Circular of the Maryland Agricultural College

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Maryland Agricultural College

ISQO.

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I'.ALTIMORF, :
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18!)0.

Mar ij I a lid Agi'i culture I College.

CALENDAR FOR 1890-91.

September 2j — Tiiesdiiv — Exiuniiuitioiis for admission.

Septembe7- 2^— Wediiesdny — Full Term begins, 9 A. ]\I.

Thiiteen AA^eeks.

Decembe?- 2j>— Tiiesdav— Fall Term ends at H P. M.

January 6 — Tuesday —\\ inter 'iVrm begins, !> A. jM.

Eleven Weeks. #

Alarch 2j — Winter Term ends at noon.

CEaster, Alarch 21»th.)

Afar eh ji — I'nesday — Sjiring Term begins, 9 A. M.

'I'welve AVeeks.

/luie 24 — Wed nesday — < J radiiation I )ay.

Spring Term ends at sunset.

June 25 — Thursday — Examination for admission to the College,

the followinir Autunni.

Ma rij/a lul .dgricultLifal College. '>

BOARD OF TRUSTEES.

Members Ex-Officio under State Law.

Pliy Excellency E. E. JACKSON, Uoveriwr,

PRESIDENT OF THE BOARD.

Hon. WiM. PINKNEY AVIIYTE, Aftonunj General /
Hox. L. VICTOll liAUCTlIMAN, ComptrolJer of the Trcasitnj. \
Hon. IJOIiEirr F. JiRATTAN, PresideiU of the Senate.
Hon. JOHN HUBNEh', Speaker of the House of Delegates. 3
Hon. EDWIN H. BKOWN, State Treasurer. i

^ Members Elected by the Stockholders.

Hon. J. CAHKOLL WALSH, Jernsalem Mills, Harford Co. i^
Hon. WILMO'J^ JOHNSON, Catoiisville, l^altimore Co.
CHAS. H. CAIA'EKT, Es(^, Agricultural Colloi-o, P. C. Co.
ROIVEKT A. DOBIHN, Esq., St. Denis, Haltiinore Co. h

ALLEN I)0D(;E, Esq., Washington, J). C.

Members by Executive Appointment.

'I'crm lvx]>ires.

GEORGE \{. WILLLS Esq., ^13 Courtland St., Hallimoro. 1S'.)3

Dk. CILVS. A. WELLS, Hyattsville, rrincc George's Co. \^\n

Col. F. CARROLL GOLDSIU)ROU(iH, Eastern, Talbot Co. 1894

DAX'ID SEIIU^irr, Es(^., Clear Spring, AVashington Co. LS94

JEREMIAH I'. SILVER, Est^, (ilenvillc, Harl'ord Co. 180H

WILLIAM 'V. lVrEI)LEK\ Esq., L.altiniore. 189H

Jf Maryland AgriciUtaj-aJ College.

FACULTY.

HENRY E. ALVOKD, C. E.

President and Lecturer on Agrieiilfnre and Hidori/.

THOMAH N. CONKAI), A. M., M. Sc,

Professsor of the Principles and Pracfim of Agriculture.

DICE MoLAKEN, M. So., B. D.

Professor <f Natural History.

JOPIN D. Hirtl), A. M.

Professor of Chemistry.

KICHAKIJ H. ALVEY. Jk., A. V>.,
Professor of Language a)id Literature.

W. H. ZIMMERMAN, A. M. .

Professor of Physics and Acting Professor of German and French.

ALBERT B. SCOTT, Lieut 13th Infantry, V. S. Army,

Professor of Military Science and Tactics and Acting Professor of

Mcdhematics and Drawing.

*W. HORACE SOPER, Registrar.

Rrof. ALVEY, Librarian.

*DiL'il Octolicr 25th, 1SS9.

Maryland Agriculiif ifrl ( 'o/lcge.

o

LECTUREHS.

F. L. KILlJOPiNK, l'>. \. ^.

U. S. BiLVcmi of Animal Indndry.

IX'Ctlircr on Comparative Aiiatoiny of Doiiitstic Auiinals and Veterinary Science cnul

Practice.

M, (J. ELLZFA\ l\. I)..

Vroprktor of Earnsrliffi' Siork Ficnn. Woods/ui-l:, Md: fovoKrhj
Professor of AgricuJivre, Vir()ivi(( Af/riciiJfiiral Co/lefje.

Lecturer upon the Principles of Preeilini; Domestic Aninu-.ls.

C. lIx\KT MKIUMAM, M. 1)..

Vliiif of Division of OrnitlwJo<iy, r. S. Dcpfrfnimf of Af/ricdJ/urc.

Lecturer on the IJircls and rkianuniils of America in their Rekitions to AsrricuUure.

GEOKGE P. MEKIULL, U. S.,

Curator Dcpt. of Litliology and Physic(d Gt'ajnqdiy, U. K Kalioiud

Museum.

Lecturer on the Practical Aspects of I'hysical Cccgraphy anci (ieolcsy

0FFICEM8 OF THE

Maryland Agricultural ExpcriniGntal Station

CONNECTED WITH THE f;OLLE(;E.

HENllY E. ALVOIM), (J. E.,
HAKEY J. PA^rTEiJSON,

CJll«>llli>:t.

WILLIAM H. BLSIIOP,

■Hortiovxltiirist.

ALBEirr L IIAYWARl),

-A-ii'i'ioi ilti ii'i:-;r.

ERNEST H. BPJNXLEY,

jN'Iaolii iii><t.

DAVID B. PERRY,

St<.'iiojsi'ai>lier.

(}

Mar [flu I id Agi'icidtitval College.

Catalogue- of iTuoE-MTS

I'OR TH1£

Session of 1889-90.

/AMMKN, UIASSES GRANT,
V AMMKN, FRANCIS DUrONT,

ANNAN, DANIKL, JR., - - - -
BKSI<KV. 1-RKl) WILSON-
BRANCH, CHARI.HS, - - - -
BROOKS, JOHN DOSHlCK,

^' cAi.vKR'r, divORc,]-; hi;nrv, jr., -

CAI,VJ:kT, RICHARD CR]:AGH M., -
CHKNV. FRANK. - . - . .

CHILDS, NATHAN, -----
CONI.I';v. CHARMvS HlvNRY,

i)Achi>;nhai'Sf;n, ali-;xandf;r yon.

I'ISHKR. JOHN cordon, -

Foss, ALLISON archi;r

FOSTHR. i:d\VIN HUNTKR,-
GALL(JNVAV, HOWARD BURGIvSS.

gambrill, sTF;rnFN warfifU-d. -

(iAMBRII.L, WILI-I.\-M GORMAN.
G1:orGF:. JAMF:S BIvRNARD.
CiOLDSBOROFGH, :\IATTTn;\V T, Jr..
GRAFls GrSTAVIS /.KNY1:LL.

Amineiidale, I'rincc Georijcs Co.

Aniinciulale, I'rincc GcoiKe's Co.

Cuiuberland. Allejjaiiy Co.

Ash (irove, F'airfax Co., Ya.

IvlHcott City. Howard Co.

Brookland, D. C.

Asricnltaral College, I'rincc Gcora;e',s Co.

Ajiricniliiral Collcvjc. Triiicc George's Co.

Baltimore.

Highland, Howard Co.

I-'airland, Montgomery Co.

>Yashington, D. C.

Syke.sville.

Wa.shington, D. C.

^Vashington, D. C.

Baltimore.

I,anrel, I'rincc George's Co.

La\ircl. Prince George's Co.

I'recdoni, Carroll Co.

Faston. Talbot Co.

Dcrwood, Montgomery Co.

/

HKDGKS, SA.MIJU. IvDNVARD,
HOBIJTZETJ., FRAI^IK NVEIDRRMAN

JACKSON, THOMAS LAMAR,

JANNEV, JOSEPH RTJJOTT, -

JOHNSON, 1<:D\VARD DARLINGTON,

" K]-:ECH. \VILLL\M SCOTT, Jr., -

LANc.Li'V, j.\M}-;s cj,ari;nci-;,

J,ATLMJ-:i<. J.\Mi;S r.K.WVNEK.

LAT]M^;K.TIIO^L^S i:i>\VL\.
y^L\NNINC., CHAKLKS CHICNEV, -

Me]JOXAI,D, T11<j:\L\S Hl-.NToN,
^ NILES, EDWARD (iRANT. -
Vl']vNN, Sr, ------

KAV,JAM1-;S ICNOS, Jr.,

RIND. R()1?1';hT C. KIlvRSON.

krssia.L. RoBivKT Li;i;,
si;ii{i;RT, ■a',\l'j"i:k s'i"i"avart,

Slv.MMl'S, RICHARD :\I I DDLI' TON. -

shi;r:\l\n, hi;nrv cL.M'i',

SMITH, i-ri;di;rick joiin,

V SOLIDS, cL.\Ri;xci; I'll. di;r.

\ 'I'oNvi'.Rs, lanvki;nci-: barton,
1
i vi:iTCH. it^i:tchi;r i']-:arri;,

V NVILSON, ROIilvR'l" CORDON,

Cuinl)erland, Allejfaiiy Co.
Myersdale, I'enn.

IJurnt Mills, Montgomen- Co.

15iiohton, Montg^omcry Co.

Acjricnltural College. Prince George's Co.

Towsoii, lUillimore Co.

Scollaiul, St. -ALiry'.s Co.

I'ort Republic, Cal\(.-rt Co.

Jialliinore.

Ha;4ersto\\ 11. Washington Co.

Potomac, IMontgoniery Co.

NVashington, D. C.

Seoul. Corea.

NVashington. D. C.

Haltiiiiore.

Wasliington. D. C.

Clear >Spriiig'. NVasliino'ton Co.

Cumberland. .Alleg.'iny Co.

.\sh <".rove, I'airfax Co.. Va.

Washington, 1). C.

;\IcKeesi)iirt, Penn.

Denton, Caroline Co.

I,a>lons\iIl(', Montgomery Co.

Denton, Caroline t.'o.

<s

M(( /'///' ffjid Agi'icultuTal College

GRADUATES OF 1890.

irrCIIARl) C. M. CALVERT, W. S.
WILLIAM SCOTT KEECII, Jii., B. S.
CHARLES CHENEY MANNING, R. S.
EH WART) (Hi ANT NILES, R. S.
ia)F>EHT LEK IHTSSLLL, R. S.
CLAKENCE ELDFJi SOLES, R>. S.

GRADUATES OF 1889.

TIIO^^AS D. CRIFETTIL R. S.
l^OliERT M. RINDELL, Jr., R. S.
NEIIEMIAH R. SAULSIUJRY, R,. S.
FRANK WITMER, 1^. S.

GRADUATES OF 1888.

sa:^iuel i\i. chamrliss, a. r.
mela in c. iiazen. r. s.
leonard r. johnson, a. j*,,
william a. sicleh, r,. s.
rorert e. smith, r. s.

ALIiERT C. TOLSON, A. K
JITLIITS ^^. WLEMS, B. S.

Marijland Agii cultural College. 9

HISTORY.

THE MARYLAND AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE

Was the second of its kind, still in existence, in Aniericii, to open
its doors to students, and the iirst and only one established by the
voluntary contributions of public-spirited citizeiis. The charter,
"to establish and endow an agricultural college in the State of
Maryland * * * in which the youthful student may especially
be instructed in those arts and sciences indispensable to suc-
cessful agricultural pursuits," was granted in j\[arch, 185G, being-
more than six years before the Iirst 1^'ederal legislation for a similar
purpose.

As a foundation, about live hundred liberal residents of Mary-
land, most of them directly interested in the agi'icultural property
and progress of the State, together with a few non-residents, sub-
scribed the amount necessary to purchase the farm and erect the
first buildings. Subsefjuently the State made special appropria-
tions to the College, which are still continued, and this institution
receives the benefits of the Congressional land grant to jMaryland,
under the act of July 2d, 18G2 ; also the ai)propriations under the
act of Congress of March 2cl, 1887.

LOCATION.

njIIE COLLEGE is located three-fourths of a mile from College
Station, Prince George's Co., Md., on the Washington Branch
of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. Numerous trains daily
afford easy communication with all points. College Hill, on which
stand the principal college buildings, is a beautiful eminence, over-
looking wide stretches of country. The surrounding farm em-

10 MaTTjlancl Agricultural College.

braces two hundred and eighty-six acres, forty of which are wood-
land, and a large part of the remainder is nnder cultivation. The
conformation of the farm and diversity of its soil offer excellent
opportunities for varied agricultural operations, and this, together
with the beauty and healthfulness of the site, admirably adapts
the location to the purposes of an educational institution of this
character. The city of AVashington is only eight miles distant ;
this proximity to the National Cajntal gives the College exceptional
advantages in the valuable aid which it derives from the libraries
and scientific collections of the different Departments of the Gov-
ernment.

POST-OFFICE.

rFsIIE post-office address is Agricultural College, I'rince George's
^ Co., Md. Telegrams and express matter should be sent to
College Station (B. and O. E. IL)

BUILDINGS.

rTsIIE main building, standing in the midst of a fine grove of
^ forest trees, is a massive brick structure of six stories, one
hundred and twenty fe(5t long and fifty-four feet Avide. It
possesses accommodations for one hundred and fifty students,
apartments for professors, class-rooms, chapel, museum, library,
reading-room, armory, parlors, dining-room, and the necessary
offices. The dormitories are sj)acious, well ventilated, and heated
by steam. Well-water, forced to ttinks in the attic, is supplied to
the several floors by a system of pipes. Careful provision is made
for the maintenance of the proper sanitary condition of the building.

Maryland Agricultural College.

11

The Chemical Laboratory, a separate brick structure close to the
main building, has been recently thoroughly refitted. It is furn-
isln.'d with Avater, steam and gas, and with all the apparatus of a
well appointed laboratory.

The Gymnasium, another detaclied building, erected for the'
purpose, affords opportunity for liealthful exercise and muscular
development.

The President's residence occupies a fine site a few hundred
yards from the college.

The Agricultural Experiment station has its offices and working
quarters in the substantial brick structures, formerly known as
" Itossburgh," now completely renovated, and situated about a
hundred rods from the college buildings, in the midst of the fields
especially assigned to experiment purposes.

12 Maryltuul AgricultiLral College.

DEPARTMENTS OF STUDY.

npiIE Act of Congress creating the endowment of State Agricul-
^' tural Colleges was passed July 2d, 1802, and is entitled "An
act granting jinblic lands to the several States and Territories
which may provide colleges for the benefit of agriculture and the
mechanic arts."
as follows :

The aims of a college thus originated are defined

" Its leading object shall be, without excluding other scientific
and classical studies, and including military tactics, to teach such
branches of learniug as are related to agriculture and the mechanic
arts, in such manner as the Legislatures of the States may respec-
tively i)rescribe, in order to promote the liberal and practical
education of the industrial classes in the several pursuits and pro-
fessions in life."

In accordance with this " act " and corresponding legislation of
the State of Maryland, the trustees of this College recognize their
obligation to provide here, first of all, for thorough instruction in
" those branches of learning which are related to agriculture and
the mechanic arts."' They have not yet been able fully to realize
their hopes and purposes, but they are assured that the plans they
have now devised will effect a steady advance in this direction.
The members of the Faculty are men chosen with special reference
to their iitness for duties in an institution of the character above
indicated. The course of study has been changed in certain im-
portant particulars to adai)t it more perfectly to the " leading-
object " of the College, and so far as means are available all appli-
ances which are correspondingly called for, will be provided. It
is not intended that the time of the students shall be occupied
with the ordinary labors of the farm and workshop, but that, ac-
companied by their instructors, they shall spend certain fixed por-
tions of the day, at suitable seasons, in the fields or stables, observing
and performing such operations as may illustrate the teachings of
the class room in the department of agriculture and instruct in
their proper execution.

Mavylaiiil Agricultural College.

13

But while these brunches of learning will be thus strongly em-
phasized, " other scientific and classical studies " will be included
in the course as heretofore, so that a "liberal" as well as a "prac-
tical education " may be within the reach of the " industrial
classes " to lit them for " the several pursuits and professions in
1 ife." Instruction in military tactics Avill be given also, as by law-
required.

Experience has proved that the course of instruction oifered at
this and kindred institutions, forms an exceptionally good prepara-
tion for those desiring to pursue later professional studies for law
or medicine, often saving a full year of time at the expensive pro- /
fessional schools. And the range of study here is so broad, truly
liberal and thoroughly practical, that the graduate is well fitted
for general business.

AGRICULTURE.

/

Agricultural property in the older States has depreciated in
value in recent years, and it is generally admitted that the success-
ful and profitable pursuit of farming is more difficult than in for-
mer times. The changed condition of aifairs is recognized l)y
every one. Active and increasing competition, loAver prices for pro-
ducts and higher rates for labor compel greater economy on the
farm and a closer study of the markets. A greater diversity in
crops and stock is found advisable as a rule. The owner, renter or
manager of agricultural land needs to apply less physical strength,
but more brain Avork, tlian in years past. In short, it is now
almost universal] v recognized that the business of farminn' and
gardening requires a si)ecial prepai'ation and training, or in otlier
words, a ."Special cdiuxttion for its successful pursuit, just as is found
necessary for other gainful occupations.

The Maryland Agricultural College aims to supply this i)articu-
lar line of education. It does not expect one of its students or grad-
uates to perform the manual labor of the farm any better than if he
had never attended college. But it does enable him to understand
better the reasons for such labor, and the right time and method
of its application, — to judge of skilled and unskilled labor and
manage it economically and wisely, — to understand the principles

IJj. Maryland AgricultiLral College^.

of the construction and use of labor-saving appliances so as to
select and operate tliem with judgment, — to know the natural laws
and their modifications, which should govern the cultivation of the
soil, the production of crops and rearing of domestic animals, —
and the many ways in which modern science can he brought to the
aid of agriculture, by preserving the natural fertility of the earth,
restoring the productiveness of worn lands, and by improved
methods enlarging the returns, while lessening the area and cost of
productiou.

This class of instruction is not only becoming a necessity to
those who must obtain a livelihood by furming, but it is equally
useful and profitable to the retired merchant or professional man,
the inheritor of large estates which have been impoverished by
long continued cropping, and the lover of nature and country life,
whatever may be his special occupatiou. It is a training in the
observation of natural objects and practical affairs which proves
useful in all the walks of life, although especially adapted to those
who have the ownership, use or management of agricultural land
and country property.

In the effort to realize thes« aims and purposes, the laboratory,
museum, library, stable and fields are used to supplement work in
the class and lecture room. Practical illustration or object lessons
go hand in hand with theory and the teachings of science. The
Agricultural Experiment Station, provided for this State by the
Act of Congress approved March :2(1, 1887, has been established
upon the college farm, and although a distinct branch of the insti-;
tution, it adds greatly to the facilities for agricultural instruction./
Finely equipped, with a corps of scientific workers, the operations
of the station, in original investigations and practical tests and ex-
periments, prove interesting and instructive alike to the student!!
of the college and to all engaged in the progress of agricultura
and horticultural affairs.

In short, the Maryland Agricultural College will be conductei|
in accordance with its name and original object, as described in itS|
comprehensive charter, and the subsequent legislation, both State
and National, which so clearly defines its special purpose. |

NATURAL HISTORY.

The varions branches of study which are embraced in this gene-
ral title are of the first importance to one who is constantly sub-
jected to the laws of nature in the operations of farm and garden
Among these brandies are climatology, geology, mineralogy, botany
zoology, and comparative anatomy, and entomology. It is the pur-
pose to teach these according to the latest researches of modern
science ami by the most approved and practical . methods. A
knowledge of these subjects is equally essential to the physician
and of great value to the lawyer and the business man.

The unsurpassed collections in Washington, at the Smithsonian
Institution, the National Museum, and the Department of Agricnl-
ture, all easily accessible, are of the highest value in connection
with the instruction in this department. ^

CHEMISTRY.

The CfTEMicAL Department has been thoroughly reorganized
and et'juipped as never liefore in its history. Its new quarters af-
ford excellent facilities for practical work. Each student is pro-
vided with ii laboratory bench, together with all needful apparatus
and re-agents, for the condition of Avhich he is held responsible.

Inorrjanir Cliemi.^try. — The facts and principles of general chem-
istry must be mainly acquired in the study of non-metallic ele-
ments; hence special attention is paid to this introductory work
before proceeding with the no less important study of the metals
and their application in art and industry. Daily experiments illus-
trate the subjects under discussion.

Analysis. — Qualitative analysis of both simple and mixed sub-
stances is taken up during the Sophomore ^av. and blow-pipe
analysis with dermination of minerals and ores at the beginning of
the Junior year. Qualitive analysis, both gravimetric and volu-
metric, is also included in the Junior year. Agricultural chemi-
cal analysis is made an important feature of the course, and

If) Mctrylancl Agriciiltural College.

comprises the analysis of commercial fertilizers, fodders, feed-
stufTs, water, milk; also the detection of adulteration in farm and
manufactured products, and the examination of soils.

Organic Glteinistry. — A few series are studied exhaustively, a
general survey of the field following, special attention being paid
to compounds of interest on the farm. The laboratory work of
the Senior year consists of the practical application of chemistry
to agriculture.

MATHEMATICS.

The study of mathematics is pursued only so far as the distinc-
tive aims of this institution require, the course conforming in gen-
eral to that adopted in the most approved Agricultural Colleges.
The Freshman year begins with a review of Arithmetic, special
attention being given to its application to the daily affairs of life.
This is accompanied by a brief course iu single entry book-keeping.
Algebra is then taken up and completed by the middle of the
Sophomore year. Geometry, Mensuration, Trigonometry and Sur-
veying follow in the Sophomore and Junior 3^ears. The field work
in surveying will afford much practice in the use of chain and com-
pass, transit and theodolite, surveying and leveling. This practice is
continued in the, Senior year with application in running old farm
lines, mapping farms, dividing lands, highway surveying and road-
making, with cuts and fills, draining and water works, louring
this year, also, the elements of Civil Engineering are taught with
a consideration of the strength of materials and the general prin-
ciples of building and construction.

Drawing is, for the present, assigned to this department, and ex-
tends through three years, being taught in its practical aspects,
rather than as an artistic accomplishment.

PHYSICS AND MECHANICS.

The course of Instruction in Physics and Mechanics .aims to
make clearly understood the principles of the differeiit mechanical
powers and the physical forces of nature and their industrial ap-
plications.

The method of instruction is by means of recitations and lec-
tures acconi})anied by experimental demonstrations.

The students of the senior class are re({uired to take notes of the
lectures and experiments and illustrate them by suitable drawings.
These notes are examined at intervals and marked according to
their value.

The course embraces the general properties of matter; laws of
falling bodies : hydrostatics, hydro-dynamics, and pneumatics ;
also the principles of sound, light, heat, electricity, magnetism and
electro- magnetism.

Great care is taken throughout the course to array the various
branches of science in natural groupings, in order to emphasize
their intimate relations.

ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE.

Ax Accurate and refined use of the mother tongue is the chief
aim of the course in the department of English. In the earlier
stages there is a persistent drill in analysis of sentences, in word-
building and derivation, and in the elements of style, with con-
stant practice in expression, oral and written. The history of the
language is then taken up, with respect to its vocaT)ulary, grammar
and dilferent periods. This is followed by the historical and criti-
cal study of English literature. Throughout the course the text-
l)ooks used are supplemented by conversational lectures and parallel
reading.

To this department have been assigned the related subjects of
Logic, Mental Science, Constitutional History and Political Econ-
omy— most of these in the Senior year. Also the periodical exer-
cises in composition, debates and elocution.

LATIN.

The study of Latin will be offered in a continuous course of
four years and optional with the student, being accepted as a sub-
stitute for French or German, or some of the scientific branches of
Junior and Senior years. If Latin is elected at the beginning of
Freshman year, it must be pursued the whole year, and must also
be taken a second year, unless a substitute be arranged satisfactory
to the Faculty. Only those will be admitted to the advanced
Latin classes who are (puililled to hold a good position in them.

r

18 Marjjland Agricivlfural Collei^e.

FRENCH AND GERMAN.

Two yeiirs of iustniction will be ottered in each of these inoderii
laiigUciges, and if either is taken it must he pnrsned that length of
time. These languages will be optional and accepted in place of
Latin or some other studies of t!ie course, to l)e designated. The
ability to read the language will be souglit as the end of main im-
portance, but the course will be such as to include attention to
pronunciation and ordinary conyersation.

MILITARY.

The Act of CoNniiESrt which cojitributed the greater part of
the endowment of the College, was accejjted by tlie State under
conditions which make instruction in military tactics imperative.
The students are, tlierefore, organized as a corps of cadets under
the commandant, wlio is an officer of the IJegnlar Army, detailed
for this duty by the War l)e])artment, and is, for the time, a mem-
ber of the faculty. They arc uniformed, and every one, unless
physically debarred, is retjuireil to attend such exercises as are jn-e-
scribed and is subjected to military discipline to a certain degree.

These exercises are bf-lieved to be decidedly beneficial, and the
tactical instruction is thoroughly given. The drills, which occupy
three or four hours a week, furnish excellent ])hysical culture, in-
suring regular and healtliful exercise at all seasons, and out of
doors whenever possible. Neatness in dress, graceful carriage of
the body and dignified bearing, are secured by the drill, and habits
are acqtiired of prompt obedience and self-control and the ])ower
to command.

The excellence of the instruction in this department was shoAvn
in May, 188G, wdien, at the National Drill at Washington, the
Corps of Maryland Agricultural Cadets rec<.4ved the second cadet
prize in the competitive drill.

The members of the upper classes who show attention to duty
and proficiency in drill are detailed in rotation to perform the du-
ties of commissioned and non-coniniissioned ollicers of the com-
pany and battalion.

Maryland AgTlculturaX College. 19

Every student is required to provide himself with the full uni-
form adopted for this department, l)efore the close of the term in
which he enters the college, and tliereafter to keep the same in
order and wear it upon all drills aiul stated military exercises.
'^I^he uniform is a neat suit of cadet gray, suitable for all occasions,
and, at the reasonable prices which the institution is able to obtain,
by contract, it forms an extremely economical dress. No [irticle
of uniform dress will be permitted to be worn, unless obtained
under the sui)ervision of the college ofiicers, and from the author-
ized contractor for the time being.

The military system is also applied to the discipline of the stu-
dents while in and al)Out the buildings, and where deemed neces-
sary this discipline may l)e extended to apply to individuals or the
entire body of students, at all times :ind places. The dormitories,
as well as the arms, equipments and clothing of the cadets, are
regularly inspected, and neatness and order are enforced.

While this department is administered to honestly meet the re-
([uirements of law and to benefit the individual and the College, it
is not permitted to interfere with other educational interests and
duties, or encroach upon reasonable periods of recreation.

/

1/

20 MaryUind Agricidtui'al College.

%

COURSE OF STUDY.

FRESHMAN YEAR.

Agriculture. — History, breeding and care of farm stock; Dairying.

Natural History. — Climatology and Physical Geography.

History. — Ancient and Modern.

English. — Analysis and construction of language.

French. \ Begun and continued through the year.
Latin. J One of these is required, but not both.

Matliomatics. — Arithmetic reviewed ; Algebra.

Book-keeping. — Single Entry, with practice in business forms and

farm accounts.

SOPHOMORE YEAR.

Agriculture. — Anatomy and Physiology of Plants and Animals.

Natural History. — Botany and Mineralogy.

Chemistry. — Begun and continued throughout tiie year.

English. — History of language ; Expression and Style.

French. \ Second year of both.
Latin. J One of these is required.

Mathematics. — Algebra completed ; Geometry.

Drawing. — Free-hand and Geometrical.

JUNIOR YEAR.

Agriculture. — Soils and Plant Growth ; Horticulture.

Natural History. — Geology, Zoology and Entomology.

Chemistry. — Laboratory practice and Organic Chemistry.

Physics. — Mechanics and Physics through the year.

English. — English Literature, Logic and Ehetoric.

Latin. — Third year. \ Optional studies ; both may be taken on
German. — First year. ) certain conditions.

Mathematics. — Trigonometry, Mensuration and Surveying.

Drawing. — Mechanical and Topographical.

1

SENIOR YEAR.

AfjriruUurc. — jNTaimres ami Fertilizer.s ; Crops, genera] and special ;

Forage and Feeding; Farm Mecliaiiics ; Lec-
tures and Field Notes.

Cliciiuxlinj. — Ijaboratory Practice; Organic Analyses.

rii\jx'\ri<. — Lectnres, with notes and examinations.

EnfjliKli. — jNIental and Moral Science; Elocntion ; Debates.

Hif<1orij. — History of Ciovernment; IVditical Economy.

Lafin. — Fourflt year. )^ Optional Studies; both may be tiiKen
German. — Second near. J under certain conditions.

Ma/J/cmafics. — Practice in Surveying, Poad-work and Elements of
Civil Engineering, FVinciples of Construction, &c.
Dra/rii/r/. — j\Iap-vvork ; Pi'ojeclions and Perspective.

Lec/icre-^. — On Comparative Anatomy, \"eterinary Science and l^rac-
tice, and other topics.

»i'

i\ri1itary Drill, as required by law, throughout the course
Exercises in Composition and Elocution, as directed.

'B'2 Maryland Agricultural College.

ADMISSION.

Candidates for admission to the Frcsliiiiiui class are examiiied
orally and in writing upon the common Englisli branches, namely,
reading, spelling, elements of English grammar, geogra})hy, com-
mon-school arithmetic, and history of the United St-ates. These
examinations must be satisfactorily passed in order to entitle one
to full standing in the Freshman class, and give assurance of sub-
sequent })rogress.

The public educational facilities are l)elieved to l)e snch, in all
]nii"ts of the State, as to render it unnecessary for the College to
maintain a prei)aratory department, but if students present them-
selves, who, for lack of projK'r opportunities, are im}ierfectly pre-
pared, yet show willingness and ability to do cvtra work, they Avill
be admirted, conditionally, u}>on passing a reasonable part of the
entrance examinations, and an instructor will be assigned to assist
them in meeting the conditions and acqniring a full standing in
their class.

Ap})licants for admission to the higher classes must pass the en-
tr.-uice examinations and also be successfully examined on all of
the studies completed by the classes they wish to enter, or on
branches equivalent thereto.

jSTo one is advised to apply nntil lifteen years of age, although
physical and intellectual development are regarded as more impor-
tant and will be considered rather than age. Every a})plicant
must furnish a certificate of good character satisfactory to the
Faculty; this should be obtained from his pastor, or last teacher,
and presented on arrival at the college.

Candidates are advised to provide themselves, in all cases, with
certificates of their standing in the school last attended and present
these certificates to the examiners. Previous good scholarship will
be considered and given due weight at entrance examinations, and
a certificate of proficiency in any subject will be accepted instead
of an examination, if granted by a college authorized to confer de-
grees, or by a high school in Maryland or Washington, I). C

As stilted in the Calendar, the regular exuminations for admission
are held at tlie College on the day following the annual Craduatiou
Day, in June, and in h-"e])tenil)er on the day ne.xt |ireceding that for
the opening of the Fall Term of the Institution, beginning at nine
o'clock A. M. on these days; hut candidates may be examined and
admitted at any other time in the year.

DEGREES.

TifOSE wlio com[>lete the i)i'escribed course of study :iiid Jiuiin-
tain the reciuiivd siajidard oi' scholarship will I'eceive the dcgivc <it'
J)achelor of Science, the di})lonia l)eing signed hy the (ioveriior <>f
Maryland, who is cr-ojjino, piesident of the cor})oration. in case
the student, by taking the optional studies and suhstitutes of the
Junior and Senior years, makes his course more literary in chainc-
ter, the Degree of ]>achelor of Arts may be conferred.

TUITION AND EXPENSES.

'i'UFTiON is free to all students, whether residents of the State of
^Maryland or ]iot. To cover the necessary ex])enses of the vear al
College, clothing excepted, a single charge is made of one hr.iidred
and eighty dolliirs ($180). This includes board, room piiitiv
furnislied, heat, lights, washing and the necessary text-books.

Stndents whose homes are in the neighborhood will be allowed
to attend the college exercises daily upon payment of Iwentv-four
dollars (s24) })er annum. They will be assigned rooms to be occu-
pied during study hours, be supplied all necessary books, and will
be on a par with other students in connection with all college dulies
and exercises.

The text-books furnished will become the i>roperty of the stu-
dent if he completes the college year in which tliey are used, but
not otherwise.

No fees or other extras will be charged by the college except foi-
special expenses actually incurred on behalf of the studeiit. such
as medical attendance, for stationery or for other articles su]>})lied.
and for loss or damage of college ])ro})ei-ty, for wdiich the student is
personally responsible.

)ijf Marijlcuul Agricultural College.

PAYMENTS.

All chauges und fees are due and must be paid, in advance.
For convenience of patrons tlie payments are arranged as follows:

On the day of entrance fifty dollars (^50) of the annual charge ;
tifty dollars ($50) of the annual charge on the loth day of Novem-
ber ; on the 1st day of February forty dollars ($-40), and the 1st
day of April forty dollars ($40).

The low rates at which the students are received can only be
maintained by purchasing all su})plies at wholesale, for cash. This
is only possible when all })ayments are made as stated. The Regis-
trar is specially charged with the duty of maiving jjrouipt collec-
tions, and annoyance to all parties will be avoided l)y a caretul
observance of all obligations in accordance with the terms above
stated.

The general charge for the vear is made against the student when
lie arrives, ilnd no allowance or rebate Avill be made for any alt-
sence, unless specially agreed to, in advance.

FUKNITURE, BEDDING, &c.

'^^,

Each bed-room is furnished with two single beds and mattresse
two clothes-presses, a table and a wiishstand. The student must
furnish chairs, lookiiig-glass, chamber-ware, pillow and all other
arti(des of bedding; also a study-lamp, a broom, shoe-brush, tow-
els, table-nn.pkins, clothes-bag and proper toilet articles. Clothing,
towels, bedding, etc., should be marked with the owner's name.
Such of the articles named, as cannot be conveniently brought from
home, can be obtained at the College at cost prices.

UNIFORMS, &c.

The UNrFOiiM worn by the students during all military exercises
is of gray cloth of an established grade, cut according to the pat-
tern adopted at the United States Military Academy. This con-
sists of a dress coat, pair of pants, cap and gloves, costing just
about twenty dollars (,S20). Those who desire can obtain a fatigue
suit, in addition, for about ten dollars ($10), but this is not re-

Mcwylancl Agricultiwal College. 25

quired. To insure uniformity in quality and pattern and maintain
low rates, the military suits must be purchased from the contractor
with the college and paid for in cash, on delivery. Every student
must provide himself with the regulation garments before the close
of the College term in which he enters, and must thereafter keep
uniformed to the satisfaction of the Commandant.

DISCIPLINE AND REGULATIONS.

It is expected that all students attending this College will have
reached an age when their habits are so fixed and their characters
so matured as to cause them to appreciate the value of their time
and the opportunities afforded them at this institution. Without
multiplying rules and regulations, they will, from the day of en-
trance, be placed upon their honor to contribute to the general
good order and studiousness of the College, to promptly and cheer-
fully obey all instructions they may receive from its officers, pay
proper regard to the care of its property, refrain from all acts cal-
culated to disturb the comfort and work of their fellow- students,
and in personal habits, conversation and conduct, at all times and
places, to act as gentlemen.

In general, exemplary deportment, attention to duties, and the
maintenance of good scholastic standing, will be required of all.

Should there be those who cannot be allowed full privileges be-
cause of immaturity and thoughtlessness, rather than deliberate
misconduct or intentional neglect, they will be assigned quarters
in a special part of the building and placed )nore or less completely
under military discipline, as circumstances may require.

Such regulations as may be necessary will be promulgated from
time to time, so as to be fully understood, and they must be ob-
served and complied with by all.

Discipline will be administered, as a rule, in a progressive man-
ner, by admonition, formal warning, notice to parents or guardians,
and strict probation, but at any time when such action is in the
interest of the Individ aal or the College, any student may be sent
home without previous notice, or may, for cause, be suspended, dis-
missed or summarily expelled.

MILITARY DUTIES.

Members of the Senior and Junior classes, and all stiulents who
have attended the College for one year or more, will be required to
perform such duties as may he assigned them as officers, non-com-
missioned or guards, in connection with the military exercises or
the police and discipline of the College.

RELIGIOUS SERVICES.

All students are required to attend the daily morning prayers
and public worship on Sunday in the College Chapel. Arrange-
ments will be made for the Sundav services to be conducted by
clergymen of different denominations. Upon request of parents,
students will be permitted to attend religious services elscAvhere in
the neighborhood, at hours not conflicting with exercises at the
College.

THE MERCER LITERARY SOCIETY

Holds weekly meetings, affording its members excellent opportu-
nities for practice in oratory and debate. The advantages of this
sort of training are not to be overlooked in estimating College life.
Occasional public meetings are held. The Society library, which
is open to members, is especially rich in history, biography, and
the works of great statesmen.

LIBRARIES.

The Library of the College, which is mainly for reference in the
Departments of Agriculture and General Science, contains several
hundred valuable books. The Librarv of the Literary Society has
probably fifteen hundred volumes, and the private libraries of the
professors as many more. All of these are accessible to students
under proper conditions. The great libraries of the National
Capital are within almost as easy reach as if the College were lo-
cated in Washington.

Marylancl Agriculhival College.

0'y

MUSEUM.

In the Museum is an excellent study collection of minerals and
ores, well classified, and of important service as a guide in the
science of mineralogy.

For use in the study of crystallograpliy there are models illus-
trating all the systems of crystallization, with the most important
modifications of typical forms.

A small but by no means unimportant collection is one presented
to the College by the United States department of Agriculture,
containing specimens, labeled and indexed, of more than four hun-
dred varieties of woods grown in the United States.

AYorthy of notice is the large number of models of agricultural
machinery furnished through the courtesy of the United States
Patent Office. Other aids to the study of science included in the
Museum are an herbarium, illustrating the flora of Maryland and
the District of Columbia; also a good collection of standard agri.
cultural seeds and of animal and vecetal)le fibres.

READING-ROOM ASSOCIATION.

The students, assisted by the Faculty, support a reading-room,
which is amply supplied with newspapers, magazines, and reviews.
At present forty-seven daily, weekly and monthly publications are
regularly placed on file, including leading papers of Baltimore,
Washington, Xew York, Louisville, Atlanta and other cities ; Har-
per's Monthly and Weekly, The Century, The Forum, Xortli
American Eeview, Scientific American and Supplement, Popular
Science Monthly, Frank Leslie's, Golden Days, Youth's Compa-
nion, etc.

For the folloAving magazines and papers the Association is in-
debted to the politeness of the publishers : Breeders' Journal,
American Cultivator, Industrialist, American Farmer, Maryland

8 Maryland Agricultural College.

Farmer, Massachusetts Plowman, Farm and Home, Anne Arundel
Advertiser, Centerville Record, Cambridge Chronicle, Carroll News,
Democrat and News, Denton Journal, Federalsburg Courier, Free
Quill, Harford Democrat, Marlboro Gazette, Peninsula Farmer,
Prince George's Enquirer, Republican Citizen, Travelers' Record,
Appleton's Bulletin, Patent Office Gazette.

PRIZES.

A PRIZE of ten dollars (810) in money or books is offered by the
President of the Faculty, to be awarded to that member of the Se-
nior class who sustains throughout the year, including examina-
tions, the best record in the department of agricultural studies.

Other prizes are being arranged and will be duly announced.

PRIZE AWARDED.

The Ao-ricultiaral Pri^e for 1890

WAS AWARDED TO

.ROBERT LEE RUSSELL.

OF WASHI^STGTOX, D. C.

HONORABLE MENTION

FOR SPECIAL PROFICIEN'CY AXD MERIT IX MILITARY DUTIES

AND EXERCISES.

CLAREHCE ELDER SOLES.

OF McKEESPORT, PENST.,

Has been reported to tlie War Department for lionorable

mention, and his name will so apjjear in the next

U. 8. Army Register.