\.
1
f
World's Edition
Universal method
for tKe
vSaxophone
Paul de Uillc.
UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO |
l&. 4. 'l>4,
EDWARD JOHNSON
MUSIC LIBRARY
The largest and Jttost Complete Method eoer written for the Saxophone.
Based upon the celebrated works of
A. nAYEUR, H. KLOSE, and others.
And containing the complete fingerings for
The Latest Improved Saxophones
Price Paper
$3.50
Price Cloth
$4.75
T
502
V
'5
APR 24 1964
K94759
Preface.
HE Author takes great pleasure in stating
to the Student, that everything which
patient research, practical experience and
knowledge (of my favorite instrument)
could suggest, has been brought to bear
to make this the greatest and most com-
prehensive Method for the
Saxophone
ever attempted.
The plan of study is thorough and
progressive, and if strictly adhered to,
cannot fail to produce a first-class per
former.
Yours truly,
Paul de Ville
ZLbe ^Universal fllktbob for Sa*opbone,
InDei
PAGE
Rudiments of Music 16
A list of the words used in Modern Music
How to make your own Reeds 14
The Saxophone 9
Instruction for the Saxophone 9
How to hold the Saxophone g
Position of the Performer 9
Position of the Mouthpiece in the Mouth 10
The Reed ..!!!. .i! .......'.'.! 10
Manner of controlling the tone etc 10
Breathing 10
Method of Study '.'... . ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' [ '"." ' ' [ [ i0
General Remarks H
Chart of Saxophone with 1 1 and 12 keys
Chart of Saxophone with 15 keys
Improvements added to the Saxophone 26
Preparatory Exercises 27
Exercises in Slurring 31
Progressive Exercises on time, etc 39
Exercises on Rests 41
Twenty Progressive Exercises 45
Eighteen Exercises in Articulation 52
Preparatory Exercises on the High Notes 55
Chromatic Scale of the Saxophone 57
Major and Minor Scales in all Keys 58
Major and Minor Chords in the Keys most used 62
Sixty Exercises of Mechanism 63
Fifty Exercises from low Bb to F above the staff 67
Twentyone Exercises on detached Notes in different Keys 92
Twenty-Seven Exercises for gaining execution in the different Keys 98
Three Exercises on Staccato 108
Grace-notes and Embelishments 110
The Shake 115
Table of Shakes 115
The Mordent or Passing Shake 118
Exercises on Shakes 118
Fifteen Cadenzas 121
Introduction of Adagio Beethoven Senate "Pathetic" 123
Ten Duets for Two Saxophones by E. Mayeur 125
Six Duets for Two Saxophones by H. Klose 144
Exercises on Eighth notes and Sixteenth notes 144
Exercises on dotted Eighth and Sixteenth notes 158
Exercises with Sixteenth-note Rests 160
Exercise on Dotted Sixteenth-note and Thirty-Second-note 161
Exercise with Thirty-Second-note Rests - 161
Exercises on Triplets 162
Forty Exercises on Slured and Detached notes 165
Seventeen Exercises on Syncopation 179
Twenty Operatic Melodies 184
Exercises for the new fingering of the improved Bb, B and Cff keys 197
Progressive Major and Minor Scales and Exercises 201
Interval Exercises on the Major and Minor Scales 208
Studies on the Major and Minor Chords 212
Exercise on the Chord of the Dominant Seventh 214
Exercise on different Diminished Sevenths .f 214
Exercise on the succession of four Diminished Sevenths 214
Ten Studies on Apeggios in different Major Keys 215
Chromatic Exercises 216
Eight Fantasias 218
Eleven Progressive Studies 226
Theme with nine easy Variations 236
Theme with Variations 240
Twenty Studies by A. Mayeur 243
Fifteen Studies 263
Four Solos 280
Air with Variations 288
Four Concert Duets 290
Solos, Airs Varies -s 303
The Universal Method for the Saxophone
By PAUL DE. VILLE.
HE Saxophone was invented about
the year 1844, by Adolph Antoine
Joseph Sax. He was the son of
Charles Joseph Sax, the celebrated
mr.sieal instrument maker of Paris,
France.
Since the instrument was first
invented, it has been greatly im-
proved, and now — thanks to the skill
of Messrs. Evette and Schaeffer,
Paris, France, it has developed into
the Saxophone as we know it to-day.
The body of the Saxophone, a parabolical cone, is
made of brass and provided with a set of keys,
The mouthpiece is similar to that of the clarinet,
and is fitted with a single reed.
The fingering of the Saxophone is similar to that
of the Oboe, a clarinetist can readily master same after
a little study.
The tone of the Saxophone is soft and penetrating
in the upper register, and in the lower register it is
full, rich and profoundly impressive.
One great merit of the Saxophone is its nobility in
sustaining singing tones. Its tone is richer and has far
more volume than the clarinet, and it has an extraor-
dinary range of swell from soft (pp.) to loud (ff).
The full harmony of a quartet of Saxophones pro-
duces a grand effect.
In brief, the tone of the Saxophone is peculiar to
itself, presenting vague analogies with the tones of the
'cello, clarinet and oboe.
The Saxophone is now an indispensable instrument
in bands, and also fills an important place in large or-
chestras.
Saxophones are being made in many different sizes,
and are classed in two series:
Series A.
Sopranino Saxophone in F
Soprano Saxophone in C
Alto Saxophone in F
Tenor Saxophone in C
Baritone Saxophone in F
Bass Saxophone in C
Series B.
Sopranino Saxophone in Eb
Soprano Saxophone in Bb
Alto Saxophone in Eb
Tenor Saxophone in Bb
Baritone Saxophone in Eb
Bass Saxophone in Bb
Contra-bass Saxophone in Eb
The first series (A) is for orchestral use, and the
second series (B) for the military band. Saxophones,
when they are used in military bands, are generally
• employed in choirs of four, each of a different pitch, as
follows :
» Soprano in Bb, Alto in Eb, Tenor in Bb, and Bari-
tone in Eb.
A Bass in Bb and Contra-bass in Eb are sometimes
used, and (though very rarely) a Sopranino in Eb.
It is now quite common to see in Saxophone quar-
tets two Alto Saxophones in Eb used, one taking the
part of the Soprano in Bb.
The Saxophone used most as a solo instrument is
the Alto in Eb.
INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE SAXOPHONE.
The compass of the Alto and Tenor Saxophones is
two octaves and a major fifth.
1.0. =
^f^1
Bk Bt F
The compass of the Soprano, Baritone, Bass and
Contra-bass Saxophone is two octaves and a fourth.
^ BV Bt Ek
On the old model Saxophone the lowest note was:
The music for all Saxophones is written in the treble
clef.
HOW TO HOLD THE SAXOPHONE.
The Soprano Saxophone is held in the same man-
ner as a clarinet. The Alto, Tenor, Baritone, Bass and
Contra-Bass are held, with the lower part or bell of the
instrument resting against the right leg of the per-
former, but not too much on the right side, for in this
position the left arm is stretched and the right arm is
bent, thus interfering with proper execution, and also
tiring the arms.
The right thumb should be put below the support,
to hold the instrument in position, but not to hold it
up ; the strap will do that. Especially avoid resting the
instrument on the thumb, for this tires and paralyzes
the fingers.
The thumb of the left hand, supported on the round
mould, will at the same time be in position to use the
two octave keys, and in order to be able to use these
two keys, the thumb should always rest in the same
position, this is very important for equality of fingering.
POSITION OP THE PERFORMER.
In sitting or standing, the body must be ERE^T,
head up f.nd steady.
The chest must be well expanded, which facilitates
the action of the lungs and allows the performer to
bring out sounds both long and well sustained.
The arms should fall naturally along the bcty-
The hands must be held without contrad'on or
rigidity upon the instrument; the fingers ir-ust be
arched and fall rather than strike upon the plates and
keys.
The fingers must NOT rest on the plates or keys, as
this interferes with smooth execution. With fingers
flat, instead of being arched, one cannot properly take
the G sharp, C sharp, B natural and low B flat keys,
the left little finger is necessarily raised, whereas with
the fingers arched on the plates, the little finger takes
a good position, and easily commands the above notes.
Touch the keys with the tips of the fingers.
APPEARANCE OP THE PERFORMER.
When performing before an audience bear a calm
appearance, emit the sounds without showing ex-
ternally the difficulties that have to be overcome ; it
will greatly impress those around you with the ap-
parent facility of your execution.
On the other hand, it would offer the company some
temptation to laugh if you were to move your head,
balance the body, raise the shoulders as a mark of ex-
pression, or fill up your cheeks with wind.
POSITION OF THE MOUTHPIECE IN THE MOUTH.
Insert about one-third of the mouthpiece into the
mouth, the reed being underneath. The lower lip
should be a little drawn in, so as to cover the teeth :
and the upper lip slightly pressed downward, to pre-
vent the teeth biting the mouthpiece and damaging the
quality of tone. The mouthpiece being thus held by
a light pressure of both lips the air cannot escape by
the sides of the mouth, the reed can then act freely and
perform its vibrations with all desirable facility. The
tone on the Saxophone is produced by the tongue,
which sends the air into the instrument and at the
same time causes the reed to vibrate. To produce a
tone the player must take in a sufficient quantity of
air and force it into the instrument by a short stroke
of the tongue and by pronouncing the letters T or D
or the syllables "Too" or "Doo", according to the
quality of tone required. Strike the reed about half
an inch from its top (or thinnest part), with the tip
of the tongue.
THE REED.
Great care should be taken in choosing a reed, as
the quality of the tone depends upon the reed.
When the reed is "hard" and the mouthpiece open,
the quality of tone is very bad.
In the low notes the tone is loud and hoarse; in
the middle notes it is husky, and in the high notes it
is thin and the notes are false.
When the reed is "soft" and the mouthpiece closed,
the notes have the tone of a reed pipe and becomes low,
and if one wants to raise them the reed hugs against
the lay of the mouthpiece and there is no sound.
On the other hand, when the mouthpiece is a little
open and the reed of medium strength, you can regu-
late the tone, diminish or increase it at will, and all
the m tes are smooth and in tune, and the tone is full,
even and mellow in any of the registers, low, medium
or high.
An apt student will soon be able to choose a proper
medium, and also, perhaps, learn to "touch up" his
reed by judicious manipulation, to get it to speak
easily, w.lth a full yet sweet tone.
Reeds are made of Frejus cane, which must be
ripe, but not overripe. For a Baritone and Bass Saxo-
phone a softer reed will be better; while for the So-
prano and Alto a more substantial one will be prefer-
able, with a medium for the Tenor.
The reed of the Saxophone being large and flexible,
too much pressure closes it, therefore a slight pressure
only is necessary to produce high notes, contrary to
the effect on a Clarinet.
MANNER OF CONTROLLING THE TONE, ETC.
The control of the tone consists, first, in sustaining
with strength; second, in emitting it softly and
husbanding it; third, in increasing and diminishing
the tone without altering its pitch.
During the emission of the air the tone must be
equal, the same at the end as at the beginning. When
the lungs are filled the tone is naturally stronger at
the beginning, afterwards weak. This must be guarded
against by reserving sufficient breath for the end.
It is of the greatest importance to have a good
mouthpiece and a good reed, without these the student
will try in vain to produce a sweet tone.
BREATHING.
Taking breath at the right time is an important
matter. Every melody consists of sections which may
be compared to the separate clauses of a sentence, and
as these are indicated by punctuation so the sections
of melody ought to be marked by the taking of breath
at the correct moment. This should be done very
rapidly, without noise, and without opening more of
the lips at the sides of the mouthpiece of the instru-
ment than is requisite for the inhalation of the breath.
The face of the performer should give no sign of the
action, and the more imperceptibly it is done the better.
Every breath taken should be a deep one, completely
filling the lungs, so as to enable the performer to play
long sections without a break.
In the exercises in this method the place where
breath is to be taken is marked by this sign ( ') over the
stave.
The management of the breath is, like the flexibility
of the fingers, a matter of practice — difficult at first,
but acquired by perservering study.
HOW TO PRACTICE.
Practice as near as possible one regular time each
day. For it is better to do so, if only for a short time
regularly, than to practice for a long time one day and
neglect it for two or three.
The Scales. — Whatever time the student can devote
to practice, at least one quarter of that time should be
devoted to the practice of the major, minor and chro-
matic scales.
Study intelligently, that is to say, DO NOT play the
exercises too quickly, always follow tbe rhythm, give
each note its full value, keep the pitch of each note
well up, attacking it freely and sustaining it to the
end. The pupil should practice daily long sustained
tones, taking successively every note of the chromatic
scale. This study will impart a beautiful tone, form the
embouchure, and give roundness in playing.
As the pupil progresses with the following studies
he will find additional instructions at various point?
which he must carefully observe.
GENERAL REMARKS.
The Strap bears the weight of the instrument, not
the thumbs.
The fingers must be arched, and the keys touched
by the tips of the fingers.
The mouthpiece must be carefully cleaned after
playing.
The pads should be kept in good order, and the
springs of the keys oiled occasionally.
The instrument should always be wiped after using
to prevent verdigris forming, and a piece of linen or
cotton cloth passed through the crook to which the
mouthpiece is attached.
The performer must be very careful and not allow
the pads to remain damp after using the instrument.
For when the pads are wet and are allowed to dry of
their own accord, they become hard and do not cover
the holes, which makes the instrument very difficult
to play, also lowers the pitch and puts the instrument
out of tune.
TAKE CARE TO AVOID THE FOLLOWING
FAULTS.
1. Wasting of the breath.
2. Spluttering with the tongue.
3. Direct breathing with the chest.
4. Uncertainty of tonguing, i. e., unsteadiness of
tone.
5. Nodding with the head, which disturbs tonguing.
6. Loud, audible breathing when one or more sounds
are being blown.
7. Swaying motions of the body, especially of the
arms, which interferes with the fingering.
8. Beating time with the foot; in short, whatever
interferes with exact and easy execution agreeable
presence, good position of the body, etc., must be care-
fully avoided.
List of the Principal Words used in Modern Music
With their Abbreviations and Explanations
' • j V ' • i'J,°»*9 °£,at> a tempo, in time
Accelerando (accel.). Gradually increasing the speed
Accent Emphasis on certain parts of the measure
Adagio . Slowly leisurely
Ad libitum (ad lib.) . At .pleasure: not in strict time
A due (a 2) To Be played by both instruments
Agitato Restless, with agitation
Al or Alia In the style of
Alia Marcia . . . . In the style of a March
Allegretto Diminutive of allegro; moderately fast, lively;
faster than andante: slower than allegro
Allegro.. Lively; brisk, rapid.
Allegro assai .... Very rapidly
Amoroso Affectionately
Andante In moderately slow time
Andantino . . . .' . Diminutive of andante; strictly slower than an
dante, but often used in the reverse sense
Anima, con t . . . . With animation
Animato }
A piacere. At pleasure; equivalent to ad libitum
Appassionato. . . . Impassioned
Arpeggio A/ broken chord
Assai Very; Allegro assai, very rapidly
A tempo In the original tempo
Attacca Attack or begin what follows without pausing
Barcarolle A Venetian boat rhan's song
Bis ......... .Twice, repeat the passage
Bravura Brilliant; bold; spirited
Brillante Showy, sparkling, brilliant
Brio, con . . . . . .With much spirit
Cadenza . . ; . . An elaborate, florid passage introduced
as an embellishment
Cantabile In a singing style
Canzonetta A short song or air
Capriccio a . . ^ .At pleasure, ad libitum
Cavatina An air, shorter a.nd simpler than the aria,
and in one division, without Da Capo
Chord. . .- The harmony of three or more tones of
different pitch produced simultaneously
Coda A supplemental the end of a composition
Col or con With
Crescendo (cresc.) . . Swelling; increasing in loudness
Da or dal From
Da Capo (J). C.) . .From the beginning
Dal Segno (D. S.). .From the sign
Decrescendo(decresc.) Decreasing in strength
Diminuendo (dim.). Gradually softer
Divisi Divided, each part to be played by a sep-
arate instrument
Dolce (dol.) . . . .Softly; sweetly
Dolcissimo . . . . .Very sweetly and softly
Dominant. The fifth tone in the major or minor scale
Duet or Duo .... A composition for two performers
E And
Elegante Elegant, graceful
Knergico With energy, vigorously
Enharmonic . . . .Alike in pitch, but different in notation
Kspressivo With expression
Finale The concluding movement
fine The end
Forte(f) Loud
Forte - piano (fp) . .Accent strongly, diminishing instantly to
piano
Fortissimo (ff). . .Very loud
Forxando(fz>~) . .Indicates that a note or chord is to be
strongly accented
Fona Force or tone
Fuoeo,con With fire; with spirit
\Jriocoso Joyously; playfully
Giusto Exact; in strict t'ime
Grandioso Grand; pompous; majestic
Grave Very slow and solemn
Grazioso Gracefully
Harmony In general, a combination of tones, or
chords, producing music
Keynote The first degree of the scale, the tonic
Largamente . . . .Very broad in style
Larghetto Slow, but not so slow as Largo; nearly
like Andantino
Largo. . . ,\. . . .Broad and slow; the slowest tempo-mark
Legato Smoothly, the reverse of staccato
Ledger-line. . . .A small added line above or below the
staff
Lento ..... 1 . .Slow, between Andante and Largo
L'istesso tempo. . .In the same time, (or tempo)
Loco In place. Play as written, no longer, an
octave higher or lower
Ma But
Ma non troppo. . . Lively,. but not .too much so
Maestoso ..... .Majestically; dignified
Maggiore . . . . \ .Major Key
Marcato \ .Marked
Meno Less
Meno mosso . . . .Less quickly
Mezzo Half; moderately
Ul \J 'I U
.Quicker
.A little
.Gradually, by degrees; little by little
Mezzo-piano (mp) . M9derately soft
Minore Minor Key
Moderate Moderately. Allegro moderate, mod-
erately fast
Molto Much; very
Morendo Dying away
Mosso. Equivalent to rapid. Piu mosso, quicker.
Moto , . .Motion. Con moto, with animation
Now . .Not
Notation .The art of representing musical sounds
by means of written characters
Gbbligata An indispensable part
Opua (Op.) A work.
Ossia . . ... .' . . .Or; or else. Generally indicating an
easier method
Ottava (gva) • • • . To be played an. octave higher
Pause (/?\) . . . .The sign indicating a pause or rest.
Perdendosi Dying away gradually
Piacere, a At pleasure
Pianissimo (pv) . .Very softly
Piano (p) . . . .Softly
Piu More
Piu Allegro . . . .More quickly
Piu tosto
Poco or un poco.
Poco a poco. . .
Poco piu mosso . .A little faster
Poco tneno A little slower
Poco piu A little faster
Pot Then; afterwards
Pomposo Pompous; grand
Prestissimo . . . . As quickly as possible
Presto ...... Very quick; faster than Allegro.
Primo (ino). . . . The first
Quartet . . . . . .A pjece of music for four performers.
Quasi As if; in the style of
Quintet A piece of music for five per-
formers
Kallentando(ralL) Gradually slower
Replica. . Repetition. Senza replica, without
repeats
Rinforzando . . . With special emphasis
Ritardando (rit.) .Gradually slower and slower
Risoluto Resolutely; bold; energetic
Kitenuto In slower time
Scherzando Playfully; sportively
Secondo (2™P) . . .The second singer, instrumentalist or
part
Segue Fpllow on in similar style
Semplice Simply;- unaffectedly
Senza Without. Senza sordino without mute
Sfurzando CsfJ. . .Forcibly; with sudden emphasis
Simile orSimili. .In like manner
Smorzando (smorz) Diminishing in sound. Equivalent to
Jfortndo
Solo .For one perfo mer only. Soli; for all
Sordino A mute. Con t rdino, with the mute
Sostenuto Sustained; prolonged.
Sotto Below; under. Sotto voce, in a subdued
tone
Spirito Spirit, con Spirito with spirit
Staccato Detached; separate
Stentando Dragging or retarding the tempo
Stretto or stretta. .An increase of speed. Piu stretto faster
Subdominant . . . .The fourth tone in the diatonic scale
Syncopation . . . .Change of accent from a strong beat
to a weak one.
Tacet ."Is silent" Signified that an instrument
or vocal part, so marked, is omitted
during the movement or number in question
Tempo Movement; rate of speed.
Tempo primo . . .Return to the original tempo,
Tenuto(ten.) . . . .Held for the full value.
Thema or Theme . .The subject or melody.
Tonic The key-note of any scale.
Tranquillo Quietly.
Trtmolando, Tremolo A tremulous fluctation of tone.
Trio A piece of music for three performers.
Triplet A group of three notes to be performed
in the time of two of equal value in the
regular rhythm.
Troppo Too; too much. Allegro, ma non trovvo,
not too quickly.
Tutti All; all the instruments.
\Jn A, one, an.
Una corda On one string.
Variatione The transformation of a melody by means
of harmonic, rhythmic and melodic changes
and embellishments.
Veloce Quick, rapid, swiff .
Vibrato .A wavering tone-effect, which should be
sparingly used.
Vivace With vivacity; bright; spirited.
Vivo .Lively; spirited.
Volti Subito V.S. . Turn over quickly.
HOW TO MAKE YOUR OWN REEDS
While reeds of the best quality may now be obtained in music supply houses,
some performers prefer to make their own reeds, and at least some knowledge of the
process of reed -making or correcting faults is invaluable. (The figures interspersed
refer to diagrams on following page.)
First cut off a piece of cane the thickness of a half dollar coin (l) and of the
size of the lay (3) (The part of the mouthpiece where the reed is laid and held by
the ligature or reed-holder ). Then rub the inside part of the cane on abroad fine cut
file until the surface is perfectly flat, after which it may be placed on the lay (3) and
the screws of reed-holder tightened to ascertain if the opening (5) is correct. Holding
the mouthpiece sideways against the light the opening (5) should extend downward about
one inch. Remove the reed from mouthpiece and with a sharp knife trim down gradu-
ally from centre (6) to top (7) being careful not to take too much off at first as later
adjustment must be allowed for. The edges should be rounded from where the cutting
begins (8) and show an elongated angle from the middle. The cane should be thicker in
the middle (9) than at the edges (10). The thin end of reed can be shaped with a sharp
pair of scissors or a reed-cutter. If , on trial, the reed proves too hard> file off the
thickness at top of reed, sloping toward edges (11). If the top is already thin enough,
file off between the centre (6) and the top (7), but with great care, for should too much be
taken off, the tone will be spoiled. Then with a very smooth file file straight across the
top of reed to a depth of g of an inch downward; this will leave thin part even and al -
most transparent. Again place the reed on lay (3) and give a side glance at the opening
(5); should it be too close, loosen the top screw of reed-holder and tighten the bottom screw.
Reverse the process if the opening is too large. The flat surface of the reed (») may
become warped and uneven, in which case rub carefully on the large file or on the fin-
est sandpaper laid on a perfectly smooth or flat surface, preferably, plate glass.
When left on the mouth -piece for a few days, all the small faults in a reed may van-
ish; but the real fault may be in the mouth-piece, if located there take the mouth-piece
to the maker or a repair shop for refacing.
If the reed still remains too hard, adjust it on lay so as to show a trifle below top
of the mouth-piece, (13) if too soft adjust it to show above the top (14), this experiment
will at once show the defect. In the first case reduce the reed at end of the curve
(15), in the second case, cut off the top (16)
Future warping of the reed may be corrected by using large file or sandpaper, but
carefully avoid making reed too thin at the heel (17).
T-126
.(14)
(11)
(17)
,.Heel
(10)-
(11)
''X15)
(1)
Thickness
Ligature
or Reed Holder;
(4)
(6)
Piece of cane cut for one reed
\
— uutsi a e
j
=— —
(2) Inside (or
the Surface)
,.(17)
T°P Screw
Bottom Screw
Mouthpiece Complete
With cane cut ready to be shaped
immmiiiiuntiiiiiiiimi
T-iae
RUDIMENTS OF MUSIC
Before the student can commence to play any instrument it is necessary that he should
be acquainted with the rudiments of musical Notation.
The signs, which indicate pitch and duration of a musical sound, are called Notes
figured thus: o J J J1 «H Jj etc.
They are named after seven letters of the alphabet; C. D. E. F. G. A. B. and are writ-
ten on, between, above or below five parallel lines, r=z=
which are determined by Clefs, placed on different lines.
For this instrument, only the treble or G clef £
cond line. «J
The names of the notes on the five lines are
- called the Stave, the names of
is used, which is placed on the se -
: /f a^~^ ~~l~~ » f I
of the four spaces
between the lines:
f. \
3'.
f fH i 2
•
VMJ 1
ft)
F A
C E
E G B D F
of the two above and below the lines :
D
G
These eleven notes are insufficient to indicate the full compass of Sounds in use.
Ledger lines have therefore to be added, above and below the stave in order to signi-
fy higher and deeper sounds.
Notes of the ledger lines above the stave
(cb '
Notes of the ledger lines below the stave (m I i
G
FULL TABLE OF ABOVE NOTES
$ Mil.
— •
— J
r^—
^-
m — '
• — i
in* f f f n P1
m-
*AfiCDEFGA BCDEFGABCDEFGABC
DURATION OF NOTES
Notes may be of longer or shorter Duration which is shown by the peculiar form of each note.
Forms of different notes
Whole note; Half note; Quarter note; Eighth note; Sixteenth note; Thirtysecond note.
The latter three kinds may alsoc
be written in combination thus:
Eighth notes; Sixteenth notes; Thirtyseccnd notes.
COMPARATIVE TABLE OF THE RELATIVE VALUE OF NOTES
A Whole note
equals
2 Half notes
or
4 Quarter note's
or
8 Eighth notes
or
16 Sixteenth notes-
or
32 Thirty second notes
P
P
p_
(r— — »— p
•
*
^
F
P P
BARS
Notes are systematically arranged into bars, marked by one or two lines drawn across
the stave.
One line r
is placed after each bar and each bar contains the same number or
value of notes, and each bar must last precisely the same length of time. The end of a
part of a composition is marked with two lines or a double bar, and if either two or four
dots are found by the side of the double bar thus:=3EEr the whole part from the pre-
ceding double bar, or if there is no earlier double bar then from the beginning of the piece,
is to be played again. This is called a Repeat.
RESTS
"72, •• = — — * — — c~ = — =
t — — n
: *
Z
£
¥
Whole rest; Half rest; Quarter rest; Eighth rest; Sixteenth rest; Thirtysecond rest.
DOTS
A Dot placed after any note or rest increases its value one half, thus:
to
is equal to [ f
to
Two dots placed after a note or rest increase its value one half and a quarter or ff^
21443-& ©
like
etc.
TRIPLETS, SEXTUPLETS, AND ODD GROUPS
Triplets are marked by a 3 being put over a group of three notes. Sextuplets
are marked by a 6 being placed over a group of six notes. Three quarter notes marked
thus
p * | must be played in the same time as two quarter notes [ P P
not so
marked; or six eighth notes ff in the time of four eighth notes ff
not
so marked. There are also groups of five
notes I F F F P P~FP P P II etc.
seven
and nine
TIME SIGNATURES
In, order to know how many quarter notes, eighth notes or sixteenth notes a bar contains,
special figures are placed at the beginning of a movement.
Common Time
Three -four Time
ft ii — w — — m — — -m —
Two -four Time
^^= =9
4
"1 1 1 1
Contains four quarter notes or the
same value in longer or shorter
notes or rests, and four (1,2, 3,4,)
must be counted in a bar.
W
* \ \ I
Contains three quarter notes or
the same value in longer or short-
er notes or rests, and three (1,2, 3,)
must be counted in a bar.
f^
*l 1 U
Contains two quarter
notes etc., and two
(1,8,) must be count-
ed.
TADLE OF TIME SIGNATURES
Simjde Common Times Compound Common Times Simple Triple Times Cmnpouiid Triple Times
£
3^=^
m
£
E$=£
When a line is drawn through the C thus:
ed in a bar.
, which is called alia breve, two* is count-
21443-
SCALES
The ladder-like succession of eight sounds, starting from any note and ascending
or descending by tones and semitones in regular order, is called a Scale, and each
note of a scale is called a Degree.
Between these eight degrees there are seven intervals or distances, five of which
are tones, and two semitones.
There are two principal kinds of scales, termed Major and Minor, whose as-
cension or descension is diatonical: i.e. in tones and semitones, and a third kind,
whose ascension and descension is chromatic: i.e. only in semitones.
For the present, only the Major scale will be discussed. In the Major scale the
semitones are situated between the third and fourth and the seventh and eighth de-
grees of the scale.
EXAMPLE
tone
tone
semitone
tone
tone
tone I semitone
f=£
degree\ /2qd\ /3rd \ ~~J ^ \ / 5th\ /6th\
8th \
Each diatonic scale derives its name from the name of the note on the first degree -
or the root.
There are twelve major and twelve minor scales; but not to burden the student
with their combination at present, only the scale of C will be given.
The distance from one note to another is called an Interval. Two notes
placed on the same degree do not produce any interval, they are said to be in Unison.
The intervals ate named: the Second, the Third, the Fourth, the Fifth, the Sixth,
the Seventh, the Octave, etc.
EXAMPLE
Degrees: c
\ o a 4
0 *• - * f- —
~i£ r — EE f
6 «
r f =£=|
i
Intervals.- Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Octave.
SHARPS
A scale may be formed on any note, but in order to produce semitones between
the third and fourth and seventh and eighth degrees in any order but the scale of C
major, it is required to employ certain characters, which raise degrees, or restore the
pitch of any note in the scale.
^One of these characters is called a sharp ($), which, when prefixed to a note
raises it a half tone.
The number of sharps employed in a scale depends upon which note the scale is
founded.
The sharps succeed each other in the following order:
5
6
sharp, C sharp, 0 sharp, D sharp, A sharp, £ sharp, £ sharp.
Thus it will be seen that if one sharp is employed it must be prefixed to F
consequently all F's in that piece must be raised half a tone. When two sharps are
employed all F's and Cs must be raised, and when three sharps are employed all
F's, C's and G's must be raised and so on.
TABLE OF SIGNATURES OF SHARP KEYS
Number of Sharps:
Names of the Keys:
3
D
E
B
6
FLATS
A flat(b) prefixed to a note lowers it half a tone. The flats succeed each
other in the following order:
6
5gE
r
p :
J }>
» — —
T» ~~
& T
)m
^« -j
a
B flat, E flat, Aflat, J) flat, G flat, C flat, F flat.
The same rule concerning signatures as with sharps is to be observed here.
TABLE OF SIGNATURES OF FLAT KEYS
Number of Flats:
2 345 6
Jvt»
7 IX
Names of the Keys: p
21443 -<C
Bt»
THE MINOR SCALES
Every major scale has its relative minor, the root of which is to be found on the sixth
degree of the major scale. Both scales bear the same signature. There are two kinds of
minor scales, the harmonic and the melodic form.
THE MELODIC MINOR SCALE
The ascending of the melodic minor scale differs from the descending, the former hav-
ing its sixth and seventh degree raised by accidentals not essential to the key. In the ascend-
ing, semitones are situated between the second and third and the seventh and eighth de -
grees, and in the descending between the sixth and fifth and the third and second degrees.
SCALE OF A MINOR
Without Signature; Jlelative to C major.
I tone I semitone I tone I tone I tone tone 'semitone I
=4
l*t degree
|3r.d
5th |
TABLE OF MINOR KEYS WITH THEIR RELATION TO MAJOR
A minor E minor B minor F$ minor C$ minor Gf minor D$ minor A| minor
m
*
m
G major
Gmajor
D major
A major
^=
E major
B major
F| major
C|t major
Dminor G minor C minor F minor E\> minor El> minor Ab minor
t\Jf\ 1
j.
> 1
i t
L>, --|
4-4U» — |
H>i
SE
rvy
rM> — -f
Ib1
m
V
1 '' 1
:
- "^
F major
7t IT
E
-t
.b major
E
\> major
At major
t> >
Db major
Gb major
• , 1 P a —
C\> major
un ' "
•f
-*
K
. '"ZI
?
— »_>.
-i —
THE HARMONIC MINOR SCALE
The Harmonic Minor Scale differs from the Melodic, as only its 7th degree is raised
by an accidental, which remains, whether ascending or descending.
SCALE OF A MINOR
yth 1 8tjx | 7th | 6t.h | 5th [ 4th
21443-,'
THE NATURAL l|
In order to restore a note whieh has been raised by a sharp(#)or lowered by a flat(!4
a Natural % is employed which restores it to its original pitch.
-Thus 3fcilE| F raised by a sharp is restored by the natural ES L J | to its original sound
• 1 ff O '
or (ftl>|» J B flat to (£ Ijf I B natural.
•3' I «J I
THE DOUBLE SHARPx
By prefixing a double sharp x to a note the same must be raised a whole tone.
will sound like G natural (fls J \
Thus F double sharp
THE DOUBLE FLAT \>\>
A double flat H» prefixed to a note depresses the note a whole tone. Thus (ffl^f BW>
-f
(double flat) will sound like A natural 5S
THE PAUSE /
A Pause /c\ placed over a note, means that the note can be sustained to an indefinite
length at the performer's pleasure; the counting being interrupted.
THE CHROMATIC SCALE
Consists of a succession of semitones, which, in ascending are designated by sharps,
and in descending by flats.
Thus:
etc
'ii 'i' rrl!r r'rrrTr |j
J|J
etc.
rr r
21443-
ABBREVIATIONS
Abbreviations are employed in written music to avoid repetitions of a single note or pas-
sage.
Thus instead of writ-
\g four eighth notes:
a half note marked
with a thick line:
wil1 indicate the same'
and
for
1 or I J" I for
Or instead of repeating a bar alike
a sign marked thus '/• is used:
etc.
7. etc
TRANSPOSITION OF THE KEYS
When C is taken as 1, the scale or key is said to be in its natural position; but either of
the other letters may be taken as 1, in which case the scale is said to be transposed. As 1
is the basis of the scale, the foundation on which it rests, so the letter which is taken for
this sound is called the Key-note. Thus, if the scale be in its natural position, it is said to
be in the key of C; if G be taken as 1, the scale is in the key of G; if D be taken as 1 ,
the scale is in the key of D; and so on with the rest of the seven letters ; which ever letter
is taken as 1, that letter becomes the key-note of the scale.
In transposing the scale, the order of the intervals or tones and semitones, must be pre-
served. Thus, the interval must always be a tone from 1 to 2, a tone from 3 to 3, a semitone
from 3 to 4, a tone from 4 to 5, a tone from 5 to 6, a tone from 6 to 7 and a semitone from
7 to 8, The interval from one letter to another letter is also the same and cannot be changed—
thus it is always a tone from C to D, and from D to E, a semitone from E to F, a tone from
F to G, from G to A, from A to B, and a semitone from B- to C. In the transposition of the
scale therefore it becomes necessary to introduce sharps and flats, or to substitute sharped
or flatted letters for the natural letters, so as to preserve the proper order of the intervals.
First transposition by sharps from C to G, a fifth higher, or a fourth lower.
*
"» II
4&
t7 -e-
1
C
0
2
D
1 — o —
3~~
E
^- —
o
— \
F
— ^
— e
5
G
d
6
A
7
B
4to
M
8
C
c»
>F ff
— o —
1 ° 1
— e
«»
3*s —
— n
G
2
A
3
B
4
C
5
D
6
E
7
F#
a
8
G
The same method is followed in the transpositions by sharps, viz: the fifth above or the
fourth below is taken as 1 of a new key in every succeeding transposition and an additional
sharp will be required in every succeeding transposition.
To transpose the scale by flats, we take the fourth (instead of the fifth) of every new
scale. F is the fourth of C; hence it is 1 of the new scale (key of F.) The order of intervals
must be the same in the f{at key as in the sharp; hence the B must be made flat.
21443-
It is clear that there must be a tonal difference between the third from C to E and the third from
E to Ek It has been stated that the tonal difference between two notes on adjacent degrees of the
staff is not always the same, likewise intervals of a third, fourth, etc., vary as to tonal content.
The third from C to E is called a Major (Large) Third (2 full Tones), that from C. to Et is called a
Minor (Small) Third (l tone and a Semi-Tone). This classification of intervals belongs properly to the
study of Harmony and does not necessarily concern the student now. It will be sufficient to make
the transposition by intervals as directed, and remember the scale of the new key we are playing in.
DIFFERENT SHADES OF TONE
means: piano, soft
means: pianissimo, very soft
means: forte, loud
means: fortissimo, very loud
means: mezzoforte, moderately loud
cresc. or - --- ' means crescendo, increasing the sound
dim. decresc. or - means diminuendo, decrescendo, diminishing the sound
sf> rf or > means sforzando, rinforzando, sharply accentuated
fp means: forte -piano, loud and immediately soft again
p/p
f
ff
GRACES, EMBELLISHMENTS OR ORNAMENTS OF MELODY
THE APPOGGIATURA
The appoggiatura is a grace note placed above or below a principal note. When it is placed
above, it is always at the interval of either a tone or a semitone. When it is placed below the
principal note it should always be at the interval of a semitone. When the appoggiatura is
written so
When crossed by a small line,thus:
the value of it is one half of the following note.
ite
its value is but one fourth of the note that
follows it.
Written thus-.
Played thus:
EXAMPLES
h k ,
_
^
I • II «L I iJl >• tr I L
Pa' r II ^JP' J 1^^ fJP JfJ h
i r "i i T ^ ^
There is also a double appoggiatura which is com-
posed of two grace notes placed: the first, one degree be-
low the principal note, and the second, one degree above.
Written thus:
EXAMPLE.
Played thus-.
21443-
THE GRUPPETTO OR TURN
Is composed of three grace notes placed between or after a principal note. The turn is marke'd
thus: 05. A small sharp placed under some of the signs thusrf indicates that the lowest of the
three grace notes is sharpened. Should the sharp be placed above the sign thus do, the upper
grace note must be sharpened; or in case of a sharp above and below the sign c&>, the upper
and lower grace note must be sharpened. The same rule applies to flats, only that the grace
notes must be lowered half a tone in that case.
EXAMPLES
As. written
As played
With sharps and flats
THE PASSING SHAKE
The passing shake, often written thus AV, must be played quick and round in the following man-
ner:
As written
As played
THE SHAKE
The shake or trillo, marked thus tfr consists in the alternate repetition of the note marked,
with the note in the next degree above it.
As written
As played
Chain of Shakes
21443-
Improvements added to the
Evette and Schaeffer System of Saxophones.
First New Patent Key of High B^ and F.
The notes Ell and F above the staff are obtained upon all Saxophones
by using simultaneously three or four keys; the hand to catch these keys
must quit its natural position; and to return again is very difficult.
With Evette and Schaeffef's new patent key S they suppress that dif-
ficulty as shown in the following examples.
The key S shuts automatically the plate (or plateau) of the first finger.
It is very easy to see the many advantages of this new fingering.
Note: See Exercises for this new fingering on pages 90 cfe91.
e
Second New Patent El> Key.
The passing from Bl), C\\ and C| to El> is very difficult on all Saxophones,
and requires great practice and study; various mechanisms have been tried
in remedying this inconvenience; Evette and Schaeffer claim they have
thoroughly succeeded by obtaining the emission of the Eb through the hole
of the El].
The Eb is obtained by lowering the plate 5b_is with the second finger
right hand, third finger being raised. The little finger, which usually
takes the Etkey, thus remains free and the passing from Bt|, Cl| and C|
to El> becomes quite easy.
Note: Se4 Exercises for this new fingering on page 75.
Last Improvement on the
Evette and Schaeffer System of Saxophones.
Three New Patent Keys for the Low Bl>, Bl] and C|.
Owing to the successive improvements made by them to the Saxophone,
the fingering -of that instrument has become very easy.
But it remained yet a question to be solved, viz: how to be able to obtain
the low notes with both hands. However, nothing was more easy, but that
ought to be met with.
Such question to-day was solved out, since, without any new mechanism,
the three notes, low B\>, B^ and Cjt made by the little finger of the left hand,
are also made with the second (or middle) finger of the right hand, by
_ v means of three double spatulus.
It is easy to account for the fact that; since these three notes are made indifferently with both hands,
thence all the most difficult passages become very easy to be made out.
Note: See Exercises for this new fingeringon pages 197, 198, 199 & 200.
Copy right, MCMVU,eyCarrFischerrNew York.
-e-
o
10638-144
Preparatory Exercises
• • • Q/^
For the Production of Tone and Forming the Embouchure.
Note: It is taken for granted, that, the Student has already made himself acquainted with the Rudiments
of Music.
Observation: Each note, in the following exercises, should be touched softly with the tongue by pro-
nouncing the letter Tj the breath must be emitted evenly, so as to produce a long and equal note..
Each exercise between repeat -bars should be repeated till the execution is perfect; and be finished
with the note surmounted by the pause: (/r\).
Exercises.
Pronounce the letter T for each note. Breath should be taken at the sign: (?).
T__ ^L ^ A T •>
3.
T T 5
1.
HI 2.
-e-
-o-
m
^^ A
Names of the notes: G
4.
?
?
1 — - —
5/
0 T
?
?
r\
I — —
1 — ^ — 1
TJ
o *
1 o
•3s
•
^ ® —
*»
— e — 1
*»
E
6.
-o-
7.
* Keep the Octave-key N9 VII open for this D and
the E, F and G.
8.
0
^
gg
~O"
"TT-
s
T '
O
o
10.
ft T ) 5 J ? 5 Oi
i i* '
e,
f
e,
11
e, ,
•
-It
^ A —
»»
a .
s
11.
e
_j
e,
A V
*»
x
«-»
*»
•
Q
j^J
O •
\v
13
F
~rr
~r»~
^
12.
o I «» :
**
Keep Key N9 XII open for this A and the following high notes, and close Key VII.
13.
14.
TT
*» •
**A
T 5
-&-
-O-
-e-131
B
1063S-144
Use no more pressure for this *C than for the C in the third space of the staff.
9" 5
o
«^
vr
15.
e
T
-O-
JCC
*c
Diatonic Scale of C major.
This sign \X shows where the half tones occur.
16.
XL
e.
— *-F
§j_
Cl
H
S
— f»
Q
*•*
"s.
-&-
~CT~
-O-
Exercises on Intervals.
Thirds.
Give a lighter pressure on the reed to produce the lower notes.
T > ? ? ?
17.
-o-
Pass from one note to another without pressure of the lower lip.
) ? ? '
£t.
f^L ^)
— o —
— n —
" II o
p» — fl — "H
" II "
: 1
^ Key VII
open.
IQ raj—
-H —
II
5
— H If
Fourths.
j >
o|0 "U»
, O n
Key XII
open.
J
&- —
Key VII
open.
-C
II *» 1 —
Key XII
open.
— II ° 1
1
1O. V
•
_yj
0 II o 1
v> II o
if
H
II 1
— 1
— H —
Fifths.
0
5 A
O
19.
0
*»
e
°
O
Sixths.
20.
*» o
o
IE
Sevenths.
21.
-e-
-O-
-O-
-O-
10638-144
Octaves.
o
t>
0
«T
0
5
-e-
>
n c~%
-tL
J
n
^-
n
fib o —
— o —
»•» -
II
Ninths.
/r
— o —
U
H
°
ffi =j
-A-
1 0 1
— o — — o —
o . II
71
p — I
f*
)
-e-
1
a.
?
-e-
4> —
s
tJ
5 r.
T¥
O
— o —
»»•
*•* II °
— o —
Very softly.
Shading.
Softly. Half loud.
Loud.
Very loud.
24.35
-o-
-o-
-o-
p
f
25.
-fir
2
7
^-i
?
r? —
?•
— ^ (9
F^=
J
?
gp o
:. ^j
^ gj
— L
c<
^=^
1
— E
^
_cJ
— s
>n p
t^"
rj
v r
rj
|
r* ^\
«»
-fm
fj
l
r
pp
Crescendo: (gradual increase of tone.)
T 9 >
26.
-o^
-o-
n *»
P
-tm
/
0
*»
T5~~ ~«T
'-f
1063S-144
30
Diminuendo: (gradual diminuition of sound.)
T
27.
r*
o
-*r
-P
o
/:
/,
p
3E
~T»-
/=— * f--
-p
-p
f
Crescendo - Diminuendo: (increase and decrease of tone.)
28.
p
0 d — ^>~ o o
/f
DB
W 1
p
jn_
PH
f\
*»
*»
*J 0 " T^ — - *-
* 5 5 9
^ i. '
^ .. ?
r
•^ —
^,
~
"^
j 5
^ 2
tf^
j^J
c, 5
n
5*>
J f
^^
V
s
•
Exercise to Acquire Evenness in Passing from B to C.
T 9 9 ? ?
29.
TT"
Exercises on Time.
The Student will now observe the value of the notes.
Common or Four-four time.
— T ' , T ¥-
30.
HE
^
e
Count mentally: 1, 2, 3, 4. 1, 2, 3, 4. 1, 2, 3, 4. 1, 2, 3,4. 1, 2, 3, 4. 1, 2, 3, 4. 1, 2, 3, 4. 1, 2, 3, 4.
9 ) )
1234.
T T. T
1,2,3,4. 1,2,3,4
J
i
rnrrrijrrrirrr
e=^z
3E
Count: 1,2, 3, 4. 1,2,3,4.
10638-144
1,2,3,4.
1, 2,3,4.
31
Two-four time.
32.
33.
n rr T m , ' i ' i — ' «
r »»
n
/
f*
m J
1
1
P «
1
fj
-ft
\ Pi
•
g
•
r F
Q
1
Sj
• J 4-
t,
•—
f
e
1
13
: /, ,2. /, ,2. /, -2.
r>
WP
£
- /, 2. 1, 2.
Three -four time. Observe the notes with dots placed after them.
34.
rt r T, T,« , o ?
J' M
m '
• ^
A *2
J
A A A
~j
r p
• J «
r^ •
Tffl % ]T)
•
rJ •
• r • -r r
1
• . r
Count: 1, 2, 3. 1, 2, 3. 1, 2, 3.
T T T ?
1, 2, 3.
: /, 2, 3.
2, 3.
*' 2>
> 2>
Six-eight time.
Count: 1, ^ 2. 1, 2.
T '
2
Count also: 1, 2,3, 4,5, 6. 1,2,3, 4,5, 6.
1,2,3,4,5,6.
Exercises in Slurring.
These exercises should be played at first slowly, and when the fingering has been acquired smoothly,
they should be repeated many times, gradually increasing in speed.
Tongue only the first note of the Slur, and continue the tone till the second.
3
-jr
T T 177?'-'
r
7/
, I*
ff
t\\ j f^
tf"* tf^ *-*
J ' ' 43
a
—^
o o ** 41 ^^
*) -^
Count: 1,2,3,4.
9 ^-T--?I
— '
1,2,3,
2
*.
^
n —
•— _
— "
^»—
~r» —
s^.
^ ?
o
-e-
— ^
. —
-»•
^ —
-^ ?
p— 1>— r— « 1 — O — i ° i — ° p- — l— —i— ™i
-^
•
}_o o —
— o —
Tongue first note of the slur.
T y T
: /, ^ ^,/. 1,2,3,4.
— \
?
7
7
s
»-^
— 1
— ^ '_
- —
-rr-|
-W
eJ
^ J g
^
0
~-^
-+
1 eJ
• —
—-'
u
•
— n —
~-^
— o —
_--^~
—
i)
\
1063S-144
(9 n i O
ffr'iff
33C
Count: 1,2, 3, 4.
5
-o-
40.
-f-^
~~ -^
I
^^-
?
n — ^ —
^^*
<Q
—
P
— — ^
9
5
^
«£:
r^
9 —
— .
rj
y
-~_
& —
^
ry
«9
•^.
f3
6K tt o
tt
i
Z F->
zc
i
>,'
r? —
'
'
1 f p I
~fn
^H
*"!
~T^
r*—
"n
e— -
£^
^ — i
-?^
'^ i*D
r^ — fi
W)
• — i
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10638-144
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1063S-247
34
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10638-347
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10638-247
36
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10638-247
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10638-247
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59.
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10638-247
39
Progressive Exercises on Time.
Observe the Rests.
Common or Four-four time.
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Three-four time.
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1063S-247
40
Count: 1, 2, 3. 1,2,3.
Three-eight time.
Count: 1, 2, 3. 1, 2, 3.
Six-four time.
T
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1, 2, 3.
Count: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. 1, 2, 3, 4, ff, 6.
123
Nine- four time.
Count: 1 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,8,9.
456
1, 2, 3.
Nine-eight time.
Count: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.
1,2,3, 4, S, 6, 7, 8, 9.
Observe the Articulation.
Twelve-eight time.
Count: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12.
T T T^_ T T T T T
41
72.3
Six-eight time.
Count: 1, 2, S, 4, 5, 6. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
Count: 1, 2. 1,
P
2.
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P i r p r p I r/
Exercises on Dotted Notes.
74.
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10638-847
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Exercises on Rests.
The Rest on the first beat.
so.
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The Rest on the second beat.
i
81.
Count: 1, 2, 3, 4. 1, 2, 3, 4.
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10638-247
The Rest on the third beat.
43
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10638-247
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Count: 1,
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
Twenty Progressive Exercises.
For Saxophone.
The Student should play all the following- exercises slowly at first, until he is certain of the finger-
ing. Repeating- each over and over again, he should quicken the tempo, so as to acquire facility of ra-
pid execution, and never proceed to a new exercise until the one in hand has been mastered.
N91.
PAUL de VILLE.
91.
N9 2.
4
TT
10(?3S-247
Copjrright,MCMXI,by Carl Fischer, N.Y.
44 -*
N9 3.
93. WE
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10638-347
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10638-247
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N99.
Moderate.
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N9 10.
Allegretto
100.
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49
N9 11.
Allegretto.
N9 12.
Allegretto.
N9 14.
Allegretto.
10638-247
50
MS IB.
Allegretto.
105
ffrfrrrmrrfr
51
NQ18.
Allegretto.
T
N9 19.
Allegro.
T
1063S-247
Eighteen Exercises in articulation.
111.
NQ 2.
112.
or r r
N93.
F"^ r r i » -=*qg
113.
•— »—
N9 4.
114.
N9B.
53
N9 7.
N9 9.
119.
NQ 10.
120.
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121.
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NO 12. T
1063S-247
54
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10638-247
Preparatory Exercises on the High Notes.
Thirds.
f
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55
129.
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Fourths.
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10fi38-247
56
Sevenths.
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Octaves.
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lOf,38-247
Chromatic Scale of the Saxophone.
57
Ordinary System.
PAUL de VI LIE.
Ascending by sharps.
Descending by flats
System with C Shake Key and B Flat with the Two Fore -fingers.
139
Evette and Schaeffer System.
o
o
o
o
Exercise in Sharps and Flats
Ascending by sharps.
141.
Descending hy flats.
10f.3.S-847
Copyright, MCMVII, by Carl Fischer, New York.
Major and Minor Scales in all Keys.
A thorough knowledge of the scales in all keys is most important; the ability to perform them all
with equal facility is an absolute requisite to a really good performer.
Every scale should therefore be studied in the following manner: Commence by playing it slowly at
first; repeat it many times and at each repetition increase the time slightly. In the keys with several
sharps, or flats, more especially in those the signatures of which consist of four or more accidentals,
the fingering of some intervals is difficult, on account of the mechanism of the instrument. These awk-
ward intervals should be repeated over and over again until an easy mastery over them is secured.
No pupil should rest satisfied as long as he finds any interval of a scale a stumblingblock to its easy
and perfectly smooth execution.
Rapid tonguing (staccato) is very difficult, and can only be acquired by patiently exercising the
tongue, making it a point to increase its flexibility by daily practice.
C major.
(All naturals.)
This sign \/ shows where the half-tones occur.
by Paul de Ville.
142.
A minor.
(Relative of C major.)
143.
F major.
(One flat.)
144.
D minor.
(Relative of F major.)
145.
B[> major.
(Two flats.)
146.
G minor.
(Relative of Bk major.)
147. ^S
10638-847
Copyright, MCMXI,by Carl Fischer,N.Y.
El> major.
(Three flats.)
59
148.
C minor.
(Relative of Eb major.)
149.
Ab major.
(Four flats.)
£
ISO.*
tez
P
£
F minor.
(Relative of A\> major.)
151
Dt> major.
(Five flats.)
152.
Bb minor.
(Relative of D\> major.)
153.
G\> major.
(Six flats.)
,T
y^ i
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El> minor.
(Relative of G\> major.)
155
10638-247
60
C\> major.
(Seven flats, every note flat.)
156,
Ab minor.
(Relative of C\> major.)
157.7FmjI
*M"P.r lit
G major.
(One sharp.)
158.
tfti ^^
^^ ^^- J
o ^P ° *
'^^ ^— •
~^^ t
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-^
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E minor.
(Relative of G major.)
159
D major.
(Two sharps.)
160.
B minor.
(Relative of D major.)
161.
A:inajor.
(Three sharps.)
162.
F# minor.
(Relative of Amajor.)
4
s
163.
:z2i
10638-247
E major.
(Four sharps.)
61
164.
165.
mnor.
(Relative of E major.)
166.
168.
169.
170.
B major.
(Five sharps.)
mnor.
(Relative of B major.)
maor.
(Six sharps.)
mnor.
(Relative of F# major.)
C# major.
(Seven sharps, all notes sharp.)
A# minor.
(Relative of C# major.)
10638-247
62
Major and Minor Chords in the Keys most used.
C major.
A m i n o r.
F major.
D minor.
B\> major.
G minor.
At major.
F minor.
G major.
E minor.
D major.
B minor.
10638-247
Sixty Exercises of Mechanism.
63
The exercises of mechanism have for their object the formation of the fingering by habituating each
finger to act separately or simultaneously.
By these exercises may be acquired that equality of fingering and that purity of tone which are the
finest qualities of an Instrumentalist.
In the following exercises the student must accentuate the sound upon the first note of each di-
vision of the bar.
Each bar or each sketch should be played eight or ten times and as a finish play the note after
the dotted double bar.
All the notes should be slurred, ascending passages played crescendo, descending passages di-
minuendo. (See exercises on Shading, pages 29 and 30).
breath after the first note in the bar. '
2.
10638-847
24.
25.
10638-247
44. Ke ep the Cff -key open
Keep the Df-key open
43 . Keep the Gjf-key open
47 Keep the Atf-key open.
Keep the D#- key open.
10638-247
52.
10638-247
Fifty Exercises from low Bb to F above the staff.
Saxophone ByA.MAYEUR.
Revised by Paul de Ville.
"1VO \
*
67
N9 3.
m
j. jj jj
N?4.
±
j
JU jj J j
N95.
J J
10639-103
Copyright, MCMXI, by Carl Fischer, New York
68
N96.
N97.
3*
N98.
r jj 'kJ w " 'jj^j !u J^ J y y^jjjl
f^
N99.
Keep C|-key open.
*l
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1
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N91O.
__ _ __ __ __ __
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$j fl*-^* * w 9 9 Ifov Wpw*w • ^ » ^ m ~ m ~ 9 — 9 - ucy
69
N911.
Keep Et-key open.
JJjlJ J J J JJ
J JjJJJJ J J J* J J
N916.
10639-103~
70
N917.
/fit
— — —
— — —
— — —
g>rbo
c
-©
a
-e
i-fl
n
N918.
* Take F(t or Gl> with the key XIII; improved fingering. (Evette and Schaeffer System.)
(V
k-C?
u
L
D
L.
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tt^ » ._.
Gt-key XIII,
N919.
Fjt plate N95.
10639-103
N?SO.
Fjf plate N9 5, keep the key G# N9 V open. (Evette and Schaeffer System.)
71
rSL I,
— _ — i
•
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vyfta
,
\_
~- —
II f.
1
qS
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Keep the C#-key closed.
Keep the C$-key closed.
Fj|-key XIII.
Ffl-key XIII.
^
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i
6
6
s
•
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- — .
I
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en • •
Keep the Al>-key open. (Evette and Schaeffer System.)
3
^^
._*r.
•«
_d ,
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at
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10639-103
N923.
Keep the Oft -key open. F| with plate N9 5
^r\
1*—
"Hh
-=-i
=
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^"v.
•«^
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8.* Fingering. Sn.d Fingering. 3r-d Fingering. 4Q Fingering.
o
Vl~o
1=1 O
o
o
o
o
o,
o
Fingering of A# or
N9S4.
Take E\> I5.1 fingering with key VI or the 4*.° fingering (l?t finger left hand stretched on the plate lbls,
the plates N? 1 and lbls closed.) Evette and Schaeffer System.
o
o
o
J
»
Bk with 1st fingering or with 4th fingering.
Bt 1s!* fingering.
N9 25.
Bt Sn.d fingering, keep the plate F N9 4 closed.
10639-103^
N9S6.
Aft or Bb 3r_d fingering, keep the plate Ffl or G!> N9 5 closed.
73
Tar
— •
~-g—
J-
SE
—
—
—^
=*
^=
-
: ?
»~ »
A | 3r.d fingering and keep Gfl open.
I
W-o-d
^^
N9S7.
B!> or A
fingering.
*-^ --H9 — ~
*-«-»
B\> 4^ fingering.
f
P
Keep the Ab-key open.
Bt 4th fingering.
TiH
•
=
•
i-
i«
.
u -
Sa
•
^~^
•
— •*
^=J
^
*s
— e
^=8
*s
— 61
^=J
=t
T
IT
&
t
^
^ _ i
^3
. p<
*
^
^
-•
—
^—
L^
— ^
-^J
— *
— *
-^*
^2
10639-103
74
: J * J-Fah-fr^Vr-' J • J +¥~~^
f ^ ' 0^ ' ^V ^^^^^
Bt> 4^ lingering, keep the Al?-key open
N9S8.
d fingering.
I
1
SE
4
--
~ ; ;
.-
^^7
c
N939.
r r i r
Take C with the key VI B.
10639-103
75
Keep the At-key open.
1st fingering.
Bb 1st fingering.
A| 2n.d fingering.
6 ^ ^^ 6
-6-
gbis
-e—
N930.
New Eb, (Evette and Schaeffer System.) To give E!> take the plate 5bls.
f
10639-103~
76
Keep A\> open .
i
3
Keep the D\> key open.
Keep the A!> key open
4^ fingering and keep the D!> open.
N931.
!P)» •• •
z: zz
rrmrrr
fingering.
7m m • p^l I i»^|> • U^ -»
Alt S^d fingering.
'*
'•
FrF
10639-103
T7
Att 3r_d fingering and keep the Gffopen.
A* 3r.d fingering and keep the Ftf plate closed.
N9 22.
X ft —
rj —
9
»3 —
o —
p — ~ —
n»~
»3 K
cM"
-
^-
1
Take the D with key IX and keep the C« plate closed.
[)-
o- II."
X"*
(9
^
s*
-^"
/?
^V;
X"
e
~^v
X"
ff
-^
E5
V
T3 « ~" — ""
]' " F
P
N9 33.
t^=E
m
Take the D with the key VIII and the plates open
10639-103
78
N934.
Keep E\> and Bb Sn-d or 4th fingering.
>0\
222:
r r r i r wfff
-d fingering.
6
4th fingering.
Keep At> and Eb always open.
10639-103
At 3r-d fingering and keep Enclosed
N935.
Keep the D$ key open.
N9 36.
rj ., ...11 i
n 1
ftM*
~ — If^
-
10639-103
80
Keep Bl> 2nd fingering.
N9 37.
G\> key XII
A#
fingering and keep the F$close
T
10639-103
81
N9 38.
N9 39.
Keep the El> key open.
Keep Al> open.
10639-103
N940.
ffrT i^rfTr
Keep G$ open.
rrrrr
Keep Gjt open.
f p if r ir
i
6 -±j+- 6 -±1+- 6
91
10639-103
83
N941.
Bb I8* or 4th fingering.
A| 2nd fingering.
"rrrfrrrfi¥frfrfrr
Bl> 2n.d fingering.
p h
x^
K.
*
6
^
\
m.
6
i
«.
0
•
«
rt
---
*~s.
X
k
x*
•.
—
(9
OL
6
•
•.
«
i
m.
6
•
¥
^^
V
=1
Bb 3n-d fingering and keep F closed.
10639-103
84
Bk 3r-d fingering, keep Gt and Eb open.
N9 43.
B\> 4th fingering. (Evette and Schaeffer
4th fingering B\>.
Bl> 4th fingering, keep AP o
10639-103
N9 44.
85
.rf.rf.r-.ffff.ffrf.f-.rf
C key VI B.
N945.
10639-103
86
Keep G# open.
For the Sixteenth-notes keep the C plate closed and take the Pi] with the key IX.
m
Erff.frfr.f
^rfr.frfr.f
Fff.fTff.f
fw.pfff.fmfpw.f
Keep B!> 2n-d fingering.
Vft \>
f^i ^-i •£• Vft >£\
Keep B\> 2n-d fingering.
r.-T ~^ Ul
o 5 ' Q
'ifii£
always 2n-d fingering
10639-103
88
N9 48.
tee
tt
E££f,fFFf,fFPf,E
itfrfrttfff
,f . ,rf rf ,f f r f.r
ffffrFrf.p irr'f'ffFffirr'fTFffrrr
10639-103
89
N949.
ffff
€.'
10639-103
90
Exercises for the new key of E^ and F above the staff.
Evette and Schaeffer System.
N950.
10639-103
91
rffifffr
10639-103
Twenty- one Exercises on Detached Notes,
in different Keys.
K<
=*
jot
r-f*— 1
c.
£
•v * p
=T?=
— m —
i_ ^ P « i r ^
rFjfr* i
3
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p — '
n
•-
•-
w—\
^
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G
—
r o
•f
Key of F.
10638-247
93
Key of Et.
5.
Key of Ak
6.
J
T
£l
Key of C
7.
Key of F.
I. „
8.
fcd
10638-247
94
Key of Bk
fr — (•
Key of Ak
11.
10638-247
95
Key of G.
10638-247
96
Key of D.
16.
p
Key of A.
Keep G sharp key open
(Evett'e and Schaeffer System.)
17.
-/
H-
fe
r
• —
•
m
9
9
- ^
3
€;
t± . ;
=f=
=F=
«
— a
«
— J
— J
a
— J
Key of E.
Keep G sharp key open
(Evette and Schaeffer System.)
m
10fi.38-247
97
Key of B.
19.
=*
I.
Key of
10638-247
98
Twenty-seven Exercises for gaining execution
in the different Keys.
C major.
J.A.KAPPEY.
Edited by PAUL de VILLE.
10638-347
Copyright, MCMXI,by Carl Fischer, New York.
99
A minor.
G minor.
10038-247
100
D major.
8.3
f-m-*
B minor.
9.
Fjf minor.
n-fi
^
1
8 — i
--w^^^
'
^^^--
-^
f
^
•-^
P^J
' =55
t,
r^
-^
— *
•
=^=
-^
^
-^
•
10638-247
101
Ek major.
r 1 1*
C minor.
ffrrrrrr
1»- ^S 5
i
1063S-247
102
C# minor.
-A*
1 C ~7T~
i*
. '
— —
i
—
-— -—
^
1
-— —
— —
*
15. -Cm-
•r
J.--B
•
~m
*
-*
_l
^
Ab major.
10638-247
103
major.
Allegretto.
G# minor.
19.
m
j)J J J
1
K • • ))
iE
F# major.
20.3
10638-247
104
Dl> major.
10638-247
105
Bb minor.
X \\>i \>. &
23.
Gl> major.
Andantino.
Jr J'i 1?.
Mr r
El? minor.
^
J f IIP "
^^
J
t;
10638-247
106
Allegretto.
rffffffn
10638-247
107
108
Three Exercises on Staccato.
Practise at first slowly, then quicken the time till they can be played Allegro.
Allegretto
Allegretto.
10638-247
109
Allegretto.
P »y :f
-r 3
. 3
->
I" —
>-
^~-
.5-
*
*
4<
"13
-
±
3
I
^> nf f r rf r r-T^MTH"
lOf.38-247
110
Grace-notes and Embellishments.
These are of considerable variety, and consist of simple grace-notes, (appoggiatura), double
grace-notes, (double appoggiaturas); the turn, (Gruppetto) indicated by the sign ess or 3 and con-
sisting of three or four notes" of a fixed order, and gruppettos of more than four notes. With
referance to the longer ornamental phrases, or Gruppettos, it is necessary to state that the
the manner of writing them has gradually undergone great alteration. Formerly the simple
Melody was written in full notes, and all the embellishments in half-sized ones, (called by the
general name of: grace notes); but in our time the composers prefer to write embellishments
in full notes, thus making them an integral part of the Melody.
A further ornament is the short, or passing Shake, (Mordente,) indicated: ^w, and the full
Shake, or Trill, indicated thus: tr, an abbreviation of the Italian word "TrilloV
Lastly there is the Cadenza, an elaborate ornamental phrase, mostly performed as a grand
final climax to bravura pieces. In ancient music the Cadenza was left to the inventive gen-
ius of the singer or instrumental performer, and merely indicated thus: ^ fv ; but at pre-
sent composers prefer to write the Cadenzas in full. Cadenza.
As a rule ornaments should not be added by a performer except where they are indicat-
ed by the Composer.— Some ordinary performers are under the delusion that it "shows off"
a player if he can "beautify" a piece with grace-notes and shakes, and trembling breath, and
other means. This is offensive to good musical taste, and amounts to mere vulgarity. _ "But
when embellishments are introduced at the right place, and performed by an "artist',' their
style of execution furnishes a criterion for the estimate of the artist's schooling and deli-
cacy of feeling.
Examples.
Grace-note, or Appoggiatura.
The most frequent "Appoggiatura',' (literally "jammed note}') is written thus
lique stroke through stem and hook.
, with an ob-
This is invariably played very quickly.
Allegretto.
Example:
10638-247
Ill
But there are cases, more especially in ancient music, where the grace-note has no stroke
through the stem. These are to be played as if they were written in full notes, the time value
of which is to be taken from the note to which it is slurred. Per example, if the grace-notes
in the preceding exercise had no strokes through the stems *?
Written:
Played:
Written:
Played:
*)lt would be played thus:
J) F A
Appoggiaturas of various durations.
Andante.
gE
£
-&-
£
,
£=Z2
i
m
m
Written:
Played:
r\ t*
V
v»
"** '
1 1
*~*
'Jt S
fm \J
^
eJ
rt
P* -
*^C "*^
f^ftf^r
• • * ••
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rJ
D
r
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m
m
V
/i /•
" 'V
K ly
r
j ' f
rfh »J
1
' r
i
LJ
— — >•-
Moderate.
Exercise.
•*
^f-' %» ' ^
10638-247
112
The "Double Appoggiatura" or Double Grace-note.
Is always performed rapidly, and its value is deducted from the preceding4 note, 'so that the
following- note falls exactly upon the. time-beat.
Exercises.
Written. _ »
m
Allegretto
Written.
Allegretto.
Played.
- ^
Moderate.
Written. x^— ^
4
Moderate
Played.
10638-847
113
Exercise.
Andantino.
fc
The "Turn',' (Gruppetto).
May be of three, four, or even five notes, upwards or down, written in full or by the signs oc
(upwards) or 2 (down). Any accidental over or under the sign, ^ e£ jt «fo, indicates that the high-
est or lowest note of the turn should be either $ ortj, as indicated. Its time-value is always
taken from the preceding note.
Written.
Written
10638 -241?
114
Andantino.
£
When the Turn is between similar notes, it always consists of three notes.
^h
1
• •* f
v
~-s.
- -P-
1 —
•— PH
•••«.»- — c-^= —
^s — N
J ' . r - l=i
L
(en — ^••« —
_ _5
i r ' p i
^=fef
r i
-«i — 4 — i — *—
When it is placed between ascending notes, it consists of four notes. (Upward turn.)
fc
When it stands betw^een descending notes, it con-
drrfr
sists of four notes, the first of which is the lowest, and the third the highest. (Downward turn.)
-p^~ > - P =qj
It must, however, be remarked that there is no absolute rule, and it depends upon the artistic con-
ception of the performer, whether he prefers the upward or downward execution of an indicated turn.
The preceding exercise is to be performed in the following1 manner:
. Andantino.
Gruppettos of more than four notes are not so frequent, but examples by Rossini and other
composers will be found in operatic melodies, and also some Cadenzas.
to 6 a 8 -447
The Shake.
(Trill.)
115
This is indicated by the sign tr, an abbreviation of the Italian word: Trillo, (trill,) and consists of a
rapid alternation of the note over which the sign tr is placed, with the next note above.
The shake may consist of a full tone, or a semitone, according to the key of the piece, and the posi-
tion of the note in the scale of the key. Shakes present little trouble if they are executed with the first
or second finger; but much greater difficulty is experienced if they are to be done by the third, andmore
so with the fourth or little finger. This is due to the anatomical construction of the hand; the ability to
execute a good shake with the latter two fingers can only be acquired by presevering exercise, and great
trouble has to be taken to equalise the rapid'ty of all fingers; a few shakes have even to be performed by
the thumb. Every shake must be practised at first slowly, and the rapidity of the finger should, in the dai-
ly exercises be increased gradually, until the required speed is attained. The close or end of a shake
should consist of a turn.
Table of Shakes.
tr
PAUL de VILLE.
tr
Keep the D $ opened.
Keep the E \> opened and move
together the plates Nos. 5 and 6 .
£99
tr
tr
Keep the F t| and move the key XIII
10639-103
Copyright, MCMVII, . by Carl Fischer, New York.
116
Keep the G jj opened and move
the plate of F $
Two ways to shake A \> with B \> .
ls-t keep the A \ opened and the left hand plates closed
and move the key VI.
2^take the new B \> (Evette and Schaeffer System) keep the
A \> opened and move together the plates NO 2 and 3 of
the left hand.
Keep the plate of B and move
the plate of F fa
Keep the plate of C closed, the key VI
being opened and move the plate N? 1
left hand.
The C with the key VIb.is
10639-103
I
117
... tr
;'lJ> *»
tr
Keep the plate of C closed and move the key IX.
tr
-o-
All the plates opened and move the key N9 VIII.
together the keys VIII and IX.
Keep the key of D and move the key of Kb .
You can play a succession or chain of shakes up or down without ending, keeping the end for the last
shake of the succession or chain.
tr^^ ~~/T" tr &
Example.
You can play a succession or chain of shakes up, in adding an end at each shake.
tr & ^tr>_ tr ^tr a tr «
10639-103
Example.
mY -~s —
118
The Mordent, or Passing Shake.
A brief shake, indicated thus -w, consists of a few rapid alternations of the note with the one next a-
bove it, having- neither beginning nor end. They occur mostly in rapid movements.
Allegro
/w
Written.
1.
Played.
Allegro.
\\
Written.
2.
Played.
Examples,
Presto.
'W
Written.
3.
In very rapid
time it would
be played Thus"
Exercises on Shakes.
tr tr tr tr tr tr tr tr
)f — T^ ^~\ r^ a r^ — O, — RT r^ — fr
., , tr r tr fr tr tr ^ . fr
10639-^03
119
3.
J II. Rf \>
tr
Moderate.
- •«•
4.
fr-Ftrr^
5 &S
Allegretto.
5.
10639-103
180
6.
tr
fr
.ir.tr
tr m tr M tr
r r
n.r
tr tr
tr tr tr
i
7.
I
10639-103
Fifteen Cadenzas.
121
10639-103
122
Fantaisie on Norma.
Recit.
7.
lively
8.
11.
10639-103
123
Trill F sharp with G sharp.
^^
/CN
ii-»t»
Introduction of the Adagio of the pathetic sonata of Beethoven.
10689-103
124
o ->jr~
Andante.
L a KTr »"!
^ — v
^. i F — n
* r"l
^
^T — * —
> —
^ t/ r"
2 3S£
» a *'-
i
Andante et lentement.
10639-103
135
Ten Duets
For Two E\> or Two Bb Saxophones.
A.MAYEUR.
Revised, by Paul de Ville.
1.
•) ^T3 ¥ *
10639-103
Copyright, MCMVII, by Carl Fischer, New York.
126
Allegro moderate.
*i
10639-108
127
10639-103
128
Andante
10639-103
Allegro moderate.
m
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120
^=^
^
5.
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1:
m
10639-103
130
PS
^
1
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£
£
X ^
i
g^i
5
J J J J
2
^^
a
H3 3
10639-103
131
tr
^fef
$
m
P
10639-103
132
Andante moderate.
10639-103
133
rt j>.
^
r± j>
im
^
p
10639-103
80l-filit)01
134
i
p
i
10639-103
Andante.
135
^p
7.
m
0—0
i
sa
10639-103
136
V 7 |J' 7 J' 7
10639-103
137
r
10639-103
138
Allegretto.
.1
• — •
>p#
i^~f
f-
f^
.^ — •
•*v
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~~——
-x
f-
i
x^"
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--^
\
* ,
s— —
/*
—*-\
• -~.
Lj^_
^~,
•^.
—•i
^-
J r r
-^
3—
10639-103
139
P
10639-103
140
Allegro.
9.
10639-103
141
10639-103
143
Allegretto.
(KiiT-Trc
10639-103
143
10639-103
144
Six Duets
for Two Eb or Two Bb Saxophones.
NQ 1.
Moderate.
H. KLOSE.
Revised by Paid de Ville.
a
,5>
PI
M^
W
P
rt /TJ" "X •
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2
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€
— ==zz
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4=
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fi
• • ' J •
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10638-847
Copyright, MCMXI, by Carl Fischer, New York.
145
10638-247
146
NO 2.
Allegro non troppo
10638-247
147
s=^
10638-247
148
NQ 3.
Andantino
149
NQ 4.
Moderate.
10638-247
150
10638-247
151
beJ
. •
P
i
w
* — 1»
10638-347,
153
legeremente
10638-247
153
. . J J .
10638-247
154
NQ5.
Andante.
1.0638-247
155
fa\> \>*m* m{ . ~ —
^
^_ • *-• *••'
3^-
^=F^
-^
^ ,r f7>
5f,
6 —
i
i
F^
i
=
fY\
1
^
1
-
rp
i
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— ^^™1~
II
JF \ """"
K
[\
S^
•^^
^~
-. 1
K
A. » ••
J
I)
^ •
A*
•
E
Oh ^ r
•
V '
• '
r
r
•
• • '
J J J
y
NO 6.
Moderate.
A
^
s
m&
g
v^.
10638-247
156
10638-247
157
10638-247
158
Exercises on Eighth Notes and Sixteenth Notes.
Moderate.
Moderate.
10639-103
159
Andante .
Moderate
10639-103
160
Moderate .
Exercises on Dotted Eighth Notes and Sixteenth Notes.
10639-103
161
Exercise with Sixteenth -note Rests.
Exercise on Dotted Sixteenth -notes and Thirty -second-notes.
10639-103
162
Exercise with Thirty- second-note Rests.
Exercises on Triplets,
-3-
3
10639-103
163
m pTFrrT
P
10639-103
164
1063a-i03
165
Forty Exercises on the Slurred and Detached Notes.
for Saxophone A.MAYEUR.
Two slurred and two detached. Edited by Paul de Ville.
^JIMJtfJMJ,
10639-103
Copyright, MCMVII, by
YorJc.
166
Two detached and two slurred.
10639-108
167
Three slurred and one detached
l
10639-108
168
Slurred in groups of two. (Play evenly the two notes.)
10639-i08
169
Slurred in groups of four.
10639-103
170
One detached and three slurred.
(The first note should be well marked, and separated.)
One detached, two slurred and one detached.
10.
tt
Reversed slur.
(Accent the first note of the slur.)
10639-103
Slurred in groups of two.
10fi38-247
172
Three slurred and one detached.
15
One detached and three slurred.
(The first note should be well marked and separated.)
10638-247
173
\
Slurred in groups of four
Three slurred and one detached
Two slurred and two detached
^TI * i v •
10638-24*7
174
Three slurred and three detached.
22
*. .-'i ^~- e . . ^-^ff . e
Slurred in groups of two.
One detached and three slurred
10638-247
175
Two detached and two slurred.
Four slurred and tw
^ -^
One detached, th_ree slurred^and two detached.
^ff^~ 6' fi o^
Slurred in groups of six
10638-247
176
Slurred three and detached three.
Slurred two and detached two.
Slurred three and detached five.
1063 S- 247
Detached one and Slurred three.
177
Slurred two and detached six
Slurred two and detached two
10638-247
178
Slurred in groups of twelve
Slurred two and detached two.
Slurred in groups^of four.
106 38-^47
Seventeen Exercises on Syncopation.
179
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Syncopation between two Eights.
The note preceding the syncopation must be separated, and the quarter well marked.
pr
Three Syncopated Notes preceding a Half-note.
<y
"•r ' I
T
i
pip
ioeas-247
Syncopated Slurs.
The accent must not be made by the throat, but by the action of the finger falling- like a hammer on the hole.
The first eight measures which are slurred should be played with one breath until the rest. But should
the movement be two slow, breath can be taken after the quarter-note preceding the syncopation.
r
n
Moderate.
15
Allegretto.
16
10638-247
184 Twenty Operatic Melodies
for the study of phrasing and artistic delivery.
Compiled by PAUL de VILLE.
It is difficult to give verbal instructions how to perform in an artistic style. The great point
consists in delivering a melody as if it were rendered by a great Singer. The student should uti-
lize every opportunity to hear good vocal artists and model his delivery of "Cantabile" pieces
after their example. Of course there are many artistjc details for an instrumentalist which lie
outside the vocal art, and ought to be imitated from the performances of the best instrumental
performers.
Especial care should be taken with the articulation; the tongue must touch the reed in staccato
passages at the very tip, crisp and clear. If the articulation is produced by the tongue covering
too much of the reed, the tone will be forced and vulgar. The dynamic shadings should be clear-
ly brought out, without resorting to extremes; vibrating the breath ought to be strictly avoided,
and the ''roulades" (long vocal passages) must be fingered with the greatest precision, so that no
break occurs.
Norma.
N91
Andante con moto.
n^
BELLINI.
• ~" ~-- '
(&*' J
1
fe£
• ' J J -
1 1 y \ •
-^-\
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Andantino.
Cavatina"!! Pirata!'
?
BELLINI.
io:»;s-247
Copyright, MDilXI, by Carl Fischer, New York.
La Traviata.
Adagio.
185
VERDI.
N9 3.
dolce
dolce
i^-
P-
Allegro moderate.
Martha.
FLOTOW.
N94.
^^ ±
LJ
• i •
P
m
10K3S-247
186
IlTrovatore
Andante.
VERDI.
cresc. _ . j?
Ah! Che La Morte.
La Sonnambula.
Allegro moderate.
BELLINI.
->F —
**
•— -
w —
9 —
9' "\
j-^
9-
fc—
P—
»-i_
piq
Pf — ^ —
~9T~
=f=
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-M-
—^
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;^-H
10633-247
Martha.
Larghetto.
187
FLOTOW.
^5
N98
P
i
P
r p i r P i c_r r
Allegro.
Luisa Miller.
VERDI.
, ^. • f- •
Moderate
Norma.
BELLINI.
188
Largo.
Giulio Cesare.
N911. 3
HANDEL.
dolce
Efe
J1J.
r
Fine.
^
Moderate.
Lucia di Lammermoor.
r r r n ir
D.S.al Fine.
DONIZETTI.
P--
r r r
Mir r r
0 m 0
w=»
string.
rail.
10638-347
N913.
E Ebreo.
Tempo di Polacca.
ad lib.
Der Forster.
BALLADE.
Larghetto
RECITATIV.
Andante.
Tadenza ad lib.
Belisario.
ROSSINI.
a tempo
10038-247
Cadenza
190
Cadenza ad lib
10638-247
Allero. (J--- «
gr
60)
La Gazza Ladra.
191
ROSSINI.
^
EJ^rfrr
'iLfr^rLfn^
10638-247
192
La Sonnambula.
Moderate.
BELLINI.
i
N9 17.
dolce
10638-247
Ernani.
Allegro con brio.
193
VERDI.
^fe
N918.^^^^
mf
rit. con grazia
10638-347
194
The Huguenots.
Andanto.
pcantabile congrazia
r
MEYERBEER
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J23
a
>> ^— >'^>
m
/r\ /r\
nrp"
>^~. > /^'^ A.
Cadenza ad lib.
10638-247
Air from Masaniello
Andante.
N920.5
Allegrtto.
r •<p~»
rr
*=i
Cadenza ad lib.
IOf.38-247
196
f Cadenza ad lib.
Allegro.
lento.
1063S-347
Exercises for the new fingering i»*
of the improved Bl>, Bt^ and Ctt Keys.
A#(new fingering) produced with the use of lever C, usually employed
f\ for the fingering of Bb.
Bb, (new fingering) produced with the use of lever D. usually employed
for the fingering of A#.
f
(new fingering.) produced with the use of lever E, usually employed for the fingering of Bl}
Bb, (new fingering.) lever D.
Dl> (new fingering.) lever E.
Bb (new fingering.) lever C.
Ctf and A|t (new fingering.) levers E and C.
Bb, (new fingering.) lever D.
Bi] and C| (new fingering.) levers Dand E.
Ait (new fingering.) lever C.
^^ — r* —
^T il 1
1 .. 1 1 1
1
l.i 1 1 1 1 1 1
I . 1 1 till 1
1
^^^
H
l
u4WJ. *~ ,._iM^i. -i rzwi ._iM«
IJ..L.
B
-ij-i,
2873-114
'Carl Fischer New York.
198
Alt and C# (new fingering.) levers C and E.
(new fingering.) lever D.
DK(new fingering.) lever E.
(new fingering.) lever E.
Cl (new fingering.) lever E. attention must be directed towards the open Git (JSvette and Schaeffer
^System.)
-i
6
^ ^^ 6 ^ x-^ o - — o
6
«273 114
199
Dl> (new fingering.) lever E.the E\> with the 4^ finger and attention to the open Ab (Evette and
Schaeffer System.)
* C# (new fingering.) lever E.
m
0 \ \ \*
Bh (new fingering.) lever D.
3^ ^s^s
*r n^^^r^;
and C| (new fingering.) levers D and E.
yj'JM'J'J'J'
Bl) (new fingering.) lever D.
DUnew fingering.) lever E.
Bb(new fingering.) lever C.
I
1>J''JJ/J U
B\> medium marked with the 4th finger, attention to the open Al> (Svette and Schaeffer System)
The low Bl» (new fingering.)
El
s
.> t^* [>
ti
2373-114
200
A# and Ctl (new fingering) levers C and E.
C#, Bl|, At, (new fingering.) levers E,DandC.
Attention to the open Gtf.
C$ (new fingering) lever E
Alt and Ct! (new fingering) levers C and B.
Progressive Major and Minor Scales, and Exercises.
For Saxophone.
C major Scale.
N91.
201
PAUL de VILLE
10639-103
Copyright, MCMXI, b;i Carl Fischer, New York.
202
B!> major Scale.
N97.
N98
10639-103
203
major Scale.
N913. fiK b I/ 6
D ' major Scale.
e
NO 16.^
804
G > major Scale.
NO 19.
Exercise.
NO 21
G\> major Scale.
N9 22=
Exercise.
NQ24:
10639-103
205
G major Scale.
4
E minor Scale.
,feE
3
ri¥Fmr
1
Exercise.
N9S7.
D major Scale.
NQ28.
B minor Scale.
N9S9.
10639-103
206
A major Scale.
N931.
N9 32
B major Scale.
NQ 37:
N9 38.:
10639-103
207
N9 39.
10639-103
208
Interval Exercises on the Major and Minor Scales.
C major.
N91.
D minor
N9 4.
10639-103
209
El? major
N9 7.
10639-103
210
G\> major.
NO 13.
G major.
NO 15.
NO 16.
10639-103
211
A major.
N9 19.
F# minor.
N<? 20.
E major.
NO Si.
C| minor.
N9 £2.
B major.
NO S3.
G# minor,
212
Studies on the Major and Minor Chords.
C major.
N91.
10639-103
213
G\> major
N97.
B major
10639-103
S14
Exercise on the Chords of the Dominant Seventh.
r'h!
Exercise on different Diminished Sevenths.
Exercise on the Succession of four Diminished Sevenths.
10638-247
215
Ten Studies on appeggios in different Major Keys.
N91.
10639-103
216
Chromatic Exercises.
Study these exercises slowly.
10639-103
217
10639-103
218
EIGHT FANTASIAS.
FANTASIA ON DON GIOVANNI.
H. Lazarus.
Revised by Paul De Vttle.
MOZART.
Andante
8435-99
Copyright,MCMXI, by Carl Fischer, New York
SCOTCH AIRS.
219
Introduction.
Moderate.
p
ritard.
r
a tempo.
220
GERMAN AIR.
Andante con espressione.
MJ J
r u
0 0 0
0*0
»<f
P
J J M J J J
P?
m//.
A119 marcia.
f
J J y J)
i
r r i r r
i
P
8465-99
SWISS AIR.
221
Allegro.
ritnrd.
11 time. : 2n_dtime.
8465-99
322
GERMAN AIR.
Andante.
8465-99
BOLERO.
Tempo di Bolero.
eleganza u» poco risolnfo.
8465-99
Allegro.
BOLERO.
Allegretto.
7.
8465-99
f
227
Allegretto
Allegretto
Allegretto
10638-247
238
Allegretto.
rail.
10638 - 347
229
1003S-247
330
Allegro
* »
10638 -Z47
Allegretto.
231
n iP » mf if mat
^g 'rttr -rj
r inr ir
10638-247
232
Allegretto.
10638-247
233
Allegretto moderate.
^ y P 1
Extract from a Clarinet Solo
by G. MULLER.
R:
H.5PB
dolce.
10638-247
234
10638-247
235
rail.
10638-247
236
Theme with Nine Easy Variations.
THEME.
Moderate.
r r r r i
m m
VAR. I.
Moderate
VAR. II.
Moderate,
•zff
m
*lTflr>ifrt
rail.
a tempo
-f-
»—
• — v_
•
•-
m —
1 l
>
•
»
• —
•—
•
•
•-.-H
•
• ' ^ i
F^
1
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•—
^
v —
_._«
— «
-4 1
10638-347
VAR. Ill,
Moderate.
237
The following variations to be practised slowly at first, and increasing- the time as the fin-
gering gets easier.
VAR. IV.
10638-247
238
VAR.V.
VAR.VI
10638-247
239
VAR. VII.
Alia marcia
VAR. VIII.
Alia Valse
VAR. IX.
Alia Polacca.
10638-247
240
Theme with Variations.
THEME.
Andante .
MOHR.
dolce
VAR.I.
Moderate
1063*- 247
241
YAR. II.
Piu vivo. .
VAR. III.
Adagio.
1C638-347
243
VAR. IV.
rail
FINALE.
Poco Allegro.
Twenty Studies,
For Saxophone.
Andante.
843
A. MAYEUR.
Revised by Paul de Ville.
10639-1O3
-Copyright, MCMXI,by Carl Fischer, New York.
*
r
244
Andante
10639-108
Andante
245
10639-103
246
Moderate
10639-108
247
Allegro moderate.
10639-108
248
Larghetto
10639-103
249
Adagio.
•^-0
P
g
tJ
10639-108
250
Moderate.
10639-108
251
Andante.
6'
10639-108
352
Moderate
10639-108
253
10639-103
Allegro moderate
10639-108
Allegro moderate.
255
10639-108
256
Moderate . Count four beats to a bar.
10639-108
257
Moderate.
10639-108
258
Allegro moderate
J
10639-108
259
Andante moderate.
Allegro moderate.
261
Allegro moderate.
10639-103
262
Allegro moderate
tr tr tr
FIFTEEN STUDIES IN THE MEDIUM REGISTER.
E.lited by Paul de Villa. Henry Laz
Vivo.
/?\
,y 3 *
c
846o -i*
Copyright, MCMXI, by Carl Fischer, New York.
264 Moderate.
SE
m •> ' m ,y _ _ ,y
p^l»p^jpft»
*—»
^ • y ' •> .v
•"• • J? ,y
8465-99
2(»5
Moderato.
3 .
3 -3 -3
1
3
wS%
3
3
» ,y . 3 -3 .3 ...y_ . 3 .
•t~. -t^ JT •? 3 » 3_ m ,y m 3 m 3
8465-99
D. S. ul Pint
846r>-99
Allegro moderate.
X*
4
267
rrrrfr/r
8465-99
268
3=f
8465-99
269
Allegro.
370
8465-99
Allegro non troppo.
271
I
3
465-99
8465-99
273
9.
jVu - .fl.»ifl. •
^^
274
Adagio
8465-99
Exercises on difficult fingerings.
275
Allegro.
TrrrrrrnTrf
» - P
1
* iM-i»
i
frfrfrrr
IOfiSS-247
376
Vivace.
8465-99
277
13
3 3 3 .?
8465-99
278
14.
Allegro.
8165-99
Vivo.
279
8465-99
280
Four Solos.
Cavatine de Zelmire.
INTRODUCTION.
Moderate.
Arranged by
PAUL de VILLE.
1.
rail.
a tempo
/
M
i
10638-247
Copyright, MCMVII, by Carl Fischer, New York.
-o-
f
281
Elle est Partie.
INTRODUCTION
Moderate.
rit.
A. DELATOUR.
a tempo espressione
i!
f
f
10638-247
282
Morceau Caracteristique,
Moderate.
H. KLOSE.
• 0
P
dolce
1063S-247
383
10638-847
284
dolce
10638-247
285
\ -=~
dolce
10C3S-247
286
II Crociato.
Andante quasi Allegretto.
MEYERBEER.
PP
10638-247
Andante quasi Allegretto.
287
10638 -247
288
AIR WITH VARIATIONS.
FROM DONIZETTI'S ELISIRS D"1 AMORS.
Andantino.
8465-99
289
290
Four Concert Duets
for two Eb or two Bb Saxophones.
Moderate non troppo.
N9 1
• m *
H. KLOSE.
Edited by Paul de Ville.
3^ <5
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.
=-
— » — ^ ^Jt^J J *^ ^ *
4f
•
--^_
^— -•
4-
^-^
— J £—
10638-247
Copyright, MCMXI, by Carl Fischer, New York.
291
10638-247
292
/-^ m
3^~^ ^
•=£=*
i=£
S
P
jH ^ii
fefci
10B38-247
293
10638-247
294
1
i
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-(2-
10638-847
295
10638-247
296
Adagio.
N92
10638-247
297
I063S-247
298
10638-247
299
Andantino.
300
Allegro giusto
W 1 "'""""
\ -~
r
f^i
A ff 1
• r
P —
f±r n m m
)
j j
^
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m
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1
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JP 1 'v k k
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(fH ^ m-i — L — M j. — t — M j — L
^EsBESEi
5z¥~ :
-> y
S y
— y —
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10688-247
301
f\
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fT"
Fj
mr
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trn
m
M
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m 1 m m m
• f-
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10638-247
302
Andantino sostenuto.
N9 4.
£*
j
: Piano parts for nil of the following Solos, and Band parts for the last three Solos, can be obtained from
the Publisher of this method.
10638-247
Alto Saxophone.
'Adagio"
Concerto Militaire.
303
C. KUHN.
arr.by E.A.Lefebre.
Adagio. SOLO.
5819-4
Copyright 1898 by Carl Fischer, New York.
304
"Serenade."
El> Alto Saxophone Solo.
FRANZ SCHUBERT.
Trans. by E.A.Lefebre.
2 * f-' ^ 3 -ft-'
7 i»r f\ *\0P*\
s
8350-5
Ppoco a powdim
Copyright 1904 by Carl Fischer, New York.
Give me thy Heart'.
Solo for El> Alto Saxophone.
El> Alto Saxophone.
And*.6 con moto.
espress.
305
TRANSCRIPTION
arr. by E.A.Lefebre.
e.g.
9687-4
Copyright MCMVby Carl fischer,New York.
306
"Ballet Music "
~ , from Ch. Gounod's
Bb Alto Saxophone Solo . "Faust?
Allegretto mouvemeiit de Valse
arr. by E. A.LEFEBRE.
rr ifr ir> ntp,frt4fei£
C.R.
8351-3
Copyright lf>04 by Carl Fixcher -New York.
Berceuse.
Eb AltO Saxophone Solo. (Cradle Song.)
307
Andante tranquiUo.
C.Ji.
8349_5
P
GODARD.
arr. by JS.A. Lefebre.
Un poco Agitato.
animate.
Poco tranquillo.
Copyright 1904 by Carl Fischer New York.
308
Alto Saxophone Solo,
poco
PPrall.
8349_5
Hungarian Dance.
El? Alto Saxophone Solo.
309
J.BEAHMS.
arr. by H. A.Lefebre.
Allegro molto.
* — » J I -» u ; m •
Allegro.
leggier o .
C.R.
83B2-6
P
Copyright 190% by Carl Fischer, New York.
310
El> Alto Saxophone Solo.
If f if p
f
f
"CAPRICE -GAVOTTE."
(Solo for Alto Saxophone.}
Alto Saxophone Solo.
Tempo di Gavotte
811
E.GILLET.
Transcribed by E.A. Lefebre.
pp a tempo.' pppnt
risoluto. (£
Copyright 1900 by Carl Fischer New fork
312
Alto Saxophone Solo,
Bass rail . poco Tit.
tempo. ^ k. lento
"Happy be Thy Dreams!'
313
Air varie
for Piccolo, El, Clarinet, El, or £1, Saxophone
El> Clarinet. Baritone (Trombone)or E\> Bass.
(El> Alto Saxophone.)
And*.6 con moto.
TUTTI.
arr.byPaul de Ville.
I
p
SOLO.
. cresc. mf
P
• ' 0 — * f-0
P
«
TUTTI.
ff Plr pf if J-ir plrrp~1
cresc.
poco rit.
a tempo.
f K F •
r p r p
f'T '
'
g •
f
*
p
cresc.
C.R.
9772-16
Copyright MCMV by Carl Fischer, New York.
814
Solo El> Clarinet (EI, Alto Saxophone.)
TVTTI.
9773-16
315
BLUE BELLS OF SCOTLAHD.
El> Alto Saxophone.
Solo Et Clarinet
Moderate.
Tutti.
Air varie.
THEME.
Paul deVille.
rfrifrff
nfii
a tempo.
IE
Tutti.
I
tfl
VAR.I.
A119 Mod*.0
VAR.II.
A119 Mod*.0
•^LrJ^_ ± -m ^ ±j. pf- (f-^ _
FINALE.
And*.6 Mod1.0
»
±
H044-9
Copyright 1891 by Carl FischerfNew York.
316
Elsa's Dream
from R.WAGNER'S
ALTO SAXOPONE. Qm o
Eb ALTO or HORN .j c "Lohengrin."
Solo for Cello, B\> or E\> Saxophone, B\> Cornet, Trombone or Baritone.
Andante moderate.
Tutti
Arr. by THEO. M.TOBANI.
1
f f
P
W
p
).
piu
— dim.
P
SOLO.
in lento
4 — •
i
PP
jzz:
cresc.
accel.
/
c
piu
tp
Tutti
m
dim.
pp
piu p
pp
O.R.
12038-33
Copyright, MCMVIII, by Carl Fischer, New York.
ALTO SAXOPHONE SOLO.
317
SOLO.
r
>•• E
un poco piu mosso
E
Ul — L^
£
F
P Tit.
a tempo
g
r r r F r
J. jiljt i^F«
-e-
^
Tutti
TV. ^ «f
T*
a poco piu
12038-33
Jennie - Polka.
a is
Solo Ek Clarinet.
and Solo E!> Alto Solo for Piccolo, Eb Clarinet, Alto Saxophone,
Saxophone. ^ Cornet, Baritone or Trombone.
Maestoso.
Webb-DeVille.
rail.
TUTTI.
Tempo di Folka.
y visit MCMVIT l>i/ Cvrl F !*?!»•>• N?n< York.
Solo El> Clarinet and Solo E(? Alto Saxophone.
319
11592.1'* B
3J!0 My Heart at Thy Sweet Yoice
("Mon coeui" sbuvre a ta vote. )
Cantabile from Samson and Dalila.
Et SaXOphone C- Saint - Saens.
Solo for Cornet, Clarinet, Trombone or Baritone
B\> or E\> Saxophone. ^
Andantino
Tutti.
Ti-ansription
Theo. M. Tobani.
solo
CK
12262-10
dim. 'Jf jay
Copyright MCMVIII by Carl Fischer, New York.
BIDING SECT. JUN22 1964
MT
502
V5
Ville, Paul de
Universal method for the
saxophone
PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE
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