eufficientlr  to  form    a  decided 

toe  BDthorities,  that  he  might  be  per-  opinion  of    their  litenrj  rslae ;    bat 

nitted  to  remain  ashore  on  bis  f>aiole  from  a  cursor;  perasal   I  should  aajr 

while  the  ahip  wae  in  port.    This  was  that  they  are  spirited,  nerroos,  and  el»- 

lefused,   and   he  was  eren   prohibited  pnt  poems,  possessing,  indepeodentlj 

from  iecei*iag  Tieits  on  board  the  ahip.  of  the  eironmstances  under  w^icb  ther 

The  next  week  the  Partridge  put  to  were  composed,  neartj  all  the  ment 

aea,  and  on  reachilg  the  British  ooast,  that  can  well  belong  to  works  of  this 

lie  was  landed  at  Sheeinese.     He  pro-  claiw.    As  apeeimans  of  r^id  compo' 

caeded  at  once  to  London,  where  he  allien,  (hej  are  not  snrpassed  eren  hy 

learned  from  Lord  Dudley  Stuart,  that  the  miraculoos  facility  of  Lope  de  Ve- 

a  statement  of  his  ease  had  been  irans-  ger,  who  describes  himself  as  haTiog 

mitted  to  the  Colonial  department,  and  ireqoeDtty  written  an  eotire  drtuna  in  a 

employed  a  lawyer,  recommended  by  day. 

Lord  Dudley,  to   take  charge  of  it, —  Harro  also  wrote  at  Jersey  a  short 

letiring  himself,  in  the  mean  time,  to  poem,  entitled  "  The  Uh  of  Treathe- 

the  island  of  Jersey.     While  ihere,  he  ry"  {Die  Instl  iet  Yerralh»),  coBtain- 

nceired  seTcral  letters  from  his  law-  ing  a  lirely  description  of  the  incidenta 

Ter,who  stated  that  remonstrances  had    that  occurred  at  Heligc 

been  sent  from  the  island,  indicating  a 
"strong  and  general  feeling  among  the 

inhabitants    ID  bis  faror," — and  ex-  Id  the  meantime  his  affair  aeama  to 


pressed  his  intention  to  hsTe  the  afibir,  hare  made  do  progress  at  London. 
if  necessary,  brought  before  Parlia-  the  private  report  from  the  poUoo 
ment.  office  at  Heligoland  to  the  goremment. 
The  impression  made  npon  his  mind  which  had  been  shown  to  him  by  iba 
tiy  this  treatment  in  regard  to  the  Brit-  Captain  of  tbe  Partridge,  there  wm  no 
ish  oharaeter,  was,  of  course,  not  very  specific  charge  against  him  ;  and  the 
faTomhte ;  and  during  his  residence  in  only  gronnds  alleged  for  the  Tiolent 
the  island  of  Jersey,  he  embodied  his  proceedings  of  the  aatfaorities  were 
sentiments  on  the  subject  in  a  satirical  that  hU  dog  kai  had  9  Jight  itUh  an- 
poem  entitled  Britannia.  This  work  eihtr  dog,  and  that  he  was  known  aa  a 
»  one  example,  among  many  others,  of  political  refogee.  As  a  political  refa- 
Harro's  remarkable  facility  in  compos-  gee  he  reoeired  regularly  an  allowanea 
ing,  both  in  prose  and  rerse.  The  from  tbe  goTerament,  which  thns  pen- 
poem  is  in  three  parts,  each  containing  sinned  him  ihrough  the  band*  of  one 
aboot  fifty  stanzas,  oflecarima.  It  was  agent  for  precisely  the  same  reason 
written,  as  appears  from  a  note  at  the  for  which  they  persecuted  him  through 
elose  in  the  New  York  edition  of  hispo-  those  of  «DDlher.  Notwithstanding- 
ems,  in  fioo  ifoyt,  August  Bih  and  Qtfa,  the  erident  ineoneisteney  of  sra;h  k 
IB38, — BfewstaniaahaTin^beenenbee-  courae,and  the  not  less  CTident  ill*- 
quently  inserted.  It  is  a  spirited,  and  in  gality  of  the  Governor's  proceedinga 
puts  rigorous  satire  on  the  foibles  of  against  him,  he  found  it  impossible  to 
John  Bull,  in  the  Beppo  style,  and  bear-  bring  him  to  Justice.  Perhaps  bis  want 
iDgnomaTkaofnegligenceoihaste.  An-  of  familiarity  with  legal  forms,  aod  tha 
oUter  example  of  the  same  kind  is  to  be  indilference  of  those  who  condneted  ^ 
fbondin  a  Utile  work  published  in  New  his  affairs  to  the  wrongsof  afrieodleas 
York  during  the  present  year,  nnder  and  perseonted  foreigner,  may  h^s 
the  title  of  "  Epialles  to  the  Fonrier-  contributed  to  produce  this  result.  In 
ista."  This  is  a  collection  of  poems  in  April  of  the  following  year  (1839), 
two  parts,  each  eoniuning  about  fifty  having  infited  some  members  of  bu 
•tanzaa    eftova  rima  ;  and  it  appears  fiunily  to  meet  him  at  Heligoland,  aad  > 


1&44.]  Sarro  Ettrrmg.  STT 

apparently  presaming  thtt  ibe  Go*eni-  Sir  Henry  Kiag  hu  sioco  bean 
or  vould  DotTeatare  to  perieTeie  in  a  remoTsd  from  office. 
conrse  which  appeued  to  have  been  During  hn  stay  at  Boideanx,  Hsno 
geneiallj  diaappioved,  he  determined  completed  the  Uemoin  of  hia  lifis, 
to  letuiD  to  the  island.  Embarking,  whioh  he  had  begun  at  London,  anl 
foe  this  purpose,  with  a  paaaporl  fiom  vrote  a  drama  on  the  sobject  of  Mom*. 
the  Mayor  of  St.  Uelier,  where  he  He  aloo  amnsed  himself  at  times  with 
leaided,  in  a  Jersey  Teasel  bound  for  the  pencil.  In  the  spring  of  the  firi- 
tke  mouth  of  the  Elbe,  ha  found  on  ar-  lowing  year,  one  of  his  friends  at  Bor- 
riving  there  a  Heligoland  fishing  boat,  deanx,  who  waa  about  making  a 
called  the  Patriot,  which  took  him  on  voyage  to  Rio  Janeiro,  aolicited  his 
board  and  landed  him  on  the  island,  on  company.  He  accepted  this  pr^oeal, 
the  evening  of  the  first  of  May.  He  paaaed  the  snmmer  in  thai  city,  and  in 
was  not  long,  bowsTer,  in  ascertaining  the  antaaiD  returned  to  England.  Ai- 
that  the  calealations  which  he  had  riving  at  Dover,  he  embarked  in 
made  upon  a  change  at  purpose  oi  con-  the  steamer  for  Ostend,  intending  to 
duct  in  the  GoTBcnor,  were  erroneoaB.  spend  the  winter  with  his  old  ftienda 
On  going  out  the  next  morning  to  tisit  at  Bruges ;  but  hefore  he  could  go  on 
bia  friends,  he  was  arrested  in  the  shore  be  was  snrrouaded  by  foni  police 
street  by  two  police  officers,  and  car-  officers,  escorted  nndA  arrest  to  Bra- 
lied  by  force  to  the  port.  Here  he  ges,  and  Iheace  back  again,  always  un- 
was  put  on  hoard  the  Patriot,  which  aer  arrest,  to  Ostatid,  where  he  waa 
was  ordaied  to  land  him  somewhere  oa  shipped  for  Iiondon-  All  this  lime  be 
the  coast  of  the  continent.  Determin-  waa  provided  with  a  passport  in  dne 
ed  not  to  expose  himself  to  the  tender  form,  from  the  Emperor  of  Braiil.  On 
mercies  of  the  Russian  police,  and  his  arrival  at  London  he  represented 
seeing  no  other  way  to  make  his  the  afiair  to  the  Brazilian  Ambassador, 
eeeape,  he  leaped  overboard,  ihongh  the  Marquis  of  Lisboa,  who  directed 
not  able  to  swim.  He  was  rescued  the  Charge  at  Brussels  to  inquire  into 
from  drowning  by  a  citizen  of  the  the  matter.  In  a  few  days  an  answer 
island,  brought  oa  shore,  carried  to  was  received  from  that  place,  to  the 
a  neighboring  hotel,  and  put  to  bed  ;  effect  that  there  had  been  a  mistake  in 
but  scarcely  had  this  little  arrangement  the  proceedings,  and  that  Harro  might 
been  oompleled,  when  the  officers  ap-  return  to  Bruges  whenever  he  thought 
peated  again,  with  an  order  from  the  proper.  He  preferred,  however,  re- 
Govcrnoi  to  convey  him  once  mora  on  maming  in  Englaitd,  where  he  employ- 
board  the  Patriot.  This  was  executed,  ed  himself  in  preparing  an  accoant  of 
aotwithalanding  his  vigorous  remon-  his  residence  at  Rio  in  the  French  lan- 
atianoes,  and  the  boat  set  sail  at  once  guage,  occupying  two  volumes,  Svo., 
£)r  the  coast  of  the  conlinent.  Afier  and  illustrated  by  thirty  drawings.  This 
diey  had  been  ont  about  twentj-four  work  waa  eoropleted,  but  the  expenses 
hoars,  they  eneottniered  a  French  ves-  of  publication  were  fouad  to  be  so  great, 
eel  bound  to  Boidesni.  Harro  auc-  that  it  still  remains  in  mannscript. 
eeeded,  though,  as  he  saye,  with  great  He  continued  his  friendly  relationa 
difficulty,  in  prevailing  upon  the  com-  with  Lord  Dudley  Stuait,  who  p»- 
mander  of  the  Patriot  to  permit  him  to  sented  him  to  the  Duke  of  Sussex,  welt- 
go  on  board  of  this  ship,  in  which  he  known  as  a  professed  patron  of  leani- 
arrived  safely  in  Trance.  Soon  after  ing  and  friend  of  liberal  principles.  It 
bis  arrival  he  publiahed,  in  a  separate  .  does  not  appear,  however,  that  the  ao- 
■heel,  a  statement  of  the  occurrences  quaintaoce  of  those  "  illuslrions  person* 
aX  Heligoland,  under  the  title  of  a  D«-  agea"  was  of  any  great  use  to  him.  He 
elaralion  of  Mr.  Harro  Harrmg,  derived  more  assistance  from  that  of  a 
from  whioh  the  details  above  given  are  yon ng  Armenian  of  CoiistantiDople,  who 
mostly  BXItaeted.  Tliis  paper  was  introduced  htm  to  the  Turkish  Ambas- 
pTobaLbly  bronght  to  the  knowledge  of  sador  and  to  the  other  officers  of  that 
the  British  government,  but  it  does  not  Embassy.  By  them  he  was  tre«ted 
appear  that  any  steps  were  taken  upon  with  extreme  kindness,  and  occasional- 
the  subject,  which  is  not  mentioned  ly  employed  aa  an  artiat.  Cemideriiig 
--afterwards  in  the  notea.  It  is  stated,  that  charity  is  commonly  claimed  by 
Jionever,    in  another  connection,  that  Christiana  as  a  peculiarly  Chhstituivir- 


TOL.   XV. MO.   LXITin.  39 


)g,t,zcd=yG00g|c 


B78  Bam  EaTring.  [Dm. 

toe.  It  ii  rather  •ingolar.thftt*  Christian  "«"'■  Thai  thought  wm  in  my  miad, 
and  poet  in  diBlresi,  ihould  haTo  found  ''''"'  '  *"'  """  ^0°'  *''™  V"  'rea'o* 
ia  the  vast,  populoua  and  wealihv  Em-  ""  "'"'  «•  '"°'=!'  ''■■'^■"?*.  "■»  s""""*  t" 
poriumofChtiBtendom  nodooropenta  encourage  n>e  ..devoting  rDywir  to  the 
EimforrBiiBfexceptinglhatoftheTuik-  ?"«  1*T"°' !.' rVlf "j^"";  J^,::r 
iah  Embaasv  '  ^  la  you,  the  pronil**  of  t  briUiatit  Inlnre, 
xi,-^^''  ■..  ..  ,  .  ,.,  opening  upon  the  north, — the  poMibilitr 
Fatigued  wih  the  wandennB  life  of  «re^neiIiation«nODgkiodr«Jn.iioi«, 
Wliicli  he  had  led  for  so  many  yeaw,  now  Kpareied  by  abiard  and  annatntat 
nw  thoughts  revBried  again,  with  aaiaMeitiet,  in  ahmt,  a  [/mm^aif&n- 
aniiouB  longing,  to  hia  native  eountry.  rftueia.  I  taw.  Browing  ont  of  Ihia 
His  old  psttOQ  and  friend,  the  Crown  Union,  a  fin^I«te  power, — urmig  in  its 
Prinea,  had  now  become  Ving.  Harro  unity,  and  Ibllj  competEnt  to  pioteet  it- 
determined  to  make  a  peisonal  appeid  lelf  frim  aggteuion  by  land  or  sea, — 
to  his  kiadnesa,  for  perausaion  to  re-  spreading  its  ample  population  from  the 
torn  to  Denmark,  and  pass  the  remain-  North  Cape  to  the  River  Eider,— com- 
dei  of  hia  days  in  retirement  with  his  ^ii'°R  '"  >^  friendly  embrace,  all  the 
frieada  and  flmily.  Ho  aocordingly  5'^^^""  .''"°'*«  "^  ""«  P«.">d'nayi«n 
wrote  a  petition  to  the  king  to  this  S=l''^  ,^:*'   ^'^^^  ""»   e'""""" 

effect,   which    he    delivered    to    the  RS'°°',l'^''Vln2;  m^w  ?n  ^.^Hf.' 

*, -  .    riL.  ~i  iMir  ■         .  T      ]  Oq  no !  you  (tood  lar  bigber  in  my  anil- 

Damah  Charge  d'Affairea  at  London,  ^ipsiion,-!  beheld    tn  you  the    ftlnre 

who  promised  to  transmit  it  to  Copen-  M'«ftt«gio«  ofOu  N«rtl>^~-*  etear  and  ftr. 

■!?'?■  ,  *  """  ""onlhs  elapwd,  during  .ightrf  p.^^^  ,^10  ahoiiM  rmd  with  oa- 

which   Harro   made   an  eicursion   to  erring  sagacity,  the  signs  of  tba  times,— 

Belgium.     Finding  on  his  tetuin,  that  diiceni  the  noble  object!  for  which  the 

no  answer  had  been  received  at  the  world    fg    now    straggling,  and  eoneui 

Danish  Legation,  he  gave  spall  expec-  wilhont  hesitation,  in  promoting  them  by 

tslion  of  anceess  in  that  quarter,  and  avoloatarycacrifiee  of  bin  own  hereditary 

addressed  to  the  king  aaort  of  farewell  dignity ;— one,  who  woald  rather  be  the 

epistle;  which  he  delivered  at  the  Le-  greatest  mak  in  the  North,  than  the  least 

gation,  and  aflorwaids  published  in  a  of  ""e  Itiop  of  Europe. 

ooUeclion  of  hia  poems  at  RJo.     If  the  „  "  J"  ttie  portrait  unlike  the  original  T 

king   retained,   under   the   weight    of  ^"^^^  jou  cannot  but  reeognae  <t.     It 

new   responeibilitiea  connected    with  S  VL"-*^  *'".*'.%"?•".  ^ ''""'"!5 '*"• 

It..  »~..^    ...       r  .L     r    r_       ~f  ki.  Nothing  which  hat  Since  occurred,  e«n 

theciown.  any  of  the  foeiings  of  his  ^„„  t,,' ( r^^i.   i  then  intended  to  be^e 

earlier  years,  ho  cau  hardly  have  read  ,  ^„,„_      j^  ,hi,  portrait  u  a 

thn   address   wnhont   some   emotion,  memorial  of  onr  former  relations:  it  U 

Sltheugti  a  regard  for  the  policy  of  his  luiOTical,  and  perhaps,  not  the  wont  that 

Cerfol   neighbor*,   and   alliea,   may  I  have  eiecnted.    It  is,  in  fact,  yonr  own 

•  compelled  him  to  leave  it,  as  he  work:  yon  gave  me  the  idea,  and  iflhcie 

did,  wilhont  a  reply.  be  any  merit  in  the  execution,  I  owe  il 

The  letter  is  too  long  to  be  inserted  to  the  inspiration  which  I  caogbl  froB 

here  entire.     The  concluding  passage*  the  view  of   yonr    youthful    character, 

will  give   some   idea  of  iu  tone  and  Keep  it  then,  but  in  yonr  private  aparl- 

apirit.     After  alluding  to  his  acquaint-  ""»;  for  it  would  not  be  in  place  ia  a 

snce  with  the  king  in  early  Ufe,  and  '"■'B''  Mbinet. 

Mviewing  aommarily  hia   own  aubee-        "  Thjs  dream  has  passed  awayj  tnt,n 

qoent  biatory,  he  adierts  to  the  king's  f"*'r  "u"^,,'"".'^".''"  '^'?-/  ,'!^ 

^s^'^r  '^"'^•'"--8-'"''  ^e^r:SoV'r^.i;:;;T.'Srs"s 

and  patnoue  stylo .  ,he  fobirf  Morning  of  the  Gods.     As  the 
power  and  maileiy  of  Odin  sank  tn  dark- 

"And  now,  toconclade,  one  word  on  nesi,  so  thai)  arbitrary  government  dis- 

Scandinavia.    In  onr  northeni  regions,  appear  from  among  ns :  a  light  shall  go 

Sir,  there  dwelh  a  race  whose  rights,  np  o»er  Norway,  clear  and  steady  aa  the 

handed  down  from  remote   antiqnity   in  Polar  Star,  and  shall  draw  mea  lowardt  it 

aellled  principles,  were  some  years  ago  with  myiteriooiinflnence,  and  shall  peae- 

embodied  in  a  eonslitntion,  which,  if  not  trate  their  JDmosI  souls  with  faith  ud 

entirely  perfect,  was,  perhaps,  the  best  self-sacrifice  and  power.    Then  sball  the 

that  has  iret  been  publiihed  to  the  world,  people  awake  from  their  slambers  and 

To  you.  Sir,  was  Norway  Lndcbtcd  for  bcandinavis  (ball  begin  to  be, 
this  noble  present :  you  were  the  author        "  And  now  God  be  with  jon  and  me. 

of  this  admirable  plan  of  popular  govern-  -Your  name  is  enrolled  on  the  book  ef 


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kiBfi  I  mine,  Aonld  it  reicli  potterivr,  I  proposed  to  offer,  of  the  prineiptl  ia- 

win  be  recorded  oq  the  li>l  of  propheh,  eidants  in  thia  adTCnlurooi  and  varied 

and  '  a  propel  ii  aot  wilhout  honor,  «-  ijft.     Though  in  general  a  naked  oot- 

eeptinKioIiiaown  eonntrj.'    TTieftenre  ij^e   it  ha.  proved  a  rather  more  eiten- 

»al  d«,de   betir«n  t...  and  God  w. 11  ,;„  ^^rk  than  I  had  anticipated  :  bat 

jodg=n.  both.  Unfriendly  wiTon  haye  if  ihe  aubject  should  appenVto  othert  . 
lieen  to  me,  I  prmj  that  he  mav  giant  Ton  ■  ,         '■        """"'"  "J'l^'"  '"  """''■ 

hit  bleaaine "  'o         j  ft«  interesting  aa  11  haa  done  lo  me,  the 

narrative  will  not  be  thought  tedious. 

Claiming  no  other  merit  than  that   of 

Thus  termintled  the  onea  beautiful  tianalatinff  and  arranging  the  roateriala 

utd  appsrentlj  autpieiona  relation  be-  commtttea  to  me,  1  may  venture  to  say 

twMn  HaiTo  and  the  Crown  Prince  of  ofit,  that  it  strikea  me  asin  itself  aoD< 

Deninaf  k.     The  hietory  of  it  illustrates  rious  and  not  uninelruclive  caroroentary 

but  too  clearljr  the  true  value  of  patron-  on  the  history  of  the  times.   I  tmet  that 

age,  and  the  good  sense  of  the  brief,  it  may  inspire  some  inteteit  in  favor  of 

but  lignifieant  maxim  of  Holy  Writ :  the  persecuted  patriot  and  poet,  whose 

**  Put  not  yoor  truat  in  Princes."  fortunes  it  describes.     In  any  eveut  I 

Not  finding  oecBpatiou  lo  his  mind  at  ahall  not  regret  that  I  have  attempted  to 

London,  and  having  now  abandoned  the  coniribnte  h  this  way,  to  the  relief  and 

hope  of  retamin^  to  DeDinark,  Harro  assistance   of  one,   who  his  Isvished 

einbarkad  again  m  the  spring  of  164S  wilhout  scruple  the  whole  wealth  of  bis 

Jot  Rio   Janeiro,   and   resided   fifteen  time,  talents  and  affections,  in  earnest 

moDtha  at  Saula  Theresa  in  the  neigh-  and   persevering,  though    perhaps  in 

faoriiood   of   thatoity.     While  there  he  some  eases  imprudent  efforts,  to  esta- 

published  a  volnme  of  poems,  including  blish  in  other  parts  of  the  world  the 

the  farewell  Epistle  to  the  King.     On  politioalpriociplea  which  form  the  basie 

Ihelst  of  Septeniber,1843,heembsTked  of  our  instilntions,  and  are  generally 

for  the  United  Slates,  and  on  the  let  of  recogaiied  in  thia  country  as  the  Great 

November  of  the  same  year  arrived  at  Charter  of  Liberty,  and  the  only  sure  and 

New  York.  penDaoent  fonndaiious  of  tbe  'welfare  ' 

J  have  DOW  finished  the  sketch  wliich  and  gieatneas  of  any  people. 


Dhn  not  my  silence  cold,  nor  think  it  wrong 
That  joy  coroes  not  at  thy  bewitching  calf, 
For  sober  thoughts  to  love  mature  belong. 
As  aolumn  leaves  on  richest  herbage  fall : 
Interpret  fondly  every  quiet  mood, 
Nor  think  it  wayward  that  I  am  not  gar. 
By  its  own  fulness  is  tbe  heart  eobdned, 
And  shallow  waters  at  the  surface  play ; 
Have  palieuce  ever,  then,  with  one  who  find* 
Content  in  thee,  and  therefore  growing  calm. 
Musing  like  voyagers  when  the  summer  winds  ~ 
Wan  from  their  island-homes  a  cheering  balm ; 
And  seeks  beneath  ihat  graceful  mirth's  disguise  - 
To  draw  lesponses  from  thy  tender  eyes. 


lizcd  6,  Google 


Sbrginalis. 


MARGINALIA.   ' 


(CMUInurl  >(■  «r  (Ht  Jfamttr.1 

I  AH  not  arte  titaX  Teaayaaxt  is  not  know  better — is  Knigtit  u  «  bMMf 

tiiegrestest  ofpoela.     The  uncsrlainty  ratber  thi^  rejected  a«  &  blemiBii.  Thoa 

mttending  the  piiblia  eonoeplion  of  the  WB  have,  even  from   bigfa  ■nliMRities, 

term  "  poet"  a! one  pieveotB  me  frani  attempts  at  abaolute  •mtlatitm  in  miuia. 

demonstrating  that  he  u.     Other  batde  Who  c&d  forget  the   lillineBAes  of  ths 

produce  effeelB  which  are,  now  and  "  Battle  of  Prague  1"    What  uan  of 

then,  otherwise  produced  than  by  what  taste  bat  roust  laugh  at  the  intermiiu- 

we  call  poems ;  but  Teaayson  an  effect  Me    drums,   trumpeia,    bknderbmaw, 

which  only  a  poem  does.     His  si  one  and  Ihanderl     "  Vocal   muue,"   saj* 

•re  idiosjiDcratic  poema.  By  4ie  enjoy-  L'Abbate   GraTina,   who   wouU   hars 

msnt  oT  non-enjoyment  of  the  "  Morte  said  the  same  thing  of  instrumental, 

D'Arlhur,''  or    of   the  "  ^none,"   I  "  ought  to  imitate  the  natunt  Isnguage 

would  test  any  one's  ideal  sense.  of  the  human  feelings  and  passiona. 

There   are   pissages   in   his   works  rather  than  the  warblings  of  Caonrj 

which  riret  a  conviction  I  had  long  en-  birds,  which  oui  singen,  now-a-day«, 

tertained,  that  the  indefinite  is  an  ele-  afleot  so  rastly   to  mimic  with  theii 

meol  in  the  true  m^if.     Why  do  some  qiiaveringa     and    boasted    cadences." 

persona  fatigue  themselves  in  attempts  Tbia  is  true  only  so  far  as  the  "  rai.her" 

to  unravel  suoh  phantasy-pieces  as  (he  is  concerned.     If  any  mosic  must  iioi- 

*'  Lady  of  Shalott  V     As  well  unweave  tate  anything,  it  were  assuredly  better 

the  "  centum  texlUem."     If  the  author  to  limit  the  imitation  as  Gravioa  sng- 

did  not  deliberately  propose  to  himself  gssts. 

a  soggestive  indefinitiveness  of  mean-  Tennyson's  shorter  pieces  abonnd  in 

ing,  with  the  view  of  bringing  about  a  minute   rhythmical  lapses  sufficient  to 

deEnitiveness  of  vague  and  therefore  of  assure  me  that — in  common  with  all 

spiritual  eff^ect — this,   at    least,   arose  poets  living  or  dead — be  has  neglected 

from  the  silent  analytical  promptings  of  to   make   precise  investigation  of  the 

that  poetic  genius  which,  in  its  sopieme  principles  of  metre  ;  but,  ad  the  otbet 

development,   embodies   all  orders   of  hand,  so  perfect  is  his  rbythmioal  in* 

intellectual  capacity.  stinct  in  general,  that,  like  the  present 

I  knirv>  that  indeGnittveness  is  an  ele-  Viscount  Canterbury,  he  seems  t»  tee 
tnent  of  the  true  music — I  mean  of  the  with  hit  ear. 
true  musical  expression.  Give  to  it  — 
wiy  undue  decision — imbue  it  with  any  A  man  of  genios,  if  not  permitted  to 
very  determinate  tone — and  you  de-  choose  his  own  subject,  will  do  worse, 
prive  it,  at  once,  of  its  ethereal,  its  in  letters,  than  if  he  had  talents  none  at 
ideal,  its  intrinsic  and  assenliat  chatae-  all.  And  here  how  imperatively  is  h« 
ter.  You  dispel  its  luxury  of  dream,  controlled  I  To  be  sure,  he  can  write 
Tou  dissolve  the  atmosphere  of  the  to  suit  himself— but  in  die  same  man- 
mystic  upon  which  it  floats.  You  ei-  nerfaia  pobliaherB  print.  From  the  na- 
Kanst  it  of  its  breath  of  fkery.  It  now  tare  of  onr  Copy-Right  laws,  he  has  do 
becomesatangibleandensyappreeiable  individual  powers.  As  fur  his  free 
idea — a  thing  of  the  earth,  earthy.  It  agency,  it  is  about  eqnal  to  that  of  the 
has  not,  indeed,  lost  its  power  to  please,  dean  and  chapter  of  the  see-oatbedtal, 
Bat  all  which  I  consider  the  distinctive-  in  a  British  election  of  Bishops — an 
nesa  of  thst  power.  And  to  the  uocul-  election  held  by  virtne  nf  the  king's 
tivated  talent,  or  to  the  unimagi native  writ  of  cmtgi  d'Uire,  and  specifying 
apprehension,  this  deprivation  of  its  Uie  person  to  be  elected, 
most  delicate  grace  will  be,  not  unfre-  — 
qnenily,  a  recommendation.  A  deter-  Iimaywellbedoubted  wbetherasiiigle 
minatenesa  of  expression  is  souffbt —  paragraph  of  merit  can  be  found  either 
and  often  hf  compowTS  who  skosld  w  the  "  Koimi"  of  Lawrence  Steno, 


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1844.]  Margiiuilia.  £81 

or  in  the  "  Jjaeon"  of  Coltoo,  of  which  I  believe,  what  he  owes  lo  Sir  WQIi&m 

pusgraph  iho  origin,  or  at  teut  tbo  Gell's  "  Pompeiana."     Why  ihisi — 

Kerm,  may  not  be  traced  to  Seneca,  to  why  not  that  < 

PloUioh,    (throngh     MaehiaTctli)     lo  — 

Haohiavelli  himaelf,  to  Bacon,  to  Bur-  La  Harpe  (who  waa  no  critic)  baa, 

don,  lo  Burton,  to  Botinbroke,  lo  Ro-  neveitheleBS,    done  little    more  than 

obefooceult.  to   Balzac,  tbo  aathor  of  alriel  joatice  to  the  fine  taste  and  pro- 

"  La  Maniift  de  Bitn  Penser,"  or  to  ciaa  linisb  of  Racine,  io  all  that  regards 

Bielfeld,  the  German,  who  wrote,  in  the  Minor  Morale  of  Literature.    In 

French,   "  Les    Premiers    TraitM   de  these  he  as  far  eicela  Pope,  as  Popo 

L'Eruditum  UniverttUe."  the  Teiieit  doll  in  bia  own  "  Danciad." 

We  might  give  two  plaasible derira-       "That  evil  predominates  over  good, 

tione  of  the  epithet "  weepiog"  as  af-  becomes  evident,  when  we  consider  that 

[died  to  Ihe  willow.     We   might  say  there  can  be  found  no  a(;ed  person  who 
that  the  word  has  ita  origin  in  the  pen-  '  would  be  willing  to  re-live  the  life  lie 

daloDS  chaTSOter  of  the  long  branches,  has  already  lived." — Valney. 
which  aoggeat  the  idea  of  water  drip-        The  idea  here,  is  not  distinctly  nado 

pmg ;    or  we    might  assert    that  the  ont ;  for  unless  through  the  context, 

term  comea  from  a  tkct  in  the  Natural  we  cannot  be  sore  whether  the  author 

History  of  the  tree.    It  has  a  vast  in-  means  merely  this; — that  erer^  aged 

aensibleperspiration,  which,  npon  sod-  person  fancies  he  might,  in  a  diflferent 

den  cold,  condeoses,  and  sometimes  is  coarse  of  life,  have  iKen  happier  iban 

preeipitaled  in  a  shower,     Now,  one  in  (he  one  actually  lived,  and,  for  this 

might  very  aecoiately  determine  ihe  reason,  would  not  be  willing  to  live  At* 

bias'  and  valno  of  a  man's  powers  of  life  over  again,  but  some  other  liff ; — 

caasality,  by  observing  which  of  these  or,  whether  the  seotlment  intended  is 

two  derivations  he  would  adopt.     The  this  r — that  if,  upon  the  grave's  brink, 

former  is,  beyond  qneation,  the   true  ;  the  choice  were  oifered  sny  aged  per- 

aad,  for  thia  reaaoo — that  common  or  son  between   the  e:(pected  death  and 

Tulgar  epithets  ate  universally  sug-  llie  re-1iving  the  old  life,  that  person 

gesied  by  common  or  immediately  ob-  would  prefer  to  die. 
TJOus  things,  withont  strict  regard  of        The  firBtpropn$itionis,peThap9,tnie; 

any  exactitude  in  applicalioo  ; — but  the  but  the  last  (which  is  the  one  designed) 

latter  would  be  greedily  seized  bj  nine  is  not  only  doubtful,  io  point  of  mere 

philologists  out  of  ten,  for  no  belter  fact,  but  is  of  no  effect,  even  if  granted 

caase    than  ita    epigramtnatirm — than  to  be  true,  in  anstaining  the  original 

the  poiDtedneas  with  which  the  singular  proposition — that  evil  predomin ate soTer 

fact  aeems  to  touch  the  occaaion.  good. 

Here,  then,  is  a  subtlo  source  of  er-       It  is  assumed  that  the  aged  person 

TOT  which  Lord  Bacoo  has  negleoled.  will   not  re-live  his  life,   becaosa   he 

It  is  an  Idol  of  the  Wit.  knowi  ih^t  its  evil  predominated  over 

—  its  good.     The  source  of  error  lies  in 
I  believe   that  odors  have  an  alto-  the  word  "knows" — in  Ihe  assumption 

gether  idiosynctatio  force,  in  aflecling  that  we  can  ever  be,  realEy,  in  possea- 

ns  through  saaoeialion ;    a  force  differ-  sion  of  the  whole  knowledge  to  which 

iog  etienlially  from  that  of  objects  ad-  allusion  is  cloudily  made.     But  there  is 

diessiog  the  touch,  the  taate,  the  sight,  a    seeming — a    Sctitious    knowledge ; 

'  w  the  heariog.  and  this  very  seeming  knowledge  it  is, 

—  of  what  the  life  has  been,  which  inca- 
It  would  have   been    becoming,  I  pacitates  the  aged  person  from  deciding 

think,   in   Bulwei,  to    have   made   at  the   questioo    upon    its   merits.      He 

least  B    Tnnoing    acknowledgment  of  blindly  deduces  a  notion  of  the  happi- 

ihal  extensive  indebtedness  to  Amah's  ness  of  the  original  real  life — a  notion 

"  Privste  Life  of  the  Homana"*  which  of  its  prepondeiatirg   evil  or  good — 

he  had  ao  little  scruple  about  incurring,  from  a  consideration  of  the  secondary 

daring  Ihe  composition  of  "The  Last  or  sopposilitioas  one.    In  his  eslimata 

Days  of  Pompeii."    lie  acknowledges,  he  mereij  strikes  a  balance  betwoM 


=1  Google 


nmtf,  and  leaTsa  quite  ont  of  the  kc-  and  the  laminmiRnNa,  axe  pmata  narat 

count  Uikt  elastic  Hope  wbicli  is  the  obMriable,iii  aTeo  the  moat  admitaUe 

Hubingei  and  ihe  Eds  of  all.    Mse'e  of  tbeic  writiags.    Who  is  Lady  Geor- 

ml  life  ia  happf,  cbieflj  becaass  be  is  giana  Fullerton  \     Who  is  thU  Cono- 

OTer  expectioK  ibat  it  soon  will  be  eo.  leM  of  Bacre,  who    edited    "  £!!«■ 

But,  in    regarding    the  supposititious  Warebaoi," — tbo   moat   paosioiiate    of 

life,  we  paint  to  onrsclTes  chill  cer-  fictions — approached,  only  in  aomepv- 

taintiea   tor    wbteh    expectations,   and  liculars  of  passion,  bj  ibis  T 
grievances  quadrupled  in  being  fore'       Tbe  great  defect  of "  EUeo  Hiddle- 

seen.     But  because   we  cannot  avoid  ton,"  lies  in  Ibe  disgiuttng  stenineM, 

doing  this — strain  our  imaginative  fa-  captiousness,  and  bnitot-hcadedDesfl  of 

onlties  as  we  will — because  it  is  so  veiy  her  husbaod.     We  cannot  ajmpathua 

difficult — so  nearly  impossible  a  task,  with  her  love  for  him.   And  the  intSDSS 

totaocjthe  kaown  unknown — the  dooo  selfishness  of  the  rejected  lover  pra- 

tinaccomplisbed — and  because  (through  eludes  that  compassion  which  is  de- 

our  inability  to  fane;  alt  this)  vre  pre-  signed.     Alice   is  a   creation  of  tna 

fee  death  to  a  secondaiy  life — does  it,  in  genios.    The  imaginatioo,  tbrouffhoat. 

Sit;  manner,  follow  that  the  evil  of  the  is  of  a  loftj  order,  and  the  snatchea  of 

pToperly-oonsideied  real  existence  does  original  versa  woold  do  honor  to  any 

Dredominate  over  the  good  1  poet  living.     But  the  chief  merit,  aitar 

I  order   that  a  just  estimate  be  all,  is  that  of  the  style — lUwut  which  it 


r,again,  that  from  this  an  odd  Gallicism — sneh  as  " 

I  and  choice,  we  deduce  any  her  head,"  meaning  she  grew  craxj. 

clear  comparison  of  good  with  evil  in  There  is  much,  in  the  whole  manner  of 

boman  existence,  it  will  be  necessary  this  book,  which  pats  me  in  mind  of 

that  we  obtain  the  opioioo,  or  "  choice,  "  Caleb  Williama. 

npoD  this  point,  from  an  aged  person  

whoahall  be  in  condition  toappreciate,        ^      God-shstrartione  of   th«  »». 

with  precision,the  hopes  he  i"  "f=»Ur  dern  polytheism  are  nearly  in  as  aul  » 

led  to  leave  ont  of  question,  but  wbict  ^^^  Pf  Je,piexity  and  ptimiscnity  a. 

reason  tells  us  he  would  as  rtrongly  „ere  the  more  snfistantial  deities  o/tbe 

Mperieooe  as  ever,  in  tha  absoluw  re-  g      ,^         j^  ^j  ^  ^^ 

Utmg  of  thehfe.     On  the  o  her  hand,  j^,  „^,  impingeu^n  some  one  other ; 

Uw,  be  most  bo  ID  condition  to  diam.so  „d  Porphy^  £hni«  that  Vesta.  Rha»; 

from    he  esimate  the  fear,  which  he  f.  ^^?^     Proserpina,  Bie^ 

1^^   TJ,t\h\".™  ,°„\;„"Jn  h^  Attia.  Adonis,  Silenus.lfriapus,  and*; 

bodily  the  Ills  that  are  to  happen,  but  ^^^p  '^^^,    infer/MUrm,  for 

which  fears,  again,  reason  assures  us  ,.  „'  .'       ,i.;_„      v— -  .».nj.w  — 


i:r.  .  .«..  ...      nj...  ..I... ...i  ....  never   preoHBiiT  BBiiicq.      oeiriae  ob 

CT.I .;  condit,,.  1.  mJ,,  th».  .Hew.  ,^  £,„„(,,„     „     CiJ.b.  t>lk.  of  ha 

ancesi — to  perform   Jmpossibihliesin  __  --    .  _  „     '  .    '  .„  ,  „i,n_  v.i-^». 

™8hl1    Wl,.imo,l.l.lh.|,,w...T.,  MoUieirfiheGrf.."  ' 

in  condition  to  make  a  wb  11- grounded 
ehoiee!     How,  from  an  ill-groonded  — 

one,  are  we  to  make  dedactions  which       Von  Rautner  says  that  Eoslea,  % 

shall   guids  us  aright  >     How  ont  of  German  optician,  conceived  the  idea  <^ 

error  shall  we  fabricate  truth !  throwing  a  shadowy  figora,  by  optical 

—  means,  into  the  chair  of  Banqno ;  asd 

A  remarkable  work,*  and  one  which  that  the  thing  waa  readily  done.     Ib- 

I  find  nnob  difllonlly  io  admitting  to  tense  effect  was  prodneed ;  and  I  da 

be  the  oompositioD  of  a  woman.     Not  not  doubt  that  an  American  audienea 

that  many  good  and  glorious  things  might  be  electrified  by  the  feat.     But 

hare  not  been  the  eompoaition  of  wo-  our  managers  not  only  have  do  inran- 

men — bnl,  because,   here,  the  ssvere  lion  ol'  their  own,  but  do   energy  to 

precision  of  style,  the  thoroughnett,  avail  themselves  of  that  of  otheta. 


*  "  Ellea  Maldlelan." 


I  =y  Google 


1844.]                                       Mm-gmalig.  SM 

It  IB  obMtrable  that,  in  his  brief  me-  But  then  ue  two  eluMt  of  aoggontrs 

eonat  or  th«  Creation,  Moeea  emploje  books — the  pcwittT«ly  ftnd  the  nega- 

the   words.  Bora   Elohim   {the   God»  lively  lagg^tivA.    The  fonner  saggMt 

ereated),  no  lees  thao  thin;  timea ;  hj  whmt  thej  sfty ;  the  letter  br  what 

naingi  the  noun  in  the  plural  with  the  they  might  and  abould  bare  aud.     It 

verb  in  the  iingslar.     Elsewhere,  how-  makes  little  difference,  after  di.    Is 

«ver — io  Denteronomr,  for  example —  either  oaae  the  true  book-pnrpoae  'm 

he  employs  the  singular,  Eloah.  amwered. 

Among  tbe  niorali«te  who  k^p  them-  Sallaet,  too.     He  had  mnch  the  nma 

aelres  erect  by  the  perpetaal  swallow-  free-and-eaty    idea,    and     Hettemieli 

iag  of  pokera,  it  ia  the  fashion  to  deery  himself  could  not  hsTS  quarrsUed  with 

the"faehtonable"noTels.  Theseworks  his  '^ Impunt  jua  libet  facert,  id  ett 

bare  their  demerile ;  bat  a  vast  influ-  mm  re; em." 

ence  which  they  exert  for  an  andenia-  — 

ble  good,  has  never  yet  been  da1y  coo-  The  firtt  periodical  moral  ean^l 

aidered.     "  IngmuM  didioisae  fldeliter  Mr.   Maeaalay  forgets  the  **  Gourtiei 

Kiroi,  emollit  mores  nee  ainit    ease  of  Baldattar  Castiglione — 1088." 

feros."     Now,  the  laahionabte  novels  — 

are  just  the  booke  which  most  do  cir-  For  roy  part  I  agree  with  Joshua 

eolaie  among  the  class  unhahionable  ;  fiamea  r — nobody  bat  Solomon  conld 

and  their  effect  in  softening  the  woret  have  writtsa  the  Iliad.     The  catatogno 

caIloBitie^~-in  amoothins  the  moat  dis-  of  abipa  waa  the  work  of  Hobina. 

JDSting  asperities  of  vatgarism,  is  pro-  — 

igions.     With  the  herd,  to  admire  and  The  i  priori  reaaonera  upon  govern- 

to  attempt  imitation  are  the  same  thin^,  ment  are,  of  all  plausible  people,  tba 

What  if,  in  this  ease,  the  maeneie  imi-  moat  prepoaieroua.     They  only  argot 

tvted  are  frippery ;  better  frippery  thaa  too  cleverly  to  permit  my  thinking  thent 

brutality — and,  afier  ^1,  there  is  little  atlly  enongh-to  be  themselves  deceived 

danger  that  the  iatriosie  value  of  the  by  tbeir  own  arguments.     Yet  even 

atanieet  iron  will  be  impaired  by  a  this  is  possible ;  for  there  ia  sometbiDg 

coatieg  of  even  the  moet  diaphaDons  in  the  vanity  of  logic  which  addles  a 

gilt.  man's  brains.     Tear  tine  logician  gets, 

—  in  time,  to  he  logicalized,  and  then,  eo 
Tbe  ancients  had  at  least  half  an  idea  &r  as  regards  himself,  the  on i  verse  is 

that  we  travelled  on  horseback  to  hea-  one  ward.    A  thin^,  for  him,  no  longer 

Ten.     See  ■  passage  of  Passeri»  "  d»  exiele.     He  deposits  upon  a  sheet  of 

ttnima  (ra>mrec(i#n«^'— quoted  by  Cay-  paper  a  certain  assemblage  of  eyll^les, 

Ins.     See,  also,  old  tombs.  and  fanciee  that  their  meaning  is  riveted 

—  by  theactofdapositian.     I  am  serious 
A   eorrupt   asd    fmpioni   heart — a  in  the  opinion  that  some  such  process 

merely   prurient    faoey — a    Satarnian  of  thought  passes  through  the  miod  of 

brain  in  which  invention  has  only  the  the  "practised"  logician,  as  he  makes 

phosphorescent  glimmer  of  rottenness.*  note  of  the  thesis  proposed.     He  ia  not 

Worthless,  body  and  soul.      A   foul  aware  that  he  thinka  in  this  way — but, 

reproach  to  the  nation  that  engendered  nawittingiy,  he  so  thinks.     The  sylla- 

and   endares   him.      A  fetid   battener  bles  depoeited  acquire,  in  his  view,  a 

vpon  the  garbage  of  Ibooght.    No  man.  new  character,      While  afloat  in  hia 

A  beast.    A  pig.    Less  screpiiloeB  than  brain,  he  might  have  been  bioneht  to 

a  carrion-crow,  and  not  very  mnch  tese  admit  the  possibility  that  these  ayllables 

filthy  than  a  Wilmer.  were  variable    exponents  of  vationa 

—  phases  of  thought ;  but  he  will  not  ad- 
In  reading  some  books  we  oeoopy  mit  this  if  he  onoe  gets  them  npon  th» 

aureelves  ehiefly  with  tbe  thonghta  of  paper. 

the  author ;  in  perusing  others,  excln-  In  a  aingle  page  of  "  Mill,"  I  find 

aively  with  our  own.    And  this*  iaone  the  word  "  force"  employed  foer  times; 

of  Ue  "others" — a  auggeative  book,  and  each  employment  varies  the  idea. 


lizcdbyGoOl^   I 


•N  MkrgifuUm.  [Dn, 

TIm  ftet  if  that^  firiori ugamool  u  «i«bwoTkau"TkaU«iiitMatT(nni," 
mieli  woTM  than  bmIbh  except  io  the  in  which  the  hanim-Bcajnin,  hyprn- 
nMtbemtLticsl  acieaceB,  where  it  is  poa-  excDrsiTe  maDDeriua  ia  cBjriad  to  so 
iiUe  Io  obtain  prtcit*  meaniage.  If  axe«aa  which  is  fiequeDtly  fatigniDg. 
there  is  anj  one  eabject  in  the  woild  to  — 
which  it  is  uiieily  and  radicaily  iaap-  Nearlf,  if  not  quite  the  beat  "  Eaaajt 
l^ioable,  that  aubject  ia  GoTenuneot.  on  ■  PuUue  Slate.'t  The  arafoni^Ua 
The  iifrafico/argumenia used  (oustaia  called  "Dedactiona Jrom  our  Reaaon," 
Mr.  Bsntham'a  positiona,  might,  with  are,  rightly  enoogh,  addressed  more  to 
lUtle  esereiae  of  ingenuity,  bo  made  to  lhe/MJ>n;>(aTDigBTtenanotIabadi>ns 
overthmw  them ;  and,  bj  riDDing  email  without),  thao  Io  our  leason.  The  ar- 
ehanges  OB  the  words  "  ieg-of-mutioD,"  guments  deduced  from  Reielation  an 
and  "  tuinip"  (ohaugea  so  gradaid  as  (also  rightly  enough)  brief.  The  pan- 
to escape  detection),  I  conld  "  demon-  phlat  prores  nothing,  of  comae ;  it* 
ttratt"  that  a  turnip  was,  is,  and  of  theorem  ia  not  to  be  prored. 
tight  OQght  to  be  a  leg-fdVmution.  — 

—  Not  ao  : — A  geatlaman  with  a  pog 
HasanyoDeofaeerredtbeexcaaairelj  noae  ie  a   contradiction  in  tenna. — 

sloae  reaemblance  in  aubjeet,  thought,  "  Who  can  liva  idly  and  wilhoat  ma- 

geoetal  manner  and  panicnlar  point,  naal  labour,  and  will  bear  the  port, 

which  thia  clever  etwnpsaition*  lieara  cbarse  andcaimfraanceof  agantleman, 

tOtho"HadU>ras"  of  Buller!  ho  alone  ahonld  be  called,  master  and 

—  be    taken    for     a    gentleman." — Sir 
The    concord    of    aound-and-aeose  ThomiM  Saiith't  "  Cimttiumwudth  »f 

ptiaciple  wsa  nerer  better  exemplified  England." 

than  in  these  Unaaf  : —  — 

It  ia  the  cnrse  of  a  certain  vtitit  vS 

"A*t  amans  chane  ibslamaoi  pndlse  mind,  that  it  can  never  rest  aatiafiad 

Seseril  fieai,  et  libi  Terba  dicit  with  Uie  conacitnianeaa  of  its  ability  to 

Ajpcra  ampleiu  tenerai  capito  •—  do  a  thiog.     Slill  less  U  it  content  with 

-Tulaus  am™."  join^  it.     It  must  both  know  and  diow 

how  it  was  done. 


Here  is  something  at  which  I  find  it 

tnit  of  each  being  a  sportive,  quaint,  impoaaible  nut   Io  laugh  ;^  and  yet,  I 

epigrammuio  grace,  that  keeps  claar  laugh  without  knowing  why.      That 

or  the  abaurd  by  never  emploving  itself  incooffruily  ia  the  principle  of  all  non- 

gpon  very  exalted  toplos.    The  verbsi  couvuULve  laughter,  ie  to  my  mind  aa 

tlyXv   of  the   two   ladies  is  identical,  clearly  demoaairated  aa  any  problem  is 

liiaa  Gould  haa  the  more  talent  of  the  the    "  Priocipia    Mathematica  ;"     but 

two,  but  ia  aomewhal  the  leas  origins],  here  I  cannot  trace  the  ineongmous. 

She  has  occssionat  flashes  of  a  far  It  ia  there,  I  know.    Slill  I  do  not  aaa 

Itigher  order  of  merit  than  appertaina  it.     In  the  mosntime  let  me  laugh. 

to  her  ordinary  manner.     Her  "Dying  — 

Storm"  might  have  been  written  by  The  "  British  Spy"  of  Wirt  seema 

Campbell.  sn   imitation  of  the   "Turkish   Spy," 

Coneliua  Wthb«  ia  one  of  ibe  best  Letters 

of  that  numerous  school  of  extravagan-  work  waa  ii 

aista  who  sprang  from  the  ruins  of  errs. 
Lamb,    We  muat  be  in  perfectly  good  — 

hnmor,  however,  with  ouraelvea  and       The  atyle  is  ao  iavo1ute,|  that  od» 

all  the  worid,  to  be  much  pleued  with  cannot  help  booying  it  must  be  ialsely 

"  The  "  Satyn  MtnipJt."  f  By  Jf .  ^**ob.  Flnninit. 

tJStnmmma  F%titrt  Slalt,  eonAattug  Ot  opinbmlAmt  "Dtatk  u  oa  Eltnmt 
Stttp."    Bf  Q^tTl  Juitin.    Lomdot.   1794. 

iTraatlalianoflhcBookof  Jonah  Into  German  Heiaineters.   By  J,  G.  A.  Hfiller. 
Containnl  in  the  "  MtmorabUifi"  M»  Paulti. 

I « Ni^  mid  Monimg."  /~-  i 

U.gitizcdcyLiOOglC 


18*4.]                                       HargiMlui.  •» 

eoiMlrnetsd.    If  (he  iwe  of  laagumge  is  thisbook."    We  Danwrt  o»ll  m  aia^ 

to  coBvej  ideu,  then  it  ik  oe&ily  aa  uiTerted  o  ftn  erro!' — eon  we!     But  I 

iDDch  &  demaiit  that  oui  worda  wem  am  teally  a«  glad  of  haTingfonnd  that 

to  be,  aa  that  they  are,  indefenaibls.    A  inverted  o,  aa  OTer  was  a  Columbaa  or 

man'a    gTammar,    tiks   CEsar'a   wife,  an  ArchimsdeB,     What,  after  all,  are 

moat  not  ooVj  be  pure,  but  above  aua-  eoDtiuents  diacofered,  or  Bilreramitha 

pioioD  of  impifrilj.  exposed  1     Give  ne  a  good  o  turned  np- 

—  aide-dowD,  and  a  whole  herd  of  biblio- 
"  It  waa  a  pile  of  the  ovEter,  which  manic  Argoaea  oTerlooking  it  for  jears. 

yielded    die    precioas  pearls  of    the  — 

Sonth,  and  the   artiit  bad  judicionstT  "  That  ewMt  sralle  aad  aerene — that 

painted   some   with  their  lips   pailed,  amile  nerei  seen  but  upon  the  &oe  of 

and  ahowing  within  the  large  preciooa  the  djiug  and  the  dead.  — £meil  Afol- 

frtiit  in  the  atlaintnent  of  which  Span*  trm)ert.     Buiwer  is  tiot  the  man  to  look 

isb  cupidity  had  already  proved  itself  a  atem   faot  in  the   l«ee.     He   would 

oapable  of  every  peril,  aa  well  as  every  rather  aentimentalice  Dpon  a  vulgar  al- 

erime.     At  once  Irne  and  poetical,  no  though  pictnreaqne  error.     Who  ever 

eomment  eoold  have  been  more  severe,  really  eaw  anything  bat  horror  in  the 

Ae."  Mr.  Simm8'"Da»ue{q/'i^anm."  smile  of  the  dead  1    We  ao  earnestly 

Body  of  Baeehas  ! — nnly  think  of  poet-  dttirt  to  (kncy  it  "  aweet"'^hat  is  tu 

ieal  beauty  in  the  eountenaece  of  a  aenreeof  the  mistake  ;  if,  indAed,  there 

gaping  oyster !  ever  was  a  miatajie  in  the  question. 

"  And  hew  natural,  in  an  ^e  ao  fan-  — 
etflil,  to  believe  that  the  atare  and  This  missppUcation  of  qnetations  ia 
Btarrf  gronps  beheld  in  the  new  world  clever,  and  his  a  capital  effect  wbtlo 
for  the  flrat  time  by  the  native  of  the  well  done  ;  but  Lord  Brongham  has  not 
old  were  especially  asaigned  for  its  go-  exactly  that  kind  of  oapaeiiy  which  the 
vernment  and  protection." — Now,  if  thing  requires.  One  of  the  best  hits  in 
by  the  Old  World  be  meant  the  East,  this  way  is  made  by  Tieek,  and  1  have 
and  by  the  New  World  the  West,  I  lately  seen  it  appropriated,  with  inter- 
am  at  a  losato  knowwhat  arethe  stars  eating  complacency,  in  an  English 
seen  in  the  one  which  cannot  be  equally  Magazine.  The  author  ofthe  "  Journey 
seen  in  the  other.  into  the  Blue  Diaunee,"  is  giving  an 

Mr.  Simma  haa  abundant  faults — or  account  of  eome  young  ladies,  not  reiy 

had; — among  which  inaccurate  Eng-  beautiful,  whom  he  caught  in  medii» 

lish,  a  proneneas  to  revolting  images,  tcIui,  at  their   toilet.      "They   were 

and  pet  phrases,  are  the  most  notices-  cnrUngiheirinonBironsheadB,"BByehe, 

ble.      Nevertheless,    leaving    out    of  ■■  sa  Shakspeare  says  of  the  waves  in  a 

qnestion  Brockden   Brown  and  Haw-  storm." 

thome  (who  are  each  a  ffenaj),  ho  is  — 

immeasurably  the  beet  writer  of  fleUon  j^^   Hawthorne  ia  one  of  the  very 

in  AmencB.     He  haa  more  vigor,  more  f^^  American  story-tellers  whom  the 

imagination,  more  movement  and  more  ^^^^^^  ^^n  commend  with  the  hand  up- 

geneial  eapsciiy  than  all  ont  novelists  ^  ^y^^  j,eart.    Ho  is  not  always  oiigi- 

(eave  Cooper),  combined.  n^i  jn  ^ja  entire  theme— (I  am  not  quite 

—  „.  Bure,  even,  that  he  has  not  borrowed  ao 
This   "  species    of  nothingness     is  y^^  ^^  ^^^  ^^^^^  ^  genllemaa  whom  I 

quite  as   reasoQable,  at  all  events,  aa  ^^^^  ^        ^^j]^  and  who  is  honored  in 

any  »  kind  of  something-nesa."    See  4),^  loan)— but,  then,  hU  handling  is 

Cowley's  "  Creation,"  where,  always  thoroughly  original.     His  atyle, 

An  nnihapedkind  of  Huelhing  first  ap.  althon^  never  vigorona,  ia  purity  It- 

ared.  aelf.     His  imagination  is  rich.     Hia 

sense  of  art  is  exquisite,  and  iiia  exe> 

Here  ia  an  edition,*  which,  so  far  as  cutive  ability  great.     He  haa  little  or 

microscopical  excellence  and  absolute  do  variety   of  (one.     He   handles  all 

accuracy  of  typography  are  concerned,  aubjecta  in  the   same  subdued,  misty, 

might  well  be  prefaced  with  the  phrase  dreamy,  suggestive,  iouendo  way,  and 

of  (he  Koran — "  There  ia  no  error  in  although  I  think  him  tbe  trueat  genina, 

•  Camfleiw— GwiOB— 1798. 


I  =y  Google 


[Dee. 

upon  the  whole,  which  our  Itlentnn        Thia  u  "  daBling  dunnwkm  loand 

pouesaea,  I  oannot  help  ragmrding  bib  the  land"  ta  Bome  pnrpoM ; — opon  the 

u  the  moat  deapente  naoDerut  of  hia  reader,  aad    not  opoa   the   aaihor  aa 

^I-  naoal.    For  my  part  I  ahall  be  one  of 

F.  S.    The   ehief— Dot   ihs  leading  the  damned  ;  for  I  hiTo  in  vain    ea- 

idea  in  this  atorj  "  (Drowne's  Woodea  deatored  to  see  eren  a  shadow  of  nw- 

Ima^},"  ia  praciiely  that  of  Hiehsel  nt  in  anythbg  eTOr  wrillau  by  etikei 

Angelo'a  eoaplet,  boirowed  ftom  So-  of  the  MoDtgomeriea. 

Strange — that  I  ahonU  here*  find 
be  oa]j  non-execrable  barbarian  at- 
tempts  at  imitation  of  the  Greek  and 


Here  are  both  Dickena  and  Balwer 
perpetoally  oaingthe  adxerb  "  direcllj" 

■ntheaeDaeofaaaoonaa."  "Directly  Uponherw 

lie  came  I  did  so  and  so"— "  Directly    "''«   •Pplma  -    

I  knewitlaatdthiaandihat."    Butob-  taste,  and  of  the  deepest   scDsibilit}. 
serve ! — "  Grammar  is  hardly  tanght"  Human  triumph,  in  all  that  ia  most  ex- 
tin  the  United  States],  "  being  thonght  citing  and    delicioaa,  never  went  be- 
an nnneoeasary  haiia  for  other  learn-  7°"^  ''^  which  she  experienced— oz 
jog."     I  qnotfl  "  America  and  htr  Rt-  never  but  in    the    case   of    Tagliooi. 
tources,"  by  the  British  Coanaellor  at  ^°^  *''"  ^"  the  extorted  adufationa 
law,  John  Biiated.  that  fall  to  the  lot  of  the  conqueror* — 
—  what  even  are  the  extensive  honors  (d 
AtEnDeaon*illa,too,theTeiaaatrik-  '''^  popular  author — bis  far-reaching 
tug  instance  of  the  Gallic  liiythm  with  f^iiie— his  hig>h  inflnence — or  the  nhwt 
which  a  Frenchman  regards  the  Eog-  ^^Tont    puUic     appreciation     of     hia 
lisfa  verse.  There  Gerardin  has  the  M-  ">rks — to  that  raptnioDS  approbadoa 
lowing  insoription  to  the    memorr  Vt  "^  '■^^   personal  woman — that  sponta.- 
Shenatooe :  neoue,   iaatant,  present,  and  [>^p«blo 
appt&ose — those    irrepressible    aceld- 
Thit  iidain  atone  mations — those    eloquent    sighs     and 
To  William  Sbcnstone.  tears  which  the  idolized  M^bran  at 
In  his  writings  he  displayed  once  heard,  and  saw,  and  deeply  feh 
A  mf nd  natni«l ;  that  she  deserved «     Her  brief  cmnm 
V*^'**'*'''^  '■•  one   gorgeous  dream-^for   evea 
Awadian  greens  rural.  the  many   sad  intervals  of  her  grief 
,_,                .      r>  were  but  doat  in  the  balance  of  bar 
there  are  few  Panaiana,  speaking  glory.     In  this  bookf   I   read  mnek 
tngliaft,    who    vrould    find     an^hing  about  the  causes  which  curtailed  bet 


i   and  there  seems  to  hang 

around  them,  as  here  given,  an  indi*- 

_.                            '  tinetness    which  the  fair    memorialist 

Here  is  a  plot  which,  with  all  iu  tries  in  vain  to  illumine.    She  seena 

complexily,  has  no  adaptation— no  do-  never  to  apprbach  the  full  truth.     She 

pendency ;— it  is  invidute  sod  nothing  seems  never  to  reflect  that  the  spettdj 

more— havrng  all   the  air  of  G 's  decease   was    but  a  condition    of  the 

Wig,   or  the  cycles    and  epicyolea  in  rapturous  life.     No    thinking  peison, 

Ptolemy's  "Almagest."  hearing    Mallbrsn   sing,   coold   have 

—  doubted   that    she    would    die    in    tha 

"Aocnrsed  be  the  heart  that  doea  spring   of   her    daya.    She   crowdad 

Bot  wildly  throb,  and   palsied  be  the  agea  into  boors.     She  left  the  world  at 

rthat  will  not  weep  over  the  woes  twenty-five,  having  existed  her  thoo- 

ute  wanderer  of  Switierland." —  aande  of  Tears 

Mottthly  Rgguler,  IBOT.  _ 


\  "X*mpinamtL*ll*n<>rM4damMaliiraa,"bjtktCmil$i»ofM*rUM.        .-^  , 

,11-  i.vCooglc 


1U4.1  Itargi 

Wera  1  to  couatgn  thew  TolnmM,* 
altogether,  to  the  handa  of  anj  jbtj 
jouDg  friend  of  mine,  I  eoald  not,  in 
conacienee,  deacribe  them  oLherwiae 
than  aa  "  torn  multi,  lam  grandet,  lam 
prtlioti  codictM;  aad  it  would  grieve' 
me  moch  to  add  the  ''  inctndiU  omnt* 
illai  membrainu.''f 

Tbie  reuoning  ia  about  as  cnnvino- 
JDg  aa  would  be  that  of  a  tntTeller  who, 
going  ftom  Maryland  to  New  Yurk 
without  entering  Pennajlrania,  ahould 
advance  ihiafealaaanargumeniagainat 
Leibnitz'  Law  of  Coalinuilg — acconl- 
ing  to  which  nothing  paaaea  from  one 
stale  to  another  without  passing  through 
all  the  intenaediaie  atatea. 

Not  ao  :— The  fint  number  of  the 
"  Gentleman'a  Magazine"  was  publiah- 
«d  on  the  Grit  of  Jannary,  1731  i  but 
long  before  thia — in  lOBl — there  ap- 
pesred  the  "  Monthly  Recorder"  with 
all  the  Magaaine  featurea. 

I  have  a  number  of  the  "  London 
Magazine,"  dated  1760 ; — commenced 
1733,  at  leaat,  bat  I  have  reaaoa  to 
think  much  earlier. 

Stolen,  body  and  aonl  (and  apoilt  in 
the  ateaJing),  ftom  a  paper  of  tk*  tame 
title  a  the  "European  Magazine"  for 
Seoember,  1817.  Blunderingly  done 
throughout,  and  muit  hare  coat  more 
trouble  than  an  original  thing.  Thia 
makes  paragraph  33  of  my  "  Chapter 
on-  Ameruan  Cnbiagt.^'  The  beant^ 
of  theae  tzpoiit  muat  lie  in  the  prnci- 
■ion  and  nnanawerability  with  which 
they  are  given — in  day  and  date — in 
chapter  and  *era« — and,  above  all,  in 
■n  unveiling  of  the  minute  trickeriea 
by  which  the  thieve*  hope  to  diaguiae 
tb«ir  atolen  wares. 

I  innst  aoon  a  tale  unfold,  and  an  as- 
tonishing tale  it  will  be.  The  C — beara 
away  the  hell.  The  ladies,  however, 
shonld  positively  not  be  guilty  of  these 
tiieka ; — for  one  baa  never  the  heart  to 
tiDmaak  or  deplume  them. 

After  all,  there  is  this  advantage  in 
purloining  one's  Magazine  papers  ; — ' 
we  are  never  forced  to  dispose  of  ihem 
under  prime  cost. 


tolM.  '  MT 

HowSTei  aoute  migfat  be  Senees, 
still  he  was  not  suffieieotlr  acute  to  any 
this.  The  sentence  ia  often  altiibaled 
to  him,  hot  is  not  to  be  found  in  his 
works.  "  Stmel  inMorutoimut  omnee," 
a  phrase  often  qaoted,  is  invariably 
placed  to  the  account  of  Horace,  and 
with  equal  error.  It  ia  from  the  "  JH 
Honeito  Amor*"  of  the  Italian  Manto- 
an  OB,  who  has 

Id  eommwitt  maltm ;  jcmfl  iaaaitawiau 


In  the  title,  " Dt  ffoneiio  Amort" 
by  the  way,  Hantuanna  miacoDcaiTU 
the  force  of  kanestui — just  aa  Dryden 
does  in  his  tranalalion  of  Virgil's 

Et  fnocaagM  Jk%t  nrcam  eap^  tgit  AMt> 


which  he  rendera 

Ob  whale'cr  side  he  tuna  hia  himul  face, 

"  Jehovah"  ia  not  Hebrew. 

Maeanlay,  in  his  Just  admiration  of 
Addison,  over-rates  Tiekelt,  and  doea 
not  seem  to  be  aware  bow  mocb  the 
author  of  the  "  Eleg^"  is  indebted  to 
French  models.  Boileaa,  especially, 
he  robbed  withent  mercy,  and  withoat 
measnre.  A  flagrant  example  i*  here. 
Boilean  haa  the  Unea : 

En  vam  Mafra  "  Lt  CiP'  m»  imBufrt  n 

Tout  Pariifotr  CXimtm  a  It*  yc«i  da  Soi- 
ripu. 

Tickell  thna  appropriatea  them  : 

While  the  charm'd  reader  with  thy  thocght 

complies, 
And  view*  thy  Roaamond  with  Henry'a 


No; — he  fell  by  hia  own  Fame.  Lika 
Riohmann,  he  waa  blasted  b^  the  fires 
himaelf  bad  sought,  and  obtamed,  from 
the  Heavena. 

I  have  at  length  attained  the  last 
page,  which  is  a  thing  to  thank  God 
for;  and  all  this  may  be  logic,  bnt  I 
am  aniB  it  ia  nothing  more.  Until  I 
get  the  meana  of  refutation,  faowerert 


t  St.  Autin  d*  librit  Jfrndlafa. 


i=yGoogJc 


S8S  '  Marginalia.  (Dm, 

I  Irmst  be  content  to  mj,  with  (he  Jen-  mltieB  which  the  aathoi:  has  himtelf 

aita,  L«  Sueur  and  Jacquter,  that   "  I  experienced.     The  warning  of  UodinA 

■cknowledge   myself  obedient   to   the  toHnldbrand — "  Reproach  me  not  tipon 

decrees  of  the  Pope  agftioat  the  moiion  the  waters,  or  we  p^rt  for  erer" — ia 

«f  the  Earth."  intended  to  embody  the  truth  that  qnar- 

—  reia  between  DUkD  and  wife  are  seldom 
How  Drerpowering  a  atyle  is  that  of  or  nerer  irremediable  nnlest  when  tak- 

Cairan  \     I  use  "  orerpowering"  in  the  ing  place  in  the  presence  of  third  pai- 

•enae  of  the  English  exqoisite.     I  can  lies.      The    second    wedding   of   the 

imagine  nothins  more  distresaing  than  knifiht  with  hia  gradval  forget fiiliieBB 

the  extent  of  hu  eloqneoce.  of  Undine,  and   Undtne'a  intense  grief 

—  beneath  the  waters — are  dwelt  upon  ao 
"With  all  hiafsnlla,  ho  wet  er,  this  palhetieally  —  ao    passionately  —  that 

author  is  a  man  of  respectable  powers."  there  can  be  no  doubt  of  tbe  anlbor'a 

personal  opinions  on  tbe  subject  of  ae- 

Thna  disconrwa,  of   William   God-  cond  msTriagea — no  donbt  of  his  deep 

vm,  the  "  LoodoD  Monthly  Magazine  :"  personal  inlereal  in  the  questioa.    How 

May,  1818.  thrillingly  are  these  few  and  simple 

—  words  made  to  convey  his  belief  that 
"  Rbododaphne"  Is  brim-full  of  mn-  the  mere  death  of  a  beloved  wife  does 

■ie  r — e.  g.  not   imply  a  separation  so  linal  or  ao 
complete  as  to  justify  an  union   with 
By  living  streams,  in  (y1  ran  shades,  another! — "The  fisherman  bad  lored 
Where  wind  aod  wave  tjmyhnuoat  Undine  with  exceeding  tenderness,  and 
tnalte  it  was  a  doubtful  conelnston  to  his  miitd 
Rich  melody,  Iheyoaths  and  maids  that  tbo  mere  disappearance  of  his  be- 
No  more  with  choral  nnslc  wake  io,ed  child  conld   be  properly  viewed 
Lone  Echo  flm  her  tangled  brake.  „  her  death."— ThU  is  where  the  old 

—  man  ia    endeavoring   to   dissuade  the 
How  ihoronghly — how    radically —  knight  from  wedding  Betlalda. 

bow  wondeitiilTy  has  "  Undine"  been       I  cannot  say  whether  the  novelty  of 

miannderstood  I    Benenih  its  obvioos  tbe  conception  of  "  Undine,"  or  the 

meaning  there  runs  an  nnder-enrrant,  loftiness  and  parity  of  its  ideality,  wr 

•imple,    quite    intelligible,  artistically  the  intensity  of  its  pathos,  or  tbe  rigor 

managed,  and  richly  philoeophioal.  of  its  simplicity,  or  (he  high  artistical 

From  internal  evidence  afforded  by  ability  with  which  all  are  combined  into 

tbe  book  ilaelf,  I  gather  that  the  anthor  a  well-kept,  vell-mativin  whole  of  nb- 

anflfered  from  tbs  ills  of  a  mal-arranged  solute  unity  of  effect — ia  the  particubw 

narriage — the  hitler  reflections    thai  chiefly  to  be  admired, 
engendered  inducing  tbe  fable.  How  delicate   and  graceful  are  the 

In  the  contract  between  the  artless,  transitions  from  sabject  to  subject ! — 

thoughtlaas,  and  careless  character  of  a  point  severely  testing  tbe  antorial 

Undine   before   poseesilng  a  soul,   and  power — as,  when,   for  the  purposes  of 

her  serious,  enwrapt,  and  aiixiooe  yet  the  story,  it  becomes  necessary  that  the 

happy  condition  after  possessing  it, — a  knight,  with  Undine  and  Berta Ida,  shall 

Mndilion  which,  with  all  Its  mnltiform  proceed  down  the  Danube.     An   ordi- 

diaquietudes,  she  still  feels  to  be  prefer-  nary  novelist  would  have  here  tormeai- 

able  to  her  original  state, — Fonqoi  baa  ed  both  himself  and  hia  readers,  in  hia 

beautifully   painted   the  difference  be-  search  for  a  sufficient   motive   for   tbe 

tween  the  heart  nnused  to  love,  and  voyage.     But,  in  a  fable  such  as  "  Un- 

the  heart  which  has  received  its  inspir-  dine,"  bow  all-anfficient — how  well  in 

Minn.  keeping — appears    the  simple  motiva 

Tbs    jealoosies    which    follow    the  assigned  ! — "  In  this  gratefnl  onion  of 

nutrriage,  arising  from  the  conduct  of  friendship   and   affection  winter  came 

Bertal^,  are  but  tbe  natural  troubles  and  passed  away  ;  and  spring,  with  ita 

oflove  ;  but  the  persecntions  of Kuhle-  foliage  of  tender  green,  and  ita  heaven 

bom  and  the  other  water-spirits   who  of  soReet  blue,  succeeded   to  gladden 

take  umbrage  &t  Hnldbrand's  treatment  the  hearts  of  the  three  inmates  of  tbe 

of  his  wife,  are  meant  to  picture  cer-  castle.     What  teatider,   then,   (hat  iU 

tain  difficulties  from  the  interference  of  stork)  and  awalloat  itupired  thrm  oUw 

relations    in   conluga]    natters — diffi-  with  a  difpo§itim  to  travel  V^       f-  r 

Lioogle 


\UL\  MargiMi&i.  H» 

B«v  «xjtii»oij  inutio  is  the  man-  wbieh  the  esUTifsirt  Mis-piiee  muka 
iutnunt  of  wmgataiion,  so  liaible  in  odo  of  Um  feUnrea  oT  the  times  ;"— 
tfw  puBtigea  where  the  brooka  tie  wa-    Ihers  us  other  extravagaDt  uls-prioa«i 


s  and  the  water-spirita  brooka  however,  besidee  that; — 
— neither  dietiDcdy  citber  ■  What  can  fire  centa  that  I  paid  for  tbeee  "  Let- 
be  more  ethereaUj  ideal  than  the  fre-  ten."  Beaiilee,  ihej  are  aillj,  and  I 
'Onent  indetenninate  glimpaea  caught  of  canoot  ccocciTe  Irhy  Hiaa  Gitmaa 
Knblebom  1 — ot  than  his  wild  lapaea  thought  the  pnblio  wished  to  read 
into  showeT  and  foam  1 — or  than  ths  them.  It  ia  leaUj  too  bad  for  hei  to 
eranishingofthe  whits  wagoner  and  his  talk  at  a  hodj,  in  this  style,  about 
white  horses  into  Ihe  shrieking  and  de-  "  gathering  relics  of  past  history,"  and 
Tonring  flood  1 — or  than  the  gentle  niell-  "floating  down  Btreams  of  time." 
ing  of  the  passionately  weeping  bride  As  for  Mrs.  Wilkinson,  I  am  really 
into  ibe  cryatal  waien  of  the  Danube  I  rejoiced  that  she  loat  her  ahoe-bucklea. 
"What  esn  be  more  divine  than  the  — 
character  of  the  aoul-leas  Undine  1 —  A  rather  bold  and  quica  naneoBsaary 
what  more  BQgnat  than  the  transition  tJagisriem — fromabookloowellknows 
into  the  aonl-posseaaing  wife  1  What  to  promise  impunity, 
can  Im  more  purely  beantiful  than  the  *'  It  is  now  full  time  to  begin  to  brush 
"whole  book  1  Kieiitious  literature  has  away  the  inaeets  of  literature,  whether 
nothing  SDperior,  in  lofUneoa  of  con-  creeping  or  fluttering,  which  bare  too 
■ception,  or  in  felicity  of  execution,  to  long  crawled  OTer  and  toiled  tlie  intal- 
Ihose  final  passages  which  embody  the  lectual  gronnd  of  this  country.  It  ia 
uplifting  oC  the  stone  from  the  fount  high  lime  to  shake  the  little  uckly 
by  the  order  of  fieitslda — the  silent  stems  of  many  a  puny  plant,  and  make 
and  sorrowful  le-adrent  of  Undine —  its  fading  doiterets  fall." — "JWon^jUy 
and  the  rapturous  death  of  Sit  Iluld-  Jiegiiter"—p.  313 — ^Vol.  S— N.  York, 
brand  in  the   embracesof  ttts  spiritaal  1S07. 

wife.  On  the  other  hand — "  I  have  bmshed 

—  away  the  insects  of  Literature,  wheth- 

These  tweWe  Letters*  are  occupied,  er  flattering  or  creeping ;  I  have  shak- 

in  part,  with  minute  details  of  such  en  the  little    stems  of  many  a  puny 

atrocities  on  the  part  of  the  British,  du-  plant,  and  the  flowerets  bave  fatleu." — 

ling  their  sojnum  in  Charleston,  as  the  Preface  to  the  "  Purtuiti  of  Litera- 

quizzing  of  Mrs.  Wilkinson  and  the  pil-  ture." 

fering  of  her  ahoe-buckies — the  remain-  — 

der  being  made  up   of  the   indignant  Had  John  Beniouilli  lived  to  hare 

comments  of  Mrs  Wilkinson  herself,      experience  of  O 'a  occiput  and  sin-  , 

It  is  Tcry  true,  as  the  Fro^e  as-  ciput,   he  would   bavs  abandoned,   ia 

Burea  us,  that  "few  records  exist  of  dismay,  his  theory  of  the  non-existenc* 

American  women  either  before  or  du-  of  hard  bodies, 

ring  the  war  of  the  ReTolntioo,  and  that  — 

those  perpetuated  by  Hiatory  want  the  As  (o  this  last  term  ("  high-binder") 

charm  of  personal  narration,  — but  then  which  is  so  confldently  quoted  aa  mod- 

we  are  well  delivered  from  such  charms  ern   ("not  in   use,    certainly,    before 

of  personal  narration  as  we  find  here.  1819"),  I  can  refute  all  that  is  said  by 

The  only  supposable  merit  io  the  com-  referring  to  a  journal  in  my  own  posaes- 

pUation  is  that  dogged  air  of  truth  with  sion — "The  Weekly    Inspector,"   for 

which   the   fair  anlhoreaa  relates  the  December  37, 1806 — published  in  New 

lamentable  story  of  her  miaod ventures.  York  : 

I  look  in  vain  for  that  "  useful  infer-  "  On  Christmas  Eve,  a  partyof  ban- 

matlon"  about  which  1  have  heard —  ditti,  amounting,  it  is  stated,  to  forty  or 

unless,   indeed,   it   is  in   the   passage  &(^  members  of  an  association,  c^ling 

where  we  are  told  thai  the  letter-writer  themselves   "  High-Binders,^'    assem- 

*'  waa  a  young   and   beautiful  widow ;  bted  in  front  of  St.  Peter's  Church,  in 

that  her  band-writing  is  clear  aud  fem-  Barclay-street,  einecting  that  theCath- 

inine ;  and  that  Ihe  tetters  were  copied  olio  ritnal  would  be  performed  wiUi  H 

by  herself  into  a  blank  quarto  book,  on  degree  of  pomp  and  splendor  which  has 


,11.  , I  =,  Google 


ORuUj  beea    omitted    ia   this    eitj.    Alul  too  dtep  BWeight  oftboveU 


Tbeee  c«nmoniea,  howorei,  not  taking 
plMe,  tbfl  HiKh-Bindeia  nanireated 
gretU  diapleuure." 

Id  »  Mibwqa 
tioD  >ie  called  ' 
vroie  Irish. 


"  Hidft-Biaden."  Thoj 


Perhaps  Mr.  Butow  is  right  aflei 
all,  aod  the  destth  of  genins  ia  Amer- 
ica ii  owing  to  the  contiaual  teasing  of 
the  muaqnitoB*.     "      ""  '    " 

cAin-CAtna." 


Had  fill'd  th;  heart  ia  ronth'*  iwM 

It  teem'd  with  love  aod  blin  o'ciiraagliti 

A»  fleetbg  pasiioa-Bover 
Uorolding  'nealh  a  aonthern  ikj, 
To  blossom  eooa  and  soon  to  die. 

Yet  ia  tbege  calm  and 

m  to  tee  thre  itill. 


Thfbrealh  lerme  floating  o'er  the  fiawcn, 
Tbf  whisper  oa  the  hill ; 
See  "Voyage  to  Co-    The  clear  faint  itar-ligbt  and  Uietn 
Are  whigpering  to  m;  heart  of  thee. 


Mra.  Arne^M  Welby  has  all  the  im- 
agination of  Maria  dtl  Occidente,  will) 
more  refined  taate  ;  and  all  the  pasaion 
of  Mrs.  Norton,  with  a  nicer  ear,  and 
(what  U  anrprising)  eqnal  art.  Very 
few  American  poets  ale  at  all  eompar- 
idtle  with  her  in  the  tnie  poetic  qaali- 
tiea.  Aa  for  our  poettutt  (an  abontd 
but  neceasary  wora),  none  of  them  ap- 
proach her. 

With  some  modifioationa,  thia  little 
poem  would  do  honor  to  any  one  living 
wdead. 

The  moon  within  onr  casement  beams. 
Oar  blue-eyed  babe  hath  dropped  to 

And  I  have  leO  it  to  its  dreams 

Amid  the  shadows  deep. 
To  mnie  beside  the  silver  tide 
Whose  waves  are  rippling  at  thy  tide. 

II  is  a  still  end  lovely  spot 

Where  they  have  laid  thee  down  to  reiti 
The  white-rose  and  forget-me-not 

Bkwm  aweelly  on  thy  breast, 
And  birds  aad  streams  wiLb  liquid  InQ 
Have  made  the  stillness  beaatiTul. 

And  soflly  thro"  the  farett  bats 

Light  lovelf  shapes,  on  glosty  jdumea, 
Float  ever  in,  like  winged  sUrs, 

Amid  the  parpling  gloolns  : 
Their  sweet  songs,  borne  Aom  tree  to  tree. 
Thrill  the  light  leave*  with  melody. 

ilat  I  the  very  path  I  tiaee, 

In  happier  hours  thy  footstqa  made; 
This  spot  waa  once  thy  retling-place  j 

Within  the  silent  shade 
Thy  lAitE  hand  trained  the  fragrant  bough 
Thatdrops"    " ' 


And  sealed  [bem  on  thy  lips,  my  love, 

Beneath  the  apple-boagbs. 
Our  hearts  had  melted  into  one, 
But  Death  nndid  what  Ixive  had  dime. 


No  more  thy  smiles  my  heart  rejoiee— 
Yet  still  I  start  to  meet  thine  eye. 

And  call  upon  the  low  sweet  voice 
That  gives  me  no  reply — 

And  list  witbiu  my  silent  door 

For  the  light  feet  that  come  no  mue. 

In  a  critical  mood  I  would  speak  of 
these  staazas  thus  : — The  subject  hu 
nMing  of  origiaalitj : — A  widower 
mnses  by  the  grave  of  his  wife.  Here 
then  ia  a  great  demerit ;  for  origiatliiy 
of  theme,  if  not  absolutely  first  sDoriit, 
ahould  be  sought  among  the  first.  No- 
thing is  more  clear  than  this  preposi- 
tion— although  denied  by  the  chtotin 
critics  <Ihe  grass-gieen).  The  desire 
of  the  new  is  an  element  of  the  sod. 
The  most  exquisite  pleasures  grow  dull 
in  repetition.  A  strain  of  music  en- 
chants. Heard  a  second  time  it  pleases. 
Heard  a  tenth,  it  does  not  displesae. 
We  hear  it  a  twenltetb,  and  ask  ont- 
sfllvea  why  we  admired.  At  the  fiflietk 
it  endnces  eonui— at  the  hundredth  di>- 

Mte.  Wolby'e  theme  ia,  therefoie, 
radically  fanity  so  far  as  originslity  it 
concerned  ; — bat  of  common  themes,  it 
is  one  of  the  very  best  among  the  clan 
pasnonale.  True  paaaion  is  prosaic— 
homely.  Any  strong  menu!  emotiDa 
Bttmulalee  aU  the  mental  faculliet; 
thns  grief  the  imagination  : — but  in  pro- 
portion as  the  Effect  ia  attengthened, 
the  eanae  earceaaes.  The  excited  iiui- 
cy  trinmphs — the  gtiof  is  sobdued— 
cnaalened — is  no  longer  grief.  In  this 
mood  we  are  poetic,  and  it  is  clear  thsl 
a  poem  now  written  will  be  poetic  in 
the  exact  ratio  of  its  dispassion.  A 
paaaionate  poem  is  a  eoniradiciion  in 
terms.  When  I  say,  then,  that  Mn. 
Welby'a  stanias  are  good  among  the 
class  jMurionalt  (usin^  the  term  com- 
monly and  ialaely  a^^lied),  I  mean  that 
her  tone  is  properly  sobdued,  and  is  not 
M)  mnch  the  tone  of  paaaion,  aa  of  a 


gle 


(flBtle  mud  imIwmWj  legret,  tntei-  AIm  I  tke  fttf  patk  I  txmet, 
wovea  with  a  pleauot  aente  of  the  u- 

timl  loTelineBa  snrrouiKling  tbe  lost  in  are,  Hki,  •ometbiog  mors  thu  BMrelr 

the  tomb,  uid  a  memorj  or  her  hamaii  Mtnnt,  and  are  richly  ideal;  espsoiallr 

besutj  vbile   alire. — Elegiac    poems  the  oauM  aaaigned  for  the  bhI;  deMh ; 

ehould  either  aeaume  (his  characlei,  oi  and  "  the  fiagtant  boagfa" 
dwell  purely  oa  the  beaut;  (moral  or 

phTBical)  of  (he   departed — or,  better  Tbat  droptitablaaMmio'ernieBOw. 
BtUl,  utter  the  notes  of  triumph.     I 

bare  eodeaTored  to  can;  out  this  Utter  The  two  eoncludioff  •taniis  are  re- 
idea  in  lome.  rerses  which  I  hare  matkable  example*  of  common  laaojea 
called  "  Lenore."  rejuienated,  aad  etfaerealioed  by  grace 

Those  who  object  to  the  proposition  of  eipresaioo,  and  melodj  of  rhjUm. 

-~tfaat  poetrj  and  passion  are  oiscord-  The  "  light   lo* el;  shapes"   in   the 

ant — would,  Ihns,  cite   Mrs.  Welby's  tbird    etanu    (howeTCr    beantifnl    in 

poem  SB  in  instance  of  a  paaaioosu  themaelves),     are     defective,     when 

one.      It   is  preciselj  similar  to   the  viewed  in  refereace  to  the  "  birds"  of 

hundred  others  which  have  been  cited  the    stanza    preceding.      The    iopi« 

for  like  purpose.     But  it  is  notpaaaion-  "birds"  is  dismiased  in  the  one  par*- 

Me ;  and  for  this  reason  [with  others  graph,  to  be  resumed  in  the  other, 

having  regard  to  her  fine  genina)  it  it  "  Drops,"   in   the   last   line   of   lbs 

poeticsl.    The  critics  upon  thia  topie  fourth  stanza,  is  improperly  used  in  aa 

displsf  an  amusing  igTioratie  tUncht.  active   sense.       To  drop   ja  a  neolei 

Diamissing   originality  and   tone,  I  verb.     An  ap|de  drope ;    we  let   tbe 

pass  to  the   general    handling,   than  apple  falL 

which  nothing  could  be  more  pare,  The  repetition  ("eeemed,"  "seem," 

more  natural,  or  more  judicious.    The  "  seems,"}  in  the  sixth  and  eeveoth 

perfect  keeping  of  the  various  points  is  atanias,  is  nngraeeful ;  so  also  that  of 

admirable — and    the    result    is  entire  "  heart,"  in  the  last  line  of  tfae  seTeoth) 

unity  of  impression,  or  effect.    The  and  the   first    of  the    eighth.      Tbe 

time,  a  moonlight  night;  the  locality  words " breathed" aud  "whispered," in 

of  the  grave  ;  the  passing  thither  from  the  second  line  of  the  fifth  stauia,  hav« 

the  cottage,  and  the  conclusion  of  tbe  a  force  too  nearly  identical.    "  Ntalh,'" 

theme  with  tbe  return  to  "  the  ailent  jnat  below,  is  an  awkward  contraction, 

door ;"  tbe  babe  left,  meanwhile,  "  to  All  contractions  are   awkward.     It  is 

its  dreams  )"  the  "  white  rose  and  fbi-  no  paradox,  that  tbe  more  prosaio  tha 

get-me-not"  upon  the  breast  of  the  en-  construction  of  verse,  the  better.     Iti- 

tombed;  the"birds  and  streams,  with  vertiotu  should  be   dismissed.      The 

liquid  lull,  that  make  the  stillness  beau-  most  forcible  lines  are  the  most  direct, 

tifnl ;"  tfae  birds  whose  songs  "  thrill  Mrs.  Welby  owes  three-fourths  of  her 

the  light  leaves  with   melody ;" — all  power  (so  far  as  style  is  concerned),  to 

these  are  appropriate  and  lovely  con-  ner  freedom  from   these   vulgar,   and 

ceptiooB  : — only  qoite  unoiiginal ; — and  particularly     English    errors — elision 

(be  it  observed),  the  higher  order  of  and  inversion.     O'er  is,  however,  too 

genius  should,  and  will,  combine  tbe  ofien  used  by  her  in  place  of  over,  and 

original  with  that  which  is  natural —  'twtu  for  it   tatu.     We  see  inetances 

not  in  tbe  vulgar  sense,  (ordinary) —  here.     The  only  inversions,  strictly 

but  in  the  artistic  sense,  which  hss  re-  speaking,  are 
ference   to   the  general   inletUion    of 

Nature. — We  have  this  combination  The  moon  within  onr  caaemeiU  beam^ 
well  effected  in  the  lines  : 

and — "  Amid  the  shadows  deep." 

And  softly  through  tbe  Ibrest  bars  The  versification  Ihroughont,  is  qo. 

Light  lovely  ihapes,  on  glotey  plnmei,  usually  good.     Nothing  can  excel 
Float  ever  in,  tike  winged  sUn, 

Amid  the  pnrpling  glooms— 

which  are,  nnqneationably,  the  finest  in 
the  puem. 

The   reflections   suggested    bj   the  'And  sealed  them  on  thy  lipe,  nj  lon^ 

scene— commencii^ :  Beneath  tbe  apple-bonghSi                          ^^               . 

.)g,t,zcd=vL700glC 


Marginalia. 


OT  the  wbole  of  l^e  eoneladii)^  sUnzk, 
if  we  leare  ont  of  view  the  unpleaaant 
. lepetitJDD of  '*  And"  b1  the  eommenee' 
nMst  of  the  third  kiid  fifth  hpn.  "  Thy 
vhiU  hand  Iraintd"  (see  atania  the 
foarth)  ioTolvee  foar  eoDBonantB,  ih&t 
noite  with  difficoltj — ndtr — and  the 
hanhosM  is  teodeied  niDra  apparent, 
by  the  employment  of  the  apoedee, 
"  hand  trmntd"  in  place  of  an  lambua. 
"  Melody  "  is  &  feeble  tenniiratioD  of 
the  third  alania's  lail  line.  The  eyl- 
liUe  dy  ie  ool  full  enough  to  eoetain  the 
Ihjme.  All  theae  endings,  liber- 
ty, property,  happi/y,  uid  the  like, 
bowevet  justified  by  aulhonty,  are 
groBsl J  objectionable.  Upon  the  whole, 
tiiera  are  aome  poets  in  America 
<Bryant  and  Sprafne,  f 
who  equal  Mrs.  Welby  in 
metils  of  that  limited  TeniGcatioo 
■whioh  they  chiefly  affect — the  iambie 
pentameter — but  noue  equal  her  in  the 
lioher  and  poaitite  merits  of  rhyth- 
mical variety,  conception — rnyention. 
They,  in  the  old  routine,  rarely  err. 
She  often  Barprisea,&nd  si  waysdetighta, 
by  novel,  rich  and  accurate  combinalicn 
of  ^e  ancient  muaical  expressions. 

How  thoroughly  comprehensive  ie 
theace«uM  of  Adam,  as  giren  at  the 
bottom  of  the  old  pictore  in  the  Vaii- 
oaa! — "Adam,  divinitia  edoetus,  pri- 
mtit  icientiarum  et  littrarmn  inven- 
tor." 

A  ballad  entitled  ''  Indian  Serenade," 
a.ndput  intothomoulbof  (heherOjVasca 
Nanez,  is,  perhaps,  the  most  really 
merilorioDS  portion  of  Mr.  Simms' 
'"  Damsel  of  Darien."  This  stanza  is 
tiiU  of  musie : 

And  their  wild  and  mellow  voices 
Still  to  hear  along  the  deep 

Every  brooding  star  rejoicei, 
Wbile  the  billow,  on  its  pillow, 

Lulled  to  silence  seems  to  sleep. 

Aad  aleo  this : 

'Til  the  wail  for  life  they  wakea 

BySamana'a  yielding  shore — 
"With  the  tempest  it  is  shakeu ; 

The  wild  ocean  is  in  motion. 
And  the  Bong  is  heard  uo  more. 

Talking  of  coi 
ft  geologist  put  t) 


tiie  Fox  that  loM  bb  lull  Beeaste 
he  knows  that  no  animal  lemaiDs  bare 
ever  been  foaitd  in  trap. 

Twenty  years  ago  credulity  was  (1m 
obaraeleristic  trait  of  ihemob,  inetedii- 
lily  the  distinctive  feaiara  of  lbs  phQo- 
eophie ;  tuna  the  ease  is  coorened. 
The  wise  are  wisely  averse  fram  dtilw- 
lief.  To  be  eeeptiut  ia  no  longer  ari- 
denee  either  of  informatioo  or  of  wh. 

The  title  of  this  book*  deceives  ni. 
It  ia  by  no  means  "  talk"  as  men  noder- 
■tand  it — not  that  trne  talk  of  wlueli 
Boflwell  has  been  the  best  historiogn- 

Eher.  In  a  word  it  is  not  g«>np  nhieh 
aa  been  never  better  defined  tban  In 
Basil,  who  calls  it  "  talk  for  tslk^ 
sake,"  nor  more  thoionghly  compre- 
hended than  by  Horace  Wdpole  md 
Mary  Wortley  Montague,  who  made  il 
a  profeaaion  and  a  pnrpose.  Embnc- 
ing  all  things,  it  has  neither  beginoisg, 
middle,  nor  end.  Thus  of  the  gouipei 
it  was  not  properly  said  that  "he  com- 
mences his  discourse  by  juropiug  ■» 
mediaa  res."  For,  clearly,  yourgm- 
siper  commences  not  at  all.  He  is  be- 
gun. He  is  already  begun.  He  isal- 
wa^B  began.  In  the  matter  of  end  lie 
ie  indeterminate.  And  by  these  ei- 
tremes  shall  ye  know  him  lo  be  of  the 
Ciesars — forf^yrogenittii — of  (he  riglil 
vein — of  the  true  blood — of  the  bine 
blood — of  the  sangre  azula.  As  fit 
laws,  he  is  cognizant  of  bnt  one,  ib« 
invariable  absence  of  all.  And  for  liii 
road,  were  it  as  straight  as  the  Appit 
and  as  broad  as  that  "  which  leadetb  le 
deBlruetion,"  nevertheless  would  be  be 
malcontent  without  a  frequent  bi^ 
skip- and -jumpi  over  the  hedg^,  ioU 
the  templing  pMtnres  of  digression  be- 
yond. Such  IB  the  goBsiper,  sod  of 
such  alone  is  the  true  taik.  But  when 
Coleridge  asked  Lamb  if  he  had  eret 
heard  him  vreocA,  the  answer  was  quit* 
happy — "  I  have  never  heard  yen  do 
anything  else."  The  truth  is  aial"Tir 
ble  Discourse"  might  have  anewend 
as  a  title  to  this  book  ;  but  its  chtne- 
ter  can  be  fully  conveyed  only  in  "Post- 
Prandian  Sub-Sermoas,"  or  "  Three- 
Bottle  Sermonoids." 


"Cohru^i  TaHsJaft." 


I  =y  Google 


1844.]                                                Mcrginalia.  593 

induttrioQS,  patient,  paint-taking,  e6a-  who  wrote,  a1»n,  "  Albert  de  Rosann,'^ 

e>led,   analytic,    srtietical   (uaing  the  and  "  Pickwick  Abroad" — both  ezc^- 

tbree  last   epithets  with  moch  meDlal  lent  things  ia  their  waj. 

TEBBrTe)  ;  and  therefore  will  write  the  — 

belter  book  opoo  the  whole  : — but  the  Mr.  Grattan,  who,  in  general,  writes 

fomer  rigee,  at  liRies,  to  an  nnpremedi-  well,  haa  a  bad  habit  of  loitering — of 

tated  elcTalioo  altogether  bejond  the  toying  with  hia  aubject,  as  a  cat  with  a 

flight,  and  eten  beyond  the  appreciation  moo»e,  instead  of  grasping  it  Grmlj  at 

of  his  cotemporarj.       DicKens,   with  once,   and    devouring  it   without  ado. 

care  and  cnlture,  might  hare  prodoced  He  takea  np  loo  much  time  in  the  ante- 

"  The  Last  of  the  Barons,"  bat  ooihing  Toom.    He  has  nerer  done  with  hia  ia- 

ahort   of   moral   Vollaisro  could   have  troductions.     Sometimes  one  introduc- 

spirited  Bulwer  into  the  conception  of  lion  is  merely  the  Tsstibule  to  anotbeT  ; 

the  concluding  passages  of  the  "  Cari-  so  that  by  the  time  he  arrives  at  bis 

osity-Shop."  main  theme,  there  is  none  of  it  left. 

—  He  ia  afflicted  with  a  perTCraity  cotn- 
"  Adrancing  briskly  with  a   rapier,  mon   enough    even    among  otherwiae 

he <j(if  lAe£ujineijforliim atablow." —  good  talkers — an  irrepressible deatie of 

SmotUll.  Thia  vulgar  colloquialism  had  tantalising  by  circumfocnlioa. 

its  type  among  the  Romans.     El/erro  Iftba  greasyprint  here*  eihibited  is, 

ntbitus grauatus,agitrtm. — Juvenal,  indeed,  like   Mr.  Grattan,  then  is  Mr. 

—  Grattan    like    nobody    else — for   who 
We  may  safely  grant  that  the  effects  else  ever  thrust   fuith,  from  beneath  ». 

of  the  oratory  of  DemosthencB  were  wig  of    wire,   the   countenance  of  ati 

Tsater  than  those  wrought  by  the  elo-  over-done  apple-dumpling  * 

quence  of  any  modern,  and  yet  not  con-  — 

troveit  the  idea  that  the  modern  el o-  Itis  aaid  in laaiah, respecting Idumea, 

Sience,  itself,  is  superior  to  that  of  the  that   "none   shall   pass   through   thes 

reek.     The  Greeks  were  an  eicita-  for  ever  and  ever."     Dr.  Keith  hetef 

ble,  unread  race,  for  tbey  had  no  print-  insists,  as  osual,  upon  understanding  the 

ed  books.      Viva  voce  exhortations  car-  passage  in  its  most  strictly  literal  sense. 

Tied   with  them,  to  Iheir  quick  appre-  He attempsloprovethat  neither Burek- 

hensions,  all  the  gigantic  force  of  the  hardt  nor  Irby  passed  throvgh  the  coun- 

flfio.     They   had  much  of  that   vivid  try — merely  penetrating  to   Petra,  and 

interest  which  the  first  fable  has  upon  relnming.      And   our  Mr.    John   Ste- 

the  dawning  intellect  of  the  child — an  phens  entered  Idumea  with  the  deliber- 

inlerest  which  is  worn   away   by  the  ate  design  of  putting  the   question   to 

frequent  pernsal  of  similar  things — by  test.      Ho   wished   to  see  whether  it 

the  freqiient  iticeptioQ  of  simitar  fan-  was  meant  that  Idumea  should  not  bo 

cies.     The  suggestions,  the  arguments,  passed    through,   and    "accordingly," 

the  incitements  of  the  ancient  thetori-  aays  he,  "  1  passed  throngh  it  from  one 

cian  were,  when  compared  with  (hose  end  to  the  other."     Here  is  error  on 

of  the  modern,  absolutely  novel ;  pos-  all  sides.     In  the  Grst  place,  he  waa 

sessing  thus  an  immense  adventitious  not  auSiciently  informed  in  the  Ancient 

force — a   force  which  has  been,  oddly  Geography   to  know  that  the  Idumea 

enough,  left  out  of  sight  in  all  estimates  which  he  certainly  did  pass  through,  ia 

of  the  eloquence  of  the  two  eras.  noltheIdumea,oi  Edom,  intended  in  the 

The  finest  Philippic   of    the   Greek  prophecy — (he  latter  lying  much  farther 

would  have  been  hooted  at  in  the  Brit'  eastward.     In  the  next  place,  whether 

ish  House  of  Peers,  while  an  impromp-  he  did  or  did  nut  pass  through  the  tms 

lu  of  Sheridan,  or  of  Brougham,  would  Idumea — or  whether  anybody,  of  lata 

have  carried   by  Sturm  all   the  hearts  daya,  did  or  did  not  pass  through  it — ia 

and  all  the  intellects  of  Athens.  a  point  of  no  consequence  either  to  tha 

—  proof  or  to  the  disproof  of  the  literal 
"  The  author  of  "Afuerrimiu"nir>A(  fulfilment  of  the  Prophecies.      For  it 

havebeen  W.G.  Simms  (whose"jt^-  is  quitea  mistake  on  the  part  of  Dr. 

(in  t'aber"  is  just  such  a  work) — but  u  Keith — hia  supposition  thai  travelliag 

G.  M.  W.  Reynolds,  an  Englishman,  through  Idumea  is  prohibited  at  all. 


"  High- Wayi  and  By-Wayt" 
VOL   XT. — HO.  LXXTIII. 


•'•  High- Ways  and  By-Way," 

fLiteralFulfilmenloftbeProphecies."  ,,  (      r^J^n    n 


IH  MargiMlM.  [D«e. 

Tfae  words  couceiTed  to  embnee  the  luhemmnah,  and  »  ifduin;  vtUdi- 
prohibition,  are  found  in  luiah  34-10,  roll,  and  I  will  cut  off;  minsMnau, 
and  are  LeneUach  niliachim  tin  ottr  from  it;  mtr,  him  that  goetii;  vaul, 
\ah: — literally — LeneUach,  roraneter-  and  him  that  retumetb: — And  I  vill 
nit;  ;  ntitachinit  of  etemitiea  ;  iin,  give  Mount  Seir  for  an  ulter  desolaUon, 
not ;  ovrr,  moving  about ;  boA,  ia  it.  and  I  will  cut  off  from  it  him  linlpai- 
That  ia  lo  say  ;  for  an  eternity  of  eter-  selh  and  repiuteth  therein.  Tfae  rercr- 
nities,  (there  ahall)  not  (be  auy  one)  enee  hers  is  as  in  the  preceding  pu- 
movtng  about  in  it — not  through  it.  sage ;  allusion  i*  made  to  the  inhibilantt 
The  participle  over  refers  to  one  tnov-  of  the  land,  aa  moving  about  in  it,  ud 
ing  to  and  fto,  or  up  aud  down,  end  la  actively  employed  in  the  buBinesi  of 
Uie  same  term  which  ia  translated  "  cur-  life.  I  am  suataieed  in  the  transUtioa 
rent "  aa  an  epithet  of  money,  in  Ge-  of  over  vatal  by  Geaeniua  S.5~»ol  2 
neaiaSS,  16.  Theprophet  means  only  — p  £70,  Leo't  Tnmt.:  Compare, 
that  there  ahall  be  do  mark  of  lifs  in  also,  Zacbariab  7,  14  and  9,  8.  Then 
the  land — no  livins  being  there — no  ia  something  analogODa  in  the  Hebrew- 
one  moving  up  and  down  in  it.  He  re-  GreekpbraBe,at  Acts,  9,28 — hiv^ 
fers  merely  to  its  general  abandonment  trmt  tirwiifmf:m(  ku  'uttfoitxm  o 
and  desolation.  'Ii^vn>4/i' — And  he  was  with  them  in 

In  the  same  way  we  have  received  Jerueatem,  coming  in  and  going  oat. 
an  erroneous  idea  of  the  meaning  of  The  Latin  veriaitu  est  is  preciselj  pt- 
Ezekiel  36, 7,  where  the  aame  region  laphrastic.  The  meaning  is  that  Sud, 
is  mentioned.  The  common  version  the  pew  convert,  was  on  iotimaleiemi 
roDS ; — "  Thus  wilt  I  make  Mount  Seir  with  the  true  believers  in  Jentulen; 
most  desolate,  and  cot  off  from  it  him  moving  about  among  them  to  and  6a, 
Ihat  pasaeth  out  and  him  that  return-  or  in  and  out. 
eth  — a  sentence  which  Dr.  Keith  —  > 
viewB  as  he  does  the  one  from  Tsaiah  ;  The  author  of  "  Cromwell  "doei 
that  is,  he  soppoaes  tt  lo  forbid  any  belter  aa  a  writer  of  ballade  thin  of 
travetling  in  Idumea  under  penally  of  prose.  He  haa  &acy,  and  a  fine  cut- 
death  ;  instancing  Burckhardt's  death  ception  of  rhythm.  But  hisTomiolieo- 
shortly  aller  his  return,  as  confirming  hisloriea  have  all  the  effervescence  of 
this  supposition,  on  the  ground  that  he  hia  verse,  without  its  flavor.  Noihiag 
died  in  consequence  ol  the  rash  at-  worse  than  his  tone  can  be  invented  :— 
tempt.  turgid  sententiousneas,  involute,  tpu- 

Now  the  words  of  Eiekie)  are  : —  modically  straining  alter  effect.    And 

Venathati  eth-har    Seir  lethimmanak  to    render    matters   worae,  hs   is  U 

VsHemamah,  vehichrati  mtmrntnnu  over  thorough  an  unisiylist  asCardinal  Chigi, 

vtual : — literally —  Venalhati,    and    I  who    boasted  that  he  wrote  with  tlit 

will  give  1  eih-har,  the  mountain  ;  Stir,  same  pen  for  half  a  ceninry. 
Seir  ;  Utiummamah,  for  a  desolstion ; 


lizcdbyGooi^le 


7%t  RuiMutranee. 


THE   REMONSTRANCE. 


[A  Tor  ftillviilOTelrglrl-'lhaliMtiniichDf  *rae«ii'balisdb«ea  nrfdun  dotni  tar  eonminp- 
don  itBurlT  Owwmutt  for  •rv>nl|<D>ntl(Ki>— litluBl^)Ri<irita1ininaiinnDca.  81m  had  biiea 
taif  hwioud  br  tbe  pnacntiiiKai  oT  in  eutf  de«h  In  emknaa  vUh  bn  iMa.    Thli  mtiiat  iTpi*- 

■ '-B  hail  flnalLir  aocb  U^i  upon  her  lini|liutkiB.  that  *li«  Mdtoily  oubdn*  tnm  ■ ~  *" 

_.._  .._i -irwhelmHl  By  Ihi  Dnceulii( Udii  oT ailnilr ' 

_.   .,    ,     . ^  .._       JWA  Ihu  AWT  Qiurur.    HrfMf 

br  bciwll*.  u  lHi.tbal  ibB  feand  but 
IM  br  tt,  bo-  BiLnil  ibauld  be  degraded 
oeCDP7  ll  Ib  Uu  ibort  ipaca  appoieally  i 

They  say  Ihoa'st  la'ao^ 
To  Beam  iha  anhuly  love  of  men  ; 
Thai  thy  chaate  apirit  will  not  bow 
To  aught  leu  pure  than  Heaven  again ; 
Ob  no  !    For  ihia  poor  world  e'en  aow 
]b  dark  enough— it  cannot  be. 
Where  (here's  to  little  glad,  that  thou, 
Iria  of  Gladneaa !  abould'it  be  firat  to  flee. 

Oh,  leave  ne  not '.  oar  pilgrimage 
Wearily  here  we  drag  along, 
Campaaaed  abont  by  ibe  dull  tage 
Of  Paaaion'a  hiraule,  tameleu  throng ! 
Cannot  thia  piteous  aule  engage 
Thy  gentle  heart  lo  atay  and  aing 
Tbuaeaktey  notes  which  Zella'a  age 
Heard  the  clear  harpa  of  aeraph-loieiB  ring  t 

Sueb  sweet  nnearthly  harmonies, 
To  pale  way-raring  men,  I  deem, 
The  low  Yoice  of  thy  Byrapaihiea 
In  toft  conimane  with  them  wontd  seem. 
Oh,  how  elate  and  joyfully, 
Their  brows  all  clear  a<ain,  they'd  amile, 
And  talk  of  Hope,  of  Heaven,  of  thee. 
And  ahower  thy  locks  with  blessing-dews  the  wbila  ! 

Thoa  canat  not  think  lo  hide  away 
The  splendora  of  the  light  thou  beareat  < 
It  cannot  be  the  garish  day 
Of  life,  in  thy  meek  heart,  then  feareat  t 
Can  clouds  obscure  the  aky-fire's  play, 
Or  earth-mould  aoil  its  red  qniok  atreama  I    ' 
Oh,  bow  much  lovelier  a  ray 
Inuaortal  bom  the  dust  of  sorrow  gleama ! 

What  ihongh  thnn  should'st  not  linger  here, 

Like  comtnoQ  thiags  fur  many  a  day, 

la  the  frail  violet  less  dear 

To  gentle  thonght,  that  will  not  atay. 

Like  a  coarse  Bummer-flower,  (he  year! 

Or  odorous  memories  lel^  behind. 


By  the  quick  bright-winged  messenger. 
To  Iboae  who  mourn,  leas  perfectly  reBned ! 


Eternity  of  blias  can  peat 
Ita  eager  flood  of  ecstacy 


lizcdbyGoOl^Ic 


Tht  WorU.  [Dm. 


CaTeering  through  one  single  boor 
or  love  thongh  eaithly  it  maj  be! 
Oh,  scotn  it  not  then — bat  before 
Life's  spring-lime  from  thy  span  be  wuted, 
Thoagh  the  n-cird  draught  be  brimmiog  o'er, 
Leave  do  sweet  wildeiing  drop  noknown,  antuWd ! 

Time  is  not  counted  by  the  flight 
Of  miontes  and  of  days,  to  love; 
But  by  the  throb,  the  pulae,  the  might 
Of  nide  emotions,  while  they  mOTe 
Like  drifting  shadows,  fui  snd  light, 
Across  the  soul's  clear  firmament — 
Ages  of  being  through  one  bright 
And  giddy-wbLtling  ittatanl,  Qashing,  tent! 

Aye,  then !  repent  thee,  lady  fair, 
Oithat  rash  tow  1 — and  in  bdief 
That  life's  most  precious  treasures  are, 
Not  length  of  days,  but  in  the  brief 
And  glowing  commune  of  those  rara 
Thooghi-freighled  spirits  here — oh  lay 
That  sweet  sool's  holj  secrets  bare. 
Confidingly  to  love's  own  vrarm-eyed  day  ! 


THE  WORLD. 


"  The  world  is  well !"  the  full-fed  noble  cries, 

And  on  his  silksn  coucb  sinks  down  to  rest ; 
"  The  world  is  well !"  the  preacher  still  replies, — 

"  There  may  be  wo,  but  all  is  for  the  best — 
"  It  is  God's  will !" — and  thus  the  lie  goes  roand. 

The  starring  child  waileth  aloud  for  bread  ; 
The  ramished  mother  maddens  at  the  sound. 

And  the  pale  father,  from  his  wretched  bed. 
Prays  HesTen  for  help.     The  slaTc  clanketfa  hia  chain 

In  the  free  air,  and  tn  the  blanching  stars, 
That  blanch  for  fear,  diaplaya  the  festering  scars 

Of  whip  and  fetter.  Blood  and  outrage  slain 
The  groaning  earth,  making  ita  breast  a  hell — 
And  yet  the  preacher  cries,  "  The  world  ia  well !" 

ThoQ  willing  foo)l     For  this  hast  thoa  pored  o'er 
The  sacred  page,  and  scann'd  the  thriJlJng  speech 
Of  Him,  the  Nazarene,  who  did  speak  and  teach 

As  never  yet  did  man,  and  conn'd  the  lore 
Of  prophet  and  apostle?    Tarn  again. 

And  from  the  lips  of  Him,  whom  thou  dost  call 
Thy  Master,  learn,  ihat  what  ye  would  that  men 

Should  do  to  you,  do  ye  even  nnlo  all! 

Then  look  abroad  throughout  this  peopled  sphere — 

List  to  the  prayer  of  want,  the  wail  of  wo; 
Hark  how  the  lyranl  scoffs  the  victim's  tear. 

Bow  Power  and  Pride  ride  o'er  the  weak  and  low ; 
And  lift  thy  voice,  as  His  was  raised  of  yore, 
Oi  leave  tby  trade — the  sword  befits  thee  mMS  1 
TamUat,  Matt, 


)  giti: 


I  =y  Google 


LOVE  TBBsna  TASTE.— A  TALE  OF  ART.* 

BV    MSB.    E.    P.    BLLBT. 

"  O  Ihil  I  Ihouf  hi  ll  cmtd  be  In  ■  wobkb. 

njiclihimiiid 
Ihiu  hlixMl  d«in ! 

(falbg  ■flWnied  oLih  the  milch  wd  wdfhl 

iiT  wen  I  then  iiiiirted !     Bm  ilu  ! 

ul  fUopJer  Uun  Uu  Inftacy  of  [rnlh."^  TVtilw  «d  CVuiUa. 


Ik  thfl  tummeT  of  1826,  it  happened  from  hia  Bighl,  and  then  went  thought- 

thit  a  TouDi^  man,  whom  we  shall  aim-  full;  tawkrda  his  lodging*. 
ptj  eall  Louis,  smDaiciaDbjprofeBsioDi        Suddenljr  the   idea  struck  him,  aha 

anived  in  Berlin.    He  had  loug  wished  will  of  course  be  at  the  opera  to-night! 

to  visit  this  oitj  ;  its  adTancement  in  and  he   resolved   to   do   what  be  had 

ait,  its  {|ifiied  men,  the  cuhiraiiou  and  never  done  be fnre,  observe  the  ladiea 

taste  of  its  eitiiena  generally,  were  no  particularly. 

■light  attractions   for   tbe    artist    and        The  hour  came  for  the  opera ;  ctr- 

stodent.     It  was  his  rule  to  neglect  no  riages  rolled  along  the  ttreeis ;    Loaia 

opportunity  of  hearing  anything  good  ;  sat  in  the  pit  where   he  could  see  over 

BO  that  he  uaoally  visited  the  opera  tbe  house,  and  looked   easerly  around 

every  evening.  for  hia  unknown  fair  one.  In  vain !  she 

One   day  soon   after   his  arrival   in  was  nowUere  to  beseen  I 
Berlin,  passing  the  opeia  hoase,  he  saw        The    magnificent    oveitnre   began  ; 

a  man  fastening  a  fiesh  bill  to   a   co-  Lonis  was  now  in  despair.     She  would 

lumn  of  tbe  building.     He  waited  to  not   be   at  the   opera ;  for  who  would 

read  it;  it  announced   the   sudden   ill-  miss   the  overture  to  Don   Giovanni! 

aesB   of  one  of  tbe  aingera,  on  which  He   was   disappointed,   and   felt    only 

aoconnt   the   evening's    entertainment  half  roused  to  his  wonted  enthusiasm. 

was  to  be  changed.      Instead   of  the  Tbe   grief  of  Donna  Anna,    Elvira's 

Otello  of  Rossini,  Den  Giovanni  was  tears,   Zeclina'a  wiicherj,  Don    Gio- 

lo  be  performed.  vannl's   bold  wickedness,  failed  to  ei- 

While  Iioais  stood,  attentively  read-  cite  him  aa  the;  bad  been  used   to  do, 

in^  tbe  bill,  he  heard  a  soft  female  In  fact,  be  only  half  listened  to  the 

TOIce  close  to  him  say,  "  Ah  !  J  am  so  music. 

gUd   of  that !"      He   turned   quickly,        The   performance   was   at   sn   end. 

and  aaw  a  beantiful  young  girl,  who  Discontented  and  vexed  with  himself, 

had  noticed  the  bill  in  passing    by.  Lonis  stood  in  the  vestibule  while  the 

When  she   caught  the   young    man's  crowd  was  passing  out.     Just  then  ha 

look,  she  blushed,  and  InrnlDg  away  caught  the  tones    of  a   remembered 

bei  bead,  walked  hastily  on.     Louis  voice — "  To  the  left,  dear  fatbec,  the 

Mood  gasing  after  her;  the  tones  of  her  carriage   is  at  the  other   door!"     He 

rich  voice  had  charmed  him,  but  much  started,    and    pressing  forward,  stw 

more  her  slender,  elegant,  and  graceful  what  appeared  to  bs   the   same   dark 

fignre,  and  the  lovely  face  of  which  he  silk  soarf  he  had  seen  in  the  morning, 

fatul  cangbt  a  brief  glimpse.    Unae-  It  vna  worn  by  a  young  lady,  who  * 

i|aainled  with  the  ways  of  young  men  leaned  on  the  arm   of  aa  elderly  man ; 

in  large  cities,  he  did  not  follow  ber,  and  both  were  going  towards  the  side 

bttt  stood  looking  till    she  vanished  door.    Louis  was  ahoutio  follow  them, 


)  taken  fhim  a  nowlb  of  Lodwig 

.)g,t,zcd=y  Google 


§t9                                         Lett  permu  TatU.  [Ott. 

frben  be  ftll »  band  Iiid  aa  hi*  •hmlder,  Tfaej  atood  trader  iMBe  liodci  trtci, 

snd  at  Uie  aanw  moment  hi*  ann  was  in  fcooi  of  a  bocae  wbeae  lovei  ito^ 

ffraspcd  by   lome   one   in  ibe  crowd,  wu  brillianll;  ligbted.    llie  bshi  U 

''Good  evening,  friend!"  cried  a  imigh  full  npoa  tbe  street  tbimgb  ue  wii- 

Toiee.    "Whither,  in   inebhaKel    I  dona.      Befare    tbej    enteied,  bulk 

haTe  been  looking  for  yon  eterywbera.  Innied  (o  look  at   some    puMnJ^. 

Quick,  come  wiib  me  '    We  ahall  np  What  nas  the  ■afoDiibmeot  of  Umk, 

together!"     The   apeaker  waa   Heia-  to  recognize  his  fair  nnknowii, leuiini 

•enbeimer,  an  old  merchant ;  an  excel-  on  the  arm  of  (he  elderlr  man  be  \aa 

lent  man,  anda  paHioDale    admirer   of  seen   at   the    opera!      Tbe  lampligb 

naaie.     Lonia  had    brought  a  letter  to  ahone  upon  her  face  ;  it  was  the  nrj 

bim  ;  and  Ihui   he    foand  it  impossible  same !       He  atatted  forward  ;  Dothing 

to  decline    hia  friendly   inTitation,  on-  now  wodM   hare   withheld  bim ;  bU 

welcome  aa  it  waa  jnst  at  ibis  munient.  Ileissenbeimer     sprang   alao  towirdi 

Mechanically  he  suffered  himself  to  be  them,  exclaiming — "  H» !  Signor  Ric- 

led    away,   wishing,  bowefer,  the    old  co  !  Maestro!    whilber   away'.    Good 

gentleman  and  hi*   mpper  at  the  bol-  eTCn  la  you,  pretty  Nina !" 

torn  of  tbe  aea,  and  looking  bock  more  Both     Bta[>ped    at    thia    aalnbtion. 

than  oneo,  to  aee   if  he  could  catch  a  While   Heiasenhelraer    waa  ipeakiBg 

flinipso    of    hia    beautiful    unknown,  with  Ihem,  Lonis  Mood  in  tome  enW' 

Nothing  oould   be  seen  but  athrong  of  raasment;    till   his  friend  lecoltected 

ttrange  faces,  and   his  companion  har-  faimaelf,  and  presented  bim.    "  Eeeo 

lied  him  out  of  tbe   nearest  side  doof)  — Maestro— here  is  a  young  noKaita, 

to  escape  the  confliaion.  who  will  give  you  sometbiflg  to  do: 

Whife  thej^  made  their  way  through  he  will  diapnie  with  you  ^wol  Setat- 

the  etowd  without,  Heisaenheimer  did  tian  Bach  and    Roasini.    M^ater  Ldu 

not  obserre  the  ahatraction  of  bis  young    the  chapel-maMer,  Signor  Kieu, 

eompanion.    Bo i  they   aoon   emerged  and  hia  danghter  Nina'."     Iioimbae- 

Into  a  clear  apace,  where  the  moon  ed,    coloring   deeply,    and  mursianl 

ahone  btighlly  on  noble  buildings  ;  and  aome  indefinite  word*    about  pjecinn 

the  old    man  suddenly    cried — "But  and  honor.    Hii  oomptnion  inlemptri 

hare  yon  nothing,  friend,  to  asyl    I  them  with"  My  good  friends,  ma^I 

have  been  waiting  for  the  exprecsioo  of  beg  the   faror  of  your  cMnpany  witli 

yoar  delight,  sod  hardly  kept  my  own  tist    Will  yoa  sap  in  tbe  Co/f  R^ 

within  bounds.     What  is  the  meaning  fair  Nina}''     Nina    declined  tbeinri- 

sfihisl    Is  anything  the  matter  1"  tation  gracefully,  but   begged  bcr  fc- 

*'  Nay,   Mr.     Heissenheimer,"    re-  ther  not  to  lose  the  pleasure.    Tbiit 

turned    the   young  man,  smiling,     "  I  home  was  only  two  doors  off,  aid  ibe 

have  fait  the  beauty  of  the  work   none  could  go  there  without  escort.    "  Wa 

the   less,  Uiat  I  have  enjoyed  it  in  at-  will  all  escort  yoa,"  said  tbe  old  ntai- 

lenoe."  chant,  "  hurt  aa  I  am  that  yoa  will  not 

"  Bat,"  eried  the  other  petulantly,  m  with  as."    Two  or  Uiree  mere  gal- 

"  that  is  not  Ihe  way  with  younr   pe»-  lant  speeches  paseed,  aikd  th%  three  a^ 

^1    1  like  not  thiadaltnea8,audaTaTe  eompanied  the  young  lady  l« tbeehapal- 

looks,  when  the  heart  ahould  be  full  of  master's  house.   After  *  polite  ackiMnr- 

joy.    You  have  youthful  apirits,  Iotc,  ledgmenl  of  ibeir  courtesy,  NinadiMp- 

flre  in  yoar  breaat,  and  stioald   give  peered;   the  gentlemeu  went   to  iIm 

tiiem  vent  t    Be  eheerhil,  I  tell  you  ;  eaf«  where  an   ezceilest  supper  wu 

be  delighted,  be  frolieaome,  be   half  prepared,  with  the   beet    winea;  asJ 

mad  with  enlhMiasm  ;  or  I  warn  you,  Heissenheimer  played  tbenenybsii 

yoa  haie  old  Heiasenheinier  fur  en  ene-  to  his  beajrt'a  content. 
miy  I     But   slop  ;  here  we  are  at  tbe 
ptaee  already  !^ 


CRIPTKR   n. 

ArTiKSigaoiRieoo  bad  explained  the  aation  tamed  on  the  opera  tbey  bad 

tnyttorT  oT  his  danghter  and    himself  justsecQ.    Thechapel-mastetdecfartd, 

C'  ig  heme  on    feet,  tlieir   carriage  with  a  half  eomie  diatoniea  ef  hct- 

ing  disappointed  tbenmbe  eonver-  that  he  wished  be  hed  stayed  »«sy. 


gle 


1844.]  Lm*  verttu  Taste.  5M 

"And  whj,  maealTOI"  ulted  Heis-  adopt*  the  olhei'i  opmion.     Do  thej 

•enhEimer.    "I  hoped  to  have  heard  not  agree — yon  bare  DolindefMndeDco 

Roasini'*   magniBceDt  OltUo;  and  waa  eninigh  to  yield  to  an  impreaaion  of  na- 

compelled   to   take   instead   that   con'  tore,  aod  Judge  thereby,  the  thiaj  ia 

founded  Don  GioTanni."  worthless.     If  a  German  ia  dying  nith 

"Rieco,"  aaid   the    old    merchant,  raptore,  he  is  to  blame  if  not  ennptar- 

"  yon  are  certainly  akilled  in  the  black  ed  according  to  rule  !    Corpodi  Bacoot 

■n,  and  hare  wroaght  roagic upon  me ;  I  hare  more  gall  in  me  than   wine! 

elae  I  know  not  what  prerenta  me  from  Fill  my  glass  '." 

throwing  this  empty  champagne  flask        "  Yoo    nre    leaving    the    anbject — • 

at    yoor   head!      Buller — some   more  Signer    Ricco,"    said     Louis;    "yon 

wine!  and  have  done,  chapel- master,  were  to  complain  of  Don  Giorann!  aa 

with  ynuT  nonsense  abool  Rossini,  for  a  German.     1  confees,  I  am  curious  to 

whom  1  know  you  care  as  little  as  I '.  hear  you." 

and  tell  us   trnly,  were   you   not  en-         "  I  also,"  added  the  merchant.  "  Bnt 

laptared  with  the  glorioas  masterpiece  it    will    come  to  nothing  ;  for  I  see 

of  to-night  V  he  is  treating  cb  to  one  of  his  acciu- 

"O  Gemuns — where  are  your  ears  1  tomed  jokes." 
Caro  Heissenheimer,  I   will   tell  yon        "  Nay — it  is  my  ardor  that  leads  ma 

tiie  trath ;  bnt  shall  I,  mio  cuore,  ciiti-  to  digression.     To  return  to  Don  Gio- 

cise  as  an  Italian  or  a  German  T'  vanni.     At  first — and  then  the  Ger- 

"  What  do  you  mean  by  the  dietino-  roans  were  leasonabie,  for  they  had  in 

tionl"  asked  Louis.  their    theatrea    chieflr   the   works   of 

"What   a  qnestionl     Yonng   man,  Italian  composers  or  their  pupils — at 

can  you  be  so  ignorant !     As  Italian,  I  first,  I  say — the  thing  was  not  papular, 

complain   that  this  opera  gives  me  no  and  with  reason." 
Test;  that  I  must  be  kept  on  the  stretch        "Slopid  slanderer!"  exclaimed  Heis- 

from  beginning  to  end ;  that  I  forget  seDheimer. 

the   lingers  in  the   orcheslra ;  that  I        "  There  were  in  it  a  few  good  mnsi- 

feel  more  fear  and  horror  than  delight ;  eal  tonebes,  and  the  Germans  thought 

in  ahort,  I  complain  thai  the  devil,  in-  it  a  nity  the  work  should  be  lost.   They 

Btead  of  Don  Giovanni,  has  not  taken  fitted  on  a  skilful  theory  ;  they  found 

the  composer,  who  forces  me  to  labor,  that  Don  Giovanni  stabs  the  cummen- 

where  I  expected  only  pUature.     Bat  datore.  and  eommita  other  crimes,  and 

I  can  also  complain  aa  a  German.     Do  is  Anally  carried  off  by  the  devil :  the 

you  think  I  know  not  what  you  wish  1  thing  is  complete,  and   haa  a  capital 

Per  Baeco  I  the  misfortune  i^  tou  only  moral !    Why  should  it  not  please  I  So 

half   wish  !     An   opera   should   he   a  its  nonseoee  and  folly  are  pitased  oter. 

lahole ;    connected  from  heginoing  to  A  single  wise  head  has  seen  throngli 

end ;   each    impression   on   the    mind  it,  who  really  understands  more  of  tha 

should  be  a  stone  added  to  the  dramatic  opera  than  vour  thirty  millions  of  GeT- 

etructore,  strengthened  hy  the  mosic.  mana   besides.     This   was   your    lata 

la  it  not  so  I"  Hoffmann.     He   marked   well   where 

"  I  ahlold  think  a  reasonable  person  the  thing  halted  :  but  he  admired  tha 

would  desire  nothing  leas,"  answered  mosic,  and  put  a  good  face  on  it  for 

^ai*.  his  coontrrmen,  quieting  the  last  mnr- 

"  Well  then— have  yon  that  in  Don  mors  of  their  consciences.     How  he 

Giovanni  1"  meat  have  laughed  over  their  fond  de- 

"  Yon  will  drive  me  crazy  !"  cried  lusion  !" 
Heissenheimer  impatiently.  "  As  well  ae  I    can  gather    yoor 

"  Nay — rather    you   me — senseless  meaning,"    said    the     young    artist, 

Germans!"  returned    Rieco.     "Yon  "you  seem  to  think  there  is  a  wwit  of 

ean  devise  a  theory  that  leaves  nothing  nniiy  of  idea  in  the  action  and  ronsic 

to  be  wished.     But  place  a  work  of  of  Don  Giovanni !" 
Art  before  yoo,  yon  have  no  eyes  nor        "  I  shoold  be  blind  and  deaf  if  I 

ears — mnch  less  a  judgment.     Yoo  fit  thought  otherwise." 
on  your  theory;  do  I  her  agree  in  a       "  And  thus,  as  aGerman,  yonwonld 

few  points — well ;  the  work  is  a  master-  find  fault  with  the  work  1" 
piece,  though  it  may  differ  in  all  easen-       "  Exactly." 

tialsfrom  yooTown principles  ; thence-       "I  entreat  yon,  then,  to  diapense 

forth  yon   bttieve  Uudly,  and  each  with    yooi    oracular    ambiguity,  and 


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<tOO                                         Love  vertw  Taite.  [Deo, 

paning  by  a  few  impTobabilities  snd  serred,  if  ihe  did  not  so  ]ower  hendf 

otheT     tiifling    defects — to    show    bb  in  the  middle  of  ibe  piece.     And  here 

wbere  is   ibe  vulner&ble  heel  of  this  the   composer  is   etta  more  in   fault 

Achilles."  thin    the    poet.     The  terzetto   ia    A 

"  Hb,  maeBtro!"  cried  the  mer-  major  1  will  let  paas;  I  will  betieTo 
chant,  "  jDu  have  but  shollon  water  aha  can  forgive  her  lepentant  betrsTer, 
fot  the  war-sliip  with  which  you  mean  and  love  him  egaio.  Bat  ibe  sestettol 
to  mancEuire  tound  (his  wailed  artd  Have  you  home  in  mind  what  wicked- 
fortified  citadel  of  art!  You  will  he  ness  has  been  committed  towards  her! 
aground  presently."  1   am  an  Italian,  and    we   look   over 

"  On  the  contrary— I  will  make  you  some    things    more    easily   than   yoa 

a  breach,  so  that  the  enemy  shall  march  Germans.     But  a  Chinese,  or  a  l>arba~ 

in  with  all  his  forces."  rian,  must  revolt  al  this !     The  iruat- 

"  Triumph    not   too    soon !"    cried  ing,  confiding,  forgiving,  lorlng  EWirar 

Louis — "  for  we  ebalJ  fight  to  the  last  is   exposed  to  the  deepest  disfn^^e — 

man  in  its  defence."  the  most  crushing  insult  1     Haa  she  a 

"  Right,  mj  young  friend !"  added  epaik  of  womanTy  pride  or  Casliliait 

HelBsenbelmer ;  and  Ricoo  proceeded,  spirit  in  her  breast,  it  most  burst   into 

ader  a  digression  or  two,  from  which  a  flame  that  will  consume  the  guilly 

he  was  called  back  by  his  two  chaJ-  betrayer,  or  aveep  the  wretched  viciim 

jjengers —  to  destruction.     What  bas  she  Buffer- 

"  Is  it  not  tme,  friends,  that   in  a  ed  !     The   most   horrible   injury   that 

drama   each    principal   person   should  can   be   Inflicted  on  a  woman!     Wby 

contribute  substantially  lo  the  progress  does  she  not  snatch  a  dagger,  to  plunge 

of  the  action  1     You  assent;  well — in  it  into  the  breast  of  the  slave  who  tus. 

Don    Giovanni    there    are     five — the  been  employed  against  her — or  that  of 

Commendatore,     Gloranni,     Octavio,  the  fiend  Don  Giovanni,  the  author  oC 

Donna    Anna,    and    Elvira.     I    have  the  outrage,  or  those  who  behold  tier 

nothing  B)ialnat  the  old  man,  nor  Glo-  dishonor — or,    Luc relia- like,   into  her 

Tannl.     Your  HoSinann  has  cunningly  own  \     Go — you  Germans,  and  boast 

IBscoed  Donna  Anna  from  criticism;  of   your    passion    for    eooipleteness  1 

Octavio  may  be  considered  to  have  a  You    feel   not   where   a  work   of   art 

sort  of  right  lo  his  place.     He  is,  so  strikes  the  heart.     When  Leporello's 

to  speak,  the  earthly  boatage  for  the  mask  Is  fallen,  and  Elvira,  who  should 

elevated  Anna,  or  rather  the  stake  to  sink  back  in  despair,  or  rise  in  the  in- 

which  she  Is  bound.     Now  for  Donna  vincible   might  of  revenge,   sings   BO 

Elvira.     Many  have  felt  that  this  fifth  passionately  with  the  other  five  voices 

person  is  the  fiflh  wheel  to  the  wagon  ;  — as  if  nothing  more  had  happened  to 

and  lo  many  ways  they  have  sought  to  her    than   Zerlina, — I  feel   my   blood 

justify   het  appearance.      But   it   has  boll!     Would   our  Rossini  have  dona 

not  ancceeded.     Yoar  UoSmann  does  the  like  1     In  bis  polonaises  you  feel 

beat,  who  says  as  good  as  nothing  of  the  dolor  of  love  :  could  you  only  nn- 

her. "  decstand   the  heavenly  melodies  aa  tho- 

"  I  thought,"  observed  Lonls,  "  she  maestro  himself  conceived  them  \  The 

was  to  be  regarded   as  an   avenging  notes  are  not — indeed — but  Ae  dreamed 

goddesi ;  at  least,  so  the   ^at  com-  of  a  singer  such  as  your  wooden  Gei- 

pcwer  conceived  her,  even  if  the  poet  man  never  thought  of — a  singer,  the 

aasigned    her    a    aomewiiat    doubtful  charm  of  whose  expression  could  enoo- 

l^ace."  hie    the    most    insignificant   pasaagea 

"Excellent!"  cried  the   merchant,  into   a   moving  plaint   of  the    heart! 

"What    have    you    to   say    to    that,  Have  you  never  beard  that  the   Eog- 

Riccol"  lish  Garrlek  could  so  repeat  the  alph*- 

"  That  it  is  not  trae.  An  avenging  bet  as  to  move  his  andlence  to  teara  1 
goddess — who  whimpers  rather  thui  So  It  is  with  Rossini's  mnsic.  He 
implores  for  love,  and  at  last  would  sacrifices  himself;  he  wants  not  to 
auatch  from  iuatice  the  object  of  her  shine  ;  but  that  his  performers  shonld. 
-The   p       -■■■■-"  ■ 


revenge  ! — The    kneeling  In   the  last  But  your  German  hears  from  paper ; 

finale,  or    ante-finale   (for  you  would  and  thus  writes  tolerably.     And   yr" 

have  a  battle   also  about   this  double  trouhle  not  yourselves,  if  your  alnge 

cloae),  look*  like  revenge ! — Look  yon,  miarepreseot  the  best  yoar  master  b 

thU  Elvira  eonld  be  borne,  or  not  ob-  futnished.     The  performance  of  t 


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1B44.]  Lme  vtrnu  TiuU.  801 

sight — bat    I    ajn  apsftkin^r   only    of  then  delight  joanelf  in  the  eoni'eit — 

Don  Giovaoni.     What  bhj  you  Co  my  that  your  masters  look  to  the  vihol»  I 

criiiciam  on  Elvira  1  why  du  I  not  hear  Truly,  they  may  have  the  will,  but  tho 

leproaches  1"  Tisiun  fails  tbem,  and  they  see  no  fta- 

"  You  are  a  clever  Clitic,"  answered  ther  than   a  mole   on  the  lop  of  Mont 

Loai* ;  "  I  know  yon  are  wrung,  and  Blanc.     Your  beloved  Don  Giovanni, 

yet  1  cannot  reply  to  yonr  objeclionB."  of  which  jou  believe  that  it  came  forth 

"  Yes — quite     wrong — chapel-mas-  fully  armed  from  the  composer's  fancy, 

lar !"  added  the   merchant.     "I   will  like  Minerva  from  the  head  of  Jupiter, 

venture   you  do  not   believe   yourself  is  an  automaton,  whose  limbs  are  fast- 

what  you  aay.     Swear  that  you  do —  ened   together    with   thongs,   and   se- 

io  good  faith  ! '  cured  with   hammer  Hlrokes  ;  a  thing 

"  Ha !  ha !  ha !"  cried  Ricco  ;  "  jon  that  has  more  rents  and  sealDs  than  a 

would  have  me  swear  lo  what  I  have  clown's  jacket ;  which  too  can  cut  np 

proved!     My  good  Heisaenheimer,   I  like  an  eel,  without  Inucbing  its  heart ; — 

will  read  jou  the  riddle.     We  Italians  in  short,  as    I   have   proved,   a  thing 

■re  more  candid  than  you.     Wa  know  that  can  neither  live  nor  stand,  if  mor« 

well  what  is  wanting  in  our  operas,  is  expected  than  that  it  should  be  the 

and  have  judgment  enongh  to  under-  scafTuld  on  which  the  musician  builds 

stand    that   it    cannot    be    otherwise,  his  Illumination  of  tones." 
Where  two  make  a  work,  the  whole,        "  But,"  cried  Lonia,  "the  splendor  of 

cannot  be  cast  in  one  great  moald.     If  Ifaat   illumination   shall    light   up    the 

we  thus  discover  disproportion  betwixt  gloom  of  the  mast  distant  fulaie  !     It 

the  music  and  the  text,  it  disturbs  not  shall  remain  a  Sirius,  the  central  sun 

ODi  enjoyment.     But  the  German  will  of  stars  of  the  first  magnitude,  so  long 

smoothe  it  all  away  ;  he  rests  not  till  as  art  itself  shall  exist. 
the  faults  growing  out  of  the  nature  of       "  Aye,  and  your  torchlight,  year  wi|i- 

the  thing  are  changed  into  beauties  by  o'-the-wisp,  Roasini,  shall  be  blown  out 

some  juggling  of  the   understanding  i  by   (he    first   breath  of   time'."    said 

and  af^er  he  has  in  this  way  deceived  Ueissenheimer. 

liimaelf,  he  begins  to  enjoy.  If  I  "  Friends,"  repHed  Ricco,  "  were  it 
loved  Don  Giovanni  ever  so  much,  tbe  not  better  that  we  broke  up  our  confer- 
part  of  Elvira  would  not  disturb  me.  eneel  Our  discourse  grows  somewhat 
I  would  easily  help  myself  out  of  the  warm." 

difficulty;   I   would   have   Elvira  fall         "Yon  have  chilled  me  completely,  at 

•enselesB  on  the  discovery  of  her  error,  least,  towards  yourself,"  returned  the 

and  a  friend  of  Anoa's  supply  the  sixth  merchant.     "  But  I  cannot  believe  yon 

voice.     What  have  you  against  that  1"  in  earnest  with  vour  talk,  so  I  will 

''In   this    manner,"   replied   Louis,  drink  a  glass  with  jou.     If  I  did  not 

"  JOU  may  banish  reason  from  art  alto-  think  you  have  joked  with  us,  I  would 

getber.    1  caoDot  conceive  of  a  work  have  bad  the  wine  poisoned  for  me  in 

of  art,  which  shall  not  proceed  from  which  I  pledge  an  enemy  of  Moiart." 
the   full   consciousness   of  tbe   artist,         "  Have  I  called  myself  his  enemy  1" 

and  contain  only  beauties  designed  bj  said  the  chapel-master.     "  Who  would 

himself.     Therefore  do  I  detest  Ros-  deny  the  man  genius  1     I  charge  him 

■ini's  works,  void  of  meaning "  poly   with  a  wrong  use  of  it — and  of 

"  Void  of  meaning  1    Young  man,  do  music,  which  should  bring  tu  joy  and 

notdepieciateonr  master.     Tfainkyou,  happiness,  not  gloom  and  melancholy, 

he  was  unconscious  of  that  for  which  What  should  1  do  with  wiae  that  did 

yon  reproach  him,  and  that  he  could  not  make  me  meny  like  youi  cham- 

Dot  have  bettered  it  if  he  had  chosen  1  pagne  *" 

But  he  wished  to  lead  music  back  to         "So  merry,"  gmmbled  the  merchant, 

her  own  natural  place;  to  make  her  "that,  truly,  you  have  made  yourself 

again  a  science  for  the  ear,  and  deliver  merry  with  us.     fiat,  Louis,  why  so 

her  from   your  massive   philosophical  Ihougfalful  V 

■moke-cells  and  pedantic  fetters.    Turn        "  Pardon  me,"  answered  the  young 

nothing  but  oaunterpoint  1  screw  only  man;  "  I  am  troubled  by  what  I  cannot 

fugnes    and    canons ;   write  only  dis-  yet  make  clear  to  myself.     1   would 

(Onances,  like  your  Mozart  and  Beetho-  reply  to  the  chapel. master's  accusatioa 

Tea ;  drive  your  anarchy  ever  so  far,  against  the  psrt  of  Elvira.     His  0|n- 

nataie  will  still  be  victorious.    And  nion  is  plausible,  but  he  is  wrong  in 


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MS                                         Ltvevernu  Tattt.  [Dae. 

nfereiiBe  to  the  wock.    I  beltBTS  I  orji  "  Ocoi  oight — inoorriKible  fellow !" 

aee  »  way  to  lend  to  a  right  under-  cried  HeiBoeDheimer;  and  tben  put  it  ta 

MtDding."  the  cboice^fhityoaDg  friend,  whether 

"  We  cannot  reaofa  it  to-night,"  asid  the;   ahoold   emptj   another   flaak,  <k 

Rieco,   preparing   to   depart.     "  II    ia  take  a  walk  in   the  fresh  air.     Lonia 

midnight,  and  I  tnuat  go  home.     Some  preferred  a  walk,  for  he  waa  Boraewbat 

other  time  we  will  apeak  on  the  aub-  excited  with  the  eonTeiaatioa. 
}eot ;  and  I  will  ooarince  yoo  that  jonr 
conTietionia  incorrect.    Now,  l^re  you 
woU." 


Tbbt  walked  for  some  time  in  the  open  thoae  featnrea,  expreaure  of  a  refined 

air.     The   double  row   of  old  Kndena  soul,  be  the  index  of  a  shallow  under* 

that  ahaded  the  promenade,  rustled  in  standing  1" 

the  Bummer  breeze  ;  the  moon  shone        "  Ha,  friend  !     Haie  Nina's    bean- 

on  the  tail  buildings  ;  all  waa  silent,  aa  tiful  ej^es  shot  their  beams  bo  deep  into 

if  the  city  were  buried  in  aluraber.    Aa  your  heart  <     That  is  a  preciona  dis- 

onr  friends  paaaed  the  dwelling  of  the  corery  !"     And  the  little  man   leaped 

ehapeUmaBter,  Louis  alote  a  look  op-  furwarda,  iuU>iDghisbanda,  andehuck- 

ward  at  one  of  the  windows,  which  ha  ling  for  joy. 

Ancied  might  be  that  of  the  fair  dangh-       Loais  colored  deeply,  and  in  mnelt 

ler  of  the  heterodox  musician.     "  She  embarraaameat  explained  that  hia  eo~ 

lias  a  purer  taale,"  aaid  he  to  himaelf,  quaintanee  with  the  yoong  lady  w«s 

and  turning  to  hia  companion —  scarce  of  two  boura  standing ;  but  ths 

"  How  ia  it  poaaible  that  one  can  be  merchant  continued  his  ezpteseioDS  of 

■o  insensible  to  the  beautiful  as  this  delight    till    they    reacheo    Friedriek 

Italian  1"  Btreet,  and  then  took  hia  leave  with  « 

The  mercliant  glanced  at  the  house  wish  that  the  yoang  couple  might  be 

^Master  Ricoo,  and  replied:  "The  happy,  hamming  a  loTetune  till  ne  waa 

heathenish  churl !     Vet  there  is  some-  out  of  bearing. 

thiug  aboDt  him  that  inclines  me  to  be-        Aa   Louis  walked  toarard  his  lodg- 

lieve  he  does  not  expreas  hia  real  opi-  ings,  absorbed  in  thonght,  he  waa  atatt- 

viona.     Did  yoo   not  remark  hia  con-  led  by  the  aonnd  of  a   female  voice, 

tr*diatione1     Now  he   alaahed  at  Mo-  ainging.     In  the  stillness  of  night  the 

Bart,  now  at  the  aubject  of  the  piece ;  melcfdy  had  a  magical  eweetnCBs.     He 

ard,  afler  all,  only  complained  of  the  followed  the  aound.  retracing  hia  step*, 

r.  of  Elvira.     What  should  he  care  and   aoou   came   opposite   Uib  chapel- 

ihe  subieot,  if  be  be  redly  tncb  an  maater'a    honse.      The    muaio    oame 

admirer  of  Roeeini,  and  thinks  music  from  the  windows,  which  were  open, 

merely   a  science   for  the  earl     His  althouEh  Ihechamberflwarenotlighted. 

iDconsiatencies  were  palpable.   Depend  Though  he  lost  not  a  aingle  note,  Loais 

upon  it,  the  man  has  not  each  wretched  could  not  determine  exactly  in  which 

taste."  room  waa   the  singer.     "  It  is  ebe," 

"  But  why  should  he  speak  against  ho  cried  to  himself;  "  it  is  herself — (h« 

hia  own  convictions!"  beaotinil   girl!"    and   leaning  agunat 

"  Because  he  is  unwilling  to  confess  one  of  the  trees,'  he  insSc  io  the  ipe- 

that  hia  countrymen  are  eurpsaaed  by  lody,  never  once   remoijbg  his  vyaa 

the  Oetmans   in   compoBitiont     Only  from  the  windows.  > 

one  thing  staggered  me.    He  permits       It  was  evidently  a  ISernian  aoo^, 

hie  daughter  to  play  no  music  but  Rob-  The  voice  waa  clear  and  powerAil,  yet 

aini'a,  Mercadanie's,  Caraffa'a,  and  the  soft  and  touching ;  the  JMlody  had  a 

like."  alrmn^  mingling  of  joy  and  eorrow,  of 

"  Bat  she  sings  it  unwillingly,  anre-  anfferiug  and  repoae.     The  entaptured 

ly  1"  cried  Louis,  qoicklv.  ~  listener  could  not  dietingnish  the  worda, 

"  On  the  contrary ;  she  knowa  no-  but  the  muaie  penetratml  hia  very  sonl. 

thins  elae."  A  sigh  heaved  his  breast ;  he  eoold 

"Impossible !"  exclaimed  the  young  not  tell  if  delight  or  melancholy  was 

man.     "How  can  that  lovely  face —  the  emotion  excited;  hnt-felt,  if  that 

Ihoae  eyea — aa  doceivef    How   caa  were  aoirow,  he  wished  never  to  b^ 


oogic 


1«U.]                                         Lofl  t«rvu  TatU.  «M 

bappT !    The  Mug  at  hM  e«Hed ;  bat  him  in  dgbt,  ud  the  dBtice  <rf  tks 

KnotheT  tDOre  exqaieite,  more   deeplj  chap«l- muter  aniraidabfj  Ml  dd  him. 

moving,  be([BD.     Etch    vsne    doted  He     wu     immdQiktel;     recogniied. 

with  same  wordi  in  wbicb  leemed   t«  "  Good  rooming.  Signor  Lodib  !"  cried 

lie  a  world  of  feeling      Louis  caught  the  Italian.     "  So  earlj  abroad  %     Or 

the  words  "  DoAin,"  "  Zu  diri"  and  have  ;on  been  tip  all  Digfat."    Looie 

*t  the  cloae  diatinclly  "  JVur  A<."*     it  bowed   in    aoms    embanaaameDt,   and 

•eeroed  to  him  tike  the  voice  of  fate,  answered  that  the  liae  morning  had 

Tears  alreamed  from   his  eyes ;  once  tempted   him   to   a    walk,     "  Ri^ht '." 

again  he   heard  the  words  "  Nui  Du"  cried  the  aignor ;  "  1  also  am  taking  a 

uttered  with  a  melodious  pathoa  he  had  peep  at  the  weather,  to  see  if  it  wiEl  do 

nerer  heard  before  1  and,  with  strained  for  a  drive  in  the  counlij,  we  hare 

■ttemion,  just  aa  it  ceased,  caught  a  been  planniag  for  aome  lime.     Suppose 

gtimpse  of  a  white  figure  moving  be-  you    accompany    us  V     "  With    the 

bind  some  plants  near  the  window.     It  greatest     pleasure  !"     aniwered    the 

Ced  the  next  window;  he  listened  young    man   promptly.      "Come    in, 

I  renewal  of  the  song,  hut  ^1  was  then,   and    breakfast   with   me,"    aaid 

ailenl ;  and,  after  wailing  some  time,  Riaco ;  and  Louis  hastened  up  the  steps, 

he  tooU  his  way  hotneward.  He   found  the  cbapel-masler  in  hia 

The  earliest  beams  of  nest  morning's  mosic  room;  the  piano  stood  opea; 
son  aroused  our  friend  from  an  unquiet  Hostini's  Tancredi  lay  on  the  desk, 
atomber.  The  day  was  fine,  and  ha  Ricco  made  some  remarks  on  his  favor* 
had  man;  objects  of  attention  ;  bat  the  ite  opera ;  the  eyes  of  Loaia  wander- 
image  of  the  fair  songstress  alone  occn-  ed  resltsssly  to  the  door.  "  Yon  woa< 
pied  his  mind.  He  leaned  from  his  der,"  said  the  Italian,  lighting  his  pipe 
window,  looking  ont  on  a  garden  oppo-  again,  "  thai  my  daughter  does  not  ap- 
■ite,  and  the  scene  beyond.  A  few  pear.  All !  she  ia  a  sad  sluggard  1 
oarri^es  and  foot  passengers  were  in  Bat  I  shall  play  hei  a  trick  to-day,  we 
notion,  hot  the  buatle  of  the  day  had  will  go  off  without  hei ;  I  have  already 
not  yet  commenced.  Only  here  and  sent  for  the  carriage." 
there  the  ahotten  had  been  thrown  Theee  words  caused  no  little  cha- 
open  to  admit  the  sdd.  grin  to  our  young  artiat;  but  he  was 

Lania  temaioed  aome  time  in  deep  not  to  endure  it  long  ;  they  were  anr- 

Ibought.     At   length,   it    occurred   to  prised  hj  a  mosical  laugh,  and  iookiog 

him  that  it  was  possibla  the  object  of  op,  saw    Nina   at  the   door.     "  Your 

his  reflections  might  also  be  up,  and  scheme    has  UiWea   through,  papa !" 

inhaling  the  morning   air.     In  "h  few  cried  she.     "But  really  it  ia  true,  that 

minnies   he  was   dressed   and   in   the  liaienors  hear  no  good  of  themselrea. 

street ;  and  a  bnsk  walk  soon  brought  Yet   I  hoped,  sir,     turnins  to  Louia, 

himopposiie  the  dwelling  of  the  chapel'  "  that  you  would  have  aaid  something 

master.     The  windowa  were  open  as  in  my  defence."     She  pouted  her  pret* 

the  night  before,  but  all  was  still  and  ty  lips  in  affected  anger,  and  a  little 

motioalees.     Louia   walked   for   soma  acene    of   apologies    ensued.     "  All's 

time  under  the  trees,  back  and  forward,  well  that  ends  well,"  said  Riceo  at 

keeinng  his  eyes  fixed  on  the  boase.  length  j  "  we   will  bava   friend  Heia- 

At  length  be  discerned  a  white  dresa  aenbeimer  of  the  party ;  now,  daughter, 

moving  behind  the  plants.     In  a  trans-  let  us  to  breakfast."    Nina  led  the 

pert  of  joy  he  approached,  and  stood  wt.j  with  a  cheerful  amile. 

directly    opposite.     The    white    robe  Louis   had  now   opportunity  to   ob- 

waa  there;    the  figure    rose,   tamed  serve  the  fair  girl  whose  first  appear- 

nond,  and  looked  ont  of  the  window,  ance  had  captivated  him.     She  wore  a 

It  was  Signer   Ricco   himself,  in  hia  while   morning  dress,  with  a  colored 

B^icap  and    dressing-gown,  with  a  silk  handkerchief  tied  round  her  white, 

long  pipe   in  his  mouth  1     He  leaned  slender  throat.     Her  dark  brown  bair 

out,  aa  if  to  look  at  the  weather,  and  fell  in  ringlets  over  her  cheeks  and 

moat  have  thought  the  sky  too  clear,  neck,  contrasting  with  a  oomplexion 

by  the  cloud  of  smolce  he  sent  whirling  fresh  aa  the  spring  rose.    Beaniiful  as 

over  his  head !  she  was,  he  conld  hardly  nndeiaiand 

Odi  young  friend  ahrank  hack,  but  it  how  ao   much  fiankneas   and  playful- 

waa  too  late ;  there  was  no  one  beaidea  neaa  of  manner  conld  conaitt  with  tha 


,  Google 


W4                                         LcM  vtrsvt  TaHe.  [Dee. 

dsplb   of   feeling   epeaking:   from   hei  At  lengUi  they   left  the  high  road 

luge,  d&rk  eye«.  and  drove  through  an  arenue  bordered 

After  several  effortB    to   oTercome  with  cherry  trees,  paat  a  little  village, 

liis  diffidence,  he  said  to  her,  "  I  was  and  into  a  wood  beyond.     Oa  an  emi- 

made   very   happy  by   your  aoDg  last  nence  before  Ihem,  half  kid  by  foliage, 

night,  Mademoiselle    Nina.      I   heard  was  an  old  hunting  seat,  and  at  the  foot 

you  sing  aAer  oiidnight."  of  the  slope,  the  water,  bordered  with 

"  Impossible  !"     she    answered   in  trees  and  bushes.     Od  tbeother  sideof 

sOBiesnrpriBe;"IdidnoteJPKlasliiighl."  the  river  were  aitualed  count ry-seata. 

"  Nay — that  would  hare   been  for-  The     carriage    stopped    here ;    the 

bidden,"  said  the  faiher,grave1y,"BiQg'  friends  alighted ;  and  14ina  immadiata- 

ing  late  at  night  is  bad  for  the  voice,  ly  proposed   a  walk   or  a  sail.     The 

We  are  no  nightingales  ;  our  buainesa  walk  was  decided  upon,  as  the  aiin  waa 

is  to  sleep  o'  nights."  dow  high,  and  the  cool  shade  of  the 

"  Yon  need   not  deny  it,"  cried  the  woods    particularly    inviting.      They 

yoong  man.     "  The  tnnsio  I  beard  wandered  about  for  some  linie,  till  ^ey 

came   from   yonder   apartment,  and   I  came  to  a  knoll  shaded  by  a  large,  old 

saw — pardon  me — I  saw  a  lady  in  white  tree,  covered  with  the  eonest  moiis. 

diess  paas  the  open  window."  This  served  them  for  a  sofa ;  and  then 

"  That   could   not    have    been   my  Heiasenheimer    proposed    that    Nin« 

daughter,"  repeated  Signor  Ricco.  ahoald  give  the  nigbtingalea  a  leaaon, 

"  But,"   persisted    Louis,  "  I  conld  She  complained  of  being  boarse,  and 

not  have  been  deceived.    1  heard  the  made    twenty  capricioua  excoses,  tilt 

sweetest  soprano  voice,  and  saw  ■  fe-  Signor  Ricco  produced  his  roll  of  p*- 

male    figure,  which   approached    iha  per,  and  handed  a  leaf  to  his  daughter. 

window,  and  then  passed  tbrongh  the  "  What  is  this,  dear  fathsrT"  naked 

chamber."  the  maiden.    "A  composition  V   in- 

Nina  looked  very  Diischievons,  and  quired  the  merchant.     "Truly,"  wt- 

cried —  swered  Ricco,  "  I  have  attempted  u> 

"  Oh,  yoQ  are  a  ghost-seer  !     I  will  arrange  aomething;    it   is  a  cavatioa 

liave  nothing  to  do  with  you  '."  from  the  *  Gaxxa  Ladro,''  to  whloh  I 

And  she  began  to  sing  an  air  in  a  have  made  an  accompaniment." 
clear,  silvery  ataceaio,  making  gestures  Nina  was  delighted,  and  declared  it 
of  aversion  with  her  pretty  hand*,  was  her  favorite  piece ;  Louis  looked 
Then  the  lively  girl  ran  to  the  window,  at  her  doubtfully.  Signor  Ricco  as- 
and  exclaimed  that  the  carriage  was  signed  him  the  tenor,  and  the  base  to 
come;  threw  on  her  shawl  and  bounded  Heiasenheimer.  Louishiq>sdtadiscovei 
down  the  steps  so  a wifily,  that  Louis  by  Nloa'ssinging,  if  she  were  the  song- 
could  hardly  keep  pice  with  her.  He  stress  of  the  preceding  nigbt.  Itseem- 
aasieted  her  into  the  carriage,  and  wait-  ed  to  him  that  he  was  not  mistaken  ; 
ed  for  Signor  Ricco,  who  soon  made  but  he  coald  find  in  her  really  cbarm- 
hie  appearance  with  a  roll  of  paper.  ing  voice  not  the  least  of  that  ferror 

They  stopped  at    Heiasenheimer's  andfeeling whichhadaoencbanted  hint 

house,  to  take  their  old  friend  along,  with  tbe  mysterious  songstrese.     His 

He  was  just  op,  and  after  he  came  to  disappointment   waa  so   great  that  be 

them,  had  to  parry  a  great  deal  of  nil-  went  wrong  in  his  own  part,  aiKl  was 

lery  from  the  aroh  Nina.  otdy  recalled  by  a  sharp  look  from  tbe 

The  country  was  arrayed  in  all  the  chapel -master.  Kina  seemed  n^ieUy 
loTeliaeea  of  early  sommer.  The  inclined  to  laugh.  At  last  the  piecs 
fields  were  green  with  the  young  grain,  waa  finished,  and  they  rallied  him  s9- 
the  foliage  waa  in  its  freshest  verdure,  verely  on  hie  abetractioo.  Heiseenbeiin> 
the  morning  air  was  cool  and  balmy,  er  said  candidly  he  thought  the  aoleioB 
the  sky  cloodlees,  all  things  breathed  of  wood  a  place  as  unsuitable  for  soeh  » 
pleasure  and  beauty.  Little  was  said  melody,  aa  a  ehurch  for  a  waits  or 
by  our  friends,  who  each  in  his  own  polonaise ;  and  Ihereapon  ensued  a  re- 
way  enjoyed  the  scenes  around,  and  newal  of  the  disputeaboutRossini,  Ha* 
the  motion  through  the  fresh  air.  It  xart,  and  Mercadants.  Nina  look  m 
might  have  been  observed,  however,  decided  part  with  her  father,  who  at  ' 
that  tbe  eyes  of  Louis  rested  frequently  last  pat  an  end  to  the  discussion  by 
on  the  fair  NiQa,'and.were  withdrawn  proposing  that  they  shoold  go  wkera 
in  some  confusion  whenever  she  raised  they  could  obtain  some  Innoh. 

bmi.  hu  f»^  .     GooqIc 


Lnt  twtfu  TmU. 


Tm  ptoridence  r>f  Ninft  had  prepar-  were  not  (he  Bing«r.     HeaTCO  Icnows 

ed  for  them  a  little  earprise — a  table  howl  could  be  mistalisn ;  butlseeeack 

■pread    nuh    refteBbnieDtB,  under    a  nmst  havs  been  the  caee." 

seighboTing     tree.      Thej   talked    of  "  Then,"  replied  the  ouiideD, "  blaoM 

Olher  matlera  besides  muaic,  and  Lonia  not  me  ;  1  am  innocent;  I  hope  ain- 

recoTered  apirils  enongh  to  enter  on  eerelyjoa  will  soon  find  out  your  myi- 

a  litety  oonTeriation  with  the  johtie  terioua  ainger,  who  eeeana  to  hare  m 

lad;  about  the  climates  of  Germanj  and  oaptiTated  you.     Be  not  unkind,  meaa- 

Italy.     While  the  elder  gueata  were  while,  to  me,  becaoae  you  did  not  liks 

deep  in  their  diacourae,  she  piopoaed  &  roy  aong;  1  have  a  faTor  to  beg  ;  take 

walk  down  to  the  water.  me  out  on  the  water ;  yonder  ia  a  boat. 

The  day  was  delicious ;  the  bine.  The  ahade  of  the  treee  on  the  baak 
elear  waien  reSscted  the  aunahine,  will  protect  na  from  the  heat." 
and  the  foliage  on  their  bank.  An  She  spoke  with  so  msch  gentleneaa 
avenne  of  chestDut  and  linden  trees  and  eweetoeas  that  Louis  fell  his  grow- 
fbllawed  the  windings  of  the  river,  ing  coldness  melt  away.  He  hastened 
Nina  atood  os  Ihe  bank,  smiling  aa  she  to  posh  off  the  boat,  took  up  the  oara, 
looked  on  the  loTely  soene ;  Lonis  Mraa  and  gave  Nina  his  hand  to  help  her  in. 
besidehar,  but  a  strange  conflict  agitat-  She  leaped  in  gracefully  and  seated 
ed  hia  loBom.  Her  eridently  auperfi-  herself  apposite  him.  The  boat  aooa 
eial  apprehension  of  art,  of  that  which  glided  swifiEy  over  the  smooth  watera  : 
fenned  the  great  object  of  his  life,  die-  Louis  looking  straight  forward,  or  at 
appointed  him  so  deeply,  that  his  re-  his  fair  companion's  shadow  on  iha 
gatd  fur  her  teemed  nipped  in  the  water ;  for  a  feeling  he  could  not  ex- 
bud,  plain,   prerenled  him  from  looking,  at 

After  a  long  silence,  he  ventured  on  herself, 

the  qneaiion  that  oppressed  his  heart.  They  went  en  for  half  an  hour  with- 


e  alone;"  he  said  to  her  in  an    out  speaking.     The  boat  now  glided 
tone  of  entreaty  ;   "  tell   me,    into  a  small  inlet,  shaded  by  the  fuliage 
was  it  yon  who  auig  last  night }     1  be-    on  high  banks.     "  Let  ua  slop  aivbfla 


Beech  yon  answer  me  truly."  here,"  said  Nina  ;  and   Lonis  took  Dp 

Nina  looked  at  him,  and  burst  into  a  his  oars.     The  young  girl  laid  asida 

mischievous  laugh.     "  So,"  abe  cried,  her  straw  hat,  pushed  her  ringlets  from 

"  jou  are  atill  haunted  by  the  unknown  her  fair  brow,  and  looked  on  the  sweet 

singer  *        A    strange    adventure — in  picture  with  an  expression  of  delight. 

troth,  you  most  have  heard  a  witch  1  Behind  the    wooded    shore  rose  ih« 

Now  1   understand  why   yoa  did  not  walls  of    the  ancient-looking  hanting 

pruise  my  singing  jnst  now  1     And  our  easlle,      embosomed     in     picturesque 

poor     inuncent    countryman,    Rossini,  woods.     The  inlet  was  in  deep  shadow, 

muat  suffer  for  it  [     Ayoungman  hean  which   conliasted   with   the  gleam   of 

a  ainger  at  midnight,  and  faooiea  her  snnshine  on  the  waves  beyond ;  and  the 

perfection ;    oeit   day   I   sing   ut   air  light  flashed  like  jewels  in  the  foliage 

which  does  not  please  him,  beeanse  I  above.     The  eof^  air,  the  refreahing 

have  not  that  good  fortune!     1  thank  coolnessof  the  shade,  and  the  fragrance 

you, air,  foryourflalteringcoafeasion  !"  of  flowersthsllilledthewood, completed 

and  she  made  him  smocking  courtesy.  the  effeetufthischarmingeeene.     The 

"  But   tell  me,  I  eonjare  yon,"  per-  heart  of  our  young  artist  was  full.    Ha 

aisted  Louis,  "  was  it  not  yon — "  looked  at  Nina ;  her  head  was  drooped 

"Hold:"  cried  Nina;  "not  so  ao-  slightly  ;  bat  as  she  raised   it  with  a 

lemn.     I  think  if  I  SdV  yea,  I  can  win  audden  motion,  he  saw  that  tears  were 

JOU  for  an  admirer  of  Kussini ;   so  I  in  her  eyes.     "  Vou  weep  l"   said  he, 

will  say,  yea!     I  am  a  sort  of  siren,  takingherhand  aympathizingly.  "No," 

air,  wbn  entices  young  artists  by  her  she  answered  softly,  and  with  a  smile. 

Bong  to  worship  Roaaioi  even  agaiasi  "  but  there  is  so  maoh  beauty  here  1" 

their  will."  After   a   moment    she    withdrew    bet 

*'  Nay,  then,"  answered  tbB   young  hand  ;  but  not  befiire  a  light  presaare 

man,  "  last  night's  song  waa  not  aueb  had  reaponded  to  the  expression  of  her 

an  one.    Now  I  really  believe  yon  feelings.     So  passed  some  minuies,  till   /-  ~- 


Google 


•06                                     LoBt  (WMu  Tom.  [Dee- 

leoOTcring  her  Tivacity,  «he  Boddenl^  heart   ch«rtned   him,   while  her  nttoz 

SEcl timed-:—"  Mercy  !    how  late   it  is  waot  of  iympathy  with  ail  hia  taatea 

growing !     We  must  make  haste  back,  and  pnrauila,  waa  a  perpetasl  vexaliaa 

or  my  father  will  be  uneaay '."  ta  him.    She  seemed  to  regard  mam 

They  were  shortly  at  the  laudiag-  only  a*  a  science  of  BonDd«,aDd  "ta  bo 

Elace  again  ;  but  fouoij  the  old  peopla  ioaeosible  to  ita  life  and  power ;  and  all 

ad  suffered  no  uneasiness  on  their  ac-  his  enthusiasm  coQid  vblaia  nothing  lo- 

ooont.    Both  Ricco  and  his  friend  wore  tpottsiTo  from   her.     Louis  contd  not 

leaoiog  against  the  trees,  fast  asleep,  help  Ihiolcing  her,  with  all  her   loveli- 

Nina  awoke  the  merchant  with  a  mis-  ness,  a  frivolous  and   soulless   being. 

ehie*oQs  tickling-  of  his  red  Qoes,  and  Notwitbatanding,  whea  under  the  spell 

he  started  np  from  a  droam  of  oiches-  of  her  piesenoe,  he  could  not  eseapa 

traa  and  Tiolins.     AAer  a  walk  in  the  from   its   fascination.     This  ineessaat 

castle  garden,  they  returned  to  their  strife  of  feeling  eaoaed  himreal  sufiei- 

oarriage,  and  drove  bock  to  the  city.  ing. 

Tbe  neit  night  saw  Loo  is  walking  OnecTening  the  oonverBationchaDfi' 

for  tiro  hours  in  front  of  the  chapel-  ed    to   turn   again    on   Don    GioTan- 

BMSter's   bouse,   in  hopes   of  hearing  ni,  and   the   chapel-maater   eipreaaad 

again  the  mysterions  singer.     But  all  opinions  as  strange  as  before,  in  the 

remained   ailent,  and  he  returned  dis-  same ironicsl  manner.    Ninaweot  area 

appointed  to  his  lodgings.  further;  she  abased  tbe  music  altogetb* 

As  soon  as  he  thought  it  proper,  he  er,  which  she  thought  too  grave  knd 
paid  a  visit  10  SigDOi  Ricco.  On  the  tragic,  and  particularly  the  airs  oi 
steps  he  met  Nina,  going  to  visit  a  Anna  and  Elvira;  completieg  tbe  hoi- 
liiead.  Af^sr  replying  to  hit  polite  in-  rur  of  poor  Louis,  by  declsfiog  aba 
qoiry,  how  she  had  been  since  the  ex-  would  rather  sing  anything  from  Ros- 
oorsion  into  the  country,  she  had  al-  sini,  and  that  the  opera  might  be  m«da 
jes^y  left  him,  when  she  suddenly  turn-  tolerable,  if  only  Rossini  would  cool- 
ed back,  saying,  "  white  I  think  of  it,  pose  all  the  music  anew  1  That  was 
I  have  found  out  your  wonderful  singer ;  too  much !  The  artist  Teatnted  no  re- 
but I  cannot  approve  of  your  taste  !"  ply ;  but  scon  after  took  his  leave  ab- 
A  flush  rushed  to  the  brow  of  the  ruptly — not  even  bearing,  as  he  rusbed 
young  artist.  "And  who  ia  she  V  he  fromthe  door, the  playfiil  "good  nig^" 
oried,  eagerly.  "  Oh,  air,"  answered  of  the  pretty  maiden. 
Nina,  "  I  can  keep  a  secret,  1  aaaure  On  his  way  home  Louts  met  hia  old 
you."  friend,  Heissenheimer,  who  remarkod 

"  I  entreat  yon!"  cried  Lonis,eatcb-  bis  ill-humor,  and  drew  from  him  & 

iof  her  hand.     She  drew  it  away — and  confession  of  his  troable.     The  mer- 

with  mock  gravity  replied,  "  do  yoa  chant,  enthusiastio  as  he  waa  in  nto- 

tfaink  I  have  so  tittle  of  tbe  vanity  of  sic,    gravely    lemenstraled    with    his 

an  artist  as  to  favor  so   dangeroos  a  young  friend  foe  indulging  such  largs 

rival  < — one,  the  mention  of  whom  so  expectations  on  tbe  score    of    taste, 

agitates   yon  t      No,    sir,   yon    learn  Louis  moarnfully  insisted,  that  it  was 

IMthiDg  from  me ;  arid  no  one  else  can  not  so  much  want  of  taste  he  cam^aia- 

put  yoQ  on  the  right  track  !"     With  ed  of,  as  an  ahsenea  of  trae  refinement 

this  she  walked  away,  leaving   Louis  of  leeling  and  mind.     Tbe  iranI  of  Ra 

embarrassed  and  disappointed.   He  had  ear  was  a  defect  of  natnrn;  bat  NIik 

to  betake  himself  to  ber  father,  who  bad  a  fine  ear,  and  the  highest  mosi- 

received   bim  kindly,  and  invited  him  eal   cultivation;   hers   was  a  waat  of 

soon  to  repeat  his  visit,  snd  join  them  soul.     Hi  wb«  codld  hot  tFpaBHeito 

at  their  family  concerts.  thi   HEkunnii.,  hu>  iro  HiaaT  n>K 

Our  artist  was  fain  to  avail  himself  -ram  aouD.     "She  is  lost  to  roe !"  was 

of  this  invitation,  and   became  a  fie-  his  final  exclamation,  nttered  in  such 

qoent  visitor.     He  was  eonacioas  of  a  anguish   of  spirit,  that  Hcissenheim^ 

strong  partiality  for  Nina,  which  she  knew  not  how  to  console  hiss, 

did  not,  however,  seem  to  return  i  at  They  had  walked  for  soma    tiuMt 

least  she  treated  bim  with  a  degree   of  without  giving  heed  to  the  direction  in 

caprice  which  he  could  not  help  fear-  which   they  went,  and  almost,  unox- 

ing   proceeded   from  levity  of   mind,  pectedly,  fonnd   themselves  r)ear1y  op- 

Funfal  was  the  straggle  in  bis  bresst ;  poaite  this  honse  of  Signer  Ricco.     It 

hei  beauty,  frankness,  and  goodness  of  waa  late, and  theatreat  waaqnito  ~''"~ 


"ISoogle 


leU.]  LnM  vtrtv*  Tatle.  Wl 

bgt  low  inutteruin  of  tbondeT,  at  &  time,  with  the  rolling    tbander,   thkt 

distance,  «nd   fliMes   of  lighlntDg  at  cams   nearer  eTerj  moroeot.     Bat   it 

Inlaivalai    foietold     an     tpproacliiiig  aeemed  sweeter  fruin  the  coniraat. 
■torm.  Meanwhile  ibe  clonda  were  gaihei> 

All  at  once  the  sofleet  tad  awesteat  ing  (hicklj  oTerhead.      Large    drop* 

melody  roae  oa  the  silence  of  night,  fell,  and  the   wind    nithed    boaraely 

Louis  started,  and  grasped  hia  friend's  through  the  Ireea.     Preaently  a  virid 

arm;  Heisseoheimer cried,  in  surprise,  flash  clove  the   darkneaa,  making  Uie 

"  Who  is  singing  t    It  cannot  be  Kina;  whole   street  light  as  day,  and   half* 

aifd  it  seems  to  come  from  that  house  !"  blinding  our  two   friends;  it  was  fol- 

"  No,  ii  is  not  Nina !"  answered  Louis ;  lowed  by  a  (lemendous  crash  of  thun- 

"  I  once  thought  it  waal"  der,  and  then  the  lain  came  down  in 

"  Der  Tenfel !"  cried  the  merchant ; 
'tis  time  ne  were  gone '.  Come,  w« 
"  For  two  moDtha  I  hare  longed  to  shall  find  shelter  in  the  cafi  royal!" 
know,"  cried  the  artist,  much  affected.  And  seizing  Louis  by  the  arm,  h« 
"and  DOW  I  wiU  know  !  Aer  alone  will  dragged  him  away.  Both  ran  dowa 
I  lore,  whose  soul  breathes  in  that  the  promenade  to  the  cafe,  from  the 
indows  of  which  shone  a  welcome 
ght.  "Never  mind,"  said  HeiaseD- 
comes  like  an  air  from  heavea  !"  and  heimer,  as  they  entered,  "  such  a  sods 
leaning  against  the  iron  railing,  he  lis-  was  worth  a  drenching.  Let  us  drinx 
tended,  white  Louis  drank  in  the  deli-  the  singer's  health." 
cious  sounds  wiih  paasioDale  delight,  Ii  is  needless  torecord  alt  ihat  wae 
standing  motionless,  with  folded  arma,  said  between  (he  friends,  oq  this  occa- 
tears  chasing  each  other  down  his  sion  :  the  reault  was  an  appointment  la 
cheeka.  dine  together  next  day  :  and  meanwhile, 

The  fall,  rich  tones,  were  accompa-    Heissenheinier  pledged  himself  to  do 
nied  on  the  piano;  and  strangely  did  the    his  utmost  to  uniaTeltbe  mystery, 
esquisite  melody  bleod,  from  time  to 


vhispered 


So  deeply  had  the  heart  of  our  artist       "  1  know  not,"  replied  Louis ;  "  per- 

been  impressed  by  the  Docturnal  mn-  baps  the  Couniess,  who  lodges  ojtt 

sic,  that  he  thought  no'  more  of  Nina,  the  chapel-masler  1" 

bnt  only  of  the  mysterioas  sougslress.         "  No." 

He  waited,  with  the  utmost  impatience,        "Or    Nina's    friend,   MademoiaallA 

for  the  appointed  hour,  next  day.     His  Louise  V 

first  question,  on  meeting  the  merchant,        "  No." 

was,  "  Have  you  discovered  the  sing-        "  Or  the  Italian  dancer,  who  comes 

er  1"     Heissenheimer  put   on  an   im-  there  sometimes — what  ia  her  nams — 

puTlant  face,  snd  began  to  talk  mean-  Donna  Cerconil" 

mgly  of  the  fdly  of  being  too  curious,       *'  No ! — you   do  not  go   on.     See 

and  the  wisdom  of  Providence  in  con-  now,  how  pure  is  your  love  for  Art! 

cealing  some   things   from  us.     From  you  have  guessed  only  those  who  have 

all  this  Louis  divined  that  hia  friend  had  beauty  of  person !" 

penetrated  the  aeniel,  but  was  deter-        "  Mock  me  no  longer !"    cried   the 

mined  not  to  impart  hia  knowledge.  young  man:  "  what  pleasure  is  ittoyos 

Heissen heimer    began     to    quote  to  torment  me  I" 
Faust;  his  friend  reminded  him  if  hia        "Well,  then,  yoo  shall  know;  bat 

pledge  lo  disclose  what  he  could  find  first,  a  question — have  you  never  ob- 

out.     "  Well,  then,"  tephed  the  mer-  served  a  female  m  tho  house  of  old 

chant,  "  you  shsll  guess  who  she  is  1"  ^  Riccol" 

"  I  conjure  yon,  keep  me  no  longer       "  Never." 
a  suspense."  "  Strange — and  yet  yoa  hare  sees 

"  I  may  not  name  her ;    but  this  her  frequently." 

"Google 


Clainly,  Ihe  young  artist  so  deeply  in 

ive  with  muaic,  has  eyes  onl?  for  b  i 

preitydaiBseit  She  of  whom  I  speak,  why  she  bas  concealed  her  pr^eioM 

u  neither  handsome  nor  yoan^.     In  g\fi — why  she  aubmiis  to  dependmeo, 

short,  it  is  no  other  than  ths  girl  who  when  she  mig-ht  placo  herself  in  a  high- 

perrormstheserTieeaorniaid  to  Nina."  er  sphere!" 

"  Impossible  I  you  are  joking  !"  "  My  friend,"  retorned  the  merchant, 
"l3m  in  earnest."  "1  feel  it  would  be-  a  breach  of  fahh 
"  Bat  how  could  a  person  in  snch  a  to  repeat  her  story,  merely  to  gratify 
station,  acquire  snch  perfection  in  an  curiosity.  Yoo  scarce  reineiiibereil 
art,  which,  if  she  chose  to  exercise  it,  her  existence — how  can  you  be  inte- 
could  place  her  above  dependence  1  realed  in  her  1" 
No — jou  are  in  Jest !"  "  Indeed,"  protested  the  yonng  man, 
"  Your  incredulitv  is  but  natural,  "  I  have  often  noticed  her  quiet,  modest 
considering  the  ideal  you  have  formed  manners,  and  interesting  countenance. 
of  your  singer.  But  let  me  tell  you  I  woald  do  anything  to  befriend  her." 
how  I  made  mjr  discoTeiy.  T  went  at  The  merchant  smiled  at  this  late  di»< 
nine  this  mommg  to  the  Slgnor's,  en-  covery  of  her  merit,  and  loolfed  very 
tered  nlthout  ringing,  and  passed  qui-  mischievous.  At  last,  he  said — ''1 
etiy  through  the  hall,  for  my  object  was  will  then  communicate  to  you  all  i 
to  surprise  him.  I  heard  nothing  in  know — provided  yon  will  promise  to- 
his  apartment,  and  his  daughter's;  but  tence — particularly  to  the  cbapel^maS' 
musical  sounds  came  from  a  distance,  ter  and  his  daughter," 
1  followed  them  into  a  corridor  at  the  "  Caroline  is  the  danghter  of  a  poor 
end  of  the  halt,  and  soon  found  they  musician,  who  lived  in  a  remote  vil- 
eame  from  a  room  above.  1  went  np  a  lage.  He  was  reduced  to  poverty  by 
narrow  flight  of  stairs,  listened,  and  as-  the  war,  and  suffered  from  a  long  ill- 
certained  that  it  was  really  the  singer  ness  brought  upon  him  by  the  rough 
of  last  night.  I  held  my  breath  ;  the  usage  of  the  soldiers.  ]o  the  time  of 
roice  was  suppressed,  but  it  had  the  his  greatest  need,  Ricco  and  his  dangli- 
same  fervor  and  depth  of  feeling ;  I  ter,  being  on  a  journey,  happened  to 
coutd  even  distinguish  the  words  that  pass  through  the  villsge.  The  chapel- 
closed  the  song — 'Nur  Du.'  "  master  was  detained  by  indispoeilioa 

"  It  is  the  same  1"  cried  Louis,  pas-  and  to  amuse  himself,  wrote  off  the 

■innately,  "I  have  heard  that  song — "  parts  of  an  opera  he  had  composed. 

"  Let  me  go  on.     I  could  not  with-  As  he  required  help  in  the  work,  b4 

Stand  the  impclse  of  curiosity ;  I  peep-  inquired  of  the  landlord  of  the  meka 

ed  through  the  key-hote — I  confess  it  inn  at  which    they  lodged,  who  be- 

— h,n  could  see  only  the  bust  of  a  fe-  thought  himself  directly  of  Caroline*B 

ma'e  fignie,  which,   however,  I   saw  father.     But  on  account  of  his  illness, 

could  not  belong  to  Nina.    I  then  de-  the  poor  man  would  have  to  do  the 

termjned  to   open  the  door  suddenly,  work  at  home.     Ricco  sent  Nina,  then 

and  to  pretend  1  was  insearch  of  some  a  girl  of  fourteen,  to  his   house;  sfie 

one.     This   I   did  ;    the  figure  turned  found  him  in  the  utmost  poverty,  with 

TOund  qnickly,  and  I  recognized  Caro-  do  one  but  his  daughter,  who  worked 

line,  the  maid.     She  blushed  deeply,  to  supply   his  wants.     The   sick  nika 

knd  seemed  much  confused;  at  last  she  eagerly  undertouk  the  task  required; 

asked — 'you  wish  to  see  Signer  Ricco,  but   his   over-exertion    bruughl    on    a 

Sirl'Heis  in  his  chamber.'     I  reco-  nervous  fever,  of  which  he  died  ink 

vered    my    self-possessiuD     at    these  tew  days.     During  tlie  time,  Nina  and 

words,  and  told   her   sll :  bow   I    had  her  father  gave  the  poor  old   man  all 

heard  the  music,  looked  through   the  the  assistance  he  needed — they   have 

key-hole,  and  finaJlj  opened  the  door  to  both     excellent     hearts ! — and    Rioca 

surprise  her.     I   then  begged  her  to  promised  to  take  care  of  hie  daughter, 

sing  again,  and  to  inform  me  how  and  The  day  of  her  father's  death,  Caro- 

where  she  had  acquired  that  exquisite  line  had  gene  some  miles  for  a  phyat- 

eultivatinn  of  her  rare  mnsical  talents,  oian ;  all  was  over  when  she  returned. 

She  refused  to   sing;   but  after  some  but   her  father  had  left  her  a   letter, 

hesitation,  told  me  her  story.  Enough ;  whioh  she  showed  me  with  many  tears, 

you  know  who  is  yont  singer:  let  as  She  accompanied  Ricco  and  his  datigh- 

ga  lo  diaaer."  lar  to  Berlin,  and  now  occupies  a  als^  ^-i  ^  t  Ir» 


1S44.]  Loot  vertu*  Tatte.  609 

lion  in  faia  house,  between  maid  and    wae  conscioua,  not  of  love,  bat  of  & 
honse-keepcT.     Nowjou  know  all."       fraieroal  interest  in  her. 
"But  the  letter  V  He  went    to  the  chapel-masteT's ; 

"  Trae  1 — it  wonld  have  touched  Nina  received  him  with  even  more  than 
fon  to  see  the  tOeeiion  it  breathed ;  naual  cnrdialit;  and  cheerfulnesa,  and 
and  the  atrle  waa  that  of  an  educated  seemed  to  hare  quite  forgotten  theii 
peraoD.  Besides  the  counoels  of  an  af-  late  miaonderBtanding.  Louia  was  ab- 
iectionatQ  falber,  with  regard  to  her  fu-  sent  and  thoughtful,  and  eien  forgot  to 
tare  life,  he  gave  her  sensible  advice  ask  after  Ricco,  who  did  not  appear, 
about  music;  alluded  to  her  rare  voice,  and  who,  his  daughter  at  length  said, 
and  the  cultivation  which,  to  the  best  had  gone  to  a  concert  at  the  ambasaa- 
of  his  ability,  he  had  bestowed  ;  with  a  dor's.  How  much  would  he  once  hare 
delicate  reference  to  the  shocks  to  given  for  mich  an  apportnnityoft£te-it- 
which'faer  reSned  taste  in  music  might  t^le  conversation  !  Aa  there  aeenied 
be  exposed  in  her  new  situation.  Art,  to  be  some  conatraint,  Nina  piopoaed 
he  aaid,  was  a  revelation  from  God ;  that  he  should  accompany  her  in  sorae 
and  he  entreated  her  not  to  diaplsy  to  new  airs.  They  began  with  Mozart's 
vulgar  eyes,  the  jewel  she  possessed  !  great  duet  between  Anna  and  Octavio, 
Keepit,  he  said,  like  a  secret  treasure;  from  Don  Giovanni.  She  sang  with 
it  may  yield  yon  happiness  when  all  readiness,  but  without  that  fire  of  in- 
othet   sources  are  withheld,   like  the    epitation,   that    loving   aorrow,  which  ^ 

hidden  fountain  to  the  piigrim  in  the  breathe  in  every  note.  Then  they  sang 
desert!  And  she  obeyed  his  counsela  a  duet  from  Belmont  and  Constance; 
in  her  prudence.  If  6he  has  erred,  it  this  also  Nina  performed  with  ease,  but 
has  been  in  the  sincerity  of  a  pure  and  in  as  soulless  a  manner  as  the  lirat. 
loving  heart !"  Louis  \tent  on  with  a  species  of  despe- 

To  this  relation,  Louis  listened  with  ration,  and  began  with  a  duet  from  Fi- 
the  deepest  emotion.     He  felt  that  the    deiio  ;  the  young  lady  smiled,  as  if  she  I 

desolate  orphan  conid  not  be  happy  in  were  commending  her  own  patience, 
the  hoaae  of  the  good-natored,  but  and  sang  with  such  catelees  vivacity, 
frivolous  Italians.  He  half  formed  a  that  her  guest's  vexation  was  complete. 
resolution  in  his  own  mind,  but  said  With  a  displeasure  he  could  scarcely 
nothing.  During  dinner  little  was  conceal,  he  asked,  "  Had  we  not  better 
said,  Hcissenheimer  leading  the  con-  sing  a  duet  from  Blanginil" 
Teraation  to  indifferent  subjects.  When  "Oh, yes!"  cried  Nina,  apparently 
the  cloth  was  remuved,  he  said  to  his  delighted,  "  we  will  have  my  favorite, 
^oung  friend — "  I  see  this  matter  has    '  Fra  valiifra  boschi  P  "     And  spring-  . 

jmpresaed   you   as   deeply  as  myself,     ing  up,  she  sought  fur  it  in  a  pile  of  | 

But  whatever  may  happen,  promise  me    music.  '! 

to  take  no  step  with  regard  either  to         Louis  struck  his  head  with  his  hand,  i 

Caroline,  or  her  young  mistreas,  with-  and  looked  fixedly  on  the  keys  of  tbo 
out  first  coneoUing  me,"  This  was  piano;  he  could  have  shed  tears,  but 
readily  promised.  anger  restrained  him.     Nina  had  found 

The  evening  came,  and  the  hour  for  the  notes,  and  stood  looking  at  him  for 
his  customary  visit  to  Signer  Ricco.  some  time.  At  last  she  said  gently — 
Louis,  as  be  went,  was  far  from  being  "  No  ;  it  ia  belter  we  should  not  sing; 
-at  his  ease.  He  knew  nnl,  in  the  first  I  see  you  do  it  unwillingly.  Before 
place,  how  he  would  be  received  by  you  get  into  such  a  passion  as  last 
Nina,  after  hla  abrupt  departure  the  night,  let  us  shut  the  piano,  and  go  up 
preceding  night ;  nur  was  he  satisfied  stairs  to  tea.  I  have  done  my  best  to 
-what  course  he  should  himself  pursue,  entertain  you  lo-night,  but  1  see  it  is 
All  thoughts  of  becoming  the  fair  girl's  in  vain  ;  you  are  itissalisfied  with  me  I" 
lover,  he  had  of  course  abandoned.  Her  tone  showed  mortification  ;  it 
His  passion  had  grown  at  first  out  of  moved  our  artist  deeply,  and  he  woald 
the  belief  that  she  was  what  a  aubse-  have  replied  by  a  confession  of  his 
qnent  acquaintance  had  proved  her  not  feelings,  hut  was  restrained  by  the 
to  be.  His  feelings  towards  Caroijne,  thought  that  he  might  find  Carolme  in 
he  could  not  define.  He  felt  the  warm-  the  tea-room,  where  she  often  sat 
est  aympsihy  for  her  roisfortunetr,  and  with  her  work.  He  only  answered, 
a  deep  admiration  of  ber  talents ;  her    **  Yes,  it  is  belter ;  I  wonld  rather  hear  ^  ~-  j 

gentle  manners  touched  him,  and  he    do  more  after  that  last  duet."  ^OOQIC 

TOt.   XT. NO.   LZXVIII.  41  O 


«1«  Lovt  t!erf 

The;  went  op  eUirs :  CiroUne  was 
indeed  there  :  lie  observed  her  atlen- 
tively ;  she  seemed  conEciauB  of  his 
looks,  and  anxiotia  to  avoid  Ehera.  Slie 
went  to  prep&re  tlia  tea;  Louis  con- 
gr&lulaled  himscir  on  the  superior  dis- 
cernmenl  lliat  enabled  him  to  diBcover 
in  ber  pltiin,  and  at  (irst  sight  inex- 
pressive features,  the  traee  of  that 
nobiiily  of  soul  her  singing  had  rereal- 
ed.  What  speaking  earnestness  dwelt, 
doubtless,  in  those  downcast  ejes '. 
Hia  delight  was  that  of  the  discoverer 
of  a  new  land,  ^Manding  in  unknown 
Iteasures.  Me  lejoiced  in  the  thought 
of  offeriog  her  hia  hand,  and  elevating 
her  to  the  sphere  she  vac  so  well  fitted 
10  adnin.  As  she  Tetuined  with  the 
tea,  ho  could  not  help  fancying,  from 
W  apparent  avoidince  of  his  glances, 
that  she  was  aware  of  hia  interest  in 
her. 

Nina  did  not  complain  of  hia  sbctrac- 
tton  i  bat  did  her  part  in  the  conversa- 
tion  with  aonineh  grace  and  sneeineas, 
Ihal  the  artist  involunlarily  aighed,  ro- 
grettiog  that  a  form  ao  lovely  contuned 
no  aoal.  Ii  cost  him  a  severe  pang  to 
give  her  up  for  ever. 

Some  time  had  passed  in  their  mono- 
Bjllabio  discourse,  when  Nina  suddenly 
started  up,  having  forgotten  to  order 
lights,  aud  quitted  the  room.  Xiouis 
walked  to  the  open  window.  His  at- 
tention was  an  instant  after  arrested ; 
he  heard  the  voice  of  his  unseen  aong- 
stresa.     The  Bounda  came  from  Ricco's 


1  ToMle. 


{Dae. 


through  the  room  into  another,  which 
adjoined  the  music  room.  There,  in 
darkness — for  the  blinds  were  closed-^ 
he  drank  in  the  rich  melody.  Carolim 
was  singing  the  aii  from  Moaart's  Ma- 
gic Flule— 


She  sang  in  an  under-tone ;  bnt  this- 
Tery  euppreasion  of  lier  voice  levealed 
ao  much,  lliat  our  artist  was  deeply 
moved.  He  could  no  longer  coDiaio 
his  emotion.  Gently  be  opened  the 
door  of  the  room  where  she  tax  sing- 
ing in  darkness  :  and  as  the  song  ended, 
he  threw  himself  at  her  feet,  seized  her 
hand,  and  pressed  it  to  his  burning  lips. 
She  sprang  from  the  piano,  terrified, 
snatched  her  hand  away,  and  himied 
out  of  the  room. 

Louis  stood  confused  for  a  moment, 
then  walked  up  and  down  the  apanmevt 
filled  with  erootiona  of  delight.  Then 
he  scaled  himself  al  ih<!  piano,  aod 
poured  forth  the  feelings  of  his  heart  in 
music.  Just  at  the  height  of  his  rap- 
ture tho  hall-door  opened,  and  preeentlj 
a  iuud  voice  cried,  "  No  oiore  of  that ; 
you  play  dissonances  !  Away  with 
Tour  Moiartish  siufT!"  It  was  Ricco. 
The  artist  rose,  and  saluted  him  with 
some  embarrassment. 

"  What  is  the  meaning  of  this  Egyp- 
tian darkness!"  cried  the  Italian ;  "  and 
why  are  you  playing  here  all  alone  V 
Ho  pushed  open  the  doors,  and  the 
iicht  shone  in  from  the  tea-room,  where 
Nina  was  seated. 


L&TB  as  it  was,  Louis  hastened  to  his 
friend  lleissenheimer,  and  told  him  all 
that  had  occurred. 

"  You  do  injustice  to  my  fair  friend 
Nina,"  said  the  merchant  i  "  she  has 
kindness  of  heart,  feeling,  and" — 

"  No  more  of  her !"  interrupted  the 
artist :  "  I  have  made  ap  my  mind  what 
to  do,  and  am  determined  to  offer  my 
hand  to  Caroline  !" 

"  Well,"  said  hie  old  friend,  "  then  I 
will  eay  no  more.  But  the  how,  and 
when  1  You  had  better  do  it  in  writ- 
ing ;  for  you  cannot  easily  find  an  op- 
rrtunity  of  speaking  alone  with  her. 
will  be  the  bearer  of  jour  letter — 
ytyat  potlillon  d'amour." 


Louis  agreed  with  joy,  and  promiMd 
to  bring  tho  letter  next  morning. 

After  he  had  returned  boms,  he 
considered  ihe  step  he  was  about  to 
take ;  and  asked  himself  earnestly,  if 
he  believed  a  noble  apprehension  and 
feeling  for  a  noble  art,  a  suffieimt 
pledge/ur  nobility  and  purity  ofxovtf 
He  thought  of  instances  in  which  the 
highest  taste  in  art  had  seemed  to  be 
accompanied  by  a  mean  and  unworlhj 
spirit ;  but  further  attention  convinced 
him  that  in  all  tliese  cases  the  taste  had 
been  perverted  or  vitiated,  or  elee  the 
worlds  judgment  had  mistaken  tlw 
character  of  the  individuals. 

After  some  KfleclioD,  I 


^ogIc 


leii] 


»  Ttule. 


611 


leltet  containing  a  rortnal  oflcr  of  hia 
hand  to  Caroline.  He  conftescd  his 
former  partiality  for  Nina,  and  that  his 
afTection  had  been  won  1^  the  feeling 
sod  aoul  e»inced  in  her  Kinging.  On 
that  Becurity  for  mind  and  heart  lie  traa 
willing  to  rest  (he  happiness  or  his  life'. 

The  letter  waa  given  next  morning 
to  Heissenheimer,  who  promised  to 
deliTer  it.  About  noon,  the  impatient 
artiat  called  again  on  the  merchant, 
who  had  left  for  him  the  following  nole: 
"  Seab  Louia : 

"  Vour  letter  was  delivered ;  but  I  have 
no  Btiswer  for  you,  foe  I  could  only  slip  it 
into  CaroliDe'a  hand,  ber  mietress  being 
present.  Biccoand  his  daughter  are  gone 
into  the  country.  They  sent  lo  invite  you 
to  join  them ;  bol  you  were  not  at  home. 
PretaingbnEinesaprevButs  my  seeing  yon. 
I  tend  you  iDfonnBlion,  however,  as  the 
clrenmstaDcea  may  be  fsvorable  to  you  j 
it  ia  poaaihle  you  may  find  Caroline  alone 
mt  thebouie.  ThiaereniDgl  shall  expect 
lo  hear  from  yon. 

"  Heissiim  keimei  ." 

OoT  artist  lost  no  time  in  haatening 
to  the  chapei-mastet's  house.  He 
rang,  and  rang;  hut  □□  one  admitted 
him.      After  several   trials    with    the 


I  fill 


evening,  when  Ricco  and  Nina  might 
be  expected  lo  return.  Carolina 
would  then  be  certainly  at  home.  Who 
knows,  thought  he,  that  ahe  haa  not 
some  friend,  whom  ahe  haa  gone  to 
conaoltl 

He  counted  the  hours  impatiently, 
till  it  waa  quite  dark ;  and  stood  again 
araong  the  lindens  opposita  the  bouse. 
The  windows  were  open,  but  the  cur- 
tains down  ;  there  was  no  light,  a  aure 
sign  that  the  chapel-master  had  not  re- 
turned. All  at  once  he  beard  the  sound 
of  a  piano.  It  must  be  Caroline,  tak- 
ing the  opportunity  of  the  absence  of 
her  master  and  mistress,  to  indulge 
herself  in  her  beloved  art ! 

Quickly,  but  noiselessly,  Louis  etole 
Tip  (he  Bteps,  entered  at  the  door,  and 
passed  through  the  hall.  He  listened 
at  the  door  leading  into  the  room  ;  she 
was  singing,  with  her  rich,  expressive 
Toice,,lhe  same  song  he  had  first  heard. 
He  could  distinguish  every  word  )  the 
closing  line  being  repeated  with  some 
■variations.  The  whole  song  was  un- 
ipeakably  touching,  and  full  of  life, 
love,  and  hope,  each  as  only  a  poetic 
spirit  could  express.  It  lilted  (he  lis- 
tener, like  magic,  with  a  feeling  of  de- 


licious sadness;  the  sort  breath  of 
spring,  the  whisper  of  love,  could  alone 
be  compared  with  it! 

Louis  breathed  quickly.  Nnu'  is  the 
time  or  never,  thought  he,  and  opened 
the  door.  There  was  only  sufllcient  light 
in  the  room  to  show  the  outline  of  a  fe- 
male figure.  Bitting  with  druopiiig  head 
before  the  piano. 

'I'he  young  man  dreiv  nigh,  unob- 
served ;  anil  suddenly  seizing  Tier  hand, 
"  Caroline !"  he  cried,  in  a  voice  ttem- 
bling  with  emotion.  She  started  up; 
he  still  held  her  hand,  and  whispered, 
"  Caroline,  canst  thou  love  me  ?" 

The  girl  trembled,  and  placed   the  ' 
hand  that  was  at  liberty  before  her  eyca. 
Her  lover  tried  to  remove  it,  and   felt 
her  burning  teara  upon   hia  own.     Hs 
pressed  her  to  his  boaom. 

At  last,  ahe  whiapered  softly,  "  Will 
you  love  me,  quesliouing  not  who  I 
ami"  Louia  kissed  Ihe  lips  that  otter- 
ed these  words,  and  replied, "  For  ever 

Leaning  on  the  arm  of  the  young 
man,  the  agitated  girl  ted  the  way  out 
of  the  music-room,  and  through  two  or 
three  apartments,  towards  Nina'a  cabi* 
net.  As  Ihey  Blood  before  the  door, 
ahe  whispered  again,  "Grant  me  my 
first  petition  ;  close  your  eyes  till  the 
word  is  given  to  open  them."  Louis 
obeyed,  in  some  sorpriso  ;  they  entered 
the  cabinet ;  Caroline  drew  away  her 
hand  ;  they  stood  a  moment  still.  At 
last,  he  heard  a  strange  voice  say, 
"  Now,  Louia !"  and  opened  his  eyei. 

The  room  waa  lighted  up;  directly 
before  him  stood  Heisscnhcimer  ;  a  few 
paces  off,  Ricco,  supporting  the  ibrmof 
a  young  girl,  whose  face  was  bid  on  hie 
hreaai.  The  Italian  seemed  muck 
moved,  hut  did  not  utter  a  word. 

Louis  stood  mute  with  surprise  and 
embarrassment ;  at  length,  recnllecling 
himself,  be  repeated  aniiou&ly  the  name 
of  "Caroline!"  The  weeping  girl 
lilted  her  face  from  Ricco'a  bosom,  and 
turned  towards  him.     It  was  NiKi  I 

"Nina!"  exclaimed  the  young  man. 

"Nina — Caroline — what  you  will," 
answered   Hcisaenheimer  ;   "  but    the 
self-same  enchantress,  whose  song  haa   . 
won  your  heart." 

"  No !  Is  it  possible  t  Oh,  can  I  be- 
lieve it !"  cried  Louis,  looliing  bewilder- 
ed around  him. 

"  The  same !"  said  Ricco.  And  Nina 
herself  couErmed  the  truth.  ,-,  . 

Nolonger  doubting,  the  artist  seiaed^_,QQl3  I Q 


61t                                          Love  versa*  Taste.  [Dm. 

her  fair  hftnd,  ind  drew  her  gently  to  Teptie<l   tbo   Italian.     "  We  ill  liikedl 

his  breast.     Long,  Inng,  he  held  her  Boaiething.     Let  na  nijoice  ibatUhu 

there  in  silence  ;  amaiemoni — love —  ended  so  happily." 

iinspeukable  rapture — deprived  him  of  "  Only  the   poor   Tillage  rnDticiu" 

the  power  of  speech.  said   Heissenheimer,  "has  leuon  to 

At  last  Ricco,  who  had  been  walking  complain,  that  1  aent  him  out  of  the 

np  and  down  the  room  in  great  emotion,  world  so  Bentioienully,  withoat  ukiug 

broke  tlia    silence.     "  Yoang  friend,"  his  leave  !  rtoiibdeas  he  wonld  not  b« 

b«  cried,  "  thou  haat  nobly  borne  the  much  obliged  to  me — for  to-day  i«  hli 

trial.     Art  ia  a  divinity — and   for  the  birth-day,  and  his  danghler  Caroline  it 

tme  artist,  no  sacrifice  is  too  groiti  gone  to  pay  him  a  visit.    BuEwhatlhiak 

I   vowed — and    would   have   kept  my  joii,  fair  lady,  of  out  friend  aei  phy. 

vow — to  give  mj  daughter  to  no  one  siognomist !  Here  he  has  been  Ending 

who   oould    not   value   her  mind    and  out  that  your  features  were  ineiprcg- 

heait    beyond    her   outward   charms!  sive — and  those  of  Caroline  very  ia. 

He  who  could  admire  the  superfiaial,  teresting  1  " 

frivolous  maiden,  beautiful  as  she  was,  **  Do  not  make  sport  of  me ! "  cried 

and    wiah    for    nothing   more—would  Louis  "  you  were  38  much  in  tbs  ditk 

have   been    unworthy   of    her    better  till  yesterday  as  myself." 

•eir.      Too   ofmn   have  I   heard    fair  "  Well ! "  said  the  old  merehMl— 

words  in  praise  of  art ;  too  rarely  does  "at  least  I  shall   claim  a  kiss  for  my 

the   action  correspond;  and  he   alono  reward  as  pajlif/DnfTamour.'" 

has  rigbl  to  upbraid  his  opponents  with  "  Come,''  interrupted  the  cbapei-mii- 

their  wantof  diacernment,  who  nnt  only  ter  ;  "  let  as  adjourn  to  the  little  buk 

has   better  judgment,  but    suffers  that  room,  where  we  may  Hod  aomething  to 

judgment  to  guide  his  conduct.     Now,  eat!"    Thej  went,  Nina  leading  iha 

take  my  girl  if  you  will !     I  welcome  way,  leaning  on  the  arm  of  ber  loru. 

you  as  my  son  !"   I^juis  answered  by  The  "  lillle  back  room  "  was  a  private 

emhtacing  the  kind  old  man.  cabioel,  the  window  of  which  opened 

When  their  feelin£(3  were  in  some  un  a  small  garden  in   the  rear  of  the 

measnre  calmed,  Heisaenheimor  com-  honss.     Here  was  an  excellent  ioalra- 

msnced  his  explanations,  ment,  by  which  Ricco  was  accuslonud 

"You  have  much  to  thank  me  for,  to  compose,  and  bis  daughter  to  sing. 

young  man!     Till  yesterday  I  was  aa  A  large  book-case  contained,  in  licli 

much  deceived   as  yourself,  and  was  binding,  ibc  works  of  celebrated  cdD- 

only  let   behind  the  scenes   al^cr  my  posers,  of  the  old  Italian  school,  iIdsd 

discovery.     I  would  have  yoii  know,  to  tlie  latest.     There  was  Palestrita, 

all  was  truth  I  tuld  yuii  abimi  my  hear-  Lulli,  &c.,   and  also   Haydn,  Maun, 

ing  the   tnusic,  and   so  forth;   except  and  Beethoven.     Portraits  of  the  giM 

that  I  surprised,  not  the  maid  Caroline,,  masters   hung    round   the   walls;  tte 

but  our  sweet  friend  Nina,  while  her  bust  of  MiizAji<r  stood  on  the  book-cue. 

father   was  accompanying  her  in   the  Louis  believed  himself  in  a  sanela- 

sweet     song    you   hoard   a   few    mo-  ary  !  The  fair  priestess  stood  by  hii 

ments  since.    There  was  no  escape;  side,  and  smiled  uponhim.     Herusuil 

both  were  brought  to  confession,  and  franJ:  and  lively  manner  was  eichangti 

having  them  in  ray  power,  I  stipulated  for  something  of  atimidity  andreserve; 

that  you  should  bo  kept  no  lunger  in  but  love  beamed  in  ber  eyes,  and  kindly 

suspense,  else  I  know  not  how  many  regard  was  exprcEsed  in   the  looks  of 

fiery  trials  awaited  you."  all  present.  Hcissenbeimer  waslbelini 

"  It  was  ray  father's  will,  not  mine !"  to  recover  his  vivacity ;  and  he  btoaglil 

cried  Nina ;  "  if  you  only  knew  how  them  back  to  this  world   by  protesting 

hard   it  was  for  mo  to   play    such   a  that  he  was  inordinately  hungry  wd 

part !"  thirsty.      He  should  prefer  a  flask  of 

Louis   answered  b^y   an    espressive  good  Johannisberger  to  all  the  de»»  "f 

look  ;   and   Ricco   said,  deprecatingly,  Castaly  !  And  they  would   nor  forget 

"  My  art— my  child— my  all,   was  at  to  drink  the  health  of  all  the  diviaitie* 

slake  I     We  are  told  to  be  wise  aa  the  of  love   and   music  ;  yea,  the  present 

serpent."  company    included,   tiesidss  ths  poor 

''  Bnt  if  the  issue  had  not  been  for-  village  musician  and  his  dangbtet  Cs- 

tnoate  V  said  the  young  man.  roline,  who  certainly  onght  to  hare  * 

" Nothing  Toalue — Rn'.l.ing  win!"  share  in thetr  good  wishes!       ^^               i 

Coogle 


TA«  Htarl't  Bridal. 


THE  HEARTS  BRIDAL. 


WnONH  me  not  by  hasiy  cenaure, 

Pur  all  utteiance  is  Jcnied  ; 
Clear  wuuld  be  eacb  duublful  action 

Were  it  luine  to  call  ibeci  bitde! 

Could  my  heart  yield  full  expreasion. 
Conscience  seal  my  lips  no  moro, 

Nut  a  duiid  the  view  woulJ  darken 
Which  lliy  gaze  miglit  then  explore. 

No  blind,  liifiil  adoration. 

Too  unjoTerned  long  to  bless, 

No  emotion  self-cnnsuminjr, 
Yaoqaished  byita  own  excess; — 

Snl  a  true,  sbidlng  solice. 
Like  the  breath  iif  native  air, 

To  my  canaciuusncss  tor  ever 
Dolh  thy  grateful  picaence  weai ! 

PossLon'a  tropic  heart  may  foster 
Seeds  (hat  chance  h:i5  scattorcd  wide, 

And  the  barques  th&t  Fancy  launches, 
Rise  and  fall  on  Pleasure's  tide. 

But  when  absence  dolh  but  hallow 


When  the  wasted  spirits  freshen, 
And  contentment  re  appears, 

As  if  then  wa.B  first  discovered 

The  true  good  which  life  endear* ; — 

Ace  sach  tokens  quite  tinreal  1 
May  not  faith  iierein  repneel 

Do  we  gather  grapes  of  thistles  1 
Is  it  not  oar  star  that  glows  ? 

Trust,  companionship,  devotion. 
Frankest  interchange  of  thunghl. 

Tenderness  resttaioed  by  duty. 
Sympathy  tbsi  coniteB  tinaougbt ; — 

Ardor  veiled  by  casual  doings. 
Pleadings  hid  in  accents  mild. 

While  of  life  we  reason  wisely. 
Feeling  simply  as  a  child  ; — 

Are  not  these  the  best  espousals, 
Such  as  God  confirmB  above ! 

And  if  barred  all  fond  caresses. 
Have  we  nul  enduring  Love  ! 


=1  Google 


Monthly  Finaneiai  and  Commercial  Article. 


MONTHLY  FINANCIAL  AND  COMMERCIAL  ARTICLE. 

Th«  commercial  alTaira  of  Ihp  country,  for  Augosl.     The  fall  in  pricea  of  all 

which  were  supposed  10  have  b«en  Bet-  a(;ricul(iiTa1  produMions  will  avenge, 

tiedpcrnianenily  throu);h  llio  Cnmpro-  from  Ilie  1st   of  N^ovemher,  1843,   to 

mise  Ant  of  Feb.,  IS33,  under  an  im-  November  1st,   1814,  twenty-fiTC  per 

plied  pledge  that  the  minimum  duticH  of  cent.,  and  has  involved  all  dealers  in 

that  tarilf  wero  never  to  bo  exceeded,  serious  Iubbcs,  in  no  arlicjo  more  than 

after  18 12,  except  for  purposes  of  reve-  in    cotton.     The   present   tariff   eom- 

nue,   have   been,  during  the  past  two  rnenced   its    aperalions    Oeiober    lat. 

Tears,  powerfullydiaiurbed,throughihe  1842,  and  conaeqnenily,  op  to  the  1st 

bold  altemplB  of  a  cIum  of  citizens  to  or  October,  1844,  had  been  two  years 

obtain  special  privileges  at  the  eipenso  in  operation.     In  the  year  1843,  a  very 

of  the  eonnliy  at  large.     The  unfurlu-  great  stagnation  prevailed  in  all  depart- 

nate  result  of  the  election  of  1B4fl  laid  ments  of  business.     The  cotton  market    . 

the  foundation  of  the  pretence  of  the  was   heavy   and    falling;   the    import 

BQcceBsful  party,  that  the  people  sane-  trade  had  not  been  less  since  the  war  ; 

tioned  the  imposition  of  taxes  fur  other  agricultural  produce  very  low  ;  the  par- 

Krposea  than  to  raise  the  means  of  de-  chasers  of  goods  for  consamption  very 

ying  the  necessary  expenses  of  the  limited,  and  a  general  absence  of  eoter- 

Federal  Government.     The  effect  has  prise  was  apparent.      Even  protected 

been,  to  disorganize  business,  to  dislo-  manufac-tnred  goods  fell  so  low  in  m«- 

cate  all  the  channels  of  trade,  to  pro-  ney  value  that  Lowell  goods  wero  sold 

duce   an  artificial  movement  of  capital,  in  London.     The  reEult  of  this  general 

to  reduce  prices,  and,  finally,  to  involve  business  apathy  was,  that  money  being 

all  dealers  in  losses  so  disastrous  as  to  thrown  out  of  employ,  accumulated  to 

paralyze  their  rnovements  and  stagnate  a  great  extent  at  the  centres  of  btiai- 

commerce.    The  last  year  has  been  ncss  and  the  rale  of  interest  fell  very 

one  of  decline  in  prices  so  conlinuoas,  low  in  October,  1843.   This  abundance 

and  of  investments  so  unfortunate,  that  of  money  induced  of  itself  a  renewed 

bad  business  been  conducted  with  the  speculative  movement  in  general  busi- 

proportiun  of  banking  credits  employed  ness,  which  movements  have  all  tamed 

in   years  gone   by,  the  bank   failures  out  disastrously,  because  not  sound  in 

and  monetary  revulsion  must  have  ex-  principle.     The  progress  of  the  import 

ceeded  those  of  any  former  period,  not  trade    is    indicated    in    the    following 

even  excepting  the  years  1836-7,  1839-  oAcial  table  of  the  quarterly  customs 

40.  The  progress  of  affairs  was  evinced  received   into    the    Treasury    of  tbe 

to  a  very  great  extent  in  the  table  of  States  ; — 
prices  current  contained  in  our  number 


Two  quarters  ending  April  I,  $6,61)7,941  $11,306,176 

Third  quarter  endin?  July  1,  4,I0G,039  fi,47l,000 

Fourth  quarter  ending  October  1,  6,132,272  10,750,000 


The  imports,  although  comparatively  government,  and  the  United  States  de- 

small,  have  paid  a  high  tax,  the  effect  posits  with  the  banks  have  prospered 

of  which  has  been  to  draw  large  sums  as  follows: — 
from  tbe  importers  into  the  hands  of  the 

TOTAt  DtriTID    BTATCS   DEPOSITS. 

H«ir  Tntk  BmlCL         B«Iob.  PhH.  AN  nlhen.              Tout. 

June  34,             4,334,161  ],BI«,58S  eSg,843  1,S57,654        8,747,443 

July  39,              e,274,2eP  1,403,321  944.264  2,407,808  10,029,612 

ADgnst26,         6,103,001  1,772,685  1,036,885  2,7!i7,924  Il,fi7l^9g9 

September  23,    6,335,135  1,989,118  917,123  4,633,919  13,875.291 

October  28.        5,372,005  2, 138,297  927,7 1 1  6,: 

HoTember25,    3,530,118  2,100,979         7; 


13,S20^b  I 

J2,293^00l^lC 


1844.1  Monthly  Financial  and  Commereial  Artitle.  6IA 

This  tax,  $30,7^7,176,  leried  upon  are  ibout  $2,500,DDOpern]Ontb.  Hence 

gnoda    Dnder    cash    duties,  is    a  sum  the  , above   table   of  depOBita   giva   a 

advanced  bjt  the  importora  to  the  gov-  diminution  in  the  surplus,  instead  of  a 

emment,   for  which  thef  aie  Id  icim-  large   increase   as   in   every   previouB 

boise  tbemMlves  by  adding  to  it  the  month.     This  was  the  eourae   of  the 

cost  of  their  goods  when  ihey  sell  ihem  import  trade  under  the  full  operation  of 

to   conaumGrs.      It   has,   however,   bo  the  tarilT  for  two  yenrm 
turned  out,  that  although  the  imports       At  the  time  the  import  trade  began 

have  been  made  in  the  hope  of  favorabla  to  awe!!  in  1842,  a  gteat  inciTemcnt  in 

u1e9,yetthat  hope  haabeendisappoint-  cotton   also  commenced.     It  was  sup- 

ed,  and  serioos  losses  have  overtaken  posed  that  the  crop  would  turn  out  snf- 

iha   merohanls,  probably  equal  to  the  ficientlj  less  than  the  yield  of  the  pre- 

nbole  sum  advanced  t^  them  to  the  vious  year,  to  warrant  apeculativa  pat- 

govcmraent,   say    $35,000,000.      The  chases.     The  supply  of  cheap  capital 

fall  trade  failed  to  meet  the  anticipations  withdrawn  from  regular  bDaineaa,  gare 

of  the  dealers,  and  they  reduced  their  the  means,  ami  operations  commenced 

intportatiuna  to  an  extent  which  dimin-  by  buying  the  cotton  to  hold  on  this  sido 

ished  therevenne  from  11.185,268  in  of  the  Atlantic.     The  progress  of  the 

the  month  of  Augast,  to  $900,000  in  speoolatioa  is  evinced  in  the  following 

the  month  of  November.  The  eipenaes  table: — 


Keeeipts,  (bales)  ]^33,S01         1,008,039  I,M3,38S        1,646,372 

Exports,  K35,359  374,583  1,196,691  619,364 

Stock  on  hand,       S71,U9  510,902  .  446^  722^399 

Up  to  April  1st  it  appears  one-half  of  more  llian  one  quarter  was  held  here, 

the  whole  receiptswererelained  here:  The  progress  of  prices  in  the  New 

while  in  the  preceding  yvax  scarcely  York  market  was  as  follows : 


OU.14.1B43.  F«k.l4,lBU. 

Aprils. 

Jii»S. 

BrpL7. 

K.  0.  OrdlnwT 

61  «  7        9  fl  9t 

7ta7| 

5i  a  61 

6l«5i 

"    Middling 

■H  a  7J      9ia  91 

7(  a8 

71  «71 

61  as 

"    Fair 

8^  a  81     lOiolOl 

81  ttSi 

8    a  81 

71  a7i 

«    QoodFwr 

9ial0(     ll(al21 

91  olOi 

9    a  10 

8U» 

Averse 

8a87.l6  lOalOi 

81  a  8! 

7|B7i 

6M7 

The  advance  in  colUin  to  Feb.  14,  eroment  in  interfering  with  the  coune 

was  23  per  cent.     The   average   pur-  of  trade.     This  money  was  loaned  by 

chasoBwereO  cts.     The  average  from  individual  houses  mostly  ;  but,  hod  the 

that  time  to  April  3,  was  also  9  cents,  trade  turned  on  bonk   facililiea,   as  in 

at  which  rate  1,600,000  bales  received  llie  year  1830,  when  a  similar  specula* 

up  to  that  time  cost  857,600,000,  on  tioo  look  place,  a  ruin,  as  estended  a* 

which    a   loss    of   SO    per   cent.,   or  was  apparent  in  that  year,  would  have 

•  11,520,000,  was  sustained  by  the  fall  been  manifeBt ;  as  it  was,  a  few  houses 

in  price,  which  was  precipitated  at  the  only  have  failed.     We  have  here  two 

moment  the  stock  held  was  the  largest^  items  of   loss.     In   the  import  trade, 

by  the  combination  of  the  Manchester  $35,000,000,    and     in     cotton     neii 

spinners.     On  the  600,000  bales,  aub-  $15,000,000,     making     $40,000,000. 

•eqaently    received,    a    loss  of  fully  The  markets  for  agricultural  prodnce 

$3,000,000    was     suffered,     making  have  presented  the  aame  features.  The 

$14,630,000  poaitive  loss  to  a  certain  prices  of  the  leading  articles,  during 

class  of  dealers,  growing  directly  out  the  year,  have,  in  the  New  York  mai- 

of  the  absurd  movements  of  the  gov-  ket,  been  aa  follows : 


lizcdbyGooi^le 


MmiMh  Financial  mud 


OcLiita 

F.k.11. 

JoiS. 

SffLK. 

Art«,P«to, 

9i  so  a  . 

<  75  «  — 

425 

4  —  >  4  S 

P«lr,O.M«., 

10  87  a  : 

11  00 

925«f«2 
58788k 

8  90  a  8  6t 

8  93  a  9  Oa 

Bertl       - 

tSO  a 

«  79 

5  00a  S  50 

5  00  a  550 

Cb«m, 

4ia 

61 

4\a        5] 

3>         &i 

4l>        H 

Boiler, 

l!i« 

15 

16  a       16 

11  .      15 

Sla       11 

wcwi,h.u; 

2Sd 

27 

36  a      38 

34a      36 

3Sa      38 

Whml, 

92* 

95 

1  00  a  1  05 

95  a      98 

85a      90 

1JU4, 

filo 

8 

6  a        7J 

Sit        6j 

Sl>        6) 

L«d, 

3  37« 

34S 

3  M  a  — 

3  40  a  3  45 

3  95«  4  ~ 

H«nM, 

»  a 

6| 

8  a        9i 

3;a        7 

4  a        7 

Whbker, 

24  a 

25 

23.      24 

23  a      231 

24  a      25 

Corn, 

53 

50  a      5] 

50 

30  a      51 

T<iUMo,I«f, 

3< 

6i 

21-        61 

2  a        5 

21a        6 

Aa  mnch  more  was  recpiTpd  al  all  olher  cent,  has  heen  Hnalained,  mailing  near 
pninla,  making  9114, G0D,3l3.onwhich  $IS,0O0,000.  The  feaull  bas,  then, 
s  loBi  from  railing  prieea  of  full  10  per    been  nearlj  as  follows ; 

LoH  on  itnporled  gooit, S2S,000,OOD 

"       collon, 15,000,000 

<<      Agrjcullanl  prodace,      ....  12,000,000 


Total  loM  bf  diOcrent  dealets, 


paid  to  the  differentdealerB  went  into  the  inlhe  connlry  c-        .   

pockets  of  planters,  anU  were  a  benO'  fairg  have  been  for  the  last  few  yeara, 

fit  to  them.     In  the  case  of  produce,  only  bj  sending  a  portion  of  it  out  of 

howETcr,     tha    highest     prices    paid  the  cnuntry.     In  the  year  1843,  aome 

scarcely  remyneraled  the  farmera,  and  (32,000,000  wrre  imported,  and  uplo 

the  subsequent  tnss  sustained  b;  deal-  October  of  the  present  year,  the  im- 

era  waa  purely  &  bounty  to  roanufac-  ports  had  exceeded  the  exports.     The 

larera,   whose  goods    have   advanced  unfortunate  state  of  the  cotton  maiket 

SO  pel  cent,  on  a  Talne  of  (300,000,-  abroad  at  that  lime,  was  prodactire  of 

000,   or   •40,000,000,  and  this   snial]  the  failure  of  a  cotton   hoose,  and  tb« 

class  alone  have   tbit  any  actual  im-  return  of  a  quantity   of  bills.      The 

CTsment  in  hnsinsas,  and  their  profits  amount  returned  was  not  large,  bnt  in 
e  been  in  proportion.  This  stale  the  state  of  sRairs,  was  •□IBcient  to 
of  affairs  has  checked  iDrealmenIs  of  discredit  bills  generally  based  on  cot- 
capital  in  all  directions  except  in  that  ton,  and  to  induce  remitters  rather  to 
of  maanlkctiireB.  The  attificial  more-  pay  more  for  specie,  than  to  ran  the 
nMDt  prodaced  thereby  has  again  re-  risk  of  bills  being  returned,  thrangh  « 
eelTea  a  new  diieotion  by  the  change  fall  in  the  price  of  the  cotton  against 
of  policy  on  the  part  of  the  govern-  which  they  ara  drawn.      These  cir- 


EMnt,  anppoeed  to  b«  ioTolTed  in  the  camatancea  occurring 

laanlt  of^the  late  elections,  and  atteo-  the  year  when  the  remittances  an  tho 

tion  is  again  tamed  to  commereial  en-  largest,  and  the  supply  of  bills  the 

1«Tprisas  and  general  trade,  to  which  smallest,  bare  induced  the  export  of 

tha  doer  is  opened  in  a  legitimate  way.  aome  (4,000,000    of  q;>eoie,    mostly 

A  slight  paralysis  is  the  consequence  silver,  with  every  indication  that  it 

of  this  change,  accompanied  by  a  di-  will  soon  be  retamed,  when  the  cotton 

minished  demaool  for  money,  bnt  it  can  season   shall  have  further  adranoed. 

by  no  meaua  be  the  cause  of  a  acuci-  Considerable  anms  have  in  the  i 


Google 


1U4.)  Monthly  Financial  and  Covmtreial  ArtitU.  017 

time  been  Teceired  tram  Mexico  and  of  tfae  government  benke,  than  from 

South  America,  tx.  New  OrJeana,  and  any  other  caose.    The  cuntinnal  chang- 

other  cities.     Probabljr  foe   the   yettrf  ing-  of  inveatments,  to  which  we  have 

the  amount  of  ezpoite  of  money  doee  in  formei  number*  alluded,  baa  the  tX- 

not  greatly  exceed  that  of  the  impoita,  feet  of  producing  altarnate  eontrBctione 

not  with  stand  inn    which,    the    rate  of  and  expaheions,  although  the  quantity 

money  has  cousiderably  adranced,  and  of   money   remains   the   same.      The 

the  bank*  of  New  York  have  become  mOTement  of  all  the  bank*  of  New 

*erj  chary  of  tbeic  loans.     This   has  York  Slate  has  been  a*  follows  : 
arisen,  botreTer,  more  from  the  action 

Banes  of  Nbw  Yohk  State. 


►OTJB5.«t4 

tS7,6H'.7(H 

WM.80B 

O.sio.aM 

H7.fW,4M 

•I«,11SJ38 

3i.iaii.«i 

n.8js,in 

t»3.l99 

a.s£4le4e 

90.0R9.88S 

3T.10l,<6n 

Tg.3l3.l&^ 

1,7M.1M 

wiiwiuoo 

3»,filI.<M 

60,9911,770 

a.TM,anT 

<.I»,7M 

lS,ffi1,»» 

3n.wi.wo 

oe.aoo.^tii 

oil. IKS 

1 8.370,044 

a7.ft.^,o'r7 

S.4M.I3a 

7,000.32(1 

linsMio 

90.01  l,3U 

B0.KW.J3(t 

«,739,«» 

ejacwo 

],30i000 

18.<ai,130 

S0.87ft,37» 

17.0a3.774 

W,MP,41?7 

^^-7,'ll7^ 

imIoji.h:! 

<j,oi9,sn 

5H.!«a,o?i 

ie.:ao,ii8T 

H.oin,rre 

io,sii,wo 

H,S!»,tHJ 

9i.sn.iaa 

■(3.M!MSa 

Sl,5]4,iai 

lt,6(U,311 

11,503.789 

4,B«,flU 

17,513.101 

*7,W,1M 

43,M9,Pm 

M.<t8,Tm 

II.OSS.J.W 

ll),«».5« 

5.343345 

1SJ3S.W1 

».n3».*is 

38.741JW 

i-3.u7.fai 

Ti,«rj>» 

mwftsii 

]o!llll.974 

T^TM^iia 

IR(rin!3-24 

Not.                43.ei8.HII     73,091.788    I0.773,C18  8,9e8,0M      9.004.110       30.l».Sie      30.391.093 

The  deposits  and  circulation  range  apeoie  has  diminished  aboat  10  per 

very  near  the  hijiheit  points  they  have  cent.     The  highest  amount  of  specie 

ever  reached.     The  amount  of  money  nas  in  August,   iai3.     The  change 

famished  by  these  New  York   Banks  in  the   city  and  country  Banks  since 

within  the  year  has  increased  S5  per  then   has  been  comparalirely  as  fol' 

cent.,   or  near  94,000,000,  and  their  lows  : 


Anfinl  1840.  NaT.  Ifl44.  AariM  1B40.  Nor.  18M. 

toanf.. .116,614,332  42,600,5U  22,078,749  30,491,274 

Specie.. ..12,963,944              8.082.277  ],I29,S35  885,815 

CircvlBtion  5,30S,52.'S              6,231,272  9,212,318  13,920,941 

I>epasit*..  33,475,641  25,106,490  1,203,589  5,183,132 

The  principal  increase  has  been  on  from  the  city  Bands,  and  a  TJolent  cor* 
the  part  of  the  country  Banks,  as  is  tailment  ia  the  result.  As  above  stat- 
usnally  the  case  at  this  season  of  the  ad,  the  surplus  revenue  has  not  io- 
year.  They  have  a  circulation  of,  creased  since  September  23,  ia  con- 
near  914,000,000,  turning  upon  a  very  sequence  of  diminished  customs  re- 
small  amotiDt  of  specie  in  their  own  ceipta.  Freviousty  to  that  date,  the 
Tsnlts,  as  they  depend  upon  their  city  largest  proportion  of  the  deposits  WU 
credits  for  the  redemption  of  their  kept  in  New  York,  vthere  they  were 
bills  to  a  very  considerable  extent,  collected.  This,  however,  produced 
The  accumulation  of  government  funds  competitors  for  the  nse  of  the  publit 
in  certain  of  tfae  city  Banks  gave  an  money,  and  it  began  to  be  transfarrwl 
imputae  to  expansion,  which  apiead  it-  to  other  sections,  particularly  to 
self  speedily  over  the  State,  and  the  WaahiDgton,  where,  in  June  last,  tha 
qnantity  of  money  as  furnished  by  the  Banks  held  but  9455,757.  That 
country  Banks  has  increased  in  la  aroonnt  in  November  had  risen  to 
months  near  95,000,000,  and  the  loana  93,084,064,  and  an  individnsJ  bnAer'a 
of  the  Banks  98,000,000.  The  time  bouse  at  Waahington  had  also  aueoeed- 
Itas  now  arrived  when  the  government  ed  in  obtaining  91,445,013  of  the  public 
money  lus    b«en   lenorea    stiddenly  money,  to  be  tinned  out  for  individnd    .^  . 

Coogle 


Monthly  Financial  and  CononercM  Artieh. 


[Dee. 


618 

profit.      Thus  inakinf;   •2,510,378   of  and     imoanting    to     •5,674,996  ;     a 

the   poblie    money  cnllecled   in   New  part  of  this  tosn  bad  been  pteriouslf 

Yoik  and   transri^tred  lo  Wa»hin|t(uD,  [Aid.    9^4,000,   during    the    qnarler 

•eeminiiiyfur  noubjectnfpublicutiliiy.  endini;   September   SOtb,   1844.     The 

The    New  York   Uank»,  on   ihe  iiSih  niihdmwaL   of   this   tnoney   from   the 

October,  as  seen  in   the  abore  table.  New  Yoik  Banks  was  prodactive  of  a 

beld  $5,372,005,  and  a  large  porLon  of  powerful  contiaction-      The  aituation 

thii   waa   tranafcned  to  oihec   cities,  of  the  goveniment  Banks,aBGonpared 

to  prepare  foi   tbe    goTBroinent  loan,  with   the   other   city   Baska,   waa  a* 

falling    due     oa     the      Ist    January,  follows : 


Abr.  El  Buk, 


Bask  or  Amertn, 


Bprele. 

a,SIB,3tt 

l,i3lifiSf 

isxjee 

].igi.eii 

i3:s.ii3 

ia.sm.iK 

S.S4S.Sli 

15,T<7,aM 

4_-07.«J* 

Hjea^aa 

a.«3jn 

33,B84.M» 

s8,4es,«T 

4,B3J.TO8 

The  large  aTnoont  of  apecie  held  by  ficial  action  of  the  Block  market  waa 
the  three  gorerament  Banks  in  August,  then  pointed  to  aa  an  indication  of  loea 
1843,  when  tbe  American  Exchange  of  confidence  among  capitalista.  So 
Bank  was  not  a  deposile  Bank  was  oc-  far,  howeyer,  from  there  being  any 
caaioned  hj  the  C12,000,000  loan,  then  cause  for  glootny  apprehenaiona,  the 
recently  paid  in  and  remaining  on  de-  general  prospecl  waa  nerer  more  pro- 
posit.  The  continued  large  deposita  pitioas  than  now.  Money  in  England 
with  those  institntions  enabled  ihem  to  continues  Tery  abundant,  and  its  trade 
increase  their  loans  S5  per  cent.,  la  rapidly  adTancing,  leading  to  an  in- 
while  all  the  other  Banks  pushed  theirs  creased  cunsumpiion  of  American  pro- 
in  a  lower  ratio.  Immediately  after  duce,  thereby  ensaring  a  conlioaed 
the  return  for  Norember,  they  were  abundance  of  money  here.  In  the 
called  upon  for  the  government  money,  United  Suies  the  crops  of  all  kinds 
and  they  were  compelled  to  contract.  haTs  been  very  abundant,  and  now,  in- 
This  occurring  simultaneoasly  with  alead  of  the  energies  of  the  people 
a  small  export  of  specie,  contributed  being  confined  by  action  of  law  to  one 
to  the  manufactured  panic  consequent  branch  of  industry,  that  of  manufac- 
upon  the  result  of  the  election,  and  tures,  all  the  channels  of  trade  will 
the  slock  market,  being  unsupported  at  alike  be  open  to  inditldual  enterprise. 
a  time  nhen  sales  took  place  of  large  The  condition  of  the  revenue  of  the 
amounts  of  stocks  that  had  been  pur-  Federal  Gorcrnment  will  make  it  ce- 
chaeed  on  time  by  specutators,  under  ceaaary  to  reduce  those  duties  which 
the  hope  that  the  success  of  the  Whig  are  nniv  prohibiliTe  in  their  operation- 
party  at  the  election  would  produce  a  The  revcnuea  and  e:cpensea  of  the  go- 
gambling  rise  in  prices,  gave  way,  and  vernment  for  the  year  ending  Septem- 
rates  fell  10  to  15 percent.     Thisatti-  bet  30th,  were  a» follows; 


RircDUF.  April  1. 

C05tomi....»l  1,506, 176 

Lands 1,148,182 

TreaiQrrNolesl,919,800 

toan 4,241 

Miscellanetiui        57,337 

Total 14,636,738 

Kipenses. 

Civ.  Mis.  fc  For.3,DI6,5e9 

Vilitary 3,621,313 

Haial 2,82a,4S3 

JatVt  oTdebt. .      55I,S79 

FaU  loan  1841 

T>  note*  and  inU,4D3,963 

ToUl 13,419,207 


Jims  30. 

Bepuinbcr  30. 

Totitreu. 

8,471.000 

10,750,000 

30,727,176 

£00,500 

450,000 

2^98,682 

25,000 

1,944,800 
4,24li 

50,000 

25.500 

132,837 

9,046,500 

11,22^600 

34,907,73* 

1,280,778 

1,411,062 

^708,399 

1,692,978 

3,277,996 

8,592,289 

1,309,481 

1,806,206 

6,082,170 

65,808 

81,404 

1,I7I,0»1 

334,600 

234,600 

1,063^8 

322,686 

4.790,63* 

7^,846  il&fiiafl93    r^ 


Google 


tU4.]  Monthly  Financial  and  Commercud  Article.  819 

For  reasons  given  in  iIib  fore  part  from  i.  modification  being  an  injury  to 
oi  this  article,  the  cuatomB  are  now  any  claes,  it  ta  only  a  matter  of  jualice 
reduced  to  kd  extent  which  tlirealeifs  to  (he  cummercial  interests,  whose 
to  compel  the  govcrnmenl  a({ain  to  be-  rights  were  disregarded  in  1842,  The 
cnnte  a  borrower,  b;  the  close  of  the  manufactures  already  in  operation  will, 
coming  session  of  Congiress.  After  by  a  tnodification  of  duties,  be  protected 
the  debt  due  Janaary,  1845,  shatl  have  from  those  speculative  investments 
been  paid  according  to  notice  given,  of  capital,  which  wonld  become  alilie 
so  far,  however,  from  such  a  modiRea-  ruinons  to  men  as  well  as  to  establish- 
tiOTi  being  in  any  degree  detrimental  ed  manufactures.  Capital  will  always 
In  business  prosperity,  it  must  tend  seek  the  most  proHlable  emplnyment. 
eminently  to  prumote  it.  Ship-build-  If  the  government  interferes  and 
jng,  and  all  connected  with  external  makes  one  branch  nf  business  more 
commerce,  have  already  evince  dsigns  profit  able  than  another,  it  can  only  be 
of  retatning  activity.  A  modiGcaiion  temporarily  so,  because  the  eager  de- 
of  the  tarilT  now  will  be  unattendeil  sire  to  lake  advantage  of  those  privile- 
wilh  any  disadvantage  to  IhemaDufac-  ges  will  soon  nullify  the  effects,  and 
tutiog  interests,  because  capital  was  make  that  busitiees  less  piofilable  than 
not  embarked  ia  it  to  any  considerable  others.  The  interests  of  all  clasaea 
extent,  and  the  renewed  and  increased  now  in  the  United  Statee,  require  that 
exports  of  agricultural  produce,  that  the  immense  surpltis  of  agTicaltntal 
will  inevitably  attend  an  enhanced  ex-  nrodace  now  here  anil  yearly  aceumn- 
temal  trade,  will  promote  ati  efTective  lating  through  the  indnslry  of  fonr- 
deinand  for  goods.  When  the  compro-  fiflhs  of  the  people,  woulil  find  sale 
mise  act  of  1833  was  parsed,  a  raaiti  abroad.  An  extensive  sale  of  produce 
argument  in  favor  of  a  gradual  ledue-  promotes  the  welfare  of  all  eonaamera 
tion  extending  over  a  period  of  ten  of  goods,  and  therefore  the  interests  of 
years,  was,  that  duTinc-  the  preceding  the  makers  of  those  goods.  The  num- 
four  years,  considerable  capital  had  ber  of  people  in  (be  United  Stales  U 
been  tempted  into  manu  facta  res  on  (be  now  not  far  from  19,000,000.  The 
strength  of  government  protection,  and  number  employed  in  cotton  mannfac- 
B  gradual  reduction  was  necessaiy  to  ture  ia  73,119.  The  quantity  of  cot- 
protect  them  against  loss.  The  effect  ton  consumed  last  year  waa  equal  to 
nf  this  was  two-fold,  vii.  to  prevent  406,079,220  yards  of  cloth,  and  (here 
farther  investments  of  capital  in  manii-  were  imported  16,682,130  yards,  mak- 
factures,  thereby  ensniing  to  those  ing  a  consumption  of  421,979,930 
already  in  the  business  a  monopoly,  yards,  or  22  yards  per  head  for  the 
and  to  induce  capital  to  embark  in  population  per  annnm.  Now,  if  through 
commerce.  Now  at  the  eipitation  of  large  sales  of  produce,  the  consomp- 
die  compromise  act  (he  latter  capital  tion  of  cotton  could  be  raised  to  30 
was  equally  entitled  to  protectioit,  yet  yards  per  head,  an  increased  demand 
Utterly  regardless  of  its  position  the  for  158,000, OOOyardswouldlakeplace, 
tarilT  was  advanced  from  a  love]  of  30  the  effect  of  which  woulil  bo  much  bet- 
to  36  per  cent.  The  uncertainty  which  ter  for  the  manufacturing  and  all  other 
has  attended  (he  present  tariff'  on  ac-  interests,  than  a  diminution  of  con- 
count  of  its  ultra  character,  has  pre-  sumption  through  iuabili(y  to  purcltase,  . 
vented  Iba  employment  of  capital  uo-  a«  has  been  the  case  1bs[  year, 
der  its  provisions.    So  far,  therefore. 


lizcdbyGooi^le 


Monthly  Literary  BulUtm. 


MONTHLY  UTERARY  BULLETIN. 


The  Idd;  looked'for  "  Nmrrative  of  iJie 
United  S(al««  Exploring  EipedMoa," 
dnria;  the  years  l&3S-fi,  by  Lieut. 
Wilkes,  is  naw  hastf  oing  towards  ils 
eomplelion.  There  arc  to  be  two  edi- 
tions of  Ibe  Tork  printi^,  and  U»^ued 
simuIlHuroDsly;  one  \o  consist  of  lire 
qaarto  Tolnmoe,  with  higbljr  Gnislted 
tied  engrSTings  and  nomeroas  other 
wood  illuEtrations,'  the  Dlfa^r  to  be  pro- 
duced in  the  octBTo  size,  inctudins:  alto 
tbe  plalei.  The  foritier  impresMoo  wilt 
be  Ijmilnl,  aad  ia  desiencd  Tor  dittriba- 
tion  by  Congreia  to  rorei^n  powers  and 
pnblicinMitaliofls;  thelaller  far  public 
circulation.  Lea  &.  Bianchard  are  the 
pDblishcrs.and  we  learn  thai  tbe  entire 
work  will  probably  be  ready  neil  month. 
This  Qoble  monument  of  axtialie  and 
seienliQc  skill  will  exhibit  a  muniGcent 
libcraliiyoDtbe  part  of  tbe  Unitn)  State! 
in  the  canse  of  geographical  science. 
It  will  be  issued  in  a  Btyle  of  superior 
magniGcence  and  beauty,  embracing 
sixty-eight  targe  steel  engraving,  forty- 
fix  exquisite  steel  Tignellea,  worked 
with  tbeJetler-press,  over  three  hundred 
finely  execuii>d  wood  cuts,  thirteen 
large  and  small  maps  and  charts,  and 
about  twenlj-fiTe  hundred  pages  of  let- 
ter-press. 

D.  Appleton  fc  Co.  are  preparing  for  im- 
mediate publication  M.  Micbelet's 
Complete  Histobv  or  FsANtE,  trans- 
lated by  G.  H.  Smith,  F.G.S,  ;  (ibe  first 
part  ia  just  ready.) 

BiTB.u  EcoHOMT,  translated  from  the 
French  of  Bouuaingault. 

HiCEWT  Imfbovehrntb  ih  Arts,  Manit- 
PACTUBE3,  AND  MiNEs  (being  a  Supple- 
ment to  fail  Dicliona:7),  by  Andrew 
Ure,  M.  D.,  with  neat  two  handred  en- 
Bravings, 

A  New  Dictionary  of  tbe  English  Lnn- 
gnage,  by  Andrew  Reid,  oTEdiaburgh, 

Tbe  ume  firm  hare  juit  issued  Mrs.  £m- 
bnrj>s  exquisitely  embeLithed  work, 
entitled  "  Nature's  Gems,  or  American 
Wild  Flower,  in  their  NaliTS  Haunts." 
11>i*  i(  generally  admitted  to  be  the 
gMn  boiMC  of  the  season,  and  i>  one  of 
the  most  elegant  specimens  of  bibliogra- 
phy yet  produced  in  this  country. 

"  The  Book  of  the  Army,"  and  the  "  BooV 
of  the  Indians,''  two  illustrated  volumes, 
by  Prof.  Frost,  haTC  also  appeared,  and 
inll  donbtleii  meet  with  a  ready  wel- 
come from  a  large  cl<us  of  readers. 


"Tbe  Eeepiake  for  1845,"  "id  "Tbe 
Rose,  or  Afiectjon't  Gill,"  are  qaita 
wortby  their  predecessors.  The  sane 
might  be  said  of  "The  Gift,"  "The 
Opal,"  "  Tbe  Literary  SouTenir,"  ftc., 
&,c. 

Of  the  Enclish  Annuals  for  1W5,  "The 
Dra wing-Room  Scragi-Book"  deserrea 
particular  notice,  fur  ils  atlraclions,  as 
also  '-  The  Keepsake,"  bath  general 
faroriles,  but  this  year  their  claimi 
seem  to  oulrie  those  of  former  volnmea. 

A*  we  have  not  space,  howerer,  to  enn- 
laerate  tbe  several  titles  of  IfaeM  ele- 
gant works  designed  for  presents,  we 
cannot  perhaps  do  a  more  acceptable 
service  to  our  friends,  especially  those 
who  reside  in  the  cily  sod  suburlv,  than 
to  advise  a  visit  to  the  beanliful  and 
costly  display  of  these  literary  treosnrec 
to  be  fonnd  at  the  ettablishment  of  otir 
worthy  publisher,  Mr.  Langley,  No.fi 
Attor  House,  where  not  only  every  va 
ritty  may  be  obtained,  but  combined 
with  this  the  advantages  of  economy. 

Velpean's  great  work  on  Surgery,  edited 
by  Dr.  Mott,  the  first  volume  of  which 
has  been  so  long,  though  onavoidably, 
delayed  for  the  receipt  of  valneble  re- 
cent material*  Irotn  M.  Velpean  and 
others,  is  nowready,Bnd  comprises  what 
ittectinicaDy  styled  MinorSnrgery.  It 
is  accompanied  by  numerons  finely  ex- 
ecuted wood  engravinits.  The  two 
remaining  volumes  will  follow  in  course 
of  the  spring.  ■  (H.  G.  Langley,  pub- 
lislier.) 

Mr.  Owen,  of  Cambridge,  has  in  press  a 
new  little  volaine  by  Longfellow,  enti- 
tled "  The  Wnif,"  a  collection  of  fngi- 
live  poems.  New  editions  of  his  other 
poetical  works  are  also  jasi  -ready  ; 
some  in  illnmineled  coven, 

Ur.  Lowell's  Poens,  which  have  been  so 
favorably  reviewed  by  the  British  preo, 
have  passed  into  a  Lhinl  edition.  He 
has  also  a  new  prose  volume,  "  Conver- 
sationi  apoo  the  old  English  Poetsaad 
Dramatists,"  nearly  ready. 
Dr.  Guy's  "  Medical  JaritpmdeDce,'* 
which  has  been  so  long  delayed  for  the 
publication  of  the  third  pari  in  London, 
ia  now  rapidly  passing  through  the  preia 
of  Langley,  who  will  issue  the  American 
edition  of  this  valuable  work  forthwith, 
embodying  macb  additional  matter  from 
the  pea  of  Dr.  Charles  A.  Loe. 
E.  Dunigan  has  in  press  a  new  woik 
team  the  aceompUthcd  pea  tt  Dr.  Cm- 


Google 


!■».] 


Mont/Uy  LUtrary  Bulletin. 


Btantioe  Fite,  eatitled  "Skint  I(|:DatiDi 
mud  his  Gnt  Companionk"  W«  hear 
this  will  be  an  elegant  volume* 

The  cheap  "  Douay  Bible,"  by  the  «me 
pnbliiher,  is  in  eonise  of  pnblication. 
The  Hlh  number  is  now  odI— 24  will 
complete  the  work.  It  is  beautifullj 
embelliibed. 

Mr.  Griiwold's  "Poets  and  Foetrr  of 
England,"  which  has  Just  appeared, 
will  be  welcomed  as  a  rich  CDntribalion 
of  poetic  gens-  This  wleetion,  froDi 
the  writings  of  the  British  Poets  of  the 
age,  differs  from  all  it*  predecetMrt  in 
more  than  one  impoitant  particalai, 
and,  if  on  noolher  aeeount,  ii  etpeci- 
allj  Talnabie  as  eompriiii^  the  beat 
tpeeimens  of  manj  of  the  minor  poets 
of  the  present  daf  not  generalij  known 
this  side  the  AUantic.  Such  i*  the 
critical  aenmen  discovered  in  these  le- 
leclions,  that  scarcely  a  page  is  to  be 
fonnd  bnl  is  redolent  with  beauties,  and 
the  volmoe  itielfmay  be  regarded  as  a 
galaiy  of  literary  pearla. 

«  The  Pietoria!  Definer,"  by  Miss  Ocmer, 
accompanied  bj  about  one  thousand 
CDtt,  is  to  appear  in  a  few  days,  Irom 
the  pcess  of  J.  C.  Hiker. 

Jl  new  work  by  Dr.  Thomas  Cick,  aaihor 
of  "  Celestial  Scenery,"  &c.,  entitled 
"Practical  Astronomy,"  is  now  in  press, 
and  will  be  published  limaltaneously 
by  Harper  k  Brothers,  New  York,  who 
have  purchased  an  early  copy  of  the 
anthor  at  n  liberal  price. 

Carey  &.  Hart  will  publish  "Thiers' 
Life  of  Napoleon;"  having  pnrehased 
the  right  to  an  early  copy  from  the 
French  publisher,  who  pays  M.  Thiers, 
it  is  said,  fiOO,000  francs  ($100,000) 
for  the  copyright.  The  American  pub- 
lishers will  issue  editions  both  in 
French  and  English,  simullaneoullj 
with  the  Paris  publisher. 

Mr.  Hnwkins,  of  Quebec,  has  in  press  a 
new  and  improved  edition  of  "Guide to 
the  Canodas,"  a  work  of  good  repute, 
and  in  fact  the  only  one  of  any  note  de- 
scriptive of  the  British  provinces.  Que- 
bec indeed  owes  this  gentleman  no 
mean  obligation  for  the  ostiduilj  and 
dilitPDl  i a V est i gallon  he  has  bestowed 
in  collecting  historical  and  antiquarian 
information  respecting  that  famoas 
cityi  famous  among  other  things  for 
liBving  been  the  (ite  of  the  heroic  death 
of  the  gallant  Montgomery,  n  monu- 
ment to  whose  glorious  struggle  he  hot 
erected  recently  on  tfie  very  spot  where 
be  fell,  and  whjch  is  important  as  occn- 
tatelj  deterniniag  a  question  hcictelbre 
iomewhat  io  doubt. 

&uton,  Feiree,  &.  Co.,  Boston,  have  just 
iMned  loma  beaotiliil  Utile  •pecimens 


•91 

of  literary  Kjoaltriti  "The  LoreGiff 
for  1S45,"  being  an  elegant  selectioii  o 
poetic  gems,  mostly  from  the  early  wri- 
ters, of  a  chivalric  and  amatory  class, 
embellished  with  an  emblazoned  title- 
page.  Also  a  series  of  miniature  vol- 
ume*, consisting  of  poetic  selections; 
aad  •  novel  and  well-written  volume  of 
n  moral  and  religions  kind,  entitled 
"The  Tongue  of  Time,  or  the  Lan- 
guage of  a  Church  Clock,"  by  Rev.  W. 
Harrison ;  IVom  the  second  London  edi- 
tion, with  frontispieee  representing  the 
dial  of  Westminster  Abbey. 

In  the  November  nnmber  of  the  SlwfWn 
i^iicrarjr  Afessnger,  we  observe  in  a  p«- 
per  entitled  "  Detullor?  Notes  on  De- 
sultory Headings,"  some  very  unjust 
and  illiberal  remarks  upon  the  respec- 
tive claims  of  "  Dr.  Copland's  Diction- 
ary of  Practical  Medicine,"  in  connec- 
tion with  the  republication  by  Dr. 
Donglison,  of  "The  Cyclopo^ia  of 
Practical  Medicine."  Now  everybody 
is  aware  that  Br.  Copland  is  the  most 
eminent  living  instance  of  self-sacri- 
ficing assiduity  and  devotion  to  medical 
science  in  the  world,  baving  spent 
abonl  twenty  years  of  his  life  on  this 
herculean  performance ;  whereas  the 
latter  has  earned  his  reputation  mainly 
by  his  adroitness  in  collecting  and  ap- 
propriating whatever  may  be  deemed 
valuable  in  the  joint  labors  of  the  whole 
medical  profession  of  Europe.  It  ia 
true,  the  latter  has  tiut,  a  facnlEy 
which  generally  brings  its  emolument, 
but  a  discrimination  should  be  made 
between  an  allribute  of  so  subordinate 
a  kind,  and  the  undoubted  indications 
of  Iroe  gtniui,  coupled  with  the  most 
patient  and  unwearied  mental  indnstry. 
Dr.  Copland's  Rreat  work,  which  is 
now  in  coarse  of  rejmblica lion,  under 
the  editorial  supervision  of  Prof.  C. 
A.  Lee,  will  become  an  enduring  mon- 
ument of  the  colossal  labor  and  won- 
derful ability  of  its  esteemed  author; 
and  we  are  happy  to  know  that  his 
work  is  now  rapidly  approiimating  to 
so  desirnble  a  consummation. 

Two  or  three  new  magazines  are  an- 
nounced for  the  year:  Mr.  Simnu' 
Southern  Monihly,  a  political  and  lite- 
rary work.  A  new  can  did  nie  for  popu- 
lar favor  is  rumored  to  be  fortbcoming, 
under  the  editorial  auspices  of  Parle 
Benjamin  ;  and  a  new  Mries  much  im- 
proved of  "Sears' Family  MaEazine," 
based  on  the  plua  of  Cbnmbers'  Jonr- 
nal,  the  Londnn  Penny  Magaiine,  and 
other  works  of  their  class. 

New  edilions,  finely  embellished,  of  two 
favorite  Juveniles  have  just  appeared  j 
"  Bebin  Bocd,  and  hU  merry  ferttltrt,'?-^ 


oog  Ic 


MoiUlity  Literary  Bulletin. 


[Dee. 


with  brilliaDtly  colored  plates;  and  Ibe 
"Arabian  Nighti  EatertainmEntR," 
abridged    for  youth,    w'"' 


The  New  Tori  Mercantile  Library  Asto- 

eialion  bss  aear);  read;  for  publicnliuD 
a  oev  and  eniDpIete  Caialogae  of  its 
highly  Talaable  collection  of  Book*. 
An  Dillon  embraciax  the  many  impor- 
tant additions  to  (he  Library  aince  the 
last  eataloguewBs  iisned  is  much  want- 
ed, and  the  new  one,  we  nndersland,  is 
10  be  full,  pre«tse,  and  carefnlly  ar- 
ranged. 

A  leeoad  part  of  Mr.  Schooleraffs 
"Oneota,"orRedraeeorAiaerica,  their 
history,  traditions,  en  atoms,  poetry, 
pictnre'Wrilin;,  Jic,  is  now  ready;  the 
intereat  inereases  as  the  work  progresa- 
ei,  and  we  are  happy  to  learn  that  its 
potnlarity  is  also  rapidly  extending. 

Hie  Primilive  Cbureh,  or  ibe  records  sad 
crent*  of  the  early  history  of  the 
Chnrch— is  the  title  of  a  forlheoming 
Tolnioe  in  the  prest  of  Mr.  W.  Dodd. 

John  S.  Taylor  fe  Co.  have  in  preaa  the 
following  1—"  The  Rochite,"  a  tale  by 
Charlotte  Elizabeth;  the  Collected 
Poems  of  the  same  )>opnlar  aalhoresa, 
in  one  volume,  printed  nnilbnnly  with 
their  cabinet  series  ot  her  works.  Tbe 
•ane  firio  have  just  issued  a  handsome 
library  ^itioa  of  Blair's  Sermons,  the 
Sye  Tolumes  of  Ibe  Bngliab  edition 
complete  in  one  octavo  volume.  The 
eloquent  and  classical  author  of"  Lec- 
tnret  on  the  Belles  Lettres  and  Kheto- 
rie,"  cannot  fail  of  being  a  most  wel- 
lome  guest  with  every  lover  of  polite 
teaming.  Whether  we  regard  these 
finilhed  productions  as  models  aC.  ele- 
gant diction,  for  their  pure  and  elevated 
religions  sentiment,  or  as  admirable 
Snoday  readings  for  the  family  fireside, 
we  know  not  a  better  volume  that 
conid  be  named.  We  are  happy  to  find 
that  at  last  a  publisher  has  been  fonnd 
to  appreciate  the  riches  of  such  a  wri- 
ter, and  to  give  them  to  the  community 
at  so  moderate  a  cost. 

An  extended,  grxtd-nalund,  and  Interest- 
ing article,  has  recently  appeared  in  the 
•'  Colonial  and  Foreign  Review,"  on 
American  works  of  fiction.  After  re- 
viewing the  EagliVi  school  of  romance, 
the  writer  refers  to  the  leading  novelists 
of  onr  own  land,  meting  out  the  mea- 
■nre  of  praise  and  censure  sccordjn;;  to 
the  nnqn est :on able  standard  of  Englith 
exeellenee.  Irvinj  enjoys  the  highest 
rank,  and  is  deemed  unexceptionable ; 
while  the  merits  and  demerits  of  Cooper 
ate  freelv  discussed.  Willis,  Mrs.  and 
Miss  Eedinsick,  Mrs.  Leslie.  Mrs.  Cla- 
Ttitj  and  tspetiallj  Uawlhorae,    re- 


ceive very  flatterini;  commendatiooa. 
The  reviewer  says  of  the  latter,  "He 
has  caught  the  irue  fantastic  spirit 
which  somewhere  or  other  eiists  in 
every  society,  be  it  ever  so  ulitilariatl 
and  prieiical,  liakina  the  seen  to  the 
unseen,  the  matter-of-fact  to  the  imagi- 
native. To  such  a  mind  the  common- 
est Ihinqs  become  suggestive;  the  old- 
est trnths  appear  clad  in  a  new  garb  of 
'  grace  and  pleasure.'  He  ha*  a  vein  at 
temperate  and  pnetienl  elegance  of 
imagery,  the  like  of  which  is  possessed 
by  none  of  onr  writers  of  prose — Hn. 
Sonthc)  perhaps  excepted.  Aa  a  re- 
eonnter  ot  mere  legends,  Mr-  Haw- 
thorne claims  high  praises :  he  reminds 
US  of  Tieek,  in  spile  of  the  vast  differ- 
ence of  material  used  by  the  two  art- 
ists." Lavish,  however,  as  our  critic 
is  ia  his  awards  to  a  few  of  the  promi- 
nent pens  of  America,  he  fails  not  to 
rebuke  onr  neglect  in  leaving  nneiplor- 
ed  those  vast  aod  almost  inexhaustible 
treasares  of  romance — the  half-buried 
cities  of  the  peninsula  of  Tucalan,  and 
the  almost  eqnally  extinct  red  men  of 
onr  forest  wilds. 
Kn  interesting  accoont  is  given  in  tbe 
Z^ndon  firif  onaiii,  of  tbe  recent  literary 
soiree  of  the  Messrs.  Chambers,  (he 
well-known  publishers  of  Edinbnrgh. 
Some  200  were  prexenl,  inclttding  Mr. 
and  Mn.  S.  C.  Mall,  Prof.  Simpaoa, 
Br.  Samuel  Browne,  and  others  of  lite- 
rary repate.  The  rapid  and  astonish- 
ing rise  of  the  hrothere  Chambers,  a 
almost  wLtbont  a  parallel;  aboat  a 
dozen  years  since,  they  were  composi- 
tors in  a  printing  office,  now  they  are 
the  proprietora  of  one  of  the  larxeM 
establishments  of  the  kind  in  the 
world.  Their  warehoasea  are  so  ex- 
tensive (hat  the  bindery  alone  will  ac- 
commodate some  200  persons :  the 
bnltdingaare  tlevtnttmiei  in  height,ht- 
ing  sitaate  on  the  tide  of  a  hill.  Each 
floor  is  appropriated  to  a  paiticnlar 
branch  of  the  business;  the  composi- 
tors' room,  the  press-room,  the  stereo- 
typing department,  the  binding,  pub- 
lishing, and  the  editorial  rooms.  The 
circulation  of  Chambers'  Editdmr^ 
/oumni  fi  ninety  thoosand  weekly; 
thirteen  thonsand  of  their  Cydoptdialf 
EngliA  LiltralvTt,  and  of  their  Bd*- 
cational  Stria,  some  fifty  thousand. 
The  total  quantity  of  printed  sheets 
issued  of  their  several  pnblieatiooa 
were  estimated  at  about  Ktm  millifu 
annvalli/.  Clowes's  marvellous  eaub- 
ITshment  connected  with  Charlet 
Knight's  poblicalions  in  London— 
which  is  the  largest  in  the  world- 
Chambers'  in  Edinborgh,  and  HarMt^ 


Google 


Uonlhly  Liierary  Builttin. 


in  New  York,  form  the  great  roanlain- 
h««d  of  the  OHTtut  lilcratore  of  tbe 


*.*  It  is  with  aofeigDed  TGRret  thst  we 
notice  Ibe  recent  deceKse  of  Ibe  weJI- 
knowD  Buthwr  and  medical  pnctiliuDcr, 
Dr.  Sainoel  Forif,  of  ttiis  cit).  His  ca- 
reer m»  B  writer  in  physical  KieDcewas 
at  brilliant  ai  it  hai  been  brief,  hit  age 
beinglhirlr-tbreeyeara.  FewhaTceatDed 
sacl)  diBtingoiibed  repotation  in  bo  ihort 
a  space;  to  whOM  aJrdDoui  labora  even 
the  renowned  Homboldt  ha«  avowed  hi* 
obligatioa,  rercrriag  to  the  palienl  itodr 
and  toil  eviaeed  ia  hi>  able  prodQction  oa 
the  "  Climate  of  the  United  States,  aal 
ill  Endemic  laflaence!!,"  be.  We  are 
gratified  to  find  bo  generous  and  iponla- 
neoDB  a  demonstration  of  respect  to  his 
memory,  made  by  hii  proreaEianal  breth- 
ren, in  the  proposed  erection  ofamonn- 
menl  over  his  graTC  in  Greenwood  Ceme- 
lery.  At IhelastmeetingofiheNeirYorlE 
Historical  Society,  a  tribute  to  bii  meatory 
was  also  spoken. 


The  following  work  of  M.  Thiers,  his 
"History  of  Ibe  Consnlate  and  the  Em- 
pire," beini-  the  Sequel  to  his  "Me- 
moirs of  the  Frencti  licTolntion,"  is 
eagerly  songht  nnei  by  the  Loudon 
pablishcrs.  Bentlcy  and  Colbarn,  usu- 
ally sworn  to  rivalry  in  tbeir  business 
operations,  each  annoance  its  transla- 
tioo.  The  former  pays  for  lbs  priority, 
however.  There  is  a  third  edition  ad- 
Tertised  by  Whitrnker. 

Hr.  Uiclfeni'  new  Christmas  book  is  en- 
llUed  '■  The  Chimes !  a  Goblin  Eiory  of 
somcBclls  that  rang  an  Old  Yearout  and 
B  New  Year  in."  It  will  appear  forth- 
with, and  be  republished  bere  in  a  do- 
zen different  forms,  and  within  twenty 
days  of  its  appearance  in  London. 
second  volume  of  Mrs,  HamiltDn 
Gray's  "  History  of  Etruria,"  has  juit 
been  issued  t  also  a  new  novel  or  two, 
■viz.,  "Hampton  Conrt,  an  Hislorieal 
Romance;"  "The  Chevalier,  a  Si>- 
manee  of  the  Rebellion  of  1745;" 
"The  Lawyers  in  Love,"  by  the  Author 
of  '•  Cavendish ;"  "  HiUingdon  Hall,  a 
Tale  of  Country  Life  ;"  another  from 
the  pen  of  M.n.  TmllDpe,  entiiled 
"Young  LoTB,"  which  is  now  issued  ; 
alio  a  new  prodnciion  by  Praser, "  The 
Dark  Felcott,  a  Tale  of  the  Altruck." 

('The    Siariei    and  CorreBpoBdence  (tf 


Lord  MBlmesbarr,"  edited  by  his  granil- 
ton,  the  present  Earl,  which  the  Sptc- 
fator  considers  among  the  moil  inter- 
eating  and  valuable  dneumeaU  that 
have  recently  been  published. 

The  first  volame  of  the  "  Nelson  Papers" 
has  also  just  appeared,  in  a  handsome 
octavo  volume.  Two  more  will  com- 
plete the  work. 

Another  work  of  ibis  class,  "  Thtt  Lift, 
Proi;reis,  and  Rebellion  of  James  Duke 
ofMonmODth,"  &c.,by  George  Roberts, 
ii  00  the  ere  of  appearing. 

The  first  volume  of  Professor  F.  H.  WD- 
son's  Continuation  of  Hill's  "India: 
Bokhara,  its  Amir  and  it*  Peoplp,"  a 
timely  work,  from  IheRnsaianoIKhan- 
ikoff.  , 

Borrer's  "  Journey  from  Naples  to  Jem- 
salem,"  and  De  Bode's  "  Travels  la 
Jurislan  and  Arabislan,  being  a  Toor 
through  South  Westen  Persia  in  IMO- 
41,"  are  abont  also  speedily  to  be  il- 

Mr.  Lever  (Harry  Lorreiiuer)  has  aaothn 
serial  wherewith  to  begin  the  year. 

"A  Guide  for  the  Over-Lend  Traveller  to 
India,  via  Egypt,"  by  Capt.  J.  Barber, 

"  The  Currespondence  and  Despatebes  of 
the  Great  Duke  of  Morlborongh,  from 
1702  to  1712,"  edited  by  Sir  George 
Murray,  ii  to  be  speedily  produced  in 
six  octavos,  uDifonnly  with  the  ■■  Wel- 
lington DcBpatehes;"  bIeo  Ibe  "Me- 
moirs and  Currespondeoce  of  the  late 
Sir  Hudson  I.owe,  the  Scale  Keeper  of 
Napoleon,"  edited  by  hit  Son. 

"  Memoirs  of  Father  Mstleo  Ripa  dnring 
Thirteen  Years'  Residence  at  Pekin  ;" 
and  a  "Narrativeof  the  Voyage  of  Dis- 
eovervbyCaptaio  Roil,  in  the  Southern 
and  Antarctic  Seas,  during  the  yeorv 
1S30-43,"  in  which  some  disclosnrcs 
are  said  to  conflict  with  portions  of 
Captain  Wilkes's  forthcoming  produc- 
tion, are  also   among  the  latest  an- 


The  present  pnblishiog  season,  indeed, 
teems  with  historical  and  biogrephieal 
works,  far  beyond  the  average  of  soch 
prodoctiiins.  We  observe,  in  addition, 
the  following: — 

"The  Correspondence  of  the  Right  Hon. 
Richard  Hill,  En  voyEilraordiaarylVom 
the  Conn  of  St.  James  to  the  Duke  of 
Savoy,  in  the  Reign  of  Queen  Anne," 
edtledbyRev.  W.Blackley. 

Lord  Mahon's  long-promised  "Life  of  the 
Great  Conde,"  is  obout  to  appear ;  and 
a  curious  work  from  the  GermaD  of 
Dr.  Lappenber^,  Keeper  of  the  Ar- 
chives of  the  city  of  Hamburg,  on  the 
early  history  of  Great  Britain,  entitled 
"  England  under  the  Anglo-^BXon 
Kings." 


Google 


MmtUy  J*leranf  BulUlia. 


[Dec. 


Hn.  Jamewm  if  enraged  in  i  new  work, 
"  Legindiof  the  Saint*  and  Mnityn,  at 
itlntlrnted  br  Art,  from  the  earliest 
Age*  of  Chriilianitr  to  tbe  pi««ent 
Time." 

Rcr.  £.  Sidney  bu  jn*t  completed  n  "Lire 
of  tbe  late  Loid  HilJ,  witb  Extract* 
rrom  hii  MSS." 

Tbe  foUowing  are  aUo  among  tbe  late 
annoaneement* : — 

"Tbe  Tbeogonr  of  tbe  HindoM,  with 
tbeit  S7«ein  of  Philtxophr  and  Cosmo- 
gony," bj  Coanl  Bjoroitjerna. 

«  Tbe  Hlitory  of  Socjetjr  in  England  dur- 
ing the  Middle  Age*,"  bj  T.  Wrigbt. 

"TiaTcla  in  India,"  &e.,  f^omtbe  Ger- 
man of  L.  Von  Orlich. 

"  The  Komea  and  Hannlt  of  tbe  English 
Poet*." 

"The  World  of  Wander*,"  hj  Albany 
Pojinti. 

"  The  Fate  and  Fortnnes  of  Margaret 
Catebpole,  a  Canvict." 

"The  Crescent  and  tbe  Crow,  or  Ro- 
nanee  and  Realities  of  Eaatero  Tra- 
»el,"  bj  Wtrbnrlon. 

"AdTealuret  ofan  OlGcerin  the  Bengal 
Senice,"  bj  Capl.  Lawrence  ;  te.  &c. 

Id  addition  to  the  foregoing  we  hare  aere- 
ral  novelties  in  science  and  tbeology, 
irliieb  our  limit*  forbid  onr  qaoting. 
Vft  will  cite,  hoWBTer,  a  few  more  title* 
from  the  never-failing  founts  of  fiction, 

"Agincourt,"  an  Historical  Romance,  by 
James;  a  subject  ■!  which  hi*  pen  will 
beou/oit;  "Tbe  Deerhunlsi"  "Mar- 
ried at  Last,"  by  the  Author  of  the 
"Busybody;"  "  Lady  Cecilia  Farren- 
cDurt,"  by  Henry  MUtoa;  "The  Ro- 
man Traitor,"  by  Herbert;  and,  wears 
bappy  to  add,  Mancur's  historical  tale, 
entitled  "The  Pulais  Royal,"  an  admi- 
rable work,  which  has  for  the  most  part 
already  appeared  in  tbe  London  Miiro- 

Je«se,  the  naturalist,  hnta  new  volume  in 
press,  entitled  "Anecdote*  of  JJt^." 

Archdeacon  William*  announce*  "The 
History  of  Great  Brilain,  from  the  ear- 
licat  period  to  tbe  Norman  ConqneaL" 

Dr.  Wigaa  ho*  a  curious  production  JutC 
ready, — a  new  view  of  insanity,  which 
will  attract  much  notice,  entiaed  "The 
Duality  of  the  JVf  ind,  proved,"  Ice. 

Dr.  V.  A.  Browning  has  jost  ready  a 


"  Namlive  of  the  benefits  nf  menial 
cnlture  on  board  a  Convict  Sbip." 

Col.  Slennan,  of  tbe  Bengal  Army,  lira 
finely  illnstrated  volotne*  of  "  Ramble* 
and  ReeolleclioBS  in  India." 

Knight's  weekly  rulnmet  are  becoming 
eiceedingly  pnpniar,  ai  tbey  deserve; 
taving  in  the  exception  of  "  Mr. 
Craig's  *ketehe*ofIiteratare  and  learn- 
ing in  England,"  whose  nnmeroo*  er- 
rors, tbe  Ltierars  Giatltt  has  been  *t 
some  pain*  to  chronicle  in  black  and 
while. 

Grant  has  alio  a  new  work,  <*  Imjiref- 
sions  of  Ireland  and  tbe  Irish,"  which 
is  jnst  ready. 

Albert  Dnrer**  "  Fataion  of  onr  Lord," 
ba*  been  rc-prodnced  in  a  style  wbick 
is  even  superior  to  tbe  original,  Inis- 
mneb  as  tbe  ptales  are  a  /ae-tntdk, 
eleetratyped  ftim  Albert  Oarer's  own 
block*,  which  are  preserved  In  the 
British  Mnienm;  while  tbe  prinliv; 
and  paper  is  perhap*  all  tbe  better  for 
modern  improvement ;  albeit  connoit- 
kenrs  might  not  think  so.  But,  "in 
effect,  we  have  here  a  piclnre-book 
published  in  London  in  tbe  19Ih  cenln- 
ry,  wbicb,  300  years  ago,  was  popular 
in  Germany  aod  Italy,"  The  lype  and 
binding  arc  in  keeping;  and  the  book 
is  a  great  curiosity :  eipensive,  bnlyel 
costs  aboQt  one-twelfth  of  tbe  price  de- 
mended  for  an  original  copy. 

Punch's  "  Pocket-book  for  lS45,"  ii  said 
to  be  very  clever  aod  saicBBlic;  4000 
copies  were  taken  up  on  tbe  day  ot 
pnblicaiion,  by  the  London  trade. 

A  new  work  by  A.  Thierry,  is  nnnoancri, 
entitled  "  Namtivea  of  the  Meroiingi- 
an  Era,  or  scenes  of  tbe  6lb  centnrr." 

A  little  tome,  with  beaatifulillaitnitianf, 
i*  now  ready,  entitled  "  The  Poetn  ^f 
Flowers,"  ooiform  with  the  "Senli- 
ment  of  Flowers, "  to  which  it  it  de- 
sinned  us  a  seqacl. 

Alarlc  Walts'  long  eipeoted  embelli^lied 
volume,  "Lyrics  of  the  Heart,"  wiU 
soon  appear  exquisitely  adorned  <ritb 
engravings. 

The  first  volume  of  John  Foster's  "His- 
tory of  the  EBglisb  people,"  »•  al" 
about  to  appear, 

Leigh  Hunt  has  a  new  volnm^  enlilled 
"  Imagination  and  Fancy,"  being  selec- 
tioo)  from  tbe  best  Eagltth  pocls- 


lizcdbyGoOl^Ic 


JVwOtm'*  CtlOntei  Lint,  ^t. 


TalhiEilldtoribtDcnnmkKevtew:  "Ii  wa  In  the  nontti  af  Jne,  I7S1,  Ihii  ha 

petftirnied  Ihsl  etirbniCed  viprrtinpnl  by  srfalch 

De«  Sia— Ii  Is  well  known  lh«t  yon  S^Ttain'lT^hedmW.Vi^iCr-lS  whl^ 

tie,  uo^rio,  thoroughly  vened  in  the  hu-  ui«  dcmwnilc  pcxttiu  croKDed  hiia— 

woitiiiw—msyltalie  the  liberty  of  ■Eking  ,._,,,,           ,       „„         „_..„... 

of  yoD  who  WBS  the  «ulbor  af  the  following  '  ■*'^'«'"  f"""^"  """  "P""'"  "T""!^ 

famooi  Uoe,  which  has  beon  !»  i-liro™'/  Hrn.  the  urniagwneDl  of  Mr.  Sparkg  it 

^^i"  Sr""*!^^  ""S'-ted  with  the  fime  ^^            ^^^  ,^^  »  ^;,  ,,j.  ^^^  ,;^^  ;,  ^j^^^ 

of  FrankLn  I  (^  ^  .,  demoenilic  poet."    The  EJinburgh 


■ppllrd  lo  Ifr.  FrwklUi  ky  M.  Tuiyoi,  ud  of  Your*,  Se, 


luij-iuiut  u  IUU.W.,      i~     1      J  ^j,^  ofhi*  j»3l«.    It  ttBy  be  tlul  there  ■• 

no    douht    about    Ihe   qnettion    aaioiif 
■cbolara. 
1  r        I.      »    -11-     .    T.  1-  Here  tre  it  least  three  crei!il»bl«  au- 

to a  l=lt"  frem  0'-  PranWin  to  Fell    neritie,,  however,  whosedifferen.e.n™ 
fi^'^ltZ^n^M*  a™"i!r  «""?,«]      '"*  «"««'°°  counltnanee  my  donbl..   St 
■  uia   un  .    jgddj-j^pj^  therefore,  I  Iruel,  may  nol  be 
eateemed  Ihat  criiia  ignoraatia  which  is 
unworthy  of  entightenmenl. 
Ird  lo  ~br.  Frniklli  I17  H.  Tunol,  ud 
Ji  ki  ki  mM  to  hita  bctn  the  anihoi^ 

'Erlpall  colo  falBen,  Kcptnmqas  lyrannlt.' 
TlM«iftiia]i»ecp(l«wiapn>taMTnnnti4l>]r    thoM  bafBe  the  reseaTch  and  tha  ii 

present  inatance.     The  aulhorily  of  the 
•EiJpidiJaTiriJiD«,TiiagHioaaDdl.--'  Edinhnrgh  ReTJewer  referred  to  need 

acarcelj  embarrass  the  matter.  He 
And  does  /Wmm  precede  or  follow  ea-  etidenily  qHotea  from  memory,  and 
10;  Thii  cannot  be  determined  by  the  miBqnolM  ir  aoch  a  manner  ai  to  do- 
meuure^  It  i.  therefore  comparatively  pri,e  himself  of  ranch  weight,  by  c-- 
5n.mp0nat.tMu  mere  li.er^  qnesljon.    ^artin^"  eneu./"  into  "  arri™>7.*''a 


;;rsi«i;e„ionw;;idUir^;".;  "^'"^  rr"  '■rL""''"'\":h^ 

if  it  conldl^  found,  and  would  also  letlle  "■'"•"  ^^""^   'P<"'"  t^ie  ««"<«''?  'h* 

•  imaU  bet  which  is  now  pending  thereon.  <'''»"?«  "^  ^^^  prepoemon  in  the  com- 

Lord  Bnraghsm,  in  a  speech  made  in  P*™""*  "'*•■     Franklin  cerliinly  look 

theHonseofLaTds,in  183B,  on  the  East-  (o  himself  neither  the  thunderbolt  of  th« 

ern  Slave  Trade,  ascribes  this  line  to  aa  *k;  nor  the  sceptre  of  the  tyrant,  in  the 

ancient  aulhor.    He  says  1  act  of  snatching  them  away  (rapere). 

In  ignorance  of  the  source  of  the  fa- 

"I  h.Te  Hftea  hetid  It  diapited  utontcriUu.  miliar  quoWlion,  ihe  Reviewer  evidenl- 

^^M«ei«T.'^«b"  wVrS;^^^  ly  infe"  Ihat  he  must   be  Home«de- 

UinnraKd,  iDd  ihgpsim  iiKiiFriiiy  (WBiiieii  lo  mocralic  poet,"   from   [he  sentiment ; 

Ota'.^-  '^'""^  *"  Dr- Franklin  th.  iiM  In  and  by  thus  designating  him  at  rwidom, 

woiks  round   the   embarrassment    for 

•Eripoit^hm  ea2s,ioai  Kipiraiyniinii.'"  his  name.     Our  careful  correspondent 

having  ranaaehed  the  pages  of  Clan- 

—         .,,  . ,  dian,  and  the  improbability  of  such  a  CO- 

.J'L       ,'^"t       ,  J"  "       ■  S  i.cM.».=  i..li™.fhl.,iihib.ki».»i, 

arranRemenl  DiSnarlia.    I  have  elamined  ,-        ■     ,,       .   .  >.  »      ■- 

Chudian  with  some  care,  hut  have  failed  ''"?  '"  "">  Aslrcm^,eon  of  Manilms 

to  verify  the  line  in  any  ofhis  works,  and  i>e>ng»ogre^,ve  areledlotheinference 

u  Brougham  has  made  mUtakeB  before  In  '""  ^'°  Brougham   most  also  bare 

classical  malter*,  I  venture  to  believe  that  eommilted  one  of  Ihe  mistakes  not  very 

lie  ascribes  the  line  to  the  wrong  anlhor.  unfrequent  with    that   most    versatile 

In  the  lut  Edinburgh   Review  ii  an  of"  Jachs  of  all  trades  ;" — a  supposi- 

•rlicle  npon  Thunder  Storms,  in  which  tion  certainly  confirmed  by  ihestrange- 

tfae  following  allusion  it  made  to   this  nesa  and  improbabiiily  of  the  latter  half 

P"*»g« :  ofhisline,  "max  acepiratyraonia."  The 

TOL.  XT. NO.  Lxxriii.  42 


Google 


m$                             rrwmib^tCtititwlKiUm.  4^  [Dm. 

•rfriirfF>tr<Erin?S*«'(«jtak*waa  alw™«^ (•  V ^*^— »— in* ewiii  ••ei  » 

fri^iuitj 'Jijt  :     t»  -j-jt  G'r'n^vm»:h^  emu*3a:»m'w' jwat-rw  wi»  »^Tn  mn- 

•f ''.3wl2a'-4«T«  u  »  .3i>.W  •-..fit  »*  c«'.T«rf.  V^..-«  Faiit  1  iLr^ac  X  :a  i:« 

kaM.vJ.a.-^.  -M  w.-^'rf'Ji^-'.r/.ft,''  ••  s  km  »  K^r-A-T  it:-'  j-.;  .-.z^'n- 

tn  W1.-.T1  V"  «r»4  "  it'-jfit  Eea/<  4  *,*fnt.    kcj  <yae.  ^r'.^  u«  ..ns-.t  Uu u  >»ji«w 

ni,"    tM!t  at  fir:*.T.  T  uvr*  tiv;a  m  f;T^n.     T;;^  »c^  .--ii.r  m  :--?    -^  rf 

t^  ffittifi^.t  tn -x-iiU!.     Tieefinata^  Mv.. -w  U  ti--i  :     I;  r^*;*  tit  K^ti^i- 

ftt^r.u  M   ^   M   la   th*  f--.,.'rt»-j»7.  m  f.t.  »■'.*«   ;7...i«>T-^T   «»;  fz^st  xat 

briMJ  ill ifj*: J  wwfite »K».i*(  :6«  ^''i*-  »»;;■'';»  ■''  '-*:-.-?  »ii  :^«  e>=e=:j  ;il 

«f  im.nj   nym  UW  itQQ4eAci«  aad  It  w  J&^  -jt.  •»  ■--Jt  iw  n-jj  be  iaH  to 

■KftndfJvte:  liaTetor»/fs™  Ai»  i«  ;ia».^>ii:;.- — 

"b^pra-nv;   m'mtnU  prf—,  rmMitiU    '"'--- T'  '-^'-' .  — -i.ii  iiiin 

twrw  di, 

Kkna*  -.  r»^/Umat  MqrfrsHfx  Tj-  El  vcaia  avaUiia  rnacrMt,  •■itbw  if- 

rfcaM."  BO. 

Thu  MflkMmTj  Mtiln  the jxiint  th*t  The  lut  Iim  beirz  tt^uJ  Iraa  ac- 

Broa^bMn**  l.ri<  U  not  ffiiD  Clao-^izo  ;  wtrj,  mxj   w>t  peitapa  he   ja  ifiii  ilj 

iadtrfitiwlnittj  of  tbe  fa«t  of  iu  maoi-  •ecnme. 

fart  mnirm  eharain«r,  soil  of  there  be-  Aa*KDereideTnaTp«Tfatpafeelnni- 

W  M> refBrenea  to  it  io  tti«  Index.  Mu(o*e«ih«tiaiuUii»iuilua)aTebeea 

In  s  liat  of  medils  Mmek  in  boDor  of  auempted  of  Ihi*  <rdehnl«l  and  nmcb- 

Tnnklio,  in  Mr.   Kforlu'  9th  toJ.,  p.  kM  tioe,  ««  innachlw  tbone  pre*  t> 

H9,  tiiere  are  two  beaiing  this  moUo,  VLt.  Spoxha'a  Dote  alrewly  tefened  la. 

^-bMb  French,  and  both  engraved  Iqr  Inthe  A/oMiMeirfef  Af>ie<of  1780 — 
]>D)n£,  one  in   ITM  aiu]  the  oibec  in 

17B5.     Jo  tb«  former,  the  obrerie  bM  "Cet  baaime4MtBii>ii,ntGMe^iav 

*  bead  and  boat  of  Franklin,  kia  lock*  >«  tcnw, 

flo»iii|t  down  o»er  the  •bonldera,  wilfa  »*«*«  ■"  Diew^in  foodrc  et  k  M^lie 

Uie  legend,  "  B«n/.  FaAaauH  NATtra  •"  'I"»^ 

Btnrrua, XTii.fJAM.  MDCCti. ;"  aodlbe  — .     ,„      .      .   „,.,      . 

rere»«  ba*  the  figare  "t  an  Angel  The  foOiwwg«.D  A]erf»ert*«iwn^ 


Maodirtg  with  one  baod  pvinliog  tc    ..._ 

lif  blning  in  the  clonda,  and  the  other  «  To  *ois  le  nge  cMraoeoi, 

to  ■  broken  aceplTe  and  crown  nt  fail  Doot  I'hearent  el  male  teate 

feel ;  in  the  bsek-grotiDd  a  temple  with  Arracba  1e  toaaefre  am  dicax, 

S  lighlning-conduRlor,  and  the  leKcnd  Et  le  leeptre  a  la  Irnnue." 

la    qoeation,    "  Eripuit  ealo   fuimat, 

—  trumqut    Ij/rannit."       The  other  The  fallowing  paraphrattie   k  ww 


di^r7 


■  from  thia  onl^  in  omitting  the  from  an  ankiiown  bind  :- 
rnijiel,  ^-1  the  admirable  legend  alone 

being  eurrounded  with  n  wreath  of  onk  TranliliD  tat  arrjlerla  fiwdre  dan*  li 
learei.  ain, 

A  model  WM  attock  in  Philadelphia  Et  e'en  ie  motndre  Uen  qa'a  Jit  i  «•  pi 
by  the  direciion  ur  Joteph  Saniom,  in        ,     ^''^  < 
imiUlion  of  lhi«.ha»ir)gon  the  obrerM        An  milieu  de  climew  diren, 

a  bu«t  of  Franklin,  with  the  legend,  in  „  ^l ^,^'lt'M;  1^"'^, 
tranaliiion  of  the  abore,  "  Lightning  ™<™""-    ••  •   ^ 


n    flt  lezncr  leaut*,  leimteon^el 


.,.n.d,  l,nn.,   ,™Urf ;"    .„d   «.       E,„'i,.i,'ii™,„j.„f„ir..l«n." 

Uu     rnrnrmfl     an       American     Jleaver  ■■«■•• 


fnawing  down  an  oak-tree,  iTmbolieal 


It  waa  libewiie  tranilated  ii 


olaraiion  of  Independence.  '  '^ 

.I^Sm"    hI'T"  '-k  """'"*?<•■'    "He  nalehed   the  bolt  from    hea«ii's 
which  Mr.  Hpark.  aicnbea  the  author-  aven^nghand, 

ahip  of  the  line  to  Targot.     Ita  own    Diaarmed  and  drore  the  tjnut  fiwn  Iha 
Utemu  eTideoce  pro*ei  it,  aa  remarked  land,"  .^  , 

j.itizsd.vCOOglC 


NEW  BOOKS. 

Tkt  Ladji  of  tht  Lakt,  m  Poim,    Bf  Sir  Memoir  bj  Wuhinglon  Xninf,  aod  >b 

Walter    Scott.      Illniinted  edilioa.  extract  from  JefTre]''*  article  id  the  BdJn- 

Philadelphia  :  Catej  k.  Hart.    IS44.  barEti  BcTicw  in  1809,  on  "  Gertrude  of 

Wyomiiig,"    Thew   additions  giTe  it  a 

Verilf,  il  i«  a  treat  worthy  of  special  value  aaperior  to  that  of  tbe  Engliih  edi- 

note  Bad  tbaolts,  to  aee  an  edition  iuae  tion  from  wbich  ihey  are  vaniing, 

from  tbe  American  preu,  in  accb  latii-  Of  courie  criticism  faas  no  proper  place 

factory  rivalry  of  the  mo»t  elt^ant  En|[-  in  a  Dolice  of  Campbell's  works.    Thejr 

lith  Ijpo^rapby.     Over  paper  of  unior-  have  been  classical  looor  pareots,  asthe; 

passed  fineness,  whiteness  and  thielinegs,  will  remainsotoinany  a  generation  of  our 

tbe  fair  Urge  type  winds  its  pleasaoi  way  ebildren.     We  speak  of  those,  al  least, 

ai  a  narrow  stream  of  |Hnnt  ihroagh  a  which  conttitQie  the  Ime  legacy  of  hia 

broad  "meadow  of  mai^in."    The  lUos-  genias  and  its  true  expression — eielnding 

tnttions  are   namerous,   being  beantifnl  silently  from  the  account  the  "sorplna- 

steel  engrBvings  for  the  most  pan  of  the  age,"  which  it  is  (o  be  regretted  must  fill 

higheit  degree  of  fineness  of  the  art.    It  a  considerable  space  in  any  complete  col- 

is  to  be  hoped  that  the  successor  theei-  lection  of  all  bis  wriliag*. 

periment,  in  a  liberal  sale  of  Ibe  edition, 

will  be  sneb  ai  to  make  it  the  pioneer  to  

a  long  sequel  of  American  issues,  on  a 

similar  scale  of  typographical  beauty.  TimaoaJio,  or  (Ae  Tf^arrion^  UtGnttM.* 
Certainly  do  more  sniiable  bwlc  conid  be  ^  leU  of  At  Sntnltealn  CenluTy,  By 
•elected  for  the  pnrposes  of  tbe  approach-  W>.  H.  C.  Hosmu.  New  York :  Wi- 
ing  scawn  of  holiday  gifts.  ley  k  Putnam.  Rochester;  D.  U. 
Dewey,2  Arcade  Hall.  1844.  IZmo. 
pp.  139. 

Tkt  PaitiealWorlaofTlumaiCampitn,  TbiiisanarrativeanddescriptiTeiioelii 
cotDplctei  wiihaMemoirofthe  Anthor  in  the  oeto-syllsbie   measure  so  lempt- 
by  WASHiHOTON  Ibviho,  and  Remarks  ing  to  tbe  pen  by  it«  proverbial "  fatal  la- 
npon  bit  Writings  by  Lord  JErriET.  cilily"  of   sinielure    and  rhyme.     Mr. 
With  niuslrations.    Pbiladelphia :  Lea  Kosmer's  chief  purpose,  in  the  choice  of 
and  Blancbard.    IS49.  his  subject,  was  to  enable  him  to  depict, 
on  the  canvass  of  his  verse,  the  scenery, 
This  is  a  handsome  reprint  of  the  com-  and  varions  monnmentt  of  the  old  Indian 
plele    collection   of  Campbell's  poetical  litoe,  of  bis  natire  region  tbe" Pleasant 
writings,  of  which  Ihepoel  himself  super-  Valley"  of  the  Genesee.    The  period  of 
intended  tbe  publication  a  few  montbi  be-  tbe  tale  is  in  the  summer  and  autumn  of 
fore  his  death,  which  look  place  in  June  1687,  that  of  the  memorable  attempt  of 
last.    Being  the  onl;  complete  American  the  Har^nis  De  Nonville  (tbe  "Yonnoa- 
edilion  of  bis  poems,  it  cannot,  of  course,  dio"  of  the  poem,  as  he  was  styled  by  the 
fail  of  an  eitensive  sale ;   as  Ibis  mult  be  Indians),  under  pieleil  of  prevenliog  an 
the  form  in  which  the  wide  circle  of  hit  interrnption  of  the  French  trade,  to  plant 
admirers  will  desire  to  possess  and  pre-  the  standanl  of  Louis  XIV,  in  the  bean- 
■erve  them — superseding,  indeed,  former  tiful  country  of  the  Senecas.    Totbein< 
incomplete  editions,  even  though  the  lat-  cidents  oF   tbe  narrative  itself  no  very 
ter  may,  in  truth,  contain  all  tbe  poems  particular  interest  attaches, — the  flowing 
which  hsve  given  Campbell  his  recog-  monotony  of  the  measure  adopted,  with 
niied  rank  as  one  of  the  high  etnssict  of  tbe  unrippling  smoothness  of  the  versiA< 
tbe  language.     II  is  illustrated  with  a  cation,  not  being  verr  favorable  to  tha 
beaaliful    mezzotint,   by    Sartain,   from  preservation  of  Ibe  reader's  close  atten- 
Thomas  Phillips' well-known  portrait  of  tion.      These  disadvantages  require  in- 
Ibe  poet,  painted  for  Murray,  tbe  publish-  deed  to  be  compensated  by  all  tbe  con- 
er,  scarcely  less  celebrated  than  tbe  great  densed  force  and  vivid  bcanty  of  style, 
names  wbich  have  made  at  once  his  for-  which  made  Ibis  measure  at  one  time  so 
tune  and  his  fame.     There  are  nameroni  popnUr  in  the  pages  of  Scott  and  Byron, 
woodents  scattered  through  tbe  volume,  to  the  misr>rtune  of  so  many  whom  its 
in  tbe  finest  style  to  wbich  that  art  has  very  racitity  has  templed  into  the  danger- 
been  within  a  few  years  carried  in  Eng-  ons  and  diflicnit  eoiDlalion  of  those  mo- 
land.    Tbe  edilioD  is  accompanied  wiih  a  dels.    "  Yonaondio"  contains  nnmerofl 


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,  _    .„.i  of   nrach  Imnl;  «in1    gnphie       A^*i 
power,  altestidg  Ml  ioluiMte  habjloreoni-       -J^^ 
Binoioii  oaihe  pari  or  ihe  anUor  vith  the       nlzbL^ 
Natare  i(  ii  bis  tabor  of  lore  to  paint.       fs™*  '*°™  ^ 
Tiic  ponpof  J 


Tlwiulp«riitTbII< 

"Atucm.loiBiul) 
The  IhrTf  batlvd 


At  Boon,  lo  IBlUh  ■  llfbL  \\\»*. 
■BtHlwtrM! 


•■  A  IMUIUW  ■•ke  It  Dm  Cinullcr. 

Thj  foldn  broocb,  of  eo«Iy  pOcR  '        JS!i'ibe"irolU™'fa^?»'irtm 
l»  Jim  wiih  IM  nJiint  w»«e  eoiniiand.  Thr  f«iful  hub  of  hei  UuiiD(  w 

Bd«d  bjF  ■  hRHd  aid  -iTerj  Mi  i,  ,wdrf  op  her  prrr  br  fue, 

y""""™"^  °»  "«  ■ranJ ;  "  We-Uue  >bI  oa  >  lUla  ti> 


A^  to  d^KniK  ilKCI  of  uan  ti»  An*  of  niofy  ■»£< -tit.  ■uMok, 

t'  ■^^•if  *^^  U'",'?'"'' ■'  ri-.  BarriTor  of  Hn  Imeherr, 


Acbuehcrr. 

Who  e|r(4  hli  kslfi  wkfa  u  on*  lo< 
Boaul  Iha  halt  hrr  Ibiccn  li(liU|r  wiehib 
TIk  (IMItrJaf  WMpoa  itae  uubeallK*— 

Aaoltacr.— and  ike  pvple  lido 
Gaiba4  from  h(r  win  euKoi'i  ildl 
WHO  Icaptd  like  ■  muidediut  uU  fiid. 


Or  wbiua  of  mnhu  ob  tlw  cila. 
CoDld  DMlian  nnwd  Don  wilJaStA 
Aaitd  Ui  Unto;  fhn  4»d  of  b^^' 

Wnmihi  fegr  a  band  b  ftaHl 


Hto  ear  ao  raltlt  oTiniMit  eanclu, 
Moilldlac  iboal  a  nnHof  biwuhl 

WhUa  euw  th«  Hengwe  bud. 
Tod  lata— (do  lua  u  fliHt  or  tit 

Wu  rBB|  tho  kaHl  sf  hk  uetgnt  p 
ffii  lip  nnhd  fonh  an  nllylH  UT, 
~        uanilRr  Yn  oalr  woka  u  dl« 


it  iha  aolnm  nldnt^i 
_    gMakWkor-"-'-"— " 

nil  ilui Dm 


In  gon  hM  kDiu»lH>ld.codi  w 


In  ^rjpit  hb  barial- place  wu  anked, 
And.  ligkrini  np  the  mUBiifat  beoTaa, 
To  duM  wen  Itae  ban  of  hbe  paople  iIts. 

"Thoafh  till  aaka  fell  Is  itaHr  Unglr  prtda, 

TheeanqnernreaTeda  ■reiaUhii  leaf; 
OfUmlln'eelan  all  darkly  dlrd 

Orihdr  bniTp  bnl  luckliw  chief. 
Mora  darned  Dpnn  a  OfirtiifnJ  aeiiia 

ThaCaaadfeetB  nuufaiBaiari 
Bai  hlood  wBi  oa  IM  BiBiflB  inaa— 

A  tribe  vaa  iirept  away. 
Oalhe  blnckened  ille  oTb  town  deabvr«4 
"""  a  aoodl)*  meal  en)i>f at. 


Gl™,  Kreaa  ud  loienwlBg  rack' 

ATtfocDoerfellbefon. 

The  fonn  of  the  fuHltTe  npbon. 

And  ID  hei  aetlTe  ftnt  nre  wIiie. 
TI»afk&«lwefe  tbaldaad^oi^  «I«ri«. 

"lo  TBia  the  fofemoat  nmner  lUabMd, 

Por  Onx»-)ee.  enlkag,  lalned 

AellCbej^dthencboffoc, 

Thu  beetled  ow  the  iBk.  betom 

Oa  Itae  mned  hoaie  of  her  Irihe  the  pMi; 

Waved  ber  aTeaitBC  atn  oa  h^— 

-rsi)SX^-Z.^ 

•  Baee.  ««tTla«  can  r-go  back,  go  beck. 

^  ilT  aealp  to  -W  rV^^aprfnA.! 

Co  be.ce.  Bod  lODk  for  Hitki-nB.- 

The  remailied  trow,  ind  ihe  laieB  tuA 

A  dime  ibon  hhn  croak  !- 

Keomie-  of  the  wblulOK  tUna 

Of  ralerilH  lalBUv  rouad  ber  (<«. 

taplortn,  ere  *e  then  np«*, 

And  a  low.  nnimriil  deaih-bTiaB  ■!(: 

OnWII.Bdfh™HookedherlS, 

One  glaaee  Bpaa  the  watM  can. 

ABdfronih.tU(ta  nick  .(.»«. 

■  A  war  Itam  hDodnd  rean  hin  tnn 

SlDniheMBB 

Bnl  wlwi  old  Nt^I  It  on 
And  vara  irnop  forlta  ber 


And  tbe  wolf  ealled  rotlh  her  whdp*.  ta  itaata 

That  baniivet  red,  ftom  her  (loamr  lilt.  Belated  winderen  ba 

FnmthedlnerinK 


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