Full text of "Universities and their sons; history, influence and characteristics of American universities, with biographical sketches and portraits of alumni and recipients of honorary degrees"

See other formats

UNIVERSITIES

AND

THEIR SONS

UNIVERSITIES

AND

THEIR SONS

HISTORY, INFLUENCE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF
AMERICAN UNIVERSITIES

WITH

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES AND PORTRAITS OF ALUMNI
AND RECIPIENTS OF HONORARY DEGREES

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
GENERAL JOSHUA L. CHAMBERLAIN, LL.D.

EX-PRESIDEN T OF BOVVDOIN COLLEGE AND EX-GOVERNOR OK MAINE

SPECIAL EDITORS

Approved by Autboritici of the respective Universities

HARVARD 1636

WILLIAM ROSCOE THAYER, A.M.

YALE 1700

CHARLES HENRY SMITH, LL.D.

PRINCETON 1746

JOHN DeWITT, D.D., LL.D.
JESSE LYNCH WILLIAMS, A.M.

COLUMBIA 1754

J. HOWARD VAN AMRINCJE, Ph.D., L.H.D., LL.D.

BIOGRAPHICAL EDITORS

CHARLES E. L. WINGATE, Harvard '83 JESSE LYNCH WILLIAMS, Princeton '92

ALBERT LEE, Yale '91 HENRY G. PAINE, Columbia '80

INTRODUCTION BT
WILLIAM T. HARRIS, Ph.D., LL.D.

united states commissioner of education

ILLUSTRATED

Vol. II

BOSTON

R. HERNDON COMPANY

1899

The Unk'enity Press
CambridgCy U.S.-^-

^Zv

^5p--

^,%

PREFACE

630895

PREFACE

THE sketches which are presented in this volume are not intended as biog-
raphies of the persons wlio are made tlie subjects of representation.
The purpose of the book is to bring together in a single grou]) the
names, faces and condensed records of the wise founders, senerous benefactors,
earnest teachers and faithful officers who have established, fostered and developed
the great institutions of learning to which this series of volumes is devoted. The
number of men who have at one time or another filled positions which entitle them
to a place in this galaxy is so very great, that merely to record their names would
itself fill several hundred printed pages. Not only therefore is the collective repre-
sentation which has been attempted in these pages necessarily incomplete, but from
similar necessity the life-records given are in the main very brief. Yet it is believed,
at least is hoped, that the work of selection and presentation has been done with a
sufficient degree of intelligent judgment, painstaking thoroughness and historical
accuracy to fulfill the plan outlined with reasonable completeness, and to secure
results both interesting and valuable to all University Sons.

From the very nature of the work herein attempted, any omissions or short-
comings must be too palpably evident and conspicuous to escape notice. Criticism
therefore as to general incompleteness, methods of selection, manner of treatment
and matter treated of, is anticipated ; in fact, is inevitable. That the strictures (-f
the critics may be based upon just grounds, with a clear understanding of the
limitations of the undertaking and the difficulties involved in its performance, this
brief prefatory statement is made. It may also be properly added that while
authors may write and publishers may print whatever they please about the dead,
they are debarred from taking such liberties with the living. Hence it is that the
non-representation in this volume of a number of eminent university teachers, and
the exceedingly meager treatment accorded certain others, whose attainments and

viii PREFACE

official connections make them conspicuous subjects, are due solely to the excessive
modesty of these men of learning, which would not permit them to sanction the
publication of anything whatever relating to their personal or official careers. For
these omissions the publishers can only express regret, while disclaiming respon-
sibility. The Public has certain claims upon every citizen which can be and are
enforced at times in various ways; but with the Publisher, who is but a servant of
the Public, the personal wishes of the Teachers of Men must be respected.

THE PUBLISHERS.

INTRODUCTION

PERSONAL influence ]ias large place amoncj the factors of education. Sonic minds
indeed b\- force of will or stress of circumstance w ill put themselves in direct contact
with what we ma\- call the " raw material " of knowletltje, and by this discipline may
acquire a master)- of facts and a strength of command o\er them which mark, if they do not
make, greatness of character. Hut those charged with the care of j'outh see the need of other
aids and influences to secure the best conditions for their mental growth and culture. And the
far-seeing founders of States have made it one of the first measures for the public welfare
to provide local centers of instruction, and to cu'ganize s}'stenis for the harmonious develop-
ment of the minds and characters of their \-outh. These are among the cherished institutions
of a Countr}'.

But the ancient libraries and museums, depositories of the materials for learning, were
availing only for the few who could profit by them single-handed. For some time those so
initiated into the mj'steries of knowledge were regarded, or at least regarded themselves, as a
class of superior rank and pretensions. A part of their dignit}' seemed to be to liold them-
selves inaccessible to the common mind. Among more favored races, or in more liberal spirit
of the times, those who had achieved intellectual master}- b}- their personal efforts were
prompted by a generous impulse to communicate their treasures to those capable of recei\ing
them. This met an equal impulse on the part of aspiring minds to look for guidance and syni-
]5ath\- in fulfilment of their wishes by entering into personal relations w ith the living master.
For there is that instinct in the ingenuous mind of )outh to seek the symiiathetic aid of a
superior. The presence of one who has himself achieved, is a quickening and an inspiration;
and living contact with a spirit that finds pleasure in commimicating to those able to receive,
not only its material acquirements, but also its experience in accjuiring, both points the wa)-
and cives strength and cheer in following.

xii INTRODUCTION

This contact with maturer minds and superior natures brings out deeper meanings ia
things, deeper truths and deeper thouglits, tlian could be evident to tlie unassisted spirit, liow-
cver earnest. " Understandest thou what thou readest? " was the laoid but kiiull)- question of
Pliiiip to tlie powerful treasure-keeper of Candace, Queen of ICthiopia, riding in his chariot
and reading, for something more than pastime surcl}', the Prophecy of Msaias. " How
can I, except some man should guide me?" was the answer of a sincere and modest spirit
intent on truth.

Striking illustrations of this influence of the personal superior, both in science and in art,
are familiar in histor\'. The "Old Masters" in grammar, logic, rhetoric or dialectics, — in
knowledge of nature's works and ways, once called philosophy, and later, science, — and in the
rich fields of sculpture, painting and architecture, are shining lights in history. Disciples
thronged around them in the Academ\-, the Ljxeum, the Porch or the Garden, or in the studios
and laboratories, or traversed with them the open fields of earth and sky, quickenetl to newness
of life by drinking of the master's spirit.

The affection which sprang up from this personal intercourse, especially on the part of the-
pupil towards the master, was itself no unimportant part of a liberal education, — if this means
the harmonious development of all the powers and susceptibilities of the iiiinil.

"And what delights can equal those

That stir the spirit's inner deeps,

When one that loves but knows not reaps
A truth from one that loves and knows."

A curious illustration of the strength of such a feeling in the hearts of pupils, and in the
acceptance of the community, appears in the habit among the pupils of the great masters of
music in Italy and Germany a century or more ago, of calling themselves b_\' their masters'
surnames; — thus almost sinking their selfhood in the great comniunidu of the master's spirit
and ideal. That might indeed be giving too much way to adventitious or accessor}' influence,
even though the spring of such action were in the wish to cra\-e a portion of the master's
merit, or on the other hand to waive all other merit than that which belongs to him, — both nut
unworthy motives; for after all there can be no true personality without self-assertion and self-
responsibility, and such personalit}' is the highest estate in art, as in ethics, and in life itself.

But it may be fairly doubted if something has not been lost in the modern tendenc\- to
introduce machine systems of classifications, rank-lists, and paper tests of proficienc}', to dis-

INTRODUCTION xiii

place tliat olil rclalidii of jiiijiil and master which carried alont:; witli growtli nf kiiowleds^i- and
skill that of the heart and soul. W'e shall surelj- miss soniethini; from the balance and S}inmetr)'
of educational influences, if we do not make an effort to countervail or sup[)K'ment existing
tendencies in education h}- bringint^ students intcj contact -with nun (.if experience and noble
character and personal niat^nelism, as well as of scholarly attainments. It is not multii)lication
of electi\'es, howe\'er attractixe, throwing; the student back upon himself for choices in liis most
inexperienced and uncritical )'ears, — it is not merel}' multiplication of tutors, or increased per-
sonal inculcation and drill of faithful teachers, nor even of specialists in researcli on single
lines or in narrow limits, wliich can best bring out the powers and aptitudes of personalit)', or
the practical value of knowledge as something better than earning power.

What is of most importance in an)- large view of the subject is to secure for the j-iuitliful
stutlent the personal contact, or even presence, of a noble character, a mature mind, an experi-
enced scnsibilit}', a large and .sympathetic personality, which takes hold on the impressionable
and nobl}'-tending spirit of youth, and draws it, as well as directs it, to its best. Such privilege
of discipleship is a great boon. It is held beyond price by those capable of truly appreliending
it. The importance of this element of education cannot be overestimated by those who arc
entrusted with the \ital office of providing the best conditions for the training and cultui-e of
youth. It was President Garfield who said : " To sit on the other end of a log and talk with
Mark Hopkins is a liberal education."

Not only do the true masters wake new ideals and inspire new zeal for action in their
followers, but b_\- their sympathetic apprehension of the pupil's indixidualit)', they bring out his
best powers and help to build him up on his own founilations. One good thing about those old
times of master and pupil was the close personal intimacy between them ; the daily contact of
mind with mind, in questions and answers, the searching interest which detected weaknesses or
disadvantages of habit or temperament, and ofifered correctives which would tend to a balance
and symmetry, and afforded discipline which makes one master of himself, ready for any action
to which the chances of life ma\' call. h"or often we cannot follow choices, but must act as
exigencies demand. It is one thing to flatter the wish, but quite another to discipline the will.
Systems of education which oHer to_ a student what is most to his liking, even when they are
supported b\- written examinations and con\'entional tests for rank, which things cannot disclose
lacks and weaknesses that must be overcome if one would win in the battle of life, do not make
good the place of personal interest and friendl}- criticism of a large-hearted master, who fits one
to meet things he does not like, e\en in the high career of the " learned professions."

xiv IN TR OD UCTION

Recognizing the importance of the principles here adverted to, the publisliers of the
initial volume of UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS have now followed that stereoscopic
presentation of four leading Uni\-ersities b\' this one, which sets forth in some detail the char-
acters of the men who have had part in moulding the characters of others, and possibly in
forecasting their careers. And these careers in the histor}' of our Countr}-. following them out
in their branches and sequences, have had much to do in the active, formati\e and directive
powers which have made the nation what it is. At all events these Presidents and Professors
and Teachers noted here are the men whose spirit in their respective times has \-italized the
educational systems and carried forward the organic life of the institutions which have now
become great Universities that are an honor and a power which the whole Country holds high,

and which have sent their light over all the world.

It is surely a worth}' object to turn attention to the noble characters which have wrought
their worth into the very fiber of the nation's life.

^,.^^i^^M«-^«s^^:^?&2ia**^^^lpwi^.^Uw

Brunswick, Maixe, July 1899.

ADMINISTRATORS AND INSTRUCTORS,
FOUNDERS AND BENEFACTORS

HARVARD, John, 1607-1638.

Born in London, Eng., 1607 ; educated at Emmanuel
College, Cambridge, graduating in 1635; became a
Dissenting minister ; emigrated to New England 1637,
and was made a freeman November 2 of that year;
settled in Charlestown, Mass., where he engaged in
pastoral work for the rest of his life ; was a member of
a committee appointed to consider the adoption of a
code of laws ; bequeathed half his property, about £750,
toward erecting the College which perpetuates his
memory, and gave it his library of three hundred and
twenty volumes ; died in Charlestown, 1638.

JOHN HARVARD, A.M., first Benefactor of the
University which bears iiis name, was born in
Southwark, London, England, in November 1607,
son of Robert Harvard, a butcher. His mother,
whose maiden name was Kathernie Rogers, was
born in Shakespeare's Stratford in a house which is
still standing. She married for her first husband
Robert Harvard, for her second, Elletson, a cooper,
and for her third, Vcanvord, a grocer. As keeper of
Queen's Head Inn, Southwark, she was in prosperous
circumstances, which enabled her son John to gratify
his desire for a liberal education, and he studied at
Emmanuel College, Cambridge, where he obtained
his Bachelor's and Master's degrees, the latter in
1635. After his ordination as a nonconformist
minister, he embarked for .America in 1637, pre
sumably accompanied by his wife, Anne (Satller),
the daughter of a clergyman. That he was regarded
as a welcome addition to the struggling colony is
manifested by the fact that the General Court of
Massachusetts Bay conferred upon him the privileges
of citizenship almost immeiliately after his arrival.
He settled in Charlestown, where he built a house
and resided until his death, which occurred Septem-'
ber 24, 163S, caused by pulmonary phthisis. But
little is known of the personal character and attain-
ments of the man whose timely beneficence hastened
the primitive establishment of the great University
VOL. 11. — I

that perpetuates his memory, as his residence in
New England covered a period of not more than a
year and probably less. The records, however, fur-
nish us with the knowledge that he displayed an
active interest in the welfare of his fellow-colonists,
stating that in April 1638 he was ajjpointed to
serve upon a committee formulated for the purpose
of considering the adoption of a code of laws ; and
that he possessed a fine and intellectual literary
taste is attested by the character of his books, which
he left to form a nucleus for a College library. Pro-
fessor George Gary Bush, in his History of Higher
Education in Massachusetts, says : " His contem-
poraries gave him the title of Reverend, and he is
said to have ofificiated occasionally in Charlestown
as ' Minister of God's word.' It is said of him that
he was ' beloved and honored, a well-trained and
accomplished scholar of the type then esteemed,'
and that in the brief period of his life in America
he cemented more closely frientlships that had been
begun in earlier years. The project of a College
was then engrossing the thought of these early
friends, and doubtless he also became greatly inter-
ested in it. Thus it happened that, when his health
failed, through his own love of learning and through
sympathy with the projects of his daily associates,
he determined to bequeath one-half of his estate,
besides his excellent library of three hundred and
twenty volumes, towards the endowment of the Col-
lege. This bequest rendered possible the innnediate
organization of the College, which went into opera-
tion ' on the footing of the ancient institutions in
Europe,' and out of gratitude to Harvard the Gen-
eral Court voted that the new institution should
bear his name. Many tributes have been rendered
by the sons of Harvard College to the memory of
its founder, but neither the words of Everett nor of
John Quincy Adams seem so fitting as those of Pres-
ident Quincy when he says that 'the noblest and

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

purest tribute to religion and science this Western
World has yet witnessed was made by John Harvard
in 1638.'" A monument commemorative of his
usefulness was erected by the Alumni in the old
cemetery at Charlestown and dedicated in 1S28, on
which occasion Edward Everett delivered an ad-
dress. A life-size statue of the donor, seated, pre-
sented to the University by Samuel James Bridge in
18S4, occupies an appropriate location on the tri-
angular space adjoining Memorial Hall. '

BOND, William Cranch, 1789-1859.

Born in Portland, Me.. 1789; entered business; studied
astronomy; went to Europe on a commission from
Harvard ; accompanied an exploring expedition to the
South Sea for the United States Government ; Astrono-
mer at Harvard, 1840-45 ; Director of the Observatory
1845-59, and Professor of Astronomy 1858-59; died in
Cambridge, Mass., 1859.

WILLIAM CRANCH BOND, A.M., As-
tronomer and first Director of Harvard
Observatory, was born in Portland, Maine, Septem-
ber 9, 1789; died in Cambridge, Massachusetts,

WILLIAM C. BOND

pursued at the same time the study of astronomy,
and conducted observations in a private observatory
that he built in Dorchester, Massachusetts. In 1S15
he went to Europe to carry out a commission
for Harvard, with reference to a contemplated
observatory for that institution; in 183S he was
commissioned by the United States government
to conduct a series of astronomical and meteoro-
logical observations in connection with the explor-
ing expedition to the South Sea, and in 1840 he
was appointed Astronomical Observer at Harvard.
In 1S46-47 the Harvard Observatory was erected
under his superintendence, and he became its
Director. Here Professor Bond and his son, Cleorge
Phillips, laid the foundation of astronomical photog-
raphy, and here he was also associated with his
son in the discovery of the eighth satellite of Saturn
and of the single moon of Neptune. The results of
his observations were published in the Annals
of the Observatory of Harvard College.

January 29, 1859. Brought up to the trade of

watchmaking, which was his father's occupation, he

^ See Page 46, Volume I., Universities and Their Sons.

BOND, George Phillips, 1825-1865.

Born in Dorchester, Mass., 1825 ; graduated at Har-
vard. 1845 ; Professor of Astronomy and Director of the
Observatory at Harvard, 1859-65 ; published several
papers on astronomical subjects ; died in Cambridge,
Mass., 1865.

GEORGE PHILLIPS BOND, A.M., Profes-
sor of Astronomy and Director of the
(Jbservatory at Harvard, was born in Dorchester,
Massachusetts, in 1825. He was the son of William
Cranch Bond, a noted astronomer of his day, and
the first Director of Harvard Observatory. After
his graduation from Harvard in 1845, he gave his
entire attention to astronomical study under his
flither's direction, and received the degree of Mas-
ter of Arts in 1853. He was chosen Professor of
Astronomy at Harvard in 1859, and succeeded his
father as Director of the Observatory the same year.
In this Chair and Professorship he officiated until his
untimely death six years later. Professor Bond was
the first to establish the fluid nature of the rings of
Saturn in a treatise relative to their construction,
and having participated in the discovery of the
Orbits of Hyperion and the Satellite of Neptune, he
wrote a valuable treatise upon their elements. His
other writings consist of papers on the Nebula of
Andromeda, on various comets, and on stellar
photography. For a work on the Donati Comet
(Cambridge 1862), he was presented with a gold
medal by the Royal Astronomical Society of London,

UNIVERSITIES ANB I'HEIR SONS

of which lie was an associate. He was also a fellow
of the American Academy. Professor Bond died in
Cambridge, February 17, 1S65.

BOYDEN, Uriah Atherton, 1804-1879.

Born in Foxborough, Mass., 1804 ; employed in the
construction of a railroad from Boston to Nashua,
N. H. ; engaged in hydraulic engineering; studied
physics and chemistry; endowed the Boyden Library
at Foxborough, and established the Soldiers' Memorial
Building at that place; received the A. M. degree
from Harvard, 1853; bequeathed large sums to Har-
vard ; died in Boston, 1879.

URIAH ATHERTON BOVDEN, A.M., l!enc-
factor of Harvard, was born in Foxborough,
Massachusetts, February 17, iSo.). In early life he
worked at a blacksmith's forge, where he acquired

URI.AH A. BOYDEN

considerable mechanical skill and a thorough knowl-
edge of materials. Later he engaged in civil engi-
neering, and was employed in the construction of a
railroad from Boston to Nashua, New Hampshire.
Subsequently lie turned his attention to hydraulic
engineering, and while employed in this work in
Lowell (Massachusetts), and Manchester (New
Hampshire), he made a comprehensive study of the
turbine water-wheel. He succeeded in so improv-

ing the construction of turbines that ninety-five per
cent of the total power of the water expended was
utilized, thereby gaining trt'cnty per cent. In 1850
he settled in Boston, and thenceforward devoted
himself to the study of physics and chemistry. Mr.
Boyden gave $1000 to the Boyden Library of Fox-
borough, and also established the Soldiers' Memorial
lUiilding of that place. In 1S74 he placed Siooo
with the Franklin Institute, to be awarded to any
resident of North America who should determine
by experiment whether all rays of light and other
piiysic.al rays were or were not transmitted with the
same velocity. In 1853 the honorary degree of
Master of Arts was conferred on him by Har\-ard.
At his death, which occurred in Boston, October
17, 1879, he bequeathed about $237,000 for the
prosecution of astronomical research " at such an
elevation as to be free, so far as practicable, from
the impediments to accurate observations which
occur in the observations now existing, owing to
atmospheric influence." The Observatory at Are-
quipa, Peru, is the chief result of this bequest, the
Trustees having in 1887 transferred the fund to
Harvard. Mr. Boyden had made several gifts to
Harvard during his lifetime.

BOWDOIN, James, 1727-1790.

Born in Boston, Mass., 1727; educated at Harvard
and devoted much of his time and fortune to the in-
terests of education and science ; prominent in Colonial
affairs and Governor of Mass. ; first President of the
American Academy of Arts and Sciences ; one of the
founders of the Massachusetts Humane Society; elected
to the Continental Congress ; President of the State
Council and of the Constitutional Convention ; Fellow
and Benefactor of Harvard; published addresses,
papers, scientific papers, poems, etc., died in Boston,
Mass., 1790.

JAMi:S BOWDOIN, I.L.D., Fellow and Bene-
factor of Harvard, was born in Boston, Massa-
chusetts, August 8, 1727. His grandfather was
Pierre Baudouin, a Huguenot who at the revocation
of the Edict of Nantes fled from France to Ireland ;
emigrated to Portland, Maine, in 1687, and settled
in Boston in 1690. Graduating from Harvard in
1745, young Piowdoin inherited in 1747 a large for-
tune by the death of his father, who was a wealthy
merchant, and was tlius provided with ample means
to gratify his progressive tendencies in the field of
etiucation and scientific investigation. In 1751 he
went to Philadelphia for the purpose of visiting
Benjamin Franklin, who explained to him the results

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

of liis electrical researches. These two investigators
not only compared their theories, but began a cor-
respondence which continued for many years, and
Bowdoin's letters, which were afterward read before
the Royal Society of London by Franklin, were
published with some of the latter's own researches.
He was a member of the General Court from
1753—56, when he was elected to the Council, in
which he attained prominence in Colonial affairs by
his opposition to the Royal Governors. When again
elected to that body (1769) he was refused a seat
by Governor Bernard, whereupon he was elected to
the Assembly by the voters of Boston, but when
Governor Hutchinson assumed office (1770), the
latter admitted him to the Council, believing that
his actions would be less harmful there than in the
House of Representatives. Bowdoin's ill health
kept him away from the Continental Congress in
1774, to which he was elected, but he presided
over the Massachusetts Council in 1775, and at the
State Constitutional Convention in 1779. During
his term as Governor (1785-S6), he quelled
Shay's Rebellion, and though a candidate for re-
election he was defeated by John Hancock. He
Avas one of the founders and the first President of
the American Academy of Arts and Sciences to
which he left his valuable library, and he also as-
sisted in organizing the Massachusetts Humane
Society. From 1779 to 1785, he was a Fellow of
Harvard College, to which he bequeathed the sum
of ^^400, and in 1788 he attended as a delegate
the Convention which adopted the Federal Consti-
tution. He was also a fellow of the Royal Societies
of London and Edinburgh, and received the hon-
orary degree of Doctor of Laws from the L^niversity
of the last named city and from Yale. His poetical
paraphrase on Dodsley's Economy of Human Life
was published in 1759 ; an address to the American
Academy on assuming its Presidency in 1780; and
several of his scientific papers are preserved in its
memoirs. He also wrote two Latin epigrams and
an English poem for the '•' Pietas et Gratulatio";
and a volume of poems issued by Harvard on the
accession of George HI. His death occurred in
Boston, November 6, i 790. His son James, also a
Harvard graduate and a noted philanthropist, for
whom Bowdoin College was named, presented to
that institution at its establishment six hundred
acres of land and ^11 00 in money; and by his
will he gave it his library, his collection of minerals,
philosophical apparatus and paintings brought by
him from Paris.

BUSSEY, Benjamin, 1757-1842.

Born in Canton, Mass., 1757 ; served in the Revolu-
tionary Army; acquired a fortune as a merchant in
Boston ; endowed the Agriculture, Law and Divinity
Schools of Harvard; died in Roxbury, Mass., 1842.

BF.XJAMIX BUSSFV, Benefactor of Harvard,
was born in Canton, Massachusetts, March
I) 1757; ilied in Roxbury, January 13, 1S42.
He served in the Revolutionary Army, and was
present at the capture of Burgoyne. At the age of
twenty-tu'o he married and went into business as a

BENJAMIN BUSSEY

silversmith at Dedham, Massachusetts, widi a capital
of §10.00. In 1772 he removed to Boston and
engaged in foreign trade, in which he made a for-
tune amounting to over $400,000. This he be-
queathed, after the death of certain relatives, to
Harvard, one half to endow a School of Agriculture,
and the other half for the support of the Law and
Divinity Schools. His estate included a farm of
several hundred acres at Jamaica Plain, and in ac-
cordance with his will, the University established
there, in 1870, a School of Practical Agriculture and
Horticulture, known as the Bussey Institution. Some
important details of the establishment have been
determined by the specific directicms of Mr. Bussey's
will, which is quite an elaborate instrument.

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

CHAUNCY, Charles, 1589-1672.

Born in Yardley-Bury in Herfordshire, England, in
1589; graduated at Trinity College, Cambridge, Eng-
land ; Professor of Hebrew, and later Professor of
Greek, Trinity College ; Pastor at Scituate, Mass. ;
President of Harvard, 1654-72; died in Cambridge,
Mass., 1672.

CHARLES CHAUNCY, second President of
Har\'ard, was born at Yardley-Bury, in Her-
fordsliirc, iMigland, in 1589, fifth son of George
Chauncy. From Westminster School he went to
Tiinity College, Cambridge, and there received the

CH.\RLES CHAUNCY

degree of Bachelor of Divinity. He was immedi-
ately elected to the Professorship of Hebrew, and
on being suspended in that department, received the
appointment of Greek Professor. Subsequently he
preached at Marston, Lawrence and Ware, but in
1635, was suspended for "raising a schism," and
forced to make a recantation. Later lie had trouble
with Archbishop Laud and was silenced. At about
that time he resolved to try the New World, and
came to Plymouth, in May 163S. He preached
there, but declined to setUe. However, he accepted
a charge in Scituate, ALassachusetts, where he re-
mained twelve years. During the term of his Pas-
torate here the Puritans in England had become so
changed that Chauncy determined to accept an invi-

tation to return to his old charge at Ware. Being
in Boston, about to take passage for England, at tlie
time of President Dunster's resignation from the
government of Harvard, he was prevailed upon to
accept tlie I'residency of that institution. He was
inaugurated November 27, 1654. It was during his
administration that the press of I larvard first became
celebrated. 'I'he works sent out were principally
religious treatises, including the works of Apostle
l^liot in the Indian tongue of Massachusetts. Some
of the publications were considered too liberal, and
in 1662 " licensers " were appointed by tiic General
Court. 'I'he liberty of the press was restored the
next year, only to give place to more stringent regu-
lations. The " Indian College" was erected during
Chauncy's administration, but the scheme for edu-
cating the Indians faiUng, the building was used for
]irinting. President Chauncy said firewell to his
friends in his oration on Commencement Day 1671,
and died February 19, 1672.

BUCKMINSTER, Joseph Stevens, 1784-
1812.

Born in Portsmouth, N. H., 1784; graduated at
Harvard, 1800; taught at Phillips-Exeter Academy
when Daniel Webster was an attendant ; installed as
Pastor of the Brattle Street Church, Boston, 1805;
travelled in Europe, 1806-07 ; member of the Anthology
Club ; appointed first Lecturer on Biblical Criticism at
Harvard, 1811; died, 1812.

JOSEPH STEVENS BUCKMINSTER, A.M.,
first Dexter Lecturer at Harvard, was born in
Portsmouth, New Hampshire, May 26, i 7S4. He
was a descendant of Thomas Buckrainster, who was
an early arrival in Boston, and died at Brookline in
1656. His grandfather was Rev. Joseph Buckmin-
ster, of Rutland, Massachusetts. He was a grand-
nephew of Colonel William Buckminster, and a son
of Joseph Buckminster, D.D., a graduate of Yale,
Class of 1770. Joseph S. was graduated from Har-
vard in 1800, and subsequently pursued courses in
literature and theology. For some time he was an
Assistant Instructor at Phillips-Exeter Academy and
wliile there Daniel Webster was a member of one of
his classes. His first sermon in Boston, delivered
in 1804, induced the Brattle Street Society to extend
him a call and he became their Pastor in the fol-
lowing year. During the years 1806 and 1807 he
travelled in Europe for the benefit of his health,
and many of the books contained in tlie Boston
Athenremn were selected l)v him wliile in London.

UNIVERSITIES JND THEIR SONS

Before tlie Plii Beta Kappa Society of Ilan-anl, he ship of Law in Harvard Law School, requesting that
delivered an interesting address on The Dangers his friend Judge Joseph Story should occupy the
and Duties of Men of Letters, and in iSii he was chair, which he did until his death. In 1831, he
chosen the first incumbent of tlie Dexter Lecture- gave ,^5,000 towards the building of a law college,
ship on liibhcal Criticism. Mr. lUickminster was a When completed, it was called Dane Law College;
sufferer from epilepsy throughout his entire life, and since the building of Austin Hall it lias been known
he died of that disease June 9, 1S12. He belonged
to the Anthology Club, a famous literary organiza-
tion in his day, and was a fellow of the American
Academy and a member of the Massachusetts His-
torical Society. Periodicals of his time contain
many articles from his pen. and he directed a new
edition of Griesbach's Greek Testament.

DANE, Nathan, 1752-1835.

Born in Ipswich, Mass., 1752; graduated at Harvard,
1778; admitted to the Bar, and practised in Beverly,
Mass.; member Massachusetts Legislature, 1782-85;
delegate to Continental Congress, 1785-88; member
Massachusetts Senate, 1790, 1794-96 ; Judge of Court of
Common Pleas for Essex county ; Commissioner to
revise the State Laws; Presidential Elector, 1812;
delegate to Hartford Convention, 1814; founded the
Dane Professorship of Law at Harvard ; Dane Hall
called in his honor; died in Beverly, Mass., 1835.

NATHAN DANE, LL. D., Founder of the
Dane Professorship in Harvard Law School,
was born in Ipswich, Massachusetts, December 27,
1752 ; died in Beverly, Massachusetts, February 15,
1835. He was graduated at Harvard in 1778,
studied law, was admitteil to practice, and settled in
Beverly, where he became one of the most promi-
nent lawyers of New England. Lie was a member
of the Massachusetts Legislature, 1782-85, dele-
gate to the Continental Congress, i 785-88, and mem-
ber of the Massachusetts Senate in 1 790 and again
in I 794-96. In I 794 he was appointed Judge of the
Court of Common Pleas for Essex county, but soon
after resigned, and was appointed a commissioner to
revise the laws of the state. In 181 1 he was chosen
to revise and publish the charters that had been
granted in Massachusetts, and in 18 12 he was se-
lected to make a new publication of the statutes.
He was a Presidential Elector in 181 2, delegate to
the Hartfonl Convention in 18 14, and was chosen
delegate to the Massachusetts Constitutional Con-
vention in 1820, but declined to serve on account
of deafness. For fifty years Mr. Dane had a habit
of devoting his Sundays to theological study, except-
ing during the hours of public worship, reading the
Scriptures generally in their original languages. In
1829, he gave g 10,000 to found the Dane Professor-

NATH.\N DANE

as Dane Hall. Mr. Dane was the author of an
abridgment and digest of American law, but he will
be remembered longest as the drafter of the famous
"Ordinance of 1787," adopted by Congress, which
prohibited slavery in the territory northwest of the
Ohio River.

CONANT, Edwin, 1810-1891.

Born in Sterling, Mass., 1810 ; graduated at Harvard,
1829 ; studied law, admitted to the Bar, and practised
in Worcester, Mass. ; bequeathed a large part of his
estate to various charities and public institutions, and
the balance, amounting to over $130,000, to Harvard ;
Conant Hall named in his honor; died in Worcester,
Mass., 1891.

EDWIN CONANT, Benefactor of Harvard, was
born in Sterling, Massachusetts, August 20,
1810. There he spent the early part of his life,
entering Harvard in time to graduate with the Class
of 1829, which incluiled such famous sons of Har-
vard as Oliver Wendell Holmes, Benjamin Peirce

UNIJ'ERSITIES AND THEIR SONS 7

and Reverend James Freeman Clarke. After grad- Ninth United States Colored Troops in 1864, acting

iiating from College, Mr. Conant prepared himself as Aide to Colonel Sigfricd, while the latter was

for the Bar, passed his examinations successfully, and couun.inding a brigade in tlie cani])aign of the W'il-

enjoyed a richly remunerative practice until he died derncss and at Petersburg, serving as Acting Assis-

in Worcester, March 2, 1891. He left an estate tant Adjutant-Ceneral of the First Brigade, 'i'hird

amounting to about ;ri3oo,ooo, and after bequeathing Division, Twenty- Fifth Army Cor|)s in the laiter

large amounts to charity and public institutions, he part of 1S64, and ending his army service at the

made Harvard his residuary legatee. Of the money close of hostilities in 1865. Dr. Draper has been a

received by the University from this bequest, $5,000 fellow of the Massachusetts Medical Society from

was devoted to the Divinity School, nearly ^28,000 1869 to the present date and Councillor from 1875.

to the Library, and the remainder, nearly :? 100,000, He was Treasurer of tlie Society from 1875 to 1891,

was used in building Conant Hall. and Anniversary Orator in 1S92. In 1872-73 he

DRAPER, Frank Winthrop, 1843-

Born in Wayland, Mass., 1843 ; graduated at Brown ;
graduated at the Harvard Medical School; served in
the War of the Rebellion; promoted to Captain and
Acting Assistant Adjutant-General ; Lecturer at Har-
vard, and afterwards Professor of Legal Medicine at
the Harvard Medical School; practised medicine;
Assistant Surgeon of the Boston City Hospital; Phy-
sician to the Children's Hospital ; Visiting Physician
at the Boston City Hospital ; Medical Examiner
for Suffolk county ; member of the Massachusetts
State Board of Health; Medico-Legal Pathologist
at the Boston City Hospital; fellow of the Massa-
chusetts Medical Society; Council of the Massa-
chusetts Medical Society; fellow of the American
Academy of Arts and Sciences; member of numer-
ous organizations.

FRANK WINTHROP DRAPFR, A.M., M.D.,
Professor of Legal Medicine at the Harvard
Medical School, is the son of James Sumner and
Eraeline Amanda (Reeves) Draper, and was born
in Wayland, Massachusetts, February 25, 1843.
The family of Drapers in America traces its line
back to James Draper, who was born in Hepton-
stall, Yorkshire, England, in 16 18 (the son of
Thomas Draper), emigrated to Massachusetts as a
Puritan and died in Roxbury, Massachusetts, in July
1694. In the fifth generation from Thomas Draper
was Major Abijah Draper, an officer in the War
of the Revolution. After Frank W. Draper had
passed through the public schools of his native
town, he entered Brown and there graduated in
1S62. In 1S69 he obtained the degree of Doctor
of Medicine from the Harvard Medical School, and
from that time on has been engaged in continuous
professional work as a physician, with brief interrup-
tions for travel. During the Civil War he served
three years in the L'nion Army, entering the Thirty-
Fifth Massachusetts Volunteers as a private in 1862,
obtaining the commission of Captain in the Thirty-

F. W. DRAPER

was Assistant Surgeon at the Boston City Hospital.
In 1873-74 was Physician to the Children's Hos-
pital, in 1 8 74-86 was Visiting Physician at the
Boston City Hospital, and from 1877 to the present
time has been Medical Examiner for Suffolk count)-.
Since 1886 he has been a member of the Massachu-
setts State Board of Health, and from 1887 to the
present time Medico-Legal Pathologist at the Boston
City Hospital. He is also a fellow of the American
Academy of Arts and Sciences, a member of the
Boston Society for Medical Improvement, a member
of the American Statistical .\ssociaiion and of the
Boston Society of Medical Sciences, a member of
the order of the Sons of the .American Revolution,
and a companion of the Massachusetts Commandery

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

of the Loyal Legion. His connection with the edu-
cation department of Harvard dates from 1S75,
when he was appointed Lecturer on Hygiene in the
Medical School. He was three years later made
Lecturer on Forensic Medicine, and in 1SS4 was
made .Assistant Professor of Legal Medicine. In
1889 he was appointed to his present chair. His
writings have been mainly on topics connectetl with
Public Medicine, consisting of addresses, essays, and
shorter papers on Sanitary and Medico-Legal sub-
jects. Dr. Draper married, November i, 1S70,
Fanny Victoria Jones of Boston, and has two chil-
dren ; Shirley Potter, born in 187 1, and Arthur
Derby Draper, born in 1S74.

DUNSTER, Henry, 1612-1659.

Born in Lancashire, Eng, about 1612; educated at
Cambridge, Eng.; first President of Harvard, 1640-54;
Pastor at Scituate, Mass., 1654-59; died in Scituate,
Mass., 1659.

HENRY DUNSTER, first President of Har-
vard, was born in Lancashire, England,
about 1612; died in Scituate, Massachusetts, Feb-
ruary 27, 1659. He was educated at Cambridge,
England, where he had John Milton and Jeremy
Taylor among his fellow-students, and emigrated to
New England to escape persecution for noncon-
formity. In 1640, soon after his arrival, he was
chosen first President of Harvard, which for sev-
eral years had been under the charge of " Mas-
ter" Nathaniel Eaton, who was removed for the
severity of his discipline. President Dunster, we
are told by Quincy, "united in himself the charac-
ters of both Patron and President, for poor as he
was, he contributed, at a time of the utmost need, a
hundred acres of land toward the support of the
College, besides rendering it for a succession of
years a series of services well directed, unwearied
and altogether inestimable." After fourteen years
at the head of the institution, he tendered his resig-
nation in 1654, on account of exceptions taken by
the College authorities to his proclamation in the
pulpit of the Catnbridge church, of which he was
Pastor, of certain dotibts that had arisen in his mind
as to the validity of infant baptism. For this
offence he was also indicted by the Grand Jury,
sentenced to a public admonition, and to give bonds
for good behavior. After his resignation he re-
moved to Scituate, where he was employed in the
ministry until his death. By his last will he ordered
that his body should be buried in Cambridge, and

magnanimously bequeathed legacies to the very per-
sons who had been instrumental in his removal from
the Presidency. He was greatly esteemed for his
extensive learning, his sincere piety, and his modest
and unobtrusive deportment. His knowledge of the
Oriental languages, especially Hebrew, was remark-
able. Under his influence Harvard took a high
stand, and through his intelligent administration of
its interests, as well as his tliorough educational
methods, received an impulse which is doubtless
felt to the present day.

EVERETT, Edward, 1794-1865.

Born in Dorchester, Mass., 1794; graduated at
Harvard, 1811; Pastor at Boston; Tutor in Latin at
Harvard; Professor of Greek at Harvard, 1815-1826;
Editor North American Review; member of Con-
gress, 1824 ; Governor of Massachusetts, 1835-38 ;
Minister to England, 1840-45; President of Harvard,
1846-1849; Secretary of State, 1852; U. S. Senator,
1853; died in Boston, 1865.

EDW.XRl) EVERETT, LL.D., D.C.L., tenth
President of Harvard, was born in Dor-
chester, Massachusetts, April 11, 1794, son of Rev-
Oliver Everett, Pastor of the New Soutli Churcli in

EDWARD K\'EREtT

Boston, 1782-92; died in Boston, January 15,
1865. lie was graduated at Harvard, iSii, with

UNIFERSiriES JND ^JIIF.IK SONS

tlic lii,i;lK'^l lioniirs, and in 1813, was scltleil over
the Unitarian Cliurch in ISratlle Square, UostDii.
Since graduation he liad been a T,atin Tutor at Har-
vard, and in 1S14, at the a;,'e of twenty-one, was
appointed to fill the newly formed Chair of (Ireek
Literature. Soon afterward he went abroad, and
spent the four years 1S15-19 in Europe. On his
return home he entered \ii>on tlie duties of his
Greek Professorship. lie was Editor of the North
American Review, 1S20-J4. In 1S24 he was
elected to Congress, wliere he served as Representa-
tive by successive re-elections for ten years. For
the four years 1835-38 he was Governor of Massa-
chusetts. In 1840 he again went to Europe, and
while residing in London was appointed Minister to
England, in which capacity he served until recalled
by President Polk in 1S45. From 1S46 to 1849 ^^
was President of Harvard. In 1853 he was ap-
pointed Secretary of State, ami in 1853 he was
elected to the United States Senate, but was obliged
to resign his seat on account of ill health. At the
time of his death Mr. lu-erett had in [ireparation a
course of lectures on international law, which he had
intended to deliver before the Dane Law School.

President l-'elum was a meuiber of the Massa-
chusetts r5oard of Ivhication, and one of the Re-
gents of the Smithsonian Institution. His literary

FELTON, Cornelius Conway, 1807-1862.

Born in West Newbury, Mass., 1807; graduated at
Harvard, 1827; taught in Geneseo, N. Y. ; Latin and
Greek Tutor at Harvard ; Eliot Professor of Greek
Literature, 1834-1S60: Regent of the College, 1849-
1857; President of Harvard, 1860-1862; member of the
Mass. Board of Education; Regent of the Smith-
sonian Institute; died in Chester, Penn., 1862.

CORXELIUS CONWAY FELTON, LL.D.,
nineteenth President of Harvard, was born
in West Newbury, Massachusetts, November 6,
1807 ; died in Chester, Pennsylvania, February 26,
1S62. He was graduated at Harvard in 1827, and
after teaching for two years in Geneseo, New York,
was appointed Latin Tutor at Harvard, and became
Greek Tutor in 1S30. In 1S32 he was made Pro-
fessor of Greek, and in 1S34 was given the ICliot
Professorship of Greek Literature. He was also
for many years Regent of the College. He spent
several months in Greece in 1853-54, studying the
country and its remains of ancient art, as well as its
present language and literature. He also visited
the various collections of Greek art and antiquities
throughout F^urope. In 1858 he again visited
Europe, and in i860 he was elected President of
Harvard, which office he held initil his death.

C. C. FELTON

labors were extended, and he was noted as one of
the most profound and enthusiastic classical scholars
in the country.

ELLIS, George Edward, 1814-1894.

Born in Boston, Mass., 1814; graduated at Harvard
in 1833, and from the Divinity School a year later;
Pastor of the Harvard Church, Charlestown, Mass. ;
Professor of Systematic Theology in Harvard Divinity
School; Editor of Christian Register and Christian
Examiner; Vice-President and President of the Mass.
Historical Society; Overseer of Harvard; received
from Harvard the degree of D.D. in 1847, and that of
LL.D. in 1883; died in Boston, 1894.

Gi:ORGE EDW.VRD ELLIS, D.D., Overseer
and Penefactor of Harvard, one of the most
retiring, but one of the most talented, sons of the
State of Massachusetts, was born in Poston, August 5,
1814. He was graduated from Harvaril in 1S33,
when but fifteen years of age, an<I a year later received-
his diploma from the Divinity School, .\fter leaving
Harvard he made a tour of l'"uro])e, and was one of
the few Americans who witnessed the crowning of

UNU'ERSiriES AND Til KIR SONS

Queen Victoria, which event he graphically described
in the Atlantic Monthly under the title of " The
Autobiography of an Octogenarian." In 1S40 he
was chosen Pastor of the I larvard Church at Charles-
town, where he preached for seventeen years. He
then travelled again until 1S57, when he was ap-
pointed Professor of Systematic Theology in the
Harvard Divinity School. He served there until
1863, when he engaged in literary work. In 1872
he became Editor of the Christian Register, and
later of the Christian Examiner. He was long
connected with the Massachusetts Historical Society,
and served as its President and Vice-President. In
1870-71 he was a member of the Board of Over-
seers of Harvard, and the College honored him
by conferring the degree of Doctor of Divinity
in 1 84 7, and that of Doctor of Laws in 1883.
He had the distinguished honor of delivering
the address at the unveiling of the statue of
John Harvard in Cambridge, in 1884. Dr. Ellis
died in Boston, December 20, 1S94. He left a
bequest of $30,000 to Harvard, to constitute a
fund known as the Harvard Ellis Fund, in memory
of his son, John Harvard Ellis, of the Class of
1862. A liberal contributor to a large number of
periodicals, he was also the author of several ar-
ticles for the Ninth Edition of the Encyclopedia
Britannica.

FOLLEN, Charles Theodore Christian,
1796-1840.

Born in Romrod, Germany, 1796; studied at the
University of Giessen; received the D.C.L. degree,
1817; Professor of Latin at Zurich ; Professor of Civil
Law at Basel; came to America and studied Divinity;
Instructor in German at Harvard, 1825-30, and Pro-
fessor of German, 1630-35; Pastor at East Lexington,
Mass. ; died in Long Island Sound, 1840.

CHARLES THEODORE CHRISTIAN FOL-
LEN, D.C.L., Professor at Harvard, was born
at Romrod, Germany, September 4, 1796; died
January r3, 1840. The son of an eminent jurist,
he distinguished himself in his early school life by
his proficiency in ancient and modern languages.
Entering the University of Giessen, he presently
heard the news of Napoleon's defeat at Leipsic, and
left his books to enter a corps of riflemen. Later
he returned to the University, where he took the
degree of Doctor of Civil Law in 181 7. Shortly
afterwards he was arrested on the groundless sus-
picion of having been concerned in the murder of
Kotzebue. Because of this trouble Dr. Follen left

Germany and went to Paris, but in 1820, by
governmental edict, he with all the Germans was
obliged to quit France and repaired to Zurich, where
he became a Professor of Latin. In 1824 the gov-
ernments of Russia, Austria and Prussia demanded
of the Swiss government that Dr. Follen be surren-
dered to answer for the crime of disseminating rev-
olutionary documents while a Professor of Civil Law
at the University of Basel. Finding the Swiss gov-
ernment unable to protect him he made his way to
America, and after studying English for a year was
appointed Instructor in German at Harvard. He
studied divinity with Dr. W. E. Channing and be-
gan preaching in 1S28. In 1S30 he was appointed
Professor of German Language and Literature at
Harvard, and held the chair until 1835. It was

CHARLES FOLLEN

during his service in this capacity that so great
friction arose over his anti-slavery opinions that the
Professorship was discontinued in 1834. For the
two years following Dr. Follen supported himself by
writing and teaching, until in 1836 he was formally
ordained as a Unitarian minister and preached oc-
casionally in New York, Washington and Boston.
In 1840 he was settled over a parish in East Lex-
ington, Massachusetts, but while on his way from
New York to Boston he lost his life in the burning
of the steamer Lexington. He published several

UNirERSini'lS JND rilEIR SONS

text-books of the German language, and his com-
plete works on moral philosojihy, miscellaneous
essays and sermons, also a fragment of the treatise
on psychology and a memoir by his witlow, were
jjublished in five volumes after his death.

GORE, Christopher, 1758-1829.

Born in Boston, Mass., 1758; graduated at Harvard,
1776; studied law and admitted to the Bar; delegate to
the Mass. Constitutional Convention, 17SS; District
Attorney for Mass., 1790-1796; Commissioner to Eng-
land to settle British spoliation claims; Charge
d'Affaires at London; Governor of Mass.; U. S. Sen-
ator, 1813-1816; Presidential Elector, 1817; Overseer
and Fellow of Harvard; received the degree of
LL.D. from Harvard, 1809; Gore Hall named in his
honor; died ia Waltham, Mass., 1829.

CHRISTOPHER CORK, LL.D., Benefactor
of LLirvard, was born in Iloston, Massachu-
setts, September 21, 1758, a son of John Gore, who
in 1778 was persecuted and banished from the

CHRISTOPHER UORE

Colony as a loyalist, but was restored to citizenship
in 1787 by Act of Legislature; died in Waltham,
Massachusetts, March i, 1829. He was graduated
at Harvard in 1776, studied law with Judge Lowell,
and in a few years established a lucrative practice in

15oston. 1 le was a delegate to the ^[assachusetts
Constitutional Convention of 17SS. From 1790 to
1796 he served as the first l)istrict-.\ltorney for
Massachusetts, under an a])pointmcnt by Washing-
ton. He was then appointed a Commissioner to
England to settle tiie lirilish spoliation claims, and
reniaineil in London for eight years, during the last
of which he was Chargii d'.Affaires. In 1809, after
serving some years in the General Court, he was
elected (iovernor of i\Ltssachusetts, but served only
a year. In 1 813-16, he was United States Senator.
\n I Si 7, after serving as a Presidential l-llector, he
retired to private life. From 18 10 to 181 5 he was
an Overseer, and from 181 2 to 1S20 a Fellow of
Llarvard, and on his deatli he left the L'niversity
nearly 1^100,000. Harvard in 1S09, bestowed on
him the degree of Doctor of Laws, and the Harvard
Library lUiilding, Gore Hall, completed in 1841, is
named in his honor. His final benefaction was only
the last of many gifts : the Law School library had
been an especial object of his generosity during his
life-time. His bequest, at the time it was made,
was held to be the largest benefaction the Univer-
sity had ever received from an individual.

GRAY, Asa, 1810-1888.

Born in Paris, N. Y., 1810; graduated at the Fairfield
Medical College; Professor of Botany and Zoology
at the University of Mich.; Fisher Professor of
Natural History at Harvard ; Associate Editor of the
American Journal of Science and Art ; President of
the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; Presi-
dent of the American Association for the Advance-
ment of Science; received the LL.D. degree from
Harvard, 1887; died in Cambridge, Mass., 1888.

AS.V GR.-W, LL.D., Professor of Natural His-
tory at Harvard, than whom no man in a
strictly professional life has cast more reflected credit
upon the College at Cambridge, was one of the
foremost scientists and most eminent botanists to
whom America has given birth. No American was
better known than he among scientific investigators
in Europe as well as in this country, and no one was
ever more highly respected or held in more cordial
regard. His home in Cambridge, presided over by
Mrs. Gray, a daughter of the late Hon. Charles 1).
Loring, is even now remembered by those who were
admitted to it on terms of friendship. Dr. Gray was
born in Paris, Oneida county. New York, November
18, 1 8 10. He was graduated at the Fairfield Medi-
cal College in 1S31. but his ardent love of botany.

UNirRRSlTIES JND THEIR SONS

wliicli hail alread)' developed, kepi him from con-
tnuung the i)ractice of the medical profession. In
1834, he was appointed llotanist to a Ignited States
Exploring Expedition, but a delay in starling caused
him to resign his position. In 1S38, when the
l^niversity of Michigan was organized, he was tlie
first Professor ajjpointed, his chair being that of
Botany and Zoology. Four years later he was made
Fisher Professor of Natural History at Harvard,
where for forty-five years he continued in active
service, luitil 1873, after which date, and up to the
time of his death, he had charge of the Herbarium

ASA GRAY

and devoted himself entirely to scientific investiga-
tion, in which he had the assistance of another dis-
tinguished botanist, Mr. Screno Watson. Dr. Gray's
work on the Flora of North America was literally
the task of a lifetime, for from the time when the
first part was published in 183S, in co-operation
with Dr. Toury, he was occupied up to the last days
of his life in studies connected with it. He made
frequent journeys to ]']urope for study, and had but
recently returned from a \'oyage made for this pur-
pose when he died. Dr. Gray's contributions to
the literature of his chosen science were numerous
and valuable. They began in papers and mono-
graphs in 1834-35. In 1S36 he published the first
edilion of his Elements of liolany, a work whose

plan of construction was so carefully considt'red that
it was retained as the basis of all his later text-books.
Out of it grew an ample work of four volumes, treat-
ing respectively of Arganography upon llie basis of
Morphology, liislology and Physiology, Gr\'ptogamic
Botany, and sjiecial Morphology of the Natural ( )rder.
]jr. Gray thought much and wrote not a little upon
the Darwinian theory, and his papers upon this sub-
ject were published in a volume called Darwinia.
His attitude toward these theories was symi)athctic,
but he was not one of those men of science to whom
the acceptance of these explanations of the universe
created a question as to its author. He defined his
own position as that of one who was " scientifically
and in his own fashion a Darwinian, philosophically
a convinced theist, and religiously an acceptor of
the creed commonly called the Nicenc as the ex-
ponent of the Christian faith." Dr. Gray was for
many years Associate Editor of the American Jour-
nal of Science and Art, to which he contributed
many im]iortant papers. He was a liberal contri-
butor to a large number of scientific magazines, the
Atlantic Monthly and the North American Review.
In 1863, Dr. Gray was elected President of the
American Academy of Arts and Sciences and held
that position for ten years. In 1872, he was Presi-
dent of the Atnerican Association for the .Advance-
ment of Science. He was a meinber of most of the
scientific societies of the United States and also
a corresponding and honorary member of many
abroad. The feeling entertained toward Dr. Gray
among men of science and men of letters abroad
was finely expressed by Dr. Sandys in 1887, when,
in conferring upon him the degree of Doctor of
Laws in behalf of Cambridge University, he said of
him : " And now we are glad to come to the Har-
vard Professor of Natural History, f;icile priiiceps
of Trans- Atlantic botanists. God grant that it may
be allowed to such a man at length to carry to
happy completion that great work which he long
ago began, of more accurately describing the flora
of North America ! Meanwhile this man, who has
so long adorned his fair science by his labors anil
his life, even unto a hoary age, ' bearing,' as our
poet says, ' the white blossom of a blameless life,'
him, I say, we gladly crown at last with the flowerets
of praise, with this corolla of honor. For man)',
many years may Asa Gray, the venerable priest
of Flora, render more illustrious this academic
crown." The death of Professor Gray took place
January 30, 1888, at his home in Cambridge,
Massachusetts.

UNIVERSITIES JND TUh'.IR SONS

GATES, Lewis Edwards, 1860-

Born in Warsaw, N. Y., March 23, i860; educated
at Albany Academy, Rochester College and Harvard ;
has been Instructor in Forensics at Harvard, Instructor
in English, Assistant Professor of English; has writ-
ten numerous articles for literary journals, has edited
several books; and has published a volume of essays.

LEWIS EDWARDS (;.V1'1':S, Assistant Professor
of English at Harvard, was born in \\'arsaw,
New York, Marcli 23, 1S60. His mother, Jennette
Parsons Gates, was a direct descendant of Jonathan
Edwards, being the granddaughter of one of his
great-grandsons. Mr. Gates's father, Seth Merrill

LEWIS E. GATES

Gates, was a member of Congress for western New
York from 183S to 1842, and was closely associated
with John Qiiincy Adams, Slade and Giddings in the
anti-slavery agitation. After receiving an education
at the Warsaw Union School, at Albany Academy
(Albany, New York), and for one year, 1S79-80, at
Rochester College (Rochester, New York) Lewis E.
Gates entered Harvard, where he graduated in 18S4.
The next three years were spent as Instructor in
Forensics at Harvard. Then, after several years'
study in luirope Mr. Gates returned in 1S90 to be-
come Instructor in I'',nglish and in 1.S96 was made
Assistant Professor in the same department. He
has contributed reviews and articles to the New

York Nation, The Critic and other literary journals,
has edited with introductions and notes the following
books : Essays of J''rancis Jeffrey ; Newman's I'rose,
.Arnold's Prose, and has published a volume of
essays, Three Studies in Literature.

HANCOCK, Charles Lowell, 1810-1890.

Born in Boston, Mass., 1810; graduated at Harvard,
iS2g; practised law in Chicago; at his death made
Harvard his residuary legatee; died in Boston, 1890.

CHARLES LOWELL HANCOCK, Benefactor
of Harvard, was born in Boston, March 6,
iSio. He was a member of the family of Han-
cocks eminent in the history of Massachusetts, and
was a grand-nephew of the Revolutionary ])atriot
and early Governor of Massachusetts. His father
was John Hancock, a native of Boston and a son of
Ebenezer Hancock, brother of Governor John Han-
cock. After preparation in the local schools, Charles
Lowell Hancock entered Harvard and was graduated
in the class which included Oliver Wendell Holmes,
Rev. Samuel F. Smith, Rev. Samuel May, Professor
Benjamin Peirce, Rev. James Freeman Clarke, Judge
George F. Bigelow, Judge Benjamin R. Curtis and
Hon. George T. Davis. After his graduation he
established himself in the practice of law in Chicago,
where he lived for many years. At the time of his
death, which occurred in the City Hospital in
Boston, April 22, 1890, he was on a visit to tlie
East. He was buried in the Hancock vault in the
Old Granary burying-ground. During his life he
made a collection of several valuable Hancock
manuscripts, the literary property of his family,
which he presenteil to the New England Historic
Genealogical Society. His will made Harvard his
residuary legatee, with a special provision that the
Hancock Professorship should be amply maintained
and the remainder of the bequest devoted to the
general purposes of the University. The sum which
became available to the University from this source
amounted to over S 70,000.

HILL, Thomas, 1818-1891.

Born in New Brunswick, N. J., 1818, studied at lower
Dublin Academy near Philadelphia; graduated at Har-
vard, 1843, and Harvard Divinity School, 1845 ; Pastor at
Waltham, Mass. ; President of Antioch College, Ohio;
Pastor at Cincinnati: President of Harvard, 1862-68;
member of the Mass. Legislature; Pastor at Portland,

UNIVERSIT'IES JND 7'1/KlR SONS

Me.; received the degrees of D.D. from Harvard in
1880, and that of LL.D. from Yale in 1863; died in
Waltham, Mass., iSgi.

THOM.VS 1111,1,, I,l..r). S.T.D., twciiticlh
President of Harvaiil, was born in New
I'.iuiiBwick, New Jersey, January 7, 181 8; died in
W'altliam, Massachusetts, November 21, 1891. He
was the son of an luiglishman, who was a tanner by
occupation and also ser\'ed as Judge of the Superior
Court of Common I'leas. The son was left an orphan
at an early age, and in his twelfth year was appren-
ticed to a printer for three years. After serving his

THOM.A.S HILL

time at the printing trade he attended the lower
Dublin Academy near Philadelphia for a year, and
was then apprenticed to an apothecary. Subse-
quently he entered Harvard, where he was graduated
in the Academic Class of 1843, and at the Divinity
School in 1845. For the ne.xt fourteen years he
had charge of a Unitarian Pastorate in Waltham,
Massachusetts. In 1859, he was elected to the
Presidency of Antioch College, Ohio, and during his
incumbency of that office he also officiated as Pastor
of the Church of the Redeemer in Cincinnati. In
1862, he became President of Harvard. His ad-
ministration continued for six years, until 1868,
when impaired health led him to resign. After his
retirement President Hill resumed his residence in

Waltham, and in 187 i represented that town in the
State Legislature. The following year he arcom-
l)anied Professor Louis .Agassiz on the Hasslrr Lx-
pedition to South America, and on his return he
accepted a call to the LInitarian Church in Portland,
Maine, in which pastorate he continued for many
years. I le received the degree of Doctor of Divinity
from Harvard in 18S0, and that of Doctor of Laws
froui \'ale ill 1863. Dr. Hill possessed much mathe-
matical genius, and was the inventor of several
mathematical machines, chief among whicli was an
occultator, by which occultations visible west of the
Mississippi from 1S65 to 1869 were calculated for
publication in ihe American Nautical Almanac.
He was the author of \arious works that have been
published in book f )rm, and was a contributor to
numerous periodicals, mathematical and astronomi-
cal journals, and religious newspapers.

HOLWORTHY, Matthew,

-1678.

Merchant at Hackney, Eng. ; knighted by Charles U.,
1665; bequeathed /^looo to Harvard; Holworthy Hall
named in his honor; died in 1678.

SIR ALVTTHEW HOLWORTHY was distin-
guished among the early trans-Atlantic bene-
factors of Harvard College, along with Lady Moulson
and Theophilus Gale. After considerable research
on both sides the water little has been ascertained
concerning him, his life and fortunes. It is certain,
however, that he was a merchant of Hackney, in the
County of Middlesex, England ; that he was knighted
by Charles II. in 1665 ; that he possessed great
wealth, was distinguished for charity and piety, and
that he died in 167S. His bequest to the College
was the largest single gift of money it received dur-
ing the seventeenth century. His bounty at the
time was most useful in character because unre-
stricted in its terras. He made the amount appli-
cable to the wants of the institution by placing it at
the immediate control of its Governors. The be-
quest consisted of ^/^looo sterling, "to be paid o\'er
to the Governors and Directors of the College to be
disposed of by them as they shall judge best for
promoting of learning and ]>romulgation of the Gos-
pel in those pjarts." It was to be paid within two
years from the death of the benefactor. The Uni-
versity honored his name in 1812, by giving it to
the hall erected at that time. President Kirkland,
at the time of the laying of the foundation of llie
new hall, said, after narrating the meagre facts that

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

arc known concerning him : " \\'c liave evidence,
however, that lie was one of tiiose generous spirits
who are interested in human nature and human
happiness wiierever found. He extended his solici-
tude to this seminary, then obscure and little con-
sidered by the world and capable of adding little to
the character of its benefactors, and contributed a
bounty which did much to rear it to a manly
strength."

MOLLIS, Thomas, 1659-1731.

Born in 1659; was a merchant in London, Eng. ;
founded the HoUis Professorship of Divinity at Har-
vard, endowed the Professorship of Mathematics and
Philosophy; and was a donor to the College in many
other ways; Hollis Hall named in honor of his family,
which numbered other benefactors of Harvard among
its members; died in London, 1731.

THOMAS HOLLLS, one of Harvard's early
benefoctors, born in 1659, was a merchant
of London, I'lngland, where he died in J"ebruary
1731. He was Trustee under the will of his

THOMAS HOLLIS

uncle Robert Penoyer, and a bequest made to
Harvard in that instrument first attracted his atten-
tion to the New England College. After making
two considerable donations to the College, he gave
in I 72 1, the fund by which the Hollis Professorship

of Divinity was established. In 1727, he also en-
dowed a Professorship of Mathematics and Philos-
ophy. He gave many books to the Library, and
a set of Hebrew and (Ireek types for printing.
LI is brothers John and Nathaniel were also bene-
factors of the College. His nephew and heir,
Thoni;is, son of Nathaniel, gave money, books and
jihilosophical apjxiratus. LI is grand-nephew, 'I'homas,
son of the second 'I'homas, gave to the College,
among other donations, books that were \alueil at
;^I400. Other members of the Hollis family were
also liberal friends to Harvard, and one of the halls
in the yard is named in honor of the family. .Mto-
gether, the Hollis benefactions constitute the most
remarkable feature in the cherishing of the College
up to the close of the eighteenth century.

HOAR, Leonard, 1630-1675.

Born in England about 1630, graduated at Harvard,
1650; received the M.D. degree from Cambridge, Eng. ;
Pastor at Boston, Mass.; President of Harvard, 1672;
died in Cambridge, Mass., 1675.

LEONARD HOAR, M. D., third President of
Harvard, was the first graduate of the College
to hold that office. He was born in England about
1630. His fiither is reputed to have been a wealtliy
London banker, who died soon after coining to
Boston ; but there is a doubt if he ever came to the
New World. Leonard Lloar crossed the Atlantic,
probably with his two brothers, his two sisters, and his
mother. He was graduated at Harv;ird in 1650 and
remained the ensuing year at the College. After
several years of travel and preaching in England, he
returned to IJoston in 1672, having received the
degree of Doctor of Physick at the Llniversity of
Cambridge, England, the preceding year. In Bos-
ton he preached as assistant to the Rev. Thomas
'Lhacher, Pastor of the Old South Church, but almost
immediately the Corporation invited him to the
Presidency of Harvard. He was elected July 13,
1672, and was inaugurated in December of that
year. Within a year, however, dissensions arose,
and by October 1674, these attained such propor-
tions that the General Court ordered the President
and Fellows before it for the purpose of investi-
gating the unprosperous condition of the College.
Although Cotton Mather described President Hoar
as a " worthy man," there seemed to be a large fac-
tion in the College in opposition to him, and this
faction was upheld by some very respectable men of

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

standing in the community. The situation became
so grave that the students — all but three living in
Cambridge — tleserted the institution ; and Urian
Oakes, Thomas Shepard, Joseph Brown and John
Richardson, all graduates of the College, resigned
from the Board, leaving the Corporation without a
majority to transact business. This state of things
continued until President Hoar resigned, March 15,
1675. He outlived his defeat less than a year,
dying November 28, 1675.

HOLYOKE, Edward, 1689-1769.

Born in Boston, Mass., 1689; graduated at Harvard,
1705; Tutor there, 1712; Fellow of the Corporation,
1713; Pastor at Marblehead, Mass.; President of Har-
vard, 1737-1769; died in Cambridge, Mass., 1769.

EDW.\I^D HOLVOKE, .\.M., ninth President
of Harvard, was born in Boston, Massachu-
setts, June 25, 16S9, died in Cambridge, Massachu-
setts, June I, 1769. He was graduated at Harvard

ED\V.\RD HOLYOKE

in 1705, became a Tutor there in 1712, and a Fellow
of the Corporation in 17 13. Having studied for
the ministry, he was ordained Pastor of the Congre-
gational Ciiurch at Marblehead, Massachusetts, where
he officiated for twenty-one years. He was elected
President of fiarvard in 1737, and served in that

capacity luitil his death in 1769. Mr. Holyoke in
I 742 published a pamphlet entitled : The Testimony
of the Presiilent, Professors and .Students of Harvard
against the Rev. George \Miitfield and his Conduct,
brought out by the publication of W'liitfield's journal
reflecting on the morals of the College and the
want of religious feeling among the Faculty. His
son, Edward .Augustus, a graduate of Harvard in
1746, who was a practising physician for eighty
years, livetl to the age of one hundred and one years
and at ninety-tuo performed a difficult surgical
operation, was the founder and first President of
the Massachusetts Medical Society. Another son,
Samuel, a Harvard graduate of 1789, was a some-
what noted musician and musical composer.

LANGDON, Samuel, 1723-1797.

Born in Boston, Mass., 1723: graduated at Harvard,
1740; Chaplain of a N. H. Regiment, 1745; Pastor
at Portsmouth, N. H., 1747; President of Harvard,
1774-80; delegate to the N. H. Constitutional Conven-
tion; fellow American Academy Arts and Sciences;
received the D.D. degree from Univ. of Aberdeen, 1762 ;
died in Hampton Falls, N. H., 1797.

S.AMUF.L L.XNGDON, S.T.D., eleventh Presi-
dent of Harvard, was born in Boston, Massa-
chusetts, January 12, 1723 : died in Hampton Falls,
New Hampshire, November 29, 1 797. He was
graduated at Harvard in 1740, studied theology
while teaching at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, and
in 1745, was appointed Chaplain of a Regiment.
He was present at the capture of Louisburg, and on
his return was appointed assistant to Rev. James
Fitch of the North Church in Portsmouth. He was
ordained Pastor in 1747, and continued in that
charge until 1774, when he became President of
Harvard. In 1780 he resigned, and soon after
became Pastor of the Congregational Church at
Hampton Falls, New Hampsliire. He was a Dele-
gate in 1 78S to the New Hampshire Convention
that adopted the Constitution of the United States,
was a member of the .American .Academy of .Arts
and Sciences from its foundation, and was distin-
guished as a scholar, theologian, and patriot. The
degree of Doctor of Divinity was given him by the
University of Aberdeen in 1762.

KIRKLAND, John Thornton, 1770-1840.

Born in Herkimer, N. Y., 1770: graduated at Har-
vard, 1789; studied theology; Tutor in Metaphysics at

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

Harvard; Pastor of the New South Church, Boston,
Mass ; President of Harvard, 1810-28; received the
degrees of D.D. from Princeton, 1802, and LL.D. from
Brown, 1810; died in Boston, Mass., 1840.

JOHN THORNION KIRKLAND, S.T.D.,
LI,.l)., fourteenth President of 1 l:irvard, was
burn in Herkimer, New York, August 17, 1770 ; died
in Boston, Massachusetts, April 24. iS^o. He was

library." '1 he degree of Doctor of Divinity was
conferred upon him by Princeton in 1802, and that
of Doctor of Daws by Brown in 18 10.

JOHN' T. KIRKL.-iN'D

the son of Rev. Samuel Kirkland, a noted tnissionary
among the Indians, Chaplain in the Continental
Army, and founder of Hamilton College. John T.
Kirkland was graduated at Harvard in t 7S9, and
entered upon the study of theology under the
Rev. Stephen West of Stockbridge, Massachu-
setts. Experiencing a change of religious views,
however, he returned to C:inibridge, and became a
Tutor in Metaphysics at Harvard while preparing
for the Unitarian ministry. He became Pastor of
the New South Church in r>oston in 1794, and
officiated in that charge until 1810, when he was
elected President of Harvard. His administration
covered a period of seventeen years, during which
"the course of study was greatly enlarged, the Law
School established, the Medical School re-organized,
four different Professorships in the Academical
Department endowed and filled, three new College
buildings erecteil and large additions made to the
VOL. It. — 2

LOCKE, Samuel, 1732-1778.

Born in Woburn, Mass., 1732; graduated at Har-
vard, 1755; Pastor at Sherburne, Mass., 1759; Presi-
dent of Harvard, 1770; received the D.U. degree from
Harvard, 1773; died in Sherburne, 1778.

SAMUKL LOCKK, S.i'.l)., tenth President of
Harvard, was born in Woburn, Massachtisetts,
November 23, 1732. He was graduated at Harvaril
in 1755, and was ordained a minister at .Sherburne
in 1759. He retained this pastorate for ten years,
and in 1770 was appointed to the Presidency of
Harvard, wliich he filled until December 1773. when
he resigned and retired to private life. The degree
of Doctor of Divinity was conferred tipon him by
Harvard in 1773- He died in Sherburne, Massa-
chusetts, January 15, 1778.

LAWRENCE, Abbott, 1792-1855.

Born in Groton, Mass., 1792 ; was a merchant of Bos-
ton; Representative in Congress, 1835-36, and 1839-40;
Commissioner on the Northeastern Boundary ques-
tion, 1842; Presidential Elector, 1844; candidate for the
Vice-Presidential nomination, 1848; Minister to Great
Britain, 1349-52; President of the Essex Company,
which built the town of Lawrence, Mass. ; gave money
to found a Scientific School at Harvard; Overseer of
Harvard, 1854; received the LL.D. degree from Har-
vard, 1854; died in Boston, 1855.

ABBOIT LAWRENCE. LL.D., Founder of
the Lawrence Scientific School at Harvard,
was born in Groton, Massachusetts, December 16,
1792, the son of Samuel Lawrence, a Revolutionary
soldier and founder of the Groton Academy. At
the age of fifteen he was bound as apprentice to
his brother Amos, who had just begun business on
his own accotint as a dry-goods merchant in Boston.
In 1S14 he became a partner in the firm, which
under the name of A. & A. Lawrence conducted for
many years a profitable commission business in
foreign cotton and woollen goods. From about 1830
they were also largely interested as selling agents for
the cotton mills of Lowell, and subsequently were
extensively engaged in the China trade. .-Vbbott
served as Representative in Congress in 1835-36 and
a"-ain in 1839-40 ; was a Comtnissioner for the set-
tlement of the Northeastern Boundary question in
1842; was a Presidential l';ie(tor in 1S44 ; and in

UNIVERSiriES AND THEIR SONS

the AVhig National Convention of 1S4S, was a candi-
date for Vice-President, falling but six votes short of
a nomination. In 1849, having declined from
President Taylor a seat in the Cabinet, he accepted
the post of Minister to Creat Britain, which he
occupied until recalled at his own request in 1852.
He was President of the Essex Company, organized
in 1844 to build the manufacturing town of Law-
rence on the Merrimac River. In 1847 he gave

ABBOTT LAWRENCE

$50,000 to Harvard to found the Scientific .School
which bears his name, and on his death he left a
like sum in aid of the same object. In 1854 he had
been chosen a Harvard Overseer, and the same year
the University gave him the honorary degree of
Doctor of Laws. Other members of his family
have frequently been connected with the University
as benefactors or officers. He died in Boston,
August 18, 1855.

LONGFELLOW, Henry Wadsworth, 1807-
1882.

Born in Portland, Me., 1807; graduated at Bowdoin,
1825; Professor of Modern Languages and Literature
at Bowdoin, 1826; studied in France, Spain, Italy and
Germany ; Professor of French and Spanish Lan-
guages and Literature and Belles-lettres at Harvard;
received the degrees of LL.D. from Cambridge, Enp.,
and D.C.L. from Oxford; member Brazil Historical

and Geographical Society; the Scientific Academy of
St. Petersburg, Royal Academy of Spain and many
other foreign bodies; died in Cambridge, Mass., 1882.

H1-:.\RV WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW,
LL.D., D.C.L., Professor of French and
Sjianish Literatures, Belles-lettres, etc., at Harvard,
with a fame a^ world-wide as his tastes and pursuits
were catliolic. was born in Portland, Maine, on the
27th of February, 1807. 'I'iie old mansion where
he was born, being the first house erected in
Portland wholly of brick walls, is still pointed out
as an object of interest. His fiither was Stephen
Longfellow, a leading lawyer of the state, and his
grandfather was the first of the name who settled in
Maine. On his mother's side Longfellow was a
descendant of John Alden. After his i)reliminary
studies at Portland he was sent to Bowdoin, where
he graduated in 1825 in a class which comprised
among its members Nathaniel Hawthorne, Franklin
Pierce and several others who later won distinction
in the varying walks of life. Longfellow had in-
tended to devote himself to the practice of law, but
his natur;d bent toward literature had been so
stimulated by the flattering reception of some poetry
he had published during his College course that he
soon dropped all thought of, or care for, Blackstone
and Coke. It was even against the advice of the
Editor of the Ignited States Literary Gazette, who
had published several contributions of the young
poet, that Longfellow decided upon a literary life.
In 1826 he was offered the Professorship of Modern
Languages and Literature at Bowdoin, which posi-
tion he accepted with the proviso that he might
devote some time to preliminary foreign study.
Early in the year he sailed for Europe, remaining
abroad until 1S29. During his stay he was an assid-
uous student in France, Spain, Italy and Germany.
Returning, he immediately took up the work of
instruction and continued for five years to serve
his ir/wa ma/rr. It was during his stay at Bowdoin
that the first volumes of his poems were published,
comprising his translation of the Copeas de Man-
rique, his Outre-Mer and a volume of short
verse. He finally left Bowdoin to accept from
Harvard the offer of the place made vacant by the
resignation of Professor Tichnor, namely, the Smith
Professorship of French and Spanish Literatures,
together with the Professorship of Belles-lettres.
Mr. Longfellow then made a second visit to Europe
and passed about two years in Denmark. Sweden,
Germanv, Holland and Switzerland. During this
tour Mrs. Lonarfcllow died at Rotterdam. He

UNIVERSITIES JND T/IE/R SONS

returned to America in 1836 and entered upon iiis
worlc at Harvard, wliich during a period of seventeen
years was reniarl:ably fruitful botli in official and
literary labors. In 1S42 he again went abroad,
returning after a summer at Boppard on the Rhine,
to his Professorship. In 1854 he resigned his
educational work, to be succeeded by James Russell
Lowell. Many of Mr. Longfellow's best and most
popular works were published during the time that
he was a Professor at Harvard. Hyperion came
out in 1S39, and the Voices of the Niglit published
in the same year made him famous as a poet. Two
years later appeared Ballads and Other Poems,
which were followed in 1842, by Poems on Slavery.
In 1S43 the Spanish Student was published, in 1845
the Poets and Poetry of Europe, and the next year
the Belfry of Bruges and Other Poems. Evangeline
did not appear until 1847. His Kavanagh, a novel,
appeared in 1849 and was in turn followed by
Seaside and Fireside, after which came tlie Golden
Legend and the Song of Hiawatha. 'I'he Courtship
of Miles Standish was published in 1858, and the
Wayside Inn in 1863. In 1S67-70 a masterly
translation of Dante appeared which was received
with the greatest favor by the scholarly world. In
1869 he published New England Tragedies, and in
1871 the Divine Tragedy; in 1872, Three Books of
Song; in 1874, The Hanging of the Crane, and in
1875, Morituri Salutamus, a poem read at the fiftieth
anniversary of his class at Bowdoin. Longfellow's
popularity as a poet was by no means confined to
his native land. Among the English no other
American holds the place which has been accorded
Mr. Longfellow, and no English poet, except Tenny-
son, equals him in the regard of the English people.
It is quite within bounds to say that the circulation
of Mr. Longfellow's writings has been numbered by
the millions, since even as long ago as 1857, the
total sales of his works in this country had reached
nearly half a million copies, and eighteen different
English publishers were supplying the English mar-
ket with rival editions. Translations of his writings
have been made into German, Swedish and other
European tongues, and there is no poet writing in
the English language whose fame can be so accur-
ately described as " world-wide " as his. In the
latter part of May 1868, Longfellow revisited Europe,
where he was received with marked honors, which
naturally reached their climax in England, where it
was said by the Westminster Review that not one
of his English contemporaries had had a wider
or longer supremacy. The London Times published

a poetical welcome, signed " C. K. ", generally
attributed to Charles Kingsley, of which the follow-
ing are the opening lines :

'■ Welcome to En^lniul, tlioii whose sliniiis prolong
With glorious builc-ioll of our Sii.\oii song."

Among the numerous festive occasions that were
maile in his honor was one in which Mr. Gladstone
was present. .-Mthough it had been decided that no

HENKV \v. lon(;fello\v

speeches should be made, Mr. (iladstone was com-
pelled to respond to the inexorable demands of the
company, saying among other graceful things, that,
" After all, it was impossible to sit at the social board
with a man of Mr. Longfellow's world-wide fame
without offering him some tribute of their ailmi-
ration. Let them, therefore, simply but cordially
assure him that they were conscious of the honor
which they did themselves in receiving the great
poet among them." 'i'he L^niversity of Cam-
bridge conferred upon him the degree of Doc-
tor of Laws. In July 1869, he received the
degree of Doctor of Civil Law at Oxford, and re-
turned to tliis country on August 31st. In 1874, he
was nominated Lord Rector of the University of
Edinburgh and received a large complimentary vote.
He was a mnnber of the Brazil Historical and
Geographical Society, of the Scientific .-Xcademy of

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

St. Petersburg, and of the Royal Academy of Spain.
He received other like honors from many foreign
bodies and associations of a literary and historical
character. To few men, probably, so susceptible of
enjoyment, was life cast so smoothly and so pleas-
antly as to Mr. Longfellow. His dwelling, the his-
toric headquarters of Cleneral Washington, was all
that a man of taste could desire, but to this paradise
came one terrible affliction. In July 1861, JMrs.
Longfellow (second) while seated at the library table
accidentally touched a piece of lighted paper to her
dress which was immediately in flames. Mr. Long-
fellow sprang to her rescue, but she was so badly
burned that she die<l the next day. LTnder this
grievous stroke the poet visibly aged, although his
death had no direct connection with tlie nervous
troubles which grew upon him in the years which
followed. It was within sight of the College where
he had spent so many happy hours and where he
had done so much thorough work that he passed
away, March 24, 1882, at the age of seventy-five
years. Mr. Longfellow was twice married ; in 1S31
to Mary S. Potter, daughter of Judge Barrttt Potter,
of Portland ; and in 1843 '<' Frances Elizabeth
Appleton, daughter of Hon. Nathan Appleton of
Boston. The latter was the mother of five children,
all of whom survived both ol' their parents.

MATHER, Increase, 1639-1723.

Born in Dorchester, Mass., 1639 ; graduated at Har-
vard in 1656, and at Trinity College, Dublin, 1658;
Chaplain of the English garrison on the island of
Guernsey; Pastor of the North Church, Boston,
Mass., 1664; Acting President, Rector and President
of Harvard, 1685-1701 ; received the D.D. degree from
Harvard, 1692; died in Boston, Mass., 1723.

INCREASE MATHER, S.T.D., si.xth President
of Harvard, was born in Dorchester, Massa-
chusetts, June 21, 1639, son of Richard Mather, the
progenitor of the Mather family in New England ;
died in Boston, August 23, 1723. He was gradu-
ated at Harvard in 1656, and took his second de-
gree at Trinity College, Dublin, in 1658. In 1659
he became Chaplain of the English garrison on the
island of Guernsey. In 1661 he returned to Massa-
chusetts, and in 1664 became pastor of the North
Church in Boston, in which office he officiated until
his death — a period of nearly sixty years, — his
son Cotton being his colleague for a considerable
part of this time. In 1681, on the death of Presi-

dent Oakes of Harvard, Mr. Mather was appointed
his successor. lie took the chair and conferred
the degrees at the following commencement, but
his church refused to give him up, and he at once
resigned his new office. On the death of President
Rogers in 1685 the offer of the Presidency was
again made to him and was accepted. He served
until 1701, residing in Boston and continuing his
pastoral labors. President Mather was not only
active in affairs of education and religion, but he
rendered the Colony valuable service at a critical
time, visiting England in 1689, as agent of the

INCRIC.4SE .M.VnlLK

people to ask redress from the King for the taking
away of the charter that had been granted to the
ALassachusetts Piay Colony. In this mission he was
successful in the main, for although he found it im-
possible to secure the restoration of the old charter,
he procured a new one, under which the United
Colonies of Massachusetts Bay and Plymouth lived
to the time of the Revolution. While serving the
Colony in England he presented the claims of the
College to the King, and solicited not only royal
but private patronage, in this way securing the
benefits that came from the donations of Thomas
Hollis. Haivard in 1692, gave him the degree of
Doctor of Divinity, the first that was conferred in
this count! y.

UNJVERS/i//:S AND rilElK SUNS

LEVERETT, John, 1662-1724.

Born in Boston, Mass., 1662; graduated at Harvard,
1680; Judge of the Supreme Court of Mass.; Speaker
of the Colonial Legislature: member of the Council;
Commissioner to the Indians; Commissioner to Port
Royal, 1707; Fellow of Harvard, 1685-1700; President
of Harvard, 1707 ; died in Boston, 1724.

JOIIX LKVKRl";i"r, A.M., scvi-nth I'rcsidciu ol"
lLTrv;inl, was born in ISostun, Massachusetts,
August 25, 1662. He was a grandson of Sir John
Leverett, Colonial Covernor of Massachusetts. He
was graduated at Harvard in 16S0, and became a

JOHN LEVERETT

lawyer, Judge of the Supreme Court of the Province
of Massachusetts, Speaker of the Colonial Legisla-
ture, Member of the Council, Commissioner to
the Indians in 1 704, Commissioner to Port Royal
in 1707, and a Fellow of Harvard 1 685-1 700. In
1707 he became President of Harvard, and officiated
in that office until his deatli. Mr. Leverett was
a man of extensive scholarly attainments, and was
a member of the Royal Society, an honor which in
those days was rarely accorded to colonists. He
died in Boston, May 3, 1724.

History at Harvard; his benefactions to the Mass.
General Hospital resulted in the establishment of
the McLean Asylum for the Insane, named in his
honor; died in Boston, Mass., 1823.

JOHN McLKAN, Benefactor of Harvard, was
born at Georges, now 'Ihomaston, Maine, in
1761, ;ind was educated in the imblic schools of
Milton and Boston, Mass;ichusetts, his parents hav-
ing removed to Milton in his childhood. He re-
ceived a mercantile training ;ind eng.ige.l in trade
in lioston, eventually accumulating a fortune. At
his death, which occurred in iioston in 1S23, he left
^25,000 to found a Professorshii) of .\ncient and
Modern History at Harvard and the same amoimt
to the Massachusetts deneral Hos])ilal. He also
made the Hospit;il his residuary legatee, and in the
end it received nearly Si 20,000 from his estate.
In consequence, an important branch of the hospital,
the McLean Asylum for the Insane, was named for
him.

McLean, John, 1761-1823.

Born in Thomaston. Me., 1761; educated at Milton
and Boston, Mass. ; became a merchant in Boston ;
founded the Professorship of Ancient and Modern

PEABODY, George, 1795-1869.

Born in Danvers (now Peabody), Mass., 1795; was
trained for mercantile career ; established the banking
house of George Peabody & Co., London, Eng. ; inaug-
urated the series of Fourth of July dinners in London ;
endowed the second Grinnell Expedition sent in search
of Sir John Franklin; founded the Peabody Institute
at Danvers, Mass. ; endowed Phillips Andover Acad-
emy and Kenyon College; founded the Museum and
Professorship of American Archaeology and Ethnology
at Harvard; endowed a Department of Physical
Science at Yale ; gave liberally for the cause of edu-
cation in the South; endowed an Art School at Rome,
Italy ; endowed the Essex Institute at Salem ; died in
London, Eng., 1869.

EORGE PEABODY, LL.D., D.C.L., Founder
of the Peabody Museum of .Archeology at
Harvard and the Peabody Musetnn at Vale, was
born in Danvers (now Peabody), Massachusetts,
February iS, i795- He was a descendant of
Francis Paybody, who settled in New England in
1635. His business career was begun at the early
age of eleven years, as a clerk in a Danvers store.
This occupation he jmrsued in 'I'hetford, Vermont,
and in Newburyport, Massachusetts, after which he
assumed the management of a store for his uncle,
John Peabody, in Georgetown, District of Columbia.
In 1 814 he became a partner in a drygoods house
there, which soon after was removed to Baltimore,
and a few years later established branches in New
York and Philadelphia. Of this business he became
the head on the retirement of his partner in 1829.

UNIVERSiriES AND THEIR SONS

111 1S35, he, after others had failed in a similar at-
tempt, successfully negotiated in London the sale of
$8,000,000 worth of bonds, by which he sustained
the credit of Maryland. His commission of S200,-
000 he gave to the state. Two years later, in 1S37,
he settled in London, and established the banking
iiouse of George Peabody & Company. In 1S51 he
inaugurated a series of Fourth of July dinners in
London, and he contributed the money retiuired to
arrange and disi)lay the exhibits from the United
States at the London Exposition of that year.
From this time on his public benefactions were

GKORGE I'EAliODY

large and numerous. He gave ;? 10,000 to the
second Grinnell Expedition sent out under Dr.
Kane in search of Sir John Franklin ; $30,000 to
found the Peaboily Institute in Danvers, his native
town, to which he subsequently added 8170,000,
with 850,000 more for a similar institution at North
Danvers; §25,00010 Phillips Andover Academy, a
hke sum to Kenyon College, and $2,500,000 to
establish loiiging-houses for- the poor of London.
On a visit to this country in 1866, he conveyed to
a Board of Trustees $150,000 to found a Museum
and Professorship of .American Archeology and
Ethnology at Harvard. He gave an equal amount
to Yale toward a Department of Physical Science ;
and a sum amounting to over $2,000,000, which

three years later he increased to $3,500,000, for the
cause of education in the South ; besides contri-
buting about $200,000 to various charities. In
1S67, he endowed an Art School in Rome, Italy.
In 18C9, while on his last visit to the I'nited States,
he gave $150,000 to the Essex Institute at Salem,
and $165,000 to various other objects. It is hardly
extravagant to call Mr. Peabody tlie most munifi-
cent philanthropist of his times. The honorary
degree of Doctor of Laws was conferred upon him
by Columbian (D. C.) University in 1S66 and by
Harvard in 1SC7, and that of Doctor of Civil Law
by Oxford (England) in the latter year. He died in
London, England, November 4, 1869. For the
first time in the history of England, the obsequies
of a private foreign citizen were celebrated in
Westminster Abbey, where his remains would have
reposed, had it not been for the expressed wish of
Mr. Peabody to be buried in his native land. A
British worship transported his body to America,
and the great philanthropist foun<l a final resting-
place beside the grave of his mother in the cemetery
of the town of his birth.

CAKES, Urian, 1631-1681.

Born in England, 1631 ; graduated at Harvard, 1649;
studied theology ; Pastor at Tichfield, Eng. ; Pastor
at Cambridge, Mass.; Tutor and Fellow of Harvard;
Acting President and President of Harvard, 1671-81 ;
died in Cambridge, Mass., 1681.

URIAN OAKES, A.M., fourth President of
Harvard, was born in England in 1631.
He came to .America in 1634, and while yet very
young published in Cambridge a series of astro-
nomical calculations. He was graduated at Harvard
in 1649, studied theology, and after preaching for a
short time in Roxbury, went to England, and was
settled as a minister in Tichfield, Hampshire. In
1662, owing to his nonconformist views, he was for-
bidden to preach, but after finding an asylum for a
time among friends he presided over another con-
gregation. In 1668, he accepted a call to take
charge of the church at Cambridge, Massachusetts,
but the beginning of his pastoral labors there was
deferred until 167 1. He was a Tutor at Harvard
1650-52, a Fellow during the same period and
again in 1675, and on the death of President Hoar
in the latter year he assumed the duties of the
Presidency. In 1680 he was formally inaugurated
President, wliich office he filled until his death. He
died in Cambridge, July 25, 1681.

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

PEMBERTON, Ebenezer, 1671-1717.

Born in Boston, Mass., 1671 : graduated at Harvard,
i6gi ; Librarian, 1693-97; Tutor, 1697-1700: Fellow,
1707-1717; Pastor of the Old South Church, Boston,
Mass.; died in Boston, Mass., 1717.

EBENEZER PEMBERl'ON, A.M., I'litur,
Libniiiaii .md Erilou' of Harwinl, was
born ill Boston, Massachusetts, in January 167 1,
son of James Pemberton, one of tlie founders of the
Old South Church in Boston. He was gra(hiated at
Harvard in 1691, and for several years was a Tutor
in the College. From 1693 to 1697 he was Libra-
rian at Harvard, and from 1707 to 171 7 he served
as a Fellow of the Corporation. In t 700 he was
ordained Pastor of the Old South Church in Boston,
and this charge he held until his death, which
occurred in Boston, February 13, 171 7. He pub-
lished a large number of occasional discourses,
which with several epistles were printed collectively
in 1727.

QUINCY, Josiah, 1772-1864.

Born in Boston, Mass., 1772; graduated at Harvard,
1790 ; admitted to the Bar, 1793 ; member of the Mass.
Senate, 1804; member of Congress; Speaker of the
Mass. House of Representatives; member of the
Constitutional Convention, 1820; Mayor of Boston,
Mass., 1823-1828; Overseer of Harvard, 1810-29; Presi-
dent of Harvard, 1829; died in Quincy, Mass., 1864.

JOSIAH QUINCY, I.I..1)., fifteenth President of
Harvard, and fifth in lineal descent from
Edmund Quincy, the English immigrant who founded
the distinguished American family, was born in
Boston, February 4, 1772. He was prepared for
College at Phillips Andover Academy, and was
graduated at Harvard in 1790 at the head of his
class ; also receiving the Bichelor of .Xrts (honor-
ary) degree from Yale in the same year. He was
admitted to the Bar in 1793, and married Eliza
Susan Morton of New York in 1797. His Fonrlli
of July oration in 1798 attracted much attention and
won for him the Federalist nomination for Congress
in 1800. He was defeated, but elected to the State
Senate in the spring of 1804 and in the autumn of
the same year to Congress. Mr. Quincy labored
for the adoption of an amendment to the Consti-
tution, repealing the clause which gave the slave-
holders a basis of representation reckoned upon
three fifths of their slaves. Belonging to a minority
party he took an independent personal ground, he
opposed the embargo and the war with England,
and denounced the acquisition of Louisiana as a

state, whirli he deenied nn< onstitution;!! as trans-
cemling tlie powers conferred upon Congress to
admit only such new states as should be formed
from territory already belonging to the I'nion in
17.S7. .Although opposetl to the war he did not
witiihold his support from the ;ulministr;ition like
some members of his party, and made ;i s])ecrh in
flivor of strengthening the navy J:imiary 25, 181 2,
which excited general api)lause. Mr. Quincy in
that year declined a re-election to Congress and
served in the State Legislature for the greater part of
the next ten years, being Speaker of the House of

JOSIAH QUINCY

Representatives in 1821. He was a member of the
Constitutional Convention in 1S20. From 1823 to
1S28 he was Mayor of Boston anil introduced many
important reforms. He was an Overseer of Harvard
from iSio until 1829, when he was chosen Presi-
dent of the College, and held that ofifice for sixteen
years. Mr. Quincy was an early advocate of a
reasonable elective system. He was the means of
erecting and equipping the Astronomical Observ-
atory, and Dane Hall and Gore Hall were built
(Itiring his term of office. He introduced the mark-
ing system upon a strictly scientific \i\a\\, and estab-
lished the principle that law-breaking undergraduates
should be proceeded against like other offenders, in
the courts. From 1S45 until his death in Quincy,

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

July I, 1S64, Mr. (Jiiiiicy led a life of leisure. .At
his house all distinguished visitors were accustomed
to pay tlieir respects to the distinguished statesman
and scholar. His son Eclmund edited his speeches
and wrote his biography. Mr. (Juincy wrote a
Memoir of John Quincy .•Xchims and Histories of
Boston, the Boston .XthenKum, and Harvard Uni-
versity. The honorary degree of Master of .\rts
was conferred up m him by Harvard and by I'rince-
ton in 1796, and that of Doctor of Laws by Harvard
in 1824. He was a member of the Massachusetts
Historical S jciety, the American .\cademy of .\rts
and Sciences and the American Philosophical
Society.

ROGERS, John, 1631-1684.

Born in Cogjgeshall, Eng., 1631 ; graduated at Har-
vard, 1649; studied medicine and theology; Pastoral
Ipswich, Mass.; President of Harvard, 1682-84; died
in Cambridge, Mass., 1684.

JOHN ROCiKRS, A.M., fifth President of Har-
vard, was the son of Nathaniel Rogers, a worthy
divine of Ipswich, Massachusetts, and was born at
Coggeshall, England, January 1631. He came to
.America with his father, and graduating at Harvard
in 1649, afterwards studied medicine and theology.
He preached in Ipswich in 1656 and subsequently
shared the duties of its ministry. He was chosen
President of Harvard in 16S2, and ofificiated in that
office until his death July 2, 1684. His ancestry
has been traced in evidence which is not convincing
to John Rogers the martyr.

ROTCH, Arthur, 1850 1894.

Born in Boston, Mass., 1850; graduated at Harvard,
1871 ; studied Architecture at the Ecole des Beaux Arts,
Paris ; practised his profession in Boston ; founded
a Department of Architecture at Harvard; died in
Beverly, Mass., 1894.

ARTHUR ROTCH, Benefiictor of Harvard,
and eminent as an architect, was born in
Boston, Massachusetts, May 13, 1850. He was the
son of Benjamin V. Rotch, a Boston merchant of
the old school, who upon his retirement from
business indulged his strong artistic taste and ])ro-
duced many works of considerable value. Arthur
graduated from Harvard in 1871 and studied archi-
tecture for several years at the lu'ole des Beaux
Arts in Paris. On his return he allied himself with
George C. Tilden tmder the firm name of Rotch &
Tilden, with an office in Boston. They designed

many beautiful houses which were built in Boston,
Bar H;irbor, New York, Washington and elsewhere.
Until his marriage Mr. Rotch resided in Boston.
He tlien enjoyed a protracted European tour, during
which he studied the architecture of all the ancient
and modern iMiropean cities, paying particular atten-
tion to interior :uid mural decorations. The result of
these studies was shown in Mr. Rotch's subsequent
work, in which his skill in tlesigning won him
distinction. His interest in interior decoration led
him on to the study of painting, and he gained
reputation as a painter, also. He died at his home

ARTHUR ROTCH

in Beverly, Massachusetts, August 15, 1894. Mr.
Rotch left ,^25.000 from his estate " to be expended
in forming and maintaining a Department of .Archi-
tecture " at Harvard. The bequest has stimulated
study of architecture, and the Lawrence Scientific
School now devotes considerable time and money
to this noble art.

SPARKS, Jared, 1789-1866.

Born in Willington, Conn., 1789; studied at Phillips,
Exeter Academy; graduated at Harvard, 1815; Tutor
at Harvard, 1817-19 ; Pastor at Baltimore, Md. ; Chap-
lain National House of Representatives; Professor
Ancient and Modern History at Harvard, 1838-49 ;
President of Harvard, 1849-53; fellow American Acad-

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

emy; Vice-President Mass. Hist. Society; member
American Philosophical Society etc., etc. ; died in
Cambridge, Mass., 1866.

J.ARED SPARKS, LL. I)., seventeenth President
of Harvard, was born in Wiilington, Connecti-
cut, May 10, 1789. He was given scholarships in
Phillips- Exeter Academy and in I larvard, graduating
in 1S15. While teaching school during vacation in
TcSi3 at Havre de Grace, Maryland, he served in
the militia against the British, who burned the town.
He afterwards taught in Lancaster, Massachusetts,
and in rSi 7, returneil to Harvard for the study of
divinity while he acted as Tutor of Mathematics and
Natural History, and conducted the North American
Review. In May 1819, he was ordained Pastor of
a new Unitarian Church in Baltimore, and in 1821
was chosen Chaplain of the National House of
Representatives. During the next two years he
edited the Unitarian Miscellany and Christian
Monitor. His health being impaired, he resigned
his pastorate and took a journey through the West-
ern states. Returning to Boston, he purchased the
North American Review, which he conducted from
January 1S24 to 1831. In 1825 he began to collect
materials for the Life and Works of George Wash-
ington. In 1828 he visited Europe for the purpose
of transcribing documents for his undertaking in
public and private libraries, and on a later visit dis-
covered the "red-line map " of which use was made
in the northeastern boundary settlement of 1842.
From 1S39 to 1849 '^^ ^^''^s McLean Professor of
Ancient and Modern History at Harvard, and in
the latter year was chosen Presitlent of the College,
in which office he served until 1853, when ill health
obliged him to resign. Mr. Sparks received the
degree of Doctor of Laws from Dartmouth in 1841
and from Harvard in 1843. He was Vice-Presi-
dent of the Massachusetts Historical Society, fellow
of the American Academy and was member of num-
erous learned societies, and was the founder and
first Editor of the .American Almanac and Repository
of Useful Knowledge. His first publication was a
controversial argument against the Protestant Epis-
copal Church and he engaged in other polemical
disputations. Among his most important works
were : The Diplomatic Correspondence of the
American Revolution, published by the authority of
Congress ; the Writings and Life of Washington,
which began to appear in 1837 after nine years'
preparation ; the Library of American Biography,
Works and Life of Benjamin Franklin ; and Corres-
pondence of the American Revolution. He also left

voluminous manuscript journals containing reminis-
cences of eminent .Americans and records of conver-
sations with them. The collection of manuscript
materials for .American diplomatic history was given
to Harvard. His last years were devoted to a
history of the .American Revolution which he left
unfinished. Mr. Sparks' method of editing the
letters and diaries quoted in his life of Washington
was attacked by Lord Mahon and other critics, but

JARED SPARKS

he justified his omissions in a Reply, and his
thoroughness and accuracy have received general
endorsement by scholars. Mr. Sparks died in Cam-
bridge, March 14, 1866.

ROYALL, Isaac, 1719-1781.

Born in Antiqua, W. I., 1719 ; member of the General
Court of Mass.; member of the Executive Council;
Brigadier-General in the French War, 1761 ; contri-
buted freely to restore the Library at Harvard; en-
dowed the Royall Professorship of Law; Koyalston,
Mass., named in his honor; died in 1781.

ISAAC ROYALL, Benefactor of Harvard, was
born in .Antigua, West Indies, in 17 19. He
had considerable property in Medford and repre-
sented that town in the General Court for many
years. He was for more than twenty years a mem-

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

ber of the Executive Council and was appointed
Brigadier-General in the French War in 1761, being
the first incumbent of that office of local residence.
He left America April 16, 1775, and took up his

ISAAC ROYALL

residence in England as he was a steadfast loyalist.
Though he was proscribed and his estate confiscated
in 1778, he left numerous public bequests including
over two thousand acres of land in Worcester county
for the endowment of the Professorship of Law at
Harvard which is still called by his name. After
the burning of Harvard Hall in 1764 he had con-
tributed freely to restore the Library. In the Law
Library in Austin Hall there is preserved a large
oil painting of this benefiictor and his family. His
memory is also perpetuated in the name of the town
of Royalston. The old Royall homestead is still
standing in Medford.

STORY, Joseph, 1779-1845.

Born in Marblehead, Mass., 1779; graduated at Har-
vard, 1798; studied law and admitted to the Bar;
member Mass. Legislature, 1805; Congressman, 1808;
Speaker Mass. House of Representatives, 1811; Asso-
ciate Justice U. S. Supreme Court; Dane Professor
of Law at Harvard ; Overseer 1818-1825 and Fellow of
Harvard, 1825-1845; President Merchants' Bank of

Salem, Mass. ; Vice-President Harvard Alumni Asso-
ciation; died in Cambridge, Mass., 1845.

JOSEPH STORY, LL.D., Professor of Law and
subsequently Overseer of Harvard, was born
in Marblehead, Massachusetts, September 18, 1779.
His father. Dr. Elisha Story, was a member of the
Boston Tea- Party. He was graduated at Harvard
in I 798, officiating as class poet, and after studying
in the law offices of Samuel Sewall and Samuel Put-
nam, began practice in Salem in 1801. Making a
careful study of the English laws of real property,
his success in important cases of this kind soon
placed him among the leaders of the Bar. In 1805
he was elected to the Legislature from Salem. He
defended the embargo, but being elected to Con-
gress in 1808, he became instrumental in securing
its repeal on the ground that it was properly a tem-
porary measure. He was afterwards re-elected to
the Massachusetts House of Representatives and
became its Speaker in 1 8 1 1 . In November of that
year, he was made an Associate Justice of the Su-
preme Court of the United States, in which capacity
he defined the intermediate principles of admiralty.

Ji)M.,l'H Muk\

insurance, patent and prize law. He denounced
the slave trade, and took part in a public meeting
in Salem to protest against the Missouri compromise.
In 1S29 he was appointed to the Professorship

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

established by Nathan Dane in the Harvard Law
School, being designated by the founder as its first
incumbent ; and his fame and his ability as an in-
structor soon rendered it the leading institution of
its kind in the country. In 1S31 Judge Story was
offered the Chief-Justiceship of Massachusetts, which
he declined. After the death of Chief-Justice
Marshall he presided over his associates until Chief-
Justice Taney was confirmed, and during the latter's
illness in 1844 he filled his place for some months.
He was making arrangements to leave the bench
and give his whole time to the Law School, when he
died. He was elected an Overseer of Harvard in
I S 1 8, and received the degree of Doctor of Laws from
his alma mater in 182 1. The last-named honorary
recognition Brown also bestowed upon him in 181 5,
and Dartmouth in 1821. Judge Story was President
of the Merchants' Bank in Salem for many years,
and was Vice-President of the Alumni Association
of Harvard, which he was largely instrumental in
establishing. He wrote extensively upon literary
themes, had a fine taste in reading, and was an en-
tertaining and instructive companion. He published
a collection of miscellaneous writings, and left an
unpublished Digest of Law in manuscript which is in
the Harvard Law Library. But Ids text-books on
jurisprudence, in number, originality and profundity,
are the monumental achievement of a life spent in
the laborious pursuits of the bench and the instruc-
tive chair. His decisions, his reports, his notes on
Wheaton, are supplemented by commentaries on
the Law of Bailments, on the Constitution, on the
Conflict of Laws, and on Equity Jurisprudence.
Other works are : Equity Pleadings ; the Law of
Agency ; Law of Partnership ; Law of Bills of Ex-
change ; and Law of Promissory Notes. He also
edited Chitty on Bills of Exchange and Promissory
Notes ; and Abbot on Shipping and Laws on Assump-
sit. With Chancellor Kent he shares the honor
of the establishment of equity jurisprudence. Judge
Story died in Cambridge, September 10, 1845.

THAYER, Nathaniel, 1808-1883.

Born in Lancaster, Mass., 1808; became a merchant
in Boston ; assumed the entire cost of the exploration
expedition of Prof. Agassiz to South America; re-
ceived the A.M. degree from Harvard, 1866; Overseer
of Harvard, 1866; Fellow of the Corporation, 1868-
1875; Treasurer Museum of Comparative Zoology;
built Thayer Hall at Harvard, also the fireproof her-
barium at the Botanic Garden, and was a benefactor

of the College in many other ways ; died in Lancaster,
1883.

N.\TIL\NI1:L 1 11 AVER, A.^L, a Boston mer-
chant, is distinguished among the more
munificent benefactors of Harvard who chose to
bestow a generous measure of their gifts during their
own lifetime, and as a thorough friend of the student-
body during his whole lifetime. While Mr. Thayer's
generosity iiad its evidences on the subscription
papers and donation books of the College to the
extent of more tlian a quarter of a million dollars,
this gross sum was largely added to through channels

N.\THANIEL THAVF.R

of his own choosing, in distributing pecuniary aid to
students in the College and to others preparing for
entrance. Thayer Hall, erected in 1870, at a
cost exceeding J 100,000, was designed by him
as a memori.al gift commemorative of his father,
the Rev. Nathaniel Thayer, D.D., and of his
brother, John Elliot Thayer. The father had been
a graduate and officer, the brother a benefactor of
the College. Nathaniel Thayer was born in Lan-
caster, Massachusetts, September 11, 1808, and was
educated in his native town, where for nearly half a
century his father was a Pastor. For many years
Mr. Thayer, in partnership with his brother, consti-
tuted the well-known firm of John E. Thayer &
Brother, in Boston. Mr. Thayer in his early work

UNIVERSITIES JND THEIR SONS

for Han-ard, at the suggestion of Dr. Peabody, made
Commons Hall at Harvard available for those stu-
dents who have since reaped similar larger benefits
resulting from the building of Memorial Hall. He
assumed, substantially in the interests of the Uni-
versity, the entire cost of Professor Agassiz's visit of
exploration and research to South America, which
was known throughout the whole world as the
" Thayer Expedition." Mr. Thayer used afterwards
to joke about the amount of alcohol Agassiz's speci-
mens required. He built at his own expense the
fireproof herbarium at the Botanic Garden, and in
many other ways placed himself in the front ranks of
public benefactors. His generosity received from
the College fitting recognition in iS66, when the
honorary degree of Master of Arts was conferred
upon him. He was also chosen one of the Over-
seers of the College, and held the office until 1868.
From 1868 to 1875 '^^ was a Fellow of the Corpora-
tion. He was also Treasurer of the Museum of
Comparative Zoology for a time. For some years
previous to his death, Mr. Thayer was in poor
health, his illness culminating in a stroke of apo-
plexy, from which he died March 7, 1883. It is said
on good authority that he left the largest fortune
ever accumulated by an individual in Massachusetts
up to that time.

STOUGHTON, William, i63i(2)-i7oi.

Born probably in England, 1632 ; graduated at Har-
vard, 1650; studied theology; was made Fellow of
New College, Oxford, Eng. ; served successively as
the Colony's Agent, Chief-Justice, member of Sir
Edmund Andros' Council, member of the Committee
of Safety, Lieut. -Governor, Acting Governor and
Chief-Justice of the Superior Court ; built the first
Stoughton Hall at Harvard; died in Dorchester,
Mass., 1701.

WILLIAM STOUGHTON, Colonial Gov-
ernor, and Penefactor of Harvard, was
born, probably in England, May 30, 1632, and came
to America with his fiuher Israel Stoughton in 1645.
Some accounts, however, make Dorchester, Massa-
chusetts, his birthplace. Dorchester was the fam-
ily dwelling-place, and Israel Stoughton, who had
served the Colony effectually in peace and war, left
three hundred acres of his land to Harvard. Wil-
liam was graduated from Harvard in 1650, and
after graduation studied theology. He returned to
England and was made a Fellow of New College,
Oxford. Losing his Fellowship at the restoration,
he came back to .\merica in 1662, and served as

assistant to the churches for some years, visiting
England in 1676 as the Colony's agent. He was
Chief-Justice from July to December 1686, and was
of the Council of Sir Edmund Andros until April
i68g, when he became a member of the Committee
of Safety which seized the government. In 1692
he was appointed Lieutenant-Governor, and after the
death of Sir William Phipps he became acting Gov-
ernor. On December 22, 1692, he was made
Chief-Justice of the Superior Court, and in that
capacity heard the witchcraft trials. Unlike some
of his colleagues, he never acknowledged the witch-

WILLIAM STOUGHTON

craft delusion to have been an error. He gave
generously to the poor of Dorchester and to
the churches of Dorchester and Milton, and built
the first Stoughton Hall at Harvard. Dying at Dor-
chester, July 7, I 701, he bequeathed other valuable
property to the College.

WADSWORTH, Benjamin, 1669-1737.

Born in Milton, Mass., in i66g ; graduated at Har-
vard, 1690: Pastor: Fellow of Harvard, 1697-1707, and
1712-25, and President 1725-37; died in Cambridge,
Mass., 1737.

BENJAMIN WADSWORTH, A.M., ninth Pres-
ident of Harvard, was born in Milton, Mas-
sachusetts, in 1669, and was a son of the famous

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

Indian fighter, Captnin Samuel Wadsworth. Me
graduated at Harvard in i6go, and after taking a
course in divinity became assistant preaclier in the
P'irst Church in Boston, and in 1696 was maile its
colleague Pastor. Mr. Wadsworth was a Fellow of
Har\'ard 1697-1707 and 1712-1725, and in July of
the latter year lie assumed the Presidency of Har-
vard, which position he held until his death in
March 1737. He published many essays and
sermons. Of him John Elliott says, " The gen-
eral opinion, however, was that he was better fitted
for a Pastor of a church than to be master of the

BENJAMIN WADSWORTH

school of the prophets. He had confined his
studies to theology, and was not a man of exten-
sive erudition or of much acquaintance with the
sciences." The growth of the College was, how-
ever, steady and marked during President Wads-
worth's administration.

WATERHOUSE, Benjamin, 1754-1846.

Born in Newport, R. I., 1754: studied medicine at
London, Edinburgh, and at Leyden, where he gradu-
ated, 1780; Hersey Professor of Theory and Practice
of Physic; Professor of Natural History at Brown;
Fellow of the American Academy ; member of Ameri-
can Philosophical Society and the Manchester (Eng.)

Literary and Philosophical Society ; died in Cam-
bridge, Mass., 1846.

BICNJAMIN \\-.\ri:RHOUSI':, M.l)., rounder
of the Botanic Garden at Harvard, was born
in Newport, Rhode Island, March 4, 1754. He
studied medicine in London, Edinburgh and at
Leyden, where he was graduated in 17S0. In 1783,
he was active in promoting the establishment of the
Medical School at Harvard, in which he held the
Chair of Theory and Practice of Physic, known as
the Hersey Professorship, until 181 2. Always a
close student of natural history, he was Professor of
this science at Brown for seven years, and delivered
there what is said to be the first course of lectures
on that subject given in this country. Through his
gifts and his work Harvard became the possessor of
many valuable collections of minerals, and in addi-
tion to this he established a Botanic Garden. Dr.
Waterhouse was a prominent advocate of vaccination
at tiie time when it was frowned upon by members
of the Medical Faculty. In 18 12 he accepted the
position of Medical Supervisor of Military Posts in
New England, which office he held for fourteen
years. Dr. A\'aterhouse was a fellow of the Ameri-
can Academy, also a member of the .American
Philosophical Society and the Manchester (England)
Literary and Philosophical Society. He died in
Cambridge, October 2, 1846. He published many
books, mostly on subjects connected with his pro-
fession, but including several political essays and
some fiction.

WALKER, James, 1794-1874.

Born in Burlington, Mass., 1794; graduated at Har-
vard, 1814; Pastor at Charlestown, Mass.; Overseer
and Fellow at Harvard ; Prof. Natural Religion, Moral
Philosophy and Civil Policy there, 1838-53 ; President
of Harvard, 1853-60; died in Cambridge, Mass., 1874.

JAMES WALKER, S.T.D., LL.D., eighteenth
President of Harvard, was born in ]3urlington,
Massachusetts, .\ugust 16, 1794. He was graduated
at Harvard in 18 14 and at Harvard Divinity School
in iSi 7, and served as Pastor of the LTnitarian Church
at Charlestown for twenty-one years. He was an
urgent advocate of the cause of School and College
education, was a well-known and successful lecturer,
and a man of great scholarly attainments. With
Harvard he was prominently identified as Overseer,
1S25-36, Fellow 1S34-53, and again as Overseer
1864-1S70. In 1838, he accepted the Chair of
Alford Professor of Natural Religion, Moral Philoso-
phy and Civil Polity at Harvard, and in 1853 he

3°

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

took the Presidency of that institution, having pre-
viously served as acting President for a period in
1 845-1 846. Dr. Walker retained the Presidency
until i860. He was given the degree of Doctor of
Divinity by Harvard in 1835, and that of Doctor of
Laws by Yale in 1853, and by Harvard in i860.
He published many of his lectures, notably a course
of Lowell Listitute lectures on the Philosophy of
Religion, as well as several volumes of essays and
sermons. He also edited as College text-books
several of the best-known works on philosophy
and psvcliology. Dr. Walker died in Cambridge,

JAMES WALKER

December 23, 1874, bequeathing to his a///ta wafer
$15,000, in addition to his private library, which
was of considerable \'alue.

WEBBER, Samuel, 1759-1810.

Born in Byfield, Mass., in 1759; graduated at Har-
vard, 1784; Tutor, 1787; Professor of Mathematics and
Natural Philosophy, 1789; President of Harvard, 1806;
Commissioner to settle boundary line between U. S.
and British Provinces; Vice-President of the Ameri-
can Academy of Arts and Sciences; member of
American Philosophical Society; died in Cambridge,
Mass., 1810.

S.XMUEL WEBBER, S.T.D., thirteenth Presi-
dent of Harvard, was born in Byfield, Massa-
chusetts, in 1759, and graduated from Harvard

in I 784 and entered the ministry. He was made a
Tutor in 1787, and was given the Chair of Mathe-
matics and Natural Philosophy in 1789, which he
held until lie was raised to the Presidency, March
3, 1S06. Dr. Webber had no peculiar advantages
of birth or early education, and his youth was
employed largely in the labors of agriculture. His
administration of tlie affairs of the University, how-
ever, was characterized by popularity and success.
He was one of tlie commissioners appointed to
settle the boundary line between the United States
and the British Provinces. He was Vice-President
of the .American Academy of Arts and Sciences,
and was the author of a System of RLathematics
which was intended for use in Harvard, also of a
Eulogy on President W'illard. His a/z/zi! mater
conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Divin-
ity in 1S06. He died in Cambridge, July 17, 1810.

WILLARD, Joseph, 1738-1804.

Born in Biddeford, Me , 1738; in early life a coast-
wise sailor; graduated at Harvard, 1765; Tutor, 1765-
72; Fellow, 1768-72; Pastor at Beverly, Mass, 1772;
President of Harvard, 1781-1804 ; died in Bedford,
Mass., 1804.

JOSEPH WILLARD, S.T.D., LL.D., twelfth
President of Harvard, was the grandson of Vice-
President Samuel Willard, and was born in Bidde-
ford, Maine, January 9, 1738. Being left fatherless
in his early youth he became for a time a coastwise
sailor. Through the generosity of friends he entered
Harvard, where he was graduated in 1765, and re-
mained as a Tutor until 1772, serving also as a Fel-
low 1768-1772. On November 25, 1772, he wasor-
dained in Beverly, Massachusetts, and became the
colleague of the Rev. Joseph Champney of the First
Congregational Church. In 1781 he was elected to
the Presidency of Harvard, being installed December
19 of that year. This office he held for the
remainder of his life. He found the College in a
lax state of discipline, but he sustained the authority
of his position manfully. Harvard honored him by
the bestowal of the 1 )octor of Divinity degree in i 785,
and Vale by conferring the Doctor of Laws in 1791.
He also held the B;tchelor of Arts degree (honor-
ary) from Yale, bestowed in 1765. He served
as Vice-President of the .American .Academy of
Arts and Sciences, was a member of the .Ameri-
can Philosophical Society, and held memberships
in various other .American and foreign organizations.
President Willard's health began to fail some years

UNIVERSITIES ANB THEIR SONS

before his death, which occurred in Bedford, Mas- April 10, 1678 (March 31, old style). He was a

sachusetts, September 25, 1804, at the age of sixty- Fellow of Harvard from 1692 to 1699, and on

four years. He was a sound Greek scholar and left January 10, 1700, he was elected to the Vice-1'rcsi-

a Greek nianusciipt. His publications were a few denry of ilie College. Increase Mather being forced

sermons, a Latin address on the death of W'asliing-
ton, and matliematical and astronomical ])a[iers in
Memoirs of the .American Academy and Transac-
tions of the Philosophical Society.

WILLARD, Samuel, 1640-1707.

Born, 1640; graduated at Harvard, 1659; Pastor at
Groton, 1663; Fellow of Harvard, 1692-99 ; Vice-Presi-
dent 1700-1707, and Acting President 1701-1707; died
in Boston, Mass., 1707.

SAMUEL WTLLARD, A.J^L, was the first to
administer the government of Harvard under
the title of Vice-President. The father of this
clergyman was Simon Willard of Concord, a man of "early coeval with the College was abandoned. Of

his sermons he published several collections in
bound form, and at the time of his death left manu-
scripts of a theological nature which, published in
!, Boston in 1726, are said to constitute the first mis-

cellaneous folio volume printed in this country.

to llee to I'jigland to avoid persecution at the hands
of Randolph, the administration of affairs develoj)ed
upon Willard in 1701. He never was inaugurated
as I^residenl, but retained his title of Vice-President,
which was probably due to his retaining his con-
nection witli the Old South Church. He officiated
as President, however, six years, dying at IJoston,
September 12, 1707, in the sixty-eighth year of his
age. His publications were numerous. Perhaps
no divine but Cotton Mather prepared more works
for the press. He was one of the few clergymen
who opposed the tiile of witchcraft delusion in
1692. It was in the early part of his acting Presi-
dency that the printing establishment which was

SAMUEL WILLARD

Standing in both civil and military life. .Samuel
Willard was born January 31, 1640, was graduated
at Harvard in the Class of 1659, and afterwards was
settled in the ministry at Groton, Massachusetts.
The atrocities of King Philip's War drove Mr.
Willard back to Boston about 1676. Here he was
settled as the colleague of the Rev. Thomas
Thacher, the first minister of the Old South Church,

WINTHROP, John, 1588-1649.

Born in Edwardston, Suffolk, Eng., 1588; Justice of
the Peace; practised law; Attorney in the Court of
Wards and Liveries, 1626; Governor of Mass., 1630-
34, 1637-40, 1642-44, and 1646-49 ; aided in founding
Harvard; died in Boston, Mass., 1649.

JOHN WINTHROP, first Governor of Mass:ichu-
setts, and one of the Founders of Harvard,
was one of the most notable figures in the early
history of New England. Born in Edwardston,
Suffolk, England, January 22, 15S8, he gave promise
very early in life of those qualities necessary for
command and administration which made them-
selves so manifest in his later life. Married when
only a boy of seventeen, he was made a Justice
of the Peace at eighteen, and it was noted at that
time that he was " exemplary for his grave and
Christian deportment." The death of his wife
led him to depend upon the consolations of the
Christian religion, and there is good reason for
thinking that he intended at this time to take Holy
Orders. This idea was abandoned, and he gave
himself up to the practice of law and his duties as
a magistrate. He was a])pointed one of the attorneys
in the Court of Wards and Liveries in 1626. It
seems that his coming to America was a rather

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

sudden step, since the earliest allusion to his puriiosc
is found in a letter written in May 1629. In
October of the same year he was elected Governor
of Massachusetts by the company in London. On
June 22, 1630, with a fleet of eleven ships, he
arrived at Salem, whence the expedition moved to
Boston and Charlestown in a few days. Entirely out
of touch as Winthrop was with the political and
religious conditions of England at that time, it is
easy to see why the tidings from the free new world
across the ocean should lead a man of his belief
and character to cast in his lot with the pioneers.

JOHN WINTHROP

He was in strong sympathy with the Puritan spirit,
despite the fact that he was a member of the Church
of England, and this Puritan spirit was provoking
enormous opposition from the English clergy headed
by Laud, the Bishop of London. Twelve times
Governor of the Colony, Winthrop devoted all of
his time to the upbuilding of the Suffolk setdement.
During the nineteen years of his life which he passed
in Massachusetts he saw the city which he had
founded grow to be a happy, prosperous town, which
already gave promise of the great power it would
exert at a later day. He aided in the founding of
the first College in the country, which has now
become Harvard University, in the establishment
of free schools, and of many churches. Believing

the Puritan religion to be the best adapted for the
time and place in which he lived, he forsook the
Church of England, and became a Congregationalist.
Palfrey speaks of him thus : " Certain it is that
among the millions of living men descended from
those whom he ruled, there is not one who does not,
through efficient influences, transmitted in society
and in thought along the intervening generations,
owe much of what is best within him and in the
circuinstances about him to the benevolent and
courageous wisdom of John Winthrop." 'I'he jour-
nals which he kept during his Governorship were
published long years afterward and furnish the main
record of the Boston settlement. He died in the
city which he had done more than any other one
man to create, on the 26th of March 1649. I"
College Book No. I, the oldest of the Harvard
Records, there is a list of books given by Governor
^\'inthrop. All v^ere probably burned in the fire of
1764, which destroyed the second Harvard Hall.

WINTHROP, John, 1714-1779.

Born in Boston, Mass., 1714; graduated at Harvard,
1732; Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philoso-
phy at Harvard, 1738-79; Fellow of Harvard, 1765-79;
Judge of Probate for Middlesex county; member of
the Governor's Council; member of the Royal Society
of London ; received the LL.D. degree from the Uni-
versity of Edinburgh, 1771 ; died in Cambridge, Mass.,
1779.

JOHN WINTHROP, LL.D., for more than
forty years Hollis Professor of Mathematics
and Natural Philosophy at Harvard, was in the last
century perhaps the foremost teacher of science in
tliis country. He was the son of Chief-Justice Adam
Winthrop, and was born in Boston, December 19,
I 714. Graduating at Harvard in 1732, he assumed
in 1738 the position in which he became eminent
and which he held until his death. He also offi-
ciated as a Fellow of Harv;ird from 1765 to 1779,
and in 1773-74 administered a portion of the
duties of Acting President. To his influence is ac-
credited in great part the attention which Benjamin
Franklin and Benjamin Thompson (Count Rumford)
gave to physical science. It is also claimed for
him that he laid the foundations of the science of
seismology, as a result of his observations and com-
putations of the phenomena attending the great
earthquake in New England in November 1755.
In 1 740 he observed the first of the transits of
Mercury that occurred in that century, and in 1761
he took observations on the second transit, making

UNirERSiriES AND rilF.lK SONS

a journey to Newfoundland for the purpose. 'I'liis
trip was made under the auspices ami at the ex-
pense of the Colonial Government, and it is believed
was the earliest ]3urely scientific expedition sent out
by any American state. Professor W'inthrop niaile
also many observations in the matter of comets, and
contributed the results of other important researches
which stimulated and advanced the development of
astronomy. He participated considerably in the
public life of the Colony, was for several years
Judge of Probate for Middlesex county, and in
1773-74 was member of the Covernor's Council.

His son, James \\inthnip, a Harvard graduate in
1769, was Librarian of Harvard 1772-S7, Judge of
the Court of C'omnion Pleas for several years, and
Register of I'robale for a long i)erit)d.

JOHN WINTHROP

He was a member of the .American Philosophical
Society, a fellow of the Royal Society of L(jndon,
and was the recipient of the honorary degree of
Doctor of Laws from the University of Edinburgh
in 1771. Professor N. S. Shaler has said of him:
" Although Professor \Vinthrop has left no work of
any importance to modern physicists, his influence
in determining a scientific spirit in New England
was great. He laid the foundations of scientific
inquiry in Harvard. Though not the earliest of the
Massachusetts men of science — for he was pre-
ceded by Thomas Brattle, Zabdiel Boylston and
others — he deserves the first place among the
pioneers of natur.al science in New England." Pro-
fessor Winthrop died in Cambridge, May 3, 1779.

VOL. II. — 3

WILLIAMS, Henry Willard, 1821-1895.

Born in Boston, Mass., 1821; engaged in business;
graduated at Harvard Medical School, 1849 ; Ophthal-
mic Surgeon to the Boston City Hospital ; Lecturer
Harvard Medical School, 1866-71 ; Professor of Oph-
thalmology at Harvard, 1871-91 ; President American
Ophthalmological Society; Vice-President at the
International Congress of that body in London, 1872 ;
died at Boston, Mass., 1895.

HENRY WILLARD WILLLVMS, A.M., .M.j).,
for many years connected with the Harvard
Medical School as Professor in O])hthalmology, was
wiilely known for his special investigations in his
chosen profession, as well as a generous adviser on
the every-day application of its principles. Born
in Boston, December 11, 1821, he was educated in
Boston and Salem, and imtil his twenty-fourth year
was engaged in mercantile pursuits. He was grad-
uated in medicine at Harvard in 1S49, and gained
immediate prominence as an oculist. He early re-
ceived the appointment as ()])hthalmic Surgeon to
the Boston City Hospital, and became a Lecturer
in the Harvard Medical School in 1S66. In 1871
he was appointed to the Professorship of Ophthal-
mology, which he held for twenty years. Dr.
Williams was connected with many medical societies
both in this country and abroad. He was for some
years President of the .American Ophthalmological
.Society, and at the International Congress in London
in 1872, was a Vice-Presiilent of that body. He
was also a fellow of the .American Academy. Har-
vard conferred upon him the honorary degree of
Master of .Arts in 1868. A number of books from
his pen explained the use of the eyes and the dis-
eases resulting from their abuse. .Among them were :
\ Practical Guide to the Study of Diseases of the
Eye ; Recent Advances in Ophthalmic Science ;
Optical Defects in School-children ; Our Eyes and
How to Take Care of them, a Boylston Prize essay;
and the Diagnosis and Treatment of Diseases of the
Eye. Dr. Williams died in lioston, Jinie 13, 1S95.
Several years before his death he gave to Harvard
securities to the value of $25,000, to found the
Henry Willard Williams Professorship of Ophthal-
mology in the Medical School. .An oil painting of
Professor Williams, given by his family in 1898,
hangs in the Faculty Room of the Medical SchooL

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

ANDREW, Samuel, 1656-1737.

Born in Cambridge, Mass., 1656; graduated at Har-
vard, 1675; Fellow of Harvard, 1679-1684; Acting
President of Harvard ; one of the ten clergymen to
whom the charter of Yale was granted; Trustee of
Yale, 1701 ; Rector of Yale, 1707; Pastor of the First
Church of Milford, Conn.; died in Milford, 1737.

S.\MUEL ANDREW, second Rector of Yale, was
born in Cambriiige, Massachusetts, in 1656.
He graduated from Harvard in 1675 and remained
at the College for a number of years, gaining a
great reputation both as a scholar and as an instruc-
tor.. For five years (1679-84) he was a Fellow
of the Harvard Corporation, and during two vacan-
cies in the Presidency he was obliged to fill most
of the duties of that position. The experience so
gained was most valuable to hini in shaping the
beginnings of Yale and in his later work as Rector
of the younger College. In 1685 he removed to
Milford, Connecticut, where he was ordained Min-
ister over the church. Shortly afterward he married
the daugliter of Governor Treat, one of iiis parish-
ioners. His name appears as one of the ten clergy-
men to whom the original Charter was granted by
the General .Assembly. Upon the incorporation of
the College, in 1701, he was appointed one of the
original Trustees. Xi the death of Rector Pierson
in March 1707, jNIr. .Andrew was chosen Rector /;v7
tciii., although he still remained over his church at
Milforil, while the instruction nnd discipline of the
classes was entrusted to two young Tutors at Say-
brook. Indeed the Rector's active work seems to
have been confined to presiding at meetings of the
Trustees and at tiie annual Commencement. Sucli
an arrangement was obviously unsatisfactory and
seems to have been continued only because of the
difficulty in securing a resident Rector. When there-
fore the College was moved to New Haven in 171 7,
he willingly resigned the Rectorship to his son-in-
law, Timothy Cutler. He retained his place on the
Board of Trustees and occasionally presided publicly
as Rector pro tern, until his death on January 24,
1737. He was a member of the Yale Corporation
for thirty years, and Pastor of the First Church of
Milford for fifty-two years — a man of exemplary
holiness and unwearied labors ; modest, courteous
and beneficent.

fessor and Lecturer at Yale; Associate Editor of the
Christian Spectator; one of the founders of the New
Englander and the Independent; and was the author
of several works, principally religious ; died, 1881.

LEONARD B.ACON, D.D., LL.D., Professor
and Lecturer at Yale, was born in Detroit,
Michigan, February 19, 1802. His father was
David Bacon, an early missionary among the Indi-
ans of Michigan and Ohio. Graduating from Y'ale
in 1820 he studied Theology at the Andover (Massa-
chusetts) Seminary, and in March 1825, became
Pastor of a Congregational church in New Haven,
Connecticut, where he labored continuously for fifty-

BACON, Leonard, 1802-1881.

Born in Detroit, Mich., 1802; educated at Yale and
at the Andover (Mass.) Theological Seminary; Pastor
of a church in New Haven for fifty-seven years; Pro-

LEOXARI) BACON

seven years. He was one of the most noted Con-
gregationalist preachers and writers of his day, and
took an active part in all important religious, politi-
cal and philanthropic movements. In 1826 he be-
came one of the editors of the Christian Spectator,
assisted in establishing the New Englander, in 1843,
and in 1847 was associated with Doctors Storrs and
Thompson in founding the Independent. From
1866 to 187 1 he was Acting Professor of S\'stematic
Theology at Yale, was Lecturer on Church Polity
and American Church History for the succeeding
ten years, and Fellow of that College from 1839 to
1846, and again from 1864 to 1881. From Hamil-
ton he received the honorary degree of Doctor of
Divinity in 1842, and that of Doctor of Laws was

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

given him by Harvard in 1S70. Or. iSacim died in
New Haven, Connecticut, December 24, 18S1. Be-
side the Select Works of Ricliard Baxter with a
Biography ; lie pubUshed a Manual for Young Church
Members; Thirteen Historical Discourses on tlie
Two Hundredth Anniversary of the Beginning of
the First Church in New Haven ; Sketch of Rev.
David Bacon ; and numerous pamphlets, sermons,
reviews, etc.

BADGER, Milton, 1800-1873.

Born in Coventry, Conn., 1800 ; graduated at Yale,
1823; studied theology at the Andover (Mass.) and
Yale Seminaries; Tutor at Yale, 1C26-27; ordained to
the ministry, 1828 ; and Senior Secretary of the Ameri-
can Home Missionary Society for thirty-four years;
died in Madison, Conn., 1873.

MILTON B.\DGER, D.D., Tutor at Vale,
was born in Coventry, Connecticut, May
6, iSoo. He was graduated at Yale with honor
in the Class of 1S23 and received his Master's
degree in course. His theological studies were begun
at the Seminary in Andover, Massachusetts, but after
an offer of a Tutorship at Yale in 1826 induced
him to return, he filled that position with ability
while completing his divinity course. From 1828
to 1835 he occupied the pulpit of the South Congre-
gational Church, Andover, which he relinquished to
become Assistant Secretary of the American Home
Missionary Society, and succeeding Dr. Peters as
Senior Secretary he fulfilled the arduous duties of
that respoikjible position with wisdom and faithful-
ness for a period of thirty-four years. Dr. Badger
died in Madison, Connecticut, March i, 1S73.
The degree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred
upon him by Middlebury in 1844.

BALDWIN, Abraham, 1754-1807.

Born in Guilford, Conn., 1754; graduated at Yale,
1772, and Tutor four years ; Chaplain in the Revolution-
ary War; practised law in Savannah, Ga. ; member of
the Ga. Legislature, the Constitutional Convention of
1787, the Continental Congress, the National House
Representatives, and the Senate ; and President /;■£»
/ciii. of the latter; died in ^A/ashington, D. C, 1807.

AI^.RAHA:^! BALD\VIN, M.A., Tutor at Yale,
was born in Guilford, Connecticut, Nov-
ember 6, 1754. He was a graduate of Yale, Class
of 1772, and receiving the appointment of Tutor
in 1775, served in that capacity until 1779. From
1777 till the close of the Revolution he offici-

ated as Chaplain in the .Army, and in 1784 at the
advice of General Greene, he settled in Savannah,
Georgia. He was admitted to the Bar the same
yc-.iT and also elected Representative to the Legisla-
ture where he labored diligently to secure tlie
charter ;md an endowment for the University cf
Georgia, which was established according to his
own ])lans and ideas, and he was its President for
a number of years. 1 le took an active part in the
Constitulion;il Convention, May 25 to September
17, 1787; was a delegate to the Continental Con-
gress from 1785 to 1788; member of the National

ABRAHAM B.AI.DWIN

House of Representatives from 1789 to 1799, in
which year he was chosen United States Senator.
Mr. Baldwin was President f/v km. of the Sen-
ate in I So I and again in 1S02, and continued a
member of that body until his death, which occurred
at the National Capitol, March 4, 1807. He edu-
cated his si.K half-brothers and sisters and among
the former was Henry Baldwin, LL.D., Yale 1797,
member of Congress from Pennsylvania and Associ-
ate Justice of the United States Supreme Court.

BERKELEY, George, 1684-1753.

Born in Kilerin, Ireland, 1684; Fellow of Trinity
College, Dublin, 1707; Dean of Derry, 1724; presented
Yale a valuable collection of books, also his farm at

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

Newport, R. I. ; established at Yale a graduate scholar-
ship, the first scholarship established in America ;
appointed Bishop of Cloyne ; removed to the Univer-
sity at Oxford, where he died in 1753.

Gi;(,)RGl': BERKELEY, Founder of the Berke-
liaii Scholarships at Yale, was born in Kil-
erin, near Thomastowii, Kilkenny, Ireland, March
12, 16S4. lie became a Fellow of Trinity College,
Dublin, in 1707, and entering the service of the
Established Church, was made Dean of Derry in
1724. In the following year he issued " a Proposal
for the better supplying of churches in our foreign
plantations, and the converting of savage Americans
to Christianity by a College to be erected in the
Summer Islands, otherwise called the isles of Ber-
mudas." The Dean's project was well received by
churchmen and philanthropists and gave inspiration
for the well-known lines :

" Westward the course of empire takes its way ;
Tlie first four acts already past,
A iiftli shall close the drama with the day ;
Time's noblest offspring is the last;'

In 1728, Dean Berkeley succeeded in securing from
the British government the promise to appropriate a
large sum for the foundation of the College, and de-
parting in September of that year for his new field
of labor, fully believing that he would soon com-
mence its establishment, he went to Newport, Rhode
Island, in January 1729, for the purpose of arrang-
ing for a regular supply of provision for his institu-
tion. ^Vhile sojourning in Newport he purchased a
farm which he named Whitehall, built a house, and
turned his attention to study, preaching and literary
employment, while waiting for the expected' appro-
priation, and completing one of his celebrated treat-
ises, Alciphron, or the Minute Philosopher. He
saw but little of this country during his stay of
nearly three years, but from several noted scholars
who visited him in his retreat he learned much con-
cerning the education and religious affairs of the
Colonies. Among these were the Rev. Jared Eliot
and Samuel Johnson, the former a Congregational
preacher and the latter a clergyman of the Church
of England, formerly a Tutor at Yale and later its
President. Through the efforts of Dr. Johnson,
Dean Berkeley was induced to interest himself in
the welfare of Yale, and after his return to England,
which he was forced to do when it became clear to
him that the government had no intention of keep-
ing its promise, he collected and sent over a large
assortment of vahiable books, mostly classical works,
which at the present tune form a treasured part of

the ^'ale Library. The Dean also deeded his farm
to the College, the income from which was to be
devoted to the maintenance of three students during
the intervening time between their first and second
degrees, to be known as " scholars of the house."
It was stipulated that they should be selected after
an examination in Latin and Greek, and the entire
paper describing the conditions is a most interesting
instrument as it is the first provision made for the
establishment of graduate scholarships and competi-
tive examination for special prizes at any American
College. Should there be at any time a vacancy in
these scholarships, the surplus income thus arising
was to be expended in Latin and Greek books for
the benefit of undergraduates. Since 1733, the
Berkelian scholarships have been awarded regularly,
many of Yale's noted graduates having received
these honors. In 1762 the Whitehall farm was
rented by the College for nine hundred and ninety-
nine years. About the year 1734 Dean Berkeley
was appointed Bishop of Cloyne, where he remained
many years, and when the See of Clogher was offered
him he declined. On account of failing health he
removed to the LTniversity at Oxford, where he died
on January 14 of the following year, and his remains
were interred in Christ Church. His writings are
still considered both interesting and instructive.
His interest in American educational institutions
continued unabated after his departure and Y'ale
was not the only College to profit by his generosity,
for he also added to the library of Harvard. His
memory is fittingly preserved in New Haven, where
a memorial window was sometime since placed in
Battell Chapel, in which his scholarship prizes are
bestowed. The Divinity School at Middletown,
Connecticut, was named in his honor by Bishop
Williams, the site of the California State University
bears the name of Berkeley, and at Newport, Rhode
Island, in memory of his having while residing there
presented Trinity Church with an organ, the Berke-
ley Memorial Chapel was erected in 1S86.

BATTELL, Robbins, 1819-1895.

Born in Norfolk, Conn., 1819 ; graduated at Yale,
1839; Colonel of the State Militia; member of Conn.
Legislature ; Judge of Probate ; delegate to Peace
Convention at Washington, 1861 ; State Comptroller,
l865; President Conn. Hist. Soc. ; Corporate Member
American Board ; Trustee Conn. Hospital for the
Insane; founder Robbins School at Norfolk, Conn.;
presented Battell Chapel to Yale ; founded the Depart-
ment of Music at Yale ; a benefactor of Yale, Williams

UNIJ'ERSITIKS JND THEIR SONS

College, Northfield Seminary, Beloit College, and
many others; died in Newark, N. J., 1851.

ROl'.BINS BATTi:i.I., M.A., Benefoctor of Vale,
was born in Norfolk, Connecticut, April 9,
1 8 1 9. Four of his ancestors, among them Ciovernor
liradford, were Mayflower Pilgrims, and Mr. Battel!
also traced his descent from Dr. I,e Baron, tlie Hu-
guenot physician of Plymouth. His father, Josepli
Battell, was a country merchant who, by large pur-
chases of Western land added to an handsome
fortune gained in traele. His mother was Sarah
Robbins, daughter of the first Pastor of the Congre-

ROBIilNS BATTELL

gational Church at Norfolk. Mr. Battell entered
Yale in 1S36, and was noted throughout his College
course, as in after life also, for his love of music.
He graduated in 1S39, and on his father's death in
1842, assumed the charge of his large estate. He
soon won a wide reputation as a careful and up-
right business man, and although he had no taste or
desire for public life, this very success brought to
him public appointments which his high conceptions
of the duties of a citizen would not allow him to
decline. He was appointed a Colonel of the State
Militia, sat for a number of years in the State Legis-
lature and was for a score of years Judge of Probate.
In 1861 he was a delegate to the Peace Convention
at Washington, but when he saw that war was inev-
itable he became a staunch supporter of the admin-

istration, and gave both time and money to the
advice and aid of Covernor Buckingham, the War
Governor of Connecticut. In 1S66 Mr. Battell was
elected State Comptroller. He was also President
of the Connecticut Historical .Society, for eighteen
years a corporate member of the American ]{oard,
and for many years Trustee of the Connecticut
Hospital for the Insane. Usefulness was tiie key-
note of his life, and any position in which he could
help his fellow men was gladly welcomed by him.
Mr. Battell's generosity to his town, his College,
and his State was only in jjart measured by his gifts
wliich were constant and unostentatious. To his
town of Norfolk he was a loyal friend. He made it
an attractive summer place, with other members i.f
his family he presented to it a memorial chapel and
founded the Robbins School, a fine preparatory
school. He also aided scores of young men and
women in making their way through College ; to the
church of Norfolk he presented a chime of bells ; he
also opened his library and art galleries freely to
the town people and gave many concerts by noted
artists for their enjoyment. To Yale Mr. Battell
and the other members of his f:imily liave been
generous benefactors. It is estimated that their
gifts have amounted to ,^300,000, most of wliich
was given for Battell Chapel and its recent enlarge-
ment. Mr. Battell also presented a chime of bells
for the Chapel, and by large gifts founded the De-
partment of Music in the University. Mr. Battell
was a talented musician and composer. His es-
pecial delight was in church chimes and bells and
of these he made numerous gifts, including chimes
to Yale, Williams College, Northfield Seminary,
Beloit College and many others. Mr. Battell was
a man of unquestioned integrity, quiet temper and
gentle manner and in the town of Norfolk and later
in life in New York City he occupied a unique place
in the confidence and respect of all his acquaint-
ances. He married August 15, 1849, Miss I'.llen R.
Mills, of Newark, New Jersey, who died March ly,
1 85 1. Mr. Battell died in Norfolk, Connecticut,
January 26, 1895. One daughter Mrs. Frederic P.
Terry survived him.

BUCKINGHAM. William Alfred, 1804-1875.

Born in Lebanon, Conn., 1804; educated at the com-
mon schools ; Mayor of Norwich; Governor of Conn.,
i8;8-i866; benefactor of Yale Theological School;
President of American Temperance Union ; Moderator
of the first National Congregational Council; corpor-

UNIFERSiriES AND THEIR SONS

ate member of American Board of Commissioners for
Foreign Missions; U. S. Senator, i8£8-i875; died, 1875.

W1LLIA.N[ ALFRED HUCKIXCIHAM, Ben-
etactor of Yale, and Connecticut's famous
war Governor, was born in Lebanon, Connecticut,
May 28, 1S04, and received his eilucation at the com-
mon schools, spending his boyhood on his father's
farm. At the age of twenty-one he removed to Nor-
wich, Connecticut, where he became a successful mer-
chant and manufacturer, and was several times ALayor
of the city. In 1S58, he was elected Governor of the
State, and served by successive re-elections until

his death, February 3, 1S75, just before the expira-
tion of his Senatorial term.

WILLIAM A. BUCKIXGHAM

1866, when he declined a rcnomination. His ad-
ministration covered the period of the Civil War,
during which he was exceedingly prompt and ener-
getic in measures to sustain the National Govern-
ment, and he was voted as one of the Governors on
whom President Lincoln especially leaned. Gov-
ernor Buckingham was a liberal contributor for be-
nevolent, religious and educational purposes, among
his gifts being §25,000 to the Theological School of
Yale. He was President of the American Temper-
ance ITnion, Moderator of the first National Congre-
gational Council, and one of the corporate members
of the American Board of Commissioners for For-
eign Missions. After retiring from the Governorship
he spent two years in private life, but in 1S68 was
elected to the United States Senate, and served until

BUCKINGHAM, Thomas, 1646-1709.

Born in Milford, Conn., 1646; Trustee of Yale, 1701-
1709 ; at the age of eighteen began preaching at West-
field, Conn.; moderator of the famous Synod at Say-
brook, 1708; the first Commencement of Yale was held
at his house ; died, 1709.

THOM.AS BUCKINGHAM, third in the list
of the original Trustees of Yale, w-as born
in 1646, the youngest child of Thomas and Hannah
Buckingham, of Milford, Connecticut. It is not
certainly known where he was educated, but he
probably studied at the " Hopkins College " in New
Haven and later with Rev. John Whiting of Hart-
ford. He was the only one of the original Trustees
of Yale not a graduate of Harvard. At the age of
eighteen he preached in Westfield, Connecticut,
and in 1665 began preaching in Saybrook, where he
remained for forty-three years, although he was not
ordained or installed until 1670, on account of his
youth. He was a fltithful Pastor, and on account
of the high esteem in which he was held as a busi-
ness adviser he was often appointed on committees
in matters of difficulty and importance. He was
one of the Moderators of the famous Synod which
convened at .Saybrook in 1708, and formed the
platform for the government of the churches. He
was prominent among the Trustees, and because of
business ability and the nearness of his home to the
new College he exercised a great and wise influence
upon its early beginnings. The first Commence-
ment was held at his house, September 16, 1702,
and the degree of Master of Arts was then given to
his son. Mr. Buckingham was twice married, first
to Hester Hosmer of Hartford (1666), by whom he
had nine children, and after her death to Mary
Hooker of Farrington, August 10, 1703. He died
April I, I 709.

CHAUNCY, Israel, 1644-1703.

Born in Scituate, Mass., 1644: graduated at Harvard,
1661 ; studied medicine and theology with his father ;
teacher in " Hopkins College," now Hopkins Grammar
School; Pastor in Stratford, Conn.; Chaplain and Sur-
geon of Conn, troops, 1676; one of the founders of
Yale ; presiding officer at first meeting; chosen Rector
in 1701, but declined ; Trustee of Yale ; died, 1703.

ISRAEL CHAl'NCY, M. A., one of the found-
ers and original Trustees of Yale, was the
youngest son of the Rev. Charles Chauncy, the

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

second President of Harvard College. He was born
in Scituate, Massachusetts, in 1644, and was edu-
cated at Harvard, where he graduated in 1661 with
his brotliers, Nathaniel and Elnathan. After study-
ing medicine and theology with his father, he was
sent by him, on the request of the town of New
Haven to furnish them with an " able man, to teach
in the newly founded ' Hopkins College,' " now the
Hopkins Clrammar School. He was soon chosen as
Pastor of the church in Stratford, Connecticut, and
was ordained in 1665. Here he spent the rest of
his life as a learned, able and devoted Pastor and a
skilful physician. In 1676, he was appointed Chap-
lain and Surgeon of the Connecticut troops. Mr.
Chauncy was one of the fomiders of Yale. His
name is second on the list, and on account of his
age and dignity he was probably the presitling officer
at the historic first meeting, when he gave ten vol-
umes for the new school. On November 11, 1701,
he was chosen Rector, and requested to " conde-
scend to remove himself and family to the College ; "
this honor he declined on account of " age and
other circumstances alleged." He married Mary
Nichols, January, 1667, and after her death he mar-
ried Sarah Hudson, of New Haven, November 11,
1684. He died March 14, 1703, creating the first
vacancy in the Board of Trustees, which was filled
by the election of the Rev. Moses Noyes, of Lyme.

CHAUNCEY, Nathaniel, 1681-1756.

Born in Hatfield, Mass., 1G81 ; the first to receive a
degree from Yale ; had charge of Hopkins Grammar
School at Hadley, Mass. ; taught the Grammar School
at Springfield, Mass.; began preaching at Durham,
Conn., about 1704, where he remained until his death ;
died in Durham, Conn., 1756.

N.\TH.\NIEL CHAUNCEY, M. A., the first
recipient of a degree from Yale, was born
in Hatfield, Massachusetts, September 21, 16S1.
He was the fifth child of Rev. Nathaniel Chauncy
(Harvard, 1661) and of .Abigail Strong, and the
grandson of Rev. Charles Chauncy, second President
of Harvard. After his father's death (1685), he
was brought up and educated by his uncle, Rev.
Israel Chauncy, who was one of the founders of
Yale. When the first Commencement of the new
Collegiate School, afterwards Yale College, was held
at Saybrook, September 11, 1702, "four young
gentlemen," says President Clap in his .■\nnals, "who
had before been graduated at the College of Cam-
bridge, and one more, who had a private education,

received the Degree of Master of Arts." This one
was Nathaniel Chauncey, who had probably resided
for a short time before Commencement with Rector
Pierson, and who, according to the family traditions,
had presented himself before the Corporation as a
candidate for the degree of Bachelor of .Arts, but
was found ujion examination to be worthy of the
higher degree of Master of .Arts. Tlie rest of Na-
thaniel Chauncey's life was that of the typical
clergyman of his time. After " graduation " he
first had charge of the Hopkins Cirammar School in
Hadley, Massachusetts. He then taught the Cram-
mar School at Springfield, Massachusetts, at the
same time studying theology under the Rev. Daniel
Brewer. About 1 704 he began to preach in the
new town of 1 )iuham, Connecticut, where, although
not ordained until i 711, he preached uninterrupt-
edly imtil his death in 1756. lie married, October
12, I 70S, Sarah Judson of Stratford. They had six
children, the two youngest sons graduating from
Yale in 1740 and 1743. His life was useful and
honorable. Besides being a leader of the "Old
Light " section of Connecticut theologians and the
publisher of several sermons of note, he was a
Fellow of Yale from 1746 to 1752. He died
February i, 1756.

CLAP, Thomas, 1703-1767.

Born in Scituate, Mass., 1703 ; graduated at Har-
vard, 1722 ; Pastor of the First Church, Windham,
Conn., 1726 ; Rector of Yale, 1740 ; drafted a new Char-
ter for Yale, 1745; first President of Yale; caused the
withdrawal of the students from the old First Church,
1752 ; established the College Church, 1757 ; resigned
as President of Yale, 1766; among his publications
are: The Religious Constitution of Colleges ; Nature,
and Foundation of Moral Virtue and Obligation ; and
Nature and Motions of Meteors ; died in New Haven,
Conn , 1767.

THOMAS CLAP, fifth Rector and first Presi-
dent of Yale, was the son of Stephen and
Temperance Clap, Scituate, Massachusetts. He
was born June 26,1703. After studying with Rev.
James McSparran, he entered Harvard and was
graduated in 1722. He then studied theology with
his former Tutor, and in February 1726 was asked
to settle as Pastor of the First Church, Wimlham,
Connecticut. In November 1727, he married Mary
Whiting, daughter of his predecessor ; she died in
1736, after two daughters had been born to them.
Upon the resignation of Rector Williams in 1739,
the Trustees of the College elected Rev. Mr. Clap

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

in his place, and on April 2, 1 740, the new Rector
entered upon his duties. The appointment gave
general satisfaction. The new Rector was not
only famous for his learning, but was also by for the
most powerful and energetic man yet connected
with the College. He was an independent and
clear thinker and especially effective as a teacher.
Dr. Daggett, his pupil and successor, says, " Instruct-
ing seemed to be the natural exercise and diversion
of his mind." His energy and powers of organiza-
tion were soon felt throughout the College. New
laws and a classified catalogue were made for the
Library ; stricter rules of attendance were laid down
for the students, and the course of studies was made
more practical. His natural ability as an adminis-
trator led him to a study of the laws and customs
of English and American Colleges and this resulted
(174S) in a new Code of Laws for Yale. This was
published in Latin, but its more interesting com-
panion volume, a " book of customs " was only
handed down in manuscript and soon lost. Rector
Clap's studies and the rapid growth of the College
convinced him that a new and broader Charter was
needed. This was drafted by him and granted
witliout a change by the General Assembly (1745).
By it the Trustees were incorporated as the " Presi-
dent and Fellows of Yale College," the property of
the College was partially exempted from taxation
and the privileges granted in 1701 were more
explicitly defined. Thus far President Clap's ad-
ministration had been quiet and fruitful. But he
was at heart a controversialist and when the " Great
Awakening " of Whitefield and his friends aroused
a bitter theological strife in the Colonies, President
Clap became a leader on the conservative side.
His first step was the withdrawal of the students
from the old First Church (1752) and the establish-
ment (1757) of a College Church. This led to a
fierce war of pamphlets and embittered and es-
tranged many friends of the College. In 1755, the
Assembly refused to pass its usual grant to the
College. In 1763. a formal memorial, proposing a
" Visitation " by the Colonial authorities, was laid
before the Assembly. President Clap himself de-
fended the College and fairly conquered the me-
morialists in debate. But these outside troubles
were increased by disorder among the students, and
at Commencement, 1766, President Clap resigned.
He lived less than four months longer, dying on
January 7, 1767. The wide scope of his learning
and interests is well shown by the titles of his works.
Besides twelve unpublished manuscripts seventeen

books and pamphlets are extant. .Among them
are : Introduction to the Study of Philosophy ; The
Religious Constitution of Colleges ; Nature, and
Foundation of Moral \"iitue and Obligation ; and
Nature and Motions of .Meteors.

CUTLER, Timothy, 1684-1765.

Born in Charlestown, Mass., 1684 ; graduated at
Harvard, 1701 ; Pastor at Stratford, Conn., 1709; Rector
of Yale ; resigned as Rector, 1722 ; ordained Deacon
and Priest ; received the degree of D.D. from Oxford
and Cambridge; Rector of Christ Church, Boston,
Mass., 1723; died in Boston, Mass., 1765.

TIMOTHY CUTLER, D.D., third Rector of
Yale, was the son of Major John and Martha
Cutler of Charlestown in " Massachusetts Bay,"
and was born May 31, 1684. In 1701 he gradu-

TIMOTHV CUTLER

ated from Harvard, and in 1 709 was ordained
and settled in Stratford, Connecticut. In March
1 7 19, on the recommendation of the Governor's
Council that " a person of larger experience and
weightier character take up his residence at the
College at once, with the authority of Rector" and
largely by the influence of Rev. Mr. .Andrew, the
temporary Rector whose daughter he had married,
Mr. Cutler was appointed Rector //v /rw. When this
temporary engagement expired, the consent of the
Trustees was secured for his full appointment on a

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

salary of ^140 and steps were taken to obtain his
release from his Stratford parish. He entered upon
his new work with characteristic energy and success.
In July I 7 19, Jonathan Edwards, then a Junior in
College, writes his father : " I take very great con-
tent under my present tuition as all the rest of the
scholars seem to do under theirs. Mr. Cutler is
extraordinarily courteous to us, has a very good
spirit of government, keeps the school in excellent
order, seems to increase in learning, is loved and
respected by all who are under him, and when he
is spoken of in the school or town he generally has
the title of President." At Commencement his
services were approved by a formal vote of the
Trustees, and the General Assembly of Connecticut
showed its good will toward him by a vote freeing
him from taxes during his continuance in office.
For a long time however his theological studies had
caused him great distress of mind, especially with
regard to the validity of the Presbyterian Ordination
and on September 13, 1722, with several other
clergymen he appeared before the Board of Trus-
tees and announced that all of them " were seeking
light on the duty of entering the visible communion
of the Church of England." The Trustees asked
them to reconsider the matter but on October 16,
after a public disputation, with Governor Saltonstall
as Moderator, Rector Cutler, with the Rev. Samuel
Johnson and Tutor Daniel Browne, resolved to
withdraw from the Congregational Church. The
duty of the Trustees was plain. On the next day
it was " voted that the Trustees, in faithfulness to
the trust reposed in them, do excuse the Rev. Mr.
Cutler from all further service as Rector of Vale
College." On November 5, he sailed from Boston
to obtain orders in England and after being ordained
Deacon and then Priest and receiving the degree
of Doctor of Divinity from both Oxford and Cam-
bridge he returned to Boston as missionary of the
Propagation Society. From September 1723, until
his death, August 17, 1765, he served as Rector of
Christ Church in Boston, although his active life
ended with a stroke of paralysis in 1756. Naturally
of a cold and haughty temperament his attitude
toward Yale in his later years was one of unsparing
criticism and hostility. President Stiles, whose
father was a graduate of 1722, the year of Cutler's
resignation from the Rectorship of Yale, describes
him thus : " He was of a high, lofty and despotic
mien. He made a grand figure as the head of a
College." And the Rev. John Eliot, writing of
his later life in Boston, says : " He was haughty and

overbearing in his manners. . . . He never could
win the rising generation because he found it so
difficult to be condescending; nor had he intimates
of his own age and flock. 15ut people of every
denomination looked upon him with a kind of ven-
eration and his extensive learning excited esteem
and respect where there was nothing to move or
hold the affection of the heart."

DAVENPORT, John, 1597-1670.

Born in Coventry, England, 1597 : studied at Coven-
try and Oxford, Eng ; Curate of the Church of St.
Lawrence Jewry, i6ig ; Vicar of St Stephen's, Lon-
don ; received the degrees of B D. and MA. at Oxford,
1621 ; Co-Pastor of the English Church in Amsterdam ;
chosen one of the "seven pillars;" concealed the
Regicide Juiges, 1661 ; Pastor of the First Church,
Boston, Mass., 1667; also a writer; died in Boston,
Mass., 1670.

JOHN D.WENPORT, B.D., M..\. (Oxonian),
to whose influence is directly traceable the
first proposal for the foundation of a College in

JOHN DAVENPORT

New Haven, was from the first the spiritual leader
of the New Haven Colony. He was born in Coven-
try, England, in March 1597, the son of Henry
Davenport, Mayor of that city. .After studying at
the famous Free Grammar School of Coventry
he went (1613) at the age of sixteen to Oxford,

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

where he remained for two years and then became
for a sliort time Chaplain at Hilton Castle, near
Durham. He then went to London, becoming Cur-
ate of the Church of St. Lawrence Jewry (1619) ;
five years later he was elected Vicar of the neigh-
boring church of St. Stephen's and in the next year
took his Bachelor of Divinity and Master of .\rts
degrees at Oxford. He soon fell into disfavor with
Bishop Laud on account of his I'uritan principles,
and when Laud was made Archbishop of Canterbury,
in 1633, Davenport resigned his living, withdrew
from the Established Church, and took refuge in
Holland. He became co-pastor of the English
church in Amsterdam but, after a controversy with
his colleague, soon resigneil. In 1636 Davenport
returned to England, where he lived quietly and
escaped Laud's notice until 1637, when he sailed
from London with a comjiany of Puritans, of whom
his friend and parishioner, Theophilus Eaton, was
the civil leader. They landed at Boston, but after a
year's residence the whole company removed to
Quinnipiac, the present New Haven. They arrived
on .\pril 14, 1638, and on the following day Mr.
Davenport preached his first sermon. In June
1639, in a sermon before the Colonists, he proposed
a plan for their civil government and, as the Colonv's
minister, was chosen one of the " seven jiillars " to
support it. He laid great emphasis upon the neces-
sity of a system of free schools and New Haven,
under his guidance, began to plan for a College as
early as 1641. Owing to the jirotests of leading
men from Massachusetts who feared the ruin of the
newly founded College at Cambridge, the plan was
formally given up for a time; but in 1660, largely
through Davenport's advice, the Hopkins Grammar
School was established through Governor Hopkins's
bequest and the movement started which led Daven-
port's successor, James Pierpont, forty years later to
call together the men who founded Yale College.
In 1 66 1 Davenport showed his old courage by con-
cealing in his house the Regicide Judges, William
Goffe and Edward Whalley, who had fled to New-
England upon the restoration of Charles II. The
next few years Were spent by him in a fruitless strug-
gle to prevent the consolidation of the New Haven
Colony with that Of Connecticut. Embittered by
his failure he wrote tllat " Christ's cause is lost i:i
New Haven," and when in 1667 he was called to
become Pastor of the First Church in Boston, he
gladly accepted the change. Here, as previously in
Holland, his views concerning tlie baptism of infants
were disapproved by a large element of his congre-

gation, which finally witlidrew and was organized
into the Old South Church. Although the con-
troversy thus started continued between the two
churches for many years, Mr. Davenport died of
apoplexy soon after it Ijegan, March 11, 1670, and
was buried in the tomb of his friend John Cotton.
A portrait of him painted apparently after his deatli,
belongs to Vale. His principal writings were : An
.\pologeticall Reply ; Discourses about Civil Gov-
ernment in a New Plantation whose Design is Re-
ligion ; and .^ Catechisme Containing the Chief
Heatls of Christian Religion, besides many sermons
and pamphlets and a large number of manuscript
letters and sermons still extant. A complete bibli-
ography is contained in the papers of the New Haven
Colony Historical Society, volume ii. 234. His
son John was at one tiuie one of the Judges of the
courts of New Haven, and his grandson, John, son
of tlie second John, taught for a time the Hopkins
(Irammar School in New Haven, and from 1707 to
1731 was a member of the Corporation of Vale.

DAGGETT, David, 1764-1851.

Born in Attleborough, Mass., 1764; graduated at
Yale, 1783 ; admitted to the Conn. Bar; served in the
Conn. Legislature, 1791-1813: Speaker of the Conn.
House; member of the Council of the Upper House :
State's Attorney, i8ri; Mayor of New Haven, 1828;
U. S. Senator ; Judge of the State Supreme Court,
1826 ; Chief-Justice, 1832 ; Instructor in the New Haven
Law School ; occupied the Chair of Jurisprudence,
Yale; the degree of LL.D., given by Yale; died in
New Haven, Conn., 1851.

D.Wll) I).\(;GETr, LL.D.. prominently iden-
tified with the New Haven Law School, from
which was developed the Law Department of Vale,
was born in Attleborough, Massachusetts, December
31, 1764, and was graduated at Vale in 1783. He
studied law, and after admission to the Bar prac-
tised his profession in New Haven. For over twenty
years, 1791-1813, he served in the Connecticut
Legislature, of which he was Speaker in 1794, and
in 1797— 1804 and again in 1809—13 he was a
member of the Council of the Upper House. He
was State's .\ttorney in 181 1, Mayor of New Haven
in 1828, and held other local ofifices. In 1813 he
was elected a United States Senator, to fill the
vacancy caused by the resignation of Senator
Chauncey Goodrich, and served until March 1S19,
when he resumed his former extensive law practice
in Connecticut. In 1826 he was appointed a Judge
of the State Supreme Court, and in 1832 became

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

Chief-Ji'stice, from which office he was retired in
1S34, having then reaciied the age of seventy years,
the statutory limit. Judge Daggett became an
Instructor in the New Haven Law School in 1824,
and from 1S26 filled the Chair of Jurisprudence
until compelled to resign by the infirmities of age.
Yale bestowed on him the degree of Doctor of Laws
in I §2 7. As Chief-Justice of the Supreme Court,
he was an ex-officio Fellow of the L^niversity. He
died in New Haven, Ajiril 12, 185 1. His son,
Rev. Oliver Ellsworth Daggett, a graduate of Vale
in 1828 and subsequently of the New Haven Law
School and of Yale Divinity School, was Professor
of Divinity there in 1867-70, also oft'iciating during
that time as Pastor of the College Church.

DAGGETT, Naphtali, 1727-1780.

Born in Attleborough, Mass., 1727 ; graduated at
Yale, 17^,8; was awarded the Berkeley Scholarship;
Pastor at Smithtown, L. I. ; Prof, of Divinity at Yale,
1756; President /».' hm.; the degree of D D. conferred
by the College of New Jersey, 1774 ; died in New
Haven, Conn.. 1780.

NAPHTALI DAGGETT, D.D., President of
Vale, son of Ebenezer and ^Liry Dag-
gett, was born in .Attleborough, Massachusetts,
September 8, 1727. He graduated from Vale in
1748, the first Rector or President of Vale who
was not an alumnus of Harvard. At his gradua-
tion he was awarded the Berkeley scholarship and
studied divinity, probably at the College. In 1751,
he was settled in the ministry at Smithtown, Long
Island, where he met and, in December 1753, mar-
ried Miss Sarah Smith. In 1755, at the early age
of twenty-eight, he was elected Professor of
Ptivinity in Yale, and on March 4, 1756, after an
examination in his principles of religion, knowledge
and skill in divinity, cases of conscience. Scripture
history and chronology, skill in the Hebrew tongue
and "various other qualifications" and after re-
nouncing all the errors and heresies of " Arianism,
Socenianism, .\rminianism, Antinomonianism and
Enthusiasm " he was installed as the First Professor
at Yale. This office he held until his death. L'pon
the resignation of President Clap in i 766 he was
elected President ffo tciii. by the Trustees and so
continued until his resignation ten and a half years
later. Although the College was prosperous under
his rule Dr. Daggett was not fitted either by nature
or by his studies for the difficult t.isk of directing
the College and controlling the students in those

times of difficulty and disorder just before the Revo-
lution. His pupil. Dr. Dwight, wrote : " Dr. Dag-
gett was respectable as a scholar, a divine, and a
preacher. He had a very just conception of the
manner in whicii a College should be governed but
he was not always equally happy in the mode of
administrating its discipline." As early as i77i,the
students began to show a restless spirit, anil in
March 1777, he wisely resolved to give his whole
attention to his duties as I'rofessor and resigned the
Presidency. On July 5, 1779, ^'<-'"' Hnven was
seized by two thousand British troops, apparently
with no other object than that of plunder. .\ slight
resistance was made by townsfolks and militia and
among the fighters, gun in hand, was the venerable
ex-President of Vale. The resistance was in vain
and the wounds which Mr. Daggett received and the
violence done him as a prisoner are sujiposed to
have hastened his death. He died November 25,
1780, at the age of seventy-one. During his life-
time five of his sermons were published and the
University possesses a collection of his manuscript
sermons. In 1774, the College of New Jersey con-
ferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Divinity.
His life was honorable and useful and as his pupil
Benjamin Trumbull wrote, " he was acceptable to
the legislature, clergy and people in general."

DAY, Jeremiah, 1773-1867.

Born in New Preston, Conn., 1773; graduated at
Yale. 1795; teacher in the Greenfield School; Tutor
at Williams; Tutor at Yale; Prof, of Mathematics
and Natural History, Yale; President of Yale, 1817 ;
received the degree of LL.D. from Middlebury, 1817
D.D. from Union 1818, Harvard 1831 ; founded the
Divinity School, 1822, the Law School, 1826; died in
New Haven. Conn., 1867.

JEREMIAH D.W, D.D., LL.D., ninth President
of Vale, was born in New Preston, Connecti-
cut, August 3, 1773. His father. Rev. Jeremiah
Day (Yale 1756) was a well known clergyman and
was descended from Robert Day, one of the first
settlers of Hartford. After studying under David
Hale, a brother of Nathan Hale, he entered Vale
and graduated with high honors in 1 795. l'pon
the appointment of Dr. Dwight to tlie Presidency of
the College, Mr. Day succeeded him as head of the
Greenfield School. The next year he became a
Tutor at Williams and remained there until 1798,
when he accepted a similar [jlace at Vale. During
the next three years he also studied theology, but
before being ordained he was elected (1801) Pro-

UNIVERSITIES JND THEIR SONS

fcssor of Mathematics and Natural History. On
account of ill health he was unable to begin work
until 1803. He held this Professorship for fourteen
years, publishing meanwhile an Algebra ; Mensura-
tion of Superficies and Solids ; Plane Trigonometry ;
and Navigation and Surveying. He married (Janu-
ary 1805) a daughter of Roger Sherman and after
her death (1S06) he married (iSii) Olivia Jones
of Hartford. At the death of President Dwight and
by his wish. Professor Day was elected President
and on July 23, 181 7, was ordained a minister and
inaugurated as President of Yale. His administra-

JEREMIAH DAY

tion was marked by a cautious but steady and har-
monious growth. His great desire was that educa-
tion should be more broad, thorough and democratic
and all his efforts were used to help poor and worthy
students. The College grew steadily. In 1822 the
Divinity School was founded; in 1826 the Law
School. President Day published during his Presi-
dency : An Inquiry on the Self- Determining Power of
the Will and An Examination of President Edwards's
Inquiry as to Freedom of the Will, besides numer-
ous magazine articles and sermons. He received
the degree of Doctor of Laws from Middlebury
(1817), and that of Doctor of Divinity from Union
(1818), and from Harvard (1831). In 1846, after
holding the office for twenty-nine years. President

Day resigned. He was immediately elected a
member of the Corporation and spent tlie rest of
his long life in New Haven. He died .August 22,
1867, imiversally loved and respected. Gravity
and calmness, his striking external characteristics,
were also the chief qualities of his administra-
tion. His well balanced judgment, caution and
steadiness in the develojimeiit of carefully matured
plans gave him a great unobtrusive power, while his
mildness and self control won the love of all who
knew him.

DWIGHT, Timothy, 1752-1817.

Born in Northampton, Mass., 1752 ; graduated at
Yale, 1769; Tutor, 1771 ; Chaplain in Continental
Army ; member of the General Court of Mass., 1781-
1782; Pastor at Fairfield, Conn.; established an Acad-
emy; President of Yale, 1795; Professor of Divinity,
1805; established a Medical School; received the
degree of D.D from the College of New Jersey, 1787,
and LL D from Harvard, 1810 ; died in New Haven,
1817.

TIMOTHY DWIGHT, D.D., LL.D., eighth
President of Yale, was the son of Major
Timothy Dwight (Yale 1744) and Mary Edwards,
daughter of Jonathan Edwards. He was born at
Northampton, Massachusetts, May 14, 1752. His
early education came from his mother and he was
soon noted for his brilliancy of mind. After study-
ing at Middletown he entered College (1765) at the
age of thirteen, .\fter his graduation (1769) he
acted as Tutor for six years, and also studied law,
but in 1777, there being a great scarcity of Chap-
lains in the Continental .Aimy, he was licensed to
preach and became Chaplain in Parson's Brigade
of Connecticut troops. He remained with the army
a year, winning the special notice of Washington,
until in 1778 his father's death called him home.
He then lived in Northampton for five years, teach-
ing, farming, preaching, and representing the town
for two sessions (1781-82) in the General Court of
Massachusetts. In 1783, he was settled over the
church at Greenfield Hill in Fairfield, Connecticut.
There he established an .Academy which won a
national reputation. It was open to both sexes,
offered every study belonging to the regular College
course of that time, and educated over a thousand
pupils during Dr. Dwight's connection with it. In
I 795, upon the death of President Stiles, Dr. Dwight
was chosen President of Yale and at Commence-
ment entered upon office. He also became College
Preacher and although his preaching was first looked
on with suspicion on account of his leanings towards

(JNirEKSJriKS JND TJIKIR SONS

the theology of his grandfather, Jonathan Edwards, wrote Greenfield Hill, a pastoral poem; America, a
yet his influence upon the religious life of the poem ; The tJenuineness and Authenticity of the
College was so marked and whtflesomc that in i S05 New 'restament ; 'I'riumph of Infidelity, a Satire;
he was elected Professor of Divinity. This office Discourse on the C'haracter of Washington ; Obser-
he held until his death. President Dwight remade rations on Language; and Essay on Light. In
tiie College. He found the curriculum narrow and 1787, the College of New Jersey gave him the
the rules of discipline childish and oppressi\o. He degree of Doctor of Divinity and Harvard that of
substituted for them the ordinary rules of a gentle- Doctor of Laws in 1810. .After a year's decline
man and broadened the course of study. He was President Dwight died in New Haven, January 11,
also an able executive and his appointments were 1S17. He had married in March 1777, Mary
uniformly successful. Indeed the best history of Woolsey of Long Island who bore him eight sons,
his administration is found in the long line of dis- Among them were Benjamin Woolsey Dwight,

Treasurer of Hamilton, a physician and merchant,
and James Dwight, father of the second President
Dwight of \'ale.

TIMOTHY DWIGHT

tinguished teachers and graduates of the College.
The University idea appealeil to him and in 1806,
he enlarged the College by founding a Medical
School. He also planned a L,aw School which was
added by his successor. His success as a teacher
was great. He had early won fame as an author
and his fondness for literature and clearness of
expression made his lectures on oratory and com-
position especially valuable. His principal works
were an epic, The Conquest of Canaan ; a revision
of Watts' Psalms ; Travels in New England and New
York ; and his Theology Explained and Defined in
a Course of One hundred and seventy-three Sermons,
which passed through a score of editions here and
at least a hundred in England. Besides these he

EATON, Theophilus, 1591-1658.

Born in Stony Stratford, Oxfordshire, Eng , about
1591 ; agent Court of Denmark from tfie King of Eng-
land ; Magistrate at Boston, Mass., one of the " seven
pillars;" first Governor of Conn., 1638; died in Quin-
nipiac, 1658.

THi:OPHILUS EATON, first Covernor of
New Haven Colony, was born in Stony
Stratford, Oxfordshire, England, about 1591. He
was the son of a clergyman, but received a mercan-
tile education, and was sent by the King of England
as an agent to the Court of Denmark, where he
resided for several years. After his return to
London he became a merchant of high reputation,
but in 1637 accompanied John Davenport's party
to New England. On arriving in Boston he was
made a Magistrate, and the Massachusetts settlers
made strong eflbrts to retain the party, wliich was
composed chiefly of gentlemen of wealth and char-
acter. But they were bent upon founding a colony
of their own, and accordingly Eaton with a few of
his friends carefully explored the coast of Connecti-
cut, finally selecting a spot called Quinnipiac, where
in March 1638 the colony was planted. In June
of the following year he was made one of the
"seven pillars" selected to form a government, and
was chosen the first C.overnor of the Colony, in
which capacity he served until his death, January
7, .658.

FARNAM, Henry, 1803-1883.

Born in Scipio, N. Y., 1803 ; practised surveying,
employed on the Erie Canal; Assistant Engineer of
the New Haven & Northampton Canal ; Superinten-
dent ; assisted in building the Chicago & Rock

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

Island Railroad ; President of same, 1854-1863 ; received
the MA. degree from Yale, 1871 ; presented Farnam
Hall to Yale ; also left a provision in his will that after
the death of his immediate heirs his residence is to
pass to Yale as a President's House ; died in New
Haven, Conn., 1883.

HKNRV FARNAM, M.A. Benefactor of Yale,
was born in Scipio, New York, November 9,
1803. His early years were s])ent in farm life on
the flimily homestead. After attending the tlistrict
school he studied mathematics without a teacher,
and later practised surveying, being employed in
that capacity for a time, on the Erie Canal. In
1825 he was engaged as Assistant ICngineer of the

HENRY FARN.4M

New Haven & Northampton Canal, and two years
later became its Superintendent. From 1839 to
1850 he resided in New Haven, and in 1S46 to
1848 he built the railroad that took the place of the
canal. Removing to Illinois in 1850, in association
with Joseph \\. Sheffield he built the Chicago &
Rock Island Railroad, of which he was President
for the ten years 1854-1863. Then retiring from
active life, he spent several years abroarl and re-
turned to New Haven where the remainder of his
life was passed. Yale bestowed on him the honorary
degree of Master of Arts in 1S71. Besides giving
freely to local charities and contributing largely
to the development of East Rock Park in New

Haven, he built and presented to the University one
of Yale's finest dormitories, Farnam Hall, and at
his death which took place October 4, 1883, left a
provision in his will by which his fine residence is
to pass to Yale for a " President's House " after the
death of his immediate heirs. Mr. Farnam's son
Charles Henry, a graduate of Yale in 1868, and of
Columbia Law School in 1871, has been for several
years Assistant in Archaeology in the Peabody
Museum of Yale. His son Henry Walcott, who was
graduated at Yale in 1874 and took the degree of
Doctor of Political Science at Strasburg, Cermaiiy,
in 1878, was a Tutor in Yale froin 1878 to 1880.
In the latter year he was made Professor of Political
Economy in the Sheffield Scientific School, and in
1 88 1 became a member of the Governing Board.

GIBBS, George, 1776-1833.

Born in Newport, R. I., 1776 ; interested in Miner-
alogy; sold to Yale a large collection of minerals he
had secured in Europe ; received the M A. degree from
Brown, 1800. and from Yale, i8c8 ; Vice-President of
the New York Lyceum of Natural History ; died in
Sunswick, L. I., 1833.

Gi:()RGE GIBBS, M.A. (Yale and Brown),
whose gifts and encouragement did much to
establish the study of mineralogy at Vale, was born
in Newport, Rhode Island, January 7, 1776. Asa
young man he spent several years abroad and made
a large collection of minerals, including four thousand
specimens collected by Gigot d'Orcy and si.\ thousand
collected by Count Gregoire de Razamousky, wliich
he brought back with him to the United States.
The collection, which consisted of over twelve tliou-
sand specimens — the largest in the country at that
time — was first exhibited at Newport, and among
the visitors was the elder Professor Silliman of Yale,
who spent several weeks in studying the collection
and formed a warm personal friendship with its
owner. At this time Mr. Gibbs offered to deposit
the collection at Yale as a loan, if suitable rooms
were provided for it. This was done and the col-
lection was ])laced in South Middle College in iSio,
where it remained imtil 1825, liberally insured by its
owner. In 1825, Mr. Gibbs offered to sell it to the
College for $20,000. The money was raised
through the efforts of Professor Silliman and the
finest collection of minerals then in the United
States became the property of Yale. Mr. Gibbs
continued his interest in mineralogy, making exten-
sive journeys and developing new mining districts.

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

He also offered prizes at Vale for excellence and
for useful discoveries and inventions in the science.
The Gibbs meteorite, one of the largest specimens
known, was later presented to the College by his
widow. Mr. (libbs was given the tlegree of Master
of Arts by I!rown in i<Soo, and by Vale in 1808. In
1S22 lie was elected Vice-President of the New Voik
Lyceum of Natural History. He published valuable
papers in the American Mineralogical Journal and
in the American Journal of Science, and was a life-
long friend and encourager of Professor Silliman.
He was a man of singular culture, wide experience

GEORGE GIBBS

and brilliant conversational powers, and was famous
for his generous hospitality. Colonel Gibbs married
Laura, daughter of Oliver Wolcott, Secretary of the
Treasury under Washington and John Adams, and
himself a generous giver to Yale. They had three
sons ; the eldest, George, became a lawyer, historian
and scientist, and added largely to his father's col-
lections at Yale. The second, Oliver Wolcott, be-
came a distinguished chemist, a Professor in the
College of the City of New York and later Rumford
Professor of Science in Harvard University. The'
youngest, Alfred, was a Brigadier-General in the
War of the Rebellion. Colonel Gibbs died at Suns-
wick, Long Island, August 6, 1S33.

HILLHOUSE, James, 1754-1832.

Born in Montville, Conn., 1754; studied at Hop-
kins Grammar School; graduated at Yale, 1769;
admitted to Conn. Bar. 1775; Lieut, of Volunteers,
1776; Lieut, in the Governor's Foot-Guards, 1777;
promoted Captain, 1779; Representative from New
Haven to the Conn. Legislature, 1780-1789; Rep-
resentative from Conn, to the Second Congress of the
U. S.; U. S. Senator, 1796-1810; President of Senate.
{•lo lent. ; Commissioner of the School Fund of Conn. ;
Treasurer of Yale, 1782-1832 ; died in New Haven, 1832.

JAMES lULl.llOUSK, M.A., !,l..l)., for fifty
years the Treasurer of Yale, was the son of
William llillhouse and was born at Montville, Con-
necticut, October 20, 1754. He was early adopted
into the family of his uncle, an eminent lawyer in
New Haven, and was ])repared for College in the
Hopkins Grammar School, entering Vale in 1769.
After his graduation (177,3) he began the study of
law and was admittetl to the Connecti<-ut J!ar in
1775. He soon joined the local militia, and was a
Lieutenant of ^'olunteers to reinforce Washington in
L)ecember 1776. In 1777 he was elected Lieu-
tenant in the Governor's Foot-Guards and two
years later was made Captain. When New Haven
was captured by the British (July 1 779), Cai)tain
HiUhouse headed a small company of volunteers
and showed much bravery in resisting the attack of
the British troojjs. From 1780 to 17S9 he was a
Representative of New Haven in the Slate Legisla-
ture and in 1790 he was elected a Representative
from Connecticut to the Second Congress of the
Lhiited States. Here he look a prominent part in
all debates, being a projiounced {'"ederalist in his
pdlitics. In 1796 lie entered the Senate, wiiere he
sat until 18 10, being elected its President fro tcm.,
when Jefferson was elected President of the United
States. In 1810 Mr. Hillhouse resigned his seat in
the Senate to accept the office of Commissioner of
the School Fund of Connecticut. Owing to the
value of the Western Reserve lands owned by the
State and their careless and unsystematic manage-
ment heretofore, this was a most important and
difficult office. Mr. Hillhouse helil it for fifteen
years, daring which time, without a single litigation
or a dollar paid for coimsel, he restored the fund
and increased it to $1,700,000 of well-secured
and productive capital. In this work his activity
wns untiring while his scrupulous honesty was pro-
verbial. Besides this work for his state he did much
for his city of New Haven. He opened new streets,
enclosed the Cjieen, and set out, partly with his own
hands, the famous ehns of Temple Street. Mr. Hill-

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

house was Treasurer of Yale from 1782 to 1S32 and
to this office he devoted much of his time and care.
To him was due the plan of ceding to the College
all the outstanding taxes in the state wliich were pay-
able in evidences of the Revolutionary debt, thus
assuring to the College a large income at a most
critical time in its history. Partly by his influence
also the Corporation of the College was enlarged to
include the Governor, Lieutenant-Governor and six
of the State Senators, thus assuring a more represen-
tative and business-like management. In his old
age, when Mr. Hillhouse had retired from all other

JAMES HILLHOUSE

offices, he still retained his connection with the
College. It is characteristic of his faithfulness and
devotion to Yale that his last public duly was to
attend a meeting of the College Corporation and
that his last act was to read a letter on College busi-
ness. He died December 29, 1.S32. Mr. Hill-
house was twice married, on January 1, 1779, to
Sarah Lloyd and after her death, to Rebecca Woolsey
by whom he had two sons and three daughters.

HOLMES, Samuel, 1824-1897.

Born in Waterbury, Conn., 1824; President of the
Scoville Manufacturing Co. ; Manager of the Bridge-
port Brass and Copper Co.; a Professorship of Divinity

at Yale named for him ; Corporate Member of the Am-
erican Board; Vice-President of the Congregational
Education Society ; member of the Executive Com-
mittee of the American Missionary Association;
Delegate to the International Congregational Council
in London, 1891 ; died in Montclair, N. J., 1897.

SAMUEL HOLMES, whose gifts to the Divinity
School of Yale established the Holmes Pro-
fessorship of Hebrew, was born in Waterbury, Con-
necticut, November 30, 1824, the son of Samuel J-
Holmes. At the age of eleven he began work in a
factory, alternating work and study until he was
seventeen. He then entered the Scoville Manufac-
turing Company, removed to New York, and soon
became the head of the company. He amassed a
large fortune, which was, however, swept away by
the panic of 1873. Later, Mr. Holmes became the
New York Manager of the Bridge])ort Brass and
Copper Company, an 1 after his removal to Mont-
clair, New Jersey, did much to develop that town.
In 1868, Mr. Holmes offered to endow the Profes-
sorship of Hebrew at Yale with ;S25,ooo if means
for a new building for the Divinity School were
raised. In honor of his co-operation and generosity
the Corporation voted that this Professorship should
receive his name. Mr. Holmes also gave $5,000
to the College, the income of which is applied
toward paying the tuition of five students from
Waterbury, his birthplace. Few men have done so
m\ich toward the development of the Congrega-
tional Churches of this country as Mr. Holmes. He
was a Corporate member of the American Board,
Vice-President of the (Congregational Education
Society, and for many years a member of the Ex-
ecutive Committee of the American Missionary
Association. He was also a delegate to the Inter-
national Congregational Council in London, in iSqt.
Mr. Holmes married, in 1856, Mary Howe Goodale
of Marlboro, Massachusetts. Their children are :
Ellen Warren, widow of the Rev. Frank A. Beck-
with ; Samuel Judd, Mary Goodale, David Goodale
and George Day Holmes. A fifth son, Arthur, died
in infancy. Mr. Holmes died December 7, 1897.
His widow and daughter reside in Montclair, New
Jersey.

HOPKINS, Edward, 1600-1657.

Born near Shrewsbury, Eng., i5oo; studied at the
Grammar School in Shrewsbury, Eng. ; first Secretary
of the Colony; Governor every other year, 1640-1654;
Warden of the Fleet (prison), Eng. ; Commissioner of
the Admiralty ; represented Dartmouth in Parliament,
1656; left bequests to Harvard and Yale ; Hopkinton,

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

Mass., named for him, also Hopkins Grammar School
at New Haven, Conn. ; died in 1657.

EDW.ARI) HOPKINS, (iovernor of tlie Con-
necticut Colony, anil Founder of the Hopkins
Grammar School in New Haven, which was the
forerunner of Yale, was born near Shrewsbury, Eng-
land, in 1600. After studying at the Grammar
School of Shrewsbury he removed to London, and
soon became a prosperous merchant. In London
he worshipped with Theophilus Eaton, at St.
Stephen's Church, of which John Davenport was
Rector, and when they emigrated to Massachusetts
in 1637 with a company of I'uritans, Mr. Hopkins
went with them. He soon made his home in Hart-
ford, and became conspicuous for his ability and
wisdom. He was chosen first Secretary of the Col-
ony and was elected Governor every other year from
1640 to 1654, generally serving as Deputy Governor
in alternate years. In 1643 '^"^ advocated and was
a delegate to the first union of the New England
Colonies. .Mthough his health was never good, he
also continued his business as a merchant, pushed
his trading posts far up the Connecticut River, and
established a trade in cotton with the Barbadoes.
In 1653 he went to England on business, intending
to return to Connecticut, but on his elder brother's
death he inherited his office of Warden of the Fleet
(prison), and was appointed by Cromwell Commis-
sioner of the Admiralty. He also represented Dart-
mouth in the Parliament of 1656, and remained in
England until his death, in 1657. He had married
a sister of David Yale, but left no children. As
Leonard Bacon says, " New England was his chief
heir" through the schools which he founded in New
Haven, Hadley and Cambridge. Governor Hop-
kins had heard from Mr. Davenport of the early
plans for a Collegiate School in New Haven and
had received from him a request for aid. He re-
plied in 1656 (forty-four years before the founding
of Yale), " If I understand that a College is begun
and like to be carried on at New Haven for the
good of posterity, I shall give some encouragement
thereto." No further steps toward founding a Col-
lege were taken at that time, on account of the
fears and jealousy of prominent citizens of Massa-
chusetts. However, Governor Hopkins in his will,
dated 1657, provided, "And the resiilue of my es-
tate there (in New England) I do hereby give and
bequeath ... to give some encouragement in
those foreign plantations for the breeding up of
hopeful youth in the way of learning both at the
Grammar School and College, for the public service

VOL. II. — 4

of the country in Aiture times ; " and another clause
of the will gave ;^'5oo for the same purpose, to be
available on the death of his wife. Through the first
clause Harvard realized, after a few years, j{^ioo
in corn and meal. After more than half a century
the second clause resulted in the purchase, by a
body known as the Hopkins Trustees, of lands after-
wards embraced in the town of Hopkinton, the in-
come from which has been devoted in part to the
College, in [)art to the education of children at a
grammar school in Cambridge. Tiie history of the
Hopkins trust is curious and interesting; the body
known as the Hopkins Trustees has administered it
for nearly two centuries. In 1660, upon the aban-
donment of more ambitions plans for a College at
New Haven, John Davenport, as Trustee, came for-
ward with (Governor Hopkins' bequest to New
Haven, and with this the Hopkins Grammar School,
the predecessor of Y'ale by some forty years, was
establisiied on a permanent foundation. This School
still flourishes, a strong and useful preparatory
school and a monument to the wisdom of its
founiler, although it was left for a later generation
to found the College for which both Governor Hop-
kins and John Davenport had worked and hoped.

HUMPHREYS, David, 1752-1818.

Born in Derby, Conn., 1752; graduated at Yale, 1771 ;
Capt. in the Continental Army ; served on the Staff of
Gen. Putnam ; Aide-de-camp to Gen. Washington,
1778 ; presented by Act of Congress with a sword ;
Sec. to Benjamin Franklin, John Adams and Thomas
Jefferson; served in the Conn. Legislature. 1786;
Minister to Portugal; Minister to the Court of Spain
at Madrid; Brig.-Gen. of Conn., 1812 ; received the
MA. degree from Yale 1774, Princeton 1783, and Har-
vard 1787; LL D. from Brown. 1802, Dartmouth,
1804; died in New Haven, Conn., 1818.

DAVID HUMPHREV.S, LI,. I)., to whom the
honor belongs (.if ha\ing been the first to
secure the rights and jirii-ileges of Freshmen in the
social life of Yale, was born in Derby, Connecticut,
July 10, 1752, son of Rev. Daniel Hunqjhreys, a
minister of the Congregational denomination. He
was graduated from Yale in 1771, and entering the
Continental .\rmy as Captain under Gen. Samuel
H. Parsons at the breaking out of the Revolutionary
^\'ar, he served upon the staff of General Putnam in
1778, and was appointed .\ide-de-Camp to General
Washington in i 780. After the close of the War he
was presented, by .Act of Congress, with a handsome
sword in recognition of his g.illantry at the siege of

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

Yorktown, and accompanying the C'oniniander-in-
Chief to Moiuit Vernon, he remained there for
nearly a year. In i 7S4 he was appointed Secretary
to Benjamin Franklin, John Adams and Thomas
Jefferson, who went abroad for the purpose of estab-
lishing friendly relations anil negotiating commercial
treaties with European nations. After an absence
of two years, the greater part of which time was
spent in London and Paris, he returned, and in 1786
was elected to the Legislature from his native town.
Being once more invited to Mount Vernon, he re-
sided there until i 789, when he came to New York

DAVID ^U.^U'HKEVS

with his illustrious patron, and in 1 790 was ap-
pointed Minister to Portugal, arriving at his post of
duty in the following year. While visiting this
country in 1 794, he was entrusted with the charge
of affliirs in the Barbary States in connection with
the Portuguese Mission, which he held for seven years
or until transferred to Madrid as Minister Plenipo-
tentiary to the Court of Spain, and remained there
until the appointment of his successor, Charles E.
Pinckney, in 1802. During the War of 181 2 he
served as Brigadier-General of Connecticut Volun-
teers, and at the conclusion of hostilities he retired
to private life. He had previously imported one
hundred Merino sheep, and in his later years he was
engaged in the manufacture of woollen goods.

Colonel Humphreys began to compose verses while
in College, and during the Revolution he wrote a
number of patriotic poems. His poem entitled :
An Address to the Armies of the United States,
became popular in this country, created a favorable
impression in England, and was translated into
French. He was the author of: The Happiness of
America, poem on agriculture ; and the translator
of The Widow of Malabac, a tragedy from the
French of La Lierre. He was also concerned in
producing the Anarchiad which appeared at Hart-
ford about the year 17S6, and an edition of which,
purported to be the first ever published in book-
form, appeared at New Haven in 1861. While
residing in Lisbon, Colonel Humphreys married
Miss Bulkly, a wealthy English lady.

PHELPS, William Walter, 1839-1894.

Born in New York, 1839; graduated at Yale, i860;
studied law at Columbia, graduated in 1863 ; practised
law in New York City; member of the Forty-third
Congress from N. J. ; member of the Yale Corpora-
tion; Minister to Austria. 1881 ; member of the Inter-
national Conference on the Samoan question held at
Berlin ; Minister to Germany, 1889 ; Judge of the
Court of Errors and Appeals; member of the Uni-
versity Club, N. Y. ; Regent of the Smithsonian
Institute; President of the Columbia Law School
Alumni ; Vice-President of the Yale Alumni Associ-
ation ; honorary member of the New York Chamber
of Commerce; received the LL.D. degree from Rutgers,
1889, Yale, 1890; left a bequest which with his father's
built Phelps Hall and Gateway ; died in Englewood,
N. J., 1894.

WH.LLAM WALTER PHELPS, LL.D., Trus-
tee and Benefactor of Vale, and an honored
graduate, was born in New York, August 24, 1S39,
the eldest son of John Jay and Rachel B. Phelps.
After preparing for College he entered, in 1855,
luit on account of ill health did not graduate until
i85o. He won high honors in scholarship and
graduated second in his class. On the evening of
Commencement Day, July 26, i860, he was married
to Miss Ellen Sheffield, daughter of Joseph E. Shef-
field of New Haven, the founder of the Sheffield
Scientific School. Mr. Phelps then spent the next
two years abroad and upon his return entered the
Columbia Law School from which he graduated first
in his class, in 1863. He began the practice of
law in New York City with great success, but on
the death of his father in 1869, he gave up active
practice and became the manager of the family
estates and of large private trusts. He soon moved
to Englewood, New Jersey, took a prominent place

UNIVERSIl'IES AND TTIEIR SONS

in state politics, and in 1872 was elected Republican
Representative to the Forty-third Congress, where he
rnade a national reputation as a brilliant debater.
In 1872 he also became a member of the Vale
Corporation, one of the first Trustees elecletl
directly by the Alumni; he held this position for
twenty years, declining further re-election in 1892.
Although a man of ample wealth and scholarly
tastes Mr. Phelps believed that the people had a
right to command the time and talents of any
citizen, and he spared no effort to satisfy their
claim. In May 1881, he was appointed Minister

WILLIAM WALTER PHELPS

to Austria by President Garfield, but resigned in
1882 to accept a re-election to Congress where he
served three terms as a member of the Committee
of Foreign Affairs. His familiarity with European
diplomacy also led to his ajipointment as a member
of the International Conference on the Samoan
question held at Berlin. In June 1889, President
Harrison appointed him Minister to Germany, a
position which he filled for four years •with great
distinction. Upon his return to the United States
he was appointed a lay Judge of the Court of F.rrors
and Appeals, the court of last resort in New Jersey.
He took up the routine drudgery of this work with
great earnestness and self-sacrifice until his death
which occurred at Englewood, New Jersey, June 17,

1894. His wife and three children survived him.
Mr. Phelps' interest in the cause of education and
culture was marked and generous. He was one
of the founders of the University Club of New
York, a Regent of the Smithsonian Institute, and a
loyal and generous son of Vale. During his lifetime
he gave largely toward tlie completion of ]5attell
Chapel, to the Library and to all departments of
the University. At his death he left the sum of
$50,000 to be added to an equal sum left by his
father, for the imrpose of erecting a building u])on
the Vale Campus. His plans were carried out by
the erection of l'hcli)s Hall and Gateway in which
the Classical Department of the University was in-
stalled in 1896. Mr. Phelps was President of the
Columbia Law School Alumni, \'ice-President of the
Yale Alumni Association and an honorary member
of the New York Chamber of Commerce. He was
given the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws, by
Rutgers in 18S9, and by Vale in 1890.

PIERPONT, James, 1659-1714.

Born in Roxbury, Mass., 1659; graduated at Har-
vard, 1681 ; Pastor at New Haven, Conn., 1685 ; Trustee
of Yale; member of the Saybrook Synod; died in
New Haven, Conn., 1714.

JAMES PIERPONT, M.A., often called the
Founder of Yale, was the son of John Pierpont
of Roxbury, Massachusetts, who was descended from
a younger branch of the family of the Earl of King-
ston. James Pierpont was born in Roxbury, January
4, 1659, graduated from Harvard in i68r, and in
1684 preached as a candidate before the church in
New Haven. He at once won the love and trust
of the church by his gentleness and prudence, was
ordained and settled as its Pastor in 1685, and lived
in New Haven until his death thirty years later.
His doctrinal soundness and wisdom in counsel, as
well as his prominent position as John Davenport's
successor, made it specially appropriate for him to
revive Davenport's long cherished plan of founding
a College in Connecticut. Through his infiuence
and efforts the original P.oard of Trustees was or-
ganized, a charter secured, and a Rector of the new
College appointed. Tradition says that he presented
six of the original forty-one books which were given
to found the College Library. Mr. Pierpont has
been called the " Founder of Vale " and more than
any other man he earned the right to that title.
The College was established through his energy and
foresight, and his wisdom and care shaped its earlier

UNIVERSITIES JND THEIR SONS

course. Largely through liis influence also Elihu
Yale's gifts were secured. Mr. Pierpont was a
member of the Saybrook Synod in 1 70S, and is
said to have drawn up the articles of the famous
" Saybrook Platform " which aimed to promote dis-
cipline and closer fellowship among the churches of
Connecticut. It is certain that he took a prominent
place in the Synod, for of all the early clergymen of
New England he was the most distinguished for the
nobility and sweetness of his character and the
spirituality of his life. Mr. Pierpont's only publica-
tion was a sermon preached in Cotton Mather's

JAMES PIERPONT

pulpit (1712), "Sundry False Hopes of Heaven
Discovered and Decryed." He was married three
times ; to Abigail, granddaughter of John Daven-
port ; to Sarah Haynes, a granddaughter of Gov-
ernor Haynes, who bore him one daughter ; and to
Mary Hooker of Farmington who had six sons and
two daughters, one of whom, Sarah, was the wife of
Jonathan p]dwards. Among his lineal descendants
were Jonathan lulwards, the younger, his grandson ;
the elder President Timothy Dwight, his great-
grandson, and the younger President Dwight, late
President of Yale. Mr. Pierpont died November 14,
1714, in New Haven. His portrait has been pre-
sented to the College and now hangs in Alumni
Hall.

PIERSON, Abraham, 1645-1707.

Born probably at Southampton, L. I., in 1645 ; gradu-
ated at Harvard, 1668; studied theology; Pastor at
Newark, N. J., 1672; Rector of Yale, 1701 ; Trustee of
Yale; died in Killingworth, Conn., 1707.

ABRAHAM PH:RS0N, first Rector of Yale
and one of its first Trustees and founders,
was born, probably in Southampton, Long Island,
in 1645. He was the tliird ciiild of Rev. Abraham
Pierson who had graduated from Trinity College,
Cambridge, in 1632, and had settled in Branford,
Connecticut, near his old friend, Jolm Davenport.
In 1668, the son graduated from Har\ard where he
had proved himself a hard student and a good
scholar. His College note book on logic, theology
and physics is still preserved in the Yale Library.
He probably studied theology with his father who
had withdrawn, with most of his congregation, from
Connecticut and had settled in Newark, New Jersey.
In July 1669, the town of Newark unanimously
voted "to call Mr. Abraham Pierson, Jr., to be
helpful to his father, in the exercise of his gifts in
the ministry, for the space of a year." In March
1672, he was regularly called and settled as Col-
league Pastor and on his father's death in .August
1678, he took sole charge of the church until his
dismissal in February 1692. He immediately re-
turned to Connecticut where he preached for two
years at Greenwich and then was settled over the
church at Killingworth (Clinton). He had married,
about 1673, .\bigail Clark of Milford, a grand-
daughter of his fother's friend, John Davenport, and
three sons and six daughters were born to them.
His Pastorate at Killingworth was a happy one and
his reputation for learning and ability grew until, in
1701, he was considered one of the leaders among
the Connecticut Clergy. At the organization of the
College under the new Charter in November 1701,
Rev. Mr. Pierson was elected its first Rector w-ith
the request that he move to Saybrook and instruct
the pupils there ; but the people of Killingworth
objected so strongly to his departure anil the pros-
pects of securing a salary large enough to live upon
were so discouraging that he remained with his
church until his death, instructing his pupils at or
near his house at Killingworth. He died March 5,
1707. leaving a reputation for good scholarship and
practical wisdom. Rector Clap wrote, "He was a
wise, steady and judicious gentleman." He is
commemorated by a beautiful pillar at Clinton and
by a bronze statue, given by Charles Morgan, upon
the Yale Campus. Since no portraits and no re-

UNIVERSITIES JNB THEIR SONS

liable descriptions of him exist tlic statue, like that
of John Harvard, at Cambridge, is purely iileal ; but
if we can judge his personal appearance from his
upright, scholarly life, Abraham I'ierson must have
had the fine features and the scholar's head which
the artist has given him.

PORTER, Noah, 1811-1892.

Born in Farmington, Conn., 181 1; studied at Far-
mington Academy; graduated at Yale, 1831 ; teacher
in the Hopkins Grammar School ; studied theology ;
Pastor at New Milford, Conn. ; Pastor at Springfield,
Mass. ; Prof of Moral Philosophy and Metaphysics at
Yale ; Editor of Webster's Dictionary ; received the
degree of D.D. from the Univ. of the City of New
York, LL.D. from Western Reserve College, 1870,
Trinity College, 1871, Edinburgh, i885; President of
Yale, 1871 ; died in New Haven, Conn., 1892.

NOAH PORTER, D.D., LL.D., eleventh Pres-
ident of Yale, was born in Farmington,
Connecticut, December 14, 181 1, the second son
of Rev. Noah Porter, Pastor of the Farmington
Church. When nine years old he entered the
Farmington Academy and at the age of sixteen
entered Yale. Although his class was one of un-
usual brilliancy he at once took a high rank and
graduated with honors in 1831. He then taught
for two years in the Hopkins Grammar School of
New Haven and in 1833-35 held a Tutorship in
the College. Meanwhile he studied in the Divinity
School, principally under N. W. Taylor whose
daughter, Mary Taylor, he married on April 13,
1836. He then went directly to New Milford,
Connecticut, where he became Pastor of the Con-
gregational Church. He remained there for seven
years (1836-43), doing unusually vigorous and
fruitful work. In January 1843, he accepted a call
to the new Second (or South) Congregational
Church of Springfield, Massachusetts, where he
remained for three and a half years. In 1846, at
the age of thirty-two, Mr. Porter was appointed
Clark Professor of Moral Philosophy and Meta-
physics at Yale, a Professorship which was estab-
lished with the special intention that he should fill
it. His new work brought him into closest touch
with the students of the Senior Class and he soon
became their especial friend and adviser. His
kindliness and simplicity were irresistible and he
met his pupils in closer comradeship than any other
teacher of his time. Besides his Professorship in the
College he held the Chair of Systematic Theology
in the Divinity School, formerly occupied by Dr.

Taylor from 1S58 to 1866. As a thinker and a
writer Dr. Porter was indefatigable. His works
cover the widest range and a complete bibliograjihy
(see " Noah Porter, a Memorial," ed. by G. S.
Merriam, 1S93) includes at least one hundred and
twenty separate books, essays, reports and lectures,
among tliein : 'I'he Human Intellect; Hooks and
Reading ; Science and Sentiment ; F.lcments of
Moral .Science ; Life of Bishop Berkeley ; and
Kant's Ethics, a Critical Exposition. He also
edited the successive editions of Webster's Dic-
tionary from 1847 until his death. His reputation

N'O.VH PORIKR

as a philosopher and theologian was worldwide
while his knowledge of the classics. New England
History, ami English etymology was exceptionally
deep. In 1S58, Professor Porter received the de-
gree of Doctor of Divinity from the University of
the City of New York and that of Doctor of Laws
from Western Reserve College (1870), Trinity Col-
lege (1871) and from Edinburgh (1886). In 1871,
upon the resignation of President Woolsey, Profes-
sor Porter was elected President of Yale. This
office he held for fifteen years. During these years
the College showed a steady and substantial growth.
The number of students was doubled ; buildings
and improvements to the value of a million dollars
were added and the permanent funds were largely

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

increased. The Library grew froni sixty thousand
to one hundred and sixty thousand volumes. The
elective system of studies was introduced and the
professional schools were greatly strengthened.
President Porter's efforts were devoted to in-
creasing the true value of the College education.
His ideal of scholarship was lofty and he was im-
patient of shams, always seeking the substance
rather than the appearance of culture. He was
conservative in spirit, a careful manager, and busi-
nesslike and tactful in his relations with the mem-
bers of the Corporation, while his knowledge of the
details of College management was wonderfully large
and exact. His hospitahty was as large as his ac-
quaintance, and he especially entertained many
distinguished Englishmen, among them Froude,
Freeman, Matthew Arnold and Canon Farrar. It
was largely because of this large acquaintance and

counted a man of weight and wisdom throughout
the Colony. He was one of the franiers of the
Saybrook Platform. Mr. Russell married Mary
Hamlin of Middletown and had nine children, one
of whom, William, became a Tutor at Yale and later
his father's successor. He died December 3, 1713.

SHEFFIELD, Joseph Earle, 1793-1882.

Born in Southport, Conn,, 1793; entered business at
Newbern, N. C. ; engaged in the cotton trade at
Mobile, Ala.; interested in building the New Haven &
Northampton Canal, and the New York & New Haven
Railroad; built the Chicago Rock & Island Railroad;
endowed the Yale Scientific School ; the same named
for him; died in New Haven, Conn, 1882.

JOSEPH E.ARLE SHEFFIELD, Benefactor of
Yale, was born in Southport, Connecticut, June

19, 1793. His father and grandfather were wealthy
high reputation abroad that President Hayes offered ship-owners, and during the Revolutionary War
him the position of Minister to England which he
declined. In 18S6, in his seventy-fifth year. Presi-
dent Porter resigned, retaining, however, his Pro-
fessorship of Philosophy and his active interest in
the College until his death. After a summer abroad
he settled down in New Haven and spent the rest
of his life in teaching, in writing, and in editorial
work upon the Dictionary. He died March 4, 1892.

RUSSELL, Noadiah, 1659-1713.

Born in New Haven, Conn., 1659; graduated at Har-
vard, 1681 ; Tutor at Harvard; Teacher at Ipswich,
Mass.; Pastor at Middletown, Conn.; Trustee of
Yale; Tutor at Yale; died in Middletown, Conn., 1713.

NOADIAH RUSSELL, one of the Founders
and original Trustees of Yale, was born in
New Haven, July 22, 1659, the only son of William
Russell and Sarah Davis, who belonged to the
original setders of the Colony. On the death of
his father he was taken by some of his relatives to
Massachusetts, prepared for College, and entered
Harvard. He graduated in 1681, in the same class
with Pierpont and Samuel Russell, and became a
Tutor at the College. (His diary kept while a
Tutor (1682) is printed in the New England His-
torical Register, vol. viii, p. 53.) After teaching at
Ipswich, Massachusetts, he settled in Middletown,
Connecticut, was ordained minister of the church
(1 688) and preached there until his death twenty-
five years later. His part in the founding of Yale
was not conspicuous, but he took an active part in
the earlier meetings of its Trustees and was ac-

JOSEPH E. SHEFFIELD

they fitted out and maintained an armed vessel in
the interest of the Colonial service. His mother,
whose maiden name was Mabel Thorpe, was a
daughter of Captain Walter Thorpe, also a ship-
owner of Southport. The Milan and Berlin decrees
of Napoleon proved financially disastrous to both
the Sheffields and the Thorpes, and young Joseph
was permitted at his own request to take a clerkship

UNIFERSiriES AND THEIR SONS

in the store of Stephen Fouler at Newbern, North
Carolina. He latar became a partner in a New
York mercantile house, and after managing the
Newbern branch for some time the business was
reraoi'ed to Mobile, Alabama, where he subse-
quently engaged extensively in the cotton trade.
Returning north in 1835 he settled in New Haven,
where he resided for the rest of his life, but contin-
ued in business and was actively concerned in a
number of important enterprises, including the New
Haven & Northampton Canal, and the New York
& New Haven Railroad. He also built the Chicago
& Rock Island Railroad. In 1S60 the Scientific
Department of Yale, which now bears his name,
was through his munificence reorganized and en-
larged. Previous to his death his gifts to the
Sheffield Scientific School of Y'ale amounted to
about $400,000, and in his will he seems to have
regarded it as one of his children, as he allotted to
it a seventh of his estate, or no less than $500,000.
He also made liberal donations to other Colleges,
seminaries and religious institutions. In 1822 he
married Miss Maria, daughter of Colonel J. T. St.
John, of Walton, Delaware county. New York. Mr.
Sheffield died in February 1882.

SALTONSTALL, Gurdon, 1666-1724.

Born in Haverhill, Mass., i656; graduated at Har-
vard. 1684 ; studied theology; Pastor at New London,
Conn., i6gi : Governor of Connecticut ; set up the first
printing-press in the Colony ; one of the founders of
Yale; died in New London, Conn.. 1724.

GURDON SALTONSTALL, Governor of Con-
necticut, and one of the Founders of Yale,
was born in Haverhill, Massachusetts, March 27,
1666, son of Nathaniel Saltonstall, and great-grand-
son of Sir Richard Saltonstall, one of the patentees
of Connecticut and also one of the grantees of the
Massachusetts Company under the charter obtained
by Charles I. He was graduated at Harvard in
1684, studied theology, and in 1691 was ordained
minister of New London. During the illness of
Governor Fitz-John \Vinthrop, Mr. Saltonstall, who
was the Governor's pastor, acted as his chief adviser
and representative ; and on the Governor's death
was chosen by the Assembly as his successor, enter-
ing on his functions January i, 1708, and being
confirmed in office at the regular election in the
following May. He held the gubernatorial chair
by annual re-election until his death which took
place in New London September 20, 1724. Gover-

nor Saltonst;:ll set up in his house in 1709 the first
printing-jiress in the Colony. He was active and
prominent in the establishment of Yale, influencing
the decision to build the College at New Haven
instead of Hartford, making the plans and estimates,
and during the early years of the institution taking
the chief part in the direction of its affairs.

STAPLES, Seth Perkins, 1776-1861.

Born in Canterbury, Conn , 1776; graduated at Yale.
1797; received the M.A. degree; studied law; admitted
to the Conn Bar ; practised law at New Haven ; estab-
lished a Law School. 1818 ; began practice of law in
New York City, 1824; died in New York City, 1861.

SETH PERKINS STAPLES, M.A., whose jiri-
vate law school was the predecessor of the
Yale Law School, was the son of Rev. John Staples
(College of New Jersey, 1765). He was born in

SF.TH P. ST.VPLES

Canterbnn,% Connecticut, September i, 1776, and
was graduated from Yale in 1797. In iSoi he was
the orator of Phi P.eta Kapjia and received the
degree of ALaster of Arts from Yale. .After studying
law for two years in tlie office of Judge Daggett in
New Haven, Mr. Staples was admitted to the Con-
necticut Par. He began his practice in New H.aven
and imported from England a very complete law
library, much the best at that time in New England.

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

This library drew around him a mimber of law-
students, and in iSiS, he opened a private law
school. Most of the students were resident gradu-
ates of the College. One of them writes as follows
of Mr. Staples : " Those who only saw hiui in the
conflicts of the Bar and heard his bitter sarcasms
could form no true estimate of his character. They
saw nothing of his kindlier nature and social quali-
ties as exhibited in the office and the recitation
room. As a teacher he exerted a magnetism over
his students unsurpassed by any man I ever knew,
a magnetism that drew his pupils into a thorough
study of first principles." In 1824 Mr. Staples
removed to New York, leaving his school to Samuel
J. Hitchcock and Hon. David Daggett. In 1826
the latter became Professor of Law in the College,
but the Law School was not formally placed under
the control of the College Corporation until 1843.
Mr. Staples remained in full practice in New York
until 1856. He had married in 1799, Catherine,
daughter of Professor S. Wales of New Haven, who
had three sons and three daughters. Mr. Staples
died in New York, November 6, 1861. His por-
trait, presented by his son, hangs in the Yale Law
School.

was made Librarian of the New Redwood Library
and, besides his work as a minister, became an
authority in Hebrew, Astronomy and tleography.
l!y these studies he became acquainted with many
learned men, among them Dr. Franklin. His
learning was also recognized among the Colleges ;
Harvard gave him (1754) the degree of Master of
Arts; the University of Edinburgh (17C5); Dart-
mouth and Princeton made him a Doctor of
Divinity, and Princeton gave him the degree of
Doctor of Laws. At the beginning of the Revolu-
tion his church was scattered and l.e was obliged to

STILES, Ezra, 1727-1795.

Born in North Haven, Conn., 1727; graduated at
Yale, 1746; Tutor, 1749; studied law; Attorney, 1753;
Pastor at Newport, 1755; Librarian of the New Red-
wood Library ; received the MA. degree from Har-
vard, 1754, University of Edinburgh, 1765; received D.D.
degree from Dartmouth and Princeton, and LL.D.
from Princeton; President of Yale, 1778; Professor
of Divinity; died in New Haven, Conn., 1795.

EZRA STILES, D.D., LL.D., seventh Presi-
dent of Yale, was born at North Haven,
Connecticut, November 29, 1727. His father.
Rev. Isaac Stiles, was a man of great ability and
under his teaching the son prepared for College.
He entered Yale in 1743, and upon his graduation
in 1746 continued his studies in New Haven. In
1749 he was chosen a Tutor and licensed to preach,
but increasing doubts and weakness of health turned
him aside from the ministry. He took up the
study of law, and (1753) was made an Attorney.
He soon regained his health and conquered his
doubts and in 1755 resigned his Tutorship and
practice, accepting a call to the Second Church of
Newport. There he preached for twenty years and
was greatly loved and respected both for his great
learning and for his broad and kindly spirit. He

EZRA STILES

leave Newport. He settled at Dighton (1775) and
then at Portsmouth, New Hampshire (1777).
LTpon the resignation of Dr. Daggett (1777), Dr.
Stiles was elected President of Yale. On July 8,
I 7 78, he entered the office both of President, and of
Professor of Ecclesiastical History. During his
Presidency he also served as Professor of Divinity
and lectured on philosophy and astronomy. In
spite of the disturbances caused by the war his
administration was very successful. He broadened
the course of study, ended the long controversy
between the General Assembly and the College and
greatly increased its popularity through New
England, while by his own wide learning and corre-
spondence he also increased its reputation abroad.
His successor, Dr. Dwight, said of him, — " Dr.

UNIVERSiriES /IND I HEIR SONS

(ilijccts. To him \.\\v is indebted for one of its
important (IcparlnK'nls, tiie School of l-"ine Arts, and

Stiles was probably the most learned man in time in tri\ el, ami devoting himself to art study an<i
America, at the time of his death." Although the modern languages. Of the fortune whicli Mr.
simple and unassuming in character he was very Street inherited he gave largely to benevolent
careful about details of official dignity anil thus
preserved many old customs of the College. His
interest in Colonial History also led him to write an
History of three of the Judges of King Charles I,
Dixwell, Goffe and Whalley. Dr. Stiles clearly fore-
saw and favored the American Revolution and his
letters and sermons at Newiiort were full of the
spirit of liberty. As President i)f \'ale liis teaching
was inspiring and patriotic. Chancellor Kent said
of him, " A more constant and de\'oted friend of the
Revolution and Independence of this country never
existed." President Stiles tlied in New Haven,
May 12, 1795. He was twice married, first to
Elizabeth Hubbard who bore him six da\ighters and
two sons. After her death (r 775), he married (17S2)
Mrs. Mary Checkley. He left forty five volumes of
his work in manuscript to the College, which also
owns his portrait and a large number of his letters.

WEBB, Joseph, 1666 (?)- 1732.

Born in Stamford, Conn., 1666 (?) ; graduated at
Harvard, 1684; Pastor at Fairfield, Conn.; Trustee of
Yale ; died in Fairfield, Conn., 1732.

JOSEPH WEBB, the youngest of the original
Trustees of Yale, was the son of Joseph Webb
of Stamford, Connecticut, and was born in 1666 ( ?).
He went through Harvard, graduating in 1684. He
became Pastor of Christ's Church in Fairfield,
Connecticut, in 1692, married Elizabeth Nichols of
Stratford, Connecticut, who bore liim several
children, and resided in Fairfield until his death,
September 19, 1732.

AUGUSTUS R. STREET

partial provision for its endowment. Mr. Street
also founded the Street Professorship of Modern
Languages at Yale, and in his will provided for the
establishment of the Titus Street Professorship in
the Theological Department. He died in New
Haven, )une 12, 1S66.

STREET, Augustus Russell, 1791 1866.

Born in New Haven, Conn , 1791 ; graduated at Yale,
1812 ; studied art and the modern languages in Europe ;
endowed the School of Fine Arts ; founded the Street
Professorship of Modern Languages ; by his will
provided for the Titus Street Professorship in the
Theological Department ; died in New Haven, Conn.,
1866.

AUGUSTUS RUSSELL STREET, Benefactor
of Yale, was born in New Haven, Connecticut,
November 5, 1 791, and was graduated at Yale in
181 2. He studied law, but was prevented by feeble'
health from practising his profession, and remained
an invalid for the greater part of his life. For several
years he resided in Europe, spending much of his

WILLIAMS, Elisha, 1694-1755.

Born in Hatfield, Mass., 1694; graduated at Harvard,
1711 ; studied divinity with his father; taught the
students of Yale who had withdrawn from Saybrook ;
member of the General Assembly of Conn. ; Pastor at
Newington Parish. 1722 ; Rector of Yale, 1725 ; resigned
in 1739; member of General Assembly, Speaker of the
House; Judge of the Superior Court; Chaplain of
the Conn, troops ; Colonel and Commander-in-Chief
of the Conn, forces for the projected invasion of
Canada; delegate to the Continental Congress at
Albany, N. Y., 1754 ; died in Wethersfield, Conn., 1755.

ELISHA WILLIAMS, fourth Rector of Yale,
was born in Hatfield, Massachusetts, in
August, 1694. His parents were Rev. William
^Villiams and F.lizabeth Cotton, granddaughter of

UNIFERSiriES AND THEIR SONS

John Cotton and of Governor Bradstreet. Like
his three predecessors in office he was educated at
Harvard, graduating in 171 1. After studying di-
vinity with his father he removed to Wethersfield,
Connecticut, and there upon February 23, 17 13-14,
married Eunice Chester and settled down upon a
farm. He soon began the study of law with the
intention of practising, but in 17 16 he was asked
by the two Trustees of the College, who had disap-
proved of its removal to New Haven, to take charge
of the students who had withdrawn from Saybrook.
He taught them for the next two years and also

ELISHA WILLIAMS

for four years represented his town in the General
Assembly. In 1718, he was asked by the Trustees
of Yale to come to New Haven, as Senior Tutor but
declined. In 1720, he was called to the ministry
by Newington Parish and after organizing a regular
church he was ordained and installed as its Pastor
in 1722. His known success in teaching, his ac-
quaintance and wide popularity among civilians as
well as among the clergy, and the proiiiinence of
his family in Massachusetts made him the logical
candidate for the vacant Rectorship, and on Sep-
tember 13, 1725, he was inducted into office. From
the very start his success in administrating the
affairs of the College was great. Endowed with
great personal magnetism he won the friendship

and respect of the students and repressed the dis-
order and vice which had grown up in the long
interregnum after Rector Cutler's resignation. He
made important changes in the College studies, pay-
ing special attention to rhetoric and oratory. By
his wide connections and social rank he also en-
larged the field from which the students were drawn.
His Rectorship was also marked by many important
gifts to the College by friends in England. In i 739,
on account of ill-health and over-work, he resigned
the Rectorship and returned to Wethersfield, imme-
diately entering jiolitical life again. He was sent to
the next session of the General Assembly and at once
elected Speaker of the House and was also placed on
the Superior Court. During the rest of his life he
represented his town at twenty-two Sessions of the
Assembly, at five of which he was chosen Speaker.
The Judgeship he retained for only three years. In
1745, he was sent to Boston with Jonathan Trum-
bull to represent the Connecticut Colonies in a
conference with General Shirley, in regard to the
proposed expedition against Louisburg and at the
suggestion of Sir William Pepperrell, wlio was much
impressed by his conversation he accompanied the
expedition as Chaplain of the Connecticut troops.
In I 746, the Assembly appointed him Colonel and
Commander-in-Chief of the Connecticut forces
raised for the projected invasion of Canada. In
1749, he went to England to obtain money ad-
vanced by himself and others in order to jiay tiie
soldiers in his command. While in England he
learned of tlie death of his wife, and after a short
interval married Miss Elizabeth Scott, only daughter
of the Rev. Thomas Scott, the famous Commenta-
tor. On his return to Connecticut in 1752, he
settled as a merchant in Wethersfield, and in 1754,
was appointed as one of the three Connecticut dele-
gates to the Continental Congress at Albany. He
died on July 24, 1755, after a life of most varied
pursuits and incessant activity. He touched life
on many sides, with uniform success and esteem.
Dr. Doddridge describes him well : " He has ... a
certain nobleness of soul, capable of contriving and
acting the greatest things without seeming to be
conscious of havina; done them."

WOODBRIDGE, Timothy, 1656-1732.

Born in Barford. St. Martin's, Wilts, Eng., 1C56;
graduated at Harvard, iCys ; Pastoral Hartford, Conn.,
1683 ; introduced infant baptism into Conn. ; member
of the Saybrook Convention, 1708; Trustee and Fellow
of Yale ; died in Hartford, Conn., 1732.

UNIFERSI^riES .mi) ril/'./K SOiYS

TIMOTHY \\()()l)l!Rll)t;i:. one of tlie ten
clergymen who met in the house at Hran-
ford, Connecticut, and took the iirehminary steps
for the estabhshment of Vale, was born in Harford,
St. Martin's, \\"ilts, England, January 13, 1656, and
was graduated at Harvard in 1675. In 1683 he
became Minister of the I'irst Church in Hartford,
Connecticut, althougli not ordained until two years
later. He introduced infant baptism into Connecti-
cut, was a prominent member of the Saybrook Con-
vention in 1 70S, and served the Colony in manv
important political affairs. In 1699 he was one of
the ten principal ministers of Connecticut Colony
that were named as Trustees and authorized by the
General Assembly to found Vale, ami from 1700 to
1732 was a Fellow of that institution. He died in
Hartford, April 30, 1732.

WOOLSEY, Theodore Dwight, 1801-1889.

Born in New York City, i8oi ; graduated at Yale,
1820 ; studied law at Philadelphia ; studied theology at
Princeton; Tutor at Yale, 1823; Professor of Creek,
1831 ; President of Yale, 1846 ; Regent of the Smith-
sonian Institute ; President of the American Home
Missionary Association; Vice-President of the Orien-
tal Society, 1871-1881 ; Chairman of the American
Company of Revisers of the New Testament ; received
the LL.D. degree from Wesleyan, 1845, Harvard, 1847 !
established the Freshman Scholarship which bears his
name ; presented his Greek Library to Vale ; died in
New Haven, Conn , 1889.

THEODORE DWIGHT \\-OOLSEV, D.D.,
LL.D., tenth President of Vale, was born in
New York City, October 31, iSoi. His father was
William Walter Woolsey, a New York merchant, and
the grandson of Rev. Benjamin Woolsey (Yale 1709)
who was in turn the grandson of George \\''oolsey,
the first of the family to settle in America ; his
mother was Elizabeth Dwight, sister of President
Timothy Dwight of Yale. He graduated from Yale
in 1820, the valedictorian of his class. After reading
law for a year in the office of Charles Chauncey in
Philadelphia he began the study of theology at
Princeton and remained there until (1823) he was
elected a Tutor at Yale. In 1825, he was licensed
to preach but stayed in New Haven for further theo-
logical study. In 1827, he went abroad and spent
the next three years in travel in Germany, France
and Italy, and in the study of Greek at Bonn, Leipsic
and Berlin. Shortly after his return to New Haven,
he was elected (1831) first Professor of a newly
established Chair of Gieek. He taught with great
success until 1846, publishing meanwhile the texts,

witli luiglisli notes, of l!uripides' .Mceslis; Sophocles'
Antigone ; Aeschylus' I'ronutheus ; Sophocles' J-:iec-
tra and the Gorgias of Plato. In 1S45, he trav-
elled extensively in England, Italy and (irecce. In
1S46, upon the resignation of President Day, Pro-
fessor Woolsey was elected President of Yale, being
ordained at the time of his inauguration, in order to
preserve the unbroken custom that the President
of Yale should be a clergyman. The College was
peculiarly fortunate, at a time when .American Col-
leges were coming into closer contact with the
methods and spirit of Continental L niversilies, to

THEdUORK D. WOOIJSEY

obtain so ripe and thorough a scholar for its head.
His administration was vigorous and particularly
successful in bringing the whole body of students
under a broader culture. Presitlent Woolsey in-
creased greatly the thoroughness of the examinations
and reorganized the work of Senior year, resigning
his own Professorship of Greek and giving much of
his time to the teaching of the Senior class in liistory,
political science and international law. During
these years his literary activity was gre.at. He had
helped to establish the New Englander and his con-
tributions to it were more than sixty in number,
many of them the result of most thorough original
research. He also published his inaugural address
on College Education; an Historical Discourse
upon Yale College ; an Introduction to the Study

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

of International Law, republished in England and
translated into Chinese antl Japanese ; an Essay on
Divorce Legislation; a volume of sermons 'I'he
Religion of the Present and the Future ; Political
Science ; Communism and Socialism ; and Helpful
Thoughts for Young Men. He also edited new edi-
tions with notes, of Professor Francis Lieber's Civil
Liberty and Self Ciovernment and his I\Lanual of
Political Ethics, and wrote many articles for John-
son's Encyclopaedia, of which he was an Editor.
President Woolsey's interests outside the College
were wide ; he was for several years a Regent of the
Smithsonian Institute, at one time President of the
American Home Missionary Association, Vice-Presi-
dent of the Oriental Society and for ten years
(1S71-18S1) Chairman of the American Company
of Revisers of the New Testament. He was given
the degree of Doctor of Laws by Wesleyan in 1S45,
and that of Doctor of Divinity by Harvard in 1847,
and of Doctor of Laws in 1886 at the tivo hundred
and fiftieth anniversary of the founding of Harvard.
In 1 87 1, at the age of seventy. President Woolsey
resigned his office but retained his seat in the Cor-
poration until 1884, and his interest and work for
the College until his death. He spent the last years
of his life in New Haven, studying, writing and giving
occasional instruction in the Law School. After a
gradual failure of his powers through old age he died
on July I, 18S9, as calmly and quietly as he had
lived. His last words were, " My work is done and
I am ready, (iod bless you all and God bless dear
old Yale." President Woolsey's liberality to the
College was great. He established the Freshman
Scholarship bearing his name ; in 1886 he presented
his Greek library of nearly a thousand volumes to
the College Library, and later made several large
contributions of books besides giving §3,000 toward
the library building. The College has honored his
memory by a window in Battell Chapel, and by a
bronze statue of heroic size upon the Campus. His
portrait also hangs in Alumni Hall. His successor,
Noah Porter, said of him, " Few men have been
more distinguished in this country for eminence in
so great a variety of departments of scholarship and
culture, and few men have secured for themselves the
solid respect of so great a number of their country-
men for high personal and moral excellence."

at Madras ; President or Governor of Madras ; endowed
the College at New Haven, Conn. ; Yale named in his
honor, 1718; died in London, Eng., 1721.

ELIHU YALE, Governor of Madras and bene-
factor of the College which was named in
his lionor, was born in Boston, probably in 1649.
His f;ither was David Yale, a merchant, whose
mother had married Governor Theophilus Eaton of
New Haven. In 1651 David Yale returned to
London, his family following him the next year.
There Elihu was educated, attending for a short
time the school of William Dugard, a graduate of

YALE, Elihu, 1649-1721.

Born in Boston, Mass . probably in 1649 ; graduated
at Cambridge, Eng. ; entered business as a merchant

ELIHU V.\LE

Cambriilge and a friend of Milton. About 1670 he
emigrated to Madras to make his fortune as a mer-
chant. He entered the employ of the East India
Company as an apprentice, probably, and rose
through the offices of writer, factor and merchant to
that of senior member of the Council. On July 23,
1687, the Directors of the Company at London
made him Presitlent or (^lOvernor of Madras, the
absolute ruler of a district containing three hundred
thousand people. This office he held through the
stormy times of invasion by the great Mogul and of
attacks by the French settlers on the south and
through the stormier times of fiercest quarrels
between himself and his subordinates in the Coun-
cil. Meanwhile Governor Yale was gaining great
wealth by private trade until in 1691, he states his

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

fortune as some ^140,000, an enormous sum for
that time. But his great wealtii and his quarrels in
the Council alarmed the Directors at home and after
five years of rule, in November 1692, his successor
was appointed. After a long time spent in settling
his accounts with the Company he sailed in 1699
for England. During his absence his father had
died, leaving his properly to his son, and Covernor
Yale chose as his residence the house, Plasgronow,
which his father had bought in Wrexham. He also
built a large town house in London and lived the
life of a wealthy retired merchant. In May 171 1
Mr. Jeremiah Dummer, agent at London for the
Province of Massachusetts Bay, wrote the Rev.
James Pierpont, first Rector of the " Collegiate
School," which was to become Yale College, " Here
is Mr. Yale, formerly Governor of Fort St. Ceorge in
the Indies, who has got a prodigious estate and now
sends for a relative of his from Connecticut to make
him his heir, having no son. He told me lately
that he intended to bestow a charity upon some
College in Oxford — but I think he should much
rather do it to your College, seeing he is a New
England, and I think a Connecticut man. If there-
fore, when his kinsman comes over, you will write
him a proper letter on that subject, I will take care
to press it home." Dummer probably kept his
promise for about this time Governor Yale showed
his interest in the College by presenting to it thirty
or forty books, a remarkably well chosen collection.
In 1 7 16 when the College was moved to New
Haven and the huge wooden " College House" was
raised, the Trustees found themselves without funds
to finish it. They appealed to Dr. Cotton Mather
of Boston to help them and on January 14, 17 18,
he wrote to Governor Yale in these historic words,
"Sir, though you have felicities in your family,
which, I pray, God continue and multiply, yet cer-
tainly, if what is forming at New Haven might wear
the name of Va/f Co/kgc, it would be better than a
name of sons and daughters. And your munificence
might easily obtain for you a commemoration and
perpetuation of your valuable name which would
indeed be much better than an Egyptian pyramid."
This letter, with Dummer's efforts, was most success-
ful. On June 11 there were shipped to Boston
three bales of goods to be sold for the benefit of the
College and with them a portrait of George I by,
Kneller (still to be seen in the Yale .Art School), an
escutcheon of the royal arms, and a large box of
books, all valued at ;^8oo. It was a munificent gift
for those times, in fact the largest which the College

received for more than a century. News of this gift
reached New Haven a few days before Commence-
ment and great was the rejoicing. The Trustees, in
the presence of Ciovernor Saltonstall, the Lieutenant-
Governor and the whole Superior Court, first most
solemnly " named our C'ollege by the name of Yale
College." They then sent a fulsome letter of thanks,
at which, says Dummer, (jovernor Yale was much
pleased. In February 1721, he sent more goods
valued at ^100 and promised Dummer to "send
^200 sterling per annum during his life and make a
settled annual inovision to take place after his
death." But, as Dummer added, " old gentlemen
are forgetful," and this promise was never carried out.
On July S, 1721, ]'',lihu \'ale died at his London
house. He was burieil in Wrexham cluirch yard,
where his altar-tomb still stamls. It bears this
famous epitaph :

" Born in .Anieiici. in Europe bred,
In Afric travell'd and in .\sia wed,
Where long he lived and tliiived; in London dead.
Much good, some ill. he did, so ho|)es all 's even.
And that his soul thio nieicy 's gone to heaven.
Vou that survive and read this lale take care
For this most certain e.\it to prepare.
Where blest in peace the actions of the just
Smell sweet and blossom in the silent dust."

He had married in Madras, Catherine Hynmers by

whom he had a son who died in infancy and three

daughters. The eldest married Dudley North and

their grandson, Dudley Long North, was Elihu

Yale's last direct descenilant. He was a member of

Parliament, and a friend of Dr. Johnson. In 1789

he presented to the College the famous portrait of

Elihu Yale, which now hangs in Alumni Hall.

MATHER, Samuel, 1650-1728.

Born in Dorchester, Mass., 1650; graduated at Har-
vard, 1671 ; Pastor at Windsor, Conn., 1682 ; Trustee 01
Yale, 1701-1724; died in Windsor, Conn, 1728.

SAMUEL MATHER, Trttstee of Yale, was born
in Dorchester, Massachusetts, July 5, 1650,
son of Rev. Timothy Mather, and grandson of Rev.
Richard Mather, the progenitor of the .Mather fainily
in New England. He was graduated at Han'ard in
1671, and in 1682 was ordained Pastor of the Con-
gregational Church in ^\■indsor, ('onnecticut, which,
then in a weak and ununited condition, was brought
under his charge to a state of unity and prosperity.
He was the author of several religious books, and
was for many years (i 701-17 24) an influential
Trustee of ^"ale. He died in Windsor, Connecticut,
March iS, 1728.

UNIVERSITIES AND rHEIR SONS

ALEXANDER, Archibald, 1772-1851.

Born in Virginia, 1772 ; attended Academy of Rev.
William Graham now Washington and Lee Uni-
versity; Tutor in private family; licensed to preach,
1751 ; President Hampden Sydney College, Va. ; Pas-
tor of Pine St. Presbyterian church, Phila. ; received
D, D. degree from Princeton, 1810; Professor in
Princeton Theological Seminary ; Trustee of Prince-
ton, 1824-51 ; died in Princeton, N. J., 1851.

ARCHIBALD ALKXANDER, D.D., Trustee of
Princeton, was born April 17, 1772, son of
W illiam .Mcxander, a farmer of Rockbridge county,
Virginia ; he died in Princeton, New Jersey, October

became President of Hampden Sydney College,
\irginia, but resigned in 1801 and visited New
York antl New Kngland. Subsequently he resumed
his Presidency, but soon after again retired, and in
1807 became Pastor of the Pine Street Presbyterian
Church in Philadelphia. In 18 10 the degree of
Doctor of Divinity was conferred upon him by the
College of New Jersey. On the organization of the
Theological Seminary at Princeton, in 1S12, he was
unanimously chosen as the leading Professor. As
the number of students increased and other Pro-
fessors were added to the faculty, he directed his
attention more particularly to the department of
pastoral and polemic theology, in promoting which,
together with the general interests of the institution,
he labored with zeal and success until his death, a
period of nearly forty years. From 1824 until his
death he officiated as a Trustee of Princeton College.
Dr. Alexander's powers both for pulpit oratory and
polemic disijuisition were extraordinary. His in-
dustry was great, and from 1829 to 1850 scarcely
a number of the Princeton Review appeared with-
out an article from his pen. His published works
are many, the first of which, Outlines of the Evi-
dences of Christianity, has been translated into
various foreign languages and is used as a text-
book in Colleges. Among his posthumous works
was a collection of Biographical Sketches of Dis-
tinguished American Clergymen and Alumni of the
College of New Jersey.

ARCHIBALD ALEXANDER

2 2, 1 85 1. His grandfather, of Scottish descent,
came from Ireland to Pennsylvania in 1736 remov-
ing to Virginia two years later. Archibald attended
the academy of Rev. William Graham, which
subsequently developed into Washington and Lee
L' niversity — and at the age of seventeen became
a Tutor in a private family, but after a few months
resumed his studies with his former teacher. Be-
coming influenced at this time by the remarkable
movement still spoken of as " the great revival," he
turned his attention to the study of divinity, and
was licensed to preach in 1791. In 1794 he was
ordained by the Presbytery of Hanover, and for
seven years was an itinerant Pastor in Charlotte and
Prince Edward counties, Virginia. In 1796 he

BELCHER, Jonathan, 1681-1757.

Born in Mass., 1681 ; graduated at Harvard, 1699;
entered business; Agent of the Colony to England,
1729; Governor of Mass. and N. H.; Governor of N.
J., 1747 ; died at Elizabethtown, N. J., 1757.

JONATHAN BELCHER, Benefactor of Harvard
and Princeton, and Colonial Governor of the
Provinces of Massachusetts, New Hampshire and
New Jersey, was a native of Massachusetts. He was
born January 8, 1681, son of Andrew Belcher, a
member of the Provincial Council, and a gentleman
of large estate ; he died in Elizabethtown, New
Jersey, August 31, 1757. He was graduated at
Harvard in 1699, and then spent a period of several
years in Europe, where in his visits to the Court of
Hanover he made the acquaintance of the Princess
Sophia and her son, afterwards George I. of Eng-
land, and thus prepared the way for his future
advancement. On his return he established him-
self as a merchant in Boston. In 1729 he was sent

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

to Engl.ind as the Agent of the Colony, nml on the terian church, N. Y. City; Trustee of Princeton, 1851-
death of Governor Ihirnet in i 730, lie was appointed

Governor of ^[assachusett.s and New Hampshire,
which office he filled for eleven years, distinguishing

JCINATHAN BKI.CHKR

himself by his hospitahty and style of living. He
was throughout his administration an active pro-
moter of the interests of Harvard. In 1747 he
was appointed Governor of New Jersey. Here his
government was successful, for although he found
the province in confusion and the two branches of
the Legislature at odds, his prudence and firmness
went far to harmonize matters, and brought about a
state of comparative tranquillity. He enlarged the
Charter of the College of New Jersey, and was its
chief patron anil benefactor, donating to it, besides
other presents, his valuable library.

59 ; died in Red Sweet Springs, Va., 1859.

J.\MKS\\".M)l)i:i, .\I.i;.\AXi)i;R, D.D., Tutor
and Professor in Princeton and 'Irustee of tliat
institution, was born near Gordonsvillc, Louisa
county, Virginia, March 13, 1804; died in Red
Sweet Springs, Virginia, July 31, 1859. He was
the son of Dr. Archibald Alexander and Janetia
Waddel, daugliter of the Rev. Dr. Waddel, the
celebrateil blind preacher. He receiveil liis aca-
demical training in I'liiladelphia, was graduated at
Princeton in 1820, and studied theol(.>gy in Princeton
Seminary. Subseijuently lu- was ajipointed a Tutor
in the College. In 1S24 he was licensed to preach
by the Presbytery of New lirunswick, and from
1825 to 1828 was in charge of a church in Charlotte
county, Virginia. From 182S to 1830 he was
Pastor of the First Presbyterian Church in Trenton,
New Jersey ; but his health failing, he resigned, and
for some time thereafter edited 'I'hc Presbyterian
in Philadelphia. In 1833 he became I'rofessor of
Rhetoric and Belles-lettres in Princeton, and filled
this position until 1844, when he assumed charge

JAMES W. ALEXANDER

ALEXANDER, James Waddel, 1804-1859.

Born near Gordonsville, Va , 1804 ; received his aca-
demical training at Phila. ; graduated at Princeton,
1820 ; studied theology in Princeton Seminary ; licensed
to preach, 1824 ; Pastor First Presbyterian church in

Trenton, N. J. ; Editor The Presbyterian in Phila. ; of the Duane Street Church in New Vork City.
Prof. Rhetoric and Belles-lettres at Princeton I Pastor I"romi844 to 185 I he was Professor of Fcclesias-
Duane St. Church in N. Y. City; Prof. Ecclesiastical ^.^_^j ^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^^^,^^ Government in Princeton

History and Church Government in Princeton Theo- ■' 1 1 ■ 1 .1

logical Seminary ; Pastor of the Fifth Avenue Presby- T'heological Scmmary, and from 1 85 I until his death

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

was a Trustee of Princeton College. In 1S51 he
was called to the Pastorate of the Fifth Avenue
Presbyterian Church in New York, which he held
during the remainder of his life. Forty Years'
Familiar Letters of James W. Alexander was pub-
lished by the then surviving correspondent, the late
Rev. Jolni Hall, D.D.

BOUDINOT, Elias, 1740-1821.

Born in Philadelphia, Penn., 1740; practised Law in
New Jersey; was Commissary-General of Prisoners
during the Revolutionary War: President of the Con-
tinental and member of the first three National Con-
gresses ; devoted much time and wealth to benevolent
and philanthropic work; Trustee and Benefactor of
Princeton; a writer of celebrity ; died, 1821.

LIAS BOUDINOT, LL.D., Trustee of Prince-
ton, was the great-grandson of a French
Huguenot of the same name who subsequent to the
Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, took refuge in

a member of the first three Federal Congresses and
Director of the United States Mint at Philadelphia,
from 179s to 1805. He contributed liberally to
foreign missions and to the American Bible Society,
of which latter he was the first President, and his
generosity toward objects of philanthropy and benev-
olence required the expenditure of large sums from
his ample fortune. Among the many bequests was
one of thirteen thousand acres of land to be used
for providing the poor of Philadelphia with fire-wood
at a nominal price ; another of three thousand acres
to the Philadelphia Hospital for the benefit of for-
eigners, and another of $200 to purchase spec-
tacles for the aged poor. Dr. Boudinot served upon
the Board of Trustees of Princeton from 1772 until
his death, which occurred October 24, 1S21, and he
increased its facilities by the presentation of a zoo-
logical cabinet. He was the author of : The .■Xge of
Revelation, a reply to Paine's Age of Reason ; an
Oration before the Society of the Cincinnati ; Second
Advent of the Messiah ; Star in the West, or an
Attempt to Discover the long-lost Tribes of Israel ;
and a Memoir of the Rev. William Tennent, D.D.,
published anonymously in the Evangelical Intelli-
gencer.

ELIAS BOUDINOT

America. Born in Philadelphia, May 2, 1740, he
acquired a liberal education both classical and legal.
He engaged in the practice of his profession at Bur-
lington, New Jersey, and became one of the most
distinguished lawyers of his day. During the War for
Independence, he served as Commissary-General of
Prisoners. As President of the Continental Con-
gress he signed the Treaty with Great Britain ; was

BRACKETT, Cyrus Fogg, 1833-

Born in Parsonsfield, Me., 1833 ; prepared for College
at the common school and at Parsonsfield Academy ;
graduated from Bowdoin, Class of 1859 ; graduated in
Medicine at the Maine Medical School (Bowdoin) in
1863 ; appointed to a Chair of Instruction in Bowdoin
in 1863, and continued in the service of the College
until 1873; in 1873 accepted the Henry Professorship
of Physics in Princeton which chair he still fills.

CYRUS FOGG BRACKEIT, M.D., LL.D.,
Henry Professor of Physics at Princeton,
was born in Parsonsfield, Maine, June 25, 1833, son
of John and Jemima (Lord) Brackett. His paternal
grandfather, John Brackett, traced his ancestry back
to the progenitor of all the Bracketts in this country,
who was in the early Massachusetts settlement and
whose remains lie in an old burial ground at Quincy,
Massachusetts. His maternal grandfather was the
Rev. Wentworth Lord, who served in the Revolu-
tionary Army and was present with Washington at
the surrender of the British forces. Professor
Brackett was prepared for College at the common
school of his native town and at Parsonsfield Semi-
nary. He graduated from Bowdoin in the Class of
1859, and afterwards studied medicine at the Maine
Medical School (Bowdoin) , from which he graduated

UNIl'hlRSiriES ,1ND fllEIli SONS

(^s

1111863. He was appointed to a cliair of instruction after his grand-uncle, Arnold Cuyot, the scic-ntisl.
in liowdoin in 1S63, and continued in the service of On the paternal side he is of Scotch descent, and
the College until 1873. At the commencement of on the maternal side he is of Swiss descent, since
the Academic year 1S73, he accepted the Henry the year 1400, also h'rench Huguenot, the maternal

line having been driven from France into Switzer-
land in 1 686, after the Revocation of the lulict of
Nantes, in October 16S5. In his early youth he
stuilied in I'airopc and America, entered Princeton
in 1S82, and graduated in the Class of 1S86, when
he received the only ilouble honor in his Class, in
Greek and in I'aiglish. In his Senior year he won
the Knglish Literature prize, was for three consecu-
tive years prize medallist of the American \\'hig
Society, one of the two great literary societies of the
University, and was an lOdiior of the Nassau J.iterary
Magazine. He spent the year 1886-1887 in grad-
uate study at Princeton, receiving the degree of
Master of .Arts in 188S. He went to Europe in
1887 and remained a \i-ar and a (|uartcr. He was
called thence to the Professorship of the French and
Oerman Language and Literature at Miami Univer-
sity, in the fall of 1888, and held this ]JOsition for
three years, when he went to \'ale as .Assistant Pro-

C. F. BRACKEIT

Professorship of Physics in Princeton, and still con-
tinues to fill this chair. In politics he is a Republi-
can. He was married in 1864 to Alice A. Briggs.
They have no children.

CAMERON, Arnold Guyot, 1864-

Born in Princeton, N. J., 1864; received his early
education at schools in Europe and in Princeton ; grad-
uated Princeton, Class of 1886 ; took post-graduate
work in Princeton, receiving the degree of Master of
Arts in 1888; went to Europe in 1887 and remained a
year and a quarter; was called thence to Miami Uni-
versity, Oxford, Ohio, as Professor of the French and
German Language and Literature, in 1888 ; received
the degree of Doctor of Philosophy from Princeton in
i8gi ; was Assistant Professor of French, but in full
charge of the Department, in the Sheffield Scientific
School, of Yale, 1891-1897; called to Princeton as Pro-
fessor of French in the John C. Green School of Science
in 1897.

ARNOLD GUYOT CAMERON, Ph.D., Pro-
fessor of French at Princeton, was born in
Princeton, New Jersey, March 4, 1864, son of Henry
Clay and Mina (Chollet) Cameron. He was named

VOL. II. — 5

A. GUYOT CAMERON

fessor of French in the Sheffield Scientific School.
This year (1891). he received the degree of Doctor
of Philosophy from Princeton, upon results of his
work, examinations and thesis in Greek, Philosophy

UNI^ERSITJES JND THEIR SONS

and Pedagogy. Since 1897 lie lias been Professor
of French in the John C Cheen School of Science
in Princeton. During the last part of his Professor-
ship at Miami, he was Clerk of the Faculty. On his
retirement from Vale, where, for his six successive
years, departing Senior Classes in the Scientific
School had voted him their brightest, most popular,
and still other qualities. Professor, the Class of
1 89 7 of the Sheffield Scientific School presented him
with a silver loving cup and deiHcated to him their
Class-Book with a beautiful tribute. Professor
Cameron has contributed various critiques and
articles to the Educational Review, New York Inde-
pendent, New York Tribune and Modern Language
Notes, has delivered numerous public addresses and
is Editor of a number of text-books in Modern Lan-
guage study. He is a member of the American
ISfodern Language Association, of the ISerzelius So-
ciety of Yale, the Princeton Club of New York, the
American Institute of AicliKology, the Colonial Club
and the Nassau Club of Princeton, and an honorary
member of the Caledonian Club of New Haven.
He is unmarried.

BURR, Aaron, 1716-1757.

Born in Fairfield, Conn., 1716; graduated at Yale,
1735; took a post-graduate course; studied theology;
Pastor at Newark, N. J. 1738; conducted a Latin
School; President of Princeton; died in Princeton,
N. J., 1757-

AARON BURR, second President of the Col-
lege of New Jersey, was born in Fairfield,
Connecticut, January 4, 1716; died September 24,
1757. He came of a Puritan family that for three
generations had given men of eminence to church
and state. He was graduated at Yale in 1735, in
liis nineteenth year, having gained one of the three
Berkeley scholarships, which entitled him to main-
tenance at the College for two years after gradua-
tion. Experiencing religion while pursuing his
post-graduate studies, he at once turned his atten-
tion to theology, and was ordained at Newark, New
Jersey, in 173S. At the age of twenty-two he be-
came Pastor of the Presbyterian Church in Newark,
where he soon acquired a wide reputation as a pulpit
orator, and where he continued for nine years, also
conducting a large and successful Latin School for
boys. He prepared for his pupils a Latin grammar
known as the " Newark Grammar " which was long
in use at Princeton. On the death of President
Dickinson in 1747, he assumed charge of the Col-

lege, and in the following year, at the age of thirty-
two, lie was elected President under the new Charter,
and for eight years he continued to serve in that
office without abandoning his pastoral labors. In
1756 he resigned his charge at Newark and took up
his residence at Princeton, where he died within a
year from overwork, leaving two children, Sarah and
.\aron. He had married, in 1752, Esther, daughter
of Jonathan Edwards of Stockbridge, Massachusetts.
President Burr, as scholar, preacher, author and
educator, was one of the foremost men of his time.
To his more solid (qualities were added a certain

AARON BURR

peculiar grace and distinguished style of manner,
which re-appeared in his son. Though nominally
the second President of Princeton, he was practi-
cally the first, since President Dickinson, his prede-
cessor, lived to serve only a few months. He was
in a true sense its founder, and the College may be
said to be his monument.

CAMERON, Henry Clay,

Born in Shepherdstown, Va. ; fitted for College at
the Academy of the Rev. James McVean, Georgetown,
D. C. ; entered Junior Class in the College of New
Jersey in 1845, and was graduated in the Centennial
Class, June, 1847; taught for three years after gradu-
ation, 1847-1850 ; studied Theology in Princeton Theo-

UNIFERSiriES AND rilEIR SONS

logical Seminary, 1850-1855 ; Joint Principal of Edgehill
or College Grammar School, 1851-1852 ; Tutor in Greek
1.1 Princeton, 1852-1855; was Adjunct Professor of
Greek, 1855-1860: spent one year 1857-1858 in study
and travel in Europe ; returned to Princeton as Asso-
ciate Professor of Greek, i85o-i86i ; Professor of Greek,
13J1-1877; has been Professor of Greek Language and
Literature since 1877; was Instructor in French from
1859 to 1868; Librarian, from 1865-1873, and has been
Clerk of the Faculty since 1882. He was licensed to
preach by the Presbytery of Philadelphia in 1859, and
was ordained by the same body in 1863. Received
honorary degrees from Princeton in 1866. from Rutgers
in 1875, and also from Wooster in 1875.

H1';NRY clay CAMERON, D.D., Professor
of Greek Language and Literature at
rrinceton, was born in Sheplierdstown, Virginia,
son of John and Anna (McFall) Cameron; his
father being a native of Virginia, and his mother
of ALaryland. He is of Scotch, Danish, German,
French (Huguenot), Enghsh, and Scotch-Irish de-
scent. The progenitor of his branch of the Clan
Cameron, family of Kin-Loch, was John, the third
son of Ewen Cameron, thirteenth of Lochiel. Llis
great-grandfather was in the battle of Culloden, his
grandfather was a soldier of the Revolution, and his
father was in the War of 181 2-1 Si 4. His elemen-
tary education was received at Shepherdstown,
Virginia and Hancock, ALaryland ; his classical
education was obtained at the Academy of the Rev.
James McYean in Georgetown, District of Columbia,
from 1840 to 1845. He entered the Junior Class
of Princeton, August 8, 1S45, and was graduated in
the Centennial Class, June 30, 1847. After gradu-
ation he taught for three years, and in 1850 began
the study of theology in Princeton Theological Sem-
inary, and while pursuing his studies there also acted
as joint Principal of Edgehill or College Grammar
School for the year 1 851-185 2, and from 1852 to
1855 was Tutor in Greek in the College. He was
promoted to Adjunct Professor of Greek in 1855, a
position he filled until i860, w'hen he was made
.Associate Professor of the same. The year 1S57-
1858 he spent in study and travel in Europe, chiefly
in Paris and Italy; was Associate Professor of Greek
in i860, and in 1861 was made Professor of the
same language in Princeton. Since 1877 he has
been Professor of Greek Language and Literature in
the University. During these years devoted to
teaching Greek, he also at one time gave instruction
in Latin, and was Instructor in French from 1859
to 1868. He was also Librarian from 1865 to 1S73,
and since 1882 has been Clerk of the Faculty. He
was licensed to preach by the Presbytery of Phila-

delphia in 1859, and was ordained by the same
body, F'ebruary i, 1863. He has received the hon-
orary degrees of Doctor of Philosophy from Prince-
ton 1866, and Doctor of Divinity from Rutgers and
Wooster in 1875. Professor Cameron has been
twice Moderator of the Presbytery of New Bruns-
wick, and twice a Commissioner to the General
.Assembly of the Presbyterian Church. In 1876 he
was appointed by President Grant, a member of the
Poard of Visitors at West Point. He is a member
and Historian of the American Whig Society (a lit-
erary society of Princeton), also Vice-President of

HENRY CI.AV CAMERON

the Princeton Battle Monument Association. Pro-
fessor Cameron has written numerous articles for
encyclopaedias and reviews, and among the addresses
that he delivered the following have been published ;
Jonathan Dickinson and the Rise of Colleges in
.Vmerica ; A Student's Reminiscences of Professor
Joseph Henry, included in the Volume on Professor
Henry published by order of Congress; \\\ address
at the inauguration of the Hon. William L. Wilson
as President of Washington and Lee University;
The History of the .American Whig Society, one of
the literary societies at Princeton ; The Battle of
Princeton, etc. ; also he was co-author with his son,
Professor Arnold Guyot Cameron, of a series of
classical maps. In politics, he is a Republican.
He was marrieil, September 14, 185S, to Mina

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

Chollet, aiul has one chikl living, Arnold Guyot
Cameron, I'h.l)., I'ro feasor of French at Princeton.

COLLINS, Varnum Lansing, 1870-

Born in Hong Kong, China, 1870; fitted for College
in London and on the European Continent ; entered
Princeton in 1888 and graduated in the Class of 1892 ;
Professor of Greek and Latin, Moores Hill College,
Ind., 1892-1893 ; took post graduate courses in modern
languages Princeton, 1893-1894; Assistant in Princeton
University Library, 1894-1896 ; Librarian's Secretary,
1896-1897 ; Reference Librarian, 1897.

VARNUM LANSING COLLINS, Reference
Librarian at Princeton, was born in Hong
Kong, China, December i, 1S70, son of the Rev.

V. LANSING COLLINS

Varnum D. Collins and Mary L. H. Ball, widow of
the Rev. John P. French. His flither comes of an
old Dutch firmily of New York, and his mother is a
descendant of the New England Balls. His early
education was obtained in London, England, with
two years of study on the European Continent. He
entered Princeton in 1888, and was graduated with
the Class of 1892. The following year he accepted
the Professorship of Greek and Latin at Moores
Hill College, Indiana. In 1S93 he returned to
Princeton for graduate study in modern languages,
after which he became Assistant in the University

Library at Princeton until 1896, when he was ap-
pointed Librarian's Secretary. In 1897 he became
Reference Librarian of the Princeton L'niversity
Library, which position he now holds. Mr. Collins
is a member of the Nassau and the Tiger Inn Clubs
of Princeton, the Princeton Club of Philadelphia,
the New Jersey Library Association, and the Ameri-
can Library Association. He is unmarried.

DUFFIELD, John Thomas, 1823-

Born in McConnellsburg, Penn., 1823; fitted for Col-
lege at the Academy at Bedford, Penn. ; entered Soph-
omore Class at Princeton 1838: graduated in the Class
of 1841 ; entered Princeton Theological Seminary in
1844, and completed theological studies while acting as
Tutor in the College; ordained by the Presbytery of
New Brunswick in 1851 ; was Pastor of the Second
Presbyterian Church of Princeton for two years ; ap-
pointed Tutor in Greek in Princeton in 1845; made
Adjunct Professor of Mathematics in 1854; and Pro-
fessor of Mathematics and Mechanics in 1862; was
Moderator of the Synod of New Jersey at its meeting
in Princeton in 1865; preached the funeral discourse of
ex-President Maclean August 13, 1880; received the
degree of D.D. from the College of New Jersey in
1873, and that of LL.D. from Lake Forest University
in i8go.

JOHN THOMAS DUFFIELD, D.D., LL.D.,
Professor of Mathematics and Mechanics at
Princeton, was born in McConnellsburg, Pennsyl-
vania, February 19, 1823, son of William and Anna
M. (Fletcher) Duffield. His great-great-grand-
father, George Duffield, came from Ballymena,
Ireland, to Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, in 1730.
His great-grandfather, William, was a member of
the Constitutional Convention of Pennsylvania in
1776. His great-grand-uncle, George, a graduate of
the College of New Jersey in 1754, was Chaplain of
the Continental Congress. Professor Dufifield was
prepared for College at the Academy in Bedford,
Pennsylvania. He entered the Sophomore Class of
the College of New Jersey in 1838, and graduated
in 1841. He entered the Princeton Theological
Seminary to prepare for the ministry, and while
pursuing his theological studies, he also acted as
Tutor in the College ; receiving the appointment of
Tutor in Greek at Princeton, 1845, and that of Ad-
junct Professor of Mathematics in 1847. On Feb-
ruary 5, 185 1, he was ordained by the Presbytery of
New Brunswick, and for two years had pastoral charge
of the Second Presbyterian Church of Princeton.
In 1S54 he was made Professor of Mathematics at
Princeton, and in 1862 Professor of Mathematics

UNIVERSmES AND THEIR SONS

and Mechanics. He received tlie degree of T)octor
of Divinity from Princeton in 1873, and that of
Doctor of Laws from Lake Forest University in 1890.
In 1 85 2, Professor Duflield published the Princeton
Pulpit ; in 1866, by request, he jiublished a Discourse
on the second Advent ; and in the same year an
article on the Discovery of the Law of Gravitation.
An article on the Philosophy of Mathematics
appeared in 1867 and was followed in 1878 by an
article on Evolutionary and Biblical Anthropology.
At the funeral of President ]\Liclean, August 13,
1 886, Professor Duffield preached the discourse,

taa

JOHX T. DUFFIELU

which was afterwards published at the request of the
Board of Trustees. He was Moderator of the
Syno<l of New Jersey at its meeting in Princeton in
1S65, and is President of the Board of Education
in Princeton. He is also a member of the Clioso-
phic Society of Princeton. \n politics he is a Re-
publican. He was married December 30, 1852, to
Sarah Elizabeth Green of Trenton, New Jersey.
Their children are: Howard, John Fletcher, Henry
Green, Helen Kennedy, Sarah Green and I^dward
Dickinson Duflield.

EDWARDS, Jonathan, 1703-1758.

Born in East Windsor, Conn., 1703: graduated at
Yale, 1720; studied theology; Pastor in N. Y. City;

Tutor at Yale; Pastor in Northampton, Mass. ; Mis-
sionary to the Housatonnuck Indians; President of
Princeton; died in Princeton, N. J., 1758.

JOX.VniAX i;i)\\\Rl)S, third President of
Princeton, was born in Ivist \\'indsor, Con-
necticut, October 5, 1703. He was tlie only son
of Rev. Timothy Edwards, who presided over the
church in ICast Windsor for nearly si.xly-four years,
and at the age of eighty-si.\ the society at his re-
quest voted to lighten his labor by providing an
Assistant Pastor; he died January 27, 1758. His
wife was a daughter of the ]<ev. Solomon Stoddard,
of Northampton, M:issachusetts, and a woman of
superior mental attainments. She died in her
ninety-ninth ye:ir. They were the j)arents of eleven
children, and Jonathan, wiio was tiie fifth born, was
graduated from Vale in 1 720, having entered College
at the age of twelve years. Moral philosophy and
divinity were his favorite studies, and becoming
thoroughly convinced of the absolute sovereignty of
God, as well as the perfect justice of salvation and
damnation, he determined to devote the rest of his
life to the ministry. After completing his theolog-
ical studies he was in 1722 called to the Pastorate
of a Presbyterian Church in the City of New York,
where he remained eight months. Returning to East
Windsor for a visit to his parents, he completed
while there, a series of seventy resolutions, embody-
ing the highest degree of perfection attainable by
mortals, and although the self-sacrifice and lofty
aspirations contained in tliem are considered beyond
the reach of ordinary people, yet they have exercised
a deep influence over the religious feelings of the
succeeding generations. Declining several calls,
including one to return to New York, he accepted a
position as Tutor at Yale, which he filled wilii marked
ability for two years, and in the summer of 1726 he
resigned in order to become the colleague of his
grandfather, Solomon Stoddard, in the Pastorate of
the church at Northampton, to which he was or-
dained in P'ebruary 1727. The death of the Senior
Pastor in 1729 left the young minister to labor
alone, and from that time forward his sermons
were not only sought for antl read by intelligent
people throughout the Colonies, but found many
admirers in the Mother Country. His settlement
in Northampton continueil without discord until
1744, when trouble arose on account of the church
refusing to investigate a charge that some of its
younger members were reailing impure books, and
the decided stand which he took in the matter
weakened his influence to a considerable extent.

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

He also condemned what was known as the " Half-
Way Covenant," favored by his predecessor, by
which unconverted people were admitted to partake
of the Lord's Supper, and their children to the right
of baptism. As the majority of the members were
in favor of the new doctrine his opposition caused a
demand for his dismissal, and after vainly trying to
effect an amicable settlement he resigned his Pastor-
ate on June 22, 1750. With a comparatively small
income besides his salary, the loss of the latter was
a severe blow to him, as at the time he had a large
family to support, but sympathizing friends in Scot-

JONATHAN EDWARDS

land sent him a sum of money to relieve his im-
mediate necessities, at the same time inviting him
to take up his residence on the other side of the
Atlantic. This proposition, together with a similar
one from Virginia, he felt himself constrained to
decline, preferring instead to accept a call from the
London Society to engage in missionary work
among the Housatonnuck Indians, and in August
1751, he, accompanied by his family, moved to
Stockbridge, Massachusetts. During the succeed-
ing seven years he preached to the Indians without
notes, and with the aid of an interpreter, his small
income as Pastor of the white settlers being some-
what augmented by the proceeds from the sale of
needle-work executed by his wife and daughters.

His stay in Stockbridge was productive of important
results apart from bringing the gospel within reach
of the savages, for the leisure at his disposal enabled
him to accomplish some of his most notable literary
efforts, and he had matured plans for no inconsider-
able amount of work, when the death of his son-in-
law. President Burr of Princeton, caused him to be
unexpectedly called to that office, and he was in-
stalled in February 1758. A severe epidemic of
small-pox numbered him among its victims in
March of the same year, and although he was per-
mitted to administer the affairs of the College but
thirty-four days, his scholarly ability became the
wonder of the students, and his influence was felt
among the Faculty and Instructors for many years
subsequent to his demise. Jonathan Edwards died
March 22, 1758, and was buried at Princeton. In
1872 a red granite monument twenty-five feet high
was erected to his memory at Stockbridge by his
descendants. His works which are numerous are
still regarded as highly instructive reading and some
of the more notable are : an elaborate discourse on
The Justification by Faith Alone ; another entitletl
Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God, which was
preached during the period of a religious revival ;
a Treatise on Religious Affections ; The Freedom
of the Will, published in 1754, and intended to
conclusively settle the main points in dispute
between the Calvinists and the Arminians, the
former of whom he favored, but opposed the latter ;
Inquiry into the Qualifications for Free Communion
in the Church ; Original Sin ; True Nature of
Christian Virtue ; Dissertation Concerning the End
for which God Created the World ; History of the
Redemption ; and A Life of David Brainard. On
July 28, 1727, he married Sarah Pierrepont, the
daughter of a Northampton clergyman. They had
a large fixmily including several sons. Timothy,
who was graduated from Princeton, was for some
time a merchant at Elizabeth, New Jersey, but
moved to Stockbridge about the year 1 7 70, and
became Judge of Probate for Berkshire county.
He was the father of fifteen children, among whom
was William Edwards, the inventor of the present sys-
tem of tanning leather. Jonathan Edwards, Jr. D.D.
1745-1801, became a distinguished theologian and
his life very much resembled that of his father, as
both w-ere ripe scholars, were College Tutors for
about the same length of time, were dismissed from
their Pastorates on account of their doctrinal opin-
ions, and both died shortly after their inauguration
as College Presidents ; Jonathan Sr., in his fifty-

UNIVERSITIES ANT) THEIR SONS

7»

fifth, and Jonathan Jr. in Iiis fifty-sevenlli yi-ar.
I'ierrepont Edwards, youngest son of Jonatlian
pAlwards St., was a graduate of Princeton and
began the practice of hiw in New Haven, Con-
necticut. He was appointed administrator of the
estate of General Benedict Arnold, after the treason
of that officer, served in the Continental Army,
participating in two hard-fought battles; was a
member of the Continental Congress of 1 787-1 788,
and a delegate to the convention assembled to
ratify the Federal Constitution. At the time of his
death he was serving as Judge of the United States
District Court.

i'rinceton, and a number of the American I-",cononiif
.\ssociation. He is independent in jjolitics, anil has
made addresses favoring a revenue tariff and ojipos-

DANIELS, Winthrop More, 1867-

Born in Dayton, O., 1867; received his early educa-
tion in the public schools and the Deaver Collegiate
Institute of Dayton ; graduated Princeton, Class of
1888 ; travelled abroad in 1888, i8go-gi ; spent two
semesters at Leipsic University; was Instructor in
Economics and Social Science at \A^esleyan University,
Middletown, Conn., 1891-92; since 1892 has been Pro-
fessor of Political Economy at Princeton.

WINTHROP MORE DANIELS, A.M., Pro-
fessor of Political Economy at Princeton,
was born in Dayton, Ohio, September 30, 1867, son
of Edwin Arthur and Mary Billings (Kilburn)
Daniels, natives of Massachusetts, but of English
ancestry. On the maternal side he is descended
from Thomas Kilborne (the common ancestor of all
the Kilburns in this country) who was born in the
parish of Wood Ditton, County of Cambridge, in
1578, whence he migrated to New England in 1635.
The Daniels family came to this country and settled
in Massachusetts sometime in the seventeenth cen-
tury. His early education was obtained at home in
the Dayton Public Schools, and at Deaver Collegiate
Institute. He was graduated at Princeton in the
Class of 1888, and spent part of that year and of
the years 1890 and 1891 in foreign travel. He was
a teacher of classics in the Princeton Preparatory
School in 1888, which position he filled for two
years, when he went abroad, and spent two semesters
at the University of Leipsic, Germany, studying eco-
nomics and history. Returning to this country in
1891, he was appointed Instructor in Economics
and Social Science at Wesleyan University, Middle-
town, Connecticut, remaining there for a year, when,
in 1S92, he was chosen Professor of Political Econ-
omy at Princeton, which position he now holds.
Professor Daniels is a member of the Reform Club
of New York City, the Nassau and Colonial Clubs of

W. M. UANIEI-S

ing free silver. He was married in 1898 to Joan
Robertson of Montville, Connecticut. He has re-
cently published a treatise entitled Elements of
Public Finance.

DOD, Albert Baldwin, 1805-1845.

Born in Mendham, N. J.. 1805; graduated at Prince-
ton, 1822; taught at Fredericksburg, Va. ; studied the-
ology at the Princeton Theological Seminary: Tutor
at Princeton; licensed to preach; Prof. Mathematics
at Princeton; declined the Chaplaincy and Professor-
ship at West Point; received D.D. degree from the
University of North Carolina, 1844, and from the Uni-
versity of N. Y., 1845; died in Princeton, N. J., 1845.

ALBERT BALDWIN DOD, D.D., Professor
of Mathematics at Princeton, was born in
Mendham, New Jersey, March 24, 1805; died in
Princeton, November 24, 1845. He was the son
of Thaddeus Dod, a graduate of Princeton in 1773,
first President of Washington College (Pennsylvania),
and founder of the first Presbytery west of the Alle-
ghany Mountains. Like his father, Albert was noted
for his mathematical acquirements, and for the ver-
satility of his genius. His graduation at Princeton
in 1 82 2 was witnessed by the Secretary of the Navy,

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

who at once offered liim a position in the Xa\al
service, which he dechned. After teaching for four
years in Fredericksburg, Virginia, he entered Prince-
ton Theological Seminary as a student in 1826, and

ALDERT B. DOD

at the same time was a Tutor in the College until
1829, when he was licensed to preach by the New
York Presbytery. In 1S30 he became Professor of
Mathematics at Princeton, and held the chair until
his death, in the mean time declining the Chaplaincy
and Professorship of Moral Philosophy at West
Point. Professor Dod frequently supplied pulpits
in New York and Philadelphia. He was an eloquent
preacher, and a learned lecturer on political econ-
omy and architecture. The degree of Doctor of
Divinity Was conferred upon him by the University
of North Carolina in 1844, and by the University of
New York in 1S45. He was a prolific contributor
to the Princeton Review, and his articles have been
published in book form under the title of Princeton
Theological Essays.

FINE, Henry Burchard, 1858-

Bom in Chambersburg, Penn.. 1858 ; prepared for
College in the public schools of Ogdensburg, N. Y.,
and Winona, Minn. ; graduated Princeton, Class of
1880; spent one year in post graduate study at Prince-
ton, as Fellow of Experimental Science; appointed

Tutor of Mathematics in 1881 ; went to Leipsic in 1884
and continued his mathematical studies, receiving his
degree in 1885; appointed Assistant Professor of Math-
ematics at Princeton in 1885 : has been Professor of
Mathem.atics in the University since 1891.

Hi:XRY ISURCHARD FINE, Ph.D., Profes-
sor of Mathematics at Princeton, was born
in Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, September 14,
1858, son of the Rev. Lambert Suydam and Mary
P^ly (Burchard) Fine. His jiaternal grandfather
was John Fine, a native of New York, a graduate of
Columbia, and one of the pioneer settlers of Og-
densburg. He was also, for many years, a judge
in that district. His maternal grandfather was the
Rev. Ely Rurchard of Clinton, New York, a grad-
uate of Yale. He was prepared for College in the
public schools of Ogdensburg, New York, and
\\'inona, Minnesota, and graduated from Princeton
in the Class of 18S0. After a year spent in grad-
uate study at Princeton as fellow of experimental
science, he was appointed Tutor of Mathematics,
and held that position in the College until the early
spring of 1884, wlien he went to Leipsic and con-
tinued his mathematical studies receiving his degree

H. B. FINE

from the University in 1885. He returned to
Princeton that year to accept the position of .Assist-
ant Professor of Mathematics, and since 1891 has
been Professor of the same. He is the author of

UNlI'ERSiriES AND rilElIi SONS

The Number System of Algebra ; and a luimbcr of I'rincclon as Assistant to the Treasurer of the Col-
mathematical papers. Professor Fine lias been lege a position lie holds at the present time. In
Vice-President of the American iMathenialical June 1S92 he was made Assistant Treasurer of the
Society. He was marrieil September 6, 1S8S, to University. He is a member of the Cliosophic
I'hilena Foirs. They have three children ; John, Society, and of the Nassau, the Trenton Country
Susan and Philena Fine. and the Tiger Inn Clubs. In [loliiics he is a Re-
publican. He is unmarried.

DUFFIELD, Henry Green, 1859-

Born in Princeton, N. J., 1859; fitted for College at
Princeton Preparatory School ; graduated Princeton,
Class of 1881 ; engaged in the lumber business, in
Trenton, N. J., 1881-1885; in Princeton as assistant to
the Treasurer, College of N.J. from September 1885,
to the present time ; Assistant Treasurer, since June
1892.

HICNRV GREEN DUFFIELD, Assistant Treas-
urer at Princeton, was born in Princeton,
New Jersey, August 16, 1859, son of John T. and
Sarah E. (Green) Duffield. On his father's side
he is of English extraction, on the maternal side

H. G. DUFFIELD

his ancestors were Scotch. His early education was
received at the Princeton Preparatory School, and .
he was graduated from Princeton in the Class of
1 88 1. In September of that year he engaged in
the lumber business, in Trenton, New Jersey, and
four years after, in the fall of 1S85, returned to

HALL, John, 1829 1898.

Born in Ireland, 1829 : studied at Belfast College tak-
ing special honors in Hebrew ; Missionary and Pastor
previous to settling in New York City; Pastor of the
Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church, 1867, till his death ;
Chancellor of the University of the City of New York
1882; died in New York City, 1898.

JOHN HALL, D.l)., LL.D., Trustee of Princeton
and Lecturer in the Divinity School of Yale,
was born in County Armagh, Ireland, July 31, 1829.
His ancestors were originally from Scotland. At the
Belfast College, which he entered at the unusually
early age of thirteen years, he displayed marked
proficiency in the Hebrew language, and was
awarded several prizes. Receiving a license to
preach in 1849 he was engaged in missionary work
for some time and from 1852 to 1858 was Pastor of
the First Presbyterian Church in Armagh. While
occupying the pulpit of the Church of Mary's Abbey,
Dublin ( now Rutland Square) he was appointed
Honorary Commissioner of Education for Ireland
by the Queen and also visited the United States as
delegate from the Presbyterian Assembly of Ireland
to that of the churches in America. His character
and ability created a most favorable impression in
New York City, which resulted in his receiving and
accepting a call to the Pastorship of the Fifth
Avenue Presbyterian Church, the duties of which
he began in No\'ember 1867 and continued to per-
form until his death, which occurred in 1898. For
a period of thirty years Dr. Hall enjoyed the dis-
tinction of being one of the most able and popular
preachers on this side of the Atlantic, and the wealthy
society over which lie presided erected especially
for him a handsome church edifice at the corner
of Fifth .Avenue and Fifty-fifth Street. He was a
Trustee of Princeton from 186S until his death, and
in 1874-75 he held the Lyman lieecher Lectureship
on Preaching, at the Yale Divinity School. From
1S82 he served as Chancellor of the University of
the City of New York. He received the degree of
Doctor of Divinity from Washington and Jefferson
College in 1S66, and that of Doctor of Laws from

UNIVERSiriES AND "THEIR SONS

Princeton and from Washington and Lee in 1885
and from Columbia in 1886. Dr. Hall was an in-
telligent and interesting writer. Some of his
more notable works are : Family Prayers for Four

JOHN HALL

AVeeks ; Papers for Home Reading ; Familiar Talk
with Boys ; God's Word Through Preaching ; Found-
ation-Stones for Young Builders ; and \ Christian
Home, How to Make and How to Maintain it.

summation. Mr. Hazard before his removal to Phil-
adeli)hia was an Elder in the Wall Street Presbyte-
rian Church of New York. His son, Ebenezer
Hazard — born in Philadelphia, January 15, 1744,
died there June 13, 181 7 — was graduated at Prince-
tun in 1762, was successively a member of a pub-
lishing firm in New York, Postmaster of New York,
and Postmaster-General of the United States, serv-
ing in the latter capacity from January 1782 to
September 1789. In 1791 he engaged in business
in Philadelphia where he spent the remainder of his
life. Like the elder Hazard he was active in efforts
to improve the moral condition of the Indians, and
while Postmaster of New York under the Committee
of Safety he applied to Connecticut for a confirma-
tion of the grant made to his father, but his appeal
was denied. He was a Trustee of the Presbyterian
General Assembly, and one of the founders of the
North American Insurance Company. As an author
he acquired an extended reputation, which still sur-
vives. Besides publishing two volumes of Historical
Collections, and Remarks on a Report Concerning
Western Indians, he aided in writing Gordon's His-
tory of the American AVar, Thompson's translation of
the Bible, and Belknap's History of New Hampshire.
The library of the Massachusetts Historical Society
contains an extensive collection of his autograph
letters. His son Samuel — born in Philadelphia,
May 26, 1784, died there May 22, 1870 — was widely
known as an archseologist, and as an author, mainly
of historical, commercial and statistical works relat-
ing to Pennsylvania.

HAZARD, Samuel. 1714-1758.

Born in 1714; became a prosperous merchant of
Philadelphia; chief promotor of a colonization scheme
to Christianize the Indians ; Elder in the Wall Street
Presbyterian Church, N. Y. City; one of the incorpor-
ators of Princeton ; died in 1758.

SAMUEL H.\ZARD, one of the incorporators
of Princeton, was a merchant of Philadelphia,
born in 17 14 and died in 1758. He was noted as
chief promoter of a colonization scheme having for
its aim the Christianization of the Indians. In his
efforts to carry out the project he " explored the
territory to be colonized, had meetings with the In-
dians, with whom he bargained for the land, and
obtained a release from Connecticut of its claim to
that section of country." He was prevented by the
calamity of Braddock's defeat at Fort Duquesne, and
by his early death, from bringing the project to con-

FINLEY, Samuel, 1715-1766.

Born in County Armagh. Ire,, in 1715; studied for the
ministry at Phila. ; licensed to preach, 1742 ; Pastor at
Milford, Conn.; and at Nottingham, Md.; President of
Princeton. 1761 ; received D.D. degree from the Uni-
versity of Glasgow, 1763; died in Philadelphia, 1766.

SAMUEL FINLEY, D.D., fifth President of
Princeton, was born in County .Armagh,
Ireland, in 17 15, of Scottish ancestry. He was
educated in his native country, and in i 734 came
to this country and studied for the ministry in
Philadelphia. In 1740, he was licensed to preach,
was ordained by the New Brunswick Presbytery in
1742, and the following year was sent to Milford,
Connecticut, " with allowance that he also preach
for other places thereabout, when Providence may
open a door for him." Taking advantage of this
permission, he accepted an invitation to preach to

UNIl'KRSirrKS JND rilKIli SONS

1<>

the Second Society in New Haven ; but as this
society was not recognized by the authorities, he
was arrested under a law forbidding itinerants to
preach in any parish without the regular Pastor's

SAMUEL FINLEY

consent, was indicted by the Grand Jury, tried, and
sentenced to be carried out of the Colony as a
vagrant. Subsequently Mr. Finley was settled as
Pastor of a church in Nottingham, Maryland, where
he remained for seventeen years, also conducting an
academy at which he prepared young men for the
ministry, and which acquired a great reputation.
On the death of President Davies in 1761, he was
chosen to the Presidency of Princeton, which office
he held until his death. Mr. Finley was given the
degree of Doctor of Divinity in 1 763 by the Univer-
sity of Glasgow, the first instance in which this
honor was conferred on an American Presbyterian.
He died in Philadelphia, July 17, 1766.

GREEN, Ashbel, 1762-1848.

Born in Hanover, N. J., 1762 ; entered the Army,
served as Sergeant; graduated at Princeton. 1783;
Tutor; Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philos-
ophy at Princeton ; Pastor at Philadelphia : Chaplain
to Congress ; Trustee. 1790, and President of Princeton,
1812; President Board of Trustees of Princeton Theo-
logical Seminary; Editor of the Christian Advocate;

received LL.D. degree from the Univ. of North Caro-
lina, 1812; died in Philadelphia, 1848.

ASIli;i:i, (;R1;i:N, I.1..I>., eighth President of
I'rinceton, and son of Jacob Green, Vice-
Tresiik'nl of Princeton 1758-1759, was born in
Hanover, .Morris county, New Jersey, July 6, 1762.
The A\'ar of the Revolution came when he was
studying and teaching for the purpose of fitting
liimself mentally and financially to enter College,
and in 1778 he entered the army, serving as Ser-
geant until 1782. He then entered Princeton and
was graduated in i 7 S3, becoming a Tutor the follow-
ing year, and afterwards Professor of Mathematics
and Natural Philosophy, in the College. In 1786,
he was given a license to preach by the New Bruns-
wick Presbytery, and in 17S7, was installed Pastor
of the Second Presbyterian Church of Philadelphia.
As a delegate to the General Assembly of his church
in 1790, he moved a renewal of commtmications
between the Presbyterian and the Congregational
Church. In 1792, he was appointed Chaplain to
Congress. He became a Trustee of Princeton in
1790, and upon the rebuilding of the College build-

ASHBEI. GREEN

ings, which had been destroyed by fire in 1802, he
was elected President of that institution. In the
s.ame year, i<Si2, he was also elected President of
the Board of Trustees of Princeton Theological

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

Seminary. Dr. Green lulil the Presidency of
Princeton initil 1S22, when he resigned and moved
to Philadelphia, where he edited for twelve years
the Christian Advocate, and for a time the As-
sembly's Magazine, in the meantime supplying on
frequent occasions vacant pulpits. 'I'he degree of
Doctor of Laws was conferred on him in 181 2 by
the University of North Carolina. He was a vol-
uminous writer, and published many discourses and
sermons, besides editing Doctor Witherspoon's works
and an autobiography of his father. He died in
Philadelphia, May ig, 1848.

the Supreme Court of New Jersey, and in 1S60 be-
came Chancellor, which office he held until his resig-
nation in 1866 on accoimt of failing health. The
remainder of liis life was given to study and to
educational and charitable enterprises. Judge Green
was a Trustee of Princeton from 1S50 to 1876.
From 1833 until his death, a period of furty-one
years, he was a Trustee of Princeton Theological
Seminary, and for the last si.\teen years was President
of the Board, of which his brother, John C. Green,
was also a member. Princeton conferred on him the
degree of Doctor of Laws in 1850. He died in
Trenton, December 19, 1S76.

GREEN, Henry Woodhull, 1802-1876.

Born in Lawrenceville, N. J.. 1802; graduated at
Princeton, 1820; studied law and admitted to the Bar;
Chief-Justice Supreme Court of N. J., 1846 ; Chancellor,
i860; Trustee of Princeton, 1850-1875 ; Trustee of
Princeton Theological Seminary and President of the
Board ; received the LL.D. degree from Princeton,
1850; died in Trenton, N. J., 1876.

HENRY W. GREEN, LL.D., Trustee of Prince-
ton, was born in Lawrenceville, New Jersey,
Septemlx-r 20, 1 802. He was graduated at Princeton

HENRY W. GRKEN

in 1S20, studied law, and after admission to the Bar
in Trenton practised law in that city for over twenty
years. In 1S46 he was appointed Chief-Justice of

HARPER, George McLean, 1863-

Born in Shippensburg, Pa., 1863; fitted for College
at the Cumberland Valley State Normal School in
Shippensburg ; graduated Princeton, Class of 1S84 ;
was Reporter and Copy Editor on the New York
Tribune, six months in 1884; studied one semester in
Gottingen, and two and a half semesters in Berlin,
1885-86 ; spent eight months in travel in Italy and
England, 1887; studied at Paris, Tours and Siena,
part of i88g, 1890; Second Assistant Editor of Scrib-
ner's Magazine, September 1887, March 1889; ap-
pointed Instructor in French at Princeton, 1889-91 ;
promoted to Assistant Professor of French, Princeton,
1891-93; Asst. Prof, of French and Instructor in
Romance Languages, 1893-94 ; Professor of Romance
Languages, 1894-95; Woodhull Professor of Romance
Languages, 1895.

Gi;ORGE McLEAN HARPER, Ph.D., Wood-
hull Professor of Romance Languages at
Princeton, was born in Shippensburg, Pennsylvania,
December 31, 1863, son of \\'illiam ^Vylie and
Nancy Jane (McLean) Harper. On the paternal
side he is of Scotch ancestry, the LLarpers having
been for several generations thread-manufacturers in
Glasgow, Scotland, whence his grandparents, the
Rev. James and Christine Wylie LLtrper, migrated
to America, about 1833. His firther, William \Vylie
Harper, served as a Lieutenant in the Seventh Penn-
sylvania Reserves during the War of the Rebellion.
His maternal ancestors were Scotch- Irish, and were
among the earliest settlers of .'\dams and Franklin
counties, Pennsylvania, in 1731. He was fitted for
College at the Cumberland Valley State Normal
School in Shippensburg, and graduated at Princeton
in the Class of 18S4. The year of his graduation
he was, for six months, a reporter and Copy Editor
on the New York Tribune. The next year, 1S85, he
went abroad and spent a semester in study at Got-
tingen, and two and a half semesters at Berlin.

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

Eight months of the year 1SS7 were devotfd lo
travel in Italy and England, then he returned to
America to become Second Assistant Ivlitor of
Scribner's Magazine, which office he hekl from
September 188710 March 1889. In September of
that year he was appointed Instructor in French at
Princeton. Parts of this year, 1889, and of 1S90
he spent abroad, studying at Paris, Tours and Siena.
In 1 89 1 he was promoted to .Assistant Professor of
French at Princeton, and in 189 :; he was Assistant
Professor of French and Instructor in Romance
Languages, at this College. He was made Professor

GEO. M. HARPER

of Romance Languages at Princeton in 1S94, and in
1895 he was appointed Woodhull Professor of Ro-
mance Languages, which chair he still fills. He is
a member of the American Whig Society, the Nassau
Club and the Philadelphian Society. He was mar-
ried. May 9, 1895, to Belle Dunton Westcott. 'I'iiey
have one child : Isabel Westcott Harper.

HENRY, Joseph, 1797 or 9-1878.

Born in Albany, N. Y., 1797 org; studied at the
district school and the Albany Academy ; private
Tutor in a family ; assistant to Dr. Beck in his Chemi-
cal Experiments; Prof. Mathematics at the Albany
Academy ; discoverer of the secondary current ; first
to obtain an electric shock by purely magnetic in-

duction; Prof. Natural Philosophy, also filled the
Chair of Chemistry and Mineralogy at Princeton;
lectured on astronomy and architecture ; Sec. and
Director of the Smithsonian Institute; scientific
adviser to the various government departments ;
member of the Lighthouse Board, and its Chairman
from 1871 ; the Presidency of Princeton offered to him
but was declined ; received LL.D f-om Union, 1829,
and from Harvard, 1851 ; President American Associ-
ation for the Advancement of Science, and of the
National Academy of Science; died in Washington,
1878.

JOSi;i'lI IIKNRV, M.l)., LL.U., Professor of
Natural Philosophy at Princeton, was born in
.Albany, New York, December 17, 1797 or 99, the
uncertainty of the year being caused by the illegi-
bility of the record in the family Bible. He was of
Scotch ancestry, his grandparents having emigrated
about the year 1775, and his father died during
Joseph's early boyhood. His mother was an intelli-
gent, high-ininded woman w-ith a strongly defined
character, and was a strict Presbyterian. Having
divided his time for five years between his studies in
the district school and attending to the duties of a
clerk in a country store at Galway, near Albany,
young Joseph at the age of fifteen was apprenticed
to a silversmith in the last named city. In his
youth he displayed a fondness for the histrionic art
and seriously contemplated the adoption of the stage
as a profession, but after reading Dr. Gregory's Lec-
tures on Experimental Philosophy, .Astronomy and
Chemistry, he was thenceforward attracted to the
study of the sciences and obtained evening instruc-
tion from the teachers at the Albany .Academy. He
subsequently acquired by teaching school the pe-
cuniary means necessary to defray the expenses of
a regular course at the above-named institution, and
at its completion he was recommended by Dr.
Theodoric R. Peck as private Tutor to the children
of General Stephen \'an Rensselaer, the patroon, his
duties as such requiring his attendance upon his
pupils three hours each day. He also gained much
valuable knowledge as assistant to Dr. lieck in the
latter's chemical experiments, at the same time
studying anatomy and physiology, and in 1S25 he
was engaged in engineering a state road from the
Hudson River to Lake Erie. In the following year
he became Professor of Mathematics at the Albany
Academy, where he was given ample opjiortunity for
investigating, by a long series of experiments, the
nature, power anil possibilities of electricity, and
his discoveries in that branch of science, which were
both numerous and ini])ortant, included the " inten-
sity " magnet whiih practically made possible the

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

construction of the electric telegraph. His claim to
priority over Professor Morse, though (juestioned by
the latter, has never been confuted, and its validity
was not only, however, proven by a paper published
in Silliman's American Journal of Science in 183 1,
in which he suggests the use of his discovery for the
transmission of sound, but was afterwards sustained
by Dr. Gale, who assisteil in developing the Morse
instrument. Professor Henry was also the discoverer
of the secondary current, and was the first to obtain
an electric shock by purely magnetic induction.
Going to Princeton as Professor of Natural Philos-

JOSEPH HENRY

ophy in 1832, he also filled the Chair of Chemistry
and Mineralogy during Professor Torrey's absence
in Europe, and he afterward lectured on astronomy
and architecture. In December 1S46, he moved
to Washington, having previously been elected first
Secretary and a Director of the Smithsonian Insti-
tute, and the development and welfare of that scien-
tific establishment occupied his principal attention
for the rest of his life. He was for many years the
scientific adviser to the various government depart-
ments, rendered valuable services to the War and
Navy Departments during the Civil War ; was one
of the original members of the Lighthouse Board,
which was established in 1 85 2, and was its Chair-
man from 1871 until his death. He was at one

time called to the Chair of Natural Philosophy at
the University of Pennsylvania at a much larger sal-
ary than that paid him by the Government, but he
was not susceptible to pecuniary inducements, and
even the offer of the Presidency of Prniceton, which
was tendered him in 1853, and in 1867, he saw fit
to refuse. Professor Simon Newcomb says of him :
" He never engaged in an investigation or an enter-
prise that was to put a dollar into his own pocket,
but aimed only at the general good of the \^'orld."
Professor Henry died in Washington, May 13, 1878.
He received the degree of Doctor of Laws from
Union in 1829, and from Harvard in 1851. In 1849
he was elected President of the American Associa-
tion for the Advancement of Science, was one of the
original members of the National Academy of Sci-
ence, succeeding Alexander D. Bache as its Presi-
dent in 1868; and belonged to other scientific
societies both in the United States and abroad. He
edited the annual volumes of the Smithsonian Re-
ports from 1S46 to 1877; wrote many papers and
contributed numerous articles to the scientific jour-
nals and the American and other Cyclopaedias ; was
tlie author of a series of papers on Meteorology and
its Connection with Agriculture, contributed to the
Agricultural Reports, 1855-59; and of a work en-
titled Syllabus of Lectures on Physics. In 1886
two volumes of his Scientific Writings were published
by the Smithsonian Institute, and a memorial of his
life and services was published by order of Congress
in 1S80.

HIBBEN, John Grier, 1861-

Born in Peoria, 111., 1861 ; fitted for College at Peoria
High School; graduated Princeton, Class of 1882;
studied one year in the University of Berlin, and three
years in Princeton Theological Seminary ; was Pastor
of Falling Spring Presbyterian Church, in Chambers-
burg, Penn., 1887- 1891 ; Instructor in Psychology and
Logic at Princeton, 1891-1893; made Assistant Pro-
fessor of Logic in 1893 ; since 1897 has been Stuart
Professor of Logic in Princeton.

JOHN C;RIER HIBBEN, Ph.D., Stuart Professor
of Logic at Princeton, was born in Peoria,
Illinois, .April 19, 1861, son of the Rev. Samuel and
Elizabeth (Grier) Hibben. On the paternal side
he is of Scotch descent, on the maternal, of Scotch-
Irish. His great-great-grandfather. Dr. Robert
Cooper, was a graduate of Princeton in the Class of
1763, and served as a Chaplain in the \\'ar of the
Revolution. Professor Hibben was fitted for Col-
lege in the High School of his native town, and
graduated from Princeton with the Class of 1882.

UNIVERSITIES JNI) THEIR SONS

After graduation he si)ent one year in study in the Congress, and from i 7.S9 to 1797 was I'niled States

University of Berlin, and upon his return to America, Senator from that State. In the latter year he was

devoted three years more to the study of theology elected Ciovernor of Maryland, in which office he

in Princeton Seminar)'. In 1SS7 he became Pastor served until his death, December 16, 1798.

HOPE, Matthew Boyd, 1812-1859.

Born in Mifflin county, Penn., 1812 ; educated at
Jefferson College ; graduated at Princeton Theological
Seminary, 1834 ; and from the Medical Department of
the University of Penn., 1836 ; missionary sent to Singa-
pore, India; Corresponding Sec. Penn. Colonization
Society; Sec. Presbyterian Board of Education; Prof.
Rhetoric at Princeton and of Political Economy; died
in Princeton, N. J., 1859.

MATTHl'.W ISOVl) HOPK, M.l)., D.D., Pro-
fessor of Rhetoric at Princeton, was born
in Mifflin county, Pennsylvania, July 31, 181 2 ; died
in Princeton, New Jersey, December 17, 1859.
After receiving his early education at Jefferson
College in Pennsylvania, he was graduated at Prince-
ton Theological Seminary in 1834, and from the
Medical Department of the University of Pennsyl-
vania in 1S36. Soon after his graduation in medi-

JOHN GRIER HIBBEN

of Falling Spring Presbyterian Church, in Chambers-
burg, Pennsylvania, and retained this charge until
1 89 1, when he went to Princeton as Instructor in
Psychology and Logic. Two years later he was pro-
moted to Assistant Professor of Logic, and since
1897, has been Stuart Professor of Logic at Prince-
ton. He was married to Jenny Davidson, November
8, I SS 7, and has one child : Elizabeth Grier Hibben.

HENRY, John, 1750-1798.

Born in Easton, Md., about 1750 ; graduated at
Princeton, 1769; studied law and engaged in practice;
delegate to the Continental Congress; U. S. Senator;
Governor of Md. ; died 1798.

JOHN HENRV, A.^F., who with President James
Madison was one of the founders of the AVhig
Literary Society at Princeton, was born in Easton,
ALiryland, about 1750, and was graduated at Prince-
ton in 1769. He studied law, and engaged in the
practice of his profession at Princeton. From 177S
to 17S7, excepting for the interval 17S1-1784, he
was a delegate from Maryland to the Continental

MATTHEW B. HOPE

cine he was ordained as an evangelist, and was sent
out to Singapore, India, by the P.oard of Missions of
the Presbyterian Church. After two years of labor in
tliis field the condition of his health compelled him

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

to return, and. lie was made Corresponding Secre-
tary of the Pennsylvania Colonization Society of llie
Presbyterian Church. He was also Secretary of the
Presbyterian Board of Education until 1S42, and
Corresponding Secretary from that time to 1S46.
In the latter year he was elected Professor of Rhet-
oric at Princeton, and in 1854 was given also tiie
Chair of Political Economy, in which he continued
until his death. He was the author of a Treatise
on Rhetoric, and was a regular contributor to the
religious press.

HOSKINS, John Preston, 1867-

Born in Glen Riddle, Delaware county, Penn., 1SE7;
fitted for College at Rugby Academy, Philadelphia, and
at Shortlidge's Media Academy ; graduated Princeton,
Class of 1891, receiving the modern language fellow-
ship ; spent the next four years in study and travel
abroad, studying Germanic Philology at the tJniversity
of Berlin, and receiving the degree of Ph.D. from there
in 1895 ; travelled during these years in Germany,
Austria, Italy, Egypt, the Holy Land and England;
returned to America in 1S95, was appointed instructor
in German in Princeton the same year and in March
1898 advanced to an Assistant Professorship.

JOHN PRESTON HOSKINS, Ph.D., Assistant
Professor of German at Princeton, was born
in Glen Riddle, Delaware county, Pennsylvania,
January 16, 1867, son of John 'I'aylor and Jane
(Brown) Hoskins. On the paternal side he is of
Quaker ancestry, the first John Hoskins coming froin
Cheshire, England, and settling in Delaware county,
Pennsylvania, in 16S2. His maternal grandfather
was a North of Ireland Presbyterian from County
Tyrone. He came to this country in 1825. His
mother's mother was of English extraction, emigrat-
ing with her parents from Manchester, England,
and settling in Philadelphia. Until his fourteenth
year he received instruction in the public schools
of Glen Ritklle and Media and at the Philadelphia
High School. He was prepared for College at
Rugby Academy in Philadelphia and at Shortlidge's
Media Academy. He entered Princeton in 18S7,
finished the academic course and graduated with
the Class of 1S91, receiving the fellowsliip in mod-
ern languages. Immediately after graduation he
went abroad, and spent the next four years in study
and travel. He entered the University of Berlin,
Germany, where he made a specialty of the study
of Germanic Philology, his work being done princi-
pally under Professors ^\■einhold, Erich Schmidt
and Julius Zupitza. He was especially interested
in the scientific side of Germanic Philology, and

devoted the most of his time to the Old and Middle
High German, the Gothic and their relation to the
Indo-European family of languages in general. His
dissertation was on the uses of the subjunctive
mood in the Nibelungen Klage. In July 1895, he
was awarded the degree of Doctor of Philosopiiv,
from the Berlin University. During these years
spent abroad, he also travelled extensively, princi-
pally in Germany, Austria, Italy, I'^gypt, the Holy
Land and England. He returned to .\merica in
the summer of 1S95, and in October of that year
was called to Princeton as Instructor in German. In

J. PRESTON HOSKINS

March 1898 he was made an Assistant Professor in
tlie same department. He is a non-resident mem-
ber of the Nassau Club of Princeton. In politics,
his inherited proclivities are toward the Democratic
party, but since tiie money issue became so promi-
nent, he has voted independently, and is a believer
in the gold standard. He is unmarried.

HUNT, Theodore Whitefield, 1844-

Born in Metuchen. N. J., 1844; received his early
education at Irving Institute, Tarrytown, N. Y. ; entered
Princeton in 1E61, and graduated, 1865; studied The-
ology at Union Seminary, N. Y. and at Princeton,
graduating in i86g at Princeton Theological Seminary;
Tutor of English in Princeton, 1868-71 ; at University
of Berlin, 1871-72; Professor of English Language and

UNIVERSiriKS AND THEIR SONS

Literature at Princeton, 1873; received the degree of
Ph.D. from Lafayette, 1880; and that of Doctor of
Literature, from Rutgers 1890.

THKOnORK WHirKFIELI) HUNT, Ph.D.,
L.H.IX, Professor of English Language and
Literature at Princeton, was born in Metuchen,

Notes, 'I'he Educational Review, North American
Review, and other periochcals, and has published
several volumes of writings liuring the years 18S3 to
1S99. He has published: Caedmon's Exodus and
Daniel, The Principles of Written Discourse, Eng-
lish Prose and Prose Writers, Studies in Literature
and Style, Ethical Teachings in Old luiglish Authors,
American Meditative Lyrics, and I'.nglish Meditative
Lyrics. On June 29, 1882, Professor Hunt was
marrietl to Sarah C. Reeve of Camden, New Jersey.

HUSS, Hermann Carl Otto, 1847-

Born in Eichenberg, Saxony. 1847 ; received his early
education at a preparatory school in Jena, and in the
Gymnasium in Altenburg, Saxony ; graduated from
the University of Jena, Sa.xony, in the Class of 1869 ;
spent the year 1870-1871 in Geneva, Switzerland ; was
in Pisa, Italy, 1871-1872; in Florence, 1872-1873 ; in
Naples, 1873-1874; from 1874 to 1879 he was at Rome,
lecturing on the German language and literature ;
appointed Assistant Professor of Modern Languages
and Literature in Princeton, 1880; since 1884 has been
Professor of Modern Languages and Literature.

HERM.\NN CARL OTTO HUSS, Ph.D.,
Professor of Modern Languages and Liter-
ature at Princeton, was born in Eichenberg, Saxony,

THEO. \V. HUNT

New Jersey, February 19, 1844, son of Holloway
Whitefield and Henrietta (Mundy) Hunt. Poth
parents were of English descent. In his early
youth he was a student at Irving Institute, Tarry-
town, New York. He entered Princeton in August
1861, graduating with first honor in the Class of
1S65. After graduation, he studied theology at
Union Seminary, New York, and at Princeton
Theological Seminary, graduating from the latter in
1869. While pursuing his theological studies, he
was appointed, in 1868, Tutor of English in Prince-
ton which position he filled until 1871, when he
went abroad to study at the Llniversity of Berlin,
where he remained for a year. He was then called
to the Chair of l'>nglish Language and Literature at
Princeton, and in 1873 he accepted this Professor-
ship, which he still continues to hold. He received
the degree of Doctor of Philosophy from Lafayette
in 1880, and in i8go, was awarded the degree of
Doctor of Literature by Rutgers. He is a member
of the Modern Language Association of America.
He has contributed articles to Modern Language

VOL. II. — 6

HKRMAXX C. O. HUSS

January 4, 1847, son of Ernst and Emma (Loewel)
Huss, both parents being natives of Germany. In
his early youth he spent five years at a i)rei)aratory

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

school in Jena, Saxony, and seven years at the ("lym-
nasium in Altenbiirg, Saxony. He then entered the
University of Jena, and after a three years' course
was graduated in 1869. The succeeding eleven
years were devoted to travel in Switzerland and
Italy, and to the teaching of the language and lit-
erature of his native land. The year 1870-1871
was spent in Geneva, Switzerland ; in 1S71 he was
in Pisa, Italy; in 1S72-1873 in Florence; and
from 1873-1874 he was in 'Naples. The next five
years (1874-1879) were spent in Rome, where he
lectured on the German language and literature.
In 1880, he came to .\merica to accept the position
of Assistant Professor of Modern Languages and
Literature in Princeton, and in 1884 was made
Professor of the same, a position he now holds.
He is unmarried.

LEWIS, Edwin Seelye, 1868-

Born in Amherst, Mass., i858 ; attended the French
Sisters' School in Beirut, Syria ; prepared for College
at the College de Genfeve in Geneva. Switzerland, and
also received private tutoring in Westminster, Vt. ;
graduated from Wabash with the degree of A.B , in
the Class of i888 ; entered the Romance Department of
Johns Hopkins, receiving the degree of Ph.D. in 1892;
studied abroad the summers of 1889-1891 ; was Scholar
at Johns Hopkins, 1889-1890, and a Fellow in 1890-1891 ;
was Assistant in Romance Languages at Johns Hop-
kins, 1891-1892 : Instructor in Romance Languages at
Princeton, 1892; made Assistant Professor of Romance
Languages in 1895.

EDWIN SEELYE LEWIS, Ph.D., Assistant
Professor of Romance Languages at Prince-
ton, was born in Amherst, Massachusetts, July 23,
1868, son of Edwin Rufus and Harriet (Goodell)
Lewis. He is of English and Welsh extraction.
In his early youth he attended the French Sisters'
School in Beirut, Syria, and went later to the Col-
lege de Geneve, in Geneva, Switzerland, where he
remained five years. He also received instruction
from private Tutors in Westminster, Vermont. At
the age of sixteen he entered Wabash College, in
Crawfordsville, Indiana, and was graduated with the
degree of Bachelor of Arts, in the Class of 18S8.
He entered the Romance Department of Johns
Hopkins in iSSS, and received the degree of
Doctor of Pliilosophy from that institution in 1892.
He spent the summers of 1889 and 1891 in study
abroad. He held the Scholarship in Romance
Languages at Johns Hopkins the year 18S9-1S90,
and for the years 1890 and 1891, was Fellow at
Johns Hopkins. He was appointed Assistant in

Romance Languages at Johns Hopkins in iS9T,and
in 1S92 went to Princeton as Instructor in Romance
Languages. Since 1S95, he has been Assistant
Professor of Romance Languages at Princeton. He
received, "for merit," the degree of Master of .\rts
from Wabash in 1891. He is a memlx-r of the
Nassau Club of Princeton, of Phi Beta Kappa
(Alpha of Maryland, Johns Hopkins), of Beta
Theta Pi of Wabash and Johns Hojikins, and of

EDWIN S. LEWIS

the Modern Language .Association of .\nierica.
He was married November 29, 1S93, to Miss
Jessie Somerville Norris.

KOLLOCK, Henry, 1778-1819.

Born in New Jersey. 1778; graduated at Princeton,
1794; Tutor there, 1797-1800; Professor of Divinity
and Pastor of the church at Princeton, 1803-1806;
subsequently Pastor of a church in Savannah, Ga. ;
received the S.T.D. degree from Union and Harvard,
1806 ; died in Savannah. 1819.

H1:NRV KULLOCK, S.T.D., Tutor, Professor
and Preacher at Princeton, was born in
New Providence, New Jersey, December 14, 17 78.
He was a son of Shepard Kollock, who served as an
officer in the War fur Independence, was for over
thirty years an Fxlitor in Elizabethtown, New Jer-
sey, and for five years Judge of the Court of Com-
mon Pleas. Henry Kollock pursued his classical

UNIFERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

«3

and theological studies at Princeton, gradiiatini;
from the Academic Department in i 794, and while
a divinity student he acted as a Tutor in the Col-
lege. Three years after his ordination to the min-
istry, which took place in May 1800, he joined the
Faculty of Princeton as Professor of Systematic
Theology, and also took charge of the Princeton
church. In 1806 he accepted a call to the Pastor-
ship of an in<lependent Presbyterian Church in
Savannah, Georgia, and labored there for the rest
of his life, which terminated December 29, 1819.
Dr. Kollock was regarded by his contemporaries

HKNRY KOLLOCK

as one of the most forcible orators of tlie day.
Several of his sermons were published and at the
time of his death he had in course of preparation a
life of John Calvin, from material obtained while on
a visit to England in 1S17. From Princeton he
received the degree of Master of .Arts in course,
and both Harvaril and Union made him a Doctor
of l)i\initv in 1S06.

LIVINGSTON, Peter Van Brugh, 1710-
1792.

Born in Albany, N. Y., 1710; graduated at Yale,
1731 ; engaged in the shipping business; member of
the Council of the Province ; President first Provin-
cial Congress of N. Y. ; Treasurer of Congress ; one

of the original Trustees College of N. ].; died in
Elizabethtown, N. J., 1792.

PiriKR \AN BRLCill 1.1\ INtlSl tJN, M.A.,
Trustee of Princeton 1748-61, was bom in
.\lbany, New \'ork, in October 17 10; tiled in
Kli/.abethtown, New Jersey, December 28, 1792.
He was graduated at Yale in 1731, and engaged in
the ship])ing business in New York with William .Mcx-
ander (Lord Stirling), whose sister, Mary, he mar-
ried in 1 739. He was for many years a member of
the Council of the Province, was President of the
first Provincial Congress of New \'ork in 1775, ^"'1
Treasurer of the Congress in 1776-77. He was
one of the original Trustees of the College of New
Jersey in 174S, and held that office until 1761.

MACLOSKIE, George, 1834-

Born in Castledawson, Ireland, 1834; fitted for Col-
lege in a classical academy of which his father was
the Principal, and in Belfast Academy; graduated with
the degree of B.A., from Queen's College (now Royal
Universityl in Belfast, Ireland, in the Class of 1857;
studied theology in the Assembly's College (Presby-
terian) in Belfast, 1857-1863; was Presbyterian Pastor
of Ballygoney Church, Ireland, i£6i-i873; in 1874 he
was called to Princeton, N. J., as Professor of Biology
in the College, and came to America in January 1875 to
accept this position which he still retains ; received the
degree of M.A. from his Alma Mater in 1858, and that
of D.Sc. from the same College in i£82; in 1870 he was
awarded the degree of LL.B., by the University of
London, and that of LL.D. from the same University
in 1871.

GEORGE M.ACLOSK.IE, S.C.I)., l.l.D., Pro-
fessor of Biology at Princeton, was born in
Castledawson, Irelaml, September 14, 1S34, son of
Paul and Mary (McCIure) Macloskie. His ances-
try is Scotch- Irish. His fither w.is teacher of a
classical academy, and in this scliool and in the
IJelfast .\c.ademy, under Rev. Reuben Jolin Kryce,
LL.D., Professor Macloskie received his preparation
for College. He entered Queen's College, in Bel-
fast, Ireland, in 1854, and was graduated with the
degree of Bachelor of .Arts, receiving first class
honors and gold medal in natural science in 1857.
He then devoted three years to the study of the-
ology in the .Assembly's College in Belfast. In
1858 he received the degree of Master of .Arts with
first class honors and gold medal in experimental
and natural sciences, from the Royal LTniversity in
Ireland. From 1861 to 1873 he w.as Pastor of a
Presbyterian Church in Ballygoney, Ireland, and
during these years received the degrees of Bachelor

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

of Laws and Doctor of Laws from the Universit)' of
London, — the former in 1870, and the latter, when
he was awarded the gold medal with honors in law,
in 1 87 1. He was called to Princeton, New Jersey,

GEORGE MACLOSKIE

as Professor of Biology in the College, in 1874, and
came to America in January 1875, to accept the
position. Professor ]\Lacloskie was Secretary of the
Bible and Colportage Society of Ireland from 1873 to
1874, and has been a member of the Executive
Committee of the Scotch-Irish Society of America,
since its organization in 1889. In politics, he is in
favor of prohibition, but is not allied with any
political party. He was married in 1S63 to Mary
Cruikshank Dunn. They have two children :
Charles Hill Macloskie, A.B. 1887, of Berlin, Ger-
many and George Macloskie, Jr., C.E., a Princeton
graduate of 1893.

MACLEAN, John, 1800 1886.

Born in Princeton, N. J., 1800; graduated at Princeton,
1816 ; Tutor of Greek; Prof. Mathematics and Natural
Philosophy, and of Ancient Languages ; President
of Princeton ; received D.D. degree from Washing-
ton (Penn.) College, 1841 and LL.D. from the Uni-
versity of the State of N. Y. ; died in Princeton, 1886.

JOHN MACLEAN, D.D., LL.D., tenth Presi-
dent of Princeton, was born in Princeton,
New Jersey, March 3, iSoo, and was graduated at

Princeton in 1S16. After teaching for a year, he
entered Princeton Theological Seminary, and while
attending theological lectures for two years was a
Tutor of CJreek in the College. In 1822 he was
appointed Professor of Mathematics and Natural
Philosophy in the College, which chair he exchanged
seven years later for that of Ancient Languages. In
1847 he was relieved of the Latin Department, and
in 1854 he succeeded Dr. Carnahan as President of
the College, which office he retained for twelve
years, tendering his resignation in 186S. Dr.
Maclean look an active part in the discussion of the
questions that divided the Presbyterian Church into
the old-school and new-school branches, and pub-
lished a series of letters in The Presbyterian, after-
wards issued in pamphlet form, in defence of the
action of the Assembly of 1837. He contributed
voluminously to the Princeton Review, and after his
retirement from the Presidency he prepared a
History of the College of New Jersey. One of his
lectures delivered before the Literary and Philo-
sophical Society of New Jersey on A School System
for New Jersey, promulgated the suggestions which
were afterwards embodied by the Legislature in the

JOHN MACLEAN

Act establishing the common-school system of the
state. Dr. Maclean received the degree of Doctor
of Divinity from Washington (Pennsylvania) College
in 1 84 1, and that of Doctor of Laws from the Uni-

UNIVERSITIES JND THEIR SONS

versity of the State of New York in 1.S54.
at I'rinceton, August lo, 1S86.

He (lied of wliicii a (juartcr of a million copies were dis-
tributed during the Civil War. Dr. Magie died in
Elizabeth, New Jersey, May 10, 1865.

MAGIE, David, 1795-1865.

Born in Elizabeth, N. J., 1795 ; graduated at Princeton.
1817, and Princeton Theological Seminary. 1819; Tutor
at Princeton, 1818-1820; Pastor Presbyterian Church
in Elizabeth, N. J., 1821-1865; Trustee of Princeton,
1835-1865; received D.D. degree from Amherst, 1842;
died in Elizabeth, 1865.

D.WID MAGIE, D.D., Trustee of Princeton,
was born in Elizabeth, New Jersey, March
13, 179s, and was graduated at Princeton in 181 7.

DAVID M.\GIE

He then pursued a theological course in tlie Sem-
inary, during which time he officiated as Tutor in
the College. In 1824 he became Pastor of a
newly organized Presbyterian Cinirch in l^lizabeth,
and served in that relation for a period of more than
forty years, until his death. The honorary degree
of Doctor of Divinity was bestowed on him by
Amherst in 1S42. Dr. Magie was a Trustee of
Princeton for thirty years, 1 835-1 865, and was a
Director of Princeton Theological .Seminary, the
American Tract Society and the American Roanl of
Foreign Missions. Among his publislied works
were : The Springtime of Life, published in New York
in 1835 and a tract entitled The Christian Soldier,

MARTIN, Luther, 1748-1826.

Born in New Brunswick, N. J.. 1748; graduated at
Princeton, 1766; studied law and admitted to the Bar ;
Commissioner of his county to oppose the claims of
Great Britain ; Attorney-General of Md. ; delegate
sent by the Md. Legislature to the convention that
formed the Constitution of the U. S. ; Chief-Judge of
Oyer and Terminer in Baltimore; died in N. Y. City,
1826.

LUTHER MARTIN, one of the founders of
the Cliosophic Society at Princeton, was
born in New Brunswick, New Jersey, February 9,
174S, and was graduated at Princeton in 1766. He
studied law at Queenstown, Maryland, su])i)orting
himself by teaching meanwliile, and was admitted to
the Par in 1771. Soon afterward he settled in
Somerset, Maryland, wliere he established a lucra-
tive practice. It is related that at one term of the
^\ iUiamsburg (Virginia) Court he defended thirty-
eight persons separately, of whom twenty-nine were
acquitted. He served in 1774 as one of the com-
missioners of his comity to oppose the claims of
Great Britain, and also as a member of the conven-
tion that met at .\nnapolis kn a similar purpose.
In 1778 he became Attorney-General of Maryland.
.-^s one of the delegates sent by the Maryland Legis-
lature to the convention that formed the Constitution
of the LInited States, he vigorously opposed that
instrument and left the convention rather than sign
it. It was by his opposition to this measure that
he ncipiirrd the name of "The l''ederal Bulldog,"
first given him by his antagonist, Thomas Jefferson.
In 1804 he was counsel for the defence in the im-
peachment of Samuel Chase before the United States
Senate — on which occasion he was described by a
writer of the times as "the rollicking, witty, auda-
cious .\ttorney-Cieneral of Maryland ; drunken, gen-
erous, slovenly, grand, shouting with a schoolboy's
fun at the idea of tearing Jolni Rantlolph's indict-
ment to pieces, and of teaching the \'irginia Demo-
crats some law." Mr. Martin resigned his .Xttorney-
Generalship in 1805, but continued his law practice,
then the largest in Maryland. In 1807 he again
came into prominence as counsel for .■Xaron Burr in
the lalter's trial at Richmond. He subsecpiently
served, 1S14-1S16, as Chief-Judge of Oyer and
Terminer in Baltimore, and in :8i8 he was again

UNIJ'ERSITIES AND Til KIR SONS

appointed State Attorney General. Two years later ature, was born in Camden, South Carolina, Novem-
he suffered a stroke of paralysis and became entirely ber 27, i.Sjy, son of James Syng and Aurelia
dependent on his friends — as notwithstanding his rowell (I'earce) Murray. He was fitted for College
large fees and income derived fiom his profession, at the Ohio Conference High School, Springfield,

Ohio, and gratluated at Brown in the Class of 1850.
From 1 85 1 to 1852 he wms Instructor in Creek at
Brown. After a course in theology at Andover
Theological Seminary, from which he was graduated
in 1854, he was ordained Pastor of the Congrega-
tional Church at South Danvers, Massachusetts. In
1 86 1 he was called to the Prospect Street Church of
Cambridgeport, Massachusetts, where he remained
until 1S65, when he became Pastor of the Brick
Church, New York. Ten years after, in 1875, he
resigned his pastorate to accept the Chair of English
Literature at Princeton. He was appointed Dean
in 1883, and the degree of his success in this exceed-
ingly difficult office can be estimated from the single
statement that he was as much loved by the under-
graduates as he was respected and approved of by
the President and Trustees. He received the degree
of Doctor of Divinity from Princeton, and that of
Doctor of Laws from Brown. He was always a
Republican, ever since the formation of the party.

LUTHER MARTIN

he had never saved money. An Act, unparal-
leled in American history, was passed by the Mary-
land Legislature in 1822, requiring every lawyer in
the state to pay an annual license fee of five dollars,
the entire proceeds to be paid over to Trustees
" for the use of Luther Martin." Mr. Martin passed
his last days at the home of Aaron Burr in New
York City. He died July 10, 1826.

MURRAY, James Ormsbee, 1827-1899.

Born in Camden, S. C, 1827; fitted for College at
Ohio Conference School, Springfield, O.; graduated at
Brown, Class of 1850; from Andover Theological Semi-
nary, Class of 1854 ; was Instructor in Greek at Brown.
1851-1852 ; Pastor of the Congregational Church at
South Danvers, Mass., 1854-1861 ; Pastor Prospect
Street Church, Cambridgeport, Mass., 1861-1865; Pas-
tor Brick Church, New York, 1865-1875; appointed
Professor of English Literature at Princeton, 1875,
and Dean in 1E83 ; received degree of D.D. from
Princeton and that of LL.D. from Brown; died in
Princeton 1899.

JOHN ORiMSr.Kl': MURRAY, D.D., I.L.D., fur
sixteen years the beloved Dean of Princeton
and for twenty-four years Professor of English Liter-

JAMES O. MURR.AV

He was married in 1856 to Julia Richards Haughton.
They had seven children : 'William Haughton,
Huntington, James Percy, Mabel Chester, Haughton,
George Richards and Julia Ormsbee Murray. After

UNIFERSiriF.S JND TIIFIR SONS

an illness of several months Dr. Murray died on ihc
morning of March 27, 1899, dceiil\ inounied l>y all
friends of Princeton.

MAGIE, William Francis, 1858-

Born in Elizabeth, N. J., 1858; fitted for College at
Dr. Pingry's School in Elizabeth ; entered Princeton,
1875. and graduated in the Class of 1879 ; Assistant in
Physics at Princeton, 1879-18S2; spent the year 1884-
1885 at the University of Berlin, receiving the degree
of Ph.D. ; made Assistant Professor of Physics at
Princeton in 1885, and from 1890 to the present time
has been Professor of Physics.

WILLLAM FR.VNCIS M.AGIE, I'h.l)., Pro-
fessor of Physics at Princeton, was born
in Elizabeth, New Jersey, December 14, 1858, son

WILU.\M FRANCIS MAGIE

of William Jay and Sarah Frances (Baldwin) Magie.
He is of Scotch descent through a paternal ancestor,
John Magie, who settled in Rli/.abethtown in 1685.
He was fitted for College at Dr. Pingry's school in
Elizabeth, entering Princeton in 1875 and graduating
with the Class of 1879. After graduation he studied
pliysics while acting as an Assistant in Physics at
Princeton from 1879 until 1S82. In that year he
was appointed Instructor in I'liysics. In 1S84 he
went abroad to continue his studies at the Univer-
sity of Berlin, where he received the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy. He returned to Princeton

in 18S5 as Assistant Professor of Physics, and in
1890 was made Professor of Physics, a [iosition he
still holds. Professor Magic has scrvetl on the
Princeton Board of lleallh and on the Borough
Council ; is a member of the Cliosoiiliic and the
.American Philosophical Societies, and of the Nassau
Club of Princeton. In politics he is a ]\ei)ublican.
He was married June 7, 1894, to Mary lilanchard
1 lodge.

PEMBERTON, Ebenezer, 1704-1779.

Born in Boston, Mass., 1704 ; graduated at Harvard,
1721 ; Chaplain at Fort William ; Pastor at N. Y. City
and Boston, Mass.; President of the Board of Corre-
spondents commissioned by the Society tin Scotland)
for the Propagating Christian Knowledge among the
Indians; received D.D. degree from Princeton, 1770;
died at Boston, Mass., 1779.

EBENEZI':R PEMBERTON, D.D., one of the
original Trustees of Princeton, in 1747, was
born in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1704, son of
Rev. Ebenezer Pemberton, Pastor of the Old South
Church. He was graduated at Harvard in 172T,
and in the following year became Chaplain at Fort
William, where he officiated until 1826, when he
was ordained Pastor of the First Presbyterian
Church in New York City. .After twenty-six years
in that Pastorate he took charge of the Brick
Church in Boston. Here his warm friendship for
Governor Hutchinson, who was a member of his
congregation, caused him to be charged with loyalty
to the Crown, and in 1775 '^'^ church was closed.
In 1 77 1 he was the only minister in Boston who
read Governor Hutchinson's proclamation of the
annual Thanksgiving from the pulpit, the Whigs,
we are told, " walking out of the meeting in great
indignation." Dr. Pemberton is described as an
eloquent preacher, and a " man of polite breeding,
pure morals and w-arm devotion." ^\'hile living in
New York he was President of the Board of Corre-
spondents commissioned by the Society (in Scotland)
for Propagating Christian Knowledge among the
Indians. In 1 7 70 he received from Princeton the
degree of Doctor of Divinity, the first that the Col-
lege conferred. He died in Boston, September 9,
1779. He published at various times several volumes
of sermons, essays and discourses.

OSBORN, Edwin Curtis, 1850-

Born in Plainfield, N. J., 1850; educated in public
schools of N. J. ; engaged in transportation and banking

UNIFERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

business until 1875 ; employed as Clerk to the Treasurer
of Princeton, 1877, elected Treasurer in 1885.

EDWIN CURTIS OSHORN, Treasurer of
I'rinceton, was born in Plainfield, New Jer-
sey, March 19, 1850, son of Uzal M. and Sarah A.
M. (Hopper) Osborn ; both parents being of Scotch
ancestry. His education was obtained in the New
Jersey public schools, and instead of entering Col-
lege, he entered at once upon an active business
career, being engaged in transportation and banking
business until January i, 1S75. He entered the

E. C. OSBORN

employ of the College of New Jersey, November 15,
1877, as Clerk to the Treasurer, and in June 1885
was elected to the office of Treasurer, and still con-
tinues in that position. He was married, October
17, 1872, to Malona S. Bunn, and has one child:
Bessie May Osborn.

REEVE, Tapping, 1744-1823.

Born in Brook Haven, L. I., 1744; graduated at
Princeton, 1763 ; Tutor 1767-1770; established a School
of Law at Litchfield, Conn.; Judge and Chief-Justice
Superior Court; member of Legislature and Council;
received LL.D. degree from Midalebury, i8o8 and from
Princeton, 1813; died in Litchfield, Conn., 1823.

TAPPING REEVE, one of the founders of the
Cliosophic Society at Princeton, was born
at Brook Haven, Long Island, in October 1744.

He was graduated from Princeton in the Class of
1763 and was a Tutor in the College from 1767 to
1770. Subsequently he established a School of
Law at Litchfield, Connecticut, whither he had
removed in 1772 to practise that profession. From
17S4 to 179S Mr. Reeve, its sole instructor, re-
ceived a large number of pu])ils who acquired dis-
tinction at the Car. Afterwards James CJould
became his associate, but Mr. Reeve remained a
Lecturer until 1S20. In i 79S he was made Judge
of the Superior Court, and in 1S14 Chief-Justice,
retiring the same year. In 1776 he raised a body
of recruits and offered his services to the autliorities
in the crisis which followed our mihtary disasters,
but the victories of Princeton and Trenton made it
unnecessary for liim to leave iiis profession. He
sat for one term in the Legislature and one in the
Council. He was a Federalist in politics. His
efforts to obtain the control of tiieir proi^erty by
married women should be gratefully remembered.
Middlebury endowed Judge Reeve with the degree
of Doctor of Laws in 1808, and Princeton in 1813.
His wife was a sister of Aaron Burr. His works
are : The Law of Baron and F"emme, etc., and a
Treatise on the Law of Descents in the United
States. Judge Reeve died at LitchfieKl, L)ecember
13. 1823-

PACKARD, William Alfred, 1830-

Born in Brunswick, Me., 1830; received his early
education and preparation for College in private schools
in Brunswick, Me., at the Academy in North Yarmouth,
Me., and at Phillips Academy in Andover, Mass ;
graduated from Bowdoin, Class of 1851 ; was Instructor
in Phillips Academy, 1852-1853; Tutor in Bowdoin,
1853-1854 ; went abroad and studied in the University of
Gbttingen. Germany, 1857-1859; returned to America
and to Bowdoin as Instructor, 1859; was called to
Dartmouth as Professor of Modern Languages and
later of Greek Language and Literature in i860; since
1870 has been Professor of Latin Language and Litera-
ture, and the Science of Language, at Princeton.

WILLIAM ALFRED PACKARD, D.D., Pro-
fessor of Latin Language and Literature
and Science of Language at Princeton, was born in
Brunswick. Maine, August 26, 1830, son of .Alphcus
Spring and Frances Elizabeth (.Appleton) Packard.
His paternal grandfather was the Rev. Hezekiah
Packard, D.D., his paternal grandmother was Mary
Spring. His mother's father was the Rev. Jesse
.^ppleton, D.D., President of Bowdoin from 1807 to
1819 ; his maternal grandmother, Elizabeth Means,
daughter of the Hon. Robert Means, of .Amherst,
New Hampshire. In his early youth Professor

UNII'ERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

Packard attended private schools in liis native town,
and was also a student at the Academy of North
Yarmouth, Maine, and at I'hillips Academy in An-
dover, Massachusetts. lie entered Bowdoin in

\VM. A. PACKARD

1847, and graduated with the Class of 1S51. He
was Instructor in Phillips Academy from 1852 to
1853, and from 1853 to 1S54 was Tutor in Bowdoin
and was a student in Andover Theological Seminary,
1855-1S57. 'I'he year 1857-185S was spent in
study at the University of (loltingen, Germany. He
returned to America, and in 1S59 was Instructor in
Bowdoin. In i860 he was called to Dartmouth as
Professor of Modern Languages till 1863, when he
was transferred to the Chair of Greek Language and
Literature, a position he retained until he was called
to Princeton in 1870 as Professor of Latin Language
and Literature and the Science of Language, a Chair
he continues to fill. He was married in 1861 to
Susan Breese Gallagher. They had one child :
Frances Appleton Packard. The mother and child
have since died.

PERRY, Bliss, 1860-

Born in Williamstown, Mass., i860, prepared for
College at Greylock Institute, Berkshire County. Mass. ;
graduated Williams, 1881 ; Instructor in Elocution and
English at Williams, 1881-1886; studied in Germany,
1886-1888; was Professor of English and Elocutional

Williams until 1893 ; and has been Professor of OrStory
and i^sthetic Criticism at Princeton since 1893

BLISS I'ERRY, A.M., Professor of Oratory and
-I'^sthetic Criticism at Princeton, was born
in Williamstown, Massachusetts, XoveTnbcr 25, i860,
son of Arthur Latliain Perry, D.D., LL.D., and
Mary Brown (Smedley) Perry. He is of Scotch-
Irish descent on his father's side; on the maternal
side of ICnglish ancestry, his mother being a great-
granddaughter of C'oione! Benjamin Simonds, the
earliest settler in Williamstown. His early education
was obtained at tlie (Jreylock Institute in Massachu-
setts, where he was fitted for College, graduating
from Williams in the Class of 188 1. From 1881 to
1 886 he was Instructor in Elocution and luiglish at
\Villiams. In 1886 he went abro.id and sjjcnt two
years in graduate study in Germany. Returning to
America he was made Professor of I'jiglish and
I'^locution at Williams, where he remained until
1893, when he was called to Princeton as Professor
of Oratory and /Esthetic Criticism where he is at
the present time. Professor Perry's published books
are : The Broughton House ; Salem Kittredge and
Other Stories; The Plated City; and The Powers

BLISS PF.RRV

at Play. He has also edited Scott's Woodstock and
Ivanhoe, Selections from Burke, Little Masterpieces,
(selections from Poe, Irving, Hawtliorne, etc.). He
is a member of the Authors' Club. On .August 7,

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

i88S, he married Annie Louise ]!liss. 'I'licy liave
three children : Constance Gootlnow, Margaret
Smedley and Arthur Bliss Perry.

RODGERS, John, 1727-1811.

Born in Boston, Mass, 1727; educated at Blair's
Classical School at Fagg's Manor; Pastor in St.
George's, Del,; and N. Y. City; Chaplain of Gen.
William Heath's Brigade, the N. Y. Provincial Con-
gress, the Council of Safety and the first Legislature
of 1777 ; Moderator of the first General Assembly;
President of the Missionary Society, 1796 ; Vice-Chan-
cellor of the N. Y. State University ; received the D.D.
degree from Princeton, 1760 and from Edinburgh Uni-
versity. 1768; Trustee of Princeton, 1765-1807; died in
N. Y. City, 1811.

JOHN RODGERS, D.D., Trustee of Princeton,
was born in Boston, August 5, 1727. In 1728
his family removed to Philadelphia, and he received
his education in Samuel Blair's Classical School at
Fagg's Manor. In 1749 he was installed Pastor of
the Presbyterian Church at St. Ceorge's, Delaware,
having been prepared for the ministry by the learned
Rev. Samuel Blair of New Londonderry, Pennsyl-
vania. In 1765 he was called to the \Vall Street
congregation in New York, deprived of its Pastor
by the death of Rev. David Bostwick. In 1767
they erected a second building at Beekman and
Nassau streets. Dr. Rodgers was a sincere patriot
and left New York in 1776 to become Chaplain of
General William Heath's Brigade, the New York
Provincial Congress, the Council of .Safety and the
first Legislature of 1777. It has been said that he
labored in the South for the conversion of the
Regulators of North Carolina to the patriotic cause,
and he preached during his exile from New York
while that city was occupied by the King's forces,
in Ainenia, New York ; Danbury, Connecticut ; and
Lamington, New Jersey. On Dr. Rodgers' return
to New York after the evacuation he found both of
his churches defaced and dilapidated. The Wall
Street building had been used as a barracks and the
new church as a hospital. Though the Episcopa-
lians had antagonized Dr. Rodgers and prevented
his society from obtaining an Act of Incorporation,
the Vestry of Trinity Church invited the Presby-
terians to worship during the rebuilding of their
fabrics in St. Paul's Church and St. George's Chapel.
Dr. Rodgers remained the sole Pastor of the United
Presbyterian Congregations until a coadjutor was
appointed in 1789. He was Moderator of the first
General Assembly held in that year, and President

of the Missionary .Society foinided in 1796. He
was a Trustee of Princeton from 1765 until 1807,
and was Vice-Chancellor of the New York State
University from its inception in 17S7. Edinburgh
University gave him the degree of Doctor of Divin-
ity in 176S. Dr. Rodgers was noted for his fine

JOHN RODGERS

breeding and elegant hospitality no less tiian for
piety and learning. He died in New York City,
May 7, 1811.

SCOTT, William Berryman, 1858-

Born in Cincinnati, O., 1858; fitted for College in
private schools in Philadelphia and in Princeton, N. J.;
graduated at Princeton with the degree of B.A., 1877 ;
took post graduate study in Princeton. 1879-1880, in
Royal School of Mines, London, 1878-79; in University
of Heidelberg, 1879-80; receiving the degree of Ph.D.
from this University, 1880; was Assistant in Geology
at Princeton, 1880; promoted to Assistant Professor of
Geology, 1882 ; Professor of Geology, 1883.

WILLIAM BERRYMAN SCOTT, Ph.D.,
Professor of Geology at Princeton, was
born in Cincinnati, Ohio, February 12, 1S58, son of
William McKendree and Mary Elizabeth (Hodge)
Scott. On the paternal side he is of Scotch-Irish
descent. On his mother's side he is of English an-
cestry, through Benjamin Franklin and his son-in-
law Richard Bache. One great-grandmother, Mary

UNiyERSiriES AND rilKlR SONS

Blanchard of Boston, was of Frcncli Ilugucnot
descent ; another great-granchnother Catherine Wis-
tar of Philadelphia, was of Ceruian desieiit. He
was fitted for College in private schools in Philadel-
phia and in Princeton, New Jersey, and was gradu-
ated from Princeton, with the degree of Pachelor
of Arts in 1877. After grathiating he spent another
year in study at Princeton, going abroad in 1X78
and entering the Royal School of Mines in London,
where he spent another year of study. The year
1879-1880 was given to study in the University of
Heidelberg, Germany, from which he received the

w. n. scoiT

degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Returning to
America in 1880, he became Assistant in Geology
at Princeton, being promoted in 1882 to Assistant
Professor of the same science, and in 1883 he was
appointed Blair Professor of Geology, which chair
he now fills. He has conducted eleven geological
and palKontological expeditions to the Far West
and has published some fifty reports and mono-
graphs upon the materials thus brought together.
Among the societies of which Professor Scott is a
member, are the Geological, the Zoological, and the
Linnean Societies of London, the British Associa-
tion for the Advancement of Science, the American
Philosophical Society, and the Geological Society of
America. He was married December 15, 18S3, to
Alice Adeline Post of New York. Their children

are: Charles Hoilge, Adeline .Mitchill, ^L^ry
Planchard, Sarah Post and .\ngelina Thayer Scott.

SMITH, Caleb, 1723-1762.

Born in Brook Haven, L. I., 1723; graduated at Yale,
1743; remained as a resident graduate and studied
theology; Pastoral Newark Mountains (Orangel N.J.;
the first Tutor of the College of New Jersey ; Trustee,
1750; died, 1762.

CALEB SMITH was the first Tutor of the
College of New Jersey and with Jonathan
Dickinson, the first President, instructed the first
class in the College at Klizabcthtown, New Jersey
in 1747. He was born at Brook Haven, Long Island
December zg, [O. S.] 1723. He was graduated at
Vale in 1743 and remained at College for some
time as a resident graduate. He studied theology
under the direction of Jonathan Dickinson and was
ordained Pastor of the Presbyterian Chinch at
Newark Mountains ( Orange ), New Jersey, in 1748.
He was one of the popular preachers of his
church. He was elected Trustee of the College
in 1750. He died October 20, 1762. In 1748
he married Martha, the youngest daughter of the
Rev. Jonathan Dickinson. From tiiis union sprang
the Clreen family which have been so prominent in
the history of New Jersey and of Princeton ; one of
the family, John Cleve Green of New York, ha\ ing
been the largest benefactor of the institution.

SHIELDS, Charles Woodruff, 1825-

Born in New Albany, Ind , 1825; fitted for College in
classical schools in Newark, N. J, and New Albany;
graduated at Princeton, 1844 ; took four years' course
of study in Princeton Theological Seminary; Pastor,
First Presbyterian Church, Hempstead, L. I., N. Y.,
1849-50; Pastor. Second Presbyterian Church. Phila-
delphia. 1850-65; since 1865, Professor of the Harmony
of Science and Revealed Religion at Princeton.

CHARLES \VOODRUFF SHHILDS, D.D.,
LL.rX, Professor of the Harmony of Science
and Revealed Religion at Princeton, was born in
New Albany, Indiana, .\pril 4, 1825, only son of
James Read and Hannah Woodruff Shields. He is
descended on both sides of the fmiily from Colonial
and Revolutionary ancestors. His grandfather,
Judge Patrick Henry Shields, was a graduate of
William and Mary College, Virginia ; and he is a
descendant of the Hon. Samuel Woodruff, one of
the original Trustees and patrons of Princeton. He
was prepared for College in classical schools at
Newark, New Jersey, and in those of his native

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

town. He graduated from Princeton in the Class
of 1S44, afterwards taking a four years' course of
study at the Princeton Theological Seminary. He
first entered u|)ontlie duties of the ministry in 1849,
when he became Pastor of the First Presbyterian
Church at Hempstead, Long Island. In 1S50 he
went to Philadelphia as Pastor of the Second Pres-
byterian Church, and remained there until 1865,
when he accepted the chair he now fills, that of
Professor of the Harmony of Science and Revealed
Religion, at Princeton. Professor Shields is the
projector and first occupant, in any American Col-

daughter of Peter Pain of Albany, New York, and
his second wife, Klizabeth, daughter of Hon. John
K. Kane, and sister of the Arctic Explorer, Elisha
Kent Kane.

CHARLES VV. SHIELDS

lege, of a Professorship devoted to the philosophical
study of the relations of science and religion. He
is also the author of valuable philosophical, eccle-
siastical and literary works, such as Philosoiiliia
Ultima or Science of the Sciences, two volumes ;
The Order of the Sciences ; The Westminster Pres-
byterian Prayer Pjook, with Supplementary Treatise;
The United Church of the United States ; The
Arctic Monument named for Tennyson by Dr.
Kane ; The Reformers of Geneva, an Historical
Drama. Among the societies of which he is a
member, are the American Philosophical and the
American Geographical Societies, the Archaeological
Institute of America, and the University and the
Century Clubs of New York. He has been twice
married : his first wife was Charlotte Elizabeth,

SMITH, William, 1697-1769.

Born in Buckinghamshire, Eng., 1697; graduated at
Yale, 1719. where he was a Tutor ; admitted to the
Bar; one of the original projectors of Princeton;
Attorney-General of New York; Associate Justice of
New York ; died in New York, 1769.

WILLIAM SMl'I'H, A.M., one of the in-
corporators of the College of New Jersey,
was born in Buckinghamshire, England, October 8,
1697, came with his father to this country in 1715,
and was graduated at Yale in 1719, where he was
Tutor for five years. He was atlmitted to the Bar
of New York, where he practised with great success.
He was disbarred in 1733 on account of his taking
part in a lawsuit against Governor Cosby, but was
re-admitted three years later. He was one of the
original projectors of Princeton. He practised law
actively in New York and Connecticut, was made
Attorney-General of New York in 1751 and after
filling various offices of trust was made Associate
Justice of New York in 1763, a position he held
until his death in i 769. The New York Gazette in
an obituary notice of him said : " He was a gentle-
man of great erudition and was the most eloquent
speaker in the Province. He was of an amiable
and exemplary life and conversation, and a zealous
and inflexible friend to the cause of religion and
liberty."

SMITH, Herbert Stearns Squier, 1857-

Born in Elizabeth, N. J., 1857; fitted for College in
schools in Elizabeth; entered Princeton in 1874, and
graduated with the degree of C.E. in the Class of 1878 ;
Professor of Astronomy, Physics and Civil Engineering
in Kansas State University at Lawrence, 1878-83;
Instructor in Civil Engineering in Princeton, 1883-85 ;
Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering from 1885 to
1899; Prof. Applied Mechanics from March 1899 to the
present time.

HERBERT STEARNS SQUIER SMITH,
C.E., Professor of Applied Mechanics at
Princeton, was born in Ivlizabeth, New Jersey, May
31, 1857, son of I'^lijiUi Kellogg and Harriet Cole
( Squier ) Smith. On the paternal side he is of
English origin, through the Smiths who settled in
Long Island, and through his grandmother's fam-
ily (the Kelloggs) who migrated from England to
Connecticut. His maternal grandfather was of the

UNIFERSiriES JND THEIR SONS

Squier family of New Jersey, who were originally of SMITH, William Peartree, 1723-1801
French descent ; his maternal grandmother was a
Cole, a Scotch family, who were also New Jersey

settlers. Both his paternal and maternal ancestors
came to America rdjout one hundred and fifty years
ago. His early education was obtained in the
public schools of his native town and in the Tingry

Born in New York City, 1723; graduated at Yale,
1742; studied law but never practised; Trustee of
Princeton under the first and second charters ; died in
Elizabeth, N. J., 1801.

Il.I.lAM l'i:.\RrRi;i'. SMIIII, a.m., one
of the first Trustees of the College of New

School, also in l'",lizabctli. He entered Princeton Jersey under the first and second charters, was the
as an Academic freshman in 1S74, and fnini 1S75 gr.indson of William .Smith, Governor-General of
to 1S7S took the course in Civil Kngineering, grad- Jamaica, and the son of William Smith of New
uating with the degree of Civil Kngineer, in the Vork. He was born in that city in 1723 and was
Class of 187S. He has been a teacher ever since graduated at Yale in 1742, studied law, but never

practised, ha\ing a large estate. He married Mary,
daughter of Captain Bryant of ,\ml)f)y, New Jersey.
He was deeply interested in the struggle between
the Colonies and Great liritain, taking the side of the
Colonies. He lost much of his jiroperty through
the depreciation of currency. The lattiM- jiart of his
life was spent in ICliz.nbelh, New Jersey. He re-
signed as Trustee in 1793, and died in 1801.

H. S. S. SMITH

graduation. He was appointed Professor of Astron-
omy, Physics and Civil Engineering in the Kansas
State University at Lawrence, in 1S78, holding this
position until 1883, when he became Instructor in
Civil Pingineering at Princeton. In 18S5 he was
promoted to .Assistant Professor of Civil Kngineer-
ing, and in 1899 he was elected Professor of Applied
Mechanics which position he fills at the present
time. He is an associate member of the American
Society of Civil Engineers ; a member of the Ameri-
can Association for the Advancement of Science ;
of the Society for Promotion of Engineering Educa^
tion ; and of the Nassau Club. His political views
are those of independent Republican. He is
unmarried.

SMITH, Samuel Stanhope, 1750-1819.

Born in Pequea, Penn., 1750; graduated Princeton,
1769; Tutor in his father's Classical and Theological
School; Tutor at Princeton; President Hampden
Sydney College ; Professor Moral Philosophy and
Theology at Princeton; Vice-President and President
of Princeton; received LL.D. degree from Yale, 1783,
and from Harvard, 1810; died in Princeton, N.J., 1819.

SAMUEL STANHOPE SMITH, LL.D., seventh
President of Princeton, was the son of the
well-known clergyman and educator. Rev. Robert
Smith, who came to .America with his father at the
age of seven, from Londonderry, Ireland. Samuel
was born at Pequea, Pennsylvania, March 16, 1750.
He graduated from Princeton in 1769 and became
a Tutor in his father's classical and Theological
School at Pequea for a short time, after which he
returned to Princeton to study theology and was
also a Tutor there from 1770 to 1773. In 1774 he
was ordained to the Presbyterian ministry and be-
came a missionary in Virginia. The next year he
became the President of the new Hampden Sydney
College, an office which he continued to hold until
he was invited to take the Chair of Moral Philosophy
at Princeton in 1779. Dr. Smith devoted the best
years of his life to the rehabilitation of the College,
whose buildings were burned, whose funds were
exhausted and whose students were dispersed. He
added to his duties the Professorship of Theology
in 1783, and made considerable pecuniary sacrifices
to tide over a critical condition. He was made

UNIVERSITIES JND THEIR SONS

Vice-President in i 786, and Presitlcnt in 1795, in
succession to his falher-in-law, Dr. John Wither-
spoon, holding that office until 1S12. He aided
the cause of Presbyterianism by eloquent and power-

SAMUEL S. SMITH

ful preaching, and by eminent service upon a com-
mittee formed in 1786 to formulate a system of
church government. He received the degree of
Doctor of Laws from Yale in 1783 and from Har-
vard in 1 810. Some of his sermons were post-
humously published with a memoir. His other
works were Sermons, an Essay on the Causes of the
Variety of Complexion and Figure of the Human
Species ; A Comprehensive View of Natural and
Revealed Religion ; and Lectures on the Evidences
of Christian Religion and Moral and Political Phil-
osophy. Dr. Smith died at Princeton, August 21,
1819.

TENNENT, William, 1673-1746.

Born in Ireland in 1673; educated in Ireland, and
entered the Episcopal ministry; Chaplain to an Irish
nobleman; became a minister of the Presbyterian
Synod of Philadelphia; established and conducted
what was known as the Log College; died in Nesha-
ming, Penn., 1746.

WILLIAM TENNENT, Foimder and Princi-
pal of the Log College, which is regarded
as the germ from which Princeton and other lesser

institutions of learning originated, was born in Ire-
land in 1673, was educated in that country, entered
the ministry of the Episcopal Church, and became
Chaplain to an Irish nobleman. In 1718, he caine
to America with his family, and was received as a
minister of the Presbyterian Church by the Synod
of Philadelphia. After brief pastorates in various
localities, in 1726 he settled as Pastor in Nesham-
ing, Pennsylvania, where he remained for the rest of
his life, and where he established the first literary
institution higher than a common school in the
State of Pennsylvania. '1 his came to be known as
the Log College, and was conducted in a small log
building erected by Mr. Tennent in 1728, on land
given him for the purpose by a kinsman. In this
academy, conducted primarily for the instruction of
candidates for the ministry, were trained many
pupils that became eminent in the Presbyterian
Church. Mr. Tennent died in Neshaming, May 6,
1746.

TENNENT, William, Jr., 1705-1777.

Born in County Antrim, Ireland, 1705; educated at
the Log College; Pastor at New Brunswick, N. J.;
Trustee and President pro tern, of Princeton; died at
Freehold, N. J., 1777.

WILLIAM TENNENT, JR., Trustee of Prince-
ton, son of AViUiam Tennent (1673-
1746), was born in County Antrim, Ireland, Jan-
uary 3, 1705. He came to this country with his
father, in whose Log College he received his pre-
paratory education, afterwards studying theology
with his brother Gilbert, then Pastor at New liruns-
wick, New Jersey. Here, when he had nearly fin-
ished his theological course, a remarkable trance
came upon him, in which he remained for several
days as one dead. His physician refused to per-
mit his burial, and efforts to resuscitate him were
finally successful, although for some weeks his life
was despaired of. After this he was obliged to
learn anew to read and write, and had no recollec-
tion of his past life, until sometime afterwards he
felt a sudden bursting of something in his head,
when his former knowledge and the memory of
events began slowly to return. He subsequently
asserted that during his trance he thought himself
in Heaven, and that afterwards the recollection of
the glories he had seen and heard was so vivid as
to blot out for a long time all interest in earthly
things. Mr. Tennent was in 1733 ordained at Free-
hold, New Jersey, as successor to his brother John,
and continued in that Pastorate for over forty years.

UNIfERSJTJKS JM) TIII'.IK SONS

He was one of the originnl 'I'lustecs of Princeton,
in I 74S, anil lie continued a nieniher of tlie lioanl
until the end of life, serving in the meantime a short
term as I'resiilent pro tern, lie died at Freehold,
March 8, 1777. A detailed account of his trance
was given in a memoir hy l-^lias lioudinot, publisheil
in New York in ICS47.

TENNENT, Gilbert, 1703-1764.

Born in County Armagh, Ireland, 1703; educated by
his father; taught in the Log College; licensed to
preach and held a Pastorate in New Brunswick, N. J. ;
went abroad to collect funds by request of the Trustees
of Princeton; received the A.M. degree from Yale,
1725; died in Philadelphia, 1764.

GILlil'lRT TENNENT, A.M., one of the first
Trustees of Princeton, son of ^Villiam Ten-
ncnt of Log College fame, was born in County
Armagh, Ireland, February 5, 1703, came to this
countrv with his father, was educated by him, and

GILBERT TENNENT

for some time taught in the Log College. He com-
menced the study of medicine, but abandoned it for
divinity, and in 1725 was licensed to preach by the
Philadelphia Presbytery. He held a Pastorate at
New Brunswick, New Jersey, for some years, and
subsequently made a tour with George Whitefield at
the latter's request. In i 744 he was settled over a

new chinch formed by Whiteficld's admirers in
l'hiladeii)hia, where he l)e(:ime one of the most
conspicuous clergymen of his day. In 1753 lie
went abro.id at the request of the 'I'rustees of
Princeton, in company with Rev. Samuel I);ivies, on
a mission to secure funds for th;it institution, whicii
had successful results. Mr. Tennent recx'ived the
honorary degree of Master of .Arts from Vale in
1725. He died in Philailelphia, July 23, 17C4.

WITHERSPOON, John, 1722-1794.

Born in Gifford, Scotland, 1722; graduated at the
University of Edinburgh, 1742 ; President of Princeton ;
Professor of Divinity at Princeton; member of both
the Provincial and Continental Congresses; member
of the War Board and other important committees;
died near Princeton, 1794.

JOHN WITHERSPOON, D.D., seventh Presi-
dent of Princeton, was born in Gifford, Had-
dingtonshire, Scotland, February 5, 1722. He was
a son of the Rev. James Witherspoon, minister of
the Parish of Yester, and on the maternal side was
a descendant of John Knox. He was graduated
from Edinburgh University in 1742 and ordained to
the ministry three years later, but to the general
reader the most interesting portion of his career
begins with his inauguration to the Presidency of
Princeton. Soon after his arrival he began the
somewhat arduous task of replenishing the College
treasury, and having succeeded in that laudable
undertaking he next turned his attention to the cur-
riculum which he enlarged by adding political
science and international law to the philosophical
course. He reserved for himself the Chair of
Divinity, introduced in tiiis country the system of
metaphysics which was then being taught in Scot-
land by Thomas Reid, established the method of
instruction by lectures by delivering himself regular
discourses on rhetoric, moral philosophy, history and
theology, and through his administrative ability the
College grew rapidly both in size and importance.
In 1772 he introduced the study of Hebrew and
French. Besides his duties as President and in-
structor he officiated for many years as the regular
Pastor of the church in Princeton, and was foremost
among the Presbyterians in supporting the cause
of the Colonists during the exciting period whicli
preceded the Declaration of Independence. Dr.
Witherspoon from the hour of his landing accepted
America as his adopted country, and his exertions in
behalf of its development and prosperity were until-

UNIJ'ERSITIES .IND TflFJR SONS

ing. His influence was the means of causing many VREELAND, Williamson Up Dike 1870-

of his countrymen to become patriots, and the Born in Rocky Hill, N. J., 1870; fitted for College in

weii^ht of his moral support during the dark days of Princeton Preparatory School, from which he gradu-
thc' national struggle, cannot be too highly csti- a"=d in 1888; graduated Princeton, Class of 1892,

receiving the fellowship in modern languages ; went
abroad in 1892, and spent the next two years in study
on the European Continent ; returned to Princeton and
1894-1897 was Instructor in Romance Languages ; since
1897 has been Assistant Professor of French in the
Academic Department of Princeton.

WILLIAMSON UP DIKK VREELAND, A.
M., Assistant Professor of French at Prince-
ton, was born in Rocky Hill, New Jersey, August
30, 1870, son of Jacob iM. and Louisa (Up Dike)
Vreeland. His ancestors were Dutch on both the
paternal and maternal side. His preparation for
College was received at the Princeton Preparatory
School, from which he graduated in 1888. He then
entered Princeton and graduated in the Class of
1S92, being awanled the fellowship in modern lan-
guages. He went abroad immediately after gradu-
ation, and took one year of post graduate work at
the Sorbonne, Paris. The next year was spent in
Italy and Spain, studying the Italian and Spanish
languages and literature. He returned to Prince-

JOHN WITHERSPOON

mated. He was a member of both the Provincial
and Continental Congresses, served upon the famous
secret committee which figured so conspicuously in
perfecting the war preparations, was a member of
the War Board in 1778, and of several other im-
portant committees. Retiring from Congress per-
manently in 1783 he visited England for the purpose
of soliciting funds for his University, but as might
have been expected he found the people too full of
bitterness toward Americans, and his mission was
therefore a failure. LTpon his return he relinquished
teaching in order to devote his time exclusively to
the administrative department, and his last days were
spent upon his farm near Princeton. Dr. Wither-
spoon's first [uiblication of note was Ecclesiastical
Characteristics, or the Arcana of Church Policy ;
being an humble attempt to open up the Mystery of
Moderation, first issued anonymously but later
avowed in a Serious Apology for the Characteristics,
and his other writings, which were numerous, in-
clude, besides sermons, works upon philosophical,
political, financial and religious subjects. He re-
ceived the degree of Doctor of Divinity from the
University of Aberdeen in 1764.

U. VREELAND

ton as Instructor in Romance Languages, in the
fall of 1894, and served in that capacity for three
years. Since 1897 he has been Assistant Professor
of French in the Academic Department of Princeton.

UNII KRShflES AND rilElli SONS

While an undergraduate, he was a member of the
CUosoiihie Literary Society. In politics, he is an
Independent Republican. He is unmarried.

the degree of Doctor of I'liilosophy from Ooltingen
in 1S92, and in 1894 was made I'rofessor of Mathe-
matics in Princeton. He is a member of the Amer-
ican Malheniatical Society. He is not married.

THOMPSON, Henry Dallas, 1864-

Born ill Metuchen, N J, 1864; graduated Princeton
with degree of A. B, Class of 1885; Fellow at Prince-
ton. 1885 1886; Fellow at Johns Hopkins. 1886 1887;
received degree of A. M. from Princeton. 1888 ; ap-
pointed Tutor in Mathematics at Princeton, 1888;
received degree of D. Sc from Princeton. 1889; made
Assistant Professor of Mathematics, 1891 ; received
degree of Ph.D. at Gbttingen in 1892 ; made Professor
of Mathematics at Princeton in 1894.

HI:NRV DALLAS THOMPSON, D..Sc., Ph.D.,
I'rofessor of Mathematics at Princeton, was
horn in Metuchen, New Jerse)', August 24, 1S64,

H. D. THOMPSON

son of John IJodin and Hannah Garrignes (Reeve)
Thompson. He was graduated from Princeton with
the degree of P.achelor of Arts in the Class of 1SS5 ;
was Fellow in Princeton from 18S5 to 1886, and
from 1886 to 1887 was Fellow at Johns Hopkins.
For post graduate work at Princeton, he received
the degree of Master of Arts in 18S8, and that of
Doctor of Science in 18S9. He w^as Tutor in
Mathematics in Princeton in 18S8, and in 1S91 was
made .'\ssistant Professor of the same. He received

VOL. II. — 7

WILSON, Woodrow, 1856-

Born in Staunton, Va, 1856; fitted for College in
private schools in Augusta, Ga., and Columbia. S C ,
graduated at Princeton with degree of A. B., Class of
1879; studied law at University of Va.. 1879-80; prac-
tised law in Atlanta, Ga., 1882-83; studied history and
politics at the Johns Hopkins. 1883-85; was Associate
Professor of History and Political Economy at Bryn
Mawr College, 1885-88; Professor of History and Poli-
tical Economy, Wesleyan University, Middletown,
Conn., i888-go; since i8go has been Professor of Juris-
prudence at Princeton ; received degree of A.M from
Princeton, 1882, and from the Johns Hopkins he received
the degree of Ph.D. in 1886 ; was Lecturer on Adminis-
tration at Johns Hopkins, 1887-1898.

WOODRUW WILSON, Ph.D., LL.D., Pro-
fessor of Jurisprudence at Princeton, was
born in Staunton, Virginia, December 28, 1856,
son of the Rev. Joseph Ruggles \\'ilson, D.D., and
Jessie (Woodrow) Wilson. On the maternal side
he is of Scotch, and on the paternal side of Scotch-
Irish, ancestry, his mother being a descendant of
Thomas Wodrow (the original spelling of the name),
who was the earliest historian of the church of Scot-
land, and whose name has been taken by the Wod-
row Historical Society of Scotland. His preparation
for College was obtained in private schools in Au-
gusta, Georgia, and in Columbia, South Carolina, at
each of which places his father was Pastor of the
Presbyterian church. He graduated from Princeton,
with the degree of Bachelor of .Arts, in the Class of
1879, and after studying law for a year at tiie L'ni-
versity of Virginia, entered upon the practice of his
])rofession at .\tlanta, Georgia. During the three
years following — 1 8S0-S3 — and while still engaged
in the practice of law, he decitled to become a teacher,
and with that object in view took up the study of
history and politics at the Johns Hopkins University,
in 1S83. In 1885 he became Associate Professor
of History and Political Economy at P.ryn Mawr
College, serving in tliat capacity until 188S, when
he was called to the chair of Professor of History
and Political Economy in Wesleyan Lfniversity,
Middletown, Connecticut. Since 1890 he has been
Professor of Jurisprudence at Princeton, and also
held the position of I,ecturer on Administration at
the Johns Hopkins from 1887 to 189S. He received
the degree of Master of Arts from Princeton in 1S82,

UNIVERSITIES AND TIIFJR SONS

and Ihat of Doctor of I'liilosophy fiom the Johns
Hopkins in i8S6. He received the honorary degree
of Doctor of T,n\vs from Wake Forest University in
18S7, and from Tulane University in 1898. Profes-

WOOUROW WILSON

sor Wilson is a member of the American Historical
Association, the Soutliern History Association,
American Economic Association, American Philo-
sophical Society, American Academy of Histori-
cal and Political Science, and the American Bar
Association ; and is a Corresponding Member
of the Massachusetts Historical Society and of the
Historical Society of Alabama. He acted with
the Democratic party until 1886, but subscribes to
the principles of the Indianapolis platform of that
year. He was married in Savannah, Georgia, June
24, 1885, to Ellen Louise Axson. They have three
chiklren : Margaret, Jessie Woodrow and Eleanor
Randolph Wilson. He has published the following
books : Congressional Government : A Study in
American Politics ; The State : Elements of Histo-
rical and Practical Politics ; Division and Reunion,
1829-1SS9; An Old Master and Other Political
Essays ; George Washington ; Mere Literature and
Other Essays.

WYCKOFF, Walter Augustus, 1865-

Born in Mainpuri, North West Provinces, India, 1865 ;
received his early education in India, and fitted for

College at the Freehold Institute, Freehold, N. J.;
graduated Princeton with the degree of B.A., Class of
1888; spent two years in study and teaching, and nearly
two more in travel and investigation in the United
States, and two years abroad, going twice around the
world ; re-entered Princeton in 1894 as Fellow in Social
Science; appointed Lecturer on Sociology in the
University, 1895, ^"'i Assistant Professor of Political
Economy, June 1898.

WALTER AUGUSl'US WYCKOFF, Assistant
Professor of Political Economy at Prince-
ton, was born in Mainpuri, India, April 12, 1865,
son of Rev. Benjamin DuBois and IMelissa (Johnson)
Wyckoff. He is descended on the paternal side
from Claess Corneliszen von Schonw, who emigrated
from the island of Schonw, off the coast of Friezland,
to New .-Xmsterdam, in 1636. His son, Peter Claesen,
was given the name Wyckoff, (a name compounded
of the two Dutch words — wick, parish and hqf,
court), because of his position as Magistrate of
Flatlands. A maternal ancestor w-as Robert John-
son, who came from Hull, England, to New Haven,
about 1640. His son, Thomas Johnson, was one
of the first settlers of Newark, New Jersey. Mr.
Wyckoff began his preparation for College while a

WALTER A. WYCKOFF

boy in India, and later was a student at the Freehold
Institute in Freehold, New Jersey. He graduated
from Princeton, with the degree of Bachelor of Arts,
with the Class of 18SS. After graduation he spent

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

two years in study and teaching and nearly two more
in extensive travel and investigation in the United
States, before going abroad, where he spent two
more years of travel, twice making the tour of the
world, and visiting many regions little frequented by
the average tourist. He re-entered Princeton in the
autumn of 1894 as Fellow in Social Science, and in
1895 was appointed Lecturer on Sociology in the
University, and was elected Assistant Professor of
Political l-xonomy in June 1S98, which position he
continues to fill. He is a member of the Cliosophic
Society ; of the Nassau and Ivy Clubs of Princeton ;
and of the Princeton, the Reform, the University,
the .Authors', and the Century Clubs of New York.
He is an Independent Democrat. He is unmarried.

VAN DYKE, Henry Nevius, 1853-

Born in Mapleton, N. J., 1853; prepared for College
at School in Princeton; graduated at Princeton, Class
of 1872, with degree of A.B.; since 1873 has been
Registrar of Princeton.

HENRY NEVIUS VAN DYKE, A.M., Reg-
istrar of Princeton, was born in Mapleton,
New Jersey, March 22, 1S53, son of John (iordon

HENRY N. V.AN DYKE

of Arts, in the Class of 1S72. He was appointed
Registrar of Princeton in 1873. He was married,
November i8So, to .\nnie Rogers. 'Phcy have two

children: .MexandiT Dean, and Arthur Cordon \'an
Dyke.

and Elizabeth (Melick) Van Dyke; both parents
being of Dutch ancestry. He was fitted for College
at school in Princeton, and graduated from the
College of New Jersey, with the degree of ISnehclor

BRECKENRIDGE, John, 1797-1841.

Born in Cabell's Dale, Ky., 1797 ; graduated at
Princeton, 1818; Tutor there 1820-21; entered the
Presbyterian ministry and was Chaplain of the United
States Congress 1822-23 \ preached in Lexington, Ky.,
four years; Associate Pastor of a church in Baltimore,
five years ; Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of
Education, Philadelphia, 1831-1836 ; appointed a Pro-
fessor in the latter year at the Princeton Theological
Seminary and Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of
Foreign Missions in 1838; Trustee of Princeton, 1830-
1841 ; died, 1841.

JOHN BRECKENRIDGE, D.D., Trustee of
Princeton, was born at Cabell's Dale, Ken-
tucky, July 4, 1 797. He was a son of John Prccken-
ridge, United States Senator and ."Xttorncy-Ceneral
in President Jefferson's Cabinet. While a student
at Princeton he became converted and decided to
enter the Presbyterian ministry, .\fter graduating
(1 818) he studied theology, serving as a Tutor in
the Academic Department for the year 1 820-1 821,
and received from the Presbytery of New Brunswick
in the following year a license to preach. He offi-
ciated as Chaplain to Congress during the .Session"
of 1822-1S23 and during tlic latter year was installed
as Pastor of the Church in Lexington, Kentucky.
In 1826 he went to the Second Presbyterian Church,
Baltimore, Maryland, the Pastorate of which he shared
with Dr. Glendy for five years and in 1831 was
summoned to Philadelphia to become Secretary and
General Agent of the Presbyterian ISoard of Educa-
tion. He resigned that position in 1836 to accept
the Professorship of Pastoral Theology at the Prince-
ton Theological Seminary, and when the Presbyterian
lioard of Foreign Missions was established (1S38)
lie became its Secretary. He also served as a Trus-
tee of Princeton from 1830 to 1S41. Dr. lireck-
enridge died while on a visit to his old home in
Kentucky, August 4, 1841, from the effects of his
arduous la1)ors in lu'lialf of thi- Missionary Board
and at the Diviiiily School. He was made a Doctor
of Divinity by the University of the City of New
York in 1S35. Just before his death he received a
call to the Presidency of Oglethorpe University,
Georgia. He was firm in his adherence to the prin-
ciples of the old school. He published a number of
))olemiral writings.

loo

UNIVERSITIES JND THEIR SONS

ALEXANDER, William, 1726-1783.

Born in New York City, 1726; was a prosperous
merchant ; a staunch Revolutionary patriot ; one of the
founders of King's College; died, 1783.

WILLIAM ALEXANDER (Earl of Stirling),
one of the first Governors of King's CoL
lege, now Columbia, was born in New York City in
1726. He was a son of James Alexander, who fol-
lowed the fortunes of a pretender to the English
throne imtil forced to take refuge in America where
he accumulated a fortune anil became Colonial
Secretary. James Alexander died in 1752 and his
widow was again married to one David Provost, who
died shortly afterward. When a young man, William
Alexander was a provision merchant and entering the
Commissariat Department of the British Army, be-
came an Aide-de-Camp to Governor Shirley. Visiting
London in i 757 for the purpose of proving his heir-
ship to the Earldom of Stirling, the House of Peers
refused to recognize his claim and his desire to
resent the injustice done him smouldered within his
breast until the breaking-out of the Revolutionary
War gave him an opportunity to requite his personal
wrongs as well as those of the Colonists, with whom he
was an ardent sympathizer. Enlisting in the Conti-
nental Army he rendered distinguished services in the
battles of Long Island, Monmouth, Rrandywine and
Germantown, and rose to the rank of Major-General.
Previous to the War he held the office of Surveyor-
General and was a member of the Provincial
Council. Lord Stirling took an active interest in
educational affairs, having acquired proficiency in
the higher branches of study including mathematics
and astronomy, and besides his efforts in organizing
King's College, which became known as Columbia
after the War, he acted as its Governor from 1762
to 1776. Hisdeath occurred in Albany, January 15,
1783 and was caused by a severe attack of the gout.
He was the autiior of a pamphlet entitled The Con-
duct of Major-General Shirley Briefly Stated, written
in defence of that officer when charged with neglect
of duty, and he also wrote an Account of the Comet
of June an<l July, 1770.

BARNARD, Frederick Augustus Porter,
1809-1889.

Born in Sheffield, Mass., iScg; graduated at Yale,
1828; Tutor at Yale; teacher in the Asylum for the
Deaf and Dumb at Hartford, also for the Deaf and
Dumb at N. Y. City; Professor of Mathematics and
Natural Philosophy at the University of Ala., also
Professor of Chemistry; Professor of Mathematics and

Astronomy in the University of Miss., also President;
had charge of the publication of the U. S. Coast Survey,
Maps and Charts; President of Columbia; U. S. Com-
missioner to the Universal Exposition at Paris, 1867;
U. S. Assistant Commissioner General to the Paris
Exposition, 1878 ; President of the American Associa-
tion for the Advancement of Science ; President of the
Board of Experts of the American Bureau of Mines;
President of the American Institute ; one of the incor-
porators of the National Academy of Sciences and
Foreign Sec. of that Body; received LL.D. from
Jefferson College, 1855 and from Yale, 1859, D.D.from
University of Miss.; Trustee of Columbia; endowed
Columbia; died at N. Y. City, i88g.

FREDERICK A. P. BARNARD, S.T.D., LL.D.,
L.H.D., D.C.L., tenth President of Columbia,
was born in Sheffield, Massachusetts, May 5, 1S09,

FREDERICK A. P. B.ARN.iRD

and was graduated at Vale in 1S2S. Erom 1829 to
1 83 1 he was a Tutor in the College. In 1S31 lie
was a teacher in the .Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb
at Hartford, and in 1S32 became similarly engaged
in the Deaf and I hniib Institution at New Vork.
Erom 1837 to 1S48 he was Professor of Mathe-
matics and Natural Philosophy in the ITniversity of
Alabama, and then filled the Chair u{ Chemistry
vintil 1854. In that year he took orders in the
Episcopal Church. He then became Professor
of Mathematics and .\stronomy in the University
of Mississippi, and in 1856 was elected President of
that institution. At the opening of the Civil War
he returned North, and he was a member of the

UNIVERSIl'IES AND THEIR SONS

TOT

Labrador expedition, sent to observe the solar
eclipse of i<S6o, was engaged in reducing observa-
tions of stars in the Southern Hemisphere in 1862,
and had charge of tlie ]iublication of the llnited
States Coast Survey Maps and Charts in 1S63. In
1S64 he became President of Columbia, in wliich
ofifice he served until 1S89. Dr. Barnaril was
United States Commissioner to the Universal Ex-
position at Paris in 1S67, and was United States
Assistant Commissioner-Ccneral to the Paris Ex-
position of 1 8 78. He was President of the Amer-
ican Association for the Advancement of Science in
i860. President of the P>oard of Experts of the
American lUireau of Mines in 1S65, and President
of the American Institute in 1S72. He was one
of the incorporators of the National Academy of
Sciences, and Foreign Secretary of that body
1874-S0. Picsides being a contributor to the
Ameiican Journal of Education from its begin-
ning, and to SiUiman's Journal since 1837, he has
published many treatises, reports, essays, etc., on
Collegiate and University education, and on various
scientific, mathematical, philosojihical and educa-
tional subjects. The degree of Doctor of Laws
was conferred upon him by Jefferson College in
1855 and by Yale in 1859 ; that of Doctor of
Divinity by the University of Mississippi in 1861 ;
and that of Doctor of Literature by the University
of the State of New York in 1872. Dr. Barnard
dieil .April 27, 1S89, bequeathing to Columbia
besides his library and scientific apparatus, his
residuary estate, amounting to over $70,000, to
be invested as follows: ";? 10,000 to be set apart
to found a fellowship for encouraging scientific re-
search ; and the remainder to constitute a fund
under the name of the Barnard Fund for the
Increase of the Library, the income to be de-
voted to the puichase of such books as from time
to time may be most needed, especially relating
to physical or astronomical science, excepting so
much of such income as shall be necessary to pro-
vide for a gold medal, to be styled the Barnard
Medal for Meritorious Service to Science, to be
awarded at the close of every quinquennial period
to such person, whctlier a citizen of the United
States or any other country, as shall w'ithin the five
years next preceding have made such discovery in
physical or astronomical science, or such new ap-
plication of science to the benefit of the human
race, as in the judgment of the National Academy
of Sciences of the United States shall be esteemcrl
most worthy of such honor." Pursuant to tlic terms

of the will, tlie Trustees of Columbia established in
18S9 the Barnard Fellowship for encouraging Scien-
tific Research, the Barnartl Fund for the Increase
of the Library and the JJarnard Medal for Meritori-
ous Service to Science. The death of President
Barnard's widow, Margaret M. Barnard, occurred
soon after, and her will contained the following
bequest : " The portrait of my husband taken when
he was about thirty-four years old, I give to Colum-
bia College. Whatever I leave in the way of money
or real estate must go to augment the smn left by
my husband to Columbia. My husband's best gold
watch must be sold or disposed of in such manner
as also to increase the fund left by Mr. Barnard for
the College fund." The estate amounted to nearly
Si 6,000. As a memorial of President and Mrs.
Barnard, the Trustees of Columbia erected a chapel
and moniunent at Sheffield, Massachusetts, President
Barnard's birthplace.

BARD, Samuel, 1742-1821.

Born in Philadelphia, Penn , 1742; attended King's
College; graduated at the Edinburgh University. 1765;
assisted in establishing a Medical School in connection
with King's College; Professor of the Practice of
Medicine and Dean of the Faculty; President of the
College of Physicians and Surgeons; received LL D ,
from Princeton, 1815; died at Hyde Park, N. Y., 1821.

SAMUEL BARD, M.D., LL.D., Founder of the
Medical School of Columbia, was born in Phil-
adelphia, April I, 1742, son of Dr. John Bard, first
President of the New York Medical Society. After
attending King's College, he studied medicine in
Edinburgh Plniversity, where he received his doc-
tor's degree in 1765, after whicli he travelled exten-
sively in Europe. On his return to this countrv in
1767 he began practice in New York in partnership
with his father. Soon after, his exertions to that
end resulted in establishing a Medical School in
connection with King's College, in which he be-
came Professor of the Practice of Medicine and
subsequently Dean of the Faculty- In 1 769 a
hospital was built, but its loss by fire delayed its
establishment until 1791. In 1798 Dr. Bard re-
tired to Hyde Park, New York, where he oecu])ied
himself with agriculture and scientific pursuits during
the remainder of his life, returning to New York
however to render charitable professional services in
a yellow fever epidemic, and during which he con-
tracted the disease. He was the author of various
published treatises on medical and scientific sub-
jects. \V'hen the Colimihia Medical School was

Io2

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

organized as a separate institution, under the name
of tlie College of Physicians and Surgeons, in i<Si3,
he became its first President and held that office for
the rest of his life. Princeton conferred on him
the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws in 1815.
He died in Hyde Park, New York, May 24, 1821.

AUCHMUTY, Samuel, 1722-1777.

Born in Boston, Mass., 1722; graduated at Harvard,
1742 ; Assistant Minister and Rector of Trinity Church,
N. Y. City; received the S.T.D. degree from Columbia,
1767, and from Oxford, 1776; died in N. Y. City, 1777.

SAMUEL AUCHMUTY, S.T.D., Governor of
King's College, was born in Boston, Massa-
chusetts, January 16, 1722, son of Robert Auch-

?.' H^'SiWJ^.^'-t . '.^t-^.V-^iW^";'

SAMUEL AUCHMUTY

miity, who in 1699 emigrated from Ireland to
Boston, where he became a prominent lawyer and
an officer of the Court of Admiralty. He w,'is
descended from a family settled in Fife, Scotland, in
the fourteenth century. Dr. Auchmuty was gradu-
ated at Harvard in 1742, and after studying theology
in England was appointed Assistant Minister of
Trinity Church, New York. From 1759 to 1764 he
officiated as one of the Governors of King's College.
In 1764 he became Kector, also having charge of
all the churches in the city. His persistence in

reading prayers for the King from his pulpit during
the Revolution finally brought \ipon him a peremj)-
tory order to desist from Lord Stirling, in command
of the forces at New York, whereupon he closed the
churches and withdrew to New Jersey, ordering that
no services should be helil until the prayers could be
read without abridgment. Dr. Auchmuty suflered
many hartlships on account of his zealous advocacy
of the Crown. ^Vhen the British captured New
York he succeeded after great difficulties in passing
the American lines, but found his church and par-
sonage burned and the church records destroyed,
and the exjiosures that he underwent in evading the
American sentinels resulted in his death, March 6,
1777. He was given the degree of Doctor of
Divinity by Columbia in 1767 and by Oxford in
1776.

BECK, John Brodhead, 1794-1851.

Born in Schenectady, N. Y., 1794; graduated at
Columbia in 1813, and at the College of Physicians and
Surgeons 1817; practised in New York City; edited
New York Medical and Physical Journal, 1822-1829 ;
Professor Materia Medica and Botany, College of
Physicians and Surgeons, 1826-1851 ; Trustee of Colum-
bia, 1838-1851 ; author of several important inedical
works; died in Rhinebeck, N. Y., 1851.

JOHN BRODHEAD BECK, M.D., Trustee of
Columbia, was born in Schenectady, New
York, September iS, 1794, son of Caleb Beck and
nephew of Rev. Dr. John V>. Romeyn, in whose
house he received his early education. He was
graduated at Columbia in 1813 and at the College
of Physicians and .Surgeons in 181 7, and in the
latter year entered upon the practice of medicine
in New York City. The Master of Arts degree was
given him by Union in 1S16 and by Columbia in
181 8. In 1 82 6 he became Professor of Materia
Medica and Botany in the College of Physicians and
Surgeons, and although he subsequently exchanged
the Chair of Botany for that of Medical Jurispru-
dence, he remained a member of the Faculty of the
College until his death, his period of service cover-
ing a quarter of a century. From 183S until the
end of his life he was also a Trustee of Columbia.
1 )r. Beck published various medical works, including
a collection of medical essays, a treatise on Infant
Therapeutics; and a Historical Sketch of the State
of Medicine in the Colonies. He also assisted his
brother. Dr. T. Romeyn Beck, in the preparation of
his great work. Elements of Medical Jurisprudence.
He died in Rhinebeck, New York, April 9, 185 i.

UNIIERSITII'-.S .INI) 'rill'.IR SONS

1 O'

BENSON, Egbert, 1746-1833.

Born in N. Y. City, 1746; graduated at King's Col-
lege, 1765; meinber of the Revolutionary Committee
of Safety; first Attorney-General of N. Y. ; member of
the Continental Congress ; Circuit Judge of the Federal
Court ; member of Congress ; President of the N. Y.
Historical Society; Trustee of Columbia; Regent of
the N. Y. University; received LL.D. degree from
Union, 1779. from Harvard, 1808 and from Dartmouth,
1811; died at Jamaica, L. I., 1833

EC.liERT LENSON, LL.D., 'J'nistec of Colum-
bia, was born in New York City, June 21.
1746, was graduated at King's College in 1765, and

by New \ork of the I'Vderal Constitution. 'Liio
iionorary degree of Doctor of Laws was conferred
on liiui by I'niiin in 1779 and l)y li;irvard in 1S08,
;ind lie was similarly honored by Dartmouth in iSi 1.
lie died at Jamaica, Long Island, .August 24, 1833.

EGBERT BENSON

adopted the legal profession. After serving as a
member of the Revolutionary Committee of Safety
he became, in 1777, the first Attorney-General of
New York. He was a member of the Continental
Congress 17S4-178S, to which he was returned for
another term, and from 1794 to 1802 he was a Cir-
cuit Judge of the Federal Court. Subsequently,
1813-1815, he served a term as Member of Con-
gress. Judge Benson was the first President of the
New York Historical Society, and from 1789 to
1S02 was Regent of New York University. He was
distinguished for eloquence and learning, and was
the author of Vindications of the Captors of Major
Andre, and Memoirs on Dutch Names and Places.
He also took an active part in securing the adoption

BOWDEN, John, 1751-1817.

Born in Ireland, 1751 ; came to America when young ;
studied at Princeton; was graduated at King's Col-
lege ; ordained to the Episcopal ministry in England ;
was an Assistant at Trinity Church, N. Y. ; Rector of
a church in Norwalk, Conn,, five years; Principal of
an Episcopal Academy in Cheshire, Conn., six years ;
declined the Bishopric of Connecticut in 1796; Pro-
fessor of Moral Philosophy. Belles lettres and Logic
at Columbia, 18011817; died, 1817.

JOHN BOWDEN, S.T.D., a prominent mendjer
of the Columbia Faculty during the early part
of tlie nineteenth century, was born in Ireland,
January 7, 175 i. He was the son of a British sol-
dier whom he accompanied to .America when young,
and after studying at the College of New Jersey, now
I^rinceton, for two years, he went back to Europe.
Upon his return he entered King's College, now
Columbia, where he took his degree of Bachelor of
Arts in 1772, and that of Master of Arts was con-
ferred upon him later. After completing his prepa-
rations for orders in the Episcopal Church he visited
England for ordination in 17 74, and during the same
year was assigned to Trinity Church, New York, as
an assistant minister. Like many Established Church
clergymen, he did not support the American Revo-
lution, and therefore his i)osition during the period
of hostilities was somewhat uncomfortable. Resum-
ing his ministry in i 784 as Rector of the church in
Norwalk, Connecticut, he remained there until 17S9,
when he visited the West India Islands for the ben-
efit of his health, and was absent two years. Shortly
after his return he became Principal of the Episco-
pal Academy in Cheshire, Connecticut, over which
he presided for six years, and in 1796 was the unan-
imous choice of the convention for Bishop of that
Diocese, but was compelled to decline as his health
would not permit him to undertake its government.
In 1797, the degree of Doctor of Divinity was
conferred upon him by Columbia. He accepted
the Professorship of Moral Philosophy, Belles-lettres
and Logic in that Institution in 1801 and retained
. the Chair until his death, which occurred at Ballston
Spa, New York, July 31, 1 8 1 7. l^r. Bowden readily
conformed to the clianges in the wording of the
ritual introduced after the separation of the Colonies

I04

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

from tlie Mother Country, ami in an earnest aildress
to the church at Stratford, Connecticut, in 1792,
succeeded in securing the adoption of the American-
ized book of Common Prayer, contrary to tlie wishes
of the Rector, wlio was strenuously opposed to its
use. Among his published works are : Letters to
President Ezra Stiles of Yale College, Concerning
Church Government; A Full- Length Portrait of
Calvinism; The Essentials of Ordination; 'I'he
Apostolic Origin of the Iqiiscopacy ; and observa-
tions on the Catholic Controversy.

COCHRAN, John, 1730-1807.

Born in Sadsbury, Pa., 1730; studied medicine and
became a Surgeon in the British Army during the
French and Indian War; was Surgeon-General in the
Continental Army during the War for Independence;
was the first Commissioner of Loans for the State of
New York ; served as a Regent and Trustee of Colum-
bia ; died, 1807.

JOHN COCHRAN, M.D., Regent and 'I'rustee
of Columbia, was born in Sadsbury, Chester
county, Pennsylvania, September i, 1730. He was
a pupil at the grammar school taught by Dr. Francis
Allison, and having studied medicine and surgery
with Dr. Thompson, of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, he
entered the Hospital Department of the British
Army with which he served throughout the French
and Indian War, attaining high repute as a Surgeon.
He practised in Albany, New York, anil later in
New Brunswick, New Jersey, remaining in the latter
place until 1776, when he tendered his services to
the American Army and at the suggestion of Gen-
eral Washington received the appointment of Sur-
geon-General of the Middle Department. He was
made Director-General of Hospitals by Act of Con-
gress in 1 78 1, and in that capacity he greatly im-
proved that branch of the service. After the close
of the War he took up his residence in New York
City, and was appointeil Commissioner of Loans for
that State by President Washington, being the first
to hold that office. Dr. Cochran died in Palatine,
Montgomery county, New York, April 6, 1807. He
married Gertrude Schuyler of Albany, a sister of
General Philip Schuyler. While residing in New
Brunswick he was President of the New Jersey
Medical Society. In 1784, he became Regent and
a Trustee of Columbia, serving in the last-named
capacity for ten years, and his interest in that insti-
tution was extremely beneficial to its prosperity
under the new regime.

COOPER, Myles, 1735-1785.

Born in England, 1735; graduated at O.xford (Eng.),
1760: Fellow of Queen's College ; Professor of Mental
and Moral Philosophy at King's College ; President of
King's College; received the LL.D. degree from
Columbia, 1768; died at Edinburgh, Scotland, 1785.

MYLES COOPER, l.I .1)., second President
of King's (now Columbia) College, was
born in England in 1735 ; died in Edinburgh, Scot-
land, May I, 1785. He was graduated at Oxford
in 1 760, and became a Fellow of Queen's College.
In 1762 he came to America to assist President

MYLES COOPER

Samuel Johnson of King's College, and was ap-
pointed Professor of IMental and Moral Philosophy
in that institution. A year later he succeeded to
the Presidency of the College. It is said of him
that " through his means the College was raised in
reputation superior to all Colleges on the continent,
and that under his tuition was produced a number
of young men superior in learning and ability to any
that America had ever seen." He visited England
in 1 7 71, returning shortly before the War of the
Revolution. He remained loyal to the crown, and
his Tory sentiments not being relished by the students,
a party of them set off one night, in August 1775,
with the design of " seizing him in his bed, shaving
his head, cropping off his ears, slitting his nose.
Stripping him naked, and setting him adrift." To

UNIVERSITIES JND TI/EIR SONS

>05

stimulate them for the enterprise, however, the party
stopped for "a pTo|ier dose of Madeira" at a public
house, where the plot was overheard, and President
Cooper was warned just in time to make his escape
through a back window. He found shelter in the
house of a friend for the night, and in the morning
was conveyed on board a ISritish ship-of-war, in
which he sailed for England. The remainder of his
life was passed mainly in lulinburgh. In 1776 he
published a poem in the Gentleman's Magazine de-
scriptive of his escape from New York.

DUER, William Alexander, 1780-1858.

Born in Rhinebeck, N. Y., 1780; served as a Midship-
man under Decatur; studied law and was admitted to
the Bar; member of the State Assembly, served as
Chairman of a Committee on Colleges and Academies ;
Chairman of the Committee that arranged the constitu-
tionality of the state law vesting the right of navigation
in Livingston and Fulton; Judge of the Supreme Court
of N. Y. ; President of Columbia College ; died in N. Y.
City. 1858.

WIl.l.lAM A. DUKR, l.L.l), seventh Presi-
dent of Columbia, was born in Rhinebeck,
Xew York, September 8, 17S0, son of William and
Catherine (Alexander) Duer. His mother was a
daughter of (General William Alexander, the claimant
of the Scottish Karlilom of Stirling and was descended
from James Alexander, the DePeysters, Livingstons
and Schuylers. At the age of eighteen, during the
trouble with France in i 798, he secured an a|:ipoint-
ment and served as Midshipman in the navy under
Decatur. On his return he resumed the law studies
which had been interrupted by his naval service,
and upon admission to the Bar in 1S02 entered into
law business with Edward Livingston, then District
Attorney and I\Layor of New York. After Mr. Liv-
ingston's removal to New Orleans, he formed a part-
nership with his brother-in-law, P.everly Robinson.
Subsequently he joined Mr. Livingston at New
Orleans and studied Spanish civil law, but as tlie
climate did not agree with him he returned to New
York and resumed his practice in that city. Soon
afterwards he opened an office in Rhinebeck, and in
1814 was elected to the State Assembly, where he
served as Chairman of a Committee on Colleges and
Academies, in which capacity he drafted and secured
the passage of a bill which is the original of the
existing law on the subject of common-school income.
He also took an active and jirominent part in pro-
moting canal legislation, and was also Chairman of
-the Committee that arranged the constitutionality of

the state law vesting the right of navigation in Liv-
ingston and I'ulton. From 1822 he was a Judge of
the Supreme Court until 1829, when he was elected
President of Columbia, which office he held until
1S42, when he resigned on account of failing health.
He died in New York, ^L^y 30, 1858. After his
retirement from the Presidency of Columbia Judge
Duer wrote the life of his grandfather. Lord Stirling,

WILLIAM A. DUER

published by the Historical Society of New Jersey;
and in 1847 he delivered an address in tlie College
Chapel before the literary societies of Columbia,
which was also published.

DUANE, James, 1733-1797-

Born in N. Y. City. 1733; member of the Continent.iI
Congress; member of the N. Y. Provincial Congress,
also one of the Committee of Safety; Mayor of N. Y.
City; State Senator; member of the convention that
adopted the Federal Constitution ; U. S. District Judge
for N. Y. ; Governor of King's College and a Trustee
and Chairman of the Board ; died in Duanesburg,
N. Y., 1797.

JAMES DU.ANl'), one of the Governors of King's
College and later a Trustee of Columbia, was
born in New York City, February 6, 1733. He was
a member of the Continental C\)ngress as long as
that body existed, and in 1776-1777 was a mem-

1 o6

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

ber of tlie New York Provincial Congress, and
also one of the Committee of Safety. He was the
first Mayor of the Corporation of New York, serving
from 1784 to 17S9. From 1782 to 1785 and again
in 1789-1790 he was State Senator, and in 17S8
was a member of the convention that ado|)ted th.e
Federal Constitution. In 1789 he was appointed
United States District Judge for New York, in which
capacity he served until 1794. He was the leading
supporter of the claims of the New York settlers to
the lands in Vermont known as the " New Hamp-
shire Grant," and was an inlluential and vigorous.

-"'

■"1

■1

f^m

T^v^K

: ,v:*;.is

* \^

JAMES DUANE

but not extreme advocate of the measures which led
up to the American Revolution. Judge Duane was
a Governor of King's College i 762-1 770, one of the
Trustees of Columbia 1784-1795, and from 1787 to
1795 was Chairman of the Board of Trustees of that
■ institution. He died at Duanesburg, New York,
February i, i 797.

FISH, Hamilton, 1808-1893.

Born in N. Y. City, 1808; graduated at Co-
lumbia, 1827; studied law and admitted to the Bar;
Commissioner of Deeds; member of Congress from
the Sixth District of N. Y.; Governor of N.Y.; U.S.
Senator ; Secretary of State ; one of the Commissioners
of the U. S. to negotiate the Treaty of Washington ;

President of the N. Y Historical Society; President-
General of the N. Y. Society of the Cincinnati; died
in N. Y. City, 1893.

HAMILTON FISH, LL.I)., Trustee of Colum-
bia, and Chairman of the Board, was born
in New York City, August 3, 1808, son of Nicholas
Fish, a distinguished soldier of the Revolution and
Supervisor of the Revenue under President ^Vash-
ington. He was graduated at Columbia, in 1827,
studied law, anil after admission to the Bar was for
several years Commissioner of Deeds. In 1834 he
made his first entry into the arena of politics, as a
candidate of the Whig party for the State Assembly,
and was defeated. In 1842 he was elected to
Congress from the Sixth District of New York, over
the Democratic candidate, and served one term.
In 1S46 he was a candidate for Lieutenant-Gover-
nor, but although the Whig candidate for Governor
was elected, Mr. Fish was defeated by a faction
whose hostility he had incurred. A year later the
Governor resigned his office, on being appointed
Judge of the Court of Appeals, and Mr. Fish was
elected in his place. The following year he was
re-elected Governor by a large majority. In 1S51
he was elected to the United States Senate, where
he opposed the repeal of the Missouri Compromise,
and acted with the Republican party from its forma-
tion to tlie end of his term. After retiring from the
Senate he spent several years in Europe with his
firmily, returning shortly before the opening of the
Civil War, and taking an active part in the Presi-
dential campaign that resulted in the election of
Lincoln. Early in 1862 he was appointed by Secre-
tary Stanton a Commissioner, in conjunction with
Bishop Ames, to visit the Union soldiers imprisoned
at Richmond and elsewhere with a view to alleviat-
ing their necessities and providing for their comfort.
The Confederates refused to admit the Commis-
sioners within their lines, but signified a willingness
to negotiate for a general exchange of prisoners,
and an agreement was entered into for an equal
exchange, which was continued to the close of the
war. In 1869 Mr. Fish was appointed Secretary of
State by President Grant, and at the close of his
term was reappointed, under the second Grant ad-
ministration, serving continuously from March 1S69
to March 1877. In the Department of State he
inaugurated the system of examination of applicants
for consular service, as a test of their knowledge of
subjects connected with their duties. In 1871 he
was appointed by the President one of the Com-
missioners on the part of the United States to nego-

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

107

tiate the Treaty of Wasliington, whicli was sigucil
by him in May of that year. Through Mr. Fish's
efforts a settlement was effected of the long-stand-
ing Northwestern lioiindary question, giving the
island of San Juan to the United States, and success-
fully resisted an effort by Great Britain to change
the terms of the extradition treaty. In the matter
of the Alabama question, he procured the accept-
ance of a doctrine by the Geneva Tribunal, securing
the United States against claims for indirect dam-
ages arising out of Fenian raids or Cuban filibuster-
ing raids. He also negotiated in 1873, with

HAMILTON FISH

Admiral Polo, the Spanish Minister at Washington,
the settlement of the Virginius affair. Mr. Fish
was for several years President of the New York
Historical Society, and was President-General of
the New York Society of the Cincinnati. He died
in New York City in 1893.

FRANCIS, John Wakefield, 1789-1861.

Born in N. Y. City. 1789; graduated at Columbia,
i8og, and from the College of Physicians and Surgeons,
1809; assisted in editing The American Medical and
Philosophical Register; Lecturer in the Institute of
Medicine and Materia Medica, at the College of Physi-
cians and Surgeons ; Professor of Materia Medica at

Columbia; Professor of Jurisprudence and later Pro-
fessor of Obstetrics ; Professor of Obstetrics and
Forensic Medicine, at Rutgers School; member of the
N. Y. Historical Society, the N. Y. Lyceum of Natural
History, interested in the \A/oman's Hospital and the
State Inebriate Asylum .-ind the Typographical Society :
President of the N. Y. Academy of Medicine and
member of numerous medical and scientific associa
tions both in Europe and America; received LL.D.
from Trinity College, 1850; and from Columbia, i860;
died in N. Y., 1861.

JOHN \vAKi:i n:i,i) francis, m.d., i,i..1).,
Professor in the Medical School of Columbia,
was born in New York City, November 17, 17S9,
and was the son of a German emigrant who arrived in
America shortly after the close of the Revolutionary
War. He began to learn the printer's trade, but
deciding to enter professional life instead he pre-
pared for a collegiate education in such a tliorough
manner as to gain admission to the Junior Class at
Columbia, from which lie was gratluatcd in 1S09.
Having in the meantime taken up the study of
medicine with Dr. Hosack, with whom he was sub-
sequently associated in practice for some years, he
completed his professional preparation at the Col-
lege of Physicians and Surgeons in 1S09, the same
year of his College graduation. For four years he
edited jointly with Dr. Hosack The American Med-
ical and Philosophical Register, which was issued
quarterly, and accepting the appointment of Lec-
turer in the Institutes of Medicine and Materia
Medica at the College of Physicians and Surgeons
in 1S13, he continued in that capacity until the
Faculty was consolidated with that of Columbia
College, when he was chosen Professor of Materia
Medica. Visiting Europe in 1816 he studied umler
Abernethy, and while abroad became acquainted
with many eminent physicians and noted literary
men of that day. Upon his return he resumed his
duties at the Institute of Medicine, later taking the
Chair of Jurisprudence, and still later that of obstet-
rics. The entire F\aculty having resigned in 1S26,
the majority formed what was known as the Rutgers
School, in which I )r. Francis occupied the ( 'hairs of
Obstetrics and Forensic Medicine for four years, or
until that institution was closed by .-\ct of the Leg-
islature. He afterward divided his time between
his private practice and literary work, was for a
number of years actively interested in the New
York Historical Society, the New York Lyceum of
Natural History, the Woman's Hospital, the State
Inebriate Asylum and the Typographical Society.
In 1S47, he was elected first President of the New
York .'\cadcmy of Medicine, was a member of

UNIVERSITIES JND THEIR SONS

numerous medical and scientific associations both
in Europe and America, was in 1822 and 1824 one
of tlie Editors of tiie Medical and Pliysiral Journal,
and was a recognized connoisseur of the fine arts.
Dr. Francis died in New York City February S,
1 86 1. His publislied works are : Use of Mercury ;
Cases of Morbid Anatomy; Febrile Contagion;
Notice of Tliomas Eddy; Denman's Practice of
Midwifery, with notes ; Letter on Cholera Asphyxia
of I S3 2; Observations on the Mineral Waters of
Avon : The Anatomy of Drunkenness; and Old New
York, or Reminiscences of the Past Sixty Years,

JOHN W. FRANCIS

issued in 1857, enlarged in 1858, and reprinted
with a memoir by H. T. Tuckerraan in 1865. Dr.
Francis was honored by Trinity College with the
degree of Doctor of Laws in 1S50, and from Colum-
bia in 1S60. His sons, Valentine Mott, and Samuel
Ward Francis, both became physicians of repute,
and the former located in Newport, Rhode Island,
some years ago.

HAMILTON, Alexander, 1757-1804.

Born in Island of Nevis, West Indies, 1757: entered
King's College but did not graduate; Captain in the
Continental Army; Lieut. -Colonel on the staff of Gen.
Washington; studied law and admitted to the Bar;
Continental Receiver of Taxes for N. Y ; member of

Congress; delegate to the Convention at Annapolis
and Philadelphia ; Secretary of the Treasury ; In-
spector-General of the Army; Trustee of Columbia;
received the LL.D. degree from Dartmouth, 1790,
College of N. J., 1791, Harvard, 1792 and from Rut-
gers, 1792; died in N. Y., 1804.

ALEXANDER HAMILION, LL.D., Trustee
of Columbia, was born in tiie island of
Nevis, West Indies, January 11, 1757. It is gener-
ally supposed that his father was one James Hamil-
ton, a Scottish merchant, and that his motlier was a
French lady, the divorced wife of a Dane named
Lavine ; while some assert tliat she was a Miss
Lytton. There is, however, an imaccountable un-
certainty concerning his immediate ancestors, which
strange as it may seem, his sons and his biographers
have been totally unable to remove. His early
educational training was directed by the Rev. Hugh
Knox, a Presbyterian clergyman of Nevis, who saw
in the precocious boy the elements of future great-
ness, and whose kindly conceived interest in him
afterwards ripened into a warm personal friendship.
Owing to his father's failure in business young Ham-
ilton was at the age of thirteen thrown upon his own
resources, and accordingly ])laced in the mercantile
establishment of Nicholas Cruger, where he immedi-
ately displayed an extraordinary business capacity,
and his business letters, many of which have been
preserved, resemble those ot an experienced clerk,
instead of a novice. Even at that early age his
thoughts would admit of no air castles but instead
formed well-conceived ambitions and plans for the
future. His writings too equal in precocity his
business ability, and his contributions to the press
were so forcible and attractive as to cause his rela-
tives and friends to subscribe a sum of money suffi-
cient to procure tor him the advantages of a more
Hberal education. Full of ambition the boy of
fifteen sailed away from his native island, and land-
ing at Boston in October 1772, he proceeded im-
mediately to New York, where through the aid of
letters of introduction and recommendation provided
him by the Rev. Hugh Knox, he found influential
friends. During his College preparations at Eliza-
bethtown, New Jersey, he varied the monotony of
his studies by writing both prose and poetry, wliich
bore evidence of his fast developing genius, and at
King's College, now Columbia, his advancement
was rapid. It was while still a student that the
strained relations between the Colonies and the
Mother Country gave evidence of shortly cuhiiina-
ting in a general revolution, and liaving carefully
studied the situation both in New England and New

UNIVERSITIES JND THEIR SONS

109

\uik, Ilaiiiiltcin biciiiiu' rnnily conviiUTcl tli.it the
only eligible course by which liberty iiml justice
could be secured to tiie Americ:inH, was alisolute
separation from tiie I'.ritish (lovcrnmeiit. At a
public meeting held in New York, July 6, 1774 for
the ])urp()sc of compelling the Tory Assembly to
join the jiopular cause, he found his first oppor-
tunity for delivering a speech in public, and making
his way to the front the young collegian stirred the
hitherto drowsy assemblage into a state of unbounded
enthusiasm by the force of his eloquence, and the
unquestionable sincerity of his patriotism. Having

ALEXANDEIi HAMILTON

tlius obtained a footing in public afHiirs Hamilton
immediately set his facile pen in motion for the
purpose of impressing upon the minds of the Colo-
nists the necessity for quick and decisive action, and
when it became known that he was the author of
two pamphlets : A l'"ull N'indication and The Farmer
Refutt'd, which wiTe at first believed to have been
the work of John Jay or some other person of equal
prominence, he was thenceforth regarded as a leader
among the patriots. At the commencement of the
nation's struggle f)r indei>endence which he had
labored so effectively to i)roniote, he disjjlayed liis
executive abiHty and military genius by organizing
in a soldier-like manner a company of artillery which
he was commissioned by the New York Convention
to commainl, and liis conipan_\' uon distinction on

Long Island and at White I'lains. Ceneral C.rcene,
who witnessed his gallantry on these occasions, re-
(lortcd him favorably to (jeneral Wasiiington and
he was subsecpienlly summoned to the staff of the
Commander-in-Chief, with the rank cjf lieutenant-
Colonel. In that capacity he rendered able sir-
vices both regular and special \nilil taking offence
at a slight rejjroof from Washington, wlien he re-
signed, but continued in the service and closed his
military career by leading a detachment which cap-
tured one of the British redoubts at Yorktown.
Returning to New ^'ork he applied himself to the
stud)' of law, was duly admitted to the liar, and as
might be expecteil attained notoriety as a lawyer.
In tlie midst of an extensive practice, he however,
found time to s])eak and write his ideas concerning
public affairs, and became the recognized leader of
llie Federalist party in New York. He was ap-
pointed Continental Receiver of Taxes for New
York, was elected to Congress in 1782, was a dele-
gate to a convention at Annapolis, called for the
purpose of regulating commerce between the dif-
ferent states, whicii resulted in the assembling of
another convention in I'hiladelphia, in May 17S7,
with much larger scope. Although his associate
delegates from New York were strenuously oi^posed
to his views concerning a Federal Constitution,
Hamilton succeeded in creating no little excite-
ment among the members by jiroposing an aristo-
cratic instead of a Democratic re]wblic, knowing
well that such a scheme could not possibly prevail ;
but wisely determining that by modification and
amendments it would lead to the adoption of some
feasible form of governuient which would eventually
be ratifieil by the various states. These conjectures
proved correct, and although he took no further
]iart in the debates he was present to sign the
Constitution, which lie vigorously defended against
its numerous opponents in New York, and by his
political sagacitv, perseverance and powerfiil argu-
ments, secured at the polls a complete victory for
ratification. From that time forward Hamilton was
conspicuous among the leading statesmen of his
day, and it has been truthfully said that to record
the history of his distinguished ])ublic services woulil
be to write a history of the I'nited States for the
twenty years following the close of the Revolutionary
War. As Secretary of the Treasury in \\'ashington's
Cabinet he forniulatc(l our financial system, and his
first report on ovir national credit is considereil one
of the most notable ])ublic documents in our history.
Although he rclireil from the <abinet in 1795. he

I 10

UNIVERSITIES ANT) THEIR SONS

continued to figure prominently in the jiublic affairs
of his state and the nation by constantly giving his
advice and counsel to tiie President and other offi-
cials ; defended the Jay Treaty ; served with marked
ability as Inspector-General of the Army ; and in
his later years when practically retired from public
life his pen was dexterously employed to increase and
strengthen his party. His unfortunate political con-
troversy with Aaron Burr and his tragic death at the
hands of the former are familiar facts to the majority
of Americans, who regard him as one of the foremost
men of his time, and pre-eminently fitted for the
great work he was called upon to accomjilish. Mr.
Hamilton served as a Trustee of Columbia from
1774 to 1804, and he received the honorary degree
of Doctor of Laws from Dartmouth in 1790, Prince-
ton in 1 79 1, Harvard in 1792 and Rutgers in 1792.
On December 14, 1780, Alexander Hamilton mar-
ried Elizabeth Schuyler, daughter of General Philip
Schuyler. Their sons were : Philip, who on Novem-
ber 24, 1801, was killed in a duel fought upon the
spot where his father was to fall some three years
later ; Alexander, a distinguished soldier ; James
Alexander, lawyer and soldier who published rem-
iniscences of his father ; John Church, who wrote
a memoir and edited the works of his father; Wil-
liam Steven, who was a surveyor of public lands in
Illinois, served in the Black Hawk War and finally
removed to California ; and Philip Hamilton, Jurist.

DUYCKINCK, Evert Augustus, 1816-1878.

Born in N. Y. City, 1816; graduated at Columbia,
1835; studied law and admitted to the Bar, but never
practised; Trustee of Columbia; published the Cyclo-
paedia of American Literature and many other books
and papers; died in N. Y. City, 1878.

EVERT AUGUSTUS DUYCKINCK, A.M.,
Trustee of Columbia, was born in New York
City, November 23, 18 16, son of Evert Duyckinck, a
well-known New York publisher. He was graduated
at Columbia in 1S35, studied law with John .\nthon,
and was admitted to the Bar in 1837, but never
practised. He had been a contributor to the New
York Review, and after a year spent abroad, he
decided to devote himself to literature. In 1S40,
with Cornelius Matthews, he started a monthly peri-
odical called the Arcturus, which was continued for
several years and to which he contributed articles
on American and foreign authors. In 1847, Mr.
Duyckinck with his brother George established the
Literary World, a weekly review of books, the fine

arts, etc., of which he was the Editor, and which
with a single year's exception was juiblished until
the close of 1853; and in 1854 the brothers were
associated in the preparation of the Cyclopaedia
of American Literature. Besides this work Mr.
Duyckinck published, among others, an American
edition of Wilmot's Poets of the Nineteenth Cen-
tury ; Irvingiana, a collection of anecdotes of Wash-
ington Irving ; History of the War for the Union,
three volumes ; Poems Relating to the .■\merican Re-
volution, with Memoirs of the Authors; National
Gallery of Eminent Americans, two volumes ; History

EVEKT A. I)L\CK1>;lK

of the World from the Earliest Period to the Present
Time, four volumes ; and an extensive series of Biog-
raphies of Eminent Men and Women of Europe
and America. He died in New York City, August
13, 187S. In January 1879, a meeting in his
memory was held by the New York Historical So-
ciety, and a biographical sketch of Mr. Duyckinck
was read by William Allen Butler.

DWIGHT, Theodore William, 1822-1892.

Born in Catskill, N. Y., 1832; graduated at Ham-
ilton College, Clinton, N. Y., -1840; studied at the
Yale Law School; Tutor at Hamilton; Professor of
Law, History, Civil Polity and Political Economy, at
that institution; Professor of Municipal Law at

UNIFERSiriES AND THEIR SONS

1 1 I

Columbia, also Warden; appointed by Gov. Dix a
member of the Commission of Appeals ; Vice-President
of the State Board of Public Charities; President of
the State Prison Association; Associate Editor of the
American Law Register; received LL.D. degree from
Columbia, i860; died, 1892.

Tlli;OI)t)Rl': WILLIAM DWKUM', LL.D.,
who established at Columbia a reputation
as one of the most successful American teachers of
law, was the son of Benjamin \\'oolsey Dwight, and
grandson of the first President, Timothy Dwight of
Yale. He was born in Catskill, New York, July 18,
1822, and was graduated at Hamilton College,

THEODORE W. UWIGHT

Clinton, New York, in 1840. After studying at
Yale Law School in 1841-1S42, he was a Tutor at
Hamilton from 1S42 to 1S46, and from the latter
year until 1S5S held the Chair of Law, History,
Civil Polity and Political Economy in that institution.
In 1858 he was elected Professor of Municipal Law
in Columbia, and on the organization of Columbia
Law School he was made its Warden. Professor
Dwight was in 1873 appointed by Governor Dix a
member of the Commission of Appeals, which in
the two following years aided the Court of Appeals
to clear its docket, was Vice-President of the State
Board of Public Charities in 1873, and President of
the State Prison Association in 1874. He was for
a long time .Associate Editor of the American Law

Register, and in 1 886 was Counsel for the five Pro-
fessors of .\ndover Theological Seminary against
w-hom charges of heterodo.xy were made before the
Board of Visitors of that institution. Dr. Dwight
published in 1863 a pamphlet entitled Charitable
Uses, embodying his researches in the Rose will
case, which lie argued in that year, and he wrote the
first elaborate report of the State Board of Charities,
setting forth the abuses of the ]ioor-law system then
in force. He was also the author and editor of
various other jjublislud ])am]ihlets and works,
including legal arguments and writings on political
economy. Dr. Dwight received the degree of
Doctor of Laws from Columbia in i860. He died
in 1892.

JAY, John, 1745-1829.

Born in N Y. City, 1745 ; graduated at King's College,
1764; studied law and admitted to the Bar; delegate
to the Congress of Deputies ; member of the Committee
of Observation in N. Y. on whose recommendation the
counties elected a Provincial Congress ; member of
the second Congress; drafted the State Constitution
adopted by the Convention of N. Y. ; Chief-Justice of
N. Y.; again went to Congress and was made Presi-
dent of that body; Minister to Spain; Commissioner
to negotiate peace with Great Britain; Secretary for
Foreign Affairs; first Chief-Justice of the U. S. Su-
preme Court ; Special Envoy to Great Britain, at
which convention the famous "Jay Treaty " was con-
cluded; Governor of N. Y. ; received the LL.D. degree
from Harvard, 1790, from the University of Edin-
burgh, 1792 and from Brown, 1794; died in Bedford,
N. Y., 1829.

JOHN JAY, LL.D., Regent of Columbia, was
born in New York City, of Huguenot descent,
L>ecember 12, 1745, stuilied under Pastor Stoope of
the French Church at New Rochelle, New York, and
was graduated at King's College in 1764. He then
studied law with Benjamin Kissam, having Lindley
Murray as a fellow-student, was admitted to the Bar
in 1766, and entered upon practice in New York.
In 1776 he was a delegate to the Congress of Dep-
uties from the Colonies which met in Philadelphia,
and as one of a committee of three he prepared the
" Address to the People of Great Britain " which
Jefferson, while ignorant of its authorship, declared
to be "a production of the finest pen in America."
Mr. Jay was an active member of the Committee of
Observation in New York, on whose recommenda-
tion the counties elected a Provincial Congress, and
was also a member of the second Congress which
met in Philadelphia, and drafted the "address to
the People of Canada and Irelaiul." .At this con-

I I 2

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

gress too he carried, against a strong opposition, a
petition to the King, the subsequent rejection of
which by the King, leaving no alternati\e but sub-
mission or resistance, led to the general ac<|nies-
cence in the Declaration of Independence. He
drafted the State Constitution atlopted by the Con-
vention of New York, and in 1777 was appointed
Chief-Justice of the State. Soon after he was again
sent to Congress and was made President of that
body. In the following year he was appointed
Minister to Spain, and later one of the Commis-
sioners to negotiate a peace with Great Britain. In

JOHN JAY

this latter connection Mr. Jay accomplished what
was undoubtedly the greatest service of his long and
brilliant public career. By skilful diplomacy he
was chiefly instrumental in conciliating the grave
differences of opinion between the .'\mericans and
their French allies on the terms of peace, and he
took the lead in the proceedings that resulted in
the consummation of a treaty, which, though in direct
violation of the instructions of Congress, was signed
in September 1783, and saved this country nearly
the whole of the Mississippi and Gulf States, from
which vast territory, as well as from the navigation
of the Mississippi, the United States would have
been shut out, had the home instructions of the
Commissioners been followed. Mr. Jay returned
to New York in July 1784, Congress having elected
him Secretary for Foreign Affairs, which post he

held until the establishment of the I'edcral Govern-
ment in i7''^9, when in response to an offer from
President Washington of whatever place he might
prefer, he took the office of first Chief-Justice of the
United States Supreme Cinirt. In 1794, as Special
Envoy to Great Britain, with which our relations
were then strained, he concluded with Lord Gran-
ville the convention known in American history as
the "Jay Treaty," by the ratification of which a war
with England was averted. A few days before his
return from luigland he was elected Governor of
New York. After serving two terms he was ap-
jiointed by President Adams to his former position
as Chief-Justice of the Supreme Court, but declined
the honor, and retired to his estate " Bedford " in
Westchester county, where the remainder of his life
was passed. The last office that he filled was the
Presidency of the American Bible Society. Mr.
Jay was given the honorary degree of Doctor of
Laws by Harvard in 1790, by the University of
Edinburgh in 1792 and by lirown LJniversity in
1794. He died at Bedford, May 17, 1829.

HARRIS, William, 1765-1829.

Born in Springfield, Mass., 1765; graduated at Har-
vard, 1786; studied theology and was licensed to
preach; studied medicine; ordained a Deacon and a
Priest; Rector of St. Michael's Church at Marblehead,
Mass.; conducted the Academy at that place; Rector
of St. Mark's Church at N. Y. City; President of
Columbia ; received D.D. degree from Harvard and
Columbia, 1811; died in N. Y. City, 1829.

WILLIAM HARRIS, S.T.D., sixth President
of Columbia, was born in Springfield,
Massachusetts, April 29, 1765 ; died in New York
City, October iB, 1829. He was graduated at
Harvard in i 786, and after studying theology was
licensed as a Congregational minister. Finding his
health unequal to the work, he began the study of
medicine in Salem, Massachusetts. ^Vhile thus en-
gaged his views upon the subject of church polity
underwent a change, and his health becoming re-
stored, he was in 1791 ordained Deacon, and the
following Sunday, Priest, in Trinity Church, New-
York, by Bishop Provost. From 1791 until 1S02
he was Rector of St. Michael's Church at Marble-
head, Massachusetts, and also conducted the academy
at that place. In the latter year he became Rector
of St. Mark's Church in New York City, and soon
after established an excellent classical school near
his rectory. When Bishop Moore resigned the

UNIVERSITIES AND TIIF.IK SONS

I 1

Prcsidi'iicv i)f Columbia, in iSii, |)i. ll.inis was
chosfii liis successor. l''or several )'ears he scfN'ed
both St. Mark's ami Columbia, but in i8i6 he re-
signed his Rectorship and devoted the rest of his

do so; and after the Declaration of Indepcnilence,
he closed his i hurcli and retired to T'lushing, Long
Island, wliicii then was in possession of the liiitish.
After Washington's defeat he followed the Roval
Army to New \'ork, and in 1777 was chosen Rector
of Trinity. At tlu' evacuation in 1783 he went to
Xo\a S(()tia, antl in 17S7 to England, where he
was consecrated the first Bishop of Nova Scotia,
with jurisdiction over all the North American Pro-
vinces. He had the distinction of being the first
Colonial Bishop of the Church of England. In
1770 Mr. Inglis was made one of the Governors
of King's College, which had conferred upon him

WILLIAM HARRIS

life to his duties as President of the College. He
received the degree of Doctor of Divinity from
Harvard and from Columbia in 181 1.

CHARLES INGLIS

the honorary degree of Master of Arts in 1767.
This office he retained until his removal to Halifax,
Nova Scotia, where he ilied February 24, 181 6.

INGLIS, Charles, 1734-1816.

Born in Ireland, 1734; had charge of the free school
at Lancaster, Penn. ; licensed to preach and appointed
missionary at Dover, Del.; Assistant Minister of
Trinity Church, N. Y. City ; Rector of Trinity; Col-
onial Bishop of the Church of England; one of the
Governors of King's College, which gave him the
A.M. degree; died in Halifax, Nova Scotia, 1816.

IIARLES INGLIS, S.T.D., one of the Gov-
^ ernors of King's College, was born in Ireland,
iu 1734. Emigrating to this country, he was iu HOFFMAN, Ogden. 1793-1856.
charge of the free school at Lancaster, Pennsylva-
nia, previous to 1759. In 1758 he was licensed by
the Bishop of London and appointed Missionary at
Dover, Delaware, where he labored from 1759 to
1765, when he became Assistant Minister of Trinity
Church, New York City. In 1775 '''^ refused to
omit from his service the prayer for the King and
Royal Family, although requested by AVashington to

Born in N. Y. City, 1793; graduated at Columbia,
1812; midshipman under Decatur; studied law and
admitted to the Bar; District Attorney of Orange
county; member of Congress; Attorney-General of
NY.; Trustee of Columbia; received LL.D. degree
from Harvard; died at N. Y. City, 1856.

0(;i)KN HOFFMAN, LL.D., Trustee of Co-
lumbi.i, was born in New York City, May 3,
1793, and was graduated at Cohunbia in 1S12.

114

UNIiERStriES AND rilEIR SONS

After gnidualion lie entered the navy as midship-
man, and was with Decatur in the Barbary War, in
which he served with distinguished gallantry. In
iSi6 he studied law with his father, and subse-

OGDEN HOFFMAN

quently completed his studies for the legal profes-
sion with a lawyer in Goshen, New York. During
twenty-five years after his admission to the Bar he
was counsel in almost every noted criminal trial in
New York. He was District Attorney of Orange
county in 1823, member of the Assembly 1825-
1828, District Attorney 1S29-1835, a member of
Congress in 1S36 and Attorney-General of the
State in 1S53. Mr. Hoffman served as a Trustee
of Columbia from 1833 to 1856. He died in New
York, May i, 1856. Harvard conferred on him the
degree of Doctor of Laws.

tical Society ; Manager and Corresponding Secretary
of the N. Y. Historical Society ; President of the Hugue-
not Society; received LL.D. from Columbia, 1831 ;
gave to the Columbia Law Library what is known as
the "Jay Library"; died in N. Y. City, 1894.

JOHN JAY, L1..1)., to whom Columbia is in-
debted for the valual)le Jay Library, was born
in New York City, June 23, 181 7, son of Judge
^Villiam Jay. He was graduated at Columbia in
1836, studied law, and after admission to the ]'>ar
came into prominence for his active opposition to
slavery. He acted as counsel for many fugitive
slaves, and was a strong advocate of St. Philip's
Colored Church, which was admitted to the Protes-
tant f^piscopal Convention after a nine-years contest.
He was instrumental in organizing the Broadway
Tabernacle meetings in 1S54, wliich led the way to
the dissolution of the Whig party and the formation
of the Republican organization at Syracuse in the
following year. During the Civil War he acted with
the Union League Club, of which he was President
in 1866 and again in 1877. In 1869, he was
appointed L^nited States Minister to .\ustria, and in
that capacity rendered his country most efficient

JAY, John, 1817-1894.

Born in N. Y. City, 1817; graduated at Columbia,
1836; studied law and admitted to the Bar; counsel
for fugitive slaves, and an advocate of St. Philip's

Colored Church which was admitted to the Protestant JOHN JAY

Episcopal Convention ; President of the Union League

Club; U. S. Minister to Austria ; Chairman of the Jay service, resigning and returning home in 1S75. In
Commission to investigate the system at the N. Y. jg^^^ ^g ggj.ygj ^^ Chairman of the [ay C.)mmission
Custom House; Republican member of the State Civil . . , xt t , /-,

„ . „ . . c V V, K J u n -1 • to mvestigate the system at the New York Custom

Service Commission of which body he was President; ^ -'

associated with the American Geographical and Statis- House, and in 1873, he was appointed by Governor

UNIFERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

115

Cievelanil :is the Republican nioniber of tlio State-
Civil Service Coinniissinn, of which body he was
President until 1.S77. Mr. Jiy ""'^ prominently
associated in the early history of the American dec-
graphical and Statistical Society, was for a long time
Manager and Corresponiling Secretary of the New
York Historical Society, and first President of the
Huguenot Society, organized at New York in 1855.
Many of his speeches and pamphlets have been
published and widely circulated. Columbia con-
ferred on him tlie honorary degree of Doctor of
Vaw'a in 1 39 1. In i860, Mr. Jay gave to the Law
Library of Columbia a collection of six hundred ami
fifty volumes from the libraries of his grandfather,
John Jay, LL.D., Class of 1764, the first Chief-Jus-
tice of the United States ; of his uncle, Peter A. Jay,
Class of I 794, at one time Recorder of New York ;
and of his father, Judge William Jay, on condition
that the collections be kept together and known as
the "Jay l,ibrary.'' He died in 1S94.

pen. When i lean llerkclcy came to this country
Mr. Johnson made his acquaintance, which resulletl
in a warm friendship between them, and when the
former was about to return to luirope. the latter
suggested the gifts to Yale which Pierkeley afterwards
made. In 1746 Dr. Johnson issueil a work on
moral philosophy, designed to counteract what he
deemed the dangerous views that were tlicn s])reail-
ing. In 1752 this work was imblished in an
enlarged edition by lienjamin l-'ranklin at Philadel-
phia, for the use of the College then about to be
established in that city. The author was urged to

JOHNSON, Samuel, 1696-1772.

Born in Guilford, Conn., 1696; graduated at Yale,
1714: Tutor, 1716-19; entered the Congregational min-
istry, 1720; became an Episcopalian convert 1722 and
was ordained in England and assigned to a mission in
Stratford, Conn. ; suggested to Dean Berkeley the Yale
scholarships founded by the latter ; ably defended the
Established Church during the religious controversy
of his day; first President of King's College (now
Columbia) ; resigned in 1763 and spent his last years
a'c his former mission in Stratford, Conn., where he
died in 1772.

SAMUEL JOHNSON, S.T.D., first President of
King's College, now Columbia, was born in
Guilford, Connecticut, October 14, 1696; died in
Stratford, Connecticut, January 6, 1772. He was a
great-grandson of Robert Johnson, who came from
England to New Haven about 1637. He was grad-
uated at Yale in 17 14, and became a Tutor two
years later, when the College was removed from
Saybrook to New Haven. Having studied theology
in the meantime, in 17 19 he resigned his Tutorship,
and was soon after ordained Pastor of the Congrega-
tit)nal Church in West Haven. He had however a
strong predilection for Episcopacy, and in 1722 an
acquaintance formed with an Episcopalian clergy-
man who was settled at Stratford resulted in his
conversion to that faith. He went to England and
was ordained, and on his return was assigned to the
mission at Stratford, where he soon became vigor-
ously engageil in the defence of Iqjiscojjacy with his

S.-iMUEL JOHNSON

become President of the new institution, but de-
clined. In 17S3 he was invited by a number of
prominent Episcopalians and others of New York
to remove to that city with a view to assuming the
Presidency of King's College, for which the .Assem-
bly had granted a charter. He accepted, anil
assumed the duties of his ofifice on July 17. 1754,
which he continued to discharge until 1763, inaugu-
rating the policy and course of the College, obtain-
ing subscriptions for its endowment, and safely
guiding the institution through its early vicissitudes.
His resignation was tendered on account of family
troubles and his advanced age. Returning to Strat-
ford to reside with his son, he was in the following
year reappointed to the charge of his old parish,

ti6

UNIVERSITIES ANt) THEIR SONS

where he officiated until his death. Dr. Johnson
received tlie degree of Master of Arts in 1723 from
both Oxford and Cambridge, and that of Doctor of
Divinity twenty years later from the former institu-
tion.

IRVING, John Treat, 1778-1838.

Born in N. Y. City, in 1778; graduated at Columbia,
1798; studied law and admitted to the Bar; member of
the N. Y. Assembly; the first Judge of the N. Y. Court
of Common Pleas; Trustee of Columbia; died in
N. Y. City, 1838.

JOHN TREAT IRVINC;, Trustee of Columbia,
was born in New York City in 1778, son of
William and Sarah (Sanders) Irving, and brother of

JOHN T. IRVING

W'ashington Irving. His father was a native of the
Orkneys. He was graduated at Columbia in 179S,
studied law after graduation, and after admission to
the Bar practised his profession in New York City.
He was a member of the New York Assembly in
1S16-1817, and in the latter year was appointed the
first Judge of the New York Court of Common
Pleas, an office which he held until his death.
From 1818 to 183S he was a Trustee of Columbia.
He died in New Y'ork, March 18, 1838. In early
life Mr. Irving was of a literary turn and wrote for
his brother's paper, The Chronicle, in which his
political satires were a popular feature.

JOHNSON, William Samuel, 1727-1819.

Born in Stratford, Conn., 1727; graduated at Yale,
1744; studied law and admitted to the Bar; member
of the General Assembly ; delegate to the Stamp-Act-
Congress in N. Y. ; member of the Governor's Coun-
cil ; sent on a mission to the Court of Great Britain ;
Associate Judge of the Superior Court of the Colony;
member of the Continental Congress ; Chairman of
the Committee of Five, to revise the Federal Consti-
tution; U. S. Senator; President of Columbia; re-
ceived the D.C.L. degree from Oxford. 1776; and the
LL.D. from Yale, 1788; died in Stratford, Conn., 1819.

WILLIAM SAMUEL JOHNSON, LL.D.,
third President of Columbia, was born in
Stratford, Connecticut, October 7, 1727, son of Dr.
Samuel Johnson, Columbia's first President. He
died in Stratford, November 14, 1819. He was
graduated at Yale in i 744, studied law, was admitted
to the Bar, and soon took high rank in his profes-
sion. He represented Stratford in several sessions
of the General Assembly, was a delegate to the
Stamp-Act-Congress in New York, and subsequently
was a member of the Governor's Council. While
serving in the latter capacity he was sent abroad on
a mission to the Court of Great Britain to present
the claims of the Colony regarding its title to the
territory occupied by the remnant of the Mohcgan
tribe of Indians. On account of delays interposed
by his opponents, his return was delayed until late
in I 771. In the following year he was appointed
an .Associate Judge of the Superior Court of the
Colony, but served for only a few months. He
retired from the Governor's Council before the
Declaration of Independence, and not being able
conscientiously to take part in a war against Eng-
land, lived in retirement at Stratford until peace
was declared, when he resumed the practice of his
profession. He afterwards served as a Member of
the Continental Congress, was at the head of the
Connecticut delegation to the Convention for the
formation of a Federal Constitution, and was Chair-
man of the Committee of Five appointed to revise
the wording of the instrument and arrange its arti-
cles. He also resumed his place in the upper
house of the Connecticut Assembly, which he lield
until elected the first United States Senator from
that state in 1789. In March 1791, he resigned
his Senatorship in order to give his whole time to the
Presidency of Columbia, to which office he had
been elected in May 1787, and which he held until
1800, when fiiling health led him to resign, and he
retired to Stratford, where he resided until his
death. Dr. Johnson received the degree of Doctor

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

117

i>f Civil Law fniiii Oxford in 1776, and tliat of Doc- some years was Surrogate of Rensselaer county,
tor of Laws tVom Vale in 17S8. lie was the earli- James Kent was also a Yale graduate, Class of 17S1,
est graduate of Vale to receive an honorary degree and one of the founders of the I'hi IJeta Kappa So-
in law, as his ftither had been the first to receive a ciety in 1780. In 17S7 he became a counsellor at

law, having been admitted to practice as an attorney
two years previous, and locating in Poughkeepsie,
began the practice of his profession, at the same
lime continuing his studies by devoting the early
morning hours, and some of his evenings, to reading
Latin, Greek, French and luiglish literature. He
was elected to the Legislature in 1790 and 1792,
but as the Federalist candidate for Congress in 1793
he was defeated. ILs familiarity with the legal
writers of Continental Lurojie made him thoroughly
conversant with the princi[)les of Civil Law, and
upon his removal to New Vork City he was ai)i)ointed
Professor of Law at Columbia, in which capacity he
continued until 179S. In 1796 Governor Jay ap-
])ointed him one of the two Masters in Chancery,
and the same year he was elected to the Legislature
from New York City. He was api)ointed Recorder
of New York City in 1797, was in the following year

WII.I.IA.M S. JOHNSON

similar degree in Divinity. His letters written while
in Great Britain have been published by the Massa-
chusetts Historical Society and his services have
been further commemorated in a Sketch by John T.
Irving, and in Life and Times of W. S. Johnson, b\'
Rev. E. Edwards Beardsley, D.D.

KENT, James, 1763-1847.

Born in Putnam county, N. Y., 1763 ; graduated at
Yale, 1781 ; one of the founders of the Phi Beta Kappa
Society, 1780; studied law and admitted to the Bar;
member of the Conn. Legislature ; Professor of Law
at Columbia; appointed Master in Chancery; member
of the N. Y. Legislature: Recorder of N. Y. City;
Chief-Justice of the N. Y. Supreme Court ; Chancellor
of N. Y. ; author of Commentaries on American Law ;
received LL.D. degree from Columbia, 1797, from
Harvard. 1810, from Dartmouth and University of
Penn , i8ig; died in N. Y. City, 1847. JAMES KKNT

JAMHS KENT, LL.D., Professor of Law at Co-
lumbia, was born in Putnam county, .New elevated to the Supreme i'.ench and became Chief-
York, July 31, 1763. His grandfather. Rev. Elisha Justice in 1S04. At that time the courts depended
Kent, was a graduate of Vale, Class of I 729, and his wholly upon luiglish precedents to assist them in
father, Moss Kent, who was graduated from the same tlieir decisions and Judge Kent midertook the task
institution in 1752, became an able lawyer, and for of adapting the principles of Ivnglisli Common Law

ii8

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

to suit the needs of n. new and progressive nation.
He was also conspicuous in planning and directing
the establishment of American Jurisprudence, clearly
defined the principles of Commercial, Maritime and
International l,a\v, and the law governing contract
obligation; and his opinions resulted from patient
and exhaustive research. As Chancellor of New
\'cirk, tlie duties of which lie entered upon in 1S14,
he brought into public favor the Court of Chancery,
which had hitherto been unpopular on account of its
dilatory and expensive forms of practice, and by en-
larging its functions, thereby admitting the proper
administration of the true doctrine of Ciiaucery, he
opened the way for the establishment of Equity
Jurisprudence in the United States. At the age of
sixty years, though physically and mentally vigorous,
he was forced to retire from the Supreme Bench
by a statute whicli was afterwartl repealed, and he
almost immediately resumed the Professorship of
Law in Columbia College. During his long term
upon the bench he resided at Albany, but returned
to New York after his retirement, and he died in
that city December 12, 1847. Retiring from the
Law Department of Columbia in 1825, he devoted
the rest of iiis life to chamber practice and the
revision of his works. His Commentaries on Amer-
ican Law, which were called by Judge Story the first
Judicial Classic in the United States, are generally
regarded as equal to those of Blackstone and still
considered a standard work on general law through-
out the Lhiited States. Judge Kent published other
important works, and at the request of the City
Council Ire prepared a compendious treatise on the
Charter of the City of New York, and on the Powers
of the Mayor, Aldermen and other Municipal Offi-
cers. He received the honorary degree of Doctor
of Laws from Columbia in 1797, from Harvard in
1 8 10, from Dartmouth, and from the University of
Pennsylvania in 1819. His son William was ap-
pointed Judge of the Circuit Court of New York,
but resigned in order to accept a I'rofessorship at
the Harvard Law School, where he remained one
year.

HONE, Philip, 1781-3851.

Born in N. Y. City, in 1781 ; Mayor of N. Y. City;
Naval Officer of N. Y. ; Trustee of Columbia; one of
the founders of the Mercantile Library Association;
died at N. Y. City, 1851.

PHIUr HONE, Trustee of Columbia and a
successful merchant of New York, was born
in that city in 1781, and died there May 4, 1851.

He was Mayor of New York in 1S25-1S26. and
gave the city a most efficient and popular adminis-
tration of civic affairs. He subsecjuently served as
Naval Officer of New York, under apiiointmcnt by
President Taylor. Mr. Hone was noteil for his
noble and generous ciiaracter, and for his fine social
qualities. He served as a 'I'rustee of Columbia

PHILIP HONE

from 1824 to 1 85 1, and was one of the founders
of the Mercantile Library Association, wliich has
honored his memory by a marble bust which stands
in the hall of the New York Mercantile Library.

KING, Charles, 1789-1867.

Born in N. Y. City, 1789; educated at Harrow. Eng.
and at Paris; entered business in N. Y. City; member
of the N. Y. Legislature; Editor of N. Y. American
and Courier and Enquirer; President of Columbia;
died in Frascati, Italy, 1867.

CHARLES KING, LL.D., ninth President of
Columbia, was born in New York City,
March 16, 17S9 ; died in Frascati, Italy, in October
1867. He was the second son of Rufus King, who
was appointed Minister to England by Washington
in I 796, served 'during the administration of Jolin
Adams and two years of that of Jefferson, and was
again appointed to the post by John Quincy Adams
in 1825. He was educated abroad, at Harrow,

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

I I <

Englaiul, and at Paris, lie entered upon a business
career in New Yorl<. in whieli he was actively en-
gaged at the opening dC the War of iSi 2. Although
he believed the war was injudicious, he supported
the government loyally, both in tlie Legislature of
New York, to which he was elected in 1813, and as
a volunteer in the following year. I'he failure of the
business house willi which he was connected led
him to transfer his activities to the field of journal-
ism, and for many years he was engaged with John-
ston Ver])lanck in the publication of a conservative
newspaper under the name of the New York Ameri-

CHAKLES KIXG

can, of which he was sole Editor from 1827 to 1845.
In the latter year he became one of the Editors of
the Courier and Enquirer, and continued in that
post until 1S49, when he was chosen President of
Columbia. He " gave himself heartily to the duties
of his new office, advancing the interests of the
College in every way by his scholarship, energy and
wise management." He resigned the Presidency in
1S63, and the following year went to Europe, where
he remained until his death.

tionary Army as Captain, Major, Aide de-Camp and
Lieut. -Colonel ; Private Secretary to John Jay. Min-
ister to Spain; Judge of the N. Y. Supreme Court;
Associate Justice of the U S Supreme Court ; Trustee
and Treasurer of Columbia; Trustee of the N. Y.
Society Library; Second Vice-President of the N. Y.
Historical Society; received the LL.D. degree from
Harvard, 1818; died in Washington, D. C, 1823.

HICNRV UROCKllOLST L1VIN(;.ST0N,
LI..!)., Trustee and Treasurer of Cohmi-
bia, was born in New York City, November 26,

1757. He was descended from a famous Scotch
family which made itself prominent on both sides of
the Atlantic. The first representative of the family
in America was Robert Livingston, w-ho came to
Albany, New ^'ork, from Ancruni, Scotland, wliere
he was born in 1654. He was graduated at Prince-
ton in 1774, and studied law with Peter Yates at
Albany. He served in the Revolutionary Army as
Captain, Major, Aide to (leneral St. Claire in tlie
Siege of Ticonderoga, and Lieutenant-Colonel under
General Schuyler. In 1779 he went abroad as Pri-
vate Secretary to his brothcr-in-hw, John Jay, L'nitcd
States Minister to Spain. .After the close of the
Revolution in 17S3 he was admitted to the Bar and
entered upon the practice of law. In 1S02 he be-
came Judge of the State Supreme Court, and in 1807
was matle Associate Justice of tlie United States
Supreme Court. From 1784 to 1S23 he was a
Trustee and Treasurer of Columbia. He was also
made a Trustee of the New York Society Library in

1758, and Second Vice-President of the New York
Historical Society in 1805. In early life he dropped
his first name, Henry, and signed himself lirockholst
Livingston. Harvard bestowed on him the degree
of Doctor of Laws in 1818. He died in Washing-
ton, District of Columbia, March 19, 1S23. Judge
Livingston was one of the most accomplished schol-
ars and able advocates of Iiis time, and was also an
active and aggressive political leader.

LIVINGSTON, Brockholst, 1757-1823.

Born in N. Y. City, 1757; graduated at Princeton,
1774; studied law at Albany; served in the Revolu-

MASON, John Mitchell, 1770-1829.

Born in N. Y. City, 1770; graduated at Columbia,
1789 ; studied Theology at University of Edinburgh,
Scotland ; Pastor at N. Y. City ; assisted in founding
the Union Theological Seminary and was its first
Professor; Provost of Columbia ; President of Dickin-
son College, Penn. ; received D.D. degree from the
University of Penn.; died in N. Y. City, 1829.

JOHN MITCHELL MASON, D.D., Provost of
Columbia, was born in New York ("ity, March
19, 1770, son of Rev. John Mason, D.D., Pastor of

I 20

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

the Cedar Street Cliunh in that city. He was degree from Columbia in 1836, and from 1836 to
graduated at CoUnnbia in 17S9. and was studying 1842 was Professor of p;cclesiastical History in Union
theology at the I'niversity of I'ldinburgh, Scotland, Tlieological Seminary. Erskine's son, Erskine
when recalled by the death of his father in 1792. Mason, M.l). was graduated at Columbia in 1857

and in i860 at tlio College of Physicians and Sur-
geons, and became Demonstrator of Anatomy in the
latter institution.

JOHN M. MASON

Soon after his return he was installed Pastor over his
father's congregation. Believing that his denomina-
tion should not be dependent on foreign institutions
for the education of its ministers, he inaugurated a
movement that resulted in the founding of the
Union Theological Seminary, of which he became
the first Professor on its opening in 1S04. In 1810
he was elected Provost of Columbia, which post he
held until 1S16, when failing health led him to
tender his resignation. After a year spent in
]'>urope he resumed his ministerial duties for a time,
but in 1S21 became President of Dickinson Col-
lege, Pennsylvania, and in the following year con-
nected himself with the Presbyterian Church. His
waning powers becoming unequal to the demands of
his Presidential office, he returned in 1824 to New
York, where he died, December 26, 1829. It is
said of Dr. Mason that as a pulpit orator he has had
few equals in the United States. The degree of
Doctor of Divinity was conferred on him by the
University of Pennsylvania. His publications in-
clude many sermons, essays, reviews and orations.
His son, Rev. Erskine Mason, D.D., received his

LIVINGSTON, Edward, 1764-1836.

Born in Clermont, N. Y., 1764; graduated at Prince-
ton, 1781 ; studied law and admitted to the Bar;
member of Congress ; U. S. District Attorney for the
District of N. Y. ; Mayor of N. Y. City; Aide and
Military Secretary to Gen. Jackson during the War of
1812 ; member of the La. Legislature; U. S. Senator
from La.; U. S. Secretary of State; U. S. Minister to
France; Trustee of Columbia; received the A.M.
degree from Princeton. 1824, and the LL.D. degree
from Columbia and Transylvania, 1824, and from
Harvard, 1834; died in Rhinebeck, N. Y., 1836.

EDW.VRD LIVIN(;STON, LL.D., Trustee of
Columbia, was born in Clermont, New York,
May 26, 1764, son of Robert R. Livingston. He
was graduated from Princeton in 17S1, studied law
for a time with John Lansing in Albany and after-

EDWARD LIVINGSTON

wards with his fixther, and practised his profession
in New York. He was a member of Congress,
1 794-1801, then successively PTnited States District
Attorney for the District of New York, and Mayor

UNIFERSITIES JM) illKIK SONS

I 21

of New York City. DuMiig the War of 1.S12 lie
served as Aide ami Military Secretary to Ceneral
Jackson, and at the close of the war settled in Louisi-
ana. He was a member of the Louisiana Legisla-
ture 1S20, Member of Congress from Louisiana
1822-38, was elected United States Senator from

lage, New York, February 27, 1816. Dr. Moore
published some sermons, and a iiamjihlet in defence
of the L[)iscopal ("hurch. His son, Clement Clarke
Moore, born in New \'ork and educated at Colum-
bia, was a well-known educator, author and theo-
logian. His younger brother, William Moore, was

Louisiana in 1829, became United States Secretary President of the New York County Medical Society,
of State in 1831, and was apjiointed I'nited States
Minister to France in 1833. He died at Rhine-
beck, New York, May 23, 1836. Kdward Living-
ston is kniiwn for his efforts to reform the criminal
code, to secure protection for American seamen in
foreign ports, and to maintain a strong navy. His
famous criminal code jirepared for Louisiana at-
tracted much attention throughout the world, and
had much influence on criminal legislation. Mr.
Livingston is also famous for the vigor and skill
which he showed in the prosecution of the spoliation
claims when Minister to France. He published nu-
merous valuable works on law and criminal jurispru-
dence. Princeton conferred upon him the degree
of Master of Arts in 1824. In the same year he
received the degree of I^octor of Laws froiTi both
Columbia anil Transylvania, and in 1S34 he was the
recipient of a similar honor from Harvard.

MOORE, Benjamin, 1748-1816.

Born in Newtown, L. I . 1748; graduated at King's
College, 1768 ; Tutor in Greek and Latin and studied
theology ; ordained Deacon and Priest in Chapel of
Fulham Palace, Eng. ; Rector of Trinity Parish, N. Y.
City; Bishop-Coadjutor in St Michael's Church.
Trenton, N. J.; President of Columbia; received the
S.T.D. degree from Columbia, 1789 ; died in Greenwich
Village, N. Y., 1816.

BENJAMIN MOORE, S.T.D., fifth President of
Columbia, was born in Newton, Long Islanil,
October 5, 174S. He was educated at King's Col-
lege (now Columbia), where he was graduated in
1768, and from which he received the degree of
Doctor of Divinity in 1789. Following graduation
he taught Greek and L;itin for a time, and studied
theology. In 1774 he was ordained Deacon in the
Chapel of Fulham Palace, England, by the Bishop
of London, and on the following day was ordained
Priest. He becaine Rector of Trinity Parish, New
York City, in 1800, was consecrated ISishop-Coad-
jutor in St. Michael's Church, Trenton, New Jersey,
in 1801, and in the same year was elected to suc-
ceed Bishop Provost when the latter resigned. He
served as Presiilent of Columbia for ten ye:irs,
1801-1811, and died of paralysis at Greenwich Vil-

IlKNJAMIN WOOKli

a Trustee of the College of Physicians and Surgeons,
and a medical author of some rejiute. His nephew,
Nathaniel F. Moore (son of \Villiam) was President
of Columbia 1 842-1 849.

OGILVIE, John, 1722-1774.

Born in N. Y. City, in 1722; graduated at Yale, 1748;
Missionary among the Mohawk Indians; Chaplain to
the Royal American Regiment ; Assistant Minister in
Trinity Church, N. Y. City; Governor of Columbia;
received S.T.D. degree from Columbia and Aberdeen,
1770; died in N. Y. City, 1774.

JOHN OC.ILVIK, S.T.D., Covernor of Columbia,
was born in New York City in J 722, and was
graduated at Yale in 1748. In 1749 he began work
as a missionary among the Mohawk Indians, and
subsequently he was Chaplain to tlie Royal .\merican
Regiment during tlie French and Indian Wars. In
1764 he bec:uiie .Assistant Minister in Trinity
Church, New \'ork City. He received the degree

I 22

UNIFERSHIES AND "THEIR SONS

of Master of Arts from Yale and from Columbia in he began his financial training inidcr the well-known
1767, and that of Doctor of Divinity from Colum- banker, Daniel Drew. Forced by failing health to
bia and from Aberdeen in 1770. Dr. Ogilvie did retire to a small farm at New Dor]). Staten Island, in
much for the mental and moral improvement of 1842, he improved and enlarged it chiefly through

his own exertions, and being subsequently appointed
Receiver of the Staten Islaml Railroad he managed
the affairs of that enterprise in such an able manner
as to gain the good opinion of his father, who up
to this time is said to have had little or no confi-
dence in his son's ability as a financier. The genius
thus developed was exceedingly advantageous to the
elder Vanderbilt, who placed his son in charge of
his accumulating railroad interests. Taking the
Vice-Presidency of the Harlem and Hudson River
corporations, and shortly afterward that of the New
York Central road, he managed those enterprises
with the same prudence and sagacity which had
brought to a prosperous condition the affairs of the
insolvent Staten Island Company, and besides
attending to the finances of the various lines under
his control he not only exercised a watchful care
over their general interests, but by a well conceived
plan of conciliation and compromise, succeeded in

JOHN OGILVIE

the Indians, both in their settlements and in the
army, where many of them served while he was
Chaplain. He died in New York City, November
26, 1774.

VANDERBILT, William Henry, 1821-1885.

Born in New Brunswick, N. J., 1821 ; educated at the
Columbia Grammar School; entered the ship-chandlery
business; Receiver of the Staten Island R. R ; Vice-
President of the Harlem & Hudson River R. R., also
of the New York Central R. R.; became President of
several R. R. ; endowed the Vanderbilt University,
the College of Physicians and Surgeons, also the
Church of St. Bartholomew; paid for the removal of
the Obelisk from Egypt to N. Y. ; bequeathed money
to the Vanderbilt University, the Metropolitan Museum
of Art, the Young Men's Christian Association, the
missions of the Protestant Episcopal Church and St.
Luke's Hospital; died in N. Y. City, 1885.

WILLIAM HENRY VANDERBILT, Bene-
factor of Columbia, was born in New
Brunswick, New Jersey, May 8, 1821. He was
educated at the Columbia Grammar School which
he left at the age of seventeen to enter the ship-
chandlery business, and in the following year, 1839,

WILLIAM H. VANDERBILT

avoiding the threatened disasters of a rate war and a
labor strike. In 1883 he resigned the Presidencies
of the several roads of which he was the official
head, and visited Europe for rest and recreation.

UNIVERSITIES ANB THEIR SONS

William II. Vanderbilt died in New York City,
December 8, 1885. While living he increased the
endowment of Vanderbilt University with an addi-
tion of J! 200,000, gave Si 00,000 for a Theological
School to be connected with the same institution,
and ii 1 0,000 for a library; donated the sum of
<;50o,ooo to the College of Physicians and Surgeons
for the purpose of erecting new buildings ; dis-
tributed Si 00,000 among the employees of the
New York Central road after their refusal to strike
in 1877; gave $50,000 to the Church of St. Bar-
tholomew; paid §103,000 for the removal of the
Obelisk from Egypt to New York and its erection in
Central Park ; and his generous treatment of General
Grant at the time of the latter's foilure, was com-
mended and admired throughout the nation. His
will ordered the distribution of §1,000,000 for
benevolent purposes and included gifts to the
Vanderbilt University, the Metropolitan Museum of
Art, the Y'oung Men's Christian Association, the
missions of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and
St. Luke's Hospital. He also made provisions for
the building and maintenance of a Moravian
Church, and a family mausoleum at New Uorp.

held the office until 1849, when he resigned and
retired to private life. Mr. Moore was a Trustee of
Columbia from 1842 to 1851. He had received the
honorary degree of Doctor of Laws from that insti-

MOORE, Nathaniel F., 1782-1872.

Born in Newtown, L. I., 1782; graduated at Colum-
bia, 1802; studied law and admitted to the Bar;
Adjunct-Professor of Greek and Latin at Columbia;
Librarian of the College; President of Columbia; re-
ceived the LL.D. degree from Columbia, 1825; died,
1872.

NATHANIEL F. MOORE, LL.D., eighth
President of Columbia, and nephew of
Penjamin Moore, Columbia's fifth President, was
born in Newtown, Long Island, New Y'ork, December
25, 1782. His father. Dr. AVilliam Moore, was a
celebrated physician of New Y'ork, President of the
New York County Medical Society and a 'I'rustee of
the College of Physicians and Surgeons. Nathaniel
F. Moore was graduated at Columbia in 1802, studied
law, and after admission to the Bar in 1805 practised
for several years in New Y'ork City. In 1S17 he
became Adjunct-Professor of Greek and Latin in
Columbia, and in 1820 was made Professor of those
languages, holding this chair for fifteen years, when
he resigned and spent two years in Europe. On bis
return he was made Librarian of the College. Two
years later he again went abroad, spending some
time in the Orient. In 1842 he was elected Presi-
dent of Columbia to succeed William A. Duer. He

NATHANIICL F. JIUORE

tution in 1825. An Historical Sketch of Columbia
College from his pen was published in 1849. He
died April 27, 1872.

VARICK, Richard, 1753-1831.

Born in Hackensack, N. J , 1753 ; practised law ; Cap-
tain, Military Secretary, Deputy Muster-Master-Gen-
eral, Lieut. -Colonel, Inspector-General. Aide-de-Camp,
and Recording Secretary in the Revolutionary Army;
Recorder of N. Y. City; Speaker of the N. Y. As-
sembly; Attorney-General; Mayor of N. Y. City;
Trustee of Columbia and Chairman of the Board;
President of the Merchant's Bank; founder and Presi-
dent of the American Bible Society; died in Jersey
City, N. J., 1831.

RICHARD VARICK, Trustee of Columbia,
was born in 1 lackensack, New Jersey, March
-5' 1753' He came of an old Dutch family, origi-
nally Van Varick. He adopted the profession of
the law, which he was practising at the opening of
the Revolution, in which he served successively as
Captain in Alexander McDougall's Regiment, Mili-
tary Secretary to General Schuyler, Deputy-Muster-
Master-Gcneral, Lieutenant-Colonel, Inspector-Gen-

1 24

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

eral at West Point and Aide-de-Camp to General parentage, his mother being a daughter of Rev. Jon-
Benedict Arnold. Later he was Recording Secretary athan Mayhew of Boston. He was graduatctl at
to Washington's Staff". After the close of the Revo- Harvard in 1S12, and was afterwards an Instructor
lution he was Recorder of New York 17S3-179S, in Rhetoric and Oratory at Harvard, 1815-1817.

In 181 7 he was ordained I)eacon in Trinity
Church, Boston, and a year later was ordained
Priest in Christ Church at Hartford, Connecticut,
of which he became Rector. In 182 1 he was
made Rector of Crace Church in New ^'ork, where
he officiated until 1834. In the latter year he
was placed in charge of 'I'rinity Churcli, Boston,
but in 1837 he returned to New York as Assistant in
charge of St. John's Chapel, Trinity Parish, retaining
this post until his elevation to the Episcopacy. He
was consecrated Provisional Bishop of New York in
Trinity Church, November 10. 1852. Dr. Wain-
■wright was for many years Secretary of the House of
Bisliops, was Secretary of the Board of Trustees of
tiie (ieneral Theological Seminary, aided in the
establishment of the University of New York and
was a Trustee or officer of many societies and insti-
tutions. He was a ripe scholar, wielded great social
influence, was a devoted lover of music, contributing

RICHARD V.ARICK

Speaker of the New York Assembly 1787, .Attorney-
General 1789 and Mayor of New York City 1791-
180 1. He was also President of the Merchants'
Bank, and founder and President of the American
Bible Society. Mr. Varick served as a Trustee of
Columbia from 1784 to 1S16 and was Chairman of
the Board from iSio to 181 6. He died in Jersey
City, New Jersey, July 30, 1831.

WAINWRIGHT, Jonathan Mayhew, 1793-
1854.

Born in Liverpool, Eng., 1793; graduated at Har-
vard, 1812, also Tutor; ordained Deacon and Priest;
Rector of Grace Church in N. Y.; Provisional Bishop
of N. Y. in Trinity Church; Trustee of Columbia;
Secretary of the House of Bishops; Secretary of the
Board of Trustees of the General Theological Semi-
nary; aided in the establishment of the University of
N. v.; Trustee or officer in many societies or institu-
tions; received the D.D. degree from Union, 1823,
from Harvard, 1835; and D.C.L. from Oxford, 1852;
died in N. Y. City, 1854.

JONATHAN MAYHEW WAINWRIGHT, D.D.,
D.C.L., Trustee of Columbia, was born in

JONATHAN M. \\AIN"\VRIGHT

much towards its improvement in the churches of his
denomination, and was considered one of the first
pulpit orators of his day. He received the degree

Liverpool, England, February 24, 1793, of American of Doctor of Divinity from Union in 1823 and from

UNIVERSiriES AND THEIR SONS

125

Harvard in 1S55, ami the degree of Doctor of
Classic Literature was conferred on iiiin by Oxford
ill 1852. Bishop Wainwright died in New York City,
September 21, 1854. He published many works,
including sermons, essays, musical productions, and
papers in periodicals. After liis clcatii a church was
erected in New York to his memory.

VERPLANCK, Gulian Crommelin, 1786-
1870.

Born in N. Y. City. 1786: graduatej at Columbia,
1801 ; studied law; Professor of Evidences of the
Revealed Religion and Moral Science in the General
Theological Seminary at N. Y., also Regent of the
same; Trustee of Columbia; Regent and Vice-Chan-
cellor of the N. Y. State University; received the
A.M. degree from Columbia. 1821, and LL.D. from
Amherst. 1834, Columbia and Hobart, 1835; member of
the N. Y. Legislature; member of Congress; State
Senator; President of the Board of Commissioners of
Immigration and Century Club ; Governor of the City
Hospital; died in N Y. City, 1870.

Gri.I.XN CROM.Ml'.LIN VKRFL.VNCK,
LL.D., Trustee of Columbia, was born in New
York ('ity, August 6, 1786, son of Daniel Cromn\elin

GULUX C. VERl'LANCK

Verplauck, a member of Congress from New \'ork
state. He was graduated from Columbia in iSoi, ;it
the age of fifteen — tlie youngest Bachelor of .\rts ever
graduated from th;it inbtitution. He studied law,

anil after travelling in l'",urope for a time, established
liimself in the practice of liis profession in New York.
In 1821 he became I'rofessor of I'>vidences of the
Revealed Religion and Moral Science in the General
'I'heological Seminary, New \'ork. He was a Trus-
tee 1821-1826, Regent 1826-1870, and from 1854
until his death was also Vice-Chancellor of New York
State University. C'olumbia conferred on him the
degree of Master of Arts in 1821, and he received
tlie degree of Doctor of Laws from .Amherst in 1834,
:uid from Cohmibia and Hobart in 1835. Mr. Ver-
pkinck served as a member of the Legislature in 1820,
a member of Congress 1824-1833, and State Senator
1838 1841. He was for many years President of
the Board of Commissioners of Immigration, and
was ;ilso President of the Century Club antl a Gover-
nor of the City Hospit;il. He died in -New York,
.March 18, 1870. He has published numerous books,
including : Early European Friends of .•\merica ; 'I'he
Bucktail I'.ards ; I'roces Verbal of Ceremony of In-
stallation ; .Address Before the .American Academy
of Fine Arts ; Nature and Uses of Various Evi-
dences of Revealed Religion ; Essay on the I)f( line
of Contracts ; and various other works.

WHARTON, Charles Henry, 1748-1833.

Born in St. Mary's county, Md., 1748; educated at
the English Jesuits' College at St. Omer's, Md. ; took
orders in the Roman Catholic Church as Deacon
and Priest; Rector of Immanuel Church (Episcopal),
Newcastle, Del.; served on the committee to draft an
ecclesiastical constitution for the Episcopal Church in
the U. S., also on the committee to prepare a form of
prayer and thanksgiving for the Fourth of July and
to Americanize the Book of Common Prayer; Rector
of St. Mary's Church, Burlington, N. J.; Trustee of
Princeton, i8c8-i8i6; President of Columbia; died at
Burlington, N. J., 1833.

CHARLES HENRY WHARTON, fourth Presi-
dent of Columbia, was born in St. .Mary's
county, Maryland, June 5, 1748, on the family plan-
tation, Notley Hall, presented to liis grandfather by
Lord Baltimore. He was educated at the l-'.nglish
Jesuits' College at St. Omer's, Maryland, and in
1772 he took orders in the Roman Catholic Church,
first as Deacon and a few months later as Priest.
The period of the Revolution he sjient in England,
but at its close he returned to .\merica in the
first vessel that sailed after peace was concludeil, and
in l7.'^4, having ad()[)ted the views of the Church of
I'Jigland, he became Rector of Immanuel Church at
Newcastle, Delaware. .At the C.enenil Convention
of I7,S5 lie served on the rounnittee to draft an

1 26

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

ecclesiastical constitution for the Episcopal Church
in the United States, also on the connnittees to pre-
pare a form of prayer and thanksgiving for the
Fourth of Tnlv, and to Americanize the Book of

CHARLES H. WHARTON

Common Prayer. In 179S he became Rector of
St. Mary's Church at Burlington, New Jersey. He
served as Trustee of Princeton from iSoo to 1816.
The Presidency of Columbia being tendered him in
iSoi he accepted, and assumed the duties of the
office at Commencement ; but he recalled his ac-
ceptance, and returned to his Rectorship at Burling-
ton, which he held until his death, July 22, 1833.
Mr. Wharton was reputed among the first in scholar-
ship and influence among the clergy of his church
in the United States.

through a period of about twelve years, 1844-57,
were highly beneficial to students intending to enter
the ministry or the legal profession. Professor Hows
died in New York, July 27, 187 1. He was the
author of The Practical Elocutionist, and the Editor
of the Modern Standard Drama ; The Historical
Shakespearian Reader; Golden Leaves from the
British American and Dramatic Poets, (3 volumes).
John Augustus Hows, son of the above, was born in
New York in 1831, graduated at Columbia in 1852
and became an artist of high repute. He died in
1874-

VERPLANCK, Gulian, 1751-1799.

Born in 1751 ; graduated at Columbia, 1768; member
N. Y Assembly, Speaker of that body ; Regent of the
University of N. Y. State (Columbia) ; President Bank
of New York; died in New York City, 1799.

GULIAN VERPLANCK was born in 1751
and was graduated at Columbia in 1768.
He was a member of the House of Assembly of New
York State, 178S-1791 and again 1 796-1797, was
Speaker of that body in 1790 and i 796-1797, and
was Regent of the University of New York State

HOWS, John William Stanhope, 1797-1871.

Born in London, 1797: elocutionist, journalist and
critic; Professor of Elocution at Columbia, 1844-1857;
died in New York, 1871.

JOHN WILLIAM STANHOPE HOWS, Pro-
fessor of Elocution at Columbia, was born in
London, England, in 1797. Settling in New York,
he became an elocutionist of note, was dramatic (Columbia) 1 790-1 799. From 1790 until his
critic of the New York Albion, and widely known as death he was President of the Bank of New York,
a Shakespearian scholar and reader. His services as He was a lifelong resident of New York City, where
Professor of Elocution at Columbia which extended he died in 1799.

GULIAN VERPLANCK

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

127

ABBOTT, Herbert Vaughan, 1865-

Born in Terre Haute, Ind., 1865; graduated from
Amherst; has been literary critic of the New York
Commercial Advertiser ; Assistant Instructor, then In-
structor of English at Harvard.

Hl'.RHKRT VAUCillAN ABliOTl', Instructor
in English at Harvard, was born in 'I'erre
Haute, Indiana, January 3, 1865, his parents being
Lyman and Abby Frances ( Hamlin ) Abbott. In
1SS5 he graduated from Amherst. In the year
1 890-1 891 he was Literary Critic of the New York

HERBERT V. ABBOTT

Commercial Advertiser; from 1S94 to 1S96 was
Assistant in English at Harvard and in 1S96 was
made Instructor.

ADAMS, Charles Francis, 1807-1886.

Born in Boston, 1807; graduated at Harvard in 1825;
admitted to the Bar at Boston in 1828; Member of the
Massachusetts Legislature, 1831-1836; was the Free-
Soil candidate for Vice-President in 1848; member of
Congress, 1858-1861 ; Minister to England, 1861-1868;
Overseer of Harvard, 1869-1881 ; and some years Presi-
dent of the Board. Died in Boston, 1886.

CHARLES FRANCIS AUAMS, LL.D., Over-
seer of Harvard, was born in Boston, August
1 8, I So 7, son of President John Quincy Adams and
Louisa (Johnson) Adams. His early boyhood
was spent in St. Petersburg and England, attending

a boarding-school while in the last named country,
and so violent was the antipathy against .America
even among children that the son of the American
Minister found it necessary on several occasions to
defend the good name of his country by engaging in
personal encounters with his schoolmates. After his
return to the United States he was placed in the
Boston Latin School preparatory to entering Harvard
from which he was graduated in 1825, and he sub-
sequendy spent two years in Washington during his
father's Presidential term. Having studied law in
the office of Daniel Webster he was admitted to the
Suffolk County Bar in 1828, and his entrance into
the legal profession was practically the stepping-
stone to his political career, which he shortly after-
wards inaugurated. From 1831 to 1836 he was a
member of the Massachusetts Legislature to which
he was elected as a Whig, but as he grew older that
political independence for which his family is noted
asserted itself, and in 1848 his name was placed
upon the Free-Soil ticket for Vice-President, beside
that of Martin Van Buren for President. Joining
the Republican party at its formation he was elected
to Congress from the third Massachusetts district
in 1858, and re-elected in i860, but his second
term as Representative was cut short as he was
appointed by President Lincoln as Envoy Extraor-
dinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Court of
St. James, being the third member of his family in a
direct line to hold that office, and he assumeil his
diplomatic duties in 1861. The secession of the
Southern states so eagerly hoped for by the upper
classes of English society, was hailed with delight in
London, which caused Mr. Adams' mission to be
a most trying one and on this occasion his tongue
and pen replaced his fists in defending his country's
honor and upholding the cause of the union. His
natural independence, untiring perseverance and
perfect self-control, made him an antagonist which
it was extremely difficult to overpower, while his
diplomacy was absolutely free from craftiness or
intrigue. His treatment of the many grave ques-
tions resulting from the Ci\il War, notably his
success in preventing the French Emperor from
securing British co-operation in a scheme to recog-
nize the Southern Confederacy, also his firm demand
that ample compensation be rendered for the negli-
gence of the Englisli authorities in permitting Con-
federate cruisers like the " .\labama " to leave
liritish ports for the purpose of preying ujion .Xmer-
ican commerce caused his occupancy of the
English mission extending from 1861 to 1868, to

128

UNIVERSITIES JND rilEIR SONS

be regarded in this country as one of the most
briUiant periods of American diplomacy abroad.
In 1872, Mr. Adams was a prominent candidate of
the Liberal Republican party for President, but tlie
nomination was secured by Horace Greeley. From
1869 to 1S81 he served as an Overseer of Harvard,
and was President of the Board for a considerable
portion of that time. Besides editing the works
and memoirs of his father and grandfather, in
twenty-two octavo volumes, he published many of
his own orations and addresses. Charles Francis
Adams died in Boston, November 21, 1SS6. In

CHARLES FRANCIS ADAMS

1829 he married the youngest daughter of Peter
Chardon Brooks, the elder daughters of whom be-
came the wives of Edward Everett and Rev.
Nathaniel Frothingham. He had four sons, namely :
John Quincy, Charles Francis, Henry and Brooks
Adams.

ADAMS, John Quincy, 1767-1848.

Born in Braintree, Mass., 1767; graduated at Har-
vard in 1787; admitted to the Bar in 1791 ; Minister
to Holland in 1794; transferred to Berlin in 1797;
chosen United States Senator in 1803; was Professor
of Rhetoric and Belles-lettres at Harvard, 1806-1809;
Minister to Russia, 1809-1813; Minister to England
for eight years; Secretary of State under President
Monroe; secured the seceding of Florida by Spain

and the extension of the Louisiana boundary ; origi-
nated the Monroe Doctrine; became President of the
United States in 1825; Representative to Congress,
1831-1848; Overseer of Harvard the last eighteen years
of his life ; died in Washington, D. C, 1848.

JOHN QUINCY ADAMS, LL.D., sixth President
of the United States, Professor and Overseer of
Harvard, was boin in Braintree, Massachusetts, July
II, 1767. He was the son of John Adams, who
succeeded \\'ashington in the Presidency, and he
was named for his mother's grandfather John
Quincy. When eleven years old he accompanied
his father to France and acquired a notable pro-
ficiency in the French language and other studies.
His education was continued at a school in Amster-
dam and at the University of I.eyden, which he
attended for a time. Receiving an appointment as
Secretary of Legation at St. Petersburg he remained
there fourteen months, at the expiration of which
time he started upon a j(jurney through Sweden,
Denmark and northern (iermany to France, which
consumed a period of six monlh;. In Paris he
assisted his father in drafting the papers relating
to the final treaty between Great Britain and the
United States, but when the elder Adams was
appointed Minister to England, he saw fit to
forego the pleasures of London life in order to
complete his education in America, and crossing
the ocean solely for that purpose, he entered
Harvard, from which he was graduated in 17S7.
Studying law with Theophilus Parsons, afterward
Chief-Justice of Massachusetts, he was admitted
to the Suffolk County Bar in 1791 and immediately
entered into practice. The monotony attending
the commencement of a young lawyer's practice
he relieved to some extent by writing for the news-
papers articles upon various topics under the signa-
tures of " Publicola," " Marcellus " and " Columbus."
These articles came to the notice of President
Washington, who discerned in their author the
requisite qualifications of a diplomatist, and ac-
cordingly in 1794 young Adams was appointed
Minister to Holland. Two years later he was
transferred to the Portuguese Mission but his father,
who had just been elected to the Presidency, sent
him instead to Berlin at the advice of Washington,
who declared that in his opinion the j'oung man
woulil prove the ablest diplomat in the American
service. In 1797, John Quincy Adams took up his
residence in the Prussian capital where he remained
until after the election of Thomas Jefferson, when
his mission terminated, and returning to the United
States he resumed the practice of law in Boston.

UNll'ERSrriKS .-/IVD TIIFJR SONS

129

His election to the Massachusetts Senate in i8u2
was followed by his election to the United States
Senate in the ensuing year, and the almost universal
opposition he met with in the last named body
was at first due solely to the fact that he was a
son of John Adams. The characteristic independ-
ence of the Adams family, which made the second
Presitlent of the United States so unpopular, was
perhaps more strongly depicted in the character of
|ohn Quincy Adams, than in any other of its mem-
bers who have entered public life, and his ajiproval
of the purchase of l.ouisiana, together with the

JOHN QUINCY ADAMS

])Osition he took in relation to the embargo, com-
merce and foreign affairs, were the cause of serious
difficulty between himself and the Federalist party,
by which he was considered an apostate. In 1807
he severed his connection with the Federalists,
resigned his seat in the Senate [irior to the ex-
piration of his term, and in 1S09 was appointed
Minister to Russia, where he was cordially received
by the Emperor, Alexander- the First. He resided
in St. Petersburg four years and a half, and his diary
contains an interesting account of Napoleon's dis-
astrous Russian campaign. In the Treaty of Ghent,
which terminated the War of 1812-1813-1S14, he
took an important part, and after the conclusion of
negotiations he went to I'aris, where he was joined

VOL. II. — 9

by his wife and cliildien, who reached the French
capital in safety after a tedious journey from St.
Petersburg, which at that time was attended with
considerable danger. While in France he witnessed
the return of Napoleon from I';iba, and the interest-
ing events that preceded the battle of Waterloo,
lie was associated with Messers Clay and Gallatin
in negotiating a commercial treaty with iMigland,
which was completed July 13, 1815, but had
already received official notification of his appoint-
ment as Minister Plenipotentiary to CIreat Pritain.
He was the second member of his family to complete
the final acts in an important treaty with England,
his father having assisted in concluding the 'Preaty
of Peace after the Revolutionary War, and his son,
Charles Francis Adams, who held the English mis-
sion during the Civil War, was closely identified
with the negotiations which led to the final settle-
ment of the Alabama claims. After a residence of
eight years abroad, Mr. .\dams was called home to
enter President Monroe's C'abinet as Secretary of
State. Among his more notable achievements while
holding this high office was the annexation of P"lor-
ida, the re-establishment of the Louisiana Boundary,
the sujjport of the policy of recognizing the inde-
pendence of the revolted colonies in Spanish
.\merica, and he originated the so-called " Monroe
Doctrine," declaring tliat the .\merican Continent
was no longer open to European colonization. The
national election of 1824 resulted in no choice for
President, which left the matter in the hands of the
House of Representatives, and although Mr. .\dams
was not a popular candidate, having received but
eighty-four electoral votes, he was elected through
the infiuence of Henry Clay. His administration
was founded upon the principles of the Whig party,
which believed in internal improvement, a higli
tariff, and the establishment of national banks, thus
causing the violent antagonism of the Southern
planters, the importers of New York and the ship-
owners of New England. The "spoils system" had
also taken root at this time, but the President re-
fused to favor his supporters or remove from office
members of the opposing party, with the result that
at the next election .-Xndrew Jackson received one
hundred and seventy-eight electoral votes to eighty-
three cast for Mr. .Adams. The ex-President was
not, however, permitted to retire to ]irivate life for
any great length of time, as in 1831, he was elected
to Congress by the ,\nti-Mason party, which shortly
afterivard nominated him for Governor, but as
there was no choice by the pet>ple the election

'3°

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

went to the Legislature and he was defeated. For
the next seventeen years he continued to occupy a
seat in the National House of Representatives and
his support of Jackson in the hitter's pohcy toward
France caused him to again lose a seat in the
United States Senate. The disapproval of his
course by the Massachusetts Legislature left him
still more free from jiarty allegiance and the
remaintler of his career was devoted principally to
forwarding the cause of abolition, of which he was a
strong and uncompromising advocate. On Febru-
ary 2 1, 1S48, while seated at his desk in the House
of Representatives, Mr. Adams suffered a second
shock of paralysis, the first one having occurred
some fifteen months previous. He was conveyed
to the Speaker's room, where he expired on the
23d, and his final wonls were: "This is the last
of earth ; I am content." John Quincy Adams was
Boylston Professor of Rhetoric and Belles-lettres at
Harvard from 1806 to 1809, and his lectures were
published in iSio. He was also a member of the
Board of Overseers from 1830 to 1S48. He re-
ceived his Master's degree at graduation and that
of Doctor of Laws was conferred by the College of
New Jersey in 1822. He served as President of
the American Academy, was a member of the
INLassachusetts Historical, and the American Phil-
osophical Societies. While residing in Berlin he
made an English translation of Wieland's Oberon,
and his account of a journey through Silesia was
translated into German and F'rench. He married
Miss Louisa Johnson, a niece of Thomas Johnson,
of Maryland.

ADAMS, Charles Francis, 1835-

Born in 1835; graduated at Harvard, 1856; admitted
to the Bar, 1858; served in the Civil War and brevetted
Brigadier General of Volunteers; member of the
Massachusetts Railroad Commission ; Overseer of
Harvard, 1882-1894 ; elected President Union Pacific
Railway in 1884.

CHARLES FRANCIS ADAMS, Overseer of
Harvard, the second son of Charles Francis
( the American statesman ) and Abigail Brown
( Brooks) Adams, was born in Boston, May 27,
1835. He pursued the regular course at Harvard,
from which College he was graduated with the degree
of Bachelor of Arts in the Class of 1856, and having
prepared himself for the legal profession, was admit-
ted to the Bar in 1858. Entering the Army at the
breaking out of the Civil War, he served with dis-
tinction throughout the entire struggle, and attained

the rank of Brevet Brigadier-General of Volunteers.
He subsequently became actively interested in rail-
road matters, with which he has ever since been
prominently identified, and is considered an author-
ity u|ion all questions pertaining thereto. In 1869
he was appointed a member of the Massachusetts
Railnjad Commission, and in 1S84 was chosen
President of the Ihiion Pacific Railroad Company.
Chapters on F>ie and other Essays, issued in 1871,
were written jointly by him and his brother, Henry
Adams, and he is also the author of an instructive
book on railroad accidents. Mr. Adams has served
upon the lioard of Overseers of LLarvard since 18S2.
He has been President of the ^L^ssachusetts His-
torical Society, anci is a fellow of the American
Academy. Mr. Adams married Mary, daughter of
E. and C. Ogden, November 8, 1865. Their chil-
dren are : Mary, Louisa C, ICIizabelh, John and
Henry Adams.

ADAMS, Comfort Avery, Jr., 1868-

Born in Cleveland, O., 1868; graduated at Cleveland
Central High School, and the Case School of Applied
Science, Cleveland ; was Assistant in Physics at the
Case School; was Draughtsman with the Brown
Hoisting and Conveying Machine Company of Cleve-
land, and afterwards Draughtsman and Engineer with
the Brush Electric Company of Cleveland ; Instructor
at Harvard ; Assistant Professor of Electrical Engi.
neering at Harvard ; member of the American Institute
of Electrical Engineers; member of the American
Society for the Promotion of Engineering Education.

COMFORT AVERY ADAM.S, Jr., Assistant
Professor of Electrical Engineering at Har-
vard, was the son of Comfort Avery and Katherine
Emily ( Peticolas ) Adams, and was born in Cleve-
land, Ohio, November i, 1868. He was descended
directly from John Adams, who came to Ply-
moutli in the "Fortune" in 1621. His grand-
father, Asael Adams, settled in the Western Reserve,
Warren, Ohio, about the beginning of this century.
Mr. C. A. Adams, Jr., was educated in the Cleve-
land public schools, graduating from the Cleveland
Central High School in 1886, and in the Case
Scliool of Applied Science, Cleveland, Ohio, where
he graduated in 1890, and where he was President
of his Class. He was also Assistant in Physics at
the latter institution. He spent the summer of 1890
with a scientific expedition, exploring and surveying
in the vicinity of Muir Glacier, Alaska. For a few
months in 1890 he was draughtsman with the
Brown Hoisting and Conveying Machine Company

UNIVERSITIES AND TIIKIK SONS

131

of Cleveland, but in December 1S90, left that place
to become drau.uhtsnian and engineer with the
Brush Electric Company of Cleveland, remaining
there imtil September 1S91. For the next five

C. A. ADAMS, JR.

years he was Instructor at Harvard, and in Septem-
ber 1896, assumed the position which he now holds.
Mr. Adams is a member of the American Institute
of Electrical Engineers and the American Society
for the Promotion of Engineering lulucation. He
married, June 21, 1S94, Elizabeth Challis Parsons.

AMES, Frederick Lothrop, 1835-1893.

Born in Easton, Mass., 1835; graduated at Harvard,
1854; worked his way forward from a clerkship to a
responsible position in the famous Ames Manufactur-
ing Establishment and eventually became the official
head of that Corporation; attained prominence as a
financier and railroad magnate; member of the Massa-
chusetts Senate; erected the Ames Building, Boston;
was interested in agriculture, horticulture and the fine
arts; benefactor and Fellow of Harvard; contributed
liberally to educational, charitable and benevolent
works. Died, 1893.

FRICOERICK: I.OTHROP AMES, Fellow and
Benefactor of Harvard, was born in ]",aston,
Massachusetts, June 8, 1S35. His father was Oliver
Ames, 2(1, a grandson of Captain John Ames who
began the manufacture of shovels prior to the

K.evolution;iry War, thus I;iying the foundation for
the present Oliver Ames & Sons Coqjoration of
North I^:iston. His original ancestor in America on
the patern:d side was William Ames, who emigr;Ued
from Bruton, Somersetshire, luigland, about the
year 1635. His mother was a daughter fif Hon.
Howard Lothrop, of F.aston, and a sister i}f Hon.
George VanNess I.otlirop, formerly United States
Minister to Russia. From Philli|>s-F.xeter .\cademy
Frederick I,. Ami's entcre<l Harvard from wliii h he
was graduated witli the Class of 1S54, and i)iirs\iant
to the oft-e.xpressed desire of his father he entered
the business office of the .\mcs Shovel M;inufactory
where he was advanced in the regular line of ])ro-
motion from a subordinate position to that of i)rin-
cipal accountant. He was admitted to tlie firm in
1863 and in 1S76, when the concern w:is reorg:inized
under the name of the Oliver Ames & Sons Corpora-
tion, he became its Treasurer. In the following
year the death of his father placed him at the liead
of the business, and although his subsequent finan-
cial spjeculations led him into official connection
witli many extensive enterprises, he continued to
retain a paramount interest in the family industry
over which he exercised a careful supervision during
the rest of his life. As an authority upon financial,
industrial and railway affairs Mr. Ames was probably
unsurpassed in this country and was a Director of
upwards of forty different railroad companies ; also
Vice-President of the Old Colony Railroad, and held
official relations with the Western Union Telegraph,
General Electric and several trust and insurance
companies, the First National P>ank at North Easton
and the Savings Bank of that town. He was also
an extensive real estate owner and developer, and
erected the fine office structure in Boston known as
the Ames building. Though not interested in poli-
tics beyond the ordinary scope of a patriotic citizen,
he reluctantly accepted a seat in the State Senate to
which he was elected by the Republican party in
1872, and served with marked ability upon the
Committees on Manufactures and Agriculture. His
Boston residence was enriched with an artistically
selected collection of rare paintings, jades, and
crystals, and his magnificent country seat at North
Easton, gave ample evidence of his great interest in
agricultural and horticultural development. He was
especially interestei! in the welfare of those depart-
ments at Harxard, the P.otanical Gardens having
been greatly benefited by his liberality, and he was
a Fellow and Trustee of that University during the
last ten years of his life. Many notable charities also

132

UNIVERSI'TIES AND THEIR SONS

benefited botli by his executive ability and generous
donations. In his native town he erected a hand-
some railroad station at his own expense, and in
common with other members of the family increased
the library fund left by his father, thus furnishing
the means for providing and equipping the present
library building, wliich was erected under his per-
sonal supervision from plans by H. H. Richardson.
The First Unitarian Church in Boston as well as
the church in North Easton received generous sup-
port at his hands, as did also the Kindergarten for
the Blind, which was perhaps his favorite object of

FREDERICK L. AMES

benevolence. Frederick Lothrop Ames died Sep-
tember 1 6, 1S93, and although the general com-
munity had good cause to regret his removal from
their midst, perhaps those most entitled to mourn
were the many who enjoyed the benefits of his
generosity and thoughtfulness. Mr. Ames married
June 7, i860. Miss Rebecca Caroline I'.lair, only
child of James Blair of St. Louis, Missouri. They
had five children ; Helen Angier, Oliver, Mary
Shreve, Bothrop and John Stanley Ames.

ANDREW, John Albion, 1818-1867.

Born in Windham, Me , 1818 ; graduated at Bowdoin,
1837; admitted to the Bar in Boston, 1840 ; was promi-
nently identified with the fugitive slave cases of

Shadrach Burns and Sims; member of the Massachu-
setts Legislature in 1858 ; delegate to the Republican
National Convention in i860 ; Governor of Massachu-
setts, 1861-1866 ; pursued an energetic policy in relation
to the equipment and forwarding of troops during the
Civil War; instituted various reforms in the laws of
the Commonwealth: presided over the First National
Unitarian Convention held in 1865; Overseer of Har-
vard, 1867 ; died, 1867.

JOHN ALBION ANDREW, LL.D., War Gov-
ernor of Massachusetts and Overseer of Har-
vard, was born in Windham, Maine, May 31, 1818.
He was a descendant of an early settler in lioxford,
Massachusetts, and his father was a well-to-do
merchant of Windliam. Graduating from Bowdoin
in 1S37 with the degree of Bachelor of Arts he im-
mediately took up the study of law in the office of
Henry H. F'uller, of Boston, Massachusetts, and was
admitted to the Suffolk Bar in 1840. The succeeding
twenty years were devoted to the assiduous practice
of his profession in which he acquired prominence,
and he won marked distinction as one of the coun-
sel in the celebrated Shadrach Burns and Sims cases
arising from the fiigitive-slave law in 1S50. Prior
to 1848 he was an active supporter of the Whig
party in whose interests he frequently addressed
campaign gatherings, but subsequently allied him-
self to the Anti-Slavery movement, the principles of
which he enthusiastically upheld until the formation
of the Republican party, to which he transferred his
allegiance, and being elected to the Legislature in
1858, immediately acquired a wide influence in the
Lower House. In i860, he attended as a delegate
the Republican National Convention at Chicago,
supporting at first the candidacy of William H.
Seward ami afterward that of Abraham Lincoln. In
the State Convention of that year he was his party's
nominee for the Governorship and although some
of the Republican leaders were against him on ac-
coiuit of his radical opinions, he was elected by the
largest vote ever polled in Massachusetts up to that
time. In accordance with a declaration made in
his first inaugural address, he immediately took
measures to reorganize and strengthen the militia in
order to place the Commonwealth in readiness to
assist in defending the Union against the threatened
secession of the slave states, and at the same time
he despatched confidential communications to the
Governors of Maine and New Hampshire setting
forth the necessity of taking instant and decisive
action in the same direction. As a result of his
energetic military policy, he was able to respond to the
President's first call for troops by sending five regi-

UNIVERSiriRS AND THEIR SONS

133

ments of infantrv, one battalion of ritlcnu'n and om;
battery of anillt-ry, the Sixth Massachusetts Infantry,
whicii was attacked in the streets of liaUiniore by a
niol) of Southern sympathizers, being the first
Northern regiment to reach the scat of war. lie
also labored diligently in recruiting the rcciuisitc
number of three year volunteers, and was untiring in
his efforts in behalf of the sick and wounded soldiers.
The emancipation of the slaves was strongly recom-
mended by hiui as was also the enlistment of colored
troops, and at a meeting of the Governors of North-
ern states held at Altoona, Pennsylvania, in 1862,

JOHX A. ANPRICW

he was selected to prepare a patriotic address issued
by them to the loyal people of the North. Though
mucli of his time during the War was devoted to
providing for its maintenance and successful termi-
nation, the internal affairs of the Commonwealth re-
ceived their share of attention at his hands, and
various acts and reformations were accomplished or
recommended by him, notably : a much desired
change in the divorce laws and in the law of usury;
and of the twelve bills which he vetoed during his
administration, but two, namely : an Act requiring
Representatives in Congress to be residents of the
districts they represent, and a resolve increasing the
pay of members of the Legislature, became laws
through the two-thirds \-(ite privilege of the House.

lie was opposed to capital punishment which he
earnestly desired to have repealed, and absolutely
refused to sign the death warrant of a condenmed
murderer. Governor Andrew was re-elected for the
years 1S62-1S63-1.S64-1S65, and although earnestly
solicited by his party to continue as its candidate,
he firmly declined, giving as his reason his inability
to sujijiort the severe strain made upon his health,
and pecuniary resources. I lis last iiublic act of im-
jiortance after his retirement from office, was the
presentation to the Legislature in January 1X67, of
a petition for a license law signed by thirty thousand
citizens, and argued forcibly against strict jirohibi-
tory legislation. Shortly after liis withdrawal from
public life he was offered the Presidency of .'\ntioch
College, which he declined. Governor Andrew's
death occurred stuldenly, October 30, 1867, and
was the result of apoplexy. In religious belief lie
was a conservative Unitarian, believing in the divin-
ity of our Saviour and his mission, and he [nesitlcd
at the P'irst National Unitarian Convention, which
was held in 1865. Tlie honorary degree of Doctor
of Laws was conferred upon him both by Harvard
and Amherst, and he was chosen an Overseer of the
former in 1867. He was a member of the Afassa-
chusetts Historical Society. On December 25, 1S4S,
he married Miss l*;ii/,a Jane Hersey of Hingham,
I\Lassachusetts ; they had four children.

APPLETON, Samuel, 1766-1853.

Born in New Ipswich, N. H., 1766; rose from a
country storekeeper to a merchant prince ; estabUshed
cotton mills at Lowell and Waltham, Mass. ; con-
tributed liberally to charitable and educational objects ;
and donated the funds for the erection of Appleton
Chapel at Harvard; died in Boston, 1853.

SAMUEL APPLETON, P.enefactor of Harvard,
was born in New Ipswich, New Hampshire,
June 22, t766. His boyhood and youth were spent
upon a farm, and his educational advantages, though
meagre, enabled him to teach in tlie district schools
of his neighborhood. I'Jitering business life as the
proprietor of a country store at Ipswich, his progres-
sive tendencies soon prompted him to seek a broader
field of operation admitting of that mercantile ex-
pansion toward which his ambition was gradually
but surely leading him. He accordingly went to
lioston in 1794, and forming a partnership with his
brother, Nathan, engaged in the importing business.
When the success of his tnercantile enterprise was
assured lie turned his attention to the cotton manii-

134

UNIVERSITIES JND THEIR SONS

facturing industry both ns a means of accnmulating
wealth, and for the purpose of developing the avail-
able resources of the country, thereby affording
steady employment to the many who were constantly
in need of work. Cotton fi^ctories were erected by
him in Lowell and Waltham, Massachusetts, which
under his able management developed into thriving
industrial enterprises, and the desired ends for which
tlicy were established were amply realized. For
over twenty years he devoted much of his time to
the management of his aftairs abroad, and in 1S23
he retired permanently from active business pur-
suits, having accumulated a fortune sufficient to en-
able him to fully gratify his desires for bestowing
benefactions upon the less fortunate. It was his
custom to use his entire annual income, the greater
portion of which was contributed to objects of
charity and philanthropy, and with this end in view
he on many occasions made disbursing agents of
those whom he knew were liable to come in contact
with worthy destitute people. In his earnest desire
to distribute his munificence where it was likely to
accomplish the most good, he did not forget Har-
vard, where he decided to erect a place of worship
which for some time to come might prove adequate
to the religious demands of that Institution, and
among the notable buildings in the College yard,
Appleton Chapel stands as a fitting memorial of his
liberality and usefulness. Samuel Appleton died in
Boston, July 12, 1853, and by his will he distributed
legacies to various charities amounting to $200,000.

been Dean of the school since 1S95. Professor
Ames has prepared several collections of cases on
legal subjects, which are used in many law schools.

JAMES BARR AMES

and has contributed numerous articles to legal peri-
odicals. Professor Ames married June 29, 1880,
Sarah Russell, and has two children ; Robert Russell
and Richard Ames.

AMES, James Barr, 1846-

Born in Boston, 1846; graduated at Harvard ; taught
at private school; graduated at the Harvard Lavir
School; Assistant Professor and Professor of Law at
Harvard.

JAMES PARR AMES, Professor of Law at Har-
vard, is the son of Samuel Tarbell, and Mary
Hartwell (Barr) Ames, and was born in Boston,
June 22, 1846. His preliminary education was ob-
tained at the grammar schools of Medford and
Boston and at the Boston Latin School. In 1868
he graduated at Harvard and then spent the next
year as a teacher in a private school. After a year's
travel in Europe he returned to enter the Harvard
Law School, where he graduated in 1872. He con-
tinued at that School for a year as a graduate stu-
dent, at the end of which year he was appointed
Assistant Professor of Law at Harvard. He was
appointed full Professor of Law in 1S77 and has

APPLETON, Nathaniel, 1693-1784.

Born, 1693; graduated at Harvard, 1712; ordained to
the Ministry, 1717; Fellow of Harvard, 1717-1779; died,
1784.

NATHANIEL APPLETON, D.D., Fellow of
Harvard, was born in Ipswich, Massachu-
setts, December 9, 1693. He studied at Harvard,
where he received his Master's degree in 171 2, and
then studied theology. His ordination to the Min-
istry took place October 9, 171 7, and he succeeded
the Rev. William Brattle as Congregationalist min-
ister in Cambridge. He was an able preacher and
ranked among the foremost theologians of his day.
For sixty-two years, 171 7-1 779, he was one of the
Corporation of Harvard, and occupies an honorable
place among the Fellows of that Institution. Some
of Mr. Appleton's sermons were published prior to
his death. He died in Cambridge, February 9,
1784.

UNIVERSITIES .INI) TIIEIR SONS

'35

BANCROFT, George, 1800-1891.

Born in Worcester, Mass., 1800; educated at Phil-
lips-Exeter Academy, and Harvard, from which he
was graduated in 1817, and in Gerinany; was Tutor of
Greek at Harvard in 1822; issued the first volume of
his " History of the United States " in 18341 appointed
Collector of the Port of Boston in 1838; nominated for
Governor in 1844; entered President Polk's cabinet as
Secretary of the Navy; founded the United States
Military Academy at Annapolis; gave the order for
the occupancy of California; was Secretary of War
pro tem. for one month, and ordered the invasion of
Texas by the United States troops; Minister to Great
Britain, 1846-1849; Minister to Berlin, 1867-1874; ef-
fected important treaties with Germany and Great
Britain, according immigrants the right of expatria-
tion; completed the last revision of his history in
1883; published orations, translations, poems, etc.;
died in i8gi.

Gl'dRCM liAiN CROFT, LL.L)., D.C.L.,
I. .11. 1)., Tutor, and Overseer of Harvard,
WIS born in Worcester, Massachusetts, October 3,
iSoo, son of the Rev. Aaron Bancroft. He was
fitted for Harvard at I'liillips-lvKeter Academy, and
after graduating from the former (1817), he betook
himself to (Germany, studying in the Universities of
Ciiiltingen, Ueiiin and Heidelberg. While abroad
he pursued courses under the most eminent Pro-
fessors of the ilay in Ancient and Modern Lan-
guages, history and philosopliy ; formed an acrpiaint-
ance with such famous scholars as Humboliit and
Goethe; antl received in 1S20 the degree of Doctor
of Philoso|>hy from the University of Gottingen.
Upon liis return to the United States in 1S22, he
spent the succeeding year at Harvard as Tutor of
Greek, and in 1823 he ])ul)lished a volume of
poems. He was associated the next year with Dr.
Joseph G. Cogswell in cst;iblishing the Rountl Hill
School at Northampton, Massachusetts, and the
following year he published a translation of Heercn's
Politics of .\ncient Greece. In 1826, lie published
an oration advocating universal suffrage and the
foundation of the state on the power of the whole
people. His next literary production was the first
volume of his famous History of the United States,
antl the completion of this masterpiece of historio-
graphy which absorbed much of his time for up-
wards of fifty years, constit\ited the chief literary
labor of his life. Without being consulted Mr.
Pancroft was nominated and elected a member of
the Massachusetts Legislature, but absolutely rcfiised
to serve, and the following year declined a nomi-
nation to the State Senate. In 1S38 he was aj)-
pointed Collector of the Port of Boston, by Presi-
dent Van liureu, antl in 1S44 was the Democratic

candidate for Governor, receiving a large vote,
but not enough to elect. It was as Se(iet:iry of
the N;ivy in President Polk's i ;ibinet th;it Mr. l'i;in-
croft elTecled his most notable political achieve-
ments, n;imely : the establishment of the Nav;il
Ac;idemy ;it .\nnapolis ; the enkirgement of the
scope and increase in the niunber of Professors at the
W;isliington t )bservatory ; the sending of ;m order
to the Comnunuler of the P;u'inc S(|uadron direct-
ing him to occupy the territory of C;ili('oriiia in
ca.se war should break out between the L'liited Stales
and Mexico ; and as Secretary of War pro tem., an

GEORGE BANCROFT

office which he held for one month in addition to
his duties in the Navy Department, he gave the
order authorizing the inv;ision of Texas. .As Min-
ister Plenipotentiary to Great Britain (1846-1849),
he was successful in his efforts to secure a liberal
modification of the English laws of navig;ition ;md
allegiance. In 1867 he was chosen Minister to
Prussia ; was a year later accredited to the North
(;erm;in Confeileration, and in 1871 to the (;eini;in
Kmpire. While residing* in ISerliu he succeeded
in obtaining from Prussia a recognition of the rights
of emigrants to transfer their allegiance to the
I'nited States, which led to similar treaties with
several of the German States, and these negotiations
resulted in Lni;l;ind's abandonment of its claim of

136

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

perpetual allegiance. Mr. Bancroft was recalled
from the Berlin mission at his own request. The
second volume of his history appeared in 1S38, the
third in 1S40, and the work as a whole was com-
pleted in 1883. Few American scholars have had
such a wide recognition by educational, literary and
scientific institutions both at home and abroad as
did Mr. Bancroft. Besides the degrees of Master
of Arts and Doctor of Laws, conferred by Harvard,
1S17 and 1S43 respectively, that of Doctor of Laws
was given hiin by Lhiion in 1841 ; that of Doctor
of Historic Literature by Columbia 1S87 ; Doctor
of Philosophy, Gottingen, 1S20 and (Honorary)
Doctor of Philosophy, 1S70; Doctor of Civil Law,
Oxford, 1849; and. Doctor of Jurisprudence, Bonn,
1868. He was an honorary member of the Massa-
chusetts Historical Society, member of the Ameri-
can Philosophical Society, a fellow of the American
Academy and President of the American Historical
Association, member of the Academies of Science in
Italy, Belgium, St. Petersburg and Berlin, as well as
of several other German societies; correspondent of
the Academy of Moral and Political Sciences of the
Institute of France ; an honorary member of the So-
ciety of Antiquaries of London, and was a Knight of
the Prussian Order of Merit. From 1S43 to 1S50 he
was a member of the Board of Overseers of Harvard.
Besides his history he has published a translation of
Heeren's History of the Political System of Europe ;
History of the Colonization of the United States ;
The Necessity, the Reality and the Promise of the
Human Race ; Proceedings of the First Assembly
of Virginia, 16 19; Memorial Address on the life
and character of Abraham Lincoln ; A Plea for the
Constitution of the United States, Wounded in the
House of its Guardians ; a biography of Jonathan
Edwards contributed to the American Cyclopedia,
and various other orations, articles, etc. The last
address delivered by Mr. Bancroft was at the open-
ing of the third meeting of the American Historical
Association in Washington, April 27, 1886. For
many years he spent his winters at the National
Capital, and his summers at Newport. His death
occurred in 1891.

BALLOU, Hosea, 1796-1861.

Born in Halifax, Vt., 1796; educated in his native
town; prepared for the Universalist ministry; was
Pastor of churches in Stafford and Roxbury, Conn. ;
non-resident Professor at the Unitarian Divinity
School, Meadville, Penn. ; became Pastor of a church
at Medford, Mass. ; chosen first President of Tufts

College, 1853; visited Europe in relation to that office;
was Associate Editor of the Universalist Magazine;
published and edited several meritorious works; died
in Somerville, Mass., 1861.

HOSEA BALLOU, 2d, S.T.D., Overseer of
Harvard, was born in Halifa.x, Vermont,
October 18, 1796. He was a grand-nephew of
Rev. Hosea Ballou, one of tiie stalwart ]iioncers of
Universalism in America. After comjileting his
early education, which was acquired in his native
town, he studied theology preparatory to entering
the ministry, and his first call was to the LTniversa-
list Church at Stafford, Connecticut, about the year

HOSEA liALLOU

1815, remaining there until 1821. His next Pas-
torate was in Ro.xbury, where he continued his
labors until June 1838, and about this time he held
a non-resident Professorship at the Meadville
(Pennsylvania) LInitarian Divinity School. While
fulfilling a successful Pastorate in Medford, Massa-
chusetts, he took an active part in promoting the
establishment of Tufts College, of which he was
chosen first President in 1853, and visited several
European Colleges for the purpose of observing their
form of government. Upon his return he began
the discharge of his duties with energy and con-
ducted the affairs of that institution in an eminently
satisfactory manner until within a short time prior to

UNiyERSiriES AND THEIR SONS

137

Ills doath, wliiih occum'il in Somcrvillr, Massa-
chusetts, May 27, iSdi. Dr. liallou was an Over-
seer of Harvard for ten years beginning in 1843,
and the honorary degrees of Master of Arts and
Doctor of Divinity were conferretl n|)on him by
that institution in 1S44 and 1.S45 respectively.
He assisted in editing a nunil>er of denom-
inational pubhcations, notably the Laiivcrsalist
Magazine, in the Editorship of which he was asso-
ciated with his uncle for many years. His published
works are : The .-\niient History of Universalisni,
1829, re-issued in 1842; and his edition of Sis-
mondi's History of the Crusades appeared in 1833.

ASHMUN, John Hooker, 1800-1833.

Born in 1800; graduated at Harvard in 1818; first
Royall Professor in the Harvard Law School ; died, 1833.

JOHN HOOKER .\SHMUN, A.M., Royall Pro-
fessor in the Harvard Law School, was born
in lilandford, Massachusetts, July 3, iSoo, son of
Senator Eli P. Ashniun. After his graduation from
Harvard, which took place in 181 8, he assisted Judge
Howe and Elijah J. Mills in founding a Law School
in Northampton, Massachusetts. When the estab-
lishment of the Harvard Law School was completed
he was chosen its first Professor under the endow-
ment of Isaac Royall in 1829, and occupied the
chair until his death, which occurred .\pril i, 1833.
Judge Story regarded him as a lawyer of unusual
ability, and his funeral discourse was delivered by
that eminent jurist.

AUSTIN, James Trecothic, 1784-1870.

Born in Boston, Mass., 1784; graduated at Harvard,
1802: served as Town Advocate, Representative to the
General Court, County-Attorney and Attorney-Gen-
eral ; Overseer of Harvard for twenty-seven years;
died in Boston, 1870.

JAMES TRECOTHIC AUSTIN, LL.D., Over-
seer of Harvard, was born in Boston, Massa-
chusetts, January 7, 1784; sou of Jonathan L.
.Austin. He was educated at Harvard, graduating
with the Class of 1802, and applying himself to the
study and practice of law, attained eminence in his
profession. A patriotic oration which he delivered
at Lexington, July 4, 1815, so firmly established his
reputation as an orator that he was afterward in great
demand as a public speaker, and some of his ora-
tions were published. He was also the author of a
Life of Elbridge Gerry, a daughter of whom he mar-

ried in 1806. Mr. Austin was 'I'uwii A.lvocate in
1809, member of the Legislature and Attorney for
Suffolk county 181 2-1832 and Attorney-General of
Massachusetts for the years 1S32-1843. Politically
he was an .\nti-Eederalist, and firmly opposed the
.Miolition piilicy. In addition to the tlegree of
Master of .\rls rc<ei\ed at grailuatioii, that of Doc-
tor of Laws was conferred upon him in 1838 by
Harvard, of which he was an Overseer 1826-1853.
He was a member of tlie Massachtisetts Historical
Society and a fellow of the American Academy.
Mr. .\ustin died in lioston. May 8, 1S70.

ASHTON, Charles Hamilton, 1866-

Born in Centre Cambridge, New York, 1866; gradu-
ated at Union College, Schenectady, N. Y.; taught at
Oakfield, N. Y., Tivoli, N. Y.. and at Mansfield, Penn. ;
was two years at the Harvard Graduate School; ap-
pointed Instructor of Mathematics at Harvard.

IIARLI'IS HAMILTON ASIITON, Instructor

in Mathematics at llar\ar(i, was born in

New York, .Vugust 12, 1866.

Centre Cambridge,

cH.AKLics II. ,\sinox

His parents were John and Jennie (Lowrie) Ashton,
while his ancestry traces itself back to a Scotch
family that l,unle<l iu this country about 1760. I'ntil
thirteen years of age he was educated in the district

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

school. After that, he spent three years at the
Greenwich (New \ork) High School, and then in
1SS7 giadnated at the Union College, Schenectady,
New Vork. The years 1892-1.S94 were spent at
the Harvard draduate Scliool. After lea\ ing I'nion
College he had taught at Oakfield, New \'ork, for a
year, at 'I'ivoli, New Vork, for a year, and at Mans-
field, Pennsylvania, fur three years. In 1893 he
received his aiipointnient at Harvard. Mr. Ashton
married December 26, ICS94, Cora Hughes Phillijis,
and has two chikhen : Madeline and Annette
.Ashton.

BABBITT, Frank Cole, 1867-

Born in Bridgewater, Conn., 1867; graduated at
Phillips-Andover Academy and at Harvard; taught in
Connecticut and Boston; Instructor in Greek at
Harvard.

FR.VNK COLE RABBIIT, Ph.D,, Instructor in
Greek at Harvard, is the son of Isaac and
Sarah (Cole) Babbitt, and was born in Bridgewater,
("onnecticut, June 4, 1867. After passing through

FRANK COLE BABBIIT

the public schools of Connecticut he graduated at
Phillips-Andover .Academy in 1 8S5. In 1890, after
a three years' course at Harvard, he received his

of 1 )octor of Philosoiihy. l''or the next year he was a
Fellow of the .American School of Classical Studies
at .Athens. After leaving .Andover he taught in the
public schools of Connecticut for a year and after
graduating at Harvard he was a teacher in Miss
Rideoute's school at lioston until his appointment
as Fellow of the School at .Athens. In the autumn
of 189S he was jjlaced in charge of the Department
of Greek at Trinity College, Hartford.

BACHI, Pietro, 1787-1853.

Born in Sicily, 1787; educated at the University of
Padua; fled to England on account of political com-
plications, 1815; came to America, 1825; Instructor in
Italian, Spanish and Portuguese at Harvard, 1826-
1846; prepared some valuable text-books on those
languages; died, 1853.

PIKTRO BACHI, J.U.D., for twenty years
Instructor of Modern Languages at Harvard,
was born in Sicily in 1787. ICducated at the Uni-
versity of Padua he adopted the law as a profession
but owing to his connection with Murat's attempt to
gain possession of the crown of the two Sicilies he
was obliged in 1815 to take refuge in England.
Coming to the United States ten years later, he was
in 1826 called to Harvard as teacher of Italian,
Spanish and Portuguese, remaining as such until
1846. He ]")repared several grammars and phrase
books and a book of fables for learning Italian ; and
was also the author of A Comparative View of the
Spanish and Portuguese Languages. Mr. Baclii
received his degree of Master of .Arts from Harvard,
and that of Doctor of Lhiiversal Jurisprudence from
the Lfniversity of Palermo. He died in Boston
August 22, 1853.

BAKER, George Pierce, 1866-

Born in Providence, R. I.. i856: graduated at Har-
vard; Instructor at Harvard; Assistant Professor of
English at Harvard; Instructor in English at Welles-
ley ; author of the Principles of Argumentation ; Speci-
mens of Argumentation and other works.

GEORGE PIERCE BAKER, Assistant Pro-
fessor of English at Harvard, is the son of
(ieorge Pierce and Lucy Daily (Cady) Baker, and
was born in Providence, Rhode Island, April 4,
1 866. After receiving an education at the Mowry
and Goflf School and at the High School in Provi-

degree of Bachelor of Arts, in 1892 he received dence, he entered Harvard, where he graduated in
the degree of Master of Arts, and in 1895 the degree 1S87. The next year he was appointed Instructor

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

nt the College ami in rSf)5 was made Assistant Tnited States, was the first to ocriipy the Chair.
Professor. While holding the Harvard appointment, Mr. lioylston's nephew. Ward Nicholas JJoyiston,

he has serveti from 1X92 to 1895 as Instructor in
English at Welleslev. A number of litc-rary works
have come from his pen : Specimens of .Vrgumen-
tation ; Princii)les of .Argumentation ; an edition of

GEO. p. EAKKR

Joiin I.yly's Endymion and an edition of Midsummer
Night's Dream. He married, August 16, 1S93,
Christina Hopkinson. He has had two children :
John Hopkinson, born June 30, 1S94, and lulwin
Osborne Baker, born Eebruary 21, 1896.

BOYLSTON, Nicholas, 1716-1771.

Born in Boston, Mass.. in 1716; founded the Boyls-
ton Professorship at Harvard; died, 1771-

NICIIOIAS BOYLSTON, one of the early
Benefactors of Harvard, was born in Boston,
Massachusetts, in lyrG. He was a prosperous mer-
chant and that he took more than a usual interest
in the development of education, is amply attested
by the fact that at his death, which occurred .August
iS, i77r, he left a legacy of _j^i 500 for the purpose
of establishing and maintaining a Professorship of
Rhetoric and Oratory at Harvard. The P)oylston
Professorship was ]Mit in operation June 12, 1S06,
and John (Juincy .Adams, afterward I'resident of the

also a benefactor of Harvard, was horn in Boston,
Massachusetts, November 22, 1749. In 1773 he
went to pAirope and while in London joineil the
Loyalist Association organized there in 1779. He
returned to Boston in 1800. TLs valuable collec-
tion of medical and anatomical works, engravings,
etc., were presented by him to Harvard in 1810,
the whole forming what is known as the Boylston
Library. He died in Roxbury, Massachusetts,
January 7, 1S28.

BENNETT, Edmund Hatch, 1824-1898.

Born in Manchester, Vt , 1824 ; graduated from the
University of Vermont, 1843 ; admitted to the Bar, 1847 ;
settled in Taunton, Mass., 1848 ; Judge of Probate and
Insolvency for Bristol county for twenty-five years ;
Mayor of Taunton for three years ; Lecturer at the Har-
vard Law School, 1870-1871 ; Lecturer at the Boston
University Law School for twenty-five years; and its
Dean from 1876 to 1897; died in Boston, Mass., 1898.

EDMUND HATCH r.i:NNl': IT, LL.D., Lec-
turer at the Harvard Law School, was born
in Manchester, Vennunt, .April 6, 1S24. His par-
ents were Milo Lyman and .Adeline ( Hatch )
Bennett, the former of whom was a graduate of Yale
and for twenty-one years an .Associate Justice of the
Vermont Supreme Court. Having fitted for College
at the Burr and Burton Seminary, Manchester, and
the Burlington Academy, lie entered the University
of Vermont, from W'hich he was grailuated in 1S43.
His law studies were pursued in his father's office
and after his admission to the Ciiittenden County
]!ar m 1847, he began the practice of liis profession
in Boston, subsequently removing to Taunton,
^L^ssachusetts, where he resided for thirty-six years.
He was Judge of Probate and Insolvency for Bristol
county from 1858 to 1883 in which year he resigned,
;ind was the first I\Layor of Taunton, to which ofifice
he w.as twice re-elected. From 1870 to 1S72 he
was a Lecturer at the ll;ir\aril Law School, and in
the latter year became a member of the first lecture
force at the Boston University. He declined to
serve as Dean when tin; departimiU was organized
but accepted the position in 1876 and at the ter-
mination of his services ( 1S97 ) his portrait was
placed in the Law School Building. Judge Bennett
was the editor of numerous legal reports and writ-
ings amounting in all to over one hundred volumes,
notable among which are : English Law ;nid I'.quity
and Cushing's Massachusetts Reports ; Massachusetts

I 40

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

Digest; Brigbam on Infamy: liliickwcll on Tax
Titles; Goddanl on IvisL-mt-nt ; ISenjaniin on Sales;
Pomeroy's C'onstitntional Law; Imleiniaur's Princi-
ples of Common Law; Fire Insnrance Cases; ami
the entire legal writings of Ju'lge Story. Llis death
occurred in lioston, January 2, T89S. He received
from the LTniversity of Vermont the degree of
Doctor of Laws in 1873. At Taunton, June 29,

EDMUND H. BENNETT

1853, he married Miss Sally, daughter of the late
Samuel L. Crocker of that city. Two of his chil-
dren are living: Samuel C, Dean of the Boston
University Law School and Mary B., who is the wife
of Dr. William M. Conant.

BECK, Charles, 1798-1866.

Born in Heidelberg, Germany, 1798 ; studied The-
ology in Berlin and ZUbunzen; came to America in
1824; taught at the Round Hill School, Northampton,
Mass., and lA'as associated with others in establishing
a school at Phillipstown, on the Hudson ; called to the
Chair of Latin Language and Literature at Harvard,
1832, and after his retirement in 1850, devoted his time
to literature ; was a representative to the Legislature
two years ; died in Cambridge, Mass., i856.

CH.ARLES r.F.CK, LL.D., Professor of Latin
Language and Literature at Harvard, was
liorn in Heidelberg, Germany, .August 19, 1798.

His studies were completed witli a tlieological course
at Berlin and ZUbunzen after whicii he was for a
time Tutor at the University of Basle, Switzerland.
His republican sympathies comimimised liis liberty
to such an extent as to necessitate his taking refuge
in the Lhiited States in 1S24, and he suliseipiently
engaged in educational work. He was connected
with the Rountl Hill Scliool, Northani])ton, Massa-
chusetts until 1830, when with two other teachers he
established a school at Phillipstown on the Hudson,
opposite West Point. He occupied the Chair of Latin
Language and Literature at Harvard from 1832 to
1850, at the expiration of whicli time he retired and
the rest of his life was devoted to literature and the
study of the classics. His degrees of Master of .Arts
and Doctor of Philosophy were conferred upon him
at Ziibunzen in 1823, and that of Doctor of Laws by
Llarvard in 1865. He was Vice-President of the
American Academy. His Manuscri|>ts of the Satyri-
con of Petronius .\rbiter, Described and Collated,
were issued by him in 1S63. Professor Beck repre-
sented Cambridge in the Massachusetts I^egislature
two years. He took an active interest in the educa-
tion of the Freedmen, the Soldiers' Fund, and the
Sanitary Commission. He died in Cambridge,
M.arch 19, 1866.

BIXBY, Harry Oliver, 1869-

Born in Milford, N. H., 1869; graduated at the
Nashua High School, i885, and at the Harvard Den-
tal School, 1890 ; has been railroad station agent,
telegrapher, private correspondence clerk ; practised
Dentistry in Bath, Maine, and North Cambridge,
Mass. ; Instructor in Mechanical Dentistry at the
Harvard Dental School.

HARRY OLIVER BLXBY, D.M.D., Instructor
in Dentistry at Harvard, the son of Oliver
H. and Sarah Elizabeth Bixby, was born in Milford,
New Hampshire, February 12, 1S69, moving from
there to Nashua, New Hampshire, 1S70, and from
Nashua to Boston in 1889. He comes of a patriotic
family, his great-great-grandfather having fought in
the Revolutionary War as a Minuteman at Concord,
and also in the^Var of 18 12. He had also a grand-
father at Ticonderoga, and his father was in tlie Civil
War, a Lieutenant in artillery. After receiving an
education at the Nashua High School, he entered
the Harvard Dental School, where he graduated in
1S90. He tried various occupations, including that
of railroad station agent, telegrapher and private
correspondence clerk, before entering upon his

UNIVERSiriES AND THEIR SONS

141

chosen profession. Immediately after obtaining tlic I'.oston Inisincss men of his day. He was a Fellow
decree of Doctor of Medical Dentistry he began of Harvard from 170;, to 1707, and its Treasurer

practice in P>atli, Maine. Since 1891 he has practised
in North Cambridge. Dr. ISixby is a Director of

H. OLIVER BIXBY

the Arlington Boat Club, President of the Inter Se
Social Club, and one of the Managers of the Newtowne
Club of North Cambridge. He is an ardent lover
of all athletic sports, having competed with some
considerable s\iccess in rowing, swimming over and
under water, holding a record of one hundred and
thirty-five feet under water, skating, figure skating
especially, bicycle riding, bowling, also fencing and
boxing. Since 1892 he has been connected with
the Harvard Dental School as Instructor in
Mechanical I )entistry.

fri>in i6y_5 to 1 7 i .V He was the author iif : ICclipse
of the Sim and Moon Observed in New i'.ngland,
publishetl in the l'hilosoi)hieal Transactions lor
1704; Lunar I'xlipse in New England, 1707; and
a private letter in which he gives a vivid account of
the witchcraft ilelusion of 1692, is jncserved in tlie
Massachusetts Historical Collection. His death
occurred in l!oston, May 18, 17 13.

BAXTER, Gregory Paul, 1876-

Born in Somerville, Mass.. 1876; graduated at Har-
vard; Instructor in Chemistry at Harvard.

GRf.GOUV PAIT, ISAX'll'.R, A.M., Instrurlor
of Chemistry at Harvard, is the son of
George Lewis and Ida Florence (I'aul) Daxter, and
was born in Somerville, Massachusetts, March 3,
1876. He is a direct desceiulant of tlregory liax-
ter who came from England with Winthrop. After
fitting for College in the Somerville High School,
Mr. Baxter entered Harvard, where he graduated in

BRATTLE, Thomas, 1657-1713.

Born in Boston, Mass., 1657; educated at Harvard,
graduating in 1676; was a prosperous merchant; an
interesting writer; Fellow and Treasurer of Harvard;
died in Boston, Mass., 1713.

THOMAS BRAdT'Ll-:, A.M., Fellow and
Treasurer of Harvard, was born in Boston,

^L^ssachusetts, September 5, 1657. Completing 1896. The next year he received the degree of

his studies and taking his Master's degree at Har- Master of Arts. Meanwhile from 1895 to 1S97 he

vard in 1676, lie turned his attention to mercantile had lieen .Assistant in Chemistry at Harvard, and in

pursuits anil lueame one of the most iirominent the latter year was appointed Instructor.

GRICGORV I'.MI. HAXll;U

142

UNIVERSITIES JND THEIR SONS

BEALE, Joseph Henry, Jr., 1861-

Born in Dorchester, Mass., 1861 ; graduated at the
Harvard Law School; taught at the St. Paul School,
Concord, N. H.; practised Law in Boston; Lecturer
at the Harvard Law School ; Assistant Professor and
Professor.

JOSEPH HENRY T5E.\I.E, Jr., A.M., Pro-
fessor of Law .It Harvard, belongs to a family
thu has long been settled in Anieriea. His parents
were Joseph Henry and Frances E. ( Messenger )
Beale. Born in Dorchester, ( Boston ) Massachu-
setts, October 12, 1861, Mr. Beale was educated at

JOSEPH H. BEALE, JR

the Chauncey Hall School, Boston, and at Harvard,
graduating at the latter College in 1S82, studying
at the Harvard Graduate School in 1SS3-1884 and
then at the Harvard Law School, receiving the de-
grees of Bachelor of Laws and Master of Arts at
Harvard in 1887. For a year after graduating at
Harvard he was a teacher at St. Paul School, Con-
cord, New Hampshire. From 1887 to 1892 he
practised law in Boston, serving also during the last
two years mentioned as Lecturer at the Harvard
Law School. In 1892 he was made Assistant Pro-
fessor at the Law School, and in 1897 Professor.
Professor Beale married, December 23, 1891,
Elizabeth Chadwick Day, and has one child : Eliza-
beth Chadwick Beale.

BRATTLE, William, 1663-1717.

Born in Boston, Mass., about 1663; graduated at
Harvard 1680; was Tutor at that College, and sub-
sequently Pastor of the Church in Cambridge; Fel-
low and Treasurer of Harvard; author of a treatise on
logic ; died, 1717.

WILLIAM BRATTLE, D.D., Fellow and
Treasurer of Harvard, was born in Boston
about the year 1663. His name appears among
the recipients of the degree of ^Laster of Arts
from Harvard in 16S0, and he was employed as
a Tutor in the College, but :ifterwards entered the
Ministry and was installed as Pastor of the Church
in Cambridge. He was a Fellow of Harvard for
nearly thirty years, first from 1 685-1 700 ; again from
1 703 to I 7 1 7, and was Treasurer from 1 7 1 3 to 1715
succeeding his brother Tiiomas. Dr. Brattle died
February 15, 1717, at the age of fifty-four years.
The degree of Doctor of L)ivinity was conferred
u[)on him by Harvard in 1692, and he was honored
by a fellowship of the Royal Society of London.
His treatise on Logic ; Compendium Logica Se-
cundum Principia D. Renati Cartessi was for many
years a standard College text-book. The Brattles
occupied a position of prominence in Boston and
Cambridge, both of which cities have streets named
in their honor.

BOCHER, Ferdinand, 1832-

Born in New York, 1832 ; taught French at St. Louis,
Mo. ; Instructor in French at Washington University;
Instructor in French at Harvard; Professor of Modern
Languages at the Massachusetts Institute of Tech-
nology; Professor of Modern Languages at Harvard;
translator and editor of numerous books.

FERDINAND BOCHER, A.M., Professor of
Modern Languages at Harvard, was born in
New York, August 29, 1832, but he comes of a
French family, and passed all his childhood in
France, his parents having returned to their native
country the year after their son's birth. He has
been connected with Harvard since 1861. Before
that time he taught French for three years in St.
Louis, and then in 1857-59 was Instructor in
French at ^Vashington University. The latter year
he went to Europe, where he remained for two
years. Returning he became Instructor in French
at Harvard. In 1 869-1 871 he was Professor of
Modern Languages at the Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, receiving in the latter year his ap-
pointment of Professor of Modern Languages at

UNIVERSITIES JND THIilR SONS

Harvard. Among hi

are the traiislalicin and revision, witii additions, of
several editions of Otto's French dranmiar, tlie
pubhcation in 1S71 of A Progressive French Reader,

more important pnbUcations practice of his profession. In this he was eminently

successful, and turning his attention to politics, he
gained immediate recognition by his party. This
rising young lawyer early displayed ([uaiilies valuable
in public life, and in his twenty-sixth year he was
elected a Representative to tlie Legislature from
New Bedford, and in 1S45 he was a member of
the Senate of Massachusetts. In 1839 Governor
Everett appointed him District Attorney for the
Soutiiern District, and in 1S49 he was appointed
Attorney-(;eneral of the State, an office which he
filled by appointment and election until 185S,
except during the year in which he occuitied
the Chair of Chief Magistrate of the Common-
wealth. During iiis service as Attorney-General
he was called upon as prosecuting officer of the
State to conduct some especially notable cases.
The most historic perhaps, was the trial of Professor
John W. Webster of Harvard for the murder of Dr.
George Parkman in 1850. In 1853, Mr. Cliflbid
was elected Governor of the State, being appointed
Attorney-General again on the expiration of his

FERDINAND BOCHER

the eiliting of a College series of French plays pub-
lished during the last ten years, besides frequent
contributions to various literary publications.

CLIFFORD, John Henry, 1809-1876.

Born in Providence, R.I. i8og ; graduated, Brown,
1827; Representative in Massachusetts Legislature,
1835; Governor of Massachusetts, 1853; Attorney-Gen-
eral of the State, 1849-58; President of State Senate,
1862; President of the Boston & Providence R. R.
Company, 1867; degree of LL.D., Brown 1849. Har-
vard and Amherst, 1853; President of the Board of
Overseers, Harvard, 1868-74 ; died 1876.

JOHN HExXRY CLIFFORD, LL.D., member
of the Board of Overseers of Harvard, and
for a number of years President of that Board, was
born in Providence, Rhode Island, January 16,
1809. He entered Brown University at the early

age of fourteen, graduating in the Class of T827. term as Executive. It was, therefore, with a ripe
Soon after graduation he removed to the City of and imusiially varied experience of \mh\\c affairs
New Bedford, Massachusetts, and upon his admission that Mr. Clifford resumed Legislative duties, accept-
to the Bar in 1830, established himself there in the ing election to the State Senate, of which body

144

UNIFERSiriES AND THEIR SONS

he was chosen Presiilinj; officer in 1862. At the
age of fifty-fight, iMr. CHfforil ceased tlie practice
of law, the profession in which he had achieved
a conspicuous success, to assume the Presidency of
the Boston & Providence Railroad Company. In
the direction of the affairs of this road, his great
executive talent fuund profitable application. He
did not return to political life but devoted his
energies to large affairs of business and educa-
tion. Fur many years he was a member of the
Board of Overseers of Harvard, his first service
being in 1853, when he was an cx-officii> member
as Governor of the Commonwealth. In 1854 and
again 1S65 he was elected by tlie Legislature,
and in 1S68 and 1875 by the Alumni. From 1S68
to 1874 he was President of the Board. He died
at New Bedford, January 2, 1876. Governor
Clifford married in 1832, Sarah Parker, daughter of
William Howland Allen, of New Bedford. Governor
Clifford received the degree of Doctor of Laws
from Brown University in 1849. Harvard and
Amherst conferred the same degree upon him in
1853 when he held the office of Ciovernor of the
Commonwealth.

BOWEN, Francis, 1811-1890.

Born in Charlestown, Mass., 181 1 ; graduate of Har-
vard, 1833 ; Instructor in Intellectual Philosophy and
Political Economy at the same Institution, 1835-1839 ;
Editor and Proprietor of the North American Review ;
delivered Lowell Institute Lectures in Boston; suc-
ceeded Dr. Walker in the Alford Professorship at
Harvard ; and " Emeritus " Professor at the time of
his death, (1890).

FR.\NCIS BOWEN, LL.D., Alford Professor at
Harvard, was born in Charlestown, Massa-
chusetts, September 8, 181 1. He was graduated at
Harvard in 1 833, two years later becoming Instructor
in Natural Philosophy and Political Economy.
While studying in Europe (i 839-1 841) he formed
the acquaintance of sucli noted scholars as Sismondi
and De Geramlo. Returning to Cambridge, he, in
1843, took charge of the North American Review,
as Editor and proprietor, and conducted that mag-
azine for nearly eleven years. During the years
1S48-1S49 he lectured before the Lowell Institute,
Boston, on the application of Metaphysical and
Ethical Science to the Evidences of Religion. On
account of his having taken the unpopular side in
the Review on the " Hungarian Question," the
Board of Overseers of Harvard would not concur

witli tlie Corporation in ajipointing him to the
McLean Professorship of History in 1850. In the
winter of that year he again lectured before the Lowell
Institute on Political Economy, and in 1852 his
subjects were the Origin and Development of the
English and .American Constitutions. Upon the elec-
tion of Dr. Walker to the Presidency of Harvard
(1853), Mr. Bowen received almost unanimous con-
firmation by the Overseers as Alford Professor of
Natural Religion, Moral Philosophy and Civil Pol-
ity, holding that Chair continuously until 1S88,
when he became Professor " Emeritus." He was

FRANCIS BOWEN

also for some time the Professor of Mathematics
and Natural Philosophy at Phillips- E.xeter .Academy.
His subsequent Lowell Institute lectures were
devoted to the Elnglish nietai)hysicians and phil-
osophers from Bacon to Sir William Hamilton.
Professor Bowen died in 1890. He was a fellow of
the American Academy and a member of the Mas-
sachusetts Historical Society. His published works
consist of: Virgil, with English notes; Critical
Essays on the History and Present Condition of
Speculative Philosophy; Lowell Lectures; an
abridged edition of Dugald Stewart's Philosophy of
the Human Mind ; Documents of the Constitution
of England and .America, from Magna Charta to the
Federal Constitution of 1789 ; the lives of Steuben,

UNIFERSrriES AND THEIR SONS

^AS

Otis, and Benjamin Lincoln, in Sparks' American
Biography ; Principles of Political lu:ononiy Applied
to the Condition, Resources and Institutions of the
American People ; a reviseil edition of Reeve's
translation of l)e 'i'ociiueville's Democracy in
America ; a Treatise on Logic ; American Political
Economy, with remarks on the finances since the
beginning of the Civil War; Modern Philosophy,
from Descartes to Schopenhauer and Hartmann ;
Gleanings from a Literary Life, 1S38-1880; and A
Layman's Study of the Englisii Bible, considered in
its Literary and Secular Aspect.

BARTLETT, George Alonzo, 1844-

Born in Vassalboro, Me., 1844; entered Bowdoin;
served in the War of the Rebellion ; studied in Berlin
and Bonn ; Instructor in German at Harvard ; Tutor
in German; Assistant Professor; Associate Professor;
Regent of the College.

GEORGE ALONZO BARTLETT, A.M.,
Regent of Harvard, the son of Alonzo and
Sally (Lincoln) Bartlett, was born in Vassalboro,

GEORGE A. B.iRTLE'IT

]\Liine, March 2, 1S44. He fitted at the Bangor
(Maine) High School for the Sophomore Class of
Bowdoin, but his collegiate training was immediately
interrupted by an enlistment in the Army for the
War of the Rebellion, in which service he remained
VOL. II. — 10

three years and three months. Lie completed his
studies in the German Liiiversities of Berlin and
Bonn, and from llarvarti in iiS93 received the hon-
orary degree of Master of .Arts. In 1872 he was
appointed Instructor in German at Harvard, was
afterwards made Tutor, and in 1S76 was appointed
Assistant Professor and in 1891 .Associate Professor
of German. In the latter year he was also made
Regent of the College.

BRIGGS, Edward Cornelius, 1856-

Born in Lawrence, Mass., 1856; graduated from Har-
vard Dental School and Harvard Medical School; In-
structor in Operative Dentistry at Harvard; Assistant
Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics; Pro-
fessor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics; President
of the Harvard Dental Alumni Association ; President
of the Harvard Odontological Society ; member of the
American Medical Association; American Academy
of Science and other organizations.

EDWARD CORNELIUS BRIGGS, D.M.D.,
M.D., Professor of Materia Medica and
Therapeutics at Harvard, comes of a distinguished
ancestry. He is the son of Caleb Tucker and Emily
Gray (Poor) Briggs, and was born in Lawrence,
Massachusetts, September 6, 1S56. Paternally and
maternally he inherits the blood of the two ancient
colonies of Massachusetts, Boston and Plymouth.
On his father's side he is descended from Walter
Briggs, who settled in Scituate on or before 165 1
and who was in 1676 a soldier of the Plymouth
Colony in the King Philip \Var. On his mother's
side he is descended from Daniel Poor and George
Abbott, who were in 1644 among tlie first to settle
in Andover, Massachusetts. Among the families of
early Massachusetts he also traces lineal descent
from Chandler, Abbott, Farnham, .Ames, Philips,
.Adams, Appleton, Sprague, Sewell, Symonds, Long-
fellow, Osgood and Prescott. The emigrants of the
above-named families were in Massachusetts before
1 640, many of them holding offices of honor and
trust in the civil or military government of the col-
onics. Dr. Briggs' great-grandfather, Caleb Abbott,
was for seven years a soldier of the Revolution,
marching at the Lexington alarm, fighting at Bunker
Hill, Trenton, Princeton and Saratoga. lulward
C. Briggs received his early education at the High
School, Lawrence, Massachusetts, graduated from
the Harvard Dental School in 1878, and from the
Harvard Medical School in 18S0. From the latter
year until 18S4 he was Instructor in Operative
Dentistry at Harvard, and for the next twelve years

146

UNIFERSiriES AND THEIR SONS

was Assistant Professor of Materia Medica an<l
Therapeutics, receiving in 1S96 his present appoint-
ment. He has served also as President of the Har-
vard Dental Alumni Association and of the Harvard

'rrtWT-f

EDWARD CORNELIUS BRIGGS

Odontoiogical Society. He is a member of the
American Medical Association, the Massachusetts
Medical Society, the American Academy of Dental
Science, the Society of Colonial Wars and the Sons
of the American Revolution, as well as the Univer-
sity and Puritan Clubs of Boston. He married on
November 17, 1SS5, Lou Lord, and has two children :
Templeton and Dorotliy Briggs.

U. S. Marshal and Inspector of Revenues 1795; Adjt-
Gen., 1812-15 ; Governor for eight years in succession ;
Overseer of Harvard 1815-17; published orations, dis-
courses, etc., died, 1825.

JOHN BROOKS, M.D., LL.D., Overseer of
Harvard, was born in Medford, Massachusetts,
May 31, 1752. When fourteen years old he began
the study of medicine with Dr. Simon Tufts, and
was a fellow student of Benjamin Thompson, after-
ward Count Rumford. At the age of twenty-one
he engaged in practice at Reading, but the turbu-
lent condition of colonial affairs just prior to the
Revolution absorbed much of his time, and re-
sponding to the general alarm, April T9, 1775, he
marched to Lexington at the head of a company
drilled by himself. Having received a Major's
commission his next important military duty was
to assist in erecting the fortifications on Breed's
Hill, Charlestown, on the night of June sixteenth,
and on the morning of the seventeenth was sent on
foot by Colonel Prescott with an urgent despatch to
General Ward, which prevented him from partici-
pating in the famous battle of that day. .'\s Lieu-
tenant-Colonel of the Eighth INLassachusetts, which

BROOKS, John, 1752-1825.

Born in Medford, Mass., 1752: studied medicine and
located for practice in Reading, Mass.; drilled a com-
pany of Minutemen with which he marched to Lexing-
ton, April 19, 1775; commissioned Major, and assisted
in fortifying Breed's Hill, June 16, 1775 ; appointed
Lieut. -Col. of the Eighth Mass. Regiment, 1777, and
went to the relief of Fort Stanwix ; captured the
Hessian intrenchments at the Battle of Saratoga;

promoted Colonel, 1778; assisted Baron Steuben in he was mainly instrumental in recruiting, he went
establishing a system of military tactics; acted as ^^ ^^^ ^^jj^f ^f y^^^ g^^,^^^;^ ;„ ^ ^ ^^^

Adjt. -Gen. at the Battle of Monmouth ; was Maj. -Gen.

of militia under the state government; member of the ^n ingenious stratagem suggested by hmi for dlS-
convention that ratified the Federal Constitution 1788 ; persing the Indians proved successful. He com-

JOHN BROOKS

UNIVERSIl'IES JND rUEJR SONS

manded his regiment nt the I'.attle of Saratoga and
(listin,i;iiished himself by capturing the Hessian
intrenchments. In 1778 he was promoted Colonel
and in association with Baron Steuben formulated a
system of military tactics. The duties of Adjutant-
General were ably performed by him at the liattle
of Monmouth, and he was loyal to (ieneral Washing-
ton at the time of the Newburg conspiracy (17S3).
Dr. Brooks resumed the practice of medicine in
Medford after the War, but did not entirely
withdraw from military affairs as he served as
Major-C.encral of Militia for many years, and was
Adjutant-Cleneral of the State from 181 2 to 1S15.
His public services in a civil capacity correspond
with his military record for ability and fliithfulness.
He was chosen a delegate to the State Convention
which ratified the Federal Constitution ; was elected
Covcrnor in 1S16 and served continuously for eight
years. For the years 1815-1S Governor ISrooks
was an Overseer of Harvard which gave him the
honorary degrees of Master of Arts and Doctor of
Laws. He published an oration delivered before
the Society of the Cincinnati ; a discourse before
the Humane Society ; a eulogy on Washington ; and
a discourse on Pneumonia. He died March i, 1825,
and by his will his library was given to the State
^[edical Society, of which he was President from
1S17 to the time of his death.

BYLES, Mather, 1735-1814.

Born in Boston, Mass , 1735 ; educated at Harvard,
graduating in 1751 ; Librarian there, 1755-57 ; ordained
a Congregational minister, but later became an Episco-
palian ; Rector of Christ Church, Boston, prior to the
American Revolution, and of Trinity Church, St. John,
New Brunswick, from 1791 until his death, 1814.

MATHER BVLES, D.D., Librarian of Har-
vard, was born in Boston, ^Lassachusetts,
January 12, 1735. His father was a distinguished
Congregational clergyman of the same name, who
was dismissed from the Pastorate of the Hollis Street
Church, Boston, on account of his loyalty to the
("rown. The younger Byles was graduated from
Harvard in 1751, and after completing his theo-
logical studies became Pastor of a Congregational
Church in New London, Connecticut, but in 176S he
espoused the Episcopal faith and accepting the
charge of Christ Church, P.oston, continued its
Rector mitil expelled from town witli his Tory asso-

ciates. He was subsequently called to St. John,
New Brunswick, and was the first Rector of Trinity
Church, completed in 1791. He died there March
12, iSi.}. Dr. ISyles was from 1755 to 1757 Libra-
rian of Harvard, which gave him the degree of
Master of .Xrts at graduation. 'I'he honorary degree
of the same rank was conferreil upon him by Yale
in 1757, and that of Doctor of Di\ inity by (J.xford
in 1770.

BOCHER, Maxime, 1867-

Born in Boston, Mass., 1867; graduated at Har-
vard; studied mathematics at Gbttingen; Instructor
of Mathematics at Harvard; Assistant Professor.

WXIMI': BOCHl'.R, I'h.D., Assistant Pro-
fessor of Mathematics at Harvard, was
born in P>oston, ALassachusetts, .-Xugust 28, 1867.
After receiving his degree of Bachelor of .\rts at

M.^XIME BOCHER

Harvard, in 18S8, he studied mathematics for three
years at Gottingen, principally with Klein, holding
travelling fellowships from Harvard during this time.
At Gottingen he received the degree of Doctor of
Philosophy and immediately after was apjwinted
Instructor of Mathematics at Harvard. In 1894
he was appointed Assistant Professor in the same
branch.

148

BROOKS, Neil Conwell, 1869-

Born in Kansas City, Mo., 1869; educated at the
University of Kansas ; studied the modern languages
at the Universities of Berlin and Paris; Principal of
the High School of Paola, Kan. ; student at the Gradu-
ate School, Harvard ; Instructor in German at Harvard.

NEIL CONWELL BROOKS, Ph.D., instructor
in German at Harvanl, is descended pater-
nally from the New England family of Brooks, which
has lived for many generations at Concord, Massa-
chusetts. Maternally he traces his descent from a
Pennsylvania family of Quaker blood. He himself
was born in Kansas City, Missouri, on Marcli 11,

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

German at the University of Illinois. He received
in 1898 the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at
Harvard.

N. C. BROUKS

1869, his parents being Charles N. and Annie
(Updegraff) Brooks. After passing through the
grammar and high schools of his native city, Mr.
Brooks attended the LTniversity of Kansas, pursuing
the old-fashioned classical course and not specializ-
ing in his studies. In 1S90 he graduated and
then spent a little over two years in travel and study
abroad, taking work in the modern languages at the
Universities of Berlin and Paris. In 1S93— 1895 he
was Principal of the High School of Paola, Kansas.
In the last named year he took up the study of
Germanic Literature and Philology in the Graduate
School of Harvard, where he subsequently received
his appointment as Instructor in German. Mr.
Brooks is now connected with the Department of

BROOKS, Phillips, 1835-1893.

Born in Boston, Mass., 1835 ; graduated at Harvard
1855, and from the Protestant Episcopal Theological
Seminary, Alexandria, Va., 1859 ; Rector of the Church
of the Advent, Phila., three years and of the Church ol
the Holy Trinity, same city, for seven years; called to
the Rectorship of Trinity Church, Boston, 1E69 ;
preached in many of the prominent churches in Eng-
land, acquiring fame as a pulpit orator abroad as well
as at home ; Lecturer on Preaching at the Yale Divi-
nity School, 1877; Overseer of Harvard, 1883-1889;
Lecturer there i886-if9i ; elected Bishop of Massachu-
setts, 1891 ; published numerous sermons, lectures,
etc. ; died in Boston, Mass., 1893.

PHILLIPS BROOKS, S.T.D., Protestant Epis-
copal Bishop of Massachusetts, Lecturer at
Harvard and Yale, and Overseer of the former for
six years, was born in Boston, December 13, 1835.
His parents were William Gray and Maiy .Ann
(Phillips) Brooks, the former of whom was a
Boston merchant and an active member of St.
Paul's Church. Among his paternal ancestors was
the Rev. John Cotton, a prominent New England
Divine of the Colonial period, and his mother's
family, the Phillipses, sprung from the Rev. Samuel
Phillips, who came from England in 1630, and
whose descendants were the founders of Phillips-
.Andover Academy and the Andover Theological
Seminary. Three other sons of William Gray
Brooks became Episcopal Rectors besides Phillips,
and it can therefore be truly said that the famous
Boston preacher belonged to a race of clergymen.
Leaving the Boston Latin School at the age of six-
teen to enter Harvard he was graduated with the
degree of Master of Arts in 1855, and for the suc-
ceeding year acted as Usher at the Latin School.
His Divinity studies were pursued at the Protestant
Episcopal Seminary, Alexandria, Virginia, at the
conclusion of which he was installed Rector of the
Church of tlie Advent, Philadelphia, and officiated
there from 1859 to 1S62. In the latter year he
went to the Church of the Holy Trinity in the same
city, remaining there until 1869 when he responded
to a call to the Rectorship of Trinity Church,
Boston, which he retained until elected to succeed
Bishop Paddock in iSgi. As a preacher Phillips
Brooks was eloquent, forcible and sincere, his ser-
mons glowing with the highest sentiments of moral-
ity and religion, and as Bishop of the large Diocese

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

149

of Massachusetts, he displayed the energy and exe-
cutive abiUty which results from a thorough knowl-
edge of men and a broad conception of church
government. His widespread renown as Pastor,
preacher and theologian brought him frequent
invitations to other fields of labor, all of which he
declined as he did also the Plummer Professorship
of Christian Morals at Harvard, and the position of
Preacher to the same institution, fie did, however,
consent to lecture at Vale in 1877, and at Harvard
from 1886 to 1 89 1, and he was an Overseer of
the latter University from 18S3 to 1SS9. Bishop

tremely arduous, and although he possessed a
splendid physique, he was unable to rally from an
attack of diphtheria which caused his sudden and
entirely unlooked-for death the twenty-third of Jan-
uary, 1893, and his public funeral on the 26th is an
event long to be remembered by the citizens of
Boston. The degree of Doctor of Divinity was
conferred upon Phillips Brooks by Harvard in 1879,
by Columbia in 1887, by Union in 1S70, and by
0.\ford in 1S85. He was a fellow of the Ameri-
can Academy, and a member of the Massachusetts
Historical Society. His most notable publications
are: The Life and Death of .Abraham Lincoln;
Our Mercies of Reoccupation ; I'he Living Church ;
Sermon Preached before the Ancient and Honorable
Artillery of Boston ; Address Delivered May 30,
1873, at the Dedication of Andover Memorial
Hall ; Lectures on Preaching at Yale College ;
Sermons ; The Lifluence of Jesus ; the Bohlen
Lecture Delivered in Philadelphia in 1879; Pul-
l)it and Popular Scepticism; the Candle of llie
Lord, and other Sermons; Sermons Preached in
English Churches ; Twenty Sermons ; and Tolerance,
two lectures to Divinity Students.

PHILLIPS BROOKS

Brooks' liberality of thought and Low Church
doctrines enabled him to affiliate congenially with
clergymen of all denominations. His sermons in
England, where his preaching was as highly appre-
ciated as in the United States, were delivered in
many of tlie famous old churches, and at the special
invitation of Dean Stanley, he delivered a sermon
before Queen Victoria at the Royal Chapel, and
also preached at Westminster Abbey and St. Paul's
Cathedral, London. Of all the honors extended to
him while abroad, perhaps the most pleasurable to
him was the privilege of officiating at old St. Botolph
Church, I'.oston, in Lincolnshire, where his ancestor
the Rev. John ("otton had preached two and a half
centuries jirevious. His diocesan diuies were ex-

CASTLE, William Ernest," 1867-

Born in Alexandria, O., 1867; graduated at Denison
University, O. ; taught school ; graduated at Harvard;
Professor of Latin at Ottawa University; Instructor
in Vertebrate Anatomy in the University of Wiscon-
sin ; Instructor in Biology at Knox College, 111.;
Instructor in Anatomy and Embryology at Harvard ;
member of the American Society of Naturalists ; mem-
ber of the American Morphological Society.

WILLIAM ERNi:ST CASTLE, Ph.D., In-
structor in Anatomy and Embryology at
Harvard, is the son of William Augustus and .Sarah
(Fassett) Castle, and was born in Alexandria, Ohio,
October 25, 1867. The Castles came to New
ICngland from England. The grandfither of W.
K. Casde was Augustus Castle, a soldier in the
War of 181 2, who afterwards, in 1828, emigrated
from Underhili, Vermont, to central Ohio. The
Fassetts are said to be of Scotch origin. Dr. Harry
Fassett the maternal grandfather of Mr. Castle was
for many years a physician of Johnstown, Ohio, to
which place he had emigrated from Vermont. Dr.
Fassett was a descendant of Colonel John Fnssrlt,
an officer of the Revolutionary .-Vrmy and prominent
among the founders of the state of \'ermont. .\fler
William E. Casde had attended the C.ranville
(Ohio) Aca(lei\iy, he entered Denison University,

15°

UNIVERSITIES ANT) "THEIR SONS

Ohio, in 1SS9 receiving tiie degree of Bachelor of
Arts. For the next three years he taught school,
but gave up that occupation to study at Harvard,
with the purpose of teaching the natural sciences.

\VM. E. CASTF.E

At Harvard he receiveil the degrees of Bachelor of
Arts in 1893, Master of Arts in 1894 and Doctor
of Philosophy in 1S95. In the years 1889-1892 he
was Professor of Latin in Ottawa University, in
1895-1896 was Instructor in Vertebrate Anatomy
in the University of Wisconsin, in 1 896-1 897 was
Instructor in Biology at Knox College, Galesburg,
Illinois, and in 1897 received his present appoint-
ment at Harvard. Two brothers and a sister are
also teachers, one being Professor of Greek in the
University of Chicago, another Professor of History
in the Teachers' College, Columbia, while the sister
is an Instructor in Latin in the Shepardson College
for Women. Mr. Castle is a member of the
American Society of Naturalists and a member of
the American Morphological Society. He married
August 19, 1896, Clara Sears Bosworth and has one
son : William Bosworth Castle.

Cornell ; Assistant Professor of Mathematics at Har-
vard ; Professor of Mathematics at Harvard.

W1L1J.\M ELWOOI) BYERLY, Ph.D., Pro-
fessor of Mathematics at Harvard, has
for many years been prominent as a teacher in his
chosen branch. He is the son of P.hvood and
Rebecca Potts (Wayne) Byerly, and was born in
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, December 13, 1849.
At Harvard he received the degree of Bachelor of
Arts in 187 1 and the degree of Doctor of Philosophy
in 1873. Immediately after the latter date he be-
came Assistant Professor of Matliematics at Cornell,
but returned to Harvard in 1876 to accept the
Assistant Professorship of Mathematics at that Uni-
versity. In 1881 he was made a full Professor.
He has published text-books on Differential Calculus
and Integral Calculus, and a treatise on Fourier's
Series and Spherical Harmonics. He married,

W. E. EVERLY

May 28, 1S85, Alice \\'orcester Parsons,

two children : Robert AVayne and Francis
Byerly.

and has
Parkman

BYERLY, William Elwood, 1849-

Born in Philadelphia, Penn., 1849: graduated at
Harvard ; Assistant Professor of Mathematics at

CHANNING, Edward, 1856-

Born in Dorchester, Mass.. 1856; graduated at Har-
vard; studied in Europe; Instructor in History at
Harvard; Assistant Professor; Professor; member of
the Massachusetts Historical Society; member of the

UNU'ERSiriES ylND ri/KJR SONS

American Antiquarian Society; member of the Mili-
tary Historical Society of Massachusetts; author of
numerous books.

EDWARD CHANNINO, PIi.D., Profossnr of
History at Harvard, is the sou of \\illiaiii
Ellery and Ellen Kilshaw (Fuller) Channing, and
was born in Dorchester, (Boston) Massachusetts,
Tune 15, 1S56. His father was the son of Dr.
Walter CUianniug and Barbara Perkins Channing
and the grandson of William Channing and Lucy
Ellery Channing, the latter being the daughter of
William Ellery and Martha Remington Ellery.
Professor Channing's mother was the daughter of

\^ '

1 '*" :^W

M '^^%

EDWARD CHANNING

■Pimothy Fuller and sister of IMargaret Fuller.
After receiving an education in the private schools
of Boston, the young man entered Harvard and there
graduated in 187S. Two years later he received
the degree of Doctor of Philosophy from the same
University, and then spent some time in travel and
study in Europe. In the year 1884 he was ap-
pointed Instructor in History at his Alma Mater,
three years later was made Assistant Professor in
History and in 1897 was promoted to the Professor-
ship. He is prominent as a member of the Massa-
chusetts Historical Society of Massachusetts. Among
the books that have come from his pen are : Town
and County Government in Johns Hopkins studies;
[with T. W. Higginson] ; English History for .\meri-

rans ; The P'nited .States of .\mcrica 1765-1SO5 in
the C'ambridge Historical Series; [with .\. B. Hart]
Cuide to the Study of .\meriian History; .\ Student's
History of the United States. Professor Channing
married in 1SS6 Alice 'Phaclicr, and has two chil-
dren ; Alice and I'Lli/.abcth Torrey Channing.

CLARKE, James Freeman, 1810-1888.

Born in Hanover, N. H., 1810; graduated from Har-
vard, 1829, and from the Cambridge Divinity School,
1833; Pastor of the Unitarian Church in Louisville,
Ky., till 1840 and Editor of the Western Messenger
of that city, 1836-1839; founded the Church of the
Disciples, Boston, and was its Pastor, 1841-1886;
prominent in religious, educational and reform move-
ments; Professor at Harvard, 1867-1871 and Lecturer,
1876-1877; Overseer, 1863-1866, and again, 1873-1888.
Died in 1888.

JAMES FREEMAN CLARKE, S.T.D., Professor
and Overseer of Harvard, was born in Han-
over, New Hampshire, April 4, 18 10. He was
closely related to prominent patriots of both wars
with Great liritain, being a grandson of (jencral
William Hull, who served with distinction in the
Revolutionary War, and Commodore Isaac Hull,
the nav;il hero of the War of 1812, was his cousin.
He was fitted at the Boston Latin School for Har-
vard, from which he was graduated witli tlie Class
of 1829, and after completing his theological studies
at the Cambridge Divinity School (1833), he almost
immediately accepted a call to the L'nitarian Church
in Louisville, Kentucky, where he remained until
1S40, and from 1836 to 1839 he edited the Western
Messenger. Returning to Boston, he founded the
Church of the Disciples, in which he introduced an
original form of worship, and of which all seats were
free. F'or forty-five years Dr. Clarke occupied the
pulpit of that Church, preaching almost continu-
ously from 1 84 1 to 1886, and invariably to large
and intelligent congregations. He held the Ch;ur
of Natural Religion and Christian Doctrine at
Harvard, from 1867 to 1871, and in 1876 and 1877
w.as Lecturer on Ethnical Religion. From 186310
1866 he was an Overseer of Harvard and again from
1873 ""''1 '"S ileatli, which occurred in 18S8.
During his long period of activity as a Christian
worker he was identified with all movements for re-
form, was a niember of the Massachusetts .State
Board of Education, and a Trustee of the Boston
Public Library. Dr. Clarke received his degree of
Doctor of Divinity from Harvard in 1863. He was
a member of the .\merican Philosophical Society,

152

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

the Massachusetts Historical Society and a fellow
of the American Academy. His published works,
which are numerous, are as follows : Theodore,
or the Sceptic's Conversion, translated from the
German of DeWette ; History of the Campaign
of 1S12, and Defence of Ceneral William Hull for
the Surrender of Detroit ; Eleven Weeks in Europe ;
Christian Doctrine of Forgiveness of Sin ; Christian
Doctrine of Prayer ; Karl Hase, Life of Jesus, trans-
lated from the German ; Service Book ; Disciples'
Hymn Book ; Orthodoxy, its Truths and P2rrors ;
The Hour which Cometh, sermons ; Steps of Belief,

V -V «. .^

1 1

4lBf

^H^t^^N

l^^j.

'iP^, J

^Cr "^i

\Jk

wnf

BVMMP^'^^^^^a' &J/ '^g^^^^B ^^^^^^^^H

^j^ZuL. /T' 1

••V

^ ^y \

JAMES FREEAL-iN CLARKE

or Rational Christianity Maintained against Atheism,
Free Religion, and Romanism ; Ten Great Relig-
ions, an essay in Comparative Theology ; Go up
Higher, or Religion in Common Life ; Sermons ;
Common Sense in Religion, essays ; Exotics, At-
tempts to Domesticate Them ; Translations in verse ;
Essentials and Non-Essentials in Religion ; How to
find the Stars, an account of the astronomical lan-
tern invented and patented by him, and its use ;
Memorial and Biographical Sketches ; Events and
Epochs in Religious History ; Legend of Thomas
Didymous, the Jewish Sceptic ; Self-Culture ; The
Ideas of the Apostle Paul ; Anti- Slavery Days ;
Manual of Unitarian Belief; Every- Day Religion;
and Vexed Questions.

COLMAN, Benjamin, 1673-1747.

Born in Boston, Mass., 1673; graduated at Harvard,
1692 ; became a non-conformist preacher and was Pastor
of thie Brattle Street Church, Boston, for forty-eight
years; was interested in missionary work among the
Indians; a benefactor of Harvard and Yale and a
Fellow of the former; died, 1747.

BENJAiNHN COLMAN, S.T.D., Fellow and
Benefactor of Harvard and also an early
contributor to Yale, was born in Boston, October
19, 1673. He became a preacher soon after his
graduation from Harvard (1692), and sailing for
England in July 1695, his arrival there was delayed
by a French privateer, who held him a captive for
some time. In l^ngland he met some of the emi-
nent nonconformist clergymen of that period,
preached in a number of churches, and was ordained
in London as Pastor of the newly established Brattle
Street Church, Boston, Massachusetts. Commencing
his pastoral duties on his return in 1699, he contin-
ued to labor with that society until his death, which
occurred August 29, 1747, and although some of
his acts relative to public affairs were censured, he
ranked foremost among the New England clergymen
of his day. Dr. Colman took an active interest in
missionary work among the Hoosalonic Indians,
and in other benevolent matters, was particularly
concerned in the advancement of education, and
his efforts in procuring pecuniary support for Har-
vard and Vale proved extremely beneficial to both.
From 1717 to 1728 he was a Fellow of Harvard
and in 1724 was solicited to become its President,
but declined. In 1731 he received the degree of
Doctor of Divinity from the University of Glasgow.
His published writings consist of sermons, poems
and a tract favoring vaccination for small-pox, and
a volume entitled Life and Character of Colman,
written by his son-in-law, the Rev. Ebenezer Turell,
was published in Boston in 1749.

CESTRE, Charles, 1871-

Born in Tonneree, France, 1871 ; studied at the Col-
lege d'Auxerre and at the University of Paris ; Fellow
of the University of Paris ; studied at the Harvard
Graduate School; English Tutor at the College Sainte-
Barbe ; Instructor in French at Harvard.

CHARLES CESTRE, A.M., Instructor in
French at Harvard, is the son of Louis and
Ambroisine (Gallois) Cestre, and was born in
Tonneree, France, May 9, 1S71. After receiving
his early education at the CoUt^ge d'.\uxerre, France,

UNIVERSHIF.S JND i'/fFJR SONS

he stmlicil in 1890-95 ;U the University of I'aris.
Mr. Cestrc became a Fellow of ihc University of
Paris, and a student at the Harvard Graduate Scliool

CHARLES CESTRE

in 1S96. The next year at Harvard he received the
degree of Master of Arts. He was formerly teacher
of English at the College Sainte-barbe, Paris.

(lied there December 23, 1652. His son, John,
win) was graduated at Harvard in 1657, was called
to the Pastorate of the churcli in Plymouth, where
he officiated for a period of thirty years, and having
become tiioroughly conversant with the aboriginal
tongue, in wliich he sometimes preached to the
Indians, he revised John Eliot's Indian Bible. In
his later years he responded to a call to preach in
Charleston, South Carolina, and died there Septem-
ber 18, 1699. He was a l-'ellow of Harvard from
1 68 1 to 1690, and actively interested in the welfare
of the College. His son, Josiah, who was gradu-
ated from Harvard in 1698, and became a mission-
ary among the Indians, was Clerk of the I'lymouth
County Court, and the author of a vocabulary of the
Indian tongue.

COTTON, John, 1640-1699.

Born in Boston, Mass., 1640; graduated at Harvard,
1657; settled minister at Plymouth, Mass., for thirty
years; became familiar with the Indian tongue and
corrected Eliot's Indian Bible : Fellow of Harvard,
1681-1690; called to preach in Charleston, S. C, and
died there, i6gg.

JOHN COTTON, .\.M., an early graduate of
Harvard and a member of the Corporation,
was born in Boston, Massachusetts, March 13, 1640.
His f;ither was a prominent New England clergy-
man and teacher of the same name who prior to his
arrival in .America was Rector of the Established
Church at Boston, in Lincolnshire, and was an
ancestor of the late Bishop Brooks. The first John
Cotton, who was distinguished for his learning and
strict piety, was obliged to take refuge in Boston, in
New England, for refusing to conform to some of
the ceremonies of the Established Church, and he

CHILD, Francis James, 1825-1896.

Born in Boston, Mass , 1825; graduated at Harvard,
1846; became Tutor there in Mathematics, and later
in Rhetoric and History; studied abroad two years;
appointed Professor of Rhetoric and Oratory, 1851 ;
became Professor of English Literature, 1876; is espe-
cially noted as a close student of early English litera-
ture, and has published collections of poems and
ballads. Died at Cambridge, 1896.

FRANCIS JAMES CHILD, LL.D., I..H.D.,
Professor of English Literature at Harvard,
was born in Boston, Massachusetts, February i,
1825. He was graduated from Harvard with the
Class of 1846, subsequently becoming 'Tutor of
Mathematics and still later in Rhetoric and History.
The years 1 849-1850 were devoted to study in Eu-
rope, and returning to Harward he was in 1851,
chosen to succeed Professor E. T. Channing in the
Boylston Professorship of Rhetoric and Oratory. In
1876, he relinquished this chair for that of F'.nglish
Literature, in which he ranks among the foremost
instructors in this country, and both the student and
the reading public ha\-c profited much by his careful
study of the early English writers. An American
edition of the l!ritish poets was issued under his su-
pervision in Boston (1857-1858) and he personally
edited for it the works of Spenser, and the collection
of English and Scotch ballads, besides furnishing
notes and biographical sketches for other volumes of
the series. 'The text of Chaucer was made a special
study by him with a view of issuing a new edition.
He has also published Four Old Plays ; Poems of
Sorrow and C'omfort ; and Obser\'ations on the
Language of Chaucer and Cower prepared for the
first part of I'.Uis' I^arly I'^nglish Pronunciation.

'54

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

Professor Child received the degree of Doctor of was elected a delegate to the first Continental Con-
Philosophy from the University of Cottingen in 1S54, grcss and in 1775 lie was returned to the second,
that of Doctor of Laws from Harvard in 1884, and When Massachusetts formed a new government in
that of Doctor of Historical Literature was con- July 1775, he was chosen a member of the Council,
ferred by Colimibia in 1SS7. He was a fellow of In consequence of his opposing a Declaration of

Independence in the Continental Congress, he was
defeated by Elbridge Gerry for re-election in 1776,
receiving not a single vote. In 1783 he was elected
Lieutenant-Governor of Massachusetts, in which
office he servL-d for several years. He was also a
member of the Convention that in 17S8 ratified the
Federal Constitution. Mr. Gushing was a Fellow
of the Harvard Corporation in 17S6-17S8, and was
^ also a fellow of the .\merican Academy. He

received the honorary degree of Master of Arts
from Yale in 1750, and that of Doctor of Laws from
Harvard in 17S5. He died in Boston in 17SS.

FRANCIS J. CHILD

the American Academy, and was a welcome visitor
at many of the foremost literary gatherings of his
day. Professor Child died at Cambridge, September
1 1, 1S96.

GUSHING, Thomas, 1725-1788.

Born in Boston, Mass., 1725; graduated at Harvard,
1744; Speaker of Massachusetts Assembly, 1766-1774;
member of Continental Congress, 1774-1775; member
of the Council, 1775; Lieutenant-Governor of Mass.,
1783- ; member of the Convention to ratify the Federal
Constitution, 1788: Fellow of Harvard, 1786-1788;
fellow of the American Academy; died in Boston,

THOMAS GUSHING, LL.D., Fellow of Har-
vard, was born in Boston, Massachusetts, in
1725, and was graduated at Harvard in 1744. He
early became prominent among the leaders who
were preparing the way for the Revolution, and in
1 766 was elected to the .'\ssembly of Massachusetts,
of which body he was chosen Speaker and presided
in that capacity until 1774. In the latter year he

COOKE, Josiah Parsons, 1827-1894.

Born in Boston, Mass., 1827; graduated at Harvard,
1848; Tutor in Mathematics the succeeding year and
later Instructor in Chemistry ; Erving Professor of
Chemistry and Mineralogy and Director of the Chemi-
cal Laboratory at Harvard; spent much time in the
pursuit of scientific research ; and was closely identified
with Harvard from graduation until his death (1894).

JOSIAH PARSONS COOKE, LL.D., Professor
of Chemistry at Harvard, son of Josiah Parsons
and Mary (Pratt) Cooke, was born in Boston,
Massachusetts, October 12, 1827. Preparing for
Harvard at the Boston Latin School he was, imme-
diately after graduation from the former institution
(1848), appointed Tutor in Mathematics, and still
later became Instructor in Chemistry. He was
advanced to the Erving Professorship of Chemistry
and INIineralogy in 1850 and subsequently instituted
measures for the development of the hitherto limited
course in that department which he ultimately
brought to a high standard of perfection, and
through his untiring efforts the course itself and the
facilities for practical investigation were made to
compare favorably with if not to excel in complete-
ness any similar department in America. Professor
Cooke originated the idea of bringing laboratory
instruction within the reach of undergraduates, and
was mainly instrumental in creating a popular inter-
est in experimental science both in the Colleges and
preparatory schools. He was not only a close stu-
dent of scientific research, but was an able, lucid and
extremely conscientious instructor, and his lectures

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

^55

and practical demonstrations never failed to absorb
the interest of his classes. Besides his five courses
before the Lowell Institute, Boston, his popular
lectures upon scicnlific subjects were delivered
in Baltimore, Brooklyn, Washington and other
cities invariably to large and interested audi-
ences. .\s an investigator his work in defining the
atomic weight of antimony, the results of which were
aWen to the world in 1880, caused him to be
recognized both in .'Xmerica and Europe as one of
the foremost scientists of his day. His position as
Director of the Har\'ard Chemical Laboratory

JOSI-iVH p. COOKE

necessarily demanded of him much literary work, a
great deal of which was contributed to the Ameri-
can Journal of Science and in the Proceedings of
the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and
at one time he was connected editorially with both
of these journals. From Cambridge (England)
University he received the honorary degree of Doc-
tor of Laws in 1882 and the same from Harvard in
1889. He was President of the American Academy,
a member of the National Academy of Sciences, and
was one of two American scientists to be elected an
honorary fellow of the London ('hemical Society.
Professor Cooke died in 1894. Besides his new
Chemistry which has been translated into several
EurtipL'un languages, he was the author of Cliemical

Problems and Reactions ; Elements of Chemical
Physics ; First Principles of Chemical Philosophy ;
Fundamental Princii)les of Chemistry; Religion
and Chemistry and Scientific Culture and other
Essays. Professor Cooke married Mary Hinckley,
daughter of Elisha and Hannah (Hinckley) Hun-
tington, of Lowell, Massaclmselts, February 6, i860.

CUMMINGS, Edward, 1861-

Born in Colebrook, N. H., 1861 ; graduated at Har-
vard; Instructor in English at Harvard; appointed to
the Robert Treat Paine Fellowship in Social Science ;
studied Sociological questions in Europe ; Instructor
in Sociology at Harvard; Assistant Professor; Asso-
ciate Editor of The Quarterly Journal of Economics ;
member of the Council of American Economic Asso-
ciation; Director of the Massachusetts Prison Asso-
ciation; Director of the Boston Associated Charities;
member of the American Statistical Association and
other organizations.

EDWARD CUMMINGS, A.M., Assistant Pro-
fessor of Sociology at Harvard, is the son of
Ivlward Norris and Lucretia Frances (Merrill)
Cummings, and was born in Colebrook, New Hamp-
shire, April 20, i86t. The Cummings family,
originally of Scottish origin, settled in Massachu-
setts about the middle of the seventeenth century.
The Merrill fixmily, of English origin, came to this
country about the same time. Up to the age of
twelve Mr. Cummings was educated in the private
and public schools of New Hampshire. After that
he attended the public schools of Woburn, Massa-
chusetts, and fitted for College in the High School
of that city. He graduated at Harvard in 18S3,
but continued with graduate work at the University
until the spring of 188S, ser\-ing as Instructor in
English during the latter part of this period, and
receiving the degree of Master of .Arts in 1885. In
the spring of 1888 he resigned his position as In-
structor to accept an appointment to the Robert
Treat Paine Fellowship in Social Science. This was
the first Fellowship in Social Science at Harvard,
and his appointment was the first to that I'ellow-
ship. During the following winter he was a resident
uf the University Settlement at Toynbee Hall,
Whitechapel, London. For three years he con-
tinued sociological study in Europe as incumbent of
the Paine Fellowship, spending a year in England
and Scotland and two years in France, Italy and
Germany. In 1 891 he returned to .America and was
appointed Instructor in Sociology at Harvard. Two

156

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

years later he became Assistant I'rofessor. Professor
Cuinmings is Associate Editor of The Quarterly
[ouriial of Economics and a contributor to the Hter-
ature of social and economic discussion. He is a

George Lamb and Emma Augusta (Clarke) Cooke,
was born in Milford, Massacliusetts, March 15, 1859.
He traces his descent back to Major Aaron Cooke,
1610-1690, Captain Aaron Cooke, 1640-1716,
Lieutenant Westwood Cooke, 1670-17 74, Ensign
Noah Cooke, 1 694-1 760, Lieutenant Noah Cooke,
2d, 1730-1796, Ensign Timothy Cooke, 1756-
182 1, Ruben Cooke, 1 795-1 846 and George L,.
Cooke, 1823. William Parker Cooke's early educa-
tion was obtained in the common and high schools
in Milford. In 1S81 he graduated at the Harvard
Dental School, having previously studied in his pro-
fession (while attending the high school) at the
office of his father, George L. Cooke, D.D.S., which
experience was a valuable one for him. Since his
graduation he has been in continuous practice in
Boston. He was Instructor in Operative Dentistry,
1 887-1 890, Clinical Lecturer in Operative Dentis-
try, 1 890-1 892, Instructor in Crown and Bridge
Work, 1892-1895, and Instructor in Crown and
Bridge Work and in Metallurgy, 1895 in the
Harvard Dental .School. Dr. Cooke is a member
of the Harvard Odontological Society and of the

EDWARD CUMMINGS

member of the Council of the American Economic
Association, a Director of the Massachusetts Prison
Association, a Director of the Boston Associated
Charities, and a member of the Executive Commit-
tee of the Massachusetts Reform Club, Secretary of
the Advisory Committee appointed by the Mayor
of Boston in 1899 to inquire into the penal aspects
of drunkenness, besides holding membership in the
American Statistical .'Association, the Twentieth Cen-
tury Club, and the Round Table Club. He married
June 25, 1891, Rebecca Haswell Clarke, and has
one son : Edward Estlin Cumminsfs.

COOKE, William Parker, 1859-

Born in Milford, Mass., 1859; graduated from the
Harvard Dental School; practised dentistry in Boston ;
Instructor in the Harvard Dental School; member of
the Harvard Odontological Society; member of the
American Academy of Dental Science.

WILLIAM PARKER COOKE, D.M.D., In-
structor in Crown and Bridge Work and in
Metallurgy in the Harvard Dental School, the son of

WILLIAM p. COOKE

American Academy of Dental Science. lie married
November 10, 1892, Caroline Lucia Wicks, and
has two children : John Wicks and Richard Clarke
Cooke.

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

157

COOLIDGE, Archibald Gary, 1866-

Born in Boston, Mass., 1866; graduated at Harvard;
studied in Berlin, Paris, Baden; diplomatic service at
St. Petersburg, Paris and Vienna; Instructor in
History at Harvard ; member of the American Histori
cal Society, and of the Massachusetts Historical
Society.

ARCHIBALD C.\RY C00I,ID(;K, Pli.l).,
Instructor in History nt Harv;tnl, is the son
of Joseph R:in(lolph (great-grandson of Tliomas
Jefferson) and Julia (Gardner) Cooliilge, and was
born in Boston, Massachusetts, March 6, 1S66. He
graduated at Harvard in 1887, and then stuilied at

is a mcnd)er of the American Historical Society, the
Massacltusetts ilistoric;d Society and the Somerset
Club.

DAWES, Thomas, 1757-1825.

Born in Boston, Mass, 1757; graduated at Harvard,
1777; member of the Constitutional Conventions of
1780, 1789 and 1820; Judge of the Supreme Court of
Mass, 1792-1803; Judge of the Municipal Court, Bos-
ton, 1803-1823; Judge of Probate, 1823-1825; fellow of
American Academy; died in Boston, 1825.

THOM.XS D.WVICS, A.M., Overseer of Har-
vard, was born in Boston, Massachusetts,
July 8, 1757, son of Thomas Dawes ( i 731-1809), a
leading patriot of Boston during the Revolution.
He was graduated at Harvard in 1777, and under
the inspiration of his father and of the times, at once
became active in jniblic affairs. In 1780 he was a
member of the Constitution;d Convention, and in
the Convention of 1789, wliich adojiled the Federal
Constitution, he w:is also a delegate. In 1792 he
was appointed Judge of the Supreme Court of Mas-
sachusetts, and for ten years served in tliat ofifice.
From 1803 to 1823 he was Jutlge of the Municijwl
Court of Boston and from the latter year until his
death he offic'ated as Judge of Probate. It is said
of Judge Dawes that " his literary productions were
popular, and his witticisms proverbiid." He was a
fellow of the American Academy and was an Over-
seer of Harvard from 1810 to 1823. He died in
Boston, July 22, 1825.

ARCHIliAT.D GARY COOLIDGE

Berlin University, and at the Ecole des Sciences
Politiques in Paris, and at Freiburg in Baden,
receiving the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the
latter Institution in 1S92. He spent several years
abroad travelling extensively and obtaining a glimpse
of diplomatic service at St. Petersburg, Paris and
Vienna. At St. Petersburg he served as Secretary
of Legation without appointment in 1890-91, and
at Vienna was Secretary of Legation by appoint-
ment in 1893. At Harvard he has lievoted him-
self particularly to the history of northern, and
eastern Europe. Mr. Coolidge has written the history
of the last ten years given in the 1897 report of the
Class of '87, and articles and reviews for magazines
and papers, especially the Nation of New York and

DAVIS, William Morris, 1850-

Born in Philadelphia, Penn,, 1850; educated at public
and private grammar schools and at Lawrence Scien-
tific School and at the Hooper Mining School of Har-
vard ; was Assistant in the Argentine National
Observatory; Assistant and Instructor in Geology at
Harvard; Assistant Professor of Physical Geography
at Harvard and since 1890 Professor of Physical Geog-
raphy at this College ; is member of the National
Geographic Society, the Geological Society of America,
the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, fellow
of the American Association for the Advancement of
Science and corresponding member of other societies.

WILLIAM MORRIS DAVIS, S.B., M.K.,
Professor of Geology at Harvard, was born
in I'hiladelpliia, Pennsylvania, February 12, 1850.
His father and mother were both of (,)uaker descent,
the former, Isdward Morris, being a member of the
families of Davis and l\vans in Eastern Pennsylvania,

158

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

while his mother, Maria Mott Davis, was the daugh-
ter of James and Lucretia Mott, the former being
descended from Long Island Quakers and the latter
from Nantucket Quakers. Mr. Davis received his
early education at the grammar school at West Med-
ford, Massachusetts, and at a private school in Phil-
adelphia. In 1869 he received the degree of
Bachelor of Science at the Lawrence Scientific
School at Harvard and one year later was given the
degree of Mining Engineer, at the Hooper Mining
School of the same University. Three years were
tlien spent in the Argentine National Observatory

WILU.llM M. DAVIS

at Cordova under Dr. B. A. Gould. Since 1S76
Professor Davis has been connected with the Har-
vard Faculty, for the first nine years as Assistant and
Instructor in Geology, for the next five years as
Assistant Professor of Physical Geography, from
1890 to 1899 as Professor in the last-named branch
and in 1S99 was elected to the Sturgis-Hooper Pro-
fessorship of Geology. He is the author of text-
books on Meteorology and Physical Geography, and is
a member of numerous societies, including- the Amer-
ican Academy of Arts and Sciences, Boston, the Bos-
ton Natural History Society, the Geological Society
of America, the National Geographic Society, besides
being a fellow of the American Association for the
Advancement of Science, honorary member of the

Geographical Society of Berlin, and corresponding
member of the Geographical Societies of London,
Paris, Munich and Philadelphia, of the Geological
Society of Edinburgh, and of the German Meteoro-
logical Society. He married, November 25, 1879,
Ellen Bliss Warner, of Springfield, Massachusetts, and
has three children : Richard Mott, Nathaniel Burt
and iMlward Mott Davis.

DENNETT, John Richard, 1837-1874.

Born in Chatham, N. B., 1837; graduated at Har-
vard, 1862; Editor Harvard Magazine while in College;
Superintendent of a plantation in the South during
the Civil War; contributor and afterwards one of the
Editors of the New York Nation; Assistant Professor
of Rhetoric at Harvard, 1869-1872; died in Westboro,
Mass., 1874.

JOHN RICHARD DENNETT, Assistant Pro-
fessor of Rhetoric at Harvard, was born in
Chatham, New Brunswick, in 1S37 and was fitted
for College in the High School of \\'oburn, Massa-
chusetts, to which place his parents removed during
his childhood. He was graduated at Harvard in
1S62, and soon after went to Be.aufort, South
Carolina, to take charge of a plantation. Shortly
after tlie close of the Civil War he made a compre-
hensive tour of the Southern States in the interest of
the New York Nation, and contributed to that paper
a series of interesting letters upon the political con-
ditions and prospects of the South. On his return
North he became connected with the editorial staff
of the New York Nation, and in 1S69 accepted the
Assistant Professorship of Rhetoric at Harvard, in
which he officiated until compelled to resign by
reason of failing health in 1872. Mr. Dennett's
journalistic talents and rhetorical abilities were
strikingly manifested while he was yet an under-
graduate at Harvard. During his College course he
edited the Harvard Magazine, and his Class Day
poem was a production of such unusual merit as to
bring forth the especial commendation of James
Russell Lowell for its rare poetic qualities. He died
at the early age of thirty-seven years, in Westboro,
Massachusetts, November 26, 1874.

DUNBAR, Charles Franklin, 1830-

Born in Abington, Mass.. 1830; educated at Phillips-
Exeter Academy and Harvard; received the degree
of A.B. in 1851 ; studied law in the Harvard Law
School and in the office of Hoar, Gray & Bangs ;

UNIVERSrriES ./A7) 'I'll F.I R SONS

'59

editorial writer and joint proprietor of the Boston
Daily Advertiser; sole Editor of the Advertiser from
1862 until 1869; has been Trustee of Phillips Exeter
Academy and President of the Board; was also Presi-
dent of the American Economic Association; member
of the Massachusetts Historical Society and American
Academy of Arts and Sciences.

CHARLES FRANKLIN DUNBAR, I,L.IX,
Professor of Political Economy at Harvard,
was noted as an editorial writer of ability and
strength as well as a profound economist and skilful
instructor. He was born in Abington, Massa-
chusetts, July 28, 1S30, son of Asaph and Nancy

CHAS. F. DUNHAR

(Ford) Dunbar. On the paternal side he is de-
scended from Robert Dunbar of Hingham, Massa-
chusetts, who is believed to have been one of the
Scotch prisoners of war sent to Massachusetts in
1650. The years 1844-1847 were spent at Phillips-
Exeter Academy and the next four years were spent
at Harvard, where he graduated in 185 1. After
working several years in a counting-room and in
mercantile business, Mr. Dunbar took up the study
of law for a few months at the Harvard Law School
and afterwards in the office of Hoar, Gray and
Bangs, Boston. In 1858 he became editorial writer
and joint proprietor of the Boston Daily Advertiser,
and in 1862 took up the position of sole Editor,
continuing in these duties until his retirement from
impaired health in 1869. The next two years were
spent in residence and travel abroad. In 1S71, he

was appointed Professor of Political Economy at
Harvard, which position he still holds, and from
iSS6 to 1896 was ICditor of the (Quarterly Journ:d of
Economics, established by the University in tlie
former year. From 1876 to 1882 he was also Dean
of Har\'ard ("ollege, and from 1890 to 1895 was
Dean of the I'acully of Arts and Sciences. Pro-
fessor Dunbar is a member of the Massachusetts
Historical Society and of the American .\cademy of
Arts and Sciences ; was 'I'rustee of Phillips-l'lxcter
.Academy from 1SS5 to 1S98, serving as President of
the lioard during the last five years of membership,
and in 1892-93 was President of tiie .Xmerican
Economic Association. Previous to the war he was
a Whig, but from i860 to 1S84 connected himself
with the Republican party, joining the Independents
however in the latter year. He married November
30, 1853, Julia R. Copeland, daughter of Hon. B. F.
Copeland of Roxbury, Massachusetts, and had five
children: namely — Julia C, who died in infancy;
Franklin .\saph, who graduated at Harvard in 1S7S,
and received the degree of Doctor of Medicine in
1883; George Bradford, who graduated at Harvard
in 1882 ; Anna Lowell who married L. M, Greeley,
also a Harvard graduate, of the Class of 1 880 ; and
William Harrison who graduated at Harvard in 1882
and at the Law School in 1886. It is interesting to
note that the three sons have follow'ed the footsteps
of their father in claiming Harvard as their Alma
Mater.

DEXTER, Samuel, 1726-1810.

Born in Dedham, Mass., 1726; was trained for mer-
cantile life and acquired a fortune as a merchant in
Boston; served on the Colonial Governor's Council,
and later as one of the Supreme Executive Council
of the State; bequeathed $5000 to Harvard; died in
Mendon, Mass , 1810.

SAMUEL DEXTER, Benefactor of Harvard,
w-as born in Dedham, Massachusetts, in 1726,
son of Rev. Samuel Dexter, a Harvard graduate
in the Class of 1720. His early training was for a
mercantile career, which he pursued in Boston with
such success that before reaching the age of fifty he
had accumulated a handsome fortune. He was
active in public life before, during and after the
Revolution, and served as one of the Council of the
Colonial Governor, also during several years be-
tween 1765-1775 on important committees of both
the House and the Council. After the Revolution
he served several terms as a member of the .Su]ireme

i6o

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

FIxecutive Coum il cif the St:iU'. Mr. Dexter de- cnts were James and Martha I\[oseley (West)
voted much of liis lime to liistorical studies, and in Emerton. 'I'he father, wlio was born October 14,
his later years, after retirement from public life, to 181 7 and lived until nStji, was descended from
religious investigations. M his death which took James, born in 1 789, the son of Jeremiah, born in

1753, the son of John, born in 17 14. Martha
Emerton was born in 1821 and is still living. She
was the daughter of 'I'homas, born in 1777, the son
of Benjamin, born in 1739, the son of John, born in
1705-6. Ephraim Emerton attended the dame
school, conducted by the Misses Pierce, from 1856
to i860, the Phillips Grammar School from i860 to
1863 and the Salem High School from the latter
date until 1867. Then entering College he gradu-
ated in 1 87 1. The year following he served his
apprenticeship as a reporter for the Boston Daily
Advertiser. The months between October 1872
and January 1873 were spent at the Boston Univer-
sity Law School. In the spring of 1S73 Mr. Emer-
ton started on a tour abroad and spent one year of
travel and two years in study in Germany. After
he had returned to America to become Instructor
in History and German at Harvard, he was honored
with the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Leipsic

SAMUEL DEXTER

place in Mendon, Massachusetts, in 18 10, he be-
queathed §5000 to Harvard for the encouragement
of Biblical criticism. Among his other legacies was
one of §40 to a clergyman, on condition that the
said minister should preach a funeral sermon in his
memory without making mention of his name.

EMERTON, EPHRAIM, 1851-

Born in Salem, Mass., 1851 ; educated at public
schools before entering Harvard ; received degree of
A.B. at Harvard in 1871 ; studied at the Boston Uni-
versity Lawr School and in Germany, receiving the
degree of Ph.D. at Leipsic in 1877; Instructor in His-
tory and German at Harvard, 1876-1878; Instructor
in History, 1878-1882 ; Winn Professor of Ecclesiastical
History in the Harvard Divinity School from 1882 to
date; has served on School Committee of Cambridge;
is a member of the American Historical Association,
American Society of Church History, Massachusetts
Reform Club, American Dialect Society.

EPHRAIM EMERTON, Ph.D., who has been
Winn Professor of Ecclesiastical History, at
the Harvard Divinity School since 1882, was born in
Salem, Massachusetts, February 18, 1851. His par-

EPHRAIM EMERTON

(1877). Promoted to the position of Instructor in
History in 1878 Mr. Emerton conducted those
duties until 1S82 when he assumed his present
position. He has served for two years as a member

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

i6i

of the School Coniinittco ul" Cambridge, besides
being a member of tlie American Historical Asso-
ciation and the American Dialect Society. He has
illustrated his interest in other public matters by
becoming a member of the Massachusetts Reform
Club and the American Society of Church History.
His College position has also led him to member-
ship in the New England History Teachers' Asso-
ciation, and the New England Association of Colleges
and Preparatory Schools. He has published : An
Introduction to the Study of the Middle Ages ;
MediKval Europe ; Life of Erasmus, in the
" Heroes of the Reformation " series (soon to ap-
pear). He married April i8, 1877, Sibyl Marean
Clark, and has one child : Clara Browning Emerton,
born September 25, 18S1.

as well as Librarian at llowdoin. Then deciding to
enter the ministry he took up his studies at the
Harvard Divinity School where he graduated in
1859. Immediately afterwards he became the I'aslor
of the Independent Congregational Church at liangor,
Maine, and there served for ten years, leaving that
position to become Professor of Theology at Har-
vard. Professor Everett is a member of the Mas-
sachusetts Colonial Society, The American Oriental
Society and the American Academy of Arts and
Sciences. He has written numerous works of value
and interest, including : Science of Thought ; Fichte's

EVERETT, Charles Carroll, 1829-

Born in Brunswick, Me., 1829: graduated at Bow-
doin, 1850; studied abroad and at the Harvard Divin-
ity School, where he graduated in 1859; was Instructor
and later Professor of Modern Languages and Libra-
rian at Bowdoin ; Pastor of the Independent Congrega-
tional Church, Bangor, Maine; Professor of Theology
aud Dean of the Theological School at Harvard ;
member of the American Academy of Arts and
Sciences, American Oriental Society and Massa-
chusetts Colonial Society; author of Science of
Thought ; Science of Knowledge ; Poetry, Comedy
and Duty: The Gospel of Paul; Ethics for Young
People ; Religions before Christianity; received degree
of D.D. from Bowdoin and Harvard and the degree of
LL D. at Bowdoin.

CHARLES CARROLL EVERETT, S.T.D.,
LL.D., who has been Professor of Theology
at Harvard since 1869 and Dean of the Harvard
Divinity School since 1878, was born in Bruns-
wick, Maine, 1S29. His mother, Joanna Batchelder
Prince, was one of the two women who assembled
the first Sunday School in New England. His
father, Ebenezer Everett, a prominent lawyer, was
the son of the clergyman who was settled over the
first religious society of Dorchester, Massachusetts.
It may also be added as a matter of interest that
the grandfather of Professor Everett's mother was
famous in his day as the " blind preacher." Charles
Carroll Everett received his boyhood education at
the private schools at Brunswick and then entered
Bowdoin where he graduated in 1S50. He studied
a year in Germany and afterwards studied medicine
for a year with a physician and in the " Medical
School of Maine." From 1S53 to 1857 he was
Instructor and later Professor of Modern Languages
VOL. 11. — II

C. C. EVERETT

Science of Knowledge; Poetry, Comedy and Duty;
The Gospel of Paul ; Ethics for Young People and
Religions Before Christianity, the latter being a
manual for Sunday Schools. He is the chairman
of the Editorial Board of The New World. Bow-
doin has honored him with the degree of Doctor
of Divinity and Doctor of Laws and Harvard has
also given him a Doctor of Divinity. In 1859 he
married Sarah Octavia Dwinel, and has one child :
Mildred Everett.

FILLEBROWN, Thomas, 1836-

Born in Winthrop, Maine, 1836; educated at Towle
Academy, Maine Wesleyan Seminary. Harvard Dental
School and the Medical School of Maine; has been

I 62

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

Alderman of the City of Lewiston, Teacher of Higher
Mathematics at the Maine Wesleyan Seminary; Lec-
turer at the Portland School of Medical Instruction;
Professor of Operative Dentistry at Harvard ; Professor
of Operative and Oral Surgery at Harvard; member of
the Maine Medical and Dental Societies, Massachu-
setts Dental and Medical Societies, American Dental
Association and the American Academy of Dental
Science, etc.

THOMAS FILLEBROWN, M.D., D.M.D.,
Professor of Operative Dentistry and Oral
Surgery at Harvard, is tlie son of James Bowdoin
and Almira (Butler) FiUebrown, and was born in

subjects at the Portlanil School of Medical Instruc-
tion. In 1883 he was appointed Professor of Oper-
ative Dentistry at Harvard and fourteen years later
was made Professor of Operative Dentistry and Oral
Surgery. Dr. FiUebrown holds membership in the
state dental and medical societies of Maine and
Massachusetts, in the American Academy of Dental
Science and in the American Dental Association.
In 1874-75 he was an Alderman of the city of
Lewiston, Maine. He married, September 1S61,
Helen O. Dalton of Kents Hill, Maine, and had five
children : Harriett(5 Anna, Charles Dalton, Edith
Little, Winthrop and Helen Thomas FiUebrown.

THOMAS FILLEBROWN

Winthrop, Maine, January 13, 1836. His father,
who was the son of Thomas and Elizabeth (Cheever)
FiUebrown, traces his descent through John of the
third generation and John of the second generation
and Thomas of the first generation back to British
ancestry, Thomas FiUebrown of the first genera-
tion, who died in Cambridge March 31, 17 14, having
been born in England. The present Thomas FiUe-
brown was educated at the public schools and at
Towle Academy, at the Maine Wesleyan Seminary,
where he graduated in 1859, at the Harvard Dental
School and at the Medical School of Maine. He
has been practising dentistry and oral surgery from
1 86 1 to date. In 1858 and 1859 he was a teacher
of higher mathematics at the Maine Wesleyan Sem-
inary and from 1S79 to 1883 was Lecturer on dental

FISHER, Theodore Willis, 1837-

Born in Westboro, Mass., 1837; educated at Willis-
ton Seminary, Phillips-Andover Academy and Har-
vard; has been Resident Physician at Deer Island,
Examining Physician to the Board of Directors of
Public Institutions, Boston; Assistant, and afterwards
Superintendent of the Boston Lunatic Hospital; Lec-
turer on Mental Diseases at Harvard; served in the
Civil War as Surgeon of Volunteers; is a member of
various medical societies and has been prominent as
an expert in important insane cases.

THEODORE WILLIS FISHER, M.D., Lec-
tures on Mental Diseases at Harvard, the
son of Milton and Eleanor (Metcalf) Fisher, was
born in Westboro', Massachusetts, May 29, 1837.
On his father's side he is descended from Thomas
Fisher, who came to this country from Winston,
England, to Dedham in 1634. On his mother's
side he is descended from Rev. Leonard Metcalf,
an English Rector of the sixteenth century. Theo-
dore W. Fisher was educated in the public schools
of ISIedway, Massachusetts, at the Williston Seminary,
Easthampton, and at the Phillips-Andover Academy.
He received the degree of Doctor of Medicine at
Harvard in 1861 and before graduating had been a
student at the Boston Lunatic Hospital. In this
Hospital from 1863 to 1870 he served as Assistant,
and from 1880 to 1895 as Superintendent. For
some time after graduating he was Resident Physi-
cian at Deer Island. In 1867 and again in 1890
he visited Europe and made a study of the foreign
hospitals for the insane, and this information com-
bined with the further knowledge possessed by Dr.
Fisher led to his being called upon to plan the New
City Hospital at Winthrop, afterwards, Danvers In-
sane Hospital and the new Boston Insane Hospital at
Austin and Pierce Farms. He is also often summoned

VNlFERSiriES JND THEIR SONS

as an expert in important insane cases, and has
written many papers besides one book on the ques-
tion of insanity. He was Reporter on Medical
Progress for Boston Medical Journal for ten years.

THEO. W. FISHER

In the years 1862 and 1863 he served as Surgeon
of tlie Forty-fourth Regiment Massachusetts Vohin-
teer Militia. From 1870 to 18S0 he was Examin-
ing Physician to the Board of Directors of Public
Institutions, Boston, also having an office in the
city for private practice. From 1884 to date has
been Lecturer on Mental Diseases at Harvard. Dr.
Fisher is a member of the .American Medico-Psy-
chological .Association, Councillor of the Massachu-
setts Medical Society, has been President of the
New England Psychological Society and the Boston
Medical Psychological Society, and member of the
Harvard Medical .Association. He was also a mem-
ber of tlie International Medical Congresses at
Washington, 18S7, and Berlin, 1890. He married
in 1858, Caroline Brown of Medway, who died in
i860, and in 1873 married Ella Gertrude Richardson
of Boston. He has five children : Willis Richardson,
Edward Metcalf, Gertrude, Florence and Margery
Fisher. Willis R. Fisher will graduate from Harvard
in 1899. Edward M. Fisher is in business in Boston.
Since 1895 Dr. Fisher and family have lived at 39
Newbury Street, Boston, where he has his office.

FITZ, Reginald Heber, 1843-

Born in Chelsea, 1843 ; educated at the Chauncey Hall
School, at Harvard and the Harvard Medical School;
studied abroad for two years; has been Instructor in
the Harvard Medical School; Assistant Professor and
Professor of Pathological Anatomy; has served as
one of the physicians to the Boston Dispensary, and
is one of the Visiting Physicians to the Massachu-
setts General Hospital.

REGIN.ALD HEBER FITZ, M.D., Professor of
Theory and Practice at Harvard, the son of
Albert Fitz, was born in Chelsea, Massachusetts,
May 5, 1843. During his youth he attended the
Chauncey Hall School in Boston and then entered
Harvard where he graduated in 1864. Four years
later he received the degree of Doctor of Medicine
from the same University. The next two years
were spent in study abroad, and on his return he
was appointed Instructor in Pathological .Anatomy
in the Harvard Medical School. While serving in
this position he continued his practice in Boston,
and was one of the physicians of the Boston Dis-
pensary. In 1873 he was appointed Assistant Pro-
fessor of Pathological Anatomy, and in 1878 was

REGINALD H. FITZ

made Professor in this subject. In the following
year his title was changed to that of Shattuck
Professor of Pathological .Anatomy. In 1887 he
was appointed one of the \'isiting Physicians to the

164

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

Massachusetts Ceiieral Hospital having been Pathol-
ogist to this institution during the previous sixteen
years. In i<S92 Dr. Fit/, was appointed Hersey
Professor of the Theory and Practice of Physic in
the Harvard Medical School. Dr. Fitz is a fellow
of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, a
member of several Medical Societies and has made
numerous contributions to medical literature.

FRANCKE, Kuno, 1855-

Born in Kiel, Germany, 1855: educated at the Gym-
nasium of Kiel, the Universities of Kiel, Berlin, Jena
and Munich; connected with Harvard since 1884, and
at present Professor of German Literature; member
of the American Historical Association and of the
Modern Language Association of America.

KUNO FRANCKE, Ph.D., Professor of German
Literature at Harvard, was born in Kiel, Ger-
many, September 27, 1855, his father being Judge
August Wilhelm Francke and his mother Marie

KUNO FRANCKE

Jensen. His early education was obtained at the
Gymnasium of Kiel, and his collegiate education at
the Universities of Kiel, Berlin, Jena and Munich.
At the latter institution he received the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy in 1878. From iSSoto 1S82
he was Ciymnasiallehrer at Kiel, from 1S82 to 18S4
Mitarbeiter at the Monumenta Germanise Historica,

Pcrliu. In 1S84 he was ap|)ointed Instructor in C^er-
nian Literature at Harvard, and that position he held
until 1887, when he was promoted to the Assistant
Professorship. In 1S96 he was made full Profes-
sor. He has published the following works : Zur
Geschichte der Schulpoesie des 12. und 13. Jahr-
hunderts ; De Hynini in Cererem Homerici
Compositione, Dictione, ALtate ; Libelli de Lite
Imperatorum et Pontificum ; Social Forces in Ger-
man Literature ; Glimpses of Modern German Cul-
ture. He is a member of the American Historical
Association and of tlie Modern Language Associa-
tion of .\merica. On June 27, 1889, Professor
I'rancke married Katherine Gilbert. They have
three children : Marie, Gilbert and Hugo Francke.

GREEN, John Orne, 1841-

Born in Lowell. Mass., 1841 ; educated at Phillips-
Exeter Academy and at Harvard; has been Surgical
House Officer at the Massachusetts General Hospital ;
connected with the Harvard Medical School since 1869
and in practice in Boston since 1868. He is a member
of various medical and social societies.

JOHN ORNE GREEN, M.D., Clinical Pro-
fessor of Otology at Harvard, who was born
in Lowell, Massachusetts, June 7, 1841, is the son
of John Orne (A.B. Harvard, 181 7, M.D. Harvard,
1822) and Jane (McBurney) Green. His grand-
father was the Rev. Aaron Green of Maiden and
Andover, Massachusetts, who graduated at Harvard
in 1789 and he is descended from James Green of
Charlestown, Thomas Green of Maiden, John Orne
of Salem and John Pickering of Salem. His mother
was from Newtownards, Ireland, being the daughter
of William McBurney and Mary Patterson. After
attending the Lowell public schools and Phillips-
Exeter Academy, Mr. Green entered Harvard, and
there received in 1863 the degree of Bachelor of
Arts, and in 1866 the degree of Master of Arts and
Doctor of Medicine. His training for active life
was obtained as Surgical House Officer in the Mas-
sachusetts General Hospital and by two years' study
in Berlin, Vienna, Wurzburg and Paris. Since 1868
he has been in active practice in Boston. Since
1869 he has been connected with the Harvard
Medical School as LIniversity Lecturer on Otology,
Special Instructor and Clinical Professor of Otology,
which latter position he now holds. He is also
Aural Surgeon at the Boston City Hospital, at the
Massachusetts General Hospital and the Mas-
sachusetts Charitable Eye and lOar Infirmary.

UNIVERSiriES AND THEIR SONS

165

Dr. C.reen wns formerly I'rcsidcnt of the Amrric.ui
Otological Society. Ho aKo holds membership in
the Boston Society of Medical Science, lioston Soci-
ety of Medical Improvement and in well-known

Ivenelm W'inslow, who emigrated to this coiuUry
probably in 1629. On the mother's side he is
descended from Robert Ililborn, who came to
Maine from one of the Middle .\llanlic Colonies
about 1775, and probably from Nicholas Noyes, who
came to Newburyport about 1635. .After Mdwin H.
Hall had received the usual ilistrict school training
and had passed through the Gorham Seminary he
entered Bowdoin, where he graduated in 1875.
From 1877 to 18S1 he was a student at the Johns
Hopkins University and there in 18S0 received the
degree of Doctor of I'hilosojihy. Before this last
course of study he had acted as Principal of (Mould's
Academy, 15ethel, Maine, 1875-76, and at UK-
High School, Brunswick, Maine, 1876-77. After
leaving Johns Ho|)kins he came to Harvard imme-
diately as Instructor in Physics; in 1888 he was
made Assistant Professor and in 1895, Professor.
He is a fellow of the American Academy of .\rls
and Sciences, I'oston, and a corresponding member
of the British .Association for the Advancement of
Science. He is the author of I';iementary Lessons
in Physics and one of the authors of Hall and

J. ORNE GREEN

social organizations, the Union Club and the Boston
Athletic Association. He is the author of many
monographs on subjects connected with his profes-
sion and of several translations from the Cierman.

HALL, Edwin Herbert, 1855-

Born in Gorham, Me., 1855; educated at Gorham
Seminary, at Bowdoin College and at Johns Hopkins;
has been Principal of Gould's Academy, Bethel, Me ,
of the High School, Brunswick, Me., has been In-
structor in Physics at Harvard, Assistant Professor
and Professor.

EDWIN HERBERT HALL, LL.D., Professor
of Physics at Harvard, was born in Gorham,
ALaine, November 7, 1855. His father was Joshua
Emery Hall, his mother Lucy Ann Hilborn. On
the father's side he is descended from John H.all
who came to this country from England early in the
seventeenth century, and settled in Dover, New
Hampshire, from Anthony Emery, who came from
England, landing in Boston, June 3, 1635, and

EDWIN H. IIAII.

Bergen's Textbook of Physics. He married
August 31, 18S2, Caroline Eliza Bottum of New
Haven, Vermont, and has two chiMren : Constance
Huntington and f'rederic Ililborn Ilail.

[66

UNIFERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

GARRETT, Alfred Cope, 1867-

Born in Germantown, Pa., 1S67; educated at private
schools in Pennsylvania and in London, Eng., and in
Switzerland, at Haverford College, at Harvard and at
the Harvard Graduate School; was in the lumber
business for a year; afterwards Instructor in Anglo-
Saxon at Harvard; Instructor in English at Harvard;
member of the Modern Language Association of
America.

ALFRFJl COl'1% GARRETT, Ph.D., Instruc-
tor in English at Harvard, was born in
(lermantown, Pennsylvania, November 3, 1867.
He is of American Quaicer ancestry for five or

assumed the duties of .\ssistant in Anglo-Saxon at
the College. The next year he was made Instruc-
tor in English and has continued in that position to
the present time, with the exception of one year,
1894-95, spent in Philadelphia, studying and deliv-
ering University Extension lectures. Mr. Garrett is
a member of the Cambridge Folk Lore Club, of the
Modern Language Association of America, and of
the Phi Beta Kappa Society, Haverford College
Chapter. He married June 18, 1896, Miss Eleanor
Evans of Germantown, Pennsylvania.

ALFRED C. GARRETT

six generations back on both sides of the f;iraily ;
his father's name is Philip Cresson Garrett ; his
mother's was EU/.abeth Wain Cope. After receiv-
ing his early education at a private (sectarian)
school in Germantown, at a private school in l,on-
don, England, (1S78-79) and for a few months
at a school in Switzerland, he entered Haverford
College, Pennsylvania, where he graduated in 1887.
Two years later he received the degree of Bachelor of
Arts at Harvard, and in 1892 was given the degree
of Doctor of Philosophy after study in the Harvard
Graduate School. The year 1887-88 he spent in
the lumber business in Philadelphia. In 1892 he
was appointed Instructor in Anglo-Saxon at the
Harvard Summer School and in the fall of that year

HANCOCK, John, 1703-1744.

Born in Lexington. Mass., 1703; graduated at Har-
vard, 1719; entered the ministry and was ordained at
Braintree, Mass., 1726, retaining the Pastorate there
for the rest of his life ; was Librarian at Harvard, 1723-
1726; died in Braintree, 1744.

JOHN HANCOCK, A.M., Librarian of Harvard,
was born in Lexington, Massachusetts, in
1703. He was the son of a clergyman of the same
name who graduated at Harvard in 1689, and was
Pastor of a Congregational Church in Lexington for
fifty-five years. The son was also educated at
Harvard, graduating in 17 19, and studied theology.
In 1723 he was appointed College Librarian, hold-
ing that office until 1726, in which year he was
installed Pastor of the church in that part of Brain-
tree now included with the City of Quincy, Massa-
chusetts, and labored there for the rest of his life.
His death occurred May 7, 1744. Rev. John Han-
cock is known to posterity as an able preacher and
a useful citizen, but is more especially distinguished
as the father of the Revolutionary Patriot who bore
his name and the first Governor of Massachusetts
under the Constitution.

HAGEN, Hermann August, 1817-1893.

Born in Kbnigsberg, Prussia, 1817; educated at the
Gymnasium and University of his native city ; received
Medical degree from the latter in 1840; was a student
at other educational centres, making a special study of
entomology ; practised medicine in Kbnigsberg, wheru
he became first assistant at the Surgical Hospital, and
was Vice-President of the City Council ; came to the
United States as Assistant in Entomology at Harvard;
was chosen Professor there in 1870, occupying this
chair for the rest of his life; was a member of various
learned bodies, and the author of about four hundred
scientific articles ; died, 1893.

HERMANN AUGUST HAGEN, M.D., Ph.D.,
S.D., Professor of Entomology at Harvard,
was born in Konigsberg, Prussia, May 30, 1817.

UNIVERSiriES AND THEIR SONS

167

After graduating from the C.yinnasiuin of his native
city he was a student and received in 1S40
his Medical degree at the Konigsberg University,
with which his ancestors were connected for two

GROSS, Charles, 1857-

Born in Troy, N. Y., 1857; graduated at Williams
College, at the Universities of Gbttingen, Berlin,
Leipsic, Munich and Paris; has been Teacher in Troy
Academy ; Instructor in History at Harvard and Assis-
tant Professor of History at Harvard; corresponding
member of Royal Historical Society of England, the
Gottingen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften, and hon-
orary member of the Anglo-Jewish Historical Society
and of the Hansischer Geschichtsverein.

CHARLES GROSS, I'hJ)., Assistant Profes-
sor in History at Harvard, the son of Louis
and Lottie (\Voolf) Gross, was born in 'i'roy, New
York, February 10, 1S57. His parents were born
in Germany. After receiving an education at the
pubhc schools of Troy Mr. Gross entered Williams,
where he graduated in 1878. After a year as
Teacher at the Troy Academy, four years were
spent abroad at the LTniversities of (Jottingcn,
Berlin, Leipsic, Munich and Paris. .\t Gottingen
in 1883 he received the degree of Doctor of Philos-
ophy. From 1884 to 1888 Dr. Gross was engaged
in private historical investigations in England, but in
the last-named year he was appointed Instructor

HERMANN A. HAf;EN

hundred and fifty years. He subsequently spent
some time in Berlin, Vienna, Paris and other educa-
tional centres of Europe, making a special study of
entomology, and in 1843 he engaged in the practice
of meilicine in the city of his birth, later becoming
First Assistant at the Surgical Hospital, and from
1863 to 1 86 7 was Vice-President of the City
Council, and a member of the School Board. At
the invitation of Professor Louis Agassiz he became
Assistant Professor of Entomology at Harvard, and
succeeding to the full Professorship of that science
in 1870, continued as such for the rest of his life,
which terminated in 1893. Professor Hageii was
made an honorary Doctor of Philosophy by the
University of Konigsberg in 1863, and received from
Harvard the honorary degree of Doctor of Science
in 1887. He was a fellow of the American
Academy, a member of the American Philosophical
Society, and of a number of other learned bodies.
His Bibliotheca Entomologica was published at
Leipsic in 1S62, and his other contributions to
scientific literature comprise about four hundred
articles.

CHAS. GROSS

in History at Harvard. In 1892 he was made
Assistant Professor of the same study in the Col-
lege. Besides being an honorary member of the
Anglo-Jewish Historical Society and the Hansischer

i68

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

Geschichtsverein, he is also corresponding member
of the Royal Historical Society of England and
the Gottingen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften.
Among the principal works written by Professor
Gross are : Gilda Mercatoria ; The Exchequer of
the Jews of England in the Middle Ages ; The Gild
Merchant, 2 volumes ; Select Cases from the Coro-
ner's Rolls; A Bibliography of British Municipal
History. He married July 15, 1S89, Annie Smith.

GULICK, Charles Burton, 1868-

Born in Jersey City, N. J.. 1868 ; educated at Adelphi
Academy, Brooklyn, and at Harvard; Instructor in
Greek at Harvard.

CHARLES BURTON GULICK, Ph.D., Instruc-
tor in Greek at Harvard, who was born in
Jersey City, New Jersey, September 30, 186S, is the

CHARLES BtmTON GULICK

son of Horace and Anna Louise (Sillcocks) Gulick.
He is descended from Jochem Gulick who came
from Holland in 1653, obtaining land in Long
Island, New York. The family removed to New
Jersey early in the last century and there are
numerous branches there. Mr. Gulick's mother
belonged to a family of English origin, her mother
was also related to the Connecticut Hulls and con-
nected with Commodore Hull. As a boy Mr.

Gulick attended the public schools of Brooklyn,
New York, and Adelphi Academy (now Adelphi
College) in that city. He entered Harvard in
1S87 and at first took up a general course of study,
but afterwards specialized in the classics. In iSgo
he received the degree of Bachelor of Arts, in 1 89 1
the degree of Master of Arts, with highest honors in
classics, and in 1894 the degree of Doctor of
Philosophy. The year 1894-95 was spent in travel
and study in Germany, Italy and Greece. Previous
to this he had served a year as Instructor in Greek
at Harvard and again in 1895 he returned to the
same position. He is a member of the Faculty of
Arts and Sciences, and of the Administrative Board
of the College. He married, September 9, 1896,
Anne Hathaway Swift of New Bedford, Massachu-
setts, and has one daughter. He has published
various reviews and articles in the Classical Review
and in the Harvard Studies in Classical Philology,
and is a member of the American Philological
Association.

HANCOCK, John, 1737-1793.

Born in Quincy, Mass., 1737; graduated at Harvard,
1754; succeeded to a large mercantile business and
became a prosperous merchant; began his public ser-
vices as member of the Massachusetts House of
Representatives in 1766; was President of the Pro-
vincial and Continental Congresses: served as a
Major-General during the Revolutionary War; mem-
ber of the Massachusetts Constitutional Convention,
1780; first Governor of that state under the Constitu-
tion; was a benefactor of Harvard and its Treasurer,
1773-1777 ; died, 1793.

JOHN HANCOCK, LL.D., first Governor of the
Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and Treas-
urer of Harvard, was born in Quincy, January 12,
1737. His father, the Rev. John Hancock, a settled
minister in Quincy and at one time Librarian of
Harvard, died in 1744, leaving the son to the care
of an uncle, Thomas Hancock a Boston merchant,
who adopted him and made him his heir. John
Hancock was graduated a Bachelor of Arts from
Harvard in 1754, receiving his Master's degree in
course. He subsequently succeeded to his uncle's
business together with a large fortune and became a
successful merchant. Among the many acts of
oppression imposed upon the citizens of Boston by
the Crown officers was the confiscation of one of
Hancock's vessels for an alleged violation of the
trade regulations, and he stubbornly resisted this as
well as all other injustices heaped upon the Colo-
nists. His public services prior to and during the

UNIVERSITIES AND -fUEIR SONS

1 69

struggle for indepenik-m-e, togetlu-r with his political
career under the constitution whieh he helped to
frame, are too prominently emphasized in history
to need repetition beyond the following siuipte
statements in chronological order of the different
offices to which he was elected. He was a member
of the Massachusetts House of Representatives in
1766, member of a committee to demand of Gov-
ernor Hutchinson the withdrawal of British troops
from Boston in 1770 after the Boston Massacre;
member of the Provincial Congress in 1774 after-
ward becoming its President ; delegate to the Con-

both honored him with the degree of Master of
Arts in 1769. From Brown he received the degree
of Doctor of Laws in 17.S8 and he was a fellow of
the American Academy of Science. Covernor
Hancock's generosity was only exceeded by his
patriotism ; and his sincere devotion to his country's
welfare was forcibly declared during a discussion as
to the absolute necessity of compelling the liritish
to evacuate Boston, in which he saitl : "Hum
Boston, and make John Hancock a beggar, if tlie
public good requires it."

JOHN HANCOCK

tinental Congress from 1775 t° ^1^° ''^''"^ President
of that body from May 1775 till October 1777, in
which capacity his signature alone was affixed to the
first copy of the Declaration of Independence ;
Major-General of the Massachusetts Militia in 1776
and commanded in the expedition against Rhode
Island in 17 78 ; member of the Massachusetts Consti-
tutional Convention in 1 7S0 ; Governor from 1 780 to
1785 ; again a delegate to the Continental Congress
from 1785 to 1787, and being once more elected
Governor, held office until his death, which occurred
October 8, 1793. He was a liberal benefactor of
Harvard, which conferred upon him the degree of
Doctor of Laws in 1792, and he served as its
Treasurer from 1773 to 1777. Princeton and Vale

HANCOCK, Thomas, 1702-1764.

Born in Lexington, Mass., 1702; rose from a small
bookseller to a wealthy merchant; was a generous
contributor to educational, religious and benevolent
works; founded a Professorship at Harvard; died,
1764.

THOMAS HANCOCK, an uncle of the Revo-
lutionary patriot, John Hancock, and Bene-
factor of Harvard, was a son of the first Rev. John
Hancock, for over fifty years a settled minister in
Lexington. His birth took place in that town in
1702, and beginning his business life as a retail
book-dealer of limited means he adxanced to a
prominent position among the Boston merchants of
his day. He died August i, 1764, leaving no chil-
dren of his own, and the greater part of his fortune
was inherited by his nephew, whom he had adopted
and educated. Besides a gift of ^1000 to be used in
religious work among the Indians, he donated the
sum of ^600 for the erection of an insane asylum
in Boston, and founded a Professorship of Hebrew
and Oriental Languages at Harvard, bequeathing
^1000 for that purpose.

HARRIS, Thaddeus Mason, 1768-1842.

Born in Charlestown, Mass., 1768; graduated from
Harvard, 1787; was Librarian there 1791-1793 when he
became Pastor of the First Unitarian Church, Dor-
chester, Mass., remaining there for the rest of his life ;
favored Freemasonry; published a number of interest-
ing works; died in Dorchester, 1842.

THADDEUS MASON HARRIS, S.T.I).,
Librarian of Harvard, was born in Charles-
town, Massachusetts, July 7, 1768. He was of
English origin and a descendant in the sixth gener-
ation of Thomas Harris of Devonshire. Left with-
out support at an early age, his father having died

I/O

UNIVERSiriES AND THEIR SONS

while serving in the Revolutionary Army, he worked
upon a farm and attended school when opportunity
permitted. His College preparations were directed
by Dr. Morse, an alleged Tory, and he took his
B.ichelor's degree at Harvard in 1787. An attack
of small-pox was responsible for his losing the posi-
tion of Private Secretary to General Washington.
While pursuing his theological studies he acted as
Librarian at Harvard, and in 1 793 he entered upon
his first and only Pastorate, that of the First Unita-
rian Church, Dorchester, Massachusetts, where he
labored diligently for nearly fifty years, or until
within three years prior to his death, which occurred
in that town, April 3, 1842. Dr. Harris received the
degree of Master of Arts from Harvard in course,
and that of Doctor of Divinity in 1813. He
was a fellow of the American Academy, a mem-
ber of the Massachusetts Historical Society, and
corresponding member of the Society of Archaeology
at Athens. His published works are : Discourses
in Favor of Freemasonry ; Journal of a Tour of the
Territory Northwest of the Alleghany Mountains ; A
Natural History of the Bible ; Memorials of the First
Church at Dorchester; and Biographical Memoirs
of James Ogelthorpe.

HARRINGTON, Charles, 1856-

Born in Salem, Mass., 1856; educated at the Phillips
Grammar School, Salem High School, Bowdoin Col-
lege, Harvard College, Harvard Medical School, Uni-
versities of Leipzig, Strassburg and Munich; was
Assistant in Chemistry at the Harvard Medical School,
afterwards Instructor in Hygiene, later Instructor in
Materia Medica and Hygiene and now is Assistant
Professor of Hygiene ; has served as Chemist to the
State Board of Health and Inspector of Milk to the
City of Boston; is a member of the Massachusetts
Medical Society, Boston Society for Medical Improve-
ment, Boston Society for the Medical Sciences, Massa-
chusetts Medico-Legal Society and other organizations.

CHARLES HARRINGTON, M.D., Assistant
Professor of Hygiene at Harvard, the son of
George Harrington and I^elphine Rose Eugenie
(Saudray) Harrington, was born in Salem, Massa-
chusetts, July 29, 1856. His mother, who was born
in Havre-de-Grace, was the daughter of Jean Marie
Saudray, an officer in Napoleon's army. His father
was descended from Robert Harrington, who settled
in Watertown in 1642. The son of this Robert
Harrington was Edward, born in 1668, whose son
was Nathaniel born in 1706 and graduated at Har-
vard in 1728. Nathaniel's son was Charles born in

1759, and his son, Jonas, born in 1792 was the
grandfathcrof the present Charles Harrington. After
passing through private schools, the Phillips Gram-
mar School of Salem, the Salem High School, Mr.
Harrington entered Bowdoin in the Class of 1877.
One year later he entered Harvard and from the
latter College received the degree of Bachelor of
Arts in 187 8. Three years later at the Harvard
Medical School he was given the degree of Doctor
of Medicine, having spent one year of the time as
Literne in the Massachusetts General Hospital. A

CHARLES HARRINGTON

winter semester at the University of Leipsic, a sum-
mer semester at the L^niversity of Strassburg and a
winter semester at the University of Munich com-
pleted his education. In 1883 he was appointed
Assistant in Chemistry at the Harvard Medical
School, the next year he was made Instructor in
Hygiene, in 1887 w^as made Instructor of Materia
Medica and Hygiene, and in June 1S98 was ap-
pointed .Assistant Professor of Hygiene. He served
the Commonwealth of Massachusetts from 1883 to
1892 as Chemist to the State Board of Health.
Since 1889 has been Inspector of Milk for the City
of Boston. Dr. Harrington belongs to numerous
societies, to the Massachusetts Medical Society, the
Boston Society for Medical Improvement, the Bos-
ton Society for the Medical Sciences, and the Mas-

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

171

sachusetts Medico Legal Society. Besides this he
is a member of the St. IJotolph, NaturaHsts, and
Papyrus Chibs of Boston. Of the latter club he
served as Secretary in 1S97 and President in 189S.
A Republican in politics up to 1884, he then be-
came a Democrat and in 1896 classed himself
among the gold Democrats. Dr. Harrington mar-
ried February 25, 1884, Martha Josephine Jones,
and has had three children : Charles Pratt, Mar-
giierita CarriUo and Eugene Saudray Harrington.

HERSEY, Ezekiel, 1709-1770.

Born in Hingham, Mass., 1709 ; educated at Harvard ;
studied medicine in Boston, and practised in his native
town; endowed an Academy there, and a Professorship
at Harvard; died in Hingham, 1770.

EZEKIEL HERSEY, A.M., Benefactor of
Harvard, was born in Hingham, Massachu-
setts, September 21, 1709. He was educated at
Harvard, taking his Bachelor's degree in 1728, and
that of Master of Arts in course, and having pursued
the study of medicine under the direction of Dr.
Dalhoude of Boston, he practised in Hingham for
the rest of his life, which terminated December 9,
1770. Besides donating funds for the endowment
of an Academy in his native town, he was a bene-
factor of Harvard to the extent of ;^2000, half of
which was eligible at his death, and the remainder
after the death of his widow, the whole to be used
in founding a Professorship of Anatomy and Surgery.
Abner Hersey, brother of the above, acquired some
prominence as a physician in Barnstable, Massachu-
setts, where he was born in 1722 and died in 1787,
but was especially distinguished for having executed
a peculiar will, embodying a scheme to perpetuate
his estate. He was a unique character, somewhat
of a pessimist, showing his utter disregard for the
fashion of the day by wearing a coat of tanned calf-
skin, but like his brother Ezekiel he believed in the
promotion of higher education, and he contributed
the sum of ^500 to Harvard as an addition to the
former's gift.

HART, Albert Bushnell, 1854-

Born in Clarksville, Pa., 1854 ; educated in the schools
of Cleveland. Ohio, and at Harvard ; four years in busi-
ness in Cleveland; afterwards Instructor in History at
Harvard, Assistant Professor and later Professor; an
Editor of the American Historical Review, was mem-
ber of the Cambridge School Committee, a member of

the Board of Commissioners of the Nautical Train-
ing School, member of the Massachusetts Historical
Society.

Al,l!i:Rr IIUSHNELL HART, Professor of
History at Harvard, the son of Albert (Jail-
kiid and Mary Crosby (liornell) Hart, was born in
Clarksville, I'ennsylvania, July 1,1854. His father
was a descendant of Stephen Hart of Newtowne
(Cambridge), Massacliusetts, and Farmington, Con-
necticut. His mother was of Swedish descent.
After obtaining an early education at the Humiston's
Cleveland Institute and at the West High School
of Cleveland, Mr. Hart spent from 1S71 to 1875 in

.AI.HKKr l;U.sH.\l,I.I, HART

Cleveland in business. He entered Harvard in 1876,
where he graduated in 1880. Three years after
graduating he was appointed Instructor in History
and four years later was made Assistant Professor.
In 1897 he was given a full Professorship. Not
only has Professor Hart been prominent as a
teacher, as one of the Editors of the .American His-
torical Review (1S95) and as a member of the
Massachusetts Historical Society, but he has also
manifested his interest in puliiic matters as a mem-
ber of the Cambridge School Committee for several
years preceding 1895, and since that time has been
a member of the Board of C'ommissioners of the
Nautical Training School of Massachusetts. He is
a member of tlie Colonial Cliib of Cambridge, the

172

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

Papyrus, Cambridge, Examiner, Reform and School-
masters' Clubs of Boston, and the Authors' Club
of New York, also of the Massachusetts Historical
Society and other historical and literary societies.
On July II, 1889, he married Mary Hurd Putnam
of Manchester, New Hampshire.

HILL, Henry Barker, 1849-

Born in Waltham, Mass., 1849 ; educated at the pre-
paratory school of Antioch College, Yellow Springs,
O.. at Harvard and in Berlin; has been Assistant in
Chemistry at Harvard, Assistant Professor, Professor
and Director of the Chemical Laboratory; is a fellow
of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences;
member of the New York Academy of Sciences and
the National Academy of Sciences.

HP:NRV lURKER HILL, A.M., Director of
the Chemical Laboratory at Harvard, was
born in \Valtham, Massachusetts, April 27, 1849.

the granddaughter of Colonel Benjamin Bellows,
tlie founder of that town. Henry entered the pre-
paratory school of .\ntioch College from the primary
school of Waltham and finished preparation for
college at Cambridge High School. He graduated
at Harvard in 1869, and received the degree of
]\Laster of .Arts in 1872. The year 1869-70 was
spent in Berlin. Then he returned immediately to
Harvard to become .'Assistant in Chemistry. In 1 8 74
he was promoted to the Assistant Professorship,
and in 1884 to the full Professorship in Chemistry,
which he now holds. He has also been since 1S94
director of the Chemical Laboratory. Professor
Hill is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts
and Sciences and a member of the New York
."Xcademy of Sciences and of the National Academy
of Sciences. He married Septeinber 2, 1871, Ellen
Grace Shepard, and has one son, Edward Burlin-
game Hill (Harvard 1894).

H. E. HILL

His father, Thomas Hill, who graduated at Harvard
in 1843, 'ind President of Harvard Lhiiversity,
1862-1863, was the son of Judge Thomas Hill of
the Court of Common Pleas, New Jersey, who as a
follower of Priestly came to this country in 1793 to
seek religious liberty. The mother of Henry B.
Hill, who was .Anne Foster Bellows, was the daughter
of Josiah Bellows of Walpole, New Hampshire, and

HOOKER, Samuel, 1632-1697.

Born in England, 1632; educated at Harvard, gradu-
ating in 1653 ; Tutor and Fellow of the College, 1654-
1656; installed Pastor at Farmington, Conn., 1661 ; in
1662 served upon a Committee formulated for the
purpose of uniting the Colonies of New Haven and
Connecticut.

SAMUEL HOOKER, A.M., Tutor, and Over-
seer of Harvard, was a son of the Rev.
Thomas Hooker, founder of Hartford, Connecticut,
and was born in England in 1632. He was gradu-
ated at Harvard in 1653, receiving his Master's
degree in course, and as he was shortly afterward
appointed Tutor and Overseer, it may be inferred
that he served in these capacities while pursuing his
theological studies. Having been ordained to the
ministry he was in 1661, installed Pastor of the
Church in Farmington, Connecticut, with the early
growth of which colony he must have been actively
identified as the records show that in 1662 he was
a member of a committee of four appointed to
arrange for the annexation of the settlement of New
Haven.

HILLS, William Barker, 1850-

Born at Plaistow, N. H.. 1850; educated at Phillips-
Exeter Academy, Harvard College and the Harvard
Medical School; has been Instructor in Chemistry at
Harvard, Assistant Professor of Chemistry, Associate
Professor of Chemistry, Chemist to the Sanitary Pro-
tection Association of Newport, R. I.; is a member of

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

17;

the American Chemical Society, the Massachusetts
Medical Society and the Massachusetts Medico Legal
Society.

WILLIAM BARKER HILLS, M.D., Asso-
ciate Professor of Chemistry at Harvard,
who was born at Plaistow, New Hampshire, May 18,
1850, is the son of \\'illiam Henry and Caroline
Piper (Barker) Hills. He is a dcscentlant of Joseph
Hills, who came from F:ngland to New England
(Charlestown) in 163S, and wiio was a lawyer and
a man of affairs exerting much inlluence in the early
days of this country. William B. Hills passed

and clubs. He married, July 14, 1S74, Carrie
Morrill Sleeper and has two children ; Ildward
Barker and Bertha Johnson Hills.

WII.I.IAM 1;. HILLS

through the public schools of his native town and
Phillips-Exeter Academy and then entered Harvard,
where he graduated in 1S71. The next three years
were spent at the Harvard Medical School, and im-
mediately after receiving his degree of Doctor of
Medicine he was appointed Instructor in Chemistry
in the Medical School of Harvard. 'Pen years he
held this position and was then promoted to the
Assistant Professorship. In 1SS9 he was made
Associate Professor of Chemistry and still liolds this
title. He has been Chemist to the Sanitary Protec-
tion Association of Newport, Rhode Island, since
its organization. Professor Hills is a member of
the Massachusetts Medical Society, the American
Chemical Society and several other local societies

JACKSON, Charles, i775-i855-

Born in Newburyport, Mass., 1775; graduated at
Harvard. 1793; admitted to the Bar, 1796; moved to
Boston in 1803 ; associated in practice with Judge
Samuel Hubbard; Justice of the Massachusetts Su-
preme Court, 1813-1824; member of the State Constitu-
tional Convention, 1820 ; Chairman of the Commission
to Codify the Laws, 1833, arranging the second part of
the Revised Statutes ; aided in procuring important
legislative reforms ; Overseer of Harvard, 1816-1825; a
Fellow, 1825-1834; died in Boston, 1855.

CHARLES JACKSON, LL.D., Overseer and
Fellow of Harvard, was born in Newbury-
port, Massachusetts, May 31, 1775. He was a son
of Jonathan Jackson, the Revolutionary statesman,
who was at one time Treasurer of Harvard. Charles
was graduated with honors from the above named
College in 1793, pursued his legal preparations in
the office of Chief-Justice Theophilus Parsons, and
in 1796 was admitted to the Essex County Bar in
the town of his birth. Locating in Boston in 1S03
and entering into partnership with Judge Samuel
Hubbard, he rapidly advanced to the front rank in
his profession and in 1813 was appointed an Asso-
ciate Justice of the Supreme Court, retaining his seat
upon the Bench until 1824. As a member of the
State Constitutional Convention in 1820, he took a
conspicuous part in the deliberations of that body,
and in 1833 he was selected for the Chairmanship
of a Commission established for the Codification
of the State Laws, arranging while serving in that
capacity the second part of the Revised Statutes.
Seeing the need of changes in the debt and credit
laws he exercised special care to include their revi-
sion among the other important legislative reforms
which were effected through his instrumentality, and
his labors in behalf of just and indiscriminate laws
were extremely valuable to the Commonwealth.
Besides his Bachelor's degree, Mr. Jackson received
from Harvard that of Master of Arts, in course, and
was made a Doctor of Laws in 182 i. Becoming an
Overseer of the College in 1S16 he remained upon
the Board until 1825 when he joined the Corpora-
tion and continued a Fellow for nine years. His
death occurred in Boston, December 13, 1855.
He was the author of a Treatise oji Pleadings and
Practice in Real .\ctions which acquired recognition
as an authority on the law of pniperly.

174

UNIFERSiriKS JNT) THEIR SONS

HOWELLS, William Dean, 1837-

Born in Ohio, 1837; reared a printer; educated
largely through medium of his early calling; wrote
poems when a boy and developed early a taste for liter-
ature ; famous as editor, critic, author, and the originator
of anew school of fiction; Lecturer at Harvard, i86g-
1871.

WILLIAM DEAN HOWELLS, A.M., Lec-
turer at Harvard, was born in Martin's
Ferry, Ohio, March i, 18.57. His paternal ances-
tors were industrious and well-to-do Quakers from
Wales. His grandfather was an ardent Methodist,

WILLIAM D. HOWELLS

and his father who was a printer, espoused the doc-
trine of Svvedenborg. Reared in an atmosphere of
refinement and endowed with habits of industry,
frugality and self-dependence, young Howells grew
to manhood in a printing-office and wrote poetry to
relieve the monotony of type-setting. Books and
an inclination to read were not half so much needed
as was time to peruse them, and yet his desire for
the cultivation of his mind enabled him to devour
much that was pure and helpful in literature, and
the young printer, largely self-educated, developed
into a brilliant newspaper writer. It was while
Consul at Venice under appointment by President
Lincoln that he achieved his first literary notice
which resulted from the publication in England in

book form of a series of papers entitled \'enetian
Life. Upon his return to the United States he be-
came an editorial writer on the New York Times
and New York Tribune. In 1866 he accepted the
Assistant Editorship of the Atlantic Monthly, be-
coming its Editor in 1872, and retaining that post
some nine years. While holding the last named
position he was a conspicuous figure in the literary
gatherings in Boston and Cambridge, frequently
visiting Longfellow in his study, and with his clear
knowledge of Italian aiding the poet with his trans-
lation of Dante. In 1886 he concluded an arrange-
ment with the Harpers whereby he began the
supervision in the monthly magazine of the Editor's
Study, a new department. Mr. Howells was made
a Master of Arts by Harvard in 1867 and by Yale
in 1 88 1. His lectures at Harvard were delivered
from 1869 to 1871. Mr. Howells has accomplished
a vast amount of work including poems, critical
essays, biographies, novels, miscellaneous sketches,
plays, etc. Among his best known works are : A
Chance Acquaintance ; A Counterfeit Presentment ;
The Lady of the Aroostook ; The Undiscovered
Country ; A Modern Instance ; The Rise of Silas
Lapham ; and the Minister's Charge. His works
are popular as well as numerous, and he is the
founder of a school of fiction known as the realistic.

JACKSON, Charles Loring, 1847-

Born in Boston. 1847; educated at Miss Morse's,
Mr. T. R. Sullivan's and Mr. E. S. Dixwell's private
schools in Boston, and Harvard, and at Heidelberg
and Berlin; has been Assistant in Chemistry at Har-
vard, Assistant Professor and Professor; is a member
of the National Academy of Sciences and American
Academy of Arts and Sciences.

CHARLES LORING JACKSON, A.M., Pro-
fessor in Chemistry at Harvard, was born
in Boston, April 4, 1847. His father, Patrick
Tracy Jackson, was the son of that Patrick Tracy
Jackson who founded the city of Lowell, Massachu-
setts. His mother, Susan Mary Loring, was the
daughter of Charles Greely Loring, an eminent
lawyer of New England. After passing through the
private schools of Miss Morse, Mr. T. R. Sullivan
and Mr. E. S. Dixwell in Boston, Mr. Jackson
entered Harvard, where he graduated in 1867,
receiving later on in due course his degree of Master
of .'Vrts. His education was rounded out by serv'ice
as an Assistant in the Chemical Laboratory at Har-
vard, by one semester in Heidelberg in 1873 under

UNIVERSiriES AND ■Til KIR SONS

'75

Bunsen, and one and one-half semesters in Berlin,
1874-75, under A. W. Hofmann. From 1S67 to
187 1 he served as Assistant in Chemistry at Harvard
and from 187 1 to 188 1 he was Assistant Professor.
In the last-named year he was made a full Professor
and holds that position to date. He is a member
of the National Academy of Sciences, the American
Academy of Arts and Sciences, of which organiza-
tion for three years he was Corresponding Secretary,
and of the German and American Chemical Soci-

CHARLES LORINT, JACKSON

eties and is also honorary member of the British
Association for the Advancement of Science. Most
of his published researches have been in the field of
organic chemistry.

JACKSON, Jonathan, 1743-1810.

Born in Boston, Mass., 1743 ; graduated at Harvard,
1761 ; a successful merchant in Newburyport, Mass.;
member of the Provincial Congress 1775, of the Gen-
eral Court 1777, Federal Congress 1782, and State
Senate 1789; U. S. Marshal, 1789-1791; State Treas-
urer, 1802-1806; Treasurer of Harvard, 1807-1810; died
in Boston. 1810.

JON.\THAN JACKSON, A.M., Treasurer of
Harvard, was born in Boston, Massachusetts,
June 4, 1 743. He was a graduate of Harvard,
receiving his Bachelor's degree in 1761 and that of

Master of .Arts in course, and turning his attention
to mercantile pursuits settled in Newburyport, Mas-
sachusetts, where he became a prosperous merchant.
During the period of exciting political agitation an-
terior to the -American Revolution, he championed
the Colonial cause with so much zeal and efficacy
as to become a recognized leader among the local
patriots, by whom he was chosen a delegate to the
Provincial Congress in 1775. He subsequently
took a prominent pari in the affairs of government
both jMovincial and federal, serving as a Represen-
tative to the State Legislative body in 1777, was a
member of the Continental Congress in 17S2, and a
State Senator in 17S9. .Apirointed I'nited States
Marshal in the latter year he held that office until
1 79 1, and in the following year he was elected State
Treasurer, continuing in that capacity until 1786.
For some time he held the Presidency of the State
Bank. In 1S07 he became officially connected with
Harvard as its 'Preasurer, and guarded the financial
interests of the College until his death, which
occurred in Boston, March 5, 1810. Mr. Jackson
was a fellow of the .American Academy of .Arts and
Sciences, and the author of: Thoughts upon the
Political Situation of the United States.

JAGGAR, Thomas Augustus, Jr., 1871-

Born in Philadelphia, Pa., 1871 ; educated in Cincin-
nati, O., in Montreux, Switzerland, in Philadelphia, at
Harvard and at the Universities of Munich and Heidel-
berg; engaged in office and field work of the United
States Survey of Yellowstone Park and of the Black
Hills; has been Assistant in Petrography at Harvard
and Instructor in Geology; has published numerous
scientific papers.

THOMAS AUGUSTUS JAGGAR, Jr., Ph.D.,
Instructor in Geology at Harvard, was born
in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, January 24, 1871. His
father is the Right Rev. Thomas A. Jaggar, the Pro-
testant Episcopal Bishop of Southern Ohio, while liis
great-grandfather, Jehiel Jaggar, was a well known
New York merchant, who traced his line back to
Jeremiah Jaggar of Watertown, Massachusetts, 1634,
one of the founders of Stanford, Connecticut, 1640.
The mother of Thomas .\. Jaggar, Jr., was Anna
Louisa Lawrence, the daughter of Hon. John W.
Lawrence, of Flushing, Long Island. .After passing
his early years in the public and private schools of
Cincinnati, Ohio, Arthur's School at Montreux,
Switzerland, and at the Delancey School, Philadel-
phia, Mr. Jaggar entered Harvard where he received

176

UNIVERSITIES JXD THEIR SONS

the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1S93, of Master
of Arts in 1S94 anil of Doctor of Philosophy in
1S97. In 1S95 he j)ursued his studies at the Uni-
versity of Munich and in 1896 at the University of

bestimmung, and the same in English, A Microscler-
ometer for Determining the Hardness of Minerals ;
An Occurrence of Acid Pegnatite in Diabase ; Some
Conditions Affecting Geyser Eruption ; Death Gulch,
a Natural Bear-trap ; Experiments on the Formation
of Minerals from an Igneous Magna ; a Review ;
Reviews of Geological and Geographical works for
the Nation, the American Naturalist and the Literary
'\\'orld. Dr. Jaggar's work at Harvard has dealt
chiefly with the training of advanced men in field
work, and with the establishment of a Laboratory of
Experimental Geology, where with especially devised
instruments, such processes as the folding of strata,
eruption of geysers, sedimentation, erosion and
mineral synthesis are studied experimentally. In
1898-99 he gave a new lecture-course, on the
"Structural and Dynamical (leology of the L^nited
States "

HURLBUT, Byron Satterlee, 1865-

Born in Shelburne, Vt., 1865; educated at the public
schools of Shelburne, Vt. and of Lynn, Mass., at Har-
vard ; has been Assistant of English at Harvard.
Instructor in English and Recording Secretary.

T. A. JAGGAR, JR.

Heidelberg. He was made Assistant in Petrography
in 1894 at Harvard, and one year later was given
the position which he now holds, that of Instructor
in Geology. He has also been engaged in field
work of the L-nited States Geological Survey of the
Yellowstone Park during the summers of 1893 and
1897 under Mr. Arnold Hague, being appointed Field
Assistant and later Geologic Assistant in charge of
Petrographical work ; in 1898 he was appointed to
the Mining District of the Black Hills, under Mr.
S. F. Emmons, where he was given charge of the
aerial mapping of two quadrangles in the vicinity of
Deadwood, South Dakota. He is still engaged in
this work (1899). He has written the following
scientific articles : Studies of INIelonites Multiporus,
in joint authorship with Dr. Robert Tracy Jackson ;
A Simple Instrument for Inclining a Preparation in
the Microscope ; The Pirna and Kirchberg Zones of
Contact Metamorphism ; On the Geological Work
of Vertices and Eddies ; Note on Penning's Field
Geology ; editing of Abstracts of the Geological
Conference at Harvard University ; Current Studies
in Experimental Geology ; Some Conditions of
Ripple-Mark ; Ein Mikrosklerometer zur Hartes-

BVRON SATTERLEE HURLBXJI

lYRON SAITERLEE HURLBUT, A.M., Re-
cording Secretary at Harvard, w-as born in
Shelburne, Vermont, February 10, 1865. His early
education was obtained at the district school in

UNTVERSITIES JND THEIR SONS

Shelbiirne and at the |iublic schools of Lynn, Mas-
sachusetts, alter which he entered Harvard, there to
receive the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 18S7 and
the degree of Master of Arts in 1S8.S. He was
appointeil in 1S90 Assistant in Kngiish at Harvard,
tlie next year he was made Instructor in Enghsii,
and in 1S95 was made Recording Secretary.

JAMES, William, 1842-

Born in New York City, 1842; educated as a boy in
New York, in England and in France and later at-
tended the Academy of Geneva, Lawrence Scientific
School at Harvard and the Harvard Medical School;
and was a member of the Thayer expedition to
Brazil; has been Instructor in Natural History at
Harvard, Assistant Professor of Physiology and later
Professor of Philosophy and Professor of Psychology.

WILLIAM JAMES, M.D., Professor of Psy-
chology at Harvard, who was born in New
York City, January 11, 1842, has been prominent
for his philosophical and psychological researches.

studied two years mukr private tutors and one at
the College Connnunal of lioulogne sur nicr. Re-
turning to Euro])e at eighteen he attended lectures
for a ye;ir at the .Acatlemy of (Geneva. Returning to
.■\nieric:i in i860 he studied i)ainting for a year with
\\illi;im M. Hinit ; then chemistry :uid anatomy at
the Lawrence Scientific .School, antl finally entered
the Harv;ird Medical School in 1864. He received
his degree of Doctor of Medicine in 1870. In
1865-66 Professor James was one of .Agassiz's com-
jxanions in the Thayer expedition to P.nizil. He
was appointeil in 1872 Instructor in Natural History
at Harvard, four years later was made Assistant Pro-
fessor in Physiology and in 1S80 was made Assistant
Professor in Philosophy. In 1S85 he was appointed
Professor of Philosophy; in 1890 was made Profes-
sor of Psychology; and in 1897, Professor of Phil-
osophy again. In the same year he was appointed
" Correspond:int " of the Institute of France (.Acad-
emy of Moral and Political Sciences), and Cifford
Lecturer on Natural Religion to the L'niversity of
Edinburgh. He married in 1878 .Alice H. (jibbens
and has four children : Henry, U'illiani, M;iry and
John James.

\VHI. JAMES

His parents, Henry and Mary James, were Ameri-
can, but one grandfather on the paternal side, was
Irish, while on both sides farther back Professor
James can trace his ancestry to the Scotch as well
as the Irish race. Up to the age of thirteen he was
educated at private schools in New York. He then

VOL. II. 12

JENKS, William, 1778 1866.

Born in Newton, Massachusetts. 1778 ; graduated at
Harvard, 1797 ; P.istor of the First Congregational
Church, Bath, Me., 1805-1818; Chaplain in the War of
1812; Professor of Oriental Languages and Literature
at Bowdoin, three years ; first in Boston to conduct
religious meetings especially for seamen ; Pastor of a
church in Green Street, Boston, 1826-1845 ; Overseer
of Harvard, 1832-1845 ; author and editor ; member of
various noted organizations ; died in Boston, 1866.

WILLLAM JENKS, S.T.D., LL. D., Overseer
of Harvard, was born in Newton, Mas-
sachusetts, November 25, 1778, and was a descend-
ant in the sixth generation of Joseph Jenks of Lynn.
He took his Bachelor's degree at Harvard in 1797
and that of Master of Arts in course. Immediately
following his graduation he was reader at Christ's
Church, Cambridge, and subsequently em])loyed as
a private tutor. Entering the Congregational min-
istry in 1805, he was called to the First C-hurch,
Bath, Maine, which Pastorate he retained for twelve
years. During this time he served as Chaplain of a
Maine regiinent in the War of 181 2, and for three
years occupied the Chair of Oriental Languages and
English Literature at Bowdoin, driving thither from
Bath to perform the functions of his Professorship.
Returning to Boston in 181S he a[>plied himself to

178

UNIVERSITIES A NT) THEIR SONS

the task of furnisliing religious instruction to sea-
men, of which he was the original jiromoter, the
movement in that direction inaugurated by him
soon after developing into the Mariners' Church
and Sailors' Home, and subsequently into the
present City Missionary Society. He was also en-
gaged in missionary work in the locality known as
the West iMid, and having organized a society and
erected a church in Green Street he officiated as its
Pastor from 1826 to 1845. Dr. Jenks died in Bos-
ton, November 13, 1866. He was honored with the
degree of Doctor of Divinity both by Bowdoin and
Harvard in 1825 ami 1S42 respectively, and re-
ceived from the former that of Doctor of Laws in
1862. Called to the Board of Overseers of Harvard
in 1832 he cheerfully accepted the charge and ren-
dered efficient services for thirteen years, retiring in
1845. He was the founder of the American Orien-
tal Society, was a fellow of the American Academy
of Arts and Sciences, a member of the American
Philosophical, the Massachusetts Historical, and the
New England Historic Genealogical Societies and
the American Antiquarian Society of Worcester,
Massachusetts. He was particularly interested in
the last named organization, serving as its Corre-
sponding Secretary four years and as Senior Vice-
President thirteen years ; delivered an address be-
fore the society in 1813 and another iifty years
afterwards, 1863. Besides his edited works and
sermons he published the explanatory Bible Atlas
and Scripture Gazette and a Commentary on the
Bible of which one hundred and twenty thousand
copies were sold.

School, Zurich, at the Kcole des Ponts et Chauss(^es,
Paris, and in travel. The years 1890-1892 were
spent as Instructor in Civil Engineering at Harvard.
During the years 1 89 2-94, Mr. Johnson was en-
gaged in various kinds of structural engineering
work in Chicago. He then returned to resume his

L. J. JOHNSON

former position at Harvard, and in May 1S96 was
appointed Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering.
On June 27, 1893, Mr. Johnson married MissClrace
Allen Fitch and has one son : Jerome ."^Uen Johnson.

JOHNSON, Lewis Jerome, 1867-

Born in Milford, Mass., 1867 ; educated at Harvard,
at the Federal Polytechnic School, Zurich, and at the
Ecole des Ponts et Chauss^es, Paris ; is Assistant Pro-
fessor of Civil Engineering at Harvard and has engaged
in various kinds of structural engineering in Chicago.

LEWIS JEROME JOHNSON, C.E., Assistant
Professor of Civil Engineering at Harvard,
who was born in Milford, Massachusetts, September
24, 1867, is the son of Napoleon Bonaparte and
Mary Tufts ( Stone ) Johnson. After passing
through the public schools, including the high
school of Milford, Massachusetts, he entered Har-
vard, where he graduated in 1887. The next year
he took the degree of Civil Engineer from the
Lawrence Scientific School, and the succeeding two
years were spent in study at the Federal Polytechnic

KEAYNE, Robert, 1595-1656.

Born in England, 1595 ; assisted the Plymouth
Colony ; settled in Boston in 1635 as one of the found-
ers of the Massachusetts Bay Colony ; member of the
General Court, founder of the Ancient and Honorable
Artillery Company, the Boston Latin Grammar School,
and one of the original contributors to Harvard ; died,
1656.

ROBERT KEAYNE, Benefactor of Harvanl,
was born in England in 1595. He was a
merchant tailor in London and a man of means,
possessing considerable business and social influence,
and was a member of the Honorable Artillery Com-
pany. In 1624 he rendered financial assistance to
the struggling Plymouth Colony by bestowing upon
it a liberal donation, and was one of the founders of

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

the Massachusetts Bay Colony, setthng in Boston in incd the oyster-bed regions of Chesapeake Bay for

1635. From 163S to 1649 he was several times a the Coast and Geodetic Survey. While in the Gov-

member of the General Court. The Honorable ernmcnt service he investigated the relative value of

Artillery Company of Boston was founded by him high exi)losivcs, some of tlie results of which have

and modelled after its London parent organization, been ])ublislu-d in the scienlilic jutirnals of Annrica

He aided in the establishment and support of Har- and luirope. Besides the tlegree of liachelor of

yard, anil the present Boston Latin Grammar School Science conferretl by Harvaid, he was made Doctor

was founded upon a legacy left by him for the of Bhilosophy in course by Columbian in i''^94, and

endowment of a free school. His character was is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and

uniiiue, and his will is the longest ever recorded in Sciences. He was President of the American Chem-

America. Robert Keayne died March 23, 1656. ical Society in 1898, Vice-President of the American

Association for the Advancement of Science (Chem-

MUNROE, Charles Edward, 1849-

Born in Cambridge, Mass., 1849; graduated at the
Lawrence Scientific School, 1871 ; Assistant to Pro-
fessor Gibbs, and Instructor in Chemistry at Harvard
College till 1E74; lectured on Chemistry at the Boston
Dental College, 1873-1874 ; Professor of Chemistry at
the U. S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, 1874-1876; Pro-
fessor of Chemistry and Explosives at the U. S. Naval
Torpedo Station and War College, Newport, R. I.;
called to the Chair of Chemistry at Columbian Uni-
versity, Washington, D. C, in 1892 where he now is ;
Dean of the Corcoran Scientific School from 1892 to
1897 and of the School of Graduate Studies from 1893
to this time; a recognized authority on explosives.

CHARLES KlJWARD MUNROE, Ph.D., In-
structor in Chemistry at Harvard, was born
in Cambridge, ALassachusetts, May 24, 1849. He
was a student in the Scientific Department of Har-
vard, graduating in 187 1, S. B. summa cum laude,
and having for a time assisted Professor Wolcott
Gibbs, he remained there as an Instructor in Chem-
istry until 1S74. He was in charge of tlie first
summer school in Cambridge for the instruction of
teachers in chemistry in 1872, and delivered chemi-
cal lectures at the Boston Dental College during the
two succeeding years. Accepting the Professorship
of Chemistry at the United States Naval Academy,
Annapolis, in 1S74, he remained there for twelve
years, and in 1886 was transferred to the Govern-
ment Torpedo Station and War College, Newport,
Rhode Island, where he made practical demonstra-
tions in the manufacture, testing and use of high
explosives. He subsequently took the Chair of
Chemistry at the Columbian University, Washington,
District of Columbia, and is now Dean of the School
of Graduate Studies connected with that Institution.
During the years 1 883-1 S84 he lectured in St. John's
College, Annapolis. 'I'he report on the building
stones of \'irginia and Maryland for the United States
Census llureau was made by hiui, and he also exam-

CHARLES EDWARD MUNROE

ical Section) in 1887, is a member of the American
Philosophical Society, the New York, London and
Berlin Chemical Societies, and has held every office
under the Naval Institute except that of President.
He is the author of over one hundred scientific
papers; Notes on the Literature of Explosives and
an Index to the Literature of Explosives ; Lectures
on Chemistry and Explosives, etc. He was ap-
pointed United States Assay Commissioner by
Presidents Arthur, Cleveland and Harrison, and a
Visitor to the Naval Academy by President Mc-
Kinley. Dr. Munroe arranged and superintended
the establishment of a post-graduate course at the
Smithsonian Institution for naval officers, and pro-
vided the na\-al academy with a mineral cabinet.

i8o

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

ADAMS, Eliphalet, 1677-1753.

Born in Dedham, Mass., 1677; graduated at Harvard,
1694; ordained to the ministry in New London, Conn.,
1709; took an active interest in the welfare of the In-
dians; and also in Yale College. Died in New London,
Conn., 1753.

EI.IPH.\LET ADAMS, A.M., Fellow of Yale,
was born in Dedham, Massachusetts, March
26, 1677. His father was the Rev. William .-\dams,
the second settled minister in Dedham. His Col-
lege course was pursued at Harvard, from which he
was graduated in 1694, and after preaching in
several different places he was in i 709 installed as
Pastor of the Congregational Church in New London,
Connecticut. He was an eminent scholar, and be-
sides a thorough knowledge of the ancient languages
he acquired proficiency in the Indian tongue, having
taken an active interest in the welfare of the Abori-
gines of his neighborhood. His popularity as a
preacher caused him to receive many requests to
deliver special sermons before political and educa-
tional societies. Mr. Adams' active interest in Yale
extended through a period of twenty years (1720-
1740), during which time he was a Fellow. Among
the more notable of his published sermons are : one
on the death of Rev. James Noyes, of Stonington ;
election sermons ; Thanksgiving sermon ; on the
death of Governor Saltonstall ; on the ordination of
Rev. William Gager ; on the ordination of Thomas
Clapp ; and a discourse to young men. He died
in New London, October 4, 1753.

a Presbyterian society in Lawrenceburgh, Indiana,
where he remained from 1837 to 1839, and for the
next seven years he preached in Indianapolis. In
1847, he accepted the Pastorate of Plymouth Church,
Brooklyn, a newly organized Congregational society,
and the world-wide fame he acquired during his sub-
sequent forty years of ministerial labor in the City
of churches is familiar to all. In 1871, he began
the first course of the " Lyman Beecher Lectureship"
on jireaching at the Yale Divinity School founded by
Henry W. Sage, one of his parishioners, and he de-
livered the two subsequent courses, completing them

BEECHER, Henry Ward, 1813-1887.

Born in Litchfield, Conn.. 1813 ; graduated at Am-
herst, 1834; studied theology at Lane Seminary; called
to the Presbyterian Church, Lawrenceburgh, Ind ,
1837 ; and from thence to Indianapolis ; settled in
Brooklyn as Pastor of Plymouth Church,' 1847 and
continued as such for forty years; Lecturer on preach-
ing at the Yale Divinity School. 1871-74; editor, lecturer
and prolific writer; died in Brooklyn, N. Y., 1887.

HI.NRY WARD BEECHER, Lecturer at the
Yale Divinity School, fourth son of Dr.
Lyman Beecher, was born in Litchfield, Connecticut,
June 24, I Si 3. He was educated at the Boston
Latin School, the Mount Pleasant Institute and
Amherst College, graduating from the latter in 1834,
and also attended the Lane Theological Seminary
near Cincinnati, Ohio, of which his father was
President. His first Pastoral settlement was over

HENRY WARD BEECHER

in 1874. Mr. Beecher's literary work began during
his theological studies as Editor of the Cincinnati
Journal, a religious newspaper ; he edited the Far-
mer and Gardener, an agricultural paper of Indiana-
polis ; was one of the founders of the Independent,
to which he contributed editorials for nearly twenty
years and was its Editor 1861-63 ; and was the first
Editor-in-Chief of the Christian LTnion 1870. Mr.
Beecher made two lecture tours in England which
resulted in changing the erroneous opinions of the
United States and its people, held by many English-
men, and as a platform orator his popularity in this
country has never been equalled. As a writer his
capacity seemed well-nigh boundless as well as
versatile, enabling him to write interestingly and
instructively upon almost any subject. Besides his

UNIVERSiriES AND THEIR SONS

iSi

contributions to newspapers and periodicals, and liis
editorial work, his many publications in book-form
bear ample testimony of his prolific pen, and of his
more pretentious works perhaps the most popular
is his Life of Jesus, the Christ, the concluding
volume of which was completed but a short time
before his deatli and was therefore his last great
literary achievement. Mr. Beecher dietl in Brook-
lyn, March 8, 1887.

BEECHER, Edward, 1803-1895.

Born in East Hampton, L. I., 1803; graduated at
Yale, 1822; studied theology in Andover and New
Haven; Tutor at Yale, 1825-26; Pastor of the Park St.
Church, Boston, 1826-30; President of Illinois College
several years ; became Pastor of the Salem St. Church,
Boston, 1844; and of the church in Galesburg, 111.,
1855 ; Professor of Exegesis at the Chicago Theological
Seminary several years; retired from the ministry,
1872 ; died, 1895.

EDWARD BEECHER, D.D., Tutor at Yale,
was born in East Hampton, Long Island,
August 27, 1803. He was the second son of Dr.
Lyman Beecher, who graduated at Yale in 1797,
and of the latter's seven sons, six became clergy-
men, among them being the famous Henry Ward
Beecher. Edward received the degree of Bachelor
of Arts at Yale in 1822 and that of Master of Arts
in course. His theological studies were pursued at
the Andover and Vale Seminaries, and while attend-
ing the latter (1825-26) he served as a Tutor
in the Academic Department. His first call was
to the Park Street Church, Boston, in 1826, and in
1830 he accepted the Presidency of Illinois College
which he held for a number of years. He was again
summoned to Boston in 1844 and occupied the
Pastorate of the Salem Street Church until 1855,
when he accepted a call to the Congregational
church in Galesburg, Illinois, and labored there for
the succeeding fifteen years. For a number of
years he was Professor of Exegesis at the Chicago
Theological Seminary. Retiring from the ministry
in 1872 he settled in Brooklyn, New York, and de-
voted the remainder of his active years to literature.
His death occurred in 1895. ^^f- Beecher was a
regular contributor to the Christian Union, and the
author of two works on the Ages, which touch upon
doctrinal statements as to the origin of human
depravity, and created considerable discussion at
the time of their publication. In 1841 he received
the degree of Doctor of Divinity from Marietta
College.

HADLEY, James, 1821-1872.

Born in Fairfield. N. Y., 1821 ; graduated at Yale,
1842; studied theology; was a Tutor at Middlebury
and afterward at Yale; was Assistant Professor of
Greek 1848-1851 when he succeeded President Woolsey
as full Professor, occupying that Chair for the rest of
his life ; lectured at the Yale Law School and also at
Harvard ; was President of the American Oriental
Society, 1870-1872; member of the American Philo-
logical Association and of the National Academy of
Sciences; member of the American Committee for the
revision of the New Testament; and a frequent con-
tributor to the reviews ; died in New Haven, Conn., 1872.

JAMES HADLEY, LL.l)., Professor of (Jreek at
Yale and Law Lecturer at Harvard, was born
in Fairfield, New York, March 30, 1821. He re-

JAMES H.4DLEY

ceived from his father, who was Professor of Clum-
istry in a Western New York Medical College, some
instruction in the sciences, and after completing the
regular course at the Fairfield .Academy, he acted as
an Assistant there for some time. Entering the
Junior Class at Yale he was graduated in 1842, re-
ceiving the degree of Master of Arts in course, and
subsequently studied theology. From September
1S44 to April 1S45, he was Tutor in Mathematics
at Middlebury College, \'ermont, and in the fall
of the latter year he returned to Yale as Tutor in
Classical History, remaining in tliat capacity until
1S51, when he was advanced to the .Assistant Pro-

IS2

UNIVERSITIES ANT) THEIR SONS

fessorship of Greek, and succeeiling President Theo-
dore D. Woolsey as full Professor in 1S58, he retained
that Chair until his death, which occurred in New
Haven, November 14, 1S72. Professor Hadleyalso
lectured in the Law 1 )cpartment of Yale and delivered
a course of lectures at the Harvard Law School in
1S70-1S71. He was President of the American
Oriental Society in 18 70-1 871, was a member of
the National Academy of Sciences and of the
American Philological Association, and served upon
the American Committee for the revision of the
New Testament. From Wesleyan he received the
degree of Doctor of Laws in 1866, and aside from
the distinction acquired as Professor and Lecturer,
he was widely known as a student of philology and
as a contributor to various reviews.

botanical garden for that ]iurpose, and was one of
the first to demonstrate the efficacy of chloroform,
his experience with that anaesthetic dating from
1831. For a number of years he was President of
the New Haven Horticultural and Pomological
Societies, both of \vhich he founded, also held the
Presidency of the Connecticut and American Medi-
cal Associations, the former of which gave him his
Medical degree in 181 1, and he was an earnest
supporter of emancipation, education and temper-
ance. Professor Ives died in New Haven, October

IVES, Eli, 1779-1861.

Born in New Haven, Conn., 1779; graduated at Yale,
1799 ; assisted in establishing the Medical Department,
1813; Lecturer there some years and a member of its
Faculty from its opening until his death ; died in New
Haven, i85i.

ELI IVES, M.D., one of the founders of the
Vale Medical School, and a member of its
Faculty for nearly fifty years, was born in New
Haven, Connecticut, February 7. 1779. His father
was Dr. Levi Ives, founder of the New Haven
Medical Society and one of the Editors of Cases
and Observations, probably the first medical jour-
nal issued in the Llnited States. The son was a
student at Yale, taking his Bachelor's degree in
1 799 and his Master's some time later. While
preparing for the medical profession he acted as
Rector of the Hopkins Grammar School, New
Haven. Entering into practice with his fither, he
attained prominence in his profession and was
associated with Professor Benjamin Silliraan the
elder in promoting and organising the Medical
Department of Yale, with which he was actively
identified for the rest of his life. At its opening in
18 13 he took the .Adjunct Professorship of Materia
Medica and Botany which he held until 1820, was
in charge of that Department until 1829, and
Professor of Theory and Practice until 1S52 ; when
he assumed the Chair of Materia Medica and
Therapeutics, and in the following year became
Professor "Emeritus." From 1820 to 1829 he
lectured on the diseases of children. In his prac-
tice he carefully investigated the therapeutic value
of indigenous vegetable remedies, maintaining a

ELI IVES

8, 1 86 1. He was among the early contributors to
the Journal of Science and published an adilress
delivered before the New Haven Horticultural
Society.

LANGSTROTH, Lorenzo Lorraine, 1810-
1895.

Born in Philadelphia, 1810 ; educated at Yale, grad-
uated 1830; Tutor there, 1834-1836; entered the Con-
gregational ministry and held a number of Pastorates:
Principal of a young ladies' school in Philadelphia
some years; established himself as an apiarian at Ox-
ford, Ohio, in 1858 and published an interesting book
on bee-keeping ; died, 1895.

LORENZO LORRAINE LANGSTROTH, M.
A., Tutor at Yale, was born in Philadelphia
December 25, 1810. Entering Vale Class of 1830

UNIIERSITIES .IND THEIR SONS

183

lie took liis l!;ichelor"s dt-grce at gnuluation aiul
that of Master of Arts in course. He was a Tutor
in the College from 1834 to 1836, and after the
completion of his theological studies officiated as
Pastor of a number of Congregational Churches in
Massachusetts. Returning to Philadelpliia in 1848
he was for some years Principal of a school for
young ladies in that city. He settled in Oxford,
Ohio in 185S, turning his attention to the raising
of honey bees, and establishing extensive apiaries,
became widely known as an expert in the handling
of these profitable insects. Mr. Langstroth died in
1895. He invented the movable comb hive, and
published an interesting and widely read work
entitled : The Hive anil the Honey Bee.

LIVINGSTON, Philip, 1716-1778.

Born in Albany, N. Y , 1716; graduated at Yale,
1737; prominent New York merchant prior to the
American Revolution; Alderman of New York City;
member of the Provincial Assembly, Provincial and
Continental Congresses and of the first State Senate ;
aided in founding King's College, the New York
Society Library and the New York Hospital; founded
the Livingston Professorship of Divinity at Yale ;
died in York, Penn , 1778.

PHILIP LIVINGSTON, M.A., founder of the
Livingston Professorship of Divinity at Yale,
was born in Albany, New York, January 15, 17 16.
He was a son of Philip and Catherine (VTn Brugh)
Livingston, and a grandson of Robert, the founder
of the family in .America. He received his Bache-
lor's degree at Yale in 1737 and that of Master of
Arts in course, and in 1746 was one of the fifteen
college-bred men then residing in the Colony of
New York. Successful as a merchant and distin-
guished as a statesman and patriot Philip Livingston
was, for a period of forty years, one of the foremost
public men of New York. His correspondence
with Edmund Burke, Colonial Agent in London,
afforded that statesman the opportunity of furnish-
ing the knowledge concerning Colonial affairs so
effectually displayed by him in the British House
of Commons. He rendered valuable services as
Alderman of New York City; delegate to the Stamp
Act Congress, Speaker of the Provincial .Assembly,
President of the Provincial Congress, member of
the Continental Congress, a signer of the Declara-
tion of Independence, and a member of the first
State Senate. He was one of the promoters of
King's College, (now Columbia) and of the New

York Society Library, also of the New York
Chamber of Commerce and the New York Hospi-
tal, of which he acted as one of the first Governors.
His beneficence in founding a Professorship of
Divinity at Yale in 1746, supplied a long felt want,
and the Livingston Chair became one of the most
useful in the College. Philij) Livingston died in
York, Pennsylvania, June 12, 1778.

KINGSLEY, James Luce, 1778-1852.

Born in Windham, Conn., 1778; graduated at Yale,
1799; Tutor there, 1801-1812; Librarian, 1805-1824;
member of the Faculty forty-si.x years, and Professor
" Emeritus " the rest of his life ; scholar and writer of
repute and Historian of Yale ; died in New Haven, 1852.

JAMES LUCE KINCiSLEY, LL.D., Tutor and
Professor at Yale, was born in Windham,
Connecticut, .August 28, 1778. Beginning his

JAUtES L. KINGSLEY

classical studies at Williams, he completed them at
Yale in 1 799 and after teaching school for two
years returned to the College as a Tutor, serving in
that capacity until 18 12. In 1805 he was ap-
pointed Professor of Ecclesiastical History and of
Hebrew, Greek and Latin, the latter Chair having
been established that year, and he retained the

iS4

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

former ProffSsorslii|i until 1817. He was also
chosen Librarian in 1805 holding that oftice until
1824. In 1831 he was relieved of the Hebrew and
Greek Departments, thus enabling him to devote
his efforts solely to the Latin Language and Litera-
ture, which he continued to teach until 1851,
when he became Professor " Emeritus." Professor
Kingsley tiled in New Haven, August 31, 1852.
He acquired a wide reputation both as a linguist
and a writer, and besides the degree of Master of
Arts, which he received from Yale in course, that
of Doctor of Laws was conferred upon him by
Middlebury in 1831. Besides editions of Tacitus
and Cicero, he published a discourse on the two
hundredth anniversary of the Settlement of New
Haven ; a history of Yale College in the American
Quarterly Register and wrote the life of President
Ezra Stiles for Sparks' American Biography.

NOYES, James, 1640 1719.

Born in Newbury, Mass., 1640; graduated at Har-
vard, 1659; Pastor at Stonington, Conn.; aided the
Volunteers in the Narragansett War against King
Philip; Trustee of Yale, 1701-19; died in Stonington,
Conn., 1719.

JAMES NOYES, M.A., the oldest of the origi-
nal Trustees of Yale, was the second son of
Rev. James Noyes, a prominent ^Lassachusetts min-
ister, and was born in Newbury, Massachusetts,
March 11, 1640. He was graduated from Harvard
in 1659 and in 1664, at the invitation of a commit-
tee from the town of Stonington, Connecticut, he
began to preach as a licentiate. Ten years later a
church was formally organized and he was ordained
its first Pastor, preaching there until his death forty-
five years later. Only two unusual events distin-
guished his life ; in 1676 he aided the volunteers in
the Narragansett War against King Philip and in
recognition of his services, both as physician and
minister, the General Court granted him an equal
share of land with tlie volunteers. He was a lead-
ing minister of the Colony, and, because of his age
and the respect in which he was held, his name
gave great weight to the list of Trustees of the new
College. Rev. James Noyes married Dorothy,
daughter of Thomas Stanton, the famous Indian
interpreter. They had two daughters and five sons,
one of whom, Rev. Joseph Noyes, was a Tutor at
Yale, and Pastor of the Old First Church in New
Haven. Rev. James Noyes died at Stonington,
December 30, 17 19.

KNIGHT, Jonathan, 1789-1864.

Born in Norwalk, Conn., 1789; graduated from Yale,
1808 and from the Medical School of the University of
Pennsylvania, 1813; Tutor at Yale, i8io-i8ii ; Professor
of Anatomy and Physiology, 1813-1838 and of Surgery
for the rest of his life ; Lecturer on Obstetrics, 1820-1829 ;
President of the American Medical Association; Di-
rector of the Connecticut General Hospital ; assisted
in establishing the Knight Military Hospital at New
Haven, 1864; died, 1864.

JONATHAN KNIGHT, M.D., Medical Professor
at Yale, was born in Norwalk, Connecticut,
September 4, 17S9. He was a son of a physician
of the same name wlio served as a Surgeon's mate

JONATHAN KNIGHT

in the War for Independence and afterward prac-
tised in Norwalk. After graduating from Yale
(180S) the son taught in Norwalk and New London
for about two years, was a Tutor at Yale while pur-
suing preliminary medical studies, and took his
medical degree at the University of Pennsylvania in
1813. He located for practice in New Haven, and
was called the same year to the Chair of Anatomy
and Physiology at the Yale Medical School, which
he occupied until 1838, when he took the Professor-
ship of Surgery, continuing in that capacity until
his retirement as Professor " Emeritus " the year of
his death. He died August 25, 1S64. He was
also Lecturer on Obstetrics from 1820 to 1829.
Aside from his College duties and his private prac-

UNIIKRSITIES ^ND THEIR SONS

185

tice, he was for a long time connecleil with the
Connecticut General Hospital as Surgeon anil
Director, and was instrumental in establishing in
1864 the New Haven Military Hospital which was
named in his honor and was President of the Amer-
ican Medical Association for the years 1853-1854.
Professor Knight received the degree of Master of
Arts from Vale in course, and that of Doctor of
Medicine in 181 8.

LATHROP, John Hiram, 1799-1866.

Born in Sherburne, N. Y., 1799; graduate of Yale,
1819 ; Tutor there, 1820-1826 ; admitted to the Bar, but
resumed educational work; Professor at Hamilton;
President University of Missouri; Pres. University of
Indiana ; Chancellor University of Wisconsin, and
again President University of Missouri ; died, 1866.

JOHN HIRAM LATHROP, I.L.D., 'lutor at
Yale, was born in Sherburne, Chenango county,
New York, January 22, 1799. He was a graduate
of Yale Class of 1819, and held a Tutorship in the
College till 1S26, when he was admitted to the liar
but almost immediately gave up the practice of law,
giving preference to educational pursuits, teaching
in Norwich, Vermont, and Gardiner, Maine. In
1829, he became Professor of Mathematics and
Natural Philosophy at Hamilton, later taking the
Chair of Ethics, Law, Civil Polity and History and
in 1840 was chosen President of the ITniversity of
Missouri. Elected First Chancellor of the Lhiiver-
sity of Wisconsin in 1849, he retained that post until
called to the executive Chair of the University of
Indiana. Resigning the latter post in i860 to take
the Professorship of English Literature at the Uni-
versity of Missouri, he was again elected its Presi-
dent in 1865 and died in office August 2, of the
following year. President Lathrop received the
degree of Doctor of Laws from Hamilton in 1845.
He published a number of addresses relating to
advanced education.

LITTLE, Robbins, 1832-

Born in Newport, R. I., 1832 ; graduate of Yale,
1851 ; Tutor in Greek there till 1854; studied at the
Harvard Law School ; practised in New York City ;
Instructor in the United States Naval Academy, 1865-
i86g ; Examiner of Claims at the War Department,
1873-1878; Superintendent and Trustee of the Astor
Library, N.Y., 1887-96.

ROBBINS LITTLE, ^LA., LL.B., Tutor at
Yale, was born in Newport, Rhode Island,
February 15, 1832. He is the son of William Little
of Boston, and of Sophia Louisa (Robbins) Little,

distinguished for her poetic genius and benevolence.
His maternal grandfather was United States Senator
.■\sher Robbins of Rhode Island. Graduating at
Yale with the Class of 1851, he acted as Tutor in
Greek there till 1854, and subsequently pursued the
regular course at the Harvanl Law School. Locating
in New York City, he was for a time associated in
practice with William Winthrop, and accepting the
post of Instructor in International Law at the United
States Naval .Academy, Annapolis, in 1865, he served
in that capacity until 1869. He entered the War
Department at Washington in 1S73 as an Examiner
of Claims, and remained there until 1878, in which
year he was chosen Superintendent of the Astor
Library, in New York City, and afterwards became
a Trustee. While in charge of the Library he was
enabled through the increased endowment by the
grandson of its founder, to enlarge its collection and
improve its facilities for research, especially by the
publication of a new printed catalogue. Mr. Little
received the degree of Master of Arts from Yale in
course, and that of Bachelor of Laws from Harvard
in TS70.

LYMAN, Joseph, 1749-1828.

Born in Lebanon, Conn., 1749; graduated at Yale,
1767; Tutor there, 1770-71 ; entered the Congregational
ministry; preached in Hatfield, Mass., fifty-six years;
an outspoken patriot during the Revolutionary War ;
an early promoter of home and foreign missions ;
died in Hatfield, Mass., 1828.

JOSEPH LYMAN, D.D., Tutor at Yale, prior to
the War for Independence, was born in Leba-
non, Connecticut, April 14, 1749. He was a grad-
uate of Yale, Class of 1767, returned to the College
as a Tutor, serving in that capacity in 1770 and
I 7 71, while studying theology, and receiving ordina-
tion to the ministry at Hatfield, ALassachusetts in
1772, was Pastor of the Congregational Church
there for the rest of his life, which terminated
March 27, 1828. His outspoken defence of the
American cause during the Revolutionary period
was bitterly resented by the Tory element in his
congregation. Missionary work, both home and
foreign, found in him a zealous promoter and* a
liberal contributor, and he held the Presidency of
the Hampshire Missionary Society, and of the
American Board of Foreign Missions, the latter in
1 82 3. In 1 80 1 Dr. Lyman received the degree of
Doctor of Divinity from Williams. He published
seventeen occasional sermons delivered between the
years 1774 and 182 1.

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

ADAMS, William, 1807-1880.

Born in Colchester. Conn., 1807; graduated from
Yale 1827 and from the Andover (Mass.) Theological
Seminary 1830; preached in Brighton, Mass., 1831-
1S34; was Pastor of the Central, afterward the Madison
Square Presbyterian Church, New York City, 1834-
1873 ; President of the Union Theological Seminary
from 1873 until his death ; a Trustee of Princeton from
1873 ; died, 1880.

W II. I.I.AM ADAMS, D.D., LL.D., Trustee of
Princeton, was born in Colchester, Con-
iieLticut, January 25, 1807. He was a son of John
Adams, LL.D. and Elizabeth (Ripley) Adams, the

\MI,1.IA.\1 .'\1M.MS

former of whom was Principal of the Colchester
Academy until 1810, when he went to Phillips-
Andover Academy in the same capacity, and the
latter was a descendant of Governor Bradford
of the Plymouth Colony. Fitting for College at
Andover and graduating from Yale in 1827, he
completed his theological course at the Andover
Seminary in 1830, and his first Pastorate was in
Brigliton, Massachusetts, where he remained three
years. In 1834 he began his labors in New York
City as Pastor of the Central, afterward the Madison
Square Presbyterian Church, and retained his Pas-
toral connection with that society for nearly forty
years. In 1873 he was called to the Presidency of
the Union Theological Seminary, New York City, in

addition to which he occupied tlie Chair of Sacred
Rhetoric, and the rest of his life was devoted to
these duties. President .Adams dieil at Orange
Mountain, New Jersey, .August 3, 18S0. He be-
longed to the new school of Presbyterians and in liis
later years labored earnestly for Church iniity. He
made two visits to Scotland, as representative of the
American Assembly to that of the Scottish churches,
and as a delegate from the Evangelical Alliance to
the Emperor of Russia, he succeeded in securing
religious liberty for the Dissenters from the Greek
Church in the Baltic provinces. Besides holding
the Presidency of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign
Missions and that of the New York Institution for
the instruction of the deaf and dumb, he was
prominently identified with the American Board of
Foreign Missions, the American Tract and Bible
Societies, and was instrumental in founding the
Young Men's Christian Association. The degree of
Doctor of Divinity was conferred upon him by the
University of the City of New York in 1842, and in
1869 he was made a Doctor of Laws by Prince-
ton, of whicli he was a Trustee for the last seven
years of his life. President Adams was the author
of: The Three Gardens: Eden, Gethsemane and
Paradise ; a Biographical Sketch of Isaac Taylor,
prefacing the Spirit of Hebrew Poetry ; Thanks-
giving, Memoirs of the Day and Helps to the Habit ;
Conversations of Jesus Christ with Representative
Men; and edited the works of Robert Hall, (four
volumes).

BAYARD, John, 1738-1807.

Born in Bohemia Manor, Md., 1738 ; became a prom-
inent merchant of Philadelphia; took an active part in
the exciting events preceding the Revolutionary War
and served as an officer during that struggle ; member of
the Continental Congress; Mayor of New Brunswick,
N. J., in 1790; Judge of the Court of Common Pleas
for Somerset county, that state ; and a Trustee of
Princeton, 1778-1807; died, 1807.

JOHN B.AY.ARD, Trustee of Princeton, was born
at Bohemia Manor, Cecil county, Maryland,
August II, 1738. He was of French Huguenot
ancestry and a great-great-grandson of Samuel
Bayard, a merchant of Amsterdam, who married
a sister of Peter Stuyvesant, the last Governor of
New Amsterdam. He received his business train-
ing in Philadelphia where he subsequently became
a prosperous merchant, and took an active part
in the exciting events which culminated in open
hostility against the British. He was one of the

UNIVERSITIES ANB THEIR SONS

187

signers of the Non- Importation Agreement of 1765,
joined the Sons of Liberty in 1766, was a member
of the Provincial Congress in i 7 74, of the Council of
Safety for the years 1775-177'^, commandeil a regi-
ment at the 15attles of lirandywine, Cermantown and
Trinceton and was complimented by Ceneral Wash-
ington for his gallantry in the last named engage-
ment, lie also furnished arms during the war and
jointly with a friend fitted out a privateer. In i 7S5
he was elected a member of the Continental Con-
gress. Ha\-iiig settled in New Brunswick, New
Jersey, after his retirement from business, he was

JOHN BAYARD

elected Mayor in 1790, and subsequently appointed
Presiding Judge of the Court of Common Pleas for
Somerset county. Colonel Bayard was actively in-
teresteil in the welfare of Princeton and served as a
Trustee from 1778 until his death, which occurred
January 7, 1S07.

BALDWIN, James Mark, i86i-

Born in Columbia, S. C 1861 ; received his early
education at private schools in Columbia; fitted for
College in the Salem Collegiate Institute at Salerii, N.
J.; entered Princeton in 1881. graduated in the Class
of 1884; studied in Leipzig, Berlin and Tubingen, 1884-
1885 ; returned to Princeton and studied in the Prince-
ton Theological Seminary, 1885-1887 ; appointed In-
structor in Modern Languages in Princeton, 1886;

Professor of Philosophy in Lake Forest University,
1887; Professor of Logic and Metaphysics in the Uni-
versity of Toronto, 1889 ; Professor of Experimental
Psychology at Princeton, 1893, the title of the Chair
being changed to Stuart Professorship of Psychology
in 1897.

J.\Mi:S iM.\RK B.M.DWIN, Ph.D., Stuart I'ro-
fessor of Psychology at Princeton, was born in
Columbia, South Carolina, January 12, 1861, son of
Cyrus Hull and I.ydia ICunice (Ford) Baldwin. On
the paternal side he is descended from an old ling-
lish family living in Dundridge, Buck's coimty,
England, where their records extend in one un-
broken line, back to 1552. Descendants of this
family came to America, and in Colonial times were
living in Milford and Watertown, Connecticut.
Professor Baldwin's father went to South Carolina
before the war of secession, was Collector of the
Port of Charleston in the first administration of
President Grant, and during Grant's second admin-
istration, and the succeeding one of President Hayes,
he was United States' Sub-Treasurer stationed at
Charleston. Professor Baldwin's education, for the
first sixteen years of his life, was obtained in private
schools in Columbia, South Carolina. He then en-
tered Salem Collegiate Institute at Salem, New
Jersey, where he was fitted for College, entering the
Sophomore Academic Class in Princeton i8<Si. He
was graduated as valedictorian of his Class in 1884,
taking also the Chancellor Green fellowship in men-
tal science. This year he went abroad and took a
special course of study in mental and moral science
and philosophy at Leipzig, Berlin and Tubingen,
remaining there until 1885 ; when he returned to
Princeton and spent two years of study in the Prince-
ton Theological Seminary, 1885 to 1887. He was
appointed Instructor in Modern Languages in
Princeton in 1S86, and the next year was called to
the Professorship of Philosophy in Lake Forest Uni-
versity. This chair he filled until 1889, when he
became Professor in Logic and Metaphysics in the
University of Toronto. Four years after, in 1S93,
he returned to Princeton as Professor of Experi-
mental Psychology, which Chair he continues to fill,
the title however, having been changed in 1897, to
Stuart Professorship of Psychology. Professor Bald-
win has published a number of works on Psychology,
his translation of Ribot's (German Psychology ap-
pearing in 1887, Handbook of Psychology, 2 vol-
umes (2nd ed. 1S91); Elements of Psychology;
Mental Development in the Child and the Race
(4th ed. 1899), and French and German transla-
tions of the last-named work in 1897-9S. 'I'hen

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

followed Social and I'^thical Intcrpietations in Men-
tal Development (2nd ed. i<S99, with French and
German editions in 1889). His latest books are
Story of the Mind, 1899 (Italian edition, 1890) and
I'hilosojjhy and Life, 1S90 ; Editor-in-Chief of the
Dictionary of Philosophy and Psychology, called by
his name, Editor Princeton Contributions to Psy-
chology, from Volume I, 1895, and has also con-
tributed articles to various American, English, Ger-
man, French and Italian journals. In 1892,
Professor Baldwin was Vice-President International
Congress of Psychology, London, of which he is a

he is an Independi-nt, favoring tariff reform, civil ser-
vice reform, international arbitration, and the gold
standard. He was married November 22, 1888, to
Helen Hayes Green, daughter of Professor William
Henry Green, President of Princeton Theological
Seminary. They have two children : Helen Green,
and Elizabeth Ford Baldwin.

BERRIEN, John.

Was a resident of New Jersey ; served as an officer
in the War for Independence ; was closely identified
with the interests of Princeton, 1763-1772.

JOHN BERRIEN, Trustee and Secretary of
Princeton prior to the Revolution, resided in
New Jersey. The place of his nativity as well as
the date of his birth cannot be ascertained, and but
little is known of his life and character, beyond the
fact that he served with some distinction in the
struggle for American Independence, and held a
Major's commission in the Continental Army. It
can be safely inferred that he was equally prominent
in civil affairs and that he took more than an ordi-
nary interest in the higher education of his fellow
men, as he was a member of the Board of Trustees of
Princeton from 1 763 to 1 772, and served as Secretary
during the years 1 766-1 767. His son, John
McPherson Berrien, who was born in New Jersey,
August 23, 1781, and graduated at Princeton at the
unusually early age of fifteen years, became a promi-
nent lawyer of Georgia, was Judge of the Eastern
District, State and United States Senator, and
Attorney-General in President Jackson's Cabinet.

J. MARK BALDWIN

permanent member of the Council ; member Jury
of Award, World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago,
in 1893 ; Honorary President International Con-
gress of Criminal Anthropology, Geneva, in 1896 ;
Co-E;ditor and Founder of the Psychological
Review ; Associate Editor of Johnson's Universal
Cyclopaedia ; President American Psychological Asso-
ciation, 1897. He also holds the gold medal of the
Royal Academy of Science and Letters of Denmark,
(awarded 1897, in the Section of Literature). He
is a member of the .American Philosophical Society
(of Philadelphia) ; of the American Psychological
Association ; of the American Society of Naturalists ;
of the Institut International de Sociologie (elected in
1S99) ; of the Cliosophic Literary Society of Prince-
ton ; and a member of the Nassau Club. In politics

BEATTY, Charles, 1715-1772.

Born in Ireland, 1715; ordained to the Ministry,
1742; was actively engaged in missionary work among
the Indians; a Trustee of Princeton 1763-1772; col-
lected funds for the support of the College; died, 1772.

CHARLES BEATTY, A.M., Trustee and Bene-
factor of Princeton, was born in County
.■Xntrim, Ireland, about the year 1715. He acquired
a classical education prior to his arrival in .America,
which he reached in a destitute condition after a
prolonged passage, and while engaged in peddling
he chanced to meet at Neshaminy, Pennsylvania,
the founder of the Log College, Rev. William
Tennent, who perceiving his intellectual attainments
induced him to study for the ministry with a view of
becoming a missionary. He accordingly pursued a

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

189

theological course, was ordained in 1742 and in
the following year took charge of the Presbyterian
Church at Neshaniiny Forks. He was subsequently
engaged in missionary work among the Indians, and
while serving as Chaplain of Franklin's expedition
to the Northwest frontier, he secured a full atten-
dance at the daily religious services by following
the Commander's advice, which was to dispense the
daily allowance of grog immediately after prayers.
In his later years Mr. Beatty devoted considerable

the welfare and prosperity of Princeton, of which he
was a Trustee from 1804 to 1809, and he was made
a Doctor of Divinity by that institution in 1810.

CARNAHAN, James, 1775-1859.

Born in Penn., 1775; graduated at Princeton, 1800;
studied theology; Tutor at Princeton; licensed to
preach ; Pastor at Whitesboro and Utica, NY.; Pres-
ident of Princeton, 1823; President of the Board of

Trustees of Princeton Theological Seminary ; Trustee
time to collecting funds to relieve the necessities of of Princeton; died in Newark, N. J., iCsg.
Princeton. He went to the West Indies for that

purpose and died of yellow fever at Bridgetown.
Barbadoes, August 13, 1772. His Journal of Two
Months Tour Among the Frontier Inhabitants of
Pennsylvania was printed in London in 176S, and
a letter to the Rev. John Erskine wherein he ad-
vances the theory that the Aborigines of America
are descendants of the lost Hebrew tribes was also
published.

CONDICT, Ira, 1764-1811.

Born in Orange, N. J., 1764; educated at Princeton;
entered the ministry as Pastor of the Churches in
Newton, Hardwick and Shappenack, N. J. ; Pastor of
the Reformed Dutch Church in New Brunswick, N.J.,
1794-181 1 ; Trustee of Princeton, 1804-1809 ; Professor of
Moral Philosophy at Queen's (now Rutgers) College,
and Vice-President 1809 until his death in 181 1.

IRA CONDICT, D.D., Trustee of Princeton, was
born in Orange, New Jersey, February 21,
1764. He was graduated at Princeton in T7S4, and
while studying theology was engaged in teaching
school at Monmcjuth, New Jersey. In 17S7 he was
ordained to the ministry, and for the succeeding
seven years had charge of the Presbyterian churches
in Newton, Hardwick and Shappenack, New Jersey.
He was called to the Reformed Dutch Church in
New Brunswick, New Jersey in 1794, and retained
that Pastorate until his death, which occurred June i,
1811. In 1807, he succeeded in re-opening Queen's
College (now Rutgers) having been aided in his ef-
forts by contributions from the various Reformed
churches in that neighborhood and for the first two
years of its renewed existence he acted as President
pro tem. anil had charge of the advanced class. De-
clining the Presidency in 1809, he accepted the
Vice-Presidency in conjunction with the Professor-
ship of Moral Philosophy, and as the nominal Presi-
dent was otherwise employed, he was practically in
charge of the Executive Department for the rest of
his life. Dr. Condict was also actively interested in

JAMES CARNAHAN, ninth President of Prince-
ton, was born in Cumberland county, Penn-
sylvania, November 15, 1775; "-I't'l i» Newark,

JAMES CARNAHAN

New Jersey, March 3, 1859. Graduating at Prince-
ton in 1800, he spent a year in theological study
under Doctor John McMillan at Cannonsburg,
Pennsylvania, and for two years succeeding was a
Tutor at Princeton. Resigning in 1803, he was
licenseil by the Presbytery of New Brunswick at
Baskingridge in April, 1804 and for a time preacheil
in the vicinity of Hackettstown, Oxford and Knowl-
ton. New Jersey. In January 1S05 he was ordained
Pastor of the United Churches of \\'hitesboro and
Utica, New V'ork, remaining there until 1814. Fol-
lowing this period he taught school for nine years,
until 1823, when he was elected and inaugurated

\()0

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

President of rrinccton, in whicli capacity he served
until 1S54. In 1S43 lie was elected President of the
Board of Trustees of Princeton Theological Seminary.
On his retirement from the Presidency he was chosen
a Trustee of the College, and continued in this ofiRce
until his death.

DAVIES, Samuel, 1724-1761.

Born near Summit Ridge, Del., 1724; educated at
Blair's Seminary; licensed to preach, 1746; went to
England to solicit funds for the College of N. J.; in-
strumental in establishing the Presbytery in Virginia;
President of Princeton, 1759; died in Princeton, N. J.,
1761.

SAMUEL DAVIES. fourth President of Prince-
ton, was born near Summit Ridge, New-
castle county, Delaware, November 3, 1734, of

SAMUEL UAVIIiS

parents who were of AA'elsh descent. He was edu-
cated at home and in Rev. Samuel Blair's Seminary
at Fagg's Manor. In 1746 he was licensed to
jireach by the Newcastle Presbytery, and in the
following year was ordained as an evangehst and
sent to Hanover county, Virginia. Although the
enmity of the civil authorities made this a difficult
field, he was successful in his labors, and he soon
obtained, through the influence of the C'lovernor, a
license to officiate' at four different places of wor-

ship about Hanover, which was subsequently ex-
tended to three additional churches. In 1753 he
went to iMigland, in company with Gilbert Tennent,
to solicit funds for the College of New Jersey — a
mission which resulted successfully. .After his return
he was instrumental in establishing the first Presby-
tery in Virginia. In 1758 he was chosen President
of Princeton, as successor to Jonathan Edwards, but
declined the honor. In 1759 the Presidency of the
College being again urged upon him, he was
prevailed upon to accejit, but his death a year and
a half later cut short his term of office and ended a
career that was full of promise. Mr. Davies pub-
lished many sermons and essays, and also wrote
verses of merit. He died in Princeton, P'ebruary 4,
I 761.

HUNTER, Andrew, 1752-1823.

Born in Virginia, 1752; graduated at Princeton, 1772;
entered the ministry, 1773; Brigade Chaplain in the
Revolutionary War; Professor of Mathematics and
Astronomy at Princeton, 1804-08; Trustee, 1788-1804;
appointed Chaplain in the Navy, 1810; died in Wash-
ington, D. C, 1823.

ANDREW HUNTER, A.M., Professor and
Trustee of Princeton, was born in Virginia
in 1752, son of an officer in the British service. He
was educated at Princeton, graduating in 1772 and
receiving his Master's degree later. Entering the
ministry by virtue of a license granted him by the
Philadelphia Presbytery, he was engaged in mission-
ary work until joining the Continental Army as
Brigade Chaplain, and for his meritorious services
at the Battle of Monmouth, he was thanked publicly
by General Washington. Subsequent to his dis-
charge from the army he turned his attention to
educational pursuits and in 1794 became Principal
of a school in the neighborhood of Trenton, New
Jersey. From 1804 till 1808 he was a mem-
ber of the Faculty of Princeton, occupying
the Chair of Mathematics and Astronomy, was
Principal of the Bordertown Academy for a short
time, and in iSio accepted an appointment as
Chaplain in the United States Navy. His devotion
to Princeton was forcibly manifested whenever
ojiportunity permitted, and for sixteen years he
served upon its Board of Trustees. Andrew
Hunter's death occurred at the National Capital,
February 24, 1823. His wife w.as a daughter of
Richard Stockton, one of the signers of the Declar-
ation of Independence. One of his sons, David,
graduated at the United States Military Academy,

UNll'ERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

191

rose to llie rank of CajUain in the rcgukir army
and was Major-General of Volunteers during tlie
Civil War. Anotiicr son, Lewis Boudinot Hunter,
served as Surgeon in the navy (iuring the Mexican
and Civil Wars, was Fleet Surgeon under Admiral
Porter in the latter struggle, rose to the rank of
Medical Director and was retired as a Commodore
in 1S7 1.

HUMPHREYS, Willard, 1867-

Born in New York, 1867; fitted for College in Brook-
lyn Polytechnic Institute ; studied for one semester in
i885 at the University of Berlin ; and for one semester
in 1887 at the University of Heidelberg ; graduated
Columbia with the degree of A.B , Class of 1S88; im-
mediately after graduation entered the School of Law
and the School of Political Science at Columbia, and
the Medical School of New York University; received
the degree of A.M. from Columbia in 1889, and that of
Ph.D. from Columbia and M.D. from the New York
University in i8go; admitted to the New York Bar in
1890; taught school in New York for a year, and prac-
tised law in that city for a year and a half; went to
Princeton as Instructor in Latin, 1892 ; made Assistant
Professor of German in 1894; Professor of the German
Language and Literature in 1897 ; was Editor of the
Columbia Law Times, Associate Editor of the Medico
Legal Journal, and Secretary of the Medico-Legal
Society.

WILL.'VRD HUMPHREYS, Ph.D., M.D., Pro-
fessor of (ierman Language and Litera-
ture at Princeton, was born in New York, June 15,
1867, son of h. Willard, and Mary (Cunningham)
Humphreys. On the paternal side he is of English
origin, being a tlirect descendant of Jonas Humph-
rey, who was born in Wendover, England, about
1580, and settled in Dorchester, Massachusetts, in
1637. His great-grandfather was Colonel William
Humphrey, an officer in the Revolutionary Army.
His maternal grandfather was a Scotchman. His
primary education was obtained in a public school
in Hanover, Germany, and he afterwards attended
the Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute. He entered
Columbia in 1884 and was graduated with the
degree of Bachelor of Arts, in the Class of 1888,
having spent the summer semesters of 18S6 and
18S7 at the Universities of Bedin and Heidelberg.
He then entered the School of Law and the School
of Political Science at Columbia, and at the same
time became a student in the Medical School of
New York University. He received the degree of
Master of Arts from Columbia in 1889, and in 1S90
was awarded the degree of Doctor of Philosophy
from Columbia and that of Doctor of Medicine from

the New \'ork Uni\'i-r>it\-, and ;it the same time was
admitted to the New \'ork Bar. After teaching
school in New York for a year he practised law in
that city for a year and a half. In 1892 he resigned
the practice of law to resume the profession of
teaching, and went to Princeton as Instructor in
Latin. He was made Assistant Professor of German
in 1894, and in 1897 accepted his present position,
that of Professor of the German Language and Lit-
erature. Professor Humphreys has been Editor of
the Columbia Law Times ; Associate Editor of the
Medico-Legal Journal ; and Secretary of the Mcdico-

VVILLARD HUMl'HREVS

Legal Society. He was also a member of the Psi
Upsilon Club, the Sons of the Revolution, the Re-
form Club, and the Union League Club of New
York. He has published Selections from (,)uintus
Curtius and an Edition of Schiller's Jungfrau von
Orleans. He has taken no part in jiublic life. In
June 1898, he was married to Mary Pnnce, of New
York City.

LEYDT, John, 1718-1783.

Born in Holland, 1718 ; emigrated to America when
young ; entered the ministry, 1748 and was Pastor of
the united churches of New Brunswick and Six Mile
Run, N. J., the rest of his life; an earnest Revolution-
ary patriot; Trustee of Princeton, 1760-66; one of the

192

UNIVERSITIES JND THEIR SONS

founders and a Trustee of Queen's (now Rutgers!
College; died, 1783.

JOHN LKVDT, one of the early I'rustees of
Princeton, was born in Holland in 1718.
Arriving in America when young, he located in
the neighborhood of Fishkill, Dutchess county,
New York, and subsequently studying theology was
ordained to the ministry in 1748. His only Pastor-
ate was that of the united churches of New Bruns-
wick and Six Mile Run, New Jersey, and he retained
it until his death, in 1783. During the conference
between the Conferentic and the Coetus he earnestly
supported the latter, believing the best interests of
religion demanded separation from the Reformed
Church of Europe and the domestic education of
its ministers. The movement for American Inde-
pendence found in him a steadfast patriot, and in
his freedom-inspiring sermons he fearlessly exhorted
young men to take up arms against tyranny and
oppression. From 1760 to 1766 Mr. Leydt served
as a Trustee of Princeton and assisted in organizing
Queen's (now Rutgers) in 1770, acting in a similar
capacity for that College. His published works
consist of : True Liberty the Way to Peace ; A
Defence, of same, and a number of pamphlets on
the church controversy previously alluded to.

former extended from 1807 until the year of his
death. His wile was Jane, daughter of John Bay-
ard, of Bohemia Manor. His son, Littleton Kirk-

ANDREW KIRKI'ATRICK

KIRKPATRICK, Andrew, 1756-1831.

Born in New Jersey, 1756 ; graduated at Princeton,
1775 ; admitted to the Bar, 1785 ; member of the Legis-
lature, 1797; Associate Justice of the Supreme Court
six years and Chief Justice twenty-one years; Trustee
of Princeton, 1807-1831 ; died, 1831.

ANDREW KIRKPATRICK, A.M., Trustee of
Princeton, was born in Mine Brook, New
Jersey, February 17, 1756. He was a son of David
Kirkpatrick, a Scotchman, who came to .'\merica in
1726. Graduating from Princeton in i 775 he was
afterwards an Instructor in the Grammar- School
connected with Rutgers and having finished his
legal studies was admitted to the Bar in 1785. He
located in Morristown, New Jersey, where he rapidly
acquired a high reputation and an extensive practice.
In 1797, he was elected to the Legislature but was
shortly afterward elevated to the Supreme Bench
where he continued as an Associate Judge for six
years, and as Chief-Justice for twenty-one years.
Judge Kirkpatrick died in New Brunswick, New
Jersey, January 7, 1831. He received the degree
of Master of Arts both from Princeton and Rutgers,
the latter in 1783, and his Trusteeship of the

patrick, Princeton, 1815, was a member of Congress
in 1843-45, and two of his grandsons occupied
seats upon the Supreme Bench of New Jersey.

LIBBEY, William, 1855-

Born in Jersey City. N J., 1855; received his early
education at the Brooklyn Collegiate and Polytechnic
Institute, and from private tutors; graduated Prince-
ton, Class of 1877; received degrees of M.A. and Sc.D.
from Princeton in 1879; took graduate study at Prince-
ton, under Professor Arnold Guyot, then went abroad
and studied in the University of Berlin, and in the
College de France, Paris ; was made Assistant Pro-
fessor of Natural Science at Princeton, in 1882 ;
Professor of Physical Geography and Histology, and
Director of the E. M. Museum of Geology and Arch-
aeology, in 1883.

WILLIAM LIBBEY, A.M., D.Sc, Professor
of Physical Geography at Princeton, was
born in Jersey City, New Jersey, March 27, 1855,
son of William and Elizabeth (Marsh) Libbey. On
the paternal side lie is of English descent, through
John Libbey, an ancestor who came from England
in 1630 and settled on Richmond Island, in Maine.
Other members of the Libbey family were natives of

UNiri'.KsrriEs and tiikir sons

'93

Ne\v Hampshire (princi|)ally of Scarborough and 1S79 ; CJeological Society, London 1S79; Gcolog-

Rye, New Hampshire) down to William Libbey ical Society, Paris 18.S0; Clcographical Society,

father of the subject of this sketch, who was born Paris 1880; one of the Founders of the American

in New York in 1820. Professor L.ibbey's early Naturalists Society; fellow of the American Asso-

educaiion was obtained at the IJrooklyn Collegiate ciation for the Advancement of Science ; mem-

and Polytechnic Institute, and from (irivate Tutors. ber American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia,

He graduated from Princeton in the Class of 1S77, American Geographical Society, New York, Amer-

and then look special graduate courses at Princeton
under Professor Arnold (luyot, receiving the degrees
of Master of Arts and Doctor of Science in 1879.
He also studied abroad, s]iending a year at the
University of Berlin and the College de France,

WILLIAM LIBBEY

Paris. In 1882 he was made Assistant Professor of
Natural Science at Princeton, and since 1883, has
been Professor of Physical Geography and Histol-
ogy, and Director of E. M. Museum of Geology and
Archffiologv. He has held various offices, and is a
member of numerous societies among which are the
following: Foreign Corresponding Secretary Amer-
ican Geographical Society 1887 ; Vice-President
American Society Naturalists 1892-1895 ; Direc-
tor Physical Investigations United States Fish
Commission 1888-1892 ; Director Geological Mu-
seum Princeton 1883 ; Director, Secretary and
Treasurer Princeton Water Company 1880; Direc-
tor Princeton Savings Bank 1S90; Trustee First
Presbyterian Church, Princeton 1881 ; Sons of the
Revolution ; Royal Geographical Society London
VOL. 11. — 13

ican Society Naturalists, Geographical Society
Philadelphia, National (leographic Society, Wash-
ington ; corresponding member of tlie Academy of
Natural Science, Philadelphia and the New York
Academy of Science, New York Historical Society,
New Jersey Historical Society. He is the author of
numerous scientific and literary articles in magazines
and daily papers, and the leader or member of
scientific expeditions in various parts of the L'nited
States, Alaska, Hawaii, Cuba, (Jrcenland, Russia,
etc. In politics he is an Independent Democrat.
He was married December 7, 1880, to Mary Eliza-
beth Green. They have had four children : Eliza-
beth Marsh, William Henry (Ireen, George Kennedy
and Amy Morse Libbey.

MASON, John, 1734-1792.

Born in Linlithgowshire, Scotland, in 1734 ; studied
at Abernethy; Assistant Professor of Logic and Moral
Philosophy in the same institution; Pastor in N. Y.
City; Moderator of the Associate Reformed Church;
Trustee of Princeton ; received the D.D. degree from
Princeton, 1786; died in N. Y. City, 1792.

JOHN M.-\SON, D.D., 'I'rustee of Princeton, was
born in Linlithgowshire, Scotland, in 1743.
At the early age of twelve he was pursuing theolog-
ical studies at Abernethy, and at twenty-four he was
Assistant Professor of Logic and Moral Philosophy
in the institution at which lie had graduated. Or-
dained to the ministry in 1761, he was sent to this
country to take charge of the Cedar Street Church
in New York City. Here he labored for the union
of the Presbyterians into one denomination, believ-
ing that the causes which divided them in Scotland
did not exist in the LTnited States. F"or this he in-
curred the displeasure of the Scotch Synod, resulting
in his suspension by that body ; but he persevered,
and in 1782 a general union of the Reformed Presby-
terians was effected under the name of the Associate
Reformed Church, of which Dr. Mason was the first
Moderator. He received the liegree of Doctor of
Divinity in i 7S6 from Princeton, of which institution
he was a Trustee from 1779 to 1785. He labored
for thirty years in his first and only Pastorate, and
died .April 19, i 792.

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

PARROTT, Thomas Marc, 1866-

Born in Dayton, Ohio, 1866 ; prepared for College at
Deaver Collegiate Institute in Dayton, and at Morris
Academy in Morristown, N. J. ; graduated from Prince-
ton, with degree of B.A., in 1888; taught for two years
at Miami University, in Oxford, Ohio; went abroad
and spent three years in the study of English, German
and Philosophy, at Leipzig University, receiving de-
gree of Ph.D. in 1893; was University Fellow in Eng-
lish at Princeton, 1833 189} ; Under-master in English
and German at Lawrenceville, 1894-1896; since 1896
Assistant Professor of English at Princeton.

THOMAS MARC PARROTT, Ph.D., Assist-
ant Professor of English at Princeton, was
born in Dayton, Ohio, December 22, 1866, son of

T. M. P.4RR0Tr

Col. Edwin Augustus and Mary May (Thomas)
Parrott. On the paternal side the family was orig-
inally of New England origin, with a strain of Irish
blood coming in with the Sullivans ; while his
mother's family were of English descent, from the
borders of Wales, intermingled with the New Eng-
land blood of the Fishers and Mays. His early
education was obtained at various schools, princi-
pally at the Deaver Collegiate Institute in his native
town, and at Morris Academy at Morristown, New
Jersey. He was graduated from Princeton as a
Bachelor of Arts, in the Class of 1888, and for two
years immediately after graduation was a teacher at
Miami University in Oxford, Ohio. The next three
years were spent abroad where he took a course of

study in English, German and Philosophy at the
University of Leipzig, Germany, receiving his degree
of Doctor of Philosophy in 1893. After these three
years of study in Germany, he returned to America
in 1S93, and was University Fellow in English at
Prmcelon from 1893 to 1894. From 1894 to 1896
he was Under-Master in English and German at
Lawrenceville, and since 1896 has been Assistant
Professor of English at Princeton. Mr. Parrott is a
member of the Nassau Club. In politics he is a
Republican, with a leaning toward the Independents.

PATERSON, William, 1745-1806.

Born at sea, in 17115; graduated at Princeton, 1763 ;
studied law and admitted to the Bar; member of the
N.J. State Constitutional Convention; Attorney-Gen-
eral and a member of the Legislative Council ; delegate
to the Continental Congress; delegate to the National
Constitutional Convention; U. S. Senator; Governor
of N. J.; Justice of the U. S. Supreme Court; received
the LL.D. degree from Harvard, 1806; died in New
Brunswick, N. J., 1806.

WILLIAM PATERSON, LL.D., one of the
founders of the Cliosophic Society at
Princeton, was born at sea, in 1745, and when two
years old was brought to this country by his parents,
who were natives of Ireland. He was graduated
at Princeton in 1763, and after studying law with
Richard Stockton was admitted to the Bar in 1769.
In 1776 he was made a member of the New Jersey
State Constitutional Convention, and later in the same
year he became Attorney General for the State and
a member of the Legislative Council. He was after-
wards successively a delegate to the Continental
Congress, 1780-1781, delegate to the National
Constitutional Convention in 1787, United States
Senator in 17S9 until his resignation in March 1790,
and became Governor of New Jersey in 1791. In
I 793 he was appointed by Washington a Justice of
the United States Supreme Court, in which capacity
he served until his death, which took place while
on a visit to his son-in-law, General Stephen Van
Rennsalaer, at New Brunswick, New Jersey, Septem-
ber 9, 1806. Judge Paterson was honored by
Harvard by the bestowal of the degree of Doctor
of Laws in 1806.

RICHARDSON, Ernest Gushing, 1860-

Born in Woburn, Mass., i860; fitted for College at
Woburn High School; graduated Amherst, Class of
1880; studied for the ministry at Hartford Theological
Seminary, and graduated in 1883: was Librarian and
Instructor in Hartford Theological Seminary, 1883-

UNIVERSITIES JND THEIR SONS

195

1S85 ; Librarian and Associate Professor of Bibliology

in the Seminary, 1885-go ; was appointed Librarian of
Princeton in 1890.

ERNEST GUSHING RICHARDSON, Pli.H.,
Librarian of Princeton, was born in Woburn,
Massachusetts, February 7, i860, son of James Gush-
ing and Lydia Bartlett (Taylor) Richardson. On his
father's side he is a descendant of Captain Edward
Johnson (the author of " Wonder-working Provi-
dence"), the Cottons and the Cushings. Among
his maternal ancestors were the Lebarons, Bartletts
and Warrens. The first John Cotton and the first

ERNEST GUSHING RICHARDSON

minor offices in the American and in the New
Jrrsey Library .\ssociations, in tiie American Society
of Church History, etc., and is a member of tlic
American Historical Association, the Phi Beta Kappa
and tlic Nassau Club of Princeton. .Xmong his
pubhshed writings are : Bibliographical Synopsis of
tlie Ante-Nicene Fathers, 18S7 ; Prolegomena and
Translation Flusebius' Life of Constantine, 1890;
Prolegomena and Translation Jerome and Genna-
dius' Lives of Illustrious Men, 1892 ; Critical edition
of Hieronymus and Gennadius I)e \'iris Inlustribus,
Leipsic 1897, and Monographs on The Golden Le-
gend ; Faust and the Clementine Recognitions and
College and University Libraries and the following
papers in the proceedings of the .American Library
Association and the Library Journal : Classification of
Theology; King Leo's Classification ; Encyclopaidia
and Librarians ; Why Librarians Know ; Hours of
Opening Libraries ; Library Clocks ; .Antediluvian
Libraries; Reference Books (now being re-i)ubli.shecl
as chapter in Library Handbook published by Bureau
of Education at Washington ) and various other
papers on the Qualifications of a Librarian, on
Printed Catalogues, Mechanical Devices, etc., re-
ports on School for Librarians, on Glasgow meeting
of the Library Association of the LTnited Kingdom,
etc., notes, etc. He has also written various tech-
nical library and Bibliographical articles and a num-
ber of historical papers. Mr. Richardson received
the degree of Master of Arts from Amherst in 1883
and from Princeton in 1S96, also the degree of Doc-
tor of Philosophy from Washington and Jefferson in
1887. He was married June 30, 1891, to Grace
Duncan, daughter of Z. Stiles Ely, Esq., of New
York.

Gushing were graduates of Cambridge, England,
while several Cushings, a Cotton, and a Lebaron
graduated from Harvard. He was fitted for College
at the Woburn High School, and graduated from
.Amherst in the Class of 18S0. He then spent three
years in the study of theology in Hartford Theo-
logical Seminary, graduating in 1883. He was
appointed Librarian and Instructor in the Semi-
nary in 18S3 and two years later was promoted to
be Librarian and Associate Professor of liibliology.
In 1890 he went to Princeton as Librarian, a posi-
tion he continues to fill. He has made several
bibliographical journeys for the study of European
libraries, archives and manuscripts anil offers a post-
graduate course in Pateography and Text-criticism
in the University. i\Ir. Richardson has held various

ROCK"WOOD, Charles Greene, Jr., 1843-

Born in New York City, 1843; prepared for College
at Newark Academy, and at the private school of F. A.
Adams, of Orange, N. J., graduated at Yale with the
degree of A.B., Class of 1864 ; took post-graduate work
in the Sheffield Scientific School, receiving the degree
of Ph. D. in 1866; taught in S. A. Farrand's Collegiate
Academy in New York City, 1866-68; Professor of
Mathematics and Natural Philosophy in Bowdoin,
1868-73; went to Rutgers as Professor of Mathe-
matics and Astronomy, January 1874 ; since 1877 has
been Professor of Mathematics in Princeton. He re-
ceived the honorary degree of Master of Arts from
Yale in 1867, from Bowdoin in 1869, and from the Col-
lege of New Jersey in i8g6.

CHARLES GREENE ROCKWOOD, Jr.,
Ph.D., Professor of Mathematics at Prince-
ton, was born in New York City, January 11, 1843,

196

UNIVERSIIIES AND THEIR SONS

sou of Charles Greene and S.irah (Smith) Rockwooil.
On the paternal side he is descended from Richard
Rockwood, a planter of Dorcliester in 1636, through
Ebenezer Rockwood, M.D., of Harvard 1773, and
a Surgeon in the Revolutionary Army. Among his
long line of ancestors, prominent before and during
the: Revolutionary times, were : Lieutenant Henry
Adams of Medfield, Massachusetts, killed by the
Indians at the burning of Medfield in 1676; Elder
John Whitney (1592-1673) of Watertown, Massa-
chusetts, through whom he traced an unbroken
descent from William the Conqueror and Charle-

C. G. ROCKWOOD, JR

magne ; John Vermilye of New York, a member of
Governor Leisler's Council, 1689; Matthew Clark-
son, Secretary of the Province of New York from
1690 to 1702 ; the Rev. Daniel Emerson of HoUis,
New Hampshire, a Harvard graduate of 1739, and a
Chaplain in the French War, 1755 to 1758 ; Samuel
Hazard of Pliiladelphia, 1713-175S, one of the first
Trustees of the College of New Jersey, and Ebenezer
Hazard, a Princeton graduate of 1762, who was
an Historian and the Postmaster General of the
United States from 1782 to 1789. In his early
youth Professor Rockwood was a student in the
College of the City of New York from 1857 to 1858,
at Newark Academy from 1858 to 1859 and at the
private school of F. A. Adams in Orange, New

Jersey, from 1859 to i860. He graduated from
Yale as a Bachelor of Arts in the Class of 1864, and
is a member of the Phi Beta Kappa. The two years
succeeding graduation he spent in New Haven, pur-
suing a course of study in the higher mathematics
and modern languages, and received the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy in 1866. In September 1866,
he took up the business of teaching in S. A. Farrand's
Collegiate Academy, New York City, where he re-
mained, holding the position of Vice- Principal, until
the summer of 1868. He was then elected Pro-
fessor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy in
Bowdoin, Brunswick, Maine, and entered on his
duties there in September. In 1872 the title of
his Chair was changed to Professor of Mathematics.
On January i, 1874, he resigned, to accept the Pro-
fessorship of Mathematics and Astronomy in Rut-
gers, New Brunswick, New Jersey, which he retained
until 1S77. I" 1S77 he was elected Professor of
Mathematics in the College of New Jersey, and
began his duties at Princeton in September. He
still retains the same position, but with the growth
of the College his duties have been restricted to the
John C. Green School of Science, which is the Scien-
tific School of Princeton. In 1 898 he was elected
Clerk of the School of Science Faculty. In 1878
he was a member of the Princeton Expedition to
observe the Solar Eclipse at Denver, Colorado ; and
in the summers of 1889, 1890 and 1891 he took
part in the investigation of submarine temperatures
in the Gulf Stream, carried on under the United
States Fish Commission. He received the honorary
degree of Master of Arts from Yale in 1867, from
Bowdoin in 1869 and from the College of New
Jersey in 1896. He has published : Daily Motion
of a Brick Tower Caused by Solar Heat, (Proc.
A.A.A.S., 187 1, and Am. Jour. Sci. 1871) ; fifteen
annual papers on American Earthquakes, (Am. Jour.
Sci., 1872-1886) ; sundry other papers on related
topics, mostly in .American Journal of Science ; tlie
reports on Vulcanology and Seismology in Smithso-
nian Reports for 1884 and 1885 ; and numerous
other short articles, signed and unsigned, in scientific
journals. As the above list would indicate, he has
been especially interested in Seismology, and in
1886 he was called to Washington by the Director
of the United States Geological .Survey, to assist in
the preliminary investigation of the Charleston
Earthquake. He is a fellow of the .'American .Associa-
tion for the .Advancement of Science ; member of
the Metrological Society, National Geographic Soci-
ety, .American Mathematical Society, New Jersey

UNIVERSITIES ANB THEIR SONS

'97

Historical Society, American Historical Association,
Saint Nicholas Society of New York City, Sons of
the Revolution and Society of Colonial Wars, of the
Nassau Club of Princeton and the Princeton Science
Club. He was married June 13, 1S67, to Hetty
Horsford Smith. They have one child, Katharine
Chauncey Rockwood.

WESTCOTT, John Howell, 1858-

Born in Philadelphia, Penn., 1858; fitted for College

at Germantown Academy, Philadelphia ; entered
Princeton, 1874; graduated with degree of A.B., in
Class of 1877 : studied in Leipzig University, 1877-
1878; then in Paris 1878-1879 ; studied law in Phila-
delphia, partly at the University of Pa. ; admitted to
Bar in Philadelphia in 18S1 ; taught in Germantown
Academy for half a year before entering College, and
again, 1879-1880 ; practised law in Philadelphia, 1881-
1885; appointed Tutor in Latin at Princeton 1885;
Instructor in French 1887; received degree of Ph.D.
from Princeton, 1887; promoted to Assistant Professor
of French, 1888 ; Professor of Latin, 1889 ; went abroad
and studied in Leipzig again, 1892 ; since 1892 has been
Musgrave Professor of Latin and Tutor in Roman
Law.

JOHN HOWELL WKSTCOTT, Ph. D., Musgrave
Professor of Latin and Tutor in Roman Law,
at Princeton, was born in Philadelphia, Pennsyl-
vania, August 3, 1858, son of John Howell and
Mary (Dunton) Westcolt. He is descended on
the paternal side from early inhabitants of Cum-
berland county, New Jersey ; on his mother's side
from a Cromwellian cavalry Captain who came
to America about the time of Charles H. His
mother's grandfather was William Rush, the sculp-
tor, of Philadelphia, cousin of Benjamin Rush, one
of the signers of the Declaration of Independence.
In his early youth he was taught by his father, and
also spent six years at the Germantown Academy in
Philadelphia. He taught school for six months
before going to College ; entered Princeton in 1874,
and graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Arts,
in 1877. He then went abroad and spent one year
(i877-]87S) in study in Leipzig LTniversity. In
1878, he went to Paris and studied there until the
following year, when he returned to America and
taught school again for a year (1879-1880) in Ger-
mantown Academy. He studied law in Philadel-
phia, taking part of his course at the University of
Pennsylvania, and was admitted to the Bar in r88t.
He entered upon the practice of his profession in
Philadelphia in the same year, and remained there
until 1885, when he went to Princeton as Tutor in

Latin. In i,S,S7 lie received the degree of Doctor
of Philosoiihy from Princeton, and was also ai>
pointed Instructor in French at the University,
being promoted to Assistant Professor of French in
1888. He was made Professor of Latin in 1889.
He again went abroad and spent part of the year
1892 in study at Leipzig University, after which he
returned to Princeton to accept the chair he now
fills, that of Musgrave Professor of Latin and Tutor
in Roman Law. Professor U'estcott has published
editions of parts of Livy, Aulus Gellius, Martial, and
selected letters of Pliny. He is a member of the

J. H. WESTCOIT

American Philological .Association, of the Nassau
Club of Princeton, and of Phi Pjeta Kap])a. In
politics, he is a Republican, but with a tendency to
independent voting. He was married, July 9, 1S95,
to Edith Flagg Sampson. They have two children :
John Howell Jr., and Lilian Vaughan Westcott.

\A/'ARREN, Howard Crosby, 1867-

Born in Montclair, N. J., 1867: fitted for College in
private schools in Montclair and Bloomfield, N. J.;
graduated Princeton, with degree of A.B., Class of
1889; was Instructor at Princeton, 1890 1891 ; took post-
graduate work and mental science fellowship at Prince-
ton, receiving the degree of A.M. in 1891 ; studied in
German Universities. 1891-1893; made Demonstrator
in Experimental Psychology at Princeton, 1893 ; pro-

198

UNIVERSiriES AND THEIR SONS

moted to Assistant Professor of Experimental Psy-
chology in i8g6.

HOWARD CROSBY WARREN, A.M., Assist-
ant Professor of K.xpcriinental Psychology
at Princeton, was born in Montclair, New Jersey,
June 12, 1867, son of Dorman Tlieodore and Har-
riet (Crosby) Warren, both parents being natives
of Massachusetts. On the paternal side he is of
Norman English ancestry. He was fitted for Col-
lege in private schools in Montclair and liloomfield,
New Jersey, and graduated from Princeton, with the
degree of Bachelor of Arts in the Class of 18S9.
He afterwards took post graduate work and the

HOWARD C. WARREN

mental science fellowship at Princeton, and during
that time was also an Instructor in the College.
He received the degree of Master of Arts from his
Alma Mater in 1891, and that year went abroad
and spent two years in study in German Universi-
ties. In 1893 he returned to Princeton as Demon-
strator in Experimental Psychology, and since 1896
has been Assistant Professor of the same branch of
science. Since 1894 he has been compiler of the
Psychological Index, in 1896 and 1897, Assistant
Editor of the American Naturalist, and since 1895
collaborator of the Annt§e Psychologique. He has
also written articles for the Psychological Review,
and contributed to Johnson's Encyclopaedia. He is
unmarried.

WILLSON, Frederick Newton, 1855-

Born in Brooklyn, N. Y., 1855; received his early
education at the Troy N. Y. Academy; graduated
from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, N. Y.,
with the degree of C.E., in the Class of 1879; previous
to graduation had taught in the Troy Academy, as In-
structor in Mathematics, 1872-1789; was acting Pro-
fessor of Mathematics in Lake Forest University,
1879-1880; Foreign Correspondent, Drexel, Morgan &
Company, till December 1880; went to Princeton as
Instructor in Graphics January 1881 ; appointed to
Professorship of Descriptive Geometry, Stereotomy
and Technical Drawing in Princeton, 1883, a Chair he
continues to fill; received honorary degree of A.M.
from Princeton, in 1896; has been Elder in First Pres-
byterian Church of Princeton, New Jersey, since May
30, 1886.

FREDERICK NEWTON WILLSON, C.E.,
M.A., Professor of Descriptive Geometry,
Stereotomy and Technical Drawing at Princeton,
was born in Brooklyn, New York, December 23,
1855, son of Thomas Newton and Mary Caroline
(Evarts) Willson. On the paternal side he is de-
scended from Colonel John (" Burgess ") Willson,
who for twenty-seven years represented Augusta
county in the House of Burgesses, Virginia. Colonel
John Willson's great-grandson was James S. Willson,
of Rockbridge county, Virginia, who married Tirzah
Humphreys, daughter of David Carlisle Humphreys
and Margaret Finley, niece of President Samuel
Finley of Princeton. Their son, Thomas Newton
Willson ( Professor Willson's father) graduated from
Washington and Lee in 1848, and was later Pro-
fessor of English in the Rensselaer Polytechnic In-
stitute. On the maternal side Professor Willson is
descended from John Evarts, who came from Eng-
land to Concord, Massachusetts, in 1638, and in
1649 settled in Guilford, Connecticut. Professor
Willson did not begin to attend school until his
thirteenth year, when he entered the Troy Academy.
He was for six months (1S71) Assistant Bookkeeper
in the Troy City National Bank, and from 1872
until 1S79 was Instructor in Mathematics at the
Troy Academy, during part of which time he also
took the course at the Rensselaer Polytechnic, enter-
ing in the Sophomore year with the Class of 1878.
He was graduated witli the degree of Civil Engineer
with the Class of 1S79, having given a year between
his Junior and Senior courses entirely to teaching.
The year immediately following graduation he was
Acting Professor of Mathematics in Lake Forest
University, Illinois. This position he resigned to
accept an appointment as Foreign Correspondent
with the firm of Drexel, Morgan & Company. lu

UNIVERSITIES JND TJIEIR SONS

199

Decemlier 1880 he accepted a call to Princeton to
start a Department of Graphical Science. In 1883
a new Professorship was created for him, that of
Descriptive Cleometry, Stereotomy and Technical
Drawing, a Chair he still holds, (1899). He re-
ceived the honorary degree of Master of Arts from
Princeton in June 1896. In 1897 Professor Will-
son published his Theoretical and Practical Graphics,
a work that has won the highest commendation,
from such eminent authorities as Sir Robert S. Ball,
of Cambridge University, England, and late Astron-
omer Roval of Ireland ; Francis Rulenux, Director

occurred on July 28, 1895, when he married Anna
Russell Albertson, daughter of Amos Albertson of
Asbury Park. They have two children : Elizabeth
and .Mbert Newton W'illson.

FREDERICK N. WILLSON

of the Royal Polytechnic, Berlin ; Thurston, Halsted
and other well-known writers. Professor Willson
has been an Elder in the First Presbyterian Church
of Princeton, New Jersey, since May 30, 1886. He
is a member of the American Society of Mechanical
Engineers, and of the American Mathematical
Society ; an associate, American Society Civil En-
gineers ; a fellow of the American Association for
the Advancement of Science, and a corresponding
member of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and
Sciences. On May 22, 1884, he was married to
Mary Hewes Bruere, daughter of Joseph H.
Bruere, of Princeton, New Jersey. They had four
children : Mary Louise, Grace Bruere, Edith Evarts
and Alice Holmes Willson. His second marriage

RICE, John Holt, 1777-1831.

Born in New London, Va , 1777 ; educated at Liberty
Hall Academy; studied medicine and theology;
Tutor in Hampden Sidney College, 1801 ; Pastor at
Cut Creek, Va.; founded the Christian Monitor;
Editor of the Virginia Evangelical and Literary Mag-
azine ; Moderator of the General Assembly at Phil-
adelphia ; invited to take the Presidency of Princeton
but preferred to accept the Professorship of Theology
at Union Theological Seminary at Hampden Sidney
College; received the D.D. degree from Princeton;
died in Hampden Sidney, Va , 1831.

JOHN HOLT RICE, D.D., who was elected
President of Princeton but declined the honor,
was born in New London, ^'irginia, November 28,
1777, and was educated at Liberty Hall Academy,
near Lexington. He studied medicine and theology,
served as Tutor in Hampden Sidney College in 1801
and became Pastor of the Presbyterian Church at
Cub Creek, Charlotte county, Virginia, in 1804,
having been licensed to preach the previous year.
The Episcopalians and Presbyterians had wor-
shipped together in Richmond, Virginia, tmtil 181 2,
when they separated and Dr. Rice was called to
minister to the new Presbyterian congregation. He
founded the Christian Monitor in 18 15, and from
1818 until 1 8 29 he edited the Virginia Evangelical
and Literary Magazine. He was Moderator of the
General Assembly at Philadelphia in 1819. In 1822
he was invited to take the Presidency of Prince-
ton, but preferred to accept the Chair of Theology
in the Union Theological Seminary at Hampden
Sidney College which was simultaneously offered
him, and which he held until his death. He was a
fine preacher and obtained considerable gifts for
his seminary by his eloquent itineraries. He pub-
lished, besides sermons, pamphlets and occasional
articles. Historical and Philosophical Considerations
on Religion, a collection of letters addressed to
President Madison, which he had originally com-
municated anonymously to the Southern Religious
Telegraph. They were intended to demonstrate
that religion was a proper subject for the efforts of
statesmen as a necessary factor in national pros-
perity. Dr. Rice was made a Doctor of Divinity
by Princeton in 1819. He died at Hampden
Sidney, Sejnember 3, 1831.

200

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

ADRAIN, Robert, 1775-1843.

Born in Ireland, 1775; took part in the rebellion of
1798 ; came to the United States and turned his atten-
tion to educational pursuits ; was Professor at Queen's,
Rutgers and Columbia, and the University of Penn-
sylvania; Vice-President of the latter, and a noted
writer of his day ; died, 1843.

ROBERT AURAIN, LL.U., member of the
Faculty of Columbia, was born in Carrick-
fergus, Ireland, September 30, 1775. Having re-
ceived a serious wound while participating in the
Irish Rebellion of 1798, he took refuge in the
United States, and adopting educational pursuits as
a means of livelihood he taught schools in New
Jersey and Pennsylvania for some years. His
numerous articles published in the scientific periodi-
cals of the day, brought him to the notice of the
authorities of Queen's College, who called him to
the Chair of Mathematics in 1809, and in 18 13 he
went to Columbia as Professor of Natural History,
holding that chair until 1820 and for the succeeding
five years he was Professor of Astronomy. From
1825 to 1827 he was again a member of the Faculty
at Queen's College, which had then become known
as Rutgers, and in the latter year was appointed
Professor of Mathematics at the University of Penn-
sylvania, of which he was Vice-President from
1828 to 1834. He was Editor of the Mathematical
Diary from 1825 to 1829, edited Hutton's Mathe-
matics and published essays on the figure and
magnitude of the earth and upon gravitation. Pro-
fessor Adrain received the honorary degree of
Doctor of Laws from Columbia in 1818. He died
in New Brunswick, New Jersey, August 10, 1843.
His son, Garnett B., was born in New V^ork City,
December 20, 1816, and died in New Brunswick,
August 17, 1878, was an able lawyer and a mem-
ber of Congress from New Jersey two terms.

CLINTON, DeWitt, 1769-1828.

Born in Little Britain, N.Y., 1769; graduated at
Columbia, 1786; studied law and admitted to the Bar;
private Secretary to his uncle. Gov. George Clinton;
Secretary of the Board of Regents of the State Uni-
versity ; Secretary of the Board of Commissioners of
State Fortifications ; organized and took command of
an artillery company ; member of the New York House
of Representatives and Senate ; member of the Gov-
ernor's Council; U. S. Senator; Mayor of N. Y. City;
Lieut. -Governor ; member of the Council of Appoint-
ments ; appointed one of the Commissioners to survey
a route for a canal from the lakes to the Hudson
River; Governor of N. Y. ; received LL D. degree

from Rutgers, 1812, from Ohio University, 1825, and
from Columbia, 1826; died, 1828.

D i:\VITT CLINTON, LL.D., Regent of
Columbia, was born in Little Britain, New
Windsor, Orange county. New York, March 2,
1769. His father was General James Clinton, a
distinguished Revolutionary soldier, and a member
of the Constitutional Convention. He was a de-
scendant of William Clinton, who served under
King Charles I., and fled to Ireland after the defeat
of the Royalist party. The latter's grandson, —
Charles Clinton, who was the common ancestor of all
the Clintons in the United States, in company with
others, chartered a ship upon which they embarked
for America in May 1729, and after enduring much
hardship at the hands of the captain, who by cut-
ting off the food supply compelled the passengers
to pay him a large sum of money before he would
permit them to land, they were at length put ashore
on Cape Cod in October of the same year. In the
spring of 1731 he, with others of the party, settled
in I'Ister county. New York, upon a site located
six miles west of the Hudson River and sixty miles
north of New York City. Charles Clinton was a
farmer and a surveyor, was a Justice of the Peace,
and County Judge, served as Lieutenant-Colonel in
the LUster County Militia, and held a similar com-
mission in Oliver DeLancy's regiment, which served
under Colonel Bradstreet at the siege and capture
of Fort Frontenac. His four sons were : .Alexander,
a graduate of Princeton, and a physician ; Charles,
a Surgeon in the army which took Havana m 1762 ;
James, the father of DeWitt ; and George Clinton,
who was born in Little Britain, July 26, 1739, and
died in Washington, District of Columbia, April 20,
181 2. The latter studied law, and soon after en-
tering into practice was given a clerkship by the
then Colonial Governor, Admiral George Clinton.
As a member of the New York Assembly he took
sides with the Colonists against the crown, was a
member of the second Continental Congress, and in
1776, at the urgent demand of General Washington,
he accepted the appointment of General of Militia.
He was subsequently commissioned a Brigadier-
General in the Continental Army, assisted in fram-
ing the first state constitution ; was elected first
Governor of the state in 1777, and again in 1780,
continuing in office by successive elections until 1795;
was once more chosen Governor in i8ot, and was
Vice-President of the United States from 1804 until
his death. In 1787, Governor Clinton assisted in
quelling Shay's Rebellion in Massachusetts and by

UNjyKRsrriKS and ■vufar sons

20l

quick and vigorous action succeeded in saving the
frontier settlements from the disasters i)f a threat-
ened Indian out-break. As early as 1791 he re-
commended to the Legislature the building of the
Erie Canal, and his entire occupancy of the guber-
natorial chair was marked by an energetic and
progressive policy. His nephew, DeWitt Clinton,
was graduated from Columbia in 1786, pursued his
law studies with Samuel Jones of New York City
and was admitted to the Bar in 1788. Preferring
politics to the practice of his profession he entered
actively into public affairs as a Republican, and
previous to the adoption of the Federal Constitution
he wrote in answer to the " Federalist " a series of
papers under the signature of " A Countryman."
He also reported for the press the debates in the
State Constitutional Convention. From 1790 to
1 795 he acted as Private Secretary to his uncle,
Governor George Clinton, during which time he
served as one of the Secretaries of the Board of
Regents of the State University, (Columbia), and
Secretary of the Board of Commissioners of State
Fortifications. After the close of his uncle's long
administration in 1795, he continued to champion
the Republican cause by opposing the acts of John
Jay and President John Adams. Yet while con-
demning the hostility of the Federalists towards
France he organized and took command of an
artillery company which stood ready for action
should war have ensued between the two nations.
He subsequently served in the State House of
Representatives and the Senate, was chosen a
member of Governor Jay's council, and while in
that body he succeeded in securing a constitutional
amendment giving to the council the right of nomi-
nation co-ordinate with that of the chief executive.
In the Senate he labored in behalf of many benefi-
cial acts, including public defence, the sanitary laws,
the encouragement of agriculture, manufactures and
the arts, the relief of prisoners for debt, the aboli-
tion of slavery in New York State, and also used his
influence for the introduction of steam for naviga-
tion. During his short occupancy of a seat in the
United States Senate in 1802, he made a powerful
speech against war with Spain, but resigned in the
same year to accept the office of Mayor of New
York City, which, with the exception of some three
or four years, he continued to hold until 181 5. He
was State Senator from 1805 to 181 1, in which
year he was chosen Lieutenant-Governor, holding
office for two years, and was also a member of the
Council of Appointments. At this time Clinton

was regarded as a prominent candidate of the
Republicans for the Presidency but on account of
his lack of sympathy with some of the acts of Presi-
dent Jefferson and the course of James Madison
prior to the War of 18 12, his own party began to
look upon him with distrust, and charged him with
verging toward Federalism. He was however nomi-
nated by the Republicans, but defeated by Madison,
and having sacrificed some of his prestige with his
own party without gaining much ground among the
Federalists, he retired from the I.ieutenant-tiover-
norship to continue his duties as Mayor of New

DEWirr CLINTON

York. His desire to improve the welfare of the
people by striving to relieve suffering, increasing
the facilities for public education, and the establish-
ment of institutions of science, literature and art,
together with the suppression of crime, and other
beneficial measures served to dispel in the minds of
his fellow citizens any suspicions they may have had
as to his loyalty. In 1809, he was appointed one
of the seven commissioners to survey a route for a
canal from the Hudson River to the lakes, and
after his removal from the Mayoralty of New York
by a Republican Council of Appointment, he was
free to give his undivided attention to this project,
which was practically a legacy left him by his
uncle. Having through his eloquence and persis-
tency secured in 1817, a Legislative Act authorizing

202

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

the immediate construction of the Erie and Cham-
plain Canal against the opposition of tliose who
considered the scheme as merely visionary, he was
on the strength of his new popularity thus acquired,
triumphantly elected Governor the same year by a
non-partisan vote, and on July 4, Governor Clin-
ton broke ground for the beginning of wliat was
then considered a gigantic undertaking. In 1S19,
he was re-elected by a small majority, and owing to
the adoption of some constitutional amendments
which he did not approve, he declined to become
a candidate in 1822. In 1S24, his opponents
succeeded in causing his removal as Canal Com-
missioner. This act of injustice so aroused the
fiiir-minded people of all parties that he was once
more elected Governor by a larger majority than
had hitherto been accorded to any of his prede-
cessors, and he was re-elected in 1826. DeWitt
Clinton died in office, but had the satisfaction of
being the principal figure in the ceremonies attend-
ing the opening of the Canal in 1825, and during
his memorable trip in a barge from Lake Erie to
New York City he was received with unbounded
enthusiasm all along the line. In 1825, he declined
the English mission which was tendered him by
President John Quincy Adams. He received the
degree of Doctor of Laws from Rutgers in 18 12,
from the Ohio University in 1825, and from Colum-
bia in 1826. Governor Clinton published Dis-
courses before the New York Historical Society ;
Memoir of the Antiquities of Western New York ;
Speeches to the Legislature ; and several literary
and historical addresses.

cated and being desirous of entering the military
service, was made an luisign in the Second Ulster
County Regiment. Wliile serving as a Captain in
the French and Indian War of 1756, he laid the
foundation of his reputation as a brave and efficient
officer, winning special distinction at the capture of
Fort Frontenac. He rose to the rank of Lieutenant-
Colonel in the British Colonial Service, which he
relinquished at the breaking-out of the Revolutionary
War, and in June 1775, was commissioned Colonek
of the Third New York Regiment. In the following
year he was advanced to the rank of Brigadier-
General in the Continental Army. As Commander
of Fort Clinton he stubbornly resisted with about
six hundred volunteers, an attack of about three
tliousand British regulars under General Sir Henry
Clinton, but was forced to evacuate by superior
numbers, receiving a severe wound from a bayonet
thrust and being the last man to leave the fort. He
was in active service during the entire war, com-
manding at Albany for some time. He participated
in the siege of Yorktown and was present at the
evacuation of New York. General Clinton was a
member of the New York Assembly, a delegate to
the Convention which adopted the Federal Con-
stitution, and served upon the commission appointed
to adjust the boundary line between New York and
Pennsylvania. During the early days of American
Independence he was actively identified with in-
ternal improvements and was one of the Regents of
King's College in 1784. His death occurred in
Little Britain, Orange county. New York, December
22, 1812.

CLINTON, James, 1736-1812.

Born in Ulster county, N. Y., 1736; entered the
Provincial Militia; served in the French and Indian
War in 1756 and distinguished himself at the capture
of Fort Frontenac ; rose to the rank of Brigadier-Gen-
eral in the Revolutionary War ; defended Fort Clinton
against a superior force in 1777 ; commanded at Albany
and was present at the siege of Yorktown and the
evacuation of New York; assisted in adjusting the
boundary-line between New York and Pennsylvania;
was a member of the Legislature and of the conven-
tion that adopted the Federal Constitution ; Regent of
King's College in 1774 ; died, 1812.

JAMES CLINTON, Regent of King's College,
was born in Ulster county, New York, August
Q, r736, third son of Charles Clinton, a native of
Ireland and the comiuon ancestor of the Clinton
family in the United States. He was liberally edu-

KING, Rufus, 1755-1827.

Born in Maine, 1755; graduated at Harvard, 1777 ;
served under General Sullivan in the Revolutionary
War ; acquired high rank as a lawyer ; member of the
General Court of Mass., 1783 ; of the Continental Con-
gress. 1784-85-86 ; delegate to the Federal Constitu-
tional Convention ; member of the New York Assembly,
1789 ; served several years in the United States Senate :
twice Minister Plenipotentiary to Great Britain; Fed-
eralist candidate for President in opposition to James
Monroe ; Trustee of Columbia, 1806 1824; died in New
York, 1827.

RUFUS KING, LL.D., Trustee of Columbia,
was born in Scarborough, Maine, in 1755.
eldest son of Richard King, a prosperous merchant
of that place. He took his Bachelor's and Master's
degrees at Harvard, the former in 1777, diligently
pursuing his studies while the College buildings

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

203

were being used by the Continental Army, then
recruiting in Cambridge. His law studies inter-
rupted by his service in the Rhode Island expedi-
tion under General Sullivan were duly completed,
and almost immediately after his admission to the
Bar he began to display that steding ability and
intellectual superiority which were the chief charac-
teristics of his long and public career. From the
Massachusetts General Court, to which he was
elected in 1783, he went in the following year as
a delegate to the Continental Congress at Trenton,
was a member of that body for the two succeeding

RUFUS KING

years, and in the session of 1785 he sounded the
key-note of abolition by introducing an Act pro-
hibiting slavery or involuntary servitude, except as
punishment for crime. As a delegate to the Federal
Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in 1787,
he assisted in making a final draft of the instrument
which, in spile of much opposition ultimately suc-
ceeded in binding the states together in one strong
confederation, and by his clear and forcible explana-
tion of its provisions succeeded in securing its ratifi-
cation by his own state. Relinqtiishing the practice
of law he took up his residence in New York City
in 1788, was elected to the Assembly of that state
in 1789, and subsequently to the United States
Senate, to whicli he was again elected in 1813, and

in 1819. From 1796 to 1803 he was Minister
Plenipotentiary to Great I?ritain, and was prevailed
upon by President John Quincy .'\dams to accept
the same mission in 1825, but his life of activity and
usefulness was rapidly drawing to a close, and finding
himself unable to withstand the fatigue attendant
upon his important position, lie only remained in
London a few months. Rufus King died in New
York, April 29, 1827. The degree of Doctor of
Laws was conferred upon him by Dartmouth in
1802, by Williams in 1803, by Harvard in 1806, and
by the University of Pennsylvania in 1815. He
accepted a Trusteeship of Columbia in 1S06, and
served upon the Board until 1824. He was a fel-
low of the American Academy, and corresponding
member of the Massachusetts Historical Society.

KISSAM, Richard Sharpe, 1763-1822.

Born in New York City, 1763; took his Medical
degree at the Edinburgh University, 1789 ; for thirty
years. Surgeon at the New York Hospital ; Professor
of Botany at Columbia, 1792-93; died, 1822.

RICHARD SHARPE KISSAM, M.D., Pro-
fessor of Botany at Columbia, was born in
New York City, in 1763. His early education was
acquired at Hempstead, Long Island, and his medi-
cal studies were pursued at the University of Edin-
burgh, Scotland, from which he was graduated in
17S9. He practised in the American metropolis
for thirty years, during all of which time he was
Surgeon at the New York Hospital, and left behind
him a brilliant record as a skilful operator, losing
but three cases of lithotomy out of sixty-five that
came under his treatment. Dr. Kissam was one of
the early American botanists and held the Professor-
ship of that study at Columbia about one year.
His death occurred in October 1822.

LIVINGSTON, Robert R.. 1746-1813.

Born in New York City, 1746; graduated at King's
College, 1765 ; admitted to the Bar, 1773 ; Recorder of
New York, 1773-1775 ; member of the Provincial As-
sembly and the Continental Congress; assisted in
drafting the Declaration of Independence : assisted in
framing the State Constitution; Chancellor of New
York, 1777-1801 ; Secretary of Foreign Affairs for the
Federal Government, 1781-1783 ; Chairman of the New
York Convention which adopted the Federal Constitu-
tion ; Minister to France, 1801-1805; interested with
Robert Fulton in applying steam power to navigation ;
first President of the American Academy of Fine

204

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

Arts ; Regent of the University of the State of New
York; died in 1813.

ROBERT R. I.IVINCJSTON, A.M., LL.D.,
Regent of the University of the State of
New York, now Columbia, wa.s born in New York
City, November 27, 1746. He was a great-grand-
son of the first Robert, grandson of the second
Robert and a son of Robert R. Livingston, who
married Margaret, daughter of Colonel Henry Beek-
man. Graduating from King's College in i 765 and
subsequently studying law, the second Robert R.
Livingston was admitted to the Bar in 1773, and

ROBERT R. LIVINGSTON

acquired a large practice. Like most of his kins-
men he was a conspicuous figure in the public affairs
of the Colonial, State and Federal governments
first as Recorder of New York City, which office he
held from 1773 to 1775, wlien he was deposed by
Governor Tryon on account of his suspected hostil-
ity to the Crown. As a member of the Provincial
Assembly he was chosen a delegate to the Conti-
nental Congress in 1775 ''"'"^^ selected as one of the
Committee of Five to draft the Declaration of In-
dependence, but was called home prior to the sign-
ing of that notable act by important business before
the Assembly, in which he occupied his seat on
July 8, 1776, when it was voted that the Province
should thenceforth be known as the State of New

York. He retained his seat in the Continental
Congress until 1777, was again a member from 1779
to 1 78 1, and having assisted in fraining the State
Constitution which was adopted by the Convention
at Kingston, in 1777, he was selected as first
Chancellor of the State, holding office until 1801.
In that capacity he administered the oath to Presi-
dent Washington. He labored diligently to secure
the ratification of the Federal Constitution by his
state, served as Federal Secretary of Foreign Affairs,
from 1 781 to 1783, declined other important
offices including the French mission in 1794, but
when in 1801 he was again solicited to represent
the United States at Paris, he accepted, resigning
the Chancellorship for that purpose, and during his
residence at the French Court, he was distinguished
among the diplomatic corps as being the favorite of
Napoleon Bonaparte, who honored the American
with his personal friendship. It was in Paris that
Livingston first met Robert Fulton, and becoming
interested in the latter's idea of applying steam-
power to navigation, he experimented upon the
Seine, and also upon the Hudson after his return to
America in 1805. After his retirement from public
affairs he devoted his time mainly to agriculture.
He was first President of the American .Academy of
Fine Arts, President of the Society for the Promo-
tion of the Useful Arts, a Trustee of the New York
Society Library, and one of the first Board of Re-
gents of the University of the State of New York,
which made him a Doctor of Laws. Mr. Living-
ston died February 26, 1813.

LIVINGSTON, John Henry, 1746-1825.

Born in Poughkeepsie, New York, 1746; graduated
at Yale 1762 and received his divinity degree at the
University of Utrecht, Holland, 1770; secured the
independence of the American Dutch Reformed
churches ; Pastor of the North Church, New York
City, 1770-1810: Professor of Theology at the Re-
formed Dutch Seminary, Flatbush ; Vice-President of
the first missionary society in New York; Trustee of
Columbia from 1784 to 1810, and Chairman of the
Board from 1801 to 1810 ; President of Queen's Col-
lege, now Rutgers, 1807 until his death.

JOHN HENRY LIVINGSTON. D.D., Trustee
of Columbia, and for a time Chairman of the
Board, was born in Poughkeepsie, New York, May
30, 1746. He was a descendant of the original
Robert Livingston, through the latter's third son,
Gilbert, who was his grandfather. He graduated
from Yale in 1762 and took up the study of law,

VNIFERSiriES JND THEIR SONS

20:

but his progress was interrupted by a somewliat
protracted illness, during which he decideil to be-
come a clergyman of the Dutch Reformed denom-
ination, and setting out for Holland in 1767, he
pursued his theological studies at the University
of Utrecht, graduating in i 7 70 with the degree of
Doctor of Divinity. Returning to New York the
same year he began his ministerial labors as Pastor
of the North Church to which he had been called
while still abroad, and with the exception of the
period of British occupation he retained charge of
that parish until 1810. Having previously secured

JOHN H. LIVINGSTON

from the Dutch Classis the independence of the
American Church, he immediately applied himself
to the task of adjusting the difference then existing
between the Coetus and the Conferentic factions,
whose antagonistic opinions threatened to forever
destroy its integrity, and he ultimately succeeded in
accomplishing the desired reunion. From 1795 to
1797 he was a Professor of Theology at a seminary
established at Flatbush, Long Island by the General
Synod, but owing to its insufficient support the
institution closed its existence in the latter year. In
1807 he was elected President of Queen's College,
now Rutgers, at the same time taking the Chair of
Theology, and removing from New York to New
Brunswick, New Jersey in 18 10, he ably performed
the duties of Professor and Chief Executive until his

ileath, whicli occurred January 20, 1825. President
Livingston possessed in a high degree the intellect-
ual attainments, industry and progressive tendencies
characteristic of his fomily. As a Trustee of Co-
lumbia from I 784 to 18 10, he endeavored to promote
the welfare of the College, and during the last nine
years of his service he was Chairman of the Hoard.
From 1784 to 1787 he served as Regent of the
University of the State of New York. He was also a
pioneer in organized missionary work in the Unite d
States, holding the office of Vice-President of the
first society formed for that pur[)ose in New \'ork
City, and was called by his contemporaries the
" Father of the Dutch Reformed Church in
America." He published sermons, addresses and
A Dissertation on the Marriage of a Man with his
Sister-in-Law.

LIVINGSTON, Walter, 1740-1797.

Born in the Province of New York, 1740; member
of Provincial and Continental Congresses; Judge of
Albany county ; one of the first Commissioners of the
United States Treasury; Regent and Trustee of
Columbia ; died, 1797.

WALTLR LIVINGSTON, Regent and Trustee
of Columbia, grandson of Philip Living-
ston, signer of the Declaration of Independence,
and a descendant of Robert, founder of the family
in America, was born in the Province of New York,
in 1740. He was actively concerned in the political
agitations v/iiich preceded the American Revolu-
tion, and was a member of the Provincial Congress
of 177s, representing Albany where he resiiled.
'I'he convention of 1777 appointed him Judge of
Albany county, and for the years 1784-S5 he occu-
pied a seat in the Federal Congress. In the latter
year he was chosen one of the first Commissioners
of the United States Treasury. In 17S4 Judge
Livingston joined the Board of Regents of Columbia,
and at the time of his death, which occurred May
14, 1797, he was serving as a Trustee.

PEABODY, George Livingston, 1850-

Born in New York City, 1850; fitted for College at
Columbia Grammar School ; graduated Columbia,
1870; College of Physicians and Surgeons, N. Y.,
1873; on house staff Roosevelt Hospital, 1873-74;
studied abroad, at Vienna and Strassburg, 1874-77;
Assistant Pathologist N. Y. Hospital, March, 1878;
promoted to Pathologist same year; Attending Phy-
sician N. Y. Hospital since 1P84; Attending Physician
Bellevue Hospital 1882-95; St. Luke's Hospital for
several years ; Attending Physician Roosevelt Hos-
pital since 1895, Lecturer College of Physicians and

2o6

VNlVERSiriES AND JHEIR SONS

Surgeons, 1884-87; Trustee of Columbia, 1884-90;
Professor Materia Medica and Therapeutics in same
College since 1887.

Gi:()RGE LIVING.STON PEABODV, M.D.,
Professor of Materia Medica and Tliera-
peutics at Columbia, was born in New York City,
August 27, 1850. His father, Charles A. Peabody,
was a member of the well-known New England fam-
ily of that name, and his mother, Julia Livingston,
belonged to an equally well-known family of New
York. The early education of the subject of this

GEORGE L. PEABODY

sketch was received at the Columbia Grammar
School in New York City. He entered Columbia
College in 1866, taking his degree in 1870. De-
ciding to follow the medical profession, he took up
the study of medicine at the College of Physicians
and Surgeons in the City of New York, graduating
in 1873. After a service of one year and a half
(1873-1S74) on the house staff of Roosevelt Hos-
pital, he went abroad, and spent the three years
from 1S74 to 1 87 7 in advanced study there, chiefly
in the Universities of Vienna and Strassburg. Re-
turning to America in 1878, he commenced practice
in New York City, and shortly after, in March 1878,
he was appointed Assistant Pathologist to the New
York Hospital, filling this position so acceptably
that he was made Pathologist in the same year.
Since 1SS4 he has been Attending Physician in

the same institution. He was appointed .Attending
Physician to Bellevue Hospital in 1S82 — a post
which he held until 1895, when increasing jncssure
of professional work caused him to resign it — and
was also Attending Physician at St. Luke's Hospital
for several years. Erom 1884 to 1S90 he was a
Trustee of Columbia. For three years, from 1884
to 1887, he held the post of Lecturer at the College
of Physicians and Surgeons. In the latter year he
was made Professor of Materia Medica and Thera-
peutics there. Since 1895 he has also been .Attend-
ing Physician at Roosevelt Hospital. Dr. Peabody
married, .April iS, 1S83, Miss Jane de Peyster Hug-
gins of New York City. He is a member of the
Academy of Medicine of New York, the Association
of .'\merican Physicians, the Practitioners' Society of
New York, the Physicians' Mutual Aid Society of New
York, the New York Society for the Relief of Widows
and Orphans of Medical Men, the Century, Univer-
sity, the City, and New York Yacht Clubs. He
takes no active part in political questions.

MATTHEWS, James McFarlane, 1785-1870.

Born in Salem. N. Y., 1785; graduated at Union
College, 1803 and at the Theological Seminary of the
Associate Reformed Church, 1807; Associate Professor
of Biblical Literature at Mason's Theological Sem-
inary, N. Y. City; built the AWashington Sq. Church;
one of the founders of the University of N. Y. and
was the first Chancellor; Trustee of Columbia; re-
ceived D D. degree from Yale, 1823 ; died in N.Y., 1870.

JAMES McFARLANE MATTHEWS, D.l).,
Trustee of Columbia, was born in Salem, New
York, ^Larch 18, 1785. He was graduated at
Union College in 1803, and at the Theological
Seminary of the Associate Reformed Church in
1807. Subsequently he was Associate Professor of
Biblical Literature in Dr. John M. Mason's Theo-
logical Seminary, New York City, and in 181 2 he
founded the South Dutch Church in Garden Street,
in charge of which he continued until 1840. In
1835 he also built the Washington Square Church,
a branch of the South Dutch Church. .After 1S40
he held no Pastorate, but was active in ecclesiastical
affairs until his death, devoting much time to the
cause of education, and delivering series of lectures
to students. He was one of the founders of the
University of New York, of which institution he was
the first Chancellor, 1831-1839. Erom 1825 to
1830 he was a Trustee of Columbia. Dr. Matthews
received his degree of Doctor of Divinity from Yale
in 1823. He died in New York, January 28, 1870.

UNIVERSITIES AND rilEIR SONS

207

ADAMS, Charles Francis, 1866-

Born in Quincy, Mass., 1866; graduated from Harvard
1888 ; and from the Harvard Law School 1892 : admitted
to the Bar 1893 ; is prominently identified with several
real estate, financial and industrial corporations ;
served three terms in the Quincy City Council ; was
Mayor of the City in 1896 ; Trustee of the National
Sailors' Home, and of various individual estates ;
Treasurer of Harvard; member of the Somerset Club,
Boston; and prominent in yachting circles.

Cll.VRLES FRANCIS ADAMS, 2d, Treas-
urer of Harvard, was born in Quincy, Mas-
sachusetts, August 2, 1866, son of John Quincy
and Fanny (Crowninshield) Adams. He belongs to

C. F. AD.'iMS 2d

the famous Adams family which has furnished the
United States with two Presidents and a distin-
guished diplomatist — John Adams, John Quincy
Adams and Charles P'rancis Adams. His father
was a Boston lawyer of note who at one time took
a leading part in the political affairs of Massachu-
setts, and was a Democratic candidate for Governor
in 1867. His early studies were pursued at the
Adams Academy, Quincy, and at the Hopkinson
School, Boston, from which he entered Harvard
and was graduated with the Class of 1888. He
prepared for the legal profession at the Harvard
Law School, graduating in 1892, and after his ad-
mission to the Suffolk Bar, February 1S93, he was

for a short time in ilio office of Sigourney liutlcr,
later entering into partnership with Judge lu'crclt
C. Bunipus. In 1894 he engaged in ])ractice alone,
making a specialty of managing trust estates, and
almost immediately became interested in banking,
business corporations and real estate. At the
present time he is a director of the American
Loan and Trust Company, tlie Klectric Corpora-
tion, a Trustee of the Quincy Savings Bank, the
Boston Ground Rent Trust, the Adams Real Estate
Trust and for various individuals. He is also a
Trustee of the National Sailors' Home and actively
concerned in its management. As an active mem-
ber of the Democratic party he is a leading spirit in
the municipal affairs of Quincy, having served three
terms in the City Council, and was elected Mayor for
1896 and for 1897. During his College days he was
President of his Class, First Marshal on Class Day
and President of the Hasty Pudding Club. Upon
the resignation of Mr. E. W. Hooper as Treasurer
of Harvard, the President and Fellows elected Mr.
Adams to fill the vacancy and their action being
concurred in by the Board of Overseers, he began
his duties July 31, 1898. Mr. Adams is an enthu-
siastic yachtsman. He also belongs to the Somerset
Club of Boston. Mr. Adams was married April 3,
1899, at Washington, District of Columbia, to Miss
Frances, daughter of Hon. William C. Lovering.

ALLEN,Frederick De Forest, 1844-1897.

Born in Oberlin, O., 1844; graduated at Oberlin Col-
lege, 1862; studied two years at the University of Leip-
zig; Professor of Ancient Languages in the East
Tennessee University till 1873; Tutor of Greek at Har-
vard, 1873-1874; Professor of Latin and Greek at the
University of Cincinnati, 1874-1879 ; Professor of Greek
at Yale, 1879-1880, and in the latter year was called to
the Chair of Classical Philology at Harvard ; died, 1897.

FREDERICK DE FOREST ALLEN, Pli.D.,
Professor of Greek at Yale and subsequently
Professor of Classical Philology at Har\-ard, was
born in Oberlin, Ohio, May 25, 1844. He took
his Bachelor's degree in 1863 at Oberlin College,
his father having been a member of the Faculty
there for thirty years, and in 1866 he became Pro-
fessor of Ancient Languages at the L'niversity of
East Tennessee, where with the exception of two
years spent as a student at the L^niversity of Leipzig,
he remained until 1873. In 1873-1874 he was
Tutor of Greek at Harvard, and in the latter
year took the Professorship of Latin and Greek at
the University of Cincinnati but recently estab-

2o8

UNIIERSITIES JND rilKIR SONS

lished, and remained there until 1879, when he
became Professor of Greek at Yale. In 18S0 he
was called to the Chair of Classical Philology at
Harvard, the Department of Ancient I>anguages

1885 Curator of the Department of Mammals and Birds
in the American Museum of Natural History, New
York; Lecturer at Harvard 1871-1873; Editor of the
Auk, a quarterly journal of Ornithology ( 1884-1899) :
and author of several valuable works upon zoological
subjects.

JOEL ASAPH ALLEN, Lecturer at Harvard,
was born in Springfield, Massachusetts, July
19, 1838. Leaving the Wilbraham Academy to
enter the Lawrence Scientific School, he gave par-
ticular attention to the study of Zoology under
Professor Agassiz, and accompanied that Scientist
to Brazil in 1865. He made scientific explorations
in Florida in 1869, the Rocky Mountain Region in
187 1, and in 1873 took charge of an expedition
under the auspices of the Northern Pacific Railroad.
He was Assistant in Ornithology at the Museum of
Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, in 1870, and in
the following year received the Humboldt scholar-
ship. From 1871 to 1873 he was Lecturer at
Har\'ard. In 1S85 he was chosen Curator of the
Department of Mammals and Birds in the American
Museum of Natural History, New York. He was
made a fellow of the American Academy of .Arts

FREDERICK DE F. .4LLEN

having been enlarged that year, and he continued
a member of the Faculty there until his death,
which occurred August 4, 1897. Professor Allen
received the degree of Doctor of Philosophy from
the LTniversity of Leipsic in 1870, and the honorary
degree of Master of Arts was conferred upon him
by Yale in 1879. ^^^ many years prior to his
death he was regarded as one of the foremost
American scholars, and was unusually well fitted for
his special line of work. He published an edition
of Hadley's Greek Grammar; an edition of Euri-
pides' Medea, Remnants of Early Latin ; and an
edition of the Prometheus of yEschylus for the Col-
lege series of Greek authors. He was also a skilled
musician and was an authority on ancient music and
metres.

ALLEN, Joel Asaph, 1838-

Born in Springfield, Mass., 1838: studied Zoology
under Prof. Agassiz at the Lawrence Scientific School ;
accompanied several expeditions for scientific research ;
chosen Assistant in Ornithology at the Museum of
Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, 1870; appointed in

J. .A. ALLEN

and Sciences in 1871, of the National Academy of
Science in 1876, is a member of the .American Asso-
ciation for the Advancement of Science, the Amer-
ican Philosophical Society, and was President of the

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

209

American (Ornithologists' I'nion from 1883 to 1889.
Among Mr. Allen's numerous scientific papers and
reports are : On Geographical Variations in Color
among North American Squirrels ; Notes on the
Mammals of I'ortions of Kansas, Colorado, Wyom-
ing and Utah ; Geographical Variation in North
American Birds ; and Notes on the Natural History
of Portions of Montana and Dakota. He is also
the author of: Mammals and Winter Birds of East
Florida ; The American Bison Living and Extinct ;
Monographs of North American Rodentia with Dr.
Elliott Coues; and History of North American
Pinnipeds, a Monograph of the ^\'alruses, Sea Lions,
Sea Bears and Seals of North America. He edited
the bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club from
1876 to 1S83, and from 1884 to 1899 '^^ conducted
The Auk, a quarterly journal devoted to Ornithology.
Since 1892 he has been Editor of the Bulletin and
Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural
History.

BEACH, Henry Harris Aubrey, 1843-

Born in Middletown, Ct., 1843 ; educated in Cam-
bridge, Mass., enlisted in the regular army during the
Civil War and was assigned to hospital duty ; served
as surgical assistant at the Massachusetts General
Hospital while pursuing his Medical studies at Har-
vard ; graduated 1868 ; appointed Assistant Demon-
strator, later Demonstrator of Anatomy at the Harvard
Medical School ; Surgeon to the Boston Dispensary
and at the Massachusetts General Hospital; sometime
Editor of the Boston Medical and Surgical Journal;
and is closely identified with several medical societies.

HENRY HARRIS AUBREY BEACH, M.D.,
Clinical Instructor of Surgery and formerly
Demonstrator of Anatomy at the Harvard Medical
School, son of Elijah and Lucy S. (Riley) Beach,
was born in Middletown, Connecticut, December
18, 1843. His early education was acquired in the
schools of Cambridge, Massachusetts, and enlisting in
the regular army when twenty years old, he was de-
tailed to hospital service in which he remained until
the year following the close of the Civil War, when
he was honorably discharged. While attending the
Harvard Medical School he acted as Surgical Assis-
tant at the IMassachusetts General Hospital, and after
his graduation (1868) was called to the Surgical
Department of the Boston Dispensary. In 1869 he
was chosen Assistant Demonstrator of .Anatomy at
Harvard and five years afterward received the ap-
pointment of Demonstrator at the Har\'ard Medical
School, where for a number of years he gave practi-
cal illustrations of Professor Oliver Wendell Holmes'
VOL. II. — 14

lectures on Anatomy. For more than twenty-five
years he has served upon the staff of the Massachu-
setts General Hospital. Dr. Beach is a prominent
member of the principal local medical bodies includ-
ing the societies for Medical Science, Medical Im-
provement, and Medical Observation ; was President
of the Boylston Medical Society of Harvard for the
years 1873-1874 ; and also belongs to the Massa-
chusetts State Medical Society. .\s a medical writer
he has acquired a wide reputation and was Associate
Editor of the Boston Medical and Surgical Journal.
For his first wife he married Miss Alice, tlaughter of

H. H. A. BEACH

the late Edward D. Mandell, of New Bedford,
Massachusetts, who died in 1880. Five years later
he wedded Miss Amy M. Cheney, of Boston, the
well-known pianist and composer.

AMORY, Robert, 1842-

Born in Boston, 1842; graduate of Harvard. 1863 and
of the Harvard Medical School, 1866; studied abroad
one year, and settled in Brookline, Mass.; lectured at
Harvard, 1869; Professor of Physiology in the Medical
Department of Bowdoin until 1874 ; and has contributed
original articles and translations to medical literature.

ROBERT AMORY, M.D.. Lecturer at Har\ard,
son of James Sullivan and Mary Copley
(Greene) Amory, was born in Boston, Massachusetts,

210

UNirKRSiriES JND THEIR SONS

May 3, 1842. Graduating from Harvard in 1863 and
from the Medical School three years later, he spent
the ensuing year studying in Paris and Dublin.
Upon his return to the United States he took up his
residence in Longwood (IJrookline), Massachusetts,
and began the practice of his profession. In 1870
he lectured at the Harvard Medical School on the
physiological action of drugs, and subsequently occvi-
pied the Chair of Physiology in the Medical Depart-
ment of Bowdoin, which he resigned in 1874. He
is a member of several medical societies, having been
a trial commissioner of the Massachusetts Medical

ROBERT AMORY

Society, Secretary and afterward President of the
Massachusetts Medico-Legal Society, Secretary and
afterward President of the Norfolk Medical Society
and has been a fellow of the American Academy of
Arts and Sciences, and has published a work entitled
Bromides of Potassium and .Ammonium and Action
of Nitrous Oxide. Editor of Kiiss Lectures on
Piiysiologv, and Volume 3 of Wharton and Stella's
Medical Jurisprudence, — Electrolysis in Medicine.
He is also the author of numerous scientific papers,
notable among which are : Chloral Hydrates ; Ex-
periments Disproving Evolution of Chloroform in
Organism ; Pathological Action of Prussic Acid ;
Poisons, etc. He has translated and edited Pro-
fessor Kiiss' Lectures on Physiology delivered at the

Strasburg University Medical School and his Photo-
graphy of the Spectrum was published in tlie
proceedings of the American Academy, of which
he is a fellow. Dr. Amory is prominently identified
with Brookline town affairs. He entered the Massa-
chusetts Militia as Assistant-Surgeon in 1875, was
promoted to the rank of Surgeon in 1876, and
subsequently appointed IMedical Director of the
First Brigade. He is a member of the St. Botolph,
Algonquin, Somerset, and University clubs of Boston,
and of the University club of New York. Dr. Amory
was married first, in May 1864, to Miss Mary .Apple-
ton Lawrence. She died in 1882, leaving a daughter,
Alice. He, married second, in September 1886,
Miss Katharine Leighton Crehore. Their children
are : Robert, Jr., ALiry Copley, Katharine Leighton,
Jr., and ]\Largery Amor)'.

COOPER, Samuel, 1727-1783.

Born in Boston. Mass., 1725; graduated at Harvard,
1743; elected to the Colleague Pastorate of the Brattle
Street Church, Boston, in 1744, succeeding his father ;
Fellow of Harvard for seventeen years ; was promi-
nent in political affairs prior to the Revolution; and
first Vice-President of the American Academy of Arts
and Sciences. Died, 1783.

SAMUEL COOPER, D.D., Overseer of Har-
vard, was born in Boston, ALassachusetts,
March 28, 1725. He was a son of the Rev. William
Cooper, a Harvard graduate and for many years
associated with Dr. Coleman in the Pastorate of the
Brattle Street Church, Boston. His preparatory
course was pursued in the Grammar School, Boston,
and graduating from Harvard in 1743, he turned his
attention to the study of theology. On December
31, 1744, he was selected as Assistant Pastor of
the Brattle Street Church, succeeding his father in
that capacity, but was not ordained until May 21,
1 746, and his pastoral relations with that society
continued for the rest of his life. He strenuously
opposed the Excise and Stamp Acts, wrote many
strong political articles for the Boston Gazette and
his continued denunciations with tongue and pen of
British mis-rule at length so aroused the authorities
against him, that he found it advisable to leave
Boston just prior to the Battle of Lexington. Like
his father he declined the Presidency of Har\-ard,
believing himself better fitted for pastoral work,
but he accepted membership of the College Corpora-
tion in 1767 and continued his Fellowship with the
Board until his death, which occurred December 29,
1783. The degree of Master of Arts was conferred

UNIVERSITIES JND THEIR SONS

21 1

upon him by both Harvard and VaU', and in 1767
he was honored by the University of Kdinburgh with
that of Doctor of Divinity. Dr. Cooper enjoyed the
friendship of many distinguished Americans of his
time, inckiding John Adams and Benjamin FrankHn.
Besides being tiie first Vice-President of the .Ameri-
can Academy of .Arts and Sciences he belonged to
numerous scientific and rehgious bodies, and cor-
responded with eminent men abroad. His pubHshetl
works consist principally of political writings and
sermons, many of which denote unusual ability, but
a Discourse on the Commencement of the New
Constitution of Massachusetts is undoubtedly the
most finished product of his pen.

CUMMINGS, Prentiss, 1840-

Born in Sumner, Me., 1840; graduated at Harvard,
1864; Principal of the Portland, Me., High School;
Proctor of Harvard and Tutor in Latin, 1866-70; com-
pleted his studies at the Harvard Law School and ad-
mitted to the Bar, 1871 ; Assistant U. S. Attorney for
the District of Boston, 1874 ; member of the Boston
City Council, 1881-82-83 '• Representative to the Legis-
lature, 1884-85; President of the Cambridge Street
Railway Co., 1885-87 ; Vice-President of the West End
Street Railway Co., 1887.

PRKXTISS CUMMIN'GS, Proctor and Tutor
at Harvard, was born in Sumner, Maine,
September 10, 1846, son of Whitney and Mary
(Prentiss) Cummings. His first .American ancestor
was Isaac Cummings, a Scotchman who settled in
Topsfield, Massachusetts, about the year 1632 ; and
he is a great-grandson, on the maternal side, of the
Rev. Caleb Prentiss and of Dr. John Hart, the latter
a Revolutionary officer under Colonel Prescott. His
College preparations were pursued at Phillips-Exeter
Academy, and he was graduated from Harvard with
the Class of 1864. .After a short season as Master
of the High School at Portland, Maine, he began
the study of Law with Nathan Webb, now Judge in
the United States District Court, and in the follow-
ing year he entered the Harvard Law School. He
was for some time Proctor of the College, and was
Tutor in Latin from 1S66 until 1870, in which year
he resumed his law studies and was admitted to the
Bar in 1871. Locating for practice in Boston, he
was in 1874 appointed First-.Assistant LTnited States
Attorney for that District, and held that position for
seven years, or until resigning in order to devote
more time to his private business. As President of
the Cambridge Street RaiUv.ay Company, to which
position he was elected in 1885, he took an active

part in consolidating the street-railway interests of
lioston under one management, that of the West
lind Company, in 1887, and was chosen its Vice-
President. For the years 1881-1882-1883 Mr.
Cummings was a member of the Boston Common
Council, and in 1884-1885 he served as Represen-
tative to the Lower House of the Legislature. He
is President of the Boston Chess Club, has been a
member of the LTnion and other Boston clubs, and
is a member of the Society of the Cincinnati. On
February 25, 1880, he was married in Ikickfield,
Maine, to Miss Annie Delena Snow, daughter of

PRENTISS CUMMINGS

Alonzo and Priscilla (Weeks) Snow, of Cambridge.
Mr. Cummings resides in Brookline, where he is
Trustee of the Public Library and member of School
Committee.

GRAY, John Chipman, 1839-

Born in Brighton, Mass., 1839 : educated at Harvard ;
has been Associate Editor of the American Law
Review, Story Professor of Law at Harvard, Royall
Professor of Law; practised in Boston as a member of
the firm of Ropes, Gray & Loring; has published
several books on legal matters.

JOHN CHIP.MAN GR.AY, LL.D., Royall Pro-
fessor of Law at Harvard, was the son of
Horace and Surah (Russell) Gray, ami was born in

212

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

Brighton, Massachusetts, July 14, 1S59. He gradu-
ated at Harvard in the Class of 1S59, afterwards
receiving the degree of Master of Arts, in 1861 the
degree of Bachelor of Laws from tiie same College
and in 1S96 the degree of Doctor of Laws from the
same College. In 1894 Yale also honored him with
the degree of Doctor of Laws. He had entered
the Law School in 1S60 and studied there two years.
He was admitted to the J5ar in 1863. During the
first four years of the existence of the American
Law Review Mr. Gray was one of the Editors.
He has been prominent at the Bar as a member

JOHN C. CRAY

of the firm of Ropes, Gray & Loring, Boston. In
1875 he was appointed Story Professor of Law at
Harvard and in 1883 was transferred to the Royall
Professorship, which position is still held by him.
He is a fellow of the American Academy. Several
legal works have come from his pen, including a
small book on Restraints upon Alienation, Rule
against Perpetuities, and Selected Cases on Property,
six volumes. He married in 1873 Anna S. L. Mason
and has two children.

GRAY, Francis Galley, 1790-1856.

Born in Salem, Mass., 1790; graduated at Harvard,
1809; studied law; Private Secretary to John Quincy
Adams; member of the Massachusetts Legislature;
President of the Boston Athenaeum ; Fellow of Har-

vard, 1826-1836; received the degree of LL.D. from
Harvard, 1841 ; endowed Harvard Library, also the
Museum of Comparative Zoology; died in Boston,
Mass. 1855.

FRANCIS GALLEY GR.W, LL.D., Benefactor
of Harvard, was born in Salem, Massachusetts,
September 19, 1790; died in Boston December 29,
1S56. He was graduated at Harvard in 1809, and
studied law with William Prescott, but never prac-
tised. He was Private Secretary to John Quincy
Adams during the latter's term as Minister to
Russia, was several times a member of the Massa-
chusetts Legislature, and was President of the
Boston Athenteum. From 1826 to 1836 he was a
Fellow of Harvard, which conferred on him the
degree of Doctor of Laws in 1841. While a Fellow
he rendered the L^niversity a great service by de-
fending it in a ]irinted pamphlet, from certain
adverse criticisms. He authorized his nephew and
residuary legatee, William Gray, to make two im-
portant gifts to the University, provided his estate,
two years after his death, all other bequests having
been paid, should supply the means. The gifts
were, a large and valuable collection of engravings
and $16,000 for cataloguing and caring for it, and
$50,000 to establish and maintain a museum of
Comparative Zoology. Although his wishes were
not expressed in the will, but only in a letter to
William Gray, the latter faithfully carried them out,
and he himself afterwards gave $25,000 to buy
books for the College Library. William Gray was a
member of the Class of 1829 and an Overseer from
1S66 to 1872. Another of the same family, John
Chipman Gray, of the Class of 1 8 1 1 , an Overseer
from 1847 to 1S54, was also a Benefactor of the
University. For these three men, eminent as citi-
zens and as friends of learning, a dormitory built in
1863, still standing, was called Grays' Hall.

HOAR, Samuel, 1788-1856.

Born in Lincoln, Mass., 1788; graduated at Harvard,
1802 ; admitted to the Bar 1805 and practised law suc-
cessfully for forty years; delegate to the State Consti-
tutional Convention of 1820; a State Senator in 1825
and again in 1833; member of Congress, 1835-1837;
expelled from South Carolina in 1844 for defending
the rights of the free colored persons; was an Over-
seer of Harvard from 1853 until his death in 1856.

SAMUEL HOAR, LL.D., Overseer of Harvard,
was born in Lincoln, Massachusetts, May 18,
1788. He was a son of Captain Samuel Hoar, an
officer in the Continental Army during the Revolu-

UNIVERSITIES JND THEIR SONS

213

tioiKuy War, and subsequently for a number t)f years
a member of the Massachusetts Legislature. At"ler
graduating from Harvard (1S02), the younger
Samuel went to Virginia, where he acted as Private
Tutor for two years, at the expiration of which time
he applied himself to the study of law, was admitted
to the Bar in 1805 and located for practice in Con-
cord, Massachusetts. l"or forty years he was one of
the leading lawyers in the Commonwealth, and as
might be expected his ability made him especially
eligible to the higher public service, in which he
was a conspicuous figure. He was a delegate to the
State Constitutional Convention of 1820, served in
the State Senate in 1825 and again in 1833, and
represented his district in the National Congress
from December 1835 to Marcli 1S37. A Whig in
politics and a fearless abolitionist, in 1844 he ac-
cepted an appointment by the state to visit South
Carolina for the purpose of testing the constitution-
ality of a recently promulgated law in that state
providing for the apprehension of all free colored
persons, found within its borders, and he was
expelled from the state by Act of Legislature
immediately upon his arrival, ostensibly for merely
presuming to question the legality of its acts.
Samuel Hoar died in Concord, November 3, 1856.
He received the degree of Master of Arts in course,
and that of Doctor of Laws was given him in 1838
by Harvard, of which he was an Overseer for the last
three years of his life. He was a member of the
Massachusetts Historical and the American Bible
Societies and a fellow of the American Academy of
Arts and Sciences. His wife was a daughter of
Roger Sherman.

(1840) he ajiplied himself to the practice of his
profession in Middlesex and Suffolk counties for the
succeeding nine years. In 1849 he was appointed
a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, — holding
tliat office until 1S55, anil in 1S59 was elected
to a seat upon the Supreme 15ench, which he
retained for ten years. Selected by President
Crant for the .'\ttorncy-(ieneralship in his first
cabinet, Mr. Hoar served in that capacity from
March 1869 to July 1870, and in 1871 he acted
as one of the joint high commission that formed
the 'I'reaty of Washington with Creat Britain. In

E. ROCKWOOD HOAR

HOAR, Ebenezer Rockwood, 1816-1895.

Born in Concord, Mass., 1816; graduated from Har-
vard, 1835; and from the College Law School, 1839; ad-
mitted to the Bar, 1840; was Judge of the Court of
Common Pleas 1849-1854 and of the State Supreme
Court 1859-1869 ; Attorney-General of the United States,
1869-1870; assisted in framing the Treaty of Wash-
ington, 1871 ; and member of Congress, 1873-1875 ; Over-
seer of Harvard 1857-1887 and a member of the College
Corporation ; died in Concord, Mass., 1895.

EBENEZER ROCKWOOD HOAR, LL.D.,
Fellow and Overseer of Harvard, was a son
of Hon. Samuel Hoar M.C., and his birth took
place in Concord, Massachusetts, February 21, 181 6.
He was graduated from the Academic and Law
Departments of Harvard in 1835 and 1839 respec-
tively, and subsequent to his admission to the Bar

1873 he took his seat in Congress, to which he
had been elected by the Republican party, and
continued a member of that body till March 3, 1875.
Judge Hoar's death occurred in 1895. He was a
fellow of the American .Academy of Arts and
Sciences; in 1861 he was made a Doctor of Laws
by Williams and the same degree was conferretl
upon him in 1868 by Harvard, of which he acted
as an Overseer from 1857 to 1887, being President of
the Board for some time. He was also a benefactor
of the University, and a member of the Corporation.

HUNTINGTON. Frederic Dan, 1819-

Born in Hadley, Mass., 1819 ; graduate of Amherst,
1839; of the Harvard Divinity School in 1842; Pastor

214

UNIVERSITIES JND THEIR SONS

of the South Congregational Church, Boston ; Pro-
fessor of Christian Morals at Harvard and Preacher to
the University 1855-1860; Chaplain of the Massachu-
setts Legislature ; took orders in the Episcopal Church,
i85o ; organized Emmanuel Parish, Boston ; assisted
in establishing the Church Monthly, 1861 ; consecrated
Bishop of Central New York, 1869; called to the
Presidency of St. Andrew's Divinity School, Syracuse.

FREDERIC DAN HUNTINGTON, S.T.D.,
LL.D., formerly Professor at Harvard, ami

New York. In company with Dr. George M. Ran-
dall, he established the Church Monthly in 1S61,
and after his consecration as Bishop he took the
Presidency of St. Andrew's Divinity School, Syracuse,
New York. From Harvard Dr. Huntington received
the degree of Doctor of Divinity in 1S42. That
of Master of Arts was given by Amherst in course,
while those of Doctor of Divinity and 1 )octor of
Laws were conferred upon him in 1887 and 18S8

subsequently Protestant Episcopal Bishop of Central respectively, and Columbia honored him with the

New York, was born in Hadley, Massachusetts, May
28, 1819. His father was the Rev. Dan Huntington,

FREDERICK D. HUNTINGTON

a Tutor of Yale from 1 796 to i 798, and a convert to
Unitarianism from the Trinitarian Congregational
faith. Graduating from Amherst in 1839, he entered
the Harvard Divinity School, where he completed his
studies in 1842, and was subsequently ordained to
the Pastorate of the South Congregational Church,
Boston. He was Plummer Professor of Christian
Morals at Harvard from 1855 to i860, during which
time he officiated as Preacher to the University, and
as Chajjlain to the Massachusetts Legislature. Sever-
ing his connection with the Unitarian Church and
with Harvard in i860 he entered the Episcopal
ministry, and after organizing Emmanuel Church,
Boston, became its first Rector, continuing as such
for nine years, or until elected Bishop of Central

Divinity degree in 1887. He is a prolific writer,
much of his work in the way of lessons and lectures
having appeared in the reviews, and some of his
sermons have been issued in book-form. Among
his best known publications are : Elim, or Hymns
for Holy Refreshment ; Lessons for the Instruction
of Children in the Divine Life ; Helps to a Holy
Lent and Steps to a Living Faith. He edited
Archbishop VVhately's Christian Morals, and Memo-
rials of a Quiet Life.

KOEHLER, Sylvester Rosa, 1837-

Born in Leipzig, 1837; came to the United States
with his parents in 1849 ; well known as a writer and
lecturer on art subjects, more especially on the repro-
ductive or multiplying arts, (engraving, etc.) ; is at
present Curator of the Print Department in the Mu-
seum of Fine Arts, Boston, Mass., and honorary
Curator of the Section of Graphic Arts in the United
States National Museum, Smithsonian Institution,
Washington, D. C.

SYLVESTER ROSA KOEHLER, A.M., late
Curator of the John Witt Randall Collection
of engravings belonging to Harvard, now Curator
of the Print Department in the Museum of Fine
Arts, Boston, Massachusetts, and Honorary Curator
of the Section of Graphic Arts in the United .States
National Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Wash-
ington, District of Columbia, was born in Leipzig,
February 11, 1837. His father, an artist, came to
the United States in 1848 and was followed by his
family in 1849. The subject of this sketch having
been intended for one of the learned professions,
attended the lower classes of the Gymnasium St.
Nicolai, one of the Latin schools of his native town,
but the migration to America left him pretty much
to his own resources for further training. Having
always had a predilection for literature and the arts,
he continued his studies in this direction, and occa-
sionally wrote short articles, some of which were
published in Europe, others in the United States.
About 1869 he came to Boston, having accepted a

UNIFERSiriES AND THEIR SONS

2' 5

position in the cliromolithographic publishing iiouse
of L. Prang & Company, wliich position he filled
for nearly ten years. It was not, however, until
1880, that he found it possible to devote himself
entirely to the work of his choice. In the year
named, he assumed the editorship, with the late
C. C. Perkins of Boston, and Dr. Prime of New
York, as Associate Editors of the American Art
Review, which was abandoned by the publishers at
tlie end of two years. He was then engaged for a
while as reporter on art matters, on the staff of the
Advertiser of Boston, and the Evening Mail and
Express of New York ; during several years edited
the American department of the London Magazine
of Art and for some time superintended tiie printing
of the colored illustrations in Puck at the request of
the late Joseph Keppler. In the year 1893 he de-
livered a course of lectures on methods of engraving
before the Lowell Institute, of Boston, which course
he repeated at the Drexel Institute of Philadelphia,
and the United States National Museum at Wash-
ington. Latterly he has given his attention entirely
to Museum matters, in the positions named above.
In 1892 Harvard University conferred upon him
the honorary degree of Master of Arts, and he was
also elected a fellow of the .'\merican Academy of
Arts and Sciences, Boston. Of books published by
him, there may be named two translations : Von
Betzold's Theory of Color, and Lalanne's Treatise
on Etching and the following original works : Etch-
ing, an Outline of its Technical Processes and its
History, etc. ; American Art ; and Diirer's Engrav-
ings, Dry-Points and Etchings, published by the
Grolier Club of New York. At present (1899) he
is engaged in preparing for the press his long-
planned History of Color-printing.

LORING, Charles Greely, 1794-1867.

Born in Boston, Mass., 1794; graduated at Harvard,
1812; lawyer, orator, state Senator and author ; Actuary
of the Massachusetts Hospital Life Insurance Com-
pany, 1857 until his death; Fellow of Harvard, 1838-
1858; died in Beverly, 1837.

CHARLES GREELY LORING, LL.D., Fellow
of Harvard, was born in Boston, ALassachu-
setts, May 2, i 794. He pursued the regular course
at Harvard, graduating with the Class of 1S12, and
preparing himself for the legal profession was ad-
mitted to the Suffolk Bar, at which he attained
prominence. As an orator his services were called
into use on numerous memorable occasions, and

one of his last and most effective sijeeches was that
delivered at a ])ublic gathering in Boston, following
the assassination of President Lincoln. Though
deeply interested in |iulillc affairs he refrained from
taking an active part in politics, but consented to
accept a seat in the State Senate (1S62), and ren-
dered valuable service in that body. .At the time
of his death, which occurred in Beverly, Massa-
chusetts, October 8, 1867, he was holding the re-
sjjonsible position of .Actuary of tlie Massachusetts
Hospital Life Insurance Comiiany to which he was
appointed in 1857. Mr. Loring succeedeil ICdward

CHARLES G. LORING

Everett as President of the Union Club, was a mem-
ber of the Massachusetts Historical Society, and a
fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
The degree of Master of .Arts was conferred by Har-
vard in course, while that of Doctor of Laws was be-
stowed upon him in 1850 and he was a Fellow of the
College from 1838 to 1858. His published works
consist of: Neutral Relations between the United
States and England ; Life of William Sturgis ; and
a number of public addresses.

LOTHROP, Samuel Kirkland, 1804-1886.

Born in Utica, N. Y., 1804; graduated at Harvard,
1825, and at the Divinity School, 1828; Pastor of the

2l6

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

Unitarian Church, Dover, N. H., for some time, and of
the Brattle Square Church, Boston, 1834-1876 ; delegate
to the Massachusetts Constitutional Convention, 1853;
member of the Boston School Board thirty years ;
Overseer of Harvard, 1847-1854; Lecturer at the Div-
inity School, 1871-1872; died in Boston, Mass., 1886.

SAMUEL KIRKLANl) LOTHROP, S.T.D., LL.
D., Overseer of Harvard and Lecturer at the
Divinity School, was born in Utica, New York,
October 13, 1804. His maternal grandfather was
the Rev. Samuel Kirkland, a missionary to the
Indians prior to and during tlie Revolutionary War,
and the founder of Hamilton College. His classical
and theological studies were pursued at Harvard,
where he graduated from the Academic Depart-
ment in 1825, and froiti the Divinity School three
years later, and in 1829, he took charge of his first
Pastorate, that of the Unitarian Church in Dover,
New Hampshire. Called to the Brattle Square
Church, Boston, in 1834, he retained his pastoral
connection with that society for over forty years
until 1876, and its dissolution immediately followed
his resignation. Dr. Lothrop died in Boston,
Massachusetts, June 12, 18S6. He was interested
in political and educational affairs, serving as a dele-
gate to the State Constitutional Convention in 1853,
and during his thirty years' membership of the
Boston School Board he was Chairman of the Eng-
lish High School Committee a greater part of the
time. For the years 1871-72 he held a Lecture-
ship in the Harvard Divinity School, was an Over-
seer of the College from 1847 to 1854, was made
a Doctor of Divinity by Harvard in 1852, .and a
Doctor of Laws by Hamilton, in 1885. He was a
nieinber of the Massachusetts Historical Society.
He was the author of: Life of Rev. Samuel Kirkland
in Sparks' American Biography ; and a History of
Brattle Square Church.

LOVERING, Joseph, 1813-1892.

Born in Charlestown, Mass., 1813; graduated at
Harvard, 1833; Instructor in Mathematics, 1835-38;
Tutor, 1836-38; Professor, 1838-88, and afterward
"Emeritus"; Regent, 1857-70; Director of Jefferson
Physical Laboratory, 1884-88; public lecturer, and
scientific writer; died in Cambridge, 1892.

JOSEPH LOVERING, LL.D., Professor at Har-
vard, was born in Charlestown, Massachusetts,
December 25, 1813. With the exception of a year
spent as a teacher in his native town, he was con-
nected with Harvard from the time of graduating
(1833) until his death, a period of fifty-eight years,

having studied in the Divinity School two years,
acted as College Instructor in Mathematics three
years. Tutor two years. Lecturer for the same
length of time, and as Hollis Professor of Mathe-
matics and Natural Philosophy from 1838 to 1888,
when he retired and was made Professor " Emer-
itus." From 1857 to 1S70 he served as Regent,
which post was later consolidated with that of Dean,
and he was Director of the Jefferson Physical Lab-
oratory from 1884 to 1888. His services as a
public lecturer were for many years in constant
demand, and besides nine courses of twelve lectures

JOSEPH LOVERING

each before the Lowell Institute, Boston, delivering
each lecture twice, he spoke many times before the
Massachusetts Charitable Mechanics' Association,
the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, the Pea-
body Institute, Baltimore, and in all of the prin-
cipal cities and towns of New England. He also
supervised the computations of trans-Atlantic longi-
tudes for the United States Coast Survey from 1867
to 1876. He was a member of the American
Philosophical Society, and the National Academy of
Sciences, President of the American Academy of
Arts and Sciences from 1880 to 1887, and President
of the American Association for the Advancement
of Science, having while acting as Perinanent Sec-
retary edited fifteen volumes of its proceed-

UNirERsrriKs jnd tuf.ik soss

217

ings. Professor Lovering died in Cambridge,
January 18, 1892. 'i'lie degree of Doctor of Laws
was conferred upon him by Harvard in 1879.
Besides the work above mentioned, he contributed
numerous articles on astronomy, physics and l<indred
subjects to the scientific reviews ; was the author of :
Memoirs on the Aurora, Terrestrial Magnetism, and
Determination of Trans-Atlantic Longitudes, issued
by the American Academy ; a volume on the Aurora
Borealis, and Editor of a new edition of Farrer's
Electricity and ALignetism.

LOWELL, James Russell, 1819-1891.

Born in Cambridge, Mass., i8ig; graduated at Har-
vard, 1838; studied law but abandoned it for literature ;
poet, satirist, critic, humorist and editor; held the
Chair of Modern Languages, Literature and Belles-
lettres at Harvard, 1855-1886, succeeding Henry Wads-
worth Longfellow; University Lecturer, 1863-1864;
Overseer, 1887-1891 ; Minister to Spain, 1877-1880;
Minister to Great Britain. 1880-1885 ; died in Cambridge,
1891.

'AMES RUSSELL LOWELL, D.C.L., LL.D.,
Professor and Overseer at Harvard, was born
in Cambridge, Massachusetts, February 22, 1819.
He was a son of Rev. Ciiarles Lowell, and a descen-
dant of sturdy, intellectual and highly cultured New
England ancestors. He entered Harvard at the
age of fifteen and was graduated at nineteen with
the Class of 1838. He also pursued the regular
course at the Harvard Law School, was admitted to
the Bar in 1840, but his practice, if indeed he ever
had any, was of short duration, as James Russell
Lowell, the lawyer, was soon superseded by James
Russell Lowell, the poet, humorist, critic, satirist
and editor, in all of which he displayed surpassing
genius long before entering the field of higher edu-
cation, of which he was so long a brilliant and con-
spicuous exponent. His early poetical and prose
writings appeared in the Dial, the Democratic
Review, the Massachusetts Quarterly Review and
the Pioneer, the latter a literary and critical maga-
zine of which he was Associate Editor, and which
was only able to sustain its life through three num-
bers, owing to insufficient vitality in the financial
department. From 1863 to 1S72 he was associated
with Professor Charles Eliot Norton in editing the
North American Review and was the first Editor of
the Atlantic Monthly, the establishment, character
and mission of which were based upon the com-
posite ideas of Longfellow, Lowell, Holmes and
Emerson at a meeting held in the Sage of Con-
cord's study. In 1855 Mr. Lowell was selected to

succeed Henry Wadsworth Longfellow in the Smith
Professorship of Modern Languages and Belles-
lettres at LLarvard, for which he made special
preparations by pursuing a two years' course of
study in Europe, greatly increasing during his stay
abroad liis knowledge of the French, Spanish and
Italian languages and literature, and assmning the
chair in 1857 he retained it until 1886, although
his active duties at the University were practically
brought to a close by his acceptance of the Spanish
mission in 1877. During the years 1863 and 1864
he was University Lecturer at Harvard, was made

JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL

"Emeritus" Professor in 1S86 and was a member
of the Board of Overseers from 1S87 until his death,
which occurred in Cambridge, .Vugust 12, 1891.
Like most literary men, Professor Lowell found
little time to devote to ijolitical affairs until long
past his fiftieth birth<lay, and althougli Ids patri-
otism was sincere and his democracy of the purest
type, he tempered his radicalism with such con-
servative opinions as were best calculated in his
judgment to effectually preserve American institu-
tions, and any attempt to imperil the principles
upon which the Republic was founded, was sure to
attract his notice and receive a severe lashing from
his caustic pen. In 1876 he was a Presidential
Elector, was ajjpointed Minister Plenipotentiary to
Spain in T877, and in 18S0 was advanced to the

2l8

UNII'ERSrriES JND rilEIK SONS

higher diplomatic post of American Representative
to the Court of St. James. During his residence in
London, his personal character, scholarly attain-
ments and high position in American literature,
which latter had long been familiar to Englishmen,
made him the recipient of the higliest honors open
to a foreign diplomatist, and certainly no greater
recognition of his ability could be shown than the
request that he should deliver the oration at the
unveiling of a bust of the poet Coleridge in West-
minster Abbey, in May 18S5, just prior to his recall
by the first Cleveland administration. With the
possible exception of George Bancroft, the his-
torian, no American scholar has received a more
honorable recognition by domestic and foreign
Universities, and learneil bodies than did James
Russell Lowell. Besides the degrees of Master of
Arts, Bachelor of Laws and Doctor of Laws con-
ferred by Harvard, he received that of Doctor of
Civil Laws from Oxford in 1873, and was similarly
honored by Cambridge in 1874, St. Andrews and
Edinburgh Universities in 1884, and the University
of Bologna, Italy, in 1888. He was a fellow of the
American Academy of Arts and Sciences, member
of the American Philosophical and the Massachusetts
Historical Societies ; the Royal Society of Edin-
burgh, the Royal Literary Society of London and
the Royal .Academy of Spain, and was elected
Rector of St. Andrews University. Of his literary
works which are too numerous and also too well-
known to the readers of this work to need a minute
description, perhaps the most popular with the gen-
eral public is the Biglow Papers, and with the
lovers of true rhythmical and romantic poetry the
Vision of Sir Launfal will ever be a prime favorite.
In 1844 Professor Lowell married Maria White,
also a poet, born in Watertown, Massachusetts,
July 8, 182 1, and died in Cambridge, October 27,
1853. In September 1857 he married for his sec-
ond wife Frances Dunlap, of Portland, ^L'^ine, who
died in London, in February 1885.

LOWELL, Charles, 1782-1861.

Born in Boston, 1782; graduated at Harvard, 1800;
completed his theological studies abroad ; Pastor of
the West Unitarian Church, Boston, 1806-1861 ; mem-
ber of the Harvard Corporation, 1818-1833 \ died in
Cambridge, 1861.

CHARLES LOWELL, S.T.D., Fellow of Har
vard, was born in Boston, August 15, 1782.
son of John Lowell, member of the Continental

Congress, and subsequently Chief-Justice of the
First United States Circuit Court. Graduating from
Harvard in 1800 and taking up the study of law, he
soon afterward decided to enter the LTnitarian min-
istry. Having completed his theological studies in
F'.dinburgh he travelled for a year in Continental
]'',urope, and was installed Pastor of the \\'est Church
Boston on January i, 1806. His activity continued
uninterrupted until 1837, when failing health made
necessary a season of rest, and during the
period of three years, which he spent in Europe
and the Orient, his pulpit was supplied by the
Rev. Dr. Cyrus A. Bartol, who was thence-
forward his associate in the Pastorate. Dr. Lowell
continued as Senior Pastor luitil his death which
occurred in Cambridge, Massachusetts, January
20, 1 86 1. His ably constructed sermons had
the advantage of a clear and forcible delivery, and
his attractive personal character gained the sincere
devotion of his large congregation. He belonged
to numerous literary societies both in America
and Europe, was a member of the Massachusetts
Historical Society, and corresponding member
of the Archasological Society of Athens. In 1823
he received the degree of Doctor of Divinity from
Harvard and was a Fellow of the Corporation from
1818 to 1833. His wife was Harriet Spence of
Portsmouth, New Hampshire, daughter of Robert
T. Spence, U. S. N. Dr Lowell published two
volumes of sermons : Meditations for the Afflicted,
Sick and Dying ; Devotional Exercises for Com-
municants : and numerous discourses.

LUNT, William Parsons, 1805-1857.

Born in Newburyport, Mass., 1805; graduated at
Harvard, 1823 and the Divinity School, 1828; College
Instructor, 1826-1827; Overseer 1850-1854; held Pas-
torate in New York City some time; was Associate
Pastor in Quincy, Mass., 1835 until his death in 1857.

WILLIAM PARSONS LUNT, S.T.D., In-
structor and Overseer at Harvard, was
born in Newburyport, Massachusetts, April 21,
1805. Graduating at Harvard in 1823, he was
engaged in teaching at Plymouth, previous to
beginning the study of law, which he shortly
afterward relinquished for theology, and com-
pleted his course at the Harvard Divinity School
in 1828, having served as an Instructor in Mathe-
matics, in the College during the years 1826-1827.
His first charge was of the Second Unitarian Church,
New York City, where he remained from 1828 to

VNIVERSiriES AND THEIR SONS

219

1S33, and accepting a call to the Associate I'astor-
ship of the Church in Quincy, Massachusetts, in
1S35, he continued there for the rest of his life.
Dr. Lunt died at Akabah, Arabia, March 20, 1857,
while on a visit to the scenes of ancient biblical
history. He received the degree of Doctor of
Divinity from Harvard in 1850, and was an Overseer
of the College for the four succeeding years. His
published works, which are still admired for their
classical purity and clearness of style, consist of:
.\ Discourse at tiie Interment of John Quincy
Adams; Union of the Human Race; Sermon on
Daniel Webster ; Gleanings, edited by his daughter ;
and he compiled The Christian Psalter. He was a
member of the Massachusetts Historical Society.

McKEAN, Joseph, 1776-1818.

Born in Ipswich, Mass., 1776; graduated at Harvard,
1794; Pastor of Congregational Church in Milton,
Mass., 1797-1804; Professor of Rhetoric, Oratory and
Elocution at Harvard, 1809-1818 ; died in Havana,
Cuba, 1818.

JOSEPH McKEAN, S.D.T., LL.D., Boylston
Professor of Rhetoric, Oratory and Elocution
at Harvard, was born in Ipswich, Massachusetts,
April 19, 1776. After the completion of his studies
at Harvard (1794), he was engaged in teaching
some three years until 1797, when he entered the
Congregational Ministry and was called to the
Pastorship of a church in Milton, Massachusetts,
which he was compelled to resign in 1804 on
account of failing health. In 1809 he succeeded
John Quincy Adams as Boylston Professor of Rhet-
oric, Oratory and Elocution at Harvard, having
declined the Chair of Mathematics three years
previous, and he continued a member of the
Faculty until the year of his death. He died in
Havana, Cuba, March 17, 1818, from a pulmonary
affection of long standing. Professor McKean was
made a Doctor of Laws by Princeton in 18 14, and
his Divinity degree was conferred by Allegheny in
18 1 8. He published a number of sermons, and
prepared a Memoir of the Rev. John Eliot for the
collection of the Massachusetts Historical Society,
of which he was a member.

murder trial, served as District Attorney, Municipal
Judge and Judge of Common Pleas, XA'orcester ; Jus-
tice of the Supreme Court, 1853-1864; Overseer of
Harvard, 1852-1855; died in Boston in 1867.

PUNY MERRICK, LL.D., Overseer of Har-
vard, was born in Brookfield, Worcester
county, Massachusetts, August 2, 1794. He was a
descendant of Thomas Merrick, an Englishman, \vho
arrived in New l^ngland in 1630, and was among
the first settlers of Springfield, Massachusetts.
Taking his Bachelor's degree at Harvard in 1S14
and his Master's later, he was preiiared for the
legal profession imder tlie direction of Levi Lincoln,

MERRICK, Pliny, 1794-1867.

Born in Brookfield, Mass., 1794; graduated at Har-
vard, 1814 ; acquired prominence as a lawyer; senior
counsel for the defence in the famous Dr. Webster

I'l.INY MERRICK

and practised in Bristol, Worcester and Suffolk
counties with marked success, having charge of
several imiiortant cases including the defence of
Professor Webster fur the murder of Dr. I'arkman.
From 1S24 to 1843 he held the office of District
Attorney for Worcester, was appointed Judge of
Common Pleas in 1S43, and again in 1S51, was
Municipal Judge in 1844. and Associate Justice of
the Supreme Court from 1853 until 1864. In
1856 he removed to Boston and resided there
until his death, which occurred February i, 1S67.
Judge Merrick was actively interested in the promo-
tion of public improvements and for some time he
served as President of the Worcester & Nashua
Railroad Company. He also devoted some of his

220

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

valuable time to the interests of Harvard, of whicli
he was an Overseer from 1852 to 1855, and re-
ceived from the College the degree of Doctor of
Laws in 1S53. His will provided a considerable
sum for the express purpose of furnishing the
City of Worcester with schools for the higher
branches of education.

MANNING, Jacob Merrill, 1824-1882.

Born in Greenwood, N. Y., 1824; graduated at Am-
herst, 1850; studied theology at Andover (Mass.)
Seminary ; ordained at Medford, 1854 ; Assistant at the
Old South Church, Boston, 1857: succeeded to the
Pastorship, 1872 ; retired as Pastor " Emeritus " ; Lec-
turer at Andover Seminary, 1866-1872; Overseer of
Harvard, 1860-1866; member of the Boston School
Board; Trustee of State Library, 1865 until his death
in 1882.

JACOB MERRILL MANNING, Overseer of
Harvard, was born in Greenwood, New York,
December 31, 1824. He was a graduate of
Amherst, Class of 1850, and of the Andover Theo-
logical Seminary, from which he was called to the
charge of a Medford, Massachusetts, Church in
1854, and three years later accepted the Assistant
Pastorship of the Old South Church, Boston. In
1872 he became Senior Pastor, the duties of which
he performed with marked ability until his retire-
ment as Pastor " Emeritus," and his death occurred
in Pordand, Maine, November 29, 1882. During
Mr. Manning's connection with the Old South
Society it celebrated, with appropriate ceremonies
the two hundredth anniversary of its existence in
1869. In 1859 and i860 he was Chaplain of the
Massachusetts Senate, and held a similar appoint-
rnent in the Forty-third Regiment, Massachusetts
Volunteers in 1862 and 1863. From i860 to 1866
he served as an Overseer of Harvard, his term
covering the entire period of the Civil War ; held
a Lectureship at the Andover Seminary from the
latter year until 1872 ; occupied a seat upon the
Boston School Board for some time ; and was a
Trustee of the State Library from 1865 until the
year of his death. At the ceremony attending the
raising of a flag upon the steeple of the Old South
Church in May, 1861, he delivered a stirring ad-
dress, and he also delivered an eloquent eulogy on
Henry Wilson at the State House, Boston, in 1S75.
His services as a lyceum speaker were in great
demand, and one of his most popular platform
efforts was a lecture on Samuel Adams.

MITCHEL, Jonathan, 1624-1668.

Born in England, 1624; came with his parents to
America in 1635; graduated at Harvard, 1647; Tutor
there, 1646 (?)-i650 (?) ; entered the ministry and suc-
ceeded Thomas Shepard as Pastor of the First Church,
Cambridge; Fellow of Harvard, 1 650-1 668 ; died, 1668.

JONATHAN MITCHEL, A.M., Tutor and
Fellow at Harvard, was born in Halifax,
England, in 1624. At the age of about ten years
he came to New England, with his parents, who
accompanied the Rev. Richard Mather, arriving at
Boston, August 17, 1835. His connection with
Harvard, from which he was graduated in 1647, was
practically continued for the rest of his life, as the
College records show that he acted as a Tutor prior
to and after his graduation, and his name appears
among the list of Fellows from 1650 to 1668.
Having prepared for the ministry he was called to
succeed the Rev. Thomas Hooker at Hartford, but
preferring to remain in Cambridge he became the
successor of the Rev. Thomas Shepard in the Pas-
torate of the first church. He was one of the
authors of the rules for church membership and
discipline established by the Boston Synod of 1662,
and the unpleasant task of publicly censuring Presi-
dent Henry Dunster for having espoused the Bap-
tist faith, was accomplished by him in such a quiet
and unobtrusive manner, as to spare the feelings of
his old preceptor and preserve his friendship. He
published a number of sermons, discourses and
letters, notable among which were : An Election
Sermon ; A Discourse of the Glory to which God
Hath Called the Believers by Jesus Christ, printed
in London and Boston; k Letter Concerning the
Subject of Baptism ; and Letter of Counsel to his
brother. Jonathan Mitchel died in Cambridge,
Massachusetts, July 9, 1668.

MITCHELL, William, 1791-1869.

Born in Nantucket, Mass., 1791 ; noted astronomer
and mathematician ; Overseer of Harvard, 1857-1865
and Chairman of the Visiting Committee to the As-
tronomical Observatory: died in Poughkeepsie, New
York, 1869.

WILLIAM MITCHELL, A.M., Overseer of
Harvard, was born in Nantucket, Massa-
chusetts, December 20, 1791. Prevented by the
War of I Si 2 from entering Harvard, for which he
had prepared, he was engaged in educational pur-
suits for a number of years, during which time he
spent his leisure hours in the study of astronomy

UNIFERSiriES AND THEIR SONS

221

and the higher mathematics for which, in his youth,
he displayed a decided predilection. His first
observatiuns were made through a primitive tele-
scope furnished by a clock-maker, but being ap-
pointed Cashier of the Pacific Bank, Nantucket, he
was enabled to provide improved facilities, and for
many years his routine duties at the bank were
interspersed with astronomical researches and deter-
minations made in collaboration with the scientists
of the United States Coast Survey. He was made
an honorary Master of Arts by Brown in 1848, by
Harvard in i860, and while acting as an Overseer
of the latter University from 1S57 to 1865, he
served as Chairman of the Visiting Committee to
the Astronomical Observatory. He was held in the
highest estimation by scientists both at home and
abroad, and was a fellow of the American Academy
of Arts and Sciences. William Mitchell died in
Poughkeepsie, New York, April 19, 1869. He was
the father of Maria Mitchell, who was educated
under his supervision, was Professor of Astronomy
at Vassar from 1865 to 1SS8, a member of several
scientific bodies including the American Association
for the Advancement of Science, and gained the
distinction of being the first woman to receive a
fellowship in the American Academy of Arts and
Sciences. Miss Mitchell was made a Doctor of
Laws by both Hanover and Columbia.

PAINE, Robert Treat, 1803-1885.

Born in Boston, Mass., 1803 ; graduated at Harvard,
1822; studied law, and admitted to the Bar; member
of the Boston Common Council, 1828, 1833 and 1834 :
member of the Board of Visitors to Harvard Observ-
atory, to which he left his entire fortune, amounting to
more than a quarter of a million dollars. Died in
Brookline, Mass., 1885.

ROBERT TREAT PAINE is a name long
standing on the books of Harvard, since no
less than six of Harvard's sons have borne it. To
Robert Treat Paine of the Class of 1822, however.
Harvard is especially indebted for a munificent
benefaction to the Astronomical Department of the
College, out of which the Paine Professorship of Prac-
tical Astronomy was founded in 1887. Mr. Paine
was born in Boston, October 12, 1803, and was the
grandson of Robert Treat Paine, a distinguished
jurist and patriot of the last century. He was
graduated from Harvard in 1822. being the third
alumnus of the same name, his father having gradu-

ated in 1792 and his grandfather in 1749. Having
finislied his course at Harvard, Mr. Paine studied
law and was admitted to the Bar. Interesting him-
self in the politics of his native city, he was a mem-
ber of the Common Covmcil in 182S, 1S33 and
1 834, but subsequently helil no political office. Dur-
ing the greater part of his life he devoted his time
to benevolence and scientific investigation, his in-
terest in astronomy being particularly marked. On
February 12, 1831, he observed the annular eclipse
of the sun from Moncjmoy Light, off Chatham. On
its recurrence fifty-four years later, in March 1885,

ROBERT TREAT P.-MNE

it was his intention to visit Montana to witness it
again, but failing health prevented his carrying out
his plan. This same illness continued and resulted
in his death at his home in P.rookline, June 3, 1885.
He had served on the Board of Visitors to the Har-
vard Observatory from its fotmdation luitil his death,
and he left his entire fortune aiuounting to more
than a quarter of a million to this department of the
University.

RANDALL, John Witt, 1813-1892.

Born in Boston, Mass., 1813 ; attended the Boston
Latin School ; graduated at Harvard, 1834 ; Medical
School, 1839; appointed Professor of Invertebrate

222

UNIVERSiriES AND THEIR SONS

Zoology in the Wilkes South Sea Expedition, but re-
signed before sailing ; died in Boston, Mass., 1892.

JQHN WriT RANDALL, M.D., Benefactor of
Harvard, and a prominent figure in American
scientific circles during a life of three-quarters of a
century, was born in Boston, November 6, 18 13.
He was the son of Dr. John and Elizabeth (Wells)
Randall, his mother being the granddaughter of
Samuel Adams, the patriot of the American Revolu-
tion. After attending tlie Boston Latin School he
graduated at Harvard in the Class of 1834, and
from the Harvard Medical School in 1839. His

JOHN W. RANDALL

tastes early developed in a scientific direction, en-
tomology being a branch to which he specially
devoted himself. His acquisitions as a naturalist
were speedily recognized, and to him came the ap-
pointment of Professor of Zoology in the Depart-
ment of Invertebrate Animals in the South Sea
(Wilkes) Exploring Expedition, which the LTnited
States fitted out shortly after his graduation. Weari-
some delays and internal jealousies so delayed the
setting out of the expedition that Dr. Randall saw
fit to resign the appointment. He afterward passed
his life quietly in retirement, devoting a considerable
part of his time to the collection of engravings, of
which he had one of the most rare and original col-
lections in America. This he donated to Harvard.

He began six volumes of poetic works, one of which
alone had been completed and published at the time
of his death. He was a contributor to several of
the scientific magazines and the publisher of a large
number of scientific monographs. One important
paper on the animals and plants of Maine, written
to accompany the Geological Survey of that State by
Dr. Charles T. Jackson, was lost before it reached
the printer and was not re-written up to the time of
Dr. Randall's death, which took place in Boston,
January 25, 1S92. Harvard received from his estate
the sum of ^30,000, also his large collection of
photographs, to establish the John Witt Randall
fund, the income to be used for the care and pre-
servation of his engravings, and the surplus for the
general purposes of the Department of Engraving
and Fine Arts.

SCHIFF, Jacob Henry, 1847-

Born in Frankfort-on-the-Main, Germany, in 1847;
educated in Frankfort ; entered the banking business ;
connected with N. Y, L. E. & W. R. R , Louisville &
Nashville R. R., Northern R. R., Equitable Life Assur-
ance Society, and Bond and Mortgage Guarantee Co. ;
President Montifiore Home for Chronic Invalids;
Treasurer N. Y. Free Circulating Library; Trustee of
Barnard College ; Member Chamber of Commerce,
the City, Reform and Lawyers' Clubs, Liederkranz,
etc.; member N. Y. Board of Education; founder
Semitic Museum at Harvard and benefactor of
Columbia.

JACOB HENRY SCHIFF, Founder of the Semi-
tic Museum at Harvard, and Benefactor of
Columbia, is a prominent New York banker. He
was born in the ancient city of Frankfort-on-the-
Main in 1 84 7. His parents were German Hebrews,
his father being a successful merchant. The boy
attended school in Frankfort and at the age of
eighteen came to tlie United States. He first was
associated in business with Budge, Schiff & Company.
In 1875 he became a member of the firm, Kuhn,
Loeb & Company, private bankers. Since 1885 he
has been head of the house, which has excellent con-
nections abroad, and has succeeded in placing large
orders for United States government securities, both
in Europe and at home. Mr. Schiff has been prom-
inent in the New York, Lake Erie & Western Rail-
road, the Louisville & Nashville Railroad, the great
Northern Railroad, the Equitable Life Assurance
Society, the Bond & Mortgage Guarantee Company,
and is a large holder of real estate in New York
City. He has been President of the Montifiore
Home for Chronic Invalids, Treasurer of the New

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

223

York Free Circulating Library, and a Trustee of tion in ilie Divinity School, which he occupied for

Barnard College. He is a member of the Chamber the rest of his life, which terminated at Cambridge,

of Commerce, and has been one of the Committee of March 21, 1884. Professor Abbot received the

Securitv, and is a member of the City, Reform and degree of Doctor of Laws from Vale in 1869, and

Lawyers' Clubs, as well as of Liederkrauz. He like- although a layman, that of Doctor of Divinity was

wise has served a number of years on the Board of conferred upon him by ILirvard in 1872. His

Education. In 1S89 Mr. Schiff gave $10,000 to library of five thousand volumes contained many

Harvard, for the purchase of objects illustrating valuable books, including a collection of Creek

Semitic life, history and art. In 1S92 he gave New Testaments of various editions, which he gave

;?5, 000 to Columbia toward the purchase of the new to the University Library, ami the remainder was

site at Morningside Heights, and in 1896 he bestowed bequeathed to the Divinity School with the provision

on Columbia ;>5,ooo for the endowment of a fund to that a more spacious and safe iilare of keeping be
be known as a "Students' Loan Fund." He was
married in 1875 to Theresa, the daughter of Solomon ^^

Loeb, his senior partner. He has two children, a
son and a daughter.

ABBOT, Ezra. 1819-1884.

Born in Jackson. Me , 1819; prepared for College at
Phillips-Exeter Academy and was graduated from
Bowdoin, Class of 1840 ; appointed Assistant Librarian
at Harvard in 1856, and to a Professorship in the Div-
inity School in 1872 ; was the author of numerous
works upon theological and Biblical subjects, and col-
lected a valuable library ; died in Cambridge. Mass.,
1884.

EZRA ABBOT, LL.D., S.T.D., Professor at the
Harvard Divinity School, was born in
Jackson, Maine, April 28, 1819. It is stated upon
good authority that when but nineteen months old
he knew every letter in the alphabet. Entering the
primary school at an unusually early age, he was
when five years old advanced to the first class in
reading, and at the age of seven years his teacher
was surprised at the lively interest displayed by the
young pupil in Rollin's Ancient History. But al-
though his intellectual development was so far in
advance of his playmates, this fact did not in the
least prevent him from indulging enthusiastically in
out-door sports, as is generally the case with extra-
ordinarily precocious scholars. On the contrary he
was fond of all pastime games, was an expert angler,
possessed a genial disposition, and could relate a
story or an incident in a most entertaining manner.
After the completion of his preparatory course at
Phillips-Exeter Academy, he entered Bowdoin from
which he was graduated in 1840, and almost imme-
diately took up his residence in Cambridge, Massa-
chusetts. His connection with Harvard began in
1856, when he accepted the appointment of Assist-
ant Librarian, and in 1872 he was called to the
Chair of New Testament Criticisms and Interpreta-

EZRA .\BBOT

secured as soon as possible. As a Unitarian he con-
tributed frequently to the periodicals of that denom-
ination, wrote numerous articles upon biblical
criticism for the North American Review, and tlie
Journal of the American Oriental Society. He was
a member of the .American Committee to revise the
New Testament, and as a Bibliographer his labors
were extremely important. His publisheil works
include a careful revision and collation with the
originals of the numerous quotations in Jeremy
Taylor's Holy Living and Dying, a new edition of
which he published in 1864; an extensive catalogue
of books upon Bibliography, prepared as an appen-
dix to Alger's Critical History of a Future Life; an
invaluable addition to tiie Prolegomena to the eighth
edition of Tischendorf's tireek Testament ; New

224

UNlFERSiriES ANB THEIR SONS

Discussions of the Trinity; Literature of the Doc-
trine of a Future Life ; and his most important as
well as his latest work, consisting of a small volume
on The Authorship of the Fourth Gospel. He
edited Norton's Statement of the Reasons for not
Believing the Doctrines of the Trinitarians ; Lam-
son's Church of the First Three Centuries, and
other controversial works. He also contributed to
the pronunciation of names in Worcester's Dic-
tionary. A memorial of Dr. Abbot was published
by the Alumni of Harvard Divinity School in 18S4.

a Lecturer in the Har\-ard Law School. Harvard
conferred upon him the honorary degree of Doctor
of Laws in 1S52, and he was similarly honored by
Brown in 1S57. He was a member of the Massa-
chusetts Historical Society, and a fellow of the
American Academy. His death occurred in New-
port, Rhode Island, September 15, 1874. His
published works include, besides many volumes of
legal reports and digests, his Memoir and Writings,

CURTIS, Benjamin Robbins, 1809-1874.

Born in Watertown, Mass., i8og; graduated at Har-
vard, 1829 and Harvard Law School, 1832; admitted to
the Bar, 1832; practised for a short time in Northfield,
Mass., and afterwards in Boston ; Judge U. S. Supreme
Court, 1851-1857; counsel for defence in impeachment
trial of President Johnson, 1868; Fellow of Harvard
Corporation, 1846-1851 ; Lecturer Harvard Law School,
1872-1873; Democratic candidate for United States
Senator, 1874; member Massachusetts Historical So-
ciety and fellow American Academy; died in Newport,
R. L, 1874.

BENJAMIN ROBBINS CURTIS, LL.D., FeL
low of Harvard and Lecturer in the Harvard
Law School, was born in Watertown, Massachusetts,
November 4, 1S09. He was graduated at Harvard
in 1S29 and at the Harvard Law School in 1832,
and was admitted to the Bar in the latter year.
Entering upon practice in Northfield, Massachusetts,
he soon after removed to Boston, where his legal
attainments and judicial mind advanced him rapidly
to an eminent rank in his profession. Appointed to
the Bench of the United States Supreme Court in
1851, by President Fillmore, he came into national
prominence by dissenting from the decision of the
court in the celebrated Dred Scott case, and by the
powerful argument advanced in support of his con-
clusions. Resigning from the Bench in 1857, he
resumed practice in Boston. As one of the counsel
for President Johnson in the impeachment trial in
1868, the answer to the articles of impeachment
devolved largely upon him, and his opening for the
defence was regarded as a masterpiece of legal
clearness and ability. Judge Curtis' devotion to his
profession prevented him from taking much active
interest in politics ; he served two terms in the
Massachusetts Legislature, and in 1874 was the
candidate of the Democratic party for United
States Senator. He was a member of the Corpora-
tion of Harvard 1S46-1851, and in 1872-1873 was

BENJAMIN R. CURTIS

in two volumes ; the first containing a memoir by
his brother, George Ticknor Curtis, and the latter
consisting of miscellaneous writings edited by his
son Benjamin R. Curtis.

CURTIS, George Ticknor, 1812-1894.

Born in Watertown, Mass., 1812; graduated at Har-
vard 1832; admitted to the Bar, 1836; practised in
Boston until removed to New York in 1862; Lecturer
Harvard Law School, 1847-1848; member Massachu-
setts Historical Society ; author of many legal and
historical works ; died in 1894.

GEORGE TICKNOR CURTIS, Lecturer in
the Harvard Law School, was born in
Watertown, Massachusetts, November 28, 181 2, and
was graduated at Harvard in 1832. After admission
to the Bar in 1836, he practised Law in Boston
until 1862, when he took up his residence in New

UNf/'KRS/riKS JM) -Illl-JR SONS

225

York, and afterwards devoted much time to histor-
ic;il investigations and to literary work. 1 f e was a
member of the Massachusetts Legislature for several
terms, but never interested himself in politics to the
extent of interfering with his profession and other
chosen pursuits. He served for a time as Uniteil
States Commissioner at Boston, in wliich capacity,
in 185 I, he had occasion to return a fugitive slave
to liis master, an act by which he incurred the ani-
mosity and severe denunciations of the abolitionists.
He was a Lecturer in the Harvard Law .School in
1 847-1848. Mr. Curtis published a great number
of legal digests, manuals, commentaries, etc., also a
History of tiie Origin, Formation and Adoption of
the Constitution of the United States, two volumes ;
a Life of Daniel Webster; Life of James Buchanan;
Creation and Evolution ; and other works. He was
a member and later corresponding member of the
l\Lissachusctts Historical Society. He died in New
York City, ISLarch 28, 1894.

LOTHROP, John, 1740-1816.

Born in Norwich, Conn-, 1740; graduated at Prince-
ton, 1763; studied theology under Dr. Eleazar Wheel-
ock ; Pastor of the old North Church, Boston, 1768;
preached in Providence, R. I., 1775-1776; resumed his
labors in Boston after its evacuation by the British;
Fellow of Harvard, 1778-1815; Secretary of the Board
of Overseers, 1804-1816; died in Boston, Mass., 1816.

JOHN LOTHROP, S.T.D., Fellow of Harvard,
was born in Norwich, Connecticut, May 17,
1740. His great-grandfather was the Rev. John
Lothrop, who founded the church in Barnstable,
]\Lassachusetts in 1639, and the great-grandson
spelled his name after the manner of his sturdy an-
cestor. Relinquishing the study of medicine in
order to enter the ministry, he prepared for his
divinity studies by pursuing a classical course at
Princeton, from which he was graduated in 1 763,
and while studying theology under Dr. Eleazar
Wlieelock, he taught in the latter's Indian school.
After spending some time in missionary work among
the Indians he was called to the pulpit of the old
North Church, Boston in i 768. During the turbu-
lent times attending the occupancy of the town by
liritish troops he preached in Providence, Rhode
Island, and finding his church in ruins upon his
return in 1776, he officiated as assistant to Dr.
Ebenezer Pemberton until the latter's death, when
he accepted the Pastorate of the tniited societies.
Dr. Lothrop was made a Master of Arts in course
VOL. II, — 15

by Princeton, received the same degree (honorary)
from Harvard in 176S, andwas honored by I'Min-
burgh with that of Doctor of Divinity in 1785.
His services to Harvard were ])erformed as a Fellow
from 177S to 1815, and as Secretary of its lioard
of Overseers from 1804 to 1816. His published
works consist of sermons and papers printed in
the collections of the American Academy of Arts
and Sciences of whicii he was a member, a Biograph-
ical Memoir of tlie Rev. John Lotiirop and a Com-

JOHN T,OTHROP

pendious History of the Late War (1815). Dr.
Lothrop died in Boston, January 4, 1816. His son,
John, Harvard 1789, was a well-known poet, ed-
ucator and lecturer of his day.

MATHER, Cotton, 1663-1727.

Born in Boston. Mass.. 1663; graduated at Harvard,
1678; Pastor of the North Church, Boston, Associate
and Senior, 1684 till death ; Fellow of Harvard, 1690-
1703; conceded to be one of the greatest American
scholars of his day and the author of three hundred
and eighty-two volumes ; died, 1727.

COTTON MATHER, S.T.D., Fellow of Har-
vard, son of Increase Mather, was born in
Boston, February 12, 1663. He studied at Har-
vard graduating in 1678 at the age of fifteen, and in
spite of the habit of stammering, which seriously

226

UNIFERSITIES JND THEIR SONS

impeded for a time liis entrance to tlie ministry, he
preached when seventeen years ohl, having l)y liis
own exertions eradicated the fault. From 1684 to
1723 he assisted his father in the Pastorate of the
Second Church, and succeeding the hitter continued
in charge for the rest of his life. He was a firm
believer in the witchcraft delusion, which he con-
sidered to be a diabolical visitation, yet his desire
to closely investigate the so-called e\il influence
caused him to take an alleged possessed girl into his
own house for the purpose of observing minutely
the exact nature of the uncanny phenomena, but

COTTON ^L\THER

the result seems to have strengthened his belief as
he sanctioned the Salem executions of 1692, and
though he later acknowledged that ultra-extreme
measures had been resorted to, he never regretted
the occurrence, nor did he cease to regard the
trouble as directly the work of evil spirits. The
somewhat narrow theology resulting from the reli-
gious superstition of the time, did not prevent him
from fostering his desire for intellectual advance-
ment, which he gratified to the highest degree
possible to obtain, being regarded by his contem-
poraries as the most eminent scholar in America,
and although the charges of personal vanity are
more or less true, he cannot be justly charged with
its kindred fault, selfishness, as he was equally

desirous that educational facilities should be open
to all, even to the negro children, for whom he
established a school, which he supported at his own
expense. Cotton Mather died in Boston, February
13, 1727, and his remains lie interred beside those
of his father in the family vault at Copp's Hill Cem-
etery. In I 7 10 he received from the University of
CJlasgow the degree of Doctor of Divinity, was hon-
ored with a fellowship in the Royal Society, London
three years later, being the first American accorded
that distinction, and was a member of the Harvard
Corporation from 1690 to 1703. According to his
son, Samuel Mather, his literary works numbered
three hundred and eighty-two publications, of which
two hundred and forty-two volumes had been col-
lected and identified up to 1879, but John Langdon
Sibley in his work on the early graduates of Harvard,
credits him with a still larger number. Some of
his best-known works are : Magnalia Christi Ameri-
cana; Psalterium Americanum, and Biblia.\mericana
or Sacred Scriptures of the Old and New Testament,
illustrated.

MONIS, Judah, 1683-1764.

Born in Italy, 1683; Instructor in Hebrew at Har-
vard, 1722-1760; published a Hebrew Grammar; died
in Northborough, Mass., 1764.

JUDAH MONIS, Instructor in Hebrew at Har-
vard, was born in Italy, February 4, 1683, of
Jewish parentage, who provided him with a good
education. He emigrated to America, and being
subsequently converted to Christianity, made open
declaration of his faith and was publicly baptized in
Cambridge, Massachusetts. That the authorities
of Harvard which was at that time the principal and
with one exception the only seat of learning for theo-
logical students in America, were quick to secure
the valuable services of this convert, is much to their
credit. From 1722 to 1760 he taught Hebrew at
the College, during which time he gained by his up-
right character and benevolence the sincere affection
of the many students who profited by his instruc-
tion. Rabbi Monis, as he was generally known,
received the honorary degree of Master of Arts from
Harvard in 1720. He is believed to have married
a sister of Rev. John Martin, the first settled minister
in Northborough, Massachusetts, where he spent the
last four years of his life, and he died April 25, i 764.
Rabbi Monis was the author of a Hebrew Gram-
mar and a work entitled : Truth, Whole Truth and
Nothing but Truth. The following is a copy of the

UNIVERSITIES JND THEIR SONS

227

unique inscription upon his headstone, which is still
standing in the only Northborough burying-ground :

" Heru lie buried the remains of Rabbi Judah Monis, M.
A., Late Hebrew Instructor At Harvard College in
Cambridge ; In which office he continued 40 years.
He was by birth and religion a Jew, But embraced
the Christian faith, And was publickly baptized, At
Cambridge, A.D. 1722, And departed this life April
25th, 1764, aged eighty one years, two months and
twenty one days.

" A native branch of Jacob see.
Which, once from off its olive broke,
Regrafled from the living tree (Rom. XI. 17, 24,)
Of the reviving sap partook.

"From teeming Zion's fertile womb (Isa. LXVI. S),
As devvey drops in early morn (I's. CX. 3),
Or rising bodies from the tomb (John V. 28, 29),
At once be Israel's nation born (Isa, LXVI. S)."

MORTON, Marcus, 1784-1864.

Born in Freetown, Mass., 1784; graduated at Brown,
1804; noted lawyer and politician ; Clerk of the State
Senate, 1811 ; member of Congress, 1817-1821 ; member
of the Executive Council. 1823 ; Lieutenant-Governor,
1824; Associate Justice Supreme Court, 1825-1839:
Governor of Massachusetts, 1840 and again in 1843:
Collector of the Port of Boston, 1845-1848; member of
the State Constitutional Convention, 1853 ; Repre-
sentative to the Legislature, 1858; Overseer of Har-
vard, 1826-1852; and again 1854-1860; died in Taunton,
1864.

MARCUS MORTON, LL.D., Overseer of
Harvard, was born in Freetown, Massa-
chusetts, February 19, 1784. He was educated
at Brown, graduating in 1804, studied law and was
admitted to the Bar in Taunton, where he engaged
in practice. His political qualifications caused his
appointment as Clerk of the State Senate in 181 1,
and in 18 16 he was elected a member of the
National House of Representatives serving in that
capacity two terms. In 1823 he was a member
of Governor William Eustis' Council, and elected
Lieutenant-Governor for the following year. For
fourteen years (i 825-1 839), he was an Associate
Justice of the Supreme Court, was elected Governor
in 1840, succeeding Edward Everett, whom he de-
feated by one vote, and was again elected in 1843.
He was appointed Collector of Customs for the Port
of Boston in 1845, resigning in 1848, in which year
he abandoned the Democratic party for the Free-
soil movement, and was a member of the Conven-
tion for the .\mendment of the State Constitution in
1853. la 1S53 he represented his district in the

Legislature, and was opposed to the secession of
the slave states. Governor Morton was made a
Master of Arts and a Doctor of Laws by Brown, and
in 1840 received the latter degree from Harvard, of
which he was an Overseer froin 1826 to 1852, and
again from 1S54 to 1S60. He died in '!aunt(_.n,

MARCUS MORTON

Massachusetts, February 6, 1864. His son, I\Larcus,
who graduated at the Harvard Law School, became
Associate Justice of the Superior and Supreme Courts
and Chief-Justice of the latter in 1872.

MORTON, Charles, 1626-1698.

Born in England, 1626 ; graduate of Oxford ; took
holy orders ; converted to Puritanism and was for some
years engaged in preaching and teaching; emigrated
in i586; Pastor of the church in Charlestown, Mass.,
for the rest of his life ; Lecturer at Harvard ; Fellow of
the College, 1692-97 ; Vice-President, 1697-98 ; died,
i6g8.

CHARLES MORTON, Vice-President of Har-
vard, was born in Pendavy, Cornwall, Eng-
land, in 1626. Thomas Morton, Secretary to King
Edward HL, was his ancestor. Educated at O.xfurd,
he acquired a fellowship there, and took orders in the
Established Church. He was numbered among the
Royalist clergy until his conversion to Puritanism,
and the Conformity .Act of 1662 caused his e.xpul-

228

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

sion. ile subsequently presided over a suiall gather-
ing of non-conformists in the Parish of St. Ives until
after the great London conliagration of 1666, when
he engaged in teaching, and for some years was the
Preceptor of an academy for boys, located at Alvving-
ton Green, of which Daniel Defoe was an attendant.
Continued persecution by the Bishops' Court at length
compelled him to seek an asylum in New England,
whither he was accompanied by Samuel Penhallow,
the future historian, who was at that time studying
imder his tuition, and shortly after his arrival (1686),
he was called to the Pastorate of the Church in
Charlestown, Massachusetts, which he retained for
the rest of his life. For some time he delivered
philosophical lectures to an assemblage of Harvard
students, but the Corporation s.aw fit to cause their
suspension. They were, however, desirous of retain-
ing his services at the College, both on account of
his superior learning and the moral influences he
exercised over the students, aiul it was proposed to
offer him the Presidency, but the majority of the
Board considered it unsafe to place in that high
office a man to whom the Government was so vio-
lently opposed. He was honored with a Fellowship
in 1692, and in 1697 was elected the first Vice-
President of Harvard, which office was created
especially for him. Charles Morton died in Boston,
April II, 1698. He was the author of: The Ark;
Its Loss and Recovery ; a System of Logic : long
used as a text-book at Harvard ; A Discourse on
Improving the County of Cornwall ; A Complete
System of Natural Philosophy in General and Par-
ticular; now in the Bowdoin College Library; and
a manuscript pamphlet entitled Compendium Physi-
cale ex Auctoribus Extractum, preserved by the
American .\ntiquarian Society.

1809. He was graduated at Harvard in 1829,
was appointed Tutor there in 1831, University
Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy
in 1833 ; and Perkins Professor of Astronomy and
Mathematics in 1842. From 1836 to 1846 he
issued a series of text-books on Geometry, Trigo-
nometry, Algebra, and Curves, Functions, and
Forces. The books were so full of novelties that
they never became widely popular, but nevertheless
had a prominent influence upon mathematical teach-
ing in this country. During the year 1842, Pro-
fessors Peirce and Lovering published a Cambridge

BENJAMIN PEIKCE

PEIRCE, Benjamin, 1809-1880.

Born in Salem, Mass., 1809; graduated at Harvard,
1829; Tutor, 1831 ; Prof. Mathematics and Natural
Philosophy, 1833, Perkins Prof. Astronomy and Math-
ematics, 1842; Consulting Astronomer to American
Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac ; Supt. U. S. Coast
Survey; member American Philosophical Society;
fellow of the American Academy and of the Royal
Society, London and Edinburgh, etc. ; died at Cam-
bridge, Mass., i88d.

BENJ.\MIN PEIRCE, LL.D., Professor at
Harvard, whose name occupies a conspicu-
ous place in the galaxy that has shed a brilliant
lustre over the Academic Department of that Uni-
versity, was born in Salem, Massachusetts, April 4,

Miscellany of Mathematics and Physics in which
Peirce gave an analytical solution of the motion of
a top. About the same time he adapted the epi-
cycles of Hipparchus to the analytical forms of
modern science, and the method was used by Lov-
ering in Meteorological discussions communicated
to the American Academy. The coinet of 1843
gave Professor Peirce the opportunity, by a few
striking lectures in Boston, to arouse an interest in
astronomy which led to the foundation of the obser-
vatory in Cambridge, and the result of his computa-
tions made possible the still more important services
to astronomy which he, together with Sears S. Walker,
rendered in connection with the discovery of Nep-
tune. A few years later Peirce published the re-

UNIVERSiriES AND THEIR SONS

229

markable results of his labors upon Saturn's rings,
proving by his investigations that tiie ring, if fluid,
could not be sustained by the planet, as had been
contended, but was on the contrary sustained by tlie
numerous satellites around the planet. In 1S49 he
was appointed Consulting Astronomer to the Ameri-
can Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac. He also
assisted Professor Ijache in the United States Coast
Survey until, in 1867, he was appointed Superinten-
dent, which position he held until 1874. Many
monograms bearing the mark of Peirce's individuality
and power were read by him before academies, soci-
eties and institutions. In 1857 he published a vol-
ume summing up the most valuable and most brilliant
of analytical mechanics, interspersing them with ori-
ginal results of his own labor. His mathematical
treatises and text-books, ranging from Algebra to
the highest forms of computations, have for years
been the acknowledged authorities in the leading
Colleges and Universities of the world. Professor
Peirce was a fellow of the .'\merican Academy and
the Royal Society London and Edinburgh, also a
member of the American Philosophical Society and
various other scientific societies of America and
Europe. After a life full of honors and of success,
Benjamin Peirce passed away in Cambridge, Massa-
chusetts, October 6, 1880.

PERKINS, Charles Callahan, 1823-1886.

Born in Boston, Mass , 1823 ; graduated at Harvard,
1843 ; studied music and art abroad ; Lecturer at Har-
vard, 1869-75; °"^ °f 'he founders of the Museum of
Fine Arts ; President of the Boston Art Club, 1869-79 ;
of the Handel and Haydn Society, 1875-86; member of
Boston School Board, 1870-83 ; noted author, editor,
art critic and musician; member of the Legion of
Honor of France ; died, 1886.

CHARLES CALLAHAN PERKINS, A.M.,
Lecturer at Harvard, was born in Boston,
Massachusetts, March i, 1823. After the comple-
tion of his classical course he spent some time in
Rome and Paris studying art and music, and upon
a subsequent visit he studied etching, which he was
among the first to introduce into the United States.
Identifying himself with the musical, art and educa-
tional circles of Boston, he became wiilely known as
an author, editor and critic, and was actively inter-
ested in securing the erection of the present Boston
Music Hall, completed in 1852. As one of the
promoters and honorary Directors of the Museum
of Fine /\rts he took much interest in the develop-
ment of that institution, and from 1S69 to 1S79 he

was Prcsitlent of the lioston .Vrt ( 'lub. l-'or many
years he was a leading member of the Handel and
llayiln Society, sometimes acting as its Conductor,
and from 1875 to 1886 he was its President. The
introduction of music and the Einc Arts into the
[lublic sc-hool system of Boston, was the result of
his efforts while serving on the Scliool lio;ird, 1870
to 18S3, and his earnest endeavor to iinjirove the
artistic taste of the pupils by placing within their
reach the elementary principles of these studies,
is deserving of the highest commendation. As a
member of the lecture force at Harvard, 1869 to
1S75, his services were extremely valuable to the
students. Mr. Perkins enjoyed the personal friend-
ship of many distinguished people among whom
was the Hon. William M. Evarts, and it was while
driving with the latter at Windsor, Vermont, that
the accident occurred which caused his death,
August 25, 1886. He was a fellow of the Ameri-
can Academy of Arts and Sciences, member of the
Massachusetts Historical .Society, the Legion of
Honor of France, and corresponding member of
the French Institute. He is the author of Tuscan
Sculptors ; Italian .Sculptors ; Art in Education ;
Raphael and Michel Angelo ; Sepulchral Monu-
ments in Italy ; Historical Handbook of Italian
Sculptors ; Cheberti et son (Jcole ; and at the time
of his death was engaged upon a history of the
Handel and Haydn Society of Pioston, which was
completed by John S. Dwight. He was also con-
cerned in the Editorship of Champlin's Cyclopaedia
of Painters and Paintings.

HIGGINSON, Stephen, 1770-1834.

Born in Salem, Mass., 1770 ; was a prominent Boston
merchant and noted for his acts of charity and benevo-
lence ; served as Steward of Harvard, 1819-1827; died
in Cambridge, 1834.

STEPHEN HKKJINSON, Steward of Harvard,
was a lineal descendant of the Rev. Francis
Higginson, one of the foimders of Salem, Massa-
chusetts, and his birth took place in that town,
November 20, 1770. His father, who was also
named Stephen, was a prosperous merchant and
shipmaster, and the son follovveti the former occu-
pation in Boston with m:trked success. He was es-
pecially noted as a philanthropist, and his many acts
of charity and benevolence caused hint to be known
as the "Man of Ross" of his day. He resided in
Cambridge, where his death occinred February 20,
1S34, and for seven years (1819-1S27) he ably
performed the iluties of Steward of Harvartl.

230

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

ANDREEN, Gustav Albert, 1864-

Born in Baileytown, Indiana, 1864 ; fitted for College
in Swedona, 111.; graduated from Augustana College
1881 and Instructor there 188284; Instructor Bethany
College, 1886-93 ; Vice-President of the Institution,
1893 ; student at Yale, 1893-94; Tutor in German, Yale,
1894-98; Instructor in Scandinavian Languages, 1898.

GUSTAV ALBKRT AN'DREKN, Instructorat
Yale, was born in Baileytown, Indiana, March
13, 1864, son of Andrew and Hilda (Esping) An-
dreen. His ancestry was Swedish on both sides.
He attended the public and parochial schools of

GUSTAV A. ANDREEN

Swedona, Illinois, and was prepared by a Tutor for
Augustana College, where he graduated in 1881.
He taught Latin and German there from 1S82 to
1S84, and then studied law for sixteen months in
Rock Island. He then accepted a call to teach
Greek and German at Bethany College, Kansas, where
he remained until 1893, acting as Vice-President of
the Institution during the last year of his stay. Mr.
Andreen resigned this position in order to pursue
further studies, and entered the Class of 1894 at
Yale in its Senior year, accepting at its close the
position of Tutor in German in the Academic
Department. In 1898 he was made an Instructor
in the Scandinavian Languages, and at the same
time was given a two years' leave of absence for

study abroad. He attended the Scandinavian
Philological Convention at Christiana in the summer
of 189S, and has been spending the first year of
his absence in Norway and Sweden, studying at the
L-niversity of Upsala. His second year's work will
be done for the most part in Norway, although he
intends to spend some time in Germany, returning
in time to take charge of his classes at the begin-
ing of the College year in 1900. Mr. Andreen was
married August 7, 1890, to Marie Augusta Strand, of
Junction City, Kansas, and has three children :
Paul Harold, Marion Albert and Esther Miriam
Andreen. He has taken a lively interest in Con-
necticut politics since his residence in New Haven,
and in the national campaign in 1S96 he spoke in
different parts of the state in behalf of sound
money.

BISSELL, Clark, 1782-1857.

Born in Lebanon, Conn., 1782 ; graduated at Yale,
1806; Justice of the Conn. Supreme Court, 1829-1839 ;
Governor of that State, 1847-1849; Professor of the
Yale Law School, 1847-1855. Died, 1857.

CLARK BISSELL, LL.D., Governor of Con-
necticut and Law Professor at Yale, was
a native of Lebanon, that state, and was born in
1782. He was a graduate of Yale, Class of 1806
and settling in Norwalk, Connecticut, was for many
years engaged in the practice of law. In 1829, he
was appointed Associate Justice of the Supreme
Court, holding his seat upon the Bench for ten
years; was elected Governor in 1847 and re-elected
in 1848. In 1847 he was called to the Kent Pro-
fessorship in the Law Department of Yale, and
continued a member of the Faculty until 1857.
Governor Bissell received the degree of Doctor of
Laws from his alma mater in 1847 and was a Fellow
ex-ofificio.

BUSHNELL, George, 1818-1898.

Born in New Preston, Conn., 1818; educated at Yale
and the Divinity School, graduating from the latter,
1846 ; held Pastorates in Worcester, Mass., Waterbury,
Conn., and Beloit, Wis. ; was a Fellow of Yale, 1888-
1898. Died at New Haven, Conn.. 1898.

GEORGE BUSHNELL, D.D., a member of
the Yale Corporation, was born in New
Preston, Connecticut, December 13, 181 8. He
was a graduate of Yale, Class of 1842, and com-
pleted his theological studies at the Divinity School
in 1S46. He was ordained to the ministry the

UNIVERSITIES JND THEIR SONS

231

same year, and in 1S4S responded to a call from
the Salem Street Congregational C'lmreh, Worcester,
Massachusetts, remaining there some eight years.
His next charge was in Waterbury, Connecticut,
where he labored from 1S5S to 1S65, in which year
he removed to Beloit, Wisconsin, and was Pastor of
the Congregational Church in that town for nineteen
years. In 1884, Dr. Bushnell retired permanently
from regular pastoral work, and returning East,
settled in New Haven, wlu-re he died, April 5, 1898.
At the time of his death he was a Fellow of Yale,
having been elected to the Corporation in iSS.".
He received the degree of Doctor of Divinity from
Beloit College in 1879.

BACON, Leonard Woolsey, Jr., 1865-

Born in Stamford, Conn., 1865; prepared for College
at various schools in Europe and America, finishing at
Andover, Mass. : attended Amherst, Yale, Leipzig,
University of Penn. and University of Syracuse ;
graduated Yale Medical School, 1892; honorary B. A.
Yale, 1894; Town Physician, New Haven, 1893-95;
Physician to Almshouse, New Haven, 1895-96; Assist-
ant in Medical Clinic. Yale Medical School, 1892-94;
Assistant in Surgery, 1894-97; Instructor in Operative
Surgery since 1897.

LEONARD WOOLSEY B.\CON, Jr., 1\[.D.,
Instructor in Operative Surgery at the Yale
Medical School, was born in Stamford, Connecticut,
February 24, 1865, son of Leonard Woolsey and
Susan Bacon. His early education was obtained at
a number of different institutions, both at home and
abroad. He attended public schools in Germany
and in Switzerland ; the Free Academy at Norwich,
Connecticut ; the Bingham School, North Carolina;
and graduated from Phillips Academy, Andover,
Massachusetts. His Freshman year at College was
taken at .Amherst ; his Sophomore and Junior years
with the Class of 18S8 at Yale. In October, 1887,
he went to Leipsic and took one semester in philos-
ophy and one in medicine. He also studied one
term in the Medical Department of the L'niversity
of Pennsylvania, and one at Syracuse LTniversity.
At the time of the Johnstown flood. Dr. Bacon
ser\'ed three months with the Red Cross, and subse-
quently studied for over a year at the Mills Training
School for Male Nurses in connection with Bellevue
Hospital, New York City. He acted as a profes-
sional nurse during 18S9 and 1890, and graduated
from the Yale Medical School in 1892. He re-
ceived an honorary Bachelor of Arts degree from
Yale in 1S94. Upon graduation from the Medical

School he settk-d in New Haven anil heg.iu the
practice of his jirofession. He assisted in tlie
Medical Clinic of his a/iihi malir from 1892 to
1894; assisteil in the Surgical Clinic from 1S94 to
1S97, and was ajjpoinled Instructor in Ojjcrative
Surgery in 1897. From 1895 to 1S95 he was Town
Physician, and from 1S95 to 1896 Physician to the
.Mmshouse. Dr. Bacon was married July 6, 1S92,
to Emma Waleska S( hnceloch, and has two children ;

LEONARD VV. HACdN, JR

Leonard Woolsey Bacon, 3d (.April 23, 1S94) and
ICmrna Waleska Bacon (.\pril 30, 1897). Dr.
Bacon is a member of the New Haven Medical
Association and of the Connecticut Medical Society.

BISHOP, Louis Bennett, 1865-

Born in Guilford. Conn., 1865 ; prepared for College
at Hopkins Grammar School, New Haven: graduated
from Yale 1886 and from Yale Medical School. 1888:
studied at the New York Polyclinic and in Vienna ;
House Staff New Haven Hospital, 1889-90: Assistant
in Surgical Clinic Yale Medical School, 1893-95, Pedi-
atric Clinic, 1895.

LOUIS BENNETT BISHOP, M.D., Assistant
at Yale, was born in ( luilford, Conn., June
5, 1865, son of Timothy Huggins and Jane Maria
(Bennett) Bisho]). He prepared for College at the
Hopkins C.ramniar School of New Haven, and

O '^ "^

UNJf^ERSJTIES AND THEIR SONS

graduated from Vale in iS86, nnd from the Vale
Medical School in 1888. He then attended the
New Vork Polyclinic, and subsequently became a
member of the House Staff of the New Haven
Hospital. In 1S91 he took the winter semester
in Vienna. He became Assistant in the Surgical
Clinic of the New Haven Dispensary and the Vale
Medical School in 1893. Since 1S95 he has acted
as Assistant in the Children's Department of the
same institutions. Dr. Bishop is a member of a
number of societies and clubs, among others the

LOUIS B. BISHOP

Cit)', County and State Medical Societies, the
American Ornithological Union, the Linnasan
Society of New York, the Graduates' Club of New
Haven and the Yale Club of New Vork.

BUSHNELL, Horace, 1802-1876.

Born in New Preston, Conn., 1802; graduated at
Yale, 1827 ; Tutor there, 1829-31 ; studied law and
theology; Pastor of the North Congregational Church,
Hartford. Conn., 1833-1859; noted as an eloquent
preacher and able writer. Died in Hartford, Conn.,
1876.

HORACE BUSHNELL, D.D., LL.i:»., Tutor
at Yale, was born in New Preston, Litch-
field county, Connecticut, .April 14, 1802. Previous
to his College preparations he worked in a fulling
mill, and after completing the regular course at Yale

(1 82 7), he turned his attention to literary and edu-
cational pursuits, first as l^iterary Editor of the New
York Journal of Commerce, and later as a school
teacher in Norwich, Connecticut. From 1829 to
1 83 1 he was a law student at Yale, serving as a
Tutor in the College while pursuing his studies, and
he subsequently prepared himself for the Ministry.
His only Pastorate was that of the North Congre-
gational Church, Hartford, where he was ordained in
May 1833, and his pastoral relations with the society
continued for twenty-si.x years, or until 1859, when
his retirement was made necessary owing to the im-
paired condition of his health. Dr. Bushnell was
progressive in his ideas, eloquent in expression and
fearless in the utterance of his convictions. While
travelling in Europe (1846) a letter written by him
to the Pope was published in London, and in 1 849
he was summoned before the -Association of Con-
gregational Ministers on account of his views upon
the doctrine of the Trinity contained in a book
issued by him, entitled God in Christ, but his able
defence prevented the charge of heresy from being
sustained. The last seventeen years of his life were
devoted almost exclusively to literary work which he
pursued industriously in spite of his physical dis-
ability, and he died in Hartford, Connecticut, Feb-
ruary 17, 1876. From Yale he received the degrees
of Bachelor of Arts, Master of Arts and Doctor of
Laws, the latter in 1871 ; and that of Doctor of
Divinity was conferred upon him by Wesleyan and
Harvard in 1842 and 1852 respectively. Besides
his contributions to periodicals he published nu-
merous sermons, essays, etc., including his defence
against the charge of heresy issued under the title of
Christ in Theology ; Christian Nurture ; Nature and
the Supernatural ; Character of Jesus ; Work and
Play ; Christ and his Salvation ; The Vicarious
Sacrifice ; Moral LTses of Dark Things ; and Woman
Suffrage, the Reform against Nature. His later
writings were : Sermons on Living Subjects ; and
Forgiveness and Law. Bushnell Park, Hartford, in
which the State House is located, was named in his
honor.

COLEMAN, Lyman, 1796-1882.

Born in Middlefield, Mass., 1796; graduated at Yale,
1817; Principal of the Hartford, Conn.. Latin Grammar
School three years; Tutor at Yale five years ; studied
theology at the Yale Divinity School ; Pastor of the
Congregational Church in Belchertown, Mass., seven
years; Principal of the Burr Seminary, Vt., five years
and subsequently of the English Department of the
Phillips- Andover Academy; studied abroad two years;

UNIFERSITIF.S JXn Til F. IK SONS

233

taught German at Princeton and Amherst ; Professor
of Greek and Latin at Lafayette College, Pa., seven
years, and occupied the Chair of Latin Language and
Literature there for the rest of his life; died, 1882.

L V.MAN LXJLEMAN, D.D., Tutor at Yale, ami
afterward Professor at rriuceton, Amherst
and Lafayette, was born in MidiUefield, Massachu-
setts, June 14, 1796. He entered Yale with the
Class of 1S17, receiving his Bachelor's degree at
graduation and that of Master of Arts in course.
After serving as Principal of the Latin Grammar
School in Hartford, Connecticut, for three years, he
returned to Yale as Tutor and student in 1820,
acting in the former capacity for five years, and
during that time he studied theology. Accepting
a call to the Congregational Church in Belchertown,
Massachusetts, he labored there for seven years, at
the expiration of which time, he resumed educa-
tional work, taking charge for tiie next five years
of the Burr and Burton Seminary at Manchester,
Vermont, and going from there to Phillips-Andover
Acadeniy as Principal of the English Department.
The years 1S42 and 1843 were devoted to studying
in Germany, and after his return he turned his at-
tention to teaching the German Language first at
Princeton and later at Amherst. In 1861 he was
appointed Professor of Greek and Latin at Lafayette
College, Easton, Pennsylvania, and in 1861 was
given the newly created Chair of Latin Language
and Literature. Professor Coleman remained at
Lafayette for the rest of his life, which terminated
March 16, 1S82. He received the honorary degree
of Master of Arts from Middlebury in 1833, and
that of Doctor of Divinity from Princeton in 1847.
Prior to settling in Easton he made an extended
tour in Europe, Palestine and Egypt. Besides a
translation from the German entitled : Antiquities
of the Christian Church, he published : The Apos-
tolical and Primitive Church ; Historical Geography
of the Bible; Ancient Christianity; Historical Text-
book and Atlas of Biblical Geography ; Prelacy and
Ritualism ; and a genealogy of the Lyman family.

BANCROFT, Cecil Kittredge, 1868-

Born, at Lookout Mountain, Tenn., 1868 ; prepared for
college at Andover, Mass. ; graduated from Yale in
1891; taught in Morris Academy, 1891 93 ; postgraduate
course at Yale 1893 95: Tutor in Latin at Yale, 1895.

CECIL KnTRED(;E BANCROFT, Tutor at
Yale, was born at Lookout Motintain, Ten-
nessee, December 15, 1S68, son of Cecil Franklin

Patch and 1-" ranees Adclia (Kittredge) Bancroft
His preparation for College was made at the Phillips
Academy, Andover, and he graduated from Yale
with the Cla.ss of 1891. He then taught at the
Morris Academy of Morristown, New Jersey, until
1893, when he returned to New Haven and studied

C. K. H.tNCROFf

in the Graduate Department of the University.
Spent the years 1894 and 95 in Europe in travel and
study as private tutor. He was appointed Tutor in
Latin in September 1895.

BRUSH, George Jarvis, 1831-

Born in Brooklyn, N. Y , 1831 ; graduated from Shef-
field Scientific School, 1852; University of Munich,
1853-54; Freiberg Mining Academy, 1854-55; Royal
School of Mines, London, 1855-56; Prof, of Metallurgy,
1855; Prof, of Mineralogy, 1864 ; Chairman of Govern-
ing Board, Sheffield Scientific School, 1872-98.

GEORGE JARVIS BRUSH, LL.D., Director
of the Sheffield Scientific School at Yale, was
born in Brooklyn, New York, December 15, 1831.
His early education was obtained in the schools of
Brooklyn, New York and West Cornwall, Connec-
ticut. From 1846 to 1848 he was in business in
New York. In 1848 he entered the Sheffield
Scientific School at Yale, from which he graduated
ill 1852, being one of six to receive the newly

234

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

created degree of Bachelor of Philosophy fmiii Vale.
The year following his graduation he became Assist-
ant in Chemistry at the University of Virginia,
where, with Professor J. Lawrence Smith, he made
a series of valuable investigations upon American
minerals, the results of which were published in the
American Journal of Science. The next year he
spent at the University of Munich, and the year
after that at the Mining Academy of Freiberg,
Saxony. In 1S55 he was elected Professor of
Metallurgy at Yale, and after a further course of
study in the Royal School of Mines at London, and

GKO. J. BRUSH

a visit to the principal mines and smelting works
of Europe he returned to this country and entered
upon his duties in January 1857. In 1S64 his Pro-
fessorship was enlarged so as to embrace Miner-
alogy. He was for a time Secretary and Treasurer
of the Sheffield Scientific School, was Curator of the
Mineralogical Collection from 1867 to 1S74, and
since the formal organization of the Faculty in 1S72
has been Chairman or Director, of the Governing
Board, until his retirement in December 1898. Pro-
fessor Brush was elected to the National Academy
of Sciences in 1868, and in 1880 was chosen
President of the American Association for the
Advancement of Science. He is a member of many
scientific societies in .\merica and abroad, and in

1886 received the degree of Doctor of Laws from
Harvard. He is the author of many papers, giving
the results of his investigations of mineral species,
which have been contributed to scientific journals, and
have done much for the advancement of minera-
logical science in this country. He has published a
work on Determinative Mineralogy, edited several
supplements to Dana's Mineralogy, aided Professor
J. D. L)ana in the jireparation of the fifth edition
of his System of Mineralogy, and was also for a
time an Associate Editor of the American Journal
of Science. He is a member of the Board of
Trustees of Peabody Museum of Vale, as well as
Trustee and Treasurer of the Board of Trustees of
the Sheffield Scientific School. His chief life-work,
however, has been in connection with the Shef-
field Scientific School, from which he graduated
with its first class, and of which he was for more
than a quarter of a centurv the Director. To
him more than to any other man is due the great
success which the school has attained.

HOBART, Noah, 1705-1773.

Born in Hingham, Mass.. 1775; graduate of Harvard,
1724 ; Pastor of Church in Fairfield. Conn., forty years ;
a Fellow of Yale twenty years ; died in Fairfield, Conn.,
1773-

NOAH HOBART, M.A., a Fellow of Yale from
1752 to 1773, '^^'•'^s born in Hingham,
Massachusetts, January 2, 1705. He was a great-
grandson of Edmund, and a grandson of the Rev.
Peter Hobart, both of whom were from Hingham,
County of Norfolk, iMigland, and the latter, who was
graduated at Cambridge, F^ngland, assisted in 1635
in the settlement of Hingham, Massachusetts, of
which town he was the first minister. Noah Hobart
was graduated at Harvard in 1734 and studied
theology. The greater part of his ministerial labors
were performed in behalf of the Church in Fairfield,
Connecticut, of which he was Pastor from 1733 until
his death, which occurred there December 6, 1773.
He was a zealous promoter of religious and educa-
tional work, was actively concerned in the Episcopal
controversy of that day, and held a Fellowship at
Yale at a time when religious intolerance was con-
sidered absolutely essential to the welfare of the
College. Mr. Hobart published several sermons:
Serious Address to the Episcopal Separation ; and
Principles of the Congregational Church. John
Sloss Hobart, son of the above, was born in Fair-
field in 1738, graduated at Vale 1757 and became

UNIVERSITIES JND TIIEIR SONS

235

a prominent statesman ami jurist, iioiding a seat in
tiie National Senate and upon the United States
Supreme Bench.

GOODELL, Thomas Dwight, 1854-

Born in Ellington, Conn., 1854 ; early education at
Rockville, Conn, public schools; B. A. Yale, 1877;
Ph D, Yale. 1884; travelled in Europe, 188687; teacher
Hartford High School, 1877-88 ; Assistant Professor of
Greek, Yale, 1888-93; Professor of Greek, Yale, 1893

TH()A[.\S l)\VI(;nr GOODELL, I'll. I)., Pro-
fessor of Greek at Yale, was born in Klling-
ton, Connecticut, November S, 1854, son of Francis

THU.M.iS DWIGHT GOODELL

and Sophia Louise (Burpee) Goodell. Professor
Goodell is of an old Puritan family, his ancestors
having settled in Salem, Massachusetts, as early as
1636. He acquired his early education in the pub-
lic schools of Rockville, Connecticut, and entered
Yale in 1873, graduating in 1877. He took the
degree of Doctor of Philosophy in 1884, and spent
the Academic year 1886 to 1S87 in travel and study
abroad. He was classical teacher in the Hartford
Public High School from 1S77 to 1888, and Assis-
tant Professor of Clreek in Yale from 1888 until
1893, when he became full Professor, which Chair
he holds at the present date. He represented Yale
as Professor of the Greek Language and Literature

in the American School of Classical Studies at
Athens for the year 1894 to 1895. Professor
(loodell was married May 9, 1878 to Miss J.
Harriet, daughter of William W. .\ndross of R(j< k-
ville, Connecticut.

DURFEE, Bradford Matthew Chaloner,
1843-1872.

Born in Fall Kiver, Mass., 1843; entered Yale, but
left during Sophomore year ; received the M. A. degree.
1871; gave Durfee Hall to Vale; died in Fall River,
Mass., 1872.

BRADFORD M.VnilLW CIIAI.ONKR DLR-
FEE, I\LA., Benefactor of Yale, was born in
Fall River, Massachusetts, June 15, 1843. Shortly
after his birth the death of his father left him pos-
sessed of a large fortune. He entered Yale, but
was compelled by ill health to forego the comple-
tion of his College course, and left during his
Sophomore year. After two or three years spent
in foreign travel, he returned home and assimied
charge of his mercantile affairs. His health con-
tinued precarious, however, and he was obliged to
spend much of his time in sea voyages. He be-
came an ardent yachtsman, making long cruises
and visiting various Atlantic countries on his yacht
"Josephine." But he sought in vain for renewed
health, and died in Fall River, September 13, 1872.
In iS7r he received the degree of Master of Arts
from Yale, to which institution he gave Durfee Hall,
one of the finest College dormitories in the United
States.

GRUENER, Gustav, 1863-

Born in New Haven, Conn., 1863 ; prepared for College
at New Haven public schools ; B. A. Yale, 1884 ; studied
in Germany, 1887-89; Ph.D. Yale, 1896; Instructor in
German, Yale, 1885-87; Tutor, 1889-98 ; Assistant Pro-
fessor, 1892-97 ; Professor, 1897.

GUSTAV GRUENER, I'h.I)., Professor of Ger-
man at Yale, was born in New Haven, Con-
necticut, March 30, 1S63, son of Leopold and
Katharine (Kern) Gruener. His early education
was acquired in the public schools of New Haven,
whence he entered Yale, graduating in 1884. He
studied in Germany from tSS7 to 1889, and took
the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Yale in 1896.
Mr. Gruener was an Instructor in German at Yale
from r885 to 1887, and Tutor from iSSgtmtil 1892,
when he was made Assistant Professor. In 1897 he
was made full Professor of German which mnk he

2^6

UNIVERSiriES AND THEIR SONS

now holds,
of New Hav

He is a member of the Graduates Chib
en and while in College he was a mem-

GUSTAV GRUENER

ber of several of the societies open to undergradu-
ates. In politics he is an Independent Republican.

School, Class of 1884, and he was ordained to the
ministry June 12 of that year at the First Congre-
gational Church, Lyme, Connecticut. Called to a
pastorate in Oswego, New York, he began his duties
January i, 1S89, and continued them until Septem-
ber 1S96, when he returned to Vale as Instructor in
New Testament Criticism and Exegesis. In May
of the following year he was advanced to the Buck-
ingham Professorship of that subject, which he still
retains. From 1889 to 1894 he was a member of
the Reform Club of New York City ; was a member
of the Victoria Institute, London, England, during
the years 1S95 and 1896, and is at the present time
a member of the Society of Biblical Literature and
Exegesis, and the C)riental Society. In politics he
votes independently. On May 27, 1884, Professor
Bacon married Eliza Buckingham Aiken, of Norwich,
Connecticut. They have two children : Dorothy
Buckingham, born November 13, 1885 ; and Benja-
min Selden Bacon, born April 6, 1888. Prof. Bacon
is the author of two volumes of Pentateuch Criticism,
The Genesis of Genesis, Hartford, Connecticut,
1892, and The Triple Tradition of the Exodus,

BACON, Benjamin Wisner, 1860-

Born in Litchfield, Conn., i860; prepared for College
at the Hopkins Grammar School, New Haven, and in
Europe; graduated at Yale 1881, and at the Divinity
School 1884; ordained to the ministry in Lyme, Con-
necticut; Pastor of a Congregational Church in Os-
wego, New York, 1889-96; Instructor in New Testament
Criticism and Exegesis Yale Divinity School, 1896-97;
now Professor of that subject.

BENJAMIN WISNER BACON, D.D., Litt.D.,
Professor of New Testament Criticism in the
Yale Divinity School, was born in Litchfield, Con-
necticut, January 15, i860, son of Rev. Dr. Leonard
Woolsey and Susan Bacon. His parents were both
natives of New Haven, as was also his grandfather.
Dr. Leonard Bacon, and his ancestors on both sides
were sturdy New England Puritans. From the Hop-
kins Grammar School, New Haven, he entered the
Gymnasium of Coburg, Germany, going from there
to the CoUe'ge de Geneve, Switzerland, and was
graduated from Vale with the Class of 1881. His
theological studies were pursued at the Vale Divinity

IJEN'J. W. BACON

Hartford, 1894, and translator of Wildeboer's Kanou
des ouden Verbouds, and of several of the German
contributions to Haupt's Sacred Books of the Old
Testament. He is a contributor to the T. and T.

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

^37

Clark P.ible Dictionary, anil to tlic leading critical
journal?, ami author of a \i>lume on New Testament
Introduction in the New Testament Handbook
Series of Macmillan and Company.

PERRIN, Bernadotte, 1847-

Born at Goshen, Conn., 1847 ; early education, district
and high schools of New Britain and Hartford; B.A.
Yale, 1869; studied in Germany, 1876-1879; teacher
Hartford High School, 1869-70, 1874-76, 1879-81 ; Tutor
at Yale, 1873-74; 1878-79; Professor of Greek at Adel-
bert College of Western Reserve University, 1881-93;
Professor of Greek at Yale, 1893-

BERNADOTTI': PERRIN, Ph.D., LL.D., Pro-
fessor of Greek at Vale, was born at Goshen,
Connecticut, September 15, 1847, son of Lavalette

E. PERRIN

and Ann Eliza (Comstock) Perrin. He made his
preparatioit for College in the district and high
schools of New Britain and Hartford, entering Yale
in 1865, and graduating with the Class of 1869.
The year after his graduation he taught in the Hart-
ford High School, and then studied one year in the
Divinity School and two years in the Graduate
School at New Haven, returning then for two years
more of instruction at Hartford. From 1876 to
1S79 Mr- Perrin studied in Germany, returning
to this country to teach again both in Yale and at

Hartford. From i88i to 1893116 was Professor of
Greek in Adelbert College of Western Reserve
University, and in i<S93 he was apiiointed Profes-
sor of (ireek at Yale. Professor Perrin has spent
much time in original research, and is regarded as a
high authority in classical philology, and the ancient
languages. He is the author of editions of Ca;sar's
Civil War, anil of Homer's Odyssey. In 1881 he
married a distant relative. Miss Luella Perrin, of
Lafayette, Indiana. She died in 1SS9. In 1892
he married Miss Susan Lester, daughter of Jtulge
C. S. Lester of Saratoga, New York. He has two
children : Lee James and Lester William Perrin.

IDDINGS, Joseph Paxson, 1857-

Born in Baltimore, 1857; graduated from the Scien-
tific Department of Yale, 1877; Assistant in surveying
there, 1877-1878; studied geology at Columbia and
petrology in Heidelberg; Assistant Geologist, U.S.
Geological Survey, 1880; Geologist, 1888; Professor of
Petrology in the University of Chicago; author of
numerous scientific articles.

JOSEPH PAXSON IDDINGS, Ph.R., Assistant
in Surveying at Yale, was born in Baltimore,
Maryland, January 21, 1857. Graduating from the
Sheffield Scientific School at Yale with the degree
of Bachelor of Philosophy in 1877, he pursued a
post-graduate course in analytical chemistry and
was Assistant in Surveying and Mechanical Drawing
there for a year. He was a student in geology
at Columbia, under Professor Newberry, studied
petrology in Heiilelberg, giving special attention to
microscopic petrography, and upon his return in
1880 he received the appointment of .Assistant
Geologist under Arnold Hague upon the United
States Geological Survey. He was subsequently
chosen Professor of Petrology in the University of
Chicago. Professor Iddings' contributions to sci-
entific literature include The Columnar Structure in
the Igneous Rock on Orange Mountain, New Jer-
sey ; and the Nature and Origin of Litho])hysae and
the Lamination of Acid Lavas ; Obsidian Cliff,
Yellowstone National Park ; On a group of volcanic
rocks from the Tewan Mountains, New Mexico ; The
I>uptive rocks of Electric Peak and Sepulchre
Mountain, Yellowstone National Park ; On the
origin of Igneous Rocks ; Report on the geology
of the Yellowstone National Park (in part), and
other papers printed in the .\merican Journal of
Science, in the publications of the United States
Geological Survey and in the Journal of Geology.

238

UNIVERSITIES JND THEIR SONS

BAYARD, Samuel, 1767-1840.

Born in Philadelphia, 1767; graduated at Princeton,
1784: appointed Clerk of the United States Supreme
Court, 1791 ; prosecuted American claims in London
after Jay's Treaty; was Presiding Judge of the
Westchester County (N.Y.) Court and subsequently
of the Court of Common Pleas for Somerset county,
N. J., member of the Legislature a number of years ;
was one of the founders of the American and New
Jersey Bible societies and of the Princeton Theolog-
ical Seminary ; a Trustee of Princeton 1807-1810 and
Treasurer from the latter year until 1828; died, 1840.

SAMUP:L bayard, a.m., Treasurer of Prince-
ton, was born in Phikulelphia, January 11,
1767, fourth son of Colonel John Bayard, the Revo-
lutionary patriot. He was valedictorian of the
Class of 17S4 at Princeton, and studying law, he
practised in Philadelphia until appointed Clerk of
the United States Supreme Court in 1791. Presi-
dent Washington selected him as United States
Commissioner to prosecute the claims of Americans
before the British Admiralty Courts pursuant to
the Jay Treaty, and he resided in London for four
years. Settling in New Rochelle, New York, after
his return he was Presiding Judge of Westchester
county, and moving to Princeton, New Jersey, in
1S06 served in the same capacity in the Court of
Common Pleas of Somerset county. He was a
member of the New Jersey Legislature for some
years. Judge Bayard was actively concerned in
religious and educational matters and assisted in
organizing the New York Historical Society, the
American and New Jersey Bible Societies, and was
one of the founders of Princeton Theological Semi-
nary. He served as a Trustee of Princeton from
1807 until 1 810 and as its Treasurer from 18 10 to
1828. His death occurred May 12, 1840. He
published a funeral oration on General Washington ;
A Digest of American Cases on Law and Evidence ;
An Abstract of the Laws of the United States which
relate to the Duties and Authority of Inferior State
Judges and Justices of the Peace ; and Letters on
the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper.

tebrate Paleontology in Princeton, and since 1894 has
also been Assistant in Geology in the University of
Princeton.

JOHN BELL HATCHER, Curator in Verte-
brate Paleontology, and Assistant in Geology
at Princeton, was born in Cooperstown, Illinois,
October 11, 1 861, son of John and Margaret Colum-
bia (Laining) Hatcher. He is of English and Irish
descent. The original Hatcher family came to
\'irginia from iMigland in the seventeenth century.
His branch of the family migrated to West Virginia,
western Pennsylvania and eastern Ohio late in the

HATCHER, John Bell, 1861-

Born in Cooperstown, Brown county. 111., 1861 ;
fitted for College at Guthrie County High School in
Panora, la. ; studied for one term in Iowa College at
Grinnel ; spent two and one half years in Sheffield
Scientific School of Yale, and graduated with the Class
of 1884; was a member of the U. S. Geological Survey
from July 1884 to August 1892; Assistant in Geology
in Yale 1890-1893; since 1893 has been Curator of Ver-

JOHN BELL H.ATCHER

eighteenth century. His father migrated to Illinois
about 1850, and to western Iowa shortly after his
birth. His early education was obtained in the
district schools of western Iowa, with a partial four
years' course at the (iuthrie County High School in
Panora, Iowa, where he was fitted for College. He
spent two and a half years at the Sheffield Scientific
School of Vale, where he took the course in natural
history, graduating with the Class of 1884. After
graduation he was a member of the LTnited States
Geological Survey, from July i, 1SS4 to August i,
1892. He was made Assistant in Geology in Yale
in 1S90, and in 1893 was called to Princeton as
Curator of Vertebrate Paleontology. The next year
he was also appointed Assistant in Geology, a posi-
tion he still holds. His principal work has been

UNIFERSiriES JND THEIR SONS

■39

along the line of geology ami \rrtcbrato paleonto-
logy; especially field work in Western United
States, and Patagonia, Soutli America. Professor
Hatcher has written numerous articles on tliese and
kinilred subjects, among which are the following :
'I'he Beds of Converse County, \\'yoming, published
in the American Journal of Science ; 'I'he 'I'itauo-
therium Beds, American Naturalist; On Diplacodon
and Telmatotherium, American Naturalist ; Recent
and Fossil Tapirs, American Journal of Science ;
The Geology of Southern Patagonia, American Jour-
nal of Science ; Diceratherium, Two Horned Rhi-
noceros, American Geologist. He is a member of
the Geological Society of America, and the Princeton
Biological Society and the American Philosophical
Society, Philadelphia. In politics he is a Republi-
can. He was married, October lo, 1S87, to Anna
Matilda Peterson, by which union were five children,
three of whom survive : Earle, Harold and Alice
Agnes Hatcher.

KINSEY, John, 1693-1750.

Born in Philadelphia, in 1693 ; studied law and prac-
tised in N. J. and Penn. ; member of the N. J. Assembly
and Speaker ; member of the Penn. Assembly, also
Speaker ; Attorney-General of the Province ; Chief-
Justice ; Commissioner to settle the boundary dispute ;
commissioner on the treaty with the Six Nations ; died
at Burlington, N. J., 1750.

JOHN KINSICV, Chief-Justice of the Province of
Pennsylvania, and one of the incorporators of
Princeton, was the son of a Quaker preacher, and
grandson of John Kinsey, one of the commissioners
of the proprietors of \\'est Jersey who came from
London in 1677. He was born in Philadelphia in
1693, and died in Burlington, New Jersey, May 11,
1750. He was educated in the law and practised
in the courts of New Jersey and Pennsylvania.
Until nearly forty years of age he was a resident of
New Jersey, where he was a member of the Assembly
and for several years Speaker of that body ; but in
1730 he removed to Philadelphia, and was at once
elected to the Pennsylvania Assembly, in which he
served continuously by re-elections, and as Speaker
from 1739, for the remainder of his life. From 1738
to 1 741 he was Attorney-General of the Province,
and in 1743 was appointed Chief-Justice, which
office he held until his death. Judge Kinsey was one
of the two commissioners sent to Maryland in 1737
to negotiate for the settlement of the boundary dis-
pute, and was also one of the commissioners who in
1745, in conjunction with commissioners from New

\'ork, Massachusetts and (Connecticut, negotiated at
Albany, New York, a treaty with the Six Nations.
His son James Kinsey born in Philadelphia,
March 22, 1731, died in Burlington, Now Jersey,
January 4, i S03 — was also an eminent lawyer and
jurist, a member of the Assembly of New Jersey and
of the Continental Congress, and Chief-Justice of
New Jersey from i7'S() tinlil his death. Princeton
bestowed on him the honorary degree of Doctor of
Laws in 1790.

RANKIN, V\/-alter Mead, 1857-

Born in Newark, N. J . 1857 ; fitted for College in
private schools in Newark; graduated Williams, with
the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1879; was post-
graduate student and Fellow at Princeton ; went
abroad and studied in the University of Munich, receiv-
ing the degree of Ph.D. in Il8g; made Instructor in
Biology at Princeton, 1E89; promoted to Assistant
Professor of Biology in 1895.

WALTER MEAD RANKIN, Ph.D., Assis-
tant Professor of Biology at Princeton, was
born in Newark, New Jersey, December i, 1857,

W..\I,'IF.R M. K.\NKIN

son of William and Ellen Hope (Stevens) Rankin.
He is descended on his father's side from William
Rankin, who was born in Scotland in 1740, came to
Nova Scotia in 1749, and later settled in the United
States. A maternal ancestor was John Stevens, who
migrated from England to .Vmerica in 1638. He

240

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

was prepared for College at pri\ate schools in
Newark, and graduated from Williams with the
degree of Bachelor of Arts in the Class of 1879.
He afterwards became a post graduate student an<l
Fellow at Princeton. He went abroad and studied
in the University of Munich, receiving the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy from there in 1889. Return-
ing to America that year, he became Instructor in
Biology at Princeton, and in 1S95 was promoted to
Assistant Professor of Biology, his present position.
He has taken no part in public life and is un-
married.

ROBBINS, Edmund Yard, 1867-

Born in Windsor, N. J., 1867; prepared for College
at Peddie Institute, Hightstown, N. J.; graduated
Princeton, Class of i88g; held the Classical Fellow-
ship at Princeton for one year, taught in Princeton
Preparatory School, i8go-i8gi ; went abroad in 1891 and
spent three years in study at Leipzig University ; ap-
pointed Instructor of Greek at Princeton in 1894 ; made
Assistant Professor of Greek in 1897.

EDMUND YARD ROBBINS, A.M., Assistant
Professor of Greek at Princeton, was born
in Windsor, New Jersey, October 3, 1867, son of

EDMUND Y. ROliBINS

George R. and Anna M. (Cubberly) Robbins, and
grandson of ex- Judge Randal C. Robbins of Wind-
sor, New Jersey. He was fitted for College at Ped-
die Institute in Hightstown, New Jersey, and was

graduated from Princeton with the Class of 1889.
He held the classical fellowship at Princeton for one
year. In 1890-1 891 he was an Instructor in the
Princeton Preparatory School. In the summer of
1 89 1 he went abroad and spent three years at Leip-
zig, studying Comparative Philology with Professors
Brugmann, Leskien and Sievers, and Indo-Iranian
with Professors Windisch and Lindner. He was
appointed Instructor of Greek at Princeton in the
fiill of 1894, and was made Assistant Professor of
Greek in the University, in the spring of 1897. He
is a member of the American Philological Associa-
tion.

SHIPPEN, Edward, 1703-1781.

Born in Boston, Mass., 1703 ; engaged in the fur
trade; Mayor, 1744; Judge of the Court of Common
Pleas: Prothonotary ; Purveyor of supplies to the
Provincial and British forces, 1760; founder of Ship-
pensburg, Penn. ; one of the promoters and a member
of the Board of Trustees of the College of N. J. ; also
associated with the initiation of the Phila. Academy,
the Pennsylvania Hospital and the American Philo-
sophical Society; died in Lancaster, Penn., 1781.

EDWARD SHIPPEN, one of the incorporators
of the College of New Jersey, was born in
Boston, July 9, 1703. In early life he was asso-
ciated in business with James Logan, and afterwards
in the fur trade with Thomas Lawrence. He was
Mayor in 1744, and in 1745 was made Judge of
the Court of Common Pleas. In 1752 he removed
to Lancaster, Pennsylvania, where he was Prothono-
tary until 1778. He was a purveyor of supplies to
the Provincial and British forces and in 1 760 re-
ceived public thanks for his integrity and efficiency.
He was the founder of Shippensburg, Pennsylvania,
and in 1 746 was one of the promoters of the College
of New Jersey, and served as a member of its first
Board of Trustees until his resignation in 1767.
Judge Sliippen's name is associated with the initia-
tion of the Philadelphia Academy, the Pennsylvania
Hospital, and the American Philosophical Society.
He served on the Revolutionary committees and was
a sincere supporter of the popular cause. He died
in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, September 25, 1781.

YOUNG, Charles Augustus, 1834-

Born in Hanover, N. H., 1834; received his early edu-
cation at home, in the Hanover schools and under
private tutors; graduated at Dartmouth, 1853; studied
one year at Andover Theological Seminary; was

UNIVERSITIES JND THEIR SONS

241

teacher of classics in Phillips-Andover Academy, 1853-
1856, Professor of Mathematics, Natural Philosophy
and Astronomy at Western Reserve College. 1857-1866,
Professor of Natural Philosophy and Astronomy at
Dartmouth, 1866-1877, and since 1877 has been Pro-
fessor of Astronomy at Princeton ; President American
Association for the Advancement of Science, 1883,
member National Academy of Science, associate fel-
low American Academy of Arts and Sciences, fellow
American Philosophical Society, fellow American As-
sociation for the Advancement of Science, foreign asso-
ciate Royal Astronomical Society of Great Britain;
honorary member British Association for the Advance-
ment of Science, Manchester (England) Literary and
Philosophical Society, Cambridge (England) Philoso-
phical Society, Societa degli Speltroscopisti Italiani,
life member Astronomische Gesellschaft ; author of
The Sun, published in the International Scientific
Series ; A Text-book of General Astronomy, Elements
of Astronomy, and Lessons in Astronomy and numer-
ous magazine articles, scientific addresses and contri-
butions to astronomical journals.

CHARLES AUGUSTUS YOUNG, Ph,I).,
LL.D., Professor of Astrononi)' at Princeton,
was born in Hanover, New Hanipsliire, December
15, 1834, son of Professor Ira and Eliza Minot
(Adams) Young. He is descended on the paternal
side from Sir Jolm Young, who in 1627 was one of
the original grantors of the North Shore of Massa-
chusetts Bay, and on the mother's side from Pro-
fessor Ebenezer Adams of Dartmouth College, and
from the Ipswich (New Hampshire) Adamses, trac-
ing back to Rev. Mr. Adams of Charlestown, Massa-
chusetts, about 1636. His early education was
acquired mainly at home, in the Hanover schools
and under private tutors. He was graduated at
Dartmouth in the Class of 1853, having taught
common school for three winters during his College
course. From 1853 to 1S56 he was a teacher of
classics in Phillips-Andover Academy, and during
that time studied one year at Andover Theological
Seminary. In 1856 he was called to tlie Chair of
Mathematics, Natural Philosophy and Astronomy at
Western Reserve College, Hudson, Ohio, which he
filled from 1857 to 1866. In 1865 he was chosen
Professor of Natural Philosophy and Astronomy at
Dartmouth, the post held by his father, Professor
Ira Young, for twenty years, 1838- 185 8, and served
in that capacity until 1S77, when he accepted the
Chair of Astronomy at Princeton which he continues
to fill. Professor Young is known as a prominent
astronomer. He was a member of the astronomical
party sent to observe the solar eclipse of August
1869, at Burlington, Iowa, and had charge of
the spectroscopic observations of the party. On
this occasion he discovered the green line of

VOL. 11. — 16

the coronal spectrum, and identified it with liic
line 1474 of the solar spectrum. He was also
a member of the expeilition under I'rofessor Josepli
W'inlock to observe the eclipse of 1870 at Jerez,
Spain, when he discovered tlie so-calletl " reversing
layer " of the solar atmosphere which produces a
bright-line spectrum correlative to the ordinary
dark-line spectrum of simhght. For this and other
observations he received the Janssen medal of tlie
French Academy of Sciences in 1890. In August
1872, he was stationed at Sherman, Wyoming, to
make solar spectroscopic observations. In 1874 he

C. A. YOUNG

went to Pekin, China, as Assistant .Xstronomer under
Professor James G. Watson, to observe the transit
of Yenus, and in 1878 he had charge of the astro-
nomical expedition organized by Princeton to ob-
serve the eclipse of that year. He devised a form
of automatic spectroscope which has been generally
adopted by astronomers throughout the world and
he has made a great number of new and important
observations on solar prominences. He has also
verified experimentally what is known as Doppler's
principle as api)lied to light, showing that the lines
of the spectrum are slightly shifted to one direction
or the other, according as the liglit is moving to-
ward the earth or away from it. and by this means
has been enabled to measure the velocity of the
sun's rotation. Professor Young is connected in

242

UNIVERSITIES .IND Tllh.lR SONS

membership with most of the leading scientific
societies at home and abroad, antl has been lion-
ored liy official distinction by many of them. He
was in 1883, President of the American Association
for the Advancement of Science. He is a fellow
of the National Academy of Sciences ; associate
fellow of the American Academy of .\rts and
Sciences, P.oston ; fellow of the American I'liilo-
sophical Society, Philadelphia ; fellow of the Amer-
ican Association for tlie .\dvancement of Science ;
foreign associate of the Royal Astronomical Society
of Great Britain ; honorary member of the British
Association for tlie Advancement of Science ; honor-
ary member Manchester (England) Literary and
Philosophical Society ; honorary member Cambridge
(England) Philosophical Society; honorary member
Societa degli Speltroscopisti Italiani, and life mem-
ber of the Astronomishe Gesellschaft. He holds the
degree of Doctor of Philosophy from Hamilton and
from the University of Pennsylvania, and that of
Doctor of Laws from Wesleyan, Columbia and
Western Reserve. He has given popular lectures
at the Lowell Listitute in Boston and the Peabody
Institute in ISaltimore, and various courses at
\\'illiams, Mt. Holyoke and elsewhere. Besides
scientific addresses and large contributions to astro-
nomical journals and magazine articles, he has pub-
lished The Sun in the International Scientific Series,
A Text- book of tJeneral Astronomy, and two minor
text-books. During the Civil War for four months
in the summer of 1862, Professor Young was in the
military service as Captain of Company B, Eighty-
Fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. In politics he is an
Independent. He was married August 26, 1857,
to Augusta Spring Mixer ; they have three children :
Clara Eliza, Charles Ira and Frederick Albert Young,
all born in Hudson, Ohio.

YOUNG, John Clarke, 1803-1857.

Born in Greencastle, Penn., 1803; educated at Co-
lumbia, Dicl<inson College and Princeton Theological
Seminary; Tutor in Princeton College 1826-28, and
Clerk of the Faculty, 1827-28; Pastor in Louisville,
Ky., 1828-30; President Centre College, Danville, Ky.,
1830-57 ; Pastor in Danville, 1834-57 • received D D.
degree from Princeton, 1839 ; Moderator Presbyterian
General Assembly, 1853; died in Danville, 1857.

JOHN CLARKE YOUNCx, D.D., Tutor and
Clerk of the Faculty at Princeton, was born in
Greencastle, Pennsylvania, August 12, 1803, son of
an eminent clergyman of the Associate Reformed
Church. His classical education was begun at Co-
lumbia, but after three years spent there he trans-

ferred to Dickinson College, where he was graduated
in 1823. He then studied for two years in the
Theological Seminary at Princeton, and for two
years following was a Tutor in Princeton College,
during the latter half of iiis Tutorship officiating
also as Clerk of the Faculty. He was licensed to
preach by the New York Presbytery in 1827, and in
1S28 was installed as Pastor of a church in Louis-
ville, Kentucky. In 1830 he was chosen President
of Centre College, at Danville, Kentucky, a position
which he held until the end of his life. He also
served from 1834 until his death as Pastor of a
church in Danville. Princeton conferred upon him
the (honorary) degree of Doctor of Divinity in
1839. In 1853 he was chosen Moderator of the
Presbyterian General Assembly. Dr. Young came
into political prominence through a controversy in
which he supported the views of the Kentucky
iMnancipationists and deprecated the aims of the
Abolitionists. A hundred thousand copies were cir-
culated of his Address to the Presbyterians of Ken-
tucky, Proposing a Plan for the Instruction and
Emancipation of their Slaves, which he preparetl in
1834 for the Committee of the Kentucky S)nod which
had passed resolutions of gradual emanciiiation. Dr.
Young mariied for his first wife a niece of the Rev.
Robert |. Breckinridge ; his second wife was a daugh-
ter of John J. Crittenden. He died in Danville,
Kentucky, June 23, 1857.

WOOD, Silas, 1769-1847.

Born in Suffolk county, N. Y., 1769 ; graduated at
Princeton 1789; Tutor at Princeton 1789-94 and Clerk
of the Faculty 1791-93; practised law in Huntington,
N. Y.; member of Federal Congress, 1819-29; died
in Huntington, 1847.

SILAS \V001), A.M., Tutor and Clerk of the
Faculty at Princeton, was born in Suffolk
county. New York, in 1769, and was graduated at
Princeton in 1789. F'or a period of five years
following graduation he was a Tutor at Princeton,
and during two years of that time was Clerk of the
Faculty. Subsequently he studied law, was admitted
to the Bar, and engaged in practice at Huntington
New York. From December 1819 to March 1829 he
served in the Federal Congress, having been elected
as a Democrat. His only published work of import-
ance was a sketch of the First Settleinent of the Several
Tovifns of Long Island, with their Political Condition
to the End of the Revolution, issued in 1824, and re-
published in 1865 with a Biographical Memoir and
Additions by Alden J. Spooner. Mr. Wood died in
Huntington, New York, March 2, 1S47.

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

243

ANDREWS, Sherlock James, 1801-1880.

Born in Wallingford, Conn., 1801; graduated at
Union College, 1821 ; Assistant Instructor in Chemis-
tfy at Yale, 1821-24; began the practice of law in
Cleveland, Ohio, in 1825; member of Congress, 1840,-
appointed Judge of the Superior Court, 1848; delegate
to the Constitutional Conventions of 1849 and 1873.
Died, 1880.

SHERLOCK JAMES ANDREWS, LL.D., Assist-
ant Instructor in Chemistry at Yale, was born
in Wallingford, Connecticut, November 17, 1801.
Graduating from Union College in 1820 he
attended the Yale Law School and from 182 1 to
1824 was assistant to Professor Silliman in the
Chemical Department. Opening a law office at
Cleveland, Ohio, in 1825 he acquired an extensive
practice, and was elevated to the Superior Court
Bench in 1S48. In 1840 he was elected Repre-
sentative to Congress by the Whig party, and took
an active part in the Constitutional Conventions of
1849 and 1873. His sterling integrity, fervid elo-
quence and keen sense of humor made him ex-
tremely popular both as a politician and a jurist,
and he was a contemporary of Thomas Corwin at
the Ohio Bar. Judge Andrews died in Cleveland,
February 11, 1S80.

BEERS, Henry Augustin, 1847-

Born in Buffalo, N. Y., 1847 ; prepared for College at
the Hartford High School; graduated from Yale 1869;
studied law, 1869-71 ; Tutor at Yale 1871, Assistant
Professor 1875, Professor 1880- ; has written a number
of books, mostly on subjects connected with English
and American literature.

HENRY AUGUSTIN BEERS, M.A., Profes-
sor of iMiglish at Yale, was born in Buffalo,
New York, July 2, 1847, son of George 'Webster
and Elizabeth Victoria (Clerc) Beers. His ances-
tor, James liere, or Beere, came to America in 1634
in the ship "I'^lizabeth" from Ipswich, England, and
settled in Fairfield, Connecticut, in 1659. Profes-
sor Beers' grandfather, Seth Preston Beers, of Litch-
field, Connecticut, was a prominent lawyer for some
twenty-five years, until chosen Commissioner of the
Connecticut Scliool Fund, a position which he
occupied for a quarter of a century. He was
several times Speaker of the Connecticut House
of Representatives, and once Democratic candidate
for Governor. Professor Beers' maternal grand-
father, Laurent Clerc, was a native of La Balme,
France, where his forefathers for many generatit)ns
had been notaries and mayors of the town. I le

was a deaf mute, educated midcr the Abbt5 Sicard at
the Royal Institution in Paris. He came to Amer-
ica with Thomas Gallaudet in 1S16 to assist in
founding the first institution for deaf mutes at
Hartford, where he remained all his life as a
teacher of the deaf. Professor IV-ers fitted for
College at the Hartford High School, and grad-
uated from Yale in 1869. The next two years he
studied law in New York, and was admitted to the
Bar in 1870. He practised only a year, and re-
turned to New Haven in 1871 to accept a Tutor-
ship in ELnglish at Yale. He was made Assistant

HENRY A. BEERS

Professor in 1875, and Professor in iSSo. In 1876
he spent five months in Europe, mainly at Hciilel-
berg, where he attended lectures by Kuno Fischer.
He has been active in literary work outside of his
College duties, and besides many articles for reviews
and magazines and contributions to dictionaries
and encyclopedias, he has iiublishcd the following
books: Odds and Ends (verse); A Century of
American Literature; Life of N. P. Wilhs ; Selec-
tions from \\'illis' Prose Writings; The Thankless
Muse (verse) ; Outline Sketch of Englisli Litera-
ture ; Outline Sketch of American Literature; Selec-
tions from Coleridge's Prose Writings : A Suburban
Pastoral and other Tales ; Tiie Ways of Vale ; and .\
History of English Romanticism in the I'.ighteenlh

244

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

Century. Professor Beers was marrieil July 7, 1873,
to Mary Heaton, of Covington, Kentucky, and has
eight children : 'I'hoinas Heaton, Elizabeth Clerc,
Catherine, Frederic, Dorothy, Mary Heaton, Henry
Augustin, Jr., and Donald Beers.

ADAMS, George Burton, 1851-

Born in Fairfield, Vt , 1851 ; fitted for College at
home and at Beloit Academy ; graduated from Beloit
College 1873; from Yale Divinity School 1877; degree
of Ph.D. Leipzig 1886; Professor of History Drury
College, 1877-88; Professor of History, Yale, since
1888.

GEORGE BURTON ADAMS, Th.D., Profes-
sor of History at Yale, was born in Fair-
field, Vermont, June 3, 1851, son of Calvin Carlton

GEORGE B. AD.AMS

and Emeline (Nelson) Adams. He prepared with
his father for College, taking the last year in Beloit
Academy, and graduating from Beloit College in
1873. He then attended the Yale Divinity School,
graduating in 1877, ^^^ '" '''^^ Fall of that year
became Professor of History and English at Drury
College, Springfield, Missouri. In 1886 Mr. Adams
took the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Leipzig,
and in 1888 accepted the Chair of History at Yale.
Professor Adams is the author of a number of
books and articles on historical subjects.

BROCKLESBY, John, 1811-1889.

Born in West Bromwich, England, 1811 ; educated
in the United States, graduating from Yale in 1835;
Tutor there 1838-1840; Professor at Trinity for forty
years, and frequently fulfilled the duties of President ;
died, 1889.

JOHN BROCKLESBY, LL.D., Tutor at Yale,
was born in West Bromwich, England, Octo-
ber 8, 181 1. He was educated in this country,
having crossed the ocean when nine years old, and
graduating at Yale with the Class of 1835, subse-
quently served as Tutor there for two years. In
1840, he was given the Chair of Mathematics and
Natural Philosophy at Trinity College, Hartford,
Connecticut, which he occupied until 1873, when
he was chosen Professor of Astronomy and Natural
Philosophy and retained charge of those depart-
ments until 1882. Professor Brocklesby was acting
President of Trinity in 1860-64-66-67 and 74,
and in 1S68 the degree of Doctor of Laws was
conferred upon him by Hobart College. He was
the author of Elements of Meteorology ; Views
of the Microscopic \Vorld ; Elements of Astronomy ;
and Elements of Physical Geography. He also
contributed largely to the Proceedings of the .\mer-
can Association for the Advancement of Science.
Professor Brocklesby died in 18S9.

CHITTENDEN, Simeon Baldwin, 1814-
1889.

Born in Guilford, Conn., 1814 : entered the wholesale
dry goods business in N. Y., 1842; Vice-President of
the N. Y. Chamber of Commerce ; Director of several
railroads and banks; President of the New Haven &
New London Shore Line Railroad; founder of the
Church of the Pilgrims, N.Y.; aided in establishing
the Brooklyn Library; elected to Congress, 1874;
member of the Committee on Banking and Currency ;
endowed the College Pastorate ; the Chittenden Pro-
fessorship of Divinity named for him ; built the new
Library Building, Yale ; died in Brooklyn, N. Y., i88g.

SIMEON B.VLDWTN CHITTENDEN, by whose
generosity the new library at Yale was built,
was born in Guilford, Connecticut, March 29, 18 14,
the son of Abel and Anna (Baldwin) Chittenden.
He began his preparations to enter Yale but his
mother was early left a widow with limited means,
and both on her account and because of an excellent
business opening he abandoned his plans and entered
a store in New Haven. In 1842 he moved to New
York and established himself in the w-holesale dry-
goods business in Hanover Square. In this he was

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

245

rapidly successful, acrumulated a large fnrtune, and
entered the wider business interests of tlie city.
From 1867 to 1869 he was Vice-President of the New
York Chamber of Commerce ; he was a Director of
several railroads and banks and President of tlie
New Haven & New London Shore Line Railroad.
He was also one of the founders of the Church of
the Pilgrims, and aided in establishing the Brooklyn
Library. Although Mr. Chittenden took no active
part in politics until after the Civil War, he always
showed a deep interest, especially in the financial
problems of the government. In 1874 upon his
retirement from active business life, Mr. Chittenden
was elected to Congress as an Lidependent Repub-
lican. He was twice re-elected, serving for seven
years, during most of which he was a member of the
Committee on Banking and Currency. Throughout
his life Mr. Chittenden retained a warm affection for
the College at wliich he had intended to study, and
this affection he showed by several generous gifts.
In 1S63, he gave $30,000 which was combined with
an earlier gift of $5,000 as an addition to the endow-
ment of the College Pastorate. In recognition of
these gifts the Chair was subsequently named the
"Chittenden Professorship of Divinity." In 1870
he gave $1000 towards the erection of East Divinity
Hall. In 1887 he offered to bear the expense of
the construction of a new library building for Yale
as a memorial of his only daughter, Mary Chittenden
Lusk. This was begun in April 1888, but Mr. Chit-
tenden did not live to see its completion. He died
in Brooklyn, April 14, 1S89, leaving one son, S. B.
Chittenden, Jr., who survived him. A bust, pre-
sented by his family, stands in the Reading Room
of the Chittenden Library.

mantic. He took the degree of Bachelor of Arts at
Yale in 1S85 and that of Doctor of Philosophy in
the same Institution in 1889. From then until 1894
he was Head-Master of English in tlie Shadyside
Academy of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. In 1894 he
was appointed Instructor in English in the Sheffield
Scientific School and in 1897 was made Assistant,
Professor of luiglish. Mr. ('ross was married
July 17, 1889 to Helen Baldwin .\very, and he has
three children : \Vilbur Lucius, Jr., Samuel Avery
and Elizabeth Baldwin Cross. He is an Inde-
pendent in politics. In College he was a member

WILBUR T.. CROSS

CROSS, "Wilbur Lucius, 1862-

Born in Mansfield, Conn., 1862; prepared for College
in Willimantic, Conn.; B.A. Yale, 1885; Ph.D. Yale,
1889; Head-Master Shadyside Academy, Pittsburgh,
Pa., 1889-94; Instructor in English Sheffield Scientific
School, Yale, 1894; Assistant Professor, 1897.

WILBUR LUCIUS CROSS, Ph.D., Assistant
Professor at Yale, was born in Mansfield,
Connecticut, April 10, 1S62, son of Samuel and
Harriet Maria (Gurley) Cross. His family settled
in Connecticut early in the eigliteenth centur)',
having come over from England at that time. His
early education was ac(|uired from the district school
of Mansfield and the Natchaug High School, \\illi.

of Psi Upsilon anil Phi Beta Ka|)pa, and he is at
present a member of the Graduates' Club of New
Haven. In 1899 he published a work entitled The
Development of the F^nglish Novel.

HART, Luther, 1783-1834.

Born m Goshen, Conn., 1783 ; graduated at Yale 1807.
and with the first class from Andover Seminary ; Pas-
tor of a church in Plymouth, Conn , from 1810 until his
death; was a Fellow of Yale 1829 1834; died, 1834.

LUTHER H.\RT, M.A., Fellow of Yale was
born in Goshen, Connecticut, in July i 7S3.
He entered \'ale with the Class of 1807 and after
graduating taught in the Litchfield Academy for a

246

UNIVERSiriES AND THEIR SONS

year. Beginning the study of tlu-ciloi^y with the
Rev. Ebenezer Potter of Washington, Connecticut,
he finished his course at the Seminary in Andover,
Massachusetts, graduating with the first class sent
forth from that institution, and entered the ministry
in 1S09. The Congregational Society of Plymouth,
Connecticut, selected him for its Pastor in the fol-
lowing year, and he continued his labors with that
church until his death, which occurred April 25, 1834.
He was a zealous worker for the redemption of souls,
and directly instrumental in the conversion of five
hundred persons during his ministry. From 1S29
till 1834 he was a member of the Yale Corporation.
Mr. Hart published a number of sermons, and a
Memoir of Amos Pettengill.

COLLIER, Peter, 1835-1896.

Born in Chittenango, N. Y., 1835 ; graduated at Yale,
1861 ; Assistant Instructor in the Sheffield Scientific
School, 1861-1866; appointed Professor of Chemistry,
Mineralogy and Metallurgy at the University of Ver-
mont, 1870; Sec. of the Vermont State Board of Agri-
culture, Mining and Manufacture, 1873-1876; was one
of the United States' Commissioners to the Vienna
Exposition, 1873; Chemist to the Department of Agri-
culture, Washington, 1877-1883; investigated the pos-
sibility of producing sorghum sugar in the United
States ; died, 1896.

PETER COLLIER, Ph.D., M.D., Assistant In-
structor in Chemistry at Yale, was born in
Chittenango, New York, August 17, 1835. Having
pursued a course of preliminary study at the Yates
Polytechnic Institute, Chittenango, he entered Yale,
from which he was graduated with the Class of 1861,
and while taking an advanced course of study in
chemistry at the Sheffield Scientific School, he acted
as Assistant Instructor in that Department. Accept-
ing the Professorship of Analytical Chemistry, Min-
eralogy and Metallurgy at the University of Vermont
in 1867, and also that of Cleneral Chemistry and
Toxicology in the Medical School, he remained there
for ten years, during which time he was Dean of the
Medical Faculty. As Secretary of the Vermont
Board of Agriculture, Mining and Manufacture from
1873 to 1876 he devoted much time to preparing
the reports of that body for those years, and as a
member of the Ignited States Commission to the
World's Exposition at Vienna in 1S73 he furnished
the report on Commercial Fertilizers. In 1877 he
was appointed Chemist to the Department of Agricul-
ture at Washington and during the six years in wliirh

lie was engaged in that work he,promoted and super-
vised a number of scientific investigations, the most
important being a careful study by means of numer-
ous practical experiments, of the feasibility of eco-
nomically i)roducing sorghum sugar in this country.
Those experiments were attended with perfect suc-
cess, showing conclusively that in case sugar cane
should at any time become unavailable, large quan-
tities of the sorghum product can be had at small
cost. Professor Collier was also the inventor of an
apparatus for extracting sugar from cane and sorghum
refuse. He wrote many articles and lectured before
scientific societies on fertilizers, sorghum, etc. He
edited the reports of the Department of Agriculture
from 1877 to 18S3, and is the author of: Sorghum :
Its Culture and Manufacture Economically Consid-
ered, and as a Source of Sugar, Syrup and Fodder.
From Yale he received the degree of Master of Arts
in course, while that of Doctor of Philosophy was
conferred upon him in 1S66, and the degree of
Doctor of Medicine was awarded him by the Uni-
versity of Vermont. Professor Collier died in 1896.

LAMPSON, William, 1840-1897.

Born in Le Roy, N. Y., 1840; graduated at Yale,
1862; Editor of the Yale Literary Magazine; a mem-
ber of Skull and Bones ; studied at Heidelberg ; grad-
uated from Columbia Law School and received the
LL.B., degree, 1867; President of his father's bank at
Le Roy, N. Y.; member of the Metropolitan and
University Clubs, N. Y.; bequeathed the bulk of his
property to Yale; died in Le Roy, N. Y., 1897.

WILLIAM LAMPSON, one of the latest and
most generous of Yale's Benefactors, was
born in Le Roy, New York, February 28, 1840.
He was the son of Miles P. Lampson, a local
banker, and the nephew of Sir Curtis I,ampson, an
American banker in London. Mr. Lampson was
prepared for College in his native town and entered
Yale in 1859. In his College life, as well as in his
later years, he was quiet and unobtrusive, making
few but close friendships, and living much with his
books, of whicii, even as an undergraduate, he pos-
sessed a very fine collection. He was an Editor of
the Yale Literary Magazine, a member of " Skull
and Bones," and took honors at his graduation in
1862. He also formeil a strong attachment for
Professor Thomas Thatcher which continued after
his graduation and diil much to ttnn Mr. Lampson's
generosity toward Yale. After his graduation Mr.
Lampson went abroad for two years, studying at

Heidelberg. Upon liis return in 1S64 he entered
the Columbia Law School, and took tiie regular
course, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Laws
in 1S67. He then entered his father's bank in
Le Roy, New York, and upon his father's deatii
became its President. He resiiled in the fixmily
mansion until his death, making several trips abroad
with his friend Professor Othniel C. Marsh. He
was a member of tlie Metropolitan and Lhiiversity
Clubs in New York and a lifelong Democrat in
politics, but took no part in public life. Mr. Lamp-
son always cherished a special fondness for Yale and
made no secret of his intention to leave the College
a generous amount at his death, but all friends of
Yale were surprised and pleased when, on Mr.
Lampson's death, February 14, 1S97, it was found
that he had left the bulk of his estate, probably
nearly half a million dollars, to the University.
The exact terms of his will were as follows :
" Seventh. I give and bequeath unto my alma
mater, the Corporation of Yale College in New
Haven, Connecticut, the sum of §150,000 or so
much thereof as may be necessary to effect the
object of this provision, that is to say, for the pur-
pose of erecting a building for Commencement and
other public exercises, to be called the ' Lampson
Lyceum.' If, however, such a building should be
erected before my estate is available for sucli a
purpose, then I give a like sum for the purpose of
erecting any other building of which the College
stands in need, said building to be of a public
character and to be erected on the College Campus
or adjacent grounds. Eighth. W\ the rest, residue,
and remainder of my estate I give and bequeath and
grant and devise unto the aforesaid Corporation of
Yale College, to be held by it in trust forever to
establish a fund to be known as the ' Lampson
Fund,' the income of which shall be devoted to
the endowment of Professorships of Ijatin, Greek
and English Literature. If at the time when my
estate becomes available, the income from the same
shotild be insufficient for the establishment of the
above-named Professorships, then so much of it
shall be used for this purpose, as will establish one
or more such Professorships, and if the income from
my estate at such time should be more than suffi-
cient to make all of the specified endowments, I
direct that such other Professorships may be en-
dowed therefrom as in the judgment of the Trus-
tees of the Corporation may be deemed advisable."
Owing to long continued litigation the estate has
not yet become available.

VNIVERSmES AND illh'.lR SONS

HAWES, Joel, 1789-1867.

247

Born in Medway, Mass., 1789; educated at Brown
and at Andover Theological Seminary; connected with
the First Congregational Church, Hartford, Conn., as
Pastor " Emeritus" forty-nine years; and a Fellow of
Yale twenty one years ; died in Gilead, Conn., 1867.

JOIOL H.\\\i:s, 1 ).!)., a Fellow of Yale from 1 846
to 1867, was born in Medway, Massachusetts,
December 22, 17.S9. His early educational oppor-
tunities were meagre, but by indomitable persever-
ance he was able to study at P.rown, from which he
was graduated in 181 3, and to complete his theo-

JOEL HAWES

logical course at .'\ndover, Massachusetts. In 1818
he responded to a call from the First Congregational
Church, Hartford, Connecticut, officiating unaided
until i860, when he was provided with an Assistant,
and in 1864 he was retired as Pastor " ICmeritus,"
remaining as such for the rest of his life, which ter-
minated at Gilead, Connecticut, June 5, 1867. Dr.
Hawes was a Fellow of Y'ale from 1846 until his
death, and took a marked interest in the welfare of
the College. He visited Europe and the Levant in
1844, spending some time with his daughter, who
was a missionary in Turkey. Among his principal
writings are ; Lectures to Young Men ; Tribute to
the Pilgrims; Religion of the East; \\'ashington
and Jay ; and An Offering to Home Missionaries.

248

UNIFERSrriES ANB THEIR SONS

McCURDY, Charles Johnson, 1797-1891.

Born in Lyme. Conn., 1797: graduated at Yale, 1817;
prominent lawyer, member of the Connecticut House
of Representatives and Senate ; Speaker of the former;
Lieutenant Governor, 1847-1848 ; Charge d'Affaires at
Vienna, 1850-1852 ; Judge of the Connecticut Superior
and Supreme Courts; member of the Peace Congress
in 1861 : Lecturer at Yale, 1873-75; ex-officio Fellow ;
died. 1891.

CH.\RLES JOHNSON McCURDY, LL.D.,
Lecturer at Yale, was born in Lyme, Con-
necticut, December 7, 1797. His classical course
was pursued at Yale, which gave him his Bachelor's

1873 to 1S75, and was a Fellow of the College,
ex-officio ; Judge McCurdy died in 1891

CHARLES J. ^TcCURDy

degree in 181 7, and after completing his law
studies under the direction of Zephaniah Swift, he
entered the legal profession. He attained distinc-
tion both at the Bar and in the Legislature, serving
as Representative and Senator, and as Speaker of
the House during three sessions ; was Lieutenant-
Governor for the years 1847 and 1848, and from
1850 to 1852 held the post of Charge d'Affaires at
Vienna, .'\ustria. In 1856 he was chosen a Justice
of the Superior Court, and later elevated to the
Supreme Bench, from which he retired in 1867. As
a member of the Peace Congress of 1S61, Judge
McCurdy was a leading spirit in the deliberations
of that body. In 1S68 he was made a Doctor of
Laws by Yale, lectured on life insurance there from

MONROE, Elbert Brinckerhoff, 1837-1894.

Born at New York m 1837 ; graduated at the Univer-
sity of the City of New York, 1854; entered business;
Corporate member of the Prudential Committee of the
American Board; Trustee of the Presbyterian Hos-
pital, Hampton Institute and Rutgers College ; mem-
ber of the Indian Commission; member of the Y. M.
C. A.; gave Dwight Hall to the Yale Y. M. C. A.;
Director, Treasurer, Vice-President and President of
same; also on the Finance Committee; died in Tarry-
town-on-the-Hudson, 1894.

ELBERT BRINCKERHOFF MONROE, M.A.,
Donor of Dwight Hall at Yale, was born in
New York in 1837 and was the son of Ebenezer B.
Monroe, a merchant. His ancestry was Scotch on
his father's side and Dutch on his mother's side.
Mr. Monroe graduated from the University of the
City of New York in 1854, and immediately entered
the business firm of Ball, Black & Company. He
married Virginia Marquand, niece of Frederick
Marquand, one of Yale's most generous benefactors
and the donor of Marquand Chapel. Mr. Monroe
was successful in business and in 1874 retired to
give his whole attention to religious and philan-
thropic work. He was connected with many be-
nevolent institutions, for thirteen years was Super-
intendent of Knox Memorial Sunday School, and
was one of the Corporate members and a meinber
of the Prudential Committee of the American
Board. Mr. Monroe was also a Trustee of the
Presbyterian Hospital, of Hampton Institute and of
Rutgers College ; he was appointed by President
Harrison a member of the Indian Commission, a
position which he held until his death. Mr. Mon-
roe's interest in the Young Men's Christian Associa-
tion, which culminated in his gift of Dwight Hall
to the College Young Men's Christian Association of
Yale, began with the origin of the Association in
New York in 1852. He was successively its
Director, Treasurer, Vice-President and for nine
years its national President ; he served on its
Finance Committee until his death. In 1884 Mr.
Monroe heard of the efforts which were being made
at Yale to secure a Young Men's Christian Associa-
tion building for College students, and learned of
the great interest which his uncle, Frederick Mar-
quand, had expressed in the plan Just before his
death. He immediately offered as the heir and
executor of Mr. Marquand, to erect the building in

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

249

liis niemorv. The huilding was formally presented
to Yale in 1SS6 by Mr. Monroe and was named
Dwight Hall in honor of the ekler President Dwight.
Mr. Monroe spent the rest of his life in quiet jihil-
anthropic work, dying April 21, 1894, at his home
in Tarryto\vn-on-the-Hudson. His widow survives
him.

rrnre, of New York, and through his widow was a
henofactor of \'ale.

HILLHOUSE, James Abraham, 1730-1775.

Born in Montville, Conn., 1730; graduated at Yale,
1749; Tutor there, 1750-1756; practised Law in New
Haven, Conn.; elected one of the twelve " Assistants,"
1772 : died, 1775.

J.\^^•:.S .ABR.^HAM HH.LHOUSE, M.A., Tutor
at Yale, son of the Rev. James Hillhouse, was
born in Montville, Connecticut, in 1730. His father
who was born in Ireland about the year 1687, pur-
sued a classical and theological course at the I'ni-
versity of Glasgow, and previous to emigrating to
.America was ordained by the Presbytery of London-
derry, Irelaml. In all probability he accompanied
a party of Presbyterian emigrants to New Hampshire
in I 7 19, and receiving the endorsement of Cotton
Mather, was installed Pastor of the recently organ-
ized church at New London, Connecticut, in 1722.
James Abraham Hillhouse took his Master's degree
at Yale, from which he was graduated in 1749, and
receiving an appointment as Tutor at the College in
the following year, continued in that capacity until
1756. He entered the legal profession and became
a successful practitioner in New Haven, and was
chosen one of the twelve "assistants" in 1772.
His death occurred in 1775. His grand-nephew
also named James Abraham, was born in New
Haven, September 26, 17S9, and graduated at Yale
in 1808. He engaged in mercantile business in
New York City and was financially successful. Re-
tiring from business in 1822, he devoted the rest of
his life to literature. A visit to England in 1S19
gave him an opportunity to form the acquaintance
of many noted men of that day by Avhom he was
kindly received and well thought of. His last years
were spent on his estate near New Haven, called
Sachem's ^\'ood, where he died January 5, 1841.
He was a poet of recognized merit and the author
of numerous poems, discourses, dramas etc., among
which are: The Judgment — a Vision, delivered
before the Phi Beta Kappa Society of Yale ;
Sachem's Wood, a poem ; Percy's Masque ; Hadad,
dramas ; and Demetria, an Italian tragedy. He
married Cornelia Lawrence, daughter of Isaac Law-

LUQUIENS, Jean Jules Adolphe, 1845-

Born at Lausanne, Switzerland, 1845; early education
acquired in schools of native place ; Theological School,
Canton de Vaud, 1866; Ph.D. Yale, 1873; teacher Cin-
cinnati University, 1873-74; Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 1874-92; Professor Modern Languages,
Yale, 1892-.

JEAN JULES ADOLPHE LUQUIENS, Ph.D.,
Professor of Modern Languages at Yale, was
born in Lausanne, Switzerland, in 1845. His early

JEAN J. A. LUQUIENS

education was acquired in the public schools of his
native town, where he received the usual European
.Academic training. He graduated in 1S66 from the
Theological School of the Free Church of the Can-
ton de Vaud, and attended afterward the Theological
Department of the University of Berlin. In 1873 he
obtained the degree of Doctor of Philosoi)hy from
Yale. He was a teacher in .American schools and
Cincinnati L^niversity from 1869 to 1S74, and in the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, from
1874 to 1892, when he was called to the Street Pro-
fessorship of Modern Languages at Yale. Professor
Luquiens is a member of the American Oriental

25°

UNIVERSITIES JND THEIR SONS

Society and of tlie Modern Language Association.
He was married in 1875 to Emma Clark and has
three children : Frederic Bliss, Hue. Mazelet and
Louise Luquiens.

MUNSON, Eneas, 1734-1826.

Born in New Haven, Conn., 1734 ; graduated at Yale,
1753; Tutor at Yale; studied Divinity ; Chaplain in the
Army in Long Island; studied medicine ; President of
the Conn. Medical Society; Prof, of Materia Medica
and Botany; died in New Haven, 1826.

EXKAS MUNSON, M.D., Professor of Materia
Medica and Botany in the Medical School
of Yale from its organization until his death, was
born in New Haven, Connecticut, June 24, 1734,
and was graduated at Yale in 1753. After two
years spent as a Tutor in the College and in study-
ing divinity under President Stiles, he was appointed
Chaplain in the Army in Long Island. He also
studied medicine under Dr. John Darby, and in
1756 began practice in Bedford, New York, but in
1760 returned to New Haven, where he established
a large practice and maintained a high reputation
for more than fifty years. During the Revolutionary
period he served at various times in the State Leg-
islature, and for many years he was President of the
Connecticut Medical Society. He died in New
Haven, June 16, 1S26.

SAGE, Henry William, 1814-1897.

Born in Middletown, Conn., 1814: studied at Bristol,
Conn. ; entered business at Ithaca, N. Y. : endowed the
■' Lyman Beecher Lectureship on Preaching " ; built
Sage College, a College Hall at Cornell ; assisted in
establishing the Library at Cornell; founded the Susan
C. Sage Professorship of Philosophy at Cornell ; en-
dowed the Sage School of Philosophy ; President of the
Board of Trustees, Cornell ; died in Ithaca, N. Y,, 1897,

HI-:NRY WILLL-\M sage, who established
the Lyman Beecher Lectureship at Yale,
was the son of Charles Sage and was born in Middle-
town, Connecticut, January 31, 1S14. He prepared
for Yale at Bristol, Connecticut, but soon removed
to Ithaca, New York, and entered business there in
1832. He soon became interested in the lumber
industry, established logging mills and factories in
Canada and Michigan and became one of the
largest landowners in Michigan. In 1857 Mr. Sage
moved to Brooklyn and became a prominent member
of Plymouth Church. In 1871 he gave $10,000 to
the Yale Divinity School to endow the " Lyman
Beecher Lectureship on Preaching " to be filled by

the annual appointment of some person who had
been successful in the ]iractical work of the ministry.
The first lecturer was Henry Ward Beecher, and
the lectureship has since been filled by some of the
most distinguished preachers of both England and
America. Mr. Sage became much interested in the
founding of Cornell. In 1873 he built Sage College,
:i College Hall for women which did much to settle
the question of co-education at Cornell. When the
establishment of a library seemeil to be in doubt,
owing to the difficulties arising in connection with
the Willard Fiske bequest, Mr. Sage assumed the
cost of construction, and further endowed the
library with $300,000. He also foinided the Susan
C. Sage Professorship of Philosophy and endowed
the Sage School of Philosophy with $200,000
making the total sum of his gifts to Cornell over
$1,000,000. He also gave freely of his time and
ability, spending the later years of his life in Ithaca,
and acting after the death of Ezra Cornell as
President of the Board of Trustees. Mr. Sage died
in Ithaca, New York, September 17, 1S97.

SLOANE, Thomas Chalmers, 1847-1890.

Born in New York City, 1847; graduated at Yale,
1868 ; entered business in New York City ; built Sloane
Physical Laboratory; member of the Corporation;
endowed the University Library ; died in Lenox,
Mass., i8go.

mOMAS CHALMERS SLOANE, who with
his brother Henry T. Sloane, gave and
liberally endowed the Sloane Physical Laboratory,
was born in New York City, October 21, 1847. He
entered Yale in the Class of 1S68 and after gradua-
tion joined his father and brothers in the business
firm of W. & J. Sloane in New York. In 1873 he
married Priscilla P. Dixon, sister of one of his class-
mates. In 1880, after his father's death, he proposed
the gift to Yale of a suitable memorial. The Sloane
Physical Laboratory, completed in 1883, was the
result. Later he rendered great help in securing
funds for the new Gyinnasium and contributed
liberally himself. In 1889 he was elected a mem-
ber of the Corporation by the Alumni. During the
winter of 1 888 Mr. Sloane's health, never ver)' strong,
began to fail, and he died in Lenox, Alassachusetts,
June 17, 1S90, leaving a widow but no children.
By his will he made liberal bequests to a number of
charities, an absolute bequest to Yale of $75,000
for the Sloane Laboratory and a conditional bequest of
$200,000 which has since been received and added
to the endowment fund of the L^niversity Library.

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

251

WINCHESTER, Oliver Fisher, 1810-1880.

Born in Boston, Mass., 1810; learned the carpenter's
trade; master-builder in Baltimore, Md.; began the
manufacture of shirts in New Haven. Conn. ; stock-
holder of the Volcanic Arms Co., which later became
the Winchester Repeating Arms Co., President of the
same; Presidential Elector, 1864; Lieut. -Governor of
Connecticut, 1866; founded an observatory at Yale;
died in New Haven, Conn., 1880.

OLIVER FISHER WINCHESTER, Benefactor
of Yale, was born in Boston, Massachusetts,
November 30, 18 10. His educational opportunities
were meagre. Having learned the carpenter's trade
he became a master-builder in Baltimore, Maryland,
but abandoned the trade in 1833, to engage in
mercantile pursuits. In 1834, he opened the first
men's furnishing store in Maryland, which he con-
ducted until 1848, when he moved to New Haven,
Connecticut, and in company with John M. Davies
began the manufacture of shirts. That enterprise
was probably the first of its kind established in
America and grew to be the largest in the United
States. His interest in firearms dates from about
the year 1856, when he became one of the principal
stockhoUlers in the Volcanic Arms Company, orga-
nized for the purpose of manufacturing a repeating
rifle invented by Benjamin T. Henry, which was one
of the first magazine guns produced in this country.
That enterprise was succeeded in i860, by the New
Haven Arms Company, promoted by Mr. Winchester
who purchased the combined interests of his associ-
ates, and in 1865, the New Haven Arms Company
was superseded by the Winchester Repeating Arms
Company. Disposing of his interest in the shirt
manufactory in order to devote his whole time to
the Presidency of the new company, the Henry rifle
under his direction passed through a series of im-
provements and eventually became known as the
\\'inchester Repeating Rifle, many of which were
sold to the French and Turkish governments. In
1872 the company began to manufacture metallic
cartridges and at the present time has ficilities for
producing one million per day. Mr. Winchester
was chosen by the Republican party a Presidential
Elector in 1864, and was elected Lieutenant-Gover-
nor of Connecticut in 1866. His interest in educa-
tional and religious work was emphasized by liberal
donations, and besides his gifts to the scientific and
theological schools connected with Yale he gave
property to the value of §100,000 to be used for
the founding and maintenance of an observatory,
with the special request that it should not be named
in his honor. .\s a result of his interest in science

the Vale Observatory contains the tmly hciiometer in
this country, and its horological and tliermometric
bureaus arc exceedingly useful in ascertaining the
defects in watches and thermometers. Mr. Win-
chester died in New Haven, Connecticut, December
10, 1880.

BUNNELL, Otis Gridley, 1868-

Born in Burlington, Conn, 1868; graduated at Yale
(Sheffield Scientific School), 1892; travelled abroad ;
appointed as Assistant in French at Yale, 1894; and an
Instructor, 1895.

lis GRIDLEY BUNNELL, Ph.B., Instruc-
tor in French at Vale, was born in Burling-
ton, Connecticut, December 19, 1868, son of Norris

U'llS GKIDLEV BUNNELL

Woodruff' and Kavanna (Edwnrtis) Bunnell. His
ancestors were originally English, .\tter conclud-
ing his attendance at the public schools he entered
the Sheffield Scientific School of Yale, and was
graduated in 1892. During the succeeding two
years he travelled in Eurojie, spending a considera-
ble portion of tlie time in France, where he per-
fected his studies in his present specialty. In 1894
he returned to Yale as an .Assistant in French, and
was appointed an Instructor in that language in
1895. Mr. Bunnell is a member of the Graduates
Club, New Haven.

2S±

VNIVERSIl'IES AND THEIR SONS

ALEXANDER, Joseph Addison, 1809-1860.

Born in Philadelphia, Penn., 1809; graduated at
Princeton, 1826; associated in the establishment of
Edgehill Seminary at Princeton, N.J.; Adj. Prof. An-
cient Languages and Literature at Princeton ; Asso.
Prof, and Professor in Princeton Theological Sem-
inary ; died at Princeton, N. J., i860.

JOSEPH ADDISON ALEXANDER, Adjunct
Professor at Princeton, was born in Pliiladel-
pliia, April 24, 1809, son of Archibald Alexander,
D.D. ; died in Princeton, January 28, 1S60. He
was graduated at Princeton in 1826, with the first
honor of his class, and soon after associated himself
with R. B. Patton in the establishment of P^dgehill
Seminary at Princeton. In 1830 he was appointed
.Adjunct Professor of Ancient Languages and Liter-
ature at Princeton, which chair he filled until 1833,
when he went abroad and spent several years in
studying languages. In 1838 he was elected Asso-
ciate Professor of Oriental and Biblical Literature in
Princeton Theological Seminary, and in 1840 he was
made Professor. Subsequently ( 1 85 1 ) he was trans-
ferred to the Chair of Biblical and Ecclesiastical
History, and in 1859 to the Chair of Hellenistic
and New Testament Literature, which he held until
his death. He was master of nearly all the modern
languages of Europe, and as an Orientalist he had
few superiors. His great linguistic knowledge is
shown by his numerous exegetical works. His
biography, by his nephew, Henry Carringlon Alex-
ander, was published in 1869.

degrees of Doctor of Philosophy and Doctor ot Laws
from Princeton College in 1867 and 1882 respec-
tively, and that of Doctor of Divinity was conferred in
1 87 7 by Rutgers College. At the Sesquicentennial of
Princeton University in 1896, he was honored with
the degree of Doctor of Letters. His published
works are : Narrative of a Residence and Travels
in Modern Greece ; Life of Robert Baird, D.D. ;
History of the Rise of the Huguenots ; The Hugue-

HENRV MARTVN BAIRD

BAIRD, Henry Martyn, 1832-

Born in Philadelphia, 1832 ; educated at the Univer-
sities of the City of New York and of Athens, Greece,
and at Union and Princeton Theological Seminaries ;
Tutor at Princeton, 1855 ; Professor of Greek Language
and Literature at the University of the City of New
York, 1859-

HENRY MARTYN BAIRD, Ph.D., D.D.,
LL.D., L.H.D., Tutor at Princeton, was
born in Philadelphia, January 17, 1832, son of the
Rev. Robert Baird, D.D., an eminent American
clergyman and philanthropist. Graduating from the
University of the City of New York in 1850, he con-
tinued his studies in Greece and at the Union and
Princeton Theological Seminaries, after which he
became a Tutor at Princeton, 1855-1859. In 1859
he was called to the Chair of Greek Language and
Literature at the University of the City of New York,
which he still holds. Professor Baird received the

nots and Henry of Navarre ; The Huguenots and
the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes ; and Theo-
dore Beza, the Counsellor of French Protestantism
(1899).

BLAIR, Samuel, 1741-1818.

Born in Fagg's Manor, Penn., in 1741 ; graduated
at Princeton, 1760; Tutor; licensed to preach, 1764;
Pastor at Boston, Mass.; elected President of Prince-
ton but did not serve; member of the Penn. Legisla-
ture ; Chaplain to the Continental Congress ; received
the D.D. degree from the University of Penn.; died
in Germantown, Penn., 1818.

SAMUEL BLAIR, elected sixth President of
Princeton, but who did not serve, was the
son of Samuel Blair, founder and Principal of the
Classical School at Fagg's Manor, Pennsylvania.
There the subject of this sketch was born, in 1741 ;

UNIVERSITIES AND rilKIR SONS

^53

lie died in Germantown, Pennsylvania, September
24, 1818. He was graduated at Princeton in 1760,
and was a Tutor there until 1764, when he was
licensed to preach by the Newcastle Presbytery. In
1 766 he was settled as colleague of Dr. Sewall, over
the Old South Church in Boston. In 1767, at the
age of twenty- six, he was elected to the Presidency
of Princeton, Dr. Witherspoon having declined the
first call of the Trustees to that office ; but learning
that owing to a change of circumstances Dr. With-
erspoon was willing to accept, Mr. Blair declined in
his favor. His health becoming impaired, chiefly
as a result of exposure in a shipwreck while on his
way from Philadelphia to Boston to assume his
Pastorate in 1766, at which time he narrowly es-
caped with his life, he resigned his charge in 1769,
and returned to Philadelphia, where he married a
daughter of Dr. Shippen. The rest of his life was
passed at Germantown, where he was the princijxil
founder of the English Presbyterian Church. He
was several times a member of the Pennsylvania
Assembly, and was for two years Chaplain to the
Continental Congress. The degree of Doctor of
Divinity was given him by the University of Penn-
sylvania in 1790.

ELLSWORTH, Oliver, 1745-1807.

Born in Windsor, Conn., 1745; entered Yale, grad-
uated at Princeton, 1766; studied theology and law;
admitted to the Hartford County Bar, 1771 ; elected
States Attorney, 1775 ; member of the Conn. General
Assembly; delegate to the Continental Congress;
member of the Governor's Council ; Judge of the Conn.
Superior Court; member of the Federal Convention at
Philadelphia ; member of the U. S. Senate ; Chief-Jus-
tice of the U. S. Supreme Court ; member of the com-
mittee appointed to adjust the difficulties between the
U. S. and France; Chief-Justice of the Conn. Supreme
Court ; died in Windsor, Conn., 1807.

OLIVER ELLSWORTH, LL.D., one of the
founders of the Cliosophic Society at Prince-
ton, was born in Windsor, Connecticut, April 29,
1745. In 1762 he entered Yale, but shortly after-
ward went to Princeton, where he was graduated with
high honors in 1766. Having studied theology a year
he abandoned it for the law and was admitted to the
Hartford County Bar in T771. He practised his
profession in connection with farming until 1775,
in which year he was electeil States Attorney, and
selling his farm he removed to Hartford, where he
immediately rose to prominence as a lawyer. At the
outbreak of the Revolutionary War he was elected by

the \\ hig party to represent Windsor in the General
Assembly, in which he figured as a member of the
Committee of Four, formed for the purpose of
managing the military finances of the Colony and
called "the Pay Table." As a delegate to the
Continental Congress in 1778 he served upon the
Marine Committee or I5oard of Admiralty, and also
on the Conmiittee of Appeals, and from 1 780 till
I 784 he was one of the most valuable members of
the Governor's Council. Retiring from the Conti-
nental Congress in i 783 and refusing to serve further,
although again re-elected, he declined the appoint-
ment of Commissioner of the Treasury, but accepted
that of Judge of the Connecticut Superior Court,
which he held some four years. In May 1787, he
was made a member of the Federal Convention at
Philadelphia, where he earnestly advocated state
rights, and the motion, which was carried, expunging
from the Constitution the words " National Gov-
ernment," and substituting instead the words " Gov-
ernment of the United States," was made by him.
Domestic affairs compelled him to quit the Conven-
tion before the day fixed for signing the Constitution,
but he labored diligently and effectively in securing
its ratification by the Connecticut State Convention.
He was a member of the First United States Senate
under the new government which was assembled at
New York, in i 789, and the Act drawn by him as
Chairman of the Committee appointed to organize
the Judiciary is still in force. His zealous endeav-
ors to strengthen the financial credit of the Republic,
and at the same time confine the national expenses
to a basis of actual necessity, gained for him the title
of "The Cerberus of the Treasury," and his en-
couragement and protection of home manufactures
received general commendation. He was universally
recognized as the Federalist leader in the Senate
and John Adams called him " the finest pillar of
Washington's whole administration." The sending
of John Jay to England was suggested by him and
his eloquent defence of the resulting treaty caused it
to be accepted by the Senate. From 1 796 to i 799
he served with marked ability as Chief-Justice of the
United States Supreme Court. In the latter year he
was in company with Patrick Henry and Governor
William R. Davie, appointed by President Adams
to adjust the difficulties then existing between the
L'nited States and F'rance, and this extraordinary
commission as it was termed, not only succeeded
in settling the questions in dispute, but gained from
the French government a recognition of the rights
of neutral vessels, together with an inilcmnity for

254

UNIVERSITIES JND THEIR SONS

depredations on American commerce, the discussions
and negotiations for which were conducted ahiiost
exchisi\ely by Judge l-^llsworth. Ill health caused
him to resign the Chief-Justiceship while still abroad.
He spent some time in England testing the curative
powers of the Mineral Springs at Bath, and although
it was not customary at that time for Englishmen to
look with favor upon the United States or its people,
he was cordially received by distinguished represen-
tatives of the Court, the Bench and the Bar. In
1S02 he was again elected to the governor's Council,
which then acted as a final Court of Appeals and in
1807 he was appointed Chief-Justice of the Con-
necticut Supreme Court, but the feeble state of his
health forced him to resign a few months later,
and his death occurred at Windsor, Connecticut,
November 26, 1807, shortly after his retirement.
Two of his sons acquired distinction, namely, Henry
Leavitt Ellsworth, who became United States Com-
missioner of Patents; and William Wolcott Ells-
worth, who served as Governor of Connecticut and
Justice of the Superior Court. The latter married
a daughter of Noah Webster.

WILSON, Albert Harris, 1872-

Born at Saundersville, Tenn., 1872; early education
in a private school in Sumner county, Tenn., graduated
from Vanderbilt University at Nashville, Tenn., with
degree of B.S., 1892; degree M.S. from the sam.e Uni-
versity in 1893 ; graduate student at Johns Hopkins,
1893-95; Instructor in Mathematics at Princeton since
1895-

ALBERT HARRIS WILSON, M.S., Instructor
in Mathematics at Princeton, was born at
Saundersville, Tennessee, February 4, 1872, son of
Thomas Black and Lucy Gwathmey (Cragwall) Wil-
son. On the paternal side he is of Scotch ancestry ;
on the maternal of Welsh descent. He received his
early education at a private school in Sumner
county, Tennessee, afterwards becoming a student
in Vanderbilt University at Nashville, Tennessee,
from which he graduated with the degree of Bachelor
of Science in the Class of 1892, receiving the degree
of Master of Science the following year. From 1893
to 1895 he was a graduate student at Johns Hopkins.
In 1895 he was made Instructor in Mathematics at
Princeton, a position he fills at the present time.
Mr. Wilson has taken no part in political life and is
unmarried.

SCHANCK, John Stillwell, 1817-

Born near Freehold, N. J., 1817; fitted for College in
Lenox, Mass.; graduated Princeton, Class of 1840;

then studied medicine in Princeton and in the Univer-
sity of Pa., at Philadelphia, receiving the degree of
M.D. in 1843; Physician and Professor of Chemistry
etc., at Princeton, 1842-1893 ; since 1892 Professor
Emeritus of Chemistry and Hygiene.

JOHN STILLWELL SCHANCK, M.D., Pro-
fessor " Emeritus " of Chemistry and Hygiene,
at Princeton, was born near Freehold, New Jersey,
February 24, 181 7, son of Rudolf R. and Mary
(.Stillwell) Schanck. On the paternal side he is
descended from Edgar " the Schenck," cup-bearer
(butler) to Charlemagne, 780, and from Roelof
Martense Schenck of Holland, who came to Flatlands,
Long Island, in 1650, and whose descendants settled
in north-eastern New Jersey. He received his early

JOHN STIIXWELL SCH.ANCK

education in a common school near Middletown,
New Jersey, and in Lenox, Massachusetts. He then
entered Princeton, and graduated with the Class of
1840, after which he took a course in medicine at
Princeton and the University of Pennsylvania, receiv-
ing the degree of Doctor of Medicine in 1843. He
has been Physician and Professor of Chemistry, etc.,
in Princeton for half a century, from 1842 to 1893, but
since 1892 has not been engaged in active work as a
teacher, having been made, in that year. Professor
"Emeritus" of Chemistry and Hygiene. In politics,
he is a Republican. He was married, October 1842,
to Maria Robbins, of Lenox, Massachusetts. They
have had seven chiUlren, three of whom are still living.

UNIVERSITIES AND I'llElR SONS

25s

AGNEW, Cornelius Rea, 1830-1888.

Born in New York City. 1830; educated at Columbia
and the College of Physicians and Surgeons ; was for
thirty-five years actively connected with various hos-
pitals of the metropolis, founded the Brooklyn and
Manhattan Eye and Ear Hospitals; member of the U.
S. Sanitary Commission, 18E0-1867; Lecturer in the
Medical Department of Columbia, 1867-69 ; Professor
of Diseases of the Eye and Ear, i86g-i8f8; a Trustee
from 1874 until his death in 1888.

CORNELIUS REA AGNEW, A.M., M.I).,
Professor and Lecturer in the Medical
Department of Columbia and a Trustee, was born in
New York City, August 8, 1830. Graduating from
Columbia in 1849 and from tlie Medical Depart-
ment in 1852, he served as House Surgeon and
Curator of the New York City Hospital previous to
perfecting his studies in Europe and upon his return
was appointed Surgeon to the New York Eye and
Ear Infirmary, remaining there until 1864. His
establishment of an Ophthalmic Clinic at the College
of Physicians and Surgeons in 1868 was followed in
the ensuing year by his appointment as Professor of
Diseases of the Eye and Ear at that Institution, and
he continued as such for the rest of his life. His
zeal for the welfare and prosperity of the University
from which he was graduated, was second only to
his professional duties, which were themselves in a
great measure closely identified with the interests of
his a/ma iiiatcr, and aside from his earnest desire to
enlarge and improve its Medical Department, he
aided in establishing the School of Mines, and acted
as a Trustee from 1874 to 1888. The Brooklyn
and Manhattan Eye and Ear Hospitals were founded
by him in 1868 and 1869 respectively. As Medical
Director of the State Volunteer Hospital during the
Civil War, and as one of the Managers of the Insane
Hospital at Poughkeepsie, he greatly increased the
eflficacy of the public medical service, and his labors
in behalf of the United States Sanitary Commission
of which he was a member, from i860 to 1867,
were extremely valuable. L)r. Agnew was elected
President of the State Medical Society in 1872, and
was President of the Board of Trustees of the New
York Public Schools. As a specialist in ophthalmic
and aural surgery he was without a superior in this
country, and his death which occurred in 1888, was
the cause of general regret. During his professional
life the fruits of his experience and observation were
made known to his brother practitioners by his
numerous contributions to the medical journals. His
other publications consist of brief monographs and a
series of Clinical Lectures.

ANTHONY, William Arnold, 1835

Born in Coventry, R. I., 1835; educated in the Scien-
tific Department of Yale and Assistant Instructor
there, 1856-57; Professor of Physics and Chemistry at
Antioch College, 1867-70; appointed to the Chair of
Industrial Physics and Mechanics at Cornell in 1872 ;
designed several valuable machines ; and has contrib-
uted much to scientific literature.

WILLIAM ARNOLD ANTHONY, Ph.D.,
Lecturer in Electrical Engineering at
Columbia, and formerly Assistant in Engineering at
Vale, was born in Coventry, Rhode Island, Novem-
ber 17, 1835. After serving as Assistant Instructor

• Ssi''^ii*lgs«-*ir

WILLIAM AKNOLD ANTHONY

in the Scientific Department of Yale, where his edu-
cation was completed, he was Principal of a graded
school in Crompton, Rhode Island, for three years,
and in 1S60-61 he was teacher of the sciences in the
Providence Conference Seminary at East Greenwich,
that state. He subsequently taught in Franklin,
New York, and from 1867 to 1870 he was Professor
of Physics and Chemistry at Antioch College. He
was Professor of Physics at Iowa State Agricultural
College from 1870 to 1872, and in the latter year
became Professor of Physics and Mechanics at
Cornell. Since 1879 he has been Lecturer in
Electrical Engineering at Columbia, and Professor
of Physics at the Cooper Union Free Night School
of Science. Professor Anthony has designed two

'.56

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

turbine wheels, constnicted in 1S75 a ("Tramme
dynamo-electric machine, and has also produced a
large tangent galvanometer for the accurate measure-
ment of electric currents to one or two hundred
amperes. He belongs to the American Association
for the Advancement of Science, and the American
Institute of Electrical Engineers. His contributions
to scientific literature have been widely read, and
in collaboration with Professor C. F. Brackett he
published an Elementary Text-book on Physics.
Professor Anthony received the honorary degree of
Bachelor of Physics from Yale in i860.

ANTHON, George Christian.

Born in Germany ; was a Surgeon in the British
Army during the American Revolution ; afterwards
settled in New York City and became actively inter-
ested in the welfare of Columbia.

GEORGE CHRISTIAN ANTHON, M.D.,
Trustee of Columbia from 1796 to 18 15,
was born in Germany, and subsequent to the com-
pletion of his professional studies he was a Surgeon
in the British Army, where he attained the rank of
Surgeon-General. He came to America with the
.■\rmy during the Revolutionary War, and continued
in His Majesty's service until the surrender of
Detroit in 1788, when he resigned his commission
and settled in New York, .-^side from his profes-
sional attainments his natural ability and progressive
tendencies drew him into other fields of usefulness,
particularly that of education, and his services as a
Trustee of Columbia which extended through a
period of nearly twenty years, were exceedingly
valuable to that institution. Dr. Anthon married
the daughter of a French officer. His second son,
John, was a prominent Jurist and founder of the
New York Law Institute. Another son, Henry be-
came a clergyman, and a third, Charles Anthon,
who was graduated from Columbia in 181 5, became
Jay Professor of Greek Langu.ige and Literature
there, and was the author of several valuable College
text-books.

ANTHON, Charles. 1797-1867.

Born in N. Y. City, 1797; graduated at Columbia,
1815; studied law and admitted to the Bar; Adjunct
Professor and Professor of Greek and Latin at Co-
lumbia at the same time becoming Head-Master of
the Grammar School attached to the College ; Pro-
fessor of Greek Language and Literature ; received

the LL.D. degree from Columbia, 1831 ; died at N. Y.
City, 1867.

CHARLES ANTHON, LL.D., Professor in
Columbia, was born m New York City,
November 19, 1797; died there, July 29, 1867.
He was a son of Dr. George Christian Anthon, a
German physician, who served in the British Army
until the surrender of Detroit in 1778, when he
resigned, married the daughter of a French officer,
and settled in New York City. Charles was
graduated at Columbia in 1S15, studied law in tlie
office of his brother John, a prominent jurist, and
was admitted to the Bar in 1S19. He never
practised law however, being appointed in 1820
Adjunct Professor of Greek and Latin in Columbia.
Ten years later he succeeded to the full Professor-
ship, at the same time becoming Head-Master of
the Grammar School attached to the College. The
latter post he occupied until 1864. In 1S57 he
was transferred to the Jay Chair of Greek Language
and Literature. Professor Anthon was made a
Doctor of Laws by Columbia in 1 83 1 . He devoted
much attention to the preparation of text books for
Colleges, and published nearly fifty volumes of
classical schoolbooks, many of which were re-
published in Europe.

BARD, William, 1777-1853.

Born in N. Y. City, 1777; graduated at Columbia,
1797 ; became a pioneer in life insurance in the U. S.;
President of the N. Y. Life Insurance Co.; Trustee of
Columbia, 1840-53 ; died in N. Y. City, 1853.

WILLIAM BARD, Trustee of Columbia, was
born in New York City in October 1777,
son of Dr. Samuel Bard, and was graduated at
Columbia in 1797. He became a pioneer in life
insurance in the United States, and for many years
from its foundation in 1S30 was President of the
New York Life Insurance Company. Mr. Bard
strved as a Trustee of Columbia from 1840 to 1853.
He died in New York City, October 17, 1G53.

BURR, William Hubert, 1851-

Born in Watertown, Conn., 1851 ; graduated from the
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute of Troy, N. Y., in
1872, with the degree of C.E. ; Professor of Rational
and Technical Mechanics at Rensselaer Polytechnic
Institute, 1876-84 ; Assistant to the Chief Engineer,
Engineer of Construction and General Manager of the
Phcenix Bridge Company, 1884-91, superintending the
construction of some of the largest bridges then built ;
Professor of Engineering at Harvard, 1892-93; Professor
of Civil Engineering at Columbia, 1893 to date; mem-

UNIFERSiriES AND THEIR SONS

-57

ber of Committee on Water Front of New York City,
1894, and of a Committee of experts on rapid-transit;
member of Commission of Engineers on Hudson River
bridge, 1894 ; Consulting Engineer to the Department
of Public Works of New York, 1893-95; member of
Board of Consulting Engineers to the Department of
Docks, 1895-9S; Consulting Engineer to the Depart-
ment of Public Parks, 1896-98 ; has held numerous other
important professional positions ; is the author of several
professional text-books.

WILLIAM HUBERT BURR, C.E., Professor
of Civil Engineering at Columbia, was born
in Watertown, Connecticut, July 14, 1851. Both his
father, George William Burr, and his mother, Marion
Foot Scoville, were members of old colonial families.
The Burrs were an English family, the first member
of which in a direct line in this country was Jehu
Burr, who settled at what is now Springfield, Massa-
chusetts, in 1640. Soon afterwards he removed to
Fairfield, Connecticut, since that time the residence
of the family. His descendants were prominent in
colonial affairs, and played important parts in the
early development of Connecticut. During the
Revolutionary War the patriotism of the family en-
tailed severe losses upon it, especially during the
incursion into F'airfield of the British under Tryon
in 1777. William Hubert Burr received his early
education through private instruction and in the
Academy at Watertown, Connecticut. In 1S6S he
entered the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute at Troy,
graduating in 1S72 witli the degree of Civil Engineer,
and has since been engaged in the active practice
of his profession. He was the Professor of Rational
and Technical Mechanics at the Rensselaer Poly-
technic Institute from 1876 to 1884. During this
period he published three books : The Stresses in
Bridge and Roof Trusses ; The Elasticity and Resist-
ance of the Materials of Engineering ; and The
Theory of the Masonry Arch ; besides a number of
contributions to Transactions of Engineering Socie-
ties and similar publications. From 1884 to 1S91
he was successively Assistant to the Chief Engineer,
Engineer of Construction, and General Manager of
the Phrenix Bridge Company of Phcenixville, Penn-
sylvania, and some of the largest bridges then built,
among them the Chesapeake & Ohio bridge across
the Ohio River at Cincinnati, the Red Rock Canti-
lever across the Colorado River near The Needles,
California, and the Pecos Viaduct in Texas, were
designed and built under his supervision. In
1891-1892 he was Vice-President of the firm of
Sooysmith & Company of New York. He was Pro-
fessor of Engineering at Harvard from 1892 to 1893.
VOL. II. — 17

Since the latter year he has been Professor of Civil
Engineering in Columbia. In 1894 he served on
the sub-committee of the Committee of Seventy on
the improvement of New York City's water-front, and
was also a member of a committee of experts ap-
pointed by the Rapid Transit Commission to con-
sider plans and estimates for the establishment of a
rapid-transit system in New York. In the same
year he was appointed by President Cleveland a
member of a Board of ICngineers to consider the
feasibility of a single 3200-foot span suspension
bridge over the Hudson River. From 1S93 to

WM. H. BURR

1895 he was Consulting Engineer to the Depart-
ment of Public Works of New York City for the
design and construction of the Harlem Ship Canal
Bridge. From 1895 to January 1898, he was a
member of the Board of Consulting Engineers to
the Department of Docks. In February 1896, he
was appointed Consulting Engineer to the Depart-
ment of Public Parks, in charge of the construction
of the Harlem River Driveway and a number of
other public works. In the autumn of 1896 he
was apiiointed by President Cleveland a member of
a I'joard to determine the location of a deep-water
harbor for commerce and of refuge on the coast
of Southern California. Mr. Burr is a member of
the American Society of Civil Engineers, of the

258

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

Institution of Civil Engineers of Great Britain, ami
of a number of other professional and scientific
organizations. In 1S92 he received the Rowland
prize of the former Society for his paper on The
River Spans of the Cincinnati and Covington Bridge.
He has contributed a number of other papers to tlie
Society, and from 1S93 to 1S96 he was a director
of the organization. He married in 1S76 Caroline
Kent Seelye, who died in 1894. He has three
children : Marion Elizabeth, ^^'illiam Fairfield and
George Lindsley Burr.

BERRIAN, William, 1787-1862.

Born in New York City, 1787; educated at Columbia;
became an Episcopal Minister and was connected with
Trinity Church, New York, almost contmuously for
fifty-one years ; was a Trustee of Columbia from 1832
until his death in 1862, and published several religious
works.

WILLL^M BERRIAN, S.T.D., a Trustee of
Columbia for thirty years, was born in
New York. City in 1 787. Graduating from Columbia
in 1S08, he became an Episcopal clergyman in 18 10,
and in the following year was appointed Assistant
Minister at Trinity Church, New York. In 1830
he assumed the Rectorship, was chosen a Trustee in
1832, continuing to serve in each of these capacities
for the rest of his life, and with the exception of a
short time spent in Belleville, New Jersey, and two
visits to Europe, his labors in behalf of Trinity
Parish extended through a period of fifty-one years.
Dr. Berrian died November 7, 1862, leaving behind
him the honorable record of a zealous, high-minded
and exceedingly able clergyman. From Columbia
he received his Master's degree in course, was
made a Doctor of Divinity in 1828, was a
member of its Board of Trustees from 1832 to
1862 and a Trustee of Hobart from 1848 to 1862.
He was the author of Travels in France and Italy;
Devotions for the Sickroom ; Enter Thy Closet ;
Family and Private Prayers; Historical Sketch of
Trinity Church ; Recollections of Departed Friends ;
On Communion ; and The Sailors' Manual. He
also edited the works of Bishop J. H. Hobart.

BOYESEN, Hjalmar Hjorth, 1848-1896.

Born in Norway, 1848 ; acquired a liberal education ;
came to the United States in 1868 and became Editor
of a Scandinavian paper in Chicago, the following
year; was Professor of German at Cornell 1874-1880;

Instructor in same at Columbia, 1881-1882; appointed
Professor of Germanic Language and Literature there
in 1890; member of Columbia University Council,
1891-1892; died in i8g6.

HJALMAR HJORTH BOYESEN, Ph.D.,
Professor of Germanic Language and Lit-
erature at Columbia, was born in Fredericksvoern,
Norway, September 23, 1848. His education was
begun at the Gymnasiutn in Christiana, continued
in Leipzig, Germany, and completed at the Uni-
versity of Norway, from which he was graduated in
1868. Coming to the United States the same

HJALMAR HJORTH BOYESEN

year, in 1869, he took the Editorship of a Scandi-
navian newspaper called the Fremad, published in
Chicago, and the readiness with which he acquired
the language of the country enabled him in a
remarkably short space of time to write fluently in
English. In 1S74, he became Professor of German
at Cornell, holding that chair until 18S1, when he
came to Columbia as Instructor in the same lan-
guage; was made Professor in 1S82, and in 1890
appointed to the Chair of Germanic Language and
Literature. Professor Boyesen was a member of
the University Council for the years 1S91-1892.
As an author he has attained a wide-spread popu-
larity, and assisted in founding the Authors' Club
of New York. Amonij his best known stories are ;

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

259

Gunnar : A Norse Romance ; A Norseman's Pilgrim-
age ; ']"ales from Two Hemispheres ; Falconberg ;
Goethe and Schiller, Their Lives and Works ; Queen
Titania ; A Daughter of the I'hilislines ; The Story
of Norway ; Essays on Scandinavian Literature ;
Essays on German Literature ; The Light of Her
Countenance ; Vagabond Tales ; The Mammon of
Unrighteousness; Literary and Social Silhouettes;
The Golden Calf; Idylls of Norway; and three
stories for boys entitled : The Modern Vikings,
Boyhood in Norway and Against Heavy Odds.
Some of his works have been translated into Ger-
man, Norwegian, and Italian, and his Ilka on the
Hill-top was dramatized and successfully produced
in New York in 1SS4.

GRISCOM, John, 1774-1852.

Born in Salem county, N. J., 1774; educated at the
Friends' Academy, Philadelphia ; Principal of a
Friends' School in that city thirteen years ; noted ed-
ucator and philanthropist ; Professor of Chemistry at
Columbia, 1813-1820 ; of Chemistry and Natural His-
tory in the Medical Department of Rutgers sixteen
years; projector of schools and benevolent societies;
reorganized the common school system of New Jersey ;
one of the first to teach chemistry in the United
States; an early contributor to Silliman's Journal of
Science ; author of two interesting works ; died in
Burlington, 1852.

JOHN GRISCOM, Professor of Chemistry at
Columbia, was born in Hancock's Bridge,
Salem county. New Jersey, September 27, 1774.
Educated at the Friends' Academy, Philadelphia,
he was subsequently appointed Principal of the
Friends' Monthly-Meeting School, over which he
presided for thirteen years. He went to New York
City in 1S06 and was prominently identified with
educational work in the metropolis for the succeed-
ing twenty-five years. He was one of the first
American scholars to form a proper estimation of
the practical value of chemistry as a regular study,
and was among the pioneer class lecturers on that
science in this country. From 1S12 to 1828 he
was Professor of Chemistry and Natural History in
the Medical Department of Rutgers, and from 1813
to 1820 he occupied the Chair of Chemistry at
Columbia. His lectures were delivered in a build-
ing known as the New York Institution, immortalized
by the poet Fitz-Greene Halleck as being " Sacred
to Scudder's shells and Dr. Griscom " and about
which the present Columbia student can obtain infor-
mation only through tradition and the College annals.
Dr. Griscom promoted the establishment of a school

based upon the monitorial system of instruction which
had a successful existence under his charge from 1825
to ICS31, and was called the New York High School.
He was one of the organizers of the New York
Society for the Prevention of Pauperism and Crime,
a worthy antecedent of numerous similar movements.
After conclutling his educational work in the metrop-
olis he was Principal of the Friends' Boarding School
in Providence, Rhode Island for two years, lectured
on chemistry and natural ])hilosophy in different
places, was Superintendent and Trustee of public
schools in Burlington, New Jersey, and assisted in
improving the common school system of that st.ate.
Abstract translations of chemical articles from the
European scientific journals were contributed by
him to Silliman's Journal of Science for a number
of years, and he was the author of: A \'ear in
Europe; and Monitorial Instruction. Dr. (Iriscom
died in Burlington, February 26, 1852.

HACKLEY, Charles William, 1809-1861.

Born in Herkimer county, N. Y., 1809; graduated at
West Point, 1829; Assistant Professor at that place ;
studied theology and ordained as a clergyman ; Pro-
fessor of Mathematics in the University of N. Y.;
President of»Jefferson College, Miss.; Rector of St.
Peter's church, Auburn, N. Y., Professor of Math-
ematics and Astronomy at Columbia; died in N. Y.
City, 1861.

CH.'KRLES WILLIAM HACKLEY, S.T.I).,
Professor of Astronomy in Columbia, was
born in Herkimer county. New York, March 9,
iSog ; died in New York City, January 10, 1861.
He was graduated from the United States Military
.'Academy at West Point in 1829, and remained
there as Assistant Professor until 1832. He then
studied law, and later theology, and in 1835 was
ordained as a clergyman of the Protestant Episcopal
Church. Soon afterwards he became Professor of
Mathematics in the University of New York, and
subsequently President of Jefferson College, Missis-
sippi. He was also for a time Rector of St. Peter's
Church at Auburn, New York. He was aj^pointed
Professor of Mathematics and .Astronomy at Colimi-
bia in 1843, and in 1857 assumed the Chair ot
Astronomy alone, which he helil until his death. Pro-
fessor Hackley was iiarticularly active in his efforts
to establish an astronomical obser\'atory in New York
City. He was a profuse contributor to secular and
scientific journals and periodicals, and ])ublished a
Treatise on .Mgebra ; an elementary Course in
Geometry ; and Elements of Trigonometry.

s6o

VNIJ'ERSiriES ANB THEIR SONS

HEWITT, Abram Stevens, 1822-

Born in Haverstraw, N. Y., 1822; graduated at Co-
lumbia, 1842; Acting Professor of Mathematics, 1843;
studied law and practised for short time ; engaged in
the iron business with Peter Cooper; Secretary and
Director of the Cooper Union; U. S. Commissioner to
the Paris Exposition, 1867; Representative to Con-
gress, 1875-1879, and again I081-1886; Mayor of New
York City, 1887-1889; one of the organizers of the
County Democracy, 1879; promoted the U. S. Geolog-
ical Survey ; Chairman of the Democratic National
Committee, 1876; orator at the opening of the Brook-
lyn Bridge, 1883 ; President of the Columbia Alumni
Association, 1883; President of American Institute of
Mining Engineers, 1876; recognized authority on
finance, labor and the development of national
resources.

ABRAM STEVENS HEWTl'T, LL.D., Bene-
foclor of Columbia, and at one time Acting
Professor, was born in Haverstraw, New York, July
31, 1822. Proficiency in his studies in the New
York Public Schools gained for him a scholarship at
Columbia during the progress of which he supported
himself by teaching. Graduating with honor in 1842,
he remained at the College the following year as
Acting Professor of Mathematics. A warm friend-
ship between himself and his classmate, Edward
Cooper, resulted in his allying himself by marriage
with that well-known family, and he afterward be-
came the business associate of his College compan-
ion. He studied law and was admitted to the Bar
in 1849, but soon abandoned the profession to
engage in the iron business with Peter Cooper
whom he subsequently succeeded in company with
Edward Cooper, and the firm of Cooper & Hewitt
became the owners and operators of several large
iron mines. Having visited England solely for the
purpose of familiarizing himself with the manufacture
of gun-barrel material, Mr. Hewitt placed his re-
sources at the disposal of the Government during
the Civil War, and furnished gun-barrels to the War
Department at a heavy loss to his concern. He has
also sacrificed considerable by keeping his works in
operation during periods of business depression, and
as a result labor troubles have been avoided. His
report on Iron and Steel as United States Commis-
sioner to the Paris Exposition in 1867 was published
both in America and Europe, and his farewell ad-
dress as President of the American Institute of
Mining Engineers, 1876, on a Century of Mining
and Metallurgy in the United States, also created
favorable comment on both sides of the Atlantic.
Leaving Tammany and allying himself with Irving
Hall, he assisted in 1879, in organizing the County
Democracy. During his ten years in Congress his

speeches carried weight with both parties, and he
was mainly instrumental in re-establishing the United
States Geological Survey. .As Mayor of New York,
18S7-S9, his administration was conducted upon a
well organized business basis, and marked by a deter-
mination to hold the heads of departments account-
able for the stewardships intrusted to their charge.
Mr. Hewitt was Chairman of the Democratic National
Committee in 1876. He was President of the
Columbia Alumni Association for 1883, was selected
as Orator at the opening of Brooklyn Bridge the

ABRAM S. HEWITT

same year, and has long been considered a high
authority on labor, finance, the development of
national resources and numerous other business and
political issues. He has been Secretary and Direc-
tor of the Cooper Union from its organization and
for more than twenty-five years his duties in these
capacities equalled those of a College President.
He was made a Master of Arts by Columbia in
course, a Doctor of Laws in 1S87, and has dis-
played his appreciation and loyalty by presenting
the College with a substantial benefaction.

HOLLEY, Alexander Lyman, 1832-1882.

Born in Lakeville, Conn., 1832; graduated from
Brown, 1853 ; civil and mechanical engineer, railway
expert and metallurgist ; introduced in the U. S. the

UNU'ERSbTIES JND THEIR SONS

261

Bessemer process of making steel ; editor, writer and
Lecturer on the Metallurgy of Iron and Steel at the
Columbia School of Mines, 1878 until his death in 1882.

ALEXANDER LYMAN IIOLLEV, LL.D., Lec-
turer at Columbia, was born in Lakcville,
Connecticut, July 20, 1S32. His fatiier was Alex-
ander H. Holley, at one time Governor of Connec-
ticut, and Horace Holley, a graduate of Vale, 1S03,
a noted Unitarian preacher and President of Tran-
sylvania University, Kentucky, from 18 18 to 1827,
was his uncle. Alexander L. Holley was graduated
a civil engineer from the Scientific Department of
Brown in 1S53, and prior to taking the management
of the Railroad Advocate (1856) he worked as a
draughtsman and machinist, accjuired some knowl-
edge of mechanical engineering, autl was for a time
employed at the locomotive works in Jersey City.
His venture as joint publisher ami Editor of the
Advocate and of The American Engineer in com-
pany with Zerah Colburn proved somewhat disas-
trous. Visiting Europe for the purpose of studying
foreign railway systems, his report pointed out the
way in which the running expenses of American
roads could be reduced. He was for some time a
regular contributor to the New York Times on en-
gineering topics, in the interest of which he visited
Europe. He returned on the first transatlantic trip
of the " Great Eastern," having previously written a
series of articles for the New York Times on her
construction. He was for some time Editor of the
Mechanical Department of the American Railway
Review. At the outbreak of the Civil War he
offered his services to the Federal Government,
which never took the trouble to acknowledge the
receipt of his letter. He was sent abroad in 1862
by Edwin A. Stevens to study ordnance and armor,
and in the following year he again crossetl the
ocean in the interest of Corning W inslow & Com-
pany of Troy, New York, for the purpose of
obtaining information on the manufacture of Bes-
semer steel, the latter trip resulting in his securing
the American rights to the [jrocess, and ujion his
return he established the first Besseuier plant in
Troy. He subsequently planned similar works in
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, North Chicago, Joliet,
Pittsburg and St. Louis, and in the designing of the
Scranton, Bethlehem and Cambria works he was the
consulting engineer. Among the sixteen ]xatents
issued to him several were for imiirovements in the
Bessemer Process, one of the most notable of which
was his detached converter-Nhell. Mr. Holley re-
tained an active interest in the iron and steel manu-

facture for the rest of his life and the results of his
observations and ex]3eriments were confidentially
made known to the Bessemer .Association. The Gov-
ernment was at length forced to recognize his ability
as an expert in the useful sciences, and in 1S75 he
was appointed to the Board for Testing of Metals.
In 1S78 he was sinnmonetl to the Cohnnbia School
of Mines as Lecturer on the Metallurgy of Iron and
Steel, and continued as such until his death, which
occurred in ISrooklyn, January 29, 1882. I\Ir. Holley
was a 'I'rustee of the Rensselaer I'olytechnic Institute
from 1865 to 1867, and again from 1870 to 1882. He
received the degree of Doctor of Laws from Brown
in 1878. He was a member of various scientific
bodies including the Institute of Mining Engineers
of which he was President in 1875 ; the .American
Societies of Civil and Mechanical Engineers, having
been Vice-President of the former in 1875 and of
the latter in 1880. Besides American and Eurojiean
Raihv.ay Practice and a Treatise on Ordnance and
Armor, both of which were issued simultaneously in
New York and I.ondon, he was the author of numer-
ous technical papers, and in collaboration with Lenox
Smith wrote a series of forty-one articles on Amer-
ican Iron and Steel which were published in the
London Engineering.

HARDON, Henry Winthrop, 1861-

Born in Boston, Mass., i85i ; graduate of Harvard,
A.B., 1882, A.M., 1885, LL.B., Harvard Law School,
1885; admitted to the Suffolk County Bar in Boston,
1885; went to New York in 1885 and entered law office
of Evarts, Choate & Beaman ; continued there (with
the exception of the winter semester of 1887-88, spent
in study of International Law at the University of
Berlin) until September 1895 ; in September 1895, on
the recommendation of Dean Ames of the Harvard
Law School, was made Professor of Law at Cornell ;
Professor of Law at Columbia, 1896 to date.

HI'.NRY AVINTHROP HARDON, A.M.,
LL.B., Professor of Law at Columbia, was
born in Boston, Massachusetts, Ajjril 13, 1S61. His
fuller, Henry C. Harden, who m.uried .Anna
\\'allace A\'ilson, came of a family which has been
established at Mansfield, Massachusetts, since pre-
Revolutionary times, and the Wilson funily, de-
scended from A\'illiam A\'ilson of Boston (1635),
were among the original proprietors of .Andover,
Massachusetts. Henry C. Hardou removed from
lioston to Newton before his son was ready for
school and the boy's early education was received
in the public schools of that place, lie s]H'nt seven
years at Harvard, taking the degree of Bachelor

262

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

of Arts in 18S2 and that of Master of Arts three
years later. He stuilicd law at the Harvard J,a\v
School, graduating in 1885. While still at the Law
School he was admitted to the Suffolk County Bar in
Boston, J;^nuary 18S5. At College he became a
member of the Institute of 1770, the Hasty Pudding
Club and the O.K. Society, and was one of the
Board of Etlitors of the Han-ard Advocate. On
leaving Harvard he went to New York City, was
admitted to the Bar there, and entered the law
office of I'^varts, Choate & Beaman : with the
exception of tlie winter semester of 1887 and 1888,

HENRY \V. HARDON

spent in study of International Law, at the University
of Berlin, Germany, he was there until September
1895, mainly engaged in the preparation and trial
of cases, and the argument of motions and appeals.
In September 1895, on the recommendation of
Dean Ames of the Harvard Law School, to whom
President Schurman had applied for a graduate of
that school with some experience in the profession,
Mr. Hardon was made Professor of Law at Cornell.
In the following March, a Professorship of Law in the
Law School of Columbia falling vacant, Mr. Hardon
was tendered the appointment which he still holds.
His subjects are pleading and practice at common
law, in equity, and under the code, wills and
administration. He married June 24, 1886, Cora

Frances Ijurr, daughter of Isaac Tucker and Anne
Frances (Hardon) Burr of Newton and has two
children. Mr. Hardon has always been interested
in the various movements to secure better muni-
cipal government for New York City, and took an
active part in the citizens' uprising of 1894, which
resulted in the overthrow of Tammany Hall. He
is a member of the University Club, the Harvard
Club of New York, the New England Society, and
the Bar Association of New York, and a civilian
member of the Naval Institute.

JARVIS, Samuel Farmar, 1786-1851.

Born in Middletown, Conn., 1786; graduated at Yale,
1805 ; ordained to the Protestant Episcopal Ministry,
1811 ; in charge of several churches including St. Paul's,
Boston, of which he was the first Rector; Professor of
Biblical Learning at the General Theological Seminary,
N. Y., and of Oriental Languages at Trinity ; spent nine
years in Europe gathering material for a church history;
Secretary and Treasurer of the Christian Knowledge
Society ; Trustee of Columbia, the General Theological
Seminary and Trinity College, and Secretary of his
Diocese ; died, 1851.

SAMUEL FARMAR JARVIS, D.D., LL.D.,
Trustee of Columbia, was born in Middletown,
Connecticut, January 20, 1786. He was a son of
Abraham Jarvis, Prote^stant Episcopal Bishop of
Connecticut from 1797101813. Graduating from
Yale in 1805 and subsequently studying theology,
he took orders in 181 1 and was immediately assigned
to St. Michael's Church, Bloomingdale, New York.
Two years later he assumed the Rectorship of St.
James' Church, New York City in connection with
his other parish, serving them both until 18 19, when
he joined the Faculty of the newly organized Gen-
eral Theological Seminary, New York, as Professor
of Biblical Learning. His call to St. Paul's Church,
Boston, as its first Rector compelled him to resign
his Professorship in 1820, and he remained in
charge of his Boston parish for six years. In 1826
he relinquished his ministry and departing for Europe
was for the succeeding nine years engaged in secur-
ing material for a projected history of the church.
Returning in 1835 he was for the next two years
Professor of Oriental Languages at what is now
Trinity College, Hartford, and from 1837 to 1842
was Rector of Christ Church, Middletown. His
appointment by the General Convention as Church
Historiographer made necessary his permanent re-
tirement from the ministry in the latter year, and
he thenceforward gave his principal attention to

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

zG'

literature. Dr. Jarvis tlicil iu Miildletown, March
26, 1S51. He was made a Doctor of Divinity by
the University of Pennsylvania in 1819, and a Doc-
tor of Laws by Trinity in 1837. For some time he
was Secretary and 'I'reasurer of the Christian Knowl-
edge Society, and Secretary of his Diocese, and held
a Trusteeship of Trinity College, the General Theo-
logical Seminary and Columbia, the latter from 1818
to 1S20. From 1821 to 1826 he edited the Gospel
Advocate, wrote for the religious reviews, and besides
the Church of the Redeemed, but one volume of
which was published, he issued numerous discourses
and sermons and A Chronological Introduction to
the History of the Church.

Aruba, West Indies, for the jiurjiose of furnishing a
report ujjon the geology and guano deposits of those
islands. In 18S2, the degree of Doctor of Philoso-
phy was bestowed upon hiui by the University of
New York. He assisted in organizing the New
York Microscopical Society and the Society of
Naturalists of the Eastern United States; and has
been Vice-President of the New York Academy of
Sciences. His numerous and valuable contributions
to scientifical literature include : Papers on the
Geological Action of the Humus Acids; on Spo-
dumene and its Alterations ; Building Stones of

JULIEN, Alexis Anastay, 1840-

Born in New York City, 1840; graduated at Union,
1859; resident Chemist on the guano island of Som-
brero, 1860-64; made scientific observations for the
U. S. and Swedish Governments ; Assistant in Chem-
istry at Columbia, 1865-85 ; appointed Instructor in
Microscopy and Microbiology the latter year, and In-
structor in Geology, 1897; widely known as an expert
in geology, petrography and microscopy ; prolific writer
and member of various scientific bodies.

ALEXIS ANASTAY JULIEN, Ph.D., Instruc-
tor in Geology and Curator at Columbia,
was born in New York City, February 13, 1840.
Graduating at Union with the degree of Bachelor
of Arts in 1859, he continued his studies in chem-
istry there for another year, receiving his Master's
degree in course, and accepting the appointment as
Chemist at the guano deposits on the Island of
Sombrero in i860, he remained there until 1864.
While at Sombrero he investigated its geology and
natural history, sending a valuable collection of
specimens to the Smithsonian Institution ; made
meteorological observations for the United States
Government and a geological survey of the islets
in the vicinity of St. Bartholomew for the Swedish
government, in recognition of which the King of
Sweden presented him with a gold medal. Joining
the force of Instructors at the recently organized
Columbia School of Mines as .\ssistant in Analytical
Chemistry he had charge of the Quantitative Depart-
ment of the Laboratory until 1885, when he became
Instructor in Microscopy and Microbiology. Dr.
Julien has been employed upon the geological surveys
of Michigan and North Carolina, examining rocks
and ores for the former and making a special inves-
tigation of the petrography of the last named State.
He also spent some time at Bonaire, Curagoa and

ALEXIS A. JULIEN

New York City and Environs and the Durability
of same (prepared for the United States Census
Reports, 1S80) ; On Buihling Stones, Elements of
Strength in their Constitution and Structure ; The
Genesis of the Crystalline Iron-Ores ; Notes on the
Microscopical Examination of a Series of Ocean,
Lake, River and Desert Sands, and On the ^'ariation
in the Decomposition of Iron Pyrites, its Cause, and
its Relation to Density.

JAY, John Clarkson, 1808-1891,

Born in New York City, 1808 ; graduated at Columbia,
1827 and from the Medical Department, 1831 ; Phy-
sician, scientist and conchologist ; Treasurer of the
Lyceum of Natural History (now the New York

264

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

Academy of Sciences) ; one of the founders of the New
York Yacht Club; a Trustee of Columbia, 1859-80;
died, i8gi.

JOHN CLARKSON JAY, M.D., Trustee of
Columbia, was bora in New York City,
September 11, 1808. His father, Peter Augustus
Jay, distinguished as a lawyer, abolitionist and pro-
moter of public works, was a graduate of Columbia
1794, and his grandfather, the eminent American
statesman, John Jay, was graduated there in 1766.
John Clarkson pursued his classical and medical
studies in the same institution, graduating from the
Academic Department in 1S27 and from the College
of Physicians and Surgeons in 1831. His profes-
sional practice was interspersed with researches in
the natural sciences including zoology and conchol-
ogy. His interest in the parent organization of the
present New York Academy of Sciences, formerly
the Lyceum of Natural History which he joined in
I S3 2, was exceedingly advantageous to that institu-
tion, as a new building for its use was planned by
him, erected under his personal supervision, and
paid for with funds collected through his instrumen-
tality, and he also acted as its Treasurer from 1836
to 1S43. His interest in Columbia was an ancestral
legacy, enhanced by an unwavering personal devo-
tion to the welfare of the College, and his earnest
desire to improve its facilities and increase its use-
fulness were many times emphasized during his long
Trusteeship extending from 1859 to 1880. Dr. Jay
died in 1891. He was one of the founders and at
one time Treasurer of the New York Yacht Club.
The article descriptive of the shells collected by the
Commodore Perry expedition to Japan, printed in
the Government report, was written by him. His
own conchological cabinet, considered the most
complete and valuable on this side of the Atlantic,
together with his expensive library representing all
of the noted writers on the subject of conchologv,
were presented to the American Museum of Natural
History by his daughter Catherine Wolfe, and are
known as the Jay Collection.

JAY, Peter Augustus, 1776-1843.

Born in Elizabethtown, N. J., 1776; graduated at
Columbia, 1794; private Secretary to his father who
was Minister to England ; studied law and admitted to
the Bar ; Member of the State Assembly ; Recorder of
N. Y. City; member of the N. Y. Constitutional Con-
vention ; President of the N. Y. Historical Society;
Trustee of Columbia ; received the LL.D. degree from

Harvard, 1831, and from Columbia, 1835; died in N. Y.
City, 1843.

PETER AUGUSTUS JAY, LL.D., Trustee of
Columbia, and Chairman of the Board, was
born in Elizabethtown, New Jersey, January 24,
1776, eldest son of John Jay of "Jay's Treaty"
fame. He was graduated at Columbia in 1794, and
became Private Secretary to his father, who in that
year went abroad as Minister to England. On iiis
return from England he studied law, engaged in
practice, and soon acquired distinction at the New
York Bar. As a member of the State Assembly in
18 1 6, he was active in promoting the Erie Canal
legislation, and with his brother ^^'illiam warmly
supported the bill for the abolition of slavery in
New York. He was Recorder of New York City
1819-1821, and in the latter year was a member
of the New York Constitutional Convention. He
served as a Trustee of Columbia from 1S12 to 1S17,
also from 1823 to 1S43 and was Chairman of the
Board in 1832. Mr. Jay received the degree of
Doctor of Laws from Harvard in 1S31, and from
Columbia in 1835. He was President of the New
York Historical Society from 1840 until his death,
was at various times connected with several literary
and charitable societies, and was active in social
afKxirs of the city. He died in New York, February
20, 1843.

JONES, David S., 1777-1848.

Born in ^A^estneck, L. I., 1777; graduated at Co-
lumbia, 1796; Private Secretary to John Jay ; practised
law; Corporation Counsel New York City, 1813-1816;
Judge Queens county, 1840-1841 ; Secretary Board of
Regents University of New York, 1797-1798 ; Trustee
of Columbia, 1820-1848, of General Theological Semi-
nary, 1822-1848 and also of Allegheny College, Pa.,
died, 1848.

DAYID S. JONES, LL.D., Trustee of Columbia,
was born in Westneck, Long Island, Novem-
ber 3, 1777. His great-grandfather was Thomas
Jones, a native of Ireland and of Welsh descent, who
fought on the side of King James II, at the Battle
of the Boyne, escaped to France and afterward
came to America, locating on Long Island in 1692.
He acquired an estate of six thousand acres of land,
was prominent in local military affairs and in 1710
was commissioned Ranger- General of Nassau, Long
Island. Judge Jones' grandfather was A\'illiam Jones,
and his father was Samuel Jones, a recognized mas-
ter of jurisprudence. Recorder of the City of New
York, Comptroller of the State, and known as the

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

265

" Father of the New York Bar," who resided at
Westneck. David S. Jones was graduated at Co-
lumbia in I 796 with the liighest class honors. He
studied law anil after hokling the position of Private
Secretary to John Jay, for some time, he engaged

he was made Assistant Professor. In nSgi he re-
signed his position at (Cornell to become Adjunct
Professor of (ieology at C'olumbia. He was ap-
pointed Professor in 1.S94, and has filled the chair
ever since. Professor Kemp is a specialist of great

in professional work, being for about fifty years one ability in economic and inorganic geology. He is

of the leading practitioners in New York, and serv-
ing as Corporation Counsel, 1813-1816. He was
Judge of Queen's county in 1 840-1 841. Moving
from his estate at Massapequa, Long Island, to the
metropolis, he became actively interested in its
educational and religious institutions, serving as a
Trustee and legal adviser of the Society Library, the
General Theological Seminary, Columbia and of
Alleghany College, Meadville, Pennsylvania. He
was Secretary of the Board of Regents of the Llni-
versity of New York in 1797-1798, was appointed a
Trustee of Columbia in 1820, and of the Ceneral
Theological Seminary in 1822, serving both of these
Institutions for the rest of his life, and receiving
from the former the degree of Doctor of Laws.
Judge Jones died May 10, 1S48. He was three
times married and through his wives became allied
with the Livingston, Leroy and Clinton families.

KEMP, James Furman, 1859-

Born in New York City, 1859; fitted for College at
Adelphi Academy. Brooklyn ; graduated from Amherst,
1881 ; entered the School of Mines of Columbia, grad-
uating in 1884; Assistant to Professor Newberry at the
School, 1884-85; spent 1885-86 in study at the German
Universities of Leipzig and Munich ; Instructor in
Geology at Cornell, i865; Assistant Professor, 1888;
Adjunct-Professor of Geology at Columbia, i8gi ; Pro-
fessor since 1894; author of two text-books.

JAMES FURMAN KEMP, E.M., Profes-
sor of Geology at Columbia, was born in
New Y'ork City, August 14, 1S59. He comes of
Scotch descent, but his people have been settled
in New York for generations back. His father was
James Alexander Kemp, and his mollier Caroline
Anna Furman. He entered the Adelphi Academy
(now Adelphi College) of Brooklyn, New Y'ork, in
1866, and graduated in the Class of 1876. In the fol-
lowing year he became a student at .Amherst, taking
his degree in 1881. Then followed a course at the
School of Mines of Columbia. Graduating in 1884,
he was during 1884— 18S5 private assistant to Pro-
fessor Newberry at the School. In 1885 he went
abroad, and spent a year in post-graduate study in
Germany at the Universities of Leipzig and Munich.
On his return from Germany, Cornell made him its
Instructor in Geology, and two years later (1888)

the author of The Ore Deposits of the United States,
and A Handbook of Rocks — both standard works
— and has written many scientific articles dealing
with geology and subjects allied thereto for our
leading magazines. He married, September 5,
1889, Kate Taylor, and they have three children:
James Taylor, Philip Kittrcdgc and Katlierine Fur-

J. F. KK.MP

man Kemp. Professor Kemp is actively interested
in many scientific societies, and from 1S93 to 1898
was Secretary of the New Y'ork Academy of Sciences.
He has also been a Manager of the .American Insti-
tute of Mining Engineers, and is a fellow of tlie
Geological Society of America and of the .American
.Association for the Advancement of Science. He is
one of the Managers and Scientific Directors of the
new Botanical Garden in Bronx Park. New York City,
planned to be one of the finest in the world.

JONES, John, 1729-1791.

Born in Jamaica, N. Y., 1729; acquired his profes-
sional education in Europe ; Professor of Surgery at
King's College, 1767-1776, and one of the founders of

266

UNIl'ERSiriES .mD rHEIR SONS

the New York Hospital; settled in Philadelphia, 1776;
personal friend of Washington and Franklin and one
of the most skilful surgeons of his day; died, 1791.

JOHN JOXKS, M.l)., Medical Professor of
King's College, was born in Jamaica, New
York, in 1729, son of Evan Jones, a Welshman and
a physician, who emigrated to America in 17 28.
His professional studies were pursued in London,
Paris, Edinburgh and Leyden. Locating in New
York he acquireti the distinction of being one of
the most skilful surgeons of his day, and was
among the first in America to operate successfully
in lithotomy. From 1767 until the occupation of
the city by the British, he was Professor of Surgery
at King's College and removing to Philadelphia in
1776, he resided there for the rest of his life. Dr.
Jones was associated with Dr. Samuel Bard in
founding the New York Hospital in 1771. He
was highly esteemed by the inhabitants of the
Quaker City where he attained professional promi-
nence and held a number of important official
appointments. He attended President A\'ashington,
whose personal friendship it was his good fortune to
possess, and he is mentioned in Benjamin Franklin's
will as one of the latter's personal friends. He was
the attending physician at the death-bed of Dr.
Franklin and wrote an interesting account of the
last hours of that distinguished American. He was
also the author of; Plain Remarks upon Wounds
and Fractures, Designed for the Use of Young Mili-
tary Surgeons of America. Dr. Jones died June 23,
I 79 1. He was made a Doctor of Medicine by the
University of Rhcims, and the honorary degree of
like cliaracter was conferred upon him at King's
College in 1768.

JOY, Charles Arad, 1823-1891.

Born in Ludlowville, N. Y., 1823 ; graduated at Union,
1844, and Harvard Law School, 1847; studied abroad;
Professor of Chemistry at Union ; College Professor at
Columbia, 1857-77 ^"d at the School of Mines, 1865-77;
Lecturer, 1864-65 ; noted as an analytical and investi-
gating chemist; contributor to the scientific journals
and at one time Editor of the Scientific American and
the Journal of Applied Chemistry; died 1891.

CHARLES ARAD JOY, Ph.D., Lecturer and
Professor at Columbia, was born in Ludlow-
\ ille. Tompkins county. New York, October 8, 1823.
He was graduated from Union, Class of 1844, and
from the Harvard Law School three years later, but
science proved more attractive to him than the
legal profession, and after spending some time as an

Assistant on the United States Geological Survey,
he betook himself to Europe for further study in
Paris, Berlin and Gottingen, receiving from the
University of the last named city the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy in 1853. Subsequent to his
return he entered the field of education as Professor
of Chemistry at Union, held the same Chair at
Columbia from 1857 to 1877, lectured in Chem-
istry, 1 864-1 865, and was also Professor of that
science at the Columbia School of Mines from
1865 until forced by impaired health to resign from
the Faculty twelve years later. The capacity for
practical investigation and research developed while
a student, predominated throughout his entire pro-
fessional career, and the results of his labor in these
directions were given to the world through the
columns of the various scientific journals including
the Scientific American and the Journal of Applied
Chemistry each of which was at different times
under his editorial supervision. He also contributed
the chemical articles to the American Cyclopaedia.
He served as President of the Lyceum of Natural
History, now the New York Academy of Sciences,
of the American Photographic Society, Chairman of
the Polytechnic Association of the American Insti-
tute, and Foreign Secretary of the American Geo-
graphical Society. Professor Joy rendered valuable
service in behalf of science upon the Juries of the
International Expositions of London, Paris, Vienna
and Philadelphia. A severe sunstroke sustained in
the last named city in 1876 so enfeebled his health
as to cause his retirement, and for some years prior
to his death, which occurred in i8gi, he resided in
Germany.

KUNZE, Johann Christoff, 1744-1807.

Born in Saxony, 1744; studied classics at Rossleben
and Merseburg, and theology at Leipzig; settled in
Philadelphia as a Lutheran Pastor, 1770; Professor at
the University of Pennsylvania four years; moved to
New York City, 1784; member of the Columbia
Faculty, 1784-1787 and again 1792-97 ; Trustee of the
College several years ; died, 1807.

JOHANN CHRISTOFF KUNZE, S.T.D., Pro-
fessor of Oriental Languages and a Trustee of
Columbia, was born in Artern, Saxony, August 4,
1 744. After completing his classical studies at
Rossleben and Merseburg and his theological course
at T^eipzig, he taught advanced studies for a time
and was Inspector of the Orphans' Home at Gratz.
Selected by the Theological Faculty of Halle to
take charge of St. Michael's and Zion Lutheran

UNIJ'ERSiriES JXD THEIR SONS

267

Congregations in Pliiladelphia, IVMinsylvania, In-
arrived in tliat cily in 1770, and he shortly after-
ward estabUshed a 'liieological Seminary, which in
addition to his pastoral labors he conducted until
the Revolutionary \\'ar caused its discontinuance.
l''roni 17 So to 17.S4 he was Professor of (ierman
and the Ancient Languages at the University of
Pennsylvania, and respimding favorably to a call
from New York in tlic latter year, he thenceforward
divided his time between pastoral and educational
work, filling the Chair of Oriental Languages and
Literature at Columbia from 17S4 to 17X7 and again
from 1792 to 17(17. He also served two terms upon
the Board of Trustees, first from 1784 to 1792 and
from 1S04 until his death, which occurred July 24,
1S07. He was made a ALister of Arts by the
Universitv of Pennsylvania in 1780, antl received
Divinity degrees from that Institution and from
Columbia, the former in 1783. Dr. Kunze was one
of the most eminent Hebrew and Arabic scholars of
his day on this side of the Atlantic, and was so re-
garded by theologians of all denominations. He
favored the educating of German children in the
English language, was one of the first to substitute
the latter for German in tlie Lutheran churches, and
was the first presiding officer of the New York
Ministerium, the second Lutheran Synod organized
in the LTnited States. He was the author of : A
Concise History of the Lutheran Chiirch ; Some-
thing for the Understanding and the Heart (a volume
of poems) ; A Table of a New Construction for
Calculating the Great Eclipse, Expected to Happen
June 16, 1806, and issued the first Lutheran Hymn
Book in the LTnited States, translating the hymns
and retaining the original metres.

KEYES, Henry Elmo, 1869-1899.

Born San Francisco, Cal., i86g; studied at Yale and
the Universities of Heidelberg and Berne ; Assistant
in Physics at Columbia, 1895; Assistant Professor,
1897; resigned to engage in commercial chemistry;
died, 1899.

HI'.NRY ELMO KEYES, Pli.D., Assistant Pro-
fessor of Physics at Columbia, was a son of
the late Major-General Keyes of the LTnited States
Army, and his birth took place in San Francisco,
California, September 19, 1869. Entering Yale
with the Class of 1S90 he remained through the
Freshman and Sophomore years, and subsequently
going to Europe studied for two years at the Uni-
versity of Heidelberg, and for a time at the Uni-
versity of I'.erne, which gave him the degree of

Doctor of Philosopliy. He was appointed .Assistant
in Physics at Columbia in 1895, and in 1897 was
advanced to the .Assistant Professorship of tliat de-
partment, which he later resigned in order to ajjply
his scientific knowledge to commerce as chemist for
a large drug house in the metropolis. On May 20,
1897 Professor Keyes married Miss Mary Louise
AVard, of New York City, daughter of CaiJtain and
Mrs. (;. S. Luttrell Ward, and a niece of the late
Major-General Winficld S. Hancock, U. S. A. ( )n
the evening of February 6, 1899, Professor and Mrs.
Keyes went to Ardsley-on-the-Hudson to attend a

HENRY E. KliVES

dancing party at the residence of Colonel Eugene
Griffin. After the conclusion of the festivities they
registered at the Ardsley Casino, where through
some fatal mistake, the exact nature of which will
forever remain a mystery, both were asphyxiated.
The sudden termination of these two useful and
happy lives was deeply deplored throughout the
length and breadth of the land, and especially by
the Faculty and students of the larger L'niversities,
by whom Professor Keyes was highly esteemed.

LAWRENCE, Eugene, 1823-1894.

Born in New York City, 1823 ; educated at Princeton,
the New York University and Harvard Law School ;
relinquished practice to engage in literary pursuits;

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

Law Lecturer at Columbia, 1863-65; Tutor in Rhetoric
and History, 1865-68; a well-l<nown historical and
educational writer; died in N. Y., 1894.

EUGENE LAWRKNCK, A.M., Tutor and
Lecturer at Columbia, was born in New
York City, October 10, 1S23. He was graduated
at Princeton in 1841, continued his classical educa-
tion at the New York University, antl prepared for
the legal profession at the Harvard Law Scliool.
He early evinced a taste and capacity for lit-
erature, which he eventually adopted in pre-
ference to the law, and for the purpose of
increasing his knowledge and making special re-
search he devoted considerable time to studies in
the great libraries of Europe. Though many years
of his life were absorbL-d in preparing a new history
of Rome, he found time to contribute quite ex-
tensively to contemporary historical and educational
literature, read papers before the New York Histori-
cal Society, and was the author of: Lives of the
British Historians ; Historical Studies ; Literary
Primers, etc. Upon the question of public school
advancement Mr. Lawrence took a progressive
stand, and in numerous magazine articles upon the
subject demonstrated the necessity of enlarging the
curriculum of the present system of public instruc-
tion. From 1S63 to 1865 he delivered interesting
law lectures at Columbia, and for the ensuing three
years was an able Tutor in Rhetoric and History at
that University. He died in New York City,
August 17, 1894.

L'HOMMEDIEU, Ezra, 1734-1811.

Born in Stronghold, L. I., 1734; graduate of Yale,
1754; noted lawyer and politician of his day ; Regent
of the New York State University and of Columbia;
died in Stronghold, 1811.

EZRA L'HOMMEDIEU, Regent of Columbia,
was born in Stronghold, Long Island, .\ugust
30, 1734. He was a descendant of Benjamin
L'Hommedieu, a French Huguenot, who emigrated
from Rochelle, France, in 1687, and three years
later located at Stronghold, New York. His Bach-
elor's and Master's degrees were taken at Yale, the
former in 1754 and after completing his legal studies
he practised successfully in New York City. His
legal knowledge and intellectual attainments espe-
cially qualified him for the public service, in which
he was associated with the most eminent statesmen
of his day, and he was highly esteemed by his dis-
tinguished contemporaries for his sterling ability
and unblemished personal character. From 1775

to 1778 he was a delegate to the Provincial Congress,
aiding in framing the first Constitution of the State
of New York ; member of the Assembly from 1777 to
1783, and of the Continental Congress for the years
1779-81-83-87-88; was a State Senator from 1784
to 1792 and at one time a member of the Council
of Appointment. Mr. L'Hommedieu served upon
the Board of Regents of the State University from
I 787 until his death, which occurred at Stronghold,
September 28, 181 1, and in 1784 accepted a similar
appointment from Columbia, serving in that capacity
at a time when sound judgment and intellectual
force were an imperative necessity in order to
effectually rehabilitate the organization of the
College, and promote its prosperity under the new
political regime.

LIEBER, Francis, 1800-1872,

Born in Berlin, Germany, 1800 ; studied medicine in
Germany; enlisted in the Prussian Army; graduated
at Jena, 1820 ; private Tutor in Rome ; formed a plan
of education for Girard College of Phila., by request of
the Trustees ; Professor of History and Political Econ-
omy at the University of S. C; Professor of the same at
Columbia; Professor of Political Science at Columbia;
President of the Loyal Publication Society ; Supt. of the
bureau for the collection and preservation of the records
of the Confederate Government ; Arbitrator selected
to settle the disputes between the U. S. and Mexico;
died in N. Y. City, 1872.

FRANCIS LIEBER, Professor of Political
Science in Columbia, was born in Berlin,
Germany, March 18, 1800. He had already begun
the study of medicine, when in 1815 he volunteered
in the Prussian Army, in which he participated in
the battles of Ligny and \Vaterloo, receiving a
severe wound in the assault of Namur. Resuming
his studies at the close of the campaign he was
arrested as a Liberal, and though constantly under
surveillance he at length succeeded in obtaining his
degrees at Jena in 1820. He afterward took part
in the Greek Revolution, spent one year at Rome
as private Tutor to the son of Niebuhr, then Prus-
sian Ambassador, and returning to Germany only to
find a continuance of his former persecution, he fled
to England, where he lived for a year upon the
slender means acquired by teaching. While there
he contributed to German periodicals and wrote a
tract upon the Lancasterian system of instruction.
Ill 1827 he came to the United States and after
delivering lectures on history and politics in the
large cities, settled in Boston, where he was for
some time engaged in editing the Encyclopaedia
Americana, based on Brockham's Conversations

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

269

T.exiccin. At the request of the Trustees of (lirard
College he went to Philadelphia for the purpose of
formulating a plan of education for that institution.
From 183s to 1856 he filled the Chair of History
and Political Economy in the L'niversily of South
Carolina, which he left to accept the same Chair in
Columbia, and he occu])ied it for the succeeding
nine years. In i860 he was made Professor of
Political Science in the ("olumbia Law School and
continued his labors in that department for the rest
of his life, .^s early as 1851, in a public address
delivered in South Carolina, he cautioned the
people of the south against secession, and during
the progress of the Civil War he labored diligently
to sustain the Union's cause, advised the War De-
partment upon many important subjects ; and as
President of the Loyal Publication Society more
than one hundred pamphlets were issued under his
supervision, ten of which were written by himself.
In 1865 he was appointed Superintendent of a
bureau in Washington designed to collect and pre-
serve the records of the Confederate Government.
In 1870 he was selected by the Governments of the
United States and Mexico as final arbitrator to ad-
just some important disputes existing between the
two countries, and was engaged in that work at
the time of his death, which occurred in New
York City, October 2, 1S72. ]>. Lieber was an
able and prolific writer, and his numerous publica-
tions include works upon military, historical, bio-
graphical, political, scientific and philanthropic
subjects. During the Rebellion he wrote at the
request of General Halleck a work entitled Guer-
rilla Parties considered with reference to the Law
and Usages of War which was quoted in Europe
during the Franco-German War, and another mili-
tary work called Instructions for the Government of
the .Armies of the United States in the Field, issued
in 1863, was ordered by President Lincoln to be
promulgated in the general orders of the War De-
partment, and has been used in the formation of
several European codes. Oscar Montgomery Lieber,
son of Francis, became a geologist of note in the
south and died from wounds received while serving
in the Confederate Army. Hamilton, another son,
served with honor in the Union Army during the
Civil War, after which he held a commission in the
Regular Army until his retirement. Guido Norman
Lieber, youngest son of Francis, also distinguished
himself in the Federal service and reached the im-
portant post of .Acting Judge-Advocate-General of
the .Armv.

LOISEAUX, Louis Auguste, 1871-

Born at Briaucourt, Haute-Marne, France, 1871 ;
educated primarily in the local schools of Juzennc-
court ; entered Ecole Professionelle of Joinville as
Government scholar in 1884, graduating in 1887 with
Certificate d'etudes primaires sup^rieures and the
Brevet of Instituteur; certificate of qualification as
Instructor in French in Boston Public Schools, 1851 ;
Instructor in Private Schools of Newton, Mass., 188;-
gi ; Instructor in French at Cornell, 1891-92; Tutor in
French at Columbia, 1892-93; Tutor in Romance Lan-
guages at Columbia since 1893; B. fes S. (University of
Dijon) 1894; spent summer of 1894 in study in Spain
and summer of 1895 ^' Heidelberg University.

LOUIS AUGUSTE LOISEAUX, B. ^sS., In-
structor in Romance Languages at Columbia,
was born in Briaucourt, in the Department of the

I.. A. I.OISI-.AUX

Haute-Marne, France, of which place his father,
Marie Auguste Loiseau.\, and his mother, I'ran^oise
Pichenet, were both natives, the el'ler I.oiseaux
having been a teacher in the Grammar Schools at
Briaucourt and Juzennecourt, near by, who was
commended and given a medal by the Minister of
Public Instruction for his good work. Louis .Auguste
entered the primary and later the grammar school at
Juzennecourt, graduating in 1882, and then entered
the iScole Professionelle of Joinville as a government
scholar, graduating in 18S7. On his graduation he
received the Certificate d'etudes primaires supt^-
ricures and the llrevct of Instituteur. He also re-

270

UNIVERSITIES ANT) THEIR SONS

ceived a silver medal for devising a school herbarium.
He left France shortly after his graduation and set-
tled in Newton, Massachusetts, teaching in private
schools there until 1891, when he received a cer-
tificate of qualification as Instructor in French in
the Boston Public Schools. Shortly after this he
became Instructor in French at Cornell, a post
which he held for one year, leaving it to go to
Columbia as Tutor in French there. This also he
held for one year, when he was made Tutor in
Romance Languages at Columbia. He studied in
Spain in the summer of 1S94, one result of which
may be seen in his publication in 1S95 of an anno-
tated Spanish play, " La Independencia." In this
year he received the degree of B. es. S. from the
University of Dijon. The summer semester of 1895
was spent in study at the University of Heidelberg.
Professor Loiseaux married, January 30, 1894, Jean-
nette Worth Cobb. They have one child : Roland
Louis Loiseaux, born March 24, 1897. He is a
member of but two societies, the Modern Language
Association and the Soci^t^ Harvraise de Photo-
graphic, of which he is a corresponding member.

LISPENARD, Leonard, 1716-1790.

Born in New York City, 1716 ; prominent in mercan-
tile, political, educational and benevolent affairs ;
Regent of the New York State University; Governor,
Regent, and Treasurer of King's College and a Trustee
after its reorganization as Columbia; died, 1790.

LEONARD LISPENARD, Treasurer and Trus-
tee of Columbia was a grandson of Anthony
Lispenard, a Huguenot exile who arrived in New
York previous to 1741, and acquired prosperity
as a merchant. His wife, who was a daughter of
Anthony Rutgers, inherited one third of a large
tract of land granted to her father by King George
II. Leonard engaged in mercantile pursuits with
such financial success as to enable him to acquire
possession of the other two thirds of his great-
grandfather Rutgers grant, thereby founding the
once famous Lispenard estate. He served as As-
sistant Alderman from 1750 to 1755, Alderman
from 1756 to 1762, member of the Assembly 1765
to 1767, and of the Stamp Act Congress. He was
also a member of the Committee of One Hundred
elected in May 1775, and of the first Provincial
Congress held the same year. Being one of the
organizers of the society which established the New
York Hospital he served as one of its Governors
from 1770 to 1777. Mr. Lispenard was Governor,
Regent and Treasurer of King's College, which con-

ferred upon him the degree of Bachelor of Arts in
1762, and after its reorganization under the name of
Columbia, he jt)ined its Board of Trustees, serving
in that capacity from 1787 until his death which
occurred February 15, 1790. He was also a mem-
ber of the Board of Regents of the New York State
University from 17S4 to 17S7. Lispenard Street,
New York, was named for the flxmily.

MacDOWELL, Edward, 1861-

Born in New York City, 1861 ; was admitted to the
Paris Conservatory of Music in 1876; during 1879-80
studied at Wiesbaden under Ehlert and at Frankfort-
on the-Main under Raff and Heymann; first piano
teacher at Darmstadt Conservatory, 1881 ; spent some
years in composition and teaching abroad ; returned
to America in 1888, was made Professor of Music at
Columbia ; and Doctor of Music (Princeton) 1896.

EDWARD MacDOWELL, Mus.D., Professor of
Music at Columbia, was born in New York
City, December 18, 1861, and early showed signs

EDWARD MacDOWF.LL

of the musical talent which has won him recognition
on two continents. He was at one time a pupil of
Mme. Teresa Carreno. In 1876 he went to Paris,
and was admitted to the Conservatory in 1877,
Marmontel being his instructor on the piano while
there, and Savard his instructor in theory. In 1879
he studied for a time at Wiesbaden with Ehlert, and
then removed to Frankfort-on-the-Main, where he

UN/rERSnVES JND 'rilFJR SONS

271

had the advantage of studying composition with Raff
and piano with Heymann. In 1881, on RalT's recom-
mendation, he was made first piano teacher at the
Darmstadt Conservatory. In 1SS2 he played his
compositions before Lis/.t at Weimer, and so aroused
the master's interest that the latter had him ]3lay
one of the American's own compositions at the Con-
vention of the Allgemeiner Deutscher ISIusik Verein
in Zurich, where it met with great success. After
considerable success in concert work, Mr. MacDowell
settled down (in 18S4) to composition and instruc-
tion in Wiesbaden. He returned to America in the
latter part of 1888, and some years later was made
Professor of Music at Columbia. Princeton in 1896
conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Music —
an honor unique in the annals of that institution.
He has been for some years Director of the Men-
delssohn Glee Club of New York City and is at
present President of the Society of American Com-
posers. Orchestral compositions by iSIr. MacDowell
have been received very favorably on the Continent,
having been heard in St. Petersburg, Berlin, Vienna,
Paris, Dresden, Leipzig, etc., and all the principal mu-
sic centres of iMirope. In lireslau one of his works
was repeated three times in a single season, an occur-
rence almost without jjrecedent there. His work has
received the highest encomiums both from the press
of Europe and that of the United States, one com-
ment being : — " Mr. MacDowell is a young genius
who promises to eclipse all the composers now active
in Germany, Brahms not excluded." The late Anton
Seidl, writing in the Forum, once said that he con-
sidered MacDowell's work superior to that of Brahms.

McLANE, James Woods, 1839-

Born in New York City, 1839; prepared for College
at Phillips-Andover ; graduated from Yale, i86i ; grad-
uated from College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1854;
Lecturer in College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1867 ;
Professor of Materia Medica, 1868-72; Professor of Ob-
stetrics, 1872 to 1898 ; President of the College of Physi-
cians and Surgeons, 1889-gi ; upon the merger of the
institution with Columbia University, became and has
since been Dean ; has been Attending Physician to St.
Luke's Hospital, the Nursery and Child's Hospital,
the New York Hospital and the Sloane Maternity Hos-
pital ; Consulting Physician to Ward's Island Emigrant
Hospital, to New York Hospital, the Sloane Maternity
Hospital and the Nursery and Child's Hospital.

JAMES WOODS McLANE, M.D., Dean of the
Medical Department of Columbia, was born in
the City of New York, .■^^ugust 19, 1S39. His father,
James Woods McLane, Sr., was a member of an old
North Carolina family, and his mother, Ann Hunt-

ington Richards of Connecticut. His early educa-
tion w.is received through private tuition. He went
to the Phillips Academy at Andover, Massachusetts,
to prepare for College, and from there entered Yale,
graduating with the Class of 1861. Deciding to fol-
low the medical profession, he took up the study of
medicine at the College of Physicians and Surgeons
in New York City, now the Medical Department of
Columbia, graduating in 1864, and immediately en-
tered upon the active practice of his profession in
New York City. In 1867 he was made Lecturer of
Materia Medica in tlie College of Physicians and

J. W. McLANE

Surgeons, and his connection with the institution
has continued ever since. The year following his
appointment as Lecturer he was made Professor of
Materia Medica at the College, and from 1872 tmtil
April 1898, when stress of professional work com-
pelled him to resign, he was Professor of Obstetrics
there. In 1889 he was called to the Presidency of
the institution, and so continued until 1891, when
the College of Physicians and Surgeons was merged
with and became the Medical Department of Cohun-
bia. Since 1891 he has been Dean of the Medical
School. Dr. McLane has held a wide range of re-
sponsible professional positions. He was apjiointed
.Attending Physician to St. Luke's Hospital in 1872 ;
Attending Physician to the Nursery and Child's
Hospital, New York City, in 1S71 ; Attending Phy-

2/2

UNIJ'F.RSITIKS JND THEIR SONS

sician to the New ^^ll■k Hospital in 1S67 ; Consult-
ing Physician at the Immigrant Hospital on Ward's
Island, New York Harbor, in 188 > ; Consulting
Physician to the New York Hospital in 1S85 ;
Attending Physician to the Sloane Maternity Hos-
pital in 1888. He is President of the Vanderbilt
Clinic — the Sloane Hospital and a 'I'rustee of
the Roosevelt Hospital. He married in Boston,
Massachusetts, October 10, 1866, Adelaide Lewis
Richards. They have had three children : James
^Voods, Jr., Guy Richards and Thomas Sabine
McLane. Dr. McLane is a member of the Union
League Club, the Medical and Surgical Society, the
Physicians' iMutual Aid Society, and the New York
Academy of Medicine. In politics he is a firm
adherent of the Republican party.

addresses and sketches, the latter chiefly biographi-
cal, also First Lessons on Political Economy.

McVICKAR, John, 1787-1868.

Born in N. Y. City, 1787; graduated at Columbia,
1804; Rector of St. James Church, Hyde Park, N. Y.:
Professor of Moral Philosophy, Rhetoric and Belles-
lettres at Columbia afterward added Evidences of
Christianity; " Emeritus" Professor; Supt. of the So-
ciety for Promoting Religion and Learning in N. Y.;
founder of St. Stephen's College at Annandale ; Chap-
lain to the U. S. forces at Fort Columbus, Governor's
Island; received the A.M. degree from Columbia,
1818, also S.T.D. in 1825; died in N. Y. City, 1868.

JOHN McVICKAR, S.T.D., who filled one of the
important chairs at Columbia for nearly half a
century, was born in New York City, August 10,
1787, and was graduated at Columbia in 1804.
After graduation he spent some time in England
with his father, who was a wealthy New York mer-
chant. He then prepared himself for the ministry,
and in 1811 took orders in the Protestant Episcopal
Church, becoming Rector of St. James Church at
Hyde Park, New York. In 181 7 he was appointed
Professor of Moral Philosophy, Rhetoric and Belles-
lettres at Columbia to which was afterwards added
the Evidences of Christianity. The duties of this
office he discharged for nearly fifty years, retiring
t"rom active duty and becoming " Emeritus " Pro-
fessor in 1864. Dr. McVickar was for many years
Superintendent of the Society for Promoting Re-
ligion and Learning in New York, and was the
founder of St. Stephen's College at Annandale. He
also served from 1844 to 1862 as Chaplain to the
United States forces at Fort Columbus, Governor's
Island. He received from Columbia the degree of
Master of Arts in 1818, and that of Doctor of Div-
inity in 1825. He died in New York, October
29, 1868. Dr. McVickar published inany essays.

MOSES, Alfred Joseph, 1859-

Born in Brooklyn, N. Y., 1859; prepared for College
at Warren Academy, Woburn, Mass.; graduated from
the School of Mines of Columbia in 1882; Assistant in
Mineralogy there under Professor Egleston, same
year; Instructor in Mineralogy, 1885, received the de-
gree of Ph.D. in 1890, and was made Adjunct Profes-
sor; July 1895 to July 1896, studied under Professor
Groth at Munich, Germany ; Professor of Mineralogy
at Columbia, 1897 ; author of several scientific works.

ALFRED JOSI'IPH MOSES, Ph.D., Professor
of Mineralogy at Columbia, was born in
Brooklyn, New York, 1859. His parents, Thomas

ALFRED J. MOSES

P. and Margaret Gaskell Moses, were both natives
of Lancashire, England, where the father of Mrs.
Moses was a Wesleyan minister. Thomas P. had
also been ordained as a Wesleyan preacher, but on
his arrival in the United States in 1849 devoted
himself to business pursuits. The early education
of the subject of this sketch was received in the
public schools of Brooklyn. After his graduation
he spent four years in business, and then went to
Warren Academy at Woburn. Massachusetts, to pre-
pare for College. He entered the School of Mines
of Columbia in 1878, graduating in 1882. Just
previous to graduation he was appointed .-\ssistant

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

273

in Mineralogy at the University, under Professor
Egleston. This was followed in 1885 by appoint-
ment as Instructor. In 1S90 the degree of Doctor of
Philosophy was conferred upon him at Columbia, and
he was made Adjunct I'rofessor. Early in the summer
of 1S95 he went abroad, and from July 1895 to July
1896 pursueil liis studies in Germany, principally
under Professor Groth of Munich. In 1897 he was
made Professor of Mineralogy at Columbia. Pro-
fessor Moses has published numerous articles deal-
ing with niineralogical and kindred subjects, and is
also the author of two text-books. Elements of
Mineralogy, Crystallography and Blowpipe Analysis
(now in a second edition) and An Introduction to
the Study and Experimental Determination of the
Character of Crystals. He also filled for several
years the position of Managing Editor of the School
of Mines Quarterly. He married in 1887 Miss
Elizabeth B. Gilbert of New York City. Two of
their children survive : Alfred S., aged nine, and
Margaret M. Moses, four years old.

RENWICK, James, 1790-1863.

Born in Liverpool, Eng., 1790; graduated at Co-
lumbia, 1807; Instructor and Professor of Natural and
Experimental Philosophy and Chemistry at Columbia
and became "Emeritus" Professor; Major in the
Engineering Corps; Trustee of Columbia; received
the LL.D. degree from Columbia, 1829; died in N. Y.
City, 1863.

JAMES RENWICK, LL.D., Professor of Chem-
istry and Trustee of Columbia, was born in
Liverpool, England, May 30, 1790. He was grad-
uated at Columbia, first in his class, in 1807. Six
years afterward he was appointed Instructor in
Natural and Experimental Philosophy and Chem-
istry, in the College, and from 1820 he occupied
the Professorship of those branches until 1853,
when he became Professor " Emeritus." Erom
1814 he spent his summers in topographical engi-
neering in the employ of the United States, having
the appointment of Major. In 1838 the govern-
ment deputed him to take part in the commission
to explore and determine the northeastern bound-
ary line between the United States and New Bruns-
wick. From 181 7 to 1820 he was a Trustee of
Columbia, which conferred on him the degree of
Doctor of Laws in 1829. Professor Renwick wTote
for the New York Review, the AVhig Review and
the American Quarterly Review. He printed many
official reports and lives of David Rittenhouse,
Robert Fulton and Count Rumford ; Outlines of
Natural Philosophy ; Treatise on the Steam Engine ;

VOL. II. — 18

Elements of Mechanics ; Applications of the Sci-
ence of Mechanics to Practical Purposes; Life of
DeWitt Clinton ; Life of John Jay and Alexander
Hamilton ; First Principles of Chemistry ; and First
Principles of Natural Philosophy. Privately ]>rinted
for the use of his classes were ; First Principles in
Chemistry; and Outlines of Geology and Chemistry
.'\pplied to the Arts. He translated from the French,
Lallemand's Treatise on .Artillery, and edited Ameri-
can editions of Parker's Rudiments of Chemistry;
Lardner's Popular Lectures on the Steam ICngine ;
Daniell's Chemical Philosophy ; and Moseley's Illus-
trations of Practical Mechanics. Professor Renwick
died in New York City, January 12, 1863.

SCHMIDT, Henry Immanuel, 1806-1889.

Born in Nazareth, Penn., 1806; educated at the Mo-
ravian Academy ; licensed to preach as a Lutheran ;
Pastor at Bergen, N. J.; Assistant Professor in Hart-
wick Seminary, N. Y.; Professor of German in the
Theological Seminary at Palatine, N. J.; Principal of
the Hartwick Seminary, N. Y. ; Professor of German
Language and Literature at Columbia also " Emeritus "
Professor; received the D. D. degree from the Penn.
College, 1850; died in 1889.

ENRY IMMANUEL SCHMIDT, S.T.D.,
Professor in Columbia from 1847 to 1889,
was born in Nazareth, Pennsylvania, December 21,
1806, and received his education at the Moravian
Academy there, becoming a candidate for the
ministry of tliat connection. In 1829 he left the
Moravian body and obtained a license to preach
as a Lutheran. His first cliarge was in Bergen,
New Jersey, in 1831. In 1833 he became an
Assistant Professor in Hartwick Seminary, New
York, and in 1836 a Pastor in Boston. In 1838
he was a Professor of German and French at Penn-
sylvania College, Gettysburg, in 1839 was Professor
of German in the Theological Seminary at the same
place and in 1843 was Pastor at Palatine, New
Jersey. He became Principal of the Hartwick
Seminary, New York, in 1845. From 1848 he
was Professor of German Language and Literature
at Columbia until 1880, when he was made Pro-
fessor " Emeritus." The degree of Doctor of
Divinity was conferred upon him in 1S50 by
Pennsylvania College. Dr. Schmidt contributed
largely to the Evangelical Review, and published :
an History of Education ; an Inaugural Address
delivered in the chapel of Columbia ; The Scrip-
tural Character of the Lutheran Doctrine of the
Lord's Supper ; and a Course of .'\ncient Geog-
raphy. He died in 1889.

274

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

ADAMS, Brooks, 1848-

Member of the distinguished Adams family of Mas-
sachusetts; born in Quincy, Mass., 1848; graduated at
Harvard in 1870; admitted to the Suffolk County Bar
in 1873 ; author of note and Lecturer in the Harvard
Law School 1882-18S3.

BROOKS ADAMS, Lecturer at Harvard, was
born in Quincy, Massachusetts, June 24,
1SS4, and is the fourth son of Charles Francis
Adams, tlie American statesman. He was gradu-
ated from Harvard in the Class of 1870 with the
degree of Bachelor of Arts, after which he turned
his attention to the study of law and was admitted
to the Suffolk County liar at Boston in 1S73. As a
lawyer he lias attained distinction, and his ability to
impart his knowledge to others in a clear and con-
cise manner, made his lectures at the Harvard Law
School of unusual interest and value to the students
in attendance during the years 1882 and 1883. Li
the field of letters Mr. ■\dams has attained notoriety
both through his magazine articles published in the
Atlantic Monthly and other periodicals, and he is
also the author of: The Emancipation of Massa-
chusetts and The Law of Civilization and Decay,
which has been published in New York, London
and has been recently translated into French.

APPLETON, Francis Henry, 1847-

Born in Boston, Mass., 1847; graduated at Harvard,
1869; one of the first students at the Bussey Institute;
scientific agriculturist of Peabody, Mass. ; well-known
business man of Boston ; Curator of the Bussey Insti-
tute, 1873-75 ; Representative to the Legislature, 1891-
92; member of Governor Wolcott's staff; prominent
in financial, club and military circles ; holds numerous
Trusteeships; member of various agricultural societies
and College organizations.

FRANCIS HLNRY APPLETON, A.M., Curator
of the Bussey Institution of Harvard, was
born in Boston, June 17, 1847, son of Francis
Henry Appleton, LL.B., (Harvard 1S42) and
Georgiana Crowninshield (Silsbee) .Appleton. On
the paternal side, his first .American ancestor arrived
from England many years previous to the Revolu-
tionary War in which more than one of the
Appletons participated. His grandfather, William
Appleton, was a member of Congress, as was also
his maternal grandfather, Hon. Nathaniel Silsbee, a
retired ship-master of Salem, Massachusetts, who
from 1826 to 1835 was a colleague of Daniel Web-
ster in the United States Senate. Francis Henry
Appleton the younger was fitted for College by a

private tutor and at various preparatory institutions,
including St. Paul's Scliool, C'oncord, New Hamp-
shire, and was graduated at Harvard with the Class
of i86g. He subsequently entered the Massachu-
setts Institute of Technology as a special student,
remaining there only a short time, at the expiration
of which time he tin-ned his attention to agricultural
pursuits, believing that the open air occupation of a
flirmer would greatly improve his health, which was
not as vigorous as was naturally desired by a )oung
man of energy and activity. The o))ening of the
Agricultural Department of Harvard in 1871 aflbrded

F. H. APPLETON

him the opportunity of establishing upon a firm
basis the course of life which he has since followed
and entering the Plussey Institute as an initial stu-
dent he took a course of scientific instruction in the
improved methods of systematic agriculture, horti-
culture, arboriculture and horticultural chemistry.
While a student at Harvard he purchased an estate
in Peabody, Massachusetts, where much of his time
was spent in practical flrrming, thus enabling him to
immediately utilize the results of his training and
also to demonstrate by actual experiment the prac-
ticability of numerous theories advanced by scien-
tists. General Appleton's agricultural enterprise
proved so invigorating that he has ever since made
it his chief occupation, not merely confining his

UNIVERSiriES AND THEIR SONS

^7S

efforts to superintending his property, but performs
regularly his share of manual labor, as is fully
attested by his finely developed pliysique, antl by
adding adjoining land to his estate, his knowledge of
horticulture and forestry has enabled liim to improve
it into one of the most beautiful country seats in New
England. Although a farmer in every sense of the
word his mode of life is so perfectly systematized
that he attends personally to his investment interests,
which embrace a number of industrial enterprises
including cotton and silk manufactories in \Valtham,
Massachusetts ; and Manchester, New Hampshire ;
and the New England Bank, Boston, being a
Director in each of those corporations ; is financially
concerned in other enterprises, and holds a number
of Trusteeships. He is a member of the Essex and
New York State Agricultural Societies and the Mas-
sachusetts State Board of Agriculture ; President of
the New England Agricultural Society, the Massa-
chusetts Horticultural Society, the Boston Poultry
Association, the Perkins Institution and Massachu-
setts Asylum for the Blind, the Sons of the American
Revolution, and ex-President of the American
Forestry Association ; Secretary and Librarian of
the Massachusetts Society for promoting Agricul-
ture ; an ex-Trustee of the State Agricultural Col-
lege ; has been President and Trustee of the
Peabody Institute, and was formerly President of
the Alumni Association of St. Paul's School. In
1892 and 1893 General .Xppleton was a member of
the Legislature, was in the latter year a Delegate to
the Republican National Convention, and became
President of the Massachusetts Republican Club in
1894. In 1879 he was commissioned Captain of
Company A, First Corps Cadets, Massachusetts
Militia, and now holds the rank of Commissary-
General on Governor Wolcott's staff. The degree
of Master of Arts was conferred n\)on him by Har-
vard, and he holds membership at Harvard in the
Institute of 1770, Delta Kappa Epsilou, the I'orcel-
lian, A D, and Hasty Pudding Clubs. He is also
a member of the University and Somerset Clubs,
Boston ; The Oakley Club at Belmont, The Salem
Club, and the Salem Country Club. In 1873 he
attended the Vienna Exposition, the Massachusetts
Commission's agricultural report of which was pre-
pared by him, and he lias travelled quite extensively
in Europe. In 1S74 General Appleton married
Fanny Rollins Ta]ipau. They have had five
children, among whcim are two sons, namely :
Francis H. Appleton Jr. of Harvard 1903, and
Henry Saltonstall .'\ppleton. In the spring of 1899

Gen. Ajjpleton removed his resilience to Manchester,
Massachusetts, but retained his farm lands at
Peabody.

BRIGGS, George Nixon, 1796-1861.

Born in Adams, Mass., 1796; largely self-educated ;
studied law and became prominent as a criminal
lawyer; Registrar of Deeds for Berkshire Co., Mass..
1824-31 ; served six terms in Congress ; Governor of
Mass., 1844-51 ; Judge of the Court of Common Pleas,
1851-56; member of State Constitutional Convention,
1853; member of a commission to adjust claims be-
tween the United States and New Granada, 1861;
active in religious, temperance, benevolent and edu-
cational works; Overseer of Harvard, 1852-57; and a
Trustee of Williams. Died in Pittsfield, Mass., 1861.

Gl-'.ORGE NIXON BRIGGS, LL.D., Overseer
of Harvard, was born in Adams, Berkshire
county, Massachusetts, April 13, 1796. He was
descended from sturdy colonial ancestry, and his
father served under Stark and Ethan Allen at the
Battle of Bennington. When thirteen years old he
began to learn the hatter's trade, but two years later
an elder brother defrayed for him the expenses of a
year's schooling, and studying law he was admitted
to the Berkshire County Bar in iSiS. His able
defence of a Stockbridge Indian tried for murder
at Lenox in 1827 gained for him a wide reputation
as a criminal lawyer. From 1S24 to 1831 he held
the office of Registrar of Deeds for his county;
was Representative to Congress on the Wliig ticket
continuously from 1830 to 1843, during which time
he distinguished himself as a debater and held
several important committee appointments, includ-
ing the Chairmanship of the Post-Office Committee.
During his unusually long term as Governor, which
embraced the period from 1843 to 185 1, he ad-
ministered the affairs of the Commonwealth with
consummate wisdom and prudence. Especially
conspicuous was his firm adlierence to the impar-
tial enforcement of justice pre-eminently displayed
in the face of an almost overwhelming influence
brought to bear on the chief executive for the par-
don or commutation of the death sentence of Pro-
fessor Webster for the murder of Dr. Parkman, and
that celebrated case was allowed to proceed without
his interference. In 1851, Governor Briggs was
elevated to the bench of Common Pleas and held
his seat until the re-organization of the state courts
in 1856. His participation in the work of the
commission formulated in 1861 for the purpose of
settling the claims then existing between the LTnited
States and New Granada to which he was appointed,

276

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

was jireventeJ by his untimely death, which occurred
ill Pittsfield, Massachusetts, on September 12 of that
year, and was caused by the premature discharge of
a fowhng piece. Governor Briggs was strongly in
favor of opposing secession and his final public
address was delivered to a regiment of volunteers
commanded by his son. From early manhood he
had co-operated with various religious and charita-
ble societies. He was President of the .\merican
Baptist Missionary Union, the American Tract Soci-
ety of Boston, the American Temperance Union,
and the Massachusetts Sunday School Union. From
r 85 2 to 1 85 7 he was an Overseer of Harvard, whicli
conferred upon him the honorary degree of Doctor
of Laws in 1844. For sixteen years he was a Trustee
of Williams, from which he received the degree of
Master of Arts in 1828, and that of Doctor of Laws
(honorary) in 1844, and he was honored by Am-
herst with the last named degree in 1S45.

BIGELOW, Jacob, 1787-1879.

Born in Sudbury, Mass., 1787 ; graduated at Harvard,
1806 ; studied Medicine and practised his profession in
Boston for upward of sixty years ; his first Hterary
product consisting of a poem on Professional Life
written for the Phi Beta Kappa Society of Harvard in
1811, was afterwards published in Boston; acquired
while still a young man a world-wide reputation as a
botanist and several plants were named in his honor
by Sir J. E. Smith, Schrader and De CandoUe ; assisted
in forming the American Pharmacopoeia, 1820; founded
Mount Auburn Cemetery ; Professor of Materia
Medica at Harvard, 1815-1855 and Rumford Professor
in the same Institution from 1816 to 1827 ; Physician at
the Massachusetts General Hospital for twenty years;
member of many scientific societies ; author of medical
and other works ; and Overseer of Harvard 1846-1854;
died in Boston, Mass., 1879.

J.ACOB BIGELOW, ^LD., LL.D., Professor and
Overseer at Harvard, was born in Sudbury,
Massachusetts, February 27, 1787. He was gradu-
ated from Harvard Class of 1806 with the degree
of ^Lister of .Arts, and receiving his Medical degree
at the University of Pennsylvania in 1810 he imme-
diately entered into practice in Boston. Besides
the unusual professional skill displayed while still a
young man, a poem delivered before the Phi Beta
Kappa Society of Harvard in 181 r and subsequently
published in Boston brought him considerable liter-
ary fame, and his reputation as a botanical student
even at this early period in his life, placed him in
correspondence with such celebrated European

botanists as Sir J. E. Smith of Englaml, Schrader of
Germany, and De Candolle of France, who recog-
nized his ability by naming different plants in his
honor. In 1S15 Dr. Bigelow was called to the
Chair of Materia Medica at Harvard, which he
occupied continuously until 1855, and from 1816
to 1827 he delivered lectures on the application of
science to the useful arts as provided for by the
Rumford Professorship. For twenty years the
Massachusetts General Hospital profited by his ser-
vices as a physician. In 1820 he was selected as
one of the five commissioners to formulate the

JACOB BIGELOW

American Pharmacopoeia, and he also originated
the manner of simplifying the nomenclature of Ma-
teria Medica which was later made use of by the
British College. He was the founder of Mount
.•\uburn Cemetery, designed the stone tower, chapel,
front wall and gate, and introduced the garden plan
which has served as a model for numerous other
burial places in this country. From 1846 to 1854
he ser\'ed as an Overseer of Harvard which con-
ferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Laws in
1857, and his efforts in behalf of science and educa-
tion caused his election to membership of numerous
scientific bodies, notably the Massachusetts Medical
Society, of which he was for many years President ;
the Massachusetts Historical Society; the American

UNIFERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

277

Academy of whicli he held the Vice-Presidency and
Presidency; the American Philosophical Society;
and the Linnean Society of London. A Discourse
on Self-Limited Disease, delivered before the ^L^ssa-
chusetts Medical Society in 1835, marked the be-
ginning of a new epoch in the practice of medicine.
Besides his numerous medical papers his published
works include : the Rumford Professorship Lectures
which passed through two editions ; Florula Boston-
iensis ; three other editions of the same in America,
the last containing notes of Sir ]. E. Smith's work
on Botany published in 1S14; American Medical
Botany (three volumes) ; Nature in Disease, a
volume of essays; A Brief Exposition of Rational
Medicine, to which was added The Paradise of
Doctors, a Fable ; History of Mount Auburn ; Mod-
ern Inquiries and Remarks on Classical Studies ;
and he was accredited with a volume of poems
entitled Eolopoesis ; written in imitation of various
American poets ; Dr. Bigelow's last years were spent
in retirement and his death occurred in Boston,
January 10, 1S79.

CHAPMAN, Reuben Atwater, 1801-1873.

Born in Russell, Mass., 1801 ; studied law which he
practised in his native state until his elevation to the
bench; appointed Chief-Justice in 1868; Overseer of
Harvard, 1854-59; died in Switzerland, 1873.

REUBEN ATWATER CHAPMAN, LL.D.,
Overseer of Harvard, was born in Russell,
Hampden county, ISLassachusetts, September 20,
1 80 1. He was the son of a farmer and his educa-
tional advantages were limited. While employed as
a store clerk in Blanford he was offered an oppor-
tunity to study law in the office of a local attorney
who had been favorably impressed with his unos-
tentatious display of intelligence, and accepting the
proposition he was in due time admitted to the Bar.
He practised successfully alone until becoming a
member of the firm of Chapman & .-^shmun, which
acquired a high reputation throughout the state,
and was appointed an .Associate Justice of the Su-
preme Court in i860, and elevated to the Chief-
Justiceship in 1868. He died in Fluellen, Switzer-
land, June 28, 1873. Judge Chapman received the
honorary degree of Master of Arts from Williams in
1836 and from .Amherst in 1841 ; was made Doc-
tor of Laws both by the latter and Harvard in 1861
and 1864 respectively; and was an Overseer of
Harvard from 1854 to 1859.

CLEAVELAND, Parker, 1780-1858.

Born in Rowley, Mass., 1780; graduated at Harvard,
1799; taught school and subsequently studied law;
Tutor at Harvard, 1803-1805 ; first Professor of Mathe-
mavics and Natural Philosophy at Bowdoin, afterward
Professor of Chemistry, Mineralogy and Natural Phil-
osophy at the same Institution ; first Lecturer on
Chemistry in the Maine Medical School, and Dean of
the Faculty ; declined the Chair of Mineralogy at
Harvard and continued an active Instructor at Bowdoin
for the rest of his life ; died, 1858.

PARKER CLE.WELAND, ALD., LL.D., Tutor
at Harvard and prominently identified with
the Faculty of Bowdoin for over fifty years, was born
in Rowley, Massachusetts, January 15, 1780. He
was the son of a physician who served as such in the
Revolutionary War, and a grandson of the Rev. John
Cleaveland, who at the age of twenty-two suffered
expulsion from Vale as a penalty for attending a
meeting of the Separatists, but twenty years after-
ward the College Government accorded him redress
by giving him his degree. The Rev. John Cleave-
land was Pastor of a church in that part of Ipswich,
Massachusetts, which is now Essex, and also served
as Chaplain during the French War and in the
American Revolution. Parker Cleaveland was grad-
uated from Harvard in 1799, and previous to be-
coming a Tutor there in Mathematics (1803), he
taught schools in Haverhill, Massachusetts, and in
York, Maine, and also studied law. Joining the
Faculty of Bowdoin at its organization as Professor
of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy, he devoted
his spare time to the study of modern Chemistry
and Mineralogy, then new sciences, and subse-
quently made a geological and mineralogical survey
of Maine, New Hampshire and other parts of New
England, locating the principal mineral deposits in
these localities from which he collected numerous
specimens for Bowdoin. His elementary treatise on
mineralogy and geology published in 18 1 6, together
with the popular interest in his lectures and unique
collection, served to place him foremost among the
mineralogists of this country and induced the cor-
poration of Harvard to offer him a Professorship,
which he declined. Ll^pon the establishment of the
Maine Medical School Professor Cleaveland became
Lecturer on Chemistry, Dean of the Faculty, and
Librarian. His dejiartment in the regular College
course was changed to that of Chemistry, Mineralogy
and Natural Philosophy in 1828, and he continued in
the active performance of his duties until the very
day of his death, which occurred October 15, 1858.
The degree of Doctor of Medicine was conferred

278

UNIFERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

upon liim by Dartmouth in 1S23, and that of Doc-
tor of Laws by Bowdoin in 1824. He was a fellow
of the American Academy and a member of the
American Philosophical Society : a member of the
Geological Society of London, and of the Imperial
Mineralogical Society of St. Petersburg. He refused
to accept the Presidency of Bowdoin, which was
offered him in 1S39.

CLARKE, Edward Hammond, 1820-1877.

Born in Norton, Mass., 1820 ; graduated at Harvard,
1841 ; and from the Medical Department of the Univer-
sity of Pennsylvania, 1846 ; perfected his professional
studies abroad; attained high rank as a physician;
Professor of Materia Medica at the Harvard Medical
School for seventeen years and Overseer of the Univer-
sity five years. Died at Boston, Mass., 1877.

EDWARD HAALMUND CLARKE, .M.D., Pro-
fessor of Materia Medica at the Harvard
Medical School, was born in Norton, Bristol county.

K,IA\ARD HAMMOND CLARKE

Massachusetts, February 2, 1820, son of Rev. Pitt
and Mary Jones (Stimson) Clarke. He was educated
at Harvard, graduating with the Class of 1841, and
after taking his Medical degree at the University of
Pennsylvania in 1846, he went to Europe for further
study and i)rofessional observation. Upon his re-
turn he located for practice in Boston, where he

attained eminence as a physician, and being c;illed
to the Chair of Materia Medica at the Harvard
Medical School in 1855, he occupied it continuously
until 1872, when he resigned. Dr. Clarke was an
Overseer of Harvard from 1872 until his death,
which occurred in Boston, November 30, 1877.
He was a fellow of the American .\cademy, and
manifested much interest in public affairs especially
those of sanitary, scientific, and educational im-
portance. By request he delivered an address on
Education of Girls at a meeting of the National
lulucational .\ssociation, held in Detroit, Michigan,
.'August 2, 1874. His more important publications
w-ere : Observations on the Treatment of Polypus of
the P'ar ; Physiological and Therapeutical Action of
Bromide of Potassium, and Bromide of .\mmonium ;
written in collaboration with Dr. Robert .^mory ;
Se.\ in Education ; The Building of a Brain ; and
Visions ; a Study of False Sight ; which was written
while the author was suffering from a painful and
fatal disease. The last work was published after his
death under the supervision of Dr. Oliver Wendell
Holmes, who added to it a memorial sketch of
Dr. Clarke.

COGSWELL, Joseph Green, 1786-1871.

Born in Ipswich, Mass., 1786 ; graduated at Harvard,
1806; Tutor there, 1813-1815; continued his studies in
Europe ; Professor of Mineralogy and Geology at Har-
vard, 1820-1823 ; established in company with George
Bancroft the Round Hill School at Northampton,
Mass., and later had charge of a school in Raleigh, N.
C; Editor of the New York Review; assisted John
Jacob Astor in founding the Astor Library of which he
became Superintendent ; and contributed frequently to
the leading magazines of his day. Died in Cambridge,
Mass., 1871.

J( )SEPH GREEN COGSWELL, Ph.D., LL.D.,
Professor and Librarian at Harvard, was born
in Ipswich, Massachusetts, September 27, 1786. He
was educated at Har\-ard, graduating with the Class
of 1806, after which he went to India as super-
cargo of a merchant vessel, and upon his return he
engaged in the practice of law at Belfast, Maine.
For the two years subsequent to 1813, he was a
Tutor at Harvard and in 1S16, he went to Europe
in company with his friend (ieorge Ticknor, remain-
ing abroad four years, two of which were spent at
the University of Gottingen, the remainder of the
time being devoted to the enrichment of his mind,
thereby securing the means of developing that supe-
rior literary culture wliich was to give his name an
honorable place in the annals of .American literature.

UNirF.RSITIliS JND THEIR SONS

279

Accepting the aiipointnient of the rrofcssoisliip of
Geology and Mineralogy at Harvard in 1820, and
that of Librarian in the following year, he occupied
both of these positions until 1S23, when he resigned
in order to become associated with George Bancroft
in establishing the Round Hill School at Northamp-
ton, Massachusetts, and after his colleague's retire-
ment he continued at its head for six years, at the
expiration of that time taking charge of another
school of the same character in Raleigh, North
Carolina. Some time afterward Dr. Cogswell be-
came Editor of the New York Review, and that
critical journal he ably conducted until 1S42, when
its publication was suspended. An intimacy formed
at this time with John lacob Astor resulted in Dr.
Cogswell's appointment in conjunction with Wash-
ington Irving and Fitz-Clreene Halleck as a Trustee
of the fund for the establishment of the Astor Library,
and he later accepted the Superintendency of that
Institution in the planning, organization and equip-
ment of which he had such a conspicuous part.
Pursuant to a plan to be followed after Mr. Astor's
death, Dr. Cogswell crossed the Atlantic for the
purpose of purchasing books, and that he expended
the funds at his disposal most judiciously is fully
manifested by the fact that most of the works
selected by him have since increased in value ten-
fold, while not a few cannot be bought to-day at
any price. During his Superintendency he pub-
lished in eight volumes a full catalogue upon an
alphabetical and analytical basis, and his superior
knowledge as to the comparative value and signifi-
cance of the collection was displayed in that work
to excellent advantage. The infirmities of old age
at length compelled him to leave with others the
work he had so ably and faithfully accomplished,
and he retired to a residence in Cambridge, Massa-
chusetts, where in the society of a large circle of
loving friends he passed the rest of his life. It was
his good fortune to meet many prominent men of
his day including HumboMt, Goethe, Ueranger,
Byron and Jeffrey, and with George Ticknor he
visited Sir Walter Scott at Abbotsford. His degree
of Doctor of Philosophy he received at Gottingen in
1S19, and that of Doctor of Laws from Trinity Col-
lege, Hartford, in 1842, and from Harvard in 1863.
He was a fellow of the American Academy, belonged
to some of the foremost literary societies of his
time and contributed to Blackwood's Magazine, The
North American Review, The Monthly Anthology
and other periodicals. Dr. Cogswell's death occurred
November 26, 1871. While living he gave his col-

lection of biograpliical works to the .Astor Library,
and with the aid of others furnished Harvard with a
cabinet of rare minerals and botanical specimens.
In his will he left the simi of ^^4,000 to a school in
I])swich, where his remains were interred beside
those of his mother, anil his grave i:i marked by a
monument jilaced there by his former pujjils at the
Roimd Hill Scliool.

CUTLER, Elbridge Jefferson, 1831-1870.

Born in Holliston, Mass., 1831 ; graduated at Har-
vard, 1853; Assistant Professor Modern Languages at
Harvard, 1865-1870, and Professor of the same, 1870;
fellow American Academy; died in Cambridge, Mass.,
1870.

ELBRIDGE JEFFERSON CUTLER, Pro-
fessor of Modern Languages at Harvard,
was born in Holliston, Massachusetts, December 28,
1 83 1, and was graduated at Harvard in 1853. He
was appointed Assistant Professor of Modern Lan-
guages at Harvard in 1865, and was made full Pro-
fessor in 1870, in which Chair he was officiating at
the time of his death. Professor Cutler was a
brilliant writer and critic, and published a number
of works, among which his war poems are perhaps
the best known. He was a fellow of the .American
Academy. His death took place in Cambridge,
Massachusetts, December 27, 1870.

DANA, James Freeman, 1793-1827.

Born in Amherst, N. H., 1793 ; graduated at Harvard,
1813 , and Harvard Medical School, 1817 ; Assistant in
Chemistry at Harvard, 1819-1821 ; Professor of Chemis-
try and Mineralogy at Dartmouth, 1821-1825; Professor
of Chemistry at the College of Physicians and Sur-
geons, 1825-1827; died in New York, 1827.

JAMES FREEMAN DANA, M.D., Assistant
in Chemistry at Harvard, was born in .Am-
herst, New Hampshire, September 23, 1793, and
was graduated at Harvard in 1S13. Entering upon
the study of chemistry and medicine with IV. John
(Jorham, his ability soon became so marked that he
was sent abroad by the Harvard authorities to ])ur-
chase a new outfit of apparatus for the Chemical
Laboratory. On this mission he visited London,
where for half a year he worked in the laboratory of
Friedrich Christian Accum. After graduating at the
Medical School of Harvard in 181 7, he engaged in
the practice of medicine in Cambridge and in 1819
was appointed .Assistant in Chemistry at Harvard.

28o

UNIFERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

which position he filled until 1821. In the latter
year he became the first Professor of Chemistry and
Mineralogy at Dartmouth, and continued in that
capacity until 1825, when he accepted the appoint-
ment of Professor of Chemistry in the College of
Physicians and Surgeons. This chair he held until
his death, which took place in New York two years
later, April 14, 1827. While a student at Harvard
he twice won the Boylston prize, first for an essay on
the Tests for Arsenic, and the second time for a
paper on the Composition of Oxymuriatic Acid.
Dr. Dana contributed numerous papers on physical
science to Silliman's Journal and other scientific
periodicals, and in conjunction with his brother,
Samuel Luther Dana, published Outlines of Min-
eralogy and Geology of Boston and Vicinity ; and
Epitome of Chemical Philosophy.

CHOATE, Charles Francis, 1828-

Born in Salem, Mass., 1828 ; graduated from Harvard
1849 and from the Law School 1852; Tutor at Harvard
1851-1854; admitted to the Bar in the latter year ; ac-
quired prominence as Corporation Counsel for the
Boston & Maine and Old Colony Railroads ; elected
President of the latter 1877 ; served in the Cambridge
City Government and in the Massachusetts House of
Representatives.

CHARLES FRANCIS CHOATE, LL.B.,
Tutor at Harvard, was born in Salem,
Massachusetts, May 16, 1828, son of Ceorge (Har-
vard, 1 81 8), and Margaret Manning (Hodges)
Choate. His original American ancestor was John
Choate, who settled in Chebacco, now Essex, Massa-
chusetts, in 1645. The distinguished Rufus Choate
was of the same family, and Joseph H. Choate, now
Ambassador to England, is a younger brother of
Chades Francis. The latter prepared for College at
the Salem Latin School, and after completing the regu-
lar course at Harvard in 1849, entered the Harvard
Law School from which he was graduated in 1852.
During the years 185 1 and 1852 and 1853 he was
Tutor at Harvard. In 1854 he was admitted to the
Suffolk Bar, and for the succeeding twenty-three
years was busily engaged in lucrative practice, largely
in connection with railroad corporations. He was
Counsel for the Boston & Maine and Old Colony
Railroad Companies, became Director of the latter
in 1 8 72 and its President in 1877 which office he
continues to hold. He was active in uniting the
railroad interests of Southeastern Massachusetts,
which preceded their consolidation with the New

York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad Company,
of which he is now a Director. From 1877 to 1S94
he was President of the Old Colony Steamboat Com-
pany, and during his administration were built the
fleet of palatial boats which now compose the Fall
River Line between Boston and New York. Mr.
Choate is now Vice-President of the New England
Trust Company, and Actuary of the Massachusetts
Hospital Life Insurance Company. In 1863 he was
a Representative to the General Court and served
in the Cambridge City Council for the years 1864-
1865. The degree of Master of Arts was conferred

CHARLES F. CHOATE

upon him by Harvard in course (1852), and by
Dartmouth in 1872, and his degree of Bachelor of
Laws was received from Harvard in 1853. He was
married November 7, 1855, to EHzabeth \V. Carlile,
of Providence, Rhode Island. They have had
six children : of whom Sarah C. is the wife of
J. Montgomery Sears of Boston ; Margaret M. mar-
ried N. I. Bowditch of Framingham; and Charles
F. Choate, Jr., (Harvard, 1888) is a member of
the Suffolk County Bar.

DAVIS, John, 1761-1847.

Born in Plymouth, Mass., 1761 ; graduated at Har-
vard, 1781 ; studied law and engaged in practice at
Plymouth, Mass., 1786; delegate to Convention of 1789,

UNU'ERSITIES JND 'I'llEIli SONS

281

member of Massachusetts Legislature and State
Senator; Comptroller U. S. Treasury, 1795-1796; U. S.
Dist.-Atty., for Massachusetts, 1796-1801; United
States District Judge, 1801-1847; President Massa-
chusetts Historical Society, i8i8-r843 ; fellow American
Academy; member American Philosophical Society;
received LL.D. degree from Dartmouth in 1802 and
Harvard 1842 ; Fellow of Harvard, 1803-1810, Treasurer,
1810-1827 and Overseer 1827-1837; died in Boston, 1847.

JOHN DAVIS, LL.D., Fellow, Treasurer and
Overseer of Harvard was born in Plymouth,
Massachusetts, January 25, 1761. After graduating
at Harvard in 1781, he studied law and in 1786
established himself in practice at Plymouth. In
1 789 he was sent as a delegate to the Convention
which adopted the Federal Constitution and had
the distinction of being the youngest member of
that body of which also he was the latest survivor.
Thereafter he served for several years in the Lower
House of the Massachusetts Legislature, and in
1795 as a member of the Senate. In June of that
}'ear he was appointed Comptroller of the United
States Treasury, continuing in that office until he
assumed the District-Attorneyship of Massachusetts
in the following year. In 1801 he was appointed
United States District Judge for Massachusetts, and
the duties of that office he administered during the
remainder of his life. Judge Davis was distinguished
not only for his legal abilities but by his scholar-
ship and his knowledge of New England history
and antiquities. He was President of the Massa-
chusetts Historical Society from 181 8 to 1843, was
a fellow of the Aiiierican Academy and member
of the American Philosophical Society. Dartmouth
bestowed upon him the degree of Doctor of Laws
in 1802, and he was similarly honored by Harvard
in 1842. For many years he was identified with
the administration of Harvard, as Fellow 1803-
1810, Treasurer 1810-1827 and Overseer 1827—
1S37. He died in Boston, January 14, 1847.

HALSTED, Byron David, 1852-

Born in Venice, N. Y., 1852 ; educated at the Mich-
igan Agricultural College, where he was an Instructor
in 1S73 and 1874; and at Harvard where he served in
the same capacity in 1875-1876; taught in the Chicago
High School 1878-1879 ; was Editor of the American
Agriculturalist till 1884; Professor of Botany at the
Iowa Agricultural College; and Professor of Botany
and Horticulture at Rutgers.

BYRON DAVID HALSTED, D.S., Assistant
in Botany at Harvard, was bom in Venice,
New York, June 7, 1852. He was educated at the

Michigan .Agricultural College, and at Harvard,
graduating from the former in 1S71, and tauglit
History and Algebra there in 1873 and 1874. In
1S75 and 1S76 he was Assistant in Botany at
Harvard, going from there to Chicago, where he
was a teacher in the High School for one year.
In 1879 he assumed the Editorship of the American
.Agriculturalist, and continued in that capacity until
1884, when he resumed educational jnirsuits as Pro-
fessor of Botany at the Iowa Agricultural College.
He has also held the Chair of Botany and Horti-
culture at Rutgers. Professor Halsted has been

BYRON D. HALSTED

honored with a fellowship in the .American Associa-
tion for the -Advancement of Science, is a member
of several other organizations, and was made a
Doctor of Science by Harvard in 1S7S. His arti-
cles published in the various botanical and agricul-
tural journals have been widely read, and he is the
author of the Vegetable Carden, Farm Conveniences,
and Household Conveniences.

HAYWARD, James, 1786-1866.

Born in Concord, Mass., 1766; graduated at Harvard
i8ig; Tutor there six years and Professor of Mathe-
matics and Natural Philosophy 1826-1827; engaged in
civil engineering and was closely identified with the
construction of the Boston & Providence and Boston &

282

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

Maine Railroads; was President of the latter corpo-
ration; was employed in other engineering operations,
and published a work on Elementary Geometry; died
in Boston, 1866.

JAMES HAYWARD, A.M., Professor of Mathe-
matics and Natural Philosophy at Harvard,
was born in Concord, Massachusetts June 1 2,
1 7S6. For six years subsequent to his gradu-
ation from Harvard he acted as Tutor of Mathe-
matics at the College, and in 1826-1S27 he
occupied the Chair of Mathematics and Natural
Philosophy. Relinquishing educational pursuits in
order to engage in civil engineering, he was
secured by the projectors of the Boston & Provi-
dence Railroad to make the first survey, and
later took charge of the engineering and con-
struction of the Boston & Maine Railroad, of
which he eventually became President. He was
professionally connected with other notable engin-
eering operations and frequently acted as an
expert in important contests. Professor Hayward
died in Boston, July 27, 1S66. The degree
of Master of Arts was conferred upon him by
Harvard in course, and he was elected to a fel-
lowship in the American Academy of Arts and
Sciences. In 1829 he published Elements of
Geometry upon the Inductive Method.

1S23; was a fellow of the American Academy of
Sciences, and a member of tlie Massachusetts His-
torical Society. His System of Logic passed through
a number of editions and was translated into German
and he also issued an abridgment of Brown's Mental
Philosophy.

HEDGE, Levi, 1766-1844.

Born in Hardwick, Mass., 1766; graduated at Har-
vard 1792, and was a Tutor there 1795-1810; Professor
of Logic and Metaphysics 1810-1827, and Alford Pro-
fessor of Natural Religion, Moral Philosophy and
Civil Polity 1827-1832; died in Cambridge, 1844.

LEVI HEDGE, LL.D., member of the Faculty
of Harvard, was born in Hardwick, Massa-
chusetts, April 19, 1766. He took his Bachelor's
degree at Harvard in 1792, receiving that of
Master of Arts in course, and returning to the
College as Tutor in 1795, continued in that ca-
pacity until 1 810. Called to the Professorship
of Logic and Metaphysics in the latter year, he
occupied it for the succeeding seventeen years, and
in 1827 relinquished that Chair to become Alford
Professor of Natural Religion, Moral Philosophy and
Civil Polity. In 1831 he suffered a stroke of paraly-
sis which disabled him from further service, and the
rest of his life was spent in retirement in Cambridge,
where he died January 3, 1844. Professor Hedge
received the degree of Master of Arts from Brown
in 1808, and that of Doctor of Laws from Yale in

HILLARD, George Stillman, 1808-1879.

Born in Machias, Me., 1808; graduated from Har-
vard, 1828; entered the legal profession in Boston and
became a prominent member of the Suffolk Bar; was
State Senator, City Solicitor, and United States Dis-
trict Attorney; Associate Editor of The Christian
Register, The Jurist and the Boston Courier; served
as Overseer of Harvard in all eight years and was a
writer of marked ability; died in Boston, Mass., 1879.

GEORGE STILLMAN Hir,LARD, LL.D.,
Overseer of Harvard, was born in Machias,
Washington county, Maine, September 22,1 808. He
was educated at Harvard graduating in 1828, and
taking his Master's degree in course ; was a student
in the Law Department receiving the degree of
Bachelor of Laws in 1832, and also studied in the
office of Charles P. Curtis. He was admitted to the
Suffolk Bar in Boston, where he attained distinction
in the legal profession, and held tlie office of City
Solicitor from 1854 to 1856. In 1850 he was a
member of the State Senate, served as a delegate to
the State Constitutional Convention in 1853, and as
United States District Attorney from 1866 until 1870.
In 1833 he was associated with George Ripley in the
Editorship of The Christian Register, a Unitarian
[Kiper ; afterward publishing The Jurist in company
with Charles Sumner, and purchasing an interest in
the Boston Courier in 1856, he was its Associate
Editor until the outbreak of the Civil War, when he
retired from journalism. Mr. Hillard died in Boston,
January 21, 1879. He was a fellow of the American
Academy of Arts and Sciences, a member of the
Massachusetts Historical Society, and received the
degree of Doctor of Laws from Trinity in 1857.
His interest in Harvard was never allowed to dete-
riorate and he served upon the Board of Overseers
in all eight years, first from 1850 to 1854, and again
from 1S71 to 1875. In 1847 he deUvered a course
of twelve lectures before the Lowell Institute, Boston.
Besides his addresses and orations, and a private biog-
raphy of James Brown and Jeremiah Mason, he wrote
a Life of Captain John Smith for Sparks' American
Biography, translated Guizot's Essay on the Character
and Influence of George Washington, and published
the poetical works of Edmund Spenser, with a criti-

UNIVERSll'IES ANB rUEIR SONS

283

cal introduction. He was the author of a Memorial
of Daniel Webster ; Six Months in Italy ; Life and
Campaigns of George B. McClellan ; Political Duties
of the Educated Classes; and collaborated with Mrs.
George TicUnor in preparing a life of her husband.

HOLMES, Oliver Wendell, Jr., 1841-

Born in Boston, 1841 ; graduated at Harvard, 1861 ;
from the Law School, 1866; served in the Civil \A^ar
attaining the rank of Lieut. -Col. ; admitted to the
Suffolk Bar 1867 and later to the Federal Courts;
practised in Boston until elevated to the State Supreme
Bench, 1882; Instructor at Harvard, 1870-71 ; Lecturer,
1871-73; Overseer, 1876-82; Law Professor, 1882-83;
Editor of the American Law Review, 1870-73; writer
and lecturer on the subject of common law.

OT,IVKR WENDELL HOLMf:S, JR., LL.D.,
Overseer and Law Professor at Harvard,
was born in Boston, March 8, 1841. Son of the
famous Harvard Professor, poet and essayist of the
same name ; grandson of the Rev. Abiel Holmes, a
distinguished preacher and historical writer, and of
Judge Charles Jackson on the maternal side, it is
not strange that the descendant of such eminent
ancestry should endeavor to emulate their example
by earnestly striving to attain the highest professional
prominence. Graduating from Harvard in 1861 he,
like many other sons of the University whose names
compose the roll of honor which fittingly ornaments
the lower loggia of Memorial Hall, was induced by
his patriotism to forego his professional studies for a
time, in order to enlist in defence of the Union ;
and the Class-day poem which he delivered at the
closing exercises, was written during the intervals
for rest, while drilling with his company at Fort
Independence in Boston Harbor. He went to tlie
front as First Lieutenant of Company A, Twentieth
Regiment, Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, and
was almost immediately sent into action, being
wounded twice at Ball's Bluff, once at Antietam, and
again at Marye's Hill. Commissioned Captain of
Company G in March 1S62, and Lieutenant-Colonel
in July of the following year, the depleted ranks of
the regiment prevented him from being mustered
in, and he was therefore assigned to duty as Aide-
de-Camp on the staff of Brigadier-General Wright,
then Division Commander and afterward command-
ing the Sixth Corps, with which he served under
General Grant until suminoned to the defence of
the National Capital in July 1864, and he was mus-
tered out of the service on the i yth of that month,
the term of his enlistment having expired. Enter-

ing Harvard Law School in September 1S64, he was
graduated with the degree of Baclielor of Laws in
1866, having also studied in the office of Robert M.
Morse, Barrister's Hall, Boston, since December
1865, and after spending the summer of 1866 in
Europe he continued his preparations with Messrs.
Chandler, Shattuck & Thayer. His admission to
the Suffolk Bar took place March 4, 1867, and he
was in due time admitted to practice in the Federal
Courts. He was associated with his brother until
1S73, and was a member of the firm of Shattuck,
Holmes & Munroe until appointed an .Associate

O. W. HOLMES

Justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court
by Governor Long in 1882. In 1870 Mr. Holmes
was called to Harvard as Instructor in Constitu-
tional Law, was University Lecturer on Jurispru-
dence in 1871 and 1872, inaugurated a newly
estaWished Chair in the Law School in 1882, which
his elevation to the Bench caused him to resign in
the following year, and was an Overseer of the Col-
lege from 1876 to 1S82. He was made a Doctor
of Laws by Yale in 1886, and by Harvard in 1895.
Judge Holmes is a member of the Massachusetts
Historical Society, was elected a member of the
Alpine Club during his visit to England in 1866,
and formerly held a fellowship in the American
Academy of Arts and Sciences. lie was Editor of

284

UNIVERSITIES ANB THEIR SONS

the American Law Review for three years, issuing vol-
umes V, VI, and YII, 1S71-1872 and 1S73, in which
latter year he published the twelfth edition of Kent's
Commentaries in four volumes, with elaborate notes,
and in 1881, he issued his notable work entitled
The Common Law, which created fiivorable com-
ment both at home and abroad and was rendered
into Italian by Sig. Francesco Lambertenghi. He
is also the author of an essay on Early English
Equity, printed in the English Law Quarterly Re-
view for April 1885 ; two articles on Agency, in the
Harvard Law Review for March and April 1891 ;
Privilege, Malice and Intent, Harvard Law Review,
May 1S94; Executors, Harvard Law Review, May
1895 ; The Path by the Law, an address before the
Boston Law School, Harvard Law Review and the
(Scotch) Juridical Review, April 1897; The Theory
of Legal Interpretation, Harvard Law Review, Feb-
ruary 1899 ; and Law in Science and Science in Law,
an address before the New York State Bar Associa-
tion, Harvard Law Review, March 1899. In 189 1
and 1896 a volume of his speeches was published
by Little, Brown & Company. In 1880 he delivered
a course of lectures on Common Law before the
Lowell Institute, Boston. On June 17, 1872, Judge
Holmes married Fanny, daughter of E. S. Dixwell
of Cambridge.

HOWARD, Simeon, 1733-1804.

Born in Maine, 1733; graduated at Harvard, 1758;
ordained to the ministry and installed Pastor of a
Church in Nova Scotia; was for nearly thirty-seven
years in charge of the West Church, Boston; Tutor at
Harvard, 1766-1767; chosen Secretary of the Board of
Overseers, 1778, and a Fellow in 1780, serving in each
capacity until his death, in 1804.

SIMEON HOWARD, S.T.D., Fellow of Harvard,
was born in Bridgewater, Maine, May 10,
1733. His Bachelor's and Master's degrees were
taken at Harvard, the former in 1758 and the latter
in course, and while pursuing his theological studies
he taught school. His ministry was inaugurated in
Cumberland, Nova Scotia, where he remained until
1 765, and the two succeeding years were spent at
Harvard as a post-graduate student and Tutor.
Called to the pulpit of the West Church, Boston,
in 1767, he performed his pastoral functions until
the danger attending the struggle for independence
made it advisable for him as well as some of his
congregation to take refuge in Nova Scotia, and
resuming his ministry upon his return, some eigh-

teen months later, his labors at the AVcst Church
were continued for the remainder of his life, which
terminated August 13, 1804. Dr. Howard was a
fellow of the American Academy of Arts and
Sciences, a member of the Society for propagating
the Gospel, and Vice-President of the Humane
Society. He became Secretary of the Board of
Overseers of Harvard in 1778 and joined the
College Corporation two years later, retaining these
posts until his death. His Divinity degree was
conferred by the Edinburgh LTniversity in 1785.

HUNTINGTON, Elisha, 1796-1865.

Born in Topsfield, Massachusetts, 1796; graduate of
Dartmouth, 1815, and of the Yale Medical School, 1823;
was a successful physician of Lowell, Mass.; Mayor
of that City for eight years ; Lieutenant-Governor of
Mass., 1853; President of the Mass. Medical Society
and an Overseer of Harvard, 1860-1865; died, 1S65.

ELISHA HUNTINGTON, M.D., Overseer of
Harvard, was born in Topsfield, Massachu-
setts, April 9, 1 796. His classical studies were
pursued at Dartmouth, from which he was graduated
in 18 1 5, and took his Medical degree at the Yale
Medical School in 1823. Perceiving a favorable
opening for an ambitious young physician in Lowell,
Massachusetts, then at the dawning of its prosperity
as an important manufacturing centre, he settled
there and his professional career was attended with
the most gratifying success. He was a leading
spirit in the public affairs of the city during its
growth and development, held the office of Mayor
for eight years, and was Lieutenant-Governor of the
State in 1853. Dr. Huntington died December 10,

186?

He was known throughout the state as an

able physician and a public spirited citizen, was
an active member and at one time President of
the Massachusetts Medical Society, and served as
an Overseer of Harvard for the last five years of his
life. William Reed Huntington, D.D., son of the
above, was born in Lowell, September 30, 1828.
He was poet of the Class of 1859 at Harvard, and
was similarly honored by the College Chapter of the
Phi Beta Kappa Society at its meeting in 1870.
Prior to taking orders in the Protestant Episcopal
Church, he acted as Instructor in Chemistry at Har-
vard for a short time, and began his ministerial
labors as Assistant Rector of Emmanuel Church,
Boston, in r86i. P'or twenty-one years he held the
Rectorship of All Saints' Church, Worcester, Massa-
chusetts, and in 1883 was called to Grace Church,

UNIFERSiriES AND THEIR SONS

281

New York City. 'I'lie Rev. Dr. Huntington received
his Divinity degree from Columbia in 1873. His con-
tributions to religious literature are quite numerous.

JEFFRIES, Benjamin Joy, 1833-

Born in Boston, Mass., 1833 ; graduated from Harvard,
1854; from the Medical School, 1857; completed studies
in Europe; well-known specialist in diseases of the
eye and skin; Ophthalmic Surgeon to the Massachu-
setts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, and other hos-
pitals; University Lecturer at Harvard 1869-1871; and
an author of several works relating to Ophthalmology
and Dermatology.

BENJ.AMIN ]OY JEFFRIES, A.M., M.D.,
University Lecturer at Harvard, was born in
Boston, March 26, 1833. A Latin School graduate.

BENJ.AMI.M J. JEFFRIES

his classical and professional studies were pursued
at Harvard, where he was graduated in 1854, and
from the Medical School in 1857 ; also devoting two
years to advanced study in Europe. Upon his return
he entered into practice in Boston as a specialist in
diseases of the eye and skin to the study of which
he had devoted much care and attention, and he
has been eminently successful. For many years Dr.
Jeffries has been Ophthalmic Surgeon to the Massa-
chusetts Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary, the New
England Hospital for ^Vomen and Children, and the

Carney Hospital. His investigation and report upon
the extent and dangers of color-blindness has re-
sulted in the enactment by the United States gov-
ernment of rules in the Army, Navy and Merchant
]\Larine, and the inducing examination of railroad
employees dependent upon perfect color and form
\ision for the proper discharge of their duties.
F'rom 1869 to 187 1 he was a member of the Uni-
versity lecture force at Harvard, and his degrees of
Master of .Arts and Doctor of Medicine were both
conferred by that University. His principal publi-
cations are : The Eye in Health and Disease ; Ani-
mal and Vegetable Parasites of the Human Hair and
Skin ; two prize essays and several articles and re-
ports relative to his special Hne of work ; also Color-
blindness, its Dangers and Detection, the United
States manual ; and very many journal and society
articles on defective color sense.

KNEELAND, Samuel, 1821-1888.

Born in Boston, Mass., 1821 ; graduated at Harvard
1840 and at the Medical School 1843; studied in Paris,
practised in Boston; Demonstrator of Anatomy at
Harvard, 1851-1853 ; Physician to the Boston Dispen-
sary; Surgeon in the Civil War, connected with the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1867-1878 as
Instructor, Professor and Secretary ; travelled exten-
sively in the interest of science ; acquired distinction
as naturalist, author and lecturer; died, 1888.

SAMUEL KNEELAND, A.i\L, M.D., Demon-
strator of Anatomy at Harvard, was born in
Boston, Massachusetts, August i, 1821. His classi-
cal and professional courses were pursued at Har-
vard, coinpleting the former in 1840, and the latter
in 1843, after which he studied in Paris and subse-
quently practised in Boston. For some time he held
the post of physician to the Boston Dispensary, was
Demonstrator of Anatomy at the Har\'ard Medical
School from 185 1 to 1853, and a surgeon in the vol-
unteer service during the Civil War. Entering the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1866 as
Secretary of the Corporation, he served in that
capacity for the succeeding twelve years, was an
Instructor from 1867 to 1869, Professor of Zoology
and Physiology from 1869 and Secretary of the
Faculty from 1871 till severing his connection with
that school in 1878. Professor Kneeland travelled
extensively in the interests of science, visiting the
Hawaiian Islands, the Philippines and Iceland and
from 1878 until his death, which occurred in 1888,
he devoted his time to literature and the fulfilling of
lecture engagements. He served as Secretary of the

286

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

American Academy of Arts and Sciences and of the
Boston Society of Natural History. Besides editing
tlie Annual of Scientific Discovery from 1866 to
1869; Smith's History of the Human Species and
a translation of Andry's Diseases of the Heart, he
was the author of: Science and Mechanism; the
Wonders of the Yosemite Valley and of California ;
an American in Iceland ; numerous contributions to
medical literature and a number of articles upon
medical and zoological subjects for the American
Cyclopaedia.

LANE, William Coolidge, 1859-

Born in Newtonville, Mass., 1859; graduated at Har-
vard, 1881 ; in charge of the Catalogue Department of
the Harvard College Library 1884-87; Assistant Libra-
rian 1887-93; Librarian of the Boston Athenaeum,
1893-98; Librarian Harvard University, 1898-

WILLIAM COOLIDGE LANE, Librarian
of Harvard University, was born in New-
tonville, Massachusetts, July 29, 1859. He is a son
of William H., Jr., and Caroline M. (Coolidge) Lane,
and a representative on the maternal side of the
Alden, Bass, Curtis, Dawes and Loring families.
From the Newton public schools he entered Har-
vard taking his Bachelor's degree in 1881. Imme-
diately after graduation he entered the service of
the University Library under Justin Winsor, being
placed in charge of the Catalogue department in
1884, and appointed Assistant Librarian in 1S87.
He continued to occupy that post until 1893, when
he was appointed Librarian of the Boston Athenfeum.
In that capacity he served until 1898, when he was
called back to Harvard to succeed the late Justin
Winsor as Librarian of the University. Mr. Lane
has been Treasurer of the publishing section of the
American Library Association even since its estab-
blishment (1886) having the general management
and direction of its publications. Librarian of the
Dante Society since 1888, Corresponding Secretary
of the Phi Beta Kappa Society of Harvard since
1889, was President of the Massachusetts Library
Club in 1 89 1, and of the American Library Associa-
tion in 1899. From 1894 to 1898 he was a Direc-
tor of the Cambridge Social Union. Mr. Lane is
unmarried. His home is in Cambridge, where he
has resided since entering Harvard in 1877.

NORTON, Andrews, 1786-1853.

Born in Hingham, Mass., 1768 ; graduated at Harvard,
1804; studied literature and theology; Tutor at Bow-

doin, i8og-io; at Harvard, 1811-1812; Lecturer, 1813-
1819; Librarian, 1813-1821 ; Professor of Sacred
Literature, 1819-1830; author, editor and noted ex-
positor of Christian doctrine ; died in Newport, R. L,
1853-

ANDREWS NORTON, A.M., Librarian at Har-
vard and Professor in the Divinity School,
was born in Hingham, Massachusetts, December 31,
1 786. He was a descendant of the Rev. John
Norton, who emigrated from England to Plymouth,
Massachusetts, in 1635, '''"'^ "''^^ afterwards asso-
ciated with Rev. John Wilson in the Pastorate of the
First Church, Boston ; and also of John Norton,
nephew of the above, a graduate of Harvard 1671,
and successor to the Rev. Peter Hobart in the Hing-
ham Pastorate. Tlie second John was a son of the
Rev. William Norton, and his mother, whose maiden
name was Downing, was a niece of Governor John
\Vinthrop. After graduating from Harvard (18041,
and pursuing courses in literature and theology at
the College, Andrews Norton was a Tutor at Bow-
doin for the years 1809 and 1810, and returning to
Cambridge he acted in the same capacity at Harvard
for two years. About this time he took the Editorship
of The General Repository, was College Librarian
from 1813 to 1821, held the Dexter Lectureship
from 1 81 3 to 18 19, and from the latter year until
1830 he held the Dexter Professorship of Sacred
Literature, resigning that Chair on account of failing
health. He thenceforward devoted his time to liter-
ature, residing in Cambridge permanently until 1849,
after which he passed his summers at Newport,
Rhode Island, where he died, September 18, 1853.
Although conservative in his views upon Christian
doctrine, he was a radical critic, opposing alike
the naturalistic theories as advanced by Theodore
Parker, and the doctrine of Calvinism. His lectures
were replete with the highest standard of intel-
lectual thought, and as an expositor of scriptural
interpretation he stood pre-etninent among his
contemporaries. Professor Norton was made an
honorary Master of Arts by Bowdoin in 1815. His
published works consist of: Historical Evidences of
the Genuineness of the Gospels ; Translation of the
Gospels with Notes ; Tracts concerning Christianity ;
The Internal Evidences of the Genuineness of the
Gospels ; occasional poems ; and A Statement of
the Reasons for not Relieving the Doctrines of Trini-
tarians as Concerning the Nature of God and the
Person of Christ. He also contributed to the period-
icals, and edited Miscellaneous Writings of Charies
Eliot ; Mrs. Hemans' Poems ; and The Select Jour-
nal of Foreign Periodical Literature, tlie latter in

UNirERSiriES JND TIIF.IR SONS

287

collaboration with Cliarles Folsom. He was a fellow
of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

NUTTALL, Thomas, 1786-1859.

Born in England, 1786; studied natural history in
the United States; travelled extensively in the interest
of science ; Lecturer at Harvard and Curator of the
Botanical Gardens, 1825-34; died, 1859.

1 THOMAS NUTTALL, A.M., Lecturer on Nat-
ural History and Curator of the Botanical
Gardens at Harvard, was born in Settle, Yorkshire,
England, in 17S6. Learning the printer's trade, he
followed it until about the year 1807, when he came
to the United States, and subsequently found ample
opportunity for the study of natural history, in which
he acquired superior proficiency, and excepting
Professor Asa Gray no other early investigator of the
botany and ornithology of North America personally
discovered and described more genera and species,
his scientific researches taking him from the Great
Lakes to Florida, from the Atlantic to the Pacific
Ocean, and to the Sandwich Islands. From 1S25
until 1S34 he was a member of the Harvard Lecture
force, and also had charge of the Botanical (hardens
connected with that institution. Returning to Eng-
land in 1842, he took possession of an inherited estate
in the vicinity of Liverpool, and occupied it for the
rest of his life, which terminated September 10, 1S59.
Mr. Nuttall was a member of the American Philo-
sophical Society, a fellow of the American .'\cademy
of Arts and Sciences, and the Linnsan Society of
London; and received from Harvard the honorary
degree of Master of Arts in 1826. Among his pub-
lished writings are : The Genera of North American
Plants, and a Catalogue of the Species ; Manual of
the Ornithology of the United States and Canada ;
The North American Sylva, or a Description of the
Forest-Trees of the United States, Canada, and
Nova Scotia, not described in the work of Franpois
Andr^ Michaux ; and a Journal of Travels into the
Arkansas Territory during the year 18 19.

PETTEE, William Henry, 1838-

Born in Newton, Mass., 1838; graduated at Harvard,
1861 ; Assistant in Chemistry there 1863-65; studied
abroad three years ; Instructor in Mining at Harvard,
1869-71; Assistant Professor until 1875; subsequently
appointed Professor of Mineralogy, Economic Geology
and Mining Engineering at the University of Mich-
igan ; assisted in the geological survey of California ;
formerly Vice-President of the American Institute of

Mining Engineers; and General Secretary of the
American Association for the Advancement of Science.

WH.LIAM Hl'A'RY PKTTEE, A.M., Assis-
tant Professor of Mining at Harvard, was
born in Newton Upper Falls, Massachusetts, January
13, 1838, son of Otis Pettee, the inventor. F^nter-
ing Harvard with the Class of 1861 he pursued the
regular classical course, paying particular attention
to chemistry, and from 1S63 to 1865 was an .Assis-
tant in that study. The succeeding three years
were spent at the Mining School in P'reiberg, Saxony,
and on his return he accepted the post of Instruc-

WILLIAM H. PEITEE

tor in Mining at Harvard. For the academic year
1 870-1 87 1 he had leave of absence from Harvard,
and he spent a period of nearly fourteen months in
California, entirely on field and ofifice work of the
Geological Survey, under the direction of Professor
J. D. Whitney. While engaged in this work, he was
appointed to the Assistant Professorship of his de-
partment in Harvard, which he held for four years.
For several years after that time he assisted Profes-
sor AVhitney, as he found leisure, in the latter's Cali-
fornia work, making a second visit to that State for
a summer season of field-work in 1879. He joined
the Faculty of the LTniversity of Michigan in 1875,
and was later chosen Professor of Mineralogy, Eco-
nomic Geology and Mining Engineering in that

288

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

institution. Professor Pettee was Vice-President of
tlie American Institute of Mining Engineers from
1880 to 18S2, General Secretary of the American
Association for tlie Advancement of Science in 1887,
is a member of the American Philosophical Society,
and of several other learned bodies. \\'hile resid-
ing in Massachusetts he was a fellow of the American
Academy. He contributed two appendices to Pro-
fessor Whitney's work on the Auriferous Gravels of
the Sierra Nevada, and is the author of Contribu-
tions to Barometric Hypsometry published by the
California Survey in 1874.

PARKER, Theodore, 1810-1860.

Born in Lexington, Mass., 1810; non-resident student
of Harvard; studied theology at the Harvard Divinity
School; Hebrew Instructor there, 1835-36; Pastor at
West Roxbury, Mass., 1837-45; preached at the Me-
lodeon and Music Hall, Boston, 1845-59; noted free-
thinker, abolitionist, lecturer, editor and author; died,
i860.

THEODORE PARKER, A.M., S.T.B., In-
structor at Harvard, was a grandson of
Captain John Parker, whose company of Minute-
men were attacked by the British at Lexington,
April 19, 1775. Born in Le.xington, August 24,
1 8 10 of hard-working parents whose straitened
circumstances prevented his attending a well organ-
ized school for any length of time, he was forced to
depend upon that provided by the district for his
primary instruction. An attendance of three months
at a systematized school in Lexington, where he ac-
quired the rudiments of some of the higher branches
of study, served to point out the way whereby he
could pursue unaided a preparatory course, and
possessing a memory which was equalled only by
his desire for knowledge, he succeeded in accom-
plishing his task in less time than many others
would have required with the help of an Listructor,
at the same time working daily upon the farm. On
a warm summer day in 1830, he walked to Cam-
bridge, passed a successful examination for admis-
sion to Harvard, entered as a non-resident student,
and by devoting his spare moments assiduously to
study, he retained his standing, visiting the College
at the end of the year for examination. Relinquish-
ing agriculture for educational pursuits in 1S31, he
was for a year an Assistant at a private school in
Boston, and subsequently taught in Watertown,
Massachusetts, where he gained the friendship of
the Unitarian Pastor, Rev. Convers Francis, whose
library afforded him the means of advancement in

Latin and Greek, and each Saturday he walked to
Charlestown for instruction in Hebrew from a Jewish
teacher. Entering the Harvard Divinity School in
1834 he was appointed Instructor in Hebrew there
for the years 1835 and 1836, and having fully pre-
pared himself for the ministry, was settled over a
parish in West Roxbury, Massachusetts, in 1837,
where he remained about seven years. By 1845
he was quite well known as an independent, free-
thinking iconoclast, who had forever separated him-
self from dogmatic theology to expound a new
religious doctrine, having for its basis simply a

THEODORE PARKER

belief in God and the immortality of the soul. In
1845 he was invited to preach before a small assem-
blage which met at the j\Ielodeon in Boston, and
this temporary organization was made permanent at
the close of tlie year with Mr. Parker as its Pastor.
In 1852 the society moved to the new Music Hall
which was thenceforward the scene of his pulpit
triumphs, and he continued to preach regularly to
large gatherings until 1859, when the acute pul-
monary affection, which culminated fatally a year
later caused him to seek a more salubrious climate
in hope of allaying the progress of the disease. But
the apostle of the naturalistic school of religious
thought had finished his ministry. After wintering
in Santa Cruz and spending the succeeding summer

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

289

in Switzerland, he crossed the Alps to Italy, where
the end was hastened by an unusually damp season.
He died at Florence, May 10, i860, and his re-
mains repose in the Protestant Cemetery just out-
side the Porta a Pinti on the road leading to the
beautiful suburb of Fiesole. Theodore Parker's
critics were numerous, but it is doubtful if even his
most vehement opponents questioned his sincerity,
and later criticisms of his religious work have been
greatly modified. As a lecturer and defender of
truth and justice he was in constant demand, and
as an enemy of slavery he stood beside Garrison and
Phillips, sharing with them the censure of their op-
ponents and the personal danger incurred by de-
fending fugitive slaves. His publications include:
Sermons on Theism, Atheism and Popular Theology ;
Occasional Sermons and Speeches ; Experiences as
a Minister ; Discourse on Matters Pertaining to
Religion ; Miscellaneous Writings ; and Trial of
Theodore Parker for the Misdemeanor of a Speech
in Faneuil Hall Against Kidnapping, a defence pre-
pared for delivery in case he should be tried for
taking part in the Anthony Burns affair. As a non-
resident student of Harvard he was not eligible to
the Bachelor's degree, but he was made a Bachelor
of Divinity in 1836, and an honorary Master of
Arts in 1840.

PACKARD, Hezekiah, 1768-1849.

Born in Mass., 1761 ; served in the Revolutionary
War; graduated at Harvard, 1787; Tutor there, 1789-
93: Assistant Librarian, 1789; held Pastorates in Mas-
sachusetts and Maine; organized the Lincoln County,
Maine, Bible Society and the Eastern Evangelical
Society; Overseer, Trustee and Vice-President of
Bowdoin College ; died, 1849.

HEZEKIAH P.ACKARD, S.T.D., Tutor and
.Assistant Librarian at Harvard, was born
in Bridgewater, Massachusetts, December 6, 1761.
He was reared a farmer, which was liis occupation
imtil joining the Continental .\rniy, and after his
discharge he entered Harvard. The year following
his graduation he acted as Principal of the Cam-
bridge Grammar School, was chosen Tutor in Math-
ematics and .Assistant Librarian at Harvard in 1789,
and remained at the College until 1793. Entering
the Unitarian ministry he was installed Pastor of the
church in Chelmsford, Massachusetts, in October
1793, remaining there nine years, and from 1802
to 1830 he was in charge of the church in Wis-
casset, Maine. Returning to his native state he
preached in Middlesex Village until 1836. Besides

VOL. II. — ig

his pastoral duties, he promoted religious interest,
by organizing the Bible Society in Lincoln county,
Maine, and the Eastern Evangelical Society, which
accomplished much good during the short period of
its existence. He was actively interested in the
early development of Bowdoin College, which he
served for over twenty years in the capacity of Trus-
tee and Overseer, and was its Vice-President for
some time. In 181 8 he received from Harvard the
degree of Doctor of Divinity. Dr. Packard died in
Salem, Massachusetts, April 22, 1849. He was the
author of: The Christian's Manual, and a number
of sermons, including two on Federal Republican-
ism, and two on Infant Baptism. Alpheus Spring
Packard, son of Hezekiah, was a graduate of Bow-
doin, Class of 1816, became a Tutor there in 1819,
and subsequently held several Professorships. He
became Acting President in 1883, and died in July
of the following year, having been officially con-
nected with the College for sixty-five years.

TICKNOR, George, 1791-1871.

Born in Boston, Mass., 1791 ; graduated at Dart-
mouth, 1807; studied law and admitted to the Bar;
Professor of French and Spanish Languages and Liter-
atures and Belles-lettres at Harvard, 1817-35; founder
of the Boston Public Library, of which he was Pres-
ident of the Board of Trustees; died in Boston, 1871.

GEORGE TICKNOR, LL.D., Professor of
French and Spanish Languages and Litera-
t\ire, Belles-lettres, etc., at Harvard, acknowledged
as a genius by no less authority than the great
Humboldt, was in his prime one of the most noted
of Harvard instructors. Born in Boston, August i,
1798, he was the son of Elisha Ticknor, who was for
many years at the head of the Franklin School in
that city. From an early age young Ticknor showed
a passion for reading and research, and while yet a
boy passed his examinations for Dartmouth, from
which College he vi'as graduated in 1S07. When
he was nineteen years old he entereii the office of a
Boston lawyer, and in 1813 passed his Bar examin-
ations. But law was not to his taste, and after some
years spent abroad in the study of European litera-
tures he returned to Boston to assume the Smith
Professorship of French and Spanish Languages and
Literatures at Harvard, which had been founded in
1S16, under the will of .•\biel Smith, a Harvard
graduate of 1764. ^Vith this was incorporated the
Chair of Belles-lettres. During his stay at Harvard
Professor Ticknor collected one of the finest private

290

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

libraries in the country, especially rich in the lore
of Spanish literature. After a Professorship of
eighteen years he resigned in 1S35 to again visit
Europe. His stay lasted for three years, and during
that time he prepared himself for the compilation
of his greatest work, The History of Spanish Lit-
erature. In 1849, the results of his labors were
given to the world. Translations in German and
Spanish were received abroad with the greatest
cordiality. It ran in the English version through
four editions, the last issued subsequent to the
author's death. Mr. Ticknor is held in especial
esteem in Boston as the founder of the Boston
Public Library, to which he gave his priceless col-
lection of books, and of whose Board of Trustees he
was President from 1S64 to 1866. He held the
honorary Master of Arts degree from Harvard, and
that of Doctor of Laws from both Brown and Dart-
mouth, and was a member of various American and
foreign societies. He died in Boston, January 26,
1S71.

PEABODY, Andrew Preston, 1811-1893.

Born in Beverly, Mass., 1811 ; graduated at Harvard
1826, and Divinity School 1832 ; Tutor in the College,
1832-33; Pastor of a Unitarian Church in Portsmouth,
N. H., 1833-60; Professor of Christian Morals at Har-
vard until 1881, and " Emeritus " for the rest of his life ;
University preacher many years ; Acting President,
1862, and again i868-6g; Overseer, 1883-93; Vice-Presi-
dent of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences ;
Editor North American Review; author of numerous
publications and contributions to periodicals ; died,
1893.

ANDREW PRESTON PEABODY, S.T.D.,
LL.D., Professor, Preacher and twice Acting
President of Harvard, was born in Beverly, Massa-
chusetts, March 19, 181 1. His classical and theo-
logical education was acquired at Harvard. He
graduated from the Academic Department in 1826,
and from the Divinity School in 1832, and during
the next College year acted as Tutor in Mathe-
matics. Called to the Pastorate of the South
Unitarian Church, Portsmouth, New Hampshire, in
1833 as successor to the Rev. Nathan Parker, D.D.,
he remained there for twenty-seven years, and in
i860 ret\irned to Harvard, with which he was
officially connected for the rest of his life. For up-
ward of thirty years he held the appointment of
University Preacher, and also the Chair of Christian
Morals, continuing an active member of the Faculty
from i860 to 1 88 1, when his name was placed upon
the "Emeritus" list. In 1862 and again in 1S68

and 1S69 he was Acting President of the University,
and a member of the Board of Overseers from 1SS3
until his death, March 10, 1893. Dr. Peabody de-
voted much time to literature, both as writer and
editor, and besides serving in the latter capacity on
the North American Review, from 185210 1861,
contributed extensively to the current periodicals,
and was the author of: Conversation: Its Faults
and Its Graces ; Christianity, the Religion of Nature ;
Reminiscences of European Travel ; Manual of
Moral Philosophy; Christianity and Science; Har-

A. p. PEABODY

varcl Reminiscences, and other notable works. He
also published over one hundred sermons, orations,
addresses and lectures, and edited the works of
several well-known writers. He was made a Doctor
of Divinity by Harvard in 1852, and a Doctor of
Laws by Rochester in 1863; was Vice-President of
the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and
an active member of the Massachusetts Historical
Society.

ABBOTT, Josiah Gardiner, 1814-1898,

Born in Chelmsford, Mass., 1814; graduated from
Harvard, 1832; admitted to the Bar, 1837; member of
the Legislature the same year; edited the Lowell Ad-
vertiser, 1840 ; State Senator, 1842-1843 ; Master in Chan-
cery, 1850-1855; member of the State Constitutional

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

291

Convention 1853 ; Judge of the Superior Court, 1855-
1858; Overseer of Harvard, 1859-1865; Member of Con-
gress, 1877; served upon the Electoral Commission to
investigate the charges of fraudulent voting; delegate
to numerous political conventions ; promoter and
director of several business enterprises. Died at
Wellesley Hills, 1891.

JOSIAH GARDINER ABBOTT, LL.D., Over-
seer of Harvard, was born in Chelmsford,
Massachusetts, November i, 1S14, son of Caleb
and Mercy (Fletcher) Abbott. He was a descend-
ant in the seventh generation of George Abbott,
who emigrated from Yorkshire, iMigland, in 1640,
settling in Andover, Massachusetts, and his first
American ancestor on the maternal side was Wil-
liam Fletcher, who came from Devonshire, England,
and settled in Chelmsford, Massachusetts, in 1653.
His grandfathers were both participants in the liat-
tle of Bunker Hill, and his father was a prosperous
merchant of Chelmsford. Having fitted for Col-
lege under the instruction of Ralph Waldo Emer-
son, Abiel Abbott, D.D., and Cranmore Wallace,
he pursued the regular course at Harvard, from
which he was graduated in 1832, and subsequendy
taught the academy in Fitchburg, Massacliusetts.
After his admission to the Bar in 1S37, he entered
into practice at Lowell in company with Amos
Spaulding. That partnership continued for some
time and from 1842 to 1855 he was associated witli
Samuel A. Brown. His active interest in political
affairs began in 1837 when he was elected a Rep-
resentative to the Legislature, being the youngest
member of the Lower House, and for the years
1 842-1 843 was a member of the State Senate, the
sound Democratic principles set forth by him in
the Lowell Advertiser of which he was F^ditor in
1840, having made him quite popular in Middlesex
county. He held the office of Master in Chancery
from 1850 to 1855 or until elevated to the Bench of
the Superior Court for Suffolk county, which was es-
tablished that year, but he resigned in 1858 in order
to resume his law practice. As delegate to the
State Constitutional Convention, in 1853 he favored
the election of Judges by the people and some
radical reforms regarding the duties of jurors.
Declining a seat upon the Supreme Bench in i860
he took up his residence in Boston in the following
year and devoted himself assiduously to his law
practice, which became both large and remunera-
tive. His election to Congress in 1874 being ex-
tremely close, his seat in that body was strongly
contested, but early in 1877 he was accorded ad-
mission and Ills jirincipal work while in the national

IIiiusc of Representatives was performed upon the
lOlcctoral Commission appointed to investigate the
alleged election frauds in several states. Judge
Abbott was chosen a delegate to seven national
Democratic conx'cntions and in six of them he held
the Chairmanship of the State delegation, liesides
his law practice he was officially connected witli
numerous business enterprises including manufac-
turing, water-power, railroad and insurance com-
panies. During the Rebellion his sympathy was
with the L'nion's cause, the defence of which he
aided at every opportunity, and he willingly sanc-
tioned the enlistment of three of his sons, each of
whom rendered distinguished services as officers,
and two were killed. Judge Abbott resided upon
a desirably located estate at Wellesley Hills, where
he died June 2, 1891. He was an Overseer of
Harvard from 1859 to 1865, and the honorary
degree of Doctor of Laws was conferred upon
him by Williams in 1863. He married Caroline
daughter of Edward St. Loe Livermore, of Lowell,
and she died in 18S7. Of their eight children live
sons and one daughter are living.

AGASSIZ, Jean Louis Rudolphe, 1807-1873.

Born in Motier, Switzerland, 1807; studied at Biel,
Lausanne, Zurich and Heidelberg; received the Ph.D.
degree 1829, M.D. 1830; studied under Cuvier and Hum-
boldt; accepted the Chair of Natural Philosophy at
Neuchatel, 1832; built a station on the Aar glacier;
came to America under a commission from the King
of Prussia; Professor of Zoology and Geology at Har-
vard, 1848; one of the founders of the National Acad-
emy of Sciences; non-resident Professor of Cornell,
1868; received honors from the Universities of Dublin,
Edinburgh and Paris ; died in Cambridge, Mass., 1873.

JEAN LOUIS RODOLPHE AGASSIZ, Ph.D.,
LL.D., M.D., Founder of the INIuseum of
Comparative Zoology at Harvard, was born in
Motier, Switzerland, May 28, 1807. He was the
son of Louis Rodolphe Agassiz — a Protestant cler-
gyman, whose ancestors for six generations had
honored the same profession — and Rose Mayor of
Neuchatel. After spending four years at Biel he
went to the College of Lausanne, and thence to
Zurich and Heidelberg. He was given the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy by Erlangen in 1829, and that
of Doctor of Medicine by Munich in 1S30. While
in Munich Agassiz founded the society afterward
known as the " Little Academy," where the promi-
nent scientists of the time, such men as Dollinger,
ALirtius, Schilling, Okcn, Wagner, Fuchs, ami Braun,

^9^

tlNIFERSITJES AND THEIR SONS

made known their latest discoveries and lectured on
scientific, mainly zoological, subjects, especially on
the development of plants and animals. In 1829
Martius and Spinx having returned from a journey
of scientific exploration in IJra/il, Agassiz wrote a
monograph on tlie results of their work, as related
to the fishes they had found, which at once raised
him, a boy of only twenty-one, to his rightful place
as one of the most prominent ichthyologists of the
time. In 1S31 he went to Paris for further re-
search, and at once became the tirm friend, and to
a certain extent the protege, of Cuvier and Hum-

LOUIS AGASSIZ

boldt. The former placed every facility possible at
Agassiz's command, including his own collections
and the results of his years of research. He worked
under and with Cuvier until the latter's death in
1832, and it was undoubtedly because of his mas-
ter's teachings that Agassiz so firmly opposed, first
the theory of development as advocated by Geof-
froy, and later in life Darwin's theories. Accepting
the Chair of Natural History at Neuchatel in 1832,
he continued his work on the fossil fishes which
he had begun some time before, and during the
next ten years published what seems to have been
his most important contribution to science, Re-
cherches sur les Poissons Fossiles, one of the
foundations of all the present-day knowledge of

fishes. In this book a thousand species were
wholly and differentially, and seven hundred more
partially, described. Agassiz became deeply inter-
ested in glacial ])henomena, and built a station on
the Aar glacier at an elevation of eight thousand
feet. Conducting his experiments here, he pub-
lished in 1840 his Etudes sur les CJlaciers. In
September 1846, Agassiz came to America, under a
commission from the King of Prussia for the inves-
tigation of the zoology and geology of the United
States. He gave during the following winter
lectures at the Lowell Institute in Pjoston which
attracted wide attention, and increased the enthusi-
asm and liking for him of the scientists of America.
He lived for some time in East Boston, where he
continued his work on American fishes. In 1848,
resigning his commission from Prussia, he accepted
the Professorship of Zoology and Geology in the
Lawrence Scientific School of Harvard University,
with which he was completely identified until the
end of his labors, declining the most flattering offers
from Zurich and Paris in order to continue his work
in Cambridge. In 185S, through the bequest
of Francis C. Gray, the sum of $50,000 be-
came available for the establishment of a Zoolog-
ical Museum. Despite the popular vote which
decided on the "Agassiz Museum" as a fitting
name, Agassiz insisted that the official title be " The
Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard." It
is nevertheless generally called by his name. Other
large bequests followed, including an appropriation
of $100,000 by the Legislature, as well as
the gift of all Agassiz's own priceless collec-
tions, and in November i860, a portion of the
wing of the Museum Building was finished and ded-
icated. Much of the remainder of his life was
devoted to the classification of the collections and
to such an arrangement as would render them easily
accessible for even a layman. Ever interested in
all work kindred to his own, Agassiz was one of the
founders of the National Academy of Sciences,
which was incorporated by Congress in 1863. In
1865, through the generosity of Nathaniel Thayer,
Agassiz was enabled to make a trip to Brazil, pri-
marily for the restoration of his health, which was
breaking down from overwork, but which grew into
an important scientific expedition for the benefit of
the Harvard Museum. In 1868 he accepted a
non-resident Professorship of Natural History at
Cornell. In 1873 Agassiz laid before the Legisla-
ture of Massachusetts his plans for the establishment
of a Summer School of Natural Science on the Mas-

UNIFERSiriES AND THEIR SONS

293

sachiisetts coast. The project being brought to the
notice of John Anderson of New York, he at once
gave the island of Penikese in Buzzard's Bay for
such a purpose, and endowed the school liberally.
Once more Agassiz objected to the use of his name,
and the new institution was known as the Anderson
School of Natural History. Disregarding his ill
health, Agassiz labored steadily in the new work.
The first season passed most successfully, the enthu-
siasm of the master communicating itself to his
pupils, and at tlie same time furnishing him with a
fictitious strength which enabled him to labor far
beyond the proper limit. His overwork had effect
after the nervous strain was over, and on the four-
teenth of December, 1873, Agassiz passed away.
He rests at Mount Auburn, his monument a boulder
from the Aar. He was awarded all the honors that
the Universities of Dublin, Edinburgh and Paris
could bestow, and was an honored member of
practically all the scientific organizations of Europe
and America.

AGASSIZ, Alexander, 1835-

Born in Neuchatel, Switzerland, 1835: graduated
from Harvard in 1855 and from the Lawrence Scientific
School 1857 ; served upon the North- Western Boundary
Survey; developed the Calumet and Hecla Copper
Mine ; visited Europe, South America and other parts
of the world in the interest of Science ; Directed a
number of expeditions to the West Indies and Pacific
ocean; Fellow, Overseer and Benefactor of Harvard;
was for some years Lecturer in the Scientific Depart-
ment of Harvard ; Curator and Director of the Museum,
of Comparative Zoology, 1874-1898.

ALEXANDER AGASSIZ, LL.D., S.D., Bene-
factor of Harvard, was born in Neuchatel,
Switzerland, December 17, 1S35, and is the only
son of Professor Louis Agassiz by the latter's first
wife. His early education was acquired previous
to 1S49, t''"^ yS'T of his arrival in America, and he
immediately began to prepare for Harvard. Grad-
uating from tliat University in 1S55, and from the
Lawrence Scientific School in 1857, receiving at the
latter the degree of Bachelor of Science, he pursued
further instruction in the Chemical Department, at
the same time teaching in his father's school for
young ladies. In 1859 he went to the Pacific
Coast, where for a time he was engaged upon the
North-West Boundary Survey, and during his stay
he visited the principal mines of California and
collected specimens for the Museum at Cambridge.
Upon his return in i860 he became Assistant in
Zoology at the Museum, of which he took charge

during his father's absence in Brazil, and in 1865,
he interested himself in coal mining in Pennsylvania.
From 1866 to 1 869 he was Superintendent of the Cal-
umet and Hecla Copper ('ompany, which he devel-
oped into the most noted copper mine in the world.
During the years 1869 and 1870 he carefully in-
spected the Museums of England, France, Italy,
Germany and Scandinavia, after which he returned
to his duties at Cambridge, and succeeding his
father as Curator of the Museum of Comparative
Zoology he continued as such until 189S, when he
resigned to devote himself to his own expeditions.

ALEXANDER AGASSIZ

He was Director of the Anderson School of Natu-
ral History in 1S73, and in 1875, went to the west
coast of South America for the purpose of inspect-
ing the copper mines of Peru and Chile. He also
made a minute examination of the shores of Lake
Titicaca and collected many Peruvian antiquities
which he deposited in the Peabody Museum. He
was called to Scotland solely for the purpose of
assisting Sir Wyville Thompson in arranging the
collections secured on the exploring expedition of
the " Challenger " and brought a portion of them
to America. One of the final reports on the Zookigy
of the " Challenger " expedition, that on Echini, was
written by him. From 1876 to 18S1 he spent his
winters in deep-sea dredging on the steamer " Blake,"

294

UNIVERSITIES AND 'THEIR SONS

which was furnished him by the Government for that
purpose, the results of which have been published in
two Volumes, The Cruise of the Blake ; and he was
subsequently engaged in examining the formation of
coral reefs, visiting the West Indies, Bahamas, Cuba,
the Bermudas, the Galapagos, the Sandwich Islands,
the great Barrier Reef of Australia and the Fiji Islands,
with reference to Darwin's theory of which he is one
of the principal opponents. On certain forms of
marine life he is considered to be the best authority in
the world. Besides the American Academy of which
he is President, Mr. Agassiz is a member of nu-
merous other scientific bodies both in America and
Europe. He was a Fellow of Harvard until 1885,
served the University as an Overseer, and has pre-
sented it with gifts amounting to over $800,000.
His writings, which consist of pamphlets upon
scientific subjects, particularly Marine Zoology, the
results of his expeditions to the West Indies and
Pacific Ocean, contributions to scientific periodicals
and reports of scientific bodies, are numerous and
for the most part have been published in the pub-
lications of the Museum in Cambridge. He is the
joint author of the fifth volume of Contributions to
the Natural History of the United States, which was
left unfinished by his father; Seaside Studies in
Natural History ; and Marine Animals of Massa-
chusetts Bay ; in all of which he had Mrs. Elizabeth
C. Agassiz, his stepmother, as a collaborator.

BRADFORD, Alden, 1765-1843.

Born in Duxbury, Mass.. 1765 ; graduated at Harvard,
1786; served as Tutor there, 1791-1793; Pastor of the
Congregational Church in Wiscasset, Maine, till 1801 ;
sometime Clerk of the Massachusetts Supreme Court;
Secretary of State for the Commonwealth, 1812-1824;
historian, biographer, eulogist, etc. ; died at Boston,
Mass., 1843.

ALDEN BRADFORD, LL.D., Tutor at Har-
vard, son of Judge Gamaliel, and a descend-
ant of Governor William Bradford, was born in
Duxbury, Massachusetts, November 19, 1765. His
father and grandfother were Justices of the Supreme
Court and the latter won distinction both in civil
and military life. Having graduated from Harvard
in 1786, .\lden Bradford was a Tutor in that Col-
lege for two years 1791-1793, when he entered the
Congregationalist Ministry and became Pastor of the
Church in Wiscasset, Maine. Returning to Boston
in 1801, he was Clerk of the Massachusetts Supreme
Court for some time ; was a bookseller in Boston,
and from 181 2-1824 he held the office of Secretary

of State for the Commonwealth. Mr. Bradford re-
ceived the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws from
Bowdoin in 1S37. He was a member of the Massa-
chusetts Historical Society in which he took an
active interest, and during the first forty years of
the present century he was a profuse contributor
to contemporaneous literature upon historical, bio-
graphical and other subjects. He also devoted some
time to journalism and was Editor of the Boston
Gazette in 1826. His published works are : Eulogy
on Washington ; On the Death of General Knox ;
Life of Caleb Strong ; History of Massachusetts ;
Life of Jonathan Mayhew ; History of the Federal
Government ; Biographical Notices of Distinguished
Men of Massachusetts ; New England Chronology
1497-1800; and accounts of Wiscasset and Dux-
bury. Alden Bradford died in Boston, October 26,
1843.

CLARK, Henry James, 1826-1873.

Born in Easton, Mass., 1826; graduated at the Uni-
versity of New York, 1848; studied Botany under Pro-
fessor Asa Gray at the Botanic Gardens, Cambridge;
graduated from the Lawrence Scientific School, 1854;
private Assistant to Professor Louis Agassiz 1856-
1863; Adjunct Professor of Zoology at the Lawrence
Scientific School, i860; Professor of Botany, Zoblogy,
and Geology at the Agricultural College of Pennsyl-
vania, 1866 ; Professor of Natural History at the
University of Kentucky, 1869; and Professor of Vet-
erinary Science at the Massachusetts Agricultural
College, 1872. Died at Amherst, Mass., 1873.

HEXRV JAMES CLARK, Adjunct Professor
of Zoology at Harvard, was born in Easton,
ALassachusetts, June 22, 1826. He was a graduate
of the Llniversity of New York, Class of 1848, and
immediately afterward became a school master at
AVhite Plains, that state. A correspondence with
Professor Asa Gray of Harvard upon the subject of
Botany, to the study of which he had already de-
voted some of his spare time, induced him in 1850
to become a student at the Cambridge Botanic Gar-
dens, and later at the Lawrence Scientific School of
Harvard, from which he was graduated in 1854.
From 1856 to 1863 he was actively engaged in the
preparation of the Anatomical and Embryological
portions of the Contributions to the Natural History
of the LTnited States as private assistant to Professor
Louis Agassiz, who considered him a remarkably
skilful microscopist. As Adjunct Professor of Zool-
ogy in the Lawrence Scientific School, to which he
was appointed in June i860, he delivered in the
following year a course of lectures on Histology at

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

295

the Museum of Comparative Zoology. His connec-
tions with tlie Museum were severed in 1863, and
with the University in 1S65. In 1S64 he delivered
an instructive course of twelve lectures before the
Lowell Institute, Boston, entitled : Mind in Nature.
From 1 866 to 1869 Professor Clark held the Chair
of Uotany, Zoology and Geology at the Pennsylvania
.Vgricultural College, was Professor of Natural His-
tory at the University of Kentucky until 1872, when
he was chosen Professor of Veterinary Science at
the State Agricultural College, Amherst, Massachu-
setts. He died in that town July i, 1S73. Pro-
fessor Clark belonged to the National and American
Academies besides most of the other scientific socie-
ties of the United States. He contributed largely
to the Proceedings of the American Academy, the
Boston Society of Natural History, the American
Journal of Science and the Smithsonian Contribu-
tions. His published works are : .'V Claim for
Scientific Property ; and Mind in Nature, or the
Origin of Life and the Mode of Development of
Animals.

HOLMES, Oliver Wendell, 1809-1894.

Born in Cambridge, Mass., i8og; graduated at Har-
vard, 1829; student in the Law and Medical Depart-
ments, and took his degree from the latter in 1836,
having previously studied abroad ; Professor of Anat-
omy and Physiology at Dartmouth, 1838-40; practised
in Boston 1840-49; Parkman Professor of Anatomy
and Physiology at Harvard 1847-82 and " Emeritus "
the rest of his life ; Dean of the Medical School, 1847-
53; Lecturer there 1863-64; University Lecturer, 1871-
72; Vice-President American Academy of Arts and
Sciences; essayist, poet, novelist and lyceum lecturer ;
died, 1894.

OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES, M.D., LL.D.,
D.C.L., Professor at the Harvard Medical
School from 1847 to 1882, and "Emeritus " for the
remaining twelve years of his life, was a son of the
Rev. Abiel Holmes, for forty years a Unitarian Min-
ister in Cambridge, Massachusetts. On the paternal
side he was a descendant in the fifth generation of
John Holmes, who came from England and located
in Woodstock, Connecticut, in 1686. The latter's
grandson, David Holmes, was a Captain of a British
company in the French War, and a Surgeon in the
American Army during the War for Independence.
David's grandson, Abiel Holmes, who was a gradu-
ate of Yale, held the Pastorate of the First Parish
Church, Cambridge, from 1792 to 1832, and was a
noted historical writer of his day. Dr. Holmes'
maternal ancestry, the Wendells, descended from

Evert Jansen Wendell, who emigrated from Embden
in Friesland on the Cerman border, in 1645, and
settled in .Albany, New York. Jacob Wendell, the
doctor's maternal great-grandfather, attained pros-
perity as a merchant in Boston, whither he went
from Albany some years prior to the Revolution,
served in the town government, and was a Colonel
in the Militia. Jacob married a daughter of Dr.
James Oliver, and had a family of twelve children,
among whom were ( )liver, Dr. Holmes' maternal
grandfather, and a daughter, who married John
Phillips, first Mayor of Boston, becoming the mother

OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES

of the famous orator and abolitionist, Wendell Phil-
lips. Oliver Wendell was also a merchant, served
as a Selectman of Boston during the siege, was sub-
sequently Judge of Probate for Suffolk county, and
a Fellow of Harvard from 1778 to 1S12. He mar-
ried a daughter of Edward and Dorothy (Quincy)
Jackson, the latter a cousin of the wife of John
Hancock. The birth of Oliver Wendell Holmes
took place in Cambridge, August 29, 1809. From
a private school in his native town, he went to
Phillips Academy, .Andover, and from there to Har-
vard, where he was graduated in 1829 with a class
of notables, among whom were James Freeman
Clarke, Charles .Sumner, Benjamin Peirce, William
H. Ciianning, the historian. Motley, and Samuel F.

296

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

Smith, author of " America." From the College he
entered the Law Department, but a year later aban-
doned the study of law for that of Medicine, which
he began in the Medical School, continued in Paris
and in various European hospitals, and took his de-
gree at Harvard in 1S36. Having won the Boylston
Prizes in 1836 and 1S37 for medical essays, he was
called in 1S3S to the Chair of Anatomy and Physi-
ology at Dartmouth, which he retained two years,
and from 1840 to 1849, he devoted his time to his
profession in Boston, acquiring an extensive prac-
tice among the elite of that city. Succeeding Dr.
John C. Warren in the Parkman Professorship of
Anatomy and Physiology at the Harvard Medical
School in 1S47, he found it necessary to relinquish
his private practice two years later, in order to give
his undivided attention to his medical lectures, and
he occupied that chair continuously for thirty-five
years, at the end of which time (1882) he was made
Professor " Emeritus." He was Dean of the Med-
ical School during his first six years' membership of
its Faculty, filled a Lectureship in 1863 and 1864,
and was University Lecturer in 1S71 and 1S72. Of
Doctor Holmes it may be truthfully said, that while
medicine and the education of its students was his
profession, literature, which served as a relief from
the prosy atmosphere of science was his occupation,
and all who are qualified to express an opinion will
readily agree that he excelled in both. His pro-
fessional learning and ability to clearly impart
his knowledge to others, are familiar to Harvard
Medical graduates of his day, all of whom profited
by his instruction, yet it is not with Professor Holmes
the Anatomist, that the English-speaking people are
familiar, but rather with Oliver Wendell Holmes the
versatile writer, poet and essayist. While in College
he relieved the monotony of study by writing poetry
which resulted in his being chosen Class Poet, and
prior to his graduation he collaborated with John O.
Sargent and Park Benjamin in preparing a small
volume of satirical effusions, called Poetical Illustra-
tions of the Athenseum Gallery of Paintings. Dur-
ing his professional studies both at home and abroad,
while residing at Dartmouth, and during his practice
in Boston, and throughout the long period of his
Professorship at Harvard, his facile pen was active
nearly every moment that could be conscientiously
spared from his professional duties. Harvard can
justly claim the honor of having inspired many of
his earlier productions of note, as well as some of
his later efforts, and many of the College society
gatherings were enlivened by his masterly combina-

tions of wit and humor, all of which reached the
printer and have happily been preserved. That class
of verse known as occasional poems was in his hands
decidedly more constant than intermittent, so regu-
larly and spontaneously did he furnish them to the
public ; the humorous, like The Deacon's One-Horse
Chaise, for its amusement, and The Last Leaf and
other sentimental efforts for its admiration. With
the establishment of the Atlantic Monthly, under
the Editorship of James Russell Lowell, he began
his series of papers known as The Autocrat at the
Breakfast-Table, which carried his name across
the Atlantic, making it as famous in England as in
America. These were enlarged from a similar series
contributed to Buckingham's New England ALaga-
zineini83i and 1832, and were subsequently fol-
lowed in the Monthly by the Professor at the
Breakfast-Table ; The Poet at the Breakfast-Table ;
and still later by Over the Tea-cups. His two nov-
els : The Professor's Story, later called Elsie Venner,
and The Guardian Angel, appeared in book form in
1859 and 1867 respectively. During the fifties Dr.
Holmes travelled quite extensively as a lyceum lec-
turer, choosing literary subjects, which he handled
in a most entertaining and instructive manner. His
published lectures, essays and addresses are numer-
ous, including discourses delivered before the Phi
Beta Kappa societies of Harvard and Yale, the Har-
vard Medical and Dental Schools, the Bellevue Hos-
pital College, New York, and the Lowell Institute.
Boston. For the Massachusetts Historical Society,
of which he was a member, he wrote memorials of
Longfellow and Emerson, and the American Acad-
emy of Arts and Sciences, of which he was for some
years the Vice-President, and the .American Philo-
sophical Society, to which he also belonged, fre-
quently heard him at his best. He was also President
of the Boston Medical Library .Association, member
of the Massachusetts Medical Society and of the
noted Literary or Saturday Club. Besides the de-
gree of Doctor of Laws conferred by Harvard in
1880 he received the same from Edinburgh and
those of Doctor of Literature and Doctor of Literary
Science from Cambridge and Oxford respectively ;
the three foreign degrees comprising a part of the
honors bestowed upon him while visiting England in
1 886. The last twelve years of his life were spent
in quiet retirement at his Beacon Street residence
in Boston, and the peaceful end, appropriately sug-
gestive of his peaceful life, came on October 7, 1894.
On June 19, 1840, Dr. Holmes married Amelia Lee
Jackson, daughter of Judge Charles Jackson, of the

UNIJT.RSITIKS JND '17 1 KIR SONS

297

Massachusetts Supreme Court. They hail two sons,
Oliver Wendell, Jr., now Associate Justice of the
State Supreme Court, and I'ldward Holmes, and
one daughter, .\mclia Jackson, wife of John Sumner
Sararent.

MINER, Alonzo Ames, 1814-1895.

Born in Lempster, N. H., 1814; educated at public
schools, academies, and under private instruction;
entered the Universalist ministry, 1838; held Pastor-
ates in Methuen and Lowell, Mass.; Pastor of the
Second Universalist Church, Boston, 1848 until his
death ; one of the founders of Tufts College ; Presi-
dent, 1862-75 ; Professor of Theology and Political
Economy and a liberal benefactor; identified with
educational affairs, numerous reform movements, so-
cieties and clubs ; Prohibition candidate for Governor
of Massachusetts, 1878, and for Mayor of Boston
1893; Overseer of Harvard 1861-67; widely known as
an advocate of legislative prohibition of the liquor
traffic; died, 1895.

ALONZO AMES MINER, S.T.D., I.L.D.,
Overseer of Harvard, was born in Lempster,
New Hampshire, August 17, 1814. His parents
were Benajah Ames and .\manda Carey Miner, both
of whom were of English origin, the common an-
cestor of the Careys having emigrated about the
middle of the eighteenth century, and the first
American ancestor on the paternal side, Thomas
Miner, who arrived at Boston with John Winthrop
in 1630, was a descendant of one Henry ISuUman,
of Somersetshire, wlio is said to have changed his
name to Miner in honor of his occu]Mtion, and was
the recipient of royal favors from King lulwanl HL
for his loyalty to the Crown. Tlie ( ommon schools
and academies of his native state furnished .\lonzo
,'\mes Miner ample opportunities for laying the
foundation of his education, which was subsequently
enhanced luider private instruction, and by his
natural aptitude for the acquisition of knowledge.
Prior to entering the Universalist ministry, 1S38, he
taught in public schools and private institutions,
and after preaching in Methuen and [>o\vell, Mas-
sachusetts, he was chosen in 1S4.S, to assist the
Apostle of Universalism in the United States, Rev.
Rosea Ballou in the Pastorship of the Second
Universalist Church, Boston. Succeeding to the
Pastorate in 1852 he occupied it continuously for
the rest of his life, occasionally having the assistance
of an associate, but for the most part performing the
pastoral functions unaided for over forty years, and
these together with the self-imposed outside duties,
which accumulated rather than diminished during

his later years could never have been accomplished
by a single indivitlual less determined than he to
oppose the inllux of evil upon a Christian com-
munity. Dr. Miner's labors in behalf of religion,
education, temperance and other reforms are a part
of the history of Boston for nearly the wliole of the
past half century, but they must necessarily be ab-
breviated in the present sketch. Besides his efforts
for the suppression of the liquor traffic by prohibitory
legislation, practically a life-work, which gave him a
national reputation, he accomplished much benefit
to the commiuiity by establishing other social re-

ALONZO A. MINER

forms; was from 1862 to 1875 President of Tufts
College, assisting in laying the corner-stone of its
first building in 1S54, holding the Chair of Theol-
ogy and Political Economy there a number of years,
donating a theological hall costing $40,000 and
otherwise aiding that institution ; was instrumental
in establishing the State Normal Art School, Boston ;
was a member of the State Board of Education ;
founded a number of organizations, philanthropic
and religious, and presided over others ; and enter-
ing the political fieUl for the sole purpose of the
legislative reforms which he so earnestly advocated,
he was nominated by the Prohibitionists for Gov-
ernor in 1878, anil for Mayor of Boston in 1S93.
Among his many Chairmanshii)s were those of the

298

UNU'ERSITIES JND THEIR SONS

Executive Committee of Tufts, the Board of Trus-
tees of the Bromfield School, Harvard, the Dean
Academy, Franivlin, Massachusetts, the Massachu-
setts Temperance AlHance, and the Committee of
One Hundred, Boston. Tufts gave him the hon-
orary degree of Master of Arts in 1861 and that of
Doctor of Laws in 1875, while Harvard honored
him with the Divinity degree in 1863, and he was
an Overseer of the latter University on the part of
the Commonwealth from i86i to 1867. Dr. Miner
died June 14, 1895. In his younger days he de-
voted some of his time to editorial work. His pub-
lished works comprise a number of special sermons ;
Old Forts Taken ; Bible Exercises, and Right and
Duly of Prohibition. He preached the last election
sermon before the Governor and General Court of
Massachusetts, prior to the abolishment of the cus-
tom by Act of Legislature in 1885. On August 24,
1836 he married Maria S. daughter of Captain Ed-
mund and Sarah Perley.

Josiah \\inslow, and served as an assistant from 1660
to 1686. In 1688 he accompanied the Colonial
Charter Deputation to England, and died in London
in September of that year.

NOWELL, Samuel, 1634-1688.

Born in Boston, Mass., 1634; graduated at Harvard,
1653; Tutor, Fellow, and Treasurer of the College;
died in London, Eng., 16S8.

SAMUEL NOWELL, A.M., Tutor, Fellow and
Treasurer of Harvard, was one of the first
white natives of Boston, the date of his birth being
according to the records, November 12, 1634, just
four years after the settlement of the town. His
parents accompanied Governor John Wiuthrop,
arriving on the " .\rabella " in '1630, and his father
Licreas Nowell, who came over as an " assistant,"
was chosen ruling elder, but resigned the latter
office as it embodied a union of the church with
the state, to which he was opposed. Dismissed from
his first Pastorate he assisted in establishing the
church in Charlestown, was appointed Commis-
sioner of Military Affairs in 1634, and served as
Colonial Secretary from 1644 to 1649. He wrote
and discoursed much against the custom of wearing
long hair. He died November i, 1655, and his
widow received a grant of one thousand acres of
land in the wilderness of New Hampshire in recog-
nition of his services. Samuel Nowell studied at
Harvard, graduating in 1653, and was subsequently
a Tutor, Fellow and Treasurer of the College, but
owing to the obscurity of the records the dates of
his appointment to these offices and the length of
time he occupied them cannot be correctly ascer-
tained. He was a Chaiilain in the Lidian "W'ar under

NANCREDE, Paul Joseph Guerard de,
1760-1841.

Born in France, 1760; served as an officer in the
Continental Army during the Revolutionary War; In-
structor in French at Harvard, 1787-1800; died in
Paris, 1841.

PAUL JOSEPH GUERARD DE NANCREDE,
Instructor in French at Harvard, was born in
France in 1760, and joined the French Army at an
early age. Accompanying Count Rochambeau to
America, he served as a Lieutenant under that
officer in the Continental Army, with distinction,
receiving at the Siege of Yorktown a wound of con-
siderable severity. Remaining in this country after
the close of hostilities he was secured as Instructor
in French at Harvard, serving in that capacity from
1787 to 1800, and in 1792 was the Editor of
L'Abeille Fran9aise. He resided in Philadelphia
for some time prior to his return to Europe, and
his death occurred in Paris in 1841. His son,
Joseph Guerard, became a well-known physician in
Philadelphia, and Nicholas de Nancrede, another
son, also practised medicine.

MORSE, Edward Sylvester. 1838-

Born in Portland, Me., 1838; educated at the Bethel,
Maine, Academy and the Lawrence Scientific School,
Harvard; Assistant to Professor Louis Agassiz for
some time; Professor of Comparative Anatomy and
Zoology at Bowdoin, 1871-74; Lecturer at Harvard,
1872-73; Professor of Zoology at the Imperial Univer-
sity of Japan, 1877-80; Director of the Peabody Acad-
emy of Sciences, Salem, Mass.; noted as a scientist,
lecturer and writer.

EDWARD SYLVESTER MORSE, A.M., Ph.D.,
Lecturer at Harvard, was born in Portland,
^L1ine, Jime 18, 1838. Having completed the
regular course at the .\cademy in Bethel, Maine, he
was engaged as draughtsman at the Portland Loco-
motive Works, and employed his spare moments
in the study of zoology. Encouraged by Professor
Louis Agassiz, whose attention had been called to
the progress he had already made, he entered the
Lawrence Scientific School, remaining there as
student and assistant until 1S62. Continuing his
scientific investigations in Salem, Massachusetts, in

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

299

1866, he assisted in establishing and for a time
in editing the American Naturalist, and was also
one of the organizers of the Peabody Academy
of Sciences. The Professorship of Comparative
Anatomy and Zoology at Bowdoin, which was ten-
dered him in 1871 he occupied until 1S74, in
which year he resumed his scientific work in Salem,
and while pursuing his researches in Japan, he was
induced by the government to accept the Chair of
Zoology at the Imperial University in Tokio. \\'hile
there he not only inaugurated and placed upon a
thoroughly constructed working basis the Depart-

EDWARD S. MORSE

ment of Natural History, but also paved the way for
the gathering of a zoological collection for the Im-
perial Museum. In recognition of this work he re-
ceived a Decoration from the Emperor. Resigning
his Professorship in 1879, he returned to Salem,
bringing with him an extensive collection of Jap-
anese pottery, considered by competent judges to
be the most valuable and unique in the world. His
scientific investigations in lajian also extended to the
pre-historic remains and in other directions. Pro-
fessor Morse was appointed Director of the Peabody
Academy of Sciences, Salem, in 1881. Harvard con-
ferred upon him an honorary degree of Master of Arts
in 1892, and the degree of Doctor of Philosophy
was conferred upon him by Howdoin in 1871. He

is a member of the American Philosophical Society,
and the National .\cademy of Sciences ; is a fellow
of the American .\cademy of .\rts and Sciences, and
was President of the American Association for the
.'\dvancement of Science from 1885 to 1 88 7. Be-
sides his College lectures he has spoken upon
scientific subjects throughout the country and de-
livered courses in the principal cities. He is the
inventor of several useful devices, chief among
which is an apparatus for heating and ventilating
apartments through the medium of the sun's rays.
His publications consist of numerous papers con-
tributed to the scientific periodicals, and non-tech-
nical articles for other standard journals; First
I5ook in Zoology wliich has been translated into
German and Japanese ; and Japanese Homes and
their Surroundings ; both of which contain illus-
trations from his own drawings. Professor Morse
was the first to class as worms the Brachiopods,
which had previously been considered moUusks, and
this discovery brought him to the notice of
the leading naturalists of Europe, including the
famous Charles Darwin. As indicating the va-
riety of his studies, may be mentionetl some
of the societies to which he has been elected.
He is a corresponding member of the Ethno-
logical and Anthropological Society, Berlin ; the
Japan Society, London ; British Association for
the .\dvancement of Science ; Academy of Natural
Sciences, American Philosophical Society, and Nu-
mismatic and Antiquarian Society, Philadelphia, and
the American Institute of Architects. He holds
honorary membership in the Boston Society of Ar-
chitects, and is an active member of the American
Antiquarian Society, American Society of Morphol-
ogists, Society of Naturalists, American Oriental
Society and others.

SARGENT, Dudley Allen, 1849-

Born in Belfast, Me., 1849 ; attended Belfast Public
Schools and Brunswick (Maine) High School; grad-
uated at Bowdoin 1875, and Yale Medical School 1878;
Director Bowdoin College Gymnasium 1869-75, in-
structor in Gymnastics at Yale 1872-78, Director Hem-
enway Gymnasium at Harvard since 1879; Chairman
Committee, Department of Health, American Social
Science Association, 1883-85: Chairman Committee on
School Hygiene, American Public Health Association,
1883-84; President of American Association for the
Advancement of Physical Education. 1890 and 1892-93;
Chairman Committee on Physical Education. World's
Congress Auxiliary, Columbian Exposition, 1893 ;
Member of Observation Committee, North American
Gymnastic Union, 1893-97 i member American Acad-

306

UNIVERSITIES JND THEIR SONS

emy of Political and Social Science, American Acad-
emy of Medicine, American Statistical Association,
Boston Society of Medical Science, and other societies
and associations.

DUDLEY ALLKN SARGENT, A.M., M.D.,
S.D., Director of the Hemenway Gymna-
sium, at Harvard, was born in Belfast, Maine,
September 28, 1849, son of Benjamin and Caroline
Jane (Rogers) Sargent. His ancestry is English,
and he comes of Puritan stock. He acquired his
early education in the public schools of Belfast,
prepared for College at the lirunswick (Maine)
High School, and was graduated from Bowdoin in

D. A. SARGENT

the Class of 1875. He graduated from Yale Medi-
cal School in January 1878, following which he
pursued post-graduate medical work in New York
during the spring and summer of that year. He
had ardently practised gymnastics and athletics
from early youth, and in 1S69 he became Director
of the Gymnasium at Bowdoin, which position he
held until 1875. He was also Instructor in Gym-
nastics at Yale from 1872 to 187S. In the fall of
1878 Dr. Sargent opened a gymnasium in New York
City, introducing the new system of gymnastic appa-
ratus and modern developing appliances. The fol-
lowing year he started a summer course in physical
training at Chatauqua. In the fall of 1879 he ac-
cepted the position of Director of the Hemenway

Gvmnasium at Harvard. Under his scientific and
systematic course of jihysical development, to quote-
Mr. Tliayer, the Harvard historian, — "the general
physiq\ie of the students has been steadily raised.
Men who a dozen years ago ranked among the first
class in 1 )r. Sargent's tests, would now fall into the
second or tiiird class ; and not only has the average
of the test been pushed far ahead, but the numbers
of those attaining to any class far exceed the relative
gain in tlie number of students." 1 )r. Sargent's repu-
tation as a physical educator has become national
and international, and he has been the recipient of
numerous official honors from various societies and
associations. He was Chairman of Committee,
Department of Health, American Social Science
Association, 1883-1885 ; Chairman of Committee on
School Hygiene, American Public Health Associa-
tion, 1 883-1 884 ; President of the American Associa-
tion for the Advancement of Physical Education,
1S90 and 1 892-1 893 ; Chairman of Committee on
Physical Education, World's Congress Auxiliary,
Columbian Exposition, 1893 ; and member of the
Observation Committee of the North American
Gymnastic Union, 1893-1897. Among his many
published articles and papers, which have appeared
mainly in various technical, secular, religious, educa-
tional, and juvenile periodicals, and a number of
which have been issued in book form, may be
mentioned the following: Handbook of Developing
Exercises ; Health and Strength Papers ; Physical
Education in Colleges ; The Exercise Suitable for a
Minister's Life ; In Case of Accident ; The Care of
the Body ; Physical Training in Homes and Train-
ing Schools ; Hints on Exercise ; Evils of the Pro-
fessional Tendency of Modern Athletics ; Physico-
Moral Education ; Physical Proportions of tlie
Typical Man; Physical Characteristics of the Ath-
lete ; Physical Development of Women ; Influence
of Gymnasium Exercise on the Health of .Students
at Harvard ; The Gymnasium of a Great University ;
Regulation and Management of Athletic Sports ;
Physical State of the American People ; Phy-
sical Exercise and Longevity, etc. Among the
organizations in which he holds membership are
the American Association for the Advancement of
Science, American Association for the Advancement
of Physical Education, American Public Health
Association, American Academy of Political and
Social Science, American Academy of Medicine,
American Statistical Association, Boston Society of
Natural History, and the Boston Society of Medical
Sciences. He is also a member of the Boston

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

301

Atlilctic Association and the Cambridge Colonial
Club. In politics Dr. Sargent is an Independent.
He was married April 7, 18S1, to I'lUa P'razer Led-
yard ; they have one child, a son : Ledyard Sargent.

WINSOR, Justin, 1831-1897.

Born in Boston, Mass., 1831 ; graduated at Harvard,
1853: completed his studies in Paris and Heidelberg;
appointed Superintendent of the Boston Public Library,
1868; Librarian of Harvard 1877 till death; noted his-
torical writer; member of numerous learned bodies;
died in Cambridge, 1897.

JUSTIN WINSOR, LL.D., Librarian of Harvard,
was born in Boston, January 2, 1831, son of
Nathaniel and Ann T. II. Winsor. He attended
the public schools including the Boston Latin
School from which lie entered the Class of 1S53 at
Harvard, and after finishing his collegiate course he
spent some time in pursuit of special studies at
Paris and Heidelberg. Of the various professions
open to a yoinig man of excellent learning, the most
attractive to young Winsor was that of literature,
and especially bibliography, with which he was
destined to become so closely identified. Study
and experience, the stepping-stones to a successful
professional career, eventually gave him an oppor-
tunity to demonstrate his ability in a public capacity,
as he was selected in 1S68 for the Superintendency
of the Boston Public Library, and the beneficial
results of his labors in behalf of that institution were
both numerous and far reaching. But the City of
Boston was not permitted to retain his services for
a long period ; as the time came when Harvard
was confronted with the immediate need of just
such a man to take charge of the great University
Library, and it seemed as natural for the College to
summon her distinguished son to the vacant post,
as it was dutiful for him to obey. From 1877 until
his death, Justin Winsor filled with marked ability
the honorable yet arduous position of Librarian at
Harvard, and throughout his long term of service
his interest was not alone concentrated in guarding
and preserving the many rare and priceless treas-
ures contained in a collection which had been
accumulating for two hundred and fifty years, as the
students received a large share of his time and the
fruits of his knowledge were bestowed upon them
without reserve. Within the sphere of library
science, or the relative value of books and their
systeinatic classification, he was probably without a
peer, and his advice was considered indispensable
by other Universities about to erect new library

buildings. As a student of bibliography, he care-
fiilly canvassed the field of literature with a view of
ascertaining its fullest extent and also its needs, and
by so doing was in a measure able to cover the
neglected ground through his own literary efforts,
which were numerous and confined chiefly to
American histriography. As a writer he was not,
however, identified with history alone as a list
of his publications show that he handled other
stdijects, and his critics agree that he treated them
equally well. He was one of the founders and for
ten years President of the American Library Associa-

JUSTIN WINSOR

tion ; was for some time President of the American
Historical Association; Corresponding Secretary and
Vice-President of the Massachusetts Historical So-
ciety ; was a fellow of the American Academy of Arts
and Sciences ; member of the American Philosophical
Society ; honorary member of the Royal Society of
Canada, and the Literary and Historical Society
of Quebec ; and honorary corresponding member
of the Royal Geographical Society of London. In
1887 the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws was
conferred upon him by the University of Michigan,
and the same by Williams at its centennial cele-
bration in 1893. Besides his works relating to
American History (volumes and pamphlets number-
ing some eighteen or twenty in all"), he ]niblished :

302

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

Bibliography of the Original Quartos and P'olios of
Shakespeare ; Was Shakespeare Shapleigh ? A Cor-
respondence in Two Entanglements ; a skit aimed at
the Baconian Theory ; other Shakespearian essays :
Bibliograpliy of Ptolemy's Geography ; The Kohl
Collection of Early Maps ; and a Calendar of the
Sparks' Manuscripts in Harvard College Library. He
edited Harvard University Bulletin, and Bibliographi-
cal Contributions for about twenty years, and the
Records of the two hundred and fiftieth Anniversary
of the Founding of Harvard College, 1887. In 1855
Mr. Winsor married Miss Caroline T. Barker, daughter
of Ebenezer and Sally (Fuller) Barker.

Mason, was a descendant of Captain Hugh Mason,
while his mother, Mary Frances (Bigelow) Mason,
was a descendant of John Bigelow. After passing
througli the public schools at Framingham, he
entered Harvard, where he graduated in 1882.
During College vacations and at other intervals he
had been a telegraph operator, clerk and station
agent of the Old Colony Railroad, and this naturally
led him to look toward the railroad business for an
occupation. After leaving College his first position
was that of clerk in the Treasurer's Office of the
Mexican Central Railroad Company. From that
position he was promoted successively to the posi-

MANNING, William, 1619-1692.

Born in England, 1619; emigrated with his parents
to Cambridge, Mass.; served as a Selectman, and was
appointed by the General Court to superintend the
erection of Harvard Hall ; died in Cambridge, Mass.,
1692.

WILLIAM M.ANNING, under whose direction
the first building at Harvard was con-
structed, was born in England about tlie year 1619,
and emigrated with his parents to New England.
He was of Saxon origin and representative of an old
fimily whose ancestors crossed over from Germany
to England during the fourth century. His fother,
also named William, who settled in Cambridge,
Massachusetts as early as 1638, was a prosperous
merchant and vessel-owner, and one of the original
members of the First Church in that settlement.
The son was actively concerned in the early public
affairs of Cambridge, serving upon the Board of
Selectmen, and in company with Deacon John
Cooper was chosen by the General Court to collect
the funds available for the erection of Harvard Hall,
to superintend its construction, and to see that
the money was properly dispersed. He died in
Cambridge, Massachusetts, March 14, 1692.

MASON, Charles Frank, 1860-

Born in Medfield, Mass., i860; graduated at Har-
vard, 1882 ; connected with the Mexican Central Rail-
road Company, and afterwards with the Old Colony
Railroad ; Bursar of Harvard ; member of the School
Committee of Watertown 1895-98; member of the
Colonial Society, Society of Colonial Wars and Sons
of the Revolution.

CHARLES FRANK MASON, Bursar of Har-
vard, was born in Medfield, Massachusetts,
April 73, i860. His father, Francis Eliphalet

'-' ,.^-

CHARLES F. M.ASON

tions of clerk, Storekeeper and Cashier of the Tam-
pico division. At Tampico he remained until
January, 1884. A few months later he became
connected with the Old Colony Railroad and in two
years was made Chief Clerk in the General Freight
Office of that road. There he remained until June
1888, when he was called to the position of Bursar
at Harvard. Mr. Mason is a member of the Colo-
nial Society, the Society of Colonial Wars and the
Sons of the Revolution, and has served three years
as a member of tlie School Committee of Watertown,
Massachusetts, where he has lived for the past eleven
years. He married September 23, 1886, Helen
Ripley Baker of Revere, Massachusetts, and has two
children : Hugh and Helen Elizabeth Mason.

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

303

BREIDENBAUGH, Edward Swoyer, 1849-

Born in Newville, Pa., 1849; graduated from Penn-
sylvania College 1868. and from Sheffield Scientific
School 1873; Assistant Instructor there during the
latter year ; Professor of Natural Sciences at Carthage
(111.) College 1873 ; chosen Professor of Chemistry and
Mineralogy at Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg, Pa.,
1874; was Mineralogist of the State Board of Agricul-
ture 1880-1884.

EDWARD SWOVER BREIDENBAUGH, U..\.,
Sc.D., formerly Assistant Instructor at Yale,
anil now Professor in Pennsylvania College, Gettys-
burg, Pennsylvania, was born in Newville, Cumber-
land county, Pemisylvania, January 13, 1849. His
classical course was pursued at Pennsylvania College,
from which he was graduated in 186S, and from
1S71 to 1 8 73 he st\iilicd Chemistry at the Sheffield
Scientific School of Yale, holding the position of
Assistant Instructor in that Department during his
last year. For a year beginning in 1873, he was
Professor of Natural Sciences at the Carthage
(Illinois) College, and in 1874 was called to the
Chair of Chemistry and Mineralogy at Pennsylvania
College. Professor Breidenbaugh was appointed
Mineralogist of the Pennsylvania Board of Agricul-
ture in 1880 and continued as such imtil 18S4 dur-
ing which time he rendered valuable services as an
investigator of the state's mineral resources. His
most notable contributions to scientific literature
are : Analysis of Connecticut Tobacco Ash ; The
Minerals of the Tilly Foster Mine ; Fermentation
and Germ Theory ; Concerning Certain Miscon-
ceptions in Considering the Relations between
Science and Religion ; The Nitrogenous Element
of Plant Food ; Mineralogy on the Farm ; Lecture
Notes on Inorganic Chemistry ; and Pennsylvania
College Book.

born in New Haven, Connecticut, February 18,
1856, son of Horace Horatio and iMiiily Eliza
(Doane) Chittenden. He is of English origin, and
his first American ancestor on the paternal side
settled at Guilford, Connecticut, in 1639. His pre-
liminary education was acquired in the public and
private schools of New Haven. His scientific studies
were pursued at the Sheffield Scientific School, Yale,
from which he was graduated in 1875, and at the Uni-
versity of Heidelberg, where he was for some time
associated with Professor Kiihne in researches in phy-
siological chemistry. Immediately after graduating

R. H. CHHTENDEN

CHITTENDEN, Russell Henry, 1856-

Born in New Haven, Conn , 1856 ; studied at Yale and
at the University of Heidelberg, graduating from the
Scientific Department of the former in 1875; Assis-
tant Instructor in the Sheffield Laboratory, 1875-1876;
Instructor in Physiological Chemistry 1876 and suc-
ceeding years; appointed Professor of the same de-
partment at Yale and a member of the Governing
Board of the Sheffield Scientific School. 1882 ; author of
numerous scientific contributions to American and
foreign journals ; appointed Director of the Sheffield
Scientific School in December i8g8.

RUSSELL HENRY CHI'ITENDEN, Ph.D.,
Professor of Physiological Chemistry at Yale
and Director of the Sheffield Scientific School, was

from Sheffield he was made Assistant Instructor
in Chemistry and was Instructor in Physiological
Chemistry at Yale during the years 1876-1882 ;
and in the latter year was called to the Chair
of that Department. He is also Director of
the Department of Physiological Chemistry at the
College of Physicians and Surgeons connected with
Columbia, and in 1898 he was elected to succeed
Professor Brush as Director of the Sheffield Scien-
tific School. Professor Chittenden received the
degree of Bachelor of Philosophy from Yale in
1875, and that of Doctor of Philosophy from the
same University in 1880. He is widely known
among physiological chemists both in the United
States and Europe and has frequently been called

3^4

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

upon to testify as an expert in criminal trials. He
was Presitlent of the American Society of Natural-
ists in 1S93, President of the American Physiologi-
cal Society since 1896, and Vice-President of the
Congress of American Physicians and Surgeons in
1S97 ; belongs to the National Academy of Sciences,
the American Physiological Society, the Connecticut
Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Chemi-
cal Society, and is a fellow of the American Asso-
ciation for the Advancement of Science. As a
writer he has displayed unusual industry for one of
his years, and besides editing a series of studies in
Physiological Chemistry (three volumes), and pub-
lishing a volume on the chemical processes of
digestion papers from his pen to the number of one
hundred, the majority embodying the results of
original research in physiological chemistry, have
appeared in the scientific periodicals of America
and Europe. On June 20, 1S77 Professor Chitten-
den married (iertrude Louise Baldwin ; they have
three children : Edith R., Alfred Knight and Lilla
Millard Chittenden.

CLARK, Sheldon, 1785-1840.

Born in Oxford, Conn., 1785; studied at Yale;
founded a Professorship and Scholarship and other-
wise benefited that College. Died, 1840.

SHELDON CLARK, Benefactor of Yale, was
born in Oxford, Connecticut, January 31,
1785. Though not a regular student at Yale, he
took a special course there under President Dwight,
and after its completion he turned his attention to
agricultural pursuits. Desiring to assist in extend-
ing the curricuhmi. in 1823 he placed in the hands
of the Corporation the sum of $5,000, which in
twenty-three years at compound interest accumu-
lated into a fund of 820,000, thus making possible
in 1846 the establishment of the Clark Professorship
of Moral Philosophy. Mr. Clark continued his ben-
efactions by founding a scholarship and purchasing
an astronomical telescope, and at his death, which
occurred April 10, 1840, he left to the College a leg-
acy of ;?i5,ooo. He was the author of a number of
pamphlets, and left unpublished several articles upon
economical, metaphysical and financial subjects.

Kansas State Agricultural College, 1888; B.A. Yale,
1895; Instructor in Mathematics Yale, 1897-98.

CL1:MENT GEORGl': CLARKE, Instructor
at Yale, was born at Candor, New York,
February 21, 1869, son of Leroy and ALartha
(Scovel) Clarke. He prepared for College in the
country district schools of Kansas and Iowa, and
graduated from the Kansas State Agricultural Col-
lege in 1:88. He spent four years at Yale subse-
(juently, acquired the degree of Bachelor of Arts in
1895 and remained in the Graduate Department of
the University until 1898. He taught two years in

CLEMENT G. CL.^RKE

the country schools before coming to Yale and in
1 896-1 898 was Instructor in Mathematics in the
Academic Department of Yale. Mr. Clarke took
the De Forest medal in 1895, ^""^ i^ preparing
for the ministry. In politics he is an Independent
Republican. He was married June 11, 1891, to
Mattie Cobb, and has two children : Helen Isabel
(1894). and Dana Cobb Clarke (1S98).

CLARKE, Clement George, 1869-

Born in Candor, N. Y., 1869; prepared for College in
the district schools of Kansas and Iowa; B.Sc.

CREELMAN, Harlan, 1864-

Born in Maitland, N. S., 1864; prepared for College
at Maitland and at Fredericton, N. B., University of
New Brunswick partial course in Class of '84; gradu-
ated State Normal School, Castine, Me., 1885; B.D.

UNIJ'KRSITIES AND TIlKlli SONS

3°5

Yale Divinity School, 1889; Ph D., Yale. 1894; Pastor
Congregational Church, Worthington. Mass., 1889-93 ;
Instructor in Biblical Literature. Yale, 1893.

HAKIAN CRKKLMAN, Ph.D., Instructor at
Vale, was born in Maitland, Nova Scotia,
on November 15, 1864, son of William and Nancy
(Cox) Creelman. His ancestors were Scotch-Irish
and came from the North of Ireland. Mr. Creel-
man's early education was acquired in the public
schools of his native town and at the Collegiate
School of Fredericton, New Brunswick. He took a
partial course in the Class of 18S4 at the University

law in New York; Tutor at Yale. 1851 . Instructor in
Sacred Literature at Union Theological Seminary
1858 and Professor there 1862; Professor of Hebrew
Language and Literature at Yale, 1861-1862 ; assisted
in the work of the United States Sanitary Commission
1864, and contracted a fever from which he did not
recover; died in Washington, D. C, 1864.

HENRY HAMILTON IIAI)LI;Y, Professor ot
Hebrew Language and Literature at Yale,
was born in Fairfield, New York, July 19, 1826.
Graduating from Yale in 1S47 with the highest
honors, he subsequently completed a theological
course at the Andover (Massachusetts) Seminary,
and also devoted some time to the study of law m
New York. Returning to Yale as a Tutor in 1851,
he went through a systematic course of Hebrew and
Old Testament scriptures, was chosen an Instructor
in Sacred Literature at the Union Theological Semi-
nary in 1858, and in 1S62 became Professor of
Hebrew. He also occupied the same chair at the
Yale Divinity School. During the Civil War Pro-
fessor Hadley purchased the enlistment of two men
and was only prevented from enrolling his own
name by the earnest remonstrance of his friends.
In the summer of 1S64 he went to City Point,
Virginia, for the purpose of assisting in the work of
the United States Sanitary Commission, and con-
tracted a fever, from the effects of which he died at
the National Capital, August i of that year. His
only contributions to literature were those printed
in the American Tlieological Review.

HARLAN CREELMAN

of New Brunswick, and graduated from the State
Normal School of Castine, Maine, in 18S5. He
acquired the degree of Bachelor of Divinity at the
Yale Divinity School in 1889, and that of Doctor of
Philosophy from the University in 1894. From
1889 to 1S93 Mr. Creelman was Pastor of the
Congregational Church in Worthington, Massachu-
setts, when he came to Yale to act as Instructor in
Biblical Literature. He is a member of the Society
of Biblical Literature and Exegesis. He was mar-
rietl June 15, 1892, to Josephine Thorp Rice.

HADLEY, Henry Hamilton. 1826-1864.

Born in Fairfield, New York, 1826; graduated at
Yale, 1847; studied theology in Andover, Mass., and
VOL. II. — 20

HARPER, William Rainey, 1856-

Born in New Concord. O., 1856 ; educated at Mus-
kingum, that state ; Professor of Hebrew and Oriental
Languages at the Baptist Union Theological Semi-
nary. Chicago; Professor of Semitic Languages Yale
1886-1891 and of Biblical Literature 1889-1891; and
President of the University of Chicago.

WHJJAM RAINEY HARPER, Ph.D., D.D.,
LL.D., formerly Professor of Semitic Lan-
guages and Biblical Literature at Yale, now Presi-
dent of the University of Chicago, was born in New
Concord, Ohio, July 26, 1856. Muskingum College,
a seat of learning in his birth-place afforded him an
ample opportunity for a classical education, and his
Bachelor's and Master's degrees were taken there,
the former in 1870. He was a graduate student
at Yale 1873-1S75, and received the degree
of Doctor of Philosophy. In College he de-
veloped a decided taste for the study of He-
brew, which he subsequently mastered so abso-

3o6

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

lately as to nttr;ict the attention of tlie governinj^
board of the IJaplist Union 'I'heological Seminary,
Ciiicago, wiiicii summoned him from the life of a
student to that of an advanced educator, offering
him the Cliair of Hebrew and the Oriental Lan-
guages, which he accepted in 1S79. Called from
the West to Vale as Professor of Semitic Languages
in 1 88 7, he occupied that Chair till 1S91 and also
the Woolsey Professorshi]) of Piblical Literature
from 1SS9. He was afterward summoned to the
Presidential Chair of the LTniversity of Chicago.
President Harper was made a Bachelor of Divinity
by the Baptist Union Theological Seminary in iSSi,a
Doctor of Divinity by Colby in 1891 and a Doctor of
Laws by the Lnriversity of Nebraska in 1893. He
has prepared a number of Hebrew text-books, and
edited Hebraica and the Old Testament Stutlent.

HERRICK, Edward Claudius, 1811-1862.

Born in New Haven, Conn., i8n ; astronomer,
meteorologist, and entomologist ; Librarian and Treas-
urer of Yale ; prepared the triennial catalogue and the
obituary records ; was Superintendent of the College
property; died 1862.

EDWARD CLAUDIUS HERRICK, M.A., Li-
brarian and Treasurer of Yale, was born in
New Haven, Connecticut, February 24, iSii. Pro-
vided with an academic education he became a
bookseller, but relinquished that business in order
to accept the post of Librarian at Yale in 1843, and
was appointed Treasurer in 1852. The former office
he resigned in 1858 for the purpose of devoting
more time to the College finances, the triennial cata-
logue and the annual obituary records, in the prep-
aration of which he had been appointed to succeed
Professor James L. Kingsley. In addition to the
above he was intrusted with the supervision of the
College property, yet he found time to study as-
tronomy, meteorology and entomology, becoming
proficient in each and conducting some important
investigations. Mr. Herrick died June 11, 1862.
In 1838 he received the honorary degree of Master
of Arts from Yale. He contributed several valuable
papers to the American Journal of Science, one of
which relative to the Hessian fly, was the result of
nine years of investigation.

1894; employed in railroad offices, 1878-82; Y.M.C A.
work 1887-89; Instructor in Histology, Yale Medical
School, 1891-93; Assistant in Pathology, Yale Medical
School, 1896.

R()I!1:RT ORTON moody, M.D., Assistant
at Yale, was born in Buffalo, New York,
October iS, 1864, son of Lucius Wilbur and Mary
Blair Moody. LTntil he was eleven years old he was
educated by his mother. He then spent three years
in the Buffalo public schools. In 1878 he became
messenger in the train despatcher's office of the
Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railroad at Buffalo.
In 1880 he was promoted to the position of night

MOODY, Robert Orton, 1864-

Born at Buffalo, N. Y., 1864; early education, at
home, Buffalo Public Schools and Buffalo State Nor-
mal School; B.S., Cornell, 1891 ; Yale Medical School,

ROBERT ORTON MOODY

telegraph operator at Angola, New York, where he
remained until 1882. The next two years were
spent in attendance at the Buffalo State Normal
School from which he graduated. In 1885, having
won a slate scholarship, at Cornell, he entered that
University, but retnained only until the end of his
Sophomore year, at which time he becarne General
Secretary of the Young Men's Christian .'Association
at Corning, New York, and in 1S89 General Secre-
tary at Stamford, Connecticut. In September of
that year Mr. Moody returned to Cornell and com-
pleted his course, graduating in 1891. From 1891
to 1893 he was Instructor in Histology in the Yale
Medical School. In 1894 he graduated from Yale
Medical School with honors, .\fter a year of gradu-

UNIVERSITIES JND THEIR SONS

307

ate study in New York, he returned to New Haven
where he is at present engaged in the active practice
of his profession. In 1896 he was appointed Assis-
tant in I'atliology, and holds that position now. In
1892 he was elected a fellow of the American Asso-
ciation for the Advancement of Science. Dr. Moody
is a member of the American Microscopical Society,
the Association of American Anatomists, the Con-
necticut State Medical Society, and of the New
Haven Medical Society.

FLEISCHNER, Henry, 1845-

Born in Bohemia, 1845; early education Lancasterian
School, New Haven; M.D. Yale Medical School, 1878;
practised medicine in New Haven, 1878-

HKNRY FL1!:ISCHN1':R, M.D., Lecturer in
the Yale Medical School, was born June 24,
1845, at New Zoedisch, Hohemia, son of Samuel
and Charlotte (Nadler) Fleischner. The family is
of Jewish origin, having settled in Northern I'.ohemia
in the fourteenth century, during the reign of Charles
IV. He acquired his early education at the Lan-
casterian School of New Haven, and graduated from

WHITE, Andrew Judson, 1824-1898.

Born in Canterbury, Conn., 1824; entered Yale in
the Class of 1846 but did not graduate ; graduated from
the Yale Medical School, 1846; entered the wholesale
drug business in New York and London; President of
the Yost Typewriting Company ; Director of the
Union Typewriting Co.; built White Hall at Yale;
died in London, Eng., 1898.

ANDREW JUDSON WHITE, M.D., Bene-
factor of Yale, was born in Canterbury,
Connecticut, May 9, 1824. He entered Yale with
the Class of 1846, but did not complete the Acade-
mic course, entering instead the Yale Medical
School, from which he graduated in 1846. Dr.
White did not take up active practice, but was for
many years engaged in the wholesale drug business
in New York and London, from which he made a
handsome fortune. As a capitalist he was connected
with wide business interests, was for many years
President of the Yost Typewriting Company, and
later a Director in the Union Typewriting Company,
a combination of all the leading typewriter com-
panies. In November 1894, Dr. White presented
Yale with funds amounting to more than $160,000
for a new dormitory which was given the name of
White Hall by the Corporation in honor of its
donor. Much care was taken in its construction
and it is regarded as a model dormitory. I'esides
including suites of rooms for nearly a hundred stu-
dents, it was provided at the suggestion of Dr.
White's son, with rooms for all the College periodi-
cals and later rooms were furnished for the Political
Science Club, and for the Phi lieta Kappa Society.
Dr. White had not of late years been actively en-
gaged in business enterprises, although he held his
Directorship in the Union Typewriting Company at
the time of his death. He resided in London much
of his life, and died there September 23, 1898, after
a long illness, leaving a widow and a son, Raymond
S. White, who grailuated from Yale in 1895.

HENRY FLEISCHNER

the Yale Medical School in 1S78, when he entered
upon active practice in New Haven. Doctor Fleisch-
ner has been President of the Health Board of
New Haven, President of the New Haven Medical
Association (1887), Secretary of that Association
( 1 880-1 886), President of the New Haven County
Medical Association (t888). He has been Attend-
ing Physician at the New Haven Hospital since
1880; he was appointed Chief of the Clinic of the
New Haven Dispensary in 1878, and Lecturer on
Dermatology and Clinical Medicine at Yale in 1882.
He is a member of the Connecticut Medical Society,
and of the New Haven Medical .\ssociation. Doctor
Fleischner was married January 3, 1882, to Sarah
Duffie, and has one daughter: I'.lizabeth Fleisclmer.

!08

UNIVERSITIES JND T'HEIR SONS

BEACH, Abraham, 1740-1828.

Born in Cheshire, Conn., 1740; graduated at Yale
1757; studied for the Episcopal Ministry and took
orders in England ; had charge of a Mission Church in
New Brunswick, N. J., 1767-1784; was Assistant Min-
ister at Trinity Church, New York City, 1784-1813; one
of the early Trustees of Queen's College, now Rut-
gers ; Regent of the University of the State of New
York ; Trustee of Columbia and Clerk of the Board ;
died 1828

ABRAHAM BEACH, S.'I'.D., 'I'rustee of
Columbia, was born in Cliesiiire, Con-
necticut, September 9, 1740. He was a grad-
uate of Yale, and valedictorian of the Class
of 1757, after which he embraced the Epis-
copal faith, studied Divinity and was ordained in
England. From 1767 to 1784 he was engaged in
missionary work in New Brunswick, New Jersey,
and during the Revolutionary War his church was
closed. In 1784 he was appointed Associate Rector
of Trinity Church, New York City, where he re-
mained until his retirement from the ministry in
1813, and the rest of his life was spent upon his
farm near New Brunswick. He died September
14, 1828. Dr. Beach was actively interested in
religious, benevolent and educational institutions.
He was one of the early Trustees of Queen's Col-
lege, New Brunswick, afterwards changed to Rutgers,
and was chosen a Regent of the University of the
State of New York in 1786. In the following year
he became a Trustee of Columbia, which gave him
the degree of Doctor of Divinity iii 1789, continued
in that capacity until 1813, and was Clerk of the
Board for a number of years.

BAKER, George Hall, 1850-

Born in Ashfield, Mass., 1850; fitted for College at
\A^illiston Seminary, Easthampton; entered Amherst
College, graduating in 1874 ; took one year's post-
graduate study at Amherst, and spent the following
two years studying history and political science in
German Universities ; on his return engaged in private
teaching and literary work in Boston ; joined the Cen-
tury Dictionary staff in 1883: in the same year was
appointed to the library staff of Columbia, having
charge of the Departments of Law, History and
Political Science ; acting Librarian during 1888 ; Libra-
rian-in-Chief, 1889.

GEORGE HALL BAKER, A. M., Librarian of
Columbia, is a native of the Bay State,
having been born in Ashfield, Massachusetts, April
23, 1850. His father and mother, Charles and
Wealthy Warriner Baker, were both descended from
the old Puritan stock which laid the stable founda-

tions of the New luigland of to-day. As a boy
Cieorge Hall Baker attended the common schools of
his native county. He fitted for College at Willis-
ton Seminary, Easthampton, Massachusetts, and
then entered Amherst, graduating in 1S74. He
took one year's post-graduate course at Amherst,
and then went abroad, spending the two following
years in German LTniversities obtaining a thorough
mastery of history and political science. After his
return from Berlin Mr. Baker was for some years
engaged in private teaching and literary work in
Boston. He joined the staff engaged on the Cen-

GEO. H. BAKER

tury Dictionary in 1SS3, and until August of that
year worked on definitions of terms in political
science and history. He was then made a member
of the library staff of Columbia, having charge of
the De])artments of Law, History and Political
.Science. During 1SS8 he was acting Librarian, and
he became I.ibrarian-in- Chief in May 18S9. The
work that has been accomplished there during his
incumbency may be realized when it is stated that
the Librarv, which in 1889 contained about ninety
thousand volumes, with crude and antiquated cat-
alogues, now contains two hundred and seventy
thousand \ohmics, catalogued according to the
most approved metliods, and its use has increased
seven-fold. Mr. Baker's multifarious duties in con-
nection witli his library work have left him little

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

309

time for literary work, and he belongs to few clubs
— cliielly societies connected with his profession.
He has, liowever, found time to take an active part in
all efforts for better municipal government in New
York City. He married, July 14, 1S75, Miss Ellen
E. Adkins of Ikattleboro, Vermont, and has four
children : George F., Charles A., Helen J., anil Ray-
mond Hall Baker.

BECK, Charles Bathgate, 1853-1893.

Born in 1853: graduated at Columbia, 1877, and from
Columbia Law School, 1879; received the A.M. degree
from Columbia, 1879; endowed a scholarship, also the
Law School; died at N. Y. City, 1893.

IHARLES BATHGATE BECK, A.M., Bene-
factor of Columbia, was born in 1S53, and
was graduated at Columbia in 1S77. He then at-
tended Columbia Law School, from which he was
graduated in 1879, in the same year receiving the de-
gree of Master of Arts from the College. Mr. Beck
became an owner of extensive real estate in New York
and vicinity. On his death, which took place in New
York in 1893, he bequeathed to three Colleges the
residue of his estate, of which 8300,000 was realized
by Columbia. He also left a legacy of $10,000 to
found a free scholarship in the College and a prize
to be competed for annually in the Law School.

BETTS, William, 1802-1884.

Born in the West Indies, 1802 ; completed his educa-
tion at Union and Columbia ; became a lawyer of prom-
inence; was Professor of Law at Columbia; a Trustee
forty-two years and Clerk of the Board twenty-four
years ; died 1884.

WILLIAM BETTS, LL.D., Law Professor
and a Trustee of Columbia, was born at
Bechsgrove, Island of St. Croix, West Indies, Jan-
uary 28, 1802. Having acquired the preliminary
branches of his education on the Island of Jamaica,
he studied a year at Union College, New York, and
was graduated at Columbia in 1820, receiving his
Master's degree in course. After completing his
law studies he entered into practice with Beverley
Robinson, and was for many years in charge of the
legal affairs of several extensive business corpora-
tions. From 1848 to 1854 he held the Professor-
ship of Law at Columbia, and received the honorary
degree of Doctor of Laws in 1850. Dr. Betts was
appointed a Trustee of Columbia and its Medical
Department in 1842, was Clerk of the Board from

1850 to 1874, and continued a member of that body
until his death, which occurred at Jamaica, Long
Island, July 5, 1884.

BOAG, Edward Thomas, 1842-

Born in Abbeville, S. C, 1842; received his early
education at the Bishop's School of Charleston; came
North, and spent one year in study at the College of
the City of New York ; in business until the outbreak
of the Civil War, when he entered the army of the
Confederacy and served through the war ; came North
again after the close of the Civil War; was appointed
Registrar of the College of Physicians and Surgeons
in November, 1848, and so continues.

DWARD THOMAS BOAG, Registrar in Med-

town of Abbeville, South Carolina, May 17, 1S42.

E. T. BOAG

His father, .SanniL-l William Boag, was the son of a
distinguished surgeon of the British Navy, and his
mother, Floride Judith Gaillard, a daughter of
Judge Theodore Gaillard of Charleston, was de-
scended from one of the first Huguenot settlers of
the Colony. Edward Thomas Boag received his
early education in tlie famous Bishop's School of
Charleston. He came to New York when but a
youth and spent one year in public school and
entered the College of the City of New York.
Leaving there, he obtained a position as clerk in a

3IO

UNIVERSITIES JND THEIR SONS

dry-goods store, where he continued until the out-
break of the Civil War. When it became apparent
that a struggle (between the North and South was
inevitable, Mr. Boag cast in his fortunes with his
native state, and enlisted in llie First South Carolina
Infantry. He became Color-Sergeant of his reg-
iment, and served with it until desperately wounded
in the batde of Fredericksburg in 1862. He served
through the war in various civil positions, rendering
distinguished service. At the close of the war he
returned to New York and obtained a position as
entry clerk in A. T. Stewart's dry-goods store. He
married, July i, 1868, Mary Amelia Dewees of Vir-
ginia. They have three children : William L., Jane
Gaillard and Gaillard Thomas lioag. In November
1868 he was appointed Clerk, afterward changed to
Registrar of the New York City College of Physi-
cians and Surgeons, and has filled the position ever
since. He is a member of the Society of Confeder-
ate Veterans of New York City. His political views
are those of a stanch and unswer\ing Democrat.

Dr. llidwell died October 24, 1S72. The honorary
degree of Doctor of Laws was conferred upon him
by Union in 1S43, and by Yale in 1S5S.

BIDWELL, Marshall Spring, 1798-1872.

Born in New England, 1798; went to Canada when
young ; acquired prominence as a lawyer and politician ;
member of the Canadian Parliament several years and
Speaker of the House two terms; removed to New
York City where he practised his profession success-
fully for many years ; Lectured in the Law Department
of Columbia from i860 until his death in 1872.

MARSHALL SPRING BIDWELL, LL.D.,
Law Lecturer at Columbia, was born
in New England in 1798. When a young man
he applied himself to the study and prac-
tice of law in Canada, and attained prominence
in that profession. He was also active in political
affairs being a member of the Canadian Parliament
for Toronto and Kingston a number of years, and
was Speaker of the House during two sessions.
His violent antagonism of the Government as leader
of the Liberal Party during the Rebellion of 1S37,
caused his expulsion from the British Dominion,
and settling in New York City he soon became
noted in the metropolis for his brilliant legal attain-
ments. For some years he was President of the
oldest savings bank in the city, was a Director of
the American Bible Society, and one of the leading
members of the New York Historical Society. He
was an able expounder of theoretical as well as
practical law, and liis labors in behalf of Columbia
as Lecturer in the Law Department from 1S60 to
1872, were extremely beneficial to that institution.

BLATCHFORD, Samuel, 1820-1893.

Born in New York, 1820: educated at Columbia;
Private Secretary to Governor William H. Seward for
some time, admitted to the Bar, and became a Coun-
sellor of the Supreme Court; appointed Judge of the
United States District Court, 1867 ; Judge of the
United States Circuit Court, 1878 ; Associate Justice of
the United States Supreme Court, 1882 ; and was a
Trustee of Columbia from 1867 until his death in 1893.

SAMUEL BLATCHFORD, LL.D., Trustee of
Columbia, was born in New York, March
9, 1S20. He was a son of Richard Blatchford, a
prominent lawyer of the metropolis and at one time
financial agent and counsel in the LInited States for
the Bank of England. Graduating from Columbia
with the Class of 1837, Samuel Blatchford was
subsequently chosen Private Secretary to Governor
William H. Seward and was Military Secretary on
the latter's staff". He was admitted to the Bar in
1842, became a Counsellor of the Supreme Court
in 1845 ^"'^^ '^^ same year was admitted to partner-
ship with W. H. Seward and Christopher Morgan in
Auburn, New York. Returning to New York City
in 1854 he was engaged in practice there some
thirteen years or until appointed Judge of the
United States District Court for the Southern Dis-
trict of New York. In 1878 he was chosen Judge
of the United States Circuit Court for the Second
Judicial District, and in 1882 became an Associate
Justice of the United States Supreine Court, remain-
ing upon the Federal Bench for the rest of his life.
Judge Blatchford was honored by Columbia with the
degree of Doctor of Laws in 1867, and served as
a Trustee of that College from that year until his
death, which occurred in 1893.

BRADFORD, Alexander Warfield, 1815-
1867.

Born in Albany, N. Y.. 1815 ; educated at Union ; be-
came a distinguished lawyer of New York City; was
Surrogate three terms and issued Bradford's Reports ;
assisted in codifying the state laws; Corporation
Counsel of New York City; Lecturer in the Law De-
partment of Columbia of which he was a Trustee for
twelve years ; died 1867.

ALEXANDER WARFIELD BRADFORD,
LL.D., Law Professor and a Trustee of
Columbia, was born in .\lbany, New York, in 1815.

UNU'ERSITIES JNJ) Til 1:1 R SONS

3'i

son of the Rev. John M. I'.iadr.inl, D.I)., .,1" that
city. His lUicheloi's and .Mublci'.s ilcgnx-s were
received at Union, from which he was graduated in
1832, and entering the legal profession he attained
high rank as a lawyer. His connection with several
inii^ortant will cases won for him special distinction
and he was three times elected Surrogate, a position
which he was superabundantly qualified to fill on
account oi liis extensive knowledge of the law of
inheritance. Wiiile in office he issued ten volumes
of reports relating to Surrogate cases, six of whicli
under the name of Bradford's Reports became
standard authority, and he was a member of the
commission formulated to codify the laws of the
state. In 1S43 he was Corporation Counsel for
the City of New York. Judge Bradford was made
a Doctor of Laws by Union in 1852 and received
the honorary degree of like character from Colum-
bia in 1 86 1. He entered upon his duties as a
Trustee of Columbia in 1855, became a Lecturer in
the Law Department in 1S60, and continued to
serve in both of these capacities for the rest of his
life, which terminated November 5, 1867. Besides
his reports he edited a work on American antiqui-
ties; published a discourse delivered in 1845 be-
fore the New York Historical Society ; a semi-
centennial address to the Albany Academy ; and
edited jointly with Dr. Anthon, the Protestant
Churchman.

BRITTON, Nathaniel Lord, 1859-

Born on Staten Island, N. Y., 1859; completed his
education at the Columbia School of Mines; was
formerly Assistant in Geology and subsequently In-
structor, and later Professor of Botany, and is now
Emeritus Professor of the latter study ; was Assistant
in the New Jersey Geological Survey, 1880-1887 ; was
Botanist i88i-i8go; and Field Assistant to the United
States Geological Survey, i88z.

NArHANH':L LORD BRIITON, Ph.D.,
" Emeritus " Professor of Botany at Colum-
bia, was born on Staten Island, New York, January
15, 1859. After graduating from the Columbia
School of Mines in 1S79 with the degree of Mining
Engineer, and receiving that of Doctor of Philoso-
phy in course 18S1, he was Assistant in Geology at
Columbia until 1887, when he was transferred to
the Botanical Department, became Adjunct Profes-
sor in 1890, was appointed full Professor in 1891
and became " Emeritus" Professor in 1S96 when he
was appointed Director-in-Chief of the New York
Botanical Garden. From 1880 to 1887 he assisted

his summers to field work during that time, and was
the official Botanist from 1881 to 1890. In 1882
he was appointed a Field Assistant to the United
States Geological Survey. Professor Britton's con-
tributions to scientific periodicals are many, consist-
ing mainly of papers upon technical subjects. He
has published dissertations upon the geology and
flora of Staten Island, and catalogues of the flora of
New Jersey, and edited the Bulletin and memoirs
of the Torrey Botanical Club, and in cooperation
with Judge .Addison Brown has published in three
volumes: An Illustrated Flora of the Northern
States and Canada. While Professor at Columbia
he edited the Contributions and Memoirs of the
Department of Botany.

BRODT, Philip Ernest, 1871-

Born in Brooklyn, New York, 1871 ; graduate of
Geneseo State Normal School; A.B., Columbia, 1897;
teacher in New York State public schools, 1892-93;
Assistant m Rhetoric at Columbia, 1897.

PHILIP ERNEST BRODT, Assistant at Co-
lumbia, was born in Brooklyn, New N'ork,
June 21, 1S71. He is the son of the Rev. John

PHILIP E. liKDDT

Henry and Ellen Augusta (Sears) Brodt, and is of
Dutch- P^nglish ancestry. After attending private
in the Geological Survey of New Jersey, devoting schools and the public schools of his native place as

312

UNirERSITlES AND THEIR SONS

a boy, he went througli the Geneseo State Normal
School at Geneseo, New York. After his graduation
from Geneseo he was for a year a teacher in the
public schools of New York State. He entered Co-
lumbia in 1893, graduating in 1S97 with the degree
of Bachelor of Arts. On his graduation, he was ap-
pointed Assistant in Rhetoric at the University. In
1899 he resigned his position to enter upon a post-
graduate course of study, and in the same year he
received a scholarship in European History from
Columbia where he will pursue his course. Mr.
Brodt is a member of the Delta Upsilon Fraternity
and of Phi Beta Kappa. He is unmarried.

BUMSTEAD, Freeman Josiah, 1826-1879.

Born in Boston, Mass., 1826; graduated at Williams
and the Harvard Medical School ; completed his studies
abroad; practised his profession in New York City;
was Surgeon to the New York Eye and Ear Infirmary,
the Blackwell's Island Charity and the Stranger's
Hospitals, Lecturer on Materia Medica and Venereal
diseases in the Medical Department of Columbia,
1866-1867; and Professor of the latter 1867-1871 ; died
1879.

FREEMAN JOSIAH BUMSTEAD, M.D.,
LL.D., Professor in the Medical Depart-
ment of Columbia, was born in Boston, April 21,
1826. He was a graduate of Williams, Class of
1847, and having completed the regular course at
the Harvard Medical School in 1851, he concluded
his studies in Paris. Entering upon the practice of
his profession in New Y'ork City in 1852, he soon
acquired a high reputation as a specialist, and for
some time was a regular surgeon at the Charity
Hospital on Blackwell's Island, the New York Eye
and Ear Infirmary, and the Stranger's Hospital.
During the years 1S66 and 1867 he lectured on
Materia Medica at the College of Physicians and
Surgeons (Medical Department of Columbia) and
was Clinical Professor of Venereal Diseases there
from the latter year till 1S71. Professor Bumstead
died in New York, November 28, 1879. He be-
longed to various medical societies, was chosen
Vice-President of the Torrey Botanical Club in
1875, and a few months prior to his death he
received the degree of Doctor of Laws from \\\\-
liams. His contributions to medical literature
include a translation of Ricord's notes to Hunter's
Treatise on Venereal Diseases ;, Cullerier's Atlas of
Venereal Diseases ; and the Pathology and Treat-
ment of same.

CHAMBERS, John, 1710-1765.

Born about 1710; was prominently identified with the
Colonial affairs of New York in his day; was the
second Chief Justice of the Province ; and Governor of
King's College, 1762-1764.

JOHN CHAMBERS, one of the first Governors
of King's College (now Columbia) was born
about the year 17 10. There seems to be no reliable
information concerning the place of his birth or his
early life, but it is authentically known that he was a
conspicuous factor in the public affairs of the Colony
of New York during the middle of the eighteenth
century. In 1754 he was a member of the E.xecu-
tive Council, and served as a Commissioner to the
Congress which assembled at .'Albany on June 14, of
the same year. His appointment as Judge took
place a short time later and he was elevated to the
Chief Justiceship, being the second in the Province
to hold that high office. The records of King's
College show that Chief-Justice Chambers was one
of its early promoters, and that he acted as Governor
from 1762 (?) until 1764.

CLARK, Alonzo, 1807-1887.

Born in Chester, Mass., 1807 ; educated at Williams
and at the College of Physicians and Surgeons; prac-
tised in New York City for many years ; Professor of
Pathology and Materia Medica at the Vermont Med-
ical College ; held the Chair of Pathology and Practi-
cal Medicine in the Medical Department of Columbia,
1860-1882; was President of the Faculty 1875-1884 ; and
Professor "Emeritus" for the last five years of his
life ; died, 1887.

ALONZO CLARK, M.D., LL.D., Medical Pro-
fessor at Columbia was born in Chester,
Massachusetts, March i, 1807. Graduating from
Williams in 1828, and from the College of Physi-
cians and Surgeons in 1835, he subsequently located
in the metropolis, where he practised for many years
and acquired professional distinction. P'or soine
years he was Professor of Pathology and Materia
Medica at the Vermont Medical College, and joining
the Medical Faculty of Columbia in i860 as Pro-
fessor of Pathology and Practical Medicine he con-
tinued in active service until 18S2, when he was
made Professor "Emeritus," and was its Dean and
President from 1875 to 1884. In addition to his
duties at Columbia he was Visiting Physician and
President of the Medical Board of Bellevue Hospi-
tal, and Consulting Physician to the Roosevelt and
St. Luke's Hospitals. Dr. Clark was President of
the New York State Medical .Association in 1853,

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

and the New York Academy of Medicine. He was
also known as a writer of ability and prepared num-
erous articles for the medical journals.

CLOSSY, Samuel, 1715-1776.

Born in Ireland ; physician and author of note; came
to America in 1764; was a Tutor at King's College
and Professor in the Academic and Medical Depart-
ments until 1776; died 1776.

SAMUEL CLOSSY, ^LD., member of the Fac-
ulty of King's College just prior to the Amer-
ican Revolution, was born in Ireland about the year
I 715. He studied at Trinity College, Dublin, from
which he received his Medical Degree, and prac-
tised his profession in Ireland previous to emigrating
to America, becoming a physician of note. In 1764,
he arrived in New York and the following year be-
came connected with King's College as Professor of
Natural Philosophy, also acting as a Tutor, and was
the first to occupy the Chair of Anatomy in the
Medical Department, in which he remained from
1767 to 1774. His opposition to the cause of Ameri-
can independence necessitated his resignation from
the Faculty at the beginning of hostilities, and return-
ing to Ireland, he died there in 1776. Professor
Clossy was an able anatomist and in 1763 he issued
a work entitled : Observations on Some of the Dis-
eases of the Human Body, Chiefly taken from the
Dissection of Morbid Bodies. He received the
honorary degree of Doctor of Medicine from King's
in 1768.

COE, Edward Benton, 1842-

Born in Milford, Conn., 1842 ; B.A. (Yale) 1862 ; D.D.
(Rutgers) 1881 ; LL.D. (Rutgers) 1893; S.T.D. (Yale)
1895; Union Theological Seminary, 1862-63; studied in
France and Germany, 1864-67; Street Professor of
Modern Languages, Yale, 1864-79; ordained by the
Classis of New York and installed as one of the min-
isters of the Collegiate Reformed Prot. Dutch Church,
1879 ; Pastor of Collegiate Church at Fifth Avenue and
Forty-eighth Street, New York City, 1879-1899; Senior
Minister of Collegiate Church, 1896-

EDW.\RD BENTON COE, S.T.D., LL.D.,
Trustee of Columbia, was born in Milford,
Connecticut, June 11, 1842. His father, the Rev.
David Benton Coe, D.D., was descended from
Robert Coe, who came from Suffolk, England, to
Boston in 1634. On the mother's side he was
descended from .Mexander Phoeni.x, who came to
New York from Holland in 1643. Dr. Coe re-
ceived his early education through private tuition,

and fitted for College at the private school of John
(irant and B. A. Smith in New York City. He
graduated from Yale with the degree of Bachelor of
Arts in 1862, and after a year spent at L'nion Theo-
logical Seminary and a year as private tutor, was in
1864 appointed to the Street Professorship of
Modern Languages at Yale. In the same year he
went abroad, and spent the three following years
in study in France and Cermany. Returning to
America in 1867, he look up his duties at Yale, and
occupied the Chair of Modern Languages there
until 1879. On October 2d in that year he was

EDWARD B. COE

ordained and installed by the Classis of New York
as one of the ministers of the Reformed Protestant
Dutch Church of the City of New York, becoming
Pastor of the Collegiate Church at Fifth Avenue
and Forty-eighth Street, New York City. He has
been the Senior Minister of the Collegiate Church
since 1896 and since January 1899 has been occu-
pied with the duties of this office, without special
charge of any particular congregation. He is a
member of the Century, Barnard and Yale Clubs.
Dr. Coe is connected with a number of religious
and educational institutions. He has been a
Trustee of Rutgers since 1887, of Robert College of
Constantinople since 1894, and of the Leake and
Watts Orphan House, Columbia University and the

-p^

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

the Reformed Church in America. He has pub-
Ushed many sermons and addresses on rehgious
subjects and a volume of Sermons entitled "Life
Indeed" (New York, 1899). Ur. Coe married
June II, 1S74, Mary Jenks, daughter of the Rev.
Richard S. Storrs, D.D. They have four children :
Margaret Elmer, Miriam Storrs, Edith Mary and
Richard Storrs.

Presbyterian Hospital, New \'ork City, since ICS96. ton, Massachusetts, prior to 1670. His early edu-
In 1S98 he was President of the General Synod of cation was received in Lockwood's Academy, in

Brooklyn, and in the Polytechnic Institute of the
same city, .\fter graduating from the latter, he
entered upon the study of medicine in the College
of Physicians and Surgeons in New Vork City ( the
Medical Department of Columbia) taking his de-
gree in May 1885. During the following two years
he was interne at the Bellevue Hospital, New Vork
City. In 1887 he was appointed to the post of

House Surgeon of the Hospital, and in 1888 he

became .Attending Surgeon in the Department of
GROSS, John Daniel, 1737-1812.

Born in Germany, 1737; emigrated to America and
was a minister on the frontier during the Revolutionary
War; Professor of German at Columbia, 1784-1795 and
of Moral Philosophy, 1787-95; Trustee, 1787-92; Re-
gent of the New York State University, 17S4-87; died
in Canojaharie, N. Y., 1812

JOHN DANIEL GROSS, S.T.D., Professor and
Trustee of Columbia just after the close of the
War for Independence, was born in Germany in
1737. Emigrating to America he entered the min-
istry and accepted the charge of a frontier church,
encountering much danger and hardship while the
American Revolution was in progress. In 17S4 he
was called to the Professorships of German Lan-
guage and Geography at Columbia, in addition to
which in 17S7 he took the Chair of Moral Philoso-
phy, holding them all until 1795. He was a mem-
ber of the Board of Trustees from 1787 to 1792 and
from I 784 to I 787 also served as Regent of the Uni-
versity of the State of New York. .About the year
1802 he removed to a farm in Canojaharie, New
York, where he died. May 25, 1S12. Columbia
made him a Doctor of Divinity in 1789. Dr. geo. w. crary

Gross published a work entitled : Natural Principles
of Rectitude. Out- Door Poor. During 1888 and 1889 he was

Instructor at the Post-Graduate Medical School and

Hospital. Since 1888 also he has been Assistant
Surgeon in the Department of Out-door Patients at
the Roosevelt Hospital, New York City, and since
1 896 Assistant to the Attending Surgeon at the same
Institution. He was appointed Assistant Attending
Surgeon at the New York Cancer Hospital in 1895,
and in 1897 was made Assistant Demonstrator in
Anatomy at Columbia, both of which posts he still
holds. He married in Philadelphia April 30, 1891,
Miss Julia Treadwell Ogden of that city. Dr.
Crary has written a number of articles on subjects
connected with his profession, among them an ex-
haustive dissertation on Myxoedema, .Acquired and
Congenital in the American Journal of Medical

CRARY, George Waldo, 1864-

Born in Brooklyn, N. Y., 1864; fitted for College in
Lockwood's Academy and the Polytechnic Institute of
Brooklyn ; graduated from the New York College of
Physicians and Surgeons in May 1885; has filled
various staff positions in the New York Hospitals ;
Assistant Demonstrator in Anatomy at Columbia,
since 1897; author of several scientific works.

GEORGE WALDO CRARY, M.D., Assistant
in Anatomy at Columbia, was born in
Brooklyn, New York, January 3, 1864. His parents
were George and Matilda Durkee Crary, and he is
the sixth in direct descent from John Crary, who
came to .America from Scotland, and settled in Bos-

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

3'5

Sciences for May 1894, and is alsn ihe part anihor
of two books: In Sickness ami Ik'alth (1896) a
work on anatomy ; ami a brociiure on appendicitis.
He is a member of the Academy of Medicine of
New York, the Bellevne Hospital Alumni Associa-
tion of New York, and an honorary member of the
Roosevelt Hospital Alumni Association of the same
place. Although a Republican by conviction, he
has never taken an active part in the turmoil of
political life.

HARING, John, 1739-1809.

Born in Tappan, N. Y., 1739; prominent in Colonial
and state affairs ; member of the Provincial and Con-
tinental Congresses; Judge of the County Court;
member of the State Convention for the ratification of
the Federal Constitution ; Regent of Columbia, 1784;
died m Blauveltville, 1809.

JOHN HARING, one of the first Regents of
Columbia after its re-organization from King's
College, was born in Tappan, Orange (now Rock-
land) county, New York, September 28, i 739. He
was descended from an early Dutch emigrant. He
was one of the most active supporters of the Colonial
cause, was a member of the first four sessions of the
Provincial Congress, served in the Continental Con-
gress in 1774-1775 and 1785-1787, was elected in
1776 to the New York Assembly which failed to
organize, was Judge of the County Court from 1778
to 1788 and served in the State Senate from 1781
to I 79 1. He was appointed a Commissioner to
adjust the land dispute between Massachusetts and
New York, and as a member of the State Consti-
tutional Convention of 1788, he opposed with his
vote the ratification of the newly framed Federal
Constitution. Judge Haring took an active part in
the affairs of Columbia after its reorganization, and
was chosen a Regent in 1784. He died in Blau-
veltville, New York, April i, i8og.

HAIGHT, Benjamin I., 1809-1879.

Born in New York City, 1809; graduated at Co-
lumbia, 1828, and General Theological Seminary, 1831 ;
Rector of St. Peter's Church, N. Y., 1831 and of St,
Paul's Cincinnati 1834, of All Saints, N. Y., 1837-47;
Asst. Minister of Trinity Church 1847-77 • Professor of
Pastoral Theology at General Seminary, 1837-1855;
Trustee of Columbia, 1843-1E79 ; declined the Bishopric
of Mass , 1872; died, 1879.

BKNJAMIN I. HAIGHT, S.T.I )., I.1..D.,
Trustee of Columbia, was born in New
York City, October 16, 1S09. Graduating from Co-

lumbi;i in 1828, and from the Gcnend Theological
Scmin:uy of the I'rotestant hipiscopal Church, New
York in 1831, he was during his Deaconship, chosen
Rector of St. Peter's C'hurch, New York, and the
year following his ordination to the Priesthood
(1833), he took the Rectorship of St. Paul's, Cin-
cinnati, Ohio. From 1837 to I S46 he was Rector of
All Saints Church, New Wnk, was an Assistant- Min-
ister of Trinity Parish for thirty years (1847-1877),
and Assistant Rector in 1874, having charge of the
church during the absence of the Rector. In 1837
he took the Chair of Pastoral Theology and Puljiit
I'.loquence at the (General Seminary, retaining it till
1855. He accepted a Trusteeship of Columbia in
1843 and was actively identified with the interests
of the College until his death, February 21, 1879.
Ur. Haight received his Di\inity degree from
Columbia in 1846 and was made a Doctor of Laws
by Hobart in 1870. For twenty years he was Secre-
tary of the New York Episcopal Convention, was for
ten years a member of the Diocese Standing Com-
mittee and from 186S to 1S74 attended the General
Convention as a delegate from New York. Feeble
health compelled him to decline the Bishopric of
Massachusetts to which he was elected in 1872.

HARTLEY, Frank, 1856-

Born in Washington, D. C, ifsS; graduated at
Princeton, 1877; at the Medical Department Columbia,
1880; pursued post-graduate courses in Bellevue
Hospital, N. Y., and in Berlin, Heidelberg and Vienna ;
located in New York City, 1884; Assistant Demon-
strator of Anatomy at Columbia, 1885-89 ; Demonstrator
from i88g to 1891 ; Lecturer there in Operative Sur-
gery; Attending Surgeon at Roosevelt, New York,
and other hospitals.

FRANK HARTLFY, M. I)., Demonstrator and
Lecturer at Columbia, was born in \Vash-
ington, District of Columbia, in 1856. He is a
son of the late Hon. John Fairfield Hartley, LL.D.,
who was officially connected with the United States
Treasury Department from 1838 to 1875, the last
ten years holding the office of Assistant Secre-
tary. Dr. Hartley was educated in the Washington
Public Schools, the Emerson Institute and at Prince-
ton, graduating from the latter with the Class of
1 87 7. After graduating at the Medical Department
of Columbia (1880) he took post-graduate courses
at Bellevue Hospital, New York, and in Berlin,
Heidelberg and Vienna. Locating for practice in
the metropolis he soon acquired a high reputation
as a surgeon, and in 1 885 was called to the Colum-

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

bia Medical School as Assistant Demonstrator of
Anatomy, advancing to the post of Demonstrator in
1889. Me was later appointed Lecturer on Opera-
tive Surgery at the same Institution. Dr. Hartley
was chosen Assistant Surgeon at the Roosevelt Hos-
pital in 1885, was Attending Surgeon at Bellevue
Hospital from 1888 to 1892, was similarly con-
nected with the New York Hospital from 1892 to
1897 ami has been a consulting Physician to the
New York Cancer Hospital. He is closely identi-
fied with the leading medical bodies of New York
including the New York Surgical Society, of which

FRANK HARTLEY

he was elected President some years since ; the
Clinical, the Dermatological, the Genito-Urinary
and Pathological Societies. He also belongs to the
University, Athletic, and Princeton Clubs of New
York City.

HORSMANDEN, Daniel, 1691-1778.

Born in England, 1691 ; President of the New York
City Council ; Recorder and Chief-Justice ; able jurist
and writer; Governor of King's College; died in Flat-
bush, N. Y., 1778.

DANIEL HORSMANDEN, Governor of King's
College, was born in Gouklhurst, County of
Kent, England, in 1691. He arrived in New York
prior to 1733, as records state that he entered the

Council of that city on May 23, of that year, and
was subsequently its President. He also served as
Recorder, and in March 1763 was elevated to the
Chief-Justiceship of the Provincial Supreme Court.
He was selected to investigate the destruction of
His Majesty's ship " Gaspe " which was burned by
a party of Whigs in 1772, and his name was afifixed
to a public address to Lord Howe in 1776. Judge
Horsmanden died in Flatbush, New York, Septem-
ber 28, 1778, and was buried in Trinity Churchyard.
He was regarded as an able jurist, was the author
of The New York Conspiracy, or the History of the
Negro Plot, and his letters to Governor Clinton
were also published. Like most of the public men
of his day he displayed much interest in the welfare
of King's College, of which he was at one time
Governor.

JACOBI, Abraham, 1830-

Born in Westphalia, 1830; educated in the Univer-
sities of Germany; came to the United States, 1853;
called to the Professorship of diseases of children at
the New York Medical College, i85o; held the same
Chair in the Medical Department of the University of
the City of New York, 1865-76; appointed Clinical
Professor of that study in the Medical Department of
Columbia, 1870; Visiting Physician to several hospi-
tals; noted specialist and writer.

AISRAHAM JACOBI, M.D., Professor at Co-
lumbia, was born in Hartum, Westphalia,
May 6, 1830. He was a student at the Universities
of Greifswald, Gottingen and Bonn, obtaining his
medical degree at the latter institution in 1851, and
like many other young and progressive Germans of
that period, his advanced political ideas drew him
into a revolutionary movement, resulting in his im-
prisonment for two years. Upon being released in
1853 he came to the United States by the way of
England, and entered into practice in New York City.
He was called into public practice as early as 1857
by an appointment as Attending Physician to the
German Dispensary, and was later connected in the
same capacity with the German, Mount Sinai, Belle-
vue, Roosevelt and other Hospitals. His interest
in the diseases of children caused his selection for
the Professorship of that Department at the New
York Medical College in i860, and from 1865 to
1870 he occupied that Chair in the Medical School
connected with the University of the City of New
York. In 1870 he joined the Medical Faculty
of Columbia as Clinical Professor of Diseases of
Children at the College of Physicians and Surgeons,

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

317

and his earnest efforts <liirini; a lung series of years
to send forth students properly jireparcd for ])rc)-
fessional work, can best be appreciated by those
who have profited by his instructions and witnessed
liis sincere endeavors to display to tlie best advan-
tage his professional skill in the presence of the
student. Dr. Jacobi has ably filletl the Presidential
Chairs of the New York Pathological and Obstetri-
cal Societies, the County and State Medical Societies
and the New York Academy of Medicine. He was
at one time Associate lulitor of the American Jour-
nal of Obstetrics and the Diseases of Women anil
Children. Me is author of Dentition and its De-
rangements ; Raising and Ivlucation of Abandoned
Children in Europe ; Infant Diet ; a Treatise on
Diphtheria; Intestinal Diseases of Infancy and
Childhood ; Therapeutics of Infirncy and ("hild-
hood ; contributed chapters on the care and nu-
trition of Children, Diphtheria and 1 )ysentery to
Gerhadt's Handbuch der Kinderkrankheiten ; on
Diphtheria, Rachitis and Laryngitis to Pepper's
System of Practical Medicine ; jjublished with Dr.
E. Noeggerath, Contributions to Midwifery and
Diseases of Women and Children in 1859 and his
lectures, reports, etc., have frequently appeared in
the standard medical journals during the past forty
years.

HUTTON, Frederick Remsen, 1853-

Born in New York City, 1853; fitted for College at
private school ; A.B. (Columbia) 1873 ; A.M. (Columbia)
1876 ; E.M. and C.E. (Columbia School of Mines) 1876 ;
Ph.D. Columbia, 1882; Instructor in Mechanics and
Engineering at Columbia, 1877; Adjunct Professor,
1882; Professor, 1891 ; Associate Editor Engineering
Magazine, 1892; Johnson's Encyclopaedia, 1893.

FREDERICK REMSEN HUTPGN, E.M.,
Ph.D., Professor of Mechanical Engineering
at Columbia, was born in New York City May 28,
1853. His father, Rev. Mancius Smedes Hutton,
S.T.D. (Columbia, 1827), was for many years one
of the best known and most successful Pastors
of New York Citv. The family is descended from
Domine Wilhelmus IMancius, who came to America
in 1642, and was a Pastor in Kingston, New York.
After a preparatory course at a ]irivate school in
New York, Frederick R. Hutton entered Columbia,
graduating in 1873. After his graduation he studied
mechanical and civil engineering at the Columbia
School of Mines, receiving the degree of Mining
Engineer and Civil Engineer from the School in
1876, and that of Master of Arts from the Uni-

versity at the same time. ,\fter one year of
post-graduate stutly and prat'tice he became In-
structor in Meclianical ]'",ngineering at Columbia
upon the reorganization of its Engineering Depart-
ment in 1S77; after serving as Instructor for five
years he was made .\djunct Professor in 1882, and
nine years later, in i8yi, was made Professor. The
University conferred upon him the degree of Doctor
of Philosophy in 18S2. He is the author of two
text-books. The Mechanical Engineering of Powder
Plants and Heat and Heat Engines, which are in
extensive use, as well as of a number of brochures

FREDERICK R. HUITON

and papers on scientific subjects, among them
monographs on Machine Tools and Pumping
ICngines for the Tenth Census. In 1892 he became
Associate Editor of the Engineering Magazine, and
in 1893 was one of the staff engaged in tlie prcjiar-
ation of a new edition of Johnson's Encyclopx'dia.
He has been Secretary of the .\merican Society of
Mechanical Engineers and Julitor of the Transac-
tions of the Society since 1883, and has also been
active in church work, having been a Trustee of the
Collegiate Reformed Dutch Church of New York
City and of the Collegiate Scliool, since 1880. He
married. May 28, 1878, Crace, daughter of Marshall
Lefferts of New York City. They have two children :
Arthur Lefferts and Mancius Smedes Hutton. Pro-
fessor Hutton, besides tlie .\nierican Society of

3i8

UNIVERSITIES AND rilF.IR SONS

Mechanical Engineers, is a mcniluT of lliu Aineritnn
Institute of Mining Engineers, tlic American Acad-
emy of Arts and Sciences, Century Club and
Engineers Club. He is a Rei>uhliran iu politics,
with pronounced protectionist ideas.

HOWE, Henry Marion, 1848-

Born in Boston, Mass., 1848; fitted for College at the
Boston Latin School; graduated from Harvard (A.B.)
i85g, (AM.) 1872; Massachusetts Institute of Tech-
nology. 1871, S.B. (Geology and Mining Engineering) ;
engaged in metallurgical manufacturing, 1871-83 ; Con-
sulting Metallurgist and Lecturer on Metallurgy at
the Massachusetts Institute of Technology ; Professor
of Metallurgy at Columbia, 1897-

HENRY MARION HOWE, A.M., S.B., Pro-
fessor at Columbia, was born in Boston,
Massachusetts, March 2, 1848. He is the son of

HENRY M. \\i)\\V.

Dr. Samuel Gridley Howe, and Julia Wiwd Howe,
the famous poet, and is of old New England families
through both parents. John Ward was an ofificer in
Cromwell's .Vrmy, and in .'\merica the family has
always been high in tlie councils of the state, Richard
Ward having been Governor of the Colony of Rhode
Island from 1 740 to i 743, and Samuel Ward Colonial

Governor in 1762-176^

I 765-1 767, and a

member of the Continental Congress during the
stirring days of the Revolution. Roger WilHams,
whose unilaunted spirit led to the foundation of
Rhode Island, was also a connection of tlie f.unily.
Edward C Howe, from whom Samuel Gridley Howe
was descended, was a member of the famous lioston
Tea Party. He is descended also from a sister of
General Erancis Marion. Tracing the roots of the
family tree in the soil of France, it appears that
the line of descent includes the firther of Corneille,
the dramatist, and the great-grandfather of Charlotte
Corday. Henry Marion Howe received his early
eilucation and fitted for College at the Public Latin
School of Boston. Leaving there in 1865, he en-
tered Harvard, graduating with the degree of Bach-
elor of Arts in 1S69, and taking the degree of
Master of Arts three years later, having meantime
studied at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
from which he received the degree of Bachelor of
Science (Geology and Mining Engineering) in 1871.
In 1 87 1 he engaged in metallurgical manufacturing,
and so continued until 1883, when he was tendered
and accepted the post of Lecturer on Metallurgy at
the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. This
latter ]iosition he held until 1S97 when Columbia
made him its Professor of Metallurgy. I'rofessor
Howe is an author of note on metallurgical subjects,
one of his publications. The Metallurgy of Steel,
running through three American editions and one
in Erench, and bringing him a prize of 2,500 francs
from the Sociit6 d'Eiicouragement pour ITndustrie
Nationale of Paris, in 1891. He has also been a
recipient of many other honors, among them the
Bessemer Gold Medal of the British Iron and Steel
Institute and the Elliott Cresson gold medal of the
Franklin Institute of Philadelphia (its highest award)
in 1895 ; and the great gold medal of the Verein zur
Beforderung des Gewerbfleisses of Berlin (its highest
award) in 1895. At the Paris Exposition of 18S9
he was a Juror on Class 48, Mining and Metallurgi-
cal Processes, and at the Chicago Exposition in
1893 was President of the Jury on Mines and Min-
ing. Professor Howe is a member of the Century
Association, and Harvard Club, an honorary mem-
ber of the Dallas Historical Society of Dallas, Texas,
the Alumni .Association of the School of Mines of
Columbia, a non-resident member of the ."Vmerican
Philosophical Society of Philadelphia, and a fellow
of the New York .Academy of Science. He is also a
Past- President of the .American Institute of Mining
P'ngineers. He is an Independent in politics. He
was married .April 9, 1S74 to Fannie Gay.

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

ABBOT, Francis Ellingwood, 1836-

Born in Boston, Mass., 1836; graduated from Har-
vard in 1859; was Editor of the Index from 1870-1880;
author of Scientific Theism and The Way out of Ag-
nosticism; Instructor of Philosophy at Harvard in 1887-
1888.

FRANCIS ELLIN(;\V0011 ABIiOT, Ph.D.,
Instructor at Harvard, son of Josejih Hale
and Kanny (Larcom) Abbot, was born in Boston,
Massachusetts, November 6, 1S36. Graduating
from Harvard in 1859 and from the Meadville
(Pennsylvania) Theological Seminary in 1S63, he
subsequently became an exponent of free religions

cliildrcn : Everett Vergnies (Harvard 1886), Edward
Stanley (Harvard 1887), and l-'anny Larcom Abbot.

FRANCIS E. ABBOT

thought, and in 1870 became the first Editor of
The Index, a journal of free thought, published in
'I'oledo and afterwards in Boston, serving in that
capacity for ten years. His numerous articles upon
metaphysical subjects have been widely read both
in the United States and luirope ; in 1S85 he
[lublished in book form Scientific Theism, and in
1890 The Way out of Agnosticism. Mr. Abbot
was Instructor in Philosophy at Harvard in 1S87-
1888. His degree was conferred by Harvard in
1881. Mr. Abbot marrieil Katharine Fearing,
daughter of David and Susanna (Sherman) Loring,
of Concord, Mass., August 3, 1859. Mrs. Abbot
died October 23, 1893, leaving three surviving

HAYWARD, George, 1791-1863.

Born in Boston, Mass , 1791 ; graduated at Harvard
1809; from the Medical Department of the University
of Pennsylvania 1812; practised in Boston for upwards
of fifty years: spent some years in Europe and ac-
quired a high reputation as a surgeon; was College
Professor of Surgery at Harvard and of Clinics in the
Medical School 1835-1849; a Fellow of the College
1852-1863, contributed to medical literature both as
author and translator; died in Boston, 1863.

Gl'.ORCE HA\AVARD, M.D., College Pro-
fessor of Surgery at Harvard and Clinical
Professor at the Medical School, was born in Boston,
March 9, 1791. He was the son of Dr. Lemuel
Hayward, a noted physician of Boston in his day,
who was graduated from Harvard in 1768, studied
medicine under Dr. Josejih Warren, and served as a
Surgeon in the Revolutionary \\'ar. The son was
also educated at Harvard, graduating in 1809, and
after obtaining his Medical degree at the University
of Pennsylvania (181 2) he located in his native city,
where he won distinction as a surgeon. With the
exception of some years spent in Europe, where he
enjoyed the instruction and friendship of Aberncthy
and Sir Astley Cooper, he practised in Boston until
his death, and his. professional reputation stood high
on both sides of the .Atlantic. He was one of the
first surgeons to make use of ether in capital opera-
tions, and was Assistant Surgeon to Dr. [ohn C.
U'arren at the opening of the Massachusetts Gen-
eral Hospital, with which institution he was prom-
inendy identified for many years. As College
Professor of Surgery at Harvard and Clinical Pro-
fessor in the Medical School from 1835 'o 1849, he
was the instructor of many students who afterwards
became successful in their profession, and he was a
member of the College Cor|)oration from 1S52 to
1863. Dr. Hayward received the honorary Bachelor's
degree from Yale in 1S09, and that of Master of .Arts
from Harvard in course. He was a leading fellow
of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences,
President of the Boston .Athenreum antl President of
the Massachusetts Medical Society. He was also
one of the founders of the Linnean Society and of
the Boston Society of Natural History. Besides a
translation of liichat's General Anatomy and Beck-
land's .Additions in four volumes to same, he was
the author of Outlines of Physiologj', and many
imjiortant medical [xipers and surgical records. He

320

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

died ill Boston, Ortobcr 7, 1XO8. A nephew and
grand-nephew, botii of whom lK)re his name, have
held distinguished places in the profession and in
the community.

GUSHING, Luther Stearns, 1803-1856.

Born in Lunenburg, Mass., 1803: graduated Harvard
Law School, 1826; became Associate Editor American
Jurist and Law Magazine; Clerk of Mass. House of
Representatives; member of Legislature; Judge Court
Common Pleas in Boston ; Reporter Decisions Supreme
Court; Lecturer in Harvard Law School, 1848-1851 ;
author of many works on legal practice, etc. ; died in
Boston, 1856.

LUTHER Sl'E.ARNS GUSHING, Lecturer on
Roman Law in the Harvard Law School,
was born in Lunenburg, Massachusetts, June 22,
1S03, and was graduated at the Harvard Law School
with the distinction of being the only graduate in
the Class of 1826. Soon after leaving Gollege he
became one of the Editors of the American Jurist
and Law Magazine, in association with Charles
Sumner and George S. Hilliard. Appointed Clerk
of the Massachusetts House of Representatives in
1832, he held that office for upwards of a dozen
years, and in 1844 was elected a member of that
body. He subsequently served four years as Judge
of the Court of Common Pleas in Boston, and was
then made Reporter of Decisions of the Supreme
Court, which position he filled until his death,
which occurred in Boston, June 22, 1856. From
1848 to 1 85 1 he was Lecturer on Roman Law in
the Harvard Law School. Judge Gushing published,
besides his twelve volumes of law reports issued
during his term as Reporter of Decisions, a number
of treatises and translations upon legal subjects, but
the works by which his name is best known are a
Comprehensive Work on Parliamentary Law, and
his Manual of Parliamentary Practice, the latter of
which became an established authority for proceed-
insrs in deliberative assemblies.

DERBY, George, 1819 1874.

Born in Salem, Mass., i8ig; graduated at Harvard
1838 and Harvard Medical School in 1843; practised in
Boston ; made a special study of sanitary science ;
Army Surgeon in the Civil War, serving as Depart-
ment Medical Inspector and Surgeon-in-Chief of Divi-
sions ; mustered out as brevet Lieutenant-Colonel of
Volunteers; Commander of Soldiers' Home at Togus,
Maine; Surgeon at Boston City Hospital, 1866; Secre-
tary Mass. State Board of Health 1866-1874; Lecturer

in Harvard Medical School 1867-1871 ; Professor of
Hygiene at Harvard, 1871-1874; died in Boston, 1874.

GEORGE DERBV, M.D., Professor of Hygiene
at Harvard, was born in Salem, Massa-
chusetts, February 13, 1819. He was graduated at
Harvard in 1S38 and at Harvard Medical School in
1S43, and established himself as a physician in
Boston, where he acquired a large practice and
also gained a widespread reputation by his writings
on sanitary subjects, having devoted especial atten-
tion to sanitary science and the advancement of
measures for promoting the public health. In

GEORGE DERBY

1 86 1 he was commissioned Surgeon in the Twenty-
third Massachusetts Volunteers, and for the next
four years he was in active army service, during
which he held several important posts and rendered
most vahutble services. For a time he was Medical
Inspector of the Department of Virginia and North
Carolina; subsequently he was Surgeon-in-Chief of
Divisions, and when finally compelled by broken
health to leave the army, he was commissioned
brevet Lieutenant- Colonel of Volunteers, and ap-
pointed to the command of the Soldiers' Hospital
at Togus, Maine. In 1866 Dr. Derby returned to
Boston, where he became one of the Surgeons of
the City Hospital and also promoted the establish-
ment of a State Board of Health, of which he was
made Secretary and Executive officer. This office he

UNIIT.RSiriES ./ND TIII'.IR SONS

321

lield until liis death, and a scries of articles which
he published in the annual reports of the board es-
tablished liis eminence as a sanitarian and brought
him world-wide recognition. His health registration
reports also gave rise to new views and reforms
on sanitary science. Having officiated as a Lecturer
in the Harvard Medical School from 1867 to 1S71,
he was appointed in the latter year to the new
Professorship of Hygiene at Harvard, and filled the
chair until his death, which occurred in lioston,
June 20, 1S74. Dr. Derby was a fellow of the
American Academy. His published works are :
Annual Reports Massachusetts State Hoard of
Health, 1866-1S73; Anthracite and Health.

Physic, continuing in active service in that Chair
until 1836 and as " Emeritus " Professor for the rest
of his life. Dr. Jackson died in lioston, August 27,
1S67, aged ninety years. Tiie degrees of Bachelor
and Doctor of Medicine were conferred upon him
by Harvard in 1802 and 1811 respectively, while
tliat of Doctor of Laws was bestowed upon him in
1854, and from 1844 to 1846 he was an Overseer
of the institution. His name is commemorated at
Harvard by the Jackson Professorship of Clinical
Medicine, established in 1S54 in place of the e.xist-
ing Lectureship, and named in his honor. He was

JACKSON, James, 1777-1867.

Born in Newburyport, Mass., 1777 ; graduated at
Harvard 1796; studied medicine in Salem, Mass., and
London, Eng.; practised in Boston, 1800-66; first Phys-
ician at the Massachusetts General Hospital; Hersey
Professor of the Theory and Practice of Physic at
Harvard, 1812-36 and Emeritus Professor for the rest
of his life; Overseer of Harvard 1844-46; member of
various learned bodies and author of numerous works;
died in Boston, 1867.

JAMES JACKSON, ALD., LL.D., Medical Pro-
fessor at Harvard, active and " Emeritus," for
fifty-seven years, was a son of Jonathan Jackson, a
former Treasurer of the College, and was born in
Newburyport, Massachusetts, October 3, 1777. His
Bachelor's and Master's degrees were taken at Har-
vard, the former in 1 796, and the latter in course.
After graduating, his time was occupied for a year
as a teacher in the Leicester Academy, and for some
months as a clerk for his father, who at that time
held an office under the government. His medical
studies, which were begun in the office of Dr. Edward
.A. Holyoke of Salem, he completed at St. Thomas'
Hospital, London, where he acted as an Assistant
while attending lectures, and entering professional
life in Boston in the year 1800, he practised there
for sixty-six years. The establishment of an insane
asylum at SomerviUe, and of the Massachusetts
General Hospital in Boston, were originally pro-
posed by Dr. Jackson and Dr. John C. Watson, and
when the last-named institution was ready to be
opened Dr. Jackson was appointed Physician in
charge, a post which he held until resigning in 1835.
Summoned to the Lectureship of Clinical Medicine
at Harvard in 1810, he exchanged in 181 2 for the
Hersey Professorship of the Tlieory and Practice of
VOL. n. — 21

JAMES JACKSON

also honored with the Presidency of the American
Academy of Arts and Sciences and of the Massachu-
setts Medical Society, was a member of the American
Philosophical Society and honorary member of the
Royal Medical and Chirurgical Societies of London.
His writings consist mainly of essays and papers on
a variety of subjects relative to medical science, and
besides these he was the author of a Eulogy on Dr.
John Warren, a Memoir of James Jackson, Jr., his
son, and Letters to a Young Physician.

KENT, William, 1802-1861.

Born in New York City, 1802; graduated at Union,
1820; practised law successfully; Judge of the Circuit

322

VNIVERSiriES AND THEIR SONS

Court; Law Professor at Harvard, 1846-1847 ; died in
Fishkill, 1861.

WILLIAM KENT, LL.I)., Professor ;it the
Harvard Law School, was born in New
Vork City in 1802. His father, James Kent, an
eminent Jurist, and Professor of Law at Coknnbia,
was a graduate of Vale in 1781, and was one of the
founders of the Phi l!eta Kappa Society in i 780. His
grandfather Moss Kent, was graduated at Vale in
1752, and became Surrogate of Rensselaer county.
New Vork ; and his great-grandfather, Elisha Kent,
also a Vale graduate, Class of i 729, became a clergy-
man. William Kent acquired his classical education
at Union, taking his Bachelor's degree in 1820 and
his Master's degree in course. His legal studies were
followed by an eminently successful practice, which
he continued until appointed Judge of the Circuit
Court of New Vork by Governor Seward. Retiring
from the Bench in 1846 he accepted a call to the
Royall Professorship in the Harvard Law School
which he resigned the ensuing year, and returning
to the metropolis, was thenceforward occupied in
the adjustment of referee cases. He died in Fish-
kill, New Vork, January 4, 1861. Professor Kent
received the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws
from Hobart in 1843, and from Harvard in 1S47.
He was a member of the American Philosophical
Society.

LATHROP, John, 1835-

Born in Boston, Mass., 1835 ; graduated at Burlington
College, N. J., 1853, and from the Harvard Law School
1855; admitted to the Massachusetts Bar 1856, and to
that of the United States Supreme Court 1872: prac-
tised in Boston; served one year in the Civil War;
Reporter of Supreme Court Decisions, 1874-88; Justice
of Superior Court, 1888-91 ; elevated to State Supreme
Bench in the latter year; Lecturer at the Harvard Law
School 1871-72, and at the Boston University Law
School 1873-80-83.

JOHN L.\THROP, A.M., Law Lecturer at Har-
vard, was born in Boston, February 8, 1S35.
He is a son of the Rev. John P. and Maria Margaretta
(Long) Lathrop, grandson of John Lathrop, a grad-
uate of Harvard 1789, and a noted writer of his
day ; great-grandson of the Rev. John Lothrop,
(Princeton 1763) Pastor of the Second Church
in Boston from 1768 to 1816, and a Fellow of
Harvard for nearly forty years ; and a descendant
in the eighth generation of his original American
ancestor, the Rev. John Lothrop, who arrived from
England in 1634 on board of the ship " Griffin"

and foundetl the churches in Scituate and Barn-
stable, Massachusetts. The Rev. John P. Lothrop,
who died in 1S43, was a clergyman of the Episco-
pal denomination and a Chaplain in the Lhiited
States Navy. Judge Lathroj) pursued his prelimi-
nary studies in the public schools of Boston, took
his Bachelor's and Master's degrees at Burlington
College, New Jersey, the former in 1853, and the
latter in course, and was graduated at the Harvard
Law School with the degree of Bachelor of Laws in
1S55. His legal preparations were concluded under
the direction of Francis C. Loring, of Boston, and

JOHN LATHROP

immediately after his admission to the Suffolk Bar
in 1856, he began the practice of his profession in
that city. The large general law business which
he rapidly secured, was later interspersed with
numerous important Admiralty cases, the successful
handling of which caused him to be regarded as a
specialist in that branch of practice, and he was ad-
mitted to the Federal Courts in 1872. He was
Reporter of the State Supreme Court Decisions from
1S74 to 1888, when Governor Ames appointed him
a Justice of the Superior Court, and in 1891 he was
selected by Governor Russell to succeed the late
Charles Devens, as .Associate Justice of the Supreme
judicial Court. From the time of his admission to
the Bar until he ascended the Bench he was con-

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

323

stantly engaged in practice with the sinj^le excep-
tion of a year spent as an officer in the Civil War,
which he entered as First Lieutenant in tiie Thirty-
fifth Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry in
1S62 and was promoted to the rank of Captain, but
ill health contracted in the army compelled him to
resign. In 187 1 and 1872 he held a Lectureship at
the Harvard Law School, and in 1873, 1880 and
1883 was Lecturer in the Law Department of the
Boston LTniversity. On June 24, 1875, Judge
Lathrop married Eliza I). I'arker, daughter of
Richard G. and Mary Ann (Davis) Parker. He
is a member of the Colonial Society of Massachu-
setts, and the St. Botolph and Union Clubs of
Boston.

MOODY, Joshua, 1633-1697.

Born in Wales, 1633 : graduated at Harvard, 1653 ;
Fellow and Tutor, 1656-58: ordained to the ministry,
1671 ; Assistant Pastor of First Church, Boston, 1684;
dismissed for opposing witchcraft prosecutions ; labored
diligently to preserve the purity of the Church and
wrote four thousand and seventeen sermons ; died in
Boston, Mass., 1697.

JOSHUA MOODY, A.M., Fellow of Harvard,
was born in Wales in 1633, son of William
Moody, who emigrated with his family in 1634 and
located in Newbury, Massachusetts. Having fin-
ished his studies at Harvard when twenty years old,
he resumed his connection with the College in
1656, acting as a Tutor and holding a Fellowship
for two years, and although he entered the Congre-
gational ministry in 1658, he was not ordained until
167 1. While holding a Pastorate in New Hamp-
shire his earnest endeavors to preserve the purity of
his church were regarded with disfavor by (iovernor
Edward Cranfield, who imprisoned him, but subse-
quently accorded him his liberty with the under-
standing that he should abstain from preaching in
that locality. In 16S4 he was offered the Presi-
dency of Harvard, which he declined, preferring to
devote his entire attention to the interests of the
First Church, Boston, to the Associate Pastorship of
which he was called the same year. That he was a
man far in advance of his time is amply demon-
strated by his open hostility to the witchcraft prose-
cutions, opposing the severity of the proceedings
as being contrary to religions purity, which com-
mendable opinion seems not to have been shared
by any of his contemporaries including the learned
Cotton -VLather, and for assisting in the escape of
Philip English and wife, two unfortunates alleged
to be possessed, he was dismissed from the First

Church in 1692. The last five years of his life
were spent mostly in Portsmouth, New Hampshire.
He died in Boston, Massachusetts, July 4, 1697.
Mr. Moody is supposed to have written no less than
four thousand and seventeen sermons as a volume
of his discourses in manuscript preserved by the
Massachusetts Historical Society, concludes with a
sermon bearing that number.

NICHOLS, Ichabod, 1784-1859.

Born in Portsmouth, N. H,, 1784; graduated at Har-
vard, 1802; Tutor there, 1805-1809; Pastor of the First
Congregational Church, Portland, Me., 1814 1855 ; Trus-
tee and Vice-President of Bowdoin ; died in Cambridge,
Mass., 1859.

ICHABOD NICHOLS, S.P.D., Tutor at Harvard,
was born in Portsmouth, New Hampshire,
Julys, 17S4. Graduating at Harvard in 1802, he
was Tutor in Mathematics there from 1805 to 1809.
and having completed his theological studies was
called to the First Congregational Church, Portland,
Maine, as Associate Pastor. He succeeded to the
Pastorship in 1 814 and officiated without an assis-
tant for over forty years, until his retirement in 1855.
The last four years of his life were devoted to lit-
erary labors, and he died in Cambridge, Massachu-
setts, January 2, 1859. For a number of years,
fJr. Nichols was Vice-President and Trustee of
Bowdoin, which made him a Doctor of Divinity in
182 1, and he received the degree of Doctor of
Divinity froin Harvard in 1831. He was a con-
servative Llnitarian, a ripe scholar, and his name
appears among the list of Vice-Presidents of the
American Academy of Arts and Sciences. His
published works include : Natural Theology, and
two posthumous volumes entitled : Hours with the
Evangelists ; and Remembered Words from the Ser-
mons of Rev. Ichabod Nichols. George Nichols,
his nephew, was graduated from Harvard in 1828,
and from the I!)ivinity School in 1831, acted as
Instructor in Mathematics in the College in 1833
and 1834, and was subsequently employed as a
private tutor. For some years he was joint pro-
prietor of the LTniversity Bookstore, Cambridge, and
in 1842 acquired an interest in the LTniversity Press.
He published an edition of Burke's works, the text
of which he improved by the correction of numer-
ous errors, edited the works of Charles Sumner, and
was regular proof-reader for the Atlantic Monthly
some years. He died July 5, 1SS2, aged seventy-
three years. Harvanl gave him the degree of
Master of Arts in 187 1.

324

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

MABERY, Charles Frederic.

Born in North Gorham, Me.; graduated at the Law-
rence Scientific School (Harvard), 1876; Assistant in
Chemistry there, 1874-1883; Professor of Chemistry at
the Case School of Applied Science, Cleveland, Ohio;
made progress in the line of chemical research, and
was concerned in developing the electric production of
aluminum.

CHARLES FREDERR: M.\HERY, S.D.,
Assistant in Chemistry at Harvard, was
Ijorn in Nortli Corliam. Cumberland county,
Maine. His cliemical studies were pursued at
the Scientific Department of Harvard, where he

CH-4RLES FREDERIC MABERY

was graduated in 1S76, and in which he was an
Assistant from 1874 to 18S3, receiving in 1889 the
degree of Doctor of Science. Accepting the Chair
of Chemistry at the Case School of Applied Science,
Cleveland, Ohio, in 1883, he continued to supple-
ment his routine work by numerous lines of investi-
gation in the fields of pure and applied chemistry,
and his reseaches relative to the development of
electric smelting in the interest of the com-
pany controlling the patents, contributed to the
discovery of various new processes. Professor
Mabery has contributed numerous articles to the
American Chemical Journal and other scientific
publications at home and abroad. He is a fellow
of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences ;

fellow of the American Philosophical Society ; a
member of the German Chemical Society, of the
London Society of Chemical Industry, the Ameri-
can Association for the Advancement of Science
and of various other scientific societies. He is
widely known in connection with his extended re-
searches on the composition of American petroleum.

NOYES, George Rapall, 1798-1868.

Born in Newburyport, Mass., 1798; graduated at
Harvard, 1818 ; from the Divinity School, 1822; Tutor
1825-1827 ; held a Pastorate in Petersham, Mass., some
years; Lecturer and Professor at Harvard, 1840-68;
proficient in ancient philology and widely known as a
scriptural translator; died in Cambridge, 1868.

GEORGE RAPALL NOYES, S.T.D., Professor
of Hebrew at the Harvard Divinity School,
was born in Newburyport, Massachusetts, March 6,
1798. He pursued his classical and theological
studies at Harvard, graduating from the College in
1818, and from the Divinity School in 1822. He
was a Tutor in the College for two years, and
entered the Unitarian ministry in 1827. In the
same year he was installed Pastor of the First
Church, Petersham, Massachusetts, where he re-
mained for some years. Returning to Harvard in
1840 as a member of the Faculty, he took the Chair
of Oriental Languages and the Dexter Lectureship
on Sacred Literature, both of which he retained for
the rest of his life, and was one of the most emi-
nent scholars ever called to these posts. His profi-
ciency in Greek, Hebrew and other ancient languages,
and his superior knowledge of oriental literature en-
abled him to take high rank as a scriptural translator
and commentator, and he prepared a new rendering
of the Old and New Testaments, with copious notes.
Professor Noyes died in Cambridge, June 3, 1868.
The degrees of Master of Arts, and Doctor of
Divinity, were conferred upon him by Harvard, the
latter in 1839, and he was also honored with a
fellowship by the American Academy of Arts and
Sciences. Besides his translation of the Bible pre-
viously alluded to, he published amended versions
of some of its principal books, and Theological
Essays, Selected from Various Authors. Stephen
Butterick Noyes, son of George R., was a graduate
of Harvard, Class of 1853, was Librarian of the
Athenaeum, Mercantile and Public Libraries, Brook-
lyn, New York, and Congressional Librarian from
1866 to 1868. He died in Deland, Florida, March
8, 1885, at the age of fifty-one years.

UNIFERSiriES AND THRTR SONS

325

PAINE, John Knowles, 1839-

Born in Portland, Me., 1839; first public appearance
as organist at the age of seventeen; studied abroad
under Haupt; Professor of Music at Harvard; com-
poser of St. Peter, an oratorio ; Symphony in C
Minor; The Tempest; Spring Symphony in A;
Island Fantasy; Phcebus, Arise, cantata; Realm of
Fancy; Sonata in B Minor; Song of Promise; The
Nativity; composer of the music for the Greek play
CEdipus Tyrannus ; Centennial Hymn, Columbus
March and Hymn ; and Azara, grand opera.

JOHN KNOWLES P.\INE, A.M., Mus.D., Pro-
fessor of Music at Harvard, was born in Port-
land, Maine, January 9, 1839, son of Jacob and
Rebecca Beebe (Downes) Paine, both of whom
came of New England ancestry. He began the
study of music at an early age under Herman
Kotzschmar. From 1S58 to 1861 he studied in
Berlin, taking organ playing and composition under
August Haupt. In 1862 he was appointed iMusical
Instructor at Harvard, and in 1S75 Professor of
Music. His early compositions consist of Preludes
and Fugues, etc., Concert Variations on the Aus-
trian Hymn and the Star Spangled Banner, for the
organ ; piano Sonata, etc., part songs and anthems.
His first large work was the Mass in D ; brought
out under his direction in the Ling academic in
1867. His oratorio, St. Peter, was brought out in
Portland, in 1S73, and by the Handel and H.aydn
Society of Boston in 1874. His first great success
was the production of the Symphony in C Minor
by Theodore Thomas, in Boston, 1S76. His other
important compositions are in the following chrono-
logical order : Sonata in B Minor for piano and
violin, 1875 ; Overture to As You Like It, 1876 ;
Centennial Hymn, performed at the celebration at
Philadelphia, 1876; Symphonic Poem; Tempest,
1877 ; played with great success by Thomas'
Orchestra in Cambridge, Boston, New York, Chi-
cago, etc. ; Larghetto and Scherzo for piano, violin
and violoncello, 1877 ; Duo Concertante for violin
and violoncello and orchestra, 187S ; Spring Sym-
phony in A, 18S0 : his most important work in this
form of composition. (Edipus Tyrannus for male
chorus and orchestra composed for the represen-
tation of the Greek play at Harvard University in
1 88 1. The production of this music made a pro-
found impression and brought the composer's name
very prominently before the general public. The
cantatas, Phcebus, .\rise, words by Drummond, for
male chorus and orchestra ; Realm of Fancy, words
by Keats, for chorus, quartet and orchestra, 1S82,
The Nativity, words by Milton, composed for the

ILmdel and Haydn Society festival of 1SS3 and
the Song of Promise, composed for the Cincinnati
festival of 1888; Symphonic Poem; an Island
Fantasy for orchestra, 1889; Columbus March and
Hymn for chorus and orchestra, composed for the
opening ceremonies of the World's Columbian
Exposition at Chicago, 1892. Professor Paine's
latest work is the opera of Azara, for which he has
written the libretto as well as the music, 1899.
Other minor compositions, songs, part songs,
piano pieces, etc., might be included in this list.
With regard to Professor Paine's services at Har-

JOHN K. PAINE

vard, Mr. John Fiske says : " He gradually de-
veloped a department of instruction in music such
as had never before been seen in the United States.
It is due to him that music at Harvard has been put
on the same level with philosophy, science and
classical philology, counting as much toward the de-
grees of Master of Arts or Doctor of Philosophy."
The example set by Harvard in music has been
followed in recent years by Yale, Columbia and
other LIniversities. He received the honorary de-
gree of Master of .Yrts from Harvard in 1869 and
that of Doctor of Music from Yale in 1890. He
was elected a fellow of the American Academy of
Arts and Sciences. Mr. Paine married in 1869
Mary p;iizabeth Greely of Cambridge.

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

PALFREY, John Gorham, 1796-1881.

Born in Boston, Mass., 1796; graduated at Harvard,
1815; entered the Unitarian ministry; Pastor of the
Brattle St. Church, Boston, 1818-1830; Professor of
Sacred Literature at Harvard till 1839 ; member of the
Legislature, 1842-43; Secretary of the State, 1844-48;
member of Congress, 1847-49: Postmaster at Boston,
1861-67 ; anti-slavery advocate : Overseer of Harvard a
number of years; lecturer, editor and author; died in
Cambridge, 1881.

JOHN GORHAM PALFREY, S.T.D., l.L.D.,
Professor of Sacred Literature at Har\^ard, was
born in Boston, Massacliusetts, ALay 2, 1796, son of
William Palfrey, a Revolutionary patriot. Graduating
from Harvard in 1815, and completing his theological
studies in 181S, he was chosen in the latter year to
succeed Edward Everett in the Pastorate of the
Brattle Street Church, (Unitarian) Boston, and re-
mained with that society until 1830. Abandoning
his pulpit for a Professorship at Harvard, he held
the Chair of Sacred Literature there till 1839, when
his attention and energies were diverted to other
channels of usefulness. Entering the political field
he served two terms in the ALassachusetts Legisla-
ture (1842-1843), held the ciifice of State Secretary
from 1S44 to 1848, was elected to Congress as a
Whig in 1846, was defeated as the Free-Soil candi-
date in 1848, and from 1861 to 1867 he held the
appointment of Postmaster at Boston. He was one
of the first anti-slavery agitators to openly advocate
abolition, emphasizing his views by liberating a
number of slaves in Louisiana which he had in-
herited, and a series of articles on The Progress of
the Slave Power prepared by him for the Boston
Whig in 1846 accomplished much toward strength-
ening the cause of abolition throughout the North.
From 1835 to 1843 he edited the North American
Review, and during the years 1839 and 1842 he
delivered courses of lectures before the Lowell
Listitute, Boston. In 1867 he was a delegate to
the Anti-Slavery Congress at Paris, and after his
return he retired to his home in Cambridge, where
he died April 26, 1881. Besides his Master's de-
gree Professor Palfrey received from Harvard those
of Doctor of Divinity in 1834, and Doctor of Laws
in 1869 ; was an Overseer of the College from 1828
to 1831, and again from 1852 to 1855. The degree
of Doctor of Laws was also conferred upon him by
St. Andrews in 1838. He was a member of the
Massachusetts Historical Society. His literary works
include besides those previously mentioned numerous
timely articles printed in the Boston Commonwealth,
of which he was Editor in 1851 ; Two Discourses

on tlie History of the Brattle Street Church; Life
of William Palfrey for Sparks' .American Biography ;
.Academical Lectures on the Jewish Scriptures and
Anticiuities ; Elements of ChaUlee, Syriac, Samaritan
and Rabbinical Grammar ; Discourse at Barnstable.
September 3, 1839, at the celebration of the Second
Centennial .Anniversary of the Setdement of Cape
Cod ; The Relation between Judaism and Chris-
tianity; and History of New England to 1875.

PARKER, Joel, 1795-1875.

Born in Jaffrey, N. H., 1795; graduated at Dart-
mouth, 1811 ; engaged in the practice of law at Keene,
N. H., 1815; member of the Legislature, 1824-26;
elevated to the Supreme Bench 1833. and to the Chief-
Justiceship 1836; Professor of Medical Jurisprudence
at Dartmouth 1847-57, and Law Professor at Harvard
1847 until his death in 1875.

JOEL PARKER, LL.D., Royall Professor of Law
at Harvard, w-as born in Jaffrey, New Hamp-
shire, January 25, 1795. After graduating from
Dartmouth (181 1) and completing his law studies,
he was admitted to the Bar, and locating in Keene,
New Hampshire in 1815, he rapidly acquired prom-
inence in the legal profession of the Granite State.
As a member of the Lower House of the Legislature
he displayed to the public's advantage that superior
intelligence and honesty of purpose which subse-
quently characterized his judicial decisions. In
1833 he was elevated to the Supreme Bench, was
advanced to the honorable position of Chief-Justice
in 1836, and presided over the committee formu-
lated to revise the public statutes in 1S40. In 1847
he was chosen Professor of Medical Jurisprudence
at Dartmouth and the same year was called to the
Royall Professorship of Law at Harvard, holding the
former post for ten years, and the latter until 1868.
Judge Parker died in Cambridge, Massachusetts,
August 17, 1875. The degree of Doctor of Laws
was conferred upon him by Dartmouth in 1837,
and by Harvard in 184S, and the .American Acad-
emy of Arts and Sciences and the Massachusetts
Historical Society added his name to their member-
ship rolls. He published an address on : Progress ;
Daniel Webster as a Jurist ; A Charge to the Grand
Jury on the Lhicertainty ot Law ; The Non-Exten-
sion of .Slavery ; Personal Liberty Laws and Slavery
in the Territories ; The Right of Secession ; Con-
stitutional Law ; Habeas Corpus and Martial Law ;
The War Powers of Congress and the President ;
Revolution and Construction ; The Three Powers
of Government ; and Conflict of Decisions.

UNIVERSITIES AND IIIEIli SONS

327

PARKER. Isaac, 1768-1830.

Born in Boston, Mass., 1768: graduated at Harvard,
1786; admitted to the Bar and began practice in Cas-
tine. Me.; elected to Congress in 1796; U S. Marshal
for District of Maine, 1797-1801 ; removed to Portland
in 1806 and later returned to Boston ; Associate Judge
of the Mass. Supreme Court some years and Chief-
Justice from 1814 until his death ; President of the
Mass. Constitutional Convention, 1820; Law Professor
at Harvard 1815-1827; and Overseer 1810-1830; died in
Boston, 1830.

IS.\.\C PARKER, LL.L)., I'rofessor and Overseer
at Harvard, was born in Boston, Massachusetts,
June 1 7, I 768. Educated at Harvard, Class of 1 786,
he taught school previous to becoming a law student,
and inaugurating his practice in Castine, Maine,
then considered a promising locality for advance-
ment, he became prominent among the early
lawyers of that district. He served as a Federalist
member of Congress, to which he was elected in
1796, and was United States Marshal for the Dis-
trict of Maine from 1797 to 1801. In 1806 he
became an Associate Judge of the Massachusetts
Supreme Court, having previously located in Port-
land, and later returning to Boston was in 1814
elevated to the Chief-Justiceship, which he retained
for the rest of his life. From 1815 to 1827 he held
the Royall Professorship of Law at Harvard, and
h.iving joined the Board of Overseers in 18 10, he
continued to serve in that capacity until 1S30. He
was selected to preside over the Massachusetts
Constitutional Convention of 1820, and during the
deliberations of that body he several times called
another to the chair in order to engage in the
debates. Judge Parker died in Pioston, May 26,
1830. He was honored by Harvard with the degree
of Doctor of Laws in 18 14, and was given a fellow-
ship in the American .\cademy of Arts and .Sciences.
Besides the reports of his decisions he published
an Oration on Washington ; and a Sketch of the
Character of Chief-Justice Parsons.

PARKER, George Howard, 1864-

Born in Philadelphia, Penn., 1864: graduated at the
Lawrence Scientific School, Harvard, 1887; studied
Zoology in the Harvard Graduate School, in Germany
and in Italy: Instructor in Zoology at Harvard: mem'
ber of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadel-
phia, American Morphological Society and the Boston
Society of Natural History and fellow of the American
Academy of Arts and Sciences.

GEORGE HOWARD PARKER, S.D., In-
structor in Zoology at Harvard, son of
George Washington and Martha (Taylor) Parker,'

was born in Philadelphia, Pennyslvania, December
23, 1S64. He studied at the Friends' Central
School in his native city and after that prepared
himself with home study for College, entering the
Lawrence Scientific School at Harvard, where he
graduated in 18S7. Four years later he received
from Harvard the degree of Doctor of .Science,
having meanwhile studied Zoology at the Harvard
Ciraduate School. The next two years were spent
in study in Germany and Italy. From 1888 until
1 89 1 he had been Instructor in Zoology at Harvard,
and in 1893 was again given the same position. Mr.

G. H. PARKKR

Parker is a member of the .'\cademy of Natural
Sciences of Philadelphia, the Boston Society of
Natural History, and the American Morphological
Society, and is a Fellow of the American Academy
of Arts and Sciences. He married, June 15, 1894,
Louise Merritt Stabler, of Brooklyn, New York.

PARKMAN, George, 1791-1849.

Born in Boston, Mass., 1791; graduated at Harvard,
i8og: took his medical degree at the University of
Aberdeen, 1813: practised in Boston, and was one of
the early American insanity experts ; medical writer
of note and a benefactor of Harvard ; died, 1849.

GEORGE PARKMAN, A.M., M.D., Benefactor
of Harvard, was a grandson of the Rev.
Ebenezer Parkman, for sixty-five years Pastor of

328 UNIVERSiriES AND THEIR SONS

a church in Westboroiigh, Massachusetts

. Born in

Boston in 1791, he took his Uachelor's degree at
Harvard in 1S09, and applying himself immediately
to the study of medicine, was graduated from the
University of Aberdeen, Scotland, in 1S13, with the
degree of Doctor of Medicine. The rest of his life
was devoted to the practice of his profession in
Boston, where he spent much time in investigating
the different phases of insanity, and the circum-
stances of his tragic death at the hands of Professor
Webster may with propriety be abbreviated in the
present sketch. Dr. Parkman was actively concerned
in developing the Medical Department of Harvard,
donating the land in Boston for the erection of a
Medical School building, and in 1847 he founded
the Professorship of Anatomy and Physiology which
bears his name. He was the author of Proposals
for Establishing a Retreat for the Insane ; and A
Treatise on Insanity and the Management of the
Insane.

PARSONS, Theophilus, 1750-1813.

Born in Byfield, Mass., 1750; graduated at Harvard,
1769; admitted to the Bar, 1774; practised law in New-
buryport and Boston; delegate to the Conventions
which ratified the State and Federal Constitutions ;
member of the Legislature; Chief-Justice of the Mas-
sachusetts Supreme Court, 1806-13; Fellow of Har-
vard, 1806-12; died, 1813.

THEOPHILUS PARSONS, LL.D., Fellow of
Har\'ard, was born in Byfield, Massachu-
setts, February 24, 1750, son of the Rev. Moses
Parsons, Pastor of the Congregational Church in
that village for over forty years. The completion
of his classical course was followed by a close appli-
cation to the study of law, and he began practice in
what is now Portland, Maine, where he was admitted
lo the Bar in 1 7 74. The destruction of that place
by the British in 1775 stayed his progress for a time,
but he subsequently resumed his profession in New-
buryport, Massachusetts, where his ability soon
brought him a large practice both in his own local-
ity and in all parts of New England. As a Federal-
ist he opposed with speech and pen the acceptance
of the first State Constitution offered for adoption,
but as a delegate to the Convention of 1779 he
favored the ratification of the second instrument,
and being sent in the same capacity to the Conven-
tion of 1788, he ably supported John Hancock,
Rufus King and others in securing the state's
acceptance of the Federal Constitution. He served
in the Legislature several terms, but gradually with-

drew from politics. In i Soo he moved to Boston,
and in 1806 was chosen Chief-Justice of the State
Supreme Court, retaining that otifice until his death,
October 30, 1S13. Judge Parsons was noted as a
ripe scholar, an able lawyer, and a jurist of unusually
quick and accurate perception, retaining all forms
of local usage worthy of preservation, and earnestly
striving to e.xjiedite the disposal of cases, and al-
though his rulings were rendered with an impressive
dignity, they were sometimes tempered with an
applicable display of wit as refreshing as it was
pungent. From 1806 to 181 2 he was a Fellow of
Harvard which made him a Doctor of Laws in 1804,
and the same degree was conferred upon him by
Dartmouth and Brown in 1807 and 1809 respec-
tively. He became a fellow of the American Acad-
emy of Arts and Sciences at an early date in the
history of that body.

PARSONS, Theophilus, 1797-1882.

Born in Newburyport, Mass., 1797; graduated at
Harvard, 1815; practised law successfully in Taunton
and Boston ; Dane Professor of Law at Harvard, 1848-
1870; a well-known legal and religious writer; died,
1882.

THEOPHILLTS PARSONS, LL.D., Dane Pro-
fessor of Law at Harvard, son of the Chief-
Justice of the same name, was born in Newburyport,
Massachusetts, May 17, 1797. After completing his
classical course at Harvard (1S15), and concluding
his law studies, he spent some time in foreign
travel, and upon his return entered into practice in
Taunton, Massachusetts, later removing to Boston.
In 1848 he was called to the Dane Professorship
of Law at Harvard, which he retained until 1870,
and in 1849 the College conferred upon him the
degree of Doctor of Laws. He founded and for
some time was Editor of the United States Free
Press, and devoted much time to literary pursuits,
writing extensively upon legal and religious subjects.
Professor Parsons died in Cambridge, Massachusetts,
January 26, 1882. He was a fellow of the American
Academy of .\rts and Sciences, and a founder of the
Massachusetts Historical Society. Besides a memoir
of his father he published a number of works relat-
ing to the Swedenborgian doctrine, chief among
which are : Deus Homo ; The Infinite and Finite ;
and Outlines of the Religion and Philosophy of
Swedenborg. His contributions to the law litera-
ture of the day consist of The Law of Conscience ;
Elements of Mercantile Law; Laws of Business for

UNIVERSITIES JND THEIR SONS

329

Business Men ; Maritime T-aw ; Notes and Bills of
Exchange; Shipping anil Admiralty; and The Poli-
tical, Personal and I'roperty Rights of a Citizen of
the United States.

PICKERING, Edward Charles, 1846-

Born in Boston, 1846; educated at the Boston Latin
School and the Lawrence Scientific School; Instructor
in the Lawrence Scientific School; Professor at the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Director of
the Harvard College Observatory; fellow of the
American Academy; member of the National Academy
of Sciences, associate member of the Royal Astronom-
ical Society of London and the Astronomical Society
of Liverpool, and other organizations.

EDWARD CHARLliS PICKERING, LL.D.,
Professor of Astronomy and Director of the
Observatory at Har\-ard, was born in Boston July 19,
1846, son of Edward and Charlotte (Hammond)
Pickering. His father was a direct descendant of
Colonel Timothy Pickering, who was a member of
Washington's cabinet and who traced his ancestry
back to John Pickering 1615-1657. After being
educated at private schools and the Boston Latin
School, Mr. Pickering entered the Lawrence Scien-
tific School at Harvard where he graduated in 1865.
He taught mathematics at Cambridge for two years,
but was soon after elected Thayer Professor of
Physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
In 1869 he joined the Nautical Almanac party
formed to observe the total eclipse of August 7 th, of
that year, in Iowa, and in 1870 was engaged on a
similar mission with a Coast Survey party which
went to Spain. From 1876 to 1887 he was Director
and Phillips Professor of Astronomy in the Harvard
College Observatory, and since 1877 has been
Director of the Observatory and filled the Paine
Professorship of Practical Astronomy, founded in
that year under the will of Robert Treat Paine of
the Class of 1822. Many observations in optics
were conducted by him and under his charge wliile
at the Institute of Technology, and valuable papers
appeared over his signature in the scientific journals,
relating to the polarization of glass and of the sky.
He also attained high success in his system of
laboratory methods of teaching physics, a system
which he explained in his Physical Manipulation.
Many other institutions have adopted his methods
as the best in vogue. His work at the Observatory
has consisted mainly in developing the physical de-
partments of Astronomy, including astronomical
photography and studies of the light and spectra
of the stars. The endowment of the Observatory

has increased fivefold during his administration,
and its work has been greatly extended by the
establishment of meteorological and astronomical
stations in South .America. Professor Pickering re-
ceived the degree of Doctor of Laws in 18S6 from
the LTniversity of California and in 1887 from the
University of Michigan. He is a fellow of the
.American .Acadeni)', a member of the National
.Academy of Science, an associate member of the
Royal .Astronomical Society of London and the
Astronomical Society of Liverpool, and holds hon-

EDWARD C. PICKERING

orary membership in several foreign bodies, in-
cluding the Geographical Society of Mexico, the
Astronomical Society of France and the Spectro-
scopic Society of Italy. He married March 9,
1874, Lizzie Wadsworth, daughter of the late Jared
Sparks.

PECK, William Dandridge, 1763-1822.

Born in Boston, Mass., 1763; graduated at Harvard,
1782; studied natural history and was Professor of that
study at Harvard from 1805 until his death ; visited
the scientific institutions of Europe; collected valuable
books and specimens; issued a catalogue of American
and foreign plants; died, 1822.

WILLIAM DANDRIDGE PECK, A.M.,
Professor of Natural History at Harvard,
was a son of John Peck, a noted .American ship-

33°

UNIJ'ERSITIES JND THEIR SONS

builder of the Revolutionary period, ami was born
in Boston, Massachusetts, May 8, 1763. loitering
Harvard, he was graduated in 17S2, and for a time
was employed in a business office. A desire to
obtain a knowledge of natural history at length
engrosseil his entire attention, anil after a period
of twenty years devoted to study and investigation
during which he constructed a microscope and
other instruments necessary for his researches, in
1805 he accepted the Professorship of that study at
Harvard, retaining the Chair for the rest of his life.
He died October 3, 1S22. While on a visit to the
scientific institutions of Europe, whither he was sent
by Harvard, he secured quite an extensive collec-
tion of rare books and specimens, and in 18 18
published a Catalogue of American and Foreign
Plants. Some of his scientific articles are pre-
served by the Massachusetts Historical Society, of
which he was a member. He also belonged to the
American Philosophical Society, and was a fellow of
the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the
memoirs of which latter organization contain an
account of a sea-serpent, written by him.

PEARSON, Eliphalet, 1752-1826.

Born in Newbury, Mass., 1752; graduated at Har-
vard, 1773; studied theology and licensed to preach;
manufactured gunpowder during the Revolutionary
War; first Principal of the Phillips-Andover Academy ;
held the Chair of Oriental Languages at Harvard,
1786-1806; Professor of English and Acting President,
1804-06; Fellow 1800 to 1806; ordained Pastor of the
Congregational Church, Andover, 1808; first Professor
of Sacred Literature at the Andover Theological Sem-
inary which he assisted in establishing; author of a
Hebrew grammar and other publications; died in
Greenland, N. H., 1826.

EIJPHALET PEARSON, LL.D., Acting Presi-
dent of Harvard, was born in Newbury,
Massachusetts, June 11, 1752. Graduating from
Harvard in 1773, he studied theology and received
a license to preach which he was unable to do at
the time on account of impaired vision. Accepting
a commission from the General Court to manufac-
ture gunpowder for the American Army, he was
thus employed until 1778, when he was selected by
Samuel Phillips as the first Principal of Andover
Academy, continuing in that capacity until 1786.
Called to Harvard in the latter year to fill the Chair
of Oriental Languages, he retained his membership
of the College Faculty for the succeeding twenty
years, holding the Professorship of English I,anguage
and Literature in connection with his other duties

for two years, served as a member of the Corpora-
tion from 1800 to 1806, and receiving the appoint-
ment to fill the vacancy caused by the death of
President Joseph Willani in 1804, he remained in
office two years. Returning to Andover he took a
prominent part in promoting and organizing the
Theological Seminary in that town and was the first
occupant of the Chair of Sacred Literature, which
he resigned at the expiration of a year. In 1808
he accepted a call to the Pastorate of the Congre-
gational Church, Andover, which he retained until
retirement from professional work, and his last years
were devoted principally to the cultivation of a farm.
Professor Pearson died in Greenland, New Hamp-
shire, September 12, 1826. In 1802 he received
from Yale and Princeton the degree of Doctor of
Laws. He was President of the Society for Pro-
moting Christian Knowledge, Secretary of the Amer-
ican Academy of Arts and Sciences, one of the
founders of the American Educational Society, mem-
ber of the Massachusetts Historical Society, and
of several other organizations. His publications in-
clude a Hebrew Grammar ; Sermon on the death of
President Joseph Willard ; occasional discourses;
and the most important of his works left in manu-
script is a course of lectures on languages, delivered
at Harvard.

PICKERING, John, 1777-1846.

Born in Salem, Mass., 1777 ; graduated at Harvard,
1796; received the degree of LL.D. from Harvard 1835
and Bowdoin 1822; member of the Board of Overseers
of Harvard, 1818-1825; President American Academy
of Arts and Sciences; member Massachusetts Histor-
ical and American Philological Societies, and corres-
ponding member Soci6te Archfiologique d'Athfenes;
died in Boston, Mass., 1846.

JOHN PICKERING, LL.D., Overseer of Har-
vard, was born in Salem, Massachusetts, Feb-
ruary 7, 1777. He was graduated at Harvard in
1796, and during the ensuing year studied law
in Philadelphia. In 1797 he became Secretary to
William Smith, LInited States Minister to Portugal,
and two years later Private Secretary to Rufus King,
Minister to Great Britain. Returning to Salem in
1 80 1 he resumed his legal studies, and was admitted
to the Bar, after which he practised law in Salem,
till 1827, when he removed to Boston, where he
held the office of City Solicitor till shortly before
his death. In 1806 Mr. Pickering was elected Han-
cock Professor of Hebrew in Harvard, and later was
invited to fill the Chair of Greek Literature, but
declined both these appointments, as also that of

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

331

Provost of the University of Pcnnsylvani:i. He was
an active member of the Board of Overseers of
Harvard from 1S18 to 1824, and received the de-
gree of Doctor of Laws from Harvard in 1835, hav-
ing been a Doctor of Laws of Bowdoin since 1822.
Mr. Pickering became celebrated on account of his
philological studies, and is regarded as the chief
founder of American Comparative Philology. His
acquaintance with ancient and modern languages
was most extensive ; also his researches in Oriental
hieroglyphics, and many hitherto almost unknown
dialects. He was a contributor of valuable articles
to reviews, transactions of learned societies and en-
cyclopaedias, and published in book-form A Vocabu-
lary or Collection of Words and Phrases which have
been Supposed to be peculiar to the United States
of America, and a Comprehensive Dictionary of the
Greek Language. Besides these works he was the
author of several important legal avticles. Mr.
Pickering was President of the American Academy
of Arts and Sciences, member of the Massachu-
setts Historical and American Philological Societies
and corresponding member of the Soci(5t6 Arch(5o-
logique d'Athenes. A very interesting work is The
Life of John Pickering by his daughter, ALary Oriie
Pickering.

PELHAM, Herbert, 1602-1673.

Born in England in 1602; graduated at Oxford, i6ig;
joined the Massachusetts Bay Company, 1629; resided
in Cambridge, Mass., 1638-50; engaged in public
affairs, and missionary work ; first Treasurer of Har-
vard ; died, 1673.

HERBERT PELHAM, Treasurer of Harvard,
was born in Lincoln comity, England, in
1602. He studied at Oxford, graduating in 161 9,
and joined the Massachusetts Bay Company in 1629.
He did not, however, embark with the first expedi-
tion sent over by that organization but came in 1638
and took up his residence in Cambridge. The
conversion of the aborigines and the public affairs
of the Colony absorbed his chief attention during
his stay in New England, and from 1645 to 1649 he
served as an Assistant, acted as one of the commis-
sioners in concluding a treaty with the Niantic and
Narragansett Tribes in 1646, and in 1643 ^^"^^ in-
trusted with the Treasurership of Harvard, being the
first to hold that office. In 1650 he returned to the
old country probably for the purpose of procuring
the means for Christianizing and educating the In-
dians, and his death occurred in the Coimty of
Suffolk, England, June 12, 1673. It is known that

he had one daughter, IVnclopc, and she became the
wife of Governor fosiah W'inslow.

PLATNER, John Winthrop, 1865-

Born in Lee, Mass., 1865; graduated at Yale, 1885;
studied at Union Theological Seminary and at the
University of Berlin : has been Private Tutor in
Brooklyn and Stamford; Instructor in Union Theo-
logical Seminary ; Assistant Professor of Ecclesiasti-
cal History at Harvard; member of the American
Historical Association, of the Society of Biblical Lit-
erature and Exegesis, and of the American Oriental
Society (History of Religions Section).

JOHN WINTHROP PLATNER, Assistant Pro-
fessor of Ecclesiastical History at Harvard,
was born in Lee, Massachusetts, May 15, 1S65. On

J. VS^INTHROP PLATNER

the side of his fiithcr William, he is of Dutch descent.
On the side of his mother, Emily Childs Ball, he
comes of New England stock. Mr. Platner pre-
pared for College at the Newark .Academy, New
Jersey, and then entered Yale, where he graduated
in 1885. The next five years were spent as a private
tutor in Brooklyn, New York, and Stamford, Con-
necticut. In 1S90 he took up the study of theol-
ogy at the Union Theological Seminary in New
York, and three years later, receiving the graduate
fellowship of his class, he entered the University of
Berlin. Immediately after completing his work
abroad in 1895, he was appointed Instructor at

33-

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

the Union Theological Seminary, hut the next year
was called to Harvard to become Assistant Pro-
fessor of Ecclesiastical History. He is a member
of the American Historical Association, of the
Society of Biblical Literature and Exegesis, and of
the American Oriental Society (History of Relig-
ions Section).

OTIS, Harrison Gray, 1765-1848.

Born in Boston, Mass., 1765 ; graduated at Harvard,
1783; admitted to the Bar, 1786; prominent lawyer,
orator and politician; served as an officer in the militia
and assisted in quelling Shays' rebellion : elected to
the State Legislature, 1796 ; member of Congress,
1797-1801 ; District-Attorney the latter year; Speaker
of the Mass. House of Representatives, 1803-5 > Pres-
ident of the State Senate, 1805-11 ; United States
Senator, 1817-22; elected Mayor of Boston, 1829; Over-
seer of Harvard, 1810-25; and a member of the Cor-
poration for two years; died in Boston, 1848.

HARRISON GR.AY OTIS, LL.D., Overseer
and Fellow of Harvard, was born in Bos-
ton, October 8, 1765. His first American ancestor
was John Otis, who came with his family from
Hingham, county of Norfolk, England, in 1635,
and was among the founders of Hingham, Massa-
chusetts. He was a nephew of James Otis the
eloquent Colonel statesman and Revolutionary
patriot, and his father, Samuel Alleyne Otis (Har-
vard 1759) was also prominent in the early public
affitirs of the State and nation, serving as Secretary
of the United States Senate. Samuel Alleyne Otis
married Elizabeth Gray, daughter of Harrison Gray,
Receiver-General of Massachusetts. Harrison Gray
Otis took his Bachelor's degree at Harvard in 1783,
was admitted to the Bar three years later and ac-
quired distinction in the legal profession. In 1787
he served as Aide-de-Camp to General Brooks
in dispersing the insurgents under the notorious
Daniel Shays. An oration delivered by him in Bos-
ton on July 4, 1 788, placed him in the foremost
rank as a public speaker, and his political career
began in 1796 with his election to tlie Legislature.
From 1797 to iSoi he was a member of Congress,
and upon leaving that body he became District-
.Attorney, but shortly afterward returned to the
Massachusetts House of Representatives, of wiiich
he was speaker from 1803 to 1805, and entering
the State Senate in the latter year he served as its
President until 181 1. Chosen a United States
Senator in 18 17, he resigned his seat in 1822 in
order to accept a nomination to the Mayoralty of
Boston, which was about to become a city, but met

a defeat at the polls. He was however elected in
1S29 and in his inaugural he refuted in a most em-
phatic manner the charges of disloyalty which were
lesponsible for his defeat. His reputation as a
kiwyer was not derived solely from his eloquence as
a pleader, as he displayed on many occasions his
familiarity with both the elementary and higher
principles of law, and his judicial ability was amply
demonstrated during his term as Justice of the
Court of Common Pleas, to which he was appointed
in 1814. Judge Otis died in Boston, October 28,
1848. Besides his Bachelor's degree he received
from Harvard those of Master of Arts and Doctor of
Laws, the latter in 1814, and he was a member of
the Corporation from 1823 to 1825, having also
served as an Overseer from 18 10. He was a fellow
of the American Academy of .-^rts and Sciences.
George Otis, A.M., son of Harrison Gray, was born
in Boston in 1797, graduated from Harvard in 1815,
and from the Divinity School in 1818. After serv-
ing as a Tutor (1820-26) he held the College Pro-
fessorship of Latin for a year, at the expiration of
which time he was chosen Rector of Christ Church
(Episcopal), Cambridge, Massachusetts, where he
died in 1828. His published works are: Perfect-
ibility ; An address to the Humane Society at
Newburyport in 1818; and a Sermon, delivered at
Cambridge in 1826.

DANFORTH, John, 1660-1730.

Born in Roxbury, Mass., 1660; graduated at Harvard,
1677; Pastor Congregational Church in Dorchester,
Mass., 1682-1730; Fellow of Harvard, 1697-1707; pub-
lished many sermons and poems ; died in Dorchester,
1730-

JOHN DANFORTH, A.M., Fellow of Harvard,
was born in Roxbury, ALassachusetts, November
8, 1660, son of Rev. Samuel Danforth, who pre-
ceded him by fifty years as a Fellow of that Insti-
tution. He was graduated at Harvard in 1677, and
after studying for the ministry, was ordained in
1682 as Pastor of the Congregational Church in
Dorchester, Massachusetts, a charge which he held
until his death, covering a period of nearly half a
century. Mr. Danforth was reputed to be a man
of great learning, particularly well versed in mathe-
matics, and possessed of no mean poetical talents.
Republished, besides many sermons, various poems,
mostly of a memorial character. His Fellowship in
the Harvard Corporation dated from 1697 to 1707.
He died in Dorchester. May 26, i 730.

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

3n ■
J.

BEASLEY, Frederick, 1777-1845.

Born in North Carolina, 1777; graduated at Prince-
ton 1797; Tutor there while studying theology; was
Rector of Episcopal churches in Elizabethtown and
Trenton, N. J., Albany, N. Y., and Baltimore, Md. ;
Professor of Mental and Moral Philosophy at the Uni-
versity of Pennsylvania 1813-1829; died 1845.

FREDERICK BEASLEV, D.I)., Tutor at
Princeton from 1797 till iSoo, was born
near Edenton, North Carolina in 1777. Gradu-
ating from Princeton in 1797 he was a Tutor there
while pursuing his theological studies, and was or-
dained to the Episcopal ministry in 1801. In
1803 he was called to St. John's Church, Eliza-
bethtown, New Jersey : to St. Peter's in Albany,
New York, the following year, and in 1809 became
Associate Rector of St. Paul's Church, Baltimore,
Maryland. Accepting the office of Provost and the
Professorship of Mental and Moral Philosophy at
the University of Pennsylvania in 1S13, he re-
mained there until 1828, when he resumed active
church work and for the succeeding seven years was
Rector of a Church in Trenton, New Jersey. Fail-
ing health caused his permanent retirement in 1836,
and he died in Elizabethtown, November 2, 1845.
Professor Beasley was made a Doctor of Divinity by
both the University of Pennsylvania and Columbia
in 18 1 5. His metaphysical work in defence of the
philosophy of Locke created favorable comment,
and besides writing quite extensively for periodicals
he was the author of: American Dialogues of the
Dead ; An Examination of the Oxford Divinity,
published during the Tractarian controversy; A
Search of Truth in the Science of the Human
Mind and several other works of special interest to
churchmen.

ginal charter for Princeton College, John Blair be-
coming Professor of Moral l'hiloso])hy in the College
and Samuel Blair Vice-President and Professor of
Rhetoric. Mr. Blair's educational opportunities
were meagre. At eleven years of age he began his
career in a country store, and at the age of nineteen
was in business for himself as a country merchant in
northern New Jersey. From these narrow confines
he merged into a capitalist of national reputation.
He was largely instrumental in developing the great
coal and iron industries of Pennsylvania, and was
closely identified with the construction of numerous

JOHN I. BLAIR

BLAIR, John Insley, 1802-

Born in \A^arren county, N. J., 1802; acquired prom-
inence as a capitalist ; developed various important
business enterprises ; contributed liberally to the sup-
port of educational institutions including Princeton ;
Trustee of Princeton since 1866.

JOHN INSLEY BLAIR, Trustee and Benefactor
of Princeton, was born in Warren county, New
Jersey, August 22, 1802. He is of Scottish origin,
and his first American ancestor was John Blair, who
emigrated in 1720. John Blair and his brother,
Samuel Blair, who came to this country a year or
two later, were both clergymen and were among
those who procured from Governor Belcher the ori-

railroads, including the Delaware, Lackawanna &
Western, the Union Pacific, and the Chicago &
Northwestern and many of its branches, besides
numerous other smaller properties. He identified
himself closely with the development of the country
through which these roads pass, donating funds for
the erection of churches and educational institutions.
Mr. Blair lias always given liberally to education ; he
has been more closely iilentified with the develop-
ment of the Academy at Blairstown, with Lafityette
College and with Princeton University than with any
others, his latest gift being the erection of a dormi-
tory which bears his name at Princeton, of which
institution he has been a Trustee since 1866.

334

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

BEATTY, John, 1749-1826.

Born in Pennsylvania, 1749, graduated from Prince-
ton 1769; studied medicine in Philadelphia with Dr.
Rush; rose to the rank of Colonel in the Continental
Army; was a member of the Continental Congress,
the Constitutional Convention, the New Jersey Legis-
lature and the National House of Representatives ;
Secretary of State for New Jersey ; Trustee of Prince-
ton 1785-1802; President of the Trenton Bank t8i5-
1826; died 1826.

JOHN BEATTV, M.D., a Trustee of Princeton
for seventeen years was born in Bucks county,
Pennsylvania, December 19, 1749, son of Rev.
Charles Beatty. He was educated at Princeton,
graduating in 1769, and his medical studies were
pursued with the distinguished Philadelphia physi-
cian Dr. Benjamin Rush. Joining the American
Army soon after the outbreak of the Revolutionary
War, he was captured by the British at Fort Wash-
ington, New York, in 1776 while serving as a
Lieutenant-Colonel, and in 177S was made Com-
missary-General of Prisoners with the rank of
Colonel. In 1780 he resumed the practice of his
profession in Princeton, New Jersey, and subse-
quently became prominent in civil affairs, serving
as a delegate to the Continental Congress in 17S3-
1785, and to the Constitutional Convention, Speaker
of the New Jersey House of Representatives and
State Senator, Representative to Congress 1793-
1 795 and Secretary of State for New Jersey from
1795 to 1805. For the last ten years of his life he
was President of the Trenton Bank. Dr. Beatty
was made a Master of Arts by Princeton, of which
he was a Trustee from 1785 to 1802, and the degree
of Doctor of Medicine was conferred upon him by
the University of Pennsylvania.

BOSTWICK, David, 1721-1763.

Born in New Milford, Conn., 1721 ; installed Pastor of
the Presbyterian congregation at Jamaica, L. I., 1745;
transferred to the Church in New York, 1756; was a
Trustee of the College of New Jersey 1761-1764; died
1763-

DAVID BOSTWICK, A.M., a Trustee of
Princeton, prior to the American Revolu-
tion, was born in New Milford, Connecticut, Janu-
ary 8, 1 72 1. He was a lineal descendant of Arthur
Bostwick, who came from Cheshire, England in
1668. Previous to his ordination to the Presby-
terian ministry David Bostwick taught in the
Newark Academy. In 1745 he took charge of the
congregation at Jamaica, Long Island, where he

remained until 1756 and the Synod there trans-
ferred him to the Church in New York. His death
occurred November 12, 1763. Besides his sermon
on Self Disclaimed and Christ Exalted, he wrote an
account of the Life, Death and Character of the
Rev. Samuel Davies, President of the College of
New Jersey, now Princeton, which was published
with a sermon by the latter on the death of George
II. A work entitled Vindication of Infant Baptism,
consisting of extracts from several of his sermons,
was published after his death. Mr. Bostwick was a
Trustee of the College of New Jersey, from 1761
to 1764.

BRAINERD, John, 1720-1781.

Born in Haddam, Conn.. 1720; graduate of Yale
1746; Missionary among the Indians of New Jersey
for some years ; preached in Newark, Mount Holly,
and other places; was a Trustee of Princeton for
twenty-six years ; died 1781.

JOHN BRAINERD, M.A., Trustee of Princeton
from 1754 to 1780, was born in Haddam,
Connecticut, P'ebruary 28, 1720. He was gradu-
ated at Yale in 1746, receiving his Master's degree
in course, and in 1747 succeeded his brother, the
Rev. David Brainerd in missionary work among the
Indians near Cranberry, New Jersey, where he
labored successfully for a number of years. In his
latter years he held Pastorates in Newark and Mount
Holly, and supplied the churches in the vicinity of
Egg Harbor, New Jersey. The last five years of his
life were spent in Deerfield, New Jersey, where he
died March 18, 1781. Mr. Brainerd received the
honorary degree of Master of Arts from Princeton in
1749, and was a Trustee of that College during its
period of prosperity under the administration of
President John Witherspoon.

BRYAN, George, 1731-1791.

Born in Ireland, 1731 ; became a citizen and a mer-
chant of Philadelphia; was an ardent supporter of the
War for Independence ; member of the State Legisla-
ture ; Justice of the Supreme Court ; and a Trustee of
Princeton for eleven years. Died 1791.

GEORGE BRYAN, Trustee of Princeton
during the Revolutionary War, was born
in Dublin, Ireland, in 1731. Coming to America
when young he became a merchant in Philadelphia,
and espousing the cause of Americans against Brit-
ish oppression, was closely identified with the im-
portant events which transpired in the Quaker City

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

335

prior to and during tlie strnggle for independence.
He was a member of the Assembly and a delegate
to the Stamp Act Congress of 1765; was elected
President of the Supreme Executive Council of
Pennsylvania in 177S, and as Representative to the
Legislature in 1779 he drafted the law for the
gradual abolition of slavery in that state. In i 780
he was appointed an Associate Justice of the Supreme
Court, and continued upon the Bench for the rest of
his life, whicli terminated January 27, 1791. Mr.
Bryan's connection with Princeton was in the cajia-
city of a Trustee and he was a member of the Board
from 1767 to 1778, a memorable period in the
history of that institution.

corroborate the doctrine of the latter ; New Church
Miscellanies and Priesthood and Clergy unknown to
Christianity. Dr. Bush died in Rochester, New
York, September 19, 1859.

BUSH, George, 1796-1859.

Born in Norwich, Vt., 1796; graduate of Dartmouth
and of the Princeton Theological Seminary ; Tutor at
Princeton two years; missionary in Indiana; became
Professor of Oriental Languages at the University
of the City of New York; joined the Church of New
Jerusalem, was a prolific contributor to religious liter-
ature ; died, 1859

GEORGE BUSH, D.D., Tutor at Princeton
for two years, was born in Norwich, Ver-
mont, June 12, 1796. The Bachelor's and Master's
degrees were conferred upon him by Dartmouth,
from which he was graduated in 1818. His divinity
studies were pursued at Princeton, where he acted
as a Tutor in 1822-1823, and after his ordination
to the Presbyterian ministry he spent four years in
Indiana as a missionary. In 1831 he accepted a
call to the Chair of Oriental Languages at the Uni-
versity of the City of New York. He subsequently
withdrew from the Presbyterian faith and united
with the Church of the New Jerusalem. Prior to
his conversion to the latter faith he wrote A Life of
Mohammed ; Treatise on the Millenium and Illus-
trations of the Scriptures ; published a Hebrew
Grammar and Commentaries on the Exodus and
other books of the Old Testament. He opposed
the doctrine of the literal resurrection of the body
in a work entitled Anastasis which created no little
excitement among theologians, and he responded to
the attacks made upon it in a subsequent work
called The Resurrection of Christ. After joining the
New Jerusalem Church, he issued a translation of
the Diary of Swedenborg ; became Editor of the
New Church Repository in 1845, ^■''^ his later
works are : The Soul, an Inquiry into Scripture
Psychology ; Mesmer and Swedenborg, in which he
maintains that the developments of the former

DOD, Samuel Bayard, 1837-

Born in Princeton, N. J., 1837 ; fitted for College in
Edgehill School in Princeton ; graduated Princeton,
1857; Princeton Theological Seminary, 1861 ; in the
Presbyterian ministry at Monticello, N. Y. and Wilkes-
barre, Pa., until 1868; Executor of the estate of Edwin
A. Stevens of Hoboken, 1868 ; had charge of the finish-
ing of the Stevens' Battery ; President of the Board
of Trustees of the Stevens Institute of Technology,
Hoboken, from the beginning; Trustee of Princeton.

SAMU1:L BAYARD DOD, A.M., Trustee of
Princeton, was born in Princeton, New Jersey,
December 3, 1837, son of .Mbert B. and Caroline

S. B.AVARD DOD

(Bayard) Dod. His father was a Professor in
Princeton and was of English extraction, through
Daniel Dod, who came to .America and settled in
Branford, Connecticut, in 1646. On the maternal
side he is descended from the Bayards of New
Rochelle, French Huguenots, who came to New
York with Anna Bayard, wife of Governor Peter
Stuyvesant. He was fitted for College at Edgehill
School in Princeton, graduating from Princeton
University in 1857. He afterwards studied for the

33^

UNIVERSiriES AND THEIR SONS

ministry in Princeton Theological Seminary, gradu-
ating with the Class of 1861. He served in the
Presbyterian ministry at Monticello, New York and
Wilkesbarre, Pennsylvania, for seven years. In
1868 he was made Executor of the estate of Edwin
A. Stevens of Hoboken, entering on the manage-
ment of that large property, including the Hoboken
Ferries, in the fall of that year. Outside the busi-
ness management he was charged with the duty of
establishing a "school of learning for the benefit of
the youth residing, from time to time, in the State
of New Jersey." This resulted in the founding of
the Stevens' Institute of Technology in Hoboken.
He has been President of the Board of Trustees of
this Institute from the beginning. He has been
active, not only in the management of the Stevens'
estate, the Hoboken Land and Improvement Com-
pany, and the Hoboken Ferry Company, but also in
other corporations in which that estate was inter-
ested. He is President of the First National Bank,
President of the Hudson Trust and Savings Institution,
President of the Hudson County Gas Light Company,
Director of the Hoboken Land and Improvement
Company, Director and one of the Executive Commit-
tee of the New Jersey State Fire Insurance Company.
He is also a Trustee of Princeton LTniversity. He is
a Manager of the Geological Survey of New Jersey,
President of the New Jersey Forestry Association,
member of the United States Forestry Association
and of the i\merican Geographical Society. He is
also a member of the Reform, Bankers', Authors',
Princeton, and the Delta Phi Clubs of New York
City, and the South Orange Field Club of New
Jersey. In politics, he is a Gold Democrat. He
was first married in 1862 to Isabella W. Grer. His
second marriage was in 1884, to Eleanor B. Wall.
He has three children : Isabella G., Caroline B.,
and Albert B. Dod.

CALDWELL, James, 1734-1781.

Born in Virginia, 1734; educated at the College of
New Jersey of which he became Trustee and Secre-
tary; installed Pastor of a church in Elizabethtown,
N. J. ; was a Revolutionary patriot and killed by a sen-
try while serving as a Chaplain in the American Army.

JAMES CALDWELL, A.M., Trustee and Secre-
retary of the College of New Jersey, was born
in Charlotte county, Virginia, in April 1734. Grad-
uating from Princeton in 1759 he was called to the
Pastorate of the Presbyterian Church at Elizabeth-
town, New Jersey in 1762. His active support of
the Revolutionary movement aroused the animosity

of the Tories, and at tiie breaking-out of hostilities
he became Chaj.ilain in the New Jersey brigade.
His churcli and residence were burned by the Brit-
ish and their Tory sympathizers in 1 7S0, and during
the same year while the British were pillaging the
place where his wife had taken refuge, she was
killed by a stray bullet while in the act of praying
for the safety of her children. His gallantry had
already won for him the sobriquet of "The Soldier
Parson " and during the defence of Springfield,
New Jersey he distributed hymn-books among the
men for wadding, exclaiming as he did so " Now
put Watts into them, boys " ! Chaplain Caldwell
was fatally shot by an American sentinel, whom
many believed to have been bribed by the enemy to
commit the act ; in fact, the culprit was tried for the
crime and executed. A monument in memory of
Mr. and Mrs. Caldwell was erected at Elizabeth-
town in 1846. He was appointed a Trustee of
Princeton in 1769, and chosen Secretary in 1772,
serving in each capacity until his death. John E.
Caldwell, son of Rev. James, returned with General
Lafayette to France, where he was educated. He
afterward became a famous philanthropist, was
Editor of the Christian Herald and one of the
founders of the American Bible Society.

CALDWELL, Joseph, 1773-1835.

Born in Lammington, N. J., 1773; educated at
Princeton; taught school, studied theology and was a
Tutor at Princeton in 1795-96; was Clerk of the Faculty
in the latter year; was chosen in 1794 Professor of
Natural Philosophy and Mathematics at the University
of North Carolina; was its President from 1804 to 1812
and again from 1817 until his death in 1835.

JOSEPH CALD\VELL, D.D., Tutor at Prince-
ton and Clerk of the Faculty, was born in
Lammington, New Jersey, April 21, 1773. He was
selected to deliver the Latin salutatory of the Class
of 1 79 1, Princeton, afterward teaching school in
Lammington and Elizabethtown. While complet-
ing his theological studies he served as a Tutor at
Princeton in 1 795-1 796, and was Clerk of the
Faculty until called to the Chair of Natural Phil-
osophy and Mathematics at the University of North
Carolina in the latter year. He served as President
of that Institution from 1 804 to 1 8 1 2, and again from
181 7 until his death which occurred at Chapel Hill,
that state, January 24, 1835, and through his ener-
getic efforts the LTniversity was advanced from a
feeble condition to a firm basis of prosperity and
usefulness. He received the degree of Master of

UNI/^ERSITIES JND T I IF. Hi SONS

337

Arts from hulh Princeton and the l^niversity of
Nortli Carolina in 1 799, and was made a Doctor
of Divinity by the former in 1S16. Dr. Caldwell was
the author of : A Compendious System of E^lementary
Geometry, with a Treatise on Plane 'I'rigonometry ;
and Letters of Carleton, originally printed in a
Raleigh newspaper and designed to promote an
interest in internal improvement.

He acciuired a wide reputation both as a iiuli)it
orator and a writer, possessed unusual executive
ability and his manner was both affable and dignified.

CAMPBELL, John Nicholson, 1798-1864.

Born in Philadelphia, 1798; was a student at the
University of Pennsylvania, studied theology and for a
time taught languages at the Hampden-Sidney Col-
lege, Virginia; Chaplain to Congress. 1820: preached
in Petersburg, Va., Newbern, N. C, Georgetown and
Washington, D. C, and Albany, N. Y. ; one of the
Regents of the University of the State of New York
for twenty years, and a Trustee of Princeton from 1856
until his death in 1864.

JOHN NICHOLSON CAMPBELL, D.D.,
Trustee of Princeton, was born in Philadelphia,
March 4, 1798. His early education was pursued
under James Ross, a highly reputable teacher of that
city, and while still young he entered the University
of Pennsylvania, but did not take the full course.
His theological stuilies were begun with the Rev.
Ezra Stiles and completed in Virginia. ^Vhile a
student in that state he taught languages at Hamp-
den-Sidney College for a brief period, and in 1820
was chosen Chaplain to Congress having previously
been licensed to preach by the Presbytery of
Hanover, Virginia. His first regular ministerial
labors were performed in Petersburg, Virginia, from
which place he went to Newbern, North Carolina,
where he remained until he became associated with
the Rev. Dr. Balch at Georgetown, District of Co-
lumbia, in 1823. Called to the National Capital as
Pastor of the New York .■\venue Presbyterian Church
in 1825, he remained there for the succeeding six
years, during which time his eloquent preaching
greatly increased the regular congregation and
attracted the attention of many temporary residents.
In 1 83 1, Dr. Campbell entered upon his last and
most lengthy pastorate, that of the First Presbyterian
Church in Albany, New York, which extended over
a period of thirty-three years. His death occurred
in that city March 27, 1864. For some time he
took a prominent part in the management of the
American Colonization Society ; was for twenty
years a member of the Board of Regents of the
University of the State of New York and a Trustee
of Princeton during the last eight years of his life.

VOL. 11. — 23

CORNWALL, Henry Bedinger, 1844-

Born in Southport, Conn., 1844; educated at Colum-
bia and at the School of Mines connected with that
institution ; completed his studies at the mining school
in Freiberg, Saxony; Assistant Instructor in Chem-
istry and Mineralogy at the Columbia School of Mines
1864-1866. and 1870-73; Professor of Applied Chemistry
and Mineralogy at Princeton from 1873 to the present
time, and widely known as an able mining engineer
and mineral expert.

HENRY BEDINGER CORNWALL, Ph.D.,
Professor of Chemistry and Mineralogy at
Princeton, was born in Southport, Connecticut, July

HENRY li. CORNWALL

29, 1844. He was graduated from Columbia 111
1864, receiving his Master's degree in course, and
from the School of Mines in 1867 with the degree
of Mining Engineer. Previous to graduating from
the latter Department he acted as Assistant In-
structor in Chemistry and Mineralogy there, and his
scientific education was completed at the Freiberg
School of Mines, where he remained two years.
For over twenty-five years Professor Cornwall has
occupied the Chair of Applied Chemistry and Min-
eralogy at the John C. Green School of Science, a

338

UNirERSiriES AND THEIR SONS

Department of Princeton. His professional ability
was extremely serviceable to tlie Continental Zinc
and Lead Company of New York, of which he was
Superintendent in 1865, and while acting in the
same capacity for the Geral Silver Mining Company,
devoteil considerable time to a minute inspection of
the Batopilas Mines in Mexico. The degree of
Doctor of Philosophy was conferred upon him by
Columbia in 1S8S. Professor Cornwall's scientific
investigations, particularly the analysis of water, have
contributed in no small degree to his reputation.
Besides his translation of Plattner's ISlowpipe Analy-
sis, he has published a work of his own upon the
same subject, entitled : Manual of lilowpipe .Analy-
sis and Determinative Mineralogy.

GREEN, Jacob, 1722-1796.

Born in Maiden, Mass., 1722; graduated at Harvard,
1744; Pastor at Morristown, N. J., 1745; Trustee of
Princeton, 1745-1764; Vice-President, 1757 and also
served as Acting President of Princeton; died in
Morristown, N. J., 1796.

JACOB GREEN, A.M., Vice-President of Prince-
ton, was born in Maiden, Massachusetts,
June 22, 1722. His parents being in poor cir-
cumstances, he wa.i apprenticed to a trade in
order to meet his College expenses, in the mean-
time pursuing his studies to fit him for entering
Harvard, where he was graduated in 1 744. Being
led by the influence of George M'hitefield to enter
the ministry, he was in 1745 installed Pastor of the
Presbyterian Church in Morristown, New Jersey;
and while occupying this pulpit, he also studied
medicine and practised it to support his family.
He served as a Trustee of Princeton from ) 74S to
1764. In 1757 he was elected Vice-President of
the College, and in the interim between the death
of President Edwards and the accession of President
Davies he was Acting President. Mr. Green was a
Delegate to the Provincial Congress of New Jersey
in 1775, and was Chairman of the Committee that
drafted the State Constitution. He wrote a series
of articles on the depredation of paper currency,
which had wide circulation, and his suggestions for
the redemption of continental currency were much
the same as were those afterwards adopted by Con-
gress. He died in Morristown, May 24, 1796.

osophy and Natural History at Princeton; Professor
of Chemistry at Jefferson Medical College ; died in
Philadelphia, 1841.

JACOB GREEN, M.D., Professor of Experimen-
tal Philosophy, Ciiemistry and Natural History
at Princeton, from iSiS to 1S22, son of President
Ashbel Green of Princeton, was born in Philadel-
phia, Pennsylvania, July 26, 1790, and was graduated
at the University of Pennsylvania in 1S06. He
studied law, was admitted to the Bar, and for a
time practised the legal profession. In his boyhood
he developed a taste for science, particularly for
botany, and made a large and valuable collection
of i)lants ; and at an early age he wrote a treatise
on electricity which gave him a reputation. In
iSiS he was tendered and accepted the Chairs of
Chemistry, Experimental Philosophy and Natural
History in Princeton, which he hehl until 1S22,
when he became Professor of Chemistry in Jefferson
Medical College, where he remained during the rest
of his life. Professor Green was the author of
various published works on chemistry, natural his-
tory and other subjects. He died in Philadelphia,
February i, 1S41.

GREEN, Jacob, 1790-1841.

Born in Philadelphia, Penn., 1790; graduated at the
University of Penn., 1806; studied law and admitted to
the Bar; Professor of Chemistry, Experimental Phil-

HILLYER, Asa, 1763-1840.

Born in Sheffield, Mass., 1763; graduated at Yale
1786; entered the ministry and was settled in Orange,
N. J., for over thirty years; one of the founders of the
United Foreign Missionary Society ; Trustee of Prince-
ton 1811-1840; and a Director of the Theological Sem-
inary for many years; died in New York, 1840.

ASA HI ELVER, D.D., Trustee of Prince-
ton, was born in Sheffield Massachusetts,
Ajiril 6, 1763. His father served as a sur-
geon in the Continental Army during the Revo-
lutionary War, and a greater part of the time was
accompanied by the son. Entering Yale young
Asa was graduated with the Class of 17S6, prepared
for the Presbyterian ministry, and in 1789 was in-
stalled in the Pastorate of the church in Madison,
New Jersey. Two years later he accepted a call to
the church in Orange, same state, where he presided
for over thirty years, and his pastoral labors were
attended with gratifying success. In 1837 he sepa-
rated from the old line Presbyterians and joined the
new school. Dr. Hillyer died in New York, August
28, 1840. P'or many years he was a Director of
the United Foreign Missionary Society, of which he
was also a founder. His Trusteeship of Princeton
extended from 181 1 until his death, and he served
as a Director of the Theological Seminary from iSi 2

UNIFERSiriES AND THEIR SONS

339

till the division in the church previously alkuk'd to,
caused his retirement from the board. He received
the degree of Master of Arts from Yale in i 793, and
that of Doctor of Divinity from both Princeton and
Allegheny, the former in iSoo and tlie latter in
1818.

GOLDIE, George, 1841-

Born in Edinburgh. Scotland, 1841 ; came to America
and engaged in business in New York at thirteen years
of age; 1854-56 was in the wholesale clothing trade;
1856-58 in the lumber trade; 1858-61 in an importing
house ; Professional Gymnast in New York, 1861 ; Di-
rector of Gymnasium in Princeton since 1869.

GEORGE GOLDIE, Director of Gymnasium
in Princeton, was born in Edinbmgh, Scot-
land, March 16, 1841, son of ^^'illiam and Sarah
(Paterson) Goldie, both parents being natives of
Edinburgh. He attended school in Edinburgh, but
came to New York and engaged in business at

GEO. GOLDIE

thirteen years of age. He was in the wholesale
clothing trade from 1S54 to 1856, and from 1856
to 1858 was in the lumber trade. From 1S58 to
1 86 1 he was in an importing house, and in 1861
became a Professional Gymnast in New York and
elsewhere he has followed this profession ever since.
He was appointed Director of Gymnasium in Prince-
ton in 1869, a position he continues to fill. Mr

Goldie was a Councilman in Princeton during tlie
years 1894, 1895 and 1896. He is a member of
the New York Caledonian Club, New York Athletic
t'lub, and the Cliosophic Society of Princeton. He
is also a Freemason. He was married November
23, 1864 to Marion Paterson, and has three children :
George Jr., Marion L., and Sarah Goldie.

GUYOT, Arnold, 1807-1884.

Born in Switzerland, 1807; educated in his native
country and in Germany ; acquired fame in Europe as
a scientist and discoverer ; came to the United States
in 1848; lectured before the Lowell Institute, Boston
and the normal schools and teachers' institutes of
Mass ; Professor of Geology and Physical Geography
at Princeton. 1854-1884; Lecturer at the Princeton and
Union Theological Seminaries, Columbia College,
Smithsonian Institution and the New Jersey State
Normal School ; founded the Princeton Museum ;
planned the national system of meteorological obser-
vations ; determined the altitudes of the Appalachian
chain ; prepared geographical text-books and maps ;
author of scientific and biographical works and mem-
ber of several learned bodies; died in Princeton, N. J.,
1884.

ARNOLD GUYOT, Ph.D., LL.D., Professor at
Princeton, was born in Boudevilliers, Neu-
chatel, Switzerland, September 28, 1807. After
completing his preliminary studies at Chaux-de-
Fonds, and a classical course at the College of
Neuchatel, he attended the Gymnasium in Stuttgart,
and with a view of entering tlie ministry took a
theological course at the University of Berlin, also
studying philosophy and the natural sciences includ-
ing geology, botany and physical geography. He
received the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in
1835 and published the same year a thesis on The
Natural Classification of Lakes, which brought him
to the notice of the leading educators of Europe.
An early acquaintance with Professor Louis Agassiz
was however responsible for his fame as a scientific
discoverer and also for his ultimately coming to the
United States. While acting as a private Tutor in
Paris he visited the Alps at Agassiz's request in
1838 for the purpose of examining the glaciers and
was the first to observe the laminated structure of
ice, subsequently verified by .Agassiz, Forbes and
other scientists. For a time he was a member of
the Faculty at the College of Neuchatel as Profes-
sor of History and Physical Geography, being asso-
ciated there with Professor .Agassiz, at whose urgent
solicitation Giiyot came to the United States in 1848
and joineil his friend in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
A course of lectures delivered before tlie Lowell

;4o

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

Institute, Boston, whicli were translated by Professor
Cornelius C. Felton, served to confirm the high
reputation given him by Agassiz. lie was secured
by the Hoard of Education of the State of Massa-
chusetts to lecture before the normal schools and
teachers' institutes on geography and methods of
instruction. Summoned to the Chair of Geology
and Physical Geography at I'rinceton in 1854, he
retained it for thirty years, during wliich time he
established the College .Museum and for some years
was the senior member of the Faculty. He also held
Lectureships at the Princeton and Union Theologi-
cal Seminaries and Columbia ; lectured at the New
Jersey State Normal School, 'J'renton, and at the
Smithsonian Institution, Washington ; perfected the
plans for a national system of meteorological obser-
vation, personally superintending the establishment
of several observing stations and for over thirty years
spent his summer vacations in determining the alti-
tudes of the Appalachian Mountain Range, com-
pleting the work in 1881. Professor Guyot died in
Princeton, New Jersey, February 8, 1S84. Besides
his degree from the University of Berlin he was
made a Master of Arts by Harvard in 1S49 and a
Doctor of Laws by Union in 1854. He was a fel-
low of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences,
member of the National Academy of .Sciences, the
American Philosophical Society, an honorary mem-
ber of the New York Academy of Sciences and
corresponding member of the Royal Geographical
Society, London. His published works consist of a
series of geographies, a Treatise on Physical Geog-
raphy ; Biographical Memoirs of Carl Ritter, James
H. Coffin and Louis Agassiz ; Creation or the Bibli-
cal Cosmogony in the Light of Modern Science;
scientific papers read before the .American Associa-
tion for the Advancement of Science, and several
articles on physical geography for Johnson's New
Universal Enycloptedia, in the Editorship of which
he was associated with Frederick .'\. P. Barnard from
1874 till 1877. Professor Guyot's religious affilia-
tions were with the Presbyterians, and in 1861 he
attended the Geneva Convention of the Evangeli-
cal Alliance as a delegate from the Presbyterian
Churches of the LTnited States.

1853-71 ; Professor of Belles-lettres, English Language
and Literature at Princeton 1874-84 ; Lecturer on Eng-
lish Language 1870-72; founded the Sunday School
Times; edited Sartain's Magazine; and a well known
educational and religious writer ; died in Philadelphia,
1877.

JOHN SI':ELY hart, LL.D., Tutor, Professor
and Lecturer at Princeton, was born in Stock-
bridge, Massachusetts, January 28, 18 10. After
graduating at Princeton (1830), and teaching
school in Natchez, Mississippi, for a year, he re-
turned to the College as a Tutor and from 1834 to
1836 was Adjunct Professor of Ancient Languages.
The succeeding thirty years he devoted to teaching
in public and private schools, serving as Principal
of the Edgehill School for five years, of the Phila-
delphia High .School seventeen years, and of the
New Jersey State Normal School for eight years. In
1864 he again joined the Princeton Faculty as Pro-
fessor of Belles-lettres, English Language and Litera-
ture, holding that chair for ten years, and was a
Lecturer on English Language from 1870 to 1872.
He edited the Pennsylvania Common School Jour-
nal, Sartain's Magazine, the publications of the Sun-
d.ay School Union ; and the Sunday School Times,
of which latter he was the founder, and published
an essay on the Life and Writings of Edmund Spen-
ser ; Class-Book of Prose ; Class-Book of Poetry ;
Manuals of Composition and Rhetoric, and of Eng-
lish and American Literature ; In the School-Room ;
and the philological volume of the Wilkes exploring
expedition report. Professor Hart died in Phila-
delphia, March 26, 1877. In 1848 he received
from Miami the degree of Doctor of Laws.

HART, John Seely, 1810-1877.

Born in Stockbridge, Mass., 1810; graduated at
Princeton 1830; Tutor there 1832-34, and Adjunct
Professor of Ancient Languages 1834-36; Principal of
the Edgehill School 1836-41 ; of the Philadelphia High
School 1842-59, and of the N. J. State Normal School

MAGIE, William Jay, 1832-

Born in Elizabeth, N. J., 1832; fitted for College at
Elizabeth; graduated Princeton, 1852; admitted to the
Bar, 1856; appointed Associate Justice of the Supreme
Court of New Jersey, 1880; State Senator, 1876-79;
Trustee Princeton, i8gi ; appointed Chief-Justice of
the Supreme Court of New Jersey, 1897, a position he
still fills.

WILLIAM JAY MAGIE, LL.D., Trustee of
Princeton and Chief- Justice of the Su-
preme Court of New Jersey, was born in Elizabeth,
New Jersey, December 9, 1S32, son of David and
Ann Frances (Wilson) Magie. He is of Scotch,
Scotch- Irish, Dutch and English ancestry. He was
fitted for College in his native town, and graduated
from Princeton in the Class of 1S52. He read law
at Elizabeth, being admitted to the Bar in 1856 and
[iractising there until 1880. when he was appointed

UNIVERSITIES ANT) THEIR SONS

341

an Associate Justice of the New Jersey Supreme
Court, by Cjovernor McClellan. He was again
appointed to this office in 1S87, by {governor Green,
and again Ijy Clovernor W'erts, in 1894. Marcli i,
1S97, he was made Chief-Justice of the Supreme
Court of New Jersey, under appointment of Cov-
ernor Griggs. Judge Magie belongs to the Rcpul)li-
can party and was a member of the New Jersey
Senate from 1876 to 1879. Judge Magie was
elected a Trustee of Princeton in 1 89 1 and still acts in
this capacity. He also received the degree of Doc-
tor of Laws from his a/ma mater in 1S91. He is a

W. J. MAGIE

member of the Town and Country Club, of the Met-
tano Club of Elizabeth and of the University Club
of New York and of the Princeton Club of New
York. He was married October i, 1857 to Sarah
Frances Baldwin, and has two children : William
P>ancis, and Henrietta Oakley Magie.

HAMILTON, John, 1746.

Place and date of birth unknown ; member of the
Governor's Council ; Associate Judge of the Provincial
Supreme Court ; Acting Governor of N. J. ; died in
Perth Amboy, N. J., 1746.

JOHN HAMILTON, Governor of New Jersey,
who granted the first Charter for Princeton
College, and is therefore entitled to prominent rank

among the founders of that institution, was the son
of Governor Andrew Hamilton, who administered
the affairs of the Province from 1692 to 1697 and
again from 1699 to 1701, wlien he became Deputy-
(lovernor of Pennsylvania under an appointment by
William Penn which later received the Royal sanc-
tion. The date and place of birth of John Hamil-
ton is unknown. He first apjieared in public life as
a member of the Council of Governor Hunter in
1 713, retaining liis seat under the successive ad-
ministrations of (lovernors lUunet, Montgomerie
and Cosby. In 1735 he was api)ointed Associate
Judge of the Provincial Supreme Court, but there is
no record of his having served, probably because he
became Acting Governor on the death of Governor
Cosby in March 1736, only three weeks after the
latter assumed the office. He continued at the
head of the affitirs of the Province until the appoint-
ment of Governor Morris in 1738, and on the lat-
ter's death in 1 746, again became Acting Governor,
but the infirmities of age were on him, and he died
soon afterwards.

HOBART, John Henry, 1775-1830.

Born in Philadelphia, 1775; graduated at Princeton,
1793; Tutor in the College and Clerk of the Faculty,
1796-1798; took orders in the Episcopal Church; As-
sistant at Trinity Church, New York City and after-
ward Rector; chosen Assistant to Bishop Moore of
New York, succeeding the latter as head of the
Diocese ; one of the founders of the General Theolog-
ical Seminary, N. Y., taking the Chair of Pastoral
Theology and Sacred Oratory in 1821 ; was a distin-
guished religious writer of his day; died, 1830.

JOHN HENRY HOBART, D.D., Tutor at Prince-
ton and Clerk of the Faculty, Protestant Epis-
copal Bishop of New York, was born in Philadelphia,
September 14, 1775. He was a descendant in the
fifth generation of his first American ancestor, an
early resident of Hingham, Massachusetts, and sev-
eral members of the Hobart family were Puritan
ministers. The first of the family to join the Epis-
copal Church was John Henry's grandfather. The
'death of his father left him when an infant wholly
to the care of his mother who was in a great meastire
the means of developing his character and desire
for intellectual culture. He had so far advanced in
his studies at the age of sixteen as to be eligible to
the Junior Class at Princeton where he took his
Bachelor's degree in t793 and his Master's in
course. From 1796 to 1798 he acted as a Tutor in
the College and Clerk of the Faculty and taking

342

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

orders in the Episcopal Church as a Deacon in the
latter year he served in a number of parishes before
his ordination to the Priesthood in the year iSoo.
He was an Assistant and subsequently Rector of
Trinity Church, New York, which post he held until
I S 1 1 , when he was selected to assist Bishop Moore,
whom he succeeded in the Episcopate. Bishop
Hobart continued in office for nineteen years until
his death, September 12, 1830, while visiting the
parish in Auburn, New York. He was an eloquent
preacher, an able Churchman and a forcible defender
of the Episcopal Church. In 182 1 he was called to
the Chair of Pastoral Theology and Sacred Oratory
at the General Theological Seminary, which he
assisted in establishing. In 1807 he was made a
Doctor of Divinity by Union College of New York.
He was the author of: Companion for the Altar;
Festivals and Feasts ; Companion to the Book of
Common Prayer ; Clergyman's Companion ; and
.Apology for Apostolic Orders. His remains together
with those of his wife were placed beneath the chan-
cel of Trinity Church. John Henry Hobart, S.T.D.,
son of the above, was graduated at Columbia in 1836,
and for many years occupied the post of Rector of
Trinity Church, Fishkiil, New York.

JANEWAY, Jacob Jones, 1774-1858.

Born in New York City, 1774; graduated at Colum-
bia 1794 ; studied theology and was Associate Pastor
of the Second Presbyterian Church, Philadelphia,
1799-1828: Trustee of Princeton 1813-1828 ; Director
of the Princeton Theological Seminary 1813-1830;
Professor of Theology at the Western Theological
Seminary one year: Trustee of Rutgers 1820; Vice-
President and member of its Faculty 1833-1839; again
a Director of the Princeton Theological Seminary 1840-
1858 : President of the Board from 1849 ; gave jointly
with Dr. Jonathan Cogswell a church to the Presby-
terians of New Brunswick, New Jersey; General
Supervisor of the Presbyterian Collegiate and Theo-
logical Institutions ; a noted religious writer ; died in
New Brunswick, N. J., 1858.

JACOB JONES JANEW.AY, S.T.D., Trustee
of Princeton, was born in New York City,
November 20, 1774. His ancestors emigrated from
England in the seventeenth century and one uf
them conveyed to New York the Charter of Trinity
Church. Jacob J. Janeway took his Bachelor's and
Master's degrees at CoUmibia, the former in 1794,
the latter in course, and afterward received his
Divinity degree from the same source. Having
completed his theological studies under the direc-
tion of Dr. John H. Livingston, he entered the
Presbyterian ministry and became associated with

Dr. Ashbel Green in the Pastorate of the Second
Presbyterian Church, Philadelphia. He retained
his pastoral relations with that society until 1S28.
For a year he occupied the Chair of Theology at the
Western Theological Seminary, and for two years
had charge of a Dutch Reformed Church in New
Brunswick, New Jersey. In 1820 he became a
'I'rustee of Rutgers, was Vice-President from 1S33 to
1839 ^"d \'^t\A the Chair of Literature, Evidences of
Christianity and Political Economy. About 1840
he turned his attention to missionary work and also
took the supervision of various Presbyterian educa-
tional institutions including the Divinity schools.
His connection with the government of Princeton
dates from 1S13 when he was chosen a Trustee of
the College and Director of the Princeton Theologi-
cal Seminary, holding the former post until 1828,
and the latter until 1830. He was again chosen a
Director in 1840 and was President of the Board
from 1849 until his death, wliich occurred in New
Brunswick, New Jersey, June 27, 1858. Dr. Jane-
way was concerned jointly with the Rev. Dr. Jona-
than Cogswell in donating a church edifice to the
Presbyterians of the last named city. From the
time of leaving College till his death he was an
earnest and relentless toiler in behalf of religion,
morality and education and there seemed to be no
limit to his capacity for labor. Among his published
works are : Commentaries on the Romans, Hebrews
and Acts; The Communicants' Manual; Internal
Evidence of the Holy Bible ; On Unlawful Marriage ;
Review of Dr. Schaff on Protestantism and numer-
ous essays and letters on religious subjects. Dr. Jane-
way's grandson, Edward Gamaliel Janeway, M.D.,
is one of the most noted physicians in New York
City.

McMillan, Charles, 1841-

Born in Moscow, Russia, 1841 ; received his early
education at Church Schools in Moscow, and at the
High School in Hamilton, Ca. ; graduated from Rens-
selaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, N. Y., i860, with
degree of C.E. ; Assistant Engineer Brooklyn Water
Works, 1860-61 ; Assistant Engineer Croton Water
Works, 1861-65 ; Professor of Geodesy, Road Engineer-
ing and Topographical Drawing, Rensselaer Polytechnic
Institute, 1865-71 ; Professor of Civil and Mechanical
Engineering Lehigh University, 1871-75; Professor of
Civil Engineering and Applied Mathematics, Princeton,
1875-

CHARLES McMillan, a.m., C.E., Professor
of Civil Engineering and Applied Mathe-
matics in Princeton, son of Alexander and Elizabeth

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

343

(Piatt) McMillan, was born in Moscow, Russia,
March 24, 1S41. His father was a Scotch High-
lander of Scotch-Irish parentage; his mother, a
native of Russia, of English and Russo-(ierman
parentage. The family, then British subjects, left
Russia and came to America in 1854, during the
Crimean War. Professor McMillan's early educa-
tion was obtained partly in Moscow, at the English
School connected with the Protestant Episcopal
Chapel, and in the German School connected with
the Lutheran Church. After arriving in America,
he attended the High School in Hamilton, Canada,

CHAS. MlMILLAN

where he received his final preparation for entering,
in 1856, the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in
Troy, New York. He was graduated at the Institute
in i860, receiving the degree of Civil Engineer.
The degree of Master of Arts was received by him
later from Princeton. He was Assistant Engineer
on the Brooklyn Water Works in i860 and 1861,
and Assistant Engineer on the Croton Water Works
from 1861 to 1S65. In 1865 he was appointed
Professor of Geodesy, Road Engineering and Topo-
graphical Drawing in Rensselaer Polytechnic In-
stitute, where he taught until 1871, when he was
called to Lehigh University, South Bethlehem, Penn-
sylvania, as Professor of Civil and Mechanical En-
gineering. He resigned this position in 1875, to

accept the newly foimded ("hair of (jvil I'.nginecring
and A]>plied Mathematics in the John C. Green
School of Science in tiie College of New Jersey,
(the former corporate title of i'rinceton Univer-
sity). During the years given to teaching Professor
McMillan also acted at different times as consulting
engineer for several public and jirivate works :
Landscape work, bridge construction and sanitary
engineering. Latterly his sjiccialty as a practitioner
and experimenter has been sanitary engineering, in
which branch of civil engineering he is conilucting
advanced investigations. He is credited by the
State Board of Health of Massachusetts ( Rei)ort
1S96), the highest authority on such matters in
America, with being the first to demonstrate, by his
experiments in 1S93 and 1895, th-^ aclai)tability of
coal ashes to the complete purification of sewage by
intermittent filtration. Professor McMillan has been
the Editor of Smith's Topographical Drawing since
his revision of that work in 1SS5, and is the author
of several brief papers on the theory of structures
and on sanitary engineering. He has been a mem-
ber of the .'\merican Society of Civil iMigineers since
January 1868, and an honorary member of the Rens-
selaer Society of Engineers since its foundation. He
was first married July 17, 1S66, to Henrietta L.
Dodge of Brooklyn, New York, and had by this
marriage three children : Charles R., .Augusta C,
and Henry L. McMillan. His present wife was
Annis T. Field, daughter of the late Judge R. S.
Field of Princeton, New Jersey. They have three
children : Richard S. F., .Mexander and Francis C.
McMillan.

ROBINSON, Charles Alexander, 1871-

Born in West Hebron, Washington county, N. Y.,
1871 ; fitted for College at Phillips Academy, Andover,
Mass.; graduated at Princeton as Latin Salutatorian,
in Class of 1894; spent post-graduate year (1894-1895)
as classical fellow at Princeton ; went to Europe in
1895, and spent one year in study and travel ; returned
to America and studied Greek under Professor Gilder-
sleeve at Johns Hopkins, 1896-1897, receiving the
degree of Ph.D.; appointed Instructor in Greek at
Princeton in 1897.

lARLES ALEXANDER ROBINSON, Ph.
D., Instructor in Latin at Princeton, was
born in West Hebron, New York, February 22, 1S71,
son of William and Mary Elizabeth (.\rchibald)
Robinson. He is of Scotch-Irish descent. His
preparation for College was made at Phillips .Acad-
emy, Andover, Massachusetts, where he graduated
in 1890. Entering Princeton, he graduated as the

344

UNIl'ERSiriES JND TflFJR SONS

Latin Salutatorian of his Class in 1S94. The first
year after graduating he devoted to post-graduate
work at Princeton, on a Fello\vshi[) in classics; the
next year he spent in travel and study abroad, mainly
at Rome and Athens; and the following year (1896-
1897) he devoted to study at Johns Hopkins Uni-
versity, Baltimore, where he received the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy. In 1897 he was called to an
Instructorship in Greek, which he held for one year
(1 89 7- 1 898), and then resigned to become In-
structor in Latin, which position he still liolds. Mr.
Robinson is a member of the Cliosophic Society

C. A. ROBINSON

of Princeton, and in politics is a Republican. He
was married on June 16, 1898, to Miss Sarah Sharpe
Westcott of Camden, New Jersey.

KINNEY, William Burnet, 1799-1880.

Born in Speedwell, N. J., 1799; journalist of Newark
about thirty years ; United States Minister to Sardinia,
1851 ; Trustee of Princeton, 1840-1850 ; died in New
York City, 1880.

WnjJAM BURNET KINNEY, A.M., Trus-
tee of Princeton, was born in Speedwell,
Morris county. New Jersey, September 4, 1799.
He was a grandson of Sir Thomas Kinney, an Eng-
lishman and a mineralogist, who crossed the Atlantic

prior to the .\merican Revolution for the purpose of
determining the extent of the mineral wealth of New
Jersey. William B. acquired a good practical edu-
cation and read law in the office of Judge Joseph C.
Hornblower, but instead of entering the legal pro-
fession he adopted journalism and was an Editor in
Newark for about thirty years. As a delegate to the
Whig National Convention at Baltimore in i 844 he
was successful in obtaining the second place on the
ticket with Henry Clay for Theodore Frelinghuysen.
His appointment as Minister Plenipotentiary to the
Kingdom of Sardinia in 1851, proved to be a wise
selection, as his alertness in informing the State De-
partment of the danger attending the transportation
of the Hungarian refugee Kossuth to America on
board of a United States man-of-war, saved the Gov-
ernment from becoming entangled in a European
complication. A timely service to Great Britain
received prompt recognition from Lord Palmerstou
in form of a special despatch, thanking the Ignited
States minister for his courtesy. Upon his retire-
ment from the diplomatic service, Mr. Kinney spent
some time in Florence collecting information for a
prospective historical work, which was never com-
pleted. His death occurred in New York City,
October 21, 1S80. The degree of RLister of Arts
was conferred upon him by Princeton in 1836, and
he rendered valuable service to the College as a
Trustee from 1840 to 1850.

LINDSLEY, Philip, 1786-1855.

Born in Morristown, N. J., 1786; graduated at Prince-
ton, 1804; Tutor in Latin and Greek ; studied theology ;
licensed to preach ; Professor of Languages ; Secre-
tary of the Board of Trustees ; Vice-President of
Princeton ; and Acting President of Princeton ; declined
the Presidency ; President of Cumberland College
(Tenn.): Professor of Archaeology and Church Polity
in the Presbyterian Theological Seminary at New
Albany, Ind. ; received the D.D. degree from Dickin-
son College, 1825 ; Moderator of the Presbyterian
General Assembly at Phila. 1834; Commissioner of
the Presbytery to the General Assembly at Nashville ;
died in Nashville, Tenn., 1855.

PHILIP LINDSLEY, Vice-President of I'rince-
ton, and acting President, was born in Morris-
town, New Jersey, December 2r, 1786; died in
Nashville, Tennessee, May 25, 1855. He was gradu-
ated at Princeton in 1804, and after several years
spent in teaching became a Tutor in Latin and
Greek at the College, meanwhile pursuing the study
of theology. He was licensed to preach in iSio,
and preached in various places until 181 2, when he

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

345

returned to Princeton as Senior Tutor. In 1813 lu-
was made Professor of Languages, and at the same
time became Secretary of the Board of Trustees.
In 181 7 he was elected Vice-President of Princeton,
and following the resignation of Ashbel Green in
1822 he served for a year as Acting President. In
the succeeding year he was elected to tlie Presi-
dency of Princeton, and also of Cumberland College,
Tennessee, both of which he declined. Later he
was again offered the Presidency of Cumberland
(now the University of Nashville) and after a visit
to Nashville he accepted the office in 1S24. Here
he continued for more than a quarter of a century,
until 1S50, when he accepted the Chair of Arch-
eology and Church Polity in the Presbyterian Theo-
logical Seminary at New Albany, Indiana, which he
held for three years, in the meantime declining the
Presidency of several Colleges. He received the
degree of Doctor of Divinity from Dickinson College
in 1S25. Doctor Lindsley was Moderator of the
Presbyterian General Assembly at Philadelphia in
1834, and in 1855 rendered his last official service
as Commissioner of the Presbytery to the General
Assembly at Nashville. One of his sons, Nathaniel
Lawrence Lindsley — born in Princeton, New Jersey,
in 1S16, died in Tennessee in 1S6S — a graduate of
Cumberland College, and for many years Professor
of Languages in that institution, ranked high as a
philologist, and was associated with Doctor Wor-
cester in the preparation of the Dictionary that
bears his name. Another son, John Berrien Linds-
ley— born in Princeton, New Jersey, October 24,
1822 — a graduate of Cumberland and of the Medi-
cal Department of the University of Pennsylvania,
was Professor of Chemistry in the University of
Nashville 1 850-1 873, and founded the Medical
Department of that institution. He became Dean
of the LTniversity, antl subsequently its Chancellor,
serving in the latter capacity from 1855 to 1S70.
He was also Superintendent of Schools in Nashville,
Secretary of the State Board of Education and of
the State Board of Health, and Treasurer of the
.American Public Health .Association, and an active
member of various scientific societies. Princeton
honored him by conferring on him the degree of
Doctor of Divinity (?) in 1858.

Supreme Court, New Jersey, 1774; Delegate to Con-
tinental Congress, 1776 ; signer of the Declaration of
Independence; died, 1781.

RICHARD STOCKTON, A.M., Trustee of
Princeton, was born on the ancestral estate
" Morven," near Princeton, New Jersey, October i ,
1730. He was graduated at Princeton in 174S, and
after studying law with David Ogden in Newark he
was admitted to the Ear in 1754. In 1757 he be-
came a Trustee of Princeton, holding that position
until i78i,and while in Scotland in 1766 by iiis
personal efforts prevailed upon 1 )r. John Wither-

.^^^^^I^^H .^^^H^^K

STOCKTON, Richard, 1730-1781.

Born near Princeton, N. J., 1730; graduated Prince-
ton, 1748; admitted to the Bar 1754; member of Ex-
ecutive Council of the Province, 1768; Judge of the

RICHARD STOCKTON

spoon to reconsider his refusal and to accept the
Presidency of the College. For this and other
services Mr. Stockton received the formal thanks
of the Trustees. He was a member of the l'".xecu-
tive Council of the Province in 1 76S and was ap-
pointed to the Supreme Bench of New Jersey in
1774. He was elected Delegate to the Continental
Congress in 1776, took part in the debate on the
Declaration of Independence and was one of the
signers of that document. Mr. Stockton's health
was broken by the hardships of confinement as
prisoner of war in New York, and he suffered great
losses by the depredations of the British upon his
estate. He died February 28, 1781, and his funeral
sermon was preached in the College Hall at Prince-

346

VNIVERSiriES AND THEIR SONS

tun by Rev. Samuel Stanhope Smith, D.D. Tlic
state of New Jersey placed his statue in the Capitol
at Wasiiingtoii, in iSSS. Mr. Stockton's wife, a
sister of Dr. I'"lias liouilinot, was widely known fur
her literary attainments.

TUCKERMAN, Bayard, 1855-

Born in New York, 1855; graduated at Harvard, 1878;
spent three years in Europe ; Lecturer at Princeton,
i8g8.

BAY.^Rl) TUCKERMAN, Lecturer on English
Ijiterature at Princeton, was born in New
York, July 2, 1855, son of Lucius and Elizabeth
Wolcott ((libbs) Tuckerman. He graduated from

BAYARD TUCKERMAN

Harvard in the Class of 1878, where he took a
Bowdoin Prize. He has spent three years in
Europe in sUidy and tra\el. Mr. Tuckerman has
published tlie following books : History of I'jiglish
Prose Fiction ; Life of Ceneral I^afayette ; Diary
of Philip Hone ; Peter Stuyvesant ; \Villiam Jay,
and the Abolition of Slavery. In 189S he was
appointed Lecturer on English Literature at Prince-
ton. He is a member of the Century Club of
New York. On Sejjtember 26, 1882, he was
married to Annie Cotton Smith. They have four
children : Elizabeth Wolcott, Mary Appleton, Lay-
ard and Joan Cotton Tuckerman.

SMITH, Robert, 1723-1793.

Born in Londonderry, Ireland, 1723; Pastor of Pres-
byterian Church in Pequea, Pennsylvania, 1751, where
he founded a Classical and Theological Seminary;
Second Moderator of the General Assembly of the
Presbyterian Church, 1791 ; received degree of D.D.
from Princeton, 1760, and was Trustee from 1772 to his
death in 1793-

ROi;f:RT SiVHTH, D.D., Trustee of Princeton,
was born in Londonderry, Ireland, in 1723,
emigrating with his father to this country in 1730
and settling in Chester county, Pennsylvania. He
received a classical education at the Fagg's Manor
School of the Rev. Samuel Blair, whose sister
lilizabeth he married in i 749, the year in which he
was licensed to preach. While Pastor of the
Presbyterian Church at Pequea, Pennsylvania he
founded a Classical and Theological Seminary
which attained a high reputation. Princeton con-
ferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Divinity in
1760, and he was Trustee from 1772 until his death
which occurred in Rockville, Pennsylvania, .^pril 15,
I 793. Dr. Smith was the second Moderator ( i 791 )
of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church
in the United States. One of his sons, Samuel
Slanhope (A.B. Princeton, 1769, D.D., Yale, 1783,
LL.D. Harvard 1810) was Professor of Moral Phil-
osophy in Princeton and President of the College,
1795-1812.

STEARNS, Jonathan French, 1808-1889.

Born in Bedford, Mass., 1808: graduated Harvard
1830; Andover Theological Seminary, 1834 ; Pastor of
Presbyterian Church, Newburyport, Mass., 1835-49;
First Presbyterian Church, Newark, New Jersey,
1849-79; Moderator of General Assembly at Harris-
burg, 1S68; D.D. Princeton, 1850; Trustee 1864-86;
died, 1889.

JONATHAN FRENCH STEARNS, D.D., Trus-
tee of Princeton, was born in Bedford, Mas-
sachusetts, in September 1808, was graduated at
Harvard in 1830, studied theology at Andover, and
received license to preach in 1S34. His first Pas-
torate, which he occupied for fourteen years, was in
Newburyport, Massachusetts, and in 1849 he took
charge of the Presbyterian Church in Newark, New
Jersey, where he remained thirty years. He was
Commissioner from the Presbytery of Londonderry
to the General Assembly at Pittsburg and Moderator
at Harrisburg in 1S68. He received the degree of
Master of Arts from Harvard in 1847, and of Doc-
tor of Divinity from Princeton in 1850, and held the
office of Trustee from 1864 to his resignation in
1886. He died in 18S9.

UNIVERSITIES AND rUEUl SONS

347

BREWER, Josiah, 1796-1872.

Born in Massachusetts, 1796; pursued a regular and
post graduate course at Yale where he was a Tutor
for two years; was one of the early missionaries to
the Orient; introduced schools and the printing-press
into Asiatic Turkey. Died, 1872.

JOSIAH BREWER, M.A., I'ulor .at Vale, was a
native of Berkshire county, Massachusetts,
born in 1796. After taking his Ikichelor's degree
at Vale (1821), he pursued a post-graduate course,
obtaining the degree of Master of Arts, and served
the College as Tutor from 1824 to 1S26. In 1830,
he went to Asiatic Turkey at the first call of the
American Board of Foreign Missions, commencing
his missionary work at Smyrna, where he introduced
the first printing-press, and established the first
newspaper. He also founded schools and continued
in the service of the American Board for several
years. Mr. Brewer died in Stockbridge, Massachu-
setts, November 19, 1872. He was the author of
Residence in Constantinople, and Patmos, ami the
Seven Churches of Asia.

ATWATER, Wilbur Olin, 1844-

Born in Johnsburg, N. Y., 1844; graduated from
Wesleyan, 1865 ; studied chemistry at Yale, Berlin
and Leipzig; Assistant Instructor at Yale, 1868-69;
Professor of Chemistry at the University of East
Tennessee, 1871-72; called to the Maine State College,
1873 ; returned to Wesleyan the same year as Pro-
fessor of Chemistry, was Director of the Connecticut
Agricultural Experimental Station, 1875-77, ^"'^ °f the
Office of Experiment Stations in Washington i888-gi.
Since 1898, Director of the Storrs Experiment Station.

WILBUR OLIN ATWATER, Ph.D., Assis-
tant Instructor at Yale, was born in Johns-
burg, New York, May 3, 1S44. After graduating
from ^Vesleyan with the degree of Bachelor of
Arts in 1865, he pursued a course in chemistry
at the Scientific Department of Yale where he
received the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in
1869. He then went abroad and studied at the
Universities of Berlin and Leipzig. In 1S71 he
went to the University of East Tennessee as Pro-
fessor of Chemistry and in 1873 accepted a similar
Professorship at the Maine State College, Orono,
but resigned shortly afterward for the purpose of
returning to Wesleyan as Professor of Chemistry rn
which position he still remains. From 1S75 to 1877
he was Director of the Connecticut Agricultural
Experiment Station, the first of the kind in this
country, and is still a member of the Board of Con-

trol. Since 1888 he h:is been Director of the Storrs
(Connecticut) Experiment Station. He founded in
18S8 and until 1891 was Director of the Office of
Experiment Stations, United St;ites Department of
Agriculture, and from 1891 to the present time has
been a special agent of the Department of Agricul-
ture. Since 1894 he has been in charge of Nutri-
tion Investigations provided for by Congress in
connection with that 1 )ep:utment. His published
papers are very nimierous, including over one hundred
titles. A large number of thcin tieat of the chemical
and other scientific investigations carried out by

\V. O. AlWATKk

himself and under his direction, and have been
published in chemical journals and transactions of
learned societies and government publications both
in this country and Europe ; others of a more pop-
ular character have appeared in magazines and
books.

CARTER, Franklin, 1837-

Born in Waterbury, Conn., 1837; graduate of
Williams, 1862; Professor there 1865-1872; taught
German at Yale nine years ; chosen President of
Williams, i88i.

FRANKLIN CARTER, Ph.D., LL.D., Profes-
sor of German at Vale, is a native of Water-
bury, Connecticut, and w;is born September 30,

34^

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

18,^7. He was educated at I'liillips-Andover Acad-
eniv, Vale and Williams Colleges, graduating from
the latter in 1S62, and comiileted his studies at the
Berlin University. In 1865 he took the Chair of
Latin and French at Williams, and in 1S68 his
duties were curtailed to Latin alone, which he
continued to teach for the succeeding four years.
Called to the Professorship of German at Yale in
1872, he continued in charge of that Department
until 1 88 1, when he was elected President of Wil-
liams. President Carter received the degree of
Master of .^rts from Williams and from Jefferson
(I'ennsylvania) 1864 and \'ale 1874. That of
Doctor of Philosophy was conferred by Yale 1877,
and that of Doctor of I^aws by Union in 1881. His
translation of Coethe's Iphigenie auf Tauris, ap-
peared in 1S79. He is author of: ]\Lark Hopkins
in American Religious Leaders, 1S92. Trustee of
Andover Theological Seminary, Trustee of Clark In-
stitute Deaf Mutes, Member Massachusetts Board of
Education, Modern Language Association, American
Philological Association, American Oriental Society
and American Antiquarian Society.

BROADUS, John Albert, 1827-1895.

Born in Virginia, 1827; M. A. University of Va., and
Assistant Professor there 1851-53; Pastor of the Bap-
tist Church in Charlottesville, Va., until 1859; Profes-
sor in the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary
1859-95, President 1889-95; Lecturer at Yale Divinity
School, 1888-89; died, 1895.

JOHN ALBERT BROADUS, D.D., LL.D., Lec-
turer at the Yale Divinity School, was born in
Culpeper county, Virginia, January 24, 1827, and
died in Louisville, Kentucky, March 16, 1895. His
classical education was acquired at the University of
Virginia, and after taking his degree, he was Assist-
ant Professor there from 1851 to 1853. For eight
years Pastor of the Baptist Church in Charlottes-
ville, Virginia, he was widely known throughout his
life as a preacher of rare eloquence and power. In
1859 he was summoned to fill the Chair of New
Testament Interpretation and Homileties at the
Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, then located
ill Greenville, South Carolina, and now in Louisville,
Kentucky. Professor Broadus lectured on Preach-
ing at the Yale Divinity School in 1888- 1889, filling
the Lyman Beecher Lectureship for those years.
He delivered also courses of lectures at Rochester,
Newton and Johns Hopkins. He was a noted

Greek scholar and New Testament critic. Some
thirty years ago he prepared an elaborate review for
the Religious Herald of the American Bible Union
revised-version of the New Testament, and he is the
author of Preparation and Delivery of Sermons,
which is used as a text-book in various theological
seminaries. He published other religious writings
of much v.alue, the most important being the Com-
mentary on Matthew, the first volume in the .Amer-

JOHN A. BROADUS

ican Commentary series; History of Preaching;
Jesus of Nazareth; Memoirs of James P. Boyce ;
Sermons and Addresses, and Harmony of the
Gospels.

CRAW, William Jarvis, 1830-1897.

Born in Norwalk, Conn., 1830 ; graduated at the
Sheffield Scientific School of Yale, 1852; Assistant
Instructor in Applied Chemistry there, 1852-1853: was
for a time engaged in business pursuits and was a
pioneer in the artificial cultivation of oysters in Con-
necticut; died in 1897.

WILLIAM JARVIS CRAW, Ph.D., Assistant
Instructor at the Sheffield Scientific
School of Yale, was born in Norwalk, Connec-
ticut, January 27, 1830. In 1848 he became a
student in the Vale .Analytical Laboratory, now

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

349

tlie Sheffield Scientific School and was a member
of the Class of 1852, the first one to graduate from
the Scientific Department of Yale under its present
name. He received the degree of Doctor of Phil-
osophy at graduation and remained in the labora-
tory as Assistant Instructor in Applied Chemistry
during the succeeding year. Turning his attention
to commercial chemistry, he followed that business
for about two years or until failing health compelled
its abandonment. He then settled at Rowayton,
Connecticut, where he engaged in the oyster-plant-
ing industry upon scientific principles, and was a
pioneer in the artificial cultivation of oysters on the
Connecticut shore. Mr. Craw died in Rowayton
October 26, 1897. He was married November
27, 1879 to Josephine Chapin of New Berlin, New
York.

CHASE, Frederick Lincoln, 1865-

Born Boulder, Col., 1865; prepared for College at
Boulder public schools and Preparatory Dept. State
Univ. of Colorado ; B.A. Univ. Colorado, 1886; Ph.D.
Yale, 1891 ; Assistant in Yale Observatory 1890-gi ;
Assistant Astronomer, 1891- ; Instructor in Astronomy,
Sheffield Scientific School, 1894-

FREDERICK LINCOLN CH.ASE, Ph.D.,
Assist.ant Astronomer in the Yale Observa-
tory and Instructor in Astronomy at Yale, was born
at Boulder, Colorado, June 28, 1865, son of George
Franklin and Augusta Ann (Staples) Chase. His
early education was acquired in the public schools
of his native town, and in the Preparatory Depart-
ment of the State University of Colorado, from
which institution he received the degree of Bach-
elor of Arts in 1886. For a year thereafter he took
post-graduate work in the University of Colorado,
the succeeding year taught in the public schools, and
then entered the Post-Graduate Department of Yale,
in the Fall of 18S8. In the Spring of 1890 Mr.
Chase accepted a position as .Assistant in the Yale
Observatory, and in 1S91 he took the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy. In 1891 he was made .-Vs-
sistant .Astronomer, and in 1894 was appointed also
Instructor in Astronomy in the Sheffield Scientific
School. His first piece of astronomical work and
the subject matter of his doctorate thesis was the
Yale share in the Triangulation of the Victoria
Comparison .Stars, which is incorporated in the
recently published Solar Parallax from Heliometer
Observations of Minor Planets, a very extensive
investigation made by the Royal Observatory of
the Cape of tlood Hope, the Yale Observatory and

several German observatories working in co-opera-
tion. In iSy6 he [jublished Part \' of Vol. I
Transactions of the Yale I'niversity Observatory,
entitled .A Triangulation of the Principal .Stars of
the Cluster in Coma Berenices. Since 1892 one of
the chief problems occupying his attention, soon to
be published, h.as been a rather sweeping investiga-
tion for parallax of eighty-five of the fainter stars
which show a considerable jiroper motion. He
has also contributed a number of short pa[)ers to
the A.stronomical Journal. In November 189S,
while engaged in photographing in I.eonitl Mete-

FREDERICK L. CH.ASE

ors, a line of work in which the Yale Observatory
has been the pioneer, he had the good fortune to
discover a new comet, the fourth to be discovered
by photogra|ihic means, for which he was awarded
by the .\stronomical Society of the Pacific the Don-
ahoe Comet Medal. Dr. Chase is a member of the
Graduates' Club of New Haven, and a fellow of
the American Association for the Advancement of
Science.

CURRY, Samuel Silas, 1847-

Born in Chatata, Tenn., 1847 ; educated at the East
Tenn , Wesleyan and Boston Universities ; prepared
for his special line of work both at home and abroad ;
became Instructor of Elocution and Oratory at Boston

350

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

University in 1879, and was Snow Professor of Oratory
1883-88; founded the School of Expression in 1884;
Acting Professor at Newton Theological Institution
since 1884; Instructor at the Yale Divinity School
since 1892; Instructor in Harvard College, 1891-94; and
in the Harvard Divinity School since 1897.

SAMUEL SILAS CURRY, Ph.D., Instructor in
Oratory at Harvard and Yale, was born in
Chatata, East Tennessee, November 23, 1847.
He is a son of James Campbell and Nancy (Young)
Curry, the former a descendant of the Campbells of
Scotland, and the latter belonging to an Old Domin-
ion family residing in Abingdon, Virginia. His fam-
ily record gives evidence of the sturdy and patriotic
character of his ancestors. His great-great-grand-

S. S. CURRY

father, Robert Campbell, fought in the Revolutionary
War under Washington, volunteering at the age of
sixteen. Eight brothers of his great-grandmother
fought side by side in one battle under General
Marion during the Revolutionary War. As educa-
tional facilities in the South were practically at a
standstill during the Civil War, he was consequently
forced to pursue his College preparations mainly
alone and unaided. He was graduated with honor
from the East Tennessee Wesleyan L^niversity in
1872. At the Boston University he received the
degrees of Master of Arts, Bachelor of Divinity, and

Doctor of Philosophy. Another profession was
chosen, but the loss of his voice compelled him to
relinciuish it. He studied in all parts of the world
to regain his voice ; taking lessons of over forty dif-
ferent specialists. Thus led to make elocution and
oratory his special line of work he determined to
attain the highest degree of perfection ])ossible
before entering the field, and to lift these hitherto
neglected studies to their rightful position in general
and University education. With this end in view,
he studied assiduously under the best instructors in
the United States and Europe, also taking courses
in such arts and sciences as could in any way aid
him in demonstrating his ideas, and after the com-
pletion of his studies abroad he took charge of the
Oratorical and Elocutionary Department in the Col-
lege of Liberal Arts and the School of All Sciences,
Boston University, to which he was appointed in
1S79. In 1883, he was made Snow Professor of
Oratory and resigned that Chair in 1888 for the
purpose of developing the well-known School of
Expression, Boston. He has labored diligently to
improve the methods of study, and the results ob-
tained by the application of his advanced ideas have
proved exceedingly beneficial to the art. Dr. Curry
was chosen Davis Professor of Elocution and Oratory
at the Newton Theological Institution in 1884, and
has occupied that Chair continuously to the present
time. He was Instructor in Oratory at Harvard
from 1 89 1 to 1894, and his connection with the
Yale Divinity School in the same capacity dates
from 1892. He is the author of the Province of
Expression ; of Lessons in Vocal Expression ; and
of Imagination and Dramatic Instinct. He is also
Editor of Expression, a quarterly review devoted to
the interests of the Spoken Word. His books and
methods have received the highest commendations
from educators. He is a member of the Episcopal
Club and has been Librarian of the Boston Art Club
for a number of years. In 1882, he married Anna
ISaright of Poughkeepsie, New York. Miss Baright
was of a long line of Quaker ancestors, including the
Carpenters, Deans and Mabbetts, and Thornes, well
known families of Duchess County. Her maternal
great-grandfather, the only break in the Quaker
line, was Ceneral Samuel Augustus Barker, who
served in both wars between the LInited States and
Great Britain and afterwards was a member of the
New York Legislature. Mrs. Curry is a graduate of
the Boston University School of Oratory. She has
been a teacher at the School of Expression ever
since it was established.

UNIFERSiriES ANB TIIKIR SONS

351

HOOKER, Charles, 1779-1863.

Born in Berlin. Conn., 1779; graduated at Yale. 1S20,
and from the Medical School, 1823 ; one of the founders
of the Conn. State Hospital ; Professor in the Yale
Medical School. 1838-1863; Dean for the last ten years
of his life ; died 1863.

CHARLES HOOKKR, M.D., Medical Trofes-
sor at Yale, was born in lieilin, Connecticut,
March 12, 1779. His original American ancestor
was the Rev. Thomas Hooker, founder of Hartford.
Graduating from Yale in 1820 and from the Medical
School three years later, he was a practising physi-
cian in New Haven for forty years. He was called
to Yale as Professor of Anatomy and Physiology in
1838, and was Dean of the Medical School for the
last ten years of his life, wliich terminated March
19, 1863. l)r. Hooker prepared numerous articles
upon timely topics for the medical journals. He
was a member of the Connecticut Medical Society
which he frequently represented at the meetings of
the National Medical Association, and one of the
founders of the State Hospital, serving as a Director
for some years.

FISHER, George Park, 1827-

Born in Wrentham, Mass., 1827; prepared for Col-
lege at Wrentham, Mass.; A.B. Brown, 1847; studied
theology at Yale, Andover, and in Germany; Professor
of Divinity Yale, 1854; ordained to the ministry, 1854;
Professor of Ecclesiastical History at the Yale Divinity
School, 1861 ; MA. Yale, 1667; D.D. Brown. 1866;
Edinburgh and Harvard, 18S6; Princeton, 1896; LL.D.,
College of New Jersey, 1S79.

GEORCxE PARK FISHER, D.D., LL.D., Pro-
fessor of Ecclesiastical History in the Yale
Divinity School, was born August 10, 1827, in
Wrentham, Massachusetts, son of Lewis Whiting
and Nancy (Fisher) Fisher. The family was of
old English ancestry. He fitted for College at
Day's Academy at Wrentham, and graduated from
I'.rown in 1847. He studied theology at the Yak-
Divinity School, but finished his course at the
Andover Theological Seminary, and took a post
graduate course in Germany. He was elected Pro-
fessor of Divinity at Yale in 1854, and was ordained
on acceding to this office. In 1861 he was elected
Professor of Ecclesiastical History. He was awarded
the degree of Master of Arts by Yale in 1867, Doc-
tor of Divinity by Brown in i866, by Edinburgh in
1886, by Harvard in 1886, by Princeton in 1896,
and Doctor of Laws by Princeton in 1879. Dr.
Fisher is a member of the .Vmerican Antiquarian

Society, a corresponding member of the American

Academy of Arts and Sciences, of the Massachusetts
Historical Society, a member of the Century Club
of New York, has been President of the American
Society of Churcli History, and President of the

GEORGE P. FISHER

American Historical Association. He was married
.Aprils, 1 860, to Adeline Louisa Forbes, and has four
children : George Park, Jr.. William Forbes, Charlotte
Root (Pepper), and Addison Louis (deceased).

GOOCH, FRANK AUSTIN, 1852-

Born in Watertown, Mass.. 1852; prepared for Col-
lege at Cambridge, Mass.; A.B. Harvard, 1872; Ph.D.
Harvard, 1877 ; Graduate Department Harvard, 1877-
78; Expert Agent Tenth Census, 1879-81; Chemist
Northern Transcontinental Survey, 1881-84; Chemist
U. S. Geological Survey, 1884-86; Professor of Chem-
istry, Yale, 1886-

FRANK AUSTIN GOOCH, Ph.D., Professor
of Chemistry at Yale, was born in Water-
town, Massachusetts, May 2, 1852, son of Joshua
Goodale and Sarah Gates (Coolidge) Gooch. He
prepared for College in a private school at Cam-
bridge, and graduated from Harvard with honors in
physics and chemistry in 1872, taking the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy in 1S77. He spent six years
in the Clraduate Department of Harward, and acted

352

UNIVERSITIES JND THEIR SONS

as private assistant in research work to Professor
Wolcott Gibbs for one year. For half the period of
his graduate work at Harvard he was Assistant in the
Chemical Department of the University, and for
two and a half years the incumbent of a Parker Fel-
lowship. Of this time a year was devoted to study
in Vienna, and later some three months were given
to investigations of the method and equipment of
many European laboratories. From October 1879
to October 1 881 he was engaged as an Expert Special
Agent of the United States Tenth Census, under
Professor Raphael Pumpelly, in the laboratory work

F. A. GOOCH

of special investigations into the iron resources of
the country and into the cretaceous coals of the
Northwest. From then until the spring of 18S4 he
was chemist of the Northern Transcontinental Sur-
vey, established by the management of the Northern
Pacific Railroad for the purpose of investigating the
resources and appropriate lines of development of
the territory tributary to that system. From April
1884 to July 1886 he was engaged in the study of
the waters of the Yellowstone National Park upon an
appointment of the United States Geological Survey.
In the autumn of 1885 he was elected Professor of
Chemistry at Yale, entering upon his duties a year
later, when he undertook the planning of the Kent
Chemical Laboratory and the supervision of its

construction. Professor Gooch is a member of the
National Academy of Sciences, the American Acad-
emy of Arts and Sciences, the Connecticut Academy
of Arts and Sciences, and the New York Academy of
Arts and Sciences, and has published some fifty
papers embodying the results of his chemical re-
searches. He was married August 12, 18S0, to
Sarah Elisabeth ^\'yman, and has one daughter ;
Meredyth Gooch.

HOOKER, HORACE, 1793-1864.

Born in Berlin, Conn., 1793; educated at Yale, and
at the Andover Theological Seminary, also Tutor at
Yale, 1817-1822 ; Chaplain of the Hartford Insane
Asylum; died in Hartford, 1864.

HORACl': HOOKER, I\1.A., Tutor at Yale,
was born in Berlin, Connecticut, in 1793.
His classical course was pursued at Yale, where he
graduated in 1815 after which he studied theology
at Andover, Massachusetts. With the exception of
the time spent as a Tutor at Yale his life-work con-
sisted chiefly in preparing religious literature for the
young in which he was associated with the Rev.
Thomas H. Gallaudet and for a number of years
prior to his death, which occurred in Hartford,
December 17, 1S64, he was Chaplain of the Insane
Asylum in that city. Mr. Hooker published twelve
volumes on Bible history, and the Youth's Book of
Natural Theology.

HARRIS, SAMUEL, 1814-1899.

Born in East Machias, Me., 1814; prepared for
College at Washington Academy, East Machias ; A.B.
Bowdoin, 1833 ; Principal of Limerick, Me., Academy,
1833-34, ^fi Washington Academy, 1834-35; Andover
Theological Seminary, 1835-38; Principal of Washing-
ton Academy, 1838-41 ; Pastor Congregational Church,
Conway, Mass., 1841-51 ; Pastor South Church, Con-
way, Mass., 1841-51 ; Pastor South Church, Pittsfield,
Mass., 1851-55; Professor Bangor Theological Semin-
ary, 1855-67; Pastor Central Church, Bangor, 1855-63;
President Bowdoin College, 1867-71 ; Professor The-
ology, Yale Divinity School, 1871-97; died, 1899.

SAMUEL HARRIS, D.D., LL.D., Professor of
Systematic Theology at Yale, was born in East
Machias, Maine, June 14, 1S14, the youngest of nine
children of Josiah and Lucy (Talbot) Harris. His
father was a native of Boston, and on his mother's
side he is descended from Peter Talbot, one of the
first settlers of East Machias. He prepared for
College at the Washington Academy of his native
town, and graduated from Bowdoin College in 1833.

UNIFERSITIKS .-/ND THEIR SONS

353

For a year after graduation he was Principal of the
Limerick Academy, Maine, and during the succeed-
ing year he held the same position at the Washington
Academy of East Machias. He was a student at
the Andover Theological Seminary from 1S35 to
1838, returning to the Principalship of the Washing-
ton Academy in 1838. This he resigned in i(S4i
and became Pastor of the Congregational Church of
Conway, Massachusetts. At the end of ten years he
accepted a call from the South Church of Pittsficld,
Massachusetts, of which he was the first Pastor.
Leaving Pittsfield in 1855 he was Professor of Sys-

SAMUEL HARRIS

tematic Theology in the Theological Seminary of
Bangor, RLaine, 1855 to 1867. At the same time
he was also joinUy with Professor Shepard of the
same' Seminary, Pastor of the Central Church in that
city from 1855 to 1863. In 1867 he became Pres-
ident of ISowdoin, also filling the Chair of Mental
and Moral Philosophy. He resigned in 187 1 to
become Professor of Systematic Theology in the
1 )ivinity School of Yale, a position which he held
until 1896, retiring then as Professor " Emeritus."
Dr. Harris was married April 30, 1839. to Deborah
R. Dickinson, and on October 11, 1877, to Mrs.
Mary S. Fitch (n^e Skinner). Dr. Harris has con-
tributed many articles to newsjjapers and reviews,
and has also published the following books : The

VOL. 11. — 23

Scriptural Plan of Benevolence, a Prize Essay ;
Clirist's Prayer for the Clorification of his Redeemed,
a Oift for Mourners ; The Kingdom of Christ on
Ivirth ; The I'hilosophical liasis of Theism ; The
Self-Revelation of God ; God, The Creator and Lord
of .Ml (2 volumes). In these books he ])resents
the Christian religion and the essential and never
changing truths and realities underlying the Christian
life, in the light of modern progressive knowledge
and civilization. Dr. Harris died at Litchfield,
Connecticut, June 25, 1899.

HOOKER, Worthington, 1806-1867.

Born in Springfield, Mass., 1806; graduate of Yale,
1825, of the Harvard Medical School, 1829; practised
in Norwich, Connecticut; member of the Medical
Faculty at Yale, 1852-1867 ; author of numerous scien-
tific works; died in New Haven, Conn., 1867.

WORTHINGTON HOOKER, M.D., Med-
ical Professor at Yale, was born in Sjiring-
ficld, Massachusetts, March 3, 1806. His liachtlor's
and Master's degrees were taken at Yale, the former
in 1825 and his Medical degree was obtained at
Harvard four years later. For many years he was a
leading practitioner in Norwich, Connecticut. He
occupied the Chair of Theory and Practice in the
Medical Department of Yale from 1852 until his
death, which occurred in New Haven, November 6,
1867. Professor Hooker was an active member of
the American Medical Association, of which he was
elected Vice-President in 1864, and he prepared a
number of committee reports. His published works
include a series of scientific books for the young;
Physician and Patient ; Homeopathy, an Examin-
ation of its Doctrine and Evidences ; Human
Physiology for Colleges and Schools ; Rational Thera-
peutics ; Child's Book of Nature ; and The Children's
Book of Common Things.

INGERSOLL, James W. D., 1867-

Born at Marengo, 111., 1867 ; early education at
Marengo public schools; University of Rochester,
1887-88; B.A. Yale, 1892; Ph.D. Yale. 1894; Tutor in
Greek, Yale, 1894-96; Tutor in Latin, 1896-97; As-
sistant Professor of Latin, 1897-

JAMES W. D. INGER.SOLL, Ph.D., Assistant
Professor of Latin at Yale, was born in Mar-
engo, Illinois, Sejitember 18, 1867, son of Charles
William and Martha IClizabeth (Wernham') Inger-
soll. His early education was acquired in the
Marengo ])ublic schools, after which he w;is in the

354

VNIl'I'.RSiriF.S JM) THEIR SONS

grain business with his father for three years, study- i)iiysici;uis in their ihiy and the latter assisted in

ing privately chiring the last year. He attended tlie estabUsliing the Yale Medical School. He coni-

University of Rochester one year, 18S7-1888, and pleted his classical studies at Yale in 1852, receiv-

subsequently entered Yale, where he was valedicto- ing his Master's degree in course. Pursuing his

rian of his class, taking the degree of Bachelor of jirofessional studies at the Jefferson Medical College,

Arts in 1892. He remained a student in the Grad- Philadelphia, he took liis degree of Doctor of

uate Department of Yale from 1892 to 1894, when Medicine in 1854 and practised successfully in the

he took the degree of Ductiir of Philosophy and University ("ity for twenty-three years. In 1868

was made Tutor in Greek. In 1896 he was 'I'utor he ji)ined the I'acully of the Yale Medical School as

in Latin, after which lie became Assistant Professor Professor of 'Plieory and Practice, the chair formerly

of Latin, a position whicli he still holds. He is a held by his grandfather, and occupied it until 1873.

member of the Graduates' Club of New Haven, and

J. W. D. INGERSOLL

while in College he was a member of the Phi Pieta
Kappa and the Psi Upsilon. He married Katherine
Barber, of Marengo, Illinois, July 14, 1898.

IVES, Charles Linnaeus, 1831-1879.

Born in New Haven, Conn., 1831 ; graduate of Yale,
1852 and of Jefferson, 1854; practised in his native
city ; Professor of Theory and Practice at Yale, 1868-
1873; an able medical writer ; died, 1879.

CHARLES LINN/EUS IVES, M.D., Medical
Professor at Yale, belonged to an old medi-
cal family of New Haven and was born in that city
June 22, 1831. His great-grandfiither Levi, and
his grandfather, Eli Ives, were noted New Haven

Professor Ives' death occurred in 1879. He was
the author of a prize essay on The 'I'herapeutic
Value of Mercury and its preparations, and of an
article on Prophylaxis of Phthisis Pulmon.alis, both
of which were issued by the Connecticut Medical
Society.

LADD, George Trumbull, 1842-

Born at Painesville, Ohio, 1842; early education at
the public schools of his native town; A.B. Western
Reserve College, 1864 ; B.D. Andover Theological
Seminary, i86g; D.D., Western Reserve, 1880; Pastor
in Edinburgh, Ohio, 1S69-71 ; Pastor in Milwaukee,
1871-79; A.M. Yale, 1881 ; Professor of Philosophy at
Yale, 1881-; LL.D., Western Reserve, 1895, and
Princeton, i8g5.

GEORGIA TRUMBULL LADD, D.D., LL.D.,
Professor of Philosophy at Yale, was born at
Painesville, Lake county, Ohio, January 19, 1842,
son of Silas Trumbull and L^Iizabeth (Williams)
Ladd. The Ladds were originally Norman Erench
uho " came to England with William the Conqueror
from Erance, settled at Deal, Kent county, where a
l)ortion of land was granted them eight miles from
1 )over." The name was originally spelled de Lad,
I ,e Lad, de Ladde, etc. Daniel Ladd took the oath
of supremacy and allegiance to jtass to England in
the Mary and John of London, March 24, 1633-4.
Professor Ladd is descended from the Connecticut
branch. His paternal grandmother was a Brewster,
descended directly from Elder William Brewster,
through his son. Love. His maternal grandfather
(Williams) and maternal grandmother (Porter)
were both of the Connecticut branches bearing
these names. Although most of Professor Ladd's
early education was self-gained, he attended for a
short time the public schools of Painesville, and
entered the Western Reserve College in 1S60, grad-
uating in 1S64. .^fter two years in business he
entered the .\ndover Theological Seminary, from
which he graduated in 1869. Upon his graduation

UNIFERSiriES JND rilKIR SONS

355

he received a call to act as Pastor of the Congre- the American Association of Naturalists. Among
gational Church ot Ivlinburgh, Ohio, a position Professor Lackl's writings arc the following: Princi-
which lie abandoned in 1S71 to become Pastor of pies of Church Polity ; Doctrine of Sacred Scripture ;

the Spring Street Congregational Cinirch of Mil-
waukee. In 1S79 he was offered the i'rofessorship
of Philosophy in Bowdoin College, which he ac-
cepted, and remained tliere until he took the Chair
of Philosophy at Yale in 1881. Professor [.add
has been very active as a writer and lecturer during
his career as Professor at Vale. From 1S79 to 1881
he lectured on Church Polity at the .Andover Theo-

I'^lemcnts oi Physiological Psychology ; \\ hat is
the P.ible? Introduction to Philosophy; Outlines of
Physiological Psychology ; Psychology, 1 )es(ripiivc
and Explanatory ; Primer of Psychology ; Philosophy
of the Mind ; Philosophy of Knowledge ; .'\ Theory
of Reality; Essays on the Higher Education:
translation of six volumes of l,ot/.e's Oiulines of
Pliilosophy. Professor Ladd was married 1 )e-

igical Seminary. During the following year he cember 8, 1S69, to Cornelia A. Tallman, of

Bridgeport, Ohio ; and to Francis V. .Stevens
December 9, 1895. He has had four < hildren :
George Tallman (1871), Louis Williams (1873),
Jesse Brewster (1876) and Eli/abeth Tuilor l.aild
(1884). Professor Ladd's writings on psychology
and philosophy have had a wide circulation, both in
this country an<l abroail, — a number of tlnun being
adopted as text-books in foreign institutions, includ-
ing Russia and the University of liombay. Several
of them have been translated into Japanese and
made use of in the Colleges of that coimtry. His
Elements of Physiological Psychology was, when it
appeared, the only complete treatise on that sub-
ject in the world with the exception of Professor
Wundt's, and it has exerted a great influence over
the development of modern psychology in this
country. Professor Ladd has during this past year
received invitations from the Imperial University of
Japan, and from the Imperial Education Society of
Japan, to lecture on theoretical and on applied
psychology; and from various persons and institu-
tions in India, to lecture there on the philosophy of
religion. He will spend next fall and winter in
accordance with these invitations.

GEORGE TRUMBUI.I. I..\DD

took the work assigned to Professor Park with the
graduate students in systematic theology, and the next
year he lect\ired on the same subject at the Har-
vard Divinity School. In the summer of 1892 he
went to Japan, where he delivered some fifty lectures
and addresses — a course in Doshisaj, another before'
the students of Tokio, another in the summer school
at Hakone. Professor Ladd was appointed a mem-
ber of the Faculty of Harvard for the year 1S95
and 1S96, and conducted the graduate Seminar in
Ethics. During the following summer he lectured
on Ethics and the Philosophy of Religion at Chi-
cago University. He was one of the founders of
the American Psychological Association, and was
ltd second President. He is also a inember of

RICHARDS, Charles Brinckerhoff, 1833-

Born in Brooklyn, N. Y., 1S33: educated in private
schools ; acquired his knowledge of mechanical en-
gineering chiefly through practical experience ; ad-
vanced from draughtsman to Superintendent and
Consulting Engineer : appointed Professor of Mechan-
ical Engineering at Yale, 1884.

CHARLES BRINCKERHOFF RICHARDS,
M..-\., I'rofessor of Mechanical Engineering
at the Sheffield Scientific School, Yale, is a native of
Brooklyn, New York, and was born December 23,
1833. He is a son of 'Phomas Fanning and Harriet
Howland (Brinckerhoff) Richards, the former of
whom wxs a representative of the Tracy family, and

35^

UNIVERSITIES AND "tHEIR SONS

his maternal ancestry can be traced ilircctly to Jolin
llowland, oneoftlie original " Mayllower " Pilgrims.
His education was obtained in private schools and
his professional training was acquired under prom-
inent mechanical engineers and by practical experi-
ence in mechanical workshops, principally at the
Woodruff & Beach Iron Works, Hartford, Connecti-
cut, and at Colt's Armory in that city. In 1S5S he
located in New York as a consulting engineer, re-
maining there until 1861, when he returned to Colt's
Armory, where during the succeeding nineteen years
he occupied successively the posts of Engineer,

C. B. RICHARDS

Superintendent, and Consulting Engineer, and in
1S80 he accepted the Superintendency of the South-
wark Foundry and Machine Company, Philadelphia,
w-hich he retained four years. In 1884 he was
selected by the Yale Corporation for the Professor-
ship of Mechanical Engineering at the Sheffield
Scientific School, and has ever since remained at
the head of that Department. Professor Richards
was made honorary Master of Arts by Yale in 1884.
In i860 he made a very notable improvement in
the steam engine indicator. His invention made
possible further investigations, greatly stimulating
the study of the steam engine and initiating a series
of rapid developments in its efficiency. He held
the office of Water Conmiissioner at Hartford from

1S75 to 1880, and served as an expert on the Board
of United States Commissioners to the Paris expo-
sition in 18S9. From 1880 to 18S2 he was a man-
ager of the American Society of Mechanical
Engineers and served as its Vice-President from
1888 to 1890; is a fellow of the American Asso-
ciation for the Advancement of Science, and mem-
ber of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine
I'.ngineers ; member of the Connecticut Academy of
Arts and Sciences, Chevalier of the Legion of Honor,
of France, and corresponding member of the Society
Industrielle de Mulhouse, .Alsace, Cermany ; and a
member of the Graduates Club, New Haven. At
Hartford, September 16, 1S58, he married Agnes
Edwards Goodwin, of that city, and his children
are: George B., Alice G., Elizabeth H., Harriet R.,
and Marian E. Richards.

JONES, George, 1800-1870.

Born in York, Penn., 1800; graduated at Yale,
1823; taught in the United States Navy two years;
Tutor at Yale, 1828-1831 ; ordained a Deacon of the
Episcopal Church in the latter year ; appointed Chap-
lain in the Navy, 1833, remaining in the service for the
rest of his life ; acquired considerable celebrity as a
writer ; died, 1870.

GEORGE JONES, M.A., Tutor at Yale, was
born in York, Pennsylvania, July 30, 1800.
He completed his education at Yale, taking his
Bachelor's degree in 1823 and receiving that of
Master of Arts in course. Returning to the College
as a Tutor in 1S2S, he studied theology while oc-
cupying that post, and after his ordination as a
Deacon in 1831, began the active duties of his
ministry at the Episcopal Church in Middletown,
Connecticut. He was appointed Chaplain in the
United States Navy in 1833, having previously
served as a teacher on board the frigates Constitu-
tion and Brandywine, and in 1S53 he accompanied
Commodore Perry's famous expedition to Japan.
For some time he held the Chair of Belles-lettres
at the United States Naval .Academy, Annapolis,
and at the time of his death, January 22, 1870, he
was performing the duties of his office at the Naval
.Asylum in Philadelphia. Besides the result of his
observations on the zodiacal light printed in the
re]iort of the United States Japan expedition, he
was the author of : Sketches of Naval Life ; Excur-
sions to Cairo, Jerusalem and Balbec ; Life Scenes
from the Four Gospels ; and Life Scenes from the
Old Testament.

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

357

BEEKMAN, James William, 1815-1877.

Born in New York City; educated at Columbia;
travelled extensively ; member of the Assembly and
State Senate ; identified with various charitable and
benevolent institutions of the metropolis ; member of
the New York Historical Society ; Trustee Med. Dept.
Columbia, 1850-77; Trustee Columbia College 1875-77 ;
died, 1877.

JAiMKS WILLIAM BEEKMAN, A.M., Trustee
of Columbia, was born in New York City,
November 22, 1S15. He was a representative of
the well-known Knickerbocker family of that name
and a lineal descendant of William Beekman, who
accompanied Governor Peter Stuyvesant from
Holland, was an officer of the West India Com-
pany, and subsequently an Alderman of New York
City after its acquirement by the British. James
W. was fitted for Columbia imder the direction of
a private tutor, was graduated with the degree of
Bachelor of Arts in 1834, and was made a Master
of Arts four years later. He studied law but did
not enter into practice as he inherited from his
father a large fortune, which was subsequently
augmented by his uncle James Beekman's East
River estate containing the historic family mansion
in the immediate vicinity of Fifty-second Street.
After his return from a protracted tour abroad made
for the special purpose of observing the practical work-
ings of the European governments, he served in the
New York Assembly in 1848, and was a State Senator
for the years 1S49 and 185 1. The rest of his life was
devoted to promoting the welfare of educational,
charitable and benevolent institutions of the metro-
polis. He was President of the Women's Hospital,
Vice-President of the New York Hospital, and a
Director of the New York Dispensary ; was an
active member of the New York Historical Society
before which he delivered a centennial discourse in
187 1, and read numerous papers. Mr. Beekman
was a Trustee of the Medical Department of Colum-
bia from i860 until his death, which occurred June
15, 1877, and he was a member of the College
Board of Trustees during the last two years of liis
life.

CANFIELD, George Folger, 1854-

Born in New York City, 1854 ; prepared for College
at Phillips-Exeter Academy; graduated at Harvard,
1875; studied abroad, 1875-77; graduated from Har-
vard Law School, 1880; admitted to New York Bar,
188 1 ; appointed Professor of Law at Columbia, 1894 ;

on expiration of term in 1897, re-appointed for a fur-
ther term of three years.

Gl'.ORGE FOLGER CANFIi;!,!), I.I.B.,
Professor of Law at C'olumbia, was born in
New \'ork City, .'Vugust 21, 1854. Botli liis fatlicr,
Albert Warren Canfield, and liis niotlur, I-'.iizaheth
Irene Page, were of P'nglisli descent. His fallier
was a descendant of Thomas Canfield, who left
ICn-gland about the middle of the seventeenth
century and settled in Milford, Connecticut, where
he died in 1689. .Albert Warren Canfield was a
native of New Jersey, the f^imily having moved there

GEO. F. CANFIELD

from Connecticut. The early education of the
subject of this sketch was received in the private
schools of New York City, and through jjrivate
tutors. He prepared for College at the Phillips
Academy, P^xeter, New Hampshire, and then en-
tered Harvard, taking his degree sumiiia iiitn laiiJc
in 1875. After his graduation he went to luirope,
and spent the years 1875 to 1877 at the German
Universities of Gottingen, Heidelberg and Leipzig,
studying history and Roman law. On his return
from Germany he entered Harvard Law School for
a three years' course, graduating in 1880. He was
admitted to the New York Bar in February iSSi,
and has since then been engaged in the jiractice of
law in New York City as a member of the firm
of Wilmer & Canfield. In 1894 he was appointed

358

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

Professor of Law in Columbia Law School for a
term of three years, on the expiration of which in
1S97 he was immediately reappointed for another
term. He is now engaged in the double work of
teaching and practising law. Professor Canfield
married, February 24, 1S84, Sarah Kittredge of
Peekskill-on-Hudson New York. They have one
child : George Dana Canfield, born Januarys, 1887.
Mrs. Canfield died July 15, 1897. Though not a
partisan ailherent of any political party, Professor
Canfield has been an earnest and active worker in
the various reform movements initiated for the
purpose of securing better municipal government in
New York City of late years. He is a member of
the New York Law Institute, the Bar Association,
Harvard, City and University Clubs, the Down
Town Association, Civil Service Reform Association,
and the Board of I\Lanagers of the Stale Charities
Aid Association.

COLLINS, Howard Dennis, 1868-

Born in New York City, 1868; graduated from Peeks-
kill Military Academy, 1884; two years at Rogers
High School of Newport, R. I.; graduated from Yale
in 1890; graduated from the New York College of
Physicians and Surgeons in 1893 ; has held several
important positions on the staffs of the New York
City Hospitals ; Assistant Demonstrator in Anatomy
in Columbia since May 1895.

HOWARD DENNIS COLLINS, M.D., Assis-
tant Demonstrator of Anatomy at Columbia,
was born in New York City, July 9, 1868. He was
the son of George and Anna Maria (Taft) Collins,
both members of old New York families, and his
ancestors rendered distinguished service in the War
for Independence. His early training and educa-
tion were received in private schools in Europe. In
1 88 1, his family having meantime returned to Amer-
ica, he entered the Peekskill Military Academy, at
Peekskill, New York, from which he graduated in
18S4. Then followed a two years' course at Rogers
High School, Newport, Rhode Island, after which
he matriculated at Yale, taking his degree in 1890.
Deciding to follow the medical profession, he entered
the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York
City (the Medical Department of Columbia) from
which he graduated in 1S93, and began the practice
of medicine in New York. From 1893 to 1S95 lie
was Interne on the surgical stafif of Roosevelt Hos-
pital, New York City. In the latter year he became
Assistant Surgeon at the Vanderbilt Clinic, a posi-
tion which he filled for two years. At this time

(Jime 20, 1S95) he married Helen Gawtry of
.\ew York City. They have one son, Harrison G.
Collins. In May 1897 he was appointed Assistant
Surgeon in the Out-Patient Department of Roose-
velt Hospital, and Assistant to the Attending Sur-
geon of the same Institution. Since May 1895, he
has been Assistant Demonstrator in Anatomy at
Columbia. Dr. Collins is a member of a number
of societies and clubs, among them the University
Club of New York City, the Yale University Cluli of

HOWARD D. COLLINS

New Haven, the Sons of the Revolution, the Psi
Upsilon Fraternity, the Roosevelt Alumni Associa-
tion, and the Academy of Medicine of New York
City.

CRAGIN, Edwin Bradford, 1859-

Born in Colchester, Conn., 1859; fitted for College at
Bacon Academy in Colchester; graduated from Yale
in 1882 ; graduated from the New York City College of
Physicians and Surgeons in i885; has held various
important professional positions in the New York City
Hospitals ; was appointed Asst. Secretary to the
Faculty of the College of Physicians and Surgeons in
December 1893, and became Secretary in July 1895 ;
appointed to the Chair of Obstetrics in the College in
1898.

EDWIN BRADFORD CRAGIN, M.D., Pro-
fessor of Obstetrics at Columbia, was born
at Colchester, Connecticut, October 23, 1859, where

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

159

his parents, I",ihvin Tiiniithy ami Aiilclia I'^llis
(Sparrow) Cragiii were then residing, Iiaviiig re-
moved from New York City. He is a descendant
of Governor William ISradford, one of the leaders of
the band of I'nritaiis who sailed in the Mayflower
to Plymouth Rock, and laid the foundations of an
empire. His early education was received at Bacon
Academy in Colchester, where he prepared for Col-
lege. He entered Yale in 1879, taking his degree
in 1882. Deciding to study the profession in which
he has since gained fame, he entered the College of
Physicians and Surgeons in the City of New York in

E. B. CRAGIN

1883, and graduated in 1886, taking at graduation
the first Harsen prize for proficiency in examination.
He served on the house staff of the Roosevelt Hos-
pital from June i, 18S6 till December i, 1S87. He
has filled various imijortant professional positions in
New York City, among them thatof Assistant Gynecol-
ogist to the Out-Patient Department of the Roosevelt
Hospital, to which he was appointed in July 1S88,
attending Gynecologist to the Out-Patient Depart-
ment of the hospital, November 27, 18S8 ; Assistant
Gynecologist to the hospital proper, June 25, 1S89.
On June 27, 18S9 he was appointed Assistant Sur-
geon to the New York Cancer Hospital. He held
this position until November 21, 1893, when pres-
sure of work forced him to resign it. On the 14th

of November, 1S95 he was appointed Consulting
Gynecologist to the New \'ork Infirmary for Women
and Children, and on January 22, 1896, Consulting
Obstetric Surgeon to the Maternity Hospital on
lilackwell's Island. He married May 23, 1889,
Mary R. Willard of Colchester, Connecticut.
They have two children, Miriam W. and Alice G.
Cragin. Dr. Cragin has been officially connected
with the New York City College of Physicians and
Surgeons since Decenil)er 18, 1893, when he was
appointed Assistant Secretary of the Faculty. He
became Secretary July i, 1895. In April 1S98, he
was elected to the Chair of Obstetrics in the Col-
lege, with the title of Lecturer in Obstetrics, to fill
the vacancy catiscd by the resignation of Dr. McLane.
At about the same time he was also appointed At-
tending Physician to the Sloane Maternity Hospital.
In May 1899, he was elected Professor of Obstetrics
in the College, at which time he resigned his posi-
tions at the Roosevelt Hospital and as Secretary of
the Faculty. Dr. Cragin is a member of the .\meri-
can Gynecological Society, the New Y'ork County
Medical Society, the New York Obstetrical Society
and the New York .\cademy of Medicine. He is a
Republican in politics.

GOODNOW, Frank Johnson, 1859-

Born in Brooklyn, New York, 1859; B.A. (Amherst)
1879; studied law in New York, and was admitted to
the Bar in 1882; LL.B. (Columbia), 1882; studied at
Paris, 1883-84: studied at University of Berlin, 1884,
one semester; honorary degree of LL.D. from Am-
herst, 1895.

FRANK JOHNSON ClOODNOW, LL.D., Pro-
fessor of Administrative Law at Columbia,
comes of an olil New I'aigland family, the first rep-
resentative of which in this country came to Sud-
bury, Massachusetts, in 1638. His father was a
resident of Brooklyn, New York, where Frank John-
son Goodnow was born January 18, 1859. The
subject of this sketch as a boy attended private
schools in his native city, where he was fitted for
College. He entered Amherst in 1876, graduating
in 1879 and coming to New York, entered upon
the study of law in the office of Judge John F. Dil-
lon. He was admitted to the New York Bar in
1882, and in the same year Columbia conferred
upon him the degree of Bachelor of Laws. .After
practising his profession for a short time he went
to Paris in 18.S3 for the purpose of studying political
science and kindred subjects in the Ecole Libre

360

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

des Sciences Politiqiies. He spent a year there,
and also studied at the University of Berlin tiuring
one semester in 1884. On his return to America
in 1884 he began teaching at Columbia. He is
the author of a number of legal and politico-legal
works, among them Comparative Administrative
Law, Municipal Home Rule, and Municipal Prob-
lems. He has been for some years one of the
Editors of the Political Science Quarterly, for which
he has written numerous articles on political sub-
jects. Amherst conferred upon him the honorary
degree of Doctor of Laws in 1S95. He married.

FRANK J. GOODNOW

June 2, 1886, Elizabeth Buchanan Lyall of Brook-
lyn. They have three children : Isabel Lyall, David
Franklin and Lois Root Goodnow. Dr. Goodnow
is a member of the New York Bar Association, the
Century Association, the University Club and the
City Club, of which he has been a Trustee. He is
greatly interested in the spread of L^niversity Set-
tlement work, and is a Trustee of the University
Settlement Society of New York City. He is a
Republican in politics.

1852-1856 and of the \A?est Presbyterian Church in
New York City, 1856-1881 ; Professor at Union Theo-
logical Seminary and elected President, 1888; member
of Columbia University Council, 1891-1894.

THOMAS SAMUEL HASTINGS, D.D., LL.D.,
L.H.D., member of the Columbia Univer-
sity Council and President of Union Theological
Seminary, was born in LUica, New York, .-August 28,
1S27. He is a son of Thomas Hastings, the noted
composer and collector of church music, for many
years a choir director at Dr. Mason's church in
Bleecker Street, New York. Thomas S. studied at
Hamilton, graduating in 1848, and completed the
regular course at the Union Theological Seminary
in 1851. His first charge was the Presbyterian
Church in Mendham, New Jersey, where he resided
from 1852 until called to a Pastorate in New York
City in 1856 which he retained for twenty-five
years. Exchanging pastoral for educational work,
he took the Chair of Sacred Rhetoric at the L'nion
Theological Seminary, and was elected President in
1888, but resigned the Presidency in 1897, retain-
ing his Professorship. President Hastings was made
a Doctor of Divinity by the LTniversity of the City
of New York in 1865, and Doctor of Laws by
Princeton in 1888 and Doctor of Letters by Hamil-
ton in 1898. He was a member of the University
Council of Columbia for the years 1 89 1— 1894.

HASTINGS, Thomas Samuel, 1827-

Born in Utica, N. Y., 1827 ; graduated at Hamilton,
1848, and from Union Theological Seminary, 1851 ;
Pastor of Presbyterian Church in Mendham, N. J.,

PECK, Harry Thurston, 1856-

Born in Stamford, Conn., 1856; graduated at Colum-
bia, 1881 ; post-graduate Columbia, 1881-84 ; University
of Berlin, 1E88 and 1890; Tutor at Columbia, 1882-88 ;
Professor of Latin there, 1888- ; Editor University
Bulletin, 1891-93 ; Editor-in-Chief International Ency-
clopaedia, i8gi-; Editor The Bookman. 1895- ; Literary
Editor New York Commercial Advertiser, 1897- ;
member of various learned societies, and author of
numerous classical and other works.

HARRY THURSTON PECK, A.M., Ph.D.,
L.H.D., Professor of Latin at Columbia,
was born in Stamford, Connecticut, November 24,
1856, son of Harry and Harriet Elizabeth (Thurston)
Peck. His early education was received under pri-
vate tuition and at Greenwich Institute, Greenwich,
Connecticut. Graduating at Columbia in 18S1, he
took a four years' post-graduate course (1S81-1884)
at that institution, and in i888 and 1S90 further
pursued his studies at the University of Berlin. The
degree of Doctor of Philosophy was given him by
Cumberland LTniversity in 1883, and that of Doctor
of Letters in 1S84. His official connection with

UNIVERSITIES AND r/IK/R SONS

361

Columbia dates from 1SS2, wIkii he was appoiiUcil
Tutor in Latin. Subseciuently he became Instruc-
tor in Latin and the Semitic Languages and later
Acting Professor of Latin, and in i8cSS he was made

18S2, to Nellie M. Dawbarn ; ihry have one daugh-
ter, Constance S. 1). I'eck.

HARRY T. PECK

Professor of I,atin, which chair he still holds. He
was Editor of the University Bulletin from 189 1 to
1893, and has been Editor-in-Chief of the Inter-
national Cyclopaedia since 1891, Editor of The
Bookman since 1895, and Literary Editor of the
New York Commercial Advertiser since 1897. He
has published among other works the following, in
the order named : The Semitic Theory of Creation ;
Suetonius ; Latin Pronunciation ; Roman Life ; The
.■\dventures of Mabel ; The Personal Equation ; A
Dictionary of Classical Literature and Antiquities ;
The International Cyclopedia ; Classical Studies,
Triniilchio's Dinner; Grey Stone and Porphyry;
and What Is Good English? Professor Peck was
Secretary of the Columbia LTnjversity Council in
1892, and has been Secretary of the Faculty of
.■\rts since 1S94. Besides being a member of the
Phi Beta Kappa and Delta Kappa Epsilon, he holds
membership in the Royal Society of Canada, the
.\merican Geographical Society, the American Philo-
logical .Association and the .American Dialect Society.
He is also a member of the Century and Authors'
Clubs of New York. He was married .April 26,

MacVANNEL, John Angus, 1871-

Born in St. Mary's, Ontario, 1871 ; graduated at St.
Mary's Collegiate Institute, 1889, and from the Univer-
sity of Toronto, iSgj ; continued studies at Cornell and
Columbia; Ph.D. Columbia, i8g8; Assistant in Phil-
osophy at Columbia since 1895 ; Lecturer in Pratt In-
stitute, Brooklyn. 1897 ; Lecturer in Brooklyn Institute
of Arts and Sciences.

JOHN ANGUS M-uYANNl'd., I'li.D., .\ssistant
in Philosophy at ('i)hiiiiliia, was born in St.
Mary's, Ontario, October 5, 1 "7 i, son of Peter and
Mary (MacDougall) MarVaniiel. His preliminary
education was acquired in tlie public schools and
Collegiate Institute of his native town, where he
matriculated in 1S89. After graduating at the
University of Tonnito in 1S93 and receiving his
Master of .Arts degree in 1894 he was a Sage
Scholar in l';thics at Cornell in 1894 and 1895, and
a LIniversity Fellow in Philoso]}hy at Columbia in
1S95 and 1896. In the latter year he was a])poinled

JUll.N AMa:.s M,uV.\NNEI,

.Assistant in Philosophy at Columbia, which position
he still holds. In 1897 he was appointed Lecturer
in Psychology and History of Education in the
Pratt Institute of Brooklyn. In 1S98 he was ap-

36:

UNiyERSiriES AND rUElR SONS

pointed Lecturer iii Education in the lirooklvn
Institute of Arts and Sciences. He was made a
Doctor of Pliilosopiiy by Columbia in 189S.

MORGAN, John Livingston Rutgers, 1872-

Born in New Brunswick, N. J., 1872 ; B.Sc. Rutgers,
1892; A.M. and Ph.D. University of Leipzig, 1895;
Assistant in Stevens Institute, Hoboken, 1895-96;
Instructor in Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute 1896-97;
Tutor at Columbia, 1897 ; author of several chemical
works.

JOHN i.nixGsrox rl"1(;ers morgan,
Pli.I)., 'I'ntor in Chemical Philosophy and
("heniical Physics at Columbia, was born in New

J. LIVrNGSTON R. MORGAN

Brunswick, New Jersey, June 27, 1872, son of Rev.
Brockholst Morgan, D.D., A.K.C., and Mary Rutgers
Morgan. He was educated principally at Rutgers
Preparatory School, and Rutgers College, where he
graduated as a Bachelor of Science in 1892. Sub-
sequently he studied in Germany, taking the Master
of Arts and Doctor of Philosophy degrees at the
University of Leipzig in 1895. In 1895 and 1896
he was Assistant in Chemistry at the Stevens Insti-
tute, and in 1896 and 1897 was Instructor in Quan-
titative .Analysis at the Polytechnic Institute of
Brooklyn. Since July i, 1897, he has been Tutor
in Chemical Philosophy and Chemical Physics at

Columbia. Dr. Morgan is the author of .\n Out-
line of the Tlieory of Solution ami Its Results, 'Uie
Principles of iM;Uhematical Chemistry,- — the latter
from the German of Professor Georg Helm, and
The Elements of Physical Chemistry ; as well as of
;i number of scientific articles. He is a member of
the Delta Phi :ind Theta Nu Iqjsilon societies.

PRUDDEN, Theophil Mitchell, 1849-

Born in Middlebury, Conn., 1849; fitted for College
privately; graduate of the Sheffield Scientific School
of Yale (biological course) 1872; studied medicine at
Yale Medical College and the College of Physicians
and Surgeons, N. Y.; received the degree of M.D.
from Yale ; Instructor in the Sheffield Scientific School
for two years ; spent two years in post-graduate study
abroad at the Universities of Heidelberg, Berlin and
Vienna ; Instructor in Normal Histology and Pathol-
ogy, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1879; Lec-
turer on Normal Histology at Yale Medical School,
three years ; Director of the Laboratories of Pathology
in the College of Physicians and Surgeons and Col-
umbia 1882 ; called to the Chair of Pathology at
Columbia, 1893.

THEOPHIL MITCHELL PRUDDEN, M.D.,
LL.D., Professor of Pathology at Columbia,
was born in Middlebury, Connecticut, July 7, 1849,
the son of George P. and Eliza A. (Johnson)
Prudden of that place. He is a lineal descendant
of the Rev. Peter Prudden, one of the sturdy band
of Puritans who founded the Milford Colony in
Connecticut early in the seventeenth century, and
first Pastor of the little church erected by the pion-
eers. After receiving his early training and collegi-
ate preparation in various public and private schools,
he took the biological course at the Sheffield Scien-
tific School at Yale, graduating with the degree of
Bachelor of Arts in 1872. He then entered upon
the study of medicine at the Yale Medical College
and later at the College of Physicians and Surgeons
in New York City, the Medical Department of
Columbia. He received the degree of Doctor of
Medicine from Yale, and was for two years Instructor
in Chemistry at the Sheffield Scientific School.
.After a hospital service of one year in this country.
Dr. Prudden went abroad and spent two years in
post-graduate study at the Universities of Heidel-
berg, Berlin and Vienna. Returning to America,
he became in 1879 Instructor in Normal Histology
and Pathology in the College of Physicians and
Surgeons, New York, and also filled for three years
the post of Lecturer on Normal Histology at the
Yale Medical School. In 1S82 he was made Dir-

UNIVERSITIES ANB THEIR SONS

3^3

ector of the I.abonitnrirs of ratlioloi^y in the
College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia,
and in 1S93 was called to the Chair of I'athology
in the same Institution. His contributions to

T. WnCHELL PKUUUEN

science have been made along the lines of pathol-
ogy and bacteriology. In 1896 he received from
Yale the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws. Dr.
Prudden is a member of a number of societies and
clubs, among them the New York Academy of
Medicine, the New York Pathological Society,
American Folk-Lore Society, New York Historical
Society, American Geographical Society, Century
Club of New York, University Club of New York,
and the New York Athletic Club. He is un-
married.

ROOD, Ogden Nicholas, 1831-

Born in Danbury, Conn., 1831 ; prepared for College
at a private school in Philadelphia ; graduated from
Princeton with the Class of 1852 ; spent two years at the
Sheffield Scientific School of Yale: studied abroad in
the Universities of Munich and Berlin, 1854-57 ; ap-
pointed Professor of Physics and Chemistry in Troy
(N. Y.) University, 1859; Professor of Physics at
Columbia, 1864-

CDKN NICHOLAS ROOD, A.M , Professor
of Phvsics at Columbia, is a native of Con-

I'cbruary 3, 1.S31. His fatln'r, the Rov. Anson
Rood, was a well-known minister of Danbtiry. who
married Aleida Couvcrneur Ogden of an old New
York famiU'. Ogden N. Rood's early education was
received in private schools, and he prepared for
College at the classical school of Dr. Samuel
Crawford in I'liiladelphia, Piim^xKauia. He
entered Princeton in T.S49, and \wni through
his College course with distinction, graduating
with the Class of 1S52. During the following
two years he was a student at the Sheffield
Scientific School of Yale. In 1854 he went abroad,
and the three years from 1854 to 1S57 were spent
in perfecting himself in his chosen profession at the
Clerman Universities of Munich and Berlin. On his
return to America he was in 1859 appointed to the
Chair of Physics and Chemistry in the ITniversity of
Troy, New York. He filled this position for five
years, becoming so well-known among educators
that in 1864 Columbia bestowed upon him the Pro-
fessorship of Physics there, which he has held ever
since. He marrie<l in Mimich, Bavaria, .August 11,
1859, Mathilde Amalie Prunner. They have five

OGDEN N. ROOD

children, two boys and three girls. Dr. Rood is a
member of a number of societies more or less con-
nected with his profession, among them, the National
necticut, having been born in Danbury, in tliat State, .Academy of Sciences (of which he was elected a

3^4

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

nu-niluT in 1X65), the American riiilnsiiphieal So-
ciety of I'hiiailelphia and tiio American Academy of
Arts and Sciences of Boston. He is also one of the
oldest members of the Century Club of New York
City, having been elected in 1865. He takes no
active part in political life. Dr. Rood has published
about seventy original scientific investigations, and
is the author of Modern Cliromatics.

SHERMAN, Henry Clapp, 1875-

Born in Ash Grove, Va., 1875; graduated from Mary-
land Agricultural College (B.S.) in 1893; Assistant
Chemist World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago,
1893; Assistant in Chemistry, Maryland Agricultural
College, 1893 : Fellow in Chemistry at Columbia, 1895-
97; A.M. (Columbia) 1896, Ph.D. (Columbia) 1897;
Assistant in Chemistry at Columbia, 1897-98; Assis-
tant in Nutrition Investigations U. S. Department of
Agriculture, 1898-99 ; Lecturer in Chemistry at Colum-
bia 1899-

HF.XRV CI.APP SHERMAN, Ph.D , Lecturer
in Chemistry at Columbia, was born in Ash
(irove, Virginia, October 16, 1S75, but comes from

H. C. SHERM.\N

New England Puritan stock, his f;ither, Franklin
Sherman, being a member of the Connecticut family
of that name, and his mother, Caroline Clapp
Alvord, being related to the Alvonls and Clapps of
Massachusetts. His early training was received in

the ]iublic SI hools of Fairfax county, Virginia. He
entered the Maryland Agricultmal College in 18S9,
and graduated with the degree of Fiachelor of Science
in 1893. He received from Columbia the degree
of Master of Arts in 1896, and that of Doctor of
Philosophy in 1897, from the same institution. On
his graduation from the Maryland Agricultural Col-
lege in 1893 he was appointed an Assistant Chem-
ist at the \\'orld's Columbian Exposition, held at
Chicago in that year. .After the close of the Exposi-
tion he became Assistant in Chemistry at tlie Marv-
land .Agricultural College, holding that iiosition until
1895, when he was made Fellow in Chemistry at
Columbia. In 1897-189S he was Assistant in .Ana-
htical Chemistry at Columbia ; 1 898-1 899 .Assistant
in Nutrition Investigations, United States Depart-
ment of .Agriculture and in 1899 he became Lec-
turer in Chemistry at Columbia. Mr. Sherman,
who is unmarried, is a member of the .American
Chemical Society, and an honorary member of the
Association of Official .Agricultural Chemists. He
has never taken any active part in matters of a
political nature.

STRUTHERS, Joseph, 1865-

Born in New York City, 1865; graduate of the Com-
mercial Course of the College of the City of New
York ; entered the School of Mines of Columbia in
1881, taking the degree of Ph.B. in Chemistry in 1885;
Fellow in Mineralogy at the School of Mines, 1885-88 ;
Assistant in Mineralogy and Metallurgy, 1888-90;
Ph.D. (Columbia) 1890; Tutor in Metallurgy at Colum-
bia since 1891 ; in 1893-94 delivered the lectures on
metallurgy during the illness of Dr. Egleston ; spent
the summer of 1894 in Europe studying metallurgical
works and processes; has also been in charge of
several Summer Schools of Metallurgy 1896-98 ; since
1897 ^'^s been in charge of several lecture courses on
metallurgy at Columbia.

JOSEPH STRUTHERS, Ph.D., Tutor and Lec-
turer in Metallurgy at Columbia, was born in
New York City, November 13, 1865. His parents
were Joseph and .Anne Elizabeth (Galloway) Struth-
ers. The family dates back to .Alan de Struther,
High Sheriff of Northumbedand, England, under
Henry HI. in 1356. Joseph was educated in a
private school until the age of fifteen, and then, after
one year spent in a New Vork City public school,
took the commercial course in the College of the
City of New York. In 1881 he entered the School
of Mines of Columbia, graduating in 1885 with the
degree of Bachelor of Philosophy. He received the
degree of Doctor of Philosophy from Columbia in
1890. His distinguished professional career may

UNIJ'F.RSTTIFJ JND TJIF.TR SONS

.1<'^5

be summarized as follows: I''ello\v in Mineralogy at
C'oliiiiibia University School of Mines. 1885-1SSS,
Assistant in Mineralogy and Metallurgy. 1888-
1890, Tutor on Metallurgy at the Columbia Univer-
sity School of Mines. 1S91-1S92 he delivered the
lectures in metallurgy at the School of Mines, in
place of Pr. Egleston, who was absent on account of
sickness. The summer of 1894 he spent in Europe
in the study of metallurgical works and processes.
In 1S94-1S95 he was engaged in special work upon
pyrometers and calorimeters. During the spring of
1896 he again delivereil the lectures on metallurgy

l»r. Struthers is a member of the I'hi damma Delta
I'Vaternity and a fellow of the American Institute of
Mining Engineers.

JOS. STRUTHERS

at the School of Mines. During the summer of 1896
Dr. Struthers was in charge of the Summer School
in Practical Metallurgy at Butte, Montana, and he
afterwards devoted three months to a metallurgical
trip throughout the western part of the United
States and British Columbia. In 1897 he resigned
the Instructorshi]5 in Chemistry, Blowpipe Analysis
and Crystallography at Woodbridge School, New
York City, which he had held since 1890. Since
1897 he has been in charge of several lecture courses
on metallurgy at Columbia's School of Mines. Dur-
ing the summer of 1897 he was at the head of the
Summer School in Practical Metallurgy at Chicago
and Pittsburgh. He is a specialist of wide reputa-
tion and high authority in the measurements of high
temperatures and the physical properties of slags.

FISKE, Thomas Scott, 1865-

Born in New York City, 1865 ; fitted for College at
the Pingry School, Elizabeth, N.J.; B A., Columbia,
1885; M.A., 1886; Ph.D., 1888; Fellow in Mathematics,
1885-88; student at Cambridge University, England, in
1887; Tutor in Mathematics, Columbia, 1888-91; in
charge of the Mathematical Department of Barnard
College, the Women's Department of Columbia, 1889-
95; Instructor in Mathematics, Columbia, 1891-94; Ad-
junct Professor, 1894-97; Professor, 1897-

TIIOi\L\S SCOTT FISKE, Ph.D., Professor of
Mathematics at Coluinbia, is a scion of an
old New Hampshire family. His father, Thomas
Scott Fiske, Sr., was a banker in San Francisco,
afterward removing to New York, where the subject
of this article was born, May 12, 1865. The first
representative of the family settled in Massachusetts
in 1 63 1. Thomas Scott Fiske's early education
was received at home. In due time he entered the
Pingry School at Elizabeth, New Jersey, to fit him-
self for Columbia. He graduated from Columbia
in 1885, taking a Fellowship in Mathematics. He
was made Master of Arts in 1886, and in the follow-
ing year went to England and studied for a time at
the University of Cambridge. On the expiration of
his Fellowship in 1888 he received the degree
of Doctor of Philosophy and was made a Tutor in
Mathematics. Three years later he became In-
structor, and in 1894 was made Adjunct Professor.
He was promoted to the full Professorship in 1897.
He was also a member of the original faculty of
Barnard College, the Women's Department of Co-
lumbia, and was for several years (from 1889 to
1895) in charge of all the Mathematical Instruction
at that College. He is the author of several scien-
tific papers, and of a work on Theory of Functions
of a Complex Variable, contained in Merriam &
\Voodward's Course of Higher Mathematics. In
1 888 Professor Fiske was one of the founders of the
New York Mathematical Society, which six years
later became the American Mathematical Society.
He was Secretary from the formation of the Society
until 1895, ^''"' li'is been since its inception Editor
of the Bulletin of the Society. Professor Fiske is
also a member of the London Mathematical Society,
The American Association for the ."Xdvancement of
Science and the New York Academy of Sciences.
He is tmmarried. He has never taken an active
interest in politics.

366

UNIFERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

ABBOTT, Lyman, 1835-

Born in Roxbury, Mass., 1835 ; graduated at the
University of the City of New York in 1853 ; began the
practice of law in 1856; ordained to the ministry in
i860; Pastor of the Congregational Church in Terre
Haute, Ind., until 1865; Secretary of the American
Union (Freedmen's) Commission until 1868; resigned
the pastorate of the New England Church, New York
City in 1869 to engage in literary work; edited the
Literary Record of Harper's Magazine and also the
Illustrated Christian \A/eekly ; associated with the Rev.
Henry Ward Beecher in the Editorship of the Christian
Union, becoming Editor-in-Chief after his colleague's
death ; succeeded Mr. Beecher in the Pastorate of
Plymouth Church, which he resigned in 1898; was
preacher to Harvard, 1890-1893 ; and has contributed
largely to the religious and secular literature of the
present day.

LYMAN ABBOT!', D.D., IJ-.D., Preacher to
Harvard, the third son of Jacob Abbott,
was born in Roxbury, Massachusetts, December 18,

LYMAN ABBOTr

1835. He was graduated from the University of
the City of New York in the Class of 1853 in the
eighteenth year of his age, and after preparing him-
self for the legal profession he entered into practice
with his brothers, Benjamin ^'. and Austin Abbott,
in 1856. Discovering that his ambition lay in the
direction of the pulpit rather than the Bar, he
studied theology with his uncle, the Rev. John S.
C. Abbott, and in i860 was called to his first Pas-

torate, that of the Congregational Church in Terre
Haute, Indiana, where he remained for the ensu-
ing five years. Accepting in 1865 the Secretary-
ship of the American Union (Freedmen's) Com-
mission, which necessitated his removal to the
metropolis, he was partially occupied with the
duties of that position for the next three years,
having in the meantime responded to a call from
the New England Church, New York, and he con-
tinued as its Pastor until 1869. At this period of
his life the love and capacity for literary pursuits,
for which the Abbott family has long been noted,
combined with other circumstances to cause his re-
linquishment of the parish and he engaged in lit-
erature and journalism. The Literary Record of
Harper's Magazine was edited by him for a num-
ber of years, and at the same time he conducted
the Illustrated Christian Weekly, severing his con-
nection with the latter paper for the purpose of
taking charge of the Christian Union, the Editor-
ship of which he shared for a time with the Rev.
Henry \\'ard Beecher, and after the death of his
distinguished associate he became Editor-in-Chief,
meanwhile preaching as supply in the pulpit of the
Presbyterian Church of Cornwall, New York, which
he had made his home. The Pastorate of Ply-
mouth Church so long occupied by the famous
Brooklyn Preacher, Henry Ward Beecher, came to
Dr. Abbott almost as an inheritance as the society
seemed to regard him as the only eligible successor
of their late Pastor, and his acceptance of the
charge gave general satisfaction to the great mass
of outsiders who are almost regular attendants, as
well as to the members themselves. His labors at
Plymouth Church, together with his literary woik,
the extent c)f which can only be known to those
whose freedom from the cares of business enables
them to occupy their time in reading the current
writings of the day, at length produced such a
strain upon his health as to make absolutely neces-
sary the curtailment of his work, and with feelings
of reluctance he resigned his Pastorate in 1898.
Dr. Abbott received his Bachelor's degree from the
University of New Y'ork at graduation and that of
Doctor of Divinity was conferred upon him by the
same institution in 1S77. The same degrees were
also conferred upon him by Harvard to which he
was Preacher for four years. Besides the two novels
Cone-Cut Corners and Matthew Caraby, written in
collaboration with his two brothers, Benjamin and
Austin, his more notable published works consist of :
Jesus of Nazareth: His Life and Teachings; Old

UNIVERSmES AND rilElK SONS

i(^7

Testament Shadows of New 'I'estanK'iit Truths ; A
Dictionary of Bible Knowledge ; A Layman's Story ;
An Illustrated Commentary on the New Testament
in four volumes ; A Life of Henry Ward Beecher ;
For Family Worship, a book of devotions ; In Aid of
Faith ; The Evolution of Christianity ; Christianity
and Social Problems ; The Theology of an Evolu-
tionist ; The Life and Letters of Paul the Apostle ;
and two volumes of Sermons. Among several
pamphlets which he has issued at different times
perhaps the most notable is The Results of Eman-
cipation in the Lfnited States ; and he has edited
two volumes of Sermons by Henry Ward Beecher ;
and Morning and Evening Exercises selected from
the writings of the same author.

ABBOT, Abiel, 1765-1859.

Born in Wilton, N. H., 1765; graduated at Harvard
in 1787; taught at Phillips-Andover Academy until
1789 ; studied theology and labored as a missionary in
Maine; Tutor of Greek at Harvard in 1794; ordained
to the Ministry at Coventry, Conn., in 1795 and dis-
missed in 1811; taught the Dummer Academy until
1819; engaged in agricultural pursuits in North An-
dover, Mass., until 1827 ; Pastor of r. church in Peter-
borough, N. H., from 1827 until his retirement in 1848;
wrote a history of Andover, a genealogy of the Abbot
family and other works ; died in West Cambridge,
Mass., 1859.

AniKL ABBOT, S.T.I)., Tutor at Harvard, was
born in Wilton, New Hampshire, December
14, 1765. After pursuing the regular course at Har-
vard, from which he was graduated in 1787, he
joined the Faculty of Phillips-Andover Academy,
where he continued to teach until taking up the
study of theology in 17S9. He subsequently went
to Maine as a missionary. In 1794 he was called
back to Harvard as a Tutor of Greek, but in the
following year accepted the Pastorate of the Church
in Coventry, Connecticut, and labored there until
181 1, when he was dismissed on account of his
theological opinions. Once more resuming educa-
tional work, he was Principal of the Dummer Acad-
emy, Newbtiry, Massachusetts, for about eight years
or until 1819, in which year he moved to a flirm in
North Andover, and devoted his time to tilling the
soil until called to the Pastorate of the church in
Petersborough, New Hampshire, in 1827. His
ministry in Petersborough extended through a period
of twenty-one years, at the expiration of which time
he resigned, and the rest of his life was spent in
retirement. Dr. Abbot won his desrce of Master

of Arts at Harvard, which also ronferrrd upon him
the degree of Doctor of Di\inity in 1838. Besides
the History of .Andover and the (jcnealogy of the
Abbot Family, he published a full account of his
difficulties with the C'oventry congregation. He
died in West C'ambridge, Massachusetts, January 31,

1859-

BOTSFORD, George Willis, 1862-

Born in West Union, Iowa, 1862 ; graduated at the
University of Nebraska ; studied at Johns Hopkins
University ; Professor of Greek at Kalamazoo College ;
studied at Cornell; Substitute Instructor in Ancient
History at Cornell; Professor of Greek at Bethany
College, West Virginia; Instructor in the History of
Greece and Rome at Harvard; member of the Amer-
ican Philological Association; Phi Beta Kappa
(Nebraska University).

GEORGE WILLIS BOTSFORD, Ph.D., In-
structor in the History of Greece and Rome
at Harvard, is a self-made man in the strictest

GEORGE W. BOTSFORD

sense of the word, having educated himself while
earning his living, ami obtaining even in that way
not more than twelve months of public school
education before entering the Latin School. One
year at the Latin School and two years at the
University of Nebraska brought him out, in 1884,
a Bachelor of Arts with first rank in his class.

368

UNIFERSrriES AND THEIR SONS

He was born in West Union, Iowa, May 9, 1S62.
The ancestors of his father, (William Hiram Bots-
ford) were among the earliest settlers in Connect-
icut. His mother (Margaret Johnson) belongeil
to a family of " Pennsylvania Dutch." (i. Willis
Botsford taught for two years in the public schools
of Nebraska and for two more years between the
date of entering the Latin .School and the date of
his graduation. After leaving the University of
Nebraska he became a graduate student in classical
philology and Sanskrit in John Hopkins University
in 1 884-1 886, and in 18S9 received the degree of
Master of Arts at the University of Nebraska for
non-resident graduate course (Greek and Sanskrit).
The year 1S90-1891, Mr. Botsford after having been
Professor of Greek in Kalamazoo College, spent as
a graduate student in classical philology and San-
skrit at Cornell, being also the Substitute Instructor
in Ancient History the same year in the same
University, and in the last mentioned year receiving
the degree of Doctor of Philosophy magna cum
latide. He was then appointed Professor of Greek
at Bethany College, West Virginia, and in 1895
came to Harvard as Instructor in the History of
Greece and Rome. His carefully prepared mono-
graph on the structural principles of the Athenian
State, published under the title of the Athenian
Constitution, has met with great praise from teachers
and from the press. Another work of which Pro-
fessor Botsford is the author, k History of Greece
for High Schools and Academies, published in 1899
by the Macniillans, has met with high praise not
only from the press but also from the teachers of
the country who are appreciating the value of the
book in assisting their work. One teacher in writ-
ing of the history declared that " to other writers
Greece had been a foreign country, but Professor
Botsford had made it his and ours." The book has
the double value of being both interesting and
accurate, while it meets a still further need in pre-
senting from the best sources a selection of facts
in such form that the student may enjoy those
sources. Professor Botsford is a member of the
American Philological Association. He marrie<l in
iSgi Lillie May Shaw, and has two children: J.
Barrett and Doris Athena Botsford.

at Harvard ini858; studied physiology abroad ; chosen
Assistant Professor of Physiology at Harvard 1871 and
full Professor 1876; Dean from 1883 to 1893.

HI:NRV PICKERING BOWDITCH, M.D.,
Professor of Physiology in the Harvard
Meilic.al School, was born in Boston, Massachusetts,
.April 4, 1840. Soon after his grailuation from
Harvard (1S61) he was commissioned Second
Lieutenant in the First Massachusetts Cavalry for
service in the Civil \\'ar, and rose to the rank of
Major of the Fifth Massachusetts Cavalry, resigning
June 3, 1865. He then decided to enter the
medical profession, and received his degree at the

BOWDITCH, Henry Pickering, 1840-

Born in Boston, Mass., 1840; graduated at Harvard,
i86i ; served as an officer in the Civil War after which
he continued his studies and took his medical degree

HENRY P. LOWDITCH

Harvard Medical School in i868. The succeeding
three years were devoted to the special study of
physiology in France and Germany, chiefly under
Professor Ludwig at Leipzig, and upon liis return in
187 1 he was appointed Assistant Professor of that
subject in the Medical School at Harvard. In
1S76 he was chosen full Professor of Physiology,
and from 1883 to 1893 was Dean of the Medical
School. Dr. Dowditch was elected to the Boston
School Board in 1876. He belongs to various
medical societies, the .•\nierican .Academy of Arts,
the National Academy of Science and is corres-
ponding member of the British Association. Many
of his articles on physiology have appeared in the
Boston Medical and Surgical Journal.

UNirERSITJES JND THEIR SONS

369

FESSENDEN, Franklin Goodridge, 1849-

Born in Fitchburg, Mass., 1849; educated in the
public schools in Paris and at the Harvard Law School,
completing his studies in 1873; Instructor in French at
the College 1872 and 1873; admitted to the Bar 1873
and to practice in the United States Courts ten years
later; located in Greenfield, Mass., about 1874; Coun-
sel for several towns ; Master in Chancery some years ;
Instructor in the Harvard Law School, 1882-83 ; District
Attorney pro tem. 1884 and again 1889; appointed
Judge of the Superior Court 1891.

FRANKLIN GOODRIDGE FESSENDEN, for-
merly Law Instructor at Harvard and now
Justice of the Superior Court of Massachusetts, was
born in Fitchburg, Massachusetts, June 20, 1849.

FR.^NKLIN G. FESSENDEN

He is a son of Charles and Martha E. (Newton)
Fessenden, a great-grandson of Natlian Fessenden,
who served under Captain Parker on Lexington
Green, April 19, 1775, and his first paternal Amer-
ican ancestor was an early settler in Cambridge,
Massachusetts. He attended the public schools of
his native town and studied in Paris. He entered
the Harvard Law School, where he took the degree
of Bachelor of Laws in 1872, and pursued a post-
graduate course there the ensuing year, at the same
time acting as Instructor of French in the College.
.\dmitted to the Bar in 1873, he began his practice
in Fitchburg, but a year later removed to Green-
field, where he rapidly advanced in his profession.

VOL. II. — 24

During the College year 18S2-1S83 lie was Instructor
of Criminal Law at Harvard. He was admitted to
practice in the Federal Com Is in 1883. He served
as District Attorney pro tem. for tiie Northwestern
District of Massachusetts in 1884 and again in 1889,
acted as Master in Chancery for a number of years,
and was appointed a Justice of the Superior Court
by Governor Russell whicii office he still holds. In
1S81 he accepted a Trusteeship of the Prospect
Hill School, Greenfield, and was chosen Clerk of
the Board, became a Trustee of the Franklin Sav-
ings Institution three years later, was cominissioned
Captain of Company L, Second Regiment Massa-
chusetts Militia, and has served as Assistant In-
spector-General with tlie rank of Colonel. Judge
Fessenden has contributed various articles to law
reviews. On October 3, 1S78 he married Mary J.,
daughter of James W. and Anne Rowley. He holds
membership in the Greenfield Club, the ITniversity
Club, Boston, and the Colonial Club of Cambridge.

HALE, George Silsbee, 1825-1897.

Born in Keene, N. H., 1825; graduated at Harvard
in 1844, studied at the Law School and admitted to the
Bar in Boston in 1850; acquired prominence in the
legal profession of Mass.; connected with various
Boston institutions and served in the city government ;
Editor of Suffolk Law Reports and the United States
Digest; member of the Massachusetts and New
Hampshire Historical and the New England Historic-
Genealogical Societies; President of the American
Unitarian Association; Lecturer at the Harvard
Divinity School 1893-94; author of works relating to
biography and history ; died at Bar Harbor, Me., 1897.

GEORC;!'] SILSBEE HALE, A.M., Lecturer
in the Harvard Divinity School, was born
in Keene, New Hampshire, September 24, 1835,
son of Salma Hale the historian. His grandfather
was David Hale, a Revolutioii;uy soldier. His early
education was obtained in the cunmion schools of
Keene, New Hampshire, and I'hillips-Exeter Acad-
emy, and he graduated from Harvard with his
Bachelor's degree in 1844. Later he was a student
at the Harvard Law School. For a year or two
afterwards he taught school and studied law in
Richmond, Virginia, where he was adniitk-d to the
Bar. On his returning to Boston in 1850 he was
admitted to the Suffolk Bar, and rapidly attained a
prominent position among the leading lawyers of
Massachusetts. Mr. Hale was long identified with
many of lioston's best- known ch;iritable and benev-
olent institutions, was at one time quite active in
local public aff;iirs, and served with ability in the

i7^

UNIFERSITIKS JND THEIR SONS

city government and in tlie Massachusetts Legisla-
ture. He occupied the Presidential Chair of the
American Unitarian Association, was a member of
the Massachusetts and the New Hampshire Histor-

GEORGE S. HALE

ical Societies and the New England Historic-Genea-
logical Society, also served as President of the
Children's Aid Society. For a number of years he
was a Trustee of Phillips- Exeter Academy, and
served as President of the Board. In 1884 he re-
ceived from Dartmouth the honorary degree of
Master of Arts. In 1893-1894 he filled a Lecture-
ship at the Harvard Divinity School. Besides be-
ing ,'\ssociate Editor of three volumes of The Law
Reporter and sole Editor of the same number of
volumes of the United States Digest, he is also
joint- Editor of another volume of the latter and rs
the author of: Memoirs of Joel Parker, once Chief-
Justice of New Hampshire ; Memoirs of Theron
Metcalf, Associate-Justice of the Massachusetts
Supreme Court and the history of Boston Charities
in the Memorial History of Boston. Mr. Hale died
at Bar Harbor, Maine, July 27, 1897.

several Pastorates during the next forty-three years ;
was Professor of Ecclesiastical History at the Harvard
Divinity School 1857-1875 and of German 1872-1881 ;
was noted as a lecturer, editor, author and translator.

Frei)i:rk' hi:nrv hedc,i:, s.t.d., ll.d..
Professor at Harvard, son of Professor Levi
Hedge, was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts,
December 12, 1S05. He entered Harvard as a
junior, after having spent five years in Germany at
the gymnasia of Ilfeld and Schulpforte, and after
taking his Bachelor's degree (1825) he studied at
the Divinity School graduating in 1828. In the
following year he was ordained to the Unitarian
ministry and during his pastoral labors which em-
braced a period of forty-three years, he occupied
pulpits in West Cambridge and Brookline, Massa-
chusetts, Bangor, Maine and Providence, Rhode
Island. From 1S57 to 1S76 he held the Chair of
licclesiastical History in the Harvard Divinity School.
He resigned his Brookline Pastorate in 1S72 and was
Professor of German at Harvard from 1872 to i88r,
when he severed his connection with that Faculty.
Dr. Hedge was a noted lecturer and editor as well
as preacher and educator, having delivered a course

FREDERIC H. HEDGE

of lectures on Medieval History before the Lowell
Institute, Boston, in 1853, and in 1858 he took the

HEDGE, Frederic Henry, 1805-1890.

Born in Cambridge, Mass., 1805; graduated from ^ ,,,,.. „ ,, . ,

Harvard, 1825 ; from the Divinity School 1828; was f^'litorslnp of the Christian Exammer. He received

ordained to the Unitarian ministry 1829; and held

his degree of Master of Arts in course, was made

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

371

a Doctor of l)i\-inity by Harvard in 1S52 and a
Doctor of Laus in iS.Sd. His di-ath occurred in
1890. For a number of years he held a fello\vshi|)
in the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and
was a member of the Massachusetts Historical
Society. He wrote several philosophical essays for
the periodical press : Prose Writers of Germany,
with extracts and biographical sketches; A Chris-
tian Liturgy for the Use of the Church ; Reason in
Religion; The Primeval World in Hebrew I'radi-
tion ; and other works. He also made some ex-
cellent translations from the German poets, and was
concerned jointly in the compilation of a hymn-
book.

Story, Parker and Parsons who had preceded liini
were entirely wrong, lie made the bold iniuivalicin
of discanling the text-books and teaching law by
cases, a method which was ridiculed by every other
Law School in the country, but he jiersisted and
won the way for his method until the case system
became known throughout the educational world as
the Harvard method and was adopted in the greater
of the American and luiglish Colleges. In 1S75 he
received the degree of Doctor of Laws from Har-
vard College. Few celebrations at Harvanl have

LANGDELL, Christopher Columbus, 1826-

Born in New Boston, N. H., 1826; graduated at
Phillips-Exeter Academy and at Harvard, 1851 ; re-
ceived degree of LL.B. at the Harvard Law School;
in 1853 practised law in New York City; Professor of
Law at Harvard since 1870, and Dean of the Law
School.

CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS LANGDELL,
LL.D., Dane Professor of Law and Dean
of the Law School at Harvard, was born in New
Boston, New Hampshire, May 22, 1826. His
father, John Langdell, was of English descent,
while his mother Lydia (ISeartl) was of Scotch-
Irish descent. Professor Langdell's paternal great-
grandfather came to this country from England,
settled first in Beverly, Massachusetts, then moved
to New Boston, of which town he was one of the
first settlers. His paternal grandmother was born
in what is now the town of Essex, M:issachusetts.
His maternal grandfather was born in Londonderry,
Ireland, and came to this country when a child with
his parents, who on arriving, settled in New Boston,
of which town they also were among the first set-
tlers. His maternal grandmother was born in Lon-
donderry, New Hampshire. The years 1845 ^'-^
1848 were spent at Phillips-F'xeter Academy. In
1853 Mr. Langdell received his degree of Master
of .\rts at Harvard College and in the same year the
degree of Bachelor of Laws at the Harvard Law
School. Following his graduation he began prac-
tice in New York City, where he continued until
1870, when he was called to his a/»iir matrr to
become Dane Professor of Law. F'rom 1870 to
1895 he served as Dean of the Harvard Law
School. \Vith the beginning ot his official services
he entirely changed the system of teaching, asserting
in the face of all precedent that the methods of

C. C. LANGDELL

had more pleasant features than the events which
accompanied the twenty-fifth anniversary of his
appointment as a Professor in the Harvard Law
School. This celebration in June 1S95, was in
reality a double event, since Professor Langdell be-
came Dane Professor in January 1870, and in the
following September was ap|iointeit the first Dean
in the Law Department of the University. There
were present at the twenty-fifth anniversary of his
services the great English law scholar. Sir Frederick
Pollock, LL.D., founder and I'lditor of the English
Law Quarterly Review, and Professor of Law at
Oxford, and other notable men. The widest notice
was taken of the exercises both, in the daily press
and in the legal journals of this country and of
Europe.

372

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

LATHROP, James Gray, 1853-

Born in Windham, Conn., 1853; educated at Pine
Grove Seminary, South Windham; engaged in busi-
ness from 1868 to 1880; Instructor in Athletics at
Harvard University, 1884- ; one of the four founders of
the Union Athletic Club, Boston, the first athletic club
in New England.

JAMES CiRAY LATHROP, Instructor in Ath-
letics at Harvard, son of DeWitt Clinton and
t^harlotte (Gray) Lathrop, was born in Windham,
Connecticut, March i, 1853. His father, a direct
descendant of Rev. John Lathrop of Cambridge,
England, was a graduate of the Yale ATedical School,

J.AS. G. LATHROP

1S46 and a Brigade Surgeon in the Ignited States
Army in the late Civil War. On his mother's side
Mr. Lathrop is descended from a Dorsetshire, Eng-
land, family of Grays, the line descending as
follows : ( I ) Samuel Gray of Dorsetshire, England ;
(2) Dr. EbenezerGray, who graduated at Harvard
in 1 7 16; (3) Samuel Gray, who graduated from
Dartmouth in 1774 first class (of four) and was ap-
pointed Commissary-General under General Jonathan
Trumbull of Connecticut during the Revolutionary
War; (4) Thomas Gray, who graduated at Yale in
1813 and was for thirteen years Clerk of the Senate
at Washington. Other members of the family were
General Jedediah Elderkin, who graduated at Yale
and was Brigadier-General in the Revolutionary
Army, and Captain Nathaniel Webb, who graduated

at Yale in 1757 and was a Captain in the Revolu-
tionary Army. After passing through the public
schools of Windham, James Gray Lathrop entered
Pine Grove Seminary at South \\'indham. In busi-
ness he passed through the various grades, beginning
as a boy in a grocery store at Hyde Park in 1868,
serving as a clerk in a wholesale news and stationery
store in Hartford, Connecticut, for two years suc-
ceeding 1870, and then as bookkeeper for eight
years with the Hartford Steam Boiler Iiisjiection and
Insurance Company and the Continental Life Insur-
ance Company. From 1884 to 1891 he was
Assistant in Physical Training at Harvard, and since
the latter date has been Instructor in Athletics there.
He founded in 1874, with three others, the Union
Athletic Club at the Young Men's Christian LTnion,
Boston, — the first athletic club in New England.
Mr. Lathrop married, December 19, 1S76, Mary
Larrabee.

MELLEN, John, 1752-1828.

Born in Sterling, Mass., 1752 ; graduated at Harvard,
1770 ; Tutor there, 1780-83 ; Pastor in Barnstable, Mass.,
some years ; died, 1828.

JOHN MELLEN, A.M., Tutor at Harvard, was
born in Sterling, Massachusetts, in 1752. His
father was a Unitarian preacher of the same name
and a graduate of Harvard, Class of 1741. The
younger John studied theology and was a Tutor at
Harvard from 17S0 to 1783. For some time he
was in charge of a church in Barnstable, Massa-
chusetts, and his last years were spent in retirement
in Cambridge. His published works comprise a
number of sermons and discourses, and two Dud-
leian Lectures. Mr. Mellen died in 1828. He was
a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and
Sciences, and a member of the Massachusetts His-
torical Society. His brother, Prentiss Mellen,
(Harvard 1784) was United States Senator from
Massachusetts, and the first Chief-Justice of the
Supreme Court of Maine. Another brother, Henry,
(Harvard 1804) practised law in Dover, New
Hampshire, and acquired some celebrity as a
poet.

LEONARD, Henry Fiske, 1858-

Born in Sturbridge, Mass , 1858: received the degree
of M.D. at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, N.
Y. in 1880. and the degree of M.D.V. at Harvard in
1891; President of the Harvard Veterinary Medical

UNIVERSITIES ANT) THEIR SONS

373

Alumni Association; member of the New York
Academy of Medicine, American Medical Association ;
Mass. Medical Association ; Clinical Lecturer and In-
structor in Anatomy ( Comparative and Veterinary ) at
Harvard.

HENRV FISKE LKON.^RO, M.D., M.D.V.,
Instructor and Lerturer in the School of
Vett-riiiary Medicine at Harvard, who was born in

MATHER, Maurice Whittemore, 1866-

Born in Hancock, N. H., 1866: graduated from
Phillips-Exeter Academy, and at Harvard, 1890;
studied classical philology at the Harvard Graduate
School and in Europe ; Professor of Latin and French
at Georgetown College, Kentucky; Instructor in Latin
at Harvard, 1895-98.

M.\URiCE wiin rivMoki-, maiiii;r,
I'h.l)., Instructor at Ilarv;ird, was born in
Hancock, New Hampshire, October 16, 1S66, his
father being Rockwood biddings iMather and his
mother Nancy Maria (Wiiittemore) Mather. He is
a descendant in the ninth generation of Rev. Ricliard
Mather, the noted theologian of Massachusetts.
Educated at the public schools in Hancock, New-
port and Milford, New Haniiishire, and fitted for
College at E.xeter, Mr. Mather entered Harvard in
1886 and there graduated in 1890. He then studied
classical philology at the Harvard draduate School,
and at the Uni\-ersity of Rerlin, visiting Italy, also, in
the spring of 1895. In 1894 he took the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy at Harvard. Mr. Mather was
Acting Professor of Latin and French at Georgetown
College, Georgetown, Kentucky, from 1891 to 1892,

HENRY F. LEONARD

Sturbridge, Massachusetts, December 18, 1858,
the son of Linus and Sarah Persis (Haridon)
Leonard. His early education was obtained from
private instructors. In 1880 he received the degree
of Doctor of Medicine at the College of Physicians
and Surgeons, (Columbia), New York, and in i8gi
the degree of Doctor of Veterinary Medicine at
Harvard. He has been engaged in general prac-
tice of human medicine since 18S1. At Har-
vard he has been associated as Clinical Lecturer
and Instructor in Anatomy and has also held office
as President of the Harvard Veterinary Medical
Alumni Association. Dr. Leonard is a member of
the New York Academy of Medicine, the American
Medical Association and the Massachusetts Medical
Association. In politics he is a Republican. He
married September 8, 1880, Katherine Helen Anmii-
down, and has one son, Edward Henry Leonard,
born May 4, 1884.

M. W. MATHER

and was Instructor in Latin at Han'ard from 1895 to
1898, and is to give a course of instruction in Latin
at the Summer School at Harvard in 1S99. .Xt

Exeter he was President of the Golden Hranch, the

374

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

oldest literary society of the school, President of
Abbot Hall and Business Manager of the Exonian,
the school paper. At Harvard he was one of the
first eight of the Phi Beta Kappa in 1890.

MORGAN, Morris Hicky, 1859-

Born in Providence, R. I., in 1859; graduated at St.
Mark's School and Harvard; Head Tutor in St.
Mark's; Tutor in Greek at Harvard; Assistant Pro-
fessor of Greek and Latin; Assistant Professor of
Latin; Professor of Classical Philology; author of
numerous educational works.

M(^RRIS HICKY MORGAN, LL.D., Pro-
fessor of Classical Philology at Harvard,
was born in Providence, Rhode Island, in 1859.

M. H. MORGAN

His father, Morris Barker Morgan, was a descendant
of David Morgan of Wales, who settled in Penn-
sylvania about 1670. His mother, Isabelle Manton,
was a descendant of Edward Manton, one of the
original settlers, with Roger Williams, of Providence.
After passing through St. Mark's School at South-
boro, Mr. Morgan entered Harvard, where he grad-
uated in 1 88 1. Six years later he received the
degrees of Master of Arts and Doctor of Philosophy
from the same University, and in 1896 was given
the degree of Doctor of Laws from Hobart College.
From 1881 to 1884 he was Tutor and then Head

Tutor at St. Mark's. The three succeeding years
were spent as a student at the Harvard Graduate
School. Immediately afterwards he received the
appointment of Instructor in Greek at Harvard.
This position he held until 1891, when he was made
Assistant Professor in Greek and Latin, in 1896 his
title was made Assistant Professor of Latin, in 1899
Professor of Classical Philology. Professor Morgan
has published a number of works, including a Dic-
tionary of the Anabasis ; The Art of Horsemanship
by Xenophon ; A Bibliography of Persius ; Eight
Orations of Lycias ; Notes on tlie Greek Poets, and
Selections from the Latin poets.

NEALE, RoUin Heber, 1808-1879.

Born in Southington, Conn., 1808; graduated at
Columbian, 1830 and Newton, Mass. Theological Sem-
inary, 1833; Pastor in Needham, Mass., three years;
of the First Baptist Church, Boston, nearly forty years ;
Overseer of Harvard, 1856-1868; died in Boston, Mass.,
1879.

OLLIN HEBER NEALE, S.T.D., Overseer
of Harvard, was born in Southington, Con-
necticut, February 23, 1808. He pursued his classi-
cal studies at the Columbian LTniversity, Washington,
District of Columbia, and his theological course at
the Seminary in Newton, Massachusetts, graduating
from the former in 1830 and from the latter three
years later. He occupied his first Pastorate, that of
a cliurch in Needham, Massachusetts, from 1834 to
1837, and in the latter year began his long and un-
usually successful pastoral labors at the First Baptist
Church, Boston, with which he was identified lor
nearly two-score years. In 1850 he received the
degree of Doctor of'Divinity from Brown, and seven
years later that ofDoctor of Divinity from Harvard,
of which he was an Overseer from 1856 to 1G68.
Dr. Neale died in Boston, Massachusetts, September
19, 1S79. He was tlie author of The Burning Bush
and also published a number of sermons and
addresses.

OSGOOD, William Fogg, 1864-

Born in Boston, Mass., 1864; educated at the Boston
Latin School, and at Harvard, 1886; studied abroad;
Instructor in Mathematics; Assistant Professor in
Mathematics: member American Mathematical So-
ciety; Editor of the Annals of Mathematics.

WILLIAM FOGG OSGOOD, Ph.D., Assistant
Professor at Harvard, is the son of William
and Mary Rogers (Gannett) Osgood and was born in

UNTJ'ERSI-TIES .IND TIll'.IR SONS

375

Boston, Massacluisetts. March lo, 1864. He :U-
tciuled tlie public schools of his native city, graduatinu
at the Latin School in 1882. Then entering Harvard
he receiveii the degree of Bachelor of Arts in iSSd,

W. F. OSGOOD

and after passing a year at the (iradiiate School of
the University received the degree of Master of Arts.
Mr. Osgood continued to study mathematics at the
Universities of Gottingen and ]'>langcn, Clermany,
receiving the degree of Doctor of Philosophy from
the latter University in 1S90 and that same year
accepting the position of Instructor in Mathematics
at Harvard. In 1893 he was made Assistant Pro-
fessor in Mathematics. He is a member of the
American Mathematical Society, and an Editor of
the Annals of Mathematics. On July 17, 1890,
Professor Osgood married Therese Ruprecht ; they
have two children : William Ruprecht and Frieda
Bertha Ruprecht Osgood.

MiJNSTERBERG, Hugo, 1863-

Born in Danzig, Germany, 1863; graduated at the
Gymnasium of Danzig in 1882; Ph.D. at Leipzig in
1885; M.D. at Heidelberg in 1887; Instructor in Phil-
osophy at Freiburg, Germany: Assistant Professor at
Freiburg; Professor of Psychology at Harvard since
1892; President of the American Psychological Asso-

ciation : author of several works in the fields of philos-
ophy and psychology.

CO MUNSTHRBKRC, Ph.D., M.D., Pro-
fessor of Psychology at Harvard, is a na-
tive uf Danzig, Germany, where he was born June
I, 1863. His ancestors all lived in I'',astern Ger-
many. He entered the Danzig Gymnasium, where
he graduated in 1882 and then studied jihilosojihy
and natural sciences in Geneva, Leipzig and Heidel-
berg, receiving the degree of Doctor of Philosophy
at Leipzig in 18S5 and the degree of Doctor of
Medicine at Heidelberg in 1887. In 1888 he was
made Instructor in Philosojjhy at Freiburg, Germany,
and in 1891 was promoted to Assistant Professor.
The next year he received the appointment of Pro-
fessor of Ivxperimental Psychology at Harvard and
that position he has held ever since. Professor
Miinsterberg was President of the .American Psy-
chological Association in 189S, and is well known in

HUGO MCNSTKRHERO

the literary world from his publications on philos-
sophy, psychology and education. He married
Selma Oppler, and has two children : Grete and
Ella Miinsterberg.

OLIVER, James Edward, 1829-1895.

Born in Portland, Me., 1829: graduated at Harvard,
1849; University Lecturer, 1863-64, 1866-68: Professor

376

UNirERSITIES JND THEIR SONS

of Mathematics at Cornell; member of various scien-
tific bodies, and author of a treatise on trigonometry ;
died, 1895.

JAMES EDWARD OLIVER, A.M., University
Lecturer at Harvard, was born in Portland,
INLiine, Jnly 27, 1S29. He took his 15achelor's
degree at Harvard in 1S49, and that of ALister of
Arts in 1S54, and entered the ofifice of the American
Nautical .Mmanac as an assistant inimei-liately after
graduation. A\'ith the exception of one year he
lectured in the LTniversity course from 1863 to
1868. He was called to Cornell as .\djunct Pro-
fessor of ^L^thenlatics in 1871, and chosen Professor
of that study in 1S73. Professor Oliver died in
1S95. He was a mathematician of acknowledged
superiority and wide repute ; a fellow of the Ameri-
can Academy of Arts and Sciences, member of the
National Academy of Sciences, antl the American
Philosophical Society; and the author of A Treatise
on Trigonometry, a work of recognized value.

PHILLIPS, John, 1770-1823.

Born in Boston, Mass., 1770; graduated at Harvard,
1788; studied law; Public Prosecutor, 1800; member of
the Massachusetts House of Representatives 1803, of
the Senate 1804-23; first Mayor of Boston, 1822; Over-
seer of Harvard and member of the Corporation ; died,
1823.

JOHN PHH.LIPS, A.M., Overseer and Pillow
of Harvard, was born in Boston, ^Lissachu-
setts, November 26, 1770. Graduating at Har-
vard at tl;e age of eighteen, he studied law, and the
rest of his life was devoted to the practice of his
profession and to public business with which he
became prominently identified. As Public Prose-
cutor, member of the lower branch of the Legisla-
ture, and of the Senate, he ably discharged his
duties, serving in the last-named body from 1804
until the year of his death, and was its President for
ten years. He was one of the leading members of
the State Constitutional Convention of 1820, was
Chairman of the Committee of Twelve selected to
draft a city charter for Boston, and as it became
apparent to the supporters of Josiah Quincv and
Harrison Gray Otis that neither could be elected to
the ALayoralty, so equally were the fiictions divided,
many of them transferred their votes to Mr. Phillips,
which resulted in his election as the first Mayor of
Boston, .April 16, 1822. He was prevented by ill
health from accepting a second nomination, and his
death, which occurred May 23, 1S23, closely fol-

lowed the completion of his term. He was an
Overseer of Harvard from 1810, and a member of
the Corporation from 181 2 for the rest of his life,
and a fellow of the American .Academy of Arts and
Sciences. His son ^^■endell Phillips the famous
abolitionist, orator and popular lecturer, was grad-
uated at Harvard in 1831.

PALACHE, Charles, 1869-

Born in San Francisco, Cal., i86g; graduated at the
University of California: studied at Universities of
Leipzig, Munich and Heidelberg; Instructor in Miner-
alogy at Harvard; member of the Geological Society
of America; fellow of the American Association for
the Advancement of Science.

CPLVRLES PALACHE, Ph.D., Instructor in
Mineralogy at Harvard, son of James and
Marion (Whitney) Palache, was born in San Fran-

CH.ARLES PALACHE

cisco, Tuly 18, 1S69. He passed through the public
schools of his native place and then entered the L'ni-
versity of California where he received the degree of
Bachelor of Science in 1S91. Three years of gradu-
ate work brought to him the degree of Doctor of
Philosophy. He then travelled and studied in
Germany for fifteen months, working at the L?ni-
versities of Leipzig, Munich and Heidelberg. In

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

377

1896 lie was made Instructor in Mineralogy at Har-
vard. Mr. I'alaehe is a member of the Geological
Society of America and a fellow of the American
Association for tiie Advancement of Science.

PALMER, George Herbert, 1842-

Born in Boston, Mass., 1842: graduated at Phillips
Academy, Andover, at Harvard 1864, Andover Theo-
logical Seminary and University of Tiibingen, Ger-
many: was Sub-Master of the Salem High School;
Instructor in Greek at Harvard : Instructor in Philos-
ophy; Alford Professor of Natural Religion, Moral
Philosophy and Civil Polity; received the honorary
degree of LL.D., from University of Michigan and
Union College, and the degree of Litt.D. from West-
ern Reserve University; has published a version of
Homer's Odyssey, and of Sophocles' Antigone ; The
New Education; Self Cultivation in English and nu-
merous articles.

GKORGE HERBp:Rr PAI.MKR, Litt.D., LL.
D., Professor at Harvard, was born in Bos-
ton, Massachusetts, March 19, 1842, son of Julius Au-

studied in the Uni\ersity of Tiibingen, C.ermany.
Before entering .\ndover he had acted as Sub-Mas-
ter of the Salem High School. After finishing at
the Theological Seminary in 1870, he was appointed
Instructor in Greek at Harvard and two years kiter
was made Instructor in Philosophy. With his later
appointment came also the appointment (which he
held for four years) of Curator of the Gray engrav-
ings. In 1873 he was made Assistant Professor of
Philosophy, in 1883 Professor of Philosophy and in
1889 Alford Professor of Natural Religion, Moral
Philosophy anil Civil Polity. He has edited an
English version to the te.xt of Homer's Odyssey,
books one to twelve, has published a translation of
the Odyssey, books one to twenty-four and also a
translation of Sophocles' .Antigone. He is the
author of The New Education ; The (;iory of the
Imperfect ; Self Cultivation in English ; besides num-
erous magazine articles. In 187 1 Professor Palmer
married Ellen Margaret Wellman, who died in 1879.
In 18S7 he married .Alice Elvira Freeman, previ-
ously President of W'ellesley College.

G. H. PALMER

boyneauand Lucy Manning (Peabody) Palmer. He
passed through the Boston Public Schools and Phil-
lips-Andover Academy and then entered Harvard,
wliere he graduated in 1864. The next three years
were spent at the Andover Theological Seminary,
with the exception of 1S67 to 1869 when Mr. Palmer

PUTNAM, Frederic Ward, 1839-

Born in Salem, Mass., 1839; studied at the Lawrence
Scientific School; received S.B. degree from Harvard
1862, A.M. (hon.) Williams 1868, S.D. (hon.) Univ.
of Penn. 1894; was Curator of Ornithology at the
Essex Institute : Assistant to Louis Agassiz ; Curator
of Ichthyology, Vice-President and President of the
Boston Society of Natural History ; Director of the
Museum of the Essex Institute, Salem ; Superintend-
ent of the East Indian Marine Society's Museum ;
Director of the Peabody Academy of Science ; member
of the Kentucky Geological Survey; Curator of the
Peabody Museum at Harvard ; in charge of the De-
partment of Fishes in the Museum of Comparative
Zoology; State Commissioner on Inland Fisheries;
Professor of Archaeology and Ethnology at Harvard;
Curator of the Department of Anthropology at the
American Museum of Natural History in New York ;
Vice-President of the Essex Institute ; member of the
School Committee of Salem ; Permanent Secretary
and President of the American Association for the
Advancement of Science ; President of the Boston
Branch of the American Folk Lore Society; President
of the American Folk Lore Society, Chief of the De-
partment of Ethnology in the World's Columbian
Exposition ; member of forty learned societies in
America and eleven in foreign countries.

FREDERIC WARD PUTNA.M, S.D., Professor
of .Archaeology and Ethnology and Curator
of the Peabody Museum at Har\'ard, is descended
from English ancestors who settled in Massachusetts
in the first half of the seventeenth century. He

37^

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

was the son of Eben ami l^lizabcth (Appk-ton)
Putnam, and was born in Salem, Massachusetts,
April i6, 1839. He received private instruction
until 1S56 ami by his unusual aptness in the study
of natural history attracted the attention of l.uuis
Agassiz. 'I'hus, he was drawn to Cambridge where
he entereil the Lawrence Scientific School in 1S56
receiving the degree of Bachelor ot Science
in 1862. He had intended to study for the Medi-
cal School, but being soon made an Assistant in the
Zoological Museum he ch;uiged his course of occupa-
tion completely. Until 1876 he continued his re-

F. W. PUTNAM

searches in Zoology, but after that time made
anthropology his life-work. In 1856, at the age of
sixteen, he was made Curator of Ornithology at Essex
Institute. In 1857 he became Assistant to Louis
Agassiz. In 1859 he was elected Curator of Ichthy-
ology in the Museum of the Boston Society of
Natural History. Five years later he married and
moved to Salem where he accepted the office of
Director of the Essex Institute. In 1867 he was
made Superintendent of the East Imlian Marine
Society's Museum and when the Peabody Academy
of Science was established he was made Director of
the Academy. From 1S71 to 1S94 he held the
office of Vice-President of the Essex Institute and
for two years succeeding 1872 was a member of the

Salem School Committee. In 1S73 he was elected
Permanent Secretary of the American Association
for the Advancement of Science, and he held this
office for twenty-five years, when, in 1898, he was
made President of the Association. As a member
of the Kentucky Geological Survey he assisted in
1874 in a sjjccial investigation of the caves of tliat
state and in the summer of that year was for a time
Instructor in the Penikese School of Natural His-
tory. In the autumn he was called to take charge
of the Peabody Museum at Har\ard and in lanuary
1875, was appointed Curator in the Museum, which
position he has since held. In 1876 he was again
ajipointed to take charge of the Department of
Fishes in the Museum of Comparative Zoology and
in the same year was appointed by the United
States Engineer Department to take charge of and
report upon the collection made by the surveys
west of the one hundredth meridian under Lieute-
nant Wheeler. From 1880 to 1887 Professor Put-
nam was Vice-President of the Boston Society of
Natural History, and for the next three years was
President. For the seven years preceding 1889 he
was State Commissioner on Inland Fisheries. In
1S86 he was appointed to his present position in
the new Professorship of .American Archaeology and
Ethnology at Harvard. Professor Putnam has been
President of the Boston Branch of the .American
Folk Lore Society since 1890 and he was President
of the parent organization of the same Society for
the year 1891. In the last mentioned year he was
appointed Chief of the Department of Ethnology
in the World's Columbian Exposition, and was the
first to suggest the establishment in Chicago of
a Scientific Museum as a result of the exposition.
Since 1894 he has been Curator of the Department
of Anthropology at the American Museum of Natural
History in New York City, filling this position by
spending a portion of his time in New York. Professor
Putnam holds membership in forty learned societies
in .America and eleven in foreign countries, including
the American Philosophical Society of Piiiladelphia,
the Massachusetts Historical Society, the American
Academy of Arts and Sciences, the National Acad-
emy of Science, the American Antiquarian Society,
the .American Association for the Advancement of
Science and the .Anthropological Societies of Wash-
ington, Paris, London and Brussels. The French
Government has bestowed upon him the Cross of
the Legion of Honor. He received the honorary
degree of Master of Arts from Williams in 186S and
Doctor of .Science from the University of Pennsylvania

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

379

iu 1894. He lias been twice married, in 1864 to
Adelaide Martha Edmands of Cambridge, who died
in 1879, leaving three children: Alice iMlmanils,
Eben and Ethel Appleton Fiske I'ulnam, and in
18S2 to Esther Onie Clarke of Chicago. Pro-
fessor Putnam was one of the first in America to
attribute to an ient man the shell heaps which were
discovered on this continent. Since that time he
has personally explored shell heaps, burial mounds
and caves in various parts of North America and
has directed extensive explorations in Mexico,
Central and South America. As Curator of An-
thropology in the American Museum of Natural
History in New York he has directed expeditions in
many parts of the world. One of the latest of
these investigations is a six years' research along
the Pacific coast of Asia and America with the
hope of learning something in relation to early
migrations between the two continents which may
throw light on the unsolved question of the origin
of man in America. In connection with his zoolog-
ical and anthropological work he has published
three hundred papers. He was one of the founders
of the American Naturalist in 1867 and an editor
until 1874. It will thus be seen that Professor
Putnam has manifested in his career a marked ex-
ecutive ability, as well as a broad knowledge in
many branches of work. In his scientific work it
has always been his principle to collect material
and make researches purely for the benefit of
science. He has always given out freely whatever
facts he has learned and has never seemeil to care
for any personal glory in connection with these
matters. Moreover, those associated with him in
his life-work invariably testify to his kindness of
heart, his inexhaustible patience and never-failing
tact united with an unyielding firmness in what he
believes to be right.

PUTNAM, James Jackson, 1846-

Born in Boston, Mass., 1846: educated at the Public
Latin School and Harvard, i865. Harvard Medical
School and abroad ; began practice as a physician in
Boston in 1872; is physician to Out-Patients at the
Massachusetts General Hospital: has been Instructor
in the Harvard Medical School; is now Professor at
the Harvard Medical School.

JAMES J.\CKSON PUTNAM. M.I)., Professor
at Harvard, was born in Boston, Massachu-
setts, October 3, 1846. He is a son of Charles
Gideon Putnam and a grandson of Samuel Putnam,

Judge of tlie Su]5erior Court of Salem. His mother
was Elizabeth Cabot Jackson, the daughter of Dr.
James Jackson of Poston. .After being educated at
the Pulilic l.alin S( hool :ind I Iarv:inl College where he
was graduated in 1S66, he passed through the Har-
vard Medical School and then studied abrixid. He
began practice as :i physician in lioston in 1872.
For many years he has served as Physician to Out-
Patients at the Massachusetts Ceneral Hospital. In
1872 he became connected with the Medical School
of Harvard as Lecturer, and there continued in
various positions until his present appointment, in

J. J. PUTNAM

1S95, of Professor in the Department for Diseases
of the Nervous System. Dr. Putnam is a fellow of
the American Academy of .Arts and Sciences. He
married, February 15, 1886, Marian Cabot of
Brookline, and has five children : Elizabeth Cabot,
James Jackson, Marian Cabot, Louisa Higginson
and Frances Cabot Putnam.

ROTCH, Abbott Lawrence, 1861-

Born in Boston, Mass., 1861 : educated at Chauncey
Hall School and Massachusetts Institute of Tech-
nology, graduating from the latter 1884; turned his
attention to practical meteorology, erecting the Rotch
Observatory in Milton, Mass., opened 1885; travelled
extensively in the interest of science ; spends annually

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

a liberal share of his income in scientific research:
Assistant in Meteorology at Harvard; member of
American and foreign scientific societies.

ABBOTT LAWRENCE ROTCH, A.M., S.l!.,
formerly Assistant in Meteorology at Har-
vard, and now Director of the Blue Hill Meteorolog-
ical Observatory, was born in Boston, Massachusetts,
January 6, 1861. His parents were Benjamin
Smith and Annie Bigelow (Lawrence) Rotch, and
he was named for his maternal grandfather Abbott
Lawrence, a leading Boston merchant in his day
and sometime United States' Minister to Cireat

A. LAWRENCE ROTCH

Britain. His paternal ancestors, who came origin-
ally from England, were members of the Friends'
Society and identified with the settlement of New
Bedford, Massachusetts. Having spent several
years of his boyhood on the other side of the .•\tlan-
tic, Abbott Lawrence Rotch attended the Chauncey
Hall School, Boston, from which he entered the
Massachusetts Listitute of Technology, where he
pursued the regular course in mechanical engineer-
ing, and was graduated a Bachelor of Science in
1884. Enabled by an ample fortune inherited
from his father to choose his course in life, he
selected the science of meteorology for a profession,
and erecting a private observatory on Great Blue
Hill, Milton, Massachusetts, which was ready for

ociupancy in February 1S85, he provided it with the
most improved instruments and began the work of
meteorological investigation, the beneficial results
of which have been gratuitously bestowed upon the
public. In many respects the Rotch Observatory
is superior to any other institution of the kind in
America, some of its automatic recording instru-
ments having beenadopted since by the LTnited State s
\\'eather Bureau. The daily and hourly records of
atmospheric phenomena, and the investigations of
Mr. Rotch and his three assistants are published
annually in the Annals of the Harvard College Ob-
servatory with which the Blue Hill Observatory
co-operates. The most important researches have
been the measurement of clouds ami the exploration
of the air with kites. The superior accuracy of the
Blue Hill forecasts over the general ones caused the
adoption of local forecasts by the Government,
which also finally accepted the international form of
publication introduced at Blue Hill some years pre-
vious. The founder of the Rotch Observatory has
inspected most of the mountain meteorological
stations and weather services of the world, describ-
ing them in the American Meteorological Journal,
of which he was Associate Editor for ten years and
until it was discontinued in 1896. In addition to
his researches at home he has visited difierent parts
of the globe in the interest of science ; has witnessed
a number of total solar eclipses ; served upon the
International Jury of Awards for Instruments of
Precision at the Paris Exposition of i8Sg, and was
made a Chevalier of the Legion of Honor by the
French Government ; has represented the L'nited
States on two committees a])pointed by the Inter-
national Meteorological Conferences of 1891 and
1896. Joining Harvard L^niversity as an Observa-
tory Assistant without jiay in 1SS8, he received in
1 89 1 an honorary degree from the College, that of
Master of Arts. In 1891 and 1S98 he delivered
courses of lectures before the Lowell Institute of
Boston on the study of the upper air. Mr. Rotch
is a member of the Corporation of the Massachu-
setts Institute of Technology which he represents on
the Board of Trustees, of the Museum of Fine .Ait.,
and is also a Trustee of the Boston Society of Natural
History ; is a member of the I'niversity Club of
New York, the Cosmos Club of Washington, District
of Columbia and the Somerset and St. Botolph Clubs
of Boston. His scientific affiliations are numerous
and include fellowship in the .American .Academy of
-Arts and Sciences (of which he is librarian) and in
the .American .Association for the .Ad\'ancement of

UNIFERSiriES AND THEIR SONS

Science. Abroad he belongs to the ICnglish and idcnt of the Salem Common Council in 1852.
French Meteorological Societies, is a corresponding From 1857 to 1864 he served with marked ability
member of the British Association for the Advance- as City Solicitor, was nominated fur Congress in
ment of Science and of the (ierman Meteorological 1S70, and for Attorney-General, and in 1873 was
Society, is an honorary member of the l''rench Alpine selected by Governor Washburn to succeed Judge
Club anil a foreign rorresponiling member of the Horace (iray as Associate Justice of the Massachu-
Belgian Society of Public Medicine. He was mar- setts Supreme Court, when the latter Jurist was ad-
ried at .Savannah, Georgia, in 1893, to Margaret vanced to the Chief-Justiceship. His services upon
Randoliili Anderson, a direct descendant of 'I'iiomas the Supreme Bench were of such a distinguished
Jefferson, third President of the United States; tliey character as to enable him to remain in office in-
liave a daughter and a son. definitely l)\it he resigned in 1882 in order to
resume his practice. Although defeated as the

ENDICOTT, William Crowninshield, 1826-

Born in Salem, Mass., 1826; graduated from Har-
vard 1847 and from the Law School 1850; engaged
in practice in his native city; President of the Salem
Common Council, 1852; City Solicitor, 1857-64; Asso-
ciate Justice of the Mass. Supreme Court, 1873-82 ;
Secretary of War, 1885-89; President of the Salem
Bank, 1857-73; of the Essex Bar Association 1869-73;
and of the Peabody Academy of Science since 1876;
Overseer of Harvard 1875-82; member of the Corpor-
ation of Harvard College 1884-94.

WILLIAM CROWNINSHIELD ENDI-
COTT, LL.D., Overseer and Fellow of
H;uv:ud, is a lineal descendant of the sturdy Puri-
tan, Governor John Endicott, and was born in
Salem, Massachusetts, November 26, 1826. His
parents were William Putnam and Mary (Crownin-
shield) Endicott, the latter a daughter of Jacob
Crowninshield, a prominent merchant of Salem in
his day, wlio served as a member of the National
House of Representatives from 1802 to 1808, the
year of his death, and declined the Secretaryship of
the Navy in March 1S05 tendered him by President
Jefferson. From tlie Salem Latin School, William
C. Endicott entered Harvard, graduating in 1847,
studied law with Nathaniel J. Lord and at the
Harvard Law School, and was admittetl to the
Bar in 1850. Inaugurating his professional career
at Salem in 1851, in the ensuing year he became a
member of tlie firm of Perry & Endicott, who con-
tinued in partnership for twenty-one years, during
which time Mr. Endicott attained high rank among
I he leading lawyers of the Essex Comity Bar.
Unlike the majority of his Whig colleagues he
became a Democrat after the dissolution of the
former party, and his superabundant qualifications
made him esjiecially eligible to the public service,
but the Republican strength of former years retarded
his ascendency for a time. His interest in political
affairs began witii his law practice and he was Pres-

WILI.MM C. ENDICOTT

Democratic nominee for Governor in 1884 he
jiroved a worthy opponent of the Republican can-
didate, and when the long series of Re])ubliean
national victories was at length broken by the
election of Grover Cleveland, he was smnmoned
to the latter's cabinet as Secretary of War, holding
office until March 4, 1S89. Judge Endicott has
frci|\iently been selected as orator for important
occasions, his addresses always denoting a perfect
understanding of the object for which the assem-
blage had been gathered, and his oration at the
celebration commemorative of the two hundred and
fiftieth anniversary of the landing of his ilhjstrious
ancestor, John Endicott, held in 1S78, is worthy of
the highest commendation. His earnest desire to

382

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

promote the welfare of the local institutions of his
native city has called him into official connection
with most of them, and he was President of the
Salem Bank fn)m 1857 to 1873, and presided over
the I'eabiidy Academy of Science 1867-1895.
From 1875 '"i''l 1882 he was an Overseer of Har-
vard, in which latter year he received from the
College the degree of Doctor of Laws, and he was
chosen a Fellow in 1S84. On December 13, 1859
he married Ellen Peabody, daughter of George
Peabody of Salem. His children are : William C.
Jr., and Mary C, wife of the Right Honorable
Joseph Chamberlain, Secretary of State for the
Colonies in the present British cabinet.

HORSFORD, Eben Norton, 1818-1893.

Born in Moscow, N. Y., 1818; educated in public
schools and the Rensselaer Institute, studied chemistry
in Germany under Liebig; Professor of Mathematics
and Natural Sciences at the Albany Female Academy;
Lecturer on Chemistry at Newark College, Del. ; Rum-
ford Professor at Harvard, 1847-63; Benefactor and
President of Visiting Board of Wellesley College ; in-
ventor of several chemical compounds ; made a careful
study of American cartography and the early discov-
eries by the Norsemen.

EPd:N NORTON HORSFORD, A.M., M.D.,
Rnmford Professor at Harvard and Dean of
the Lawrence Scientific School, was born in Moscow,
Livingston County, New York, July 27, iSiS, son of
Jerediah and Charity Maria (Norton) Horsfonl.
His paternal ancestry was English, and his father,
who went to New York State from Charlotte, Chit-
tenden county, Vermont, was a missionary among
the Seneca Inrlians, and a soldier in the War of
1 81 2. His mother, who was a native of Goshen,
Litchfield county, Connecticut, was a descendant of
Thomas Norton, a Colonist of 1639; ^"d on the
maternal side of M.ajor John Mason, who served in
the Pequot War. Reared by cultured anil refined
parents in a home amply provided with good books
Eben N. Horsford received the advantages of a
vigorous mental training. Having pursued his rudi-
mentary studies in the common schools he entered
the Livingston County High School at thirteen, and
while yet a boy was employed as an assistant on
some early railroad surveys in Western New York.
A course of study at the Rensselaer Institute served
to greatly extend his knowledge of the natural
sciences and civil engineering, and after graduating
(1837) he assisted in geological and other survevs.
For four years he was Professor of Mathematics and

the Natural Sciences at the Albany Female Academy,
and he also held a Chemical Lectureship at Newark
College, Delaware. A two years chemical course in
Germany under Baron von Liebig concluded his
scientific studies and in 1847 he joined the Faculty
at Harvard, taking the Rumford Professorship, con-
sisting of the .Application of Science to the Usefid
Arts, which he retained for the succeeding sixteen
years, and was 1 )ean of the Lawrence Scientific
School in 1861-1862. After his retirement from
educational work in 1863 he continued to reside in
Cambridge, and devoted the rest of his life to

EBEN N. HORSFORD

scholarly pursuits, including chemical investigations
for commercial purposes, the result of which was
the discovery of several not:ible compounds for
medicinal and domestic use. His self-r;iising Bread
Preparation and his liquid .Acid Phosphate are per-
haps the most useful and widely known of tlie thirty
chemical patents taken out by him, and these com-
modities have for years been the chief products of
the Rumford Chemical Works, Providence, Rhode
Island. Professor Horsford's life was an eminently
useful one and mainly devoted to educational and
scientific progress. A ripe scholar, a famous chem-
ist, and an able business man and public-spirited
citizen, he dedicated all of tliese accomplishments
to the benefit of mankind, and the results of his life-

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

383

work .ue both luiiinToiis nn-I iKlplul. He was a
liberal benefactor of Wellesley College, and from
the time of its establisiiment until the year of his
death he served as President of its Hoard of Visitors.
In all matters relative to the public welfare he took
a lively interest, and during the Civil War he assisted
in planning fortifications for Boston I Iarl)or, and also
prepared an army ration upon health lines which
was approved by General Grant and extensively
used by the government. His interest in American
cartography led him during his latter years into a
minute investigation of the Norsemen's visits to
the Western Continent prior to the first voyage of
Columbus, and careful researches along the banks
of the Charles River a short distance from its en-
trance into Boston Harbor convinced him that he
had discovered the Vineland visited by the ancient
navigator, Leif Erikson, in the year 1000. In 18S9
he erected a stone tower at the mouth of Stony
Brook on the banks of the Charles to commemorate
the site of the ancient settlement of Norumbega.
Professor Horsford's death occurred at Cambridge
in 1893. The degree of Master of Arts (honorary)
was conferred upon him by Harvard in 1847, and
that of Doctor of Medicine by the Castleton (Ver-
mont) Medical College the same year. He was a
member of the .American Academy of Arts and
Sciences, the American Philosophical Society, and
was made a Knight of the Order of Danneborg by
the King of Denmark. He was married in 1847 to
Mary L'Hommedieu, daughter of Hon. Samuel
Smith Gardiner, of Shelter Island,_ New York, and
she died in 1855. Two years later he married
Phoebe Dayton Gardiner, a sister of his first wife.
The former left four children, and of his second
union there is one daughter.

LINCOLN, Solomon, 1838-

Born in Hingham, Mass., 1838; graduated at Har-
vard, 1857; Tutor there, 1858-63; graduated from the
Harvard Law School, 1864: practised in Salem and
Boston, formerly with associates and later alone ; Over-
seer of Harvard, 1882-89 ; again joined the Board, i8go ;
and now its President.

SOLOMON LINCOLN, A.M., LL.r,., President
of the Harvard Board of Overseers, was born
in Hingham, Massachusetts, August 14, 183S, son
of Solomon and Mehitable (Lincoln) Lincoln. He
received excellent preliminary and preparatory train-
ing at the Derby Academy in his native town, sub-
sequently under E. W. (auney, afterward called to

a Professorship at 1 larv.ard, anil entered that Col-
lege from tlie Park Latin School, Boston, graduating
with the Class of 1S57. He was a Tutor at Harvard
from 1S58 to 18C3, took the regular course at the
College Law School, and received the degrees of
Master of Arts and Bachelor of Laws, the latter in
1S64. He practised his profession both in Salem
and Boston until 1882, since which time he has
conducted business in the latter city alone. Mr.
Lincoln was an Overseer of Harvard from 1882 to
1899, was again sunmioned to the Board in 1890
and is now its President. He is a member of sev-

SOLOMON LINCOLN

eral well-known organizations, including the Ameri-
can Antiquarian and the Massachusetts Historical
Societies. He was married February 15, 1865, to
Ellen B., daughter of Joel Hayden, of Williamsburg,
I\Lassachusetts, ex-l.ieutenant-Governor. He has
one daughter, Bessie Lincoln. Mrs. Lincoln died
in 1 89 7.

BILLINGS, John Shaw, 1838-

Born in Indiana, 1838: educated at the Miami Uni-
versity and the Ohio Medical College ; served through
the Civil War as Assistant-Surgeon of Volunteers, and
commissioned Surgeon in the regular army with the
rank of Major, 1876; Medical Adviser of the Johns
Hopkins Hospital, and Lectureron Municipal Hygiene
at the Johns Hopkins University ; Lecturer at Harvard,

384

UNIFERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

1887-88; Lecturer at Columbia, 1884-93 : compiler of the
Index Catalogue of the Library of the Surgeon-Gen-
eral's Office, Washington; Professor of Hygiene in the
University of Pennsylvania, 1894-96; Director of the
New York Public Library, (Aster, Lenox and Tilden
foundations), 1897-

Jt)HX SHAW HILLINGS, M.D., LL.D.,
D.C.I... Lecturer at Harvard and Columbia,
was born in Switzerland comity, Indiana, April 12,
1838. He was educated at the Miami University,
graduating in 1857, took his medical degree at the
Ohio Medical College in i860, and located for
practice in Cincinnati. Entering the army as act-
ing Assistant-Surgeon in November 1S61, he was
made Assistant-Surgeon in March 1863 ; had charge
of hospitals in Washington, District of Columbia,
and West Philadelphia from which he was trans-
ferred to the Fifth Army Corps and was present at
the batdes of Chancellorsville and Gettysburg. In
October 1863 he was ordered to the hospitals on
David's and Bedloe's Islands, New York Harbor,
at the same time becoming a member of the Board
of Enrolment, and joining the Army of the Potomac
as Medical Inspector, served as such from February
to December 1864, when he became connected
with the Surgeon-General's office in Washington.
He was appointed Surgeon in the regular army
with the rank of Major in December 1876. Dr.
Billings was subsequently appointed Medical Ad-
viser to the Johns Hopkins Hospital, also Lecturer
on Municipal Hygiene at the Johns Hopkins Uni-
versity. During the years 1887-18S8 was a
member of the Corps of Lecturers at Columbia.
Was retired from the Army at his own request
in 1S96, Professor of Hygiene in the Univer-
sity of Pennsylvania 1895— 1896. Director of
the New York Public Library 1897 — He belongs
to a number of scientific bodies, including the
American Medical Association and the National
Academy of Sciences, and is an honorary member
of the Statistical Society of London. For the years
1 8 79-1 880 he was Vice-President of the National
Board of Health, and at a meeting of the
British Medical Association held in August 1886,
he delivered an interesting address on " Medicine
in the United States." The honorary degree of
Doctor of Laws was conferred on him by the Uni-
versity of Edinburgh in 1884 and by Harvard in
1 886, and the degree of Doctor of Civil Law was
conferred on him by Oxford in 1889. His writings
consist mainly of medical papers, reports on military
hospitals, the Mortality and Vital Statistics of the
L'nited States (Census reports 1880 and 1890),

A Treatise on Heating and Ventilation and The
Hygiene of tlie United States Army. His most
important work, however, is the Index Catalogue
(if the Library of the Surgeon-General's Office,
\\';ishine;ton.

PORTER, Charles Burnham, 1840-

Born in Rutland, Vt., 1840 ; educated under private
tutors and at Harvard, Class of 1862; medical student
under Professor Jeffreys Wyman and at Harvard,
graduating, 1865 ; House Surgeon at the Mass. General
Hospital ; Surgeon at the Armory-Square Hospital,
Washington, D. C. ; began practice in Boston 1866,
also resuming hospital work ; studied in Europe, 1869;
made Assistant Demonstrator of Anatomy at Harvard,
1867 ; Demonstrator, 1868 ; Assistant Professor of Sur-
gery, 1882 ; and Professor, 1887-

GHARLES BURNHAM PORTER, M.D., Pro-
fessor of Clinical Surgery at Harvard, was
born in Rutland, \'ermont, January 19, 1840, son of

C. B. PORTER

Dr. James B. and Harriet (Griggs) Porter. His
father was born in Rudand, and his mother was a
daughter of Joseph Griggs, a native of Brookline,
Massachusetts, and a merchant. Dr. Porter is the
fourth of his family in a direct line to practise med-
icine, his father having been a prominent physician
of Rutland, as was also his grandfather. Dr. James
Porter, who was a native of Montreal, Canada, and

UNIJT.RSITIES JND THEIR SONS

3^S

his great-grandfather of the same name served as a
Surgeon in the British Army (hiring the American
Revolution under Lord Howe and Sir Henry Clin-
ton. Charles li. Porter was fitted for College at
Rutland Academy and under private tutorage, and
took his Bachelor's degree at Harvard in 1S62.
His professional studies, begun under the guidance
of Professor Jeffreys Wyman, were continued at the
Harvard Medical School, from which he graduated in
1865. Previous to graduation he served as House
Surgeon at the Massachusetts General Hospital.
Near the close of the Civil War he was appointed
Assistant Surgeon at the Armory-Square Hospital,
Washington, District of Columbia, and two weeks
after his arrival there was given charge of the
Armory Ward especially designed for the treatment
of wounded officers. In 1866 he joined the medi-
cal profession of Boston, where in connection with
his private practice he took the post of Surgeon
to the Out- Patient Department of the Massachusetts
General Hospital, and also that of District Physician
to the Boston Dispensary, serving in the former
capacity until 1S75. The year 1867 was one of
professional advancement, as he was promoted to
the post of Dispensary Surgeon and also began his
connection with the force of Instructors at Harvard.
A year's study and observation in London, Paris,
Vienna and Berlin served to still further equip him
for educational and practical work, his professional
progress from that time forward being necessarily
more rapid and effectual ; and, changing his duties
at the General Hospital in 1875 from the Out-
Patieut Department to those of a Visiting Surgeon,
he has ever since given his principal attention to his
private practice and his College duties. Entering
the Medical Department of Harvard as Assistant
Demonstrator of Anatomy in 1867, he was ad-
vanced to the post of Demonstrator in the following
year, became .\ssistant Professor of Surgery there, in
1882 and in 1887 was appointed Professor of Clini-
cal Surgery, which position he still holds. He is now
Senior Surgeon at the Massachusetts General Hospital
and Chairman of the Medical Board of that institu-
tion. Dr. Porter is a member of the Boston Societies
for Medical Observation and Medical Improvement,
the Massachusetts Medical Society and the Ameri-
can Surgical Association of which he has been Vice-
President. He is also a member of the Somerset^
University, .Athletic and St. Botolph Clubs, Boston.
He was married June 15, 1865, to Harriet A.,
daughter of Samuel P. .\llen of Cambridge, Massa-
chusetts.

VOL. II. — 25

ARNOLD, John Himes.

Born in Portsmouth, R. I.; educated at the Rhode
Island State Normal School ; teacher in the public
schools, Rhode Island, and in Cambridge, Mass. ; Li-
brarian of the Law School of Harvard.

JOHN HIMES ARNOLD, Librarian of the
Harvard Law School, the son of Edmund and
Sally Jenks (Greene) .Arnold, was born in Ports-
mouth, Rhode Island. He received his education

JOHN H. ARNOLD

at the common schools of his native town, at the
University Grammar School in Providence, and at
the Rhode Island State Normal School. He then
devoted fifteen years of his life to teaching, before
accepting, in September 1872, the appointment of
Librarian of the Law School of Harvard, a position
which he still holds. For the eight years preceding
1865, he taught in the public schools of Rhode
Island, and for the next seven years in a private
school in Cambridge, Massachusetts. In politics an
Independent, he has never sought for public office,
but he has been a member of the Massachusetts
Reform Club for many years and is also a member
of the New England Free Trade League. On
October 30, i860, he married Lois Anthony. They
have had four children : Anne H., Alfred C, Alice
G., and Edmund K. .Arnold.

386 UNIFERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

ADAMS, Warren Austin, 1861-

Born in Skaneateles, N. Y., 1861 ; graduated at Yale,
1886; Instructor at Kenyon Military Academy, Ohio,
1886-87: studied abroad 1887-89, and subsequently at
the School of Pedagogy, N. Y. City, 1889-90; taught
ancient and modern languages at the Montclair Military
Academy, N. J , 1889-91 ; Instructor in German at Cor-
nell, 1891-93: called to Yale in the same capacity in
1893.

WARREN AUSTIN ADAMS, Ph.D., Instruc-
tor in German at Yale, was born in Skane-
ateles, Onondaga county, New York, September 14,

W. A. ADAMS

1861, son of Emerson Henry and Annette (.\ustin)
Adams. His paternal ancestors went from Connec-
ticut to New Y'ork State about the year 1825, and
those on the maternal side moved there from Shef-
field, Berkshire county, Massachusetts, some time
during the eighteenth century. From the Skaneateles
Academy he entered Yale, graduating in 1S86, and
his studies were subsequently continued in Germany
(two years) and Paris (one summer) and at the
School of Pedagogy connected with the University
of the City of New York. For one year following
his graduation from Yale he was Instructor in Latin
and Roman History at the Kenyon Military Acad-
emy, Gambler, Ohio ; taught modern and classical
languages at a similar institution in Montclair, New
Jersey, from 18S9 to 1891, in which latter year he

accepted the post of Instructor in German at Cor-
nell, and remained at that University for two years.
In 1893 he returned to Yale as an Instructor in the
same Department, and having pursued an advanced
course of philosophical study, received the degree
of Doctor of Philosophy in 1896. On September
2, 1896, he was joined in marriage with Grace
Smith, of Chicago, Illinois; they have one son:
Austin Lockwood Adams.

BISHOP, William Henry, 1847-

Born at Hartford, Conn., 1847 ; educated at Wor-
cester, Mass., Hartford, Fordham, N. Y., and Yale,
Class of 1867 ; studied architecture in New York and
Washington, D. C. joint proprietor and editor of the
Journal of Commerce and Daily Commercial Times,
Milwaukee, Wis.; resided abroad many years; ap-
pointed Instructor in French and Spanish at Yale, 1893;
widely known as a writer of fiction and travels.

ILLIAM HENRY BISHOP, Instructor in
French and Spanish at Yale (Scientific De-
partment), was born at Hartford, Connecticut, Jan-
uary 7, 1847, son of Elias and Catherine (Kelley)
Bishop. His origin can be traced to English, Irish
and French sources. He is a lineal descendant of
James Bishop, Deputy-Governor of the Colony of
Connecticut from 16S3 to 1691, and of John Bishop,
a founder of the Colony of Guilford, 1639, and one
of its first magistrates. His later preparatory studies
were pursued at St. John's College, F"ordham, New
York, whence he entered Yale in the Class of 1867.
While an undergraduate he was an Editor of the
Yale Courant, President of the I.inonian Society,
and Class Poet. For a few years after leaving Col-
lege he pursued the study of architecture, first under
P. B. Wight architect of the National Academy of
Design in New York and later in the office of the
Supervising Architect of the Treasury Department
at Washington, District of Columbia. His taste
however, inclined chiefly to writing and literary
matters, and he took up journalism, which he fol-
lowed from 1872 till 1877, as joint proprietor and
Editor of the Journal of Commerce and the Daily
Commercial Times of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He
was drawn to a distinctively literary career through
the acceptance of his first short story. One of the
Thirty Pieces, and his first novel, Detmold, by the
Atlantic Monthlv, then under the Editorship of ^^'il-
liam Dean Howells. Popular books from his pen,
jmblished first in the leading magazines. The Cen-
tury, Scribner's and Harper's, in addition to the
Atlantic Monthly, and also in part in the Nation,

UNIVERSITIES JND THEIR SONS

387

appeared in the following order : Detmold, a Ro-
mance ; The House of a Merchant Prince, a novel
of New Vork ; Choy Susan and Other Stories ; The
Golden Justice, a novel; Mexico and Her Lost
Provinces ; Fish and Men in the Maine Islands ; A
House Hunter in FAiroi)e ; The Brown Stone Boy
and Other Queer People ; The Yellow Snake ; A
Pound of Cure ; Writing to Rosina. There is also
a novel, Sergeant Von, published anonymously, by
Cassell & Company, and I'he Faience Violin, a
translation from the French of Champfleury, with a
literary essay. Several of Mr. Bishop's productions

WILLIAM HENRY BISHOP

have been translated into foreign languages, one in
the Revue des Deux Mondes, which leading review
contained a very favorable article on his work, in the
number for April 1884. There have also appeared
in the magazines a number of his short stories not
yet collected into book-form, of which Anti-Babel,
in a late number of the Century is a good example.
His travels among the Abandoned Farms, published
in the same magazine, attracted much attention. In
1888 he went abroad and spent the succeeding five
years chiefly in the South of France ; he has also at
other times been much in Europe. Being recog-
nized as an able linguist, he was called by Vale
University, in 1S93, as Instructor in French and
Spanish, in tlie Sheffield Scientific School. He is a

member of the Society of Colonial \\'ars ; theCrad-
uates' Club of New Haven ; the Touring Club of
France, and was formerly a member of the Authors'
Club of New York, from which he has resigned. He
was married July 28, 1886, to Mary Dearborn Jack-
son, daughter of George l". Jackson, of Washington
Heights, New York City. There have been born to
him, two sons, Duquesne Bishop, at Paris, France,
Decembers, 1888, deceased; and Julian I'.rockle-
hurst Bishop, at New York, June 18, 1891.

BUCKMINSTER, Joseph, 1751-1812.

Born in Rutland, Mass., 1751 : graduated from Yale
1770 and was given a Berkeley scholarship ; was a
Tutor there four years; called to Portsmouth, N. H.,
1779 ; died, 1812.

JOSEPH BUCKMINSTER, D.D., Tutor at Yale,
was born in Rutland, Worcester county, Massa-
chusetts, October 14, i 751. His father was the Rev.
Joseph Buckminster of Rutland. He completed the
regular course at Yale in 1770, after which he was
awarded the privilege of remaining three years longer
on a Berkeley scholarship, which he acceptetl, and
received in course the degree of Master of Arts.
He also served in the capacity of Tutor from 1774
to 1778. Receiving a call to the North Church,
Portsmouth, New Hampshire, he was installed in
January 1779, and continued as its Pastor for thirty-
three years. In the controversial discussions of his
day, relative to a division of the Congregational
Church, he sided with the adherents to strict Ortho-
dox principles. .'\ somewhat notable incident in his
quiet, studious life, was his attachment to a New
Haven lady of celebrity, and the hitter's history is
said to have furnished the theme for a novel by Miss
Foster entitled The Coquette. Dr. Buckminster died
inReadsboro, Vermont, June 10, 1S12. Besides some
twenty-five sermons he published a short sketch of
Dr. McClintock, and was part author of the Piscata-
qua River Prayer-Book. In 1803, he was honored
by Princeton with the degree of Doctor of Divinity.

BUMSTEAD, Henry Andrews, 1870-

Born in Pekin, 111.. 1870; took his Bachelor's degree
at Johns Hopkins, i8qi ; Instructor in Physics at Yale
since 1893.

HI:NRY ANDREWS BUMSTEAD, Ph.D., In-
structor in the Scientific Department of
Yale, was born in Pekin. Illinois, March 12, 1870,
son of Samuel Josiah and Sarah Ellen (Sciwell)

388

UNIVERSITIES JND THEIR SONS

Bumsteail. He is a grandson of the Rev. Samuel
Andrews Bumsteail, great-grandson of Josiah Bum-
stead, and great-great-grandson of Jeremiah Bum-
stead. His early education was acquired in the

HENRY A. BUMSTEAD

public schools of Decatur, Illinois, from which he
entered Johns Hopkins University, where he took his
Bachelor's degree in 1891, and remained there as a
graduate student for the succeeding two years. In
1893 he accepted an appointment as Instructor in
Physics at the Sheffield Scientific School of Yale,
and received from the University the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy in 1897. Dr. Bumstead is a
member of several College societies and of the
Graduates' Club, New Haven. He was married
August 17, 1896, to Luetta Ullrich ; they have one
son : John Henry Bumstead.

BOURNE, Edward Gaylord, 1860-

Born in Strykersville, N. Y,i86o; graduated at Yale,
1883; post-graduate student there till 1888; Lecturer,
1886-88; Instructor in History at Adelbert College,
1888-90; and Professor of that subject till 1895 : called
to the same chair at Yale the latter year; writer of
wide repute.

EDWARD GAYLORD BOURNE, Ph.D., Pro-
fessor of History at Yale, was born in Stry-
kersville, New York, June 24, r86o, son of the Rev.

James Russell :ind Isabella Graham (Staples)
Bourne. He is a descendant of Richard Bourne,
who settled in Sandwich, Massachusetts, about the
year 1635, and was a missionary among the Cape
Cod Indians, and on the maternal side he traces his
ancestry to Governor Edward ^^'inslow, and Elder
Brewster, the Pilgrims. He attended the public
schools of West RutlainI, Vermont, and North Ston-
ington, Connecticut ; was fitted for College at the
Norwich Free Academy, (Connecticut), and was
graduated at Yale with the Class of 1883. He re-
mained at tlie College as a graduate student for five
years, the last two of which he lectured on political
science, and going to Adelbert College as Instructor
in History in 1888, was advanced to the Professor-
ship of that subject in 1890. In 1S95 he was called
to the Chair of History at Yale, which he still retains.
In 1896 he became Associate Editor of the Yale
Review. Politically he is Independent. On July
17, 1895, Professor Bourne married Annie Thomson
Nettleton ; they have three sons : Willian Nettleton,
born .\pril 19, 1896; James Russell born April 6,
1897; and Edward Walter Bourne, born June 17,

EDVV.ARli (;. IML'RNE

1898. The degree of Doctor of Philosophy was
conferred upon him by Yale in 1892. His publica-
tions comprise : The History of the Surplus Revenue
of 1837 ; and many essays and reviews on historical

UNIVERSIT'IES ANr> THEIR SONS

389

subjects, among the more important of wliich arc :
The demarcation Line of Alexander VI. ; Alexander
Hamilton antl Adam Smith ; Prince Henry the Nav-
igator ; James Anthony Froude ; Leopold von
Ranke ; and The Authorship of the Federalist.

BROWNING, Philip Embury, 1866-

Born in Rhinebeck, N. Y., 1866: graduated at Yale,
1889; graduate student in chemistry there three years
and an Assistant until 1893; concluded his studies
abroad; Instructor at Vale, 1894-98; chosen Assistant
Professor of Chemistry the latter year.

PHILIP EMBURY BROWNING, Ph.D., Assis-
tant Professor of Chemistry at Yale, was born
in Rhinebeck-on-the-Hudson, New York, Septem-

PHILIP E. BROWNING

ber 9, 1866, sou of \\"illiani Garritson and Susanna
Rebecca (\Vebb) Browning. His paternal ancestry
were English and Dutch, and on the maternal side
he is of English and French-Huguenot extraction.
His preliminary education was obtained at the Adel-
phi Academy, Brooklyn, Grammar School Number
64, New York City, the College Hill School, Pough-
keepsie, and at Degarmo Institute, Rhinebeck. En-
tering Yale in 1885 his attention was diverted during
his Senior year from his other studies to that of
chemistry, and remaining as a post-graduate student

and assistant for three years after taking his Bache-
lor's degree, he accomjilished some advanced work
and in 1S92 was made a Doctor of Philosophy. He
continued as an Assistant until 1893, when he went
abroad for the purpose of contimiing his studies,
spending a year in the laboratory of the Ludwig
Maximilian University, Munich ; was on his return
in 1894 chosen an Instructor in Chemistry at Yale,
ami advanced to the .Assistant Professorship in 1898.
Dr. iirowniug is a member of the .American Chemi-
cal Society, the Graduates' Club, New Haven, ;ind
the Sigma Xi of Yale. He has made considerable
])rogress in scientific research, and besides Lecture
Notes on Qualitative Analysis prepared in collabora-
tion with Professor F. A. Gooch, he has contributed
several papers on .Analytical Chemistry to American
and European Scientific Journals.

COOK, Albert Stanburrough, 1853-

Born in Montville, N. J., 1853; prepared for College
at Montville and Boonton ; graduated from Rutgers,
1872; Gbttingen and Leipzig, 1877-78; studied in Lon-
don, 1881 ; University of Jena, 1881-82; Ph.D. Jena,
1882; teacher at Whitehall and Taylortown, N. J.,
1868-69; Tutor at Rutgers, 1872-73; teacher, Freehold,
N. J., 1873-77; Johns Hopkins, 1879-81; Professor of
English Language and Literature, University of Cali-
fornia, 1882-89; Professor of English Language and
Literature, Yale, 1889-

ALBERT STANBURROUGH COOK, Ph.D.,
L.H.D., Professor of English Language and
Literature at Yale, was born at Montville, Morris
county. New Jersey, March 6, 1853, son of Frederick
Weissenfels and Sarah (Barmore) Cook. Professor
Cook is the eighth in descent from Ellis Cook, who
settled in Southampton, Long Island, about 1644.
The family subsequently moved to New Jersey,
where Silas Cook, Professor Cook's grandfather,
was Judge and member of the State Legislature.
Professor Cook's early education was acquired in
the district school at Montville and in a private
school at Boonton, whence he went to Rutgers,
graduating in 1S72 at the head of his class, and
taking the first prize for thesis. In 1877 he went
to Gottingen and Leipzig, where he studied for a
year. In 1881 he went to London, and from there
to Jena. In 1882 he took the degree of Doctor of
Philosophy at the University of Jena. He was a
teacher in the district schools at Whitehall ami
Taylortown, New Jersey, from 1868 to 1869. and
Tutor in Mathematics in Rutgers from 1872 to
1S73. Before graduation he was offered the Pro-

390

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

fessorship of Chemistry at I'likiu, JaiKin, to succeed
William Elliot Grififis, but declined. From 1873 to
1877 he taught in a private school at Freehold,
New Jersey. He became Associate in English at
the Johns Hopkins in 1879, and Professor of English
Language and Literature at the University of Cali-
fornia in 1 881. He remained at the latter institu-
tion until 1889, when he was called to the Chair of
English Language and Literature at Yale. Professor
Cook was President of the State Teachers' Associa-
tion of California in 1887 ; member of the National
Conference on Entrance Examinations in English

ALBERT S. COOK

from 1894, and Secretary in 1897. He was Presi-
dent of the Modern Language Association of Amer-
ica in 1 896-1 89 7, and has been Co-editor for
English of the Journal of C.ermanic Philology since
1897. He is a member of the Modern Language
Association of America, and of the Modern Lan-
guage and English Clubs of Vale. He received
the honorary degree of Ivlaster of Arts from Yale in
1 889, and that of I)octor of Humanities from
Rutgers in the same year. Among his principal
published works, either edited or composed, are :
Sievers' Old English Grammar ; Judith, an Old Eng-
lish Epic Fragment ; Sidney's Defense of Poesy ;
The Art of Poetry ; First Book in Old English ;
Burke's Speech on Conciliation with America;

Tennyson's The Princess ; and Biblical Quotations
in Old English Prose Writers. Since 1S9S, he is
the Editor of a series entitled Yale Studies in
English. Professor Cook was married June i, 1886
to Emily Chamberlain, and has two children :
Mildred Emily (1891) and Sidney Albert Cook
(1892).

FARNAM, Henry Walcott, 1853-

Born in New Haven, Conn., 1853; early education at
private schools in this country and in France ; at
school in Germany, 1865-69 ; Hopkins Grammar School,
1869-70; A.B. Yale, 1874; MA. Yale, 1876; R.P.D.
Strassburg, 1878; Tutor of Latin, Yale, 1878-80; Uni-
versity Professor of Political Economy, 1880-81 ; Pro-
fessor of Political Economy, Sheffield Scientific School,
1881-

HENRY WALCOTT FARNAM, ALA., R.P.D.,
Professor of Political Economy in the Slief-
field Scientific School at Yale, was born in New
Haven, Connecticut, November 6, 1853, son of
Henry and Ann Sophia (Whitman) Farnam. His
early education was acquired in the private schools
of this country and in France until 1S65, when he
attended the gymnasiums of Heidelberg and of
Weimar until 1869. The following year he spent
at the Hopkins Grammar School, and then entered
Yale, graduating with the Class of 1874. He re-
ceived the degree of I\Lister of Arts from Yale in
1876, and the degree of L>octor of Political Science
from Strassburg in 1S78. From 1878 until 1880
he taught Latin at Yale, and was Professor of Politi-
cal Economy at Yale during the following year. Li
1 88 1 he was ajipointed Professor of Political Econ-
omy in the Sheffield Scientific School. Professor
Farnam is a member of the State Commission of
Sculpture ; of the Century, University and Reform
Clubs of New York ; and of the Graduates' and
Lawn Clubs of New Haven. Although never active
in politics. Professor Farnam has always taken great
interest in political and civic affairs, doing com-
mittee work during the Cleveland campaign of
1884, having been Chairman of the Prudential
Committee of the New Haven Hospital for five
years, Director and Vice-President of the Organized
Charities, Secretary of the New Haven Civil Service
Reform Association, member of the Publication
Committee of the American Economic .Association,
Editor of the Yale Review, a member of the Com-
mittee of Fifty for the Investigation of the Liquor
Problem, and President of the Civil Service Board of
New Haven. The volume published in 1899 by the

VNirKRSI-riKS ./XD rilKIK soxs

391

Economic Sub-Committee of the Committee of course, lieUl a Fellowship in the College Cori)oration

Fifty and entitled Economic Aspects of the Liquor from 1807 to 1S23, and was made a Doctor of

Froblem was prepared under his direction. Pro- Theology by Harvard in 1809. His publications

fessor Farnam was married June 26, 1890, to consist of religious essays and sermons.

HENRY \V. FARNAM

Elizabeth Upham Kingsley, and has three children :
Louise Whitman (1S91), Katharine Kingsley (1S93)
and Henry Walcott Farnam, Jr., (1894).

LEE, Andrew, 1745-1832.

Born in Lyme, Ct., 1745; graduated at Yale, 1766;
studied theology two years; ordained Pastor of the
Congregational Church in Hanover, Conn . 1768. labor-
ing there for the rest of his life ; Fellow of Yale, 1807-
1823 ; died in 1832.

ANDREW LEE, S.T.D., Fellow of Yale, was
born in Lyme, Connecticut, May 7, 1745.
Taking the regular classical course at Yale, from
which he was graduated in 1766, he devoted the
succeeding two years to the study of theology and
in I 768 was installed Pastor of the Trinitarian Con-
gregational Church in Hanover, now Lisbon, Con-
necticut. He resided there for the rest of his life,
laboring diligently and continuously for a period of
sixty-three years, until 1831, when he closed one of
the longest Pastorships on record, and his death
occurred August 25, of the ensuing year. Dr. Lee
received the degree of Master of Arts from Yale in

GRANVILLE, William Anthony, 1863-

Born in White Rock, Minn., 1863; early education
Vasa High School, Gustavus Adolphus College ; Ph B.
Yale. 1893 ; Ph D., 1897; Burlington Business College,
1885: Instructor in Mathematics Bethany College,
1891. Instructor in Mathematics, Sheffield Scientific
School, 1893-

Wn,LIAM ANTHONY GRANVILLE, Ph.D.,
Instructor in Mathematics at the Sheffield
Scientific School at Yale, was born at \Vhite Rock,
Minnesota, December 16, 1863, son of Trued Pear-
son and Hannah (Olson) Gran\ille. His early edu-
cation was acquired at public schools, at the Vasa
High School, and at Gustavus .\dolphus College of
St. Peter, Minnesota. He entered the Sheffield
Scientific School in Junior year and graduated with
the Class of 1893. He attended the Burlington
Business College during the sunnner of 1885, and

w. A. (;k.-\nvii,le

acted as Instructor of ^Lathematics and Business
Manager of Bethany College, Lindsborg, Kansas,
until the spring of 1S91. After graduation from the
Sheffield Scientific School, he became Instructor of

39^

UNIJ'ERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

Mathematics there and still holds that position and
in 1897 took the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at
Yale University. He is a member of the American
Mathematical Society, Sigma Xi, and of the Gradu-
ates' Club of New Haven. He was married July 1 1,
1888. to Ida Adelia Irvin, and has three children:
Ida Irene, Rachel Edna and Leone Irvin Granville.

FISHER, Irving, 1867-

Born in Saugerties, N. Y., 1867 ; prepared for College
at the high schools of Peace Dale, R I., and New
Haven, Conn., and at Smith Academy, St. Louis ; A.B.
Yale, 1888; Ph.D. Yale, 1891 ; studied in Berlin and
Paris, 1893-94; Instructor in Mathematics Yale, 1890;
Tutor, 1891 ; Assistant Professor, 1893; Assistant Pro-
fessor of Political Economy, 1895 ; Professor, 1899-

IRVIXG FISHER, Ph.D., Professor of Political
Economy at Yale, was born February 27,
1867, at Saugerties, New York, son of the Rev. George

IRVING nSHER

Whitefield and Ella (Wescott) Fisher. His early
education was acquired in the high schools of
Peace Dale, Rhode Island, and New Haven, Connec-
ticut, and at the Smith .\cadeniy, St. Louis, Missouri.
He graduated from Yale in 1888 as valedictorian,
and took the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in 1891.
From 1890 to 1895 Mr. Fisher instructed in Mathe-
matics at Yale. He became .Assistant Professor of
Mathematics in 1893, and Assistant Professor of

Political Economy in 1895. The year 1 893-1 894
he spent in study in Berlin and Paris. He was
made full Professor of Political Economy in 1899.
He is a member of the American Mathematical
Society, of the American Economic Association, the
British Economic Association, and the Connecticut
Academy of Arts and Sciences. Professor Fisher is
the author of several books, among others : Mathe-
matical Investigations in the Theory of Value and
Prices, Appreciation and Interest and Brief Intro-
duction to the Infinitesimal Calculus, the last named
being designed for students of Mathematical Econo-
mics and Statistics. He also wrote with Professor
Phillips Elements of Geometry. He was married
June 24, 1893, to Margaret Hazard, and has two
daughters : Margaret and Caroline Fisher.

HICKOK, Laurens Perseus, 1798-1888.

Born in Danbury, Conn., 1798; graduated from
Union 1820; studied theology and entered the ministry,
1822; Professor of Theology in the Western Reserve
College, Ohio, 1836; took the same Chair at the
Auburn, N. Y. Theological Seminary in 1844; Vice-
President and a Professor of Union, 1852 ; President for
over two years; Fellow of Yale, 1834-1837 ; died, 1888.

LAURENS PERSEUS HICKOK, D.D., LL.D.,
Fellow of Yale, and afterwards President of
Union College, was born in Danbury, Connecticut,
December 29, 1798. Graduating from Union in
1820 and studying theology he entered the ministry
in 1822, and prior to succeeding Dr. Lyman Beecher
as Pastor of the Church in Litchfield, Connecticut,
he presided over churches in Newtown and Kent,
that state. Appointed Professor of Theology at the
Western Reserve College, Ohio, in 1836, he re-
mained there for eight years, and in 1844 was
called to the same chair at the Auburn, New York,
Theological Seminary, which he occupied for the
same length of time. Returning to Schenectady in
1852, as Vice-President of Union and Professor of
Mental and Moral Science, he was Acting President
from i860 to 1866, when he was elected President,
and held office for over two years, resigning July 20,
1 868. While pursuing his pastoral labors in Con-
necticut Dr. Hickok assisted in the government of
Yale and was a member of the College Corporation
from 1834 to 1837. Besides several works upon
religious and philosophical subjects, he was the
author of a System of Moral Science, and a full col-
lection of his writings was published in 1875. Dr.
Hickok was a fellow of the American Academy.
He died May 7, 1888.

UNIVERSiriES ylND THEIR SONS

393

ABBE, Robert, 1851-

Born in New York City, 1851 ; graduate of the Col-
lege of the City of New York, 1870; College of Physi-
cians and Surgeons of Columbia, 1874; Instructor in
Drawing. English and Geometry at College of the City
of New York, 1870-72 ; wide and varied hospital service,
Professor of Surgery at New York Post-Graduate
Medical School. 1889-97 ; Lecturer in Surgery at Colum-
bia, 1898-

ROISICRT ABBE, iM.D., Lecturer in Surgery at
Columbia, was born in tiie City of New
York, April 13, 1S51. His father, George Waldo
Abbe, a native of Windham, Connecticut, was a

ROBERT ABBE

member of an old New England family dating back
to 1630. He married Charlotte Colgate, whose
ancestors had been forced to leave Kent, England,
in 1795, for republican sentiments too freely ex-
pressed. Robert Abbe received his early education
in the excellent public schools of New York City,
afterwards attending the College of the City of New
York. Aher his graduation in 1870 he was for two
years employed there as Instructor in English, Draw-
ing and Geometry. He studied medicine at the
College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia,
graduating in 1874. From 1877 to 1884 he was
.\ttending Surgeon in the Out-Patient Department
of the New York Hospital, and for two years was
Professor of Didactic Surgerv in the Woman's Med-

ical College. He has been .Attending Surgeon at
St. Luke's Hosjjital since 1S84, and ,\tlending Sur-
geon nl the New York Cancer Hospital since 1893 ;
and also held for five years, from 1892 to 1897, the
jiost of .Attending Surgeon to the New York Babies'
Hospital. Since 1S97 he has been connected with
Roosevelt Hospital as Assistant Attending Surgeon.
In 1889 Dr. Abbe was called to the Chair of S\ir-
gery in the New York Post-Graduate Medical
School, and filled it until 1897. In 1898 he was
tendered and accepted the ai)[)ointment of Lecturer
in Surgery at Columbia Medical School. He is a
member of the Century Association, the L'niversily
Club, and numerous other societies. He married,
November 14, 1891, Catherine .Vmory Palmer,
widow of Courtlandt Palmer of New York.

CHESTER, Albert Huntington, 1843-

Born in Saratoga Springs, N. Y., in 1843; educated
at Union College and the Columbia School of Mines,
graduating from the latter with the degree of EM.;
Assistant Instructor in Mineralogy there 1864-1863 ;
Professor of Chemistry and Mineralogy at Hamilton
1870-1891 ; appointed to the same Chair at Rutgers
1881 ; became Chemist to the New York State Board
of Health 1882; widely known as an expert mining
engineer.

ALBERT HUNTINGTON CHESTER, Ph.D.,
.Sc.D., Assistant in Mineralogy at Columbia,
was born in Saratoga Springs, New York, November
22, 1843. After studying at Union, he entered
the Columbia School of Mines, where he obtained
the degree of Mining Engineer in 1868, and while
a student there 1 864-1 868, he acted as an Assistant
in Mineralogy. During the two years following his
graduation he was engaged in professional work,
and being summoned to the Chair of Chemistry,
Mineralogy and Metallurgy at Hamilton in 1870,
continued at the head of that department until
1 89 1. In 1 88 1 he accepted a similar Professor-
ship at Rutgers and was appointed Chemist to the
New York State Board of Health in 1882. Pro-
fessor Chester has devoted the time not actually
required for his College duties to the investigation
and development of mineral deposits, and during
the years 1875 ^"'^ i^^° '^^ explored the iron fields
in what is known as the vermilion district of
Minnesota. He received the degree of Master of
Arts from Union in 1871, that of Doctor of Phil-
osophy from Columbia in 1878, and Hamilton
conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Science
in 1891. In 1886, he published a Catalogue of

394

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

Minerals, with Chemical Composition and Syn-
onyms, and his contributions to the scientific journals
are both numerous and instructive. In 1896 he
])ublished A Dictionary of the Names of Minerals
including their History and Etymology.

CURTIS, Edward, 1838-

Born in Providence, R I., 1838 ; prepared for College
at private school; A.B. (Harvard) 1859; A.M. (Har-
vard) i852; M.D. (University of Pennsylvania) 1864;
began the study of medicine at the College of Phys-
icians and Surgeons in the City of New York, 1863 ; en-
tered the Medical Department of the United States
Army in i85i, and served until 1870, when he resigned
to begin practice in New York City; Clinical Assistant
in the New York Eye and Ear Infirmary and Micro-
scopist at Manhattan Eye and Ear Infirmary, 1870;
Lecturer on Normal and Pathological Histology at the
College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1871 ; Assistant
Surgeon, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, 1873:
Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics at the
College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1873; Surgeon
New York Eye and Ear Infirmary 1874, and Honorary
Microscopist to the New York City Board of Health;
" Emeritus " Professor of Materia Medica and Thera-
peutics in the CDllege of Physicians and Surgeons,
1886; now retired from active work, except as Medical
Director of the Equitable Life Assurance Society of
the U. S., which he has filled since 1876.

EDWARD CURTIS, M.D., " Emeritus " Pro-
fessor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics
at Columbia, was bor.i in Providence, Rhode Island,
June 4, 1835. His father George Curtis, was a
native of Worcester, Massachusetts, and fifth in
descent from Ephraim Curtis, the first settler of
that city. George Curtis was a banker of Provi-
dence, and was three times chosen speaker of the
General Assembly of Rhode Island. He removed
to New York about a year after the birth of I'ldward
Curtis, and became cashier of the Bank of Com-
merce and, later, President of the Continental
Bank. His wife, Julia Bowen Rridgham, was a
daughter of General Samuel Willard Bridgham, first
Mayor of Providence, and a descendant of President
Samuel Willard of Harvard. Young Curtis received
his early education (1845-185 5) in a select private
school in New York City, and then entered Har
vard. He received from Harvard the degree of
Bachelor of Arts in 1859 and Master of Arts
in 1862. In the spring of i860 he began the
study of medicine at the College of Physicians
and Surgeons in the City of New York. When
the Civil War broke out he was one of the first
to respond to the call for surgeons at the front,

and entered the medical service of the United
States Army as a volunteer dresser at the Union
Hotel Hospital, Georgetown, District of Colum-
bia. His career in the army, where he ren-
dered distinguished service, may be briefly sum-
marized as follows : Medical Cadet, United States
."Kmiy, September 6, 1861, at Cliffburne Barracks;
with the Army of Virginia, .'\ugust 23, 1862 ; at the
Satterlee General Hospital, Philadelphia, September
1862 ; acting .Assistant Surgeon, United States Army,
May 5. 1863, assigned to the Microscopical Depart-
ment of the Army Medical Museum at ^^'ashing-

EDWARD CURTIS

ton; in 1864 the University of Pennsylvania con-
ferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Medicine ;
Assistant Surgeon, United States Army, March 30,
1864 ; Hampton Hospital at Fortress Monroe,
June 22, i8ri4 ; Sheridan Field Hospital, Winches-
ter, Virginia, September 20, 1864; Captain and
brevet-Major, March 13, 1865 ; Army and Navy
Eclipse expedition to Des Moines, Iowa, summer
of 1869. During his service in the Army Medical
Museum he worked especially at the newly- prac-
tised art of photography through the microscope,
and prepared the catalogue of the microscopical
section of the Museum. On the eclipse expedition
he took photographs of the total solar eclipse through
the telescope for the Naval Observatory at Washing-

UNIVERSlTtlES JND rilEIR SONS

395

ton. lie marrieil, Novenibcr i6, 1S64, Augusta
LawltT Stacey of Chester, rcnnsylvania, ami has
five children, two boys and three girls. He re-
signed the army in 1.S70, and took up the practice
of medicine in New York City. In March of tiiat
year he was appointed Clinical Assistant in the
New York Eye and Ivir Infirmary, and in Decem-
ber, Microscopist at the Manhattan Eye and Ear
Infirmary. In the spring of 187 1 he lectured on
Normal and Pathological Histology at the College
of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City. Then
followed in rapid succession: 1872, Assistant Sur-
geon, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary ; May
1S73, Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeu-
tics at the College of Physicians and Surgeons ;
January 1S74, Surgeon New York Eye and Ear
Infirmary, and Honorary Microscopist to the New
York City Board of Healtli. In 18S6 he was ap-
pointed "Emeritus" Professor of Materia Medica
and Therapeutics in the College of Physicians and
Surgeons. He has now retired from all active work
save the Medical Directorship of the Equitable
Life Assurance Society, to which he was appointed
in 1876. He is a member of the Century Associa-
tion, Harvard Club, Lawyers Club, Military Order
of the Loyal Legion of the United States, New York
Society of Sons of the Revolution, New York County
Medical Society, Roman Medical Society of New
York, and Academy of Natural Sciences of Phil-
adelphia. He is also an honorary member of the
Phi Beta Kappa Society (Alpha of Massachusetts).

DELAFIELD, Francis, 1841-

Bornin New York City, 1841 : B.A. (Yale) i860; M D.
(College of Physicians and Surgeons) 1862 ; LL.D.
(YaleliSgo ; Attending Physician at Roosevelt Hospital ;
Consulting Physician at Bellevue Hospital ; Professor
of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons.

FR.\NCIS DELAFIELD, M.D., LL.D., Pro-
fessor of the Practice of Medicine at Co-
lumbia, was born in New York City, August 3, 1841,
where his parents, Edward and Julia Floyd Dela-
field, had long resided. His early education was
received in New York City after which he entered
Yale, graduating with the degree of Bachelor of
Arts in i860. He then took up the study of medi-
cine at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in
New York City, taking his degree in 1862, and
commenced practice in New York in 1866. Shortly
thereafter he was appointed Attending Physician at
Roosevelt Hospital. Dr. Delafiel 1 married, January

17, 1S70, Katharine Van Rensselaer of New York
City. They have four children : Elizabeth Ray,
Julia Floyil, Cornelia Van Rensselaer and Edward
Henry Delaficld. In 1882 he was tendered ami
accepted the appointment of Professor of Medicine
in llie College of Physicians and Surgeons, and iiis
connection with the institution still continues. He
is a member of three societies connected with his
profession : the State Medical Society, the .Academy

FRANCIS DELAFIELD

of Medicine and the Pathological Society ; ami also
of the Century, Metropolitan and Vale Clubs. Yale
in 1890 conferred upon him the honorary degree of
Doctor of Laws.

DaCOSTA, Charles M., 1836-1890.

Born in 1836; graduated at Columbia, 1855 ; Trustee
of Columbia ; left a bequest which founded the Da-
Costa Laboratory of Biology also the Professorship of
Biology which has been changed to Zoology ; died in
1890.

CHARLES M. DaCOSTA, .\M., Trustee and
Benefictor of Columbia, was born in 1836,
and was graduated at Columbia in 1855. He be-
came a successful lawyer, and was a Trustee of
Columbia from 1S86 to 1890. On his death in the
latter year he bequeathed to Columbia Si 00,000, also
his valuable librarv, consisting of both law and miscel-

39<

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

laneous works. In liis will he expressed the hope
that the money wouUl be used for the endowment
of some new Professorsliip which, in the judgment of
the Board of Trustees, might be needed in one of
the schools or departments of the College, but stip-
ulated that this expression of his was in no way to
limit the absolute right of the Corporation to use the
said sum for any of its corporate purposes. Of the
bequest $20,000 was set apart for the erection of a
biological laboratory, to be known as the DaCosta
Laboratory of Biology, and the remainder was de-
voted to the endowment of a Chair in the Depart-
ment of Biology, under the name of the LXaCosta
Professorship of Biology. The title of this Profes-
sorship was subsequently changed to the DaCosta
Professorship of Zoology, and the name of the
laboratory was changed to correspond. The Li-
brary Committee of Columbia was requested to
secure a portrait of Mr. DaCosta, and §1,500 was
appropriated for that purpose, in 1891.

GALLAUDET, Bern Budd, 1860-

Born in New York City, i860: attended Anthon's
Grammar School and Everson's Collegiate School,
New York City; A.B. Trinity College, 1880; post-
graduate course in Chemistry at Trinity, 1880-81 ; Col-
lege of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City, 1884;
studied medicine in the Universities of Berlin and
Vienna, 1886-87 '• Assistant Demonstrator in Anatomy,
College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1887-91 ; Demon-
strator of Anatomy since 1891 ; also Surgeon to Belle-
vue Hospital.

BERN BUDD GALL.\UDET, M.D., Demon-
strator of Anatomy at Columbia, is the son
of the Rev. Thomas Gallaudet, D.D., and the grand-
son of the Rev. Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet, who
first introduced into the LTnited States the sign
language, and laid the foundation of the higher
education of the deaf mutes in this country. Dr.
Thomas Gallaudet married Elizabeth Reynolds
Budd, daughter of Dr. Bern Budd, a well-known
practising physician of New York City. The sub-
ject of this sketch was born in New York City,
February 11, i860, and received his early educa-
tion at the .\nthon Grammar School there. He pre-
pared for College at Everson's Collegiate School,
and entered Trinity College of Hartford, taking his
degree in 1080. This was followed by a post-
graduate course in chemistry at Trinity, 1880-18S1,
after which he came to New York and entered the
College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia,

taking his degree in 1884. During the next two
years he was Interne of the New York Ho.spital.
In 1886 he went abroad to study medicine at the
Universities of Vienna and Berlin. On his return to
America he was made .Assistant Demonstrator of
Anatomy in the College of Physicians and Surgeons,
and this was followed in 1891 by his ])romotion to
the post of Demonstrator. During 1889- 1890 Dr.
Gallaudet was Chief of the Surgical Division of the
Vanderbilt Clinic. Since 1890 he has been Visiting
Surgeon and Clinical Lecturer on Surgery at Belle-
vue Hospital. Besides his various professional
positions, he attends to a private practice as surgeon.

B. B. GALLAUDET

He married, June 4, 1894, Elise Gurley Elderkin.
He is a member of the Calumet Club, the Uni-
versity Club, the New York Surgical Society, the
New York Physicians Mutual Aid Association, and
the Society of Alumni of New York Hospital.

DRISLER, Henry, 1818-1897.

Bom on Staten Island, N. Y.. 1818 ; graduated at
Columbia, 1839 ; Classical Instructor in the Grammar
School of Columbia ; Tutor in Greek and Latin in the
College ; Adjunct-Professor and Professor of these
languages : Acting-President ; Dean of the Faculty of
Arts; " Emeritus " Professor ; received LL.D. degree

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

397

from Columbia, 1864, and from Harvard, 1886; died in
N. Y. City, 1897.

HKNRV DRISLKR, I.L.D., Dean of the Fac-
ulty of Arts in Columbia, and twice Acting
I'rfsident of that institution, was born on Staten
Island, New York, December 27, 181S, and was
graduated at Columbia in 1839. After several years
as Classical Instructor in the Grammar School of
Columbia, he became Tutor of Latin and Greek in
the College in 1843, Adjunct- Professor of those
languages in 1845, I'rofessor of Latin in 1857 and
Professor of Greek in 1867. In the latter year he
was made Acting President, during the absence of
President Barnard as Special Commissioner to the
Exposition LTniverselle at Paris. In 1S88, on the
death of President Barnard, he was again appointed
Acting President, retaining the position until the
election of Seth Low to the Presidency in the fol-
lowing year. In 1889 he was appointed Dean of
the Faculty of Arts. In June 1894, having rounded
out fifty years of active service at Columbia, he
resigned and was made Professor " Emeritus." Dr.
Drisler at various times donated many valuable
books to the L'niversity Library, and in 1S97 made
the Library a gift of about two thousand volumes.
He was the author of many scholarly works, and
held at various times prominent positions in many
educational and religious societies and institutions.
The degree of Doctor of Laws was given him by
Columbia in 1864, and a like honor was conferred
on him by Harvard at her two hundred and fiftieth
anniversary. He died in New Vork City, November
30, 1897.

HAYDEN, James Raynor, 1862-

Born in New York City, 1862 ; graduate of the College
of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia, May, 1884 ;
House Surgeon N. Y. Hospital, 1885; Clinical Assist-
ant, Surgical Clinic, College of Physicians and Sur-
geons, 1888; Chief of Clinic and Instructor in Genito-
urinary Diseases, 1891; Assistant Surgeon, ist Naval
Battalion, N. G. N. Y., 1892 ; Attending Surgeon, City
Hospital, 1893; Assistant Attending Surgeon, Bellevue
Hospital, 1898.

M.D., Chief of
Genito-Urinarv

JAMES RAYNOR HAYDEN,
Clinic and Instructor in
Diseases at Columbia, was born in the City of
New York, May 20, 1862. Through his father,
James Albert Hayden, he was descended from
John Hayden and Susannah, his wife, who came
to Massachusetts from England in 1632, and settled
in Dorchester, removing later to Braintree. His

mother, Harriet Whiting, was a descendant c;l
Major William Whiting, wlio came from England
to Hartford, Connecticut, in 1631. James U.
Hayden received his early education in private
schools in New York City. Having settled upon
medicine as his chosen profession, he became a
student at the College of Physicians and Surgeons
of Columbia, taking his degree in May 18S4. In
June following he was api)ointed House Surgeon
at the New Vork Hospital. Three years later, after
a year's work abroad, he accepted the post of Clmi-
cal Assistant in the Surgical Clinic of the College of

JA.MKS R. HAVDKN

Physicians and Surgeons, and after three years of
service in this capacity was made Chief of Clinic and
Instructor in (ienito-lTinary Diseases in 1891. He
has held that position with his ir///u7 mater since that
time. Dr. Hayden married May 4, 1889, Mary
Johnson Trumbull of Worcester, Massachusetts.
They have three children : Dorothy Trumbull, Ruth
Trumbull, and Faith Trumbull Hayden. In 1892 Dr.
Hayden was commissioned .Assistant Surgeon in the
First Naval Battalion of the National Guard of tl;e
State of New York. Since 1893 he has been Attend-
ing Surgeon to the City Hospital in New Vork City,
and since 1898 .Assistant .Attending Surgeon to
Bellevue Hospital. Dr. Hayden is a member of the
Association of the .Alumni of the College of

39^

UNIVERSITIES ANT) THEIR SONS

Physicians and Surgeons, and of the Alumni Associ-
ation of the New York Hospital. He is a fellow of
the Academy of Medicine and an active member
of two other medical societies, the Medical Society
of the County of New York and the American
Association of Genito-Urinary Surgeons.

HYSLOP, James Hervey.

Born at Xenia, Ohio; graduate of West Geneva Col-
lege of Northwood. Ohio, and of Wooster, (Ohio) Uni-
versity; teacher in the public schools, 1877-79; in Lake
Forest University (111.) 1880-82 ; student at Leipzig,
1882-84: teacher at Lake Forest, 1884-5; teacher at
Smith College, Northampton, Mass., 1885-86; student
at Johns Hopkins University, 1886-88 ; with the Asso-
ciated Press. 1888: teacher at Bucknell University,
1889 ; at Columbia since 1889.

JAMKS HERVEY HVSI.OP, A.I\I., Ph.D., In-
structor at Columbia, comes from a state
which is famous for the number of successful men

schools of his native place and as a student at West
Geneva College at Northwood, Ohio. After leaving
the latter he entered Wooster University of Woos-
ter, Ohio, graduating from there in 1877. The two
years succeeding his graduation from Wooster he
spent in teaching in the public schools of Ohio.
Early in 1880 he went to Illinois to become an In-
structor in the University of Lake Forest, in that
state, remaining there until 1882, when he went to
Germany, and spent the following two years as a
student at the University of Leipzig. After his
return to America he was engaged in teaching for
two years, from 1884 to 1885 at Lake Forest, and
the following year at Smith College, Northampton,
Massachusetts. The period from 1886 to 1888 was
spent in study at Johns Hopkins LTniversity of Balti-
more. For some months during 1888 he was em-
ployed on the staff of the Associated Press. He
left there to go to Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, as an In-
structor in Bucknell University. In 1889 Professor
Hyslop was made an Instructor and in 1895 Profes-
sor of Logic and Ethics at Columbia, where he has
since remained. He married, October i, 1891,
Mary Fry Hall of New York City. They have three
children : George Hall, Mary Winifred and Beatrice
Fry Hyslop. Professor Hyslop is not actively inter-
ested in club life. His political tone is that of an
Independent, and he is actively opposed to the evils
of bossism and practical politics, and an earnest
worker for good government, municipal, state and
national.

J. H. HYSLOP

in all lines it has produced, being a native of Xenia,
Ohio. He is the son of Robert and Martha Ann
( Bogle) Hyslop, and a grandson of George Hyslop,
who came to America from Roxburghshire, Scot-
land, and married Margaret Greenwood of the old
Virginia family of that name. 'I'he subject of this
sketch received his early education in the public

MOORE, John Bassett, 1860-

Born in Smyrna, Del., i860; educated in private
schools and at University of Virginia ; studied law,
admitted to the Bar in 1883, and practised in Wilming-
ton, Del., 1883 to 1885; law clerk under civil service
rules in Department of State, Washington, 1S85-1886;
Third Assistant Secretary of State 1886-1891 ; partici-
pated in the Samoan Conference. 1887; Secretary on
American side in Fisheries Conference, 1887-88 ; Pro-
fessor International Law at Columbia since 1891 ;
Assistant Secretary of State of the United States,
April-September, 1898: Secretary and Counsel to the
American Peace Commission in Paris, September-
December, i8g8.

JOHN BASSETT MOORE, LL.D., Hamilton
Fish Professor of International Law and Dip-
lomacy at Columbia, was born in Smyrna, Delaware,
December 3, i860, and received his early education
in private schools at Felton in that state. After a
collegiate course at the University of Virginia, 1877
to 18S0, he studied l;iw for three years in the office

UNlFERSiriES AND rilKIR SONS

!99

of Edward G. Bradford in A\'iliiiington, I )el;uvnrt",
was admitted to tlie ISar in 18.S3, and for two years
practised in Wilmington. In 1885 he was ap-
pointeil under the civil service rules a law clerk in
the Department of State at Washington. In Au-
gust 1886 he was appointed Third Assistant Secre-
tary of State, a position which he held till 1891,
wlien he was called to Columbia to fill the chair of
International Law and Di[)lomacy. He partici-
pated in the Samoan Conference between repre-
sentatives of the American, British and German
governments in June and July 1887, and wrote all

J. B. MOORE

the protocols, which have since been published. He
also served as Secretary on the part of the United
States in the Fisheries Conference of 1 887-1 888.
On the outbreak of the war with Spain in .■\pril
1898, he was asked to take the position of Assistant
Secretary of State. He accepted for the period of
the war, receiving from Columbia a leave of absence
for that purpose. In September 1898, he resigned
the Assistant Secretaryship of State and went to
Paris as Secretary and Counsel to the American
Peace Commission, acting in that capacity through-
out the negotiation of the Treaty of Peace with
Spain. Mr. Moore published in 1887 a Report on
Extraterritorial Crime; in 1890, a report on F^xtra-

dition, with returns of all cases, 1842-18S9, for the
International .American Conference; and in 1891 .A
Treatise on hlxtradition and Interstate Rendition, in
two volumes. A paper of marked interest and abil-
ity was read by him in December 1891 before the
.American Historical .Association, entitled : The
I'niteil States r.nd International .Arbitratii^n. From
1890 to 1892 he supervised, by authority of Con-
gress, the publication of Wharton's edition of the
Diplomatic Correspondence of the American Revo-
lution, contributing thereto a sketch of the editor's
life, and an historical and legal index. In 1S96 lie
published American Notes on the Conflict of Laws,
which accompany Dicey's Digest of the Law of Eng-
land with reference to that subject. In 1S98 ap-
peared his most extensive work, .A History and
Digest of the International .Arbitrations to which the
United States has been a party, with appendices
containing the treaties relating to such arbitrations,
and historical and legal notes on other International
.Arbitrations, ancient and modern, and on the do-
mestic commissions of the L'nitcd States for the
adjustment of international claims. This work is
in six vohmies, and contains many docmnents and
maps previously unpublished. He is now engaged in
editing a new edition of the Digest of the Interna-
tional Law of the Lhiited States, to the first edition
of which, under the editorship of Francis Wharton, lie
made large contributions, including a digest of the de-
cisions of the .American courts, and of the opinions
i)f the .Attorneys-General of the L'liited States, on
questions of international law. Professor Moore
has written many articles for various periodicals,
among which may be mentioned a series in the
March, June and Se]5tember numbers of the Politi-
cal Science Quarterly, 1892, on The Right of .Asy-
lum in Legations and Consulates and in Vessels :
and a series in the same periodical, in 1894, on
Kossuth and the Hungarian Revolution. He is one
of the Editors of the Political Science Quarterly, and
of the Journal du Droit International Prive. He is
also an associate of the Institut de Droit Inter-
national. In 1899 he received from the Columbian
Lhiiversity, at Washington, the degree of Doctor of
Laws.

SMITH, Munroe, 1854-

Born in Brooklyn, N. Y, 1854: educated at Brooklyn
Polytechnic Institute, Amherst College lA.B. 1874),
Columbia Law School, and Universities of Berlin,
Leipzig and Gbttingen (J.U.D. 1880); Lecturer and In-
structor at Columbia 1880-83; Adjunct Professor and

400

UNIVERSiriES AND THEIR SONS

Lecturer 1883-90; Professor i8go-; Managing Editor
Political Science Quarterly 1887-92, 1898-99.

MrXROK SMITH, J.U.D., Professor of
Roman Law and Comparative Jurispru-
dento at Coliimbia, was born in Brooklyn, New
York. December S, 1854, son of Dr. Horatio
Southgate and Susan Dwight (Munroe) Smith. His
ancestors were English and Scotch settlers in Con-
necticut, Massachusetts and Maine. Having ac-
quired his preparatory education in the Polytechnic
Institute of Brooklyn, he entered Amherst College
in 1870 and was graduated in 1874. After a year

MUNROE SMITH

in post-graduate work at Amherst with Professor
John \V. I5urgess, he spent the next two years (1875-
1877) at the Law School of Columbia, and continued
his studies in Germany, at the Universities of Ber-
lin, Leipzig and Gottingen, for the three years
1877-18S0, taking the degree of Doctor of Civil
Law at Gottingen in the latter year. On returning
from abroad he became Lecturer on Roman Law
and Instructor in History at Columbia, and filled
that position for three years. In 18S3 he was
made Adjunct Professor of History and Lecturer on
Roman Law, and after officiating in that capacity
for seven years, was in 1890 transferred to the
Chair of Roman L,aw and Comparative Jurispru-
dence, which he now holds. Professor Smith while
filling his Chair with thoroughness and ability, has

devoted some measure of his time to literary work,
and besides being Managing Editor of the Political
Science Quarterly, for several years, has been a con-
tributor to various journals, and to Lalor's and
Johnson's Flncyclopsdias. He published in 1898 :
I'.ismarck and German Lhiity, An Historical Out-
line. He married April 17, 1890 Gertrude Huide-
koper, and has one daughter, Gertrude Munroe
Smith.

TORREY, John, 1796-1873.

Born in N. Y. City, 1796; educated in the public
schools ; studied medicine and graduated at the Col-
lege of Physicians and Surgeons : entered the U. S
Army as Assistant Surgeon ; Professor of Chemistry,
Mineralogy and Geology at the National Military
Academy ; Professor of Chemistry and Botany at the
College of Physicians and Surgeons and was made
" Emeritus " Professor : Professor of Chemistry at
Princeton; Professor of Chemistry, Mineralogy and
Botany at the University of the City of N. Y. ; U. S.
Assayer in N. Y. ; Trustee of Columbia; presented
his herbarium to Columbia; member of the N. Y.
Lyceum of Natural History and was President; Pres-
ident of the Torrey Botanical Club and the American
Association for the Advancement of Science; member
of the National Academy of Science; received A.M.
degree from Yale, 1823 and LL.D. from Amherst, 1845 ;
died in N. Y., 1873.

JOHN TORREY, LL.D., Trustee of Columbia
and Professor " Emeritus," was born in New
\'ork City, .August 15, 1796, son of Captain William
Torrey, a Revolutionary soldier. After completing
his early education in the public schools of his
native city he seriously contemplated the adoption
of mechanical pursuits, but through the influence of
Amos Eaton he was taught the rudiments of botany,
mineralogy and chemistry. In 18 15 he began the
study of medicine with Dr. Wright Post, and after
graduating from the College of Physicians and
Surgeons he engaged in practice, at the same time
devoting his leisure to the accumulation of knowl-
edge relating to botany and other sciences. The
simple practice of medicine was, however, far from
being pleasant for one whose chief delight lay in
the investigation of other sciences more congenial
to his tastes, and entering the L'nited States Army
as Assistant Surgeon in 1824, he was for the suc-
ceeding four years acting Professor of Chemistry,
Mineralogy and Geology at the National Military
Academy. He was Professor of Chemistry and
Botany at the College of Physicians and Surgeons
from 1827 to 1 85 5, when he was made Professor
•' Emeritus ; " was Professor of Chemistry at Prince-

UN ITERS [TIES AND THEIR SONS

401

ton from 1830 to 1854; and I'rolVssor of Chemis- permit j^rantcil by the riiila<lcl|)hia Associate Re-
try, Mineralogy and liutany at the University of formed I'reshytery in 1S15. In tlie following year
the City of New York in 1S32-33. In 1853 the he accepted the Assistant Pastorship of the Col-
United States Army office was ojiened in New legiate Diitcli Reformed Church, New York City,
York, and Dr. Torrey received the appointment continuing in that capacity until about 1833, when
of Assayer, which lie filled with marked ability he was made Senior Pastor, and retained the charge
until his death. In 1856 he became a Trustee of for the rest of his life. Dr. Knox died January 8,
Columbia, to which he presented his herbarium 1858. The degree of Doctor of Divinity was
containing some fifty thousand sijecimens. In conferred upon him by Columbia, of which he was
i860 he was made "Emeritus" Professor of Chemis- a Trustee from 1836 till his death, and was chosen
try and Botany, and after the consolidation of the Chairman of the Board in 1854.
College of Physicians and Surgeons with Columbia,

wliich took place in the same year, he continued to
remain upon the Board of Trustees, and also held
his " Emeritus " Professorship. Dr. Torrey died
March 10, 1873. He was the last surviving charter
member of the New York Lyceum of Natural
History (now the Academy of Sciences), of which
he was at one time President, held the same office in
the Torrey Botanical Club, and the American Associ-
ation for the .Advancement of Science, and was one
of the original members of the National .Academy
of Science, to which he was nominated by .Act of
Congress. Besides being the author of an extensive
bibliography he contributed numerous articles upon
botanical and other subjects to the various periodi-
cals, made voluminous reports upon the [ilant
specimens collected by different government and
private expeditions, and as Botanist of the Geo-
logical Survey of the State of New York, his report
surpasses anything of the kind ever issued in the
United States. The degree of Master of Arts was
conferred upon him by Yale in 1823, and that of
Doctor of Laws by Amherst in 1845. .A sketch
of his life by his pu]3il and collaborator, .Asa Gray,
was prepared and contributed to the Biographical
Memoirs of the National Academy of Science
(Washington) in 1877.

KNOX, John, 1790-1858.

Born in Pennsylvania, 1790; graduated at Dickinson
College, i8ii; entered the ministry, 1815; connected
with the Collegiate Dutch Reformed Church, New York
City, for forty-two years: Trustee of Columbia, 1836-
1858; and Chairman of the Board at the time of his
death, in 1858.

JOHN KNOX, S.T.D., Trustee of Columbia, was
born in the vicinity of Gettysburg, Pennsyl-
vania, June 17, 1790. He was a graduate of
Dickinson College, Class of 181 1, pursued his
divinity studies under the tutelage of Dr. John M.
Mason, and began his niinisteri.il labors under a

VOL. II. — 26

KROEBER, Alfred Louis, 1876-

Born in Hoboken, N. J., 1876; fitted for College
privately; graduate of Columbia (A.B.) 1896, (A.M.)
1897 ; Assistant in Rhetoric at Columbia 1897-99.

ALFRED LOUIS KROi;ili:R, A.M., Assistant
in Rhetoric at Columbia, was born in Ho-
boken, New Jersey, June 11, 1876. He is the .son

A. L. KROEIiER

of Florence and Johanna Muller Kroeber. His
early education was received in boarding and pri-
vate schools, and it was at one of the latter that he
fitted for College. He entered Columbia in 1892,
graduating with the Class of 1896, and a year later
took the degree of Master of .Arts there. Imme-
diately thereafter he was appointed .Assistant in
Rhetoric at the University, a post which he held
until 1899.

402 UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

BURRELL, Herbert Leslie, 1856-

Born in Boston, Mass., 1856; took his Medical de-
gree at Harvard, 1879; Visiting Surgeon at the Boston
City Hospital and the Children's Hospital; President
of the Medical Board of the Carney Hospital; formerly
Surgeon-General of the Massachusetts Volunteer
Militia; Demonstrator of Apparatus at the Harvard
Medical School, 1887-89; of Surgical Appliances until
1891 ; Instructor in Clinical Surgery until 1894; ap-
pointed Assistant Professor the latter year ; member
of various medical bodies.

H1:R1;1:RT LESLII'; P.URRELL, M.D., As-
sistant Professor of Surgery at Harvan],
was born April 27, 1856, in Boston, Massachusetts,
and educated in the public schools. His profes-
sional studies were pursued in the Medical Depart-
ment of Harvard, from which he graduated in 1879,
and was subsequently appointed House Surgeon to
the Boston City Hospital. Since 18S4 he has been,
first, Out-Patient Surgeon, then Assistant Visiting Sur-
geon, and finally Visiting Surgeon to the Boston City
Hospital. He has been since 1883 Visiting Surgeon
to The Children's Hospital, is President of the
Medical Board of the Carney Hospital and was for-
merly Surgeon General of the Massachusetts Volun-
teer Militia. He holds membership in the Boston
Society for Medical Improvement, the Massachusetts
Medical Society, the American Surgical Association
and the American Orthopedic Association. Dr.
Burrell's professional connection with the Harvard
Medical School began in 1887 as Demonstrator of
Apparatus and Bandaging, and two years later he was
made Demonstrator of Surgical Appliances. From
1891 to 1894 he was Instructor in CHnical Surgery,
and in the latter year was ajipointed Assistant Pro-
fessor of Clinical Surgery. In 1899 he was appointed
Assistant Professor of Surgery.

Harvard Dental School, from which he was grad-
uated with the degree of Doctor of Dental Medicine
in 1870, and he was therefore all the more able to
continue his practice, which was already both
extensive and profitable. For fifty years he has
occupied a proininent position among the leading
dentists of Boston, and consequently is one of the
oldest established practitioners in New England.
Besides filling with marked ability the post of Clinical
Instructor of Operative Dentistry at the Harvard
Dental School (1879 to 1881) he has contributed
to the general welfare of the profession by ably ad-

JOHN T. CODMAN

CODMAN, John Thomas, 1826-

Born in Boston, Mass., 1826; identified with dentistry
in his native city for more than fifty years ; graduated
at the Harvard Dental School, 1870; Instructor there,
1879-81 ; able dental writer, member of numerous pro-
fessional, fraternal and beneficial organizations.

JOHN THOMAS CODM.AN, D.M.D., Instructor
in the Harvard Dental School, was born in
Boston, Massachusetts, October 31, 1826. In the
study and practice of dentistry he was originally as-
sociated with his uncle, Dr. Willard W. Codman,
and later with Dr. N. C. Keep of Boston. .\ long
period of practical experience did not, however,
deter him from taking the regular course at the

ministering the important offices of the Massa-
chusetts Dental Society of which he is now an
honorary member, and by taking an active interest
in the transactions of the Boston Society for Dental
Improvement; the Connecticut Valley and New
luigland Dental Societies, and the New York Odon-
tological Society, in all of which he has held mem-
bership, and he has been officially connected with
the .American Academy of Dental Science. The
Boston Society for Dental Improvement was estab-
lished with his assistance, and he is also one of the
founders of the order of the Home Circle, the United
Fellowship, and Boston Council, Royal Arcanum.
His papers upon professional topics have been heard
with much interest by the various dental bodies, and

UNII'F.RSI-riKS JND rJIF.IR SONS

403

he devotes a jiortion of his leisure time to dental
literature. His most important non-professional
work is comprised in a published volume of three
hundred and thirty-five pages entitled Brook Farm,
Historic and Personal Memoirs, the author being the
only man left in New England who was a jjarticipant
in that remarkable social experiment, lie married
December 13, 1S59, Kezzie H. daughter of Mark
Clark of Brewster, Massachusetts.

CRAFTS, James Mason, 1839-

Born in Boston, Mass., 1839; studied Chemistry at
the Lawrence Scientific School of Harvard, graduating
1858; continued his studies ^t Freiberg, Heidelberg
and Paris ; Professor of Chemistry at Cornell, 1868-
1870; member of the Faculty of the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Boston, 1870-1880 and 1892-
1897; President, 1897 ; has successfully pursued several
important chemical investigations; received from the
French Government the Cross of the Legion of Honor.

JAMES MASON CRAFTS, S.l!., Lecturer at
Harvard, now President of the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, was born in Boston, Massa-
chusetts, March S, 1S39. His Hither was a Boston
merchant, and his mother was a daughter of Jeremiah
Mason, the famous lawyer. Having graduated at
the Lawrence Scientific School of Harvard in 185S,
he pursued the study of advanced chemistry and kin-
dred sciences abroad, attending the F'reiberg Mining
School, the University of Heidelberg and the Ecole
des Mines, Paris. While residing in the French
Capital he won distinction as a scientific investi-
gator, having been associated with Professor Charles
Friedel in some important researches relating to
silicon and its affinity for compound radicals, and
the vapor densities of certain non-metallic elements,
particularly iodine. During the years 1866-186 7
he made chemical researches at Harvard, and in
the latter year, at the age of twenty-eight he became
Professor of Chemistry at Cornell. Two years later
he was called to the Massachusetts Institute of Tech-
nology to take the place left vacant by the resigna-
tion of the head of the- Chemical Department,
Professor Storer. After two years in the Institute
Professor Crafts was compelled by poor health to
go abroad, and resigned his Professorship. From
1 87 1 to 1892 he divided his work between the
laboratories of this country and France, laboring
most of the time with Professor Friedel in Schools
of Mines and the Sorbonne. In 1888 he returned
to this C(_)imtry for good, and was offered the hos-
pitality of the laboratories of the Institute, which he

used in carrying on physical and chemical investiga-
tions. In 1890 he was elected a member of the
Corporation. In 1S92 he became Professor of Or-
ganic Chemistry at the Institute, and after the
departure of Professor Drown, who was elected
President of Lehigh University he became the head
of the Chemical Department. In 1S97 hewas elected
President of the Institute as successor to General
Francis .\. Walker. Professor Crafts belongs to
numerous scientific bodies, being a fellow of the
American Academy and a member of the National
Academy of Sciences ; a fellow of the Chemical
Society of London ; and corresponding member for
the British Association for the Advancement of
Science ; has received honors from the French
Academy of Sciences; and in 1885 was created
by the French Government a Chevalier of the
Legion of Honor. His Short Course of Qualitative
Analysis is exceedingly comprehensive and fully
covers the ground for which it was intended. He
is also the author of a series of papers on chemical
and physical subjects, published mainly by the F'rench
Academy of Sciences, many of the papers being the
joint work of Professor Crafts and Professor Friedel.

GAY, George Washington, 1842-

Born in Swanzey, N. H., 1842 ; took his Medical degree
at Harvard, 1868; spent two years at the Rainsford's
Island and Boston City Hospitals and afterward ap-
pointed Surgeon in the latter ; has practised in Boston
nearly thirty years ; Clinical Instructor of Surgery at
Harvard since 1888; author of several interesting med-
ical papers.

GEORGE WASHINGTON G.\Y, M.D., Clinical
Instructor in Surgery at Harvard, was born
in Swanzey, New Hampshire, January 14, 1842,
son of Willard and F"anny (Wright) Gay. He is of
the eighth generation in descent from John Gay(e)
who came to America in 1630, and was one of the
original grantees of " Contentment," now Dedham,
Massachusetts. Having acquired a good practical
education in the common schools and academies,
he prepared for his professional career at the Har-
vard Medical School, receiving his degree in 1868.
Two years were devoted to practical observation at
the Hospital on Rainsford's Island, Boston Harbor,
and the Boston City Hospital, serving as House
Surgeon at the latter Institution. From 1868 to
the present time Dr. Gay has practised successfully
in Boston, and as a member of the City Hospital
Surgical Staff his services have been exceedingly
beneficial to the public. He is now Senior Surgeon

404

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

of that institution. In iSSS he was calleil to tlio
Harvard Medical School as clinical Instructor in Sur-
gery, which position he still holds. He has attained
prominence as a writer as well as a practitioner,
having contributed to the medical journals numer-
ous articles on timely topics including appendicitis,
tracheotomy, shock, hernia, the aspirator, etc. He
is a member of the British and American Medical
Associations, the .\merican Surgical Association, the
Boston and Roxbury Societies for Medical Improve-
ment, the Boston Society for Medical Observation,

UEUKUE W. UAY

the Massachusetts and Suffolk District Medical So-
cieties, of which latter he was for two years President
and the St. Botolph and Athletic clubs of Boston.
Dr. Gay was the recipient of the honorary degree of
Master of Arts from Dartmouth in 1S95.

HOOPER, Franklin Henry, 1850-1892.

Born in Dorchester, Mass., 1850 ; educated in Bos-
ton, abroad and at the Harvard Medical School ; was
Physician at the Mass. General Hospital ; Professor at
Dartmouth ; and Instructor in the Medical Department
of Harvard; died, 1892.

FRANKLIN HENRY HOOPER, M.D., In-
structor in Laryngology at Harvard, was born
in Dorchester, Mass., September 19, 1S50. Private

instruction in Boston, augmented liy study in lierlin,
Frankfort and Neuchatel (Switzerland), fitted him
for the Harvard Medical School, from which he
was graduated in iSyy.aud he was thenceforwaril
engaged in practice in Boston, making a specialty
of diseases of the throat and respiratory organs.
For some years he was Physician to the Throat
Department of the Massachusetts General Hospital,
was Professor of Laryngology at Dartmouth, and
Instructor in that subject at Harvard from 1890
until his death, which occurred November 22, 1S92.
Dr. Hooper was an able writer and his contributions
to the medical journals consisted mainly of articles
relative to the physiology of the recurrent laryngeal
nerves and obstructive diseases to the respiration
of children.

LANMAN, Charles Rockwell, 1850-

Born in Norwich, Connecticut, 1850; graduated
Norwich Free Academy 1867, and Yale 1871 ; re-
mained at Yale as student of Sanskrit and linguistic
science until 1873, when he received degree of Ph.D. ;
pursued his studies in Germany, at the Universities
of Berlin, Tiibingen, and Leipzig; was called to
Johns Hopkins in 1876, and to Harvard in i88o,
as Professor of Sanskrit; Secretary 1879-84, and
President 1889-90, American Philological Association ;
Corresponding Secretary, American Oriental Society,
1884-94; Joint Editor, Journal of the American
Oriental Society, Editor of the Harvard Oriental
Series ; honorary member, Asiatic Society of Bengal ;
foreign member Royal Bohemian Society of Sciences
at Prague.

CHARLES ROCKWELL LANMAN, Ph.D.,
Professor of Sanskrit at Harvard, was born
in Norwich, Connecticut, July 8, 1850. He is the
son of Peter and Catharine (Cook) Lanman, and
great-great-grandson of J onathan Trumbull ( " Brother
Jonathan"), Governorof Connecticut, 1769-1784.
Graduated at the Norwich Free Academy in 1867,
and at Yale in 187 1. Mr. Lanman remained at
Yale as a student of Sanskrit and linguistic science
under Professors Whitney and Hadley until 1873,
when he received the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
He then went to Germany, and further pursued the
same branches at the Universities of Berlin (under
Albrecht Weber), Tubingen (under Roth), and
I^eipzig (under Curtius and Leskien). In 1876,
the year of its opening, he was called to the Johns
Hopkins L^niversity, as Fellow in Sanskrit ; and
in 1880 he became Professor of Sanskrit at Har-
vard, which chair he still fills. Professor Lanman
published in 1S80, Noun-inflection in the Veda
(Vol. X., Journal of the American Oriental Society),

UNIVERSITIES JND THEIR SONS

405

an investigntion of the (".rammnr and I'^xegesis
of the VecUijaud in 1S88, A Sanskrit Reader
with Vocabulary and Notes wliicli in connec-
tion with Whitney's Sanskrit (Irammar is in-
tended to furnish a complete a|)paratus for the
first year or two of Sanskrit study. He was Sec-
retary of the American Philological Association
1879 to 84 — during which time he edited Volumes
X. to XIV. of its Transactions — and was its
President 1S89 to 1890, and was Corresponding Sec-
retary of the American Oriental Society 1884 to 94.
In 1S89, while travelling in India, he acquired a

CHARLES R. LANiMAN

valuable collection of books and some five hundred
manuscripts (Sanskrit and Prakrit) for the library
of Harvard. He edited, with Professor George
F. Moore of Andover, the Journal of the Ameri-
can Oriental Societv. He also edits, with the
co-operation of various scholars, the Harvard
Oriental Series, published by Harvard. The first
volume of this series, a book of P)uddhist
Sanskrit stories, entitled Jataka Mala, edited by
Professor Kern of the University of Leyden and
printed in Oriental characters, appeared in 1891.
A translation of it has just been published as Vol-
ume I. of Professor Max Miiller's Saired P>ooks
of the Buddhists. The second vohmie is the
Sanskrit text of Sankhya Pravachana Bhashya, or

Commentary on the Exposition of the Sankhya Phil-
osophy, by Vijnana Bliikshu, edited by Professor
Carbc of the University of Tubingen. The third
volume is Buddhism in Translations, by II. ('.
Warren of Cambridge. This work consists of trans-
lations of over a hundred passages from the Buddhist
Scriptures, so selected and arranged as to give a
complete and systematic presentation of the subject
at first liand. The fourth and fifth vulumes will
contain the translation of the Atharva Veda San-
hita, with a full critical and exegetical commentary,
left in manuscript by the late Professor Whitney of
^'ale. Some ten other volumes are now under way
or well advanced towards completion. In 1896
Professor Lanman was elected an honorary mem-
ber of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, established in
1784 by Sir William Jones at Calcutta. Hon-
orary membership in this society is restricted
to about twenty-five men, one half scientists, and
one half in the department of letters. More
recently he was elected a foreign- member of
the Royal Bohemian Society of Sciences, the oldest
corporation of its kind in the Austro- Hungarian Em-
pire, established in 1784 at Prague. Of the foreign
members of this organization there are less than a
score in the scientific class, and scarcely more in
the class for philosophy, history, and pliilology.
Professor Lanman was married July 18, 1S88, to
Mary Billings Hinckley, a lineal descendant of
Thomas Hinckley, Governor of Plymouth ('olony
from 16S0 to 1687 and 1689 to 1692. During the
College year of 1888 and 1889 Mr. and Mrs. Lanman
travelled on the continent of Europe, and in India,
visiting Bombay, Allahabad, Benares, Calcutta, Dar-
jieling in the Himalayas, Bodhi-Gaya, Agra, Delhi,
Jeypore, Ahmedabad, Girnar iji Gujerat, and the
caves of Ajunta and Ellora. They have six children :
Faith Trumbull, born February 15, 1S90; Thomas
Hinckley, born May 13, 1891 ; Edith Hamilton,
born July 5, 1892; Jonathan Trumbull and Katha-
rine Mary, twins, born September 23, 1894; and
Esther Cook, born January 26, 1898.

LINCOLN, Albert Lamb, Jr., 1850-

Born in Boston, Mass., 1850; graduated at Harvard
1872 and at the Law School 1874 ; Instructor in Latin
at Harvard. 1873-74; admitted to Bar, 1875; successful
practitioner and real-estate conveyancer of Boston;
and Secretary of the Class of 1872, Harvard.

AL1!1;RT LAMB LINCOLN, Jr., .\.M., LL.B.,
Instructor in Latin at Harvard, was born in
Boston, Massachusetts, April 29, 1850, son of Albert

406

UNlfERSiriES AND THEIR SONS

L. and Ann Eliza (Stoddard) Lincoln. His father Han-ard Law Review. Mr. Schofield as assistant
was formerly a leading Boston jeweller and estab- of .\lfred Henienway, Esq., had a share in the work
lished his residence in the neighboring town of of drafting the .\ct for Registering and Confirming
Brookline in 1856. The son prepared for College Titles to Land, passed by the Legislature of Massa-
in lirookline and entering Harvard was graduated chusetts in i89<S, introducing a modified form of the
in 1S72. He was elected Class Secretary by his
class and still holds that position. His legal studies
were also pursued at tlie University in the regular
course at the Law School which was augmented by
a year's post-graduate work, and he received his
^L^ster's degree in course (1S75), having been made
a Bachelor of Laws the previous year. In the fall
of 1875 he was admitted to the Suffolk Bar, Boston,
where he has ever since been engaged in successful
practice, giving his particular attention to convey-
ancing. While a law student at Harvard he acted
as Listructor in Latin. Politically he is independ-
ent of party allegiance. In the public affairs of
Brookline he has taken an active part, serving upon
the Board of Selectmen for seven years from 1S86,
and as Chairman of the Board from iSSS to 1893.
Mr. Lincoln's wife was Edith, daughter of the late
Moses B. Williams of Brookline.

SCHOFIELD, William, 1857-

Born in Dudley. Mass., 1857: graduated at Harvard,
1873; from the Law School, 1883; admitted to the Bar,
1884; began his practice in Boston, 1885: Instructor at
Harvard Law School. 1886-90; in the College 1888-92.

WIl.ITAM SCHOFIELD, A.M., Law Instruc-
tor at Harvard, was born in Dudley, Worces-
ter county, Massachusetts, February 14, 1857, son of
John and Margaret (Thompson) Schofield. From
Nichols Academy, in his native town, he joined the
Class of 1879 at Harvard, and the year following his
graduation was spent in the College pursuing special
studies, including Roman Law. He took the reg-
ular course at the Harvard Law School, completing
it in 1883, and for the succeeding two years acted as
Private Secretary for Mr. Justice Gray of the Ignited
States Supreme Court. Returning to Boston in 1885
he engaged in practice, having been admitted to the
Bar the previous year, and has acquired success in
his profession. His connection with Harvard as
Instructor in Torts at the Law School from 1S86 to
1890, and of Roman Law in the College from 1888
to 1892, has greatly enhanced his reputation as a
legal scholar, and his ability as a practitioner is by no
means inferior to his intellectual attainments. He
is also an able legal writer and a contributor to the

WILLIAM SCHOFIELD

Torrens System of Land Transfer. He was elected
to the Legislature of 1899 as a Republican member
from Maiden. On December i, 1892, Mr. Schofield
married Edna M. Green of Rutland, Vermont.

OLIVER, Fitch Edward, 1819-1892.

Born in Cambridge, Mass., 1819 ; graduated at Dart-
mouth, 1839; at the Harvard Medical School, 1843;
completed his studies in Paris ; practised in Boston for
the rest of his life ; Visiting Physician to the Boston
City Hospital. 1864-72 ; Instructor of Materia Medica
in the Medical Department of Harvard, 1860-70 ; Editor
of the Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, 1860-64;
died, 1892.

FITCH EDWARD OLIVER, A.M., M.D., Med-
ical Instructor at Harvard, was born in
Cambridge, Massachusetts, November 25, 18 19.
His father was Dr. Daniel Oliver (Harvard 1806), a
man of ripe scholarship who for many years occu-
pied the chair of Intellectual Philosophy in Dart-
mouth and was Lecturer on Chemistry and Materia
Medica in the Medical School connected with that

univp:rsities jnd their sons

407

college. The son, Fitch luhvard Oliver, entered
Dartnioutii when under sixteen years of age, and
graduated in the (Hass of 1.S39. In preparation for
his profession, he attended lectures at the Harvard
Medical School, ICS39-1S40, also at Dartmouth and
at the Medical College of Ohio, in Cincinnati, fol-
lowing this with private instruction in lioston under
Dr. John S. ISutler and Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes.
He continued his studies at the Harvard Medical
School until 1S43, when he received the degree of
Doctor of Medicine from that University. After the
completion of his medical course at Harvard he

m'CH EDWARU OLIVER

went to Paris where his studies were concluded and
returned to engage in practice in Boston, where he
resided for the rest of his life. When the Boston
City Hospital was established (1864), he was
selected as one of the Visiting Physicians, and con-
tinued as such until 1872. From 1S60 to 1870 he
occupied the post of Instructor in Materia Medica
in the Harvard Medical School. From 1856-1860
he was Secretary of the Boston Society for Medical
Improvement, and was corresponding member of the
Medical Chirurgical Society of Glasgow, Scotland.;
was a member of the Massachusetts Medical Society
and the Massachusetts Historical Society. In col-
laboration with Dr. Morlaml he translated Chomel's
treatise on General Pathology, and he edite<l the

Boston Medical and Surgical Journal from i860 to
1864. Dr. Oliver died December 8, 1892. The
degree of Master of Arts was conferred upon him
by Dartmouth, and Trinity College (Hartford), the
latter in i860. He was married, July 17, 1866, to
Susan Lawrence, daughter of the Rev. Charles
Mason of Boston, and the six children of this union
are residents of that city.

WELD, William Fletcher, 1855-1893.

Born in 1855; graduated at Harvard, 1876; Commo-
dore of the Eastern Yacht Club ; founded the Weld
Professorship of Law at Harvard; also donated large
sums of money to Harvard ; died, 1893.

WILLIAM FLETCHER WELD was a Bene-
factor of Harvard whose name is per-
petuated by the Weld Professorship in the Law
Department of the University. A young man at the
time of his death (he was only thirty-eight), he gave
in 1883 for the establishment of a Professorship the
sum of $90,000 besides giving in 1883,^1 0,000 to the
Observatory at Harvard, a worthy supplement to his
grandfather's gift of Weld Hall. Commodore Weld,
as the younger benefactor was most commonly called,
was graduated from Harvard in the same Class with
Robert H. Gardiner, Rockwood Hoar, Francis C.
Lowell and Colonel John T. Wheelwright. During
his College course he was an enthusiastic and liberal
supporter of all the College traditions, and after his
graduation he kept always a careful eye on the needs
of the LJniversity. Of ample wealth and generous
disposition, he believed that the best use he could
make of his fortune w'as to spend it freely and
judiciously. He travelled extensively and collected
a great number of costly works of art. His title of
Commodore he gained from the Eastern Yacht
Club, of which he was one of the most enthusiastic
members, being the owner of the famous schooner-
yacht " Gitana," in which he and his family made
many voyages in American, Mediterranean and West
Indian waters. He was always an ardent lover of
outdoor sports and exercises, and during his College
career distinguished himself by his work in sculling
matches, class regattas and other sports. For some
years previous to his death he was in poor health,
being threatened with paralysis. The immediate
cause of his death, which occurred January 8, 1893,
was heart failure, superinduced by a sharp attack of
diphtheria. Mr. \\'c\d founded a Professorship in
the Law School in 1883, but the name of the founder

4o8

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

was cuncealed until his dentil. Ilv his will the
University received also an unrestricted bequest
of $100,000.

LOCKE, George Herbert, 1870-

Born at Beamsville, Ontario, Canada, 1870; educated
at the public schools of Toronto, the Brampton and
Collingwood Institutes, Victoria College, the University
of Toronto, and at the Ontario College of Pedagogy ;
Instructor in Classics at Victoria College : Fellow in
Pedagogy at the University of Chicago; Instructor in
the History and Art of Teaching at Harvard.

GEORGE HERBERT LOCKE, A.M., In-
structor at Harvard, was born at Beamsville,
Ontario, Canada, March 29, 1S70. His father is Rev.

G. H. LOCKE

Joseph Henderson Locke, who came to Canada from
the County Armagh, Ireland, and who has been fur
some thirty-five years a clergyman in the Canadian
Methodist Church. His mother is Elizabeth Grant
Mackay of Gaelic ancestry. Mr. Locke after pass-
ing through the public schools of Toronto and the
Brampton and Collingwood Collegiate Institutes,
matriculated with honors at Victoria College, Uni-
versity of Toronto in 1SS9. He received his Bach-
elor of .^rts degree in 1.S93 with honors in Classics,
and was appointed Instructor in Classics in his a/ma
mater. He resigned his Instructorship to attend

the Ontario College of Pedagogy, from which he
graduated in 1S96. In the same year he received
the degree of Master of Arts from the University of
Toronto. He then went to the University of Chi-
cago where he was appointed Fellow in Pedagogy,
and in 1 89 7 was called to Harvard as Instructor in
the History and .\rt of Teaching.

LAMSON, Alvan, 1792-1864.

Born in Weston, Mass., 1792 ; graduated at Harvard,
1814 ; Tutor at Bowdoin ; studied at Harvard Divinity
School ; Pastor of Church in Dedham, Mass., 1818-
j85o; Overseer of Harvard, 1833-1852; a writer of
ability; died, 1864.

ALVAN LAMSON, S.T.D., Overseer of Har-
vard, was born in ^^'eston, Massachusetts,
November iS, 1792. He took his Bachelor's
degree at Harvard in 18 14, and in the following
year the same degree was conferred upon him by
Ilowdoin, where he acted as a Tutor, prior to
entering the Harvard Divinity School. Completing
his theological studies in 1817, he was in the
ensuing year ordained to the Pastorship of the First
Church in Dedham, Massachusetts, and continued
his ministerial labors with that society for forty-two
years or until within four years of his death, which
occurred July 17, 1864. Dr. Lamson received the
degree of Master of Arts from Harvard in course,
was made Doctor of Divinity in 1837, and served
as an Overseer of the College from 1833 to 1852.
He was a member of the Massachusetts Historical
Society. Besides his published sermons and contri-
butions to the Christian Examiner, he was the
author of: History of the First Church in Dedham ;
and the Church of the First Three Centuries.

POTTER, William Henry, 1856-

Born in Boston, Mass., 1856; educated at the Rox-
bury Latin School, the Academic, Medical and Dental
Departments of Harvard ; Demonstrator of Operative
Dentistry in the Dental School, 1887-88; and Lecturer
upon Operative Dentistry since i8go.

WILLIAM HENRY POTTER, A.B., D.M.D.,
Lecturer at the Harvard Dental School,
was born in Boston, Massachusetts, June 20, 1856,
son of Silas and Caroline D. (.'Mien) Potter. From
the Roxbury Latin School he entered Harvard,
receiving his degree of Bachelor of Arts with the
Class of 187S, was a student in the Medical School
for two years, and subsequently pursued the regular
course at the Harvard Dental School, graduating

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

409

with the degree of Doctor of Dental Medicine in
1885. In 1SS7-1S88 he served as Demonstrator of
Operative Dentistry in the Harvard Dental School,
and was appointed to a Lectureship there in 1890.
Dr. Potter holds membership in the Harvard Odon-
tological Society, and the American Academy of
Dental Science, in both of which he takes an active
interest, and he is an associate member of the
Odontological Society of New York. In politics
Dr. Potter is a Republican, confining his activity to
voting at the caucuses and at the polls. He married
on June 21, 1893, Mary Louise Allen, and they have
one son, Allen Potter, born August 12, 1S95.

man of wealth, became the agent of Thompson iS:
Foreman, the largest rail manufocturers in Great
liritain at that time ; and Mr. Welil as their agent
supplied most of the rails for all railroad enterprises.
Mr. Weld was a believer in railroads running East
and West with a broad gauge and was willing to
furnish money for every new enterprise of the kind,
thus becoming connected with most of the railroads
built at that time. Mr. Weld owed a large part of
his fortune to his farsightedness and public spirit.
He was one of the Directors of the New York Cen-
tral in its early days. It was largely through his

WELD, William Fletcher, 1800-1881.

Born in Boston, Mass., 1800; became a merchant in
Boston ; interested in railroads and real estate ; built
and gave a home in connection with the Children's
Hospital in Philadelphia ; built and donated Weld Hall
at Harvard ; died at Philadelphia, Pa,, 1881.

WILLIAM FLETCHER WELD, Benefactor
of Harvard, was born in Boston in April,
1800, son of William Gordon and Hannah Minot
Weld. The Welds were Puritans of Dorsetshire,
England, whence Captain Joseph Weld came to New
England in 1632 or 1633. He became one of the
leading merchants of Boston and one of the first
benefactors of Harvard, in which the family was
almost continually represented. Being a military
man. Captain Weld was at service in the Train-band
of the Colony and was given a grant of land in 1636,
long known in later years as the Bussey Farm, where
for six generations the Weld family lived. William
was the eldest of eleven children, eight of whom
were boys. At the age of fifteen, owing to the death
of his father and the slimness of the family purse,
he was obliged to give up the idea of going to Har-
vard, and went to work as a clerk in the largest im-
porting house in Boston. At the age of twenty-two
he started in business for himself, but he took in a
partner whose ideas were broader than the firm's
capital and the business failed. Subsequently, how-
ever, he re-entered mercantile life, retrieved his for-
tune, and paid his creditors, who had legally released
him, dollar for dollar. The firm of William F. Weld
& Company became known as the most extensive
ship-owning concern in New England at that time,
being the builders of the famous Senator, the
largest merchantman afloat in those days, ^\'hen
the building of railroads commenced in this country,
Mr. Weld, at that time being a large ship-owner and

\VM. F. WELD

instrumentality that the Boston & Maine Railroad
was in 1844 built into Boston. In 1862 he retired
from business with an ample fortune and from that
time confined his attention almost exclusively to
acquiring real-estate and to building enterprises.
He stipulated in his will that his Executors and
Trustees should employ his fortune in a similar way.
A substantial monument of the love of Mr. Weld
for his brother, and of his friendship to Harvard
University, is Weld Hall, built in 1871-1872 at a cost
of $97,000, in memory of Ste])hen Minot Weld, of
the Class of 1826. During his later years he gave
much to charity, building a liome in connection with
the Children's Hospital in Philadelphia, building
Weld Hail himself. He died September 12, 18S1.

4IO

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

ANDERSON, William Gilbert, 1860-

Born in St. Joseph, Mich., i860; entered Amherst,
1878; University of Wisconsin. 1879; graduated in
medicine, Western Reserve College, Cleveland, O,
1883 ; practised medicine two years in Columbus, O.;
appointed Instructor in Hygiene at the Northwest
Medical College, 1884; in Minor Surgery, Medical
College, Toledo. O., the same year; Instructor in
Physical Training at Adelphi Academy, 1885; Cha-
tauqua University 1886 and Associate Director of that
Department Yale, 1892

WILLIAM GILBERT ANDERSON, M.D.,
Associate Director of Physical Training
at Yale, was born in St. Josepli, I\lichig:\n, Sep-

WILLI.^M G. ANDERSON

tember 9, i860. He is the son of Edward and
Harriet Flora (Shumway) Anderson, and grandson
of the Rev. Rufus Anderson, D.D., LL.D., late
Secretary of the y\merican Board of Foreign Mis-
sions. Having pursued his preliminary studies in
various places, including the High School, Quincy,
Illinois, and the Roxbury Latin School, Boston,
Massachusetts, he began his College training in
1878 at Amherst, from which he entered the
University of Wisconsin, where he remained two
years, and after teaching school in Clayton, Illi-
nois, for some time he matriculated at the Medical
Department of Western Reserve, Cleveland, Ohio,
graduating in 1883. He practised his profession
in Columbus, Ohio, for two years, at the expira-

tion of which time lie relinquished it in order to
take up as a specialty the work of physical train-
ing in which he has been interested either activel)'
or otherwise ever since he was ten years old. In
1 884 he accepted the appointment of Instructor
in Hygiene at the Northwest Medical College, and
the same year that of Instructor in Minor Surgery
at the Medical College Toledo, Ohio. In 1885 he
was chosen Instructor of Physical Training at the
Adelphi Academy, entered the same Department
at the Chatauqua University in the following year,
and in 1892 was called to the post of Associate
Director of Physical Training at ^'ale, which he
still retains. Dr. Anderson is a member of the
Chi Psi Society, the American and New York
Societies of Anthropometry, New York .Academy
of Science ; Secretary and Treasurer of the Amer-
ican Association for the Advancement of Physical
Education ; President of the Connecticut Society
of Physical Education and the .Anderson Norrnal
School of Gymnastics ; Dean of the Chatauqua
School of Physical Education and member of a
number of medical associations. In 1882 he mar-
ried (Irace L. Phillips and has one son ; \Mlliam
Lawrence Anderson. In his special line of work.
Dr. Anderson has become widely and favorably
known both as a teacher and a writer and he is the
author of: Illustrated Primer of Physical Education;
Gymnastic Training for Boys, in Our Youth, a series
of five articles ; Special Gymnastic Training for
Diseases in Gymnasium ; Light (^lymnastics, two
hundred and thirty-four pages, two hundred and six
illustrations ; Relation of Physical Training to Tem-
perance, for the Temperance Encyclopaedia ; Gym-
nastic Training for Public School Children, in the
Popular Educator ; Form in Gymnastics, in Physical
Education ; Pedagogy of Gymnastics, and Gym-
nastic Lessons for Connecticut Public Schools.

BAILEY, Mark, 1827-

Born in Dunbarton, N. H., 1827; graduated at Dart-
mouth, 1849: studied elocution under Professor Wil-
liam Russell, of Reed's Ferry, N. H ; taught in New
York City, at Andover, Union and Princeton Theo-
logical Seminaries, Franklin College, Athens, Ga., and
Dartmouth ; Instructor in Oratory and Shakespearian
Reading at Yale continuously since 1855; author of
several works relative to his specialty.

MARK BAILEY, M.A., Instructor in Elocu-
tion at Yale, was born in Dunbarton,
New Hampshire, May 20, t827, son of Oliver and
Jane Fulton (Mills) Bailey. He is of English and

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

4ti

Scotch ancestry. From the Pembroke (New School, New York: made Instructor in Rhetoric at

Hampshire) Academy, he entered Dartmouth. Yale 1895 and now Assistant Professor of that study ;

' ,• , , author of several meritorious works and a contributor

graduating in 1849, and subsequently studied elo- ,„ the contemporary reviews.
culiiin with Professor William Russell, of Reed's

MARK IIAILEY

Ferry, that state. He was for some time an asso-
ciate of Rev. Francis T. Russell, a well-known
teacher of elocution in New York, and he later
filled Instructorships in the Andover, Union and
Princeton Theological Seminaries, at Franklin Col-
lege, Athens, Georgia, and at Dartmouth. In 1855
he was called to the Department of Elocution at
Yale, where he has taught continuously for more
than forty years. His duties include oratorical
speaking and Shakespearian reading, and lecturing
on forensic eloquence in the Law School. He is
author of : An Introductory Treatise on Elocution,
and Essentials of Reading. Politically he is a
Republican. On September 29, 1S53, Mr. Bailey
married Lucy B. Ward, of North Brookfield, Massa-
chusetts. They have had three children : Gene-
vieve B., and \Vard, who are living, and Paul
Bailey, deceased.

BALDWIN, Charles Sears, 1867-

Born in New York City, 1867 : graduated at Co-
lumbia, 1888 winning honors each year of his course ;
Assistant there 1888-90 : Tutor until 1892 and Instructor
until 1895 ; also taught in Barnard College and the Reed

GHAl
A.

iRLKS SE.-VRS BALDWIN, A.M., Ph.D.,
.Assistant Professor of Rhetoric at Yale, was
born in New York City, March 21, 1867, son of
John Sears and Martha Jeannette (Church) Bald-
win. His grandfather, Sears Baldwin, son of John,
resided originally at Lake Mahopac, Westchester
county, New York, from whence he moved to Guil-
ford, Connecticut, and later to New York City.
He married Catherine Burrell of Kingston, New
York, the maiden name of whose mother was Susan
Ostrander. His maternal grandparents were William
and Sarah (Sylvester) Church, natives of \\'ood-
stock, Oxfordshire, England, who settled in New
York City. Having studied the rudimentary
branches in the public schools of Plainfield, New
Jersey, he advanced by attending the Pingry School
at Elizabeth, same state, and was prepared for College
in the former place under the direction of John
Leal, a Yale graduate. Entering Columbia (Class
of 1 888) he at once advanced to a liigh rank in

CHARLES SEARS BALDWIN

scholarship, taking the Freshman, Sophomore and
Junior prizes for proficiency in Greek ; received a
tutorial fellowship in English at graduation, and his
Master's degree the following year. He acted as

412

UNIVERSITIES JND THEIR SONS

an Assistant in English at Colinnbia till 1890, when
he became Tutor in Rhetoric, and in 1S93 was ap-
pointed Instructor in tliat study, remaining at the
College until he was summoned to Yale in 1895.
He also taught in Barnard College, the women's
department of Columbia, and at Mrs. Reed's
School, New York. Dr. Baldwin is a member of
the Phi Beta Kappa Society, the Modern Language
Association of America, and the Graduates' Club,
New Haven. He is the author of: Inflections and
Syntax of Malory's Morte d'Arthur, which won for
him the degree of Doctor of Philosophy from Co-
lumbia in 1 S94 ; Specimens of Prose Description ;
an edition of DeQuincey's Revolt of the Tartars for
Longman's iMiglish Classic Series ; the Expository
Paragraph and Sentence ; several reviews of text-
books ; and contributions to the Educational Re-
view, and Modern Language Notes. On September
20, 1894, he married Agnes (Barnard, 1894)
daughter of Colonel Richard B. and Charlotte
(Martin) Irwin. Mrs. Baldwin died January 14,
1897, leaving one son, John Sears Baldwin, Jr.,
born in New Haven, July 25, 1896.

BALDWIN, Simeon Eben, 1840-

Born in New Haven, Conn., 1840; educated at Hop-
kins Grammar School and Yale, graduating in 1861 ;
pursued legal studies at the Yale and Harvard Law
Schools; admitted to the Bar 1863; practised in New
Haven till 1893 ; Instructor in Yale Law School, i86g-
72; taught Constitutional Law in the College, 1871-80;
chosen Professor in the Law Department, 1872; and
appointed Justice of the Supreme Court of Errors, 1893.

SIMEON EBEN BALDWIN, LL.D., Law Pro-
fessor at Yale, was born in New Haven,
Connecticut, February 5, 1840, son of Roger Sher-
man and Emily (Perkins) Baldwin. His father,
who was a graduate of Yale (iSir), served as Gov-
ernor of Connecticut and United States Senator.
His grandfather, Simeon Baldwin (Yale 1781), was
Judge of the State Superior and Supreme Court of
Errors. Roger Sherman, signer of the Declaration
of Independence, was his great-grandfather, and
President Clap of Yale was his great-great-grand-
father. Entering Yale from the Hopkins Grammar
School he was graduated with the Class of 1861,
and his legal stu<lies were pursued in the Law
Departments of Yale and Harvard. He graduated
from the latter in 1863, and was admitted to the Bar
in New Haven in the same year. Opening an office
in his native city he rapidly acquired a large general

law business, and continued in active practice for
thirty years or until 1893. In 1869 he was called
to the Yale Law School as an Instructor, taught
constitutional law in the Academic Department
from 187 I to 18S0, and has held a Professorship in
the Law School continuously from 1872 to the
present time. In 1872 he served upon a Board of
Commissioners to revise the educational Laws ; was
a member of similar boards for the revision of the
general statutes 1873-1874; on simplifying legal
procedure 187S-1879 ; and on methods of taxation
1885-1887; was in 1893 appointed an Associate

SIMEON E. BALDWIN^

Justice of the State Supreme Court of Errors, and
still retains his seat upon the Bench. Judge Bald-
win was President of the New Haven Colony His-
torical Society from 1884 to 1896, of the American
Bar .Association in 1 890, and of the American Social
Science Association in 1897 ; is a member of the
American Antiquarian Society, the International
Law Association and several other organizations.
He was married, October 19, 1865 to Susan Win-
chester of Boston ; they have two children : Roger
Sherman (Yale 1890) and Helen Harriet Baldwin.
Judge Baldwin was made a Doctor of Laws by
Harvard in 1S91. He is the author of : Baldwin's
Digest of Connecticut Reports, and contributions to
the transactions of the .-Xmerican Bar .Association,

UNIFERSrriF.S JND TIIKlIi SONS

413

American Social Science Association, American
Historical Association, and New Haven Colony
Historical Society ; the Ohio, Tennessee and Georgia
Bar Associations ; to the New Englander American
Law Register, London Law Quarterly, Yale Law
Journal, the Revue du Droit Public, and other
periodicals ; also of Baldwin's Illustrated Cases on
Railroad Law, and Modern Political Institutions.

BEECHER, Charles Emerson, 1856-

Born in Dunkirk, N. Y., 1856; graduated at the Uni-
versity of Michigan, 1878: Assistant in the New York
State Museum, 1878-88; Assistant and Instructor in
Paleontology at Yale, 1888-91 ; Assistant Professor
1892-97 ; now Professor of Historical Geology ; Curator
of Geological Department and Trustee of the Peabody
Museum; member of the Governing Board, Sheffield
Scientific School, 1867; author of an extensive biblio-
graphy relative to science.

CHARLES EMERSON BEECHER, Ph.D.,
Professor of Historical Geology at Yale,
was born in Dunkirk, New York, October 9, 1856,
son of Moses (1827-1894) and Emily Eliza
Downer (1831- ) Beecher. He is a descendant
in the fifth generation of Joseph Beecher, ist; a
great-grandson of Moses Beecher, ist; who con-
structed the first town clock in New Haven, which
was placed in the tower of Yale College, and a
grandson of Moses 2d and Lydia (Downer) Beecher,
both of whom were born in Connecticut in 1791,
the former in Hartford and the latter in Southington.
On the maternal side he is a descendant in the
seventh generation of Joseph 1 )owner, through the
latter's son Andrew ist, Andrew 2d and Sarah
(Lascelles) Downer; Andrew 3d (1 726— 1819) and
Mary (Brown) Downer, the latter of whom died in
1S09; Zaccheus (1755-1850, a Revolutionary sol-
dier) and Bethiah (lirigham) Downer, wlio died in
1S38; and .\ndrew Otis (1796-1S76) and P^sther
Gorton (I'".merson) Downer, his maternal grand-
parents, the latter of whom died in 1881. Cliarles
Emerson Beecher acquired his early education in
the public antl private schools of Warren Pennsyl-
vania, and his field studies in geology and natural
history date from the age of ten years. Graduating
from the I'nivcrsity of Michigan in 1878 with tlie
degree of Bachelor of Science, he was for the suc-
ceeding ten years an .Assistant in the New York
State Museum, and upon the New York State
Geological Survey, and during the ensuing year
(1888-1S89) was Consulting Paleontologist. In
i888 he was apnointed .Assistant Instructor in the

last named subject at Yale, was made Assistant Pro-
fessor in 1892, and in 1897 was appointed to the
Chair of Historical Geology, wiiich he now occujiies.
Lie also joined the Board of Governors of the Siief-
field Scientific School in 1S97, and is now Cura-
tor of the Geological Department in the Peabody
Museum. . Professor Beecher is Associate Editor
of the .American Geologist and the American Nat-
turalist. He is a member of the National Academy
of Sciences, American Association of Conchologisls,
Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, the
Geological Society of Washington, the Boston So-

CH.-iS. E. BEECHER

ciety of Natural History, the Malacological Society
of London and the Sigma Xi of New Haven; a
non-resident member of the .Albany Institute and
.Ann Arbor Scientific .Association ; and an honorary
member of the Dana Natural History Society of
Albany and the Berzelius Society of New Haven,
also a fellow of the Geological Society of America.
In 1SS9 he was made a Doctor of Philosophy by
Yale. On September 12, 1S94 Professor Beeclur
married Mary Salome Galligan, and has one daugh-
ter : Emily Salome Beecher, born .August 3, 1895.
His bibliography consisting of nearly fifty papers
relative to his sjiecial line of work, has been con-
tributed to scientific periodical literature, and the
transactions of the various scientific bodies with

414

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

which he is connected, and some of his more re-
cent articles are : The Systematic Position of the
Trilobites, The Development of the Brachiopoda,
The Origin and Significance of Spines, A Study in
Evolution. His published works are chiefly on the
structure, development and classification of the
Brachiopoda and Trilobita.

BUCKLAND, Edward Grant, 1866-

Born in Buffalo, N. Y., 1866; graduated at Wash-
burn College, Kan., 1887 and the Yale Law School
1889; Managing Clerk law firm of Townsend & Wat-
rous, 1889-91 ; admitted to partnership the latter year;
Instructor in the Yale Law Department, 1891-95; As-
sistant Professor Law of Evidence ; Instructor of
Elementary Law in the Academic Department. 1895-
98, now Attorney for N. Y , N, H. & H. R. R. Co. for
Rhode Island.

EDW.VRD GR.AN r BUCKL.\ND, M..\., LL.B.,
Assistant Law Professor at Yale, was born
in Buffalo, New York, December 31, 1866, son of

EDWARD G. BUCKL.\ND

Andrew Jackson and Julia Ann (Turner) Buckland.
He is of English origin and on the paternal side a
descendant of William Buckland, who came from
England in 1634 to Boston and Rehoboth, Massa-
chusetts, went from Rehoboth, to Hartford, Con-
necticut, and thence to Windsor, same state, in

1636; and his grandparents were Hiram and
Harriet (Grant) Buckland, who were born in the
last named town, the former in the year 1800. His
maternal grandparents were Chester P. and Caroline
(Lum) Turner, the former of whom was originally
of Hartford and later of Poughkeepsie, New York,
and the latter was born in Seneca Falls, same state.
Edward Grant Buckland went from the public
schools of Bufifcilo to those of Great Bend, Kansas.
He was fitted for his collegiate course in the Pre-
paratory Department of Washburn College, Topeka,
Kansas; was graduated at Washburn in 1887, and
at the Yale Law School in 1889 with the degree of
Bachelor of Laws. Inheriting from his ancestors
those sterling qualities of industry and thrift charac-
teristic of his New England origin, even the severest
kind of manual labor was not a barrier between him
and an honest livelihood, and prior to beginning his
preparatory studies he had worked upon a farm and
in a brick yard ; as clerk in a cotnitry store and
post-office ; as a cattle-driver in Western Kansas ;
did clerical work in the Registry of Deeds and
Clerk's Office of Barton county, Kansas, in the vaca-
tion season during his College course. While a
student at the Law School he entered the Law Office
of Townsend & Watrous, New Haven, as stenographer
and clerk ; was advanced to the position of manag-
ing clerk, was admitted to partnership in r8gT
(having become a member of the Bar) and upon
the appointment of the Senior partner, William K.
Townsend as Judge of the United States Circuit
Court, the firm name was changed to Watrous &
Buckland. In 1891 he acted as Instructor of Quiz
Clubs at the Yale Law School, and was Instructor in
Contract Law until 1S95, when he was appointed
Assistant Professor of the Law of Evidence, and the
same year became Instructor of Elementary Law
in the .Academic Department. In 1898 having been
appointed attorney for the New York, New Haven &
Hartford Railroad Company for the State of Rhode
Island he resigned from the Yale faculty, dissolved
partnership and moved to Providence, Rhode Island,
where he now resides. In politics he is a Republi-
can. He was one of the organizers of the Naval
Battalion, Connecticut National Guard and was
commissioned Ensign in the First Division in 1893,
Junior Lieutenant in 1894, Lieutenant-Commander
in March 1896, Commander in December of the
same year and served as such until 1898. Professor
Buckland is a member of Phi Beta Kappa, Phi
Delta Phi, and of Corbey Court, (Yale Law School),
the Graduates' and Young Men's Republican Clubs

UNIVERSITIES JND THEIR SONS

415

of New Haven and the I'niversity Clnb of New
York t;ity. Vale conferred upon him the degree of
Master of Arts, in 1S65. He married Sally Tyler
Clark, daughter of fharles Peter Clark and Caroline
(Tyler) Clark of New Haven on June 21, 1.S98.

CLARKE, Samuel Fessenden, 1P51

Born in Geneva, 111., 1851 ; Assistant Instructor at
the Sheffield Scientific School, 1874-76; graduated
there, 1878; Assistant to the United States Fish Com-
mission, 1874-76; Assistant Instructor at the Johns
Hopkins University. 1879-81; Lecturer on Biology at
Smith College, 1882; Professor of Natural History at
Williams the same year.

SAMUEL FP:SSENUEN CLARKE, Ph.D., As-
sistant Instructor at the Sheffield Scientific
School of Yale from 1874 to 1876, was born in

/■

the degree of Bachelor of Philosophy in 1878. Dur-
ing the years 1874 and 1875 he devoted some time
assisting the United States Fish Commission, and in
1876 was appointed Fellow in Biology, and in 1879
Assistant Instructor in Biology at Johns Hopkins, re-
maining there until 1881. He accepted the Lec-
tureship of Biology at Smith in 1882, and the same
year was chosen Professor of Natural History at
Williams. The degree of Doctor of Philosophy was
conferred upon him by Johns Hopkins in 1879, and
that of Master of Arts by Williams in 189 1. He is
a member of the American Society of Naturalists,
the American Morphological Society and the Na-
tional Arts Club of New Y'ork, also a fellow of the
American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and mem-
ber of the St. Botolph and LIniversity Clubs, Boston.
Professor Clarke has published numerous scientific
articles relating principally to hydroids, of the At-
lantic and Pacific coasts and Alaska ; the develop-
ment of the Ambylstoma punctatum ; and the
embryology of the .American .Mligator. He was
married April 5, 1893, to Elizabeth Lawrence of
Newton Centre, Massachusetts; they have one
daughter, Elizabeth Lawrence Clarke, born Sep-
tember 3, 1894.

"^*i

S. F. CL.4RKE

Geneva, Illinois, June 4, 1851, son of Samuel Nye
and Polly Hooper (Patten) Clarke. His paternal
grandfather, Fessenden Clarke of Boston, was of the
seventh generation from Thomas Clarke of Ply-
mouth, who according to " a well-received tradition
in early Colonial days, was mate of the Mayflower."
Entering the Sheffield Scientific School of Y'ale as a
student, he served as Assistant Instructor in Zoology
there from 1874 to 1876, and was graduated with

FERRIS, Harry Burr, 1865-

Born in Sound Beach, Conn., 1865; early education
Stamford High School; A.B. Yale, 1887; M.D. Yale
Medical School, 1890; New Haven Hospital Interne
for a year and a half after graduation ; practising
physician, 1891-93; Instructor in Anatomy Yale Medi-
cal School, iSgi; Assistant Professor, 1892-95; Pro-
fessor, 1895-

HARRY BURR FERRIS, M.D., Professor of
Anatomy in the Yale Medical School, was
born May 21, 1865, at Sound Beach, Connecticut,
son of Samuel Holmes and Mary Florilla (Clark)
Ferris. His paternal ancestor Jeffere Ferris, was
the first settler of Greenwich, Connecticut, 1640.
It is stated that the original ancestors of the Ferris
family came over to England with William the Con-
queror. His early education was acquired at the
Stamford High School, and he graduated from Yale
in 1887. He took the degree of Doctor of Medicine
in the Yale Medical School in 1890 ; was Interne in
the New Haven Hospital for a year and a half, and
served as Physician in the New Haven Dispensary
for two years. Dr. Ferris practised medicine for
two years after his appointment as Instructor in .An-
atomy in the Yale Medical School in 1 89 1 . In 1 89 2
he was made Assistant Professor, and in 1895 full

4i6

UNIVERSiriES AND THEIR SONS

Professor. He has been Vice-President of the New
Haven Medical Society ; he is a member of the
American Society of Naturalists, of the Association
of American Anatomists, of the American Morpho-
logical Society, the American Microscopical Society,
The Connecticut State Medical Society, of the New
Haven County and city Medical Societies, of Phi

H. B. FERRIS

Beta Kappa, Sigma Psi and the Graduates' Club.
He was married June 23, 1892 to Helen Whiting
Ferris, and has one daughter : Helen Millington
Ferris, and one son.

.American Revolution. Abiel Holmes pursued his
classical and theological studies at Yale completing
the former in 1783, and while a student of divinity
acted as a Tutor in the College. His first Pastorate
was at Midway, (jeorgia, where he remained six
years. .Vccepting a call to the First Parish in Cam-
bridge, Massachusetts in 1792, he occupied the
pulpit of that church for forty years, until 1832.
He was the literary executor of President Ezra
Stiles, of Vale, whose daughter he married for his
first wife and his second wife was a daughter of
Oliver Wendell. Dr. Holmes died in Cambridge,
June 4, 1S37. He was made a Master of Arts by
Vale in course, and by Harvard in 1792, received
from Edinburgh University the degree of Doctor of
Divinity in 1805, and that of Doctor of Laws was
conferred upon him by Alleghany in 1822. He de-
livered a course of lectures upon ecclesiastical his-
tory in 1S17, and besides contributing to the
Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society,
was the author of the Life of Ezra Stiles, and Annals
of America, a standard work. His family consisted
of five children, among wliom was the famous poet,
and versatile writer, Oliver \\'endell Holmes.

HOLMES, Abiel, 1763-1837.

Born in Woodstock, Conn., 1763; graduated at Yale,
1783; Tutor there while studying theology; began his
ministerial labors in Georgia ; Pastor of the First
Parish, Cambridge, Mass.. 1792-1832; literary executor
of President Ezra Stiles; author, lecturer and the
father of Oliver Wendell Holmes ; died in Cambridge,
Mass , 1837.

ABIEL HOLMES, D.D., LL.D., Tutor at Vale,
was born in Woodstock, Connecticut,
December 24, 1763. He was a son of Dr. David
Holmes and a great-grandson of John Holmes, who
settled in Woodstock in 1686. His father was a
Captain in the British Army during the French War,
and a Surgeon in the Continental Army during the

KREIDER, David Albert, 1871-

Born at Annville, Penn., 1871 ; early education at
Annville public schools; A.B. Lebanon Valley College
1892; Ph.D. Yale, 1895; Laboratory Assistant Yale,
1893-95: Assistant in Chemistry, 1895-96; Instructor
in Physics, i8g6-

D.\\l\) ALBERT KREIDER, Ph.D., In-
structor at Vale, was born in .Annville,
Pennsylvania, March 23, i87i,son of Joseph Henry
and Anna Catherine (Boiler) Kreider. He is of
German ancestry, although his grandfather David,
was born in Pennsylvania. On his mother's side he
descends from Jacob Ehrenzellar, of St. Gallen,
Switzerland. His early education was acquired in
the public schools of his native place, and he took
the tlegrees of Bachelor of Arts at the Lebanon
Valley College in 1892, and Doctor of Philosophy
from Vale in 1895. While at College, he taught in the
New Haven evening public schools for three years,
during the last of which he was Assistant Principal.
He was Laboratory .Assistant in Chemistry from
1893 to 1895, when he became .Assistant in Chemis-
try. The year later he was made Instructor in Physics
in the Sloane Laboratory at Yale. He is a Republi-
can in politics and also a member of the Connecticut
Academy of .Arts and Sciences and a member of the

UNirERsrriES and their sons

417

Sigma Xi Society. He was married June 27, 1.S95,
to Anna Rutli Forney. Mr. Kreider has publislied
a number of papers on scientific subjects in the
American Journal of Science, the Zeitschrift fiir
Anorganische Chemie and in the Chemical News,
London, among others: Detection of Allcaline
Perchlorates .Associated with Clilorides, Chlorates
and Nitrates ; Generation of Chlorine for Laboratory
Purposes: Mineralogical Notes; Preparation of
Perchloric Acid and its Application to the Deter-
mination of Potassium ; Notes on Convenient Forms
of Laboratory Apparatus ; Quantitative Determina-

and English literature at Yale 1839 until his death;
Editor of the New Englander 1854-55; died 1862.

WII.IJAM AUGUSTUS LARNKD, M.A.,
Professor of Rhetoric and English Liter-
ature at Vale, was born in 'I'hompson, Connecticut,
June 23, 1S06. His Bachelor's and Master's de-
grees were taken at Yale, the former in 1826,
and the two years succeeding his graduation were
devoted to teaching in Salisbury, North Carolina.
After holding a Tutorship at Yale for three years
he studied theology and was called to the Pas-
torship of a church in Millbury, Massachusetts,
which impaired health conipelled him to resign
during the following year. In eonipany willi the
Rev. Dr. Nathanial S. S. Benian he established a
Theological School in Troy, New York, where he
taught Hebrew and Greek until the discontinuance
of the school in 1839, and accepting a call in the
same year to the Chair of Rhetoric and English
Literature at Yale, previously occupied by Chaun-
cey A. Goodrich, he retained that Professorship until
his death, which uc( \irred February 3, r862. Dur-
ing the years 1S54 and 1S55 Professor Lamed
edited the New Englander, to which he contributed
for a number of years, and he jjrepared an an-
notated edition of the Oration of Demosthenes on
the Crown. His name is commemorated at Yale by
the Lamed Professorship, a name given to the Pro-
fessorship of .American History at its foundation in
1877, in recognition of a partial endowment received
from the estate of Professor Lamed's widow.

D. ALBERT KREIDER

tion of Perchlorates ; Separation and Identification
of Potassium and Sodium ; Determination of Oxygen
in Air and in .Aqueous Solution ; the Relation be-
tween Structural and Magneto-Optic Rotation ; A
Method for the Detection and Separation of Dextro
and Lsevo Rotating Crystals, with some Observa-
tions upon the Growth and Properties of Crystals of
Sodium Chlorate.

LARNED. William Augustus, 1806-1862.

Born in Thompson, Conn., 1806: graduated at Yale
1826; Tutor there 1828-31 : Pastor of a church in Mill-
bury, Mass., 1834 ; taught Hebrew and Greek at a theo-
logical school in Troy, N. Y.. Professor of Rhetoric
VOL. II. — 27

NICHOLS, William Wallace, 1860-

Born in New York City, i860: student in Colorado
College of Colorado Springs, Colorado ; graduated in
science at Yale. 1884; employed by C. B. & Q. R. R ,
as Assistant Engineer of Tests, Master Mechanic
and Superintendent of Telegraph; Superintendent of
Chicago Telephone Co.; Instructor in Mechanical
Engineering at Yale.

WILLIAM WALL.ACE NICHOLS, M.E.,
Instructor at Yale, son of Edward Erastus
and Ann Maria Mc.Auley Nichols, was born in New
York City, November 17, iS6o. (ioing West at an
early age he received preparation for College at
Colorado College. From here he entered the
Sheffield Scientific School of Yale, where he gradu-
ated in 1884. Resolved to turn his scientific train-
ing to practical use Mr. Nichols took a position in
the " Bee Line " shops, at Cleveland, Ohio, and
later in the Testing Department of the Chicago,

4i8

UNIJ'ERSiriES AND THEIR SONS

Biirlingttiii &
appoiiiuiieiit
the year uf i
Mechanic of

Qiiiiicy Railroad receiving (i<SS7) the 1S72, son of C'harles John and Sarah Jacinthia
as Assistant Engineer of Tests. During ('I'little) Rice. His first .\merican ancestor on the
<SS7 and 1.S8S, he was Assistant Master paternal si le came from England about the period
the Chicago Division of the Railroad, of the Revolutionary War, settling in Concord, New

Hampshire, and on the maternal side he is a
descendant of William 'I'uttle, who came over in the
" Mayflower," and also of the 'I'uttle who was one of
the early settlers in the New- Haven C'olony. (Gradu-
ating at the Hillhouse High School, New Haven, in
1 89 1, he entered the Scientific Department of Yale,
where he took a three years' course in electrical
engineering, and previous to graduating he acquired
considerable practical experience as an electrician
in the shops of the West Haven Electric Railroad,
and as an engineer on some of the extensions.
From 1S94 to 1896 he was employed as an
electrical engineer by White, Crosby & Company
of New York City, but returned to Yale in the
latter year as Assistant in the Electrical Engineering
Department of the .Sheffield Scientific School, and
is at iirescnt doing post-graduate work with a \iew
of taking the ilegree of Doctor of l^hilosophy.
While an undergraduate, Mr. Rice was one of the

W. \V. NICHOLS

and during the next two years he acted as Superin-
tendent of 'I'elegraph. From 1890 to 1893 he was
S'lperintenderjt of the Chicago Telephone Company
which position he resigned in the folk)wing year to
accept the appointment as Instructor of Mechanical
Engineering in the Scientific Department of Yale.
Mr. Nichols is a member of the Berzelius Society,
the Sigma Xi Society, the Graduates' Club of Yale,
American Society of Mechanical Engineers and other
professional clubs and associations. He married,
April 6, 1896, Mary Elizabeth Hill, by whom he has
had a daughter, Marion Nichols.

RICE, Chauncey Brewster, 1872-

Born in New Haven, Conn., 1872; graduated at the
Hillhouse High School, that city, lEgi ; at the Sheffield
Scientific School of Yale, 1894; employed as an engi-
neer by the West Haven Electric R. R Co. while a
student and afterward in New York City; is now
Assistant in the Electrical Engineering Department,
Sheffield Scientific School.

CHAUNCEY BREW^STER RICE, Ph. P..,
Assistant in Electrical Engineering at Yale,
was born in New Haven, Connecticut, March 14,

CHAlXNCEy B. RICE

leading members of the crack athletic team, winning
a number of prizes as a pole-vaulter, among them
the coveted Yale trophy known as the Y. He was
formerly a member of the New York Athletic Club.

UNIVERSiriES JND THEIR SONS

419

PARKER, Horatio William, 1863-

Born in Auburndale, Mass., 1863; educated in New-
ton, Mass.; studied music at the Boston Conservatory
and in Munich under Rheinberger ; took charge of
the Musical Department of St. Paul's and St. Mary's
Schools, Garden City, Long Island, 1885; Organist
and Choir Master at St Andrew's Church, Harlem, N.
Y., 1885-87 ; at Church of the Holy Trinity, N. Y. City,
1887-93; and at Trinity Church, Boston, since May
1893; Professor of Music at Yale the past five years;
organist and composer of recognized ability.

HOR.Vrid WILLI.AM P.\RKER, M..\., Pro-
fessor of Music at Vale, was born in Auburn-
dale, a village of Newton, Massachusetts, September
15, 1863, son of Cliarles Kdwanl and Isabella
Grahame (Jennings) Parker. His paternal grand-
parents were Elijah and Sally (Hall) Parker of
Keene, New Hampshire, the latter a daughter of
the Rev. Aaron Hall, who served as a Chaplain
under General Washington during the Revolution-
ary War, and liis maternal grandparents were the
Rev. John anil Susan Cornelis (Keyes) Jennings.
His early education was acquireil chiefly at Miss
Spear's School in Newton. His musical studies
were pursued at the New England Conservatory
under the direction of special teacliers, and com-
pleted at the Royal Music School, Munich, from
which he was graduated in July 1SS5. During his
residence in the last-named cily he was the favorite
pupil of the celebrated organist and composer,
Joseph Rheinberger, who selected him to execute
the organ part at the initial of the First Organ Con-
certo, with orchestral accompaniment (Opus 137)
in the spring of 1SS5. Shortly after his return from
Europe Mr. Parker was secured to direct the Musi-
cal Departments at St. Paul's and St. Mary's Schools,
Garden City, Long Island. He was Organist and
Choir Master at St. Andrew's Church, Harlem, New
York, from 18S5 to 18S7, occupied the same posi-
tion at the Church of the Holy Trinity, New York
City, from the latter year to 1893, and in May of
that year was at the suggestion of the Rev. Dr.
Donald, selected to preside at the organ and over a
large choir at Trinity Church, Boston, where the
musical portion of the service is invariably of a high
order. In 1894 he was summoned to the I'attell
Professorship of Music at Vale, receiving from the
University the degree of Master of Arts the same
year, and it has been truthfully said that he is now.
rendering to the University a service similar to that
already accomplished by Professor Paine at Harvard
in the line of musical culture. He organized an
orchestra in New Haven under the auspices of the

Universit)'. in 1894, which has done increasingly
creditable work from year to ye;ir. Professor Parker
is a member of the St. liotolph and Tavern Clubs,
Poston, and the GnuhKUes' Club, New Haven. He
resides in New H:iven but spends three days of each
week in Boston attending to his duties as teacher
and director in that city. On A\igust 9, 1886, he
married .\nna Ploessl, of Munich; they have three
daughters: Charlotte Frances, born June 17, 1S87 ;
Isabel, born February 20, 1S94; and Grace, born
September 14, 1895. Professor I'arker's more am-
bitious compositions number about forty-four, the

H. W. P.ARKKR

latest of which is St. Christopher, a dramatic ora-
torio given for the first time in New York, April 15,
i8g8. His musical setting to St. Bernard's ancient
poem, Hora Novissima, completed in December
1S92, is regarded as his greatest effort and bids fair
to become standard among moilern choral works.
Hora Novissima was originally performed by the
Holy 'Prinity Choral Society, New York, later (twice)
by the Handel and Haydn Society, Boston, and at
the Worcester (Massachusetts) festival, twice, and in
Cincinnati, Detroit, Chicago and many other cities
and is to be given at the annual musical festival at
^Vorcester, England, September 14, 1899. P'our
editions have been published by Novello, Ewer
&Co.

420

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

ANDERSON, Henry James, 1799-1875.

Born in N. Y. City, 1799; graduated at Columbia,
1818 ; studied medicine and graduated from the College
of Physicians and Surgeons, 1823; Professor of Math-
ematics and Astronomy at Columbia ; acted as Geolo-
gist to the Dead Sea Expedition ; Trustee of Columbia ;
made " Emeritus" Professor of Mathematics and As-
tronomy at Columbia ; received the LL.D. degree from
Columbia. 1850 ; President of the Society of St. Vincent
de Paul; one of the originators of the Catholic Union
and one of the founders of the Catholic Protectory in
Westchester, N. Y.; died at Lahore, India, 1875.

HENRY JAMES ANDERSON, M.D, LL.D.,
Professor in Columbia, and subsequently
" Emeritus " rrofessor and a Trustee of lliat in-
stitution, was born in New York City, February 6,
1799; died in Lahore, India, October ig, 1S75.
He was a graduate of Columbia with the highest
lienors in iSiS, and enttring upon tlie study of
medicine, graduated from the College of Physicians
and Surgeons in 1823. He devoted much time to
mathematical investigations, and in 1825 was ap-
pointed Professor of Mathematics and Astronomy
in Columbia, which position he filled successfully
for many years. He resigned his chair to go
abroad, hoping that the liealth of his wife would be
restored by foreign travel, a hope which he was not
destined to realize. In France he became intimately
acquainted with the astronomer Arago, and about
the same time became a convert to the Catholic
faith. He spent many years in wanilering over
Europe, Asia and Africa, and during a visit to the
Holy Land he acted as (leologist to the Dead Sea
Expedition under Lieutenant Lynch, the results of
which were published by the United States Govern-
ment. The honorary degree of Doctor of Laws
was conferred on him by Columbia in 1850. He
was elected a '1 rustee of Columbia in 1851, and was
made "Emeritus" Professor of Mathematics and
Astronomy in 1866. In 1S74 he was one of the
company of Americans that made a pilgrimage to
Lourdes, France, and was received by Pope Pius IX.
with marks of special favor. He then joined as
a volunteer the .American scientific expedition sent
out to observe the transit of Venus, and procuring
the necessary instruments at his own expense, pro-
ceeded to .\ustralia. On his return he visited India,
and while exploring the Himalayas was stricken
with the malady which caused his death. Pro-
fessor Anderson was active and prominent in ad-
vancing the interests of the Catholic Church in
New York ; he was for many years President of
the Society of St. Vincent de Paul, was one of the

originators of the Catholic Union, and was also one
of the Founders of the Catholic Protectory in
Westchester, New York.

BROCKWAY, Fred John, 1860-

Born in South Sutton, N. H., i860 ; fitted for College
at Tilton, (N. H.) Seminary; one year at Boston Uni-
versity; entered Yale 1879, graduating, 1882; M.D.
College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia,
1887; on the house staffs of various New York Hos-
pitals, 1887-94; Assistant Demonstrator of Anatomy at
the College of Physicians and Surgeons since 1890 ;
Secretary of the Faculty in the College of Physicians
and Surgeons in 1893.

FRED JOHN BROCKWAY, M.D., Secretary
of the Faculty in the College of Physicians
and Surgeons (Columbia), was born in South Sut-

FRED J. BROCKWAY

ton. New Hampshire, February 24, i860. Through
his father, John G. Prockway, he was descended
from some of the first settlers of Lyme, Connecticut,
the family having come there from England about
1640. His early education was received in the dis-
trict schools of his native place and at a private
school near there, and he fitted for College in the
Seminary at Tilton, New Hampshire. He taught
school for some time and took his Freshman year
at the Boston University. He entered the Sopho-
more class of Yale in 1S79, graduating three years

UNU'EKSiriES AND THEIR SONS

421

later with the degree of llaclielor of Arts. During
the following two years he was a teaclier in Rings
Preparatory School of Stamford, Connecticut. In
1884 he came to New York and studied medicine
at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, gradu-
ating in 1887. Shortly after his graduation he was
appointed on the Surgical Staff of Roosevelt Hos])i-
tal and remained there until May 1889. From May

1889 to October 1890, he held the position of
House Surgeon of Johns Hopkins Hospital. In

1890 he became Assistant Surgeon at Roosevelt
Dispensary, and in the same year was appointed
Assistant Demonstrator of Anatomy in the Medical
Department of Columbia (the College of Physicians
and Surgeons). He married, November 23, 1891,
Marion L. Turner. They have two children : Marion
and Dorothy Brockway. Dr. Brockway is a member
of a large number of clubs and professional societies,
among them the Yale Alumni Association, the New
York Athletic Club, New England Society, Roose-
velt Alumni Association, West End Medical Society,
County Medical Society, and a fellow of the New
York Academy of Medicine.

BUCK, Albert Henry, 1842-

Born in N. Y. City. 1842; A.B. Yale. 1864; MD,
College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia, 1867;
house physician of New York Hospital, i868-6g ;
studied otology in Heidelberg, 1869-70; and Vienna,
i8;o; practising otologist since 1870; Attending Aural
Surgeon, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, 1871-83;
Consulting Aural Surgeon since 1S83: Consulting
Aural Surgeon in the Presbyterian Hospital since
1892 ; Clinical Professor of the Diseases of the Ear in
the Medical Department of Columbia since 1887.

ALBERT HENRY BUCK, M.D., Clinic.il
Professor of the Diseases of the Ear at
Columbia, was born in New York City, October
20, 1S42. Through his father, Gurdon Buck, he
was descended from one of the earliest settlers of
Wethersfield, Connecticut. The family is also con-
nected with John Winthrop, first Governor of Mas-
sachusetts, and with Gurdon Saltonstall, one of the
early governors of Connecticut. Gurdon Buck
married Henrietta Wolff, daughter of .Albert Henri
Wolff, of Geneva, Switzerland. Albert H. Buck re-
ceived his early education in Europe, partly in
Geneva, Switzerland, and partly in Halle, Prussian
Saxony. He graduated from Yale with the degree
of Bachelor of Arts in 1864, and coming to New
York, studied medicine at the College of Physicians
and Surgeons in that city, now the Medical Depart-

ment of Columbia, t:iking his degree in 1867.
During the following two years he served on the
Staff of the New York Hospital as Junior Walker,
Senior Walker and House Physician. In 1869 he
went abroad and spent the ensuing twelve months
in the study of otology at Heidelberg, under
Professors Helmholtz, Julius .Arnold and Moos,
and at Vienna under Professors Politzer, Gruber
and Strieker. He returned to America in 1S70 and
entered upon practice as a specialist in otology.
In the following year he was made one of the
Attending Aural Surgeons at the New York Eye

ALBERT H. ISUCK

and Ear Infirmary; in iN.Sj he was appointed
Consulting Aural Surgeon in the same institution,
and his connection with it has continued since that
time. For the past six years he has also been Con-
sulting Aural Surgeon in the Presbyterian Hospital.
In 1887 Dr. Buck was tendered and accepted the
Clinical Professorship of the Diseases of the I'lar in
the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia,
which position he still holds. He is a member and
past President of tlie American Otological Society
and of the New York Otological Society. Dr.
Buck is the author of: A Treatise on Diseases of
the Ivir, now in a thinl edition ; First Principles
of Otology (1899), and numerous s])ecial articles
in different mediial journals. He was the Editor

422

UNIVERSITIES JND THEIR SONS

of the English edition of Ziemssen's Cyclopedia of
Medicine ; of the Reference Handbook of the
Medical Sciences ; of Strieker's Histology ; and of
Ziegler's C.eneral Pathology (eighth and ninth
editions). Dr. Buck is a member of the Century
Club of New York City. He married, in 187 1,
Laura S., (laughter of the Rev. John S. C. Abbott,
the author. They have two children : Winifred and
Harold Winthrop Buck.

CHASE, George, 1843-

Born in Portland, Me., 1849: graduate of Yale, 1870
and of the Columbia Law School, 1873; Assistant Pro-
fessor of Municipal Law, Columbia, 1874-78 ; Professor
of Criminal Law, Torts and Procedure, 1878-91 ; mem-
ber of the University Council, 1890-91 ; Dean of the
New York Law School, N. Y. City, from 1891.

GI^URC;!': CHASK, A.i;., LL.B., member of
the Faculty of the Columbia Law School
for eighteen years, and afterwards Dean of the
New York Law School, was born in Portland,
Maine, December 29, 1849. He entered Yale in
his seventeenth year, taking and maintaining a high
stand in scholarship and graduating in 1870 as
valedictorian of his class. He pursued the study of
law at Columbia, receiving from that LIniversity the
degree of Bachelor of Laws in 1873. The following
year, 1874, Mr. Chase became associated in the
educational work of Columbia, being made .Assistant
Professor of Municip il Law in the school in which
he had studied. Serving in this capacity for four
years, he was in 1S78 promoted to the Chair of
Criminal Law, Torts and Procedure, which position
he filled until his resignation in 1891. In the year
1 890-1 89 1, he was one of the members of the
University Council representing the Faculty of Law.
In 1 89 1 the New York Law School was chartered
through his efforts and he was chosen as its Dean,
which position he still holds. Professor Chase has
published the American Students' Blackstone, edited
the Ready Legal Adviser and an edition of Stephens'
Digest of the Law of Evidence.

CARPENTER, William Henry, 1853-

Born in Utica, New York, 1853; entered Cornell in
the Class of 1878 ; that year went to Germany, taking
there, at the University of Freiburg in Baden, the
degree of PhD,, 1881 ; also studied for some time in
Denmark and Iceland : Fellow by courtesy at Johns
Hopkins University, 1881-83: Instructor in Rhetoric
and Lecturer on North European Literature at Cornell,

1883; Instructor in German and Scandinavian Lan-
guages at Columbia, 1883-89; Assistant Professor in
Germanic Languages and Literatures, 1889-90 ; Adjunct
Professor, 1890-94; Professor of Germanic Philology,
1894: on the death of Professor H. H. Boyesen in
1895, was placed at the head of the Germanic
Department.

WILLIAM HENRY CARPENTER, Ph.D.,
Professor of Germanic Philology at
Columbia, was born in L'tica, New York, July 15,
1S53. His father, William Penn Carpenter, was a
member of a family which has long been promi-
nent in the Quaker connection in this country.
Zeno Carpenter, born in 1762 and third in ascent

WiM. H. CARPENTER

from William Henry, was a noted Quaker preacher
during the closing years of the eighteenth century.
\Villiam Henry Carpenter attended the public
schools of his native place and later the Utica
Free Academy. After a short interval in business
he entered Cornell in the Class of 1878. Shortly
thereafter he went to Germany to study, and in 1S81
received the degree of Doctor of Philosojihy from
the University of Freiburg, Baden. A part of the
time spent abroad was devoted to study in Den-
mark and Iceland, where the summer and winter
of 1 8 79-1 880 were passed. Returning to America
in 1 88 1, Dr. Carpenter was courtesy Fellow at
Johns Hopkins University during the following two

UNIJ'F.RsrriES ./\D THEIR SONS

4^3

years. In ihc lalU'r year lie was teiuU-rcd ami ac-
cepted an appointment as Instructor in Rhetoric
and Lecturer on North luiropean Literature at
Cornell, and in the same year came to Columbia
as Instructor in C.erman and Scandinavian Lan-
guages. At this lime (July 2, 1SS4) occurred his
marriage to Anna Morgan Douglass of Utica. They
have three children. Professor Carpenter con-
tiinu-d at Colmubia as Inslrurtor until 1S89, when
he was advanced tj the Assistant I'rofessorship in
Germanic Languages anil Literatures. The follow-
ing year saw his appointment as .Adjunct Professor.
In 1S94 he was called to the Chair of Cjermanic
Philology. On the death of Professor Hjalmar
Hjorth Boyesen in 1895 he was made head of
the Ciermanic Department of the University. He
is a member of the .'\merican Philological Society,
the Xcw York Academy of Sciences, and the
.•\uthors' Club of New York Citv.

CLARK, John Bates, 1847-

Born in Providence, R. I., 1857; studied at Brown
for two years ; Amtierst for two years, graduating in
1872; studied abroad at Heidelberg University for one
and a half years and at Zurich University one-half
year ; Professor of Political Economy and History,
Carleton (Minnesota) College, 1877-81 ; Professor of
History and Political Science at Smith College, 1882-
93; Professor of Political Economy at Amherst, ifgz-gs ;
Lecturer on Political Economy, Johns Hopkins. 1852-^4 ;
Professor of Political Economy at Columbia since i?93.

JOHN BATLS CLARK, Ph.D., LL.D., Professor
of Political L.conomy at Columbia, was born
in Providence, Rhode Island, January 26, 1S47.
His parents were John Hezekiah Clark, a well-known
manufacturer of Providence, and Charlotte Stod-
dard Huntington, a granddaughter of General
Jedediah Huntington of New London, Connecticut.
He received his early education in the jjublic schools
of his native place. In 1865 he entered Brown,
spending two years in study there, and later entered
Amherst. During an interval of absence from this
College he engaged in the manufacture of ploughs,
and was one of the founders of the Monitor Plow
Company, of Minneapolis, Minnesota. He retired
from active business in 1871, and returned to
Amherst, graduating in 1872. He then went abroad
and studied for a year and a half at the I'niversity
of Hei<lelberg, for a term at the ITniversity of
Zurich, and for a short period in Paris. He re-
turned to .'\nierica in 1S75 and, two years later,
became Professor of Political Economy at Carleton

College. He retained this position for four years,
and then came to Massachusetts to lake the Pro-
fessorship of History and Political Science at Smith
College. He was with Smith in this capacity for
eleven years, until, in 1893, he was made Professor
of Political I'',conomy at Amherst College. From

1892 to 1894 he was also Lecturer on Political
Economy at Johns Hopkins. He left .\mherst in
1895 to take a Chair of Political Economy at Co-
lumbia, and has since been in charge of the de]xirt-
ment of Economic Theory of the University. In

1893 and also in 1894 he was elected President of

JOHN BATES CLARK

the American Economic .Association. Professor
Clark has written a number of monographs and
articles on economic subjects, and a book — '1 he
Philosophy of Wealth — which presents new theories.
He also published in collaboration with Professor
F. H. Giddings, The Modern Distributive I'rocess,
and is now about to publish a second work on
Distribution. He is a member of the Century and
P.arnard Clubs. Professor Clark married, Septem-
ber 28, 1875, Myra .Mmeda Smith of Minneapolis.
They have four children, three girls and a boy.

GUSHING, Harry Alonzo, 1870-

Born in Lynn, Mass. 1870; prepared for College at
the Boston Latin School; A.B. (Amherst) Class of

424

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

1891; A.M. (Columbia) 1894; University Fellow in His-
tory at Columbia, 1894-95, and Lecturer on History
there, 1895-96; received the degree of Ph.D. from Co-
lumbia in 1896, and shortly thereafter was appointed
Tutor in History ; author of works on American
History.

.\RRV .\LUNZO CUSIII.NG, I'li.D., Tutor
in History at Columbia, a son of Alvin
IvHrttiiew and Elizabetli Pearsons Cashing, was born
at Lynn, Massaclnisetts, in 1870. He is descended
in direct line from Matthew Cashing, who was one
of the first settlers at what is now Hingham, Massa-
chusetts, in 1638. Mr. Cashing received his early

H. A. GUSHING

education and prepared for College at the High
School of Holyoke, Massachasetts, and the Boston
Latin School. He entered .Amherst College in
1888, graduating with the degree of Bachelor of
Arts in 1891. He was University Fellow in History
at Columbia, 1894- 1895, and Lecturer on History
there in 1S95-1896. In 1896 Columbia conferred
upon him the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, and
this was shortly followed by appointment as Tutor
in History. He is still engaged in educational
work at Columbia. Mr. Cashing has published,
besides articles for various periodicals, a History
of the Transition from Provincial to Commonwealth
Government in ALissachusetts, and a PLstory of

King's College in the Revolution. He is a member
of the Reform Club of the City of New York, and
also of the American Historical Association.

CURTIS, John Green, 1844-

Born in New York City, 1844; A.B. Harvard, 1866;
A.M. Harvard 1869; graduate of the College of Physi-
cians and Surgeons of Columbia University, 1870 ; on the
House Staff of Bellevue Hospital, 1869-70; Assistant
Demonstrator of Anatomy, College of Physicians and
Surgeons, 1870-71 ; Demonstrator of Anatomy, 1871-75 ;
Adjunct Lecturer on Physiology, 1875-76; Adjunct
Professor of Physiology, 1876-83 ; Professor of Physi-
ology since 1883; Secretary of the Faculty, 1876-90;
member of the University Council of Columbia Uni-
versity as delegate from the Faculty of Medicine, 1895.

JOHN GREEN CURTIS, A.M., M.D., Profes-
sor of Physiology at Columbia, was born in
the City of New York, October 29, 1844. Through
his father, the late George Curtis, he is a descendant
of Ephraim Curtis, the first settler of Worcester,
Massachusetts. The wife of George Curtis was a
daughter of Samuel \Villard Bridgham of Providence,
Rhode Island. John Green Curtis received his
early education and fitted for College under the
direction of private tutors and in private schools of
the City of New York. He graduated from Har-
vard with the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1866
and returned to New York to study medicine at the
College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia.
Harvard conferred upon him the degree of IMaster
of Arts in 1S69 and a year later he was graduated
from Columbia Medical School. He served on the
House Staff of Bellevue Hospital during the last
year of his course, and immediately on its completion
was made Assistant Demonstrator of Anatomy at the
College. A year later he was made Demonstrator
of Anatomy, and his connection with the institution
has continued ever since. In 1875 Dr. Curtis be-
came .Adjunct Lecturer on Physiology there and in
1876 was made Adjunct Professor of Physiology.
He held this latter position until 1883, when he was
called to the Chair of Physiology, which he still
occupies. He was Secretary of the Faculty of the
College of Physicians and Surgeons from 1876 until
1890, and since 1895 has been a member of the
University Council of Columbia as delegate from
the Faculty of Medicine. He was also connected
with Bellevue Hospital as Attending Surgeon from
1876 to 1881. Dr. Curtis married, October 20,
1874, INIartha McCook Davis, daughter of the late

UNIFERSiriES AND THEIR SONS

4-5

Daniel McCook of Ohio. Mrs. C'unis died Janunry Egbert lias also done considerable work as an

24, 1896, leaving no chiklren. Dr. Curlis is a author and writer on scientific subjects. He has

member of the Century and Harvard Clubs of New edited Macmillan's Shorter Latin Course, Cicero's De

York City and a numbrr of scientific and profes- Senectutc in the Macmillan's l'".lenientary Classics

sional organizations, among them the Medical Series, and has written an lntroduc:tion to the Study

Societies of the State and County of New York, of Latin Inscriptions, publislicd by the American

respectively, the New York Medical and Surgical Book Company in this country, and by hangmans,

Society, the .Vmerican Physiological Society and Green & Company in I'.ngland. 'J'his last work is

the New York Academy of Sciences.

EGBERT, James Chidester, Jr., 1859-

Born in New York City, 1859; early education at
private schools and one year at New York City Col-
lege ; graduate of Columbia, 1881 ; received degree of
A.M., 1882 ; held prize Fellowship in Classical Philol-
ogy at Columbia, 1882-85; Ph.D., (Columbia) 1884;
Assistant in Greek at Columbia, 1885-87; Tutor in
Latin, 1888; Instructor in Latin, i8gi ; Adjunct Pro-
fessor of Latin, 1895-

JAM1-:S CHIDESTER EGBERT, Ph.D., Adjunct
Professor of Latin at Columbia, was born in
New York City, May 3, 1859. His father, the Rev.
J. C. Egbert, D.D., was Pastor of the First Presby-
terian Church of West Hoboken for forty-two years,
and was made "Emeritus" Pastor in 1897. The
first of the family to come to this country was
James ICgbert, who left Hanover in 1650. Louisa
Drew Egbert, the mother of the subject of this
sketch, is descended from a family resident in
Nantucket since Colonial times. James C. I'^gbert,
Jr., attended a private school in \Vest Hoboken
until thirteen years of age, after which he studied
in a New York City public school for some time.
He took the introductory year at the College of
the City of New York, and then entered Columbia,
taking the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1881, and
that of Master of Arts one year later. He was for
a brief period a student at the University of Berlin,
Germany, and from 1882 to 1885 held the Prize
Fellowship in Classical Philology at Columbia. In
1884 the University conferred upon him the degree
of Doctor of Philosophy. Since the age of eighteen
he has been engaged in teaching Greek and Latin,
and this continued through his college course, until
1SS3. On the expiration of his Fellowship in 1885
he was associated with the late Dr. Drisler as
Assistant in Greek at the University. In 1888
he became Tutor in Latin, and held this post until
1 89 1, when he was appointed Instructor in Latin.
In 1895 he was promoted to Adjunct Professor, and
holds this Professorshi]) at present. Professor

largely used in this comitry, and in the .American
School of Classical Studies at Rome. He has also
written a number of monograplis, among them the
Equestrian Cursus Honorum — Preliminary Military

JAMES C. EGBERT, JR

Service, and some of the articles in Harper's Dic-
tionary of Classical Literature and Antiquities, and
at the present time is correspondent in Roman
Epigraphy of the American Journal of Arclia;o]ogy.
In 18S4 he married lunraa Gross Pennington.
They have three children. Professor I^gbert is a
member of the American Philological .Association,
and of the Phi Beta Kappa Society, Delta Chapter,
also member of the Managing Committee of the
American School of Classical Studies at Rome.
Since 1883 he has been Secretary and Treasurer of
the Phi Beta Kappa Alumni in New York. He is
likewise a member of the Board of p;dncation of
Jersey City. In politics he is an independent
Republican.

426

UNIVERSITIES AND rUEIR SONS

HAMLIN, Alfred Dwight Foster, 1855-

Born in Constantinople, Turkey, 1855 : fitted for Col-
lege at Robert College, Constantinople ; graduate of
Amherst, 1875; Massachusetts Institute of Tech-
nology, (Course in Architecture) 1876-77; Ecole des
Beaux Arts, Paris (Architectural Courses) 1878-81;
Special Assistant, Columbia College School of Mines,
Department of Architecture, 1883-87; Instructor in
Architecture there, 1887-89; Assistant Professor, 1889-
gi ; Adjunct Professor, 1891- ; also engaged in active
practice for some time ; member of Brooklyn Institute
of Arts and Sciences since 1889; author; Chairman of
Educational Committee, 23d Street Branch of New
York y. M. C. A., since 1894.

ALI'Rl'lD DWIGIIT FOSTER HAMLIN,
A.M., Adjunct Professor of .'Architecture at
Columbia, was born in Constantinople, Turkey, Sep-

A. D. F. HAMLIN

Alfred IJ. ¥. Hamlin was educated in private schools
in Constantinople, antl in the preparatory classes at
Robert College; he entered Amherst in 187 1 and
gr.aduated in the Class of 1S75. ,'\fter a year's
service as a teacher in the Worcester High School
he took the course in Architecture at the Massachu-
setts Institute of Technology. One year more was
spent in teaching — at Farmington, Connecticut —
and he then went to Paris for the architectural
courses at the Ecole des Beaux Arts. Returning to
.America in November 1S81 he spent a year in the
office of McKim, Mead & White. In the following
year he was made Special Assistant in the Depart-
ment of .Architecture of the Schools of Mines of
Columbia. He received the degree of Master of
Arts at .'Amherst in 18S5 and two years later was
made Instructor in Architecture at Columbia. In
1889 came his ])romotion to .Assistant Professor,
and since 1S90 he has been Adjunct Professor there.
During a part of this time he has also been engaged
in the active practice of architecture, and has re-
peatedly been employed as expert for the conduct
and award of important architectural competitions.
He was selected to write the History of .Architecture
in Van Dyke's College Series of Histories of Art in
1896 and has contributed extensively to the archi-
tectural and technical magazines of the United
States. Professor Hamlin has been actively identi-
fied with Young Men's Christian .'Association work,
in which he is deeply interested, since 1893 and has
been Chainnan of the Educational Committee of the
23d Street Branch of the New York City Association
since March 1894. He is a member of the Archi-
tectural League of New York and of the Brooklyn
Institute of Arts and Sciences. He was married,
June 4, 1885, to Minnie Florence Marston of Hart-
ford, Connecticut. They have four children, two
boys and two girls. Professor Hamlin is an Inde-
pendent in politics, with Republican affiliations.

tember 5. 1855. His father, Cyrus Hamlin of
Waterford, Maine, was descended from French
Huguenots who emigrated to England during the
reign of Henry lA'. to escape persecution. The first
representatives of the family in America came to
Massachusetts about 1650. The elder Hamlin was
for thirty-five years a missionary and educator in
Turkey, and one of the results of his earnest effort
in the field was the founding of Robert College at
Constantinople, of which he was the first President.
He returned to America in 1873 and was for five
years President of Middlebiiry College in Vermont.

JOHNSON, Woolsey, 1842-1887.

Born in New York City, 1842 ; educated at Prince-
ton, Albany and Columbia, graduating from the Medi-
cal Department of the latter, 1863: spent three years
at the Universities of Europe ; Medical Lecturer at
Columbia, 1869-1870; Surgeon to the Eye and Ear
Infirmary and Consulting Physician at the N. Y.
Hospital; Health Commissioner of New York City,
1881-1887; died, 1887.

WOOLSEY JOHN.SON, M.D., Medical Lec-
turer at Colimibia, was born in New York
City, February 8, 1S42. He is a descendant of

UNIVERSITIES AND tHEIR SONS

427

Robert Johnson, an Englishman who settled at New Languages ami Literatures there. On the expiration
Haven, Connecticut, in 1637. His great-great- of his fellowship, he went abroad and spent a year
grandfather. Rev. Samuel Jolinson, was the first perfecting himself in his chosen work as a student
President of King's College, and his great-grand- at the University of Leii)zig. On his return to
father, \\'iliiam Samuel Johnson, first I'nited States America he was tendered and accepted an appoint-
Senator from Connecticut, was President of that ment as Tutor in the Ciermanic Languages and
seat of learning from 17S7 to iSoo. Woolsey Literatures at ("olumbia, and was also appointed
Johnson took his Bachelor's and Master's degrees to the same office at Barnard College, botli of
at Princeton, the former in i860 and the latter which positions he has since filled. He has been
three years later. After a year of study at the engaged for some time on a critical study of tiic
Albany Medical School he entered the College of Old Norse Jomsvikinga Saga, the results of which
Physicians and Surgeons, from which he was grad- will shortly be presented to Columbia as a disserta-
uated in 1S63, and devoted three years more to
perfecting his professional preparations, pursuing
courses in London, Paris. Berlin and \'ienna. His
practice was confined to the American metropolis,
where for some years he was Surgeon at the Eye
and Ear Infirmary, and Consulting Physician at the
New York Hospital and in 1869 and 1870 he lec-
tured on Laryngoscopy and Diseases of the Larynx
at the Medical Department of Columbia. Receiv-
ing from Mayor Grace the a]ipointment of Health
Commissioner for the City of New York in 18S1,
he served in that capacity until the year of his
death, which occurred June 21, 1887, and he had
accomplished much progress in improving the
sanitary conditions of the city.

HERVEY, William Addison, 1870-

Born at Rossville, Staten Island, 1870; fitted for Col-
lege privately ; Graduate of School of Arts of Columbia
(A.B.) 1893; graduate student at Columbia, 1893-94;
A.M., Columbia, 1894; University Fellow in Germanic
Languages and Literatures at Columbia, 1894-5;
student at the University of Leipzig, 1896 ; Tutor in
Germanic Languages and Literatures at Columbia,
since 1896 ; has held same position at Barnard College
since 1896.

WILLIAM ADDISON HERVEY, A.M.,
Tutor at Columbia, was born in the
little town of Rossville, Staten Island, New York,
May 27, 1S70. His father, Edwin .Addison Hervey,
was a well-known jihysician of Staten Islanti. He
received his early education through private tuition
at home, and fitted for College under the guidance
of G. F. Odendall, Ph.D. (Bonn) and others from
1884 to 18S9. In the latter year he entered the
School of .Arts of Columbia, graduating with the de-
gree of Bachelor of Arts in 1893. After a year's
course as a graduate student at Columbia he received
the degree of Master of .Arts, and during the follow-
ing year was L'niversity Fellow in the Germanic

WM. ADDISON HERVKV

tion for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. He
married, March 10, 1896, May Bogert of New York.
They have no children. Mr. Hervey is a member
of the New York Delta of the Phi Beta Kappa
Society, and of two societies connected with liis
profession : the Modern Language Association of
America, and the American Dialect Society. He
is not actively interested in the political questions
of the day.

MILLER, Edmund Howd, 1869-

Born in Fairfield, Conn, 1869; educated at Cutler
School in New York City and Columbia; Ph.B. Co-
lumbia, i8gi, M.A. 1892, Ph.D., 1894; Assistant at
Columbia, 1891-94, Tutor, 1894-97; Instructor, 1897;

428

UNIVERSiriES AND THEIR SONS

author of Text-book on Assaying, etc., and member of
various scientific societies.

ED.MUXl) HOWl) MILLER, Ph.D., Instruc-
tor in .Analytical Chemistry and Assaying at
Columbia, was born in Fairfield, Connecticut, Sep-
tember 12, 1S69. His education was acquired in
New York City, at the Cutler School, and at Colum-
bia, where he took the degree of Bachelor of Phi-
losophy in a course of analytical and applied
chemistry at the School of Mines in 1S91, that
of Master of Arts, in 1S92, and Doctor of Philoso-
phy at the School of Pure Science in 1894. He

a fellow of the Chemical Society of London, and
member of the .\nierican Chemical Society, Society
of Chemical Industry, American Institute of Mining
Engineers and School of Mines .-Mumni .\ssociation.

EDMUND H. MILI.ER

was appointed Assistant in .\ssaying at Columbia in
1 89 1, was made Tutor in Analytical Chemistry and
Assaying in 1894, and became Instructor in the
same in 1897. During his undergraduate course he
made a record in field sports, being anchor of the
Columbia team which won the intercollegiate tug-
of-war championship in 1890 and 1 891, and since
his graduation he has continued his active interest
in athletics, acting on the Columbia College Ath-
letic Union as Vice-President in i8gi and 1892, as
President the following year and as Treasurer in
1893 and 1894. Dr. Miller is the author of a
Text-book on Assaying, and numerous articles on
organic and analytical chemistry and assaying,
published in the Journal of the American Chemical
Society and the School of Mines Quarterly. He is

KEMP, John, 1763-1812.

Born in Scotland, 1763; graduated at the University
of Aberdeen, 1781 ; emigrated to the United States,
1783; Tutor at Columbia, 1785-1786; Professor of Math-
ematics, 1786-1799; Professor of Geography, 1795-99
and of Mathematics and Natural History, 1798-1812;
died, 1812.

JOHN KEMP, LL.D., Professor at Columbia,
was born in Achlossan, Scotland, .April 10,
1763. Graduating from the University of Aber-
deen in i7Si,he emigrated to the United States
two years later locating in Virginia. He subse-
quently settled in New York City, and after acting
as a Tutor at Columbia for a year, joined the Faculty
in 1786 as Professor of Mathematics, and for four
years from 1795 he taught Geography in connection
with his other department. In 1799 he exchanged
the latter study for that of Natural History, which
in addition to Mathematics he continued to teach
for the rest of his life. Professor Kemp was elected
a member of the Royal Society of Edinburgh prior
to his majority. He took a lively interest in public
improvements, was a personal friend of DcWitt
Clinton, by whom his judgment was regarded as
sound and practicable. He declared the proposed
Erie Canal to be a perfectly feasible undertaking
some time before the survey had been completed.

ODELL, George Clinton Densmore, 1866-

Born in Newburgh, N. Y, 1866; Columbia A.B.,
i88g, A.M., 1890, Ph.D., 1893; Instructor Columbia
Grammar School, N. Y., 1892-95; Tutor in Rhetoric at
Columbia, 1895-

GEORGE CLINTON DENSMORE ODELL,
Ph.D., Tutor in Rhetoric at Columbia, was
born in Newburgh, New York, March 19, 1866,
son of Benjamin Barker and Ophelia (Bookstaver)
Odell. The Odells of Westchester county, New
York, are of English descent, and have been settled
there since 1642. Some of them, particularly Col-
onel John Odell, served with distinction in the
Revolutionary War. The mother of Mr. Odell was
a descendant of Colonel James Nicholson of Orange
county. New York, also of Revolutionary fame. His
early education was acquired in the public and pri-
vate schools of Newburgh, and his classical studies

UNIVERSiriES AND THEIR SONS

429

were pursued at Colnnibia, where he graduated as early education ami preparation for College at a
Bachelor of Arts in iSSg, with honors in Greek, private school in his native town, and later at the
Latin, English and Philosophy. He was elected Kenyon Military Academy of Gambier, Ohio. He
class poet, was made Master of Arts in 1890, and entered Harvard in 1891, and while there was par-
ticularly interested in affairs relating to debating
and speaking. He was President of the Harvard
Union, the leading debating society of the Col-
lege, and in his Junior year won one of the Hoylston
jirizes for speaking. In his Senior year he was
one of the team which represented Harvard in
the intercollegiate debate with Yale. He is the
author of several manuals for speakers, among
them P.riefs for Debate, published in 1896 in
collaboration with W. duB. Brookings, which is
a standard manual of briefs and bililiographies for
debaters and literary workers, and Modern Ameri-
can Oratory, issued in 1898. He has also con-
tributed articles to various magazines and periodi-
cals on topics relating to debating and public
speaking. On his graduation from Har\'ard in
1895, Mr. Ringwalt accepted the position of As-
sistant in Rhetoric and English Composition at
Columbia and in Barnard College, the Woman's
Department of the University, and lias held this

G FORGE C. D. ODFXL

took his Doctor of Philosophy degree in 1S93. He
was a Fellow in Letters at Columbia in 1 889-1 891,
and a Fellow in English in 1S92. From 1S92 to
1895 he was Listructor in Greek and Latin in the
Columbia Grammar School, New York City. In
the latter year he was appointed Tutor in Rhetoric
at Columbia and Barnard College, which position
he still fills. Mr. Odell is a member of the Phi
Beta Kappa.

RINGWALT, Ralph Curtis, 1874-

Born in Mount Vernon, Ohio, 1874 ; educated in a pri-
vate school and at Kenyon Military Academy ; graduate
of Harvard, 1895; Assistant in Rhetoric and English
Composition at Columbia and Barnard College.

RALPH CURTIS RINGWALT, Assistant
at Columbia, was born in Mount Vernon,
Ohio, February 19, 1S74. His paternal ancestors
were among the early Dutch settlers of Pennsyl-
vania, from whence his father, John Shaffer Ring-
wait, removed to Ohio. The elder Ringwalt mar-
ried Julia Chamberlain Curtis, of an old Vermont
family. The subject of this sketch received his

RALPH CURrlS RINGWALT

post ever since. He is unmarried. Mr. Ringwalt
is independent in his political views, supporting
the best man irres]iective of party. He is a
member of the Harward Club of New York Citv.

430 UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

SHEPHERD, William Robert, 1871-

Born in Charleston, S. C, 1871 ; graduate of Brook-
lyn public school, 1886; Mohegan Lake School, Peeks-
kill, N. Y., 1889 ; graduate of Columbia, 1893 ; University
Fellow in History, 1893-95; A.M., 1894; Ph.D., 1896;
Instructor in History in a Brooklyn preparatory school,
1895-96; Lecturer in History at Columbia, 1896; de-
livered a course of lectures on the Rise of the Holy
Roman Empire in the School of Political Science there,
1897 ; placed in charge of the instruction in general and
medieval history, undergraduate departments of Co-
lumbia and of Barnard College.

WILLIAM ROBERT SHEPHERD, Ph.D.,
Lecturer at Columbia, was born in
Charleston, South Carolina, June 12, 187 1, son of

WILLUII R. SHEPHERD

College he was President of the Shakespeare Society,
was later elected Vice-President of the Graduate Club,
and was also Editor of the Blue and White, the Col-
lege paper. During his Senior year at College Mr.
Shepherd devoted especial attention to the study
of history and political science, and was appointed
University Fellow in History on his graduation.
He held this fellowship for two years, receiving
the degree of Master of Arts iii 1894 and that of
Doctor of Philosophy in 1896, and during this time
was engaged in the preparation of a History of
Proprietary Government in Pennsylvania which
forms "Volume VI of the Columbia University
Studies in History, Economics and Public Law, and
has been favorably noticed in many of the leading
journals of the country. He is also the author of
an article on the battle of Harlem Heights, which
appeared in the second volume of Historic New
York, and is a regular contributor to the Political
Science Quarterly and the Revue Politique et Parle-
mentaire. On the expiration of his fellowship at
Columbia, Mr. Shepherd worked as instructor in
history in a Brooklyn preparatory school for about
a year, when, in 1896, he was appointed Lecturer
in History at Columbia, delivering during that year
a course of lectures on the rise of the Holy Roman
Empire. He is now in charge of the instruction
in general and mediaeval history in the undergrad-
uate departments of Columbia and Barnard College.
He married, May 22, 1897, Antonie A. Osterndoff
of New Jersey. Mr. Shepherd is a member of the
Phi Beta Kappa Society and of numerous societies
connected with his profession, among them the
American Historical Association, the Long Island
Historical Society and the Academy of PoHtical
Science of New York City. He is a Republican
in politics.

William Shepherd and Leonora Adaline Brown, and
comes of the Shepherd family of middle New York,
which has lived in Saratoga county for over two
hundred years. His mother is a descendant of
Richard Brown, who came from England to Suffolk
county, New York, about 1640. Two of Mrs. Shep-
herd's ancestors. Colonel Benjamin Hawkins and
Lieutenant John Brown, fought for the Colonies in
the War for Independence. Young Shepherd at-
tended the public schools of Brooklyn, graduating
at the age of fifteen in 1886. He took a three
years' preparatory course at the Mohegan Lake
School of Peekskill, New York, and entered
Columbia in 1889, graduating in 1893. While in

TODD, Henry Alfred, 1854-

Born in Woodstock, 111., 1854; graduate of Prince-
ton, 1876, with one of the honor orations in Belles-
lettres and the fellowship in modern languages ; Tutor
at Princeton, 1876-80; studied at the Universities of
Paris, Berlin, Rome and Madrid, 1880-83; Instructor at
Johns Hopkins, 1883; Ph D. (Johns Hopkins) 1885, and
promoted to Associate; Professor of Romance Lan-
guages, Stanford University, 1891 ; Professor of Ro-
mance Philology, Columbia, 1893.

HENRY ALFRED TODD, Ph.D., Professor of
Romance Philology at Columbia, was born
in Woodstock, Ilhnois, March 13, 1854. He is
descended in the seventh generation from John
Todd of Rowley, Massachusetts, 1643, ^ deputy to

UNIl'KRSITIES JND THEIR SONS

431

the Genenil Court of Massacliusetts in 1664 and
later. Henry A. Todd received his early training
and education at the Todd Seminary for Boys, an
institution founded in 1848 by his father, the Rev.
Richard K. Todd (A.M. Princeton 1842). He
entered Princeton, graduating in 1876 with one of
the honor orations in Ik-lles-lettres, and taking the
Fellowship in modern languages. .Simultaneously
with his graduation he was appointed to a Tutorship
af Princeton, which he held for four years, travelling
and studying in Europe during the long vacations.

HENRY ALFRED TODD

Resigning this position in 1S80, he spent three years
of unbroken study abroad at the Universities of
Paris, Berlin, Rome and Madrid. Returning to
America in 1883, he was appointed Instructor in
Johns Hopkins, and two years later received from
that institution the degree of Doctor of Philosophy
and was promoted to .\ssociate. On the organiza-
tion of the Leland Stanford University in 1891, Dr.
Todd was offered and accepted the Professorship of
Romance Languages there, and spent the following
two years in California, where he was President of
the Stanford University Philological Association. In
1893 Professor Todd accepted a call to become the
first incumbent of the newly-created Chair of Ro-
mance Philology in Columbia, which he at present
occupies. He was one of the founders in 1884, and
is still Associate Editor of the Modern Language

Notes and is one of the original members of the
Modern Language Association. His published works
and articles have been numerous. While at Rome
he made interesting discoveries in the manuscript
collections of the Vatican Library, afterwards em-
bodied in a monograi)h entitled Guillaume de Dole.
In Paris he was intrusted with the preparation of an
edition of the Panthere d'.Vmours, a French poetical
work of the thirteenth century, in recognition of
which he was elected a life member of the Early
French Text Society. Other learned societies of
which he is a member are the .\merican Philological
Association, the American Oriental Society, tlie
Dante Society, the American Dialect Society, the
New York Academy of Sciences, and the Metro-
politan Museum of Art. Of social organizations,
he is a member of the Century Club and the Prince-
ton Club of New York, and of the Phi Beta Kappa
fraternity. One of the educational causes which
Professor Todd is at present especially interested
in promoting is that of international co-operation in
the organized cataloguing of scientific literature.
On July 30, 1S93, Professor Todd was married to
Miriam, daughter of the late John S. Oilman, Presi-
dent of the Second National Bank of Baltimore.
They have three children : Lisa Gilnian, Martha
Clover, and Richard Henry Wallingford Todd.

TROWBRIDGE, William Petit, 1828-1892.

Born in Oakland county, Mich., 1828; graduated at
the U. S. Military Academy, 1848; Assistant Professor
of Chemistry at same ; Second Lieut, in the Engineer
Corps; Professor of Mathematics in the University of
Mich. ; took charge of the Engineer office in N. Y. ;
Supt. of construction of the fort at Willett's Point, the
repairs on Fort Schuyler, also the works on Governor's
Island ; Vice-President of the Novelty Iron Works, N.
Y. City ; Professor of Dynamical Engineering at Yale ;
took charge of the Engineering Department of the
School of Mines at Columbia ; while in Conn, he was
Adjutant-General with the rank of Brigadier-General;
received the A.M. degree from Rochester and Yale,
Ph.D. from Princeton and LL.D. from Trinity and the
University of Mich. ; Vice-President of the N. Y.
Academy of Sciences and the American Association
for the Advancement of Science ; member of the
National Academy of Sciences and member of various
other scientific societies ; died in 1892.

WILLIAM P. TROWBRIDGE, Ph.D., LL.D.,
Professor of Mining Engineering at Co-
lumbia, was born in Oakland county, Michigan, May
25, 1828. Entering the Lfnited States Military
Academy, from which he was graduated in 1848,
he acquired distinction as a student by taking first

432

UNIVERSITIES AND TUEIli SONS

rank in his class, and during the last two years of
his course he acted as Assistant I'rofessor of Chemis-
try. After graduating he spent two years in special
study in the Astronomical Observatory at West Point
prcjjaring for the Coast Survey service, and being
commissioned as Second Lieutenant in the Engineer
Corps, was ordered to duty under Alexander D.
Bache in the Primary triangulation of the Coast of
Maine, of which he took charge in 1S53. He was
later engaged in surveying the rivers of Virginia with
a view of improving their facilities for navigation,
surveyed Dutch Gap and recommended the canal
which was subsequently constructed, and was after-
wards sent to the Pacific coast, where he made a
series of tidal and magnetic observations. Resign-
ing his First Lieutenant's commission in the En-
gineers' Corps in 1856 in order to accept the
Professorship of Mathematics in the University of
Michigan, he occupied that chair for a year, and
accepting at the request of Superintendent Baclie a
permanent position as assistant on the Coast Survey,
was for some time occupied in preparing for publi-
cation the results of the Gulf Stream exploration.
During the next few years he was engaged upon
government work in various parts of the country
and prepared a detailed description of the harbors,
inlets and rivers of the Southern coast for use of
the navy. Soon after the outbreak of the Civil
War he was ordered to take charge of the engineer
office in New York, where his duties were both nu-
merous and exacting, and he later superintended
the construction of the fort at Willett's Point, the
repairs on Fort Schuyler, and had charge of the
works on Governor's Island. In 1865 he became
Vice-President of the Novelty Iron Works, New
York City, his duties including the Superintendency
of its shops, and he remained with that concern for
four years. Accepting the Professorship of Dynami-
cal Engineering in the Sheffield Scientific School,
Yale University, he held that chair until 1S76, when
he was called by the Faculty of Columbia to take
charge of the Engineering Department of the School
of Mines. While residing in New Haven, Professor
Trowbridge held several state offices including that
of Adjutant-General with the rank of Brigadier-
General on the Governor's Staff, which he held from
1872 to 1876. The degree of Master of Arts was
conferred upon him by Rochester and Yale, and
that of Doctor of Philosophy by Princeton and that
of Doctor of Laws by Trinity and the University of
Micliigan. He was Vice-President of the New
York Academy of Sciences, and the American Asso-

ciation for the Advancement of Science, presiding
over the section of mechanical science in the last
named body, was in 1878 elected to the National
Academy of Sciences, and was admitted to member-
ship by several other scientific societies. Professor
Trowbridge had contributed much to the literature
of his special calling, and among his published
works are : Proposed Plan for buililing a liridge
Across the East River at Blackwell's Island ; Heat as
a Source of Power ; and Turbine Wheels.

WADE, Herbert Treadwell, 1872-

Born in New York City, 1872; graduated at Columbia
(A.B.) 1893; Assistant in Physics at Columbia, 1893-
l8gg; member New York Academy of Sciences and
other societies.

HERBERT TREADWELL WADE, Assistant
in Physics at Columbia, was born in New
York City, September 2, 1872, son of Daniel Tread-

HERBERT T. WADE

well and Margaret Anna (Munroe) Wade. He is
descended from Jonathan Wade who settled in
Ipswich, Massachusetts, about 1640, also from
Colonel Nathaniel Wade and Colonel Joseph Hodg-
kins of the Revolutionary Army. His early educa-
tion was obtained in J. H. Morse's Private School
in New York City, and at Columbia, where he was
graduated as Bachelor of Arts in 1893. For several

UNIJ'RRSITIES AND TIIFJR SONS

433

years after graduation he officiated as Assistant in
Physics at Columbia. Mr. Wade is a member of
the Phi Beta Kappa, the New York Academy of
Sciences, 'I'he University Athletic Club, the Sons
of the Revolution of the State of New York, and
the Association of the Alumni of Columbia College.
He is unmarried.

VANDEWATER, George Roe, 1854-

Born in Flushing, L. I., 1854 ; fitted for College
at Flushing Institute ; graduate of Cornell, 1874 ;
attended the General Theological Seminary, New
York, 1874-77 ; Rector of Christ Church, Oyster
Bay, L. I., 1876-80; Rector of St. Luke's Church,
Brooklyn, 1880-87; General Missioner for the United
States, 1887-88; Rector of St. Andrew's Church, N. Y.
City, since 1888; Chaplain 23d Regiment, N. G. N. Y.,
1885-88; Chaplain 71st Regiment, N. G. N. Y., 1893-
98; went to the front with the latter regiment and
served through the Santiago campaign in the Spanish-
American War; Trustee of Cornell; Chaplain of Co-
lumbia; Chaplain Seawanhaka Yacht Club; Grand
Chaplain Grand Lodge of Masons in the State of New
York.

Georgp: roe vandewater, d.d.,
Chaplain of Columbia, is the son of John
Titus Van l)e Water and Ellen Bernetta Fowler
Van De Water, and was born in Flushing, Long
Island, April 25, 1854. The family was among the
early Dutch settlers in New Amsterdam, and Jaco-
bus Van De Water, fifth in ascent from the subject
of this article, was Mayor of New York under the
Dutcli in 1662. George R. VanDeWater at-
tended as a boy the high school in his native town
of Flushing, Long Island, and after leaving there in
1865 studied at the Flushing Institute until 1S70,
when he entered Cornell. He graduated from
Cornell in 1874, and immediately entered the Gen-
eral Theological Seminary of the Episcopal Church
in New York City. In 1S76, the year preceding
his graduation from the seminary, he was made
Rector of Christ Church at Oyster Bay, Long
Island, and remained in that charge until January
1880, when he received and accepted a call to St.
Luke's Church in Brooklyn. Dr. VanDeWater
was Rector of St. Luke's during the ensuing seven
years. From June 1887 to January 1888, he was
general Missioner of the Episcopal Church for the
United States, and in the latter month was called
to the Rectorship of St. Andrew's Church, one of
the most fashionable and wealthy religious bodies
in the Harlem district of New York City. He was
Chaplain of the Twenty-third Regiment of the

VOL. II. — 28

National Guard of the State of New York from
June 18S5 to January 1888. He is also Chaplain
of Columbia. In June 1893, Dr. VanDeWater
was commissioned Chaplain in the Seventy-first
Regiment of the National Guard of the State of
New York. On the outbreak of the War with Spain
in 1898 he volunteered with the regiment and en-
tered the service of the United States. Dr. Van-
DeWater went to Cuba with the regiment when
orders to proceed to Santiago were received, and
served throughout the campaign, was in Battle
of San Juan, and at the first Division Hospital dur-

GEO. R. VANDEWATER

ing the siege which resulted in the fall of that city.
He returned to St. Andrew's when the regiment
was mustered out on the signing of the peace pro-
tocol. He is a Trustee of Cornell, Chaplain of the
Seawanhaka Yacht Club, Grand Chaplain of Masons
in New York, and a member of the New York
Churchmen's Association, the Holland Society, St.
Nicholas Society, Colonial Order, and Century, St.
Nicholas and Harlem Clubs of New York City, the
Military Order of Foreign Wars, and the Society
of Santiago. He is also President of the Quogue
Field Club, a country club on Long Island where he
has a summer residence. Dr. VanDe^^'ater married
in April 1S79, Cornelia Townsend Youngs. They
have one child : Arthur Reginald VanDeWater.

434

UNirERSJTIES JND THEIR SOm

CHANNING, William Ellery, 1780-1842.

Born in Newport, R. I., 1780; graduated at Harvard
1798 and later from the Divinity School ; became Pas-
tor of the Federal Church, Boston, 1802 ; won renown
at home as a preacher, theologian and reformer, and
abroad as a writer; Lecturer at Harvard 1812-1813, and
Fellow 1813-1826. Died at Bennington, Vt., 1842.

WILLIAM ELLERY CHANNING, S.T..D.,
Dexter Lecturer and Fellow at Harvard,
■was born in Newport, Rhode Island, April 7, 1780.
While a student at Harvard he was noted for his at-
tractive personal qualities and marked literary at-
tainments, and after his graduation, which took

WILLIAM E. CHANNING

place in 1798, at the unusually early age of eighteen
years, he went to Richmond, Virginia, where for the
next two years he acted as private instructor in the
fiimily of D. M. Randolph. The essential elements
of a religious life were derived in his boyhood from
the sermons of the Rev. Samuel Hopkins and im-
mediately following his determination to enter the
ministry he inaugurated a course of rigorous disci-
pline and self-denial by voluntary exposure to violent
fittigue and the severity of the weather, and de-
priving himself of even proper food and raiment, the
evil results of which were but too plainly visible in
the permanent ill health which it was his lot to suffer
for the rest of his life. Upon his return north he
began the study of theology at Cambridge, receiving

from Harvard the title of Regent, which carried
with it a small income as well as a scholarship, and
with the completion of his Divinity course came two
calls, one for the wealthy Brattle Square Church,
Boston, and another to a smaller and less influentiaJ
church in Federal Street. Selecting the latter Pas-
torate as being the more favorable to his strength
and powers of endurance, he was installed in June,
1803 and continued to preach satisfactorily but with
no particular notoriety for some years. It was not,
however, until the advent of his famous discourse of
May 5, 1819, delivered in Baltimore, Maryland, at
the ordination of Rev. Jared Sparks, that he acquired
national prominence as a theologian and reformer.
That sermon, which clearly defined his position as a
Unitarian, gained for him the title of the Apostle of
Unitarianism in America. It also brought on a pro-
longed, and to him an obnoxious controversy between
his followers and those who upheld the belief in the
Divinity of Jesus, but he steadfastly adhered to the
former doctrine, which he ably defended during
the remainder of his Pastorate, both in his pulpit and
in the leading religious periodicals of his day. Dr.
Channing's last years were made especially notable
by the active interest he took in all public dis-
cussions relating to social, political, moral, philo-
sophical and philanthropic questions, and although
he had abstained from taking part in the Abolition
movement, certain incidents which occurred in con-
nection with the slavery agitation, in his opinion,
placed in imminent danger the right of free dis-
cussion, and we therefore find him in 1827, stand-
ing side by side upon the platform of Faneuil Hall
with other prominent champions of free speech.
His last public address was delivered at Lenox,
Massachusetts, August i, 1842, commemorative of
the emancipation in the West Indies, and his death
occurred October 2, 1842, at Bennington, Vermont.
From Harvard he received the degree of Master of
Arts in 1802, and that of Doctor of Divinity in 1820.
For the years 1812-1S13 he held the Dexter Lec-
tureship at the same Institution, and was a Fellow
of Harvard from 1813 to 1826. He was also a fel-
low of the American Academy, and a member of the
Anthology Club of Boston. The greater part of Dr.
Channing's writings, consisting of sermons, papers
upon a wide range of subjects, open letters, etc., were
collected and published in five volumes. A sixth
volume was afterwards added, and in 1872 a volume
of selected sermons entitled : The Perfect Life, was
issued. The whole have since been published in
one volume by the American Unitarian Association.

UNirKRSiriES JND THEIR SONS

435

CHANNING, Walter, 1786-1876.

Born in Newport, R. I., 1786; educated at Harvard;
studied medicine in Boston, Philadelphia, Edinburgh
and London; Professor of Obstetrics and Medical
Jurisprudence at Harvard for nearly forty years and
Dean of the Medical School; for nearly twenty years
Physician at the Massachusetts General Hospital;
author of several medical and other works ; died, 1876.

WALTER CHANNING, M.U., Professor of
Obstetrics at Harv.ird, and a brother of
Dr. William E. Channing and of Professor Edward
T. Channing of Harvard, was born in Newport,
Rhode Island, April 15, 1786. He was educated at
Harvard, receiving his degree out of course on
account of having participated in the rebellion of
students there in 1S07. His medical studies were
begun in Boston and after taking his degree at the
University of Pennsylvania, he went abroad for the
purpose of perfecting his professional preparations
in Edinburgh and London, obtaining while in the
last named city the advantage of practical observa-
tion at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals. Soon
after entering upon the practice of his profession
in Boston (181 2) he was called to lecture at Har-
vard on obstetrics, and in 18 15 was appointed to
fill the newly created Chair of Obstetrics and Medi-
cal Jurisprudence. His connection with the Har-
vard Medical School both as Professor and Dean
continued until 1S54, when he resigned. For
nearly twenty years he was a Physician at the
Massachusetts General Hospital, having been ap-
pointed Assistant to Dr. James Jackson in 1821,
when that institution was in the infancy of its ex-
istence. Dr. Channing published : an Address on
the Prevention of Pauperism ; a Treatise on Ether-
ization in Childbirth, which produced a beneficial
effect on that Department of Medical Science both
at home and abroad ; Professional Reminiscences
of Foreign Travel, New and Old ; A Physician's
Vacation, or a Summer in Europe ; Reformation of
Medical Science ; and Miscellaneous Poems. He
was also a frequent contributor to periodical
literature.

CLAPP, Dwight Moses, 1846-

Born in Southampton, Mass., 1846; educated in
public schools and at Westfield (Mass.) Academy;
studied dentistry with Dr. H. M. Miller, of Westfield
Mass., and Dr. James Lewis of Burlington, Vt. ; and
at Harvard, graduating in 1882 ; Clinical Instructor in
Harvard Dental School, 1882-83; Clinical Lecturer in
Operative Dentistry from 1890 to the present time;

formerly President of Mass. Dental Society, and elected
President of Harvard Odontological Society, February
1899.

DWKIHT MOSES CLAPP, D.M.!)., Lec-
turer at the Harvarti Dental School, was
born in Southampton, Massachusetts, jime 5, 1S46.
.After attending the public schools and the Academy
in Westfield, Massachusetts, he began the study uf
dentistry with Dr. H. M. Miller of Westfield. and
afterwards studied with Dr. James Lewis of Burling-
ton, Vermont. In 1 869-1870 he was associated with
Dr. Charles R. Coffin of London, England, and Dr.
H. W. Mason, of Geneva, Switzerland. Returning

DWIGHT M. CL.\PP

to the United States, he subsequently pursued a
course at the Har\ard Dental School, graduating
with the degree of Doctor of Dental Medicine in
1882, and the succeeding term held the Clinical
Instructorship of Operative Dentistry which he re-
signed at the close of the College year. He was
summoned by the Corporation in 1890 to the post
of Clinical Lecturer in Operative Dentistry wliich
he accepted and is now officiating in that capacity.
Dr. Clapp was at one time presiding officer of the
Massachusetts Dental Society, was elected President
of the Harvard Odontological Society in 1S99, and
holds membership in several kindred bodies. In
May 1S72, he married Clara J., daughter of Henry
Simonds of Lynn, Massachusetts.

4-3^ UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

DROWN, Thomas Messinger, 1842-

Born in Philadelphia, Penn., 1842: graduated at the
University of Pennsylvania, Medical Department, 1862 ;
studied at Freiberg School of Mines and at Heidelberg ;
Instructor in Metallurgy at Harvard 1869-70 ; Professor
of Analytical Chemistry at Lafayette College, 1874-81 ;
and at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
1885-95; Secretary American Institute of Mining
Engineers, Editor of its Transactions, 1871-84; Presi-
dent of Lehigh University, South Bethlehem, Penn..,
since 1895.

THOMAS MESSINGER DROWN, M.D., In-
structor in Metallurgy at Harvard, sub-
sequently President of Lehigh University, was born
in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, March 19, 1842, and
was graduated at the Medical Department of the
University of Pennsylvania in 1862. After continu-
ing his studies at the School of Mines at Freiberg,
Saxony, and the University of Heidelberg, he was
called to Harvard as Instructor in Metallurg)-,
officiating in that capacity in 1869 and 1870. In
1874 he accepted the Chair of Analytical Chemistry
at Lafayette College, and remained there until 1881.
In 1885 he took the Professorship of Analytical
Chemistry at the Massachusetts Institute of Technol-
ogy, continuing in that position ten years, when
he accepted the Presidency of Lehigh University, at
South Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, in 1S95. Pro-
fessor Drown has the honor of being one of the
original members of the American Institute of
Mining Engineers, which he has served as Secretary
for the fourteen years 187 1 to 1884. He has
published numerous technical papers on metallurgi-
cal, chemical and sanitary topics.

CHANNING, Edward Tyrrel, 1790-1856.

Born in Newport, R. I., 1790; studied at Harvard but
did not graduate, owing to the students' rebellion in
1807; engaged in the practice of law in Boston; was
associated with others in establishing the North Amer-
ican Review of which he was Editor for a time; ap-
pointed Boylston Professor of Rhetoric and Oratory at
Harvard 1819 and held that chair for thirty-two years.
Died at Cambridge, Mass., 1856.

EDWARD TYRREL CHANNING, LL.D.,
Boylston Professor at Harvard, was born in
Newport, Rhode Island, December 12, 1790,
younger brother of Rev. Dr. William E., and Wal-
ter Channing, M.D. Although numbered among
the rebellious students of 1807, he was given his
degree at a later date and afterward began the
practice of law in Boston. In company with Presi-
dent Kirkland, Jared Sparks, George Ticknor, Rich-

ard Henry Dana, John Gallison and William Tudor,
he established the North American Review, the
initial number of which was issued in May i8i5,and
succeeding Jared Sparks as its Editor in 1818, con-
ducted it for a year in collaboration with his cousin,
Richard H.Dana. In October 1819 he was offered
and accepted the Boylston Professorship of Rhetoric
and Oratory at Harvard, which when inaugurated
(1S06), was held by John Quincy Adams, afterward
President of the United States. That important
chair he filled with unusual ability for the succeeding
thirty-two years, which may be considered one of the
most brilliant periods in the history of the College,
and a large number of students whose destiny it was
to acquire national reputations, profited by his in-
struction. The purity of his style and the critical
severity of his taste were especially noticeable among
his many characteristics, and his ordinary conversa-
tion possessed, without an effort on his part, the
dual charm of being at the same time both enter-
taining and instructive. Professor Channing resigned
his Chair in 1851, but his literary activity continued
unabated and his contributions to the North Ameri-
can Review ended only with his death, which oc-
curred in Cambridge, Massachusetts, February 8,
1856. The honorary degree of Doctor of Laws was
conferred upon him by Harvard in 1847, ^^"^1 '""^
was a fellow of the American Academy. To Sparks'
American Biographies he contributed a life of his
grandfather, William Ellery, and a volume of Lec-
tures on Rhetoric and Oratory given to the Senior
Class at Harvard was published after his death with
a memoir by Richard H. Dana, Jr.

HARRIS, Francis Augustine, 1845-

Born in Ashland, Mass., 1845; prepared for College
at the Boston Latin School; graduated at Harvard
1866; Master of the Boston Latin School three years;
Interne at the Massachusetts General Hospital, 1871 ;
took his medical degree at Harvard, 1872; concluded
his studies in Vienna ; Medical Examiner from 1877 to
the present time ; Demonstrator of Medico-Legal
Examinations at Harvard, 1881-92 ; Professor of Sur-
gery at Boston Dental College some years ; ex-Presi-
dent of the Papyrus Club, Boston ; dramatic author of
high repute.

FRANCIS AUGU.STINE HARRIS, M.D., De-
monstrator of Medico-Legal Examinations
at Harvard, was born in Ashland, Massachusetts,
March 5, 1845. His early education was acquired
in his native town, in Rindge, New Hampshire, in
West Cambridge (now .Arlington) under the tuition
of Albert Palmer, subsequently Mayor of Boston,

UNIVERSITIES JND THEIR SONS

437

and in the Boston Latin School, where lie fitted for
College ill two years, entering the Freshman class
in 1862, and received his Bachelor's degree with the
Class of rS66. While in Harvard he was especially
interested in athletics, playing on the first Base-ball
nine ever formed there, and, after graduation, with
the " Rollstones " of Fitchbiirg, Massachusetts, of
which nine the present Judge Franklin G. Fessenden
of the Superior Court was also a member. At Har-
vard he also was one of the founders of the Pi Eta
Society and was the first President of the Alumni
Association of that organization. It was in conse-
quence of his connection with the Pi Eta Society
that he formed a taste for dramatic and other liter-
ary work. He has written a number of successful
plays, two of which, founded on incidents of College
life, written twenty years ago, are still very fre-
quently performed every year even to the present
day. His more pretentious writing is instanced by
such plays as The American Claimant, sold for a
large sum to the late Lester Wallack ; the trans-
lations of Giro-Fle, Giro-Fla ; Dora ; and Mein
Leopold, which, under the title My Son had a very
long and successful run at the Boston Museum,
affording the late William Warren the most famous
role of his later years. The play was afterward pro-
duced throughout the country by companies like
Wallack's and afforded the late John T. Raymond a
star role. He has also written many stories based
on medico-legal conditions, after the style subse-
quently exploited by Dr. Conan Doyle. Among
his classmates at Harvard were Moorfield Storey ;
Henry Rolfe, who was one of the most prominent
members of the Masonic order in Nevada ; William
Blakie, the well-known athlete and writer on athletic
subjects, and Dr. Charles Brigham of San Francisco,
who won distinction and the iron cross in the Franco-
Prussian war. After leaving College he entered the
Medical Department of the University, and after one
year's study of medicine accepted a position as
Master in the Boston Latin School, which he held
for three years, continuing his medical studies under
the tuition of his fiither and Dr. George G. Tarbell.
At the close of his career as a teacher in the Latin
School he re-entered the Medical School, and after
serving for a year as surgical officer to the ALassa-
chusetts Hospital, received his degree in medicine
in 1872 and subsequently spent a year in the further
study of his profession in the University of Vienna.
After his return he was appointed Physician to the
Boston Dispensary and Physician to the Pine Street
Dispensary for diseases of the skin, and continued

to devote himself to the general practice of his pro-
fession till 1877 when under a new law which abol-
ished the old coroner system he was appointed by
Governor Rice Medical Examiner for the Northern
District of Suffolk county, to which ])osition he was
re-appointed by Governors Robinson, Russell and
Wolcott, having just entered ujion his fourth term
of seven years. In consequence of his position as
Medical Examiner he has been very frequently called
to give evidence in the courts, not only in cases of
civil suits, but in numerous " causes celebres " in his
own and other states, notably the murder trials of

FRANCIS A. HARRIS

ALarston in Denver, the Malley boys at New Haven,
and of Mrs. Robinson, Gunn, Barrett and Bram in
Massachusetts. In 1881 he was appointed Demon-
strator of Medico-Legal Examinations in the Har-
vard Medical School, and held the position about ten
years. At the same time and for about the same
period he occupied the Chair of Surgery in the Bos-
ton Dental College. He was one of the earliest mem-
bers of the Papyrus Club, and its President in 1882,
was one of the founders of the University Club, and is
or has been a member of the St. Botolph, Algonquin,
Orpheus, Athletic and otlier clubs. In 1891, at the
request of the Secretary of tlie Commonwealth, he
assumed the duties of Editor of the annual Registra-
tion Report, dealing with the vital statistics of the

43^

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

State, and has held the position up to tlie present work at Hairard, specializing on history, expecting

time. Aside from fugitive, occasional pieces of prose
and rhyme, and furnishing a portion of the book on
athletics by the late John Boyle O'Reilly, Dr. Harris's
writings have been confined to subjects connected
with his profession, his chapter on Death in its
Medico- Legal .\spects in Hamilton's System of Le-
gal Medicine attracting very favorable comment from
the reviewers. In 1898, on the 20th of February, just
after the destruction of the ALaine, Dr. Harris fore-
seeing that there was likely to be serious trouble with
Spain, wrote to the Secretary of War through the
Secretary of the Navy offering his services, " without
compensation, in peace or war," to the command
of the regular army stationed at Grover's Cliff. This
offer was gratefully accepted by the government and
he served without pay till the 20th of i\Liy follow-
ing, receiving a very complimentary letter from the
Surgeon-General of the Army to the effect that he
had '• performed his duties with signal success under
circumstances of unusual difficulty." On the 20th
of May he was appointed Acting .\ssistant-Surgeon to
the command at Grover's Cliff, a position which he
still holds. Dr. Harris is a member of the Massa-
chusetts Medical and the ALassachusetts Medico-
Legal societies.

OZANNE, Charles Eugene, 1865-

Born in Cleveland, Ohio, 1865: graduated at Adalbert
College of Western Reserve University and at Yale
Divinity School ; preached in Chicago ; received tem-
porary appointment at Harvard.

CHARLES EUGENE OZANNE, A.M., Assis-
tant Instructor at Harvard, was born in
Cleveland, Ohio, April 14, 1865. His father, Peter
Martin Ozanne, was English, being a native of
Guernsey in the Channel Islands. His mother,
Julia Louisa (Childs) Ozanne, was of American
birth and ancestry. After being educated at the
Cleveland public schools, Charles E. Ozanne entered
Adelbert College of Western Reserve LTniversity,
where he graduated in 1889. He then passed
through the regular course of study of theology at
the Yale Divinity School, taking the degree of
Bachelor of Divinity in 1892. For about a year,
1893 and 1894, he had a small parish in Chicago,
but increasing variance from accepted church
standards of belief made necessary (after the
refusal of the council to ordain on doctrinal
grounds) a complete change of plans as to life
work. He therefore spent two years in graduate

to teach that subject, and in 1896 was given
temporary connection with the Harvard corps of
Instructors to take part of Professor Channing's

CHARLES E. OZANNE

work during the latter's year of absence in Europe.
He was given the Master of Arts degree by Harvard
in 1895.

PHILLIPS, Stephen Clarendon, 1801-1857.

Born in Salem, Mass., 1801 ; graduated at Harvard,
iSig; prominent business man ; Representative to the
Legislature, State Senator, member of Congress, and
Mayor of Salem ; Presidential Elector, 1840; President
of the Boston Sunday School Society; and an Over-
seer of Harvard, 1846-54 ; died, 1857.

STEPHEN CLARENDON PHILLIPS, A.M.,
Overseer of Harvard, was born November i,
1801, in .Salem, Massachusetts. His graduation
from Harvard (1819) was followed by an attempt
to study law which he soon afterward relinquished
for a business career in his native town, and he later
became active in public afifairs, serving as Repre-
sentative to the Legislature from 1824 to 1830, and
again in 1832 and 1833; as State Senator in 1831,
and as member of Congress from 1834 until resign-
ing his seat in 1838. From 1838 to 1842 he was
Mayor of Salem and donated his entire salary to the
public schools of that city. In 1840 he was chosen

UNIJ'EKSITIES AND THEIR SONS

439

Presiilential Elector, and in 1.S4CS-1S49 was guberna-
torial candidate of the Imcc-SoII party. For a
number of years he served upon the State Board of
Education, but finally withdrew from public service
in order to promote his lumber interests in Canada,
and his death occurred on the steamer Montreal,
which was burned in the St. Lawrence River, June
26, 1S57. Mr. Phillips maintained a loyal interest
in Harvard from the time of his enrolment as a
student until his death, and rendered valuable ser-
vice as an Overseer from 1S4C to 1854. He was
President of the Boston Sunday School Society, and
prepared : The Sunday School Service Book.

Suffolk liar, as well as President of tlie Bar Associa-
tion of the City of Boston and the Social I.aw
Library; and in business circles he was equally
esteemed, bt'ing a Lirector of the Mount Vernon
National liank, Boston, and of the Massachusetts
Hospital Life Insurance Company. In 1878 Mr.
Russell received the degree of Doctor of Laws from
Harvard, of which he was an Overseer from 1869
to 1S81, and again from 1882 to 1S94. Lie was
a member of the Massachusetts Llistorical Society
and Vice-President of the Pilgrim Society ; also a
member of the St. Botol]ih, University and Union

RUSSELL, William Goodwin, 1821-

Born in Plymouth, Massachusetts, 1821 ; graduated
at Harvard 1840 and at the Law School 1845 ; prominent
member of the Suffolk Bar for over fifty years; Over-
seer of Harvard, 1869-94.

WILLIAM GOODWIN RUSSELL, LL.D.,
Overseer of Harvard, was born in Ply-
mouth, Massachusetts, November iS, 1S21. His
jxarents were Thomas and Mary Ann (Goodwin)
Russell, and he traces his ancestry to each of those
sturdy Puritans and Mavllower Pilgrims, John Alden,
Richard Warren and Captain Miles Standish. John
Russell, his great-grandfather, a merchant of Green-
ock, Scotland, emigrated about the year 1745,
locating at Plymouth ; and Samuel Jackson of that
town, also his great-grandfather, was the grandfather
of Sidney Bartlett, for many years leader of the
Suffolk Bar. His College preparations were directed
by the Hon. John Angier Shaw, of Bridgewater,
Massachusetts, and, after taking his Bachelor's
degree at Harvard (1840), he taught school for a
time in his native town, and succeeded Benjamin F.
Butler as Preceptor of the Dracut (Massachusetts)
Academy. Acquiring the rudiments of the legal
profession through the tuition of William ^^'hiting,
his brother-in-law, he attended the Harvard Law
School, taking the degree of Bachelor of Laws at
graduation (1S45), and in July of that year was
admitted to the liar in Boston. A business associa-
tion formed with Mr. Whiting, under the firm name
of Whiting & Russell, was severed after an amicable
partnership of twenty-eight years by the death of
his colleague, and he subsequently became the
senior member of the firm of Russell & Putnam.
His prominence in the legal ]irofession and his
popularity among its members, amjily qualified him
to succeed the late Sidney Bartlett as leader of the

WILLIAM G. RUSSELL

Clubs, Boston, and was President of the latter from
1882 to 1 884. On October 6, 1874, he married
Mary Ellen Hedge, daughter of Thomas and Lydia
(Coffin) Hedge of Plymouth. His children are :
Thomas (Harvard 1879) a rising young lawyer and
ex-member of the Massachusetts Legislature; Lydia
G. Allen, wife of Roger N. Allen, of Boston ; and
Marion Russell Townsend, wife of William S. Town-
send, of Boston.

SALTONSTALL, Leverett, 1825-1895.

Born in Salem, Mass., 1825; graduated at Harvard
1844; Harvard Law School 1847 ; practised law in Bos-
ton until 1862; devoted his time thenceforward to
agricultural pursuits and the interests of several

44°

UNIVERSiriES AND THEIR SONS

trusts ; served as Lieutenant-Colonel on Governor
Emory Washburn's Staff, 1854; Commissioner from
Massachusetts to the Centennial Exposition, Phil-
adelphia, 1876; Collector of Customs for the Port of
Boston, 1885-90; was interested in many public insti-
tutions; member of several notable organizations;
Overseer of Harvard 1876-88 and again from 1889
until his death; died in Newton, Mass., 1895.

LEVERETl' SALTONSTALL, A.M., Overseer
of Harvard, was born in Salem, Massachu-
setts, March 16, 1825, son of Leverett and Mary
Elizabeth (Sanders) Saltonstall. The genealogy of
this family is a most interesting one and is traced

LEVERETT SALTONSTALL

directly to one Thomas de Saltonstall, who was a
resident of the West Riding of Yorkshire, England,
ill the fourteenth century. Its original American
ancestor was Sir Richard Saltonstall, Knight of
Huntwick and Lord of the Manor of Ledsham, near
Leeds, England, who emigrated in the year 1630
and immediately began the establishment of a settle-
ment at what is now Watertown, Massachusetts.
The latter's son, Richard, from whom Leverett
Saltonstall was descended, settled in Ipswich, that
state, in 1635. Henry Saltonstall, another son of
Sir Richard, graduated with the first class that was
graduated from Harvard, in 1642. The late Mr.
Saltonstall's grandfather was Nathaniel Saltonstall,
an able physician of Haverhill, Massachusetts, and a

Revolutionary Patriot. His father, Leverett Salton-
stall, LL.l)., who was graduated from Harvard in
1802, was a distinguished lawyer of his day, ser\'ed
as Speaker of the Massachusetts House of Repre-
sentatives and President of the State Senate ; was a
member of Congress and an Overseer of Har\ard.
A course of study in the Salem Latin School pre-
pared Leverett Saltonstall for Harvard, where he
took his Bachelor's degree in 1844, and three years
later he was graduated from the Law Department.
He was admitted to the Suffolk County Bar and
practised his profession successfully until 1862,
when he relinquished it, and from that time for-
ward his time was divided between agricultural pur-
suits, the care of several important trusts, and the
various public and private official duties he was
called upon to perform. In 1854 he served as an
officer upon Governor Emory Washburn's staff with
the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel, ser\'ed upon the
Massachusetts Centennial Commission in 1876, and
was selected by President Cleveland as Collector of
Customs for the Port of Boston, holding office from
1885 to 1S90. As a gentleman of culture, sound
judgment, public-spirited liberality, and philanthro-
pic instincts he performed many official duties in
behalf of the charitable, educational and other use-
ful institutions, receiving for his services no other
reward save the satisfaction of having contributed to
the general welfare of the community. In 1876 he
was summoned to the Board of Overseers of Har-
vard, retaining his seat until 18S8 and receiving a
second call in 18S9 he cheerfully rejoined that
body remaining with it until his death, which oc-
curred at Newton, Massachusetts, April 15, 1895.
He was a member of the Massachusetts Historical
Society, the New England Historic Genealogical
and Bostonian Societies, of the Board of Trustees of
the Massachusetts Society for Promoting Agriculture,
and several other organizations of a similar character,
and was President for two years of the Unitarian
Club, Boston. In Salem, Massachusetts, October 9,
1854, he married Rose S., daughter of John
Clarke and Harriet (Rose) Lee. The children of
this union are: Leverett Jr., who died in 1863;
Richard Middlecott, Rose Lee, deceased, who was
the wife of Dr. George West, Philip Leverett, Mary
E., (now Mrs. Louis Agassiz Shaw) and Endicott
Peabody Saltonstall. Mr. Saltonstall was the sixth
in lineal descent that graduated from Harvard, the
record being: Nathaniel, 1659; Richard, 1695;
Richard, 1722; Nathaniel, 1766; Leverett, 1S02;
and Leverett, 1844.

UNfrF.RSJTIES JA'D THEIR SONS

441

SHARPLES, Stephen Paschall, 1842-

Born in West Chester, Penn., 1842; attended the
Pennsylvania State Agricultural College ; graduated
at the Lawrence Scientific School of Harvard, 1866;
Instructor in Chemistry at Lehigh University one
year; Assistant at the Lawrence Scientific School,
1869-71 ; Associate Editor of the Boston Journal of
Chemistry one year; appointed Professor of Chemis-
try and Metallurgy at the Boston Dental College,
1874; well-known as a scientific investigator, chemi-
cal expert and writer.

STEPHEN PASCHALL SHARPLES, S.P..,
Assistant in the Scientific Department of
Harvard, was born in West Chester, Pennsylvania,
April 21, 1842. His educational advantages were
excellent, consisting of private instruction, courses
at Bolmar's Academy, the Normal School in his
native town, the Pennsylvania Agricultural College
and the Lawrence Scientific School of Harvard,
from which he was graduated in 1866 with the
degree of Bachelor of Science. Having spent a
year at the Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Penn-
sylvania, as Instructor in Chemistry he returned to
Harvard in 1869 as a Chemical Assistant in the
Scientific Department, where he remained until
1S71; was Associate I'Mitor of the Boston Journal
of Chemistry one year ; and joining the Faculty of
the Boston Dental College as Professor of Chemis-
try and Metallurgy in 1874, was identified with
that institution until 1893. Professor Sharpies is a
scientist of wide repute and a diligent investigator,
Iiaving travelled extensively in the interest of his pro-
fession and frequently appearing in court as a chemical
expert. Since 1885 he has occupied the post of As-
sayer and Inspector of Liquors for tlie Commonwealth
of Massachusetts. He is a fellow of the American
Academy of Arts and Sciences, and of the American
.Association for the Advancement of Science, and
a member of the Association of American Mining
Engineers, American Pharmaceutical Association,
American Chemical Society, American Philosophical
Society, Society of Natural History, Boston, Society
of Industrial Chemistry, London, and other kindred
bodies. His contributions to the ninth volume of
the tenth census cover a wide field of scientific re-
search in relation to the properties of the woods of
the United States, and he is joint author of a His-
tory of the Kimball Family. He is a resident of
Cambridge, Massachusetts, where on June 16, 1870,
he married Abliie M. Hall. They have five children :
of these, Philip Price Sharpies was graduated at
Harvard in 1S95, and Sarah Hall Sharpies is a
graduate of Radcliffe, Class of 1S9S.

WINTHROP, Robert Charles, 1809-1894.

Born in Boston, Mass., 1809; graduated at Har-
vard 1828 ; admitted to the Bar, 1831 ; member of the
Massachusetts House of Representatives, 1834-40,
and Speaker 1838-40; Representative in Congress
1840-50, and Speaker 1847-49; U. S. Senator from
Massachusetts, 1850; President of Massachusetts
Historical Society, 1855-85 ; Overseer Harvard, 1852 56;
Trustee of Peabody Educational Fund; died, 1894.

Rc)i;i;Rr charles winthrop, ll.d.,
C)\erseer of Harvard, was born in Boston,
Massachusetts, May 12, 1809. He was of distin-
guished lineage, being the direct descendant, and

ROBERT C. WINTHROP

head in his generation of the family of CJovernor
John ^^'inthrop, founder of the City of Boston. He
was the son of Thomas Lindall Winthrop (Harvard
1 780) and Elizabeth Bowdoin Temple, a grand-
daughter of Ciovernor James Bowdoin and daughter
of Sir John Temple, British Consul-General in the
L'^nited States. After graduating at Harvard in the
Class of 1828, Mr. Winthrop entered the office of
Daniel Webster as a student of law, was admitted
to practice at the Bar in 1831, and at once inter-
ested himself in local politics as a \Miig. He found
his place quickly in public life, being elected a
member of the Massachusetts House of Representa-
tives of 1S34, in which capacity he served contin-
uously, by re-election to 1S40. For the last three

442

UNIIERSITIES JND Til KIR SONS

years of this period he presicknl ;is Speaker over
the deliberations of the House. In 1840 Mr.
Wintlirop was elected Representative in Congress,
serving there with distinction for ten years. He
carried with him to Washington the reputation,
deservedly acquired through his service in the
Massachusetts Legislature, of a strong debater and a
well-equipped parliamentarian, and to this he added
by his speeches in Congress and by the ability with
which he performed the duties of Speaker of the
House, to which position he was elected in 1847.
He filled the Speaker's Chair during one Congress,
failing by two votes of re-election in 1850, after a
contest lasting three weeks. In the same year
Daniel Webster having resigned his seat in the
United States Senate to take the Portfolio of State,
Mr. Winthrop was appointed Senator to fill the un-
expired term. On finishing the term for which he
was appointed, the Legislature refused in 1 851, to
elect him his own successor, a " deadlock " lasting
six weeks being finally broken by a combination of
Democratic and Free Soil members against Mr.
Winthrop. In the same year, Mr. AVintlirop was
the \Miig candidate for Governor of Massachusetts
and received a large plurality of the votes cast at
the election. The Constitution of that State re-
quired for election a majority of all votes cast, and
this threw the choice into the Legislature, defeating
Mr. Winthrop. This incident brought about a
change in the Constitution whereby a plurality of
votes elects. From that time Mr. Winthrop with-
drew himself from active public life and devoted his
powers to literary, historical and philanthropic work.
In national elections he continued to make political
addresses, the last and perhaps the most notable
being that which he delivered at New I,ondon,
Connecticut, in 1864, in advocacy of the election of
General McClellan. Four volumes of .Addresses
and Speeches attest Mr. Winthrop's powers as an
orator. Then came a period of forty years in which
he held a place in the first rank of public speakers,
not only in popular estimation, but in the judgment
of the most critical, to whom the elegance and the
learning displayed in these orations strongly appeal.
His diction was a model of grace, his orations show
a most delicate finish and the strength of some of
his shorter speeches is electric. .Among those ad-
dresses which have become classic may be men-
tioned that On Laying the Cornerstone of the
National Monument to Washington, in 1848, and
that prepared at request of Congress on the comple-
tion of the monument in 18S5 ; the address to the

Alumni of Harvard in 1S57 ; the Oration on the
two hundred and fiftieth .Anniversary of the Landing
of the Pilgrims in 1S70; the Boston Centennial
Oration, 1876; an oration delivered by invitation
of Congress, on the one hundredth anniversary of
tlie surrender at Vorktown. Mr. Winthrop was the
author of Life and Letters of John Winthrop,
and of Washington, Bowdoin and Franklin. Mr.
Winthrop was intimately associated with the late
George Peabody in his great benefactions, and
was the head of the Southern Educational Fund
established by that philanthropist. He served as
Chairman of the Board of Overseers of the Poor in
Boston, for twenty-five years as President of the
Boston Provident .Association and for thirty years
as President of the Massachusetts Historical Society.
Mr. Winthrop received the degree of Doctor of
Laws from Bowdoin College in 1849, from Kenyon
College, Ohio, in 1851 ; from Har\-ard in 1855, ^"f'
from Cambridge, England, in 1S74. He was a
fellow of the .American .Acatlemy and of many other
learned societies in this country and abroad. He
was an Overseer of Harvard, 1852 to 1S56. He
died in Boston, Massachusetts, November 16, 1S94.

WRIGHT, Carroll Davidson, 1840-

Born in Dunbarton, N. H., 1840; Colonel 14th New
Hampshire Volunteers, 1864 ; admitted to New
Hampshire bar 1865, and to bar of Massachusetts
and United States courts 1867: State Senator, Mas
sachusetts, sessions of 1872-73 ; Chief of Massachu-
setts Bureau of Statistics of Labor, 1S73-88 ; Supervisor
United States Census for Massachusetts, 1880; Uni-
versity Lecturer, Harvard, 1881 ; Johns Hopkins
University, i8go; University of Michigan, i8gi ; North
western University, 1892; Lecturer on Statistics,
Dartmouth, 1897, and on Faculty of Catholic Univer-
sity of America as Lecturer on Social Economics
since 1895; United States Commissioner of Labor
since 1885.

CARROLL D.AYinSON WRIGHT, Ph.D.,
LL.D., LTniversity Lecturer at Harvard, was
born in Dunbarton, New Hampshire, in July 1S40.
He was educated in academies in New Hampshire and
Vermont, and h.ad begun the study of law when the
Civil War broke out. He put by his books to enlist
as a private in the fourteenth New Hampshire Vol-
unteers in October 1862, serving with his regiment,
and on staff duty, and became the Colonel of his
regiment, in 1864. He served through General
Sheridan's campaign in the Shenandoah Valley as
.Acting Assistant Adjutant-General of brigade. He
resigned the Colonelcy in March 1865, and, re-
turning home, was admitted to the New Hampshire

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

44;

]!;ir in October of the same year. For reasons of
licahh he was obliged to defer active practice till
1867, when ho opened an office in Boston. He was
elected as Massachusetts State Senator, serving in
the sessions of 1S72 and 1873. He carried through
the Legislature of 1S72 the Act providing for work-
ingnien's trains to and from Boston. In 1873 he
was appointed Chief of the Massachusetts Bureau of
Statistics of Labor, a position which he held until
1 888, producing in that capacity reports which have
a great and standard value in the literature of in-
dustrial and social economics, hi 1875 and 1885

CARROLL D. WRIGHT

he had charge of the decennial census of Massachu-
setts, and in 1880 was appointed by the President
Supervisor of the L^nited States census in that State,
being also Special Agent of the Census on the Fac-
tory System. Among the special investigations
conducted by Colonel Wright while holding his
Massachusetts position was that which he undertook
in 1885, by commission of the Governor, of the
public records of the towns, parishes, counties, and
courts of Massachusetts. \\'hen the position of
United States Commissioner of Labor was created
Colonel Wright was appointed to that position,
which he still holds. His publications in addition
to the reports of the Massachusetts Bureau of Labor
have been numerous, treating of the statistics of in-
dustrial and economic conditions and movements.

He is the author of Industrial Evolution of the
United States and Outline of Practical Sociology.
He is also American editor of The Statesman's Year
Book. In 1879 '^s delivered a course of lectures
before the Lowell Institute, Boston, on Phases of
the Labor Question, Ethically Considered, and in
1 88 1 was University Lecturer at Harvard on The
Factory System. He has also been University Lec-
turer at Johns Hopkins University, tfniversity of
Michigan, and Northwestern University, and Lec-
turer at Dartmouth C'ollege. He is now Honorary
Professor of Social Economics at the Catholic Uni-
versity of America, a position which he has held
since 1895. Colonel Wright received the Master
of Arts degree from Tufts College in 1883, the de-
gree of Doctor of Laws from Wesleyan University in
1894, and of Doctor of Philosophy from Dartmouth
in 1897. He has published over forty volumes of
statistics in an official capacity, besides completing
the Federal Census of 1890, consisting of twenty-five
volumes. He was for some time President of the
American Social Science Association, and is now
President of the American Statistical Association.
He is a member of the International Statistical In-
stitute, corresponding member of the Institute of
France, honorary member of the Imperial .\cademy
of Sciences of Russia, fellow of the .\merican Acad-
emy for the Advancement of -Science and of the
Academy of Political Science, and is a member of
various other scientific bodies at home and abroad.

PEIRCE, Benjamin, 1778-1831.

Born in Salem, Mass., 1778; graduated at Harvard,
1801 ; member of the Massachusetts House of Repre-
sentatives and Senate ; Librarian of Harvard, 1826-
1831 ; prepared a catalogue of the library, and wrote a
history of the University; died in Cambridge, 1831.

BENJAMIN PEIRCE, A.M., Libraiian and
Historian of Harvard, was born in Salem,
Mass.achusetts, September 30, 1778, son of a pros-
perous merchant of that town. After completing his
collegiate course, he engaged in business with his
father, and subsequently attained considerable prom-
inence in political affairs, serving in the lower branch
of the State Legislature, and in the Senate. Re-
ceiving the appointment of Librarian of Harvard in
1826, he served with marked ability in that position
for about five years, during which tiine he isstied a
catalogue of the library in four voluines and also
wrote a history of the University from its inception
down to the Revolutionary period. Benjamin Peirce
die;l in Cambridge, July 26, 1831. He was the

444

UNIJ'ERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

fatlicr of a prominent Harvard educator of the same
name, late Perkins Professor of Astronomy and
Superintendent of the United States Coast Survey.
His grandson, Charles Sanders Peirce, A.M., S.B.,
was graduated at Harvard in 1S59, and the Law-
rence Scientific School in 1863 ; became a Lecturer
on Logic in the College and Assistant in the Ob-
servatory ; also a Lecturer at Johns Hopkins ; deliv-
ered a course before the Lowell Listitute, liostoii,
on Scholastic Philosophy in 1869; and has been
actively identifietl with scientific experiments in
connection with the Coast Survey.

CODMAN, Charles Russell, 1829-

Born in Paris, France, 1829 ; graduated from Har-
vard 1849; admitted to the Bar 1852; served in the
Civil War as Colonel of the Forty-fifth Regiment
Massachusetts Volunteers; member of the State
Senate 1864-1865 and of the lower house 1872-1875; can-
didate for Mayor of Boston 1878 and for Congress 1890 ;
President of the Board of Overseers of Harvard 1878.

COLONEL CHARLES RUSSELL COD-
MAN, LL.B., President of the Board of
Overseers of Harvard in 1878, son of Charles
Russell and Anne (Macmaster) Codman, was born
in Paris, France, October 28, 1S29, while his parents
were sojourning in Europe. On the paternal side
he is a descendant of Governor Edward Winslow of
the Plymouth Colony, and the Codmans have re-
side<l in Charlestown and Boston ever since 1640.
His mother was of Scotch and Dutch ancestry.
Hon. John Codman, his grandfather, established
a fortune which has been greatly enhanced by the
latter's descendants, and his father, the elder
Charles Russell Codman, was a prominent Boston
merchant. Having attended for five years the Rev.
William .A. Muhlenberg's school on Long Island,
New York, he entered the Class of 1849 at Har-
vard from which he was graduated with the degree
of Bachelor of Arts, receiving in 1852 that of Master
of Arts in course. He was admitted to the Suffolk
Bar in 1852, having pursued his law studies with
Charles G. Loring, but his practice was confined
to a short period, as he relinquished it to engage in
general business affairs. Previous to the Civil War
he was a Lieutenant and subsequently Captain in
the Boston Cadets, his familiarity with military
affairs therefore making him a most acceptable
volunteer and entering the army as Colonel of the
Forty-fifth Massachusetts Regiment, he saw con-
siderable active service in North Carolina. Col-
onel Codman was a member of the Boston School

Board for the years 1861-1S62, of the State Senate
in 1864-1S65, and from 1S72 to 1876 he repre-
sented his district in the lower house. He was
Republican candiilate for Mayor of Boston, and an
Independent candidate for Representative to Con-
gress in 1890. Politically he was originally a Whig.
His opposition to slavery compelled him in 1856 to
join the Republican ]xarty with which he continued
to act until 18S4, when he withdrew his support
in order to vote independently. Colonel Cod-
man has ably filled the Presidencies of the Boston
Homceopathic Hosjiital and the Boston Provident

C. R. COMM.iN

Association. He was chosen a Trustee of the State
Insane Asylum at Westboro' ; a member of the
Massachusetts Historical Society, the Union and
Massachusetts Reform Clubs, and served as Presi-
dent of the latter organization. In 1852 he re-
ceived the degree of Bachelor of Laws from
Harvard, was an Overseer at intervals from 1S78
to 1890 and at one time President of the Board.
At Walton-on-Thames, England, February 28, 1856,
he was married to Lucy Lyman Paine Sturgis,
daughter of the late Russell Sturgis, of Boston, at
that time a member of the firm of Baring Brothers
& Company, London. Their surviving children
are : Russell Sturgis, .Anne Macmaster, Susan
Welles, John Sturgis and Julian Codman.

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

445

BLACKMAN, William Fremont, 1855-

Born in North Pitcher, New York, 1855 ; graduated
at Oberlin 1877 and Yale Divinity School 1880 ; filled
Pastorships in Steubenville, O. ; Naugatuck, Conn.;
and Ithaca, N. Y. ; appointed to a Professorship in the
Yale Divinity School, 1894.

WILLIAM FREMONT BLACKMAN, B.D.,
Ph.D., Professor of Christian Ethics at
Yale, was born in North Pitcher, Chenango county.
New York, September 26, 1855, son of John Smith
and Orpah (Freeman) Blackman. He is a de-
scendant of Rev. Adam Blakemaii. the first settled

WII.LIAir F. BLACKMAN

Pastor in Stratford, Connecticut, and on the ma-
ternal side of Edward Freeman, one of the founders
of Sandwich, Massachusetts in 1637, going there
from Lynn. His preliminary studies were pursued
at the Academy in Cincinnatus, and the High School
in Auburn, New York ; he was graduated at Oberlin
College with the Class of 1877, and at the Yale
Divinity School in 1880. He was ordained to the
Congregational ministry in Steubenville, Ohio the
same year, and in 1885 accepted the Pastorship in
Naugatuck, Connecticut, going from the latter place
to Ithaca, New York in 1891. In 1894 he was ap-
pointed Professor of Christian Ethics in the Yale
Divinity School, and is still occupying that Chair.
Professor Blackman received the degree of Bachelor
of Divinity from Y'ale in 1880 and that of Doctor of

Philosophy was conferred upon him by C\)rnell, and
the University of Berlin, Germany, the former in
1893. In July 1S80, he married for his first wife
I'',fflada Veronica Thomson of Medina, Ohio, and
four years later at Washington, District of ("olumbia,
he married Lucy Washington of Steubenville, Ohio.
His children are: Berkeley, Washington, and Ma-
jorie Blackman.

BROWN, Robert, 1836-

Born in Cincinnati, O., 1836; prepared for his col-
legiate course under the tutelage of Charles Matthews
of Cincinnati ; graduated at Yale. 1857 > attended Yale
Medical School, 1857-58 ; bookkeeper in a Cincinnati
pork-packing house, 1858-66 ; Assistant Secretary Cin-
cinnati Gaslight and Coke Co., 1866 and later Treasurer
and Vice-President of same ; Secretary of Yale Ob-
servatory 1882 to the present time; founder of the first
club of Yale gradjates in the United States, and has
been actively interested in educational and other useful
works.

ROBF.RT BROWN, M.A., Secretary of the
Yale Observatory, was born in Cincinnati,
Ohio, March 8, 1836, son of Robert and Caroline
Augusta (Johnson) Brown. His paternal grand-
parents, Robert and Isabel (Livingston) Brown,
emigrated from Fifeshire, Scotland, to Cincinnati
about the year 1830, accompanied by their seven
sons (an eighth had previously deceased) and four
daughters all of whom attained a ripe old age
except one son. His maternal grandparents, Joseph
and Sarah (Wilson) Johnson, of Peterborough, New
Hampshire, also settled in Cincinnati somewliat
earlier. They had two sons and six daughters.
His early education was obtained in public schools
and private institutions including Woodward College,
Cincinnati, ami his preparatory studies were pursued
at a private school in that city, conducted by Charles
Matthews M.A., a brother of the Hon. Stanley
Matthews, Associate Justice of the L'nited States Su-
preme Court. It was his intention to enter Vale with
the Class of 1857, but he was deterred by ill health
from joining it until the latter part of the Freshman
year, and having in the meantime gained an equal
standing with his classmates he received his Bache-
lor's degree with the rest. During the College year
of 1857 and 1858 he was a student at the Vale
Medical School, but the contimiance of his pro-
fessional studies was prevented by circinn>tances
over which he had no control, and reluctantly turn-
ing his attention to business ])ursuits he acted as
bookkeeper in his father's pork-packing house,
Cincinnati, until 1866. He next became Assistant

446

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

Secretary of the Cincinnati Gaslight and Coke Com-
pany, and subsequently filled the jiosition of Secre-
tary, Treasurer and Vice-President, remaining with
that Company in all some sixteen years. Soon after
the ormnization of the new Astronomical Observa-

the American Association for the Advancement of
Science and was Secretary of Section G at its meet-
ing in Montreal in 1882 ; member of the American
Microscopical Society, the Natural History and
Historical Societies of Cincinnati, and a life-member

tory at Yale, he accepted tlie newly created office of of the Historical Society of New Haven ; member

Secretary of that Department, and has retained it
continuously to the present time. At a meeting of
Yale graduates held at Cincinnati in 1864 for the
purpose of drafting resolutions relative to tlie death
of Professor Silliman, a proposition advanced by
him resulted in the formation of a Yale Club, which

ROBERT BROWN

is believed to be the first organization of the kind
ever effected. In 1861 and 1862 he was Treasurer
of the Young Men's Mercantile Library Association,
Cincinnati, and its Corresponding Secretary for the
two succeeding years ; was a Director and Treasurer
of the Theological and Religious Library from 1863
to 1883, and a Manager of the Cincinnati Public
Library from 1864 to i86g ; was a member of the
School Board of that city from 1864 to 1865 ; Cor-
responding Secretary of the Cincinnati Horticul-
tural Society 1859 to 1868 and is a member of the
National Conference of Charities and Correction.
Besides a number of College societies including the
Phi Beta Kappa, Linonia, Scroll and Key and the
Nautilus Boat Club, he is a member and fellow of

of the Connecticut Academy of Science, and Vice-
President for Connecticut of the American Forestry
Association ; charter-member of the Yale Club
(1864) and of the U. C. D. Club (1S66), both of
Cincinnati ; an 1 a member of the Country, Uni-
versity (life) and Graduates' Clubs of New Haven
and life-member of the Appalachian Mountain
Club, of Boston. In jjolitics he is a Republican
with independent proclivities. Mr. Brown was
prominent in the undergraduate movement which
resulted, a few years later in the first Yale
Gymnasium building, after plans submitted by him
and his co-workers. On October 2, 1861 Mr.
Brown married Caroline P., daughter of Joel
Root, of New Haven ; they had one daughter
Caroline Ives Brown, born July 21, 1862, and died
April 4, 1863. They adopted two children (sisters)
Flora and Jessie. The former married Rev. Edward
G. FuUerton, Ph.D., then of Worcester, Massachu-
setts, now of Bridgeport, Connecticut, June 6, 1889 ;
and June 25, 1897 Jessie married Boynton McFar-
land, C.E., Ph.l^., a teacher in the New Haven High
School.

Dubois, Augustus Jay, 1849-

Born in Newton Falls, O., 1849; student at Hopkins
Grammar School; received three degrees from Yale;
studied Mechanics and Engineering in Europe ; Pro-
fessor of Civil and Mechanical Engineering at Lehigh
University, South Bethlehem, Pa.; Professor of
Mechanical Engineering at Yale, 1877-84; and of Civil
Engineering 1884 to date; author of numerous articles
and books on mechanical and scientific subjects.

AUGUSTUS JAY Dubois, C.E., Ph.D., Pro-
fessor of Civil Engineering at Yale, was born
at Newton Falls, Ohio, in 1849. His parents,
Henry A. and Catherine Helena (Jay) DuBois,
were of Huguenot ancestry, the latter being the
granddaughter of Chief-Justice John Jay. After
instruction in various public and private school?,
he entered the Hopkins Grammar School of New
Haven, Connecticut, for College preparation. In
Yale he entered upon work in the Scientific School
and received there two degrees Bachelor of Philos-
ophy, 1869, and Civil Engineering, 1870, after
jnirsuing a special line of study in mechanics an<l

UNIJ'ERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

447

engineering. Continuing his worlc in llic I'nivcrsity
he received in 1S73 the degree of Doctor of Phil-
osophy, lie then went abroad, nnd continued his
scientific study, spending most of his time in Frei-
berg, Saxony. From 1875 to 1877, he was Pro-
fessor of Civil and Mechanical I'.ngineering at
Lehigh Universit)', South P.ethlehem, Pennsylvania,
which jiosition he left to accept the appointment as
Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Yale. He
continued this work, for six years, 1S77 to 1S84,
when he became Professor of Civil luigineering,
which position he now holds. Professor DuBois

.•nf-

A. J. Dubois

has spent much of his time as an author of scientific
works, and he has to his credit a long list of valuable
contributions to the literature of science. Besides
having been for years a writer of articles for
the Century ; the Engineering News ; the Manu-
facturers' Gazette ; the Journal of the Franklin
Institute ; Van Nostrand's F^lectrical Engineering
Magazine, and others, he is the author of the fol-
lowing books : Graphical Statics ; The Stresses in
Framed Structures (now in its tenth edition) ; The
Elementary Principles of Mechanics, three volumes ;
Science and the Supernatural ; Science and the
Spiritual ; and many translations and other works
too numerous to mention in this sketch. Professor
DuBois is a member of the .American Society of

Civil l'",ngineers, the American Institvilc of Mechan-
ical Engineers ; the American Academy of Science,
the Connecticut Academy of Sciences, the American
Society of Mechanical Engineers ; the Society for
the Promotion of Mechanical Engineering ; and the
Society of Naval Architects and Marine Fhigineers.
He married Adeline Blakesley, June 23, 1883.

HUBBARD, Thomas, 1776-1838.

Born in Smithfield, R. I., 1776; practised medicine in
Pomfret, Conn. ; assisted in establishing asylums for
the deaf, dumb, blind and insane ; President of the
Connecticut Medical Society ; member of both branches
of the legislature; Professor of Surgery and Obstetrics
at Yale, 1829-1S38; died in New Haven, Conn., 1838.

THOMAS HUBBARD, M.l)., Professor of
Surgery at Yale, was born in Smithfield,
Rhode Island, in 1776. He was a student in medi-
cine and surgery under Dr. .Mbigense Waldo, a
regular army surgeon. Locating in Pomfret, Con-
necticut, he practised his profession in that and the
adjacent towns for over thirty years. Impelled by a
spirit of sympathy and benevolence, he aided in the
establishment of asylums for the insane, and schools
for the education of the deaf, dumb and blind, and
was ai>poiiited by the state authorities to provide a
retreat for the indigent insane. He was actively
interested in public affairs serving in the State House
of Representatives and Senate. Dr. Hubbard was
called to the Professorship of Surgery and Obstetrics
at the Yale Medical School in 1829, retaining it
until his death which occurred in New Haven, June
16, 1838. He was at one time President of the
Connecticut Medical Society. He received the
honorary degree of Doctor of Medicine from Yale
in. 1S18.

CLARK, John Emory, 1832-

Born at Northampton, N. Y., 1832; prepared for
College at West Poultney, Vermont ; A.B. University
of Michigan, 1856; studied at Heidelberg, Munich and
Berlin, 1859-60; Professor of Mathematics Michigan
State Normal School, 1856-57; Assistant Professor
University of Michigan, 1857-59; U. S. Deputy Sur-
veyor, 1861-62; Prof. Antioch College, 1866-72; Prof.
Mathematics, Yale, 1873- ; Captain Fifth Michigan
Cavalry, 1862-63; Major 1863-65; honorably discharged
with the rank of brevet Lieutenant-Colonel, 1865.

JOHN EMORY CLARK, M.A., Professor of
Mathematics at Yale, was born in Northamp-
ton, New York, .August 8, 1832, son of Rev. John
and Sarah Miller (Foote) Clark. He prepared for

44H

UNIVERSITIES JND THEIR SONS

College at the Troy Conference Academy of West
Poultney, Vermont, and graduated from the Univer-
sity of Michigan in 1856. During the year 1 85 9- 1860
he studied at the Universities of Heidelberg, Munich
and Berlin. He was Professor of Mathematics at
the Michigan State Normal School from 1856 to
1 85 7, and Assistant Professor of Mathematics at the
University of Michigan from then until 1859. From
1 86 1 to 1862 Professor Clark was a United States
Deputy Surveyor in Dakota. He returned to teach-
ing after that, and was Professor of Mathematics and
Physics at Antioch College, Ohio, from 1866 to

JOHN E. CLARK

1872, when he came to New Haven and has been
Professor of Mathematics in the Sheffield Scientific
School from 1873 until the present date. In 1862
Professor Clark joined the Union Army as Captain
of the Fifth Michigan Cavalry. He was promoted
to the rank of Major in 1S63, which rank he held
until 1865, when he was honorably discharged with
the rank of brevet Lieutenant-Colonel, United
States Volunteers. He was married August 20,
1856, to Caroline C. Doty, and has four children:
John Frederick, Helen (wife of Rev. Henry R.
Miles), William Russel and Alice Tucker Clark.
Professor Clark is a member of the Graduates
Club of New Haven, of Alpha Delta Phi and of
the Berzelius Society.

LEWIS, Zachariah, 1773-1840.

Born in Wilton, Conn., 1773; graduated at Yale,
1794; Tutor there, 1796-1799; private Tutor in General
Washington's family ; studied theology; Editor of the
New York Commercial Advertiser and the Spectator,
1803-1820 ; established the American Missionary Regis-
ter; Corresponding Secretary of the New York Relig-
ious Tract Society, 1814-1820; Domestic Correspondent
for the United Foreign Missionary Society till 1825;
liberal contributor to charitable objects and a well-
known writer of his day; died in Brooklyn, N. Y., 1840.

ZACHARIAH LEWIS, M.A., Tutor at Yale,
was born in Wilton, Connecticut, January
I) 1773) son of the Rev. Isaac Lewis, a Congrega-
tional minister. He was graduated from Vale in
1794, held a Tutorship in the College from 1796 to
1 799, and while pursuing the study of theology
under the direction of the Rev. Ashbel Green, of
I'hiladelphia, he acted as j.trivate tutor in President
\\'ashinglon's family. Though licensed to preach,
his imjiaired health would not admit of his perform-
ing pastoral duties. Turning his attention to jour-
nalism in 1 81 3, he took the Editorship of the New
York Commercial .Advertiser and the New York
Spectator, both of which he retained until 1820.
In the latter year he established the American Mis-
sionary Register. From 18 14 to 1820 he acted as
Corresponding Secretary of the New York Religious
Tract Society, the antecedent of the American
Tract Society, and from 1820 to 1825 he attended
to the home correspondence of the United Foreign
Missionary Society. Mr. Lewis donated much of
his fortune to charity. The last fifteen years of his
life were spent in retirement, and he died in I'.rook-
lyn. New York, November 14, 1840. His more
notable publications are : An Oration Before the
Connecticut Society of the Cincinnad in 1799 ; Re-
marks on a Subterranean Wall in North Carolina
and the Annual Reports of the New York Religious
Tract Society from 1S15 to 1S20.

LORD, Benjamin, 1694-1784.

Born in Saybrook, Conn., 1694; graduated at Yale,
1714; Tutor there, 1715-16; Pastor of the Congrega-
tional Church in Norwich, Conn., 1717-84 ; Fellow of
Yale, 1740-72; died in Norwich, 1784.

BENJAMIN LORD, D.D., Fellow of Vale, was
born in Saybrook, Connecticut, May 13,
1694. His College training was received at Yale,
which gave him his Bachelor's degree in 17 14, and
that of Master of Arts five years later. During
the years 17 15 and 1716, he was Tutor in the
College, and having completed his theological

UNIVERSITIES JND THEIR SONS

449

studies was called in the following year Ui the imlpit
of the Congregational Church in Norwich, Con-
necticut, retaining that Pastorate for a period of
sixty-seven years. He died in Norwich, March
31, 1784. From 174010 1772 he held a Fellow-
ship at Yale, which bestowed upon him the degree
of Doctor of Divinity in 1774. Dr. Lord published
numerous sermons, ainong which are : The Faith-
ful and Approved Minister, a very Blessed Man ;
Two Sermons on the Necessity of Regeneration ;
God Glorified in His Works ; Believers in Christ ;
and a Christian's Hope at the Close of Life.

MATHER, Moses, 1719-1806.

Born in Lyme, Conn., 1719; graduated at Yale, 1739;
entered the Ministry, 1744 ; Pastor at Darien, Conn.,
for the rest of his life ; active controversialist ; Fellow
of Yale a number of years; died in Darien, i8o5.

MOSLS M.VrHKR, D.D., Fellow of Vale, was
born in Lyme, Connecticut, February 23,
1 7 19. His classical studies were completed at
Yale in 1739, and having prepared for the ministry,
he began his labors as Pastor of the Congregational
Church in Darien, Connecticut, in i 744, where he
remained for si.xty-two years. His patriotic demon-
strations several times caused his imprisonment by
the British during the Revolutionary War. He was
one of the most determined controversialists of his
day, and in 1759 published a work entitled Infant
Baptism Defended. Dr. Mather died in Darien,
September 21, 1806. In 1791 he received the
degree of Doctor of Divinity from Princeton, and
for some years was a Fellow of Yale.

RICHARDSON, Oliver Huntington, 1866-

Born in Providence, R. I., 1866 ; prepared for College
at the New Britain (Conn.) High School; graduated at
Yale, 1889 ; subsequently studied abroad ; Instructor in
History at Colorado College, 1889-90 ; Professor of that
subject at Drury College, Mo., 1892-95; and Assistant
Professor of History at Yale, 1897 to the present time.

0LIV1:R HUNTINGTON RICHARDSON,
Ph.D., Assistant Professor of History at
Yale, was born in Providence, Rhode Island,
December 10, 1866, son of Elias Huntington and
Jane Maria (Stevens) Richardson. Both of his
parental families are of English origin. He was
prepared for College at the New Britain (Connecti-
cut) High School, of which John H. Peck was
at that tiine Principal, and entering Yale under the
Presidency of Noah Porter, he was graduated with
VOL. II. — 29

the Class of 1S89 imder that of Timothy Dwight.
It was his aim while a student to refrain from
concentrating his efforts in any special direction,
preferring instead to arrange his studies upon
broad hnes with a view to prepare himself more
effectually for general educational work. The year
following his graduation was spent in the west
as Instructor in History at Colorado College,
and the two succeeding years were devoted to
travel and study abroad. In 1892 he joined the
Faculty of Drury College, Springfield, Missouri, as
Professor of History, retaining that chair for five

OLIVER H. RICHARUSON

years, the last two of which he was absent from
his post pursuing advanced studies in Europe ;
and having received the degree of Doctor of
Philosophy from the University of Heidelberg,
Germany, he resigned in order to accept the Assis-
tant Professorship of the same Department at Yale,
where he still remains. Dr. Richardson is a mem-
ber of the Phi Beta Kap[)a Society. He has
already contributed one interesting work to his-
torical literature, having issued in 1897 a volume
entitled : The National Movement in the Reign
of Henry III., and its Culmination in the Barons'
War. In June 1893, he married Eloise Wickard, at
that time Professor of English in the College for
Women, Cleveland, Ohio,

450

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

BALL, Alonzo Brayton, 1840-

Born in N. Y. City, 1840; fitted for College at Phillips-
Andover Academy; graduate of Yale, i86o; graduate
of the Medical Department of Columbia, 1863; Con-
sulting Physician to St. Luke's Hospital and the N. Y.
Cancer Hospital; Attending Physician to New York
Hospital ; Professor of Clinical Medicine in the College
of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia.

ALONZO BRAYTON BALL, M.D., Professor
of Clinical Medicine at Columbia, was born
in the City of New York February 10, 1840. His
parents, the late Alonzo Spofford Ball and Eliza
Watson Morton, both came of old Massachusetts
families. He fitted for College at Phillips Academy
at Andover, ALissachusetts, and entered Yale in
1856, graduating in i860. He graduated from the
College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York
City, now the Medical Department of Columbia, in
1863. Three years later he married Helen Sprain-
ger Stone ALirch 15, 1S66. They have had three
children, Mary Louisa, Frank Pennington and
Harry Ball. Dr. Ball served for three months in
1862 on the Sanitary Commission during the War
of the Rebellion, and as Acting Medical Cadet for
five months in the General Hospital at Frederick,
Maryland, in 1862-1S63. In 1897 he was made
Professor of Clinical Medicine in the College of
Physicians and Surgeons. He is a member of the
University and Century Clubs of New York City.

COHN, Adolphe, 1851-

Born in Paris, France, 1851 ; received his early edu-
cation at the Lyc6e Bonaparte and the Lyc6e Louis-
le-Grand, Paris; Bachelier es Lettres (Faculty of
Letters) Paris, 1868; student in the Paris School of
Laws, 1868-73, Ecole Nationale des Chartes, 1869-74
and in the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (Section
of Historical and Philological Sciences) 1872-75;
Bachelor of Laws, 1873; Archiviste Paleographe, 1874;
served in the Franco-Prussian War; private teacher in
Paris, 1873 75 ; Editor Messager Franco-Americain, New
York, 1875-76; private tutor. New York, 1875-82; New
York correspondent of the Republique Francaise of
Paris, 1876 84 ; United States correspondent of the
Paris Temps, 1884-95 ■ Tutor in French, Columbia, 1882 ;
Instructor in French, 1882-84 '■ Instructor in French,
Harvard, 1884-85 ; Assistant Professor, 1885-gi ; Pro-
fessor of the Romance Languages and Literatures,
Columbia, since 1891 ; received the decoration of Cav-
aliere della Corona d'ltalia from King Humbert, 1897.

ADOLPHE COHN, A.M., Professor of Romance
Languages at Columbia, was born in Paris.
France, ^L^y 29, 1851. His father, ."Mbert Cohn,
was a native of the town of Pressburg, Hungary,
where his family had recently moved from Huningue,

in .Alsace, and his mother, IMathilde Lowengard, came
of an Austrian family. The subject of this sketch
became a student at the ].,yc^e Bonaparte of Paris
in i860, when nine years old, and after eight years
of study there, which were followed later by one at
the Lyc6e Louis-le-Grand received the degree of
Bachelier es Lettres from the Faculty of Letters of
Paris in 1868. He was a student in the Paris
School of Laws for five years from 1868 to 1873,
studied in the Section of Historical and Philological
Studies at the Ecole Pratique des Hautes ?3tudes
from 1872 to 1S75 and in the Ecole Nationale des

ADOLPHE COHN

Chartes from 1S69 to 1874, save for the period of the
Franco-Prussian War, during which he enlisted and
served with his regiment at the front. He was made
a Bachelor of Laws in 1S73, and .Archiviste Paleo-
graphe in the following year. During his years as a
student Mr. Cohn took an active part in the strug-
gles of the Republican party in France, first against
the Third Napoleon and later against the Royalists
when that faction loomed into prominence. During
1873, 1874 and 1875 he was a teacher in various
French schools, among them the Ecole Supt^'rieure
du Commerce, the Ecoles Professionelles Ellisa
Lemonnier and the Cours d'Adultes. In 1875 he
came to New York City and took up private teach-
ing. During the year immediately following his

UNirERSiriES AND THEIR SONS

45'

arrival he belonged to the editorial staff of the
Messager Franco- Am^ricain, a position which he
resigned in 1S76; he soon after became the New
York correspondent of the Paris Republiqiie Fran-
gaise, then Gambetta's newspaper. From 1884 to
1895 he was the American correspondent of the
Paris Temps. In 1882 he was appointed to tiie
post of Tutor in French at Columbia, and was
made Instructor in the same year. Two years later
he went to Harvard as Instructor in French, and
the next year was made Assistant Professor of
French there. He remained at Harvard until 1S91,
when he returned to Cohmibia to take the Chair of
Romance Languages and Literatures. By decree of
August 6, 1897, King Humbert made him a Cava-
liere della Corona d' Italia. Professor Cohn mar-
ried, April 6, 1887, Marian Lois Wright, who died
February 19, 1888, leaving one son, Albert Cohn.
He is a member of a number of societies and organi-
zations, mainly those connected with his profession.
Among them are the Soci^td pour I'Instruction El^-
mentaire of Paris, the Ligue Fran(;aise del'Fnseigne-
ment, Society d'Histoire Litt(5raire de la France,
Modern Language Association, American Historical
Association, and the Reform Club and Good Gov-
ernment Club B of New York City. He has pub-
lished a number of educational works and is a reg-
ular contributor to several magazines, especially the
Atlantic Monthly and the Bookman.

CUNNINGHAM, Richard Hoope, 1865-

Born in Richmond, Va., 1865; studied for five years
at Hanover Academy, Va., and for two years at the
University of Virginia; graduated Doctor of Medicine
in i885 at the Medical College of Virginia, taking the
obstetrical prize ; graduate of the College of Physicians
and Surgeons of Columbia, 1888; hospital service,
1888-90; studied in Europe 1890-94 ; practised neurology
in Richmond, 1894, ^nd was Lecturer on Nervous and
Mental Diseases in the Medical College of Virginia;
practising neurologist in New York since 1895; De-
monstrator of Physiology at Columbia since 1897.

RIClL\Rn HOOPE CUNNINGHAM, M.D.,
Demonstrator of Physiology at Columbia,
was born in the City of Richmond, Virginia. He
entered Hanover .'Xcademy, Virginia, at an early age
and studied there for five years, afterwards entering
the Lhiiversity of Virginia. He spent two years in
the latter institution, being awarded diplomas in
Modern Languages, Chemistry, Physics, Botany,
Biology, Zoology and Anatomy. On leaving the
University of Virginia he entered the Medical Col-
lege of Virginia, graduated as Doctor of Medicine in

1 886, carrying off the obstetrical prize, and then
came to New York and entered tlie College of Phy-
sicians and Surgeons of Columbia, taking his degree
there in 1S88. During the next two years he was a
member of the House Staff of Mount Sinai Hospital
in New York City. In 1S90 Dr. Cunningham went
abroad, and spent the following four years studying
in Europe under Erb, Arnold, Charcot, Mendel.
Horsley, Dejerine, Gowers and other eminent physi-
cians, and paying especial attention to neurology
and experimental medicine. On his return from
Europe in 1S94 he entered upon the practice of

R. H. CUNNINGHAM

neurology in Richmond and also held the position
of Lecturer on Nervous and Mental Diseases in the
Medical College of Virginia. A year later he came
to New York and has since practised his profession
in that city. Dr. Cunningham was tendered and
accepted the post of Demonstrator of Physiology at
Columbia in 1897, and is now connected with the
Llniversity in that capacity. He is a member of a
number of societies — mostly of a professional nature
— among them the New York Neurological Society,
the American Physiological Society, the Medical
Society of the County of New York, the Medical
Society of Virginia, and the Alumni Association of
Mt. Sinai Hospital. He is a specialist of high
authority on neurotic and mental diseases. Dr.
Cunningham married Gertrude Agnes Stillman,
October 5, iSgi. They have no children.

45^

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

DERLETH, Charles, Jr., 1874-

Born in New York City, 1874; educated in the public
schools of New York City and Brooklyn ; B S.. College
of the City of New York, 1894 ; C.E., School of Applied
Sciences of Columbia, i8g6; Assistant in the summer
schools of Geodesy and Surveying of Columbia ;
Assistant in the Department of Civil Engineering of
Columbia since 1896.

CHARLES DERLETH, Jr., B.S., C.E., Assis-
tant in Civil Engineering at Colinnbia, was
born in New York City, October 2, 1S74. He is
the son of Charles and Annie Faubert Derleth, both
of German descent. His early education was re-

CHAS. DERLETH, JK.

ceived in the public schools of New York City and
Brooklyn, and on his graduation he entered the
College of the City of New York, taking the degree
of Bachelor of Sciences in 1894. Then followed a
two-year coitrse at the School of Applied Science at
Columbia, from which he received ■ the degree of
Civil Engineer in 1896. After the completion of his
studies there he was for some time Assistant in the
Summer Schools of Geodesy and Surveying of Co-
lumbia, and in the fall of 1896 was made Assistant
in the Department of Civil Engineering of the Lhii-
versity, which position he still holds. In 1897 he
was connected with the surveying staff of the Rapid
Transit Commission in New York City and since
then has assisted in designing the City Island Bridge

and engaged in other engineernig work. He has
been for some years an Instructor in the Educational
Department of the Twenty-Third Street Branch of
the New York Young Men's Cliristian Association
and in the East Side Evening High School of the
New York Public School system. Mr. Derleth is a
member of two of the Greek letter fraternities. Phi
Gamma Delta and Phi Beta Kajjpa, and a junior
member of the American Society of Civil Engineers.

CHAMBERS, Talbot Wilson, 1819-1896.

Born in Carlisle, Penn., 1819 ; graduate of Rutgers;
completed his Divinity studies at Princeton ; began his
clerical labors in 1838, and was subsequently ordained
in the Reformed Dutch Church, and preached in
Somerville, N. J.; became one of the Pastors of the
Collegiate Dutch Church of New York City; was
assigned to the Lafayette Place Church ; became a
Trustee of Rutgers, i863; a Lecturer at the New
Brunswick, N. J., Seminary in 1875 ; and a Trustee of
Columbia 1881-96; died in New York, 1896.

TALBOT WILSON CHAMBERS, S.T.D.,
Trustee of Columbia, was born in Carlisle,
Pennsylvania, February 25, iSig. His theological
studies were begun at Rutgers, from the Academic
Department of which he was graduated in 1834,
and com]5leted at the Princeton Divinity School,
after which he received a licence to preach in
Clinton, Mississippi. Having accepted a call to
the Second Reformed Dutch Church in Somerville,
New Jersey, he was ordained in the Reformed
Dutch Classis at New Brunswick, and remained
ill charge of the Somerville Church from 1S40 to
1849, when he settled in New York City as one
of the Associate Pastors of the Collegiate Dutch
Church, and for over forty years he occupied
the pulpit of the Lafayette Place Church. In
conjunction with his pastoral duties Dr. Chambers
attended to considerable outside religious work,
not the least important of which was rendered as
Chairman of the Committee on Yersions of the
American Bible Society, and as member of tlie
American Bible Revision Committee, Old Testa-
ment Company, and in 1875 he took the Vedder
Lectureship at the New Brunswick Seminary. In
1868 he joined the Board of Trustees of Rutgers,
and in 1881 began his service in the same capa-
city at Columbia, from which he had received
the honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity some
twenty-eight years previous. His official connec-
tion with Columbia was held until liis death. His
published works are : The Noon Prayer-Meeting in

UNirERSiriES AND THEIR SONS

453

Fulton Street ; Memoir of Theodore Frelinglniysen ;
Exposition of the l!ook of Zachariah in Lange's
Commentaries ; The Psalter, A Witness to the Divine
Origin of the Bible (Vedder Lectures) ; Companion
to the Revised Version of the Old Testament, and
a number of magazine articles and pamphlets. He
also edited the Memoirs of Rev. Jolm Henry
Livingston, D.D. Dr. Chambers died in New York
City, in February 1896.

CARPENTER, George Rice, 1863-

Born in Labrador, 1863; graduate of Phillips-An-
dover, 1882; graduate of Harvard, 1886; studied in
Paris, 1886-87 ; studied at the University of Berlin,
1887-88; Assistant in English at Harvard, 1888-89;
Instructor, i88g-go; Associate Professor of EngUsh,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1890-93; Lec-
turer in Rhetoric, Wellesley College, 1892-93 ; Professor
of Rhetoric and English Composition, Columbia, 1893-

G FORGE RICE CARPENTER, Professor of
Rhetoric and English Composition at
Columbia, was born on the coast of Labrador,
October 25, 1863. His parents, Charles Carroll
and Feronia (Rice) Carpenter, were both of New
England origin. The subject of this sketch entered
Phillips-Andover Academy in 1879. Graduating
in 1882, he entered Harvard and took his de-
gree in 1886. He spent the two following years
in European study, first in Paris, and later at
the University of Berlin. Returnuig to America in
1888, Professor Carpenter was made Assistant in
English at Harvard, and in the following year was
promoted to Instructor. He left Harvard in 1890
to take the Associate Professorship of English in
the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, remain-
ing there three years. During the latter year of
his stay at the Institute he was also Lecturer on
Rhetoric at Wellesley College. In 1893 he resigned
both positions to take the Professorship of Rhetoric
and English Composition at Columbia, which he
still retains. Aside from his professional work,
Professor Carpenter has taken an especial interest
in comparative literature, and more particularly in
Dante. He is Vice-President of the Dante Society.
He has also done a large amount of editorial work,
particularly in connection with the preparation of
text-books and kindred __works. He is a member
of the Harvard Club, The Players and the Century
Association of New York City. Professor Carpenter
married, June 11, 1890, Mary Seymour. They have
one child : Margaret Seymour Carpenter, born .\pril
3, 1893-

DAY, Arthur Morgan, 1867-

Born in Danbury, Conn., 1867; graduate of Harvard
(both A.B. and A. M.) in 1892 ; Assistant in History,
Harvard, 1893-94 '• Assistant in Economics, Columbia,
1894-99; Instructor in Economics Barnard College,
since 1895 • Instructor in Economics Columbia, 1899-

ARTIIUR MOR(iAN DAY, A.M., Instructor
in I'xonomics at Columbia, was born in
Danbury, Connecticut, .\])ril t2, 1867, the son of
Josiah Lyon and Ellen Louisa (Baldwin) Day. He
graduated at Harvard in the Class of 1892, re-
ceiving at the same time the degree of Master of
Arts, and in the following year entered the Corps

A. M. DAY

of Instructors in that University as Assistant in
History. In 1894 lie took the ])Osition of Assis-
tant in Economics at Columbia, advanced to In-
structor in 1899, and in 1895 ^^''•^ made Instructor
in the same branch at Barnard College.

GIDDINGS, Franklin Henry, 1855-

Born in Sherman, Conn., 1855 ; prepared for College
at the High School at Great Barrington, Mass. ; two
years at Union College. 1873-75; left College to take
charge of the Goshen ( Conn.) Academy ; entered news-
paper life in 1876, and continued as editor and editorial
writer on various journals until 1888; A.B. (Union
College) with reference back to the Class of 1877, 1888;
A.M. 1889; Ph D., 1897; Lecturer on Political Science

454

UNU'ERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

at Bryn Mawr, 1888; Associate, iSqo ; Associate Pro-
fessor, i8gi; Professor, 1892; Lecturer on Sociology
at Columbia, 1890-93 ; Professor of Sociology, 1894-

FRANKLIN IIi:XRV GIDDINGS, Ph.D., Pro-
fessor of Sociology at Cohimhia, was born
in Sherman, Connecticut, March 25, if^ss. He is
a son of the Rev. Ivlward Jonatlian (liildings, a
well-known Congregational clergyman of Massachu-
setts, the author of American Christian Rulers. The
family goes back in this country to George Gid-
dings, who came from St. Albans, luigland, in 1635,
and setded in Ipswich, Massachusetts. The Rev.

FRANKLIN H. GIDDINGS

Edward J. Giddings married Rebecca Jane Fuller,
a descendant of Edward Fuller, one of the May-
flower pioneers. Franklin Henry Giddings received
his early training and education under the strict
guidance of his mother and father, and was also
instructed in surveying and drafting by his grand-
father, a prominent citizen of Great Piarrington,
Massachusetts. After a prejiaratory course at the
High School at Great Barrington, he entered Union
College in 1S73. He left College in 1875 to take
charge of the Academy at Gushen, Connecticut,
but continued his studies in private, covering much
more ground than was required for graduation. In
1888 he received from Union College the degree of
Bachelor of Arts, with reference back to the Class of

1877 in full standing. While at College he took in
addition to the recjuireil studies a portion of the
engineering course. In 1876 he entered newspaper
life as Associate Editor of the Winsted (Connecti-
cut) Herald. During 1878 he was an editorial
writer on the Republican of Springfield, Massachu-
setts, and his work there, coupled with excess of
private study, resulted in a year's enforced rest from
active labor, which was spent in studying political
economy and law. He resumed newspaper work in
1879 o" '^'i'^ ^l'''^' "' 'he Pierkshire Courier, and re-
mained there for two years, when he became Ed-
itor of the New Milford, Coimecticut, Gazette.
During 18S2 he served on the Town School Com-
mittee of Great Harrington. In 1884 he returned
to Springfield as etlitorial writer and literary critic
of the Uni<in. He was a strong supporter of Mr.
Cleveland's candidacy during the campaign of 1884,
and at the risk of losing position and salary posi-
tively refused to write eilitorials favoring the candi-
dacy of James G. Illaine. In 18S5 he conducted
an investigation and reported to the Massachusetts
Bureau of Statistics of Labor on profit-sharing, and
in the following year left the Union to become the
Editor of Work and Wages at Springfield. During
his years of newspaper work his leisure time had
been occupied in study. His first appointment as
Instructor came in 1888, when Bryn Mawr College
appointed him Lecturer on Political Science. In

1889 he was made Associate, in the following year
Associate Piofessor, and in 1S92 Professor. Since

1890 he had also been Lecturer on Sociology in tlie
Faculty of Political Science at Columbia, and in
1894 he left Bryn Mawr on a call from Columbia to
its Chair of Sociology. He published between 1885
and 1895 many articles and monographs on eco-
nomic and sociological theory. In 1S96 appeared
his first book, The Principles of Sociology, which
met with instant success, and has been translated
into French, Spanish and Russian. This was fol-
lowed in 1897 by The Theory of Socialization,
which also met with immediate recognition and
has been translated into Italian; and in 189S by
The Elements of Sociology. Professor Giddings
married, November 8, 1S76, Elizabeth Patience
Hawes of Great Barrington. They have three
children. He is a member of the American
Academy of Political and Social Science, of which
he has been Vice-President since 1890, the Authors,
Barnard and Century Clubs, the Academy of Nat-
ural Sciences of Philadelphia, the American Econo-
mic Association, of which he was first Vice-President

VNIl ERSITIES JND TUEIK SONS

455

in 1S96-1S97, and L'Institut Intcrnalional dc Soci-
ologie of Paris. He is a souiid-nioiuy Democrat in
politics.

FARRAND, Livingston, 1867-

Born in Newark, N. J., 1867 ; fitted for College at the
Newark Academy; A.B., Princeton, 1888; graduate of
the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia,
i8gi ; studied at Cambridge University, England, 1891-
92, and at the University of Berlin, Germany, 1892-93 ;
Instructor in Columbia since 1893.

LIVINGSTON FARRAND, A.M., M.D., In-
structor in Psychology at Columbia, was born
in Newark, New Jersey, June 14, 1S67. Through
his fother, Samuel Ashbel Farrand, he is descended
from Nathaniel Farrand, who came from England
and settled in Milford, Connecticut, in 1645. He
fitted for College at the Newark Academy, entering
Princeton in 1S85. On his graduation from
Princeton in 18SS, he came to New York City and
took up the study of nieilicine at the College of
Physicians and Surgeons, now the Medical Depart-
ment of Columbia, becoming a fuU-IIedged Doctor
of Medicine in 1S91. Shortly after the completion
of his course at the College of Physicians and
Surgeons, he went abroad, and studied during the
following year at the University of Cambridge,
England. He went to Berlin in 1S92, and spent
one year in study there, and on his return to
America was made an Instructor in Columbia.
He is still connected with the institution in that
capacity. Dr. Farrand is a member of three pro-
fessional bodies, the New York .\cadeniy of Science,
the American Psychological ."Xssocialion and the
American Association for the Advancement of
Science. He belongs to the American Folk-Lore
Society and the New Jersey Historical Society.
He is also a member of the Princeton and City
Clubs of New York. Dr. Farrand is an Inde-
pendent in politics, supporting the best man,
irrespective of partisan considerations.

HOLLICK, Charles Arthur, 1857-

Born in New Brighton, N. Y., 1857; educated at
private schools in the United States and Germany;
fitted for College at the Anthon Grammar School, New
York City; Ph.B. Columbia School of Mines, 1879;
Ph.D. Columbian University, Washington, D. C , 1897 '•
private assistant to Professor Newberry at Columbia,
1879 ; Mine Superintendent in California, 1880; San-
itary Engineer and Inspector in the New York City
Health Department, 1881-92; Special Expert for

the New York State Board of Health, 1883-95 J
Special Sanitary Advisor to the Long Island City
and Brooklyn Boards of Health, 1888-90; member of
the Board of Health of New Brighton, 1886-92 ; Fellow
in Geology, Columbia School of Mines, i8go-gi ; As-
sistant in Geology, 1892; Tutor in Geology since 1893;
engaged on the Geological Survey of New Jersey,
1896-97 ; member and Chairman of the Port Richmond
Boulevard Commission, 1896; member of the Rich-
mond County Park Commission, 1897.

CHARLES ARTHUR HOLLICK, Ph.B.,
Ph.D., Tutor in Geology at Columbia, was
born in New Brighton, Staten Island, New York,
February 6, 1857 and is a resident property owner

ARTHUR HOLLICK

there at date. His father, Frederick HoUick, M.D.,
was of Englisli birth, but a practising physician in
New York at the time the subject of this sketch was
born. He received his early education at Miss
Whitteinore's School for Children at New Brighton,
and later spent a year at Dr. Haas's School at
Wiesbaden, Germany. He fitted for College at
Anthun Grammar School in New York City, and
then entered the School of Mines of Columbia,
graduating with the degree of Bachelor of Phil-
osophy in 1879. Simultaneously with his gradua-
tion he was appointed private Assistant to Dr. J. S.
Newberry, then Professoi of Geology at the School
of Mines, but after one year there went to Califor-
nia to become Superintendent of the Mexican mine

456

UNIVERSiriES JND THEIR SONS

at Mariposa. He returned to New York in i88r,
and entered the service of the Health Department
of the City of New York as an Inspector, a position
wliich he held for nine years. In 18S3 he was
appointed Special Expert and Inspector of Ofien-
sive Trades to the New York State Board of Health.
In 1890 he was made Sanitary Engineer in the
service of the City Board of Health, and a year
later special Inspector. Mr. Hollick was also em-
ployed by the Long Island City and Brooklyn Boards
of Health as Sanitary .-Vdvisor in some special in-
vestigations during 188S and the two following
years. In 1S90 Mr. Hollick was given a fellowship
in Geology at the Columbia School of Mines. On
the expiration of his fellowship he was made Assis-
tant in Geology there, and since 1S93 has been a
Tutor in the Institution. During 1882 Mr. Hollick
had been engaged in collecting specimens in the
West for the United States Geological Survey and
in 1 896-1 89 7, when the Geological Survey of New
Jersey was begun in earnest, he was employed in
forestry and geology fieUl work on it. In 1897 he
received the degree of Doctor of Philosophy fjom
Columbian University, Washington, District of Co-
lumbia. Mr. Hollick has been prominently iden-
tified with all that tended to the betterment
of his native town and county. From 18S6
to 1892 he was a member of the New Brighton
Board of Health. He was a member of the Port
Richmond Boulevard Commission and Chairman of
the Board during 1896 and in the following year
was Vice-President of the Richmond County Park
Commission. He is an active member of the
Torrey Botanical Club of New York, and was its
Secretary from 1883 to 1888; a fellow of the
American Association for the Advancement of
Science, of the New York Academy of Sciences, of
the Geological Society of America and of the
Botanical Society of America, of which latter lie has
been Treasurer since 1896. He is also Vice-Presi-
dent of the Staten Island Tree Planting and Pro-
tective Association, and has been Secretary of the
Natural Science Association of Staten Island since
1 88 1. Among social organizations with which he
is identified may be mentioned the Staten Island
Cricket and Baseball Club and the Staten Island
Club. Mr. Hollick was one of the organizers and
subsequently Trustee and Secretary of the Good
Government Club of Richmond county, and is an
earnest worker for honesty in politics. He married,
September 19, 1881, Adeline Augusta Talkington.
They have three children.

BLAKE, Joseph Augustus, 1864-

Born in San Francisco, Cal., 1864; fitted for College
at the Hopkins Grammar School; A.B., Yale, 1885 ;
took the biological course in the Sheffield Scientific
School, graduating with the degree of Ph.B., 1886:
graduate of the Medical Department of Columbia, 1889 :
Surgical Interne at St. Luke's Hospital, New York
City, 1889-91 ; Assistant Demonstrator in Anatomy,
Columbia, since 1891 ; Assistant Surgeon to Vanderbilt
Clinic, 189196 ; Attending Surgeon, St Luke's Hospital
since 1896, and Harlem Hospital since 1895.

JOSEPH AUGUSTUS BLAKE, M.D., Assistant
Demonstrator at Columbia, though a native of
California, comes of old Puritan ancestry. His
father, William Phipps Blake, was a descendant of
^Villiam Blake, who came to Massachusetts from
England in 1636 and settled near Dorchester.
\\'illiam Phipps Blake married Charlotte Haven
Lord Hayes, whose family came from Scotland to
Maine in the seventeenth century. The subject of
this sketch was born in San Francisco, August 31,
1864. Joseph A. Blake fitted for College at the
Hopkins Grammar School, and entered Yale in
1 88 1, taking his degree four years later. After his
graduation he studied in the biological course of the
Sheffield Scientific School at Yale for a year, receiv-
ing the degree of Bachelor of Philosophy in 1886,
after which he came to New York and entered the
College of Physicians and Surgeons, now the Medi-
cal Department of Columbia. Immediately on his
graduation from there in 1S89 he became Surgical
Interne at St. Luke's Hospital in New York City,
remaining there until iSgr, when he was appointed
Assistant Demonstrator in Anatomy at Columbia.
His connection with the University in that capacity
still continues. Dr. Blake held the post of .Assistant
Surgeon at the Vanderbilt Clinic in New York City
from 1 89 1 until 1896, when he resigned it to be-
come Attending Surgeon at the Harlem and St.
Luke's Hospitals. Dr. Blake is a member of the
New York Academy of Medicine, the New York
County Medical Society, the Association of Ameri-
can Anatomists, and a fellow of the New York Acad-
emy of Sciences and the University Club of New
York City. He married, December 17, 1890,
Catherine Ketchum, and they have one child,
Joseph A. Blake, Jr.

UNDERWOOD, Lucien Marcus, 1853-

Born in New Woodstock, N. Y., 1853; studied for
two years in Cazenovia (N. Y.) Seminary ; graduate of
Syracuse University, 1877 ; spent two years in non-
resident graduate work and one year in resident grad-

UNirERSITlES AND THEIR SONS

457

uate work at Harvard ; teacher since 1877 ; one year in
public school, one year seminary, four years in smaller
Colleges ; Professor of Biology, Syracuse University,
1883-91 ; Professor of Botany, DePauw University,
1891-95; Professor of Biology, Alabama Polytechnic
Institute, 1895-96; Professor of Botany, Columbia,
since 1896.

LUCIEN MARCUS UNDERWOOD, I'h.D.,
Professor of Botany at Columbia, was born
in tiie little town of New Woodstock, Madison
county. New York, October 26, 1853. Througli his
father, |ohn Lincklaen Underwood, he was seventh
in descent from Joseph Underwood, who came to
America from England in 1637 and settled in
Hingham, Massachusetts, afterwards removing to

LUCIEN M. UNDERWOOD

Watertown. He received his early education in the
common schools of his native town, and afterwards
spent two years at Cazenovia (New York) Semi-
nary in preparation for College. He entered Syra-
cuse University in 1873, graduating in 1877, and
after taking his degree spent two years in non-
resident graduate study, and one year in graduate
study at Har\'ard. Professor Underwood has been
a teacher since 1877. Soon after his graduation
from College he began teaching in the public
schools. He also taught for one year in a seminary
in New York State, and later for four years in two
of the smaller Colleges of Illinois. In 18S3 he ac-

cepted an appointment to the Chair of Piology at
Syracuse Ihiivcrsity. After holding this position
until 1891, he went to DePauw University as Pro-
fessor of liotany, and continued there until 1895.
During the following year he was Professor of Piol-
ogy at the Alabama Polytechnic Institute, but
resigned the Professorship in 1896 to become Pro-
fessor of Botany at Columbia, where he has since
remained. He was a delegate to the Congresso
Botanico Internationale held at Genoa, Italy, in
1892, and is the author of several botanical works,
and of numerous contributions to botanical periodi-
cal literature. Professor Underwood is a fellow of
the American Association for the Advancement of
Science, and a member of the Botanical Society
of America, New York Academy of Science, and
two of the Greek-letter fraternities. Phi Beta Kappa
and Delta Kappa Epsilon. He married, August 10,
1 88 1, Marie Antoinette Spurr of Oakland, Cali-
fornia, daughter of Norman and Esther (Ives) Spurr
of Salisbury, Connecticut. They have one child :
Helen Willoughby Underwood. Professor Under-
wood is an Independent in politics, supporting the
best men irrespective of party.

ILES, Malvern Wells, 1852-

Born in Midway, Ky., 1852 ; graduated at the Co-
lumbia School of Mines, 1875; Assistant in Analytical
Chemistry there, 1875-76; Fellow at Johns Hopkins,
two years; expert in the management of smelting
works; improved the process of treating lead and
silver ores, and a recognized authority on these
subjects.

MALVERN WELLS ILES, Ph.D., .Assis-
tant at the Columbia School of Mines, was
born in Midway, Kentucky, August 7, 1S52. His
scientific studies were pursued at the Columbia
School of Mines, from which he was graduated in
1875 with the degree of Bachelor of Philosophy, and
remaining there the succeeding year as Assistant in
the L)epartment of Analytical Chemistry was given
the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. For two years
he was a Fellow at Johns Hopkins University, in-
vestigating the sulpho acids of Xylol. Turning his
attention to the practical treatment of ores on a
large scale for commercial purposes, he was for a
time Assayer for the Utica Mining and Milling
Company, later Metallurgist at the Omaha and
Grant Smelting Works, and still later became Super-
intendent of the Globe Smelting Works at Denver,
Colorado. Besides his investigations and experi-
ments in legitimate chemistry, he has improved the

458

UNll'ERSlTlES AND THEIR SONS

process of smelting of gnlenic and argentiferous ores
antl is one of the best known experts in tiieir treat-
ment. In his work wiiile holding a Fellowship at
the Coliniibia School of Mines he produced the so-
called lies Boracic Acid Test, which is now used
practically in all chemical laboratories. In Colorado,
he discovered a number of new minerals, and fur-
nace products, among them the mineral called
llesite, first analyzed and described by him, and
which is a sulphate of zinc, iron and manganese.
Working on original lines. Dr. lies has contributed
largely to the advance of metallurgy of gold, silver
and lead during the past ten years. No less than
forty-two patents cover his inventions in this field,
those relating to the collection and condensation of
metallurgic fume and dust being especially notable,
while the so-called lies Reverberatory Slag Setders
are now recognized as one of the most important
steps made in the smelting of lead, gold and silver
ores during the last century. Dr. lies holds mem-
bership in several American and European scientific
■bodies, and he has contributed extensively to sci-
entific periodicals. In the summer of 1899, Dr.
and Mrs. lies left Denver for an extended period of
foreign travel. After visiting all the principal smelt-
ing plants of the world, it is his intention to locate
in London, England, establishing himself there per-
manently as Consulting Metallurgist. He will how-
ever make frequent trips to America, and will retani
his handsome residence in Denver.

YOHANNAN, Abraham, 1853-

Born at Urmi, Persia, 1853; graduate of Urmi Col-
lege, 1870; taught Oriental languages there until 1886;
Supervisor of Mission Schools about Urmi, 1886; at
General Theological Seminary, New York, 1888-90;
ordained Deacon in the Episcopal Church, 1890 ; Priest,
1891 ; took post-graduate course in Oriental languages
at Columbia with the degree of Ph.D., 1893; Lecturer
in Oriental languages, Columbia, since 1894; founded
and is still in charge of St. Bartholomew's Oriental
Mission, New York City.

ABRAHAM YOHANNAN, Ph.D., Lecturer at
Columbia, was born in Urmi, Persia, in
1S53. His father, grandfather, and other ancestors
as far back as can be traced were priests of the
Nestorian Christian Church. He received his early
education in the schools of the Presbyterian Mis-
sionaries at Urmi, and learned Syriac under the
instruction of his father, the Rev. Kasha Yohannan.
In 1864, at the age of eleven, he entered Urmi
College, and remained there as a student for six

years, graduating in 1870. Some time before his
graduation he was appointed to teach Oriental
languages in the College, and held that position
until 1886. During a portion of that year he was
Supervisor of the Mission schools in the neighbor-
hood of Urmi, and later came to America under the
auspices of the Bible Society of New York to assist
in the revision of the Scriptures in Syriac. Some
time after his arrival he founded an Oriental Mis-
sion in connection with St. Bartholomew's Church,
of which he is still in charge. In 1S88 Dr. Yolian-
nan became a student at the (ieneral Theolosjical

AUK. YOHANNAN

Seminary in New York City, and two years later he
graduated and was ordained by Bishop Potter a
Deacon in the Episcopal Church. In the following
year Bishop Potter ordained him as a Priest of the
church. A year later Dr. Yohannan took a post-
graduate course in Oriental languages at Columbia,
and received the degree of Master of .Arts in 1894.
In 1894 he was also appointed Lecturer in Oriental
languages (Syriac, Armenian, Persian, Turkish,
Kurdish and Arabic) at Columbia, and his connec-
tion with the University has since continued, and
he received the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in
1899. He married in 1872 Sanam Tuti of Urmi.
They have six children. Dr. Yohannan is a member
of the American Oriental Society.

UNirERSiriKS ANT) rilEIR SONS

459

BURRAGE, Walter Lincoln, 1860-

Born in Boston, Mass., iSEo; graduated at Harvard,
1883; Harvard Medical School, 1888; Woman's Hos-
pital, N. Y. City, 1890; located in Boston; connected
with a number of hospitals; gynecologist of recog-
nized ability; and Clinical Instructor on that subject
at Harvard since 1893.

WAl.TKR LINCOLN BURRAGE, A 1\L,
M.D., Clinical Instructor in Gyne-
cology at the Harvard Medical School, was born
in Boston, ]\Lassachusetts, October 21, i860. From
the Boston public schools he entered a private
school in that city where he was prepared for Col-
lege, and after graduating from the Academical
Department of Harvard (1883), he began his pro-
fessional studies, receiving his degree at the Har-
vard Medical School in 1888. The practical
experience and observation obtainable as House
Officer at the Boston City Hospital (a position he
occupied for some time) were augmented by eigh-
teen months of study and hospital work in New
York, and graduating at the Woman's Hospital of
that city in 1890, he engaged in practice in Boston,
making a specialty of gynecology. His profes-
sional advancement has been rapid and besides
acquiring an extensive private practice he has been
connected with the Carney, and St. Elizabeth's
Hospitals as Gynecologist, and the Free Hospital
for Women as Electro-Therapeutist. Dr. Burrage
is a member of the Alumni Association of the
Woman's Hospital, New York ; the Massachusetts
Medical Society, and the Warren Club, Boston. In
1893 he was called to the Medical Department of
Harvard as Clinical Instructor in his specialty.

DANFORTH, Samuel, 1626-1674.

Born in England, 1626; came to America in 1634;
graduated at Harvard, 1643 ; was Tutor at Harvard
1644 (?)-49 (?) ; Colleague Pastor of the Church in Rox-
bury, Mass., 1641 (?)-i674; died in Roxbury, 1674.

SAMUEL DANFORTH, A.M., Fellow of
Harvard, and Tutor in the College, was
born in Framingham, Suffolk, England, in Septem-
ber 1626, and came with his flither and his brother
Thomas (afterwards Colonial Governor) to New
England in 1634. He was graduated at Harvard
in 1643, and for several years following, while pur-
suing his studies for the ministry, was a Tutor in that
institution. Accepting a call to become the col-
league of the Rev. John Eliot, who then was
devoting much time to his missionary labors
among the Indians, in the Pastorate over the

Church in Roxbury, he was ordained in Sep-
tember 1650, and his pastoral relations with his
congregation continued until his death. Mr. Dan-
forth was greatly interested in astronomy, and pub-
lished a number of almanacs, also an astronomical
description of the comet of 1664. From 1650 (?)
to the date of his death he was a Fellow of
the Harvard Corporation. He died in Roxbury,
November 19, 1674.

HOAR, George Frisbie, 1826-

Born in Concord, Mass., 1826; graduated Harvard,
1846; Harvard Law School, 1849; member of Mass.
House of Representatives, 1852; State Senator, 1857;
Representative in Congress, 1869-77 i member of
Electoral Commission, 1876; U. S. Senator from Mas-
sachusetts, since 1877; Overseer of Harvard. 1873-79;
Regent of Smithsonian Institution, 1880; President of
American Antiquarian Society, 1887; LL.D. from
William and Mary, Amherst, Yale, Harvard.

Gi;oRGE FRISBIE HOAR, LL.D., Overseer
of Harvard, was born in Concord, Massa-
chusetts, August 29, 1S26. He was a son of Hon.'
Samuel Hoar (Harvard 1802), one of the leaders
of the Massachusetts Bar in the time of Webster
and Choate, and his mother was the youngest
daughter of Roger Sherman of Connecticut. His
preparation for College was received in Concord
Academy, and he entered Harvard at the age of
sixteen, graduating in the Class of 1S46. He
studied law in the Harvard Law School, taking the
degree of Bachelor of Laws in 1849, and was ad-
mitted to the Bar at Worcester, Massachusetts the
same year, associating himself in practice with the
Hon. Emory Washburn, and subsequently with
the Hon. Charles Devens and J. Henry Hill. Mr.
Hoar entered public life promptly, being elected a
Representative in the Legislature in 185 1, at the
age of twenty-five years, and was promoted to a seat
in the State Senate in 1857. His service in the
Legislature developed his possession of abilities most
serviceable in public affairs, and after declining for
several years to accept a nomination for Congress,
he consented in 1868 and was elected, taking his
seat March 4, 1869, and serving continuously by
successive re-elections, through four Congresses.
In 1876 Mr. Hoar declined a re-nomination as Rep-
resentative in Congress and was forthwith chosen
by the Legislature to be United States Senator from
Massachusetts, to succeed the Hon. George S.
Boutwell. He took his seat March 5, 1877, and
has since held it without a contest for re-election.
Mr. Hoar's public life covers the period during

4^0

UNIVERSITIES ANB THEIR SONS

which our political institutions passed through the
greatest strain and stress since the Civil War. He
entered Congress at the beginning of the first Grant
administration, when the passions engendered under
the regime of President Johnson remained at white
heat and the perplexing problems of reconstruction
were pressing for solution. In the legislative work
of these years he took an influential part, creditable
to himself and honorable to the State which he rep-
resented. While a member of the House of Repre-
sentatives he so established himself in the confidence
of his associates, and so demonstrated his possession

GEORGE F. HOAR

of rare legal acumen and a judicial mind, that he
was selected for the most delicate and important
services, demanding the exercise of these qualities.
The most notable instances are his appointment as
one of the managers, on the part of the House of
Rejiresentatives, of the impeachment of Secretary of
War Belknap in 1S76, and as a member of the Elec-
toral Commission which decided the contest between
Hayes and Tilton in the disputed election of that
year. Out of this memorable contest, which shook
the nation to its centre, came the demand for some
satisfactory provision for the counting of the votes of
the Electoral College for President and Vice-Presi-
dent ; also for more complete protection against a
possible vacancy in the office of President through

the failure of a successor in case of death or re-
moval. Mr. Hoar produced the solution of this
problem in his Presidential Succession Bill, and his
bill for the counting of the electoral votes, which are
now the law of the land. In other fields. Senator
Hoar's great learning and his acquirements as a
jurist, have been of advantage to the country through
his work in Congress. He was one of the leaders
in securing the adoption of a national bankniptcy
act, and his scholarly and scientific attainments were
recognized by his appointment, in 1S74, a Regent
of the Smithsonian Institution at Washington, an
oflSce which he held luitil 1880. Senator Hoar has
been ever a staunch Republican in politics, holding
with his party in action even when differing in points
of policy. He has presided over four State Con-
ventions of his party in Massachusetts, and over its
National Convention in 1880, being also a delegate
at large from Massachusetts to the Republican
National Conventions of 1876 and 1884. The
most serious difference between Senator Hoar and a
Republican administration arose in connection with
the policy of the Government regarding the acquisi-
tion of the Philippine Islands, following the War with
Spain. Senator Hoar was the leader of a strenuous
opposition to the ratification by the Senate of the
Treaty of Paris, insisting that its terms should be
qualified by a pledge on the part of the United States
to give independence and self-government to the
people of those islands. His address on the Con-
stitutional aspect of this question is to be ranked
among the historical speeches of the United States
Senate. The place held by Senator Hoar among
scholars and men of learning is widely recognized.
He is a member of the American Antiquarian Soci-
ety, of which he has been President, and of the
Massachusetts Historical Society, Trustee of the
Worcester Polytechnic Institute and of Clark Uni-
versity at Worcester. He received the degree of
Doctor of Laws from William and Mary College in
1873, from Amherst in 1879, from Yale in 1885, and
from Harvard in 1886. He was a member of the
Board of Overseers of Harvard from 1873 to 1879.

GREEN, Charles Montraville, 1850-

Born in Medford, Mass., 1850 ; entered Harvard from
the Boston Latin School, taking his Bachelor's degree
in 1874 and his Medical degree in 1877 ; completed his
studies in Europe; connected with a number of Bos-
ton medical institutions and societies ; ex-member of
the Boston School Board ; Medical Officer in State

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

46:

Militia : called to Harvard Medical School as Assistant
in Obstetrics, 1883; appointed Assistant Professor,
1894-

GHARLES MONTRAVIT,LE GRERN, M.D.,
Assistant I'rolessor at Harvard Medical
School, was bom in Mcdford, Massachusetts, De-
ct-mber iS, 1850, son of George lient and Mclinda
(Wetiierbee) Green. He is of sturdy colonial ances-
try. Ten of his ancestors served in the l-'rench
and Indian Wars; and luo great-grandfatliers and
a great-great-grandfather fought in the Revolution.
His record as a public school pupil and collegiate
student is most honorable, he having been the
recipient of a Franklin Medal at the Boston Latin
School in 1870; and his degree of Bachelor of
Arts from Harvard in 1874 was accompanietl with
tlie much prized i-////i laiidi'. He was made a mem-
ber of the Phi Beta Kappa in his Senior year. In
1877 he was graduated from the IMedical Depart-
ment of Harvard, and after a year's hospital work
he continued his studies in Euroiie, and returned
to Boston in the latter part of 1879 well equipped
for his profession of which he is now a leading
representative. Dr. Green's professional services
ill a public capacity have been renilered at the City
and Lyiug-In Hospitals, and the Boston Dispen-
siry. He is a fellow of the American Gyneco-
1 igical Society and Councillor of the Massachusetts
Medical and the Massachusetts Medical Benevolent
Societies. In 1899 he was elected Vice-President
of the Massachusetts Medical Society. He is a
member of the Societies for Medical Improvement
and Observation, the Obstetrical Society and
the Medical Library Association, and Bostonian
Society, all of Boston ; the Bunker Hill Monument
Association and the Massachusetts Society of the
Sons of the American Revolution, of which latter he
was chosen Vice-President some years ago, the
Society of Colonial Wars, the Colonial Society of
Massachusetts, "A Republican Institution," the
Massachusetts Charitable Fire Society, the Associ-
ations of Military Surgeons of the United States,
the St. Botolph and University Clubs, Boston. He
enlisted in the Massachusetts Volunteer Militia in
1870, was commissioned a subaltern in 1875, and
was appointed Medical Officer in the First Corps
Cadets in 1877. He was elected to the Boston
School Board in 1888, and served five years.
Summoned to the HarvanI Medical School as
Assistant in Obstetrics in 18S3, he was made an
Instructor three years later, and advanced to the
Assistant Professorship of tliat subject in 1S94. In

1897 he was ap[)ointed Secretary of the Faculty.
On June 29, 1876, Dr. Green married Helen Lin-
coln Ware of Boston, daughter of Dr. John Ware,
deceased. They have had two sons : C'harles M.
Jr., who died in infancy and Robert Monlraville
Green, born July i 1, 1880.

McCLINTOCK, William Edward, 1848-

Born in Hallowell, Me., 1848; educated at the Hal-
lowell Academy and Maine Wesleyan Seminary ;
studied civil engineering under a private instructor ;
employed on the United States Coast Survey, 1867-76;
identified with harbor surveys, land improvements,
and general engineering in various parts of the
country ; member of the Massachusetts Highway
Commission; Instructor in Highway Engineering at
the Lawrence Scientific School, Harvard.

WILLIAM EDWARD McCLINTOCK, In-
structor of Highway Engineering at Har-
vard, was born in Hallowell, Kennebec county,

WII.I.IAM E. McCI-IXTOCK

Maine, July 29, 184S. He is a son of Captain
John and Mary Bailey (Shaw) McClintock. He is
of Scotch-Irish origin on tiie ])aternal side and a
descendant of William McClintock, who partici-
pated in the defence of Londonderry, Ireland in
1689, emigrated in i7.?o and settled in Medford,
Massachusetts. Captain William McClintock, his

46:

UNIVERSITIES ANT) THEIR SONS

grandfather, was in his earlier years a Master-
Mariner and later a land surveyor, and his father.
Captain John, who was also a ship-master, found
his way across the broad Pacific with a school atlas
for a chart, and a watch for a chronometer. His
mother's family, the Baileys, are the posterity of an
early Puritan minister named John ISailcy. \Mlliam
Edward McClintock obtained his primary instruc-
tion in the common schools and his four years'
course at the Hallowell Academy was followed by
a year's study at the Maine Wesleyan Seminary at
Kent's Hill. His inherited capacity for mathe-
matics and surveying was enhanced by a course of
private instruction in civil engineering, during which
he acquired practical experience and also taught
school. Entering the United States Coast Survey
service in 1867 he was engaged in government
operations along the .\tlantic and Gulf coast until
1876, when he became connected with the sur\ey
of the City of Portland, Maine, and was subse-
quently engaged in surveying Boston Harbor, and
re-locating the tracks of the Boston & Maine Rail-
road, and accepting the appointment of City Engi-
neer of Chelsea, Massachusetts, in iSSo, he retained
that post for the succeeding ten years. He has
assisted in planning and executing improvements in
the harbors of New York, Boston and Portland, the
rivers of the Southern states including the lower
Mississi]3pi, sewer systems and other municipal work
in the New England States and the Province of New
Brunswick, and has served as consulting engineer
in numerous important public improvements. Ap-
pointed a Higl^way Commissioner in 1892 by Gov-
ernor Russell he has continued in office ever since,
has published timely articles and delivered nu-
merous addresses on the advantage of good roads,
and was the first President of the Massachusetts
Highway Association. In 1893 Mr. McClintock
was called to Harvard as Instructor of Highway
Engineering at the Lawrence Scientific School.
He is a member of the American and Boston
Societies of Civil Engineers ; was formerly Presi-
dent of the League of .American Wheelmen and the
Chelsea Review Club, has advanced in Masonry to
the Royal Arch degree, and was at one time Treas-
urer of the Church of the Redeemer, Chelsea, where
he resides. Politically he acts with the Republican
party in national issues, but otherwise votes inde-
pendently. On June 17, 1873, Mr. McClintock
married Mary Estelle Currier, of Portland, Maine,
and his children are William James, Francis Blake,
Samuel, Paul and Dorothy McClintock.

STONE, Arthur Kingsbury, 1861-

Born in Boston, Mass., 1861 ; graduated at Harvard,
1883; at Harvard Medical School, 1888; concluded his
preparations with hospital work in Boston and study
abroad; Surgeon to the Boston Dispensary; Assis-
tant in Bacteriology at Harvard; a contributor to med-
ical literature ; Physician to Out-Patients at the
Massachusetts General Hospital; Physician to the
House of the Good Samaritan and St. Luke's Con-
valescent Home.

ARTHUR KINGSBURY STONE, A.M., M.D.,
Medical Assistant at Harvard, was born in
Boston, Massachusetts, December T3, 1861. His
preliminary studies were pursued in Framingham,
same state, and he took his Bachelor's degree at
Harvard, receiving that of Master of Arts five years
later. He also took his Medical degree at Harvard
in t888, and having obtained at the Massachusetts
(General Hospital the experience so necessary to suc-
cessfully inaugurate the professional career of a phy-
sician, he still further prepared himself by taking
courses of study in Vienna, Berlin and Strassburg.
His practice was begun in Boston in 1889, and he
subsequently joined the Surgical Staff of the Boston
Dispensary. He is a member of the Massachusetts
Medical Society, and the author of several valuable
contributions to the medical journals. In 1892 he
joined the force of Medical Instructors at Harvard
as an Assistant in Bacteriology, remaining there until
the close of the College year 1899. In 1893 leaving
the Boston Dispensary he was appointed to the
Massachusetts General Hospital as Physician to Out-
Patients and later to the above mentioned hospitals.

MIXTER, Samuel Jason, 1855-

Born in Hardwick, Mass., 1855 ; educated at Towers
Park Latin School and the Brimmer School, Boston,
Mass., Institute of Technology, Harvard Medical
School, and in Vienna ; entered into practice in Bos-
ton; Surgeon at the Massachusetts General and the
Carney Hospitals, and Massachusetts Eye and Ear
Infirmary; Assistant in Anatomy at Harvard 1882-84;
Assistant Demonstrator 1884-87; Demonstrator, 1887-
93 ; and appointed Instructor in Surgery the latter
year.

SAMUEL JASON MIXTER, S.B., M.D., In-
structor in Surgery at the Harvard Medical
School, was born iu Hardwick, Massachusetts, May
10, 1855, son of William and Mary (Ruggles)
Mixter. His early education was acquired at the
Towers Park Latin School, and the Brimmer School,
Boston, from which latter he entered the Massachu-
setts Institute of Technology, graduating with the
degree of Bachelor of Science in 1875. His medi-

UNirERSiriES JM) rilEIR SONS

463

cal studies were pursued at the Harvard Medical
Scliool, wiiere lie took his degree in 1879, contin-
ued his preparations at the Massachusetts General
Hospital, and concluded them in Vienna. Locating
in Boston, he rapidly advanced to a position of
prominence among the surgeons of that city, and in
addition to his extensive private practice he became
attached to the staff of the Massachusetts General
and Carney Hospitals, and Consulting Surgeon at
the Massachusetts Charitable Eye and Ear Infirm-
ary. Called to the Harvard Medical School as an
Anatomical Assistant in 1882, he was made Assis-

SAMUEL J. MIXTER

tant Demonstrator of Anatomy two years later, ad-
vanced to the post of Demonstrator in 1887, and
was appointed Instructor of Surgery in 1893. He
holds membership in the Massachusetts Medical
Society, the Boston Societies for Medical Improve-
ment and Medical Science, the American Surgical
Association, and was a fellow of the American Acad-
emy of Arts and Sciences. He is also a member of
the Athletic, St. Botolph and M. P. Clubs of Bos-
ton. On .•\ugust 12, 1879, Dr. Mixter married
Wilhelmina Galloupe, daughter of Charles W.
and Sarah A. (Kittredge) Galloupe of Itoston, and
is the father of five children : William Jason, Charles
Galloupe, Roger Conant (deceased), George and
Samuel Mixter.

STORER, David Humphreys, 1804-1891.

Born in Portland, Me., 1804; graduated at Bow-
doin, 1822; at the Harvard Medical School, 1825:
practised in Boston upward of sixty years; Professor
of Obstetrics and Medical Jurisprudence at Harvard,
1854-68; Dean of the Harvard Medical School, 1855-64;
engaged quite extensively in scientific research ; mem-
ber of numerous scientific bodies and author of two
volumes relating to ichthyology.

DAVID HUMPHREYS STORi':R, M.D.,
LL.D., Deanof tlie Har\'ard Medical Sc ho. 1,
w.is born in Portland, Maine, March 26, 1804, son
of Hon. Woodbury and Margaret (Boyd) Storer.
From Bowdoin, where he took his Bachelor's degree
in 1822, he entered the Medical Department of Har-
vard, receiving his Medical degree three years later,
and taking up his residence in Boston, he practised
in that city continuously for upward of sixty years,
or until a short time prior to his death, which oc-
curred September 10, 1891. Summoned to the
Harvard Medical School in 1S54 as Professor of
Obstetrics and Medical Jurispradence he retained
that chair until 1 868, and was Dean of the Faculty
from 1855 to 1864. Dr. Storer gave much of his
time to scientific research especially on tlie subject
of ichthyology. Besides hohling a fellowship in the
American Academy of Arts and Sciences he was
President of the .American Medical .Association in
1866; was a member of the Massachusetts Medical
Society, the Boston Society for Medical Improve-
ment, the Boston Society of Natural History, and
the American Philosophical Society ; and held
honorary and corresponding relations with numerous
other scientific bodies. On April 20, 1829, he mar-
ried Abbey Jane, daughter of Thomas Brewer of
lioston. Of this union were born five children :
Horatio Robinson (now a resident of Newport,
Rhode Island), Francis Humphreys (Professor of
.Agricultural Chemistry at the Bussey Institute, Har-
vard), Abby Matilda, Mary Goddard, and Robert
Woodbury Storer. In addition to a report on the
fishes and reptiles of Massachusetts, Dr. Storer pub-
lished : The Fishes of Massachusetts, and a Syn-
opsis of the Fishes of North America. Besides his
Bachelor's degree he received from Bowdoin those
of Master of Arts and Doctor of Laws the latter in
1S76.

SPRAGUE, Henry Harrison, 1841-

Born in Athol, Mass., 1841 ; fitted for College at the
High School, Athol, and the Chauncey Hall School,
Boston: graduated at Harvard, 1864; student at the
Harvard Law School and a Proctor of the College;
completed his legal preparations in Boston and ad-

464

UNIJ'ERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

mitted to the Bar, 1868 ; practised in Boston contin-
uously to the present time : served in the Common
Council and both branches of the Legislature ; Presi-
dent of the State Senate, 1890-91; connected officially
with several reform organizations and public institu-
tions ; elected an Overseer of Harvard in 1890.

HENRY HARRISON SPRAGUE, A.M., Over-
seer of Harvard, was born in Athol, Mas-
sachusetts, August I, 1 84 1, son of George and Nancy
( Knight) .Sprague. His early studies in his native
town were supplemented by a preparatory course at
the Chauncey Hall School, Boston, from which he

HENRV H. SPR.\GUE

entered Harvard and was graduated with the Class
of 1864. Having spent a greater part of the suc-
ceeding year as a private tutor, he began his pro-
fessional preparations at the Harvard Law School,
also acting as a College Proctor, but withdrew prior
to the conclusion of the course and completed his
studies in Boston with Henry W. Paine and Robert
D. Smith. He has practised in Boston ever since
his admission to the Bar, ranking among the ablest
lawyers of that city, and is also prominent in local
public affairs, having served in the City Council, also
as a member of the Lower House of the Legislature
and President of the State Senate. Reform move-
ments have found in him a willing supporter, and he
drafted the present ballot law while serving as Chair-
man of the Senate Committee on Elections. He has

been officially connected with the Municipal Reform
and the Civil Service Reform Associations, of which
latter he was one of the organizers and has been fi)r
several years the President ; is a Director of the
Boston City and Lying-in Hospitals and the Massa-
chusetts Charitable Fire .Association ; Vice-President
of the Boston Young Men's Christian Union, and is
a member of the Harvard Law School and Boston
Bar Associations, the New England Historic Genea-
logical, and Bostonian Societies, and the St. Botolph,
L'nion, Tavern and Unitarian Clubs. In 1890 Mr.
Sprague was elected an Overseer of Harvard, and
some years after graduating was made a Master of
Arts. Since its organization in 1895 he has been the
Chairman of the Metropolitan Water Board. He is
the author of Women under the Laws of Massachu-
setts : Their Rights, Privileges and Disabilities, City
Government in Boston, its Rise and Development,
and a Brief History of the Massachusetts Charitable
Fire Society.

DANFORTH, Thomas, 1622-1699.

Born in England, 1622; came to New England, 1634;
was an assistant under the Mass. Government, 1659-78;
Deputy-Governor of Mass., and President of the
Province of Maine, 1679-88; Judge of the Superior
Court ; Treasurer of Harvard, 1650-58 ; Steward of Har-
vard, 1668-82; died in Cambridge, 1699.

THOMAS DANFORTH, named in the charter
as first Treasurer of the Harvard Corpora-
tion, and afterwards Steward of the College, was
born in Framlingham, Suffolk, England, in 1622,
and came to New England with his father and his
brother Samuel in 1634. In his early life he devel-
oped considerable ability in the management of
public affairs, and from 1659 to 1678 he was an
assistant under the Massachusetts Government. In
1679 hs ^^'^s made Deputy Governor, and in the
same year was elected President of the Province of
Maine, which then was independent of the Colony
of Massachusetts. Both of these offices he held
until 1688. He had meanwhile been appointed a
Judge of the Superior Court, and in this capacity
came into prominence in 1681 for opposing the
acts of trade and asserting the charter rights of the
country, and again by condeinning the proceedings
of the court in connection with the witchcraft delu-
sion in 1692. According to Paige's History of
Cambridge he was President of the District of
Maine, 1 681-169 2. Governor Danforth was Treas-
urer of Harvard from 1650 to 1668, and Steward
of the College from 1668 to 1692. He died in
Cambridge, Massachusetts, November 5, 1699.

UNIJ'ERSrriRS JXD rilKIIi SONS

4^5

BAILEY, William Bacon, 1873-

Born in Springfield, Mass., 1873; educated at the
Springfield Collegiate Institute, \A'illiston Seminary
and Yale, Class of 1894; Tutor at the College while
pursuing post-graduate course ; and continued as such
until chosen Assistant in Political Economy, 1887, and
Instructor in Political Science in i8gg.

W 11,1.1AM BACON ];.\ILEV, Ph.D., In-
structor in Political Science at Yale, was
born in Springfield, Massachusetts, May 7, 1873,

ber of the Beta Theta Pi fraternity, and of tlie
Union League, New Haven. He is the author of
several papers relative to his specialty, notable
among which is one entitled : Some of the Con-
tributions of Militancy to the Industrial Arts.

DAGGETT, Leonard Mayhew, 1863-

Born in New Haven, Conn., 1863 ; attended Hopkins
Grammar School; graduated from Yale, 1884; received
LL.B., from Yale, 1887; taught in Hopkins Grammar
School; formerly Councilman of the City of New
Haven; Judge Advocate-General on the Staff of Gov.
Coffin of Conn., 1895-97 ; practises law in New Haven
in partnership with Henry C. White.

LEONARD MAYHEW DAGGETT, T.L.B., In-
structor in Testamentary Law at Yale, was
born in New Haven, Connecticut, November 23,
1863. He is the son of David Lewis and Margaret
Donaldson (Gibbons) Daggett. He received prep-
aration for College at the Hopkins Grammar School,
in New Haven, Connecticut. In 1S80 he entered
the Academic Department of Yale, and graduated

WM. B. B.AILEY

son of ^^'illiam Leonard and Ellen Henrietta
(Bacon) Piailey. He is a descendant of John
Leonard and John Cooper, who arrived at Spring-
field soon after its settlement (1636); of Lemuel
Bancroft, of Granville, Massachusetts, and of Joseph
Bacon, who served as a Captain in the Revolu-
tionary \\'ar. At the age of ten years he became a
pupil at the Springfield Collegiate Institute, which
he attended five years, and his preparatory studies
were pursued at the ^Villiston Seminary, Easthamp-
ton, Massachusetts. Entering Yale with the Class
of 1894, he was graduated with double honors, and
remaining as a post-graduate student he received

the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in 1896. He four years later (1884). Immediately after gradua-
was also a Tutor there in i8g6 and 1897 and was tion he took a position as teacner in the Hopkins
appointed Assistant in Political Economy the latter Grammar School, remaining there one year, at the
year and Instructor in 1899. Mr. Bailey is a mem- end of which time he entered the Yale Law School.

VOL. II. — 30

L. U. D.iGGETr

466

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

Here he graduated in 1887. From 1S86 to 18S8
Mr. Daggett was engaged as a clerk in the law
office of Townsand & Watrous of New Haven. He
then opened a practice of his own in New Haven
which he continued until 1891 when he entered
into partnership with Henry C. White, practising
under the firm name of White & Daggett. In 1891
Mr. Daggett served as Councilman in the City of
New Haven. He was from 1895 to 1897 Judge
Advocate-General on the staff of Governor Coffin of
Connecticut. Mr. Daggett is Instructor in Testa-
mentary Law in the Yale Law School, is a member
of the Quinnipiack Club, the Graduates Club, the
New Haven Lawn Club, the New Haven Country
Club and the University Club in New York.

PIRSSON, Louis Valentine, 1861-

Born in N. Y. City, 1861 ; educated under a private
tutor, at the Amenia Seminary, South Berkshire Insti-
tute, Sheffield Scientific School of Yale, and in Europe ;
Assistant Instructor in Chemistry at Yale, 1882-87;
Assistant Professor at the Brooklyn, N. Y., Polytechnic
Institute, i888-8g ; Assistant on the U. S. Geological
Survey, i88g-gi ; Instructor in Lithology at Yale, 1892-
93 ; Assistant Professor of Inorganic Geology there,
1894-97 ; and Professor of Physical Geology from the
latter year to the present time.

LOUIS VALENTINE PIRSSON, Ph.B., Pro-
fessor of Physical Geology in the Sheffield
Scientific School of Yale, was born in New York
City, November 1861, son of Francis M. and Louisa
(Butt) Pirsson. He studied under the guidance of
a private tutor until the age of fifteen, when he
attended the Amenia (New York) Seminary and
later the South Berkshire Institute, New Marlboro,
Massachusetts, going from there to the Sheffield
Scientific School of Yale, from which he was grad-
uated in 1882. He subsequently pursued advanced
courses at the University of Heidelberg and the
College de France, spending two semesters at the
former and one at the latter. From 1882 to 1SS7
he held the post of Assistant and later of Instructor
in Analytical Chemistry at the Sheffield Scientific
School, and in 1 888-1 889 was Assistant Professor
of that subject at the Polytechnic Institute, Brook-
lyn, New York, going from there to the corps of
assistants upon the United States Geological Survey,
with which he remained two years. Returning to
the Scientific Department of Yale as Instructor in
Lithology in 1892, he was made Assistant Professor
of Inorganic Geology there in 1894, and three

years later was advanced to the Professorship of
Physical Geology, which ciiair he now occupies.
Professor Pirsson is a member of the Geological
Society of Washington, District of Columbia, and
that of North America, and of Stockholm, Sweden,
the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, the
Graduates' Club of New Haven and the Sigma XI
Society. He is connected with the United States
Geological Survey, and the results of his geological
work in Montana have appeared in numerous

L. V. PIRSSON

memoirs, issued by the Government or in scientific
journals. He is Assistant Editor of the American
Journal of Science. Politically he is an Independent.

DUNNING, Harry Westbrook, 1871-

Born in Roxbury, Mass., 1871 ; studied in the public
schools of Boston ; received two degrees from Yale ;
Instructor in Semitic Languages at Yale.

HARRY WESTBROOK DUNNING, Ph.D.,
Instructor in Semitic Languages at Yale,
was born in Roxbury, Massachusetts, December 7,
1 87 1. His parents Albert Elijah and Harriet
Westbrook Dunning, are of English, Dutch and
French ancestry. Dr. Dunning's early education
was in the public schools of Boston, Massachusetts,
his final graduation from them being at the Roxbury
Latin School. From this school he went to Yale

UNIVERSITIES AND TIIEIR SONS

467

and after four years of Academic study, received the Colony in 1630, and tiie above marriage was the
degree of Bachelor of Arts, in 1S94. Continuing first one entered upon the records of W'atcrtown,
his special study of language in the Graduate School Massachusetts. His maternal grandparents were
he took in 1S97, the degree of Doctor of I'hilos- Jonah and I.ydia (Warren) Howe, the former of

whom was a descendant in the sixth generation of
John I lowe, who came from I-jigland prior to 1639;
and Lydia \N'arren was the sixth from the above
mentioned John Warren. Joel S. Smith acquired
his early education at home and in the common
schools of Paxlon and Oakham. From 1S44 to
1847 lie attended the Williston Seminary, Kast-
hampton, Massachusetts, and during the succeed-
ing two years in Wisconsin he saved a sufficient sum
from his earnings as a musician to defray his entrance
expenses at Yale, from which he was graduated with
the Class of 1853. For the next twenty-two years
he was engaged in teaching and as a professional
musician, and in 1875 '"^ returned to Vale as .Assis-
tant in the University Library, where he has remained
continuously to the present time. In politics Mr.
Smith was formerly a \Miig and followed the major-
ity of that element into the ranks of the Republican
party at its formation. On May 28, 1854, he mar-

H. W. DUNNINU

ophy. In 1896 he received the appointment of
Instructor in Semitic Languages in Yale. Mr.
Dunning is a Republican in politics.

SMITH, Joel Sumner, 1830-

Born in Paxton, Mass., 1830; educated in common
schools, Williston Seminary, and Yale, Class of 1853;
professional musician for many years ; and connected
with Yale University Library from 1875 to the present
time.

JOEL SUMxNER SMITH, Assistant Librarian at
Yale, was born in Paxton, ALassachusetts, Sep-
tember II, 1830, son of David Hume and Tirzah
(Howe) Smith. He is a lineal descendant in the
eighth generation of Henry Smith, who arrived in
Massachusetts from England in 1637. His grand-
father, Joel Smith, married Persis Biglow, a de-
scendant in the sixth generation of John Bigelow ried Elizabeth Mary Davis, and has one son : Fred-
(or Baguley), who emigrated from England prior erick Sumner Smith, who was born October 26,
to 1642, in which year he married Mary, daughter i8s5, and was graduated from \'ale with the Class
of John Warren, the latter having arrived in the of 1S79.

J. SUMNER SJMTH

468

UNIVERSmES JND THFJR SONS

OSBORNE. Oliver Thomas, 1862-

Born in New Haven, Conn., 1862 ; attended Hillhouse
High School, New Haven; graduate of Yale Medical
School; Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeu-
tics in Yale Medical School ; President of Yale Med-
ical Alumni Association; practises medicine in New
Haven.

OLIVER THOM.\S OSBORNE, M.D., Pro-
fessor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics
at Yale, was bora in New Haven, Connecticut,

Yale Medical Alumni Association, and for the next
year he acted as Vice-President of the New Haven
County Medical Association, of which organization
he is now (1899) President. He is a member of
the Connecticut Medical Society, the New Haven
Medical Association and of the Yale Graduates' Club.
In politics he is a Republican.

O. T. OSbORNE

November 14, 1862. His parents were Oliver S.
and Ellen (Sturgis) Osborne. At the Hillhouse
High School of New Haven, Dr. Osborne took the
course of study which fits students for the Academic
Department of Yale. In 1881. he entered the Yale
Medical School and in 1884, when but twenty-one
years old, he received the degree of Doctor of
Medicine. The next year he spent in medical study
in Germany. He then returned to practise his pro-
fession in his native town. From 188S to 1891 Dr.
Osborne filled the position of Assistant in the Medi-
cal Clinic at the Yale Medical School. He then
commenced to teach Materia Medica and Therapeu-
tics in the Medical School, and showed such ability
that he rose through successive stages to the ap-
pointment of Professor of Materia Medica and
Therapeutics, which position he still holds. During
1896 and 1897 Dr. Osborne was President of the

PALMER, Arthur Hubbell, 1859-

Born in Cleveland, O., 1859 ; educated in public
schools, Western Reserve College, and in Germany ;
taught in the West High School, Cleveland, 1879-80 ;
Tutor at Western Reserve, 1880 8i ; took the Professor-
ship of German Language and Literature at Adelbert
College, 1883 ; and called to the same chair at Yale, 1891.

ARTHUR HUBBELL PALMER, M.A., Pro-
fessor of German at Yale, was born in
Cleveland, Ohio, June 30, 1859. After completing
the regular course of instruction in the Cleveland
public schools including the West High School, he
entered Western Reserve College at Hudson, Ohio,
which now is Adelbert College in Cleveland, took
his Bachelor's degree there in 1879, '^^^ ^^^^ ^uc-

AR'lHUR H. P.\LMER

ceeding year he taught in the West High School.
He next held a Tutorship at \\'estern Reserve for a
year, at the ex])iration of which time he went
abroad and pursued an advanced course of study at

UNIl'ERSiriES AND THEIR SONS

469

the University of Berlin. In 1883 he was appointed
Professor of German Language and Literature at
Adelbert College, occupying that [lost for eight
years and serving as College Librarian for five years,
and in 1891 he was summoned to the same chair
at Yale, which he still retains. Professor Palmer
was made a Master of Arts by Western Reserve in
18S3 and also by Yale in 1891. In 1884 he mar-
ried Fredrikke Marie Schjoeth, of Christiania, Nor-
way. He has two children : Erik Schjoeth, born
December 31, 1885, and Harold Schjoeth Palmer,
born June 4, 1890.

SWAIN, Henry Lawrence, 1864-

Born in Nantucket, Mass., 1864 ; educated in the
common and high schools of New Haven, Conn.;
graduated at the Medical Department of Yale, 1884;
spent two years in professional study abroad : practised
in New Haven continuously since 1886; specialist in
diseases of the eye, ear and throat : Lecturer at the
Yale Medical School, 1886; Clinical Professor there,
1895 • served on the staff of the New Haven Hospital ;
and the New Haven Dispensary.

HENRY L.WVRENCE SWAIN, M.D., Clini-
cal Professor at the Yale Medical School,
was born in Nantucket, Massachusetts, May 3, 1864,
son of George Hussey and Henrietta (\Veeks) Swain.
Among the early settlers of Nantucket was one
Richard .Swaine who with several others crossed
over to the island from Cape Cod about the year
1660, and he was in all probability the first of the
Swain family in that locality. .Ancestors of the
Weeks family went to the island at a later date.
Henry L. Swain attended the common and high
schools of New Haven. His professional prepara-
tions were begun in the Medical Department of Yale,
where he was graduated in 18S4, and completed
with a two-years course of advanced study abroad,
giving his particular attention to diseases of the eye,
ear and throat, which are his specialties in practice.
During his last year of post-graduate study he was
the salaried assistant to Professor Richard Hagen of
Leipzig, Germany, both in the latter's University
work and his private practice. Locating in New
Haven on his return in 18S6, he soon became a
prominent figure in the medical profession of that
city, and beside attending to an extensive private
practice he took the post of Laryngologist to the
New Haven Dispensary in 1887, and in 1893 was
called to the New Haven Hospital in the same
capacity. In 18S6 he began lecturing on diseases
of the ear and throat at the Yale Medical School,

and was ajipointed Clinical Professor of those dis-
eases in 1895. Dr. Swain is a fellow of the Ameri-
can Laryngological Association and has served as its
Secretary since 1895 ; was Secretary of the New
Haven Dispensary from 1889 to 1896, and of the
New Haven Hospital from 1893 to 1895; ^^'-^^
President of the New Haven Medical Association
in 1894, and is a member of the State and City
Medical Societies, and the (Graduates Club. In
politics he acts with tlie Republican jiarty. (3n

HENRY L. bW.'ilN

December 24, 1890, he married Etta Viola Winchell.
They have had two children : Lawrence \Vinchell
(deceased), and Josephine Ethel Swain.

SMITH, Percey Franklyn, 1867-

Born in Nyack, N. Y., 1867; attended public schools
in his native town, New York City and New Haven ;
graduated at the Sheffield Scientific School of Yale,
1888 ; took a four years' post-graduate course there and
completed his studies abroad ; Instructor in Mathe-
matics at Yale, 1888-94 ; and chosen Assistant Profes-
sor of that study, 1896.

P1:RCEY FR.\NKLYN smith, Ph.D., Assis-
tant Professor of Mathematics in the Scien-
tific Department of Yale, was born in Nyack, New
York, .\ugust 21, 1867, son of James P. and Maria
Jane (Demarest) Smith. His original .American

470

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

ancestors were early emigrants from Holland and
settled in the Hudson River valley. Having at-
tended grammar schools in Nyack and New York
City, and the New Haven (Connecticut) High

PERCEY F. SMITH

School, he entered the Sheffield Scientific School
of Yale, and after finishing the regular course
(1888), remained there as a graduate student and
Instructor in Mathematics, receiving his degree of
Doctor of Philosophy in 1891. Completing his
advanced course in 1892 he retained his Instruc-
torship until 1894, when he went abroad and spent
the ensuing two years as a student in Germany and
France. Upon his return in 1896 he was chosen
Assistant Professor of Mathematics at the Sheffield
Scientific School, and is still serving in that capacity.
Dr. Smith is a member of the Book and Snake
Society (Sheffield Scientific Society) and the Sigma
XI Fraternity ; the .■American Mathematical Society,
the Connecticut Academy of Sciences, and the
Graduates Club, New Haven. In politics he votes
independently. On December 23, 1S90, he mar-
ried Julia C. Lum.

SUMNER, William Graham, 1840-

Born in Paterson, N. J., 1840: educated in the public
schools of Hartford, Conn., and Yale, Class of 1863;
Studied theology and took orders in the Protestant

Episcopal Church : Rector of Church of the Redeemer,
Morristown, N. J., 1870-72; Professor of Political and
Social Science at Yale from the latter year to the
present time; LL D. degree University of East
Tennessee, 1884.

WILLIAM GRAHAM SU.MNER, LL.D.,
Professor of Political and Social Science at
Yale, was born in Paterson, New Jersey, October
30, 1840, son of Thomas and Sarah (Graham)
Sumner. His ancestors on both sides were orig-
inally English. His preliminary education was ac-
quired in the public schools of Hartford, Connecticut,
and his classical studies were pursued at Yale, from
which he was graduated with the Class of 1863. He
studied Theology at Gottingen and Oxford and took
orders in the Protestant Episcopal Church in 1867 ;
was in 1870 called to the Rectorship of the Church
of the Redeemer, Morristown, New Jersey, where
he remained two years. In 1872 he was summoned
to Yale as Professor of Political and Social Science,
and has occupied that chair continuously to the
present time. He received the degree of Doctor of
Laws from the L^niversity of East Tennessee in
1884. Professor Sumner was formerly quite active

W. U. SUMXER

in public affairs, and served as a member of the
New Haven Board of Aldermen from 1873 to 1876.
C)n April 17, 1871, he married Jeannie Whittemore
Elliott, and has two sons : Eliot and Graham Sunnier.

UNIlERShriES JND Til KIR SONS

471

ALEXANDER, Stephen, 1806 1883.

Born in Schenectady, N. Y., 1806: graduated at
Union, 1824; and at Princeton Theological Seminary,
1832; Tutor, Adj. -Prof. Mathematics and Prof. Astron-
omy at Princeton; died in Princeton, N. J., 1883.

Sl'HPHEN ALKXANDER, member of the
Faculty of Princeton for fifty years, was
bora in Schenectady, New York, September i,
1S06 ; died in Princeton, New Jersey, June 2-;,
1SS3. He was graduated at Union in 1824, and
at Princeton Theological Seminary in 1832, follow-
ing which lie was a Tutor in Princeton for a year.
In 1834 he was appointed Adjunct-Professor of
Mathematics in the College, and in 1840 he was
made Professor of Astronomy. From 1845 to 1854
he occupied the Chair of Mechanics, and afterwards
that of Astronomy and Mechanics. Professor Alex-
ander was chief of the expedition that went to
Labrador to observe the solar eclipse of July i860,
and was the leader of a similar expedition sent to
the West to observe the eclipse of August 1869. A
great number of his scientific papers have been pub-
lished, many of which have been translated into
other languages.

Jersey; and since 1897 has held the position of
Assistant in Biblical Instruction in Princeton.

CRANE, Louis Burton, 1869-

Born in Mount Sterling, III., i86g ; received his early
education at the High School in Mount Sterling, and
fitted for college in the Knox Preparatory School,
Galesburg, 111 ; Freshman and Sophomore years at
Knox College, Princeton Junior and Senior, graduating
i8gi ; four years in post-graduate work, Princeton
Theological Seminary: a year and a half at Univer-
sities of Erlangen and Berlin, Germany ; Stated Sup-
ply First Presbyterian Church, Princeton, N. J., since
i8g6 ; Assistant in Biblical Instruction at Princeton
since 1897.

LOUIS BURTON CRANE, Assistant in Biblical
Instruction at Princeton, was born in Mount
Sterling, Illinois, April 23, 1869, son of Frederick
Drake and Adelaide (Wells) Crane. He received
his early education at the High School in his native
town, and in the Knox Preparatory School in Gales-
burg, Illinois, spending his Freshman and So])ho-
more years in Knox College, while the last two
years of his College life were passed in Princeton,
from which he graduated with the Class of 1891.
Hetlien entered Princeton Theological Seminary, and,
after taking the three years' and one post-graduate
course, went abroad and devoted a year and a half
to study in the German Universities of Erlangen
and Berlin. Since 1896 he has been Stated Supply
of the First Presbyterian Church of Princeton, New

ELMER, Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus, 1793-
1883.

Born in Bridgeton, N. J., 1793 ; officer in the War of
1812 ; admitted to the Bar of New Jersey, 1815 ; mem-
ber of State Assembly, 1820-23; Speaker in the last
year; U. S. Attorney for New Jersey, 1824-29: elected
Representative in Congress, 1843; Attorney General of
the State, 1850 ; Justice of the Supreme Court of New
Jersey, 1852-59 and 1861-69; LL D , Princeton, 1865;
Trustee, 1829-64; died, 1883.

LUCIUS QUINTUS CINCINNATUS ELMER.
LL.D., Trustee of Princeton, was born in
Brighton, New Jersey, February 3, 1793, only son

L. Q. C. EL.Ml.K

of General Ebenezer Elmer, a Revolutionary patriot
and the last survivor of the original members of the
Society of the Cincinnati of New Jersey. Mr. Elmer
attended a partial course at the University of Penn-
sylvania and studied law in the office of his cousin
Daniel Elmer, afterwards a Justice of the .Supreme
Court of New Jersey. On the declaration of war
with Great Britain in 1S12, he enrolled himself in
the militia, serving as Lieutenant and later as P.rigade
Major and Inspector. At the close of the War he
entered upon the practice of his profession and in
the fall of 1S20 was elected to the Legislature, serv-

472

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

ing as a member of the Assembly by annual re-
election for four years, and presided over the
deliberations of that boily as Speaker in 1S23.
In the administration of President Monroe, Mr.
Elmer held the office of United States Attorney
for New Jersey, retiring in 1829, and in 1S43 was
elected by the Democrats a Representative in Con-
gress. In 1850 he was made Attorney General of
the State, and in 1S52 was elevated to the Supreme
Bench, serving the Constitutional term of seven
years, and again was appointed upon the death of
Judge Clawson, continuing in the discharge of the
duties of that office until his retirement in 1869.
He received the honorary degree of Master of Arts
from Princeton in 1825 and that of Doctor of Laws
in 1865. He was a Trustee from 1829 to 1864.
His death occurred at his residence in Brighton, in
his ninety-first year, March 11, 1883.

HAINES, Daniel, 1801-1877.

Born in New York City, 1801 ; graduated at Prince-
ton, 1820; admitted to the Bar, 1823; member of the
Governor's Council, 1837 ; State Senator; Governor of
New Jersey, 1843 and again 1847-1850; Justice of the
Supreme Court ; Chancellor of New Jersey ; identified
with the National Prison Reform Association and the
International Congress on Prison Discipline ; Trustee
of Princeton, 1845-48; died, 1877.

DANIEL HAINES, A.M., Trustee of Princeton,
was born in New York City, January 6,
1 80 1. Graduating at Princeton with the Class of
1820, he was admitted to the Bar in 1823, and in
the following year located in Hamburg, Sussex
county. New Jersey. He practised law uninter-
ruptedly for the succeeding thirteen years, until
1837, when he was elected a member of the Execu-
tive Council, was subsequently a State Senator,
was elected Governor in 1843, again in 1847 and
twice re-elected. He afterward served as Associate
Justice of the Supreme Court, ex officio member of
the Court of Error and .\ppeals. Chancellor of the
State and member of a number of judicial com-
missions formulated for the adjustment of the
state boundary. The Insane .Asylum, Trenton, the
Soldiers' Home, Newark, and the Juvenile Reform
School, Jamesburg, were established tlirough his
instrumentality. He attended as a commissioner
the meeting of the National Prison Reform Asso-
ciation at Cincinnati, and two years later, assisted
in organizing an International Congress on Prison
Discipline in London. Governor Haines died in
Hamburg, January 26, 1877. For some years he

was President of the Sussex County Bible Society
and served as a member of the committee which
accomplished the reunion of the Presbyterian
Church. He received his Master's degree from
Princeton in course, and was chosen a Trustee of
the College in 1845.

EWING, Charles, 1780-1832.

Born in Burlington Co. N. J.. 1780; graduated
Princeton, 1798; admitted to the Bar, 1802; became
counsellor, 1812 ; Chief-Justice of the State of New
Jersey, 1824 to the time of his death ; LL.D., Jefferson,
(Pa.,) 1830; Trustee Princeton, 1820-32; died, 1832.

CHARLES EWING, LL.D., Trustee of Prince-
ton, was born in Burlington county. New
Jersey, July 8, 1780, the son of James Ewing, a

CHARLES EWING

Revolutionary patriot. He entered Princeton at the
age of sixteen years, and graduated with the highest
honors in 1 798, subsequently taking the degree of
Master of -Arts. After his admission to the Bar in
1802, he practised with success in Trenton, in 181 2
became a counsellor, and in 1824 was made Chief-
Justice of New Jersey, holding that position until
his death. Mr. Ewing was regarded in his day as
one of the most profoundly learned jurists of his
State. He received the degree of Doctor of Laws

UNIFERStriES JND THEIR SONS

473

from Jefferson (Pennsylvania) College in 1830, and
was Trustee of Princeton from 1S20 to the time of
Ills death, in Trenton.. August 5, i<S32.

HALSTED, Nathaniel Norris, 1816-1884.

Born in Elizabeth, N. J., 1816; acquired a public
school and seminary education; successful merchant
in New York City and President of the New Jersey
Rubber Company; Brigadier-General of N.J. Volun-
teers during the Civil War ; Trustee of Princeton from
1868 until his death and donor of the astronomical
observatory ; died, 1884.

N.VTHANIEI, NORRIS HALSTED, Trustee
and Benefiictor of Princeton, was born in
Elizabeth, New Jersey, August 13, 18 16. He was
educated in the public schools of New York City
and at a seminary for boys at Woodbridge, New
Jersey. He began his business career in the New
York dry-goods store of his uncle, Caleb O. Halsted,
by whom he had been adopted at an early age, and
became a partner in the concern in 1845. He
withdrew from that line of trade ten years later,
having accumulateil a handsome competency. Re-
iTioving to Newark, New Jersey, he was subsequently
chosen President of the New Jersey Rubber Com-
pany. Soon after the outbreak of the Civil War
he was appointed Lieutenant-Colonel on Governor
Olden's staff and brevetted Brigadier-General of
Yolunteers. General Halsted identified himself
with a number of worthy objects, charitable, benevo-
lent and educational, contributing generously toward
their support. He was a benefactor of the New
Jersey State ."Agricultural Society of which he was
the first President, also the New Jersey Historical
Society. He erected at a cost of $55,000 tlie Hal-
sted .Astronomical Observatory at Princeton and w'as
a Trustee of that College from 1868 until his death,
j\Lay 6, 1884.

HALSEY, Luther, 1794-1880.

Born in Schenectady, N. Y., 1794; graduated Union
College, 1812 ; Professor of Natural Philosophy, Chem-
istry and Natural History at Princeton, 1824-29 ; Pro-
fessor of Theology at the Allegheny Theological
Seminary, 1829-37; Professor of Ecclesiastical History
and Church Polity at Auburn Theological Seminary,
1837-44; Professor of same at Union Theological Sem-
inary, New York City, 1847-50; D.D., Princeton, 1831 ;
LL.D. Washington and Jefferson ; died, 1880.

LUTHER HALSEY, D.D., LL.D., Professor of
Natural Philosophy, Cheinistry and Natural
History at Princeton, was born in Schenectady,

New York, January i, i 794, and graduated at Union
College in that place in the Class of 181 2. He was
called to the Chair of Philosojjhy, Chemistry and
Natural History at Princeton in 1S24, leaving that
position after five years' service to become Professor
of Theology in the Western Theological Seminary at
Allegheiiy, I'cnnsylvania, where he also was Lec-
turer on Pastoral Theology. He afterwards held
the Chair of Ecclesiastical History and Church Polity
at the .\uburn. New York, Theological Seminary,
resigning in 1844, but resuming his educational
work in 1847 as Professor of Church History in

LUIHER HA15EV

L^nion Theological Seminary, New York City, where
he was occupied until his retirement in 1850. He
received the degree of Doctor of Divinity from
Princeton in 1831, and that of Doctor of Laws from
Washington and Jefferson. He died in Morris-
town, Pennsylvania, October 29, 1880.

HODGE, Archibald Alexander, 1823-1886.

Born in Princeton, 1S23 ; graduate of Princeton, 1841 ;
and of the Theological Seminary, 1847 ; missionary in
India three years; held Pastorates in Maryland, Vir-
ginia and Pennsylvania ; chosen Professor of Didactic
History and Polemic Theology at the Allegheny Sem-
inary, 1864; called to the Princeton Theological
Seminary in 1877 to assist his father Professor Charles
Hodge; succeeded the latter in 1878; Editor of the

474

UNIFERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

Presbyterian Review; Trustee of the University,
1881-86; died, 1886.

ARCHIBALn ALEXANDER HODGE, D.D.,
LL.D., Trustee of Princeton, son of Dr.
Charles Hodge, was born in Princeton, July 18, 1823.
He graduated from Princeton in 1841 and from the
Theological Seminary in 1847, afterward spending
three years in India as a missionary. From 1851
to 1877 he held Pastorships in Lower West Notting-
ham, Maryland, Fredericksburg, Virginia, Wilkes-
barre and Allegheny, Pennsylvania, and was Pro-
fessor of Didactic History and Polemic Theology at
the Western Theological Seminary, Allegheny. In
1877 he became Associate Professor of these studies
at the Princeton Seminary, assisting his father until
the latter's death in 1S7S, when he succeeded to the
Chair and retained it for the rest of his life. He
was chosen a Trustee of Princeton in 1881. Besides
his Bachelor's and Master's degrees he received from
his a/j/ni mater the degree of Doctor of Divinity in
1862, and that of Doctor of Laws from Wooster Uni-
versity (Ohio) in 1880. Dr. Hodge died November
II, 1886. His published works are: Outlines of
Theology, translated into Welsh, Modern Greek and
Hindustani ; The Atonement, a Commentary on the
Confession of Faith ; Manual of Forms and The
Life of Charles Hodge, and his theological lectures
were issued after his death. He also wrote numer-
ous short articles and was at one time connected with
the editorial department of the Presbyterian Review.

HODGE, Charles, 1797-1878.

Born in Philadelphia, 1797 ; graduated at Princeton,
1815, and at the Theological Seminary, i8ig ; Instructor
in the latter, 1820 ; Professor of Oriental Languages,
1822, of Exegesis and Didactic Theology, 1840, of Po-
lemic Theology, 1854 ; at Princeton Theological Semi-
nary ; founder and for many years Editor of the
Princeton Review, writer of note, and a Trustee of
Princeton, 1850-1878; died, 1878.

CHARLES HODGE, D.D., LL.D., Trustee
of Princeton, was born in Philadelphia,
December 28, 1797. His preparatory studies were
pursued at the Somerville Academy, New Jersey,
and he was graduated from Princeton in 1815, and
from the Theological Seminary four years later. He
entered upon the long and successful career of an
educator in 1820, as Instructor at the Princeton
Theological Seminary, and joined the Faculty in
1822, taking the Chair of Oriental Languages and
Literature. He subsequently went abroad for
further study, remaining two years and pursuing

courses at the Paris, Berlin and Halle LTniversities.
Resuming his Faculty duties in 1828 he was
appointed Professor of Kxegetical and 1 )idactic
Theology in 1840. The study of Polemic Theology
was added to his department in 1S54. In 1825 he
founded the ISililical Repertory, which was renamed
in 1829 the Biblical Repertory and Princeton
Review, and continued as its Editor until 1871,
when its name was again changed to the Presby-
terian Quarterly and Princeton Review. He was
chosen Moderator of the General Assembly of old-
school Presbyterian churches in 1846, and served
upon a committee appointed to revise the Book of
Discipline in 1858. For many years he was con-
sidered one of the foremost leaders of Presbyterian
thought in the LInited States, and his controversial
arguments were at all times forcible, logical and
fair. His fifty-six years' membership of the Prince-
ton Theological Seminary Faculty is one of the
longest on record, and he acted as a Trustee of
Princeton from 1S50 until his death, June 19, 1878.
I)r. Hodge was made a Master of Arts by Prince-
ton in course, a Doctor of Divinity by Rutgers in
iS34,and a Doctor of Laws by Washington in 1S64.
Beside his chief literary production Systematic
Theology, he was the author of Commentaries on
the Epistles to the Romans, Ephesians and Corin-
thians; Constitutional History of the Presbyterian
Church in the United States ; The Way of Life ;
What is Darwinism? and essays and reviews. On
the occasion of his fiftieth anniversary as a theo-
logical Professor (1S72) the Alumni established
the Charles Hodge Professorship with an endow-
ment of $50,000, at the same time presenting Dr.
Hodge with a fund of $15,000, and a volume was
issued commemorative of the event.

LIVINGOOD, Louis Eugene, 1868-1898.

Born in Reading, Penn., 1868; early education at a
private school in Reading, and at Media Academy,
Media, Penn. ; studied for a year in Berlin, Germany,
and in Lausanne, Switzerland; A.B., Princeton Uni-
versity, i8go; Instructor in French and German at
Princeton, 1890-92; graduated from the Medical School
of the University of Penn., 1895; Fellowship in Path-
ology at Johns Hopkins University, 1895 96; Assistant
in Pathology and Resident Bacteriologist in Johns
Hopkins Hospital, 1896; Associate in Pathology at
Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1898. Lost at sea on La
Bourgogne, i8g8.

GUIS EUGENE LIVINGOOD, M.D.. In-
structor in French and German at Prince-
ton, and later Associate in Pathology and Resident

UNIVERSITIES ANB rilEIR SONS

Bacteriologist in the Johns Hopkins Hosi)ital, was
born in Reading, Pennsylvania, June 22, 1868, son
of Jacob Seltzer and Lucy Jane (Shakers) Livingood.
His ancestors were among the early settlers of Penn-
sylvania, coming to America from Alsace in 1710
and making their permanent home in 1723 in Berks
county, where their descenchmts still live. Many of
his ancestors were jihysicians, among them being
Dr, Michael Tryon, a French military surgeon, who
came to this country from Alsace in 1751. Until
fifteen years of age Dr. Livingood attended a
private school in Reading, and then spent two

LOUIS E. LIVINGOOD

years at Media Academy, Media, Pennsylvania.
He then went abroad for a year, studying in Berlin
and Lausanne. Returning to the United States, he
entered Princeton College, and immediately upon
his graduation, with the Class of 1890, received the
appointment of Instructor in French and German
at that institution, which position he filled for two
years, his vacation being spent abroad in further
study. While at Princeton he was associated with
Professor George McLean Harper in the prepara-
tion of an edition of Les Contes de Balzac. In
1892 he entered the Medical School of the Llni-
versity of Pennsylvania and graduated with high
honors in the Class of 1895. The following year,
while an Interne at Johns Hopkins Hospital, he re-

ceived a Fellowship in Pathology, with a summer
abroad, and in 1S96 was uKule Assistant in Path-
ology and Resident Bacteriologist in the Johns
Hopkins Hospital where he was steadily engaged
uj) to the time of iiis death. In addition to his
regular work, and a course of Lectures for post-
graduate physicians, Dr. Livingood conducted many
interesting researches and contributed many valu-
able papers to the Johns Hopkins Bulletin and to
the Centralblatt fiir Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde
und Infektionskrankheiten, the more notable being
On Tumors in the Mouse, Brain Diseases, and
Growth of Bacteria upon the Media from Animal
Organs. In June 1S9S, he was ajjpointed Associate
in Pathology to Dr. Wm. H. U'elch at Johns Hop-
kins, and was on his way to pursue his studies, on
six months' leave, at Vienna when he shared the
fate of La Bourgoyne, July 4, i8g8.

BURROWES, George, 1811-1894.

Born in Trenton, N.J., 1811; graduated from Prince-
ton and the Theological Seminary ; engaged in Pas-
toral labor from 183610 1850; Professor of Latin and
Greek at Lafayette five years; preached in Newton,
Pa., two years; founded University College, San
Francisco, Cal., 1859 ; established a school at Univer-
sity Mound, Cal., in 1869 and was Principal of it till
1873; became Professor of Hebrew at the Presby-
terian Theological Seminary, San Francisco in 1872
and took the Chair of Greek Exegesis in 1875 ; died, 1894.

GEORGE BURROWES, D.D., Tutor at
Princeton, was born in Trenton, New
Jersey, April 3, 181 1. He was graduated at
Princeton in 1832 and acted as Tutor at the Col-
lege for two years while pursuing his theological
course. The Newcastle Presbytery licensed him to
preach in 1836 and a call to a Pastorate at West
Nottingham, Maryland, the same year resulted in
his remaining there until 1850. For the succeed-
ing five years he held the Chair of Latin and Greek
at Lafayette and from 1857 to 1859 was Pastor of
a church in Newton, Pennsylvania. In the latter
year he was sent to San Francisco, California, by
the Presbyterian Board of Education and shortly
after his arrival he founded the City College, now
University College. In 1865 he again joined the
Faculty of Lafayette, remaining four years. He
returned to the Pacific Coast in 1869 and estab-
lished at University Mound, near San Francisco, a
large school of which he was principal until 1873.
In 1872 he was called to the Chair of Biblical and
Oriental Literature at the California 'i'heological

476

tJNlVERSiri£S AND THEIR SONS

Seminary, and three years later was chosen Pro-
fessor of Greek lixcgesis. Professor Burrowes died
in 1894. Washington College, Pennsylvania made
him a Doctor of Divinity in 1853. He wrote:
Commentary on the Songs of Solomon ; Octorara,
a Poem and Occasional Pieces ; Advanced Growth
of Grace ; and numerous articles for periodical
literature.

ORTMANN, Arnold Edward, 1863-

Born in Magdeburg, Prussia, 1863; early education
Preparatory School in Magdeburg and Gymnasium of
Schleusingen, Thuringia ; graduated from the Univer-
sities of Jena and Kiel, receiving Ph.D. from Jena
1886 ; Assistant in the Botanical Laboratory of the
University of Jena, 1885-86; Second Assistant of the
Paleontological Collections of the University of Strass-
burg in Alsace, 1886; First Assistant in the Museum
of Natural History of the City of Strassburg from
1887 to 1893; Assistant of Zoological Collections of the
University of Strassburg, 1893-94; Curator of Inverte-
brate Paleontology, E. M. Museum of Geology, Prince-
ton, 1894-

ARNOLD EDWARD ORTMANN, Ph.D.,
Curator of Invertebrate Paleontology at
Princeton, was born in Magdeburg, Prussia, April 8,
1863, son of Professor Dr. Edward Franz and Ber-
tha (Lorenz) Ortmann. He was fitted for College
in a Preparatory School in Magdeburg, where he
studied from 1869 to 1873, ^'^o in the Gymnasium
of Schleusingen in Thuringia, where he remained
from 1873 to 1882. After talcing a four years'
course at the Universities of Jena and Kiel, he took
his degree of Doctor of Philosophy from Jena Uni-
versity March 26, 1886. During the last year of his
College life (1SS5-1886) he was an Assistant in the
Botanical Laboratory of the University of Jena. Im-
mediately after taking his degree he became Second
Assistant of the Paleontological Collections of the
University of Strassburg in Alsace. From 1887 to
1893 he was First Assistant in the Museum of Na-
tural History of Strassburg. and in r893 ^^^^ ap-
pointed Assistant of the Zoological Collections of the
same University, an office he filled for a year, when
he came to America to accept the position of Cura-
tor of Invertebrate Paleontology in the E. M.
Museum of Geology at Princeton, entering upon his
duties in October 1894. While a student in the
Universities of Jena and Kiel, he was for a year
(1882-1883) Volunteer in the German .•\rmy, —
Fifth Thuringian Infantry, No. 94, — and on March
28, 1883, he qualified as Lieutenant of the Reserves.
Professor Ortmann's original scientific works are :

Professor Doderlein's Collections in Japan, — Bry-
ozoa, Cephalopoda, Crustaceans, — published chielly
in Zoologische Jahrbiicher ; German Plankton Ex-
pedition : Crustaceans (Decapods and Schizopods) ;
Collections of the United States Fish Commission,
Steamer Albatross, — West Coast of .-America :
Pelagic Schizopoda; Professor Semon's Collec-
tions in Australia : Crustaceans, Jenaische Denk-
schriften ; Grundziige der Marinen Thiergeographie.
He has also contributed a number of articles to tlie
following periodicals : Zoologische Jahrbiicher ; Zo-
blogischer Anzeiger ; Biologisches Centralblatt ; Ar-

r^*%

^'*'^^"

.^A

\^ k

^^^^^^L "^^^^^iTT^^ s.

ARNOLD E. ORTM.ANN

chiv fiir Naturgeschichte ; Zeitschrift fiir Wissen-
schaftliche Zoologie ; Proceedings of the Academy
of Natural Science, Philadelphia ; Proceedings of the
American Philosophical Society ; American Journal
of Science ; American Naturalist ; Science ; Revista
do Museu Paulista (Brazil) and others. In 1890-
189T he was sent on a scientific collecting expedition
to the Eastern coast of Africa in the interest of the
Strassburg Museum. He is at present occupied
with the continuation of the Decapods in Bronn's
Klassen und Ordnungen des Thierreichs, and the
working up of the Invertebrate Paleontology of Mr.
Hatcher's collections in Patagonia. He was married
December 5, 1894, to Anna Zaiss. They have two
children : Bertha Anna and Hilda Johanna Ortmann.

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

PRIEST, George Madison, 1873-

Born in Henderson, Ky., 1873 ; fitted for College in
the public and the High School of Henderson, Ky. ;
graduated Princeton, 1894; studied Germanics, in Ber-
lin, 1894-95; appointed Instructor in German in School
of Science at Princeton, 1895.

GEORGE MADltiUN PRIEST, A.M., Instruc-
tor in German at Princeton, was born in
Henderson, Kentucky, January 25, 1873, son of
George Madison and Pliilura (Lambert) Priest.
He is of Dutch ancestry. He was fitted for Col-
lege in the public and High School of Henderson,

GEORGE M. PRIEST

Kentucky, and after graduated from Princeton with
the Class of 1894. During his College course he
made a study of modern languages and after
graduating went abroad and spent a year in the
study of Germanics in Berlin. He returned to
America in 1895 to accept the position of Instruc-
tor in German in the School of Science, Princeton,
and he still continues to fill this position. He was
Boudinot Fellow in modern languages for the year
1S94-1S95. He has taken no part in politics. He
is unmarried.

REED, Joseph, 1741-1785.

Born in Trenton. N. J., 1741 ; graduated Princeton,
1757 ; law student in Middle Temple, London, 1763-65;
appointed Deputy Secretary of New Jersey, 1767 ;
member of Committee of Correspondence for Philadel-

phia, 1774; President of the Second Provincial Con-
gress, 1775 ; Lieutenant-Colonel and Military Secretary
to General Washington: represented Washington in
conference with Admiral Howe. 1776; Brigadier-Gen-
eral, 1777; appointed the first Chief-Justice of Pennsyl-
vania under the new Constitution. 1777 ; elected to the
Continental Congress, 1777; President of the Supreme
Executive Council of Pennsylvania, 1778-81 ; Trustee
of Princeton, 1780-85; died, 1785.

JOSEPH REED, 'Prustee of Princeton, was born
in Trenton, New Jersey, .Xugust 24, 1741.
He graduated at Princeton in 1757, studying law
with Robert Stockton and being admitted to the
Bar in 1763, after which he passed two years as a
student in the Middle Temple, London. He visited
England again in 1770, when he married I^sther
DeViedt, returning to this country and settling in
Philadelphia in the practice of his profession. In
the troublous times preceding the revolt of the Col-
onies, Mr. Reed took an active part in the movements
for liberty. He was a member of the Committee
of Correspondence for Philadelphia, and in 1775
was President of the Provincial Congress. He
took up arms at once with the Militia after the
Battle of Lexington, leaving his law practice to
become Military Secretary of General Washington
on his appointment to the command of the .•\meri-
can forces. He was appointed Adjutant-General of
the Army, in 1776, with the rank of Colonel, and
in the following year at General Washington's solici-
tation, he was made Brigadier-General, and tendered
command of all the American cavalry, kx. the
same time he was appointed the first Chief-Justice
of Pennsylvania under the new Constitution. De-
clining both these honors he remained attached
as a Volunteer Aide at Washington's headquarters,
without rank or pay, serving with distinction in the
Battles of Brandywine, Germantown and Monmouth.
In 1778 he was chosen President of the Supreme
Executive Council of Pennsylvania, and during his
administration he aided in founding the University
of Pennsylvania, kx. the close of the War he re-
sumed the practice of his profession in Philadel-
phia. He was elected to Congress but did not take
his seat. He received the degree of Master of Arts
from the University of Pennsylvania in 1766, and
was Trustee of Princeton from 17S0 to the time of
his death, in Philadelphia, March 5, 1785. His son,
Jose])h Reed, born in Philadelphia, July 11, 1772,
was graduated at Princeton in the Class of 1792 and
then studied law. He was Prothonotary of the Su-
preme Court, 1S00-1S09, .Attorney-General of Penn-
sylvania, 18 10-181 1, and Recorder of tiie City of
Philadelphia, 1810-1S29. He died March 4. 1S46.

47^

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

PIERSON, John, 1770.

Graduated at Yale, 1711 ; Pastor at Woodbridge, N.
J. ; Moderator Synod of the Presbyterian Church ;
Trustee of Princeton, 1748-65 ; died, 1770.

JOHN PIERSON, A.M., one of the founders and
a Trustee of Princeton, under both charters,
was graduated at Vale in 1711. He was the son of
Rev. .^braliam Pierson, first President or Rector of
Yale. He was settled as Pastor at Woodbritlge,
New Jersey, and was elected Moderator of the
Synod of the Presbyterian Church in i 749. Rev.
Mr. Pierson's service as Trustee of Princeton covered
a period of seventeen years, from 1748 until his
resignation in 1765. He died in 1770.

STEWART, George Black, 1854-

Born in Columbus, O., 1854; prepared for College in
the public schools in Columbus, O. ; graduated Prince-
ton, 1876 ; studied at the Theological Seminary of the
Northwest at Chicago; graduated from Auburn Theo-
logical Seminary, 1879; ordained to the Ministry;
installed Pastor of Calvary Presbyterian Church at
Auburn, N. Y., 1879 ; Pastor of the Market Square
Presbyterian Church in Harrisburg, Pa., 1884; Pres-
ident of Auburn Theological Seminary and Professor
of Practical Theology, 1899; Trustee Princeton since
1887.

GEORGE BLACK STEWART, D.D., Trustee
of Princeton, was born in Columbus, Ohio,
February 2S, 1S54, son of Alexander Adams and
Susannah (Black) Stewart. He is of Scotch-Irish
ancestry on both sides of the femiily, both his pa-
ternal and maternal ancestors coming to this coun-
try about 1836. Members of both the Stewart and
Pilack families served in the army at the time of the
Revolutionary Wa.x. He was prepared for College
at public schools in Columbus, Ohio, and graduated
from the College of New Jersey in the Class of 1S76.
The year immediately following his graduation he
spent in study at the Theological Seminary of tlie
Northwest in Chicago, Illinois, and the next two
years he pursued his theological studies at Auburn
Theological Seminary, from which he graduated in
1879. He was ordained to the Presbyterian min-
istry by the Presbytery of Cayuga, New York, in
1879, and at the same time was installed Pastor of
Calvary Presbyterian Church in Auburn, New York.
He held this Pastorate for five years and in 1S84
resigned to accept the charge of the Market Square
Presbyterian Church at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
In May 1899 he was elected President of Auburn
Tlieological Seminary and Professor of Practical
Theology. This call he accepted, and in September

of that year terminated his labors at Harrisburg and
assumed his new duties at .-Vuburn. During the
years 1885 to 1S99 he has held various offices,
having been a Trustee of Wilson College for ^\'omen
since 1885, a Trustee of Princeton since 1887,
President of Pennsylvania Christian Endeavor Union

GEO. B. STEWART

from 1890 to 1892, and President of Pennsylvania
Chautauqua from 1892 to 1897. Since 1898 he
has also been a Trustee of the United Society of
Christian Endeavor. Dr. Stewart has received the
degree of Master of Arts from Princeton, and that of
Doctor of Divinity from Washington and Jefferson.
He was married June 18, 1879, to Mary Adaline
Thompson. They have four children : Helen,
Harris Bates, George Black and Weir Stewart.

SCUDDER, Nathaniel, 1733-1781.

Born near Huntington, Long Island, N. Y., 1733;
graduated Princeton, 1751 ; studied and practised med-
icine in Monmouth county, N. J. ; Colonel of Militia in
Revolutionary War, 1777; delegate to Congress from
New Jersey, 1777-1779; Trustee of Princeton, 1778-82;
killed in action, 1781.

NATHANIEL SCUDDER, M.D., Trustee of
Princeton, was born on Long Island, New
York, near Huntington, May 10, 1733. He grad-

UNIVERSITIES ANT) THEIR SONS

479

uated at Princeton in 1751, studied medicine and
was in enjoyment of a large practice as physician
in Moumontii county, New Jersey, wlien tlie upris-
ing for Independence took place. At the very
beginning of hostilities, Dr. Scudder entered the
New Jersey Militia, as Lieutenant-Colonel, and the
following year, 1777, was made Colonel. He was
also sent as a delegate to Congress and was an
urgent advocate of corporation of the Colonies.
His service in Congress covered the two years,
1777-1779, and from 1778 to 1782 — according to
the records, his name being retained after his death
— he was a Trustee of Princeton. He was killed
October 17, 17S1, while leading a battalion of his
regiment in an engagement with a force of British
troops and Tories near Shrewsbury, New Jersey, and
was buried with the honors of war, the only member
of Congress killed in battle during the Revolution.

STOCKTON, Richard, 1764-1828.

Born near Princeton, 1764 ; graduated, Princeton, 1779 ;
admitted to the Bar, 1784; Presidential Elector, 1792;
U. S. Senator, 1796; Representative to Congress,
1813 ; Trustee of Princeton, 1791-1828 ; LL.D. Queen's
College (Rutgers), 1815 ; Union, 1816 ; died, 1828.

RICHARD STOCKTON, LL.D., Trustee of
Princeton, son of Richard, signer of the
Declaration of Independence, and Annis (Boudinot)
Stockton, was born at the family seat near Prince-
ton, New Jersey, April 17, 1764. He was graduated
at Princeton with the Class of 1779, studied law
with liis uncle Elias Boudinot, in Newark, New
Jersey, and in 1784 entered upon the practice of
his profession in his native city. He was chosen
a Presidential Elector in 1792, and served in the
United States Senate the unexpired term of Fred-
erick Frelinghuysen, who resigned in 1796. He
declined re-election, but accepted in 1813 election
as Representative in Congress. Mr. Stockton pos-
sessed profound legal knowledge, and in 1825 was
appointed one of the Commissioners on the part of
New Jersey to settle a boundary dispute with New
York. In 181 5 he received the degree of Doctor
of Laws from Queen's College (now Rutgers) and
in 1 8 1 6 from Union. He was Trustee of Princeton
from I 791 to the time of his death, March 7, 1828.

Presbyterian Church, 1770 ; succeeded William Ten-
nent at Freehold, N. J., 1779; Trustee of Princeton
1780 to the time of his death ; one of the founders of
Princeton Theological Seminary, 1812; D.D., Yale,
1798; died, 1824.

JOHN WOODHULL, D.D., 'I'rustee of Prince-
ton, was born in Miller's Place Long Island,
New York, January 26, 1 744, and graduated at
Princeton in 1766, receiving the degree of Master
of Arts in course. After studying theology with the
Rev. John Blair, he filled the Pastorate of the Pres-
byterian Church at Leacock, Lancaster county,
Pennsylvania, for ten years from 1770, then accept-

WOODHULL, John, 1744-1824.

Born in Miller's Place, Long Island, N. Y., 1744;
graduated Princeton, 1766 ; Pastor of Leacock, Penn.,

JOHN WOODHULL

ing a call to Freehold, New Jersey, to succeed the
Rev. William Tennent. It was during his ministry
at Leacock that, in 1777, he induced all the male
members of his congregation to arm themselves and
march to the relief of Washington at Valley Forge,
accompanying them as Chaplain. Dr. Woodhull
was one of the Committee appointed by the Synod
in 1785, which formulated the present system of
government and discipline of the Presbyterian
Church, and was also one of the founders of the
Princeton Theological Seminary. Yale conferred
upon him the degree of Doctor of Divinity in i 798,
and he was a Trustee of Princeton from 1 780 to
his death, in Freehold, New Jersey, November
22, 1824.

480

VNIVERSiriES AND rHEIR SONS

BLACK, Adolph, 1868-

Born in Cairo, 111., 1868; studied at the College of the
City of New York for two years and at the Cooper
Institute School of Science for four years; graduated
from Columbia School of Mines, (C.E. 1894) ; Assistant
in the Department of Civil Engineering, 1894-96;
Tutor since 1896; Instructor in Drawing and Mathe-
matics in the Twenty-third Street Branch of the Y. M.
C. A. ; Instructor Summer School of Surveying for
several years, and Assistant in Summer School of
Geodesy.

ADOLPH BLACK, C.E., Tutor in Civil En-
gineering at Columbia, was born in Cairo,
Illinois, September 13. 1868. He was the son of

ADOLPH BLACK

Simon and Minna Black, who came to America
from Prussia in 1S50. Adolph Black received his
early education in private schools in South Africa
and England, and in the New York City public
schools. He was a student at the College of the
City of New York for two years, and spent the four
following years in study at the Cooper Institute
School of Sciences. Deciding to follow a profession
for which he had a marked inclination, he took the
course in Civil Engineering at the School of Mines
of Columbia, graduating in 1894. After his gradu-
ation he became Assistant in the Department of
Civil Engineering at the University, and held this
position during the following two years, when in

recognition of the value of his services he was made
a Tutor there. Besides attending to a wide general
practice in civil and sanitary engineering and archi-
tecture, and his work at Columbia, Mr. lilack has
for some time been Instructor in Meclianical draw-
ing and Mathematics in the Twenty-third Street
liranch of the Young Men's Christian Association.
He also held for several years the post of Instructor
in the Summer School of Surveying, and was Assis-
tant in the Summer School of Geodesy. Though
the multiplicity of his professional duties leaves him
little time for outside interests, Mr. Black still man-
ages to take an active interest in two scientific
societies, the American Society of Civil P^ngineers
of which he is a junior member, and the Ethical
Culture Society.

BOLTON, Henry Carrington, 1843-

Born in New York City, 1843 ; educated at Columbia
and abroad; was Assistant in Analytical Chemistry at
the Columbia School of Mines, 1S72-77 ; Professor of
Chemistry at the Women's Medical College, N. Y.,
for three years ; Professor of Chemistry and Natural
Science at Trinity College, Hartford, iZ-j-j-Zy.

HENRY CARRINGTON BOLTON, Ph.D.,
Assistant at the Columbia School of Mines,
was born in New York City, January 28, 1S43. He
was graduated at Columbia in 1862, receiving his
Master's degree four years later, and completed his
education in Europe, studying in Paris, Heidelberg,
Berlin and Gottingen, receiving from the Georgia
Augusta University of the last named city the degree
of Doctor of Philosophy in 1S66. In 1872 he be-
came Assistant in Analytical Chemistry at the School
of Mines connected with Columbia, having charge
for five years of the Laboratory of Quantitative
Analysis. From 1874 to 1877 he occupied the
Chair of Chemistry at the Women's Medical Col-
lege of the New York Infirmary, which he resigned
to accept the Professorship of Chemistry and Natural
Science at Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut,
where he remained at the head of that Department
for ten years. In 18S7, Dr. Bolton resigned from
Trinity College, retired from teaching and resumed
his residence in New York City. He has been a
great traveller, both for pleasure and for scientific
purposes. It is estimated that his journeys for the
investigation of the peculiar natural phenomenon
known as " musical sand " have aggregated thirty-
three thousand miles. In his work of bibliography
to which he has devoted great labor and in which
he has produced monumental results, he has found

UNJIKKSmES AND THEIR SONS

481

it necessary to visit all the great libraries of Europe
frequently and for prolonged periods. Dr. Bolton
was General Secretary of the American Association
for the Advancement of Science for the years 187S,
1S79 and 1890, and was elected Vice-President in
1882. He held the office of Secretary of the New
York Academy of Sciences for many years, becoming
Vice-President in 1892 and President in 1893. In
1 89 2 he was elected by the Trustees of The Colum-
bian I'niversity, Washington, District of Columbia,
Non-Resident Professor of the History of Chemistry,
delivering lectures on that topic. He conducted a
yearly record of the progress of Chemistry for the
annual reports of the Smithsonian Institute from 1SS3
for a number of years. He has collected and pub-
lished all of the available writings relating to uranium
and manganese, has compiled a Catalogue of scien-
tific and technical periodicals, has edited a number
of text-books, and is the author of Student's Guide
in Quantitative Analysis. Many of his scientific
papers have been printed in the American Chemist,
the I,ondon Chemical News, and in the proceedings
of learned societies of which he is a member. His
contributions to the history of chemistry are volumi-
nous and of great variety in their scope. He
was one of the founders of the American Folk Lore
Society and is a frequent contributor to the Journal
of the society. From 1898 to 1900 he was Presi-
dent of the Library Association of Washington City.
In 1893 he married Henrietta Irving, great-grand-
niece of Washington Irving, and after a year's travel
took up his residence in Washington, District of
Columbia.

wich, Massachusetts. He was for a time a student
at (Aunbedand University, Lebanon, Tennessee, but
graduated from Amherst College in 1867, and
shortly after his admission to the Bar in 1869, took
the Chair of English Literature and Political Econ-
omy at Knox College, where he remained two
years. In 1S71 he went to Europe for the purpose
of studying public law and political science, passing
two years at the Universities of Gottingen, Leipzig
and Berlin. Upon liis return he went to Amherst,
as Professor of History and Political Science, which
chair he filled from 1873 to 1876. Called to

BURGESS, John William, 1844-

Born in Giles county, Tenn., 1844; graduate of Am-
herst, 1867; admitted to the Bar in iS6g; became Pro-
fessor of English Literature and Political Economy at
Knox College the same year ; studied abroad two years ;
subsequently Professor of History and Political Science
at Amherst ; Lecturer on Public Law at Columbia,
1875-75 ; afterward appointed Professor of History,
Political Science and International Law; Dean of the
Faculty of Political Science, 1890; elected a member of
the University Council the same year.

JOHN WILLIAM BURGESS, Ph.D., LL.D.,
Dean of the Political Science Faculty of
Columbia, was born in Giles county, Tennessee,
August 26, 1844, He is the son of Thomas and
Mary (Edwards) Burgess, descendant of Thomas
Burgess who came to Plymouth about 1635, and
became one of the founders of the town of Sand-
voL. n. — 31

JOHN W. BURGESS

Columbia as Lecturer in Public Law, he was chosen
in 1876 Professor of History, Political Science and
International Law in the Academic Department, and
of Public Law and Political Science in the Law
School. The title of the last named chair was
changed in 1878 to International and Constitutional
Law and Political Science. Two years later he took
the Professorship of Constitutional and International
History and Law in the School of Political Science,
became Dean of its Faculty in 1890, and a member
of the University Council the same year. The
present title of his professorship at Columbia is
Political Science and Constitutional Law. Professor
Burgess received his Bachelor's and Master's degrees
from Amherst in course, and that of Doctor of Laws

482

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

was given him by the same College in 1884.
Princeton conferred upon him the honorary degree
of Doctor of Philosophy in 1883. He has pub-
lished a work on Political Science and Con-
stitutional Law, two volumes ; the Middle Period,
Scribner's American History Series ; and many
magazine articles. Professor Burgess is a Repub-
lican in politics, and is a member of the Church,
the City and Barnard Clubs.

LEAMING, Edward, 1861-

Born in New York City, 1861 ; fitted for College at
the Columbia Grammar School; entered the School of
Arts of Columbia, but transferred after one year to the
chemical course in the School of Mines; left College
before graduation to enter the photographic business :
entered the College of Physicians and Surgeons of
Columbia in i88g, graduating in 1892; Assistant in
Photography at Columbia, 1893 ; Instructor, 1895-

EDWARD LEAMING, M.D., F.R.P.S., In-
structor in Photography at Columbia, was
born in ihe City of New York, September i, 1861.

EDWARD LEAMING

His father, James Rosebrugh Learning, M.U., traced
his ancestry to Johannes de Lemyng of Yorkshire,
England, in 1305. The first representative of the
family in this country was Christopher Leamying,
one of the early settlers of Southampton, Long

Island. Young Learning received his e:irly school-
ing at DeClarmo Institute, a boys' school at Rhine-
beck-on-the-Hudson, New York. He jirepared for
College at the Columbia Grammar School in New
York City, and then entered the School of .\rts at
Columbia. After one year's study there he trans-
ferred to the School of Mines, taking the chemical
course. He left College before his graduation to
go into the business of photography in New York
City. After three years' business he entered the
College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia,
graduating in 1892. During the summer of 1890
he attended the summer session at the University of
Edinburgh, Scotland, taking the course in anatomy
under Sir William Turner, and after a severe com-
petitive examination was awarded the first or senior
medal. In the year following his graduation from the
College of Physicians and Surgeons he was appointed
Assistant in Photography at Columbia, and two
years later was promoted to the post of Instructor
in Photography, which he still retains. He mar-
ried, June 14, 1893, Lula Mae Smith, and they have
one child, Helen Rosebrugh Learning. Dr. Leam-
ing has done considerable work in the way of the
ilhistrations of books. He illustrated Professor
Wilson's Atlas of Fertilization and Karyokinesis of
the Ovum and the Atlas of Nerve Cells of L>rs. Starr
and Strong. Dr. Leaming is a Life Fellow of the
Royal Photographic Society of Great Britain, a life
member of the Photographic Society of India, and a
member of the Camera Club of New York, the
Camera Club of London, the New York Pathological
Society, the Sons of the Revolution and the Century
Association of New York. He has no settled polit-
ical convictions.

BUTLER, Nicholas Murray, 1862-

Born in Elizabeth, N. J., 1862 ; A.B., Columbia, 1882 ;
A.M., 1883; Ph.D., 1884; University Fellow in Philos-
ophy, 1882-85 ; student at the Universities of Berlin
and Paris. 1884-85 ; Assistant in Philosophy, Columbia,
1885-86; Tutor, 1886; Adjunct Professor, 1889; Profes-
sor of Philosophy, Ethics and Psychology and Lecturer
on the History and Institutes of Education, i8go; Pro-
fessor of Philosophy and Education, 1895; President of
the New York College for the Training of Teachers,
1887-91 ; Editor of the Educational Review, 1891-

NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER, Ph.D., Pro-
fessor of Philosophy and Education at
Columbia, was born in Elizabeth, New Jersey, 1862.
His parents were Henry L. Butler and Mary J.
Murray, daughter of the Rev. Dr. Nicholas Murray,
well-known as a writer under the pen-name of

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

4^3

'• Kirw.in." Professor Biitlcr was a stiulent in the
public schools of Paterson, New Jersey, in his boy-
hood, and entered Columbia in 1878, taking his
degree in 1882. On his graduation he was ap-
pointed to a University Fellowship in Philosophy,
and studied on this foundation for three years. He
received the degree of Master of Arts from Columbia
in 1883, and was made a Doctor of Philosophy in
1884. In that year he went abroad, and spent the
following twelve months in study at the Universi-
ties of Berlin and Paris. On his return to America
in 1885 he was made an Assistant in Philosophy in
his a/ma mater, was promoted to Tutor in the fol-
lowing year, and in 18S9 was made Atljunct Pro-
fessor. He was made Professor of Philosophy,
Ethics and Psychology and Lecturer on the History
of the Institutes of Education in 1890, and since
1895 ^^s occupied the Chair of Philosophy and
Education at the University. He was made Dean
of the (graduate) Faculty of Philosopliy on its or-
ganization in 1S90, and still holds that office. Pro-
fessor Butler has been active in educational work
both in his native state and in New York. He was
a member of the New Jersey State Board of Educa-
tion from 1S88 to 1895, President of the Paterson
(New Jersey) School Commission in 1 89 2-1 893,
President of the New Jersey Council of Education,
1 89 1, a member of the College Council of New
York State from 1892 to 1896, and President of
the College Association of the Middle States and
Maryland in 1895. He was President of the Na-
tional Educational Association in 1895. Four years,
from 1887 to 1 89 1, Professor Butler served as Presi-
dent of the New York College for the training of
teachers, having planned and founded the institution
(now a part of Columbia University) in the former
year. He is also a member of the National Edu-
cational Association (President, 1S95, Trustee, 1896-
1898), the American Psychological Association, the
National Council of Education, New York Academy
of Sciences, American Historical Association, Ameri-
can Economic Association ; and the Society for
Psychical Research among Scientific bodies, and
the Century, Authors', Players' and City Clubs of
New York among social organizations. Professor
Butler is widely known in educational circles as the
writer of numerous articles on educational and
kindred subjects and as the Editor of the Educa-
tional Review of New York City. In 1890 Columbia
made him Dean of the School of Philosophy of the
University. He married in 1887 Susanna PMwards
Schuyler of New York City. They have one child :

Sarah Schuyler ISutlcr, born in 1895. lie is the
author of The Meaning of ivlucaiiun (1898),
and the Editor of the Great Education Series, the
Teachers' Professional Library, and the Columbia
L^niversity Contributions to Philosophy, Psychology
and Education.

CHITTENDEN, Jonathan Brace, 1864-

Born in Milford, Conn , 1864; graduate of the Brook-
lyn Polytechnic Institute, 1884 ; School of Engineers at
Worcester, Mass., (M.E. & C.E.) 1888; A.B., Harvard,
1889 ; A.M., Harvard, i8go ; appointed Kirkland Travel-
ling Fellow, 1891, and Parker Fellow in 1892 ; studied at
University of Konigsberg, 1893, and received the degree
of Ph.D. ; private tutor and lecturer at Harvard ; In-
structor in Mathematics at Princeton, 1894-95 ; Tutor
at Columbia, 1896.

JONATHAN BRACE CHITFENDEN, A.M.,
Ph.D., Tutor at Columbia, was born in Mil-
ford, Connecticut, in 1864. Through his father.

J. BRACE CHriTENDEN

Captain Richard H. Chittenden, he was descended
from ALajor William Chittenden, who came to Guil-
ford, Connecticut, from luigland in 1639. His
mother, Lucy Lee Brace, was a daughter of Rev.
Jonathan Brace, D.D., and granddaughter of Hon.
Thomas K. Brace, Mayor of Hartford, and first
President of the .'Etna Life Insurance Company,
and a descendant of the Rev. Richard Mather,

484

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

father of the famous Cotton and Increase Mather.
J. Brace Chittenden received his early education at
home through private tutors. He entered the
Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute in 1881, graduating
in 1SS4, and followed this by a course at the ^\■or-
cester School of Engineers, taking the degrees of
Mechanical Engineering and Civil Engineering in
1888. He entered the Class of 18S9 at Harvard,
and in that year received the degree of Bachelor of
Arts from the University. He was made Master of
Arts one year later. In 1891 he was appointed to
the Kirkland Travelling Fellowship, for which a
Parker Fellowship was substituted in 1892, and on
these appointments he studied at the University of
Konigsberg, Prussia, under Professor F. Lindermann,
receiving the degree of Doctor of Philosophy from
the University in 1893. While still in Germany he
was appointed Instructor-in Mathematics at Prince-
ton, a position which he left in 1895 to become a
Tutor at Columbia. As will have been seen, his
College career was one of marked distinction. He
was Class Orator, Class President and Class Poet
at the different Colleges which he attended. Dr.
Chittenden is a member of the Harvard Club of
New York City and of the Sons of the American
Revolution.

LITTLEJOHN, Abram Newkirk, 1824-

Born in Florida, N. Y., 1824; graduated at Union
1845; ordained a Deacon of the Protestant Episcopal
Church, 1848, and a Priest, 1849 ; held several important
Rectorships ; Lecturer on Pastoral Theology at Berke-
ley Divinity School, Middletown, Conn. ; elected first
Bishop of Long Island, 1868; assumed charge of the
American Episcopal Churches in Continental Europe,
1S74; Trustee of Columbia, 1879.

ABRAM NEWKIRK LITTLEJOHN, D.D.,
LL.D., Trustee of Columbia, was born in
Florida, New York, December 13, 1824. After
graduating from Union, 1845, and completing his
divinity studies, he took Deacon's orders at Auburn,
New York, in 1S48, and was ordained a Priest at
Plartford, Connecticut, in the following year. He
was Rector of churches in Amsterdam, New York,
Springfield, Massachusetts, Meriden and New Haven,
Connecticut, prior to i860, when he took charge
of Holy Trinity Church, Brooklyn, New York, re-
taining that Rectorship for nine years. His services
as Lecturer on Pastoral Theology at the Berkeley
Divinity School, Middletown, Connecticut, with
which he was connected for seven years, were ex-
ceedingly beneficial to the students of that Institu-
tion. He declined the Presidency of Hobart

College in 1858, and the Bishopric of Central New
York ten years later, but accepted the post of Bishop
of Long Island, when that Diocese was established,
and was consecrated in Brooklyn in 1869. Bishop
I.iltlejohn was selected in 1S74 to superintend the
American Episcopal churches on the continent of
Europe, and accepted the appointment. In 1855
the degree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred upon
him by the LTniversity of Pennsylvania, and in 1880
he was honored with that of Doctor of Laws by
Cambridge L-niversity, England. His contributions

ABRAM N. LITTLEJOHN

to religious and secular literature have been numer-
ous. Among his more notable publications are : In-
dividualism ; Discourses before the LTniversity of
Cambridge, 1880; and The Christian Ministry at
the Close of the Nineteenth Century, being lectures
before the General Theological Seminary, New York,
1884. Bishop I.ittlejohn has for many years enter-
tained a lively interest in the development and future
welfare of Columbia, antl his name was placed upon
the list of Trustees in 1879.

SELIGMAN, Edwin Robert Anderson,
1861-

Born in New York City, 1861 ; received his early
education privately and at the Columbia Grammar
School; A. B., Columbia, 1879; studied abroad during

UNIJ'KRSITIES AND TllFAR SONS

485

1879-82; attended Columbia Law School and Columbia
School of Political Science in 1882-S4; A.M., 1883;
LL.B., 1884; Ph.D., 1885 ; appointed Prize Lecturer on
History of Political Economy at Columbia School of
Political Science, 1885; Adjunct Professor of Political
Economy, Columbia, 1888; Professor of Political
Economy and Finance, i8gi ; has been on Board of
Editors of Political Science Quarterly since 1886;
Editor of Columbia Series in History, Economics and
Public Law since 1891.

EDWIX ROBERT ANDERSON SEI.IGMAN,
IMi.D., Professor at Columbia, was born in
tlie City of New York April 25,1861. His father,
Joseph Seligman, a native of Germany, had been
educated in German Universities as a physician, but
came to the I'nited States as a young man and en-
gaged in business in New York, ultimately founding
the banking firm of J. & W. Seligman & Company.
The subject of this sketch was educateil at home
until the age of eleven, under the direction of Hora-
tio Alger, Jr., the celebrated author of fiction for the
young. In 1S72 he entered Columbia Grammar
School, meanwhile studying French, German and
music under private tutors. Graduating from there
in 1875, he entered Columbia, taking his degree in
1879. In the same year he went abroad, and passed
the three following years in the study of history,
political science and jurisprudence in Paris and at
the Universities of Berlin, Heidelberg and Geneva.
He returned to America in 1S82, and for two
years attended Columbia Law School and Columbia
School of Political Science, taking the degree of
Master of Arts in 1883 and that of Bachelor of
Laws in 18S4. In July 1885 he was appointed
Prize Lecturer on the History of Political Econ-
omy in the Columbia School of Political Science,
receiving the degree of Doctor of Pliilosophy. Three
years later he was made Adjunct Professor of Poli-
tical Economy in the University, and in 1891 was
promoted to the Professorship of Political Economy
and Finance. Professor Seligman is the author of
many works dealing with subjects connected with
his profession. Among the most important are :
Progressive Taxation in Theory and Practice ; Essays
in Taxation (now in second edition) ; The Shifting
and Incidence of Taxation (now in second edition) ;
Owen and the Christian Socialists ; Railway Tariffs
and the Inter-state Commerce Law, Two Chapters
on the Mediaeval Guilds of England ; Finance Sta-
tistics of the American Commonwealths ; The Com-
mercial Policy of the United States of .America, pub-
lished in the Schriften des Vereins fiir Socialpolitik
of Germany in 1892 ; and numerous articles in tiie

leading scientific journals of this country and abroad.
He has been a member of the Board of Editors of
the Political Science Quarterly since 1886, and
lulitor of the Columbia Series in History, I'xonomics
and Public Law since 1891. He has also been since
1895 one of the Board of Managers of the School of
Classical Studies in Rome. He married April 4,
1888, Caroline Beer. They have two children. Pro-
fessor Seligman is the member of very many clubs and
organizations, principally scientific, among them the
.Arts, Authors', City and Political Economy Clubs, the
Phi Beta Kappa, the Columbia Alumni Association,

EDWIN R. A. SELIGMAN

the American Economic Association, of which lie was
Treasurer from 1888 to 1892, the British Economic
Association, the American Statistical Association,
the American Historical Association, the American
Academy of Political and Social Science, the Ameri-
can Geographical Society, the Metropolitan Museum
of Art, the Society of American Sculptors, the So-
ciety for Ethical Culture, the Archaeological In-
stitute, the University Settlement Society, the New
York Philharmonic Society. He is also a corre-
sponding member of the Russian Imperial Academy
of Science. He is deeply interested in the better-
ment of the condition of the jioor in New York City,
and was formedy on the Board of Managers of tlie
Charity Organization Society. He is still a member

486

UNIVERSITIES JND THEIR SONS

of that Society, is President of the 'i'cnement House
ISuililing Company, Chairman of the Committee on
Education of the Educational Alliance, a member of
the Sanitary Aid Society, of which he has been Sec-
retary, a member of the People's Institute, and of
the Social Reform Club. He is a staunch friend of
good government, and has taken an active part in
the various movements looking to the overthrow of
Tammany Hall, having been a member of the Com-
mittee of Seventy in 1895 and the Committee of
Two Hundred and Fifty in 1897, the first of which
brought about the election of \Villiam L. Strong as
Mayor of New York City on a reform platform. He
is also a member of the Civil Service Association,
and of the Excise Reform Association. Professor
Seligman also sympathizes with the University Ex-
tension work, and is a member of the University
Settlement Society.

teen he began teaching privately Italian, Latin and
Greek, and at twenty-two he became a private in-
structor in Roman Law and entered a lawyer's
office. Finding the practice of law uncongenial,
he went back to the teaching of Italian and Latin,
and took up the study of the romance languages
and literatures. In 1862 Mr. Speranza began to
take an active part in the revolutionary movement
that ended in the expulsion of Austria from Vene-
tian soil, and on that account was imprisoned in
1864 on the charge of high treason. He was re-
leased as soon as the national government was

SPERANZA, Carlo Leonardo, 1844-

Born in Padova, Italy, 1844; studied at the Ginnasio
of Padova and the Liceo of Padova: studied law at
the University of Padova ; passed the State examin-
ations, becoming Licenziato in Giurisprudenza in 1866;
taught privately Italian, Latin, Greek, and Roman law,
and took up the study of the Romance languages;
came to America in 1880; Instructor in Italian at Yale,
1880; Instructor in Italian at Columbia, 1883-86; A.M.,
Columbia, 1886; Instructor in the Romance Languages
and Literatures, University of the City of New York,
1888-91 ; Instructor in Italian, Barnard College, i8go-
g6 ; Instructor in Spanish and Italian, Columbia, i8gi-
93: Instructor in the Romance Languages and Liter-
atures, Columbia, 1893-96; Adjunct Professor, Co-
lumbia and Barnard College since 1896.

CARLO LEONARDO SPERANZA, A.M., Ad-
junct Professor at Columbia, is a native of
northern Italy, having been born in Padova, Decem-
ber 29, 1S44. His father, Andrea Speranza, came
of a family which has at different times furnished
men for high offices in the dominions of the old
Venetian Republic. Andrea Speranza married Si-
gnorina Rosa Grigoli of the noble family of Grigoli
of Ferrara. Carlo Leonardo Speranza received his
early education at home under private tutors, and
afterwards studied for three years at the Ginnasio of
his native city. Graduating from there, he took a
four-year course at the Liceo of Padova. Decid-
ing to take up law as a profession, he entered the
University of Padova, and after four years there,
passed, siimma aim laiidc, the three prescribed
state examinations, thus becoming, in 1866, a
Licentiate in Jurisprudence. At the age of seven-

C. L. SPER.ANZA

established in 1866. Subsequently he was ap-
pointed Superintendent of the Census in the Pro-
vince of Padova, an honorary office which he held
until the completion of the census. In 1870 he was
elected President of a provident institution which
had been recently established, chiefly through his
efforts, and which he left in 1874 in a very flour-
ishing condition. Mr. Speranza came to this coun-
try in 1880 and in the same year was appointed
Instructor in Italian in Yale, which position he held
until 1883, when he resigned it to become Instruc-
tor in Italian at Columbia, where he also spent
three years. In 1888 he was appointed Instructor
in the Romance Languages and Literatures at the
University of the City of New York. He was ap-

UNirERSiriES AND THEIR SONS

487

pointed Instructor in Italian at Barnard College in
1890 and Instructor in Spanish and Italian at
Columbia in 1891. After holding this latter position
for two years he was in 1893 appointed Instructor
in the Romance Languages and Literatures at
Columbia. His promotion to the post of Adjunct
Professor, which he still holds, followed in 1896.
Professor Speranza has been a contributor to var-
ious magazines, such as the Boston Literary World,
the Chatauquan, the Modern Language Notes, the
Perseveranza of Milano (Italy), etc. " In recog-
nition of his services as a patriot and of his efforts
in furthering the study of Italian in the Lhiited
States" Professor Speranza received in 1897 from
the government of the King of Italy the Cross of
Knight of the Crown of Italy, which entitles him to
be addressed as " Cavaliere." Professor Speranza
married in October, 187 1, Adelaide Maria Capelli,
of an old Tuscan family. They have three children.
He is a member of the Modern Language Associa-
tion and the Dante Society.

SLOANE, William Milligan, 1850-

Born in Richmond, Ohio, 1850; graduated Columbia,
1868; Instructor in Classics, Newell Institute, Pitts-
burg, 1868-72; took Ph.D. at Leipzig, Germany, 1876;
Private Secretary of George Bancroft, U. S Minister
at Berlin, 1873-75; Assistant and Professor of Latin,
Princeton, 1877-83; Professor of History and Political
Science, Princeton, 1883-96; Seth Low Professor of
History, Columbia, since i8g6; L.H.D. Columbia, 1887.

WILLIAM MILLIGAN SLOANE, Ph.D.,
L.H.D., Professor of History and Politi-
cal Science in Columbia, was born in Richmond,
Ohio, November 12, 1850, and graduated at Colum-
bia with the Class of 1868, receiving subsequenUy
the degree of Master of Arts from that College.
After graduation he taught the classics in Newell
Institute, Pittsburg, for four years, and then went
abroad for study, obtaining the degree of Doctor of
Philosophy at Leipzig in 1876. During his stay
abroad Dr. Sloane also served for two years as
Private Secretary of George Bancroft, the United
States Minister at Berlin, working as his Assistant
on the tenth volume of his History of the United
States. On his return he entered Princeton as
Assistant in the Latin Language, was Adjunct Pro-
fessor, 1879-1880, and Professor 1880-1883. He
was then chosen to the Chair of History and Politi-
cal Science, and in 1896 accepted the Seth Low
Professorship of History in Columbia which he

now holds. Columbia conferred upon Dr. Sloane
the degree of Doctor of Humanities, in 1887. He
has been a regular contributor to the more impor-
tant magazines and reviews and is an Editor of both
the Political Science Quarterly and of the .American

W.M. M. SLOANE

Historical Review. Among his published books are
The Life and Work of I. R. W. Sloane : The French
War and the Revolution (American History series)
and a Life of Napoleon in four volumes.

PFISTER, Joseph Clement, 1867-

Born in Newark, N. J., 1867: Columbia A B, 1889,
A.M. 1890; prize fellowship, 1889-92; Assistant there,
1889-90; Tutor, 1890-97; member of leading scientific
and other societies.

JOSEPH CLEMENT PFISTER, Tutor at Co-
lumbia, was born in Newark, New Jersey,
March 10, 1867, son of John and Barbara (Heick)
Pfister. After attending the Newark public schools
and High School, he studied during five years in
schools in Germany and then entered Columbia,
where he graduated in 1889, took his Master's
degree in 1890, secured scholarshij) prizes in mathe-
matics and mechanics, won the .Alumni Prize
awarded to the most faithful and deserving student,
and held a Prize- Fellowshi]) in Science from 1889
to 1892. He was .Assistant in Mathematics and

488

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

Astronomy ^it the University in 18S9 and 1S90,
Tutor in Higher Mathematics and Astronomy 1S90
and 1 89 1, and Tutor in Mechanics, 1891 to
1899. Mr. Ptister is a member of the Phi Beta
Kappa, and of the American Mathematical Society,
the New York Academy of Sciences and American

'^ "fS?^

JOS. C. PFISTER

Association for the Advancement of Science. He
was married May 15, 1891, to Emma A. C. Heim ;
they have two children : Eleanor Ruth and Marie
Louise Pfister.

WOODWARD, Robert Simpson, 1849-

Born in Rochester, Michigan. 1849; educated at the
Rochester Academy and the University of Michigan ;
graduating from the latter in 1872, with the degree of
C.E.; Assistant Engineer U. S. Lake Survey, 1872-82;
Assistant Astronomer U.S. Transit of Venus Commission
1882-84; Astronomer, Geographer and Chief Geographer
US. Geological Survey, 1890-93 ; Professor of Mechanics
in Columbia, since July, 1893, and Dean of the School
of Pure Science in Columbia since 1895 ; Associate
Editor Science since 1894 ; Treasurer American
Association for the Advancement of Science since
1894: Vice-President American Mathematical Society;
member National Academy of Sciences; fellow Amer-
ican Geological Society and member New York
Academy of Sciences ; has published a great number
of papers, reports, addresses and contributions to
science, chiefly on subjects relating to astronomy,
geology, mathematics, mechanics and general physics;

is a member of the Century Association of New York,
Cosmos Club of Washington, D. C, etc.

ROBERT SIMPSON WOODWARD, C. E.,
Ph.D., Professor of Mechanics and Math-
ematical Physics, and Dean of the School of Pure
Science, at Columbia, was born at Roches-
ter, Oakland county, Michigan, July 21, 1849; ^o'^
of Lysander and Peninah X. (Simpson) Woodward.
He is of Puritan (New England) ancestry, and his
father was a farmer of Rochester, Michigan. His
early education was acquired chiefly at thr; academy
of his native town. At the age of nineteen, in 1868,
he entered the University of Michigan where he was
graduated with the degree of Civil Engineer in
1872. The same institution conferred upon him
the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in 1892. Be-
sides experience gained in all kinds of farm work,
his early training also included two years of work in
mercantile pursuits. Following graduation, he was
successively Assistant Engineer on the United States
Lake Sur\'ey, 1872-1882 ; Assistant Astronomer on
the United States Transit of Venus Commission,
1882-1884; Astronomer, Geographer and Chief
Geographer on the United States Geological Sur-
vey, 1 884-1 890 ; and Assistant on the United States
Coast and Geodetic Survey, 1 890-1 893. In July
1893, he accepted the position of Professor of Me-
chanics in Columbia, and in 1895 was made Dean
of the School of Pure Science in Columbia. Pro-
fessor Woodward's studies and professional work
have been chiefly in the fields of astronomy,
geodesy, mathematics and general physics. He
has been Associate Editor of .Annals of Mathe-
matics since 1888, and Associate Editor of Sci-
ence since 1894. He has served since 1894 as
Treasurer of the American Association for the Ad-
vancement of Science, and is also President of
the American Mathematical Society. Besides his
membership in the foregoing societies, he is a
fellow of the American Geological Society, a
member of the National Academy of Sciences and of
the New York Academy of Sciences. The character
and scope of Professor ^Voodward's professional
work is indicated by the subjoined list of some of
his principal publications up to 1896. Results of
experiments to determine the variations in length
of certain bars at the temperature of melting ice ;
on variations of latitude ; on the form and position
of the sea level as dependent on superficial masses
symmetrically disposed with respect to a radius of
earth's surface ; on the cooling of a homogeneous
sphere : on the diffusion of heat in homogeneous

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

489

rectangular masses, witli special reference to bars
used as standards of length ; laws of frequency of
errors of interpolated logarithms, etc., dependent on
first differences ; and a comparison of the theoret-
ical with the actual distribution of the errors of one
thousand interpolated values ; on the latitudes and
longitudes of certain points in Missouri, Kansas and
New Mexico ; formulas and tables to facilitate the
construction and use of maps ; the mathematical
theories of the earth ; the effects of the atmos-
phere and oceans on the secular cooling of the
earth; report on astronomical work of 1889 and

R. S. WOODWARD

1890; Fixation of the 105th meridian in EI Paso
county, Texas ; an historical survey of the science
of mechanics ; a course of study in the physical
sciences ; etc. Professor Woodward is a member of
the Century Association of New York, and the
Cosmos Club of Washington, District of Columbia.
Politically he is an Independent. He was married
March i, 1876, to Martha Gretton Bond ; they have
three sons ; Robert Simpson, Jr., Karl Wilson and
William Lysander Woodward.

HALLOCK, William, 1857-

Born in Milton. N. Y., 1857; fitted for College pri-
vately; A.B., Columbia, 1879; taking scholarship in

Mechanics and Physics and three year fellowship in
science ; studied abroad for three years, making a
specialty of physics; Ph.D., (summa cum laude,)
WUrzburg, 1881 ; Laboratory Assistant at XA'iirzburg,
188082; Physicist, U. S. Geological Survey, 1882-91;
Professor of Physics, Corcoran Scientific School, i£85-
87; Professor of Chemistry and Toxicology, National
College of Pharmacy, 188992; Assistant in charge of
Astrophysical Observatory of the Smithsonian Institu-
tion, 1891-92; Adjunct Professor of Physics, Columbia,
since 1892.

WILLIAM HALLOCK, Ph.D., Adjunct Pro-
fessor at Columbia, was born in Milton,
Ulster county. New York, August 14, 1857. The
Hallock family in America is descended from Peter
Hallock, who came from England and landed on
the east end of Long Island in 1640. He was a
Church of England minister, but one branch of his
descendants have been Quakers for many genera-
tions, and it is to this branch that Isaac Sherman
Hallock, the father of the subject of this biography,
belonged. Isaac Sherman Hallock married Phebe
Hull, whose fiimily had settled in Rhode Island —
and later in Massachusetts — early in the seven-
teenth century. Mrs. Hallock's mother was a Gif-
ford, of the family of the noted Duke of Buckingham
who aided Richard III. in his usurpation of the
English throne. William Hallock in early life
attended a private school in his native place. He
fitted for College under the instruction of private
tutors, and later entered Columbia, taking the degree
of Bachelor of Arts in 1S79. On his graduation
he received a scholarship in physics and a three-
year fellowship in science, and on these foundations
studied three years with Professor Kohlrausch at
Wtirzburg, Bavaria, devoting himself especially to
physics, but also attending lectures in mathematics
and chemistry. He received the degree of Doctor
of Philosophy, summa aim laiidc, from Wurzburg in
1 88 1. From November 18S0 to November 1881,
he was Laboratory Assistant there and until August
of the next year private assistant to Professor Kohl-
rausch. He returned to America in the same year
and was appointed Physicist on the United States
Geological Survey. For two years from 1S85 to
1887 he occupied the Chair of Physics at the Cor-
coran Scientific School in Washington, District of
Columbia, and from October 1889, to June 1892
was Professor of Chemistry and Toxicology in the
National College of Pharmacy. He resigned his
position as Physicist in the Geological Survey in
December 1891, to take the position of Assistant in
Charge of the .Astrophysical Observatory in the
Smithsonian Institution at Washington. In Sep-

490

UNIVERSITIES JND THEIR SONS

tember of the following year he was made Adjunct
Professor of Physics at Columbia, and is still con-
nected with the University in that capacity. He is
the author of a number of scientific monographs and
articles in the leading journals of the country. Pro-
fessor Hallock married, October 15, 1885, Georgiana
B. Ames of Titusville, Pennsylvania. They have
had three children, of whom two survive. He is a
member of the Philosophical Society of Washington,
District of Columbia, and of the New York State
Science Teachers' Association and a Fellow of the
American Association for the Advancement of
Science and of the New York Academy of Sciences.
He is an independent Republican on political
questions.

WHITE, Theodore Greely, 1871-

Born in Wilton, Conn., 1871 ; graduate of Columbia
Grammar School, New York City, 1890; Ph.B., course
of Geology and Paleontology, Columbia School of
Mines, 1894; A.M., Columbia, 1895; Ph.D., Columbia,
1899 ; employed by the New York State Museum, 1895-
96; Lecturer, New York Board of Education, 1895;
Assistant in Physics at Columbia since 1896.

THEODORE GREELY WHITE, A.M., Ph.D.,
Assistant in Physics at Columbia, was born
in \Vilton, Fairfield county, Connecticut, in 1871.
His father, Joseph Theodore White, is a direct
descendant of Thomas White, who came to \\'ey-
mouth, Massachusetts, from England about 1632
and was a military commander and Representative
in the General Court of Massachusetts, and of Jehu
Burr, who came to America in 1630 and settled in
Connecticut. Jehu Burr's great-grandson, also an
ancestor, in the direct line, of the subject of our
sketch, was Colonel Andrew Burr, Speaker of the
Assembly of Connecticut, who commanded the Con-
necticut infantry at the capture of Louisburg, Cape
Breton, from the French in 1745. Colonel Burr's
commissions, in excellent preservation are now in
Dr. White's possession. His mother, Caroline
Greenleaf Greely, is also a member of an old New
England family. Theodore G. White, after gradu-
ating from the Columbia Grammar School in New
York City in 1890, entered the School of Mines of
Columbia, taking the course in geology and paleon-
tology, and receiving the degree of Bachelor of
Philosophy in 1894. In the following year the
University conferred upon him the degree of Master
of Arts and in 1899 that of Doctor of Philosophy.
During 1895 and 1896 Mr. White was engaged in

the work of the New York State Geological Survey,
and m the fall of the following year was one of the
lecturers in the free educational lecture course given
under the auspices of the Board of Education in
New York City. He was made .\ssistant in Physics
at Columbia in 1896, and has since been engaged
there in th.T.t capacity. He is unmarried. Dr.
\\hite is an independent Republican in politics.
He was a delegate to the Republican District Con-
ventions of his .\ssembly District in 1895 ^^^ 1896,
and joined the Citizens' Union for the overthrow of
corrupt government in New York City in 1897. He

THEODORE G. WHITE

was Secretary of the Twenty-fifth District Section of
that organization in the same year. He has also
been active in the work of the City Vigilance League,
having been Secretary since 1895 and a Trustee since
the following year. Dr. White is a member of the
Sigma Alpha Epsilon Fraternity, the School of
Mines Alumni Association, life member of the New
York Academy of Sciences, Fellow of Geological
Society of America, American Association for the
Advancement of Science, New York Mineralogical
Club and the Torrey Botanical Club, and author of
various papers in the publications of those societies.
He is also an active worker in the Brotherhood of
St. Andrew of the Episcopal Church.

UNirERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

491

BOWDITCH, Henry Ingersoll, 1808-1892.

Born in Salem, Mass.. 1808; educated at Harvard
and the Medical School, and in Paris ; Professor of
Clinical Medicine at Harvard ; Physician at the Massa-
chusetts General and City Hospitals ; specialist in
pulmonary diseases ; author of some interesting works
on medical, hygienic and biographical subjects; died,
1892.

HENRY INtiERSOLL BOWDITCH, M.D.,
Professor of Clinical Medicine at the Har-
vard Medical School, was born in Salem, Massachu-
setts, August 9, 1808, son of Nathaniel Bowditch,
the mathematician. After sraduatinff from Harvard

HENRY I. BOWDITCH

in 1828, and from the Medical School in 1832, he
studied three years in Paris and in 1835 began the
practice of his profession. Though skilful and
successful as a general practitioner, he was best
known for his study and treatment of pulmonary
diseases, in which he had attained pre-eminence and
was considered one of the most noted specialists in
the United States. His scientific researches had
resulted in several important discoveries relative to
the origin and treatment of consumption. The
subjects upon which his reputation chiefly rests are
"Soil Moisture as a Cause of Consumption" to
which he devoted years of labor, and " Paracentesis
Thoracis," or tapping of chest in cases of pleuritic
effusions. The success of this operation and its

constant use at the present day by medical men is
largely due to his teaching. Dr. Bowditch held the
Jackson Professorship of Clinical Medicine at the
Harvard Medical School, from 1859 to 1867 ; was a
Piiysician at the Massachusetts General and Boston
City Hospitals, the latter from 1868 to 1872 ; Chair-
man of the State Board of Health from 1S69 to
1879 and member of the National Board for the
latter year; and Surgeon of Enrolment during the
Civil War. He was also President of the American
Medical Association in 1S76, is a Fellow of the
American Academy. His published works are :
Life of Nathaniel Bowditch for the Young; The
Young Stethoscopist ; Life of Lieutenant Nathaniel
Bowditch ; Public Hygiene in America ; A Centen-
nial Address at Philadelphia in 1876 ; and numerous
articles prepared for the medical journals and the
State Board of Health. He is the translator of Louis
on Typhoid; Louis on Phthisis; and Maunoir on
Cataract. Dr. Bowditch married Olivia, daughter
of John and Elizabeth Yardley, of London, England,
July 17, 1838. Of this union there were four
children : Nathaniel, Olivia, Edward, and Vincent
Yardley Bowditch. Dr. Bowditch died at Boston,
Massachusetts, January 14, 1892.

BURGESS, Edward, 1848-

Born in West Sandwich, Mass., 1848; educated at
Harvard, graduating in 1871 ; Secretary of the Boston
Society of Natural History; Instructor in Entomology
at Harvard, 1879-83 ; became proficient in naval archi-
tecture ; designed the sloop-yachts Puritan and May-
flower, both of which successfully defended the
America's cup.

EDWARD BURGESS, AM., Instructor in En-
tomology at Harvard, son of Benjamin F.
and Cordelia W. (Ellis) Burgess, was born in \\'e%X.
Sandwich, Barnstable county, Massachusetts, June
30, 1848. Graduating from Harvard with the Class
of 1871, he was subsequently elected Secretary of
the Society of Natural History, Boston, to which he
devoted his principal energies for some years, edit-
ing its publications, and prepared a number of
anatomical memoirs. While travelling in Europe
he, in a general way, familiarized himself with the
principles of general architecture, and by applying
the knowledge thus obtained in conjunction with
his own ideas, he acquired extraordinary proficiency
in the designing and building of fast-sailing yachts.
He designed the sloop-yacht Puritan which de-
feated the English cutter Genesta in 1S85, and

492

UHlVERSiriES AND THEIR SONS

the Mayflower of still larger dimensions, which
in iSS6 outsailed the Galatea, also sent over for
international racing purposes, thus enabling the
famous America's cup to still remain in the United
States. He was a member of the United States
Naval Board to award prizes for the designs of
cruisers and battle-ships in 1887, and in 1S88 he
w-as appointed permanent Chairman on the Board
of Life-Saving Appliances in the United States Life-
Saving Service. JMr. Burgess was Instructor in
Entomology at Harvard from 1879 to 1884 and
received from that institution the honorary degree
of Master of Arts in 18S8. He is a Fellow of the
.■\merican Academy and an Associate Member of
the Institute of Naval Architecture, London. He
married Caroline L., daughter of the late William
Starling and Caroline E. (Sutton) Sullivant, of Co-
lumbus, Ohio. Their children are : William Star-
ling and Charles Paine Burgess.

GOODALE, George Lincoln, 1839-

Born in Saco, Me, 1839; studied at Amherst and
Harvard and Bowdoin ; practised medicine at Portland ;
Instructor of Anatomy at the Portland School of Med-
ical Instruction; State Assayer of Maine; Professor
of Natural Science and Applied Chemistry at Bowdoin :
Professor of Materia Medica at the Medical School of
Maine ; Instructor in Botany and University Lecturer
on Vegetable Physiology at Harvard ; Professor of
Botany and Director of Botanic Garden at Harvard;
member of the American Academy of Arts and
Sciences.

GEORGE LINCOLN GOODALE, M.D.,
LL.D., Professor of Botany and Director
of the Botanic Garden at Harvard, who was born
in Saco, Maine, .August 3, 1839, has had a long and
honorable connection with Harvard as well as other
institutions. He graduated at Amherst in i860,
received the degree of Doctor of Medicine at Har-
vard and Bowdoin in 1863, and the honorary degree
of Master of Arts from Ainherst 1866 and Bowdoin
1869. For three years he practised his profession
at Portland and was also Instructor of Anatomy at
the Portland School of Medical Instruction. Mean-
while, in 1864, he had been appointed State As-
sayer of Maine. Called in 1867 to the Chair of
Natural Science and Applied Chemistry at Bowdoin,
he there remained until 1872, serving also during
the last four years as Professor of Materia Medica
ill the Medical School of Maine. Both these offices
he resigned to become Instructor in Botany and
LTniversitv Lecturer on Vegetable Physiology at

Hari'ard. In 1873 he was made Assistant Professor
of Vegetable Physiology, in 187S Professor of Botany,
in 1 888 Fisher Professor of Natural History, and in
1 8 79 Director of the Botanic Garden. He was
elected in 1875 a member of the Council of the
Harvard College Library, and in 1881 a member
of the Faculty of the Museum of Comparative
.Anatomy. Professor Goodale is a fellow of the

GEORGE L. GOODALE

Ainerican Academy of Arts and Sciences, member
of the National Academy of Sciences and the
American Philosophical Society and honorary mem-
ber of the New York Academy of Sciences.

HALE, Edward Everett, 1822-

Born in Boston, 1822; prepared for College at Boston
Latin School: graduated at Harvard 1839; usher in the
Latin School, 1839-41 ; licensed to preach, 1842; Pastor
of Church of the Unity, Worcester, Mass., 1846-56;
Pastor of South Congregational (Unitarian) Church,
Boston, since 1856 ; Overseer of Harvard, 1860-75 and
1876-87; Preacher to the University, 1886-88; Lecturer
Divinity School Harvard, i8.J3; received the degree of
S.T.D. from Harvard, 1879.

EDWARD EVERETT HALE, S.T.D., Overseer
of Harvard, was born in Boston, April 3,
1S22. His fiither was Nathan Hale (Williams,
1804), for many years owner and Editor of the

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

493

Boston Daily Advertiser and first President of the
Iioston & Worcester Railroad, the first company
in New England to use steam power. E. E. Hale
was named for his maternal uncle, Edward l*]verett.
He studied as a boy in the Boston Latin School,
entered Harvard at the early age of thirteen and
graduated in the Class of 1839. For two years he
taught as an usher in the Boston Latin School,
reading theology and church history with the Rev.
Samuel K. Lothrop and the Rev. John G. Palfrey,
and in 1842 was licensed to preach by the Boston
Association of Congregational Ministers. His first

EDWARD E. HALE

settlement was as Pastor of the Church of the Lfnity,
Worcester, Massachusetts, where he remained ten
years, removing in 1856 to Boston, to the Pastorate
of the South Congregational (Unitarian) Church,
with wiiich he is still connected. Dr. Hale is one
of the most proHfic and most popular of American
authors, and his published works cover a wide range
of subjects. In journalism he early became an ener-
getic worker on his father's newspaper, the IXaily
Advertiser, and contributed extensively to periodical
literature. It was My Double and How He Undid
Me, published in the Atlantic Monthly in 1859,
that brought him prominently into public favor as
a writer of short stories, a line of production which
he followed with great industry and unbroken suc-

cess. The Man \\'ithout a Country, published
anonymously in the Atlantic in 1863, had an un-
doubted influence in strengthening the patriotism
of the American jieople in those days of the Civil
\\'ar. It has become a classic of our literature.
His book 'Pen 'limes One Is Ten, led to the es-
tablishment of clubs, not only in this country but
all over the world, tlevoted to charity and mutual
help. In periodical literature. Dr. Hale has been
a constant worker, as publisher as well as contribu-
tor. He edited the Christian Examiner and the
Sunday School Cazette. In 1869 he founded Old
and New, a monthly magazine uutler the auspices
of the American Lhiitarian Association, in which
he had the collaboration of his hmther Nathan,
(Harvard, 1S38), his brother-in-law Frederic B.
Perkins (Vale, 1850) and others. Old and New
was later merged in Scribner's Monthly. In 1886
he began the publication of Lend a Hand, a Record
of Progress and Journal of Organized Charity, which
has contributed to the organization of Lend a
Hand Clubs and a gieat systematized work of benev-
olence. In 1890 with the association of Frederick
E. Cloodrich (Yale 1864), he edited and published
for a number of years the Boston Commonwealth,
a weekly journal of literature and science. He has
also been active in the promotion and management
of the Chautauqua Literary and .Scientific Circle.
Dr. Hale's service on the Board of Overseers of
Harvard covers altogether more than a quarter of
a century. He was elected a member of that Board
in i860, serving imtil 1875, and again in 1876,
serving until 1887. In 18S6-1888 he was Preacher
of the L'uiversity. In 1893 he was Lecturer in the
Divinity School. The degree of Doctor of Divinity
was conferred upon him by Harvard in 1879. Dr.
Hale is a fellow of the American Academy and a
member of the Massachusetts Historical Society
and other learned bodies.

HALL, Asaph, 1829-

Born in Goshen, Conn., 1829 ; student and Assistant
in Harvard Observatory, 1857-62; Astronomical Aid in
the Naval Observatory, Washington, 1862-63 ; Profes-
sor of Mathematics, U.S.N., 1863, until retired by age,
i8gi : discovered the Moons of Mars, 1877; Lecturer
at Harvard, 1896; appointed Lecturer on Celestial
Mechanics, Harvard, iSgg.

SAPH HALL, Ph.D., LL.D.. Lecturer on
Astronomy at Harvard, was born in Goshen,
Connecticut, October 15, 1829. He had a com-
mon school education and was engaged in farm

494

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

work until sixteen years old and at the carpenter's
trade until the age of twenty-four, when he began
the study of algebra and geometry in the Norfolk
Academy, and subsequently taught school. After a
single term at the University of Michigan and teach-
ing a year in Ohio, he entered Harvard Observatory
as a student and Assistant in 1857, remaining there
five years until called to the Naval Observatory at
Washington as Astronomical Aid in 1862. The
following year he was promoted to be Professor of
Mathematics in the United States Navy, a position
carrying with it the rank of Captain, and this he
held until reaching the age of retirement, sixty-two
years, in 1891. During this period, Professor Hall
was connected with all the important astronomical
expeditions sent out by the Government, notably
the solar eclipses of 1S69 and 1870, observed from
Behring Sea and from Sicily, respectively, and the
transits of Venus, from Vladivostock, Siberia, in 1874,
and from San Antonio, Texas, in 1882. It was
while in the service of the Government also that
Professor Hall made the discovery of the moons of
Mars, in 1877, which at once gave him conspicuous
fame throughout the world. The Royal Astronomi-
cal Society of London in 1879 awarded him its gold
medal for his discoveries. In 1896 Professor Hall
was appointed a Lecturer at Harvard, which position
he still holds, his appointment May 25, 1899, being
that of Lecturer on Celestial Mechanics. The first
academical honor conferred upon Professor Hall
was the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, which he
received in 1878 from Hamilton College, New York.
The following year, 1879, Harvard made him an
honorary Master of Arts, and Yale gave him the
degree of Doctor of Laws. Harvard added its
Doctor of Laws in 1S86. Professor Hall in 1875
was elected a member of the National Academy of
Sciences and in 1883 was chosen Secretary of that
Association. In 1S80 he was chosen Vice-Presi-
dent of the American Association for the Advance-
ment of Science, and he has membership in a
number of European Scientific Societies, among
them the Royal Astronomical Society of London and
the Academies of Science at St. Petersburg and
Paris.

Island, Boston Harbor and Port Physician 1867-73;
chosen member of the Boston Board of Health, 1873,
and became its Chairman, 1877; appointed Instructor
at Harvard Medical School, 1883; Lecturer, 1884.

SAMUEL HOLMES DURGIN, M.D., Medical
Lecturer at Harvard, was born in Parsons-
field, IVLiine, July 26, 1839. He attended acade-
mies in his native town, Pittsfield, and Effingham and
after the conclusion of his studies he engaged in
teaching. The medical profession, however, was
more attractive to him and taking the regular course
in the Medical Department of Harvard, he was

DURGIN, Samuel Holmes, 1839-

Born in Parsonsfield, Me., 1839 ; educated at acade-
mies in his native town and other places ; graduated
from the Harvard Medical School, 1864; served as
Assistant Surgeon in the Civil War; located for prac-
tice in Boston, 1865 ; Resident Physician on Deer

M.MUKL H. DURGIN

graduated in 1864. Accepting a commission as
Assistant Surgeon of a Bay State regiment, he was in
active service until the close of the Civil War, and
after his discharge from the army he began the prac-
tice of his profession in Boston. From 1867 to 1873
he held the offices of Port Physician and Resident
Physician at the Public Institutions on Deer Island,
Boston Harbor. His membership of the Boston
Board of Health began in 1873 and his Chairman-
ship of that body dates from 1877. He has held
the appointment of Lecturer on Hygiene in Harvard
Medical School since 1883; has been Chairman
of the Board of Examiners for plumbers in Boston
since 1894 and Chairman of the Board of Examiners
for gasfitters since 1897. He is a member of the
Massachusetts Medical Society ; the Boston Society

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

495

for Meiliral Iini)iovcmcnt ; Member nnd Vice-
Presuleiit of the Massachusetts Association of
Hoards of Health, Member and ex- President of the
American I'liblic HeaUh Association.

LYMAN, Theodore, 1883-1897.

Born in Waltham, Mass., 1833 ; graduated at Har-
vard, 1855 and Lawrence Scientific School, 1858; con-
tinued his studies abroad ; served on General Meade's
staff in the Civil War, 1863-65; Assistant at the Mu-
seum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, many
years; Trustee of the Peabody National Education
Fund, of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology; and
of the State Reform School ; Commissioner of Fish-
eries for Massachusetts, 1865-82: member of Congress,
1883; Overseer of Harvard, 1868-1888 ; died, 1897.

THEODORE LYMAN, LL.I)., Overseer of
Harvard, was born in Waltham, Massa-
chusetts, August 23, 1S33. He was the third

THEODORE LYMAN

Theodore Lyman, in a direct line, and his father
was a well-known philanthropist, State Senator ami
Mayor of Boston. Having graduated from Harvard
in 1S55 '"^"'I from the Lawrence Scientific School
three years later, he spent some time in Europe
perfecting his studies in natural liistory. After the
outbreak of the Civil War he returned to this
country, and, offering his services to the Government
in 1863, was appointed Volunteer .-Mde with the'

rank of Lieutenant-Colonel on General Meade's
staff, serving with distinction in all of the great
battles of the Civil War from September of that year
until April 1865. In i860 he became an Assistant
in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard,
where for many years he was in charge of the
ophiurans. From 1865 to 18S2 he was Commis-
sioner of Fisheries for the State of Massachusetts.
Mr. Lyman was chosen a member of Congress at
the election of 1S82 and served one term. Like
his father he was actively interested in objects of
philanthropy, having been for a number of years
President of the Boston Farm School, also a Trustee
of the Peabody National Education Fund, and of
the State Reform School from 1S59 to i860. He
was also Treasurer of the Trustees of the Museum
of Comparative Zoology and a 'Prustee of the Pea-
body Museum of .American .Xrchfeology and Ethnol-
ogy. His degrees of Bachelor of Science and
Doctor of Laws were conferred by Harvard in 1S58
and 1 89 1 respectively and he ser\'ed as an Overseer
of the College from 186S to 1880, and again from
1881 to 1888. He belonged to the .American
Academy of Arts and Sciences, the National .\cad-
emy of Sciences, the Massachusetts Historical
Society and several foreign bodies, and was an
honorary member of the New York, .Academy of
Science. His publications embrace several cata-
logues of the Museum of Comparative Zoology ;
reports on the Ophiuridje and .Astrophytiii.-e of a
number of scientific expeditions, including those of
the Challenger expedition and of the Haseler and
Blake ; articles contributed to the scientific period-
icals, and papers relating to the Garrison Mob.
Mr. Lyman died at Nahant, Massachusetts, Septem-
ber 9, 1 89 7.

SMITH, Eugene Hanes, 1853-

Born in Oldtown, Me., 1853; completed his education
in West Newton, Mass.; began the study of dentistry
in Marlborough, that state; graduated at Harvard
Dental School, 1874; Clinical Instructor of Operative
Dentistry there, 1881-84, a"'J of Orthodontia 1890-95;
Professor of Mechanical Dentistry and Orthodontia
and Dean of the Faculty since 1895.

>1'(;E\K HANES SMITH. D.M.l)., Profes-
sor in the Harvard Dental School, was born
in Oldtown, Penobscot county, Maine, October 23,
1S53. Having completed his early education at
Allen Brothers' English and Classical School, West
Newton, Massachusetts, he began his professional
studies with Dr. .Samuel J. Shaw, of Marlborough,
same state, and entering the Harvard Dental School

496

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

with the Class of 1S74. was graduated with the
degree of Doctor of l_)eiital MecHcinc. A practice
of several years served to develop his skill as a
dentist, and in 1881 he was summoned back to
Harvard as Clinical Instructor in Operative Dentis-
try, continuing as such for three years, a part of
which time he was Chairman of the Board of
Instruction, and in 1890 he was called to the
School as Instructor in Orthodontia, was made Pro-
fessor of Mechanical Dentistry and Orthodontia in
September 1895, and Dean of the Faculty in
December 1895. Dr. Smith is actively interested

EUGENE H. SMITH

in the welfare of his profession and particularly in
mutual co-operation for its advancement, having
been for years closely identified with the leading
dental bodies, including the Harvard Odontological
and the Massachusetts Dental Societies, the Odonto-
logical Society of New York, the Boston Society for
Dental Improvement and the American Dental
Association ; has served as President of the Ameri-
can Academy of Dental Science and the Harvard
Odontological Society.

Dentistry at Harvard, 1890-92; formerly a member of
the Harvard Athletic Association; and Secretary of
the American Academy of Dental Science.

CHARLES HUTCHINS TAFT, D.M.D., In-
structor at the Harvard Dental School, was
born in Boston, Massachusetts, September 13, 1857.
He was educated preliminarily in the public schools
of Somerville, same state, and prepared for College
at the Cambridge High School, from which he en-
tered Harvard, graduating with tlie Class of 1881.
During his student days he took an active interest
in track athletics, was a member of the Harvard
Athletic Association and Pi Eta Society. For two
years following his graduation he was engaged in
mercantile pursuits in Boston and New York, and
in 1S84 he began his professional studies at the
Harvard Dental School, receiving the degree of
Doctor of Dental Medicine in 1886, since which
time he has practised in Cambridge, Chicago,
Boston and Newtonville. Dr. Taft has labored
diligently to promote the welfare and advancement
of his profession, having served as Secretary of the
Academy of Dental Science and the Harvard Dental
School Association ; is a member of the Harvard
Odontological, and the Massachusetts Dental Socie-
ties; and from 1S90 to 1892 he served as Instructor
in Operative Dentistry at the Harvard Dental School.
He is highly esteemed both professionally and so-
cially, and some years ago was elected President of
the Cambridge Riding Club.

TAFT, Charles Hutchins, 1857-

Born in Boston, Mass., 1857; graduated at Harvard,
1881 ; engaged in mercantile pursuits till 1884; grad-
uated at the Harvard Dental School, 1886; practised in
Cambridge to the present time ; Instructor of Operative

MORISON, John Hopkins, 1808-1896.

Born in Peterborough, N, H., 1808; graduated at
Harvard, 1831 ; well-known Unitarian minister; editor,
biographer and religious writer ; lecturer at Harvard
Divinity School, 1871-72; died in Boston, Mass., 1896.

JOHN HOPKINS MORISON, S.T.D., Divinity
Lecturer at Harvard, was born in Peterbor-
ough, New Hampshire, July 25, 1808. Ciraduating
at Harvard in 1831 he studied theology, and enter-
ing the ITnitarian ministry was for some time in
charge of a church in New Bedford, Massachusetts,
from which he was called to Milton, same state.
He was also the Editor of the Monthly Religious
Magazine. He was made a Doctor of Divinity by
Harvard in 1858, a Master of Arts in 1861, and
during the years 1871 and 1872 he held a Lecture-
ship in the Divinity School. Dr. Morison was the
author of a Disquisition on the Gospel of Matthew,
and Life of Jeremiah Smith. He also contributed
to the religious periodicals. He died in Boston,
April 26, 1896.

UNIFERSiriES JND -TIIKTR SONS

497

BARKER, George Frederick, 1835-

Born in Charlestown, Mass., 1835; graduated from
the Scientific Department of Yale, 1858 ; Assistant
Instructor in Chemistry during his Senior year; held
a similar position at the Harvard Medical School four
years; Professor of Natural Sciences at Wheaton
(111.) College; Acting Professor of Chemistry at the
Albany (N. Y.) Medical College ; held the Chair of
Natural Sciences at the Western University of Penn. ;
Demonstrator of Chemistry in the Medical Depart-
ment and Professor of Physiological Chemistry and
Toxicology at Yale ; and in 1873 appointed Professor
of Physics at the University of Pennsylvania: United
States Commissioner to the International Electrical
Exhibition at Paris in 1881 ; and widely known as
scientist and author.

GEORGE FREDERICK BARKER, Ph.B.,
M.D., Professor of Physiological Cliemistry
and Toxicology in the Yale Medical School, was
born in Charlestown, Massachusetts, July 14, 1835.
He served an apprenticeship with a manufacturer of
philosophical apparatus, having previously acquired
an academical education, and entering the Scientific
Department of Yale at the age of twenty-one, was
graduated in 1858. During his Senior year at Yale
he acted as Assistant Instructor in Chemistry, and
was subsequently for the years 185 8-1 85 9 and
1860-186 1 similarly engaged at the Harvard Uni-
versity Medical School. In 1861 he accepted the
Professorship of Natural Sciences at Wheaton
(Illinois) College, and in 1862 became Acting
Professor of Chemistry at the Albany (New York)
Medical College, where he also pursued a course in
Medicine, receiving his degree in 1863. For the
succeeding two years he filled the Chair of Natural
Sciences at the Western Pennsylvania University,
Pittsburg, was in 1865 made Deinonstrator of
Chemistry at the Yale Medical School, holding
Professor Silliman's chair during the Litter's ab-
sence; and in 1867 was chosen Professor of Physi-
ological Chemistry and Toxicology. In 1873 he
was called to the Professorship of Physics at tlie
University of Pennsylvania. Professor Barker was
one of the United States Commissioners to the
International Electrical Exhibition at Paris in 1881,
and a delegate to the International Congress of
Electricians. He was chosen by the President a
member of the United States Electrical Commission
in 1884 ; has been President of the American Asso-
ciation for the Advancement of Science : is a mem-
ber of the National Academy of Sciences ; has
rendered valuable services as an expert in both
civil and criminal actions ; and was made a Com-
mander of the Eegion of Honor liy the French
VOL. II. — 32

Government. Some of his publications have been
translated into the French and Japanese languages,
;ind his Text-book of ]'',lemenlary Chemistry has

passed through eight editions.

BARTLETT, Charles Joseph, 1864-

Born in Sutton, Vermont, 1864; graduated at Yale,
1892, at Medical School, 1895; Assistant in Pathology
thereuntil 1896; Instructor in Pathology and Bacteri-
ology until 1897 and in the latter year was inade
Assistant Professor of those subjects.

CH.\RLES JOSEPH BARTLETT, M.A..
M.D., Assistant Medical Professor at Yale,
was born in Sutton, Vermont, December 18, 1864,

C. J. I!.\R'1L1'.'1T

son of Joseph and Rachel Fletcher Bartlett. Some
of his ancestors were English and others came from
Burgundy. He prepared for College at the St.
Johnsbury Academy (Vermont), entered Yale with
the Class of 1892, and after completing his classical
course he continued his studies at the University,
pursuing a year's course in biology at the Shef-
field Scientific School. He also took the regular
course at the Medical School, from which he re-
ceived his degree in 1895, that of Master of Arts
having been conferred upon him the previous year,
and he has since taken special courses in pathology
and bacteriology in Germ;iny and elsewhere. In

498

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

1895 he was made Assistant in Pathology at Yale,
became Instructor in Pathology and Bacteriology
the following year, and was advanced to the Assis-
tant Professorship of those studies in 1897. Dr.
Bartlett is a member of the Phi Beta Kappa and
Delta Kappa Epsilon societies and of the New
Haven City, County, and State Medical Societies.
Politically he is independent. He was married in
June 1S98, to Genevieve B. Kinne (U. of M. '90) of
Vpsilanti, Michigan.

BREWER, William Henry, 1828-

Born in Poughkeepsie, N. Y., 1828 ; graduated from
the Scientific Department of Yale, 1852 ; studied abroad
two years ; taught in various educational institutions
including Washington, Pennsylvania College, and the
College of California: first Assistant on California
Geological Survey, i860 to 1864; Professor of Agricul-
ture at Yale for the past thirty-five years ; Lecturer at
Harvard, 1871-72; for many years identified with
public health and other useful organizations.

WILLIAM HENRY BREWER, M.A., Ph.D.,
Professor of Agriculture at Yale, was born
in Poughkeepsie, New York, September 24, 1828.
His parents were Henry and Rebecca (DuBois)
Brewer, the former of Dutch, Danish, French and
Scotch-Irish ancestry, and the latter was of French
Huguenot and Dutch origin. His original American
ancestors on both sides were early Colonists of New
Amsterdam, (later re-named New York) and some of
them assisted in founding the Huguenot settlements
in Lllster county. From the common schools he
went to the Academy in Ithaca, New York, pursued
a four years' course in the Yale Laboratory (now the
Sheffield Scientific School) from which he was grad-
uated in 1852, and afterward spent two years abroad,
perfecting his chemical studies in Heidelberg, Mu-
nich and Paris under Bunsen, Baron Liebig and
other noted scientists, also taking advanced courses
in geology and botany. Prior to visiting Europe he
taught in the Ithaca Academy, the Oakwood Agri-
cultural Institute and elsewhere, and after his return
he took the Chair of Natural Sciences in what is now
the Washington and Jefferson College, Washington,
Pennsylvania, occupying it for two years. In i860
he was appointed First Assistant on the Geological
Survey of the State of California, which necessitated
a residence of four years upon the Pacific coast, one
year of which he held the Professorship of Natural
Sciences at the College of California, and accepting
a call to the Chair of Agriculture at Yale in 1864,
has retained it continuously to the present time.

.41 the organization of the New Haven Board of
Health he was chosen a member, and acted as its
Chairman from 1S76 to 18S9, when he resigned his
membership ; has been a member of the State Board
from its establishment in 1877 ^"d its President
from 1893 ; was Chairman of the Commission hav-
ing charge of the Topographical Survey of Con-
necticut 1889 to 1895 ; has been a member of the
Board of Control of the Connecticut Agricultural
Experiment Station ever since its establishment
(1877), and is President of the Connecticut Acad-
emy of Arts and Sciences. He was made a member

W.M. H. BREWER

of the American Association for the Advancement
of Science in 1850; a member of the American
Public Health .Association in 1876 and of the Na-
tional Academy of Sciences in 1880. He has also
served upon several important commissions, in-
cluding the United States Forestry Commission and
is a member of the Berzelius Society and the Grad-
uates' Club, New Haven, and President of the
Arctic Club, New York. With the exception of a
short Lectureship at Harvard, 1871 to 1872, his
educational work for the past thirty- five years has
been confined to his Professorship at Yale. He was
one of the first students to receive the degree of
Bachelor of Science from that Uni\ersity, which also
made him an honorary Master of Arts in 1859, and

UNU'ERShtlES JND THEIR SONS

499

that of Doctor of Philosopliy was conferred upon
him by Washington and Jcflerson College in 1880.
On August 14, 1858, Professor Brewer married for
his first wife Angelina Jameson of ("lorham, Maine,
and on September i, 1868, he married for his sec-
ond wife Georgiana Robinson of Exeter, New Hamp-
shire. He has four children, all of his second
union : Nora, Henry, Arthur and Carl lireuer.
Henry and Arthur are graduates of the Sheffield
Scientific School. Professor Brewer has published
upward of one hundred and thirty papers, mono-
graphs and reports.

DANA, Edward Salisbury, 1849-

Born in New Haven, Conn., 1849 ; attended Hopkins
Grammar School ; graduated at Yale, 1870: studied in
Heidelberg and Vienna ; Trustee of Peabody Museum ;
Assistant Professor of Natural Philosophy at Yale;
Professor of Physics; Editor of American Journal of
Science; author of books on scientific subjects,
member of National Academy of Sciences.

EDW.ARD .SALISBURY DANA, Ph.D., Pro-
fessor of Physics at Yale, was born in New
Haven, Connecticut, November 16, 1849. His
parents were James Dwight and Henrietta Frances
(Silliman) Dana. Fitting for College in the schools
of New Haven — the Hopkins Grammar School
among others — he entered Yale in 1S66. After
four years of study he graduated (1870) and entered
upon a course of post-graduate work in science
which lasted for two years. He then went abroad,
and for two years more, in Heidelberg and Yienna,
he continued his study of science. Returning to
America he acted as Tutor of Mathematics at Yale
from 1874 to 1879, receiving the appointment of
Curator of the Mineralogical Collection in the
Peabody Museum, and later that of Trustee of the
Peabody Museum. For eleven years (1879-1890)
he was Assistant Professor of Natural Philosophy
in Yale, and 1890 he was appointed Professor of
Physics, which position he still occupies. Professor
Dana has been a liberal contributor to the literature
of science. He has written many articles for the
-American Journal of Science (of which publication
he is an Editor), notable among these being articles
on Mineralogy and Crystallography. He has also
made considerable contributions to Webster's Dic-
tionary and to the Century Dictionary. He is the
author of the following works : 'I'e.xt Book of Minera-
logy (new edition issued 1898) ; Text Book of
Mechanics ; Sixth Edition of Dana's System of

Mineralogy ; an<l Minerals and How to Study Them.
He is a member of the National Academy of
Sciences, the Geological Society of London, the
I-klinburgh Geological Society, the Cambridge (Eng-
land) Philosophical Society and others. He mar-
ried, October 2, 1883, Caroline Bristol of New
Haven. Their children are : Mary 15ristol, bcjrn

EDWARD S. D.ANA

January i, 18S6 ; James Dwight, born February 20,
1889, and \\'illiam Bristol born .-\ugust 2, 1896. In
politics he is an Independent.

BEACH, Frederick Elijah, 1863-

Born in New Haven, Conn., 1863; prepared for Col-
lege at Joseph Gile's and Eaton Public Schools, New
Haven; graduated from Yale, 1883; Ph.D. Yale, 1893;
machinist, 1883-87; draughtsman, 1887-90; Assistant
in Physics at Yale, 1891-94; Instructor, 1894-95;
Assistant Professor since 1895.

FRF.DKRICK ELIJAH BEACH, Ph.D., As-
sistant Professor of Physics at Yale, was born
in New Haven, June 12, 1863, son of Elijah and
Ellen (Botsford) Beach. He is a descendant of
John Beach who settled in New Haven in 1641,
whereas on the maternal side, his earliest .American
ancestor was Henry Botsford, who came to Mil-
ford in 1639. His early education was acquired

joo

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

at the Eaton Public School and the Joseph f.ile
School of New Haven. He grailuated from the Shef-
field Scientific School in 1883, and took the degree
of Doctor of Philosophy in 1893. From 1883 to
1SS7 Professor Beach was a machinist, and from then
until 1890 he acted as draughtsman for the New
York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad. He then
became Assistant in Physics at Yale, and in 1894 was

F. E. BEACH

made Instructor. He was raised to Assistant Pro-
fessor in 1895. Professor Beach is a member of
the Graduates' Club of New Haven.

LARNED, Joseph Gay Eaton, 1819-1870.

Born in Thompson: Conn., i8ig; graduated at Yale,
1839; taught school until 1842; Tutor at Yale until
1847 ; admitted to the Bar and practised in New Haven
some five years ; located in New York City and became
a Patent Attorney of note ; principal inventor of a steam
fire-engine; Assistant Inspector of Iron Clads at the
Brooklyn Navy Yard during the Civil War; one of the
founders of the Free Soil party in Conn. : was an in-
teresting writer upon political and genealogical sub-
jects; died in New York, 1870.

JOSEPH GAY EATON LARNED, M.A., Tutor
at Yale, was a native of Thompson, Connec-
ticut, and his birth took place .April 29, 181 9. He
was a half-brother of AVilliam .X. Larned, Yale 1826,
for over twenty years a member of the College

Faculty. He graduated from Yale with the Class of
1839 and was engaged in educational work in the
South and in New York state until he accepted a
Tutorship at his ii/iiia iiiatcr which he held for five
years. Having in the meantime studied law, lie
was admitted to the Bar in 1847. He removed to
New York City in 1852 and rapidly attained prom-
inence as a specialist in patent causes, and was
actively interested in developing some valuable
inventions. .A steam fire-engine, of which he was
the principal inventor, was accepted after consider-
able exertion on his part, by the city. Appointed
by the Government as Assistant Inspector of Iron-
Clads in 1863, he served in that capacity at the
Brooklyn Navy Yard, until the close of the Civil
War, when he returned to his practice. Mr. Larned
died in New York, June 3, 1870. The Free Soil
party of Connecticut owed its existence mainly to
his instrumentality and a number of contributions
to the New Englander in 1845, on Massachusetts
vs. South Carolina received favorable comment
throughout the North. Toward the close of his life
he prepared a genealogical record of his ancestry,
which forms the nucleus of The Larned Family
published in ."Albany some twenty-two years after
his death.

NIEMEYER, John Henry, 1839-

Born in Bremen, Germany, 1839 ; had early training
in the schools of Cincinnati, O. ; attended Ecole des
Beaux Arts, Paris, France ; Professor of Drawing in
the Yale School of Fine Arts; received Master's
degree from Yale.

JOHN HENRY NIEMEYER, M.A., Professor
of Drawing at Yale, son of Charles Henry
Niemeyer and Margaret Dorothea Otto, was born
in Bremen, Germany, June 25, 1839. At an early
age he left Germany, came to America and entered
the public schools of Cincinnati, Ohio, where he
was fitted for University work. In 1866 Mr. Nie-
meyer returned to Europe to pursue art studies in
the I'kole des Beaux Arts in Paris, France. In
1869 he exhibited two pictures in the Salon of
Paris: "Gutenberg inventing movable types"' and
a large portrait. He remained four years following
the special studies of that institution, and also
worked in the studio of M. Jacquesson de la Che-
vreuse where the classical traditions of the School
of Ingres were kept alive. In 1870 he graduated,
and with the idea of becoming a teacher of art he
came immediately to America, receiving within a
year the appointment of Professor of Drawing in

VNII'ERSITIF.S AND THEIR SONS

501

the Yale School of Fine Arts. Mr. Niemeyer con-
tinued his studies while teaching in the University,
and 1S72 he received the degree of Master of Arts
from Yale. He has been a member of the Union
League Club of New York, and of the Quinipiac
Club of New Haven, and lie is at present a member

.1. H. NIEMEYER

of the Graduates' Club of New Haven, and of the
Society of American Artists of New York. He
married, July 10, 1888, Anna Beekman Talmage.

OLMSTED, Denison, 1791-1859.

Born in East Hartford, Conn., 1791 ; graduated at
Yale, 1813; Tutor there 1815-17, while studying theol-
ogy ; Professor of Chemistry at the University of North
Carolina some years: accomplished the first State
Geological Survey in the United States ; Professor of
Natural Philosophy and Astronomy at Yale 1836-59;
was a close student of the physical sciences and one
of the leading scientific writers of his day; died, 1859.

DENISON OLMSTED, LL.D., Professor of
Natural Philosophy and Astronomy at Yale,
was born in East Hartford, Connecticut, June iS,
I 79 1. For two years after graduating from Yale
(I Si 3) he taught school in New London, and dur-
ing his two years' study of theology 1815-1817 he
was a Tutor in the College. Turning his attention
to educational pursuits he took tlie Professorship of

Chemistry, Mineralogy and Geology at the Univer-
sity of North Carolina, and during his several years'
membership of that Faculty he accomplished with-
out compensation a Geological Survey of the State,
the first undertaking of its kind in the United
States. Returning North he was summoned back
to Yale as a member of the Faculty with ample
opportunities for engaging in scientific research, and
from 1836 until his death, which occurred May 13,
1859, he was Professor of Natural Philosophy and
Astronomy. Resides his investigations in the physi-
cal sciences including theories as to the origin of
hailstones and meteors, he published a series of
text-books, the sale of which exceeded two hundred
thousand copies, and also a number of biographies
among which is The Life and Writings of Ebenezer
Porter ALason. Professor Olmsted received the
degree of Doctor of Laws from the University of
the City of New York in 1845. One of his sons,
Francis Allyn, who was graduated from the Academic
Department of Yale in 1839 and from the Medical
School in 1844, died in July of the latter year; and
another son, Alexander Fisher Olmsted (Yale 1844)
was Professor of Chemistry in the University of
North Carolina and died in 1853.

PECK, Robert Ellsworth, 1866-

Born in New Haven, Conn., 1866; attended the pub-
lic schools and Elm City Institute ; graduated from the
Sheffield Scientific School, 1890; from Yale Medical
School, 1893: completed his professional preparation
in New York City. Began practice in New Haven in
1894; appointed to the New Haven Dispensary Staff
same year ; Assistant in Clinical Medicine at Yale
1894; Physician to New Haven County Jail, 1895; t°
the staff of the N. Y. Post-Graduate Medical School
and Hospital, 1897; Instructor in Neurology at Yale in
1898; Chief of Neurological Clinic at the New Haven
Dispensary same year.

ROliERT ELLSWORTH PECK, M.D., In-
structor in Neurology at Yale, Medical
Department, was born in New Haven, Connec-
ticut, November S, 1866, son of Leonard Ells-
worth and jennette Winters (Clark) Peck. His
early education was obtained in the public schools
and at the Elm City Institute, from which latter he
entered the Sheffield Scientific School, Class
of 1890, and was subsequently a student in
the Medical Department of Yale, graduating in
1893. His professional preparations were com-
pleted with post-graduate work in New York City,
including hospital and dispensary service, and in

502

UNlFERSiriES AND THEIR SONS

1894 he engaged in general practice in his native
city. He was in the same year chosen an Attend-
ing Physician to the New Haven Dispensary, and
in 1895 appointed Medical Attendant at the New
Haven County Jail; and in 1897 he joined the
dispensary staff of the New York Post-graduate
Medical School and Hospital. Since 1894 Dr.
Peck has been Clinical Assistant to the Medical
Department of Yale and in 1898 he was made In-
structor in Neurology at Yale Medical Department,
and in the same year was appointed chief of the
Neurological Clinic at the New Haven Dispensary.

ROBERT E. PECK

Dr. Peck is a member of the Connecticut State,
and New Haven Medical Associations, and the
Young Men's Republican Club.

PERIT, Pelatiah, 1785-1864.

Born in Norwich, Conn., 1785; graduated at Yale,
1802; shipping merchant in New York City, 1817-1863 ;
prominently identified with public and financial affairs
of the metropolis ; liberal supporter of benevolent and
educational institutions ; a benefactor of Yale ; died,
1864.

P1:LATIAH PERIT, M.A., Benefactor and
Founder of the Perit Professorship at Yale,
was born in Norwich, Connecticut, June 23, 1785.

He was a Yale graduate taking the degree of Bachelor,
of Arts in 1802 and was later given that of Master
of Arts. Having discovered after a, year's experi-
ence as a teacher that a business cafeer was better
suited to his abilities than that of an educator, he
went to New York in 1809 and eight- years later
became a member of a large shipping firm, an en-
terprise in which he rapidly accumulated wealth,
and with which he was actively interested for more
than forty-five years. He was a potent figure in
political and financial circles, serving as a Police
Commissioner in the metropolis at a time when the
public security of the city was endangered by the
rival police factions, and rendering in that capacity
exceedingly valuable services in reorganizing the
department; and from 1853 to 1863 he was Presi-
dent of the New York Chamber of Commerce.
During the fatal cholera epidemic in 1832 he not
only donated a large amount toward relieving the
sufferers, but imperilled his own safety by nursing
the sick. Mr. Perit died in New Haven, March 8,
1864. He was a generous supporter of benevolent
objects and educational institutions, and his bene-
ficence to Yale consisted of the establishment with
a liberal endowment of the Professorship of Political
and Social Science which bears his name.

PECK, Tracy, 1838-

Born in Bristol, Conn., 1838; fitted for College at
Bristol Academy and Williston Seminary, Easthamp-
ton, Mass.; graduated at Yale, 1861 ; Tutor in Latin
at Yale, 1869-70; Professor of Latin at Cornell 1871-
80; Professor of Latin at Yale, 1880; Trustee of Wil-
liston Seminary; President of American Philological
Association, 1885-86; Editor-in-Chief of the College
Series of Latin Authors.

TRACY PECK, M.A., Professor of Latin in
Yale, was born in Bristol, Connecticut,
May 24, 1838, the son of Tracy and Sally (Adams)
Peck. He traces his ancestry in a direct line from
Paul Peck, a member of Rev. Thomas Hooker's
fiimous band of Hartford Colonists, and from Gov-
ernor William Bradford, of the Plymouth Colony.
His College preparation was received at the Bristol
(Connecticut) Academy and at the Williston Seminary
at Easthampton, Massachusetts. At Yale, where he
graduated in 1861, he made a specialty of the study
of language, paying particular attention to Latin.
At intervals from 1864 to 1870 he was Tutor of
Latin at Yale, and was then appointed Professor of
Latin in Cornell, occupying that position from 1871

UNIVERSITIES AND TIIEIR SONS

503

to iSSo. Ill iSSo he went to Vale to accept the
ai)pointment as Professor of Latin in that University.
He is at present serving in that capacity. Since
1883 Trofessor Peck has been a Trustee of llic

Europe ; returned to the College as Tutor in English
Literature, 1897-

TR.\CY PECK

WiUiston Seminary at Easthampton, Massachusetts,
where he was a student in his youth. He was in
1885 and 1SS6 President of the American Philologi-
cal .\s30ciation. In association with Professor C. L.
Smith, of Harvard, he has been Editor-in-Chief of
The College Series of Latin Authors, nine volumes
of which have already been published under the
imprint of Ginn & Company. Professor Peck is a
member of the Alpha Delta Phi ; the Phi Beta
Kappa and the Skull and Bones Societies. He
married Elizabeth Harriet Hall, of Hadleigh, Eng-
land, December 25, 1S70. Their children are:
Teresina and Tracy Peck, born respectively Novem-
ber 9, 1872, and April i, 1S74. In politics he is
an Independent.

DWARU BLISS Rl';i;i), I'h.l).. Tutor in Eng-
lish at Yale, was born in Lansingburgh, New
York, .August 19, i S72, son of Edward .Mien and Mary
(Bliss) Recil. Some of his ancestors were English
and others came directly from Holland. Prior to
entering Yale he attended the academy in his
native town, an<l the Ilolyoke (Massachusetts) High
School, and after taking his Bachelor's degree
(1S94) he devoted the succeeding two years to
post-graduate work, receiving the degree of Doctor
of Philosophy in 1896. He was then sent abroad
by the University f )r further study along the lines
which he projjosed to follou-, and after a year's work
in Europe, which he divided between Paris and
Munich, in October 1S97, he returned to Yale as
Tutor in English Literature. While an undergrad-
uate Dr. Reed was officially connected with some
of his class organizations and was selected to act in
a representati\e capacity on some of those occa-
sions, such as the delivery of the " Eence Oration,''

EDW.VRD 1). REED

REED, Edward Bliss, 1872-

Born in Lansingburgh, N. Y., 1872; educated at the calling for oratorical talent. He also assisted in

Lansingburgh Academy, the Holyoke High School, j^^^,; ^^^^ ^^ ^^^ College periodicals. He is a
and Yale, Class of 1894; remained at Yale as a post- , . ^, ., , , ^, , > ^, ,

...J.. ■ ■ u- A c member of Psi Upsilon, and the Graduates Club,

graduate student two years, receivmg his degree of ■■■^•"^^i ^. io v.-! ,

Doctor of Philosophy, 1896; completed his studies in New Haven.

5°4

UNIVERSiriES JND THEIR SONS

BRIGGS, Henry Clay, 1872-

Born in Brooklyn, N. Y., 1872 ; fitted for College in
the Brooklyn Public Schools ; studied the organ at the
Columbia Conservatory of Music in Brooklyn, and
under George W. Morgan, 1888-90; was employed by
the Interstate Commerce Commission of New York
from 1888 to 1892 ; graduated from Princeton, 1896; re-
ceived degree of A.M., 1898 ; entered Princeton Theo-
logical Seminary in 1896 and graduated 1899; Organist
and Choirmaster of Princeton since 1897.

H1:NRV clay BRIGGS, A.M., Organist and
Choirmaster, Princeton, was born in Brook-
lyn, New York, May 4, 1872, son of Henry Clay

HENRY C. BRIGGS

and Julia Almira (Mead) Briggs. His paternal
ancestors were among the early English Quaker
immigrants to America. His paternal great-grand-
mother was a Hallett, whose fainily owned Hallett's
Cove, Long Island, and a large tract of territory
adjacent, and whose ancestors had setded there
about 1670. A maternal ancestor, John Mead,
came from England in 1642, and bought a large
tract of land in Connecticut, including the cele-
brated " Put's Hill," extending down to the Sound,
where the family afterward established the town of
Greenwich. Dr. Darius Mead, his mother's uncle,
who was widely known as a philanthropist, was
called the " beloved Physician " of Greenwich,
where he practised for fifty-four years. He was

the founder of the Greenwich Academy, and in
1845 and 1846 represented the twelfth district in
the Connecticut Senate. Several members of the
Mead family have been prominent clergymen,
while Captain Daniel Merritt Mead distinguished
himself in the Civil U'ar. Mr. Briggs was prepared
fur College in the Boys' High School in Brooklyn.
He studied the organ at the Columbia Conservatory
of Music in Brooklyn, and was also a pupil of George
^\'. Morgan from 1888 to 1890. When but fifteen
years of age he received his first appointment as an
Organist, and has since then played in five promi-
nent Brooklyn churches. He was a clerk in the
employ of the Interstate Commerce Commission
of New York from June 1888 to June 1S92. He
entered Princeton and graduated with the Class of
1896. He became a student at the Princeton Theo-
logical Seminary in the fiill of 1896 and graduated in
May 1899. • He received the degree of Master of
Arts from Princeton in 1898, and since 1897 has
been Organist and Choirmaster at that University.
He is a member of the American Whig Society.
Mr. Briggs was married, September 12, 1898, to
Mabel, only daughter of J. Alonzo Poland, of
Brooklyn.

ATWATER, Lyman Hotchkiss, 1813-1883.

Born in New Haven, Conn., 1813; educated at Yale
and Theological Seminary: Tutor at Yale, 1833-35;
Pastor of the Congregational church in Fairfield, Conn.,
for nearly twenty years ; Prof, of Moral Philosophy and
Metaphysics at Princeton, 1854-1869 ; Prof, of Logic
and Moral and Political Science, 1869-1883 ; Lecturer
Extraordinary at Princeton Theological Seminary;
Acting-President of the University; Editor of the
Princeton Review; died in Princeton, N. J., 1883.

LYMAN HOTCHKISS ATWATER, D.D.,
LL.D., Tutor at Yale, and afterwards Pro-
fessor and Acting-President at Princeton, was born
in New Haven, Connecticut, February 20, 1813. He
was graduated from Yale with the Class of 183 1, re-
ceiving the degree of Master of Arts in course, and
from the Yale Theological Seminary in 1834. He
was a Tutor at Yale from 1833 to 1835 when he
accepted a call to the Congregational Church in
Fairfield, Connecticut, and retained his pastoral
relations with that society until summoned to the
Chair of Moral Philosophy and Metaphysics at
Princeton in 1854. He continued a member of
the Faculty there for the rest of his life, which ter-
minated February i 7, 1883, and for the last fourteen
years was Professor of Logic and Moral and Political

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

S'^S

Science. He was also i:ditor of the Princeton
Review and for some years Acting-President of the
University. Professor Atwater received the honor-
ary degree of Doctor of Divinity from Princeton in
1851, and that of Doctor of Laws from Vale in
1873. During his later years he was in addition to
his other duties at Princeton Lecturer Extraordinary
at the Theological Seminary. He contributed quite
extensively to religious periodicals, and published a
Manual of Elementary Logic.

BLAIR, John, 1689-1771.

Born in Williamsburg, Va., 1689; member of the
House of Burgesses ; President of the Council ; Acting
Governor of Virginia ; Professor of Theology at Prince-
ton ; also Trustee and Vice-President of Princeton;
died, 1771-

JOHN BLAIR, D.D., Vice-President of Prince-
ton in 1767-1768, was born in Williamsburg,
Virginia, in 16S9. He was of Scotch origin and a
nephew of the Rev. James Blair, founder of William
and Mary College. Beginning life with a liberal
education, he acquired prominence in the public
affairs of his native state, serving as a member of
the House of Burgesses in 1736, and was President
of the Council and Acting Governor in 1757-1758,
and again in 1768. While in office he displayed a
spirit of religious toleration, denoting him to be a
man far in advance of his time. Dr. Blair received
in 1762 the honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity
from Princeton, of which he was a Trustee in 1766-
1767, Vice-President 1767-176S, and held the Pro-
fessorship of Theology and Moral Philosophy there
from 1767 to 1770. His death occurred in 1771.

of John Clinc and Sarah Matilda (Pierson) Davison.
He is of Scotch- Irish, French and Dutch descent,
his paternal great-grandparents, who were of Scotch-
Irish descent, coming from the North of Ireland to
this country, while his maternal great-grcat-grand-
parents were of French and Dutch descent. He
received his preliminary education at a public
school in Hainesburg, and in Hackettstown,
and was fitted for College in Blair Presbyterian
Academy in Blairstown, New Jersey, and a Prepar-
atory School at Lebanon, Ohio. He took the
Classical course at Lebanon, graduating with the

ALVIN DAVISON

DAVISON. Alvin, 1868-

Born in Hainesburg, N. J., 1868 ; fitted for College at
Blair Presbyterian Academy, Blairstown, N. J., and
Preparatory School at Lebanon, O. ; graduated at
Lebanon, 1889 : graduate course ; Instructor in Natural
Sciences : degree of A.M. Lebanon, 1891 ; Associate
Principal Normal School at Huntingdon, Tenn., 1892.
93 ; Demonstrator in Biology at Princeton, 1894 ; In-
structor Lafayette College, Easton, Pa., 1894-95; As-
sistant Professor Biology Lafayette 1895 and Professor
since 1897 ; University Fellow in Biology Princeton,
1893-94; Ph.D. Princeton, 1896.

ALVIN DAVISON, Ph.D., Demonstrator of
Biology, Princeton, was born in Hainesburg,
Warren county. New Jersey, January 16, 1S6S, son

Class of 1889. Pursuing his studies in a graduate
course in the natural sciences at Lebanon, and at
the same time performing the duties of Instructor
in that College, he was awarded the degree of
Master of Arts in 1891. From 1S92 to 1S93 he
was associate Principal of tlie Normal School at
Huntingdon, Tennessee. In 1891 he went to
Princeton for a course in biology, psychology and
chemistry, receiving the degree of Doctor of Phil-
osophy in 1896. He was a resident student for one
term in 1891, and from ICS93 to 1894, when he was
Lfniversity Fellow in Biology. He was also Demon-
strator in Biology at Princeton for two months in
1894. From 1894 to 1895 he was Instructor in
Vertebrate Anatomy in Lafayette College, Easton,

5o6

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

Pennsylvania, and in 1895 ^^'^^ appointed Assistant
Professor of Biology in the same College. Since
1897 he has occupied the Chair of full Professor in
this branch. During the summer of 1896 he took
a course in bacteriology at Cold Spring Biological
Laboratory. He went to Europe in 1S97 and
studied at Freiberg, Germany, taking a course in
Zoology under Weissman and studying Anatomy
under \\'iedersheini. Professor Davison is a mem-
ber of the Clio Literary Society at Princeton, the
Biological Club of Princeton and the Lafayette Bio-
logical Society. He was married August 11, 1892,
to Kate Belle Wells, and has two children : Virgil
Alvin and Margaret Andress Davison.

CONDICT, Lewis, 1773-1862.

Born in Morristown, N. J., 1773; studied medicine at
the University of Pennsylvania ; was High Sheriff of
Morris county, N. J. ; Speaker of the Lower House of
the Legislature ; member of Congress for a number of
terms; a Trustee of Princeton for thirty-four years;
died, 1862.

LEWIS CONDICT M.D., Trustee of Prince-
ton, was born in Morristown, New Jersey,
in March, 1773. Graduating from the Medical De-
partment of the University of Pennsylvania in 1794
he entered into practice in his native town and
almost immediately became prominent in public
affairs. Prior to the year 1800 he served as High
Sheriff of Morris county, was a member of the New
Jersey House of Representatives from 1805 to 1810,
ser\ing as Speaker during the last two years ; was
one of the Commissioners to adjust the boundary
line between New Jersey and New York ; was a
member of Congress from t8ii to 1S17, and again
from 1821 to 1833, declining further nomination
and was a Presidential Elector in 1840. Dr. Con-
diet received the honorary degree of Master of Arts
from Princeton in 18 16, and rendered valuable
services to the College as a Trustee. He died May
26, 1862.

DICKINSON, Jonathan, 1688-1747.

Born in Hatfield, Mass., 1688; graduated Yale, 1706;
Pastor of the Church in Elizabethtown, 1709 ; first
President College of New Jersey, 1747; died, 1747.

JONATHAN DICKINSON, A.M., first President
of the College of New Jersey (Princeton), was
bom in Hatfield, Massachusetts, April 22, 16SS,

was graduateil in i 706, and three years later was
installed Pastor of the Church at Elizabethtown,
New Jersey, in which charge he continued to the
time of his death, nearly forty years after. His
parish was a large one, including the townships of
Roxbury, Westfield, Union, Springfield and a part
of Chatham. In the affairs of the Church in New
Jersey, he took a leading part, and after the separa-
tion from the Synod of Philadelphia, he was active
and influential in procuring the charter for the Col-
lege of New Jersey. Mr. Dickinson, in addition to
his services as minister, was accustomed to receive

JONATHAN DICKINSON

young men for instruction preparatory to profes-
sional study, and he was chosen the first President
of the new College in 1 746. The College was
opened in the fourth week of May in the following
year, 1747, at which time President Dickinson as-
sumed office. The sessions of the College were
held at his house in Elizabethtown. Hardly more
than four months after the opening of the College,
President Dickinson was seized with a pleuritic af-
fection and died, October 7, 1747. Short as was
his service, he impressed something of his character
upon the Institution, and his memory is revered as
that of " the man to whom, as much as to any
single person, the College was indebted for its
existence."

UNirF.RSlT'JES AND TIIEIK SONS

507

BROWN, Isaac Van Arsdale, 1784-1861.

Born in New Jersey, 1784; graduated at Princeton
1802 ; Pastor of a Church in Lawrenceville 1807-1842 ; a
Trustee of Princeton from 1816 till his death in 1861.

ISAAC VAN ARSDALE BROWN, D.D., Trustee
of Princeton, was born in Somerset county.
New Jersey, November 4, 1784. His Bachelor's
and Master's degrees were obtained at Princeton,
where he was graduated in 1802, and he was a Tutor
there in 1805-1806. His theological studies were
pursued under the direction of Dr. John Woodhull,
of Freehold, New Jersey. His first Pastorate, that
of a church in Lawrenceville, extended from 1S07 to
1842, during which time he established and con-
ducted in addition to his ministerial duties, a classical
and commercial boarding-school. From Lawrence-
ville he moved to Mount Holly, and later resiiled in
Trenton, where he spent the remainder of his life.
He was one of the founders of the American Colon-
ization Society, and the American Bible Society.
Dr. Brown was made a Doctor of Divinity by
Lafayette in 1858. That he took an unusually active
interest in the welfltre of Princeton is manifested by
his long continued membership on the Board of
Trustees, extending from 1816 until his death, which
occurred April 19, 1861. He was the author of a
Life of Robert Finley, D.D. ; The Unity of the
Human Race ; and a Historical Vindication of the
abrogation of the Plan of Union by the Presbyterian
Church in the United States of America.

MADISON, James, 1751-1836.

Born in Virginia, 1751 ; prepared for College under
the guidance of the Parish Clergyman ; graduated at
Princeton, 1771 ; member of the first Legislature of
Virginia; of the Continental Congress ; delegate to the
Annapolis and Philadelphia Conventions, and the Vir-
ginia Constitutional Convention ; member of the first
Federal House of Representatives ; Secretary of State
in President Jefferson's Cabinet; fourth President of
the United States; Director of the University of Vir-
ginia ; founder of the Whig Society at Princeton ; died,
1836.

JAMES MADISON, LL.D., Founder of the Whig
Society at Princeton, and fourtli President of
the United States, was born in Port Conway, Vir-
ginia, March 16, 1751, son of James and Nelly
(Conway) ALidison. He was a descendant in the
fifth generation of John Madison, who was granted
a tract of land on Chesapeake liny in 1653. His
great-grandfather was John ALulison, 2d, and Iiis

grandfather was Ambrose Madison, who on August
24, 1 72 1, married Frances Taylor, of Orange county,
Virginia, daugiiter of James Taylor, who was the
great-grandfather of President Zachary Taylor.
James Madison, ist, eldest child of Ambrose, was
born March 27, 1723; married Nelly Conway,
September 15, 1749; and of the twelve children of
this union, he whose destiny it was to reach the
highest pinnacle of official greatness in a newly
created republic, was the first born. James Madi-
son's immediate ancestors were intelligent, well-to-
do Virginians. His early studies were pursued at a

JAMES MADTSON

good school presided over by one Donald Robert-
son, a Scotchman, and his College preparations were
directed by the Parish Clergyman, Rev. Thomas
Martin. A custom among many of the aristocratic
Virginians of sending their sons to Princeton was
adhered to in his case, and having taken his Bach-
elor's degree in 1771, and devoting another year to
the study of Hebrew in the College, he returned
home to begin the task of directing the education of
his younger brothers and sisters, and at the same
time to enrich his mind by reading law, history and
theology. His patriotism and precocity in public
affairs were on a par with those of Alexander Hamil-
ton, and in many respects the two statesmen re-
sembled each other. His scholarly ability, strict

5o8

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

integrity and sound judgment, early developed,
were readily recognized and made use of by the
elective element in his ]iortion of the Colony, and
his entrance into public life at the age of twenty-
three added to the list of Revolutionary statesmen
a man admirably equipped both by genius and
learning to figure prominently in the stirring events
which were about to transpire in the British Colonies
of North America. Although an extended account
of Mr. Madison's public services cannot be con-
sidered as coming strictly within the province of
this work, his connection with Princeton as student
and founder of the Whig Society, as well as the
honor he brought to the College as one of its most
talented and famous sons, entitles him to be in-
cluded within the record of celebrities sent forth
from that venerable seat of learning to assist in
founding a great nation, and providing for its future
prosperity. The public life of James Madison be-
gan with his election to the Committee of Safety at
Orange, Virginia, in 1774. He was next chosen a
delegate to the Convention which instructed the
Virginia delegation in the Continental Congress to
favor a Declaration of Independence ; took a con-
spicuous part in framing the State Constitution ;
was a member of the first State Legislature, and
subsequently several times elected to that body ;
member of the Continental Congress, the Annapolis
Convention, and the Federal Constitutional Conven-
tion at Philadelphia; member of the first session of
the National House of Representatives ; Secretary of
State in President Jefferson's Cabinet, was the fourth
President of the United States, serving two terms ;
and retired permanently from public life in 181 7.
President Madison spent the remaining nineteen
years of his life upon his estate at Montpelier, Vir-
ginia, and his death occurred June 28, 1836. The
degree of Doctor of Laws was conferred upon him
by Princeton in 1787, and he was for some time a
Director of the University of Virginia. In September
I 794, he married Dorothy (Payne) Todd, a young
widow, who possessed many personal charms and
accomplishments.

President of the Home for Cripples; died in N. Y.
City, 1875.

JOHN CLEVE GREEN, Benefactor of Princeton,
was born in I.awrenceville, New Jersey, Ajiril
14, iSoo, and after receiving an academic education,
entered upon a mercantile career in New York City.
For ten years, 1823-1833, he went as supercargo
for his firm on vessels sailing to South America and
China, at that time locating in Canton as a member
of the firm of Russell & Company. In 1839 he re-
turned with a large fortune and settled in New York,
continuing his connection with the China trade and
devoting much of his time and means to religious
and charitable enterprises. For many years he was
a Trustee and Financial Agent of Princeton Theo-
logical Seminary, for which he endowed the Helena
Professorship of History, built one of the Professor's
houses, renovated the Chapel at an expense equal to
its original cost, remodelled the Dining-Hall, and
finally left to the institution a bequest of S50,ooo.
He also founded at Princeton the John C. Green
School of Science. Mr. Green was also liberal in
his gifts to the University of New York. He was a
Trustee of the New York Hospital, also of the Deaf
and Dumb Asylum, and President of the Home for
Cripples. He died in New York City, April 28,
1875-

GREEN, John Cleve, 1800-1875.

Born in Lawrenceville, N. J., 1800; received an
academic education ; entered mercantile life ; Trustee
and Financial Agent of Princeton Theological Semi-
nary; founded the John C. Green School of Science at
Princeton; endowed the University of N. Y. ; Trustee
of the N. Y. Hospital and Deaf and Dumb Asylum;

MILLER, Samuel, 1769-1850.

Born in Dover, Del., 1769; graduated at the Univer-
sity of Pennsylvania, 1789; ordained to the ministry,
1791 ; was for some time Associate Pastor of the First
Presbyterian Church, N. Y. ; member of the Princeton
Theological Faculty, 1813-49 ; prolific religious writer ;
died, 1850.

SAMUEL MILLER, D.D., LL.D., Trustee of
Princeton, was born in Dover, Delaware,
October 31, 1769, son of Rev. John Miller, for
many years a Presbyterian clergyman in that section.
He took his Bachelor's degree at the University of
Pennsylvania with the Class of 1789, afterwards
preparing for the ministry to which he was ordained
in 1 79 1, and was almost immediately called to the
Associate Pastorate of the First Presbyterian Church,
New York. In 1813 he was chosen Professor of
Ecclesiastical History and Church Government at
the Princeton Theological Seminary, retaining that
Chair until 1849, and his death occurred in Prince-
ton, January 7, 1850. He received the degree of
Master of .Arts from the University of Pennsylvania,

UNIVERSITIES JND THEIR SONS

509

Princeton and Yale, that of Doctor of Divinity from
the University of Pennsylvania, Union College and
the University of North Carolina, and that of
Doctor of Laws from Washington College. Dr.
Miller was a Trustee of Columbia from 1S06 to
1S13, and of Princeton from 1807 to 1850. He
was one of the most distinguished theologians
and polemic writers of his day, and his numerous
works cover a wide field of religious thought.

NEILL, William, 1778-1860.

Born near McKeesport, Penn., 1778; graduated at
Princeton, 1803; Tutor there two years; entered the
ministry and was engaged in pastoral work till 1824;
President of Dickinson College till 1829; Secretary of
the Presbyterian Board of Education till 1831 ; re-
sumed preaching and retired permanently in 1842; at
one time Clerk of the Princeton Faculty; died, i860.

WILLIAM NEILL, D.D., Clerk of the
Faculty at Princeton, was born near
McKeesport, Allegheny county, Pennsylvania, in
1778. In early childhood he suffered the loss
of his parents who were massacred by the Indians,
leaving him to the care of relatives. His prepara-
tory studies were pursued at the academy which
was later enlarged and incorporated as Jefferson
College, and after taking his Bachelor's degree at
Princeton, he took up the study of theology, serving
as a Tutor in the latter Institution until 1S05, when
he was ordained to the ministry by the New Bruns-
wick Presbytery. From Cooperstown, New York,
the scene of his first Pastorate, he went to Albany,
where he labored until 1816, and from there to
Philadelphia. In 1S24 he was chosen President
of Dickinson College, holding that office for the
ensuing five years, and from 1829 to 1831 he acted
as Secretary and General Agent of the Presbyterian
Board of Education. Resuming his ministerial
labors in the latter year he was Pastor of a church
in Germantown, Pennsylvania, until 1S42, when
he retired permanently from the jjulpit and resided
in Philadeli)hia until his death, which occurred
August S, 1S60. For a number of jcars he was
Editor of the Presbyterian, and besides articles
in the reviews he published several religious works,
including a series of Lectures on BibHcal History.
Dr. Neill received his Divinity degree from LTnion
College in 1S12, while that of Master of Arts was
given him by Princeton, of whose Faculty he was
for some time Clerk.

MINTO, Walter, 1753-1796.

Born in Cowdenham, Scotland, 1753; graduate of
the Edinburgh University; acquired a knowledge of
astronomical mathematics in Pisa, Italy ; taught math-
ematics in Edinburgh; came to the United States,
1786; Professor in Mathematics and Natural Phil-
osophy at Princeton, 1787-1796; Treasurer of the
College at the time of his death, in 1796.

WALTER MINTO, LL.D., Professor of
Mathematics at Princeton, was born in
Cowdenham, Scotland, December 6, 1753. He
was graduated at the Edinburgh University, and
subsequently was employed as private tutor to the

WALTER MINTO

sons of a member of Parliament, with whom he
went to Italy. A\'hile residing in Pisa he obtained
from Dr. Giuseppe Slop, the Astronomer, a knowl-
edge of applying mathematics to the celestial
bodies (then a comparatively new study), and resign-
ing his Tutorship he returned to Edinburgh, where
he taught mathematics until 17S6, when he came
to the United States. In 17S7 he took the Pro-
fessorship of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy
at Princeton, and in 1795 was appointed Treasurer
of the College, holding both of diese ]iosts for
the rest of his life. He died October 21, 1796.
The degree of Doctor of Laws was conferred upon
Professor Minto about the yrar i 7S7 by the Uni-
versity of Aberdeen. He published liis Inaugural

5^^

UNIVERSITIES AND 1-HEIR SONS

Oration on the Progress and Importance of the
Mathematical Sciences ; An Account of the Life,
Writings, and Inventions of Napier of Merchiston,
written in collaboration with Lord Buchan ; Re-
searches into Some Parts of the Theory of Planets,
and Demonstrations of the Path of the New Planet.

OGDEN, Aaron, 1756-1839.

Born in Elizabethtown, N. J., 1756; graduated at
Princeton, 1773 ; served as an officer under Generals
Lee, Lord Sterling, Maxwell, and Lafayette in the
Revolutionary War, acquiring the rank of Deputy
Quartermaster-General; Governor and Chancellor of
New Jersey; Boundary Commissioner and U. S. Sen-
ator; President of the Society of the Cincinnati ten
years; Trustee of Princeton, 1803-1812; and again 1817
until his death in 1839.

AARON OGDEN, LL.D., Trustee of Prince-
ton, was born in Elizabethtown, New
Jersey, December 3, 1756. He was a son of
the Revolutionary patriot, Robert Ogden, member
of the King's Council, Speaker of the New Jersey
Legislature, delegate to the Continental Congress
in 1765, and member of the Elizabethtown Com-
mittee of Safety in 1776. After graduating from
Princeton (1773), Aaron Ogden turned his attention
to teaching, but soon became an active participant in
the general movement for American independence,
^ and assisted in capturing off Sandy Hook the ship
Blue Mountain Valley, which was laden with war
material for the British Army. He subsequently
served as Captain of a New Jersey Company at the
Battle of Brandywine ; as Brigade-Major under
General Charles Lee, and as Assistant Aide-de-
Camp to Lord Sterling at the Battle of Monmouth ;
and was under General William Maxwell in Sulli-
van's expedition against the Indians. Joining the
command under General Lafiiyette, he was later
intrusted by Washington with a delicate mission
in connection with negotiating for the exchange
of Major Andr(i for Benedict .Arnold, and he dis-
tinguished himself at the Siege of Yorktown, after
which he was commissioned as Lieutenant-Colonel,
and at the time of his retirement from the army
(iSoo), he was serving as Deputy Quartermaster-
General of the United States forces. After the
declaration of peace, he studied law which he
practised successfully ; was a Presidental Elector in
1796; United States Senator 1801 to 1803; was
chosen Governor by the Legislature in 181 2;
declined a Major-General's commission in the
Regular Army during the War of 1812 to 1S15, pre-

ferring instead to act as Commander-in-Chief of the
State troops. He also held the office of Chancellor
of New Jersey, and was a member of the Boundary
Commission in 1S06. In 1824 he was elected
President of the New Jersey Branch of the Society
of the Cincinnati, and in 1829 became President
General of tlie national organization, holding both
chairs for the rest of his life, which terminated
in Jersey City, .'\pril 19, 1839. Governor Ogden
received the degrees of Master of Arts and Doctor

.iARON OGDEN

of Laws from Princeton, the latter in 1S16, and
he was a Trustee of that College from 1S03 to
181 2, and again from 181 7 until his death.

ORMOND, Alexander Thomas, 1847-

Born in Punxsutawney, Pa., 1847 ; fitted for College
at Glade Run and Elderton Academies in Western Pa.,
and in the Preparatory Department of Miami Univer-
sity at Oxford, Ohio; graduated, Princeton, 1877; Fel-
low in Mental Science, Princeton, 1877-78; Fellow in
Social and Mental Science, 1878-79 ; Ph.D., Princeton,
1880; Professor of Philosophy and History, University
of Minnesota, 1880 ; Professor of Mental Science and
Logic, Princeton, 1883; McCosh Professor of Philoso-
phy in Princeton since 1898 ; LL.D. Miami 1899.

LEXANDER THOMAS ORMOND, Ph.D.,
LL.D., McCosh Professor of Philosophy,
Princeton, was born in Punxsutawney. Pennsvlvania,

UNIVERSITIES ANl^) TIIETR SONS

511

April 26, 1S47, son of John Kelso and I\rary Ann
(^Findlcy) Ormond. He is of Scotch-Irish and
Huguenot ancestry. He was fitted for College
at the Academies of CJkide Run and Elderton in
Western Pennsyhania, and in the Preparatory De-
partment of Miami University at Oxford, Ohio.
He entered Princeton in 1 8 73, graduating in the
Class of 1S77. He then devoted three years to
post-graduate study at Princeton, being Fellow in
Mental Science the year after graduation, and Fellow
in Social and Mental Science the following year. In
18S0 he received the degree of Doctor of Philoso-

have six children : John Kelso, Arcliie Huston,
Harold Huston, Alexander Thomas, Margaret and
Roger.

ALEXANDER T. ORMOND

phy from Princeton, and was also called to the
Professorship of Philosophy and History in the
University of Minnesota. This chair he filled until
1883, when he was called to the Professorship of
Mental Science and Logic at Princeton, a position
he held for fifteen years, and in 1898 was appointed
to the McCosh Professorship of Philosophy in the
University, his present position. He is a Republi-
can of independent proclivities. Professor Ormond
has published a work entitled : Basal Concepts in
Philosophy ; and also contributed a number of
articles to the Princeton Review, Psychological
Review, ami other periodicals. He was married,
June 18, 18S4, to Mary, daughter of John P.
Huston of Appleby Manor, Pennsylvania. They

RUTGERS, Henry, 1745-1830.

Born in New York City, 1745; graduated Colurribia,
1766; Captain in the Revolutionary Army ; member of
the New York Legislature, 1784-1808; Regent of New
York State University, 1802-1826; Presidential Elector,
1808, 1816, 1820; Rutgers College takes his name, 1825;
Trustee Princeton, 1804-17; died in New York City,
1830.

HENRY RUTGERS, Trustee of Princeton,
was born in New York City, October 5,
1745, and graduated at Columbia in 1766. He
took an active part in the Revolutionary struggle,
serving as a Captain at the Pattle of White Plains,
and subsequently as an officer in the New York
Militia. His house was used as a barracks ami
hospital during the British occupation of New York.
After independence was secured, Mr. Rutgers
served for a number of years in the Legislature of
his state, his first election being in 1784; he was
also chosen Presidential I'^lector in 1808, 18 16 and
1820. He was generously interested in education,
and being a large and landed proprietor in New
York City, he gave nimierous sites for schools,
churches and charities. It was his gift of ?5,ooo
which revived Queen's College in New Jersey, the
name of which was changed to Rutgers College in
1825. From 1802 to 1826 he was a Regent of the
New York State University, an<l Trustee of Prince-
ton, from 1804 to 1817. He died in the City of
his birth, February 17, 1830.

SHIPPEN, William, 1736-1808.

Born in Philadelphia, 1736; graduated with valedic-
tory at Princeton, 1754; M.D. Edinburgh, Scotland,
1761; established School of Anatomy in Philadelphia,
1762; Professor of Anatomy and Surgery, College of
Philadelphia, 1765-80; Professor of Anatomy, Surgery
and Midwifery, University of Pennsylvania, 1780-1806;
Director General of Military Hospitals during the
Revolutionary War: Trustee of Princeton, 1765-96;
died, 1808.

WILLIAM SHIPPEN, M.D., Trustee of
Princeton, was born in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, October 21, 1736, the third in
descent from Edward Shippen, a wealthy merchant
of Boston, Massachusetts, who fled to Pennsylvania
in 1693 to escape the Quaker persecution in the
Massachusetts Bay Colony. ^\■lHiam Shippen grad-
uated as valedictorian of his class at Princeton, in

5^2

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

1754, subsequently receiving the degree of Master
of Arts from that College. After several years of
study at home and abroad, he took the degree of
Doctor of Medicine at lulinhurgh, Scotland, and
retvirned to the practice of his profession in Phila-
delphia in 1762. Here he established a School of
Anatomy, the first in America, in which he de-
livered lectures until 1765, when he took the
Chair of Anatomy and Surgery in the newly estab-
lished Medical School of the College of Philadel-
phia, of which he was one of the founders. In
1780 he was elected to a Chair in the University of
the State of Pennsylvania, and when this was united
with the College of Philadelphia as the University
of Pennsylvania, he became Professor of Anatomy,
retaining the position until 1806. During the
Revolutionary War, Dr. Shippen was unanimously
elected by Congress, " Director Ceneral of all the
Military Hospitals for the Armies of the United
States." He was Trustee of Princeton from 1765
to 1 796. His death occurred in Germantovvn,
Pennsylvania, July 11, 1808.

STUART, Robert Leighton, 1806-1882.

Born in New York City, 1806; first refiner of sugar
by steam 1832; retired from active business, 1872;
President of the American Museum of Natural History
and of the Presbyterian Hospital, New York; Bene-
factor of Princeton, 1S80; died, 1S82.

ROBERT LEIGHTON STUART, Benefactor
of Princeton, was born in New York City,
July 21, 1806. His father, Kinloch Stuart, a suc-
cessful manufacturer of candy, who came to this
country from Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1805, died in
1826, and his son succeeded to the business. In
partnership with his brother Alexander, Mr. Stuart
began refining sugar by steam in 1832, the first suc-
cessful application of this process. The candy
business was abandoned in 1856, and the firm
thereafter carried on only the refining of sugar.
Having accumulated a large fortune, the brothers
retired from business in 1872. ^fr. Stuart was
active and liberal in promoting charitable, scientific
and educational institutions. He was President of
the American Museum of Natural History and of
the Presbyterian Hospital, in New York, and pos-
sessed a large library and gallery of paintings. In
18S0 he made a number of munificent gifts to pub-
lic institutions, among them Si 00,000 to Princeton,
and $100,000 to the Theological Seminary. He
died in New York City, December 12. 1882.

WHELPLEY, Edward William, 1818-1864.

Born in Morristown, N. J., 1818; graduated Prince-
ton, 1834; admitted to the Bar, 1839; member of the
New Jersey Legislature, 1848; Speaker of Assembly,
18^9 : Associate Justice Supreme Court of New Jersey,
1858; Chief-Justice, 1861 ; Trustee of Princeton, 1862 to
time of death : LL D. Rutgers, 1851 ; died, 1864.

EDWARD WILLIAM WHELP], EY, LL.D.,
Trustee of Princeton, Chief Justice of the
Supreme Court of New Jersey, was born in Morris-
town, New Jersey, in 181 8, and graduated from
Princeton in 1834, at the early age of sixteen.

EDWARD W. WHELPLEY

After teaching school for two years, he studied law
and in 1839, established himself in practice at
Newark, New Jersey, subsequently removing to
Morristown, where he speedily attained prominence
in his profession. He was thrice elected a member
of the Assembly, in 1848 and 1849, and served as
the presiding oiificer of that branch of the Legisla-
ture in his second term. In 1858 he was appointed
to a seat on the Supreme Bench, succeeding Judge
Ryerson, and three years later, when Chief-Justice
Green was made Chancellor, he was promoted to
the higher position, which he held to the time of
his death, in February 1864. Judge Whelpley re-
ceived the degree of Doctor of Laws from Rutgers
in 1851, and was Trustee of Princeton, from 1862
to 1S64.

UNIJ'F.RSI-TIKS AND rilF.IR SONS

513

BABBITT, Eugene Howard, 1859-

Born in Bridgewater, Conn., 1859; graduate of
Conn. State Normal School, 1880; Principal of graded
school at New Hartford. Conn , 1880-81 ; graduate of
Phillips-Andover Academy, 1883; graduate of Har-
vard, 1886; Instructor in German at Harvard, 1885-86;
studied in Europe, 1886-87; Instructor in Modern
Languages, Mass. Institute of Technology, 1887-88;
Instructor in German, Harvard, 1888-89; Instructor in
Germanic Languages, Columbia, since 1892.

EUc;ENE HOWARD HABniTl', Instructor in
Germanic Langiuige at Columbia, was born
in Brideewater, Connecticut, May 8, 1859, and is

E. H. BABBIIT

descended from New England Puritan ancestors on
botii sides. He received his early education in the
common schools and local academies of his native
place, and later attended a " Select School " near
Bridgewater. In 1877 he began teaching in the
Coimecticut district schools and afterwards studied
at the Connecticut State Normal School, graduating
from there in 1880. During the year following his
graduation he was Principal of a graded school at
New Hartford, Connecticut, and then entered Phil-
lips-Andover Academy. Finishing his course there
in 1883, he entered Harvard and took his degree in
1886. During the last year of his College course he
was Instructor in German there. On leaving Har-
vard he went abroad and spent a year in European
VOL. 11. — 33

study, returning to the United States in 1887 to
become Instructor in Modern Languages at the Mas-
sachusetts Institute of Technology. He returned
to his old position at Harvard in the following year,
but in 1P89 went abroad again for another year's
study in European Universities. .Since 1892 Mr.
Babbitt has held the post of Instructor in (Jermanic
Languages at Columbia. He is a member and since
1894 has been Secretary of the American Dialect
Society, a member of the Modern Language Associ-
ation of America, and was a member of the Reform
Club of New York ('ity from 1893 to 1896. He
married, September 16, 1H91, Mary B. King. They
have three children, two boys and a girl.

BURDICK, Francis Marion, 1845-

Born in DeRuyter, New York, 1845; graduate of
Hamilton College, 1869 and Hamilton College Law
School, 1872; admitted to the Bar at Utica, N. Y. in
1872; on the editorial staff of the Utica Morning Herald
for some time ; Mayor of Utica, 1882-83; Inspector of
the United States Mint, i888-8g.

FRANCIS MARION BURDICK, A.M., LL.D.,
Dwight Professor of Law at Columbia,
was born in DeRuyter, New York, August i, 1845.
Through his father, Albert G. Burdick, he was de-
scended from the early settlers of Rhode Island,
while his mother, Eunetia Yale Wheeler, came of a
family whose representatives were among the first
to strike inland from the Massachusetts coast-line
toward the then unknown interior of New England.
The subject of this sketch in early life attended the
district school of his native town, and later the
DeRuyter Institute. After a preparatory course at
the Academy at Cazenovia, New York, he entered
Hamilton College. Graduating from there in 1869,
he became a student at the Hamilton Law School,
taking his degree in 1872, and was admitted to the
Bar in Utica in the same year. He spent some
time perfecting himself in the practical work of his
chosen profession,- in the law office of Hon. Charles
Mason at LTtica, and was also for some time engaged
in journalistic work as a member of the editorial
staff of the Utica Morning Herald. He entered
upon the practice of his profession in Utica, and so
continued during 1882, when he was requested to
enter the race for the Mayoralty on the Citizens'
ticket. A warm campaign resulted in his tri-
umphant election. During his term as Mayor, he
was appointed Professor of Law in Hamilton Col-
lege. In 1 88 7 he became a member of the Law

UNIVERSITIES JND THEIR SONS

Faculty of Cornell University, and in 1891 he was
called to a chair in the Columbia University School
of Law. In 1888 President Cleveland appointeil
him Inspector of the United States Mint, a position
which he held until the return to power of a Re-
publican administration. He was also one of the
staff engaged in the preparation of tlie last edition
of Johnson's Encyclopaedia having in charge the De-
partment of Law. He has published a volume of
Cases on Torts, a volume of Cases on Sales, a volume
of Cases on Partnership, as well as a treatise on The
Law of Sales and one on The Law of Partner-

FRANCIS M. BUKUICK.

ship. He furnished the articles on legal topics in
Chandlers Encyclopaedia. Mr. Burdick married, June
8, 1875, Sarah Underbill Kellogg. They have four
children, three girls and a boy. He is a member
of two of the Greek letter fraternities, Delta l^psilon
and Phi Beta Kappa, and of the Patria, Barnard
and Century Clubs.

GERMANN, George B., 1872-

Born in Brooklyn, N. Y., 1872; received his early
education in the Brooklyn Public Schools, Brooklyn
High School, and State Normal School, New Paltz,
N.Y. ; took the course in liberal arts at Columbia,
graduating (A.B.,) 1895; also attended School of Peda-
gogy of New York University, taking the degree of
Pd.M. in 1894; Assistant in Mathematics at Columbia,

1895-1898; University Fellow in Education, Columbia,
1898-1899, being granted the degree of Ph D. in 1899:
Assistant in Philosophy and Education, Columbia,
1899-

GEORGE B. GERM.-^NN, Ph.D., Assistant at
Columbia, is of German descent, his parents,
Charles P. Germann and Susan Strembel, with their
ancestors for three generations, having been natives
of Rhenish Bavaria. His parental ancestry furnishes
schoolmasters for the last five generations. His
parents came to .\merica and settled in Brooklyn,
New York, where George B. Germann was born
February 27, 1872. He attended the Brooklyn
public schools in childhood, and later the Brooklyn
High School. Graduating from there in 1888, he
entered the State Normal School at New Paltz,
New York, to fit himself professionally for teaching,
liuring the two years following the completion of
the Normal course, he taught in the Brooklyn (New
York) ])ublic schools. In the fall of 1891 he
entered Columbia, graduating in 1895 with the de-
gree of Bachelor of Arts. He also studied in the
School of Pedagogy of New York LIniversity during
1 892-1 894, receiving the degree of Master of Peda-
gogy from that institution in 1894. Immediately
after the completion of his College course, Mr.
Germann was appointed Assistant in Mathematics
at Columbia, and held that position until 1898.
During the following year he served as Univer-
sity Fellow in Education at Columbia, and was
granted the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in 1899.
At the ]iresent tiine Mr. Germann holds the posi-
tion of Assistant in Philosophy and Education at
Columbia. He is a member of the American
Mathematical Society, the National Educational As-
sociation, the Columbia College Alumni Association
and two of the Greek letter fraternities. Phi Delta
Theta and Phi Beta Kappa.

GOTTHEIL, Richard James Horatio, 1862-

Born in Manchester, England, 1862; educated at the
Chorlton High School, Dr. Adams' School in Man-
chester, and the Columbia Grammar School of New
York ; graduate of Columbia, 1881 ; also studied in the
preparatory school of Hebrew Union College; studied
abroad at the Universities of Berlin, Tubingen and
Leipzig, Ph.D., (summa cum laude,) Leipzig, 1886;
Honorary Lecturer on Syriac Languages and Litera-
tures at Columbia, 1886; Professor of Rabbinical Lit-
erature and Lecturer on Semitic Languages, i8gi.

RICHARD JAMES HORATIO GOTTHEIL.
Ph.D., Professor of Rabbinical Literature
and the Semitic Languages at Columbia, was born

UNIFERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

S^S

in Manchester, England, October 13. 1862. His
father, tiie Rev. Gustav Clottheil of tlie Temple
Emanu-El, New York City, is one of the best-
known Jewish ministers and scliolars in the United
States. He received his early education in Man-
chester at the Chorlton High School and Dr. Adams'
School, and after a preparatory course at the Co-
lumbia Grammar School in New York City — his
family having meanwhile come to America — he
entered Columbia, graduating in 1881, and also
studied for a time in the preparatory school of the
Hebrew Union College. Soon after this he went
to Germany and spent some years in study at the
Universities of Berlin, Tubingen and Leipzig, taking
the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, siniima cum
laiuie, from the latter institution in 1886. He re-
turned to .America in the same year, was made
Honorary Lecturer on the Syriac Language and
Literature at Columbia, and in 1887 was appointed
to the Professorship of Rabbinical Literature and
made Lecturer on the Syriac Language and Literature.
He held this latter position until 1891, when he
was given the Professorship of Rabbinical Literature
and the Semitic Languages, which he has since
retained. He married, September r5, 1891, Emma
Rosenzweig. Professor Gottheil is connected with
numerous scientific and other societies, and is an
officer of many. He is a Director of the American
Oriental Society, Treasurer of the American Jew-
ish Historical Society, President of the American
Federation of Zion Societies, President of the
Jewish Religious School Union of New York, Vice-
President of The Judaeans ; one of the advisory
board of the World's great Orators now being
published in St. Louis ; and one of the editors of
the Jewish Encycloptedia to be published by the
Funk & Wagnalls Company, New York, and a
member of the Deutsche Morgenlandische Gesell-
schaft Halle, the Deutsch Palestine Verein, the
I'jiglish Jewish Historical Society, Society of Biblical
Literature and Exegesis, SociiJttJ des Etudes Juives
of Paris and others. He is an active supporter of
the Zionist movement which is at present agitating
the Jewish people throughout the worlil. He is
at the head of the Oriental Department in the New
York Public Library ; and one of the three editors
of Helpful Thoughts, a Jewish Sunday School paper.
He has written numerous articles on subjects con-
nected with Semitic philology and literature in the
Zeitschrift der Deutsch. Morgenlandis. Gesellschaft,
Journal of the American Oriental Society, Zeitschrift
fiir Assyriologie, Jewish Quarterly Review, etc.

NOBLE, Herbert, 1867-

Born in Federalsburgh. Md., 1867; fitted for College
privately; A.B., St. John's College, Annapolis, 1889;
LL B., Columbia Law School, 1893 ; A.M , Columbia,
1894; studied at the Summer Law School of the Uni-
versity of Virginia during iSgi ; has been engaged in
the practice of law in New York City, since 1893; Lec-
turer, Columbia Law School, 1895-99.

HERBERl" NOBLE, A.M., Lecturer at Co-
lumbia, was born in Federalsburgh, Dor-
chester county, Maryland, March 7, 1867. His
father. Dr. William Davis Noble, was a well-known
physician of Dorchester county. The family settled

HERBERT NOBLE

in Maryland in 1680. His mother's maiden name
was Houston. Her ancestors settled in what is now
part of Sussex county, Delaware, in 1708. Herbert
Noble received his early education in public and
private schools in and near his native town, and
afterwards attended St. John's College at Annapolis,
graduating with the degree of liachelor of Arts in
1889. He came to New York in 1890 and entered
the Law School of Columbia. During the summer
of 1 89 1 he attended the Summer Law School of the
University of Virginia. He graduated from Columbia
with the degree of Bachelor of Laws in 1893 and in
the following year received the degree of ^L^ster of
Arts from the University. He engaged upon active
work in his profession immediately upon his gradu-

5i6

UNIFERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

ation, and began the practice of law on his own
account in New York City in January 1S95. In
that year he was appointed Lecturer on Suretyship,
Code Pleading and Practice in Columbia Law
School. In 1896 he was Lecturer on Carriers and
Code Pleading and Practice, and since 1896 has
been Lecturer on Carriers, Domestic Relations and
Law of Persons, and Insurance. In 1895 Mr. Noble
was elected to a three-year term as President of the
New York City Society of St. John's College Alumni.
He is also a member of the Association of the Bar
of the City of New Y'ork, and the Lawyers' Club.
He married, December 5, 1895, Elsie Randolph
Patteson. They have no children. Mr. Noble is a
firm adherent to the principles of the Democratic
party, though he takes no active part in political life.

PAGE, Curtis Hidden, 1870-

Born in Greenwood, Mo., 1870; fitted for College at
Phillips-Exeter Academy, graduating in 1887; gradu-
ate of Harvard, 1890; remained one year in the
Graduate School, taking the degree of A.M. in
1891 ; at the Graduate School of Harvard during
1892-94, taking the degree of Ph.D. in the latter year;
Instructor in French, Western Reserve University,
1891-92; Lecturer on English Literature, University
Extension Society, 1891-92; Instructor in French, Har-
vard, 1893-94; Lecturer on the Romance Languages
and Literatures, Columbia, 1895-96 ; Tutor since 1896.

CURTIS HIDDEN PAGE, Ph.D., Tutor at
Columbia, was born in Greenwood, Mis-
souri, April 4, 1S70. His parents were Benjamin
Greely Page and Martha Frances Hidden, the Page
family going back in a direct line to one of the first
settlers of Boston under Winthrop in 1630, and the
mother's family being also an old New England one.
He spent his boyhood at school in Millis, Massachu-
setts, then at various country schools in New Hamp-
shire, at Chester Academy and at Pinkerton Academy,
Derry, and fitted for College at the Phillips Academy
at Exeter, graduating in 18S7. He entered Harvard
in tlie fall of that year and graduated in 1S90, but
remained one year in the Graduate School, taking
the degree of Master of Arts in 1891. He spent
that summer in Europe, and after teaching for a
year in Western Reserve University at Cleveland,
Ohio, returned to the Graduate School in Septem-
ber 1892, and took the degree of Doctor of Phil-
osophy in 1894, with Germanic Languages and
Literatures as his field and English as his special
subject. He was Instructor in French at Harvard
during the latter year of this period. He passed

the year 1 894-1 S95 in Paris, Southern France and
Italy, and in 1895 returned to the L'nited States to
take the position of Lecturer on the Romance Lan-
guages and Literatures at Columbia. In the follow-
ing year he was promoted to Tutor, which position
he has since held. For the last two or three years
he has been a frequent contributor of verse, essays,
and stories to the leading magazines, especially the
Bookman, Harper's Magazine and The Century.

CURTIS HIDDEN PAGE

He has received leave of absence from Columbia
for the year 1 899-1 900, to be devoted to writing and
to travel and study in Italy. He is unmarried.

TUCKER, Ervin Alden, 1862-

Born in Attleboro, Mass., 1862; fitted for College at
Mowry & Goff's Classical School at Providence, R.I.;
B.S., Amherst. 1885; A.M., Amherst, 1888: MD, Col-
lege of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia, 1889;
on the House Staff of Nursery and Child's Hospital,
i88g; one year in German and French hospitals, 1890;
on House Staff of Sloane Maternity Hospital, 1890 95 ;
Assistant Visiting Physician there since 1895; Attend-
ing Obstetrician to the Maternity Hospital of New York
City, 1895-99; Instructor in Practical Obstetrics, Col-
lege of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia, 1890-95;
Tutor in Obstetrics and Gynecology since 1895.

ERVIN ALDEN TUCKER, M.D., Tutor in
Columbia, was born in Attleboro, Massa-
chusetts, February 2, 1862. His father, Almon H.

VmvEksiriES and i'heir soNs

517

Tucker, was descended from Willielmus Tucker of
Thornley in the County of Devon, Enghnd, 1079.
The first representative of the family in this country
was Robert Tucker, who settled in WVymouth,
Massachusetts, in 1635. He received his early
education at the public schools of Attleboro, and
after a preparatory course at Mowry & Goff's class-
ical school in Providence, Rhode Island, entered
Amherst taking the degree of Bachelor of Sciences
in the scientific course in 18S5. In 1888 the Col-
lege conferred upon him the degree of Master of
Arts. On leaving Amherst he came to New York
and took up the study of medicine at the College of
Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia, graduating in
1889. After a service as Assistant Resident Piiysi-
cian in the Nursery and Child's Hospital of New
York he went abroad in 1S90, and spent that year
in hospital service in France and Germany. Un
his return to America in the latter part of 1S90
Dr. Tucker was appointed Resident Physician at
the Sloane Maternity Hospital, holding this position
until 1S95, when he resigned it owing to the de-
mands of his private practice. Since 1895 he has
been Assistant Visiting Physician to the Hospital
and has also been Attending Obstetrician to the
Maternity Hospital of the Department of Public
Charities of New York City. Dr. Tucker's connec-
tion with the Medical Department of Columbia as
an educator dates from 1S90, when he was appointed
Instructor in Practical Obstetrics at the College of
Physicians and Surgeons. He was promoted to the
post of Tutor in Obstetrics and Gynecology in
1895, and has since retained that position. He
married in 1893 George Anna Crispell. Dr. Tucker
is a member of a number of professional and scien-
tific societies, among them the New York Academy
of Medicine, New York Obstetrical Society, New
York County Medical Association, Medical Society
of the County of New York and the ^Vest End
Medical Society, and of the New York Athletic
Club and others among social organizations.

PARKER, Herschel Clifford, 1867-

Born in Brooklyn, N. Y., 1867; Ph.B , School of
Mines of Columbia, i8go; University Fellow in Physics
at Columbia, 1890-91; Assistant, 1891-93; Tutor since
1893-

HERSCHEL CLIFFORD PARKER, Ph.B.,
Tutor in Physics at Columbia, was born in
Brooklyn, New York, July 9, 1867. His parents
were Herschel Parker and Hannah Walker Parker,

and he is a grandson twice removed of Colonel
Timothy ^Valker of Concord, New Hampshire (Har-
vard 1756), son of the Rev. Timothy Walker,
(Harvard 1725), who was a member of the first
Provincial Congress and served in the Continental
Congress, 1 778-1 782. One of Herschel C. Parker's
paternal ancestors was a minute man at Lexington.
He prepared for College at the Brooklyn Polytech-
nic Institute. On leaving there he entered the
School of Mines of Columbia, taking the degree
of Bachelor of Philosophy in the Class of 1890.
He was appointed University Fellow in Physics on

HERSCHEL C. PARKER

his graduation, and on the expiration of his fellow-
ship in 1 89 1 was made Assistant. He was promoted
to Tutor in 1893, and has since held that position.
He is unmarried. Mr. Parker has published a num-
ber of scientific articles, and is also the author of A
Systematic Treatise on Electrical Measurements, a
standard work. He has been an active mountain-
eer and has climbed many notable peaks, among
them Mont Blanc, the Matterhorn, Sierra Blanca,
Mount Shasta, Mount Rainier, and made the first
ascent of Mount Lefroy ; and besides this has done
considerable other mountain exploration in the
Canadian Rockies. He is a member of the Ameri-
can Institute of Electrical Engineers, the Appalachian
Mountain Club, the New York Academy of Sciences,

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

the American Association for the Advancement of
Science, and the Crescent Athletic Club of Brook-
lyn. He is not actively interested in political
questions.

TERRY, Charles Thaddeus, 1867-

Born in Albany, N. Y., 1867 ; prepared for College at
the Albany High School; graduated from Williams in
1889 ; spent the winter semester, 1889-90, in study at
the School of Philosophy of the University of Berlin,
Germany ; entered Columbia Law School 1890, grad-
uating in 1893; admitted to the New York Bar in the
same year; Prize Lecturer Columbia Law School,
1893-94, snii Lecturer 1894-95 and 1897-99; has prac-
tised his profession in New York since 1893.

CHARLES THADDEUS TERRY, A.B., LL,B.,
Lecturer on Law at Colutnbia, was born in
Albany, New York, September 16, 1S67. His

CHAS. THADDEUS TERRY

father, Griffith Pritchard Terry, was the son of a
distinguished English sea-captain, and his mother,
Eleanor Lasher, was a member of an old Dutch
family, her mother's name being Joral Emon. The
early education of Charles Thaddeus Terry was
received in the public schools of his native town,
and in private schools in the vicinity, after which
he became a student at the Albany High School to
prepare for College. He entered Williams College
in 1886, graduating valedictorian of the Class of

18S9. He was awarded thirteen prizes by
the College, during his four years' course. Follow-
ing his graduation he went abroad, and spent the
winter semester of 1889-90 in the study of philosophy
at the School of Philosophy of the University of
Berlin, Germany. On his return to America he
took up the study of law at the Columbia Law
School, graduated in 1893, and was admitted to the
New York Bar in the same year. He has since
been engaged in the active practice of his profession
in New York. He was Prize Lecturer in Columbia
Law School during the year following his gradua-
tion, and was also Lecturer there on Procedure in
Equity and under the Code, during 1 894-1 895 and
on the law of Contracts during 189 7-1 899. Mr.
Terry belongs to three of the Greek letter fraterni-
ties— the Phi Beta Kappa Society, Phi Delta Theta
Society and Phi Delta Phi Society. He is also a
member of the Montauk Club of Brooklyn, the Bar
Association of the City of New York, the New York
Law Institute, and the LTniversity Club of New York
City. In 1898 he married Katharine Lansing
Hendrick of Albany, New York.

WEIR, Robert Fulton, 1838-

Born in New York City, 1838; A.B., College of the
City of New York, 1854; A.M., same institution, 1857;
M D., College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia,
1859; House Surgeon and Physician, New York Hos-
pital, 1859-61 ; Assistant Surgeon, United States Army,
1861-65; Surgeon, St. Luke's Hospital, 1865-75; Sur-
geon, Eye and Ear Infirmary, 1867-77 ; Surgeon New
York Hospital since 1876; Surgeon, Bellevue Hospital,
1882-84; Consulting Surgeon, Roosevelt, French, Can-
cer, Skin and Cancer, Infirmary for Women and other
hospitals ; Professor of Surgery, College of Physicians
and Surgeons of Columbia since 1892.

ROBERT FULTON WEIR, M.D., Professor of
Surgery at Columbia, born in New York
City, February 16, 1838, is of Scotch-English an-
cestry, his father, James Weir, having been of Scotch
descent, while his mother, Mary Anne Shapter, came
of an English family. He attended in youth the
public schools of New York City, and later the Col-
lege of the City of New York, taking the degree of
Bachelor of Arts at the latter institution in 1854, and
that of Master of .Arts in 1S57. Deciding upon the
medical profession as his work in life, he entered
the College of Physicians and Surgeons, now the
Medical Department of Columbia, graduating in
1859. During the following two years he was
House Surgeon and Physician at the New York Hos-

UNIVERSI^riES AND THEIR SONS

519

pital. On the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861,
Dr. Weir resigned his hospital position, and entered
the service of the United States as Assistant Surgeon
in the United States Army. He served through the
rebellion, rendering distinguislicd service, and at the
close of the war in 1865 returned to New York as
Surgeon at St. Luke's Hospital, a post which he held
for ten years. Two years later he was made Surgeon
in the New York Eye and Ear Infirmary and at the
Roosevelt Hospital, also holding these appointments
for ten years. He has been Surgeon of the New
York Hospital since 1876 and for two years during
1882-1884 was also a Surgeon at Bellevue. He has
also been connected with the French, Cancer, and
Skin and Cancer Hospitals, the New York Infirmary
for Women, and various other medical institutions as
Consulting Surgeon. In 1892 Dr. Weir was called
to the Faculty of Columbia as Professor of Surgery
at the College of Physicians and Surgeons. Dr.
Weir has been actively engaged in professional work
ever since his graduation from College, except for
his four-years service in the army. He has been
twice married : to Maria Washington McPherson,
October 8, 1863, who died in 1890 leaving one
daughter, Alice Washington Weir ; and November
9, 1895, to Mary Badgley Alden. He is a member
of the Century and University Clubs of New York
City, and is by conviction a Republican in politics,
though distinctly opposed to " bossism " and by no
means a blind follower of party.

WOOLSON, Ira Harvey, 1856-

Born in Niagara county, N. Y, 1856; fitted for Col-
lege in the Union School of Lockport, N. Y. ; taught
school for five years ; and graduated at the School of
Mines of Columbia, (M.E.) 1885; engaged as Assistant
on the Geological Survey of New Jersey during sum-
mer vacations for three years; Assistant in Assay De-
partment of Columbia, 1886; Instructor in Drawing,
Department of Engineering, 1888-92: Instructor in
Mechanical Engineering and Director of Testing Lab-
oratory since 1892.

IRA HARVEY WOOLSON, E.M., Instructor in
Mechanical Engineering at Columbia, was born
in 1856, and comes of old Colonial stock, being
seventh in direct descent from Thomas Woolson who
came from England and settled in Cambridge,
Massachusetts before 1660. His father, Charles
Woolson, died when Ira Harvey was very young,
and his mother Jane A. Yerington Woolson, was un-
able to give him extensive opportunities during his
early years. He attended the local schools of Niag-

ara county, New York, but it was not until he was
old enough to earn money for himself that his educa-
tion really began. That he has risen to the position
which he now holds is a notable example of the op-
portunities which earnest and determined effort open
to our American youth. Mr. Woolson taught in the
common schools of New York State for five years,
and by this means worked his way through the Union
School of Lockport, New York, and prepared for
College. He entered the School of Mines of Colum-
bia in the Fall of 1S81, and graduated as a Mining
Engineer in 1885. In the following year he was

IRA H. WOOLSON

made Assistant in the Assay Department of Columbia
School of Mines, and one year later was made In-
structor in Drawing and Assistant in Practical Min-
ing in the Department of Engineering. After
holding this latter post for six years he was in 1892
made Instructor in Mechanical Engineering and
Director of the Testing Laboratory at the University,
a position which he has since held. He was also
engaged during the summer vacations for three years
on the work of the New Jersey Geological Survey.
He married May 27, 1893, Anita Mason. They
have no children. Mr. Woolson is a Republican in
politics, but is not a blind follower of the " machine "
through good and evil courses. He is a member of
the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

:2o

UNIVERSITIES JND THEIR SONS

BOUTWELL, George Sewall, 1818-

Born in Brookline, Mass., 1818 ; largely self-educated ;
admitted to the Bar; was seven times elected to the
Legislature on the Democratic ticket ; Governor of
Massachusetts, 1851-52 ; one of the organizers of the
Republican party in that Commonwealth and member
of the Chicago Convention that nominated Abraham
Lincoln; first Commissioner of Internal Revenue;
Representative to Congress four terms ; Secretary of
the Treasury in President Grant's Cabinet: chosen
United States Senator in 1873 ; practised law in \A^ash-
ington for some time ; Overseer of Harvard for eight
years and is now engaged in the practice of his
profession.

GEORGE SEWALL BOUTWELL, LL.D.,
Overseer of Harvard, was born in
Brookline, January 28, 1S18. He is the son of
Sewall Boutwell, descendant of James Boutwell,
of Lynn (1638) and Rebecca ALirshall, de-
scendant of John Marshall of the ship Hopewell
which arrived in Boston, 1634. At the age of
seventeen he became clerk in a country store in
Groton, Massachusetts, and being admitted to part-
nership at a later date, he continued in business until
1855. When eighteen years old he applied himself
assiduously to a course of reading for the purpose of
making up for his lack of College training, and he
also acquired by his own personal exertions a knowl-
edge of law sufficient to gain admission to the Bar.
His political career was begun in 1840, when he
actively supported the candidacy of Martin Van
Buren, and between 1842 and 185 i he occupied a
seat in the Massachusetts Legislature as a Democrat.
By a fusion of Democratic and Free Soil parties he
was elected Governor in 185 1 and re-elected in
1852. For the years 1849 and 1S50 he was State
Bank Commissioner, and in 1853 was a delegate to
the State Constitutional Convention. The repeal of
the Missouri Compromise caused him to transfer his
support to the newly born Republican party, which
he assisted in organizing in his ow-n State, and in
i860 he attended as a delegate the Republican
National Convention which produced the great War
President, Abraham Lincoln, who subsequently in-
vited him to organize the Internal Revenue Depart-
ment, of which he became the first Commissioner.
He was a member of the Peace Conference held at
Washington in January 1861 ; was elected to Con-
gress in 1S62 ; serving in that capacity four terms ;
and took a conspicuous part in the impeachment
proceedings against President Johnson. In March
1S69, he entered President Grant's Cabinet as Sec-
retary of the Treasury, holding office until March
1873, when he resigned in order to succeed the

Hon. Henry Wilson in the United States Senate,
and at the expiration of his term in that body he
engaged in the practice of law at Washington. Mr.
Boutwell was for eight years, 1853 to 1861, Over-
seer of Harvard ; held the Secretaryship of the
Massachusetts State Board of Education for five
years. He revised the Public Statutes under ap-
liointment by President Hayes in 1877. His writ-
ings wliich embrace valuable works on educational
and political subjects are : Educational Topics and
Institutions ; A Manual of the United States Direct
and Revenue Tax and Decisions on the 'lax Laws ;

GEORGE S. BOUTWELL

Taxpayer's Manual ; a volume of Speeches and
Papers : and Why .\m I a Republican ; and a treat-
ise on the Constitution of the United States. Mr.
Boutwell is a fellow of the .\merican .\cademy. Al-
though he retired from active participation in pub-
lic affairs some years ago, he still retains a lively
interest in current topics, and his frequent contribu-
tions to the press are written with his old-time vigor.
He took a leading part in opposition to the so-called
" Imperialist " policy of President McKinley's ad-
ministration, with reference to the acquisition of the
Philippine Islands, in 1899, his public addresses on
the constitutional and economic questions involved
being the most learned and forcible produced in
tliat discussion. Mr. Boutwell married, July 8,

UNIFERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

521

1841, Sarah Adelia Thayc-r, of which union there
are two children.

CAMPBELL, Donald Frank, 1867-

Born in Nova Scotia, 1867; graduated at Dalhousie
College, Halifax and at Harvard (1894); has been Prin-
cipal Port Hawkesbury High School, N, S., and Parrs-
boro High School, N. S. ; Instructor of Mathematics
at Harvard.

DON.\LD FR.\NK CAMPBEl.l,, I'h.l)., In-
structor of Mathematics at Harvard, is the
son of C.eorge and Ellen Esther (fiunn) Campbell,

D. F. CAMPBELL

and was born in Nova Scotia, April 26, 1867. He
comes of Highland Scotch ancestry. After prepar-
ing for College at Pictou .Xcademy, Nova Scotia, he
went to Halitax, to attend Dalhousie College, where
he received the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1S90.
Three years later he entered the Senior Class of
Harvard and in 1894 graduated at that College.
In 1895 he received the degree of Master of Arts
and in 1898 the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at
Harvard. During the year 1 890-1 891 he has
served as Principal of Port Hawkesbury High
School, Nova Scotia, and the next two years has
been Principal of the Parrsboro High School. Tn
1897 he was appointed Instructor of Mathematics at
Harvard.

DANFORTH, Thomas, 1742-1820.

Born in Massachusetts, about 1742 ; graduated at
Harvard in 1762, studied law and practised in Charles-
town ; Tutor at Harvard, 1765-1768; Fellow of Har-
vard, 1767-1768; died in London, Eng., 1820.

THOMAS DANFORTH, A.M., Fellow of
Harvard and Tutor in the College, was
born in Massachusetts about 1742 (according to
one authority, although Paige's History of Cam-
bridge gives the date of his birth as August 21,
1744). He was the son of Hon. Samuel Danforth
(Harvard 1 715), grandson of Rev. John Danforth
(Harvard 1677) and brother of Dr. Samuel Dan-
forth (Harvard 1758), President of the Massa-
chusetts Medical Society in 1 795-1 798. He was
graduated at Harvard in 1762, was a Tutor there
from 1766 to 1768, and in 1 767-1 768 was a F'ellow
of the Corporation. After studying law he estab-
lished himself as a counsellor in Charlestown, where
he was the only resident lawyer. Subsequently he
gained notoriety as the only inhabitant of Charles-
town that appealed to the mother country for pro-
tection at the beginning of the Revolution. He
was proscribed and banished in 1776, and fled to
Halifax. Later he took up his residence in Eng-
land, where he died in London, March 6, 1820.

GUSHING, Caleb, 1800-1879.

Born in Salisbury, Mass., 1800; graduated Harvard,
1817 ; Law School, 1820 ; member Massachusetts House
of Representatives, 1825 and subsequently ; State Sen-
ator, 1826; Congress, 1834-43; Colonel and Brigadier-
General in the Mexican War; Special Commissioner
to China, 1843 ; U. S, Attorney-General, 1853-57 ; Coun-
sel at the Geneva Arbitration, 1872; United States
Minister to Spain, 1874-77; LL.D. Harvard, 1852;
Overseer, 1852-56; died, 1879.

CALEB CUSHING, LLD., Overseer of Har-
vard, was born in Salisbury, Massachusetts,
January 17, 1800, the son of Captain John N. and
Lydia (Dow) Cushing. He was graduated at Har-
vard in the Class of 181 7, and from the Law School
of that University in 1820, settling in Newburyport,
Massachusetts, where he practised his profession
and also gave attention to politics and literature.
In 1825 he was elected a member of the State
House of Representatives, a position to which he
was frequently returned in the intervals of other
public service. He was elected a member of the
State Senate in 1826, and a Representative in Con-
gress in 1834, sen-ing four terms in this capacity.
Mr. Cushing held very pronounced political views

522

UNIVERSITIES JND THEIR SONS

and in consequence aroused vigorous antagonisms.
To this circumstance may be attributed the refusal
of the Senate to confirm his nomination by President
Tyler as Secretary of the Treasury, and thirty years
later, his appointment as Chief-Justice of the United
States by President Clrant. In 1843 however, he
was sent as Special Commissioner to China, and
negotiated the first treaty between tliat country and
the United States. In the IMexican War he sided
actively with the Government, raising a regiment at
his own expense and serving with it as Colonel.
He was subsequently made Brigadier-General.

from the Law School, was Overseer from 1852 to
1856, and received the degree of Doctor of Laws
from that LTniversity in 1852. He died in New-
buryport, January 2, 1879.

CALEB GUSHING

Being appointed Associate Justice of the Supreme
Court of Massachusetts in 1853, he held the seat
only a few months, resigning to take the Portfolio
of Attorney-General in the Cabinet of President
Pierce, which he held throughout that administra-
tion. He rendered unofficially great service to the
Government as adviser at Washington during the
Civil War, and later was engaged in the codification
of the laws of Congress, as Special Commissioner
to Bogota, and as counsel for the LTnited States at
the Geneva Conference on the Alabama claims.
President Grant appointed him United States Min-
ister to Spain in 1874, where he resided in that
capacity until 1877. Mr. Gushing was Tutor in
Harvard for two years following his graduation

ELIOT, Charles William, 1834-

Born in Boston, Mass., 1834 ; fitted for College in the
Boston Latin School; graduated Harvard (1853) ; ap-
pointed Tutor in Mathematics at Harvard ; promoted
to Assistant Professor of Mathematics and Chemistry;
placed in charge of the Chemical Department in the
Lawrence Scientific School; spent several years of
study abroad; appointed Professor of Analytical
Chemistry in the Massachusetts Institute of Tech-
nology; member of the Board of Overseers of
Harvard; elected in May i86g, and installed in the
following October, President of Harvard University,
succeeding President Thomas Hill.

CHARLES WILLIAM ELIOT, LL.D., Presi-
dent of Harvard, is the son of Samuel Atkins
and Mary (Lyman) Eliot and was born in Boston,
Massachusetts, March 20, 1S34. His father, a prom-
inent merchant, was Mayor of Boston, 1837 to 1840,
a member of the Legislature, a Representative in
Congress, and Treasurer »f Harvard from 1842 to
1853. On the maternal side President Eliot is
descended from the Lymans of Northampton, Massa-
chusetts, in which place was born his great-grand-
father, Isaac Lyman, who was minister at York,
Maine, for sixty years. Charles W. Eliot fitted for
College at the Boston Latin School, and graduated
at Harvard in the Class of 1853. Manifesting
especial proficiency in mathematics and chemistry,
he was appointed Tutor in ALathematics in the
College year following graduation, and meanwhile
continued his study of chemistry under Professor
Josiah P. Cooke. In 1S5S, he was advanced to
the position of .Assistant Professor of Mathematics
and Chemistry, and three years later was placed in
charge of the Chemical Department of the Lawrence
Scientific School. In 1863, his appointment at the
Scientific School expiring by limitation, he went
abroad, and spent the next two years in the study
of advanced chemistry, and also in close investi-
gation of the systems of public instruction in Eng-
land and on the Continent. While in Vienna in
1S65, he was appointed Professor of Analytical
Chemistry in the Massachusetts Institute of Tech-
nology, which was then being organized in Boston
under the charge of Professor William B. Rogers.
This position he held for two or three years.
In :S67-i868, he was again in Europe, studying

VNIVERSmES AND rHElR SONS

523

chiefly in France. At Commencement in 1868, he
was elected by the Alumni a member of the Board
of Overseers of Harvard ; and the following year
was chosen to the Presidency of the University
to succeetl Thomas Hill who had resigned in the
autumn of 1S68. Mr. Eliot's election occurred on
May 19, 1S69, and he was formally installed in
office in the following C)ctober. Under his
administration the University has made great
strides, broadened its scope, advanced its stand-
ards of admission and of graduation, and has been
brought within reasonable distance of the great

CHARLES W. ELIOT

Universities of Europe. Many radical changes in
methods have been effected, the most notable being
the supplanting of the old prescribed curriculum by
the elective system, and the creation of the Gradu-
ate School of Arts and Sciences. The number of
students has nearly trebled, and the number of Pro-
fessors and Instructors doubled. The increase in
wealth has been especially marked, the gross income
apart from gifts and bequests having risen in the
thirty years of President Eliot's administration from
^325,000 to upwards of Ji, 000,000. President
Eliot has delivered a number of formal addresses,
and has been a frequent speaker at educational
meetings and conventions. He delivered the
address at the first Commencement of Smith

College, in 1S79, antl before the Phi Beta Kappa
at Cambridge in 188S. He spoke at the inaugu-
ration of President Oilman at Johns Hopkins Uni-
versity in 1876, at the ojjening of the American
Museum of Natural History at New York in 1877,
and at the Centennial Celebration of Washington's
Inauguration in 1889. In conjunction with Pro-
fessor Frank H. Storer he has published two text-
books, a Manual of Inorganic Chemistry and a
Manual of Qualitative Chemical Analysis, besides
several chemical memoirs. In addition to his
annual reports as President of Harvard he has also
published numerous essays and speeches on educa-
tional topics which are in themselves most impor-
tant contributions to educational literature. Mr.
Eliot received the degree of Doctor of Laws from
Williams and from Princeton in 1869, and from
Yale in 1870. He is a fellow of the American
Academy of Arts and Sciences, also of the Amer-
ican Philosophical Society, and a member of the
Massachusetts Historical Society. He was first
married October 27, 1858, to Ellen Derby, daugh-
ter of Ephraim and Mary Jane (Derby) Peabody
of Boston, by which union were four children, one
of whom survives, Samuel Atkins Eliot. His second
marriage was October 30, 1877, to Grace Mellen,
daughter of Thomas and Corinna Aldrich (Prentiss)
Hopkinson of Cambridge.

HALL, Granville Stanley, 1846-

Born in Ashfield, Mass., 1846; early education, San-
derson Academy, Ashfield, and Williston Seminary,
Easthampton ; graduated Williams College, 1867 ; Pro-
fessor of Philosophy, Antioch College, O., 1872 ; Instruc-
tor in English, Harvard, 1876; Professor of Physiology
and Pedagogy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore,
1877-88; Lecturer at Harvard, 1880-83; President of
Clark University, Worcester, Mass., since 1888;
Ph.D. Harvard, 1878; LL.D. University of Michigan
1887, Williams, 1888.

GRANVILLE STANLEY HALL, Ph.D.,
LL.D., Instructor in Har\'ard, subsequently
President of Clark L^niversity, was born in .Ashfield,
Massachusetts, in 1846. He prepared for College
at the Sanderson Academy, in his native town, and
at the Williston Seminary, Easthampton, entering
Williams College at the age of seventeen and grad-
uating with the Class of 1867. After five years of
study abroad, he entered upon his life-work as an
educator, taking the Chair of Philosoiihy at Antioch
College, Ohio. In 1S76 he was called to Harvard
as Instructor in luiglish, which jiosition he left for

524

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

the Professorship of Psychology and Pedagogy at
Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, in 1S77.
During this period Professor Hall delivered lectures
at Harvard, 18S0-1883, and in Baltimore founded
the American Journal of Psychology (1887) of
which he is the Editor. In 1888 Professor Hall
resigned the Chair of Psychology at Johns Hopkins
to undertake the establishment of the institution
planned by James G. Clark in Worcester, Massa-
chusetts, called after the name of its founder, Clark
University. For this he prepared himself by a
year's study of educational systems abroad, return-
ing to open the new University in 1889. Under
the direction of President Hall, Clark University
has made rapid progress along lines of original re-
search. Professor Hall is a prolific writer, notably
in the fields of psychology and education. He re-
ceived the degree of Master of Arts from Williams
in 1870 ; Doctor of Philosophy from Harvard, 1878 ;
Doctor of Laws from the University of Michigan,
1887 ^'id Williams, 18S8. He is a fellow of the
American Academy.

GREEN, Samuel Abbott, 1830-

Born in Groton, Mass., 1830; educated at Groton
Academy (now Lawrence Academy) : at Harvard,
1851 ; at the Jefferson Medical School in Philadelphia:
the Harvard Medical School and in Paris, Berlin and
Vienna ; practised his profession in Boston ; served in
the War of the Rebellion as Assistant Surgeon of the
ist Mass. Volunteers; Surgeon 24th Mass. Volunteers ;
acting Staff Surgeon; breveted Lieutenant-Colonel for
" gallant and distinguished services in the field:" has
been member of the School Committee of Boston for
ten years at different dates; City Physician for ten
years and Mayor; has been fellow of the Massachu-
setts Medical Society; member of the Boston Society
for Medical Observation, of the Boston Society for
Medical Improvement, Vice-President and Librarian
of the Massachusetts Historical Society : member of
the American Philosophical Society: Trustee of the
Peabody Education Fund and Secretary of the Board ;
member of the American Antiquarian Society; mem-
ber of the State Board of Health, Lunacy and Charity ;
Superintendent of the Boston Dispensary; President
of the Channing Home; Overseer of Harvard; author
of numerous historical works.

SAMUEL ABBOTT GREEN, A.M., M.D.,
LL.D., Overseer of Harvard, is the son of
Joshua and Eliza (Lawrence) Green, and was born
in Groton, Massachusetts, March 16, 1830. His
father who graduated at Harvard in 1818, wasthe
son of Joshua Green (Han'ard 1784) and Mary
Mosley ; the grandson of Joshua Green (Harvard
1749) and Hannah Storer; the great-grandson of

Joseph Green and Anna Peirce ; and the great-
great-grandson of Rev. Joseph Green (Harvard
1695) and Elizabeth Gerrish. Rev. Joseph Green
was son of John Green and Ruth Mitchelson, and
this John Green was an only son of Percival and
Pollen Green. These last named early ancestors ot
Dr. Green sailed from London for New England in
1635 and were living in Cambridge in 1636. After
Samuel A. Green had passed through Groton Acad-
emy, now Lawrence Academy, he entered Harvard
in the Class of 1851. His study of medicine was
begun in Boston immediately after graduation

S.AMUEL A. GREEN

under the preceptorship of Dr. J. Mason Warren
and was continued by a course of lectures at Jeffer-
son Medical College in Philadelphia and at the
Medical School of Harvard, where he graduated in
1854. Further study in Paris, Berlin and Vienna
was followed in due course of time by the practice
of medicine in Boston. Dr. Green before the war
had been a Surgeon of the Second INLassachusetts
Militia and immediately on the breaking out of the
Rebellion he was commissioned as Assistant Surgeon
of the First Massachusetts Regiment, being the first
medical officer in the state to be mustered into the
three years' service. He was promoted to be
Surgeon of the Twenty-fourth Massachusetts Regi-
ment September 2, 1861 ; had charge of the hos-

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

5^5

pital ship Recruit in General r.urnside's expedition
to North Carohna, and later of the hospital steamer
Cosmopolitan on the coast of South Carolina ; was
Chief Medical Officer at Morris Island during the
siege of Fort Wagner in the summer of 1863 ; was
Post Surgeon at St. Augustine and at Jacksonville,
Florida ; was with the army at the capture of Ber-
muda Hundred in May 1S64; was acting Staff
Surgeon in Richmond after the surrender of the city
and in 1S64 was brevetted Lieutenant-Colonel for
"gallant and distinguished services in the field."
In February 1862, Dr. Green established a ceme-
tery on Roanoke Island, one of the first regular
burial places for Union Soldiers during the war.
In 1870 he was appointed by Governor Claflin a
member of the commission chosen to care for dis-
abled soldiers. From 1871 to 1SS2 Dr. Green was
City Physician of Boston ; in i860— 1862 and 1866—
1872 he was a member of the School Board; from
1 868 to 1878 he was Trustee of the Boston Public
Library, and during the last year of this period
served as acting Librarian. In 18S2 he was Mayor
of the City of Boston; in 1S85-1886 he was a
member of the State Board of Health, Lunacy and
Charity. Dr. Green has been an Overseer of Har-
vard from 1869 to 1880, and from 1SS2 to the
present time ; has been Trustee of the Peabody
Education Fund since 1883 and Secretary of tiie
Board, and from 1885 to 18S8 the acting general
agent. In 1878 he was a member of the Board of
E.xperts authorized by Congress to investigate the
causes and prevention of yellow fever. In 1896 the
degree of Doctor of Laws was conferred upon him
by the University of Nashville. Dr. Green is one of
the Vice-Presidents of the Massachusetts Historical
Society, also holding the office of Librarian since
1868; President of the Channing Home, a hospital
for consumptives ; a fellow of the Massachusetts
Medical Society, and a member of the Boston
Society for Medical Observation, of the Boston
Society for Medical Improvement, of the Amer-
ican Philosophical Society of Philadelphia, and of
the .American .Antiquarian Society. Other offices of
trust and honor have fallen to his charge including
membership on the Board of Trustees of Lawrence
Academy in his native town. His deep interest in
Groton has been shown in many ways, particularly
in the numerous historical essays and books he has
written bearing upon the history of the town. His
researches in all historical matters have been so
thorough and accurate as to establish his writings
permanently as authority for future historians.

LOVE, James Lee, 1860-

Born in Gaston county, N. C, 1S60: graduated at the
University of North Carolina; studied as graduate
student at Johns Hopkins and at Harvard ; has been
Instructor in English and Assistant Professor of Math-
ematics at the University of North Carolina, Instructor
in Mathematics at Harvard; member of numerous
literary and mathematical societies.

JAMES LEE LOVE, Ph.B., A.M., Instructor in
Mathematics at Harvard, was born in Gaston
county. North Carolina, December 30, 1860. His
father, Robert Calvin Grier Love, came of Scotch-
Irish ancestry. His mother, Susan Elizabeth Rhyne,

JAMES LEE LOVE

was of Dutch descent. Mr. Love was prepared for
College at the King's Mountain High School, and
graduated at the Lhiiversity of North Carolina in
1884 with the degree of Bachelor of Philosophy,
having won highest honors in inathematics, chemis-
try and for graduation oration, also the valedictory
oration for highest class rank. In addition to the
above course of education he has spent one year
(1884- 1 885) as graduate student in mathematics at
Johns Hopkins and one year (1889-1890) as grad-
uate student in mathematics (Morgan fellow) at
Harvard. In 1883-1884 he was undergraduate
Instructor in English at the LTniversity of North
Carolina, and at the same institution in 1885-1889
was .Assistant Professor in Mathemalics. Since 1890

526

UNIFERSiriES AND THEIR SONS

he has been Instructor in Mathematics at Harvard.
His main work at Harvard has been the develop-
ment of the courses in mathematics in the Law-
rence Scientific School, and in the Harvard Summer
School, where he has had immediate charge of all
the Mathematical instruction. Since 1890 he has
taught also one course each year in the " Harvard
Annex" and Radcliffe College. He has pub-
lished a syllabus of Plane Trigonometry and a text-
book on Differential and Integral Calculus for
students in Engineering. Mr. Love is a member of
the Mathematics and Physics Club of Boston, the
Harvard Engineering Society ; the American Math-
ematical Society ; and other organizations. He was
married, December 23, 1885, to Julia J. Spencer
and has two children : Cornelia Spencer, and James
Spencer Love.

McKENZIE, Alexander, 1830-

Born in New Bedford, Mass, 1830 ; graduated at
Harvard, 1859 ; Andover Theological Seminary, 1861 ;
Pastor of a church at Augusta, Maine, 1861-67; settled
over the First Church — Congregational — in Cam-
bridge, Mass., 1867 until the present time ; Trustee of
Andover Seminary, 1876; Lecturer there, 1882; Over-
seer of Harvard, 1872-84; Lecturer at the Divinity
School, 1882-83 ; Preacher to the University, 1886-89.

ALEX.\NDER McKENZIE, S.T.D., Overseer
of Harvard, was born in New Bedford,
IiLissachusetts, December 14, 1830, son of Daniel
and Phoebe Mayhew (Smith) McKenzie, natives
respectively of Nantucket and Martha's Vineyard.
He prepared for College at Phillips Academy, And-
over, Massachusetts, and entering Harvard, graduated
with the Class of 1859. After completing his theo-
logical course at Andover in 1861, he was ordained
to the ministry in Augusta, Maine, where he served
as Pastor of the South Church from 1861 to 1867.
Called to the Pastorate of the First Church in Cam-
bridge (Congregational), he began his labors with
that society in January 1867, and has occupied that
pulpit continuously ever since. Dr. McKenzie re-
ceived his Divinity degree from Amherst in 1879.
In 1876 he accepted a Trusteeship of Andover Semi-
nary, and was Lecturer there on New Testament
Theology in 1882. He joined the Harvard Board
of Overseers in 1872, and has been its Secretary
since 1875, was a Lecturer at the Harvard Divinity
School during the years 1882 and 1883, and Uni-
versity Preacher from 1886 to 1889. His interest
in the various institutions of Cambridge and Boston,
which includes membership in the Massachusetts

Historical Society, the New England Historic-
Genealogical Society and the Ministers' Club, has
been marked by an earnest desire to promote
their welfare and usefulness, and his later sermons
retain the same elegant construction, intellectual
force and eloquent delivery which have so long
characterized his pulpit efforts. His contributions
to literature consist of: Cambridge Sermons; His-
tory of the First Church, Cambridge ; The Door
Opened, — a volume of sermons ; The Divine Force
in the Life of the World, — a course of lectures
before the Lowell Institute in 1898, Many other

ALEXANDER McKENZIE

sermons and addresses have been published in
books and pamphlets. Dr. McKenzie is a Trustee
of Phillips Academy, Andover, President of the Trus-
tees of Wellesley College, of the Boston Port Society,
and of the Boston Seaman's Friend Society. In
1865 he married Ellen Holman Eveleth, of which
union there are two children, Kenneth and Margaret
McKenzie.

MARK, Edward Laurens, 1847-

Born in Hamlet, N. Y., 1847; educated at the Uni-
versity of Michigan ; studied at the University of Leip-
zig and at Jena, and at the Austrian Zoological Station
in Trieste : Instructor in Zoology at Harvard; Assis-
tant Professor of Zoology; Hersey Professor of An-
atomy ; has been Vice-President and President of the

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

S^7

American Morphological Society; member of the Bos-
ton Society of Natural History, American Academy of
Arts and Sciences and other organizations.

EDWARD LAURENS MARK, Ph.D., Professor
of Anatomy at Harvard, was born in Ham-
let, ChautaiKiua county, New York, May 30, 1847.
His fatlier, Charles Le Roy Mark, was the son
of James and Lucy (Woodcock) ^Lark, while his
mother, Julia (Peirce) ALark, was the daughter of
Austin antl Mary Ann (Sterling) Peirce. Mr. Mark
passed through the common schools of his town
and the Fredonia (New York) Academy, and then

E. L. MARK

entered the L'niversity of Michigan, where he re-
ceived the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 187 1.
Besides the above course of education he spent two
years in the study of zoology at the University of
Leipzig under Rudolf Leuckart. At that University
he received in 1876 the degree of Doctor of Phil-
osophy. The study of zoology was then continued
at Jena under Ernst Haeckel and at the Austrian
Zoological Station at Trieste. In 1877 Mr. Mark
was appointed Instructor in Zoology at Harvard.
Six years later he was promoted to Assistant Pro-
fessor in Zoology and in 1885 was made Hersey
Professor of Anatomy. He was Vice-President of
the American Morphological Society in 1890 and
1 89 1, and President in 1895 and 1896. Among

the other societies to which he belongs arc the
,\merican Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Bos-
ton Society of Natural History, the .American
Society of Naturalists and the Harvard Natural
History Society. Professor Mark married on No-
vember 23, 1873, Lucy Tiiorpe King, and has two
children: Kenneth Lamartine and Freedrica Mark.

LAUGHLIN, James Laurence, 1850-

Born in Deerfield, O., 1850; graduate of Harvard,
1873; taught in Boston five years ; Instructor in Politi-
cal Economy at Harvard, 1878; Assistant Professor,
1883-1888; Professor of Political Economy at Cornell;
elected to the same Chair at the University of Chicago.

JAMES LAURENCE LAUtlHLIN, Ph.D., In-
structor and .'\ssistant Professor of Political
Economy at Harvard, was born in Deerfield, Ohio,
April 2, 1850. He was one of the principal honor
men in the Class of 1873 at Harvard, and a thesis
on Anglo-Saxon Legal Procedure won for him the
degree of Doctor of Philosophy in 1876. For the
five years succeeding his graduation he taught in a
classical school in Boston. From 1878 till 1883
he occupied the post of Instructor in Political
Economy at Harvard, was in the latter year ad-
vanced to the Assistant Professorship, and continued
as such until 1SS8. He subsequently accepted the
Chair of Political Economy and Finance at Cornell,
and was in 1892 placed at the head of that De-
partment in the University of Chicago. Professor
Laughlin is a member of several learned bodies,
including the International Institute of Statistics,
and was correspondent of the Vierteljahrschrift fiir
Volkswirthschaft of Berlin. He is the author of
the Study of Political Economy ; the History of
Bimetalism in the United States ; The Elements
of Political Economy, with some Application to
Questions of the Day ; numerous papers upon eco-
nomic and political subjects, and published an
abridged edition of John Stuart Mill's Principles of
Political Economy ; anil is editor of Journal of Po-
litical Economy (Chicago). In 1898 Professor
Laughlin prepared the Report of the Indianapolis
Monetary Commission, of which he was a member.
In 1895, prepared a monetary system for Santo
Domingo, which was that year enacted into law.

PARKER, Charles Pomeroy, 1852-

Born in Boston, Mass., 1852; educated at Trinity
College, Hartford, and at Balliol College, Oxford.

528

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

England: Master in St. Paul's School; Assistant
Professor of Greek and Latin at Harvard.

GH.\RLES I'OMEROY P.VRKKR, Assistant
Professor at Harvard in the Department of
Classics, is the son of Henry Melville and Fannie

C. p. PARKER

Gushing (Stone) Parker, and was born in Boston,
Massachusetts, April 12, 1S52. After passing
through St. Paul's School, Concord, New Hamp-
shire, he spent the years 18 70-1872 at Trinity
College, Hartford, and the years 1872-1877 in
Balliol College, Oxford, England, receiving in 1876
the degree of Bachelor of Arts. His purpose has
been to combine an academic with a ministerial
career as Fellows in English Colleges do, and to
study and write on ancient history and philosophy
especially in connection with the origin of Chris-
tianity. Becoming Master in St. Paul's School in
1877 he held that position until 1S80, having mean-
while been ordained Deacon in the Episcopal
Church. In 1883 he became an Instructor in the
Department of Classics at Harvard, and in 1S9S he
was appointed Assistant Professor.

Trinity Boat CInb ; successfully trained the Oxford
crews ; coached the Harvard crew two years.

RL'DOl.l'H CHAMBERS LEHM.\NN, A.M.,
who directed the training of the Harvard
boat crew for the years 1S97 and 1898, was born
near Sheffield, England, January 3, 1S56, and is the
son of a wealthy merchant. His mother was, be-
fore marriage, Miss Chambers of Edinburgh, and
through her he is related to the fiimily of the famous
publisher. Mr. Lehmann's preparatory studies were
pursued at Higligate School, from which he entered
Trinity at Cambridge, and while a student there he
took an active interest in athletic sports, particularly
in boating. After graduating from Trinity he passed
through a regular course of legal instruction and
was admitted a Barrister. Mr. Lehmann is one of
the most prominent amateur oarsmen of England
and was at one time Captain of the Trinity Boat
Club. He has several times coached the Oxford
Crew to victory. At the earnest solicitation of the
Athletic Committee of Harvard he consented to
train the boat crews of 1897 and 1898, and although
his efforts were not so successful as anticipated, he

K. C. LEH.M.WN

labored diligently and faithfully in their behalf, so

tliat it has been truly said that " he brought from

T, • .. ^ ,, o .J . J- J 1 J J ■.. J Cambridge and Oxford the best traditions of Eng-

Tnnity College, Cambridge : studied law and admitted .l^i.v.qv, ^ o

to Bar; prominent in aquatic sports ; Captain of the Hsh manly sports." In 1S97 he received the hon-

LEHMANN, Rudolph Chambers, 1856-

Born near Sheffield, England, 1856; graduate of

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

529

orary degree of Master of Arts from Harvard. Mr. tlie period tluit of the French power in America.
Lehniann married, September 13, 189S, .\hce Marie The fruits of his Rocky Mountain exploration ap-

Davis, of Worcester, Massachusetts.

PARKMAN, Francis, 1823-1893.

peared in 1849, "i ^he California and Oregon Trail,
which was followed in 1851 by The Conspiracy of
Pontiac, and this in 1S65 and succeeding years, in
rapid succession, by the volumes of the series telling
the story of France and luigland in North America.
In 1871 and 1872, ])r. I'arkman hekl the position
of Professor of Horticulture at Harvard, a study in
which he was as well versed as in history. He
received the degree of Doctor of Laws from Har-
vard in 18S9, from McGill University in 1879 ^"'1

Born in Boston, Mass., 1823; graduated Harvard,
1844; Harvard Law School, 1846: devoted himself to
travel and the work of American history ; Professor in
the Harvard School of Horticulture, 1871-72; Overseer
of Harvard, 1868-71 and 1874-76 ; Fellow of Harvard
1875-88; LL.D. Harvard, McGill and Williams; died,
1893-

FRANCIS PARKMAN, LL.D., Overseer of from Williams in 1 885. Dr. I'arkman was a fellow
Harvard, was born in Boston, Massachusetts, of the American Academy, member and Vice-Presi-
September 16, 1S23, and was graduated at Harvard (-lent of the Massachusetts Historical Society, and an

honorary men.ber of the great historical societies
of Fhigland and Canada. He was an Overseer of
Harvard from 1S67 to 1871 and 1874 to 1876 and
a Fellow from 1875 to 1888. He died in Jamaica
Plain, Massachusetts, November 8, 1S93.

FRANCIS PARKM.-iN

in the Class of 1844. He studied at the Harvard
Law School, receiving the degree of Bachelor of
Laws in 1844, but abandoned that profession for
travel and literary work. In the year follow-ing his
graduation from the Law School, he undertook a
journey of exploration in the Rocky Mountain
region, living among the wild tribes of that part of
the country, and undergoing hardships and priva-
tions which shattered his health, leaving him an
invalid for the rest of his life and afflicting him with
partial blindness. In the face of these obstacles he
set himself assiduously to historical work, selecting as

VOL. II. — 34

RAND, Benjamin, 1856-

Born in Canning, N. S., 1856; educated at Acadia
College, Harvard (1879), Heidelberg University; has
been Assistant, then Instructor in Philosophy at Har-
vard; Instructor in English at the Mass. Institute of
Technology for one year; member of the American
Geographical Conference in London ; delegate of the
American Historical Association to the celebration at
Halifax of the discovery of America by John Cabot;
member of the American Historical Association and
the American Folk Lore Society; author of numerous
historical and other articles.

BENJAMIN RAND, Ph.D., Instnictor in Phil-
osophy at Harvard, was born in Canning,
Nova Scotia, July 17, 1856. His mother was Anna
Isabelle Eaton. His father was Ebenezer Rand, the
son of John Rand of Cornwallis, Nova Scotia, and
the grandson of John Rand of Nantucket, Massachu-
setts, and of Cornwallis, Nova Scotia. The earliest
ancestors in .America of Mr. Rand lived in Charles-
town, Massachusetts, Robert Rand, the first of that
name, having emigrated from England to Charles-
town before 1637. After passing through Horton
Academy, Nova Scotia, Benjamin Rand entered
Acadia College, where he received the degree of
Bachelor of Arts in iS75,and then entered Harvard,
receiving the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1879,
Master of Arts in 1880, Doctor of Philosophy in
1885. Between 18S2 and 1884 he held the Walker
Fellowship of Harvard and studied at Heidelberg

53°

UNIVERSITIES AND III FAR SONS

University. Since he was thirteen years of age Mr. QUINCY, Henry Parker, 1838-1899.
Rand has had an ahtiost uninterrupted connection g^^^ .^ g^^^^^^ ^^^^^ _ ,g^g. g.^d^^ted at Harvard,
with academic and collegiate institutions. From 1862 and at the Harvard Medical School ; Instructor
1885 he has been Assistant, and then Instructor, in in Histology at the Medical School; member of Boston

Natural History Society, Boston Society of Medical
Sciences, Dedham Historical Society, Colonial Society
of Massachusetts and Bostonian Society; died, 1899.

HKNRV PARKKR QUINCV, A.M., M.D..
Instructor in Histology at the Harvard
Medical School, was bom in Boston, Massachusetts,
October 28, 1S3S. His mother was I.ucilla Pinck-
ney Parker. His lather was Edmund Quincy, a
direct descendant of that Edmund Quincy of Wigs-
thorpe, Northampton, England, who was born in
1559 and died in 162S. It was the son of this
Quincy, Edmund Quincy, Jr., who settled in New
England in 1633. After passing through the private
schools in Dedham and Boston, Henry Parker Quincy
entered Harvard, where he graduated in 1862 and
then continued his course of study at the Harvard
Medical School, receiving the degree of Doctor of
Medicine in 1867. Four years were spent abroad
studying medicine. Shortly after his return in 1873
Dr. Quincy became Instructor in Histology at the

KF.NJAMIN RAND

Philosophy at Harvanl, with one year, 1888-1S89 as
Instructor of English nt the Massachusetts Institute
of Technology. He has also been a member of the
International Geographical Conference in London
in 1895, and delegate of the American Historical
Association to the celebration, in Halifax, Nova
Scotia, in 1897, of the discovery of America by John
Cabot. Among the societies to which he belongs
are the American Historical .Association and the
American Folk Lore Society. Numerous historical
articles come from his pen, besides a series of
papers on travel in the Mediterranean and Black
Seas and contributions on Canadian railways. His
other works include an Abstract of Ferrier's Greek
Philosophy ; Life of Rev. Aaron Cleveland ; and
Economic History since 1763. Bibliographies of
the history of philosophy, of metaphysics, of ethics,
of logic, of the philosophy of religion, or festhetics
and of psychology by him are ready for publication.
He has also in the press at the present time an im-
portant work entitled tlie Life, unpublished Letters

H. P. QUINCV

Harvard Medical School. He was a member of the
Natural History Society, the Boston Society of Medi-

and Philosophical Regimen of the Third Earl of cal Sciences, the Dedham Historical Society, the
Shaftesbury. Colonial Society of Massachusetts, the Bostonian

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

531

Society and nnmcrous social organizations. On Vice-President in 1853 and President in 1854.

June 20, 1877, lie married Mary Adams, daughter He was also a member of tlie Massachusetts His-

of the late Charles I'rancis Adams, and liad two torical Society. His services to Harvard included

children: Dorothy and I'',linor Quincy. Dr. Quincy that of Trustee aud Treasurer of the Peabody

died at his house in Beacon St., Boston, on Marcli Museum of Archeology and Ethnology for fifteen

II, 1899. years, and of Overseer from 1871 to 1883, the Uni-

SALISBURY, Stephen, 1798-1884.

Born in Worcester, Mass., 1798 ; educated at Leices-
ter Academy and at Harvard, graduating in 1817;
studied law and was admitted to the Bar; dropped the
law for business pursuits in 1832 ; Selectman of the
town of Worcester, 1839 ; member of the first Board of
Aldermen of the City, 1848 ; Representative in the
Legislature, 1838-39; State Senator, 1846-47; Presiden-
tial Elector, i860 and 1872; LL.D., Harvard, 1875;
Trustee and Treasurer of the Peabody Museum ; Over-
seer, 1871-83; died, 1884.

STEPHEN SALISBURY, LL.D., Overseer of
Harvard, son of Stephen and Elizabeth
(Tuckerman) Salisbury, was born in Worcester,
Massachusetts, March 8, 1798, received his prepara-
tory education in the public schools of Worcester
and at Leicester Academy, and was graduated at
Harvard in the Class of 181 7. He studied law in
the office of Samuel Mclntyre Burnside and was
admitted to the Worcester County Bar but relin-
quished the practice of his profession to assume
the business responsibilities devolving upon him on
the death of his father. After two years of travel
and study in Europe, Mr. Salisbury returned to
Worcester and became actively interested in affairs.
He was for more than fifty years a Director in the
Worcester Bank and its successor the Worcester
National Bank, and its President for nearly forty
years ; President of the Worcester County Savings
Association for twenty-five years ; and in the local
government held the position of Selectman of the
Town of Worcester in 1S39, and member of the
first Board of Aldermen after the incorporation of
the city, in 1848. He also represented Worcester
in the Lower House of the Legislature in 1838-
1839, and in the Senate in 1 846-1847. In the
national elections of i860 and 1872 he was chosen
a Presidential Elector. Tlie services of Mr. Salis-
bury were sought in many other positions of trust,
non-political, among which were those of Trustee
of the State Lunatic Hospital, and of the Leicester
Academy, President of the Polytechnic Institute,
of the Worcester Horticultural Society, and of the '
Board of Directors of the Worcester Free Public
Library. He was a member of the American An-
tiquarian Society from 1840 until his death, its

STEPHEN SALlSliURV

versity conferring upon him the degree of Doctor
of Laws in 1875. He died in Worcester, August
24, 1884.

SHAW, Lemuel, 1781-1861.

Born in Barnstable, Mass., 1781 ; graduated Har-
vard, 1800; admitted to the Massachusetts Bar, and
established himself in Boston, 1804; Representative in
the Legislature, 1811-15; State Senator 1821 and sub-
sequently; drafted the charter of the City of Boston,
1822; Chief-Justice of the Supreme Judicial Court of
Massachusetts, 1830-60; Fellow of Harvard, 1834-61;
Overseer, 1831-53; LL.D. Harvard, 1831 and Brown,
1850; died, 1E61.

LEMUEL SHAW, LL.D., Overseer of Har-
vard, was born in Barnstable, Massachusetts,
January 9, 1781. His father, the Rev. Oakes Shaw,
was Pastor of the West Parish of Barnstable from
1760 until his death in 1807. Lemuel Shaw was
graduated at Harvard in 1800, and after leaving
College was occupied, while studying law, as usher

^32

tjNivMsiriEs jMd their sons

in the Franklin (Brimmer) School and as Assistant
Editor of the Boston Gazette. He was admitted
to the Bar in 1.S04 and establishing himself in
Boston, rose gradually to eminence in his profes-
sion. He served in the Massachusetts House of
Representatives from 181 1 to 1815 continuously,
and as a member of the Senate in 1821-1822, and
182S-1829. It was while a member of the State
Senate that he drafted the charter of the City of
Boston, the first Act of Incorporation of a city in
Massachusetts. He was a delegate to the Consti-
tutional Convention of 1820. In 1S30 on the

1S50. He was a fellow of the .\merican Academy,
member of the Massachusetts Historical Society,
and of a number of other learned organizations.
He died in lioston, March 30, 1861.

LEMUEL SHAW

death of Hon. Isaac Parker, Mr. Shaw was ap-
pointed to succeed him as Chief-Justice of the
Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts, a seat
which he held for thirty years, resigning his seal
in i860. His work in this position placed him
among the foremost jurists, not only of New
England but of the United States. Among the
notable cases at which he presided, was the trial
of the rioters who destroyed the Ursuline Convent
at .Somerville in 1824, and that of Professor John
W. Webster for the murder of Dr. George Parkman.
Judge Shaw was a Fellow of Harvard from 1834 to
the time of his death, and an Overseer from 1831
to 1853. He received the degree of Doctor of
Laws from Har\-ard in 1831 and from Brown in

CHAR
Ha

SUMNER, Charles, 1811-1874.

Born in Boston, Mass., 1811 ; prepared for College in
the Boston Latin School; graduated Harvard, 1830;
Law School, 1834; Assistant Instructor, Harvard Law
School, 1836-37 ; Instructor, 1843 ; travelled extensively
in Europe, returning to the United States in 1840;
allied himself with the Free Soil party in politics and
was elected United States Senator by the coalition of
Democrats and Free Soilers in the Legislature in 1851 ;
held his seat in the U. S. Senate by re election contin-
uously to his death in 1874; LL.D., Yale and Amherst,
1856, Harvard, 1859; died, 1874.

lARLES SUMNER, LL.D., Instructor in the
larvard Law School, was born in Boston,
Massachusetts, January 6, 1811, attended the Boston
Latin School preparatory for College and was grad-
uated at Harvard in the Class of 1830. He con-
tinued his studies in the Harvard Law School,
graduating in 1834, was appointed Reporter of the
Circuit Court shortly after his admission to the Bar,
and was engaged for three years, between 1836 and
1S43, as Instructor in the Harvard Law School.
The anti-slavery movement early aroused his sym-
pathy, and on his return in 1840, from several years
of travel and study in Europe, he entered vigorously
into the agitation by articles written for periodical
publications, by public speaking and by active par-
ticipation in party politics. His first anti-slavery
speech was made in Faneuil Hall, November 4,
1845, at a meeting held in protest against the ad-
mission of Texas as a state ; and three years later
he became one of the leaders in the bolt from the
Whig party on the nomination of General Taylor,
assisting in the organization of the Free Soil party
and conducting the campaign for Van Buren and
Adams in Massachusetts, as Chairman of the Free
Soil State Committee. .\\. this election he stood as
the Free Soil candidate for Congress in the Boston
district, but was defeated by Mr. Winthrop. In the
election of the Massachusetts Legislature of 1851 a
majority was chosen by a coalition of Democrats
and Free Soilers, which resulted in the making of
George S. Boutwell Governor, when the election was
thrown into the Legislature by the failure of either
candidate to receive a majority on the popular vote,
and the choice of Mr. Sumner as United States Sen-
ator after a contest prolonged for three months,
and he then entered upon his national career. Mr.

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

53;

Stniiner was recognized in the Senate as the especial
representative of the North and of anti-slavery, as
Calhoun was of the South and of slavery. He struck
the keynote in his first great speech, August 26, 1852,
Freedom, National, Slavery, Sectional; in 1854 he
opposed the repeal of the Missouri Compromise in
another historic speech against Stephen A. Douglas'
Kansas-Nebraska bill; and in 1858 provoked the
assault of Preston S. Brooks by his speech on the
Crime Against Kansas in which he reflected sharply
upon Brooks' relation. Senator Butler of South Caro-
lina. From this assault Senator Sumner suffered

turned from him, adopting resolutions condemning
his course. These a subsequent Legislature, happily
while Mr. Sunnier was yet living to enjoy the vindi-
cation, expurged from the records. Mr. Sumner
was four times successively elected to the Senate.
and when he died he was the Senior Senator of the
United States in continuous service. He married
in 1866, Alice Mason Hooper, widow of Sturgis
Hooper, and daughter of Jonathan Mason of Boston,
a separation following in less tlian a year and sub-
sequently a divorce. Senator Sumner received the
degree of Doctor of J.aws from Yale and Amherst
in 1S56, and from Harvard in 1859. He died at
Washington, District of Columbia, March 11, 1874.

CHARLES SUMNER

seriously, going abroad for surgical treatment, and
being absent from his seat in the Senate four years.
He resumed his service in 1859, having been re-
elected meantime with practical unanimity by the
Massachusetts Legislature, and throughout the War
held the important position of Chairman of the Sen-
ate Committee on Foreign Affairs. The later years
of his service as Senator were clouded by antago-
nisms, arising out of his criticism of the action of
President Grant in seeking to acquire the Island of
San Domingo. He separated definitely from his
paity, opposed the re-election of Grant in 1872,
was deprived of all his places on committees of the
Senate, and made to feel the full weight of party
discipline. The Legislature of Massachusetts also

WALTON, George Lincoln, 1854-

Born in Lawrence, Mass., 1854; prepared for Col-
lege at the Williston Seminary; graduated at Harvard,
1875; at the Harvard Medical School, 1880; concluded
his studies in Europe ; practised in Boston for the past
sixteen years; Physician to the Mass. General Hos-
pital ; Clinical Instructor in the Medical Department of
Harvard ; and also at the Harvard Dental School.

GEORGE LINCOLN WALTON, M.D., In-
structor at the Harvard Medical and Den-
tal Schools, was born in Lawrence, Massachusetts,
March 16, 1854. Having attended the public
schools of his native city and Westfield, and
prepared for College at the Williston Seminary,
Easthampton, Massachusetts, he entered Harvard
and took his Bachelor's degree with the Class of
1875. After pursuing the regular course in the
Medical Department of Harvard and graduating
Doctor of Medicine in 1880, he continued his
studies in Europe, spending three years in the LTni-
versities of Berlin, Leipzig and Paris, and from 1883
to the present time he has been engaged in active
professional work in Boston, giving his principal
attention to the treatment of nervous diseases. In
addition to his private practice he has for a number
of years served as Physician to the Neurological De-
partment of the Massachusetts General Hospital ;
has officiated as Clinical Instructor in Diseases of
the Nervous System at the Harvard Medical School
from 1885 to the present time, and in 1890 was
appointed Instructor in Neurology at the Harvard
Dental School. Dr. Walton is a writer of recognized
ability and his professional observations and conclu-
sions appear from time to time in the meilical jour-
nals. He is a member of the Boston Societies for
Medical Observation, and Medical Improvement ;

534

UNlVERSiriES JND THEIR SONS

the Boston Society for Medical Science and the
Massachusetts Medical Society ; the Boston Medico-
Psychological Association, and the American Neuro-
logical Society.

SEARLE, Arthur, 1837-

Born in London, Eng., 1837; graduated at Harvard
(1856) ; engaged in teaching, farming and in broker's
business; connected with Harvard College Observ-
atory; Phillips Professor of Astronomy at Harvard;
member of the American Society of Arts and Sciences.

ARTHUR SEARLE, A.M., Phillips Professor
of .Astronomy at Harvard, was born in
London, England, October 21, 1S37. His mother

ARTHUR SEARLE

was Anne Noble. His father, Thomas Searle,
was a descendant of Robert Searle of Dorchester,
Massachusetts, 1662. From the Brookline High
School, .Arthur Searle passed into Harvard where
he graduated in 1856. The next twelve years
were spent in teaching, farming and work in a
broker's office, but on April i, 1868 he became
connected with the Harvard College Observatory,
and since 1S87 has held a full Professorship. He
is a member of American Academy of Arts and
Sciences. On January i, 1873 Mr. Searle married
Emma Wesselhoeft and has two children : Lucy
and Katharine Searle.

BOWDITCH, Nathaniel, 1773-1838.

Born in Salem, Mass., 1773; acquired a knowledge
of higher mathematics while still young; became a
Master Mariner and published a work on Navigation;
President of the Essex Fire and Marine Insurance
Company, of Salem, Mass. ; Actuary of the Mass.
Hospital Life Insurance Co., Boston ; member of the
Executive Council ; Fellow and Overseer of Harvard;
wrote profusely on Mathematics and Astronomy and
translated Laplace's Mecanique Celeste. Died at
Boston, Mass., 1838.

NATHANIEL BOWDLLCH, LL.D., Fellow
and Overseer of Harvard, was born in
Salem, ALassachusetts, March 26, 1773. His edu-
cational opportunities were meagre as he was
obliged to leave school when ten years old to
become an apprentice in his father's cooper-shop,
which he subsequently left to enter a ship-chan-
dlery as a clerk. An aptitude for mathematics was
not however disregarded by him, as in his inter-
vals of leisure he acquired proficiency in algebra,
and from a retired sailor he learned the elements
of navigation. Without the guidance of a tutor he
studied Latin for the purpose of reading Newton's
Principia, and he afterward pursued courses in
French, German, Italian and Spanish in order to
familiarize himself with the literature of those
languages. Entering the merchant marine service
in 1795, he made several voyages as supercargo
to East Indian and Mediterranean ports and in a
remarkably short space of time worked his way up
to the position of Master Mariner. \Vhile return-
ing from his last voyage he brought his ship safely
into Salem during a blinding snowstorm by following
closely his reckoning which was scrupulously kept,
his only other assurance of his exact position being
a mere glimpse of Baker's Island Light. The many
errors in Moore's work on navigation prompted him
after abandoning the sea to prepare a more reliable
one, which, under the title of The New American
Practical Navigator was issued in 1802 and became
standard both in this country and in Europe. In
recognition of his ability as a mathematician he
received from Harvard the Honorary degree of
Master of Arts the same year. He was chosen
President of the Essex Fire and Marine Insurance
Company, and later accepted the appointment of
Actuary of the Massachusetts Hospital Life Insur-
ance Company of Boston at a much larger salary,
which enabled him to begin the publication of a
translation of Laplace's Mecanique Celeste with a
Commentary explaining the obscure passages, valu-
able historical information, etc. This work, the

uNirERsiriES .-/x]) riiEiii sons

535

grc:itcr part of which was couiplctfil in iRiy, was
jirevented from immediate publication on account
of the smalhu'ss of the author's pecuniary resources
anil a refusal on his part to have it issued by sub-
scription. Three volumes of it appeared during
his life, tlie fourth after his death, while the fifth
volume was added to tlie work by Laplace too late
to be seen by the American translator. Dr. l!ow-
ditch was President of the American Academy of
Arts and Sciences, a Trustee of the Boston Athe-
nKum, and a member of the American I'liilosoph-
ical Society ; an honorary member of the Royal
Societies of London and Edinburgh ; the Royal
Irish Society ; the Royal Academies of Palermo
and Berlin ; the Royal Astronomical Society of
London ; and the British Association. He de-
clined Professorships at Harvard, the University
of Virginia and West Point, but was a Fellow cf
Harvard 1826-1838, Overseer 1S10-1S27, and a
second honorary degree, that of Doctor of Laws,
was conferred upon him by that institution in 1816.
He was twice elected to a seat in the Executive
Council and his intellectual attainments were uni-
versally appreciated. Besides the Navigator and
the M^canique Celeste he contributed to the
American edition of Rees's Cyclopsedia ; was the
author of twenty-three papers mostly on astronomy
which appear in the Transactions of the American
Academy ; and executed charts of Salem, Beverly,
Marblehead and ^Lanchester, Massachusetts. Dr.
Bowditch died in Boston, March 16, 1838.

WEBSTER, Daniel, 1782-1852.

Born in Salisbury (now Franklin), N. H., 1782;
studied at Phillips-Exeter Academy, and graduated at
Dartmouth, 1801 ; Representative to Congress from
New Hampshire, 1813-17; removed to Boston, 1816 ;
Congressman from Massachusetts, 1823-27 ; U. S. Sen-
ator from Massachusetts, 1827-41, and 1845-50; U.S.
Secretary of State, 1841-43 and 1850-52; received hon-
orary degree of Master of Arts from Harvard, 1804;
LL.D. from Harvard, Princeton, Dartmouth, Columbia,
Allegheny ; Overseer of Harvard, 1822-52 ; died, 1852.

DANIEL WEBSTER, LL.D., Overseer of Har-
vard, was born in Salisbury, (now Franklin),
New Hampshire, January 18, 1782, the son of Ebe-
nezer (Dartmouth 1804) and Abigail (Eastman)
Webster. He received his early education at Phil-
lips-Exeter Academy, prepared for College under
the tuition of Rev. Samuel Wood at Boscawen, New
Hampshire, and was graduated at Dartmouth in 1801.
He studied law in the office of Christopher Gore in

Boston, was admitted to the B.ir and established
himself in practice in ]5oscawcn, New LIami)shire.
For ten years he remained a citizen of New Hamp-
shire, and as such began his political career, rep-
resenting that state in Congress for two terms,
1 81 3-18 1 7, and in 1816 he removed to Boston,
devoting himself to practice at the liar, on the
expiration of his second term in Congress. He
rapidly secured leadership in liis profe.ssion, and
a highly lucrative business, and by his addresses on
public occasions as well as by his pleadings in court,
established his place among the great orators of the

D.\N1EL WEBSTER

world. It was at this period that he produced in
1S20, the great oration on the second centennial if
the landing of the Pilgrims at Plymouth, and in 1825
the equally great address on the laying of the corner-
stone of Bunker Hill Monument, and in 1826 his
eulogy of Adams and Jefferson. Mr. Webster was
elected to Congress from the Boston district in
1822, and on taking his seat in December of the
following year, was appointeil by the Speaker, Llenry
Clay, to the important position of Chairman of the
Judiciary Committee. He was twice re-elected, in
1824 and 1826, and in 1S27 was chosen by the
Legislature to represent Massachusetts in the L^nited
States Senate. During this term in January 1S30, Mr.
Webster made his historic Reply to Haynes, a speech

53^^

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

which has been held to be the greatest in genuine
oratorical power since the Oration of Demosthenes
on the Crown. It marks the culmination of Mr.
Webstefs wonderful power as an orator. Three
years later he crossed swords in debate on the same
general question of multiplication with Senator Cal-
houn, his speech on this occasion on The Constitu-
tion not a Compact between Sovereign States, also
holding its place in history. In 1836 Mr. ^Vebster
was nominated for President of the United States,
by the Whigs of Massachusetts, but received the
electoral vote only of his own state. On the elec-
tion of President Harrison in 1840, Mr. Webster
was offered the Portfolio of Secretary of State, which
he accepted, assuming office with the incoming ad-
ministration, in 1841. He remained at his post
after the resignation of all other Whig members
of the Cabinet, on the accession of Vice-Presiilent
Tyler, until he had completed the negotiation of
the Ashburton Treaty with Great Britain, and had
seen it confirmed by the Senate. When this was
accomplished he retired from the Cabinet, in May
1843, and returned to the practice of law in Boston.
On the resignation of Rufus Choate from the United
States Senate in 1845, ^'^■'- Webster was made his
successor, holding the seat until he was again invited
into the Cabinet in 1850, as Secretary of State in
the Fillmore administration. He held this Portfolio
until his death, which occurred at his farm in Marsh-
field, Massachusetts, October 24, 1852. Mr. Web-
ster received the honorary degree of Master of Arts
from Harvard in 1804, and that of Doctor of Laws
from Princeton (1818), Dartmouth (1823), Harvard
and Columbia (1824), and Allegheny (1840). He
was a fellow of the American Academy, member of
the Massachusetts Historical Society, and other
learned bodies, and served as Overseer of Harvard
for thirty years, from 1S22 until the time of his
death.

TUTTLE, Charles Wesley, 1829-1881.

Born in Newfield, Me., 1829; entered Harvard Ob-
servatory as a student, 1850, and was appointed Assis-
tant Observer, 1851 ; discovered a telescopic comet,
1853; attached to the United States Coast Survey chro-
nometric expedition, 1855 ; resigned from Observatory
because of impaired eyesight ; studied law and was
admitted to practice, 1856; received honorary A.M.
from Harvard, 1854 ; Ph D., Dartmouth, 1880; died, 1881.

CH.\RLES WESLEY TUTTLE, Ph.D., Assis-
tant Observer at Harvard Astronomical Ob-
servatory, was born in Newfield, Maine, November i,

1829, and educated in the schools of his native town
and at Dover, where he also learned the trade of
carpenter. As a boy he showed the bent of his
mind by the construction of a telescope which was a
remarkable piece of mechanism to be produced by
one who had never seen such an instrument. He
entered the Observatory at Harvard in 1850 as a
student, and in 1853 was appointed Assistant Ob-
server, a promotion which he justified by the dis-
covery of a telescopic comet, called by his name.
His eyes failing him, he resigned from the Observa-
tory, and in 1855 was sent to England in associate

CHARLES W. TUTTLE

charge of the United States Coast Survey expedition
for determining the difference of longitude between
Cambridge and (Greenwich. On his return he
studied law and was admitted to the Bar, practising
first in Newburyport and afterwards establishing
himself permanently in Boston. His leisure was de-
voted to historical and antiquarian research, and he
was influential in procuring the incorjDoration of the
Prince Society, of which he was Treasurer and Cor-
responding Secretary. He was also a member of
the Massachusetts Historical Society and other asso-
ciations. Harvard gave him the honorary degree of
Master of Arts in 1854 and Dartmouth that of Doc-
tor of Philosophy in 1880. He died in Boston,
Massachusetts, July 17, 1S81.

UNIFERSITIKS AND THEIR SONS

537

BRASTOW, Lewis Orsmond, 1834-

Born in Brewer, Penobscot Co., Me., 1834; graduated
at Bowdoin 1S57 and at the Bangor, Maine, Theological
Seminary, i860; preached in St. Johnsbury, Vt., 1861-
73; in Burlington, same state, 1873-84; Chaplain in the
Civil War, 1862-63; visited Europe and the Holy Land,
i86g; delegate to the Vermont Constitutional Conven-
tion, 1870 ; chosen Professor of Practical Theology at
the Yale Divinity School, 1885; still retains that Chair.

LEWIS ORS^[OND BRASTOW, D.D., Pro-
fessor of Theology at the Yale Divinity
School, was born in Brewer, Penobscot county,
Maine, March 23, 1834. son of Deodat and Eliza

he could spare from his studies to teaching school.
Called to the Pastorate of the South Congregational
Church, St. Johnsbury, Vermont, over which he was
installed in January 1 861, he labored there for twelve
years with the exception of a year's service in the
Civil War as Chaplain of the Twelfth Regiment,
Vermont Volunteer Infantry, 1 862-1 863, and in
1S73 he accepted the Pastorshi]) of the First
Congregational Church, Burlington, that state,
remaining there until May 18X4. In March of
the following year he was summoned to tlie Faculty
of the Yale Divinity School as Professor of Practical
Theology, and is still actively engaged in the regu-
lar duties of his post. In 1869 Professor Brastow
went abroad for recreation and study, visiting tlie
chief points of interest in Europe and extending his
journey to Palestine and Egypt. He is a member
of the Bowdoin Chapter, Alpha Delta Phi, the Phi
Beta Kappa Society, antl the Grand Army of the
Republic, and of a literary club in New Haven. In
1880 the honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity was
conferred upon him by Bowdoin College, and in
1885 the degree of Master of Arts by Yale. In
politics he formerly acted with the Republican
party, and was a delegate to the Vermont Consti-
tutional Convention of 1S70, but of late he has
voted independently. He was married May 15,
1872 to Martha Brewster Ladd of Painsville, Ohio.
He has three sons: Lewis Ladd, born October 10,
1874 ; Edward Thayer born January 30, 1876 ; and
George Brewster Brastow, born January 2, 1S82.

LEWIS O. BR.4S'|-(1W

(Blake) Brastow. His ancestors un both sides were
originally from England, some of them having served
in the Revolutionary War, and one was attached to
the staff of General \Vashington. His maternal
grandmother was French and belonged to the
Dupee family of Massachusetts. His paternal and
maternal grandparents moved from ^Vrentham and
Franklin, Norfolk county, Massachusetts, to the
Penobscot Vallev, Maine, toward the close of the
eighteenth century, and settled in East Brewer (now
Holden) where they engaged in farming. Lewis
Orsmond Brastow prepared for College under pri-
vate instruction in Brewer and Bangor, was graduated
from Bowdoin in 1857, and from the Bangor Theo-
logical Seminary in 1S60. having devoted what time

CURTIS, Edward Lewis, 1853-

Born in Ann Arbor, Mich., 1853; student at Beloit
College; graduated at Yale, 1874; teacher in Pitts-
field, (111.,) High School, 1875; Classical Instructor at
Biddle University, 1876 ; theological student at Union
Theological Seminary, New York, 1876-79; studied in
Germany, 1879-81 ; Instructor in McCormick Theolog-
ical Seminary, Chicago, 1881-82; Assistant Prof,
there, 1882-86 and Professor 1886-91 ; Professor of
Hebrew Language and Literature at Yale, 1891 ; re-
ceived honorary degree of Ph.D. from Hanover (Ind.)
College, 1886; honorary D.D. from Yale, 1891 ; con-
tributor to Johnson's Encyclopaedia; the New Bible
Dictionary, the Century, Presbyterian Review and the
periodicals.

EDWARD LEWIS CURTIS, Ph.D., D.D.,
Holmes Professor of Hebrew at Vale, was
born in Ann Arbor, Michigan, October 13, 1S53.
He is the son of the late Rev. William S. Curtis,
D.D., a Presbyterian Clergyman and at one time
President of Knox College, Galesburg, Illinois.

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

After education in private schools lie finishetl his
preparation for College at the Academy of Knox
College and at the Free Academy of Elmira, New
York. He studied for two years, 1869-1S71 at

articles for the Century ; the Presbyterian Review ;
the Biblical \\'orld ; the Andover Review and other
periodicals, and also wrote for Johnson's Encyclo-
predia an article on the Hexateuch, and a number
for Scribner's New Bible Dictionary. His instruc-
tion at Yale is in the text, introduction and inter-
pretation of the Old Testament. He married Laura
Elizabeth Ely, April 27, 1882. His children are:
Elizabeth Eudora, born March 8, 1893; Martha
Margaret, born May 30, 1894; Edward Ely, born
July 4, 1888, and Laura Dorothea, born October
19, 1890. He is a Republican, and member of
several Theological Clubs in Chicago and New
Haven.

EDWARD L. CURTIS

Beloit College, Wisconsin, and then entered Yale
where he was graduated with the degree of Bach-
elor of Arts in 1874. The following year he taught
in the High School of Pittsfield, Illinois. He was
Classical Instructor at Biddle University, North
Carolina, during the year of 1S75-1876. During
the next thn^e years he was a student at the Union
Theological Seminary of New York, from which
institution on graduation he received a fellowship,
and studied at the University of Berlin, Germany,
from October 1879 to April 1881. Returning to
America he served as Instructor in Old Testament
Literature and Exegesis at the McCormick Theo-
logical Seminary of Chicago, 1881-1882. He was
promoted to Assistant Professor and finally to Pro-
fessor, teaching with the latter rank from 1886 to
1 89 1, when he went to Yale to accept the appoint-
ment as Holmes Professor of Hebrew Language and
Literature in the Divinity School. Professor Curtis
was ordained to the ministry by the Presbytery of
Chicago, November 19, 1884. He received in
i886 the honorary degree of Doctor of Philosophy
from Hanover College, Indiana, and in 1S91 that of
Doctor of Divinity from Yale. He has contributed

CARRINGTON, Herbert DeWitt, 1863-

Born in Lansingburg, N. Y., 1863; early education
in New Haven public schools ; graduate of Yale Scien-
tific School : Ph.D., from Heidelberg; teacher in High
School ; teacher of German in Yale.

HERBERi' DeWITT CARRINGTON, Ph.D.,
Instructor in German at Yale, son of

Henry Austin and Grace Tomlinson Carrington, was

HERBERT D. CARRINGTON

born in Lansingburg, New York, December 25,
1863. His early training was received in the public
schools of New Haven, Connecticut. He took his
regular preparatory course for Yale. In iSSi he

VNiyERSrriES AND THEIR SONS

539

entered the Scientific Department of tlie University,
and graduated there three years later. His studies
were continued abroad, and in 1897 the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy was conferred upon him by
the University of Heidelberg, Germany. For a
time Mr. Carriugton was a teacher in public schools
of Connecticut, and also a private instructor. Later
he was made Instructor in German in the Yale
Scientific School.

DeFOREST, Louis Shepard, 1857-

Born in Charleston, S. C, 1857; studied at Hopkins
Grammar School; graduated at Yale, 1879; graduated
in medicine at Jena, Germany 1885; Attending Phy-
sician to New Haven Hospital; Chief of the Medical
Clinic in the New Haven Dispensary ; Clinical Pro-
fessor of Medicine, Yale Medical School.

LOUIS SHEPARD DEFOREST, A.B., A.M.,
M.D., Clinical Professor at Yale, was born
in Charleston, South Carolina. February 23, 1857.

LOUIS s. Deforest

He is the sou of John W. DeForest and Harriet
(Shepard), and is descended from one of the first
French fiimilies emigrating to America. Fitting for
Yale at the Hopkins Grammar School, he entered
the former Institution in 1875, graduating four
years later. Immediately after graduation Dr. De-
Forest went abroad to pursue medical studies.

This work continued until 1S85 when he returned
to New Haven to enter upon a practice of medicine
there which he has continued up to the present
time. Since 1891 Dr. DeForest has been Attend-
ing Physician to the New Haven Hospital and Chief
of the Medical Clinic to the New Haven Dispen-
sary. He has since 1893 taught in the Yale Medi-
cal School, filling there the position of Clinical
Professor of Medicine. He was at one time a
member of the City Board of Health of New
Haven. Dr. DeForest is a member of the (Grad-
uates' Club of New Haven, the Lawn ('lub of New
Haven and the D. K. E. Club of New York. He is
also associated with the County and State Medical
Societies, and the American Academy of Social
Science. He married February 37, 1889, Annie,
daughter of Richard M. Everit of New Haven,
Connecticut. His children are : Charles Shepard,
Louis Everit, .Annie Lawrence, Eleanor and Katha-
ryne DeForest.

MEIGS, Josiah, 1757-1822.

Born in Middletown, Conn., 1757; graduated at Yale,
1778; Tutor there, 1781 84 while studying law; admitted
to the Bar, 1783 ; published the New Haven Gazette.
1784-88; City Clerk of New Haven, 1784-89; practised
law in Bermuda until 1794 ; Professor of Mathematics
and Natural Philosophy at Yale till 1801 ; Acting Pres-
ident of the University of Georgia, 1800-10 ; Surveyor-
General of the United States, 1812; Commissioner of
the General Land Oflfice, 1814-22 ; elected President of
the Columbian Institute, Washington, D. C, 1819:
made Professor of Experimental Philosophy at Colum-
bian College, 1821 ; died, 1822.

JOSIAH MEIGS, M.A., Professor of Mathematics
and Natural Philosophy at Yale, was born in
Middletown, Connecticut, August 21, 1757. He
was a brother of Colonel Return Jonathan Meigs, a
brave and efficient officer in the American Army
during the Revolutionary \Var. He was a graduate
of Yale, Class of 1778, receiviiig his Bachelor's de-
gree in company with Noah Webster, Oliver Wolcott
and other men of subsequent note, and returning to
the College in 1781 as a law student and Tutor in
Mathematics, Natural Philosophy and Astronomy,
he resigned that office in 1784, having been ad-
mitted to the Bar the previous year. From 1784 to
1788 he was actively concerned in the publication
of The New Haven Gazette, which he established in
company with others, and later became its sole pro-
prietor, but owing to lack of financial support the
enterprise was abandoned after an existence of four
years. He held the office of City Clerk of New

540

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

1 1:iven from 1 784 to i 789, in which year he went to received the John Sloane Fellowship. He then com-
IScrmiuia, where for tlie succeeding five years he was menced work as a graduate student in physics, which
engaged in defending American siiipping against the he now continues. Since commencing his post-
aggression of ISritish privateers. Upon his return to graduate study Mr. Ewell has been appointed As-
the United States in 1794 he was called to the Chair
of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy at Yale,
wliere in 17S9 he ha<l delivered a course of philo-
sophical lectures, and he continued a member of
that Faculty by annual election till iSoi, when he
began his duties as Professor and .\cting President
of the newly organized University of Georgia, re-
taining the latter office until 1810, and hokiing the
Chair of Mathematics, Natural Philosophy and
Chemistry until the close of the ensuing year. Ap-
pointed Surveyor-General of the United States in
181 2, and Commissioner of the General Land Of-
fice in 1814, he held the latter position for the rest
of his life. In 18 19 he was elected President of
the Columbian Institute, Washington, District of
Columbia, and upon the establishment of Columbian
College, he took the Professorship of Experimental
Philosophy. Professor Meigs died in Washington,
September 4, 1822. He was a member of several
learned bodies, a close student of the sciences, and
was probably the first to advocate the introduction
of regular meteorological observations by the
government.

ARTHUR \V. EWELL

EWELL, Arthur Woolsey, 1873-

Born in Bradford, Mass., 1873; studied at Worcester
Academy, \Vorcester, Mass., and at Howard Univer-
sity, Washington, D. C. ; graduated at Yale, 1897;
graduate student in physics; holder of Fellowship;
Assistant in Physics in the Sloane Physical Laboratory.

ARTHUR WOOLSEY EWELL, Assistant in
Physics at Yale, was born in Bradford, Mas-
sachusetts, October 20, 1873. His parents, John
Lewis Ewell (now a Professor of Theology) and
Emily Spofford (Hall) Ewell, trace their ancestry
to some of the earliest settlers of Northeastern
Massachusetts. Mr. Ewell's early education was
obtained in the public schools of Millbury, Massa-
chusetts, Worcester Academy, Worcester, Massa-
chusetts, and in Howard University, Washington,
District of Columbia. This training fitted him for
University work, and in 1S93 he entered Yale.
During the four years of work in the Academic De-
partment he paid particular attention to physics and
mathematics, having already had some practical ex-
perience outside of College in electrical engineering.
In 1S97 he graduated with high honors anil at once

sistant in the Sloane Physical Laboratory. He is a
member of the Phi Beta Kappa and Sigma Xi Socie-
ties. In politics he is a national Democrat.

ELDRIDGE, Jay Glover, 1875-

Born in Janesville, Wis., 1875; studied in grammar
school at Penfield, N. Y.; high school at Fairport, N.
Y. ; graduate of Yale ; post-graduate work at Yale ;
Instructor in German in Sheffield Scientific School.

JAY GLOVER ELDRIDGE, Assistant in German
at Yale, was born in Janesville, Wisconsin,
November 8, 1875. His father, William Glover El-
dridge, anr' his mother, ."Vugusta Van Wormer(Ward)
Eldridge, trace their ancestry through Scotch, Dutch
and English blood. Mr. Eldridge received his early
education chiefly from the grammar school at Pen-
field, New York, and the Classical Union School of
Fairport, New York. A course of academic study
at Yale followed, and in 1896 Mr. Eldridge grad-
uated with the rank of " Philosophical Oration."
He at once commenced post-gradu;ite work in

UNIVERSiriES AND THEIR SONS

541

modem languages, paying particular attention to
Germanic philology, \vitl\ a view of obtaining the
degree of Hoctor of Philosophy. He is at present
pursuing this work. In June 1897 Mr. Eldridge

J. G. EI.DRIDGE

was appointed Assistant in German in the Sheffield
Scientific School of Yale, beginning that work in
September of that year.

itself during liis residence in Europe, two ])apers
from his facile pen having been read before the
British A.ssociation for the Advancement of Science,
and the Highland Agricultural Society awarded him
the sum of fifty sovereigns for an essay on oats. In
1846 he was selected by the Yale Corporation for
the newly created Chair of Agricultural Chemistry
and of Vegetable and Animal I'hysiology, but as the
opening of the Departments was necessarily deferred
he went to Utrecht, where he devoted another year
to preparing himself for his new work. Commenc-
ing the duties of his Professorship in 1847 the De-
partment was rapidly developed under his direction,
but his career of usefulness was of short duration as
his death occurred September 5, 1852. Professor
Norton was a practical as well as a theoretical agri-
culturist, spending the time not actually required by
the duties of his Professorship upon his father's farm
in the town of Farmington, Connecticut, testing the
practicability of the methods which he advanced,
and it is a well-known fact that his activity and
popularity, together with that of the younger Silli-
man, suggested the establishment of a special Scien-
tific Department at Yale which eventually developed
into the present Sheffield Scientific School, made
possible by the generous munificence of the bene-
flictor in whose honor it was named. Besides his
addresses delivered before agricultural societies,
Professor Norton published scientific articles in the
American Journal of Science ; was a regular con-
tributor to the Albany Cultivator : and the author
of Elements of Scientific Agriculture, etc. He was
made an honorary Master of Arts by Yale in 1846.

NORTON, John Pitkin, 1822-1852.

Born in Albany, N. Y., 1822; pursued his scientific
studies in New Haven, Edinburgh and Utrecht ; Pro-
fessor of Agricultural Chemistry at Yale 1847 until his
death ; and an able writer upon scientific agriculture ;
died, 1852.

JOHN PITKIN NORTON, M.A., first Professor
of .Agricultural Chemistry at Yale, was born in
Albany, New York, July 19, 1822. A determination
formed in his youth to become a farmer was agree-
able to his parents who however insisted that he
should obtain a knowledge of scientific as well as
practical agriculture, and he accordingly pursued a
course of study in New Haven, at the conclusion of
which he went abroad and for the succeeding two
years was a student in the Agricultural Chemical
Association's Laboratory at Edinburgh, Scotland.
His ability as a scientific writer began to assert

PACKARD, Lewis Richard, 1836-1884.

Born in Philadelphia, 1836 ; student at Yale, Class of
1856 and the University of Berlin; Tutor at Yale, 1859-
63 while studying theology; Assistant Professor of
Greek until 1866; Professor of that subject for the rest
of his life ; in charge of the American Archaeological
School, at Athens, Greece, 1883; died, 1884.

LEUTS RICHARD PACKARD, Ph.D., Pro-
fessor of Greek at Yale, was born in Phila-
delphia, August 22, 1836, son of Frederick Adolphus
Packard (Harvard 1814), grandson of the Rev.
Asa Packard, and a descendant of Samuel Packard,
one of the first settlers of Bridgewater, Maine. His
father was Editor of the publications of the Ameri-
can Sunday-School Union, Philadelphia, from 1829
to 1867. Having taken his Bachelor's degree at
Yale (1856), he went abroad, continuing his studies

542

UNIVERSITIES JND THEIR SONS

at the University of Berlin ami also spending some
time in B:uropean travel, after wliich he took up the
study of theology and also held a Tutorship at Yale
from 1859 to 1863. Accepting the post of As-
sistant Professor of Greek Language and Literature
in the latter year, he was advanced to the full Pro-
fessorship of that study in 1866, and occupied the
Chair for the succeeding seventeen years. In 1SS3
he was in charge of the American Archaeological
School at Athens, Greece, and he died in New
Haven, October 26, 1884. Professor Packard was
made a Master of Arts and a Doctor of Philosophy

Brown, 1850-52; and of Civil Engineering at Yale for
the rest of his life ; died, 1883.

WILLIAM AUGUSTUS NORTON, A.M.,
Professor of Civil Engineering at Yale,
was born in Bloomfield, New York, October 25,
iSio. Appointed a cadet at the United States
Military Academy, West Point, he was graduated in
1 83 1, and was detailed as Assistant Professor of
Natural and PZxperimental Philosophy for two years,
during which time he served in the Black Hawk
expedition as Second Lieutenant in the Fourth
Artillery. Resigning from the army in 1833 to
accept the Chair of Natural Philosophy and As-
tronomy at the University of the City of New York,
he remained there some six years, accepting in 1839
a similar Professorship at Delaware College, which
he retained for ten years and was elected President
of that institution in 1849. Joining the Faculty of
Brown University as Professor of Natural Philosophy
and Civil Engineering, he served in that capacity
until called to the Chair of Civil Engineering in
the recendy organized Scientific Department of
Yale, and he continued in active service there until
his death, which occurred September 2t, 1S83.
Professor Norton was made a Master of Arts by the
University of Vermont in 1842. He was a member
of several learned bodies including the National
Academy of Sciences ; contributed numerous papers
on molecular and astronomical physics, and terres-
trial magnetism to the American Journal of Science,
and to scientific societies to be read at the meet-
ings ; and he was also the author of the First
Book of Natural Philosophy ; and An Elementary
Treatise on .Astronomy.

LEWIS R. P.ACKARD

by Yale, receiving the latter degree in 1863. He
was a frequent contributor to the reviews, and in
1886 a vokmie entitled: Studies in Greek Tho\ight
was issued in Boston, containing seven of his most
notable lectures and essays.

NORTON, William Augustus, 1810-1883.

Born in Bloomfield, N. Y., 1810 ; graduated at the U.
S. Military Academy, 1831 ; Assistant Professor there
two years; served in the Black Hawk expedition as 2d
Lieutenant; Professor of Natural Philosophy and
Astronomy at the University of the City of N. Y., 1833-
33 ; held the same chair at Delaware College till 1849,
and was its President for the succeeding year ; Profes-
sor of Natural Philosophy and Civil Engineering at

PIERSON, Charles Wheeler, 1864-

Born in Florida, N. Y., 1864; concluded his College
preparations at Phillips (Exeter) Academy; graduated
at Yale, 1886 ; pursued his legal studies at the Yale Law
School and in New York City ; admitted to the New
York Bar, 1889; practised in the metropolis to the pres-
ent time ; Instructor in N. Y. Practice at the Law De-
partment of Yale, 1896.

CHARLES WHEELER PIERSON, M.A., In-
structor in the Yale Law School, was born
in Florida, New York, May 3, 1864, son of George
Wilson and Sarah Catherine (Wheeler) Pierson.
His preliminary education was acquired at home
under his father's direction, and his preparatory
studies were concluded with a year's course at
Phillips (Exeter) Academy, from which he entered

UNIVERSITIES JND TIIKIK SONS

543

Yale, gradnnting with the Class of i8S6, of which sou of Chester Smith and l.my (Crary) I'ren-
he was valedictorian. After pursuing a year's post- tice. He was prepared for College at the
graduate work at the same University and spending Norwich Free Academy, from which he entered
another year in the Law Department, he went to Vale, taking his Bachelor's degree in 1873, and

his legal studies were pursued in the Yale Law
Department, Class of 1S75. Admitted to the Bar
the same year, he immediately began the practice
of law in Hartford, Connecticut, where he attained
high rank in the legal profession, and for about
thirteen years he was a member of the firm of
Johnson & Prentice. In 1889 he was elevated to
the State Superior Court Bench for a term of
eight years, and honored with a reappointment in
1897. Judge Prentice is Chairman of the State

CHARLES W. PIERSON

New York City, where his legal studies were com-
pleted, and ever since his admission to the New
York Bar in 1889, has practised his profession in
the metropolis, being at the present time with
Alexander & Green at No. 120 Broadway. In 1896
he became an Instructor in New York Practice in
the Law Department of Yale whicli position he still
occupies. In national issues Mr. Pierson supports
the Republican party but in municipal affairs he acts
independently or with the Citizens Union. He is
a member of the University and Yale Clubs of New
York, and the New York City Bar Association.

PRENTICE, Samuel Oscar, 1850-

Born in North Stonington, Conn., 1850; fitted for Col-
lege at the Norwich Free Academy ; graduated at Yale,
1873; at the Yale Law School, 1875; admitted to the
Bar the same year and located in Hartford, Conn. ;
appointed Judge of the Superior Court, 1889, and re-
appointed, 1897 ; Instructor at Yale Law Department,
1896.

SAMUEL OSCAR PRENTICE, Instructor in
the Law Department at Yale, was born m
North Stonington, Connecticut, .\ugust 8, 1S50,

SAMUEL O. PRENTICE

Bar Examining Committee. In 1896 he became
an Instructor of Pleading in the Law Department
of Yale in which capacity lie still continues.

SMITH, Sidney Irving, 1843-

Born in Norway, Me., 1843; educated in the public
schools, the Norway Academy, Gould's Academy,
Bethel, Me., and the Sheffield Scientific School, Yale;
Assistant in Zoology at Yale, 1867-74; Instructor in
Comparative Anatomy there the following year; Pro-
fessor of that subject 1875 to the present time; en-
gaged in the exploration of the deep waters of Lake
Superior, 1871 ; associated with the U. S. Fisheries

544

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

Commission, 1871-87; and the author of numerous
papers relative to Zoology.

SIDNEY IRVING SMITH, M.A., Ph.B., Pro-
fessor of Comparative Anatomy at Yale, was
born in Norway, Maine, February 18, 1843, son of

Webster's International Dictionary.
18S2, he married Eugenia P. Barber.

On June 29,

ROBINSON, James Johnson, 1863-

Born in Granville, O., 1863 ; educated in public schools,
Denison Academy, Denison University, and Princeton,
Class of 1S84; took post-graduate courses in Leipzig,
Germany, and Yale : Professor at the College of Mon-
tana, 1884-86 ; Classical Master of Mohegan Lake
School, i888-8g; Latin Master Shadyside Academy to
1893; and Instructor in Latin at Yale from the latter
year to the present time.

JAMES JOHNSON ROBINSON, Ph.D., In-
structor at Yale, was born in Granville, Ohio,
July 20, 1863, son of Thomas Johnson and Mary
Ann (Copland) Robinson. After attending the
Granville public schools and the Denison Academy,
he was a student at the Denison University, and
at Princeton, taking his Bachelor's degree at the
latter with the Class of 1884. He subsequently
pursued advanced courses in Leipzig, Germany,
and at Yale, receiving the degree of Doctor of
Philosophy from the latter University in 1888,

SIDNEY I. SMITH

Elliot and Lavinia Howard (Barton) Smith. His
studies in the public schools and academy of his
native town were supplemented by a course at
Gould's Academy, Bethel, Maine, and a two years
course at the Sheffield Scientific School of Yale,
where he received the degree of Bachelor of
Philosophy in 1867. Remaining there as an Assis-
tant in Zoology he was made an Instructor in Com-
parative Anatomy seven years later, and from 1875
to the present time he has held the Professorship
of that subject. In 187 1 he was engaged in ex-
ploring the deep waters of Lake Superior for
scientific investigation, and from the latter year
until 1887, he was associated in scientific work
with the United States Commissioners of Fish and
Fisheries. Professor Smith is a member of the
National Academy of Sciences, and of other learned
bodies, and was made a Master of Arts by Yale
in 1887. He is a prolific zoological writer, having
up to 1890 published seventy papers, many of
which are devoted to Crustacea, and is the author
of the revision of the definitions of anatomy in

JAMES J. ROBINSON

since which time he has made several visits to
Europe for study and observation. Immediately
after graduating from Princeton he accepted a
Professorship in the College of Montana, where

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

545

he remained two years, and in iSSS he went to
the Mohegan Lake School as Classical Master.
From 1SS9 to 1893 he officiated as Latin Master
at the Shadyside Academy, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania,
and in the latter year was called to Vale as In-
structor in Latin. Dr. Robinson is a member of
the Beta Theta Pi Society, the American Whig
Society, the Reform Club, of New York City, and
the Graduates' Club, New Haven. On December
22, 1896, he married Anna Waring.

SCHWAB, John Christopher, 1865-

Born in Fordham Heights, N. Y., 1865; graduated at
Yale, 1886 ; studied political science in the Graduate
Department the succeeding year; at the University of
Berlin, 1887-88; at Gottingen, 1888-89; and history in
New York, i8go; Lecturer at Yale, i8go-gi; Instructor,
i89t-g3; Assistant Professor cf Political Economy to
i8g8; advanced to full Professorship the latter year.

JOHN CHRISTOPHER SCHWAB, Ph.D., Pro-
fessor of Political Economy at Yale, was born
in Fordham Heights, Westchester county. New
York, .April i, 1865, son of Gustav and Catherine
Elizabeth (Von Post) Schwab. He was named
for his paternal great-grandfother, a Privy Counsel-
lor of Stuttgart, Germany, of which city his grand-
father Gustav Schwab, the poet, and his father were
also natives. His maternal grandfather was Laurence
Henry von Post, a native of Bremen, and a mer-
chant of New York. He is a great-grandson on
the maternal side of Caspar Meier, also a native
of Bremen and a New York merchant, who married
a daughter of John Christopher Kunze, D.D., of New
York, and the latter's wife was a daughter of Henry
Melchior Muhlenberg, of Pennsylvania. Having
pursued his preliminary studies under private tutors,
and in Messrs. Gibbens and Beach's School, New
York, he entered Yale, Class of 1886, and after
taking his Bachelor's degree he took a year's course
in political science under Professors Sumner and
Hadley in the Graduate Department. The succeed-
ing two years were devoted to the same line of
study at the Universities of Berlin and Gottingen,
from which latter he received the degree of Doctor
of Philosophy in 1889, having been awarded that of
Master of Arts by Yale the previous year, and his
professional preparations were concluded with a
year's historical research in the libraries of New
York City. Returning to Yale as Lecturer on Polit-
ical Science in 1S90, he acted as Instructor in
Political Economy from 1891 to 1893, when he
took the Assistant Professorship, and in 1898 was
VOL. II. — 35

advanced to the Chair of th;it sul)ject. I'rolVssor
Schwab has been one of the I'Aliiors of tlie Vale
Review, since 1892, and is the author of historical
articles on the Confederate States ; Revolutionary
History of Fort Number Eight; and an article on
Finance, contributed to Johnson's Encyclopsedia.

J. C. SCHWAB

He is a member of tiie Century .Association and the
Reform Club, of New York, and of the Graduates'
Club of New Haven. On October 5, 1893, he
married Editli Aurelia Fisher of the last named city.

RUSSELL, Talcott Huntington, 1847-

Born in New Haven, Conn, 1847; educated at the
New Haven Collegiate and Commercial Inst., under
Rev. Josiah Clark at Northampton, Mass., Lawrence
Academy, Groton, Mass., and Yale, Class of i86g:
pursued his legal studies at the Yale and Columbia Law
Schools : practised his profession in New Haven from
1872 to the present time ; Instructor on Municipal Law
in the Law Department of Yale, i8g2.

TALCO IT HUNTINGTON RUSSELL, LL.B.,
Instructor in the Law School of Yale, was
born in New Haven, Connecticut, March 14, 1847.
son of William Huntington and Mary Elizabeth
(Hubbard) Russell. From the New Haven Col-
legiate Institute he went to Northampton, Massa-
chusetts, where he studied a year under the Rev.
Josiah Clark, and he attended the Lawrence .Acad-

546

UNI I'ERS [TIES AND TIlElli SONS

emy, Groton, that state l^ir llit- same length of
time. His College training was acquired at Yale,
where he took his liachelor's degree in 1869, and
he pursued his legal preparations in the Law

TALCOIT H. RUSSELL

Departments of Yale and Columbia, receiving the
degree of Bachelor of Laws from the latter in 1871.
After his admission to the Bar (1872), he established
himself as a general practitioner in New Haven, and
has ever since been prominently identified with the
legal profession of that city. Mr. Russell was called
to the Faculty of Yale to the position of Instructor
on Municipal Corporations in the Law Department
in 1892. In politics Mr. Russell acted with the
Republican party prior to 1884, in which year he
joined the independent movement, and is now a
Democrat. He is a member of the Graduates
Club, of New Haven, and the University Club, of
New York. On December 10, 1889, he married
Geraldine Whittemore Low, and has two sons :
Philip Gray and William Low Russell.

CHAMBERLAIN, Daniel Henry, 1835-

Born in West Brookfield, Mass., 1835; graduated at
Yale, 1862; and Harvard Law School, 1863; served in
the Civil War as officer in a colored regiment; dele-
gate to the Constitutional Convention, 1868 ; elected
Attorney-General of South Carolina the same year;

Governor of that State, 1875-1876 ; resumed the practice
of Law in New York City in 1877; Lecturer at Cornell
Law School, 1888-1897; Lecturer at the Yale Law
School, 1892-1893.

ANIKL HENRY CHAMBERLAIN, LL.D.,

formerly Lecturer in the Law Departments
of Yale and Cornell, was born in West Brookfield,
Massachusetts, June 23, 1S35. After graduating
from Yale, Class of 1862, he attended the Harvard
Law School and comjileted his course there in
1863. In the following year lie enlisted as a Lieu-
tenant in the Fifth Massachusetts Cavalry (colored),
and was subsequently promoted to the rank of
Captain. He became a planter in South Carolina
in 1866; attended the Constitutional Convention
as a delegate in 1868; was Attorney-General from
1S68 to 1872, and Governor of that state during
the years 1875-1S76, which were jirobably among
the most exciting years of the re-construction period.
In 1877 Governor Chamberlain removed to New
York City, where he practised his profession for the
next twenty years, and at the expiration of that time
lie retire?! to a farm in his native town. From 18S8
to 1897 he was Lecturer on Constitutional Law at

D. H. CHAMBERLAIN

the Cornell Law School. In 1892-1893 he lectured
on Municipal Law at the Yale Law School. The
University of South Carolina conferred upon him
the degree of Doctor of Laws in 1873.

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

547

CRAVEN, Elijah Richardson, 1824-

Born in Washington, D. C, 1824 ; fitted for College
in the Academy of the Rev. James McVean at Wash-
ington, D. C, and in the school of George Abbott;
graduated Princeton, 1842; read law in the office of
Richard S. Coxe, Washington from 1842 ; Princeton
Theological Seminary, 1844-48 ; Tutor in Mathematics,
Princeton, 1847-49; licensed to preach, 1847; Pastor of
the Second Reformed Dutch Church of Somerville, N.
J, 1850; Pastor of the Third Presbyterian Church of
Newark, N. J., 1854; Secretary of the Presbyterian
Board of Publication and Sabbath School ^Wo^k, 1887-

ELIJAH RICHARDSON CRAVEN, D.D.,
LL.l)., Trustee of Princeton, was born in
Washinston, i:)istrict of Columbia, March 28, 1824,

E. R. CRAVEN

son of I'^lijah Richardson Craven, M.D., and Sarah
Eccleston (Landreth) Craven. On the paternal
side he is of EngHsh extraction, his father, who was
a grad\iate of the College of New Jersey in the
Class of 1815, being a direct descendant of I'homas
Craven, who was born in London and came to
America in 1728. He was of Scotch descent on
the maternal side. His mother's fiither was John
Landreth, a native of Scotland, who migrated to
America in 1788. He began liis preparation for
College in 1833 in the .Academy of the Rev. James
McVean, at (Georgetown) Washington, District of
Coknnbia. In 1S37 he entered the school of
George Abbott, and remained mitil 1841). He en-

tered Princeton as a Sophomore half advanced, in
the spring of 1840, and graduated in 1842. He
then became a law stuilent in the office of Richard
S. Coxe, Esq., of Washington, District of Colinnbia,
wliere he remained until 1844, wlien lie entered
Princeton Theological Seminary completing liis
studies in 1848. In 1847 wiiile connected with
the Seminary, he was appointed 'I'ntor of .Mathe-
matics in Princeton College, and continued in that
position until 1849. He was licensed to i)reach by
the Presbytery of Haltimore, November 16, 1S47,
and on February 27, 1850, was ordained and in-
stalled Pastor of the Second Reformed Dutch
Church of Somerville, New Jersey. Four years
later he became Pastor of the Third Presbyterian
Church of Newark, New Jersey. Since 1887 he
has been Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of
Publication and Sabbath School Work. During the
years 1859 to 1890 he has held various Ecclesi-
astical offices. He became a 'I'rustee in the Col-
lege of New Jersey in 1S59 ; Director of Princeton
Theological Seminary in 1865 ; Director of the
German Theological School of Newark, New Jersey
in 1873 ; Chairman of the Committee on the Revi-
sion of the Pooks of Discipline of the Presbyterian
Church in the United States' of America, 1880-
1883; Moderator of the Cleneral Assembly of the
Presbyterian Church in the United States of Amer-
ica, in 18S5 ; and President of the Hoard of
Directors of the German Theological School of
Newark, New Jersey in 1890. He received the
degree of Master of Arts from Princeton in 1845.
that of Doctor of i)ivinity from the same College
in 1859, and the degree of Doctor of Laws from
Lafayette College in 1890. He has been twice
married. His first wife was Hannah Tingey San-
derson, to whom he was married, March 24, 1852.
By this union were six children, three of whom
survive : Margaretta Tingey, John I'xcleston, a
Lieutenant in the Lhiited States Navy, and Charles
Edmiston Craven, a clergyman and a graduate of
Princeton College in 1881 and of Princeton Semi-
nary in 1886. His second marriage was Januar\-
15, 1S67, to Elizabeth Gertrude Moore. They have
liail two cliildren, only one of whom is living :
Evelina Craven.

DAHLGREN, Ulric, 1870-

Born in Brooklyn, N. Y., 1870; received his early
education in John Lockwood's School in Brooklyn, the
Model School of Trenton, N. J., and the Mount Pleas-
ant Military Academy at Sing Sing, N. Y. ; graduated

548

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

from Princeton with the degree of Bachelor of Arts, in
the Class of 1894 ; Assistant in Histology and Embry-
ology in Princeton 1894-96; received the degree of
M.S. from Princeton in 1896 ; was Instructor in Zoology
in Marine Biological Laboratory, Wood's Holl, Mass.,
during the summers of 1896-98 ; appointed Assistant
Director of Marine Biological Laboratory, 1899; ap-
pointed Instructor in Histology in Princeton, 1897,
Assistant Professor of Histology, 1899.

ULRIC DAHL(]REN, M.S., Assistant Pro-
fessor of Histology at Princeton, was born
in lirooklyn, New Yorlc, December 27, 1870, son
of Cliarles liimker and Augusta (Smith) Dahlgren.

ULRIC DAHLGREN

He is descended on tlie paternal side, from Bernard
Dahlgren, Swedish Consul to America, and his son,
John A. Dahlgren, Rear-.\dniiral in the United
States Navy ; on his mother's side from William
M. Barnet, Surgeon in the Continental Army. His
early education was acquired in John Lockwood's
School in Brooklyn, New York, in the Model
School of Trenton, New Jersey, and in the Mount
Pleasant Military Academy at Sing Sing, New York.
He graduated from Princeton with the degree of
Bachelor of Arts, in the Class of 1894, and that
year was appointed Assistant in Histology and
Embryology in the University. During the summer
of 1896-97 he was Instructor in Zoology in the
IMarine Biological Laboratory, Wood's Holl, Mas-

sachusetts, and in 1899 was .Ippointed Assistant
Director. In 1897 he was appointed Instructor
and in 1899 Assistant Professor of Histology at
Princeton. He has always taken an active interest
in science from his youth up. He is a member of
the Society of the Cincinnati of New Jersey, the
Philadelphia branch of the Loyal Legion, the Sons
of the Revolution, the Sons of the Wars of Minne-
sota and the Boston Society of Natural History
and the Society of American Naturalists. In poli-
tics he is a Republican. He was married Septem-
ber 3, 1896, to Emelie E. Kuprion. They have
one son, Ulric Dahlgren, Jr.

ELLIOTT, Edward Grahame, 1874-

Born in Murfreesboro, Tenn., 1874; early education
at a private school and at Webb Brothers' Preparatory
School at Bell Buckle, Tenn.; graduated from Prince-
ton, 1897; Instructor in Latin at the John C. Green
School of Science at Princeton, 1898.

EDWARD GRAHAME ELLIOTT, Instructor
in Latin at Princeton, was born in Mur-
freesboro, Tennessee, August 3, 1874, son of
William Yandel and Margaret Grahame (Johnston)
Elliott. From his sixth to his thirteenth year he
attended a private school, later spent four years at
Webb Brothers' Preparatory School at Bell Buckle,
Tennessee, and then entered Princeton, from which
he graduated in the Class of 1897. Since Septem-
ber 1898, he has been Instructor in Latin in the
John C. Green School of Science at Princeton. In
politics he is a Republican. He is a member of
the American Whig Society and of the Cap and
Gown Club.

HENRY, James Bayard, 1857-

Born in Philadelphia, 1857; fitted for College at
schools in Philadelphia ; graduated from Princeton in
the Class of 1876; read law with George Junkin, Esq.,
of Philadelphia ; has since been engaged in the prac-
tice of law in Philadelphia.

JAMES BAYARD HENRY, A.M., Trustee of
Princeton, was born in Philadelphia, January
i5i 1857, son of Thomas Charlton and Mary E.
(Jackson) Henry. His father, Thomas Charlton
Henry, and his grandfather, John Snowden Henry,
were Trustees of Princeton, as were also his great-
grandfather, Andrew Bayard (whose daughter Eliza-
beth married John Snowden Henry), and his
great-great-grandfather. Colonel John Bayard. Mr.

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

549

Henry was fitted for College in schools in Phila-
delphia, and graduated from Princeton in the
Class of 1876. Having decided to make the prac-
tice of law his profession, he became a law student
in the office of George Junkin, Esq. of Philadelphia,
and was admitted to the Bar in 1879. Mr. Henry
has held prominent offices, as Trustee and Director
of various charitable and business enterprises in
Philadelphia and Pennsylvania. He is a member of
the Rittenhouse, the Harrisburg, Germantown Clubs,
and the University Club of New York. He has
taken some interest in politics and is now a nieni-

^*2S?; *:

i:.,,

^j^nsmsxsia

J. BAYARD HENRY

ber of the Senate of Pennsylvania. Mr. Henry's
family, in its various branches, has been connected
with Princeton from its inception, and he has
proved himself to be one of his <7/ma maiei's
devoted sons, having given generously of his time,
money and energy for the promotion of the welfare
of Princeton. He became a Trustee in 1S96. He
married Miss Robeson in 1888, and has three
children : Howard H., Caroline M., and Snowden
Henry.

JOHNS, John, 1796-1876.

Born in Delaware, 1796; f;raduated at Princeton,
1815 ; ordained to the Episcopal Priesthood, 1820; As-
sistant Bishop of Virginia, 1842 ; Bishop, 1862 ; Trustee

of Princeton, 1840-43; President of William and Mary
College, 1849-54.

JOHN JOHNS, D.I)., LL.D., Trustee of Prince-
ton, was born in New Castle, Delaware, July
10, 1796. He was a son of Kensey Johns, for
thirty years Chief-Justice of the Delaware Supreme
Court. In 18 1 5 he graduated from Princeton,
entering the Episcopal Priesthood in 1820. Dur-
ing the next twenty-two years he held the Rector-
ship of two parishes. In 1842 he was consecrated
Assistant Bishop of Virginia, performing the duties
of co-adjutant for twenty years, succeeding Bishop
Meade as head of the Diocese in 1862. He con-
tinued in office until his death which occurred in
Fairfax county .'\pril 6, 1876. Bishop Johns received
his Master's degree in course while that of Doctor of
Divinity was conferred by Princeton in 1834, and he
was a Trustee of the College from 1840 to 1843.
He also received Divinity degrees from Columbia
and the University of the State of New York, and
that of Doctor of Laws in 1855 from William and
Mary College, of which he was President from 1849
to 1854. He was the author of a Memorial of
Bishop Meade.

MARTIN, Chalmers, 1859-

Born in Ashland, Ky., 1859; fitted for College at Dr.
John F. Pingry's School in Elizabeth, N. J. ; graduated
Princeton, Class of 1879; also graduated from Prince-
ton Theological Seminary in 1882 ; from 1882 to 1883
was George S. Green Fellow in Hebrew at the Semi-
nary; from 1883 to 1886 was Missionary of Presbyterian
Church in Laos country, northern Siam ; Pastor First
Presbyterian Church at Moorestown, N. J., from 1888 to
i8gi; from 1891 to 1892 Pastor First Presbyterian
Church at Port Henry, N. Y. ; since 1892 has been
Instructor in Old Testament Department, Princeton
Theological Seminary, and Instructor in Hebrew in
Princeton.

CHALMERS MARTIN, A.M., Instructor in
Hebrew in Princeton, was born in Ashland,
Kentucky, September 7, 1859, son of Edwin Wells and
Narcissa R. (McCurdy) Martin, both parents being of
Scotch-Irish stock. He began his classical educa-
tion at Columbia Classical Institute in Columbia,
Pennsylvania, and finished his preparation for
College at Dr. John F. Pingry's School in Eliza-
beth, New Jersey. After spending a year as a
teacher in this latter school he entered the College
of New Jersey, where he took the full .Academic
course, graduating in the Class of 1879. Having
decided to enter the ministry, lie spent the follow-
ing three years in Princeton Theological Seminary,
from which he graduated in 1882, remaining how-

550

UNIFRRSIl'IES ANT) THEIR SONS

ever, one year longer at the Seminary as George S.
C;reen Fellow in Hebrew. During the latter part
of this year he filled tlie position of tutor in Hebrew
in the absence of the regular Professor in that

cal beliefs are those of an Independent. He was

married September 25, 1883, to Lilian Allen, and
has four children : Ruth, Edwin .Allen. I )orothy and
Stuart McCurdy Martin.

CHALMERS MARTIN

department. In September 1SS3, he went abroad
as a missionary of the Presbyterian Church in Laos
country, in northern Siam, where he labored three
years. Owing to the failure of his health he then
returned to America, and in July 1888 was called
to be tlie first Pastor of the First Presbyterian
Church at Moorestown, New Jersey, a charge he
held until 1S91, when he became Pastor of the
First Presbyterian Church at Port Henry, New
York. In September 1892 he resigned this Pas-
torate to accept a call to Princeton as Instructor
in Old Testament Department in Princeton Theo-
logical Seminary and Instructor in Hebrew at the
LTniversity, a position he fills at the present time.
In 1893 Mr. Martin was nominated by the students
of the Seminary as Students' Lecturer on Missions
for the acadeiTiic year, 1 894-1 895. The lectures
delivered in response to this invitation were after-
wards published under the title of .Apostolic and
Modern Missions. Mr. Martin has been chosen
incumbent of the same Lectureship for tlie aca-
demic year 1899-1900. Mr. Martin is a member
of the Cliosophic society of Princeton. His politi-

SMITH, Isaac, 1736-1807.

Born in Trenton, N. J., 1736; graduated Princeton,
1755 ; Tutor Princeton, 1757-58 ; commander of a regi-
ment in the Revolutionary War ; Judge of the Supreme
Court of New Jersey, 1783-1801 ; Member of Congress,
1795; President of the Bank of Trenton; died, 1807.

ISAAC SMITH, A.M., Tutor at Princeton, was
born in Trenton, New Jersey, in 1736, gradu-
ated at Princeton in 1755, and taught as Tutor in
that College, 1757-1758. Mr. Smith also obtained
the degree of Master of Arts from Princeton, studied
medicine and was establishing himself in the practice
of that art when the Revolutionary War called pa-
triots to arms and he entered the military service in
command of a regiment. This was his entrance upon
public life. He was made Judge of the Supreme
Court of New Jersey in 1783, holding that position
until 1 80 1, meantime serving as Representative in
Congress, 1795-1797, and as Commissioner ap-
pointed by President Washington, 1797, to treat
with the Seneca Indians. At the time of his death,
August 29, 1807, he was President of the Bank of
Trenton, New Jersey.

MOFFAT, James Clement, 1811-1890.

Born in Scotland, 1811; graduated at Princeton in
1835 ; attended lectures at Yale two years ; Tutor at
Princeton, 1837-39; Professor of Latin and Greek at
Lafayette College till 1841; of Latin and Modern His-
tory at Miami University, Ohio, and of Greek and
Hebrew at the Cincinnati Theological Seminary till
1852 ; Professor of Latin and History at Princeton till
1854; of Greek Language and Literature there till 1877;
and of Church History at the Princeton Theological
Seminary ; died, 1890.

JAMES CLEMENT MOFFAT, D.D., Professor
of Greek at Princeton, was born in Glencree,
Gallowayshire, Scotland, May 30, 181 1. Having
acquired a good education and learned the printer's
trade, he came to the United States in 1832, and
finding himself prepared to enter the Junior Class
at Princeton, he did so at the urgent advice of Pro-
fessor McLean, taking his Bachelor's degree in 1835.
Supplementing his studies by attending lectures at
Yale for two years, he took a Tutorship at Princeton,
and in 1839 accepted the Chair of Latin and Greek
at Lafayette College, remaining there until 1841,

UNIl'ERShriES ./Nl) fV/AVA' SONS

55'

when 1r- went to Miami University as rrofessor of
Latin and Modern History. He subsequently held
tlie Professorship of (Ireek and Hebrew at the Theo-
logical Seminary, Cincinnati, Ohio, which he re-
linquished in 1852 for that of Latin and History at
Princeton, and two years later was given the Chair
of Greek Language and Literature, which he retained
until 1S77. He was also Professor of Church His-
tory at the Princeton Theological Seminary for a
number of years. He died in 1890. He published
numerous works upon religious and educational sub-
jects, and was also the author of .Mwyn, A Romance
of Study ; A Rhyme of the North Countrie ; Life of
Dr. Thomas Chalmers ; Songs and Scenery of a
Summer Ramble in Scotland ; and The Story of a
Dedicated Life. His son Edward Stewart Moffat
(Piinceton 1863), is a well-known expert mining
enirineer.

McCOSH, James, 1811-1894.

Born in Ayrshire, Scotland, 1811 ; studied at the
Universities of Glasgow and Edinburgh; ordained to
the ministry, 1835; assisted in organizing the Free
Church of Scotland, 1843 ; held Pastorates in Scotland
about seventeen years; Professor of Logic and Meta-
physics at Queen's College, Belfast, Ireland, sixteen
years; President of Princeton, 1868-88; distinguished
as an educator, executive and metaphysical writer ;
died, 1894.

JAMES McCOSH, LL.D., S.T.D., Litt.D., Pres-
ident of Princeton, was born in Carskeoch,
Ayrshire, Scotland, April i, iSii. From 1824 to
1829 he was a student at the University of Glas-
gow, and the succeeding five years were spent at
the Edinburgh University, where an essay on the
Stoic Philosophy won for him the honorary degree
of I\Laster of Arts in 1835, the year of his ordina-
tion to the ministry, and from Arbroath, the scene
of his first Pastorate, he was called to the church at
Brechin in 1839. His activity in organizing the
Free Church of Scotland in 1843 brought him intcj
prominence among Presbyterian theologians, and a
product of his pen entitled Method of the Divine
Government, Physical and Moral, which was widely
read throughout Great Britain and the United States,
secured for him the Chair of Logic and Metaphy-
sics at Queen's College, Belfast, to which he was
appointed by the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, Earl
Clarendon, who having casually glanced at the book
on Sunday morning, became so deeply interested in
it that he forgot to attend divine service. During
his sixteen years' membership of that Faculty his

scholarship and activity were the means of largely
increasing the attendance, and by energetically de-
fending tiie national educational system of Ireland,
he succeeded in reviving a general interest in the
higiier fields of learning. In 1S6S the Corporation
of Princeton, as on several previous occasions, turned
to the Mother Church of Scotland for a President,
and the selection of Professor McCosli being unani-
mously approved, he was induced to accept that
office, the duties and responsibilities of which were
ably and faithfully borne by the sturdy Scotch phil-
osopher for a period of twenty years, or until the

JAMES McCOSH

infirmities of oUl age so impeded his activity, as to
necessitate liis retirement from the chair. He,
however, insisted u|ion retaining llic Professorship
of Philosophy and the Corporation fittingly con-
tinued his salary as President Emeritus. The
large increase in the average attendance, the addi-
tion of twenty-four Professors and the numerous
other progressive measures instituted and accom-
plished under his administration, together with a
more extended account of his services to I'rinceton,
will be found in the section of the first volume of
this work devoted to the history of that L'niversity.
Besides the degree of Master of Arts previously
mentioned, he received that of Doctor of Laws from
the LTniversity of Aberdeen in T850; was honored

55^

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

with the same degree by Harvard, Washington and
Jefferson, and Queen's (Ireland), all in i86S; was
made a Doctor of Divinity by Brown in the same
year and Doctor of Literature by Queen's in 1882.
President McCosh died in Trinceton, November 16,
1894. He was a member of the American Acad-
emy of Arts and Sciences, and the American Philo-
sophical Society. As a writer upon theological,
metaphysical and philosophical subjects he is proba-
bly peerless among his contemporaries, and omitting
his numerous magazine articles and contributions to
the reviews, he was the author of upward of twenty
notable works which possess the requirements to
become standard.

he was the author of several notable works upon
legal and historical subjects. Leon Matile, a son of
the late Professor, is a commissioned officer in the
United States Army.

MATILE, George Augustus, 1807-1881.

Born in Switzerland, 1807; educated in the Colleges
of Neuchatel and Berne; studied law in Berlin, Hei-
delberg and Paris; admitted to the Bar, 1830; Pro-
fessor at the University of Neuchatel; served as
Legislator and Judge; came to the U. S. in 1849: Pro-
fessor of History at Princeton, 1855-58 and in the latter
year took the Chair of French Literature at the Uni-
versity of Pennsylvania ; subsequently held various
government positions including that of Translator in
the Interior Department; died, 1881.

Gi:ORGE AUGUSTUS MATILE, LL.D., Pro-
fessor of History at Princeton, was born
in l.a Chaux-de-Fonds, Neuchatel, Switzerlaml,
May 30, iSii. Having obtained a good classical
education at the- Colleges of Neuchatel and Berne,
he studied law at the Universities of Berlin, and
Heidelberg and in Paris, and was admitted to prac-
tice in the Swiss courts in 1S30. In 1S3S he was
appointed Professor of Roman Law at the LTniver-
sity of Neuchatel. He served for some years in
the Cantonal Legislature, and also as Judge of the
Supreme Court, but circumstances of a political
nature exiled him from his native land, and in
1849 he took refuge in the United States. From
1855 to 1858 he was Professor of History at
Princeton, during which time he became a natural-
ized American citizen, and from 1858 to 1863 he
occupied the Chair of French Literature at the
University of Pennsylvania. The last eighteen
years of his life were devoted to the government
service, and at the time of his death, which occurred
in Washington, District of Columbia, February 6,
1 88 1, he was an official translator in the Interior
Department. Professor Matile ably refuted with his
pen the assertions of some eminent scholars that
religion and science were conflicting elements, and

Mcllvaine, Joshua Hall, 1815-1897.

Born in Lewes, Del , 1815 ; graduated at Princeton in
1837; Pastor in Little Falls, Utica and Rochester, N.
Y.; Professor of Belles-lettres at Princeton and of
Rhetoric and English; Pastor at Newark, N. J.; mem-
ber of the American Oriental Society; founder of the
Evelyn College for Girls at Princeton; received the
D.D. degree from the University of Rochester, N. Y.

JOSHUA HALL McILVAINE, D.D., Professor
in Princeton, was born in Lewes, Delaware,
March 4, 18 15, and was graduated at Princeton in
1837. After a course at the Princeton Theological
Seminary he was Pastor successively of Presbyterian
churches in Little Falls, Utica, and Rochester, New
York. In i860 he became Professor of Belles-
lettres in Princeton, and later assumed the Chair of
Rhetoric and I^nglish. From 1870 to 1874 he was
Pastor of the High-Street Church in Newark, New
Jersey. Dr. Mcllvaine in 1859 delivered a course
of lectures before the Smithsonian Institution at
Washington on Comparative Philology in Relation
to Ethnology, including an analysis of the structure
of the Sanskrit language and the process of deci-
phering cuneiform inscriptions; and in 1869 he de-
livered a course on Social Science in Philadelphia
under the auspices of the University of Pennsyl-
vania. He was for many years an active and influ-
ential member of the American Oriental Society.
He was also the founder in 1887 of the Evelyn
College for girls, at Princeton, of which he became
President. Dr. Mcllvaine received the degree of
Doctor of Divinity from the University of Roches-
ter, New York, in 1854. He died January 29, 1897.
Among his published works were : The Tree of
the Knowledge of Good and Evil ; Elocution — the
Sources and Elements of its Power ; The Wisdom
of Holy Scripture, with Reference to Sceptical
Objections ; The Wisdom of the Apocalypse, and
various religious and scientific articles.

RICHARDS, James, 1767-1843.

Born in New Canaan, Conn., 1767; studied at Yale,
1789; licensed to preach, 1793 ; with First Presbyterian
Church of Morristown, New Jersey, 1794-1809; Pastor
of the Presbyterian Church of Newark, New Jersey,
1809; Professor of Theology at Auburn, 1823 to the

UNIVERSITIES AND TIIKIR SONS

553

time of his death; Trustee of Princeton, 1807-24; re-
ceived degrees of Bachelor of Arts, honorary, Yale,
1794; A.M., Princeton, 1801 ; D.D., Yale and Union,
1815 ; died in Auburn, N. Y., 1843.

JAMES RICHARDS, D.D., Trustee of Princeton,
was born in New Canaan, Connecticut, Octo-
ber 29, 1767, a descendant of Welsh settlers in that
state. He studied for a time at Vale, but completed
his academic and theological course under Dr. lim-
othy Dwight at Greenfield, Connecticut, and was
licensed to preach in 1793. His ministry with
Presbyterian churches in Morristown and Newark,
New Jersey, occupied him to 1823, in which year
he became Professor of Theology in Auburn Theo-
logical Seminary, which Chair he held until his
death August 2, 1S43. He was a Trustee of Prince-
ton, 1807 to 1824, from which University he re-
ceived the degree of Master of Arts. Yale conferred
the honorary degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1794,
and that of Doctor of Divinity at the same time with
Union, in 181 5.

City, 1870: benefactor of Princeton and Trustee. 1833-
57; LL.D. Princeton and Columbia, 1867; died, 1880.

R(Ji'.i;i\r l.i:NOX, Trustee of Princeton, was
of Scotch birth. He accumulated a princely
fortune as a merchant in the C'ity of New York, and
was actively interested in the welfare of Princeton.
From 1813 to the time of his death in 1839, he was
a member of the Board of Trustees. His son,
James Lenox, LL.D., was born in New York City,
August 19, 1800, and graduated at Columbia in the
Class of 1818, taking the degree of Master of Arts
in 1S21, in which year Princeton also conferred

RALSTON, Robert, 1761-1836.

Born in Little Brandywine, Penn., 1761 : merchant in
the East Indian trade ; founder of the Philadelphia
Bible Society ; President of the Board of Education of
the Presbyterian Church, i8ig ; died. 1836.

ROBERT RALSTON, Trustee of Princeton, was
born in Little Brandywine, Pennsylvania, in
i76i,andatan early age engaged in commercial
pursuits, later devoting his energies to trade with the
East Indies, in which he was highly successful, amass-
ing a large fortune. The wealth thus accumulated
he used with great liberality and discretion in the aid
of benevolent and educational enterprises. The
^^'idows' and Orphans' .'\sylum and the Mariners'
Church, in Philadelphia, were established largely
through his generosity. He founded the Philadel-
phia Bible Society, the first enterprise of this sort in
America, and was chosen the first President of the
Board of Education of the Presbyterian Church.
He served as Trustee of Princeton, 1815-1819, and
his death occurred in Philadelphia, August 11, 1836.

LENOX, Robert,

-1839.

Born in Scotland; merchant in New York City,
where he acquired a large fortune; Trustee of Prince-
ton, 1813-39; died, 1839. His son, James, born in New
York, 1800; graduated Columbia, 1818; A.M. Prince-
ton, 1821 ; founder of the Lenox Library, New York

ROBERT l.ENOX

upon him the same degree. The Lenox Library
was founded by him in 1870. The large fortune
which he inherited from his father, had enabled
him to make a valuable private collection of rare
books, manuscripts, paintings, engravings, busts,
statues, mosaics and curios, the gathering of which
consumed nearly half a century. These he pre-
sented to the City of New York, together with a
substantial fire-proof building for their safe-keep-
ing, the collection, land, structure and endowment,
representing the sum of ^2,000,000. James Lenox
inherited not only his father's wealth, but also his
devotion to the Presbyterian church, and the various
institutions connected with it. His contributions to
religious and educational objects included large gifts

554

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

to Princeton College, its Theological Seminary, and
the American Bible Society, of which last he was
President for some years. He served as Trustee of
Princeton from 1833 to 1857, when he resigned the
position. In 1867 he received the degree of Doctor
of Laws from Princeton and from Columbia. He
died in the City of New York, February 17, 1880.

ROMEYN, John Brodhead, 1777-1825.

Born in Marbleton, N. Y., 1777 ; graduated Columbia
1795; Pastor of Reformed Dutch Church in Rhinebeck,
N. Y., 1799, Presbyterian Church in Schenectady, 1803,
Cedar Street Church, New York City, 1807 to the time
of his death ; one of the founders of Princeton Theo-
logical Seminary, and Trustee of Princeton, 1809-25;
Trustee Columbia, 1809-25 ; D.D., Princeton, 1809; died
in New York City, 1825.

JOHN BRODHEAD ROMEYN, D.D., Trustee
of Princeton, was born in Marbleton, Ulster
county. New York, November S, 1777, graduated
at Columbia in 1795, and in 1798 was licensed to
preach. His first Pastorate was that of the Dutch
Reformed Church in Rhinebeck, New York, and
his last that of the Cedar Street Church in New
York City, which he held from 1807 until his death,
which occurred February 22, 1825. He was one of
the most popular preachers of his day and a theo-
logian of liigh repute, having held the position of
Moderator of the General Assembly of the Presby-
terian Church at the age of thirty-three. He was
one of the founders of the Princeton Theological Sem-
inary, and Trustee of both Princeton and Columbia
from 1809 as long as he lived. Union College gave
him the degree of Master of Arts in i 797 and Prince-
ton that of Doctor of Divinity in 1809.

Franklin and Joan Elizabeth (Blake) McClure.
He attended school in Boston and Cambridge, Mas-
sachusetts, and in Exeter, New Hampshire, in his
early youth, and graduated from Princeton in the
Class of 1888. The year immediately following his
graduation (1888-1889) ^^ ^^^s Fellow in Biology
at Princeton. He then pursued a graduate course
as student in the New York College of Physicians
and Surgeons, from 1889 to 1890. In 1891 he was
appointed Instructor in Biology at Princeton, holding
that position until 1895, when he was promoted to
be Assistant Professor of Biology, his present posi-

CHARLES F. W. McCLURE

McCLURE, Charles Freeman Williams,
1865-

Born in Cambridge, Mass., 1865 ; attended schools in
Boston, Cambridge, Mass., and Exeter, N. H.; grad-
uated from Princeton, 1888; Fellow in Biology at
Princeton, 1888-89; graduate student in College of
Physicians and Surgeons, N. Y. City, 1889-90; Instructor
in Biology at Princeton, 1891-95; Assistant Professor
of Biology in Princeton since 1895; degree of A.M.,
from Princeton, 1892; studied in Berlin in 1892. in
Kiel in 1895, and in Wurzburg in 1897

CHARLES FREEMAN WILLIAMS Mc-
CLURE, A.M., Assistant Professor of Bi-
ology at Princeton, was born in Cambridge,
Massachusetts, March 6, 1865, son of Charles

tion in Princeton. Parts of the years 1892, 1895
and 1897 Professor McClure spent in Europe, study-
ing in Berlin in 1892, in Kiel in 1S95 and in Wiirz-
burg in 1S97. He received the degree of Master
of Arts from Princeton in 1892. Professor McClure
is a member of the Omega Society of the College
of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City, of the
Ivy and Nassau Clubs of Princeton and the Uni-
versity Club of New York.

SMITH, Jonathan Bayard, 1742-1812.

Born in Philadelphia, Penn., 1742; graduated Prince-
ton, 1760; Secretary of Committee of Safety, 1775;
delegate to Continental Congress, 1777-78 ; many years

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

555

on the Bench : Alderman of the City of Philadelphia,
1792; Auditor-General of the State of Pennsylvania,
1794; Trustee University of Pennsylvania 177910 time
of his death; Trustee of Princeton, 1779-1808; died,
1812.

JONATHAN BAVARD SMITH, Trustee of
Princeton, was born in riiiladelphia, February
21, 1742. His father Samuel, a native of Portsmouth,
New Hampshire, was a prosperous merchant in Phil-
adelphia, and the son after graduating at Princeton in
1760, devoted himself to mercantile pursuits. He
early espoused the cause of independence, was chosen
Secretary of the Committee of Safety in 1775, and
twice elected 1777 and 1778 a delegate to the Con-
tinental Congress. His public services included
many years upon the bench as Justice of Common
Pleas and other courts, as Alderman of the City of
Philadelphia, and as Auditor-General of the State of
Pennsylvania. In 1779 he was one of the founders
of the University of the State of Pennsylvania, and
a member of the first Board of Trustees, a position
which he held until his death, continuing by re-
election as Trustee of the University of Pennsylvania
after the consolidation. From 1779 to iSoS he was
also a Trustee of Princeton. He died in Philadel-
phia, June 16, 181 2.

SOUTHARD, Samuel Lewis, 1787-1842.

Born in Baskingridge, N. J., 1787; graduated Prince-
ton, 1804; appointed Law Reporter, 1814 ; Associate
Justice Supreme Court of New Jersey, 1815 ; Presiden-
tial Elector, 1820; U. S. Senator from New Jersey,
1821-23 and again 1833 42, being President of the Senate,
1841 ; Secretary of the Navy, 1823-29 ; Acting Secretary
of the Treasury and Secretary of War in 1825; Attor-
ney-General of New Jersey, 1829; Governor, 1832;
Trustee of Princeton, 1822 to time of his death ; LL.D.,
University of Pennsylvania, 1833 ; died, 1842.

SAMUEL LEWIS SOUTHARD, LL.D., Trustee
of Princeton, was born in Baskingridge, New
Jersey, June 9, 1787, graduated at Princeton in
1804, and after a few years passed in teaching,
studied law and settled in the practice of his pro-
fession at Flemington in his native state. His first
appointment to public service was th.it of 1 -aw Re-
porter, by the Legislature in 1814, and the following
year he was elevated to the Bench as Associate Jus-
tice of the Supreme Court of New Jersey. Entering
politics he was chosen a Presidential Elector in 1820,
and was appointed United States Senator in 1821 to
serve the unexpired term of James J. Wilson, who
resigned. At the expiration of his term as Senator

he was made Secretary of the Navy in the Cabinet
(if President Monroe, holding the same Portfolio
imder President John (^)uin(-y .\dams. \\'hile he
was a member of the C'abinet, he also, in 1825,
served several months as .Acting Secretary of the
Treasury and of War. In 1829 he was elected
.\ttorney-General of New Jersey and in 1832 Gov-
ernor of the State, being chosen to his earlier position
of ignited States Senator again in 1833, which seat
he held for nine years, resigning in 1842, one month
before his death. The accession of John Tyler to
the Presidency on the death of President Harrison

SAMUEL L. SOUTHARD

in 1 84 1, elevated Senator Southard to the Chair of
presiding officer of that body, which he filled for
two years. Mr. Southard received the degree of
Doctor of Laws from the University of Pennsylvania
in 1833, and became Trustee of Princeton in 1822,
continuing in that office until his death, in Frede-
ricksburg, Virginia, June 26, 1842.

VAN RENSSELAER, Cortlandt, 1808-
i86o.

Born in Albany, N. Y , 1808: graduated Yale, 1827;
studied at Union and Princeton Theological Semi-
naries; missionary to the slaves in Virginia, 1833-35;
Pastor in Burlington, N. J., and Washington, D. C,

55(

UNIVERSITIES JND THEIR SONS

1837 ; Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Educa-
tion, 1846-60; D.D., University of New York, 1845;
Trustee of Princeton. 1845-60; died, i860.

GORTL-ANDT VAN RENSSELAER, D.D.,
Trustee of Princeton, was born in Albany,
New York, May 26, 1808, and graduated at Yale
1827. After studying at the Union Theological
Seminary, Virginia, and at the Princeton Seminar)',
he went as a Missionary to the slaves in Virginia
in 1833, laboring in that field until 1835 ; in which
year he was ordained, and shortly after was called
to the Pastorate of a Presbyterian Church in Burl-
ington, New Jersey. His next charge was the

CORTL.\N'DT V.AN RENSSELAER

Second Presbyterian Church in Washington, Dis-
trict of Columbia, which he assumed in 1841.
During his Pastorate at ^Vashington, he was made
Agent for the Princeton Theological Seminary and
raised Si 00,000 for its endowment. He was
Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Education
for a number of years before his death, and was the
founder and Editor of the Presbyterian Magazine.
From his large private fortune he gave liberally to
benevolent and religious enterprises. The degree
of Doctor of Divinity was conferred upon him by
the University of New York in TS45, and he was a
Trustee of Princeton from 1S45 to his deatli, in

SPENCER, Elihu, 1721-1784.

Born in East Haddam, Conn., 1721 ; graduated Yale.
1746; Pastor of the Presbyterian Church in Ehzabeth.
N. J., 1750-56; of church in Jamaica, L. I.. 1756-58; of
church in Trenton, N. J.. 1769 until his death ; Trustee
of Princeton, 1752; D.D., University of Pennsylvania,
1782 ; died, 1784.

ELIHU SPENCER, D.D., Trustee of Prince-
ton, was born in East Haddam, Connecticut,
February 12, 1721, and graduated at Yale, in the
Class of I 746, receiving later the degree of Master
of Arts from that College. His early purpose was
to become a missionary to the Indians, and to that
end he prepared himself by study under the Rev.
John Brainerd and Jonathan Edwards. But after
preaching for a time in western New York, he
accepted the Pastorate of the Presbyterian Church
in Elizabeth, New Jersey, then in 1756 at Jamaica,
Long Island, and finally at Trenton, New Jersey,
where he remained for the rest of his life. He was
Chaplain to the New York troops forming in 1758
for the French War, and in i 764 he was sent on an
organizing mission to the irregular congregations of
North Carolina. The University of Pennsylvania
gave him the degree of Doctor of Divinity in 1782,
and he was a Trustee of Princeton from 1752 until
his death, which occurred in Trenton, December
27, 1784.

Burlington, New Jersey, July

i86o.

WELLING, James Clarke, 1825-1894.

Bom in Trenton. N. J., 1825 ; graduated Princeton
1844; Associate Principal New York Collegiate School
1848; Literary Editor, National Intelligencer, \Vash-
ington, D. C. 1850; Chief-Editor, 1856-65; President
St. John's College, Annapolis, Md., 1867; Professor of
Belles-lettres, Princeton, 1870; President of Columbian
University, District of Columbia, 1871 ; Regent of
Smithsonian Institution, 1884; died, 1894.

JAMES CLARKE WELLING, LL.D., Professor
of Belles-lettres and English Language and
Literature at Princeton, was born in Trenton, New
Jersey, July 14, 1825, and graduated at Princeton
in 1844. He did not enter upon the practice of
law, for which he studied, but after a connection of
two years with the New York Collegiate School
as Associate Principal, he accepted the position of
Literary Editor on the National Intelligencer at
Washington, conducted by Joseph Gales and Wil-
liam W. Seaton. He was subsequently in 1856,
intrusted with the chief management of that journal,
his Editorship covering the period of the Civil War.
He retired from journalism in 1865, and two years

UNU'ERSITIES AND TllElli SONS

557

later accepted the Presidency of St. John's College
at Annapolis, Maryland. In 1870 he was called to
Princeton to the Chair of Belles-lettres, but in 1871
resigned that posiriou to become President of Co-
lumbian College, at Washington, from which in
1868 heh.ad received the degree of Doctor of Laws.
Dr. Welling was for many years President of tiie
Board of Trustees of the Corcoran Gallery of Art,
in 1884 was appointed a Regent of the Smithsonian
Institution, and made Chairman of its Executive
Committee, and in the same year was elected Pres-
ident of the Philosophical Society of Washington.

JAMES C. WELLING

His connection with these and other literary, his-
torical and scientific societies continued to the time
of his death in 1S94.

BLOOMFIELD, Joseph,

-1823.

Born in Woodbridge, N. J. ; rose to the rank of
Major in the Revolutionary War : served as Brigadier-
General in the War of 1812-1815; was Attorney-Gen-
eral of New Jersey; Governor of the state; member
of Congress; a Trustee of Princeton; died in Burl-
ington, 1823.

JOSEPH BLOOMFIELD, Trustee of Princeton,
was a native of Woodbridge, New Jersey. At
the breaking out o{ hostilities between the Colonists

and the Mother Country in 1775, he was a law stu-
dent and relinquished liis studies for tlie purpose of
uUering tlie .American army, in 1776 he received
a Captain's commission in the Third New Jersey
Regiment imder Colonel Dayton, ser\-ed with dis-
tinction until the clusc of the War and was mustered
out as a M.ajor. Having completed his legal prepara-
tions he was admitted to the Bar and after a success-
ful private practice of some years in Burlington, New
Jersey, was elected Attorney-( General of the State.
He was twice elected Governor serving as such for
the years tSoi and 1812; commanded a brigade
during the second war with Great Britain, and was
a member of Congress from iSi 7 to 182 1. In 1 793
he was appointed a Trustee of Princeton and during
his eight years' membership of the Board he dis-
played an earnest desire to promote the welfare
of that institution. Governor Bloomfield died in
Burlington, October 3, 1823.

SLACK, Elijah, 1774-1866.

Born in Lower Wakefield, Penn., 1774: graduated at
Princeton, 1808; Principal of Trenton Academy; Vice-
President of Princeton and Professor of Chemistry
and Natural Philosophy; Supt. of the Literary and
Scientific Institute at Cincinnati, Ohio ; President of
the Cincinnati College; Professor in the Ohio Medical
College where he received the M.D. degree; received
the LL.D. degree from Princeton. 1863 ; died in Cin-
cinnati, Ohio, 1866.

ELIJAH SL.\CK, M.D., LL.D., Vice-President
of Princeton, was born in Lower Wakefield,
Pennsylvania, Novetnber 24, 1774. He graduated
from Princeton in 1808 and at once became Prin-
cipal of Trenton Academy, in the ineantime pursu-
ing his studies for the ministry, to which he was
ordained by the New Brunswick Presbytery in 181 1.
In 181 2 he left Trenton to become Vice-President
of Princeton, and Professor of Chemistry and Natural
Philosophy. He rendered excellent service to liis
n///ia mater until he was sumntoned to Cincinnati,
Ohio, to become Superintendent of its Literary and
Scientific Institute. .'\t the establishment of the
Cincinnati College in 1819 he became its President,
and held the office for nine years. He was also
Professor for a time in Ohio Medical College, where
he received the degree of Doctor of Medicine.
Princeton made him a Doctor of Laws in 1863.
In 1837 he opened a high school at Brownsville,
Tennessee, and achieved a considerable success,
returning in 1844 to Cincinnati, where he died
May 29, 1866.

UNlFERSiriES AND riJRIR SONS

WEIL, Robert, 1866-

Born in New York City, 1866; fitted for College at
private schools; A.B., Columbia School of Arts, 1885;
A.M., School of Political Science, 1886; Ph.D., (cum
laude) 1888; LL.B,, Columbia Law School (cum laude)
1891 ; admitted to the New York Bar, 1890, and has
practised law there since that time.

ROBERT WEIL, Ph.D., LL.B., Seligman Fel-
low at Columbia, was born in the City of
New York, November 26, 1S66, being the eldest
son of Leopold and Matilda Tanzer Weil. He re-
ceived his early education at a private school
conducted by his mother in New York, and later
attended the preparatory school of Dr. J. Sachs.
Entering the School of Arts of Columbia in 1S81,
he took the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1885.
He pursued post-graduate studies, principally in po-
litical science, during the next three years, receiving
the degree of Master of .\rts in 1886, and that of Doc-
tor of Philosophy, ciiiii Initde in 1888. Deciding to
follow the legal profession, he took up the study of law
in the Law School of the University, and in 1891
was graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Laws
cum Idiulc. He was admitted to the New York Bar
in 1S90 while still at law school, and has practised
law in that city since that date. In 1S94 he formed
a partnership with AVright Holcomb and Daniel F.
Martin. A year later Mr. Holcomb retired from the
firm, which has since continued under the name of
I\Iartin & Weil. He is a member of the Association
of the Bar of the City of New York, and his political
convictions are Republican, though the work at-
tendant upon the management of a large law practice
has left him no time for the duties of active political
life. He married, October 21, 1S96, Leah Adela
Piza of New York City. They have two children :
Anna Piza, and Dorothy Piza Weil.

GREENLEAF, James Leal, 1857-

Born in Kortright, N, Y., 1857 ; fitted for College
privately; C.E,, scientific course of Columbia, 1880;
special agent, Tenth United States census, to investi-
gate the water power of the country, 1880-82; Assistant
in Engineering Department of Columbia. 1882; passed
through all the grades, finally reaching the position of
Adjunct Professor; resigned in 1894 to devote his time
exclusively to private practice.

JAMES LEAL GREENLEAF, C.E., Adjunct
Professor of Civil Engineering at Columbia,
was born in the village of Kortright, Delaware
county. New York, July 30, 1857. Through his father,

Thomas Greenleaf, he was of Huguenot descent,
though the family have been in America for five or
six generations. His mother, Eleanor Leal, came
of Scotch and Dutch ancestry. He was educated
as a boy at private schools in New York City, and
also fitted for College under private tuition, finally
entering Columbia, taking the scientific course and
graduating with the degree of Civil Engineer in
1880. Three months after graduation he became
a special agent of the Tenth L^nited States Census,
appointed with two others to investigate and report
on the water power of the United States. He
served for two years, until the investigations were
completed and the final report turned in. In
1S82 Mr. Greenleaf was appointed an Assistant in
the Engineering Department of Columbia. He was
successively Tutor, Instructor, Assistant Professor
and finally Adjunct Professor of Civil Engineering
at Columbia. While there he engaged incidentally
in the private practice of his profession. In 1894
he resigned his Professorship and devoted himself
exclusively to professional business. He married
June 4, 1889, Bertha Potts of New York City.
They have one child : Donald Leal Greenleaf. His
professional work leaves him no time for club mem-
bership, and though a Republican by conviction, he
takes no active part in the political struggles of the
day.

MOORE, Clement Clarke, 1779-1863.

Born in N. Y. City, 1779 ; graduated at Columbia,
1798; prepared for the Episcopal ministry but instead
of taking orders became a student of oriental literature
and an educator ; benefactor of the General Theologi-
cal Seminary, N. Y., and Professor there active and
Emeritus for over thirty years; Trustee of Colum-
bia, 1813-57; and Clerk of the Board, 1815-50; died,
1863.

ILEMENT CLARKE MOORE, LL.D., Trus-
tee of Columbia, son of Bishop Benjamin
Moore, President of that College, 1801-1811, was
born in New York City, July 15, 1779. He took
his Bachelor's degree at Columbia in i 798, receiv-
ing that of Master of Arts later, and prepared for
the Protestant Episcopal ministry but refrained from
taking orders, preferring instead to continue his
studies in ancient literature and engage in educa-
tional pursuits. When the General Theological
Seminary was materializing (1818), his offer of a
generous donation provided the present site was
selected for its buildings was accepted and in 1S21
he took the Chair of Biblical Learning, which he

UNIJ'ERSiriES AND THEIR SONS

559

exchanged in 1830 for that of Hebrew ami Greek
literature, and in i860 was made Professor Emer-
itus. In 1S28 he received the degree of Doctor
of Laws from Columbia, of which he was a Trustee
from 1 813 to 1857, and Clerk of the Board from
1815 to 1850. Dr. Moore died in Newport, Rhode
Island, July 10, 1863. He was the pioneer of
American Hebrew Lexicographers, having published
a Hebrew and Greek Lexicon in 1809, the first of
its kind issued in the country. He also published
in a condensed form the English translation of
Jacques Lavardin's History of George Castriot,
surnamed Scanderbeg, King of .\lbania ; contributed
to the periodicals, and was the author of the still
popular ballad 'Twas the Night Before Christmas.
William Moore, M.D., an uncle of the above,
(1754-1824), took his Medical degree at the
Edinburgh University in 1780, and was a noted
specialist in obstetrics in New York for a period of
forty years. He was at one time President of the
New York County Medical Society ; joined the
Columbia Board of Trustees in 1790, and became
its Chairman in 1823, the year prior to his death.

OSGOOD, Herbert Levi, 1855-

Born in Canton, Me., 1855; fitted for College at Wil-
ton (Maine) Academy; graduated from Amherst, 1877;
taught history and English in Worcester (Mass )
Academy. 1877-79 ; graduate student at Yale, 1880-81 ;
studied history and economics at the University of
Berlin. 1881-82; teacher of history in Brooklyn Boys
High School, 1883-89 ; studied early American history
and records at London, England, i88g-go; Adjunct
Professor of History, Columbia, i8go ; Professor, 1896-

HI:RI!KRT LEVI OSGOOD, Ph.D., Professor
of History at Columbia, is descended from
John Osgood, who left Hampshire county, England,
in 1636, and settled finally at Andover, Massachu-
setts. Early in the eighteenth century his immedi-
ate ancestors moved to Concord, New Hampshire,
afterwards to Conway, in the same state, and thence
to Maine. His parents, Stephen and Joanna Sta-
ples Osgood, were residents of Canton, Maine,
where the subject of this sketch was born, April 9,
1855. He received his early education at the com-
mon schools in the vicinity of Canton, and after a
preparatory course in the Wilton Academy at Wil-
ton, Maine, entered Amherst in 1873, graduating in
1877. From September 1877, to June 1S79, he
taught history and English in tlie Worcester Acad-
emy at Worcester, Massachusetts, and in the follow-

ing year received the degree of Master of .Arts from
Amherst. During 1880 and part of 1881 he was a
graduate student at Yale and in the latter part of
1 88 1 he went to Germany and studied history and
economics in the University of Berlin through 18S2.
He became Instructor in History in the Boys' High
School of Brooklyn, New York, in 1883, and after
six years of service there went to London to study
early American history in the British Public Record
Office and the Library of the British Museum. On
his return to America in 1890 he was appointed
Adjunct Professor of History at Columbia. Since

H. L. OSGOOD

1896 he has been full Professor. Professor Os-
good's special field of study is the early develop-
ment of American institutions, together with the
history of British Colonial administration, which
involves the treatment of American Colonial and
Revolutionary history from the strictly institutional
standpoint, and it is in this field that the most
important part of his teaching is done. He has
been a frequent contributor of articles and book
reviews to the Political Science (^uartedy since its
foundation, at first chiefly on economic subjects,
such as : Scientific Socialism and Scientific Anarch-
ism ; but the larger number of his articles have
been upon phases of early American history. He
has also contributed to the American Historical

560

UNIJ'ERSITIES JND TIIEIK SONS

Review, among other things, a series of articles on
the Proprietary Province as a Form of Colonial
Government. He is a member of the American
Historical Association and of the New York Histori-
cal Society. Professor Osgood itiarried, July 22,
18S5, Caroline Augusta Symonds, and they have
three children : Marian S., Harold S., and Edward
S. Osgood. Until 1884 he was a Republican in
politics, but in that year left the Republican party
and has since voted as an Independent.

PECK, William Guy, 1820-1892.

Born in Litchfield, Conn., 1820 ; graduated at the U.
S. Military Academy, 1844; accompanied Fremont's
third expedition as topographical engineer, 1845 ■ served
in the Mexican War; Assistant Professor of Natural
Philosophy at West Point, 1846, and of Mathematics,
1847-55 ; Professor of Physics and Civil Engineering at
the University of Michigan till 1857 ; Adjunct Profes-
sor of Mathematics at Columbia till 1859 ; Professor of
Pure Mathematics there till 1861 ; held the Chair of
Mathematics and Astronomy for the rest of his life ;
and lectured on Mechanics, 1864-65 ; died, 1892.

WILLIAM GUV PECK, LL.D., Ph.D., Pro-
fessor of Mathematics and Astronomy at
Columbia, was born in Litchfield, Connecticut,
October 16, 1820. Lie was appointed a cadet at
the United States Military Academy, West Point,
graduating with the highest class honors in 1S44,
and entering the Topographical Engineer's Corps
he accompanied Fremont's third expedition to the
fir west in that capacity in 1845. After serving
for a time in the Mexican \Var under General
Stephen W. Kearny he returned to West Point as
Assistant Professor of Natural Philosophy in 1846,
and in the following year became Assistant Professor
of Mathematics, continuing as such until 1855, when
he resigned from the army. Declining a call to the
Faculty of Kenyon College (Ohio) in order to
accept the Chair of Physics and Civil Engineering
at the University of Michigan, he remained there
until summoned to Columbia as Adjunct Professor
of Mathematics in 1S57, and two years later was
made Professor of Pure Mathematics. In 1861 he
took the Professorship of Mathematics and Astron-
omy, which he held uninterruptedly for the rest of
his life; lectured on mechanics in 1 864-1 S65 ; and
rendered valuable assistance to tlie Faculty of the
School of Mines. He was one of the Board of
Visitors to the National Military Academy in 1868,
and that portion of his time not occupied with his
College duties was devoted to literary pursuits.

Besides assisting Professor Charles Davies, his
father-in-law, in preparing a dictionary and en-
cyclopaedia of mathematical science, he issued a
complete series of school and College Mathematical
Text-books and other educational works. Professor
Peck died in 1892. He was made a Doctor of
Laws by Trinity College, Hartford, in 1863, and a
Doctor of Philosophy by Columbia in 1877.

PHILIPSE, Frederick, 1746-1785,

Born in New York, 1746 ; graduated at King's College,
1773; served in the Provincial Assembly, and the
British army; proscribed for his suspected allegiance
to the Crown during the Revolutionary War ; Governor
of King's College about 1780; died, 1785.

FREDERICK PHILIPSE, Governor of King's
College, was born in New York in 1 746.
He was a descendant of Frederick Philipse ist, a
Dutch nobleman who arrived in New Amsterdam
about 1640 without means, and worked at the
carpenter's trade prior to engaging in mercantile
business, in which latter he laid the foundation of a
vast family fortune. His grandson, Frederick,
(1690-1751), father of the subject of this sketch,
was educated in Europe and ruled his vast estates
with the sovereign power of a feudal baron, instituting
a Court of J\istice, over which he himself presided,
and it is claimed that upon some occasions he
executed capital punishment. He favored the
Church of England, and his will provided for the
erection of St. John's Church at Yonkers, which
provision was subsequently carried out by his heirs.
His son Frederick was a student at King's College,
Class of 1773. He was a member of the Provincial
Assembly and held a Captain's commission in a
regiment of dragoons belonging to the British .■Xrmy.
He resided at the family manor, maintaining the
establishment with an extravagance which far
exceeded that of his ancestors, and although he en-
deavored to preserve political neutrality, his alle-
giance to the British government was suspected by
the .American authorities, by whom he was pro-
scribed and his property confiscated. Taking re-
fuge in England, the British government, in part,
compensated him for his losses, and he never re-
turned to America. Frederick Philipse was a liberal
contributor to charitable and benevolent objects
and a strong supporter of the Church. His name
appears in the list of Governors of King's College
subsequent to 1780.

uNirERsrriEs and their sons

561

DWIGHT, Timothy, 1828-

Born in Norwich, Conn., 1828; fitted for College at
the Hopkins Grammar School of New Haven ; A.B.,
Yale, 1849 ; studied theology in the Yale Divinity
School, 1851-53; Tutor at Yale, 1851-55; studied
abroad at the Universities of Berlin and Bonn ; Assist-
ant Professor of Sacred Literature and New Testa-
ment Greek in Yale Divinity School, 1858-61 ; Professor,
i86i-83; succeeded Noah Porter as President of Yale
in 1886; Treasurer of the College, 1886-87, 3"^ ^^^° ^°^
a year after its evolution into a University in the latter
year ; was licensed to preach in 1855 and ordained to the
ministry in 1861 ; D.D., Chicago Theological Seminary,
1869, and Yale, 1886 ; LL.D., Harvard, 1886, and Prince-
ton, 1888; was also one of the Editors of the New
Englander Magazine, 1866-74 ; retired from the Presi-
dency of Yale in 1899, upon attaining the age of seventy
years.

TIMOTHY D\VK;HT, D.D., LL.D., twelfth
l^resident of Yale, was born in Norwich,
Connecticut, November 16, 1828, son of James
Dwight, a merchant of Petersburg, Virginia, and
New York City, and Susan Breed, daughter of
Hon. jolin iMcLarch Breed, of Norwich. His
grandfiuher, Timothy Dwight, D.D., served as
Chaplain in the Continental Army during the War
for Independence, and was President of Yale
College from 1795 to 1817; and his greatgrand-
father. Major Timothy Dwight (Yale 1744), was a
prosperous merchant of Northampton, Massachu-
setts, and married a daughter of the Rev. Jona-
than Edwards. Dr. Dwight fitted for College at
the Hopkins Grammar School of New Haven, and
entered Yale in 1S45, graduating in 1849. He was
a graduate student at the College for two years, and
studied theology at the Yale Divinity School from
1S51 to 1853, acting during his course and until
1855 as a Tutor in the College. He was licensed
to preach in 18^5, and in 1S56 went to Europe,
spending the following two years in study at the
German Universities of Berlin and Bonn. On his
return to America in 1S58 he was made Assistant
Professor of Sacred Literature and New Testament
Greek iir the Yale Divinity School. He was or-
dained to the ministry and made full Professor in
1861, and so continued until 18S6, when he was
elected to the Presidency of the College, succeed-
ing Dr. Noah Porter. He was also Treasurer of
the institution during the first two years of his
incuinbency, in the first year of which the College
became Yale LT^iiversity. Much of the credit for
the wonderful growth fef the institution during the
following decade is due to the energetic and untir-
ing efforts, and the wise measures, of President
VOL. II. — 36

Dwight. He received the degree of Doctor of
Divinity from Chicago Theological Seminary in
1S69 and from Yale in 1886, and that of Doctor of
Laws from Harvard University in 1886 and from
Princeton University in 1888. Professor Dwight
has published numerous articles, cliiedy on religious
subjects, though possibly the most notable was a
series on The True Ideal of an American Univer-
sity, which ai)pe;ired in the New luiglander Maga-
zine, of which he was Associ;ite Editor from 1866
to 1874. He has edited and annotated several
Volumes of commentaries on the New Testament,

TIMOTHY DWIGHT

has published a translation of the third edition of
Godet's Commentary on the Gospel of St. John,
and was a member of the American Committee on
the revision of the King James version of the
Bible, from 1872 tmtil the completion of the work
in 1885. CJentle, kind — but withal firm — he
watched over those under his guidance with fatherly
care and interest, and is remembered with loving
thought by the thousands who have passed out into
the world from the sheltering bosom of their and
his tr//;ia inaU-r. In 1S9S, when he reached the
age of seventy years, President Dwight announced
his intention of retiring from the Presidency of the
University. His letter to the Cnrporation in No-
vember of that year began with the statement : '• It

56:

UNIVERSITIES AND I' HEIR SONS

has been my convictuni for many years that it is carried off abundant and varied honors, taking the
ilesirable — alilce with reference to his own happiness VVoolsey and Bristed Scholarships, one of tlie Win-
in the later, less active and more restful period of throp Prizes given to students " most thoroughly

his life, and as related to the highest interests of the
institution — that a person who is placed in the
chief administrative office in a large University like
ours should not continue in that position beyontl
the age of seventy." All efforts failed to induce him
to change his purpose, and the Corporation was
finally regretfully forced to acquiesce in his decision.
He vacated the office to his successor at Commence-

acquainted with Greek and Latin poets," the Clark
Prize for the solution of astronomical problems, one
of the Townsend Prizes for English composition,
and was also a Junior exhibition speaker. He spent
a year in post-graduate study of Political Science in
New Haven, and then went abroad and spent two
years in the same brancli of study at the University
of Berlin under Wagner, Treikche and Gneist. On

ment, 1899, with the good wishes of all for peace his return to .America he was given a Tutorship at
and happiness in his latter years, and still taking an
active interest in the University.

HADLEY, Arthur Twining, 1856-

Born in New Haven, Conn, 1856; fitted for College
at Hopkins Grammar School; A.B. Yale, 1876; studied
political science for a year at Yale, and history and
political science at the University of Berlin, 1877-79;
Tutor at Yale, principally in German, 1879-83 : Uni-
versity Lecturer on Railroad Administration, 1883-86;
Professor of Political Science in the Graduate Depart-
ment, 1886-99. and also during the absence of Professor
Sumner, in the Academic Department, 1891-93; has
also lectured at Harvard, at the Mass. Institute of
Technology and elsewhere ; Associate Editor of Rail-
road Gazette, 1887-89 ; author of numerous articles and
monographs, and of several books, among them:
Railway Transportation: Its History and its Laws;
and Economics: An Account of the Relation between
Private Property and Public Welfare. In 1899, on the
retirement of Prof. Timothy Dwight, he was elected
by the Corporation Thirteenth President of Yale, being
the first layman to hold that office ; LL.D. from several
institutions, 1899.

ARTHUR TWINING H.-^DLEY, LL.D., thir-
teenth President of Yale, was born in New
Haven, Connecticut, .April 23, 1856. He comes of
an academic fiimily. His grandfltther, James Had-
ley, was a Professor of Chemistry in Fairfield Medical
College in Herkimer county. New York. His father,
James Hadley, is one of the most notable of Yale's
long line of notable instructors. His memory is
treasured with feelings of woe by thousands of stu-
dents throughout the country who have struggled
through his (keek Grarnmar ; though as a teacher
his memory is honored to-day by all of the large
number of Yale students who came under his in-
struction. Arthur Twining Hadley fitted for College
at the Hopkins Grammar School of New Haven
and entered Yale in 1872. He graduated from
Yale in 1S76, being the A^aledictorian of his class.
He was one of the youngest men iu his class, but

.ARTHUR TWINING H.ADLEY

Yale, and continued there in that capacity until
1S83, teaching various branches, but mainly Ger-
man. During the ensuing three years he was
University Lecturer on Railroad Administration,
contributing during this period a series of articles
on transportation to Lalor's Cyclopaedia of Political
Science, and part of the article on Railways in the
Encyclopaedia Britannica. In 1885 appeared his
Railway Transportation : Its History and Its Laws,
which is one of his best known works and has gone
through translations into French and Russian. In
1886 Professor H.adley was elected by the Corpora-
tion to the Professorship of Political Science which
he held until his election to the Presidency. Gov-
ernor Harrison, in 1885, appointed him Commis-

UNIVERSITIES JND

SONS

563

sioner of Labor Statistics of the State of Connecticut,
and his two reports in this cajjacity are marvels of
research into tlie details of his work. It is impossi-
ble to more than summarize Professor Hadley's
writings. He has contributed numerous articles to
the principal magazines of the country, and an article
in Harper's Magazine for .-Xpril 1894 in which he
laid stress upon the value of Yale Democracy, the
importance of a high standard of scholarship and
strict adherence to it, ami the utility of athletics as
a factor in University life. His greatest work.
Economics : An Account on the Relation between
Private Property and Public Welfare, appeared in
1S96, and is in use as a text-book in a number of
colleges. He was associated with Colonel H. G.
Prout in the editorship of the Railroad Gazette from
1S87 to 1889. In 1898 Professor Timothy Dwight
resigned the Presidency of Yale, and the problem
which confronted the Corporation in finding his suc-
cessor was no small one. There was a general feel-
ing that it would perhaps be well to break away
from some of the established precedents into some-
what broader methods. After months of careful
consideration the choice devolved upon Professor
Hadley, who was elected Twelfth President of the
University in 1S99. The very fact that he was
chosen marks considerable of a departure from
Yale's traditions and shows the ability of the man,
for he was the first President in all of Yale's two
hundred years of history who was not entitled to
prefix Reverend to his name. He assumed ofiSce
at Commencement in 1899, and began his duties
with the well wishes of thousands of Yale .Alumni
all over the country. Professor Hadley married,
June 3, 1 89 1, Helen Harrison, daughter of former
Governor Luzon B. Morris. They have three chil-
dren : Morris, Hamilton and Laura Hadley.

LAMB, Chauncey Stafford, 1872-

Born in Mechanicsville, N. Y., 1872 ; graduate of
the public schools of Little Falls, N. Y., Little Falls
High School, and St. Johns Military High School,
Manlius, N. Y. ; graduate of the Medical Department
of the University of Buffalo, 1893 ; Interne of Buffalo
General Hospital for some time ; in private practice in
Washington Mills, N. Y., and Buffalo, and since 1895
in New Haven, Conn. ; Assistant in the Surgical Clinic
of the Medical Department of Yale.

CHAUNCl^Y STAFFORD LAMB, M.D., As-
sistant at Yale, was born in Mechanicsville,
Saratoga county, New York, February 10, 1872.
His father, David Thompson Lamb, came of an old
New York family, and his mother, Frances .Augusta

Baker, of the well-known N'ew England family of
that name. Ancestors on both sides of the family
fought with the •Colonies in their struggle for inde-
pendence. Chauncey S. Lamb received his early
education in the public schools of Little Falls, New
York, and in the Little Falls High School. He
also studied for a time in St. Johns Military High
School at Manlius, New York, and entered the
Medical Department of the University of Buffalo
in 1890, taking his degree in 1893. For some
time after his graduation he was Interne of the

C. S. L.4MB

Buffalo General Hospital, and was also engaged in
the private practice of his profession at Washington
Mills, New York. In 1S95 he was tendered and
accepted the post of .Assistant in the Surgical Clinic
of Yale Medical School, and his connection with
the Lhiiversity in that capacity still continues. He
also attends to a large private practice in New
Haven. Dr. Lamb is a member of the New Haven
Medical .Association, the New Haven County Med-
ical Society and the Connecticut Medical Society,
and is a Republican by political conviction, though
not an active partisan.

MORGAN, Junius Spencer, 1813-1890.

Born in ^A^est Springfield, Mass., 1813; received his
business training in Boston ; became an extensive

564

UNIVERSITIES JND THEIR SONS

dry-goods merchant of that city ; entered the banking
business in London as a partner of George Peabody,
whom he succeeded; noted philanthropist, and a bene-
factor of Yale; died, i8go.

JUNIUS SPENCER MORGAN, Benefactor of
Vale, was born in that part of West Spring-
field, Massachusetts, which is now the city of Ho-
lyoke, April 14, 1813. His first knowledge of
business affairs was obtained while in the employ
of Alfred Welles, of Boston, where he remained
from 1S29 to 1834, in which latter year he became
connected with the New York banking-house of
Morgan, Ketchum & Company. From this he
withdrew in 1836 to engage in the dry-goods busi-
ness in Hartford, Connecticut, and in 1S51 he
entered into partnership with James M. Beebe,
establishing the Boston firm of J. M. Beebe, Morgan
& Company, at that time one of the largest dry-
goods houses in the United States. At the solicita-
tion of George Peabody, the famous American
banker of London, he in 1S54 entered the firm of
George Peabody & Company in the British me-
tropolis, and after the retirement of its founder in
1864 the business was thenceforward carried on
under the name of J. S. Morgan & Company. Mr.
Morgan has to the extent of his ability displayed
the philanthropic spirit characteristic of his late
business associate, having bestowed generous dona-
tions upon numerous deserving charitable and edu-
cational institutions, including Trinity College,
Hartford, and the Orphan .\sylum in that city. To
the fund of the Free Public Library of Hartfonl he
gave $100,000, and the Connecticut Historical
Society was enriched by his gift of a magnificent
collection of photographic fac-similes of manuscripts
in European archives relating to America in the
revolutionary period. He presented a valuable
painting by Sir Joshua Reynolds to the Metropol-
itan Museum of .Art, New York, and his liberal
benefactions to Yale have greatly enhanced the use-
fulness of that L^niversity. In 1S36 he married
Juliet, daughter of John Pierpont, the poet, and his
son, John Pierpont Morgan, is one of the most
distinguished American bankers and financiers of
the present day. He died at Monte Carlo, April
8, 1890.

a recognized authority upon that subject on both sides
of the Atlantic ; died in New Haven, Conn , 1896.

HUBERT ANSON NEWTON, LL.D., Pro-
fessor of Mathematics at Yale, was born in
Sherburne, New York, March 19, 1830, the son of
William and Lois (Butler) Newton. Having taken
his Bachelor's degree at Yale with the Class of
1850, he returned to the College as a Tutor three
years later, but in addition to his duties in that
capacity he took entire charge of the Department
of ALathematics made vacant by the illness of Pro-
fessor .Anthony D. Stanley, whom he succeeded in

NEWTON, Hubert Anson, 1830-1896.

Born in Sherburne, N. Y., 1830; graduated at Yale,
1850 ; appointed a Tutor there, 1853 ; Professor of
Mathematics, 1855 ; Director of the Yale Observatory,
1882-84; made a special study of meteors, and became

HUBERT A. NEWTON

1855. Previous to taking the chair, Professor
Newton spent a year in Europe and upon his return
entered into the discharge of his duties with the
activity which ever characterized his efforts both as
an educator and scientist. His work lay at first in
the line of pure mathematics and the higher geome-
try, but he soon found his specialty in the astro-
nomical problems relating to meteors, which, after
carefully comparing the investigations of other
scientists, he connected with comets, and as a
result of these comparisons advanced a plausible
theory by which the time of their appearance within
the space traversed by the earth can be accurately
determined. He was President of the Connecticut
.Academy of Arts and Sciences and of the .American
Association for the Advancement of Science, and

uNivERsr-riRs jnt) their sons

565

one of the fifty original members of the National
Academy of Sciences ; was an Associate of the
Royal Astronomical Society of London, and a fellow
of tlie Royal Philosophical Society of Edinburgh.
He was maile a Doctor of Laws by the University
of Michigan in 1868, and secured recognition on
both sides of the Atlantic as a high authority upon
the subjects of which he had made a specialty.
From 1S82 to 1884 he was Director of the Vale
Astronomical Observatory, and for years exercised a
potent influence in the councils of the Corporation,
as well as taking an active part in enlarging the
scope and otherwise developing the usefulness of the
University. His contributions to scientific literature
have appeared in the American Journal of Science,
of which he was for many years an Associate Editor,
and in the Memoirs of the National Academy of
Sciences. Professor Newton married, April 14,
1889, Anna C, daughter of the Rev. Ur. Joseph C.
Stiles (Vale 1814), who survived him only three
months. He had two daughters, still living. He
died in New Haven, Connecticut, August 12, iSg6.

SANDERS, Frank Knight, 1861-

Born in Ceylon, 1861 ; graduated at Ripon College
(Wisconsin), 1882; Instructor at Jaffna College, Cey-
lon, till 1886 ; graduate student at Yale till 1889 ; Instruc-
tor in Semitic Languages there 1888-92; Assistant
Professor of Biblical Literature till 1894, then advanced
to the Woolsey Professorship of Biblical Literature;
Lecturer at Smith College, 1892-94; at Swarthmore,
1897 ; and at Vassar, 1897-98.

FRANK KNIGHT S.VNDERS, Ph.D., Wool-
sey Professor of Biblical Literature at Vale,
was born in Batticotta, Province of Jaffna, Ceylon,
June 5, i86i,son of Marshall Danforth and Georgi-
anna (Knight) Sanders. He is of American paren-
tage and of Scotch or Scotch-Irish origin, being a
descendant on the paternal side of one of four
brothers who are supposed to have landed as early
as the year 1600 at what is now Portsmouth, New
Hampshire. His paternal grandfather resided in
Williamstown, Massachusetts, and the latter's ances-
tors lived in Rhode Island. He acquired his early
education at a private school in Lakeville, Connect-
icut, from which he entered the Preparatory and
subsequently the Academic Department of Ripon
College, Wisconsin, and took his Bachelor's degree
in 1SS2. The ensuing four years were for the most
part spent in the far east as Instructor in Psychology
and Physics at Jaffna College, Ceylon, his educa-

tional work being interspersed with extensive trav-
elling in India. Returning to the United States in
1886 visiting Asiatic 'I'urkey en route he entered
the CIraduate Department of Vale, wiiere for tiie
next three years he studied Semitic languages,
acting as an Assistant and Instructor in that de-
partment from iSSS to i,S92. In tlie latter year
he was chosen .Assistant Professor, and in 1S94 he
succeeded Professor Harper in the Woolsey Pro-
fessorship of Biblical Literature. From 1S92 to
1894 he lectured on Biblical Literature at Smith
College ; held a similar Lectureship at Swarthmore

FRANK K. SA.N'DERS

in 1897; and at Vassar in 1897-1898. Professor
Sanders is widely known as a public lecturer and
religious writer, having already published a number
of important works. He is officially connected with
a number of religious and benevolent societies, and
is a member of the Graduates' Club, New Haven.
On June 27, 1888 he married Edith Blackman of
Whitewater, Wisconsin, and has three children :
Helen, Morris B., and IVank K. Sanders, Jr.

RUSSELL, Thomas Hubbard, 1851-

Born in New Haven, Conn., 1851 ; educated in his
native city, Clinton, N. Y., and in the Scientific and
Medical Departments of Yale ; accompanied Professor

566

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

O. C. Marsh on his Western expedition, 1872 ; Assist-
ant to Professor Francis Bacon, 1873-84; went abroad
1886; Resident Physician and Surgeon Connecticut
State Hospital, 1875-76 ; Physician to the New Haven
Dispensary some years ; Visiting and Attending Sur-
geon to the State Hospital since 1878; has lectured on
surgery and allied topics at the Yale Medical School;
was formerly Professor of Materia Medica and Thera-
peutics ; now holds the Chair of Clinical Surgery and
Surgical Anatomy.

THOMAS HUBBARD RUSSELL, Ph.B.,
ALD., Clinical Professor of Surgery at Vale,
was born in New Haven, Connecticut, December
14, 1851, son of William Huntington and ^L^ry
Elizabeth (Hubbard) Russell. He is a descendant
of four Pilgrims on the NLiyflower ; of Lion Gard-
ner, who arrived in New England in 1635 and con-
structed a fort at Saybrook, Connecticut, which he
commanded during the early Indian Wars ; of the
Rev. Samuel Hooker (Harvard 1653) ; of the Rev.
Thomas Hooker (Cambridge, England, 161 1), the
founder of Hartford ; of Captain Thomas Willett
who came to this country in 1630, was commander
of a military force in Plymouth Colony, and first
Mayor of New York in 1665, son of Dr. Andrew
Willett, Rector of Borley and probably grandson of
Thoinas Willett the Canon of Ely ; of Captains John
Gorham, George Dennison, and J^inies Avery, who
figured prominently in the early Indian Wars ; of
Captain Nathaniel Wales, an officer in the Con-
tinental Army during the War for Independence ;
and of the Russells, Hubbards and Huntingtons, all
noted among the earliest settlers of New England.
On the paternal side he traces his lineage directly
to William Russell, one of the earliest settlers in
New Haven, arriving there from England in 1638,
and the latter's only son. Rev. Noahdiah Russell,
M.A. (Harvard 1681) who was one of the ten
founders of Yale College and one of its first Trustees,
from 1 70 1 to 1713. Noahdiah's son William, also a
clergyman, was graduated from Yale in 1 709, some-
time Tutor in the College and a Trustee from 1745
to 1 76 1. He was offered the position of Rector or
President of Yale College, " and was the first of the
Alumni to receive that honor from his n/wa matt-r.'^
but could not accept because "negotiations with the
people of Middletown for the removal of their Pas-
tor were ineffectual " (Kingsley's History of Yale
College). He was Pastor of the First Church in
Middletown, forty-six years. William Russell mar-
ried Mary, daughter of the Rev. James Pierpont,
(Harvard 1681) also one of the ten founders of Yale
College and one of its first Trustees from 1701 to

I 7 14. The other daughter, Sarah Pierpont, married
the Rev. Jonathan Edwards, D.D., the distinguished
theologian and President of Princeton. These
Pierponts were descended from Sir Henry I'icrpont,
who married Frances Cavendish and was the pro-
genitor of the Earls and Dukes of Kingston. Rev.
Noahdiah Russell, M..\., (Vale 1750) son of William
and Mary { Pierpont) Russell, married Esther Tal-
cott, granddaughter of Joseph Talcott, Governor of
Connecticut 1 724-1 741 and great-granddaughter
of Colonel John Talcott, who rendered important
military service in King Philip's War, and was for

THOMAS H. RUSSELL

twenty-five years Treasurer of the Colony of Con-
necticut. Deacon Matthew Talcott Russell, son of
Noahdiah and Esther, and Dr. Russell's grandfather,
was graduated from Vale in 1779, ^''^'^ entered the
legal profession. He married Mary Huntington,
daughter of the Rev. Enoch Huntington, (Vale
1759) and a niece of Samuel Htmtington M.A.,
LL.D., Yale, signer of the Declaration of Indepen-
dence, President of the Continental Congress, 1779 ;
1780; 1 781, Chief-Justice of the Superior Court
and Governor of Connecticut 1 786-1 796. The
Rev. Enoch Huntington was a Fellow of Yale from
17S0 to 1 80S, and Secretary of the Yale Corpora-
tion from 1 7 88 to 1793. The first Huntington
ancestor came to this country in 1633. William

UNIIERSITIES JM) 71 IK IK SONS

567

Huntington Russell, M.A., M.D., Dr. Russell's father, SMITH, Charles Henry, 1842-

was valedictorian of the Class of 1S33, \'alc, some-
time Tutor, ami founder of the Skull and Bones
Society. He married Mary Eli/abeth Hubbard,
daughter of Thomas Hubbard, a Professor at Vale
from 1829 to 1838, whose other daughter, Frances
Harriet Hubbard, married Rev. Simeon North,
D.D., LI..D. (Vale 1825), Professor of Creek and
Latin, 1829-1839, and President of Hamilton
College, 1839-1857. For about fifty years Dr.
Russell's fiither was at the head of a large school
preparatory for College and had more than three
thousand young men as pupils from all parts of this
and some foreign countries. It will be seen by the
above that Dr. Russell's direct ancestors for five
generations have been Vale graduates, and many of
the relatives of each were also educated there ; of
the present generation, all five sons except one
who died in his Sophomore year. This remarkable
record of close association with the University
is perhaps without parallel in the case of any
other single family. Having acquired the rudi-
ments of his education in New Haven, Thomas
Hubbard Russell pursued the higher branches
of study in Clinton, New Vork, under the di-
rection of his uncle, Simeon North (Vale 1825)
formerly President of Hamilton College, was grad-
uated from the Scientific Department of Vale with
the degree of Bachelor of Philosophy in 1872 and
from the Medical Department with that of Doctor
of Medicine three years later. In 1S72 he accom-
panied Professor O. C. Marsh upon the latter's
scientific expedition to the Rocky Mountain Region,
and from 1873 to 1884 was Assistant to Professor
Francis Bacon ; Resident Physician and Surgeon at
the Connecticut State Hospital, 1875-1876, and
Physician to the New Haven Dispensary some
years ; and has been Visiting or Attending Surgeon
to the State Hospital for over twenty years. Join-
ing the force of Instructors at the Vale Medical
School in 1877, he was three years later appointed
Clinical Lecturer on Surgery and subsequently on
other branches of surgery ; was Professor of Materia
Medica and Therapeutics from 1883 to 1891 and
in 1891 took the Chair of Clinical Surgery and Surgi-
cal Anatomy which he has occupied ever since.
In 1886 he visited Europe. In politics Dr. Russell
is a Republican. On December 21, 1882 he married
Mary K., daughter of Ex-Judge Lyman E. Munson
(Yale) of New Haven. They have five children :
Mary Talcott, Thomas Hubbard Jr., William Hunt-
ington, Eleanor and Edward Stanton Russell.

Born in Beyroot, Syria, 1842 ; prepared for College
at the Williston Seminary, East Hampton, Mass. ;
entered Yale in 1861 and graduated in 1865 ; taught in
the Hopkins Grammar School, New Haven, 1865-66 ;
was Principal of the High School, Lenox, Mass.,
i£65-67 ; Tutor in Yale, 1867-69; taught in a private
school in Cincinnati, 1869-74; Professor in Bowdoin
College, 1874-90; since the fall of 1890 has been Larned
Professor of History at Yale ; took degree of A M. in
course at Yale in 1868; and received honorary degree
of LL.D. from Bowdoin in 1894.

CHARLES H1:NRV SMITH, LL.D., Larned
Professor of .American History at Vale I'ni-
versity, Author of the Vale Historical Sketch in

CHARLE.S HENRY SMITH

Universities and thkir Sons, was born in Beyroot,
Syria, May 14, 1842, where his father, the Rev. Eli
Smith, had been for thirty years a Missionary of the
.American Board, and had translated the Bible into
.Arabic. His mother, Maria Ward Chapin, was de-
scended from Deacon Samuel Chapin who came
from England to Boston about 1634, and later
settled in Springfield, Massachusetts. He received
his early education in the public schools of Roch-
ester, New Vork, and then fitted for College at the
Williston Seminary at East Hampton, Ma.ssachu-
setts, entering Vale in 1861, taking the full College
course, and graduating in 1865 with the degree of
Bachelor of Arts. He began teaching at once after

568

UNII'ERSITIES AND Til EI K SONS

graduation, first as Assistant Instructor in tlie Hop-
kins Grammar School of New Haven, Connecticut,
serving one year when he went to Lenox, Massa-
chusetts, to become Princi])al of the High Sciiool
there. Here also he remained for one year, going
to Vale as 'J'utor in 1S67, and meanwhile pursuing
post-graduate studies which resulted in his taking
the degree of Master of Arts in 186S. He taught
in Cincinnati from 1S69 to 1874, going to Bowdoin
College at Brunswick, Maine, as one of the Faculty
in the latter year, and remaining there until 1S90
when lie was appointed to his present position at
Yale. Professor Smith is a member of many socie-
ties and organizations, chiefly social and historical ;
among them may be mentioned the U. C. D. Club
of Cincinnati, the Historical Society of Maine, the
American Historical Association, the Graduates' Club
of New Haven, the Bowdoin Alumni Association
of New York, the Good Government Club of
New Haven and the New Haven Colony Histori-
cal Society, of which he is a Director. He is
also a member of the Alpha Delta Phi fraternity.
Professor Smith has contributed various articles on
subjects connected with his profession to the New
Englander, the Yale Review, the Congregationalist,
the Independent and other papers. Bowdoin Col-
lege in 1894 conferred upon him the honorary degree
of Doctor of Laws. On national political questions
he is a moderate Republican ; in local matters In-
dependent, and a strong advocate of reform in the
Civil Service so that it may become entirely non-
partisan. He married, September 7, 1869, Sarah
Elizabeth Munn of Lyons, New York. They Iiave
no children.

lives. In 18S5 he donated to Yale the KentC'hem-
ical Laboratory. 'I'he building was finished in
1887. Mr. Kent married July 28, 1857, Adda E.
Dutton of Springville, New York.

KENT, Albert Emmet, 1830-

Born in Suffield, Conn., 1830 ; graduated at Yale,
1853': entered the grain and produce business at
Chicago, 111.; gave to Yale the Kent Chemical
Laboratory.

ALBERT EMMET KENT, Benefactor of Yale,
was born in Suffield, Connecticut, Septem-
ber I, 1830, son of Albert and Lucinda Kent. He
entered Yale in the Class of 1S53, and after his
graduation went to Chicago and entered the grain
and produce business in partnership with his brother.
The firm was exceedingly successful and at once took
a prominent place among the mercantile houses of
Chicago. But the constant strain of business life
was too severe for Mr. Kent, and in 1S71 impaired
health compelled him to move to California. He
took up his residence at San Rafael, where he still

STOECKEL, Gustave J., 1819-

Born in Maikhammer, Germany, 1819; graduated at
Seminary in Kaiserlautern, 1838; teacher in school at
Laudstuhl until 1847 ; appointed Chapel-Master and
Instructor in Vocal Music at Yale, 1851 ; given honor-
ary degree of Doctor of Music by Yale in 1862; ap-
pointed Battell Professor of Music, iBqd.

GUST.WE J. ST0F;CKEL, Mus.D., Battell
Professor of Music at Yale, was born in
Maikhammer, Bavarian Palatinate, Germany, Novem-

GUSIAN'K J. .STOECKEL

ber 9, 1819. His father was Peter, his mother
Clara (Lang) Stoeckel. As a boy he received in-
struction in the common school of his native place
and was taught music and the classics by his father.
In 1838 he graduated at the Seminary at Kaiser-
lautern, and then for three years he studied for the
German official examination, in the meantime sup-
porting himself by teaching, .\fter passing the
examination he received an appointment as In-
structor in the higher school at Landstuhl, and
was licensed to prepare students for admission to
the Seminary. In the fall of 1S47 he resigned his

UNirERSiriES AND rilEIIi SONS

569

position at Landstuhl ami emigrated to America,
where he devoted himself from then on, to the study
of music. Early in the fifties, probably in 1851,
he was appointed Chapel-Master and Instructor in
Vocal Music at Yale. In 1S62, in recognition of
his ability as a teacher and of liis great musical
talent, the University bestowed upon him the
honorary degree of Doctor of Music, and in 1890
placed him in the highest musical position of
the institution, the IJattell Professorship of Music.
For nearly fifty years as Master of the College
Chapel and as Instructor in the musical art, Pro-
fessor Stoeckel has rendered devoted service to
Yale, endearing himself to hundreds of men who
have come to Yale and gone in that time. For all
who have been there in this period the memory
of the music from choir and organ in the chapel
will always be sacred, and in association with that
memory the name of Professor Stoeckel will always
be spoken of in true devotion. It has been his
fortune to practise and teach an art which reaches
men's hearts. Professor Stoeckel was married by
Rev. Dr. Leonard Bacon, of New Haven, to Matilda
Bertha Wehrner in 184S. He has a family of four
children.

SNEATH, Ellas Hershey, 1857-

Born in Mountville, Pennsylvania, 1857 ; attended
Wyoming Seminary, Kingston, Penn. ; graduated at
Lebanon Valley College, Pa., 1881 ; graduated at Yale
Divinity School, 1884; received Ph.D. degree from
Yale, 1890 ; Instructor in Philosophy at Wesleyan
University, 1885-88 ; Instructor in Psychology and
Ethics in Miss Porter's School, Farmington, Conn.,
1888-91; Lecturer in Philosophy at Yale, 1889; As-
sistant Professor of Philosophy at Yale, 1893 ; now
Professor of Philosophy at Yale ; author of The
Philosophy of Reid, and the Ethics of Hobbes; Editor
of The Series of Modern Philosophers, and of the
Ethical Series.

ELLAS HERSHEY SNE.VPH, B.D., Ph.D.,
Professor of Philosophy at Yale, was born
in Mountville, Pennsylvania, August 7, 1857. Both
his father, Jacob Sneath and his mother, Elizabeth
(Witmer) Sneath, were descended from Old Penn-
sylvania families. His first school experience was
in the public schools of his native town, and later
he went to the ^Vyoming Seminary at Kingston,
Pennsylvania, where he was prepared for College.
He then went to the Lebanon Valley College of
Pennsylvania, graduating there in 1881 with the
degree of Bachelor of Arts. Immediately after
graduation he entered a course of study at the
Yale Divinity School where he received in 1S84

the degree of P.achelor of Divinity. Desiring then
to continue ])hilosophical studies which he had
already taken up extensively he became a student
in the Graduate School, and after six years there,
of study and instruction he received the Doctor's
degree in 1890. Professor Sneath has done long
service as a teacher of philosophy having held
several desirable situations. From 1885 to 1888,
during his work in the Graduate School, he was
Instructor in Philosophy in Wesleyan LIniversity,
Middletown, Connecticut. His next appointments
were received while lie was still a student in the

E. H. SNEATH

(Graduate School, — from 1888 to 1891 he was In-
structor in Psychology and Ethics in Miss Porter's
School at Farmington, Connecticut, and from 1889
to 1 89 1 he was Lecturer in Philosophy at Yale.
From this latter position he has been advanced in
rank at Yale through the successive stages to the
position of Professor in Philosophy, which appoint-
ment he has recently received. He has made
valuable contributions to the literature of philoso-
phy, being the author of The Philosophy of Reid,
the Ethics of Hobbes, and of .\n Interpretation of
Tennyson. He is also the Eiditor of The Series of
Modern Philoso])hers, a work of eight volumes, and
of the Ethical Series, a work of six volumes. He
is one of the contributors to the Memorial \'olume

S7°

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

of President Noah Porter of Vale. He is a nuuiber
of the Graduates' Club of New Haven. He married,
June 19, 1890, Anna Sheldon Camp, of Middletown,
Connecticut. He has two children, Herbert Camp
Sneath, and Katharine Williams Sneath.

appeared in the Journal of the American Orientnl
Society in 1S97 and 1898.

OERTEL, Hanns, 1868-

Born in Geithain, Saxony, 1868; educated in Saxony:
student in Graduate Department of Yale, 1887 ; re-
ceived M.A. from Yale, 1888; Ph.D , 1890; Fellow in
Greek at Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee,
i8go; Instructor in German and Comparative Philology
at Yale, 1891 ; Assistant Professor of Comparative
Philology at Yale, 1895-

HANNS OERTEL, Ph.D., Assistant Professor
of Comparative Philology at Yale, was born
in Geithain, Saxony, April 20, 1868. He comes of
a well-known military family. His fither, Julius
Oertel, was a Colonel in the German Army. He
was educated in his native country at the Gymna-
sium at Plauen, Saxony, and at the Fiirstenschule,
at Meissen, Saxony. In 1S87 he came to America
to follow advanced studies at American Universities,
chiefly under Professor Whitney. He entered the
Graduate Department of Yale, and after one year of
study was granted an honorary degree of Master of
Arts. Two years later, 1890, he received from Yale
the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. The ensuing
year was spent in Vanderbilt University of Nash-
ville, Tennessee, where he held a Fellowship in
Greek. In the same year he was elected a member
of the American Oriental Society. In 1891 he was
elected Instructor in German and Comparative
Philology at Yale, and went to New Haven to
accept the position. His ability and thorough
knowledge of his subjects won him, in 1895, the
appointment as Professor of Comparative Philology ;
he is at present at Yale in this capacity. He is a
member of the Graduates' Club of New Haven.
Professor Oertel has published numerous papers
and memoirs during the past ten years in the Pro-
ceedings and the Journal of the American Oriental
Society, in Bezzenberger's Beitrage, in the American
Journal of Philology, in the Journal of American
Folk-Lore, and elsewhere. His bibliography of the
late William Dwight Whitney, originally published
with Professor Oertel's obituary of that eminent ori-
entalist in Bezzenberger's Beitrage, was enlarged and
reprinted in 1S97 in the Whitney Memorial edited
by Professor C. R. Lanman of Harvard. Two im-
portant series of Contributions from the Jaiminiya
Brahmana to the History of Brahmana Literature

TAYLOR, Robert Longley, 1861-

Born in New Rochelle, N. Y., 1861 ; graduated at
Hamilton College, New York, 1882; taught one year in
Kansas State University; for four years a teacher in
Constantinople, Turkey; taught in Pottstown, Penn ;
Instructor in French at Yale, 1894-

OBERT LONGLEY TAYLOR, Instructor in
French at Vale, was born in New Rochelle,
New York, November 21, 1861. He is the son of

R. L. lAVLOR

James Henry and Frances Caroline (Hitchings)
Taylor. His first American ancestor was John
Taylor, who came to this country in 1638. Mr.
Taylor graduated from Hamilton College, of Clin-
ton, New York, in 1SS2. He then started his work
as a teacher, and for the last fifteen years he has
been engaged in that work, having held in that time
several important positions. His first teaching was
at the Kansas State University, where he stayed for
one year. He then went to Constantinople, Tur-
key, and for four years was a teacher in Robert
College in that city. Then for seven years he
taught in the Hill School at Pottstown, Pennsylvania,
and since 1S94 he has been Instructor in French at
Vale. Mr. Taylor is a Republican in politics.

UNIVERSITIES JND THEIR SONS

S7'

PATTON, Francis Landey, 1843-

Born in Warwick Parish, Bermuda, 1843; educated
at University of Toronto, and Princeton Theological
Seminary, Class of 1865 ; became Pastor Eighty-fourth
Street Presbyterian Church, New York city, June, 1865;
Pastor Presbyterian Church in Nyack, New York, 1867-
70; Pastor South Church, Brooklyn, New York; Pro-
fessor of Theology in Northwest (now McCormick)
Seminary, Chicago. 1872-81, also supplying pulpit of the
Jefferson Park Presbyterian Church and acting as
Editor of The Interior ; called to Princeton Theological
Seminary, 1881. to fill the Chair of Relations of Philos-
ophy and Science to the Christian Religion ; appointed
to the Chair of Ethics in the College. 1886; succeeded
Dr, McCosh as President of Princeton College, June
1888. Received degree of D.D. from Hanover College,
Indiana, 1872, and from Yale, 1888, and LL.D. from
Wooster University, Ohio, 1878, Harvard. 1889. and
University of Toronto. 1894.

FRANCIS LANDEY PATTON, D.D., LL.D.,
President of Princeton University, was bom
in Warwick Parish, Bermmla, January 22, 1843, of
Scotch and English ancestry. His family settled in
Bermuda nearly two hundred years ago. He is
also descended from an old Huguenot family,
through which he holds ancestral relations with
the pre- Revolution days of New York city. He
received his preliminary classical education in Ber-
muda, under the direction of an excellent Scotch
master, and subsequently pursued his studies in the
LTniversity of Toronto, Canada, giving special at-
tention to philosophy and the Latin and Cheek
classics. In 1863, at the age of twenty, he came
to Princeton, and graduated at the Theological
Seminary in 1S65. While a student in Princeton
his mind was much absorbed by those abstruse
studies which he has since pursued with so much
distinction, — church history, metaphysics, and sys-
tematic theology. In June, 1S65, he was ordained
to the ministry, and became Pastor of the Eighty-
fourth Street Presbyterian Church of New York
city. Remaining in this charge for two years, he
then became Pastor of the Presbyterian Ch\irch
at Nyack, New York, where he labored from
1867 to 1870. He was next Pastor of the South
Church in Brooklyn, New York, but at the end of
nine months he resigned to accept the Cyrus H.
jMcCormick professorship in the Northwest (now
McCormick) Seminary, Chicago. Here he labored
from 1872 to 1881, for the last seven years of this
period also preaching in the Jefferson Park Pres-
byterian Church, and during a large part of the
time acting as Editor of The Interior. In 1S78,
Dr. Patton was elected Moderator of the General

Assembly which met at Pittsburg, and at the next
General Assembly, which met in Saratoga, he
preached the opening sermon. In 188 1, his repu-
tation as a scholar and thinker led to his being
called to the Theological Seminary at Princeton,
to fdl the Chair of the Relations of Philosophy
and Science to the Christian Religion. While
holding this chair — which it should be said was
founded and endowed for Dr. Patton, by the
late Robert L. Stewart — he was also, in 1886,
appointed to the Chair of Ethics in the College.
He continued to discharge the duties of both posi-

FRAJMCIS L. PATTON

tions until June 1888, when he succeeded Dr.
McCosh as President of Princeton College. .As an
administrator of College affairs. President Patton
has demonstrated the possession of unusual ])ower
and ability. This is all the more remarkable
when it is considered that his especial strength
as a scholar lies in those studies pertaining to
the philosophy of religion, — studies that not un-
frequently lead men away from the realities of life.
He has not abandoned the function of teaching
since becoming President of the institution, and
believes that a leader of opinion in a College should
e.xercise an active influence as a teacher in the
teaching bodv. President Patton is now in the
eleventh \ear of his administration. Duriiiu; the first

572

VNIV^RSin^S AND "TtiEIR SONS

year the total number of students enrolled was
six hundred and sixty-seven ; the total number
enrolled in 1896 was upwards of one thousand.
The faculty in 1888 numbered forty-six; now
there are over eighty professors and instructors.
Of the thirty and more buildings that belong to
the college, ten or a dozen have been built during
his Presidency. The corporate name — the Col-
lege of New Jersey, at Princeton — hardly repre-
sents the broad character of the institution, for it
is both ife facto and de jure a university. Dr.
Patton's aim from the first has been to broaden
the work of the institution in all lines of legiti-
mate university development, as rapidly as the
funds of the college will permit. Its growth
therefore has been natural and steady, and its
development from 1S88 to 1897 has been great.
President Patton is at the head of a truly grand
and growing institution, and it is by all conceded
that his strong individuality has had much to do
with Princeton's present high standing in the
world of letters. During the early years of his
ministerial labors Dr. Patton devoted a large part
of his time to study, and articles and reviews
were rapidly produced by him which attracted
the attention of the religious world. In 1869
his Treatise on Inspiration was published by
the Presbyterian Board of Publication, and his
review of Newman's Grammar of Assent ap-
peared in 1887 in the Princeton Review. These
have been followed by other and many valuable
productions. Dr. Patton received his degree of
Doctor of Divinity from Yale University in 18S8,
and that of Doctor of Laws from Harvard Uni-
versity in 1889. He is one of a few men who
have received the honorary degree of LL.D.
from the University of Toronto, this distinction
having been conferred upon him in 1894. Dr.
Patton was married in the fall of 1865 to Rose
Antoinette Stevenson, daughter of the Rev. J. M.
Stevenson, D.fX

PENNINGTON, Samuel Hayes, 1806-

Born in Newark, N. J., 1806; graduated at Princeton,
1825 ; and at the Medical Department of Rutgers, 1829 ;
chosen a Trustee of Princeton, 1856; and President of
the Board of Trustees of Princeton Theological Sem-
inary, 1876.

SAMUEL H.-\YES PENNINGTON, INLD.,
LL.D., Trustee of Princeton, was born in
Newark, New Jersey, October 16, 1S06. His father

was Samuel Pennington, for many years Editor of
the Newark Sentinel of Freedom, and at one time
Speaker of the New Jersey House of Representa-
tives, and he is a cousin of the late Hon. William
Pennington, Governor of that state from 1837 to
1843. Graduating from Princeton in 1825 and
from the Medical Department of Rutgers in 1829,
he engaged in practice in Newark and for many
years was one of the leading physicians of that city.
In 1856 he became a Trustee of Princeton, which
made him a Doctor of Laws in 1895, and in 1876
he was elected President of the Board of Trustees

S. H. PENNINGTON

of the Princeton Theological Seminary. Dr. Pen-
nington is widely known as an able medical writer
and is also the author of numerous articles upon
educational and other subjects of general interest.
He is a member of the Royal Botanical Society,
Ratisbon, and of the Medical Society of Munich,
Bavaria ; honorary member of the Medical Societies
of Connecticut and New Jersey and has been Presi-
dent of the latter and of the New Jersey Historical
Society, was for eighteen years member of the
Board of Education of his native city and many
years its President. He was chosen President of
the Newark City National Bank in 1857 and still
holds that position.

UNIFERSiriES AND THEIR SONS

573

PAXTON, William Miller, 1824-

Born in Maria Furnace, Adams Co., Penn., 1824;
received his preliminary education at Fairfield and
Gettysburg, Penn. ; graduated from Pennsylvania Col-
lege at Gettysburg, in the Class of 1843 ; studied law
for two years in Gettysburg ; then entered Princeton
Theological Seminary, graduating there in 1848; or-
dained to the Ministry of the Presbyterian Church by
the Presbytery of Carlisle, Penn., in 1848; Pastor of
Presbyterian Church at Greencastle, Penn. from 184810
1850; from 1851 to 1865 was Pastor of First Presbyte-
rian Church in Pittsburgh, Penn. ; Professor of Sacred
Rhetoric in \A/estern Theological Seminary, at Alle-
gheny, Penn., 1860-65 ; Pastor First Presbyterian Church
in New York from 1866 to 1883 ; was Lecturer on Sacred
Rhetoric in Union Theological Seminary, New York,
from 1872 to 1875; since 1883 has been Professor of
Ecclesiastical Homiletical and Pastoral Theology in
Princeton Theological Seminary.

WILLI.VM MILLER P.VXTON, D.D., LL.D..
Trustee of Princeton and Professor of
Ecclesiastical, Homiletical and Pastoral Theology
in Princeton Theological Seminary, was born at
Maria Furnace, Adams county, Pennsylvania, June
7, 1824, son of James Dunlop and Jane Maria
(Miller) Paxton. He is descended from well-known
Pennsylvania families. His paternal great-grand-
father, John Paxton and his grandfather, William
Paxton, both served in the Revolutionary Army,
the latter afterwards becoming a Presbyterian min-
ister and laboring as Pastor of the Lower Marsh
Creek Church in Adams county, Pennsylvania, for
forty-nine years. Another great-grandfather, James
Dimlop, was an officer in the War of the Revolution,
and his maternal grandfither \Mlliam Miller, also
served in the RevoUitionary Army, and was subse-
quently a member of the Pennsylvania Legislature
for twenty-seven consecutive years. In his early
youth Professor Paxton attended school at Millers-
town (now Fairfield) and at Gettysburg, Pennsyl-
vania. He graduated from Pennsylvania College
in (iettysburg, in the Class of 1S43. After study-
ing law for two years in Gettysburg, he decided to
study for the ministry, and with this object in view,
entered Princeton Theological Seminary, from which
he graduated with the Class of 184S. In his grad-
uation year he was ordained to the Presb\'terian
ministry by the Presbytery of Carlisle, Pennsylvania,
and was also installed Pastor of the Presbyterian
Church at Greencastle, Pennsylvania. From iS6r
to 1S65 he was Pastor of the First Presbyterian
Church at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and from i860
to 1865, was also Professor of Sacred Rhetoric at
Western Theological .Sfuiinarv in Allegheny, Penn-
sylvania. In 1S66 he was called to the Pastorate

of the First Presbyterian Church in New York, a
charge he held for seventeen years, and during this
time was also for a term of three years (1872-1875)
Lecturer on Sacred Rhetoric in Union Theological
Seminary in New York. In 1S83 he was called to
Princeton as Professor of Ecclesiastical, Homiletical
and Pastoral Theology in Princeton Theological
Seminary, a Chair he fills at the present time.
During the years from 1851 to the i)resent time
Professor Paxton has held and still fills, various
ecclesiastical and educational offices, having been
a Director of the Western Theological Seminary for
fourteen years, from 1851 to 1865; a Trustee of

WlLLI.iM M. P.iXTON

Jefferson College from 1853 to 1865 ; a member of
the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian
Church from 1866 to the present time, and Presi-
dent of the Hoard from 18S1 to 1SS3. From 1866
to 18S0 he was a member of the Board of Home
Missions of the Presbyterian Church ; a Director of
the Princeton Theological Seminary from 1867 to
1883 and a Trustee of Princeton College for the
last thirty-two years. He was also Moderator of
the General Aisembly, Presbyterian Chinch of the
United States of America, in 1880. He received
the degree of Doctor of Divinity from Jefferson
College, Pennsylvani.i in i860, and that of Doctor
of Laws from Wasningtou and Jefferson College in

574

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

1883. Professor Paxton has been twice married.
His first marriage was in July 1852, to Hester V.
P)., daughter of Colonel Wickes of Chestertown,
Maryland. His second wife was Caroline Sophia
Denny, of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to whom he
was married November 8, 1855. He has eight
children : four sons, James Dunlop, William Miller,
Harmar Denny and J. Donaldson Paxton, all Prince-
ton Alumni ; and four daughters, Amy M. (Paxton)
Roberts, Caroline Denny (Paxton) Mudgt, Eliza-
beth and Margaretta Paxton.

COVINGTON, Harry Franklin, 1870-

Born in Snow Hill, Maryland, 1870; fitted for College
at Manfrin's University School at Ellicott City, Md. ;
graduated Princeton, Class of 1892 ; Fellow in Oratory
in Princeton, 1892-93; later was appointed Assistant in
Oratory; since June i8g8 has been Assistant Professor
in Oratory at Princeton.

HARRY FRANKLIN COVINGTON, A.M.,
Assistant Professor of Oratory at Princeton,
was born in Snow Hill, Maryland, April 6, 1870,
son of George \V. and Sallie (Bishop) Covington.
He received his preliminary etlucation at the high
school in his native town and in Manfrin's Univer-
sity School at Ellicott City, Maryland. He gradu-
ated from Princeton in the Class of 1892, receiving
the degree of Bachelor of Arts at the time of his
graduation, and subsequently that of Master of Arts
from his alina mater. He was Fellow in Oratory
at Princeton from 1892 to 1893, was appointed
.Assistant in Oratory in 1893, and since June 1898,
has been Assistant Professor in Oratory in the
University.

Ruter and Martha Jane (Haughton) (!oney. He
was fitted for College at the Woodward High
School in Cincinnati, Ohio, entering Princeton in
September 1881 and graduating a Bachelor of Arts
with the Class of 1885. The following year he was
made Tutor of Latin and Greek in the .\cademy at
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, where he remained until
1889, when he accepted a similar position in Hill-
man Academy at Wilkesbarre, Pennsylvania. In
1 89 1 he was a Fellow in Social Science at Princeton
and was also appointed Instructor in History in the
University. In July 1892, he went abroad and

CONEY, John Haughton, 1862-

Born in Cincinnati, O., 1862 ; fitted for College at
Woodward High School, in Cincinnati, O. ; graduated
Princeton, 1885 ; Tutor in Latin and Greek in Harris-
burg, Penn., Academy, i886-8g ; degree of Master of
Arts from Princeton, 1888 ; taught in Hillman Academy
in Wilkesbarre, Pa., 1889-91 ; Fellowship in Social
Science at Princeton, 1891-92 ; Instructor in History at
Princeton, 1891-92 ; studied in Universities of Greifs-
wald and Berlin, Germany, 1892-94; returned to Prince-
ton as Instructor in History, 1894; Assistant Professor
of History, Princeton, 1898-

JOHN HAUGHTON CONEY, A.M., Assistant
Professor of History at Princeton, was born
in Cincinnati, Ohio, March 8, 1862, son of Martin

JOHN H. CONEY

spent two years in study at the Universities of
Greifswald and Berlin, Germany. He returned to
Princeton to resume his position of Instructor in
History in September 1894, and in 1898 was pro-
moted to be Assistant Professor in History. He
received the degree of Master of- Arts from Prince-
ton in 1888. He is a member of the American
Historical Association and of the Nassau Club of
Princeton. Professor Coney has never allied him-
self with either the Republican or Democratic party,
his political views being of the independent order,
favoring a tariff for revenue only, and the single
gold standard. He is opposed to the permanent
holding of the Philippines by the United States.
He is unmarried.

UNIVERSITIES AND TIIEIR SONS

575

LOW, Seth, 1850-

Born in Brooklyn, N. Y., 1850; received his early
education in the Brooklyn Juvenile High School,
Brooklyn Collegiate and Polytechnic Institute ; A.B.,
Columbia, 1870, entered the employ of A. A. Low &
Brothers in i£'70, and became a member of the firm in
1875 ; President of the Bureau of Charities of Brook-
lyn ; Mayor of the city, 1882-85; honorary LL.D.,
Amherst College and also University of the State of
New York, i8Eg ; LL.D., Harvard, University of
Pennsylvania and Trinity College, iSgo, and Princeton,
1896; chosen to the Presidency of Columbia in 1889;
in 1885 gave to the University $1,000,000 for a new
library building; nominated for the first Mayor of the
enlarged city of New York by the Citizens' Union in
!8g6: and notwithstanding the failure of all of the
reform elements to coalesce in opposition to Tam-
many Hall, came in second in the poll, passing the
regular Republican Candidate an ong others ; delegate
and Chairman of the American delegation to the Peace
Conference at the Hague, i8gg.

Sia'H LOW, LL.D., President of Columbia, is
descended from old New EnghTiid ancestors.
His paternal grandfather removed from Salem,
Massachusetts, to Brooklyn, New York, in 1S2S,
and became a prosperous merchant in the latter
city, being several times chosen to public office by
liis fellow-citizens. His father, .\biel Abbott Low
founded the mercantile house of A. A. Low &
Company, and it grew under his guidance and
management to the leading house in America in
the China trade. Seth Low received his early
education in the Brooklyn Juvenile High School
and the Collegiate and Polytechnic Listitute. He
entered Columbia in 1866, graduating in 1870,
and immediately became a clerk in his fiither's
establishment. Five years later he entered the
firm. Mr. Low has always been interested in
whatever tended to promote the cause of good
government in his native city, and it was mainly
through his efforts that the loose methods in
vogue in the administration of the public charities
were remedied. He was instrumental in the estab-
lishment of the Bureau of Charities on the present
system, and was made its first President. The
active and efficient manner in which he carried on
tlie work of his office formed a startling comparison
to the lax conditions previously in force, and went
far toward securing his triumphant election to the
Mayoralty in 1882. He carried out the ])romises
made during his campaign that his administration
should be a business, non-partisan one, and the
appreciation of his constituents was shown in his
election to a second term. In 1SS9 Mr. Low was
chosen President of Columbia, and received the

degree of Doctor of Laws from the University of
the -State of New York antl ,\mherst College. The
College has made wonderftil strides under his ad-
ministration. The several departments of the Col-
lege, hitherto seixirate and without that degree of
cohesion which was necessary to bring out their
best work, were united and placed tmder the charge
of a L'niversity ("ouncil created for that i)uri)osc,
:ind the welding of the \-arious brandies into a
complete l'niversity was accomplished before Mr.
Low had directed its destinies for three years.
After several years of agit;;tion, and in great part

SETH LOW

through the earnest efforts of the President, the
L'ni\ersity in 1892 decided to move farther up-
town, and in 1894 the work of erecting the present
handsome and commodious buildings near Morn-
ingside Park was begun. He donated in 1895 the
magnificent sum of J 1,000,000 for the erection of
a library building, and it was also through his efforts
that the Columbia University Press was established.
He received the degree of Doctor of Laws in 1890
from Harvard, the University of Pennsylvania and
Trinity College, and in 1896 from Princeton.
President Low continued to take an active interest
in all the movements against corrujit government
in New York City, and was an active sup])orter of
the Committee of Citizens which brought about

S7^

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

the overthrow of Tammany Hall and the election
of William L. Strong as Mayor of New York City
in 1894. In 1896, under the first election for
city officers of the enlarged city ot New York, Mr.
Low was nominated for Mayor by a Citizens' Union
which represented the best elements among the
voters of the city. There was discord among the
various reform elements, however, and although
Mr. Low came in second in the poll, defeating the
regular Republican candidate, the Tammany can-
didate was elected. He had, however, made a
showing almost without precedent in the political
history of the city for an independent candidate
without the endorsement of either great political
party. In 1899 Mr. Low was one of the delegates
from the LTnited States to the Peace Conference
held at the Hague as the result of the pronuncia-
mento of the Czar of Russia in the previous year.
He served as Chairman of the American dele-
gation, and was active in laying before the confer-
ence and advocating the principles of protection
for private property at sea, universal arbitration,
and others tending to lessen the horrors of war.
He married, December 8, 1880, Annie \V. S.,
daughter of the Hon. Benjamin R. Curtis, Justice
of the United States Supreme Court. They have
no children.

MATTHEWS, Brander, 1852-

Born in New Orleans, La., 1852; educated at Anthon
and Charlier Schools; A.B., Columbia, 1871 ; LL.B.,
Columbia Law School, 1873; served for some time
as private secretary to his father, contributing also
to 'periodicals ; published his first book in 1880, which
was followed by many others; lecturer in English at
Columbia, i8gi ; Professor of Literature since 1892 ;
one of the most widely known of American literary
men of the present day.

BRANDER MATTHEWS, LL.B., Professor of
Literature at Columbia and one of the most
notable figures in the literary world of to-day, was
born in New Orleans, Louisiana, February 21,
1852, son of Edward and Virginia Brander Mat-
thews, and is seventh in direct descent from J^mes
Matthews, who settled in Cape Cod early in the
seventeenth century. His parents removed to New
York City four years later, and he was educated at
the Anthon and Charlier Schools, entering Columbia
in 1867. He was class poet, and graduated in
18 7 1 with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. After
the completion of his course in the Academic De-

partment, Professor Matthews studied law at the
Columbia Law School, graduating as Bachelor of
Laws in 1873. He never practised law, however,
but served as Private Secretary to his father for
several years, contributing occasionally to magazines
and periodicals during this period. His first book,
Theatres of Paris, appeared in 1880, and was fol-
lowed in 1881 by French Dramatists of the Nine-
teenth Century. He has since published a number
of other books of criticism — Pen and Ink, 1888;
Americanisms and Briticisms, 1893 ; .Aspects of
Fiction, 1S9C; and an Introduction to the Study

BRANDER MAITHEWS

of American Literature, 1896, of which last more
than fifty thousand copies sold in three years. As
a writer of fiction Professor Matthews has made a
specialty of life in New York. Among his best-
known books in this line may be mentioned : Vi-
gnettes of Manhattan (1894) ; His Father's Son
(1895) ; OuUines in Local Color (1897) ; A Con-
fident To-morrow (1899) and The Action and the
^^'ord (1900). Mr. Matthews is equally notable as
a dramatist, and many of his plays have met with
marked success. One of the best-known of his
dramatic works is Peter Stuyvesant, written in col-
laboration with Bronson Howard, and first acted in
1899. He was appointed lecturer in English litera-
ture at Columbia in 1S91, and in the following year

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

577

was called to his present position. Me was one of
the founders of the Autiiors' ( lub, the Players', the
American Co[)yright League, and the Dunlap Soci-
ety, and an earnest worker in the movement which
resulted in the establishment of the Columbia Uni-
versity Press. He is also a member of the Century
Club and the Delta Psi Society of New York. Pro-
fessor Matthews married, May lo, 1S73, .Ada S.
Smith, of London, luigland. His one child, Edith
V. B. ISLatthews, is also becoming well-known as a
writer.

OTIS, Fessenden Nott, 1825-

Born in Ballston, N. Y., 1825; graduated at the New
York Medical College, 1852; Steamship Surgeon till
i86i ; Police Surgeon in New York till 1872; President
of the Medical Board of the Police Department, 1870-
72; Lecturer on Genito-Urinary Diseases at Columbia,
1867-73; Clinical Professor of Venereal Diseases, 1871-
91 ; and now Professor Emeritus.

FESSENDEN NOTT OTIS, M.D., Emeritus
Professor at Columbia, was born in Ballston,
New York, May 6, 1825. His early education was
acquired at the Fairfield and .Amsterdam Academies,
and he was a medical student at the University of
the City of New York and the New York Medical
College, graduating from the latter in 1S52. Enter-
ing the employ of the Pacific Mail Steamship Com-
pany as a Surgeon he remained in that service until
i<S6[, when he was appointed Police Surgeon in
New York, serving as such for more than ten years,
and from 1S70 to 1872 was President of the Police
Department Medical Boartl. He was in the mean-
time .Attending Physician to the iVmilt Dispensary,
was President of the Medical Board of Stranger's
Hospital from 1871 to 1873; has twice filled the
office of President of the Charity Hospital Medical
Board, and was appointed Visiting Surgeon to that
institution in 1874. He has also been Consulting
Surgeon to several other New York hospitals, and
his private practice has been large and lucrative.
From 1S67 to 1873 he lect\ired upon Diseases of the
Genito-Urinary Organs at the Medical Department
of Columbia, was made Clinical Professor of Vene-
real Diseases in 187 1, and retired from that Chair
as Professor Emeritus in 1S91. Dr. Otis has in-
vented several valuable surgical instruments and
appliances, and has published numerous papers rel-
ative to his specialty. He is also the author of His-
tory of the Panama Railroad ; Tropical Journeyings ;
and Lessons in Drawing.
VOL. II. — 37

PINE, John B.,

Born in Dubuque, Iowa ; A. B. Columbia, 1877 ; LL.B.
Columbia Law School, 1879 and admitted to the Bar;
has since been engaged in practice in New York City,
and has been an earnest worker for good government ;
trustee of Columbia University since 1890, and clerk of
the board since 1891.

JOHN P.. Pn\E, LL.B., Trustee of Columbia and
C'lerk of the Board, was born in Dubuque, Iowa.
He fitted for College at a private school, graduated
from Cohmibia in 1877 with the degree of Bachelor
of .Arts, and subsequently studied law in Cohnnbia
Law School. He was admitted lo the liar in 1S79,

JOHN 15. PINE

and was soon after appointed attorney for the Society
for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, a position
whicli he held for eight years. His jiractice has
been largely in real estate and the inan.agement of
estates, and he has at different times represented
the State Charities .Aid .Association, the Civil Service
Refonri .Association, several savings banks, the New
York Trade School, the Church of the Holy Com-
munion, and several banking institutions. Mr. Pine
has taken an active part in the efforts which have
been made to secure better government for New
York City, and served as Secretary of the Citizens'
Committee on High License from 1887 to 1890.
and as one of the Committee on P^xcise appointed

57^

UNIJ'ERSITIES JND Til EI K SONS

by the Chamber of Commerce in 1S96 ; he \v;is
also one of those who organized the Citizens' Com-
mittee on PiibHc School Reform, which secured the
enactment of the new School Law passed in that
year. He was one of the originators of the Citi-
zens' Union in 1S97, and had much to do with
drafting its platform and projecting the plan of or-
ganization. When the Union was formally organized
he was appointed a member of the Executive Com-
mittee and Chairman of the Sub-Committee on
Enrollment and District Organization, and through-
out the campaign he was one of the leaders in the
movement. Mr. Pine is a member of the Bar
Association, the University, Century, City and Down
Town Clubs, and of the St. Nicholas Society, of
which he was for several years the Secretary. He
was one of the founders of the University Settle-
ment Society and served for several terms on its
Council. He is also a Manager of St. Luke's Hos-
pital. Since his graduation in 1877, Mr. Pine has
always taken an active part in the affairs of the
University, and was a member of the Standing
Committee on the Alumni Association before he
was elected a 'Trustee of the University in 1890.
Li the following year he was elected Clerk of the
Board, which office he now holds. In an article in
the LTniversity Bulletin, President Low credits Mr.
Pine with being the one to suggest the purchase of
the magnificent site on Morningside Heights in
which the University has recently Taeen established.
He has been Secretary of the Building Committee
since the work of planning the buildings was begun,
and has taken an active interest in the management
of the affairs of the LTniversity.

jirivate instruction, and he took his Bachelor's de-
gree at Lafayette in 1S80. From 1880 to 18S2 he
studied at Cottingen, Leipzig, Paris and Geneva, and
after a year's Fellowship at Johns Hopkins he re-
turned to Leipzig as student and Assistant taking
the degree of Doctor of Philosophy there in 1886.
The years from 1886 to 1888 were spent in Eng-
land as student and Lecturer at Cambridge Univer-
sity, whence he was called to the Chair of Psychology
at the LTniversity of Pennsylvania, which he occupied
until 1 89 1. Called to Columbia in the latter year

J. McKEEN CAITELL

CATTELL, James McKeen, 1860-

Born in Easton, Penn., i860; graduated at Lafayette
College, 1880; studied abroad until 1882; Fellow of
Johns Hopkins till 1883; student and Assistant at the
University of Leipzig till 1886 ; Lecturer University of
Cambridge, England, 1888; Professor of Psychology
University of Pennsylvania, till 1891 ; of Experimental
Psychology, Columbia, till 1896, and chosen Professor
of Psychology the latter year.

JAMES McKEEN CATTELL, A.M., Ph.D.,
Professor of Psychology at Columbia, was born
in Easton, Pennsylvania, ALay 25, i860, son of W.
C. Cattell, D.D., LL.D., (formerly President of
Lafayette College) and Elizabeth McKeen Cattell.
His early education was obtained chiefly under

as Professor of Experimental Psychology, he ex-
changed the Chair in 1896 for that of Psychology,
and still retains that post. L")r. Cattell was Presi-
dent of the .American Psychological Association in
1895, and Vice-President of the .American .Associa-
tion for the Advancement of Science in 189S; is a
Fellow of the New York Academy of Sciences, and
a member of the American Philosophical Society,
the American Physiological Society, the American
Society of Naturalists and the London Aristotehan
and Neurological Societies. He is Co-editor of
the Psychological Review and Editor of Science.
On December 11, iSSS, he married Josephine
Owen, of London ; they have two sons and two
daughters.

UNirERSlTlES AND THEIR SONS

579

CHANDLER, Charles Frederick, 1836-

Born in Lancaster, Mass., 1836 ; graduate of Law-
rence Scientific School, Harvard ; studied abroad at the
Universities of Berlin and Gottingen ; Ph.D., (Gbttin-
gen) 1856 ; Assistant in Chemistry, Union College, 1857 ;
promoted to Professor, 1858; in 1864, with Professors
Egleston and Vinton established the Columbia School
of Mines, and became Dean of its Faculty; 1866,
Chemist of the New York Board of Health ; appointed
President in 1873 and again in 1877; honorary degree of
M.D., University of New York, 1873; honorary degree
of LL.D., (Union College) 1873; Professor of Chem-
istry and Medical Jurisprudence, College of Physicians
and Surgeons, 1876 ; Professor of Chemistry at Colum-
bia, 1877; President of the Convention of Chemists
which met in Northumberland, England, in 1884, to
celebrate the anniversary of the discovery of oxygen
by Priestly.

CHARLES FREDERICK CH.ANDLER, M.D.,
Ph.D., LL.D., Dean of the School of Mines
and Professor of Chemistry at Columbia, was born
in the town of Lancaster, Massachusetts, December
6, 1S36. He received his early education through
private instruction, and then went to the Lawrence
Scientific School of Harvard. After finishing his
course there he went abroad and spent some time
in study at the Universities of Berlin and Gottingen,
Germany, receiving the degree of Doctor of Phil-
osophy from the latter institution in 1856. Return-
ing to America he was made in 1857 Assistant in
Chemistry at Union College, and this was followed
by his appointment as Professor in the following
year. Dr. Chandler remained at LTnion for seven
years, coming to New York in 1S64. In that year,
he, with Professors Egleston and Vinton established
the Columbia School of Mines in New York City,
Dr. Chandler becoming Dean of its Faculty. Two
years later he was appointed Chemist of the New
York City Board of Health, and after seven years of
service in this capacity was appointed President of
the Board in 1873, and re-appointed on the ex-
piration of his term in 1877. His valuable services
while connected with the Board of Health were man-
ifold. He organized a rigid system of milk inspec-
tion, the value of which may be estimated when it
is stated that it prevented adulteration which had
amounted to $10,000 daily. Among his other espe-
cial services there may be mentioned the procure-
ment of legislation against adulterated food, and
against inferior grades of kerosene likely to cause
acci<lent ; the institution of reforms in regard to
slaughter houses ; and successful efforts to obtain
legislation calluig for better light and ventilation in
tenement-iiouses. The animal death rate of children

under five years of age has been reduced five
thousand annually by these reforms. In pursuing
liis sanitary investigations he also made investiga-
tions in regard to the water-supply of Albany,
Brooklyn and New York, and careful analyses of
the mineral springs of Ballston, Saratoga, Chitten-
ango, Florida and others. Union College conferred
upon him the iionorary degree of Doctor of Laws
in 1873, and New York University the honorary
degree of Doctor of Medicine in the same year.
Professor Chandler was appointed to the Chair of
Cdiemistry and Medical Jurisprudence of the Col-

C. F. CHANDLER

lege of Physicians and Surgeons in 1876, and Pro-
fessor of Chemistry at Columbia in the following
year. He presided at the Convention of Chemists
which met in Northumberland, England, in 1864,
in celebration of Priestly's discovery of oxygen.
Contributions from Professor Chandler have ap-
peared frequently in the American Journal of Science,
the .American Chemist, and similar ])eriodicals, and
he has delivered a number of lectures on water,
photography, and kindred topics. He is a member
of Chemical societies in New York, London, Paris
and Piedin, of the National .\cademy of Sciences in
this country, and of numerous scientific societies.
He has never taken an active part in politics, and
is unm.Trried.

UNlJ'ERSiriES AND ^IlEIR SONS

KEENER, 'William Albert, 1856-

Born in Augusta, Ga., 1856; A.B., Emory College,
Oxford, Ga., 1874: LL.B., Harvard Law School, 1877;
spent one year in postgraduate study there, 1877-78:
admitted to the New York Bar in 1879, and practised
law there until 1883; Assistant Professor of Law, Har-
vard, 1883; Professor, 1888, appointed to the Story
Professorship of Law ; Professor of Law, Columbia,
1890; Dean of Columbia Law School since 1891.

WII,LI.\M .MISKRT KKKNKR, LIJ).,
Dl-.-ih of the Columbia Law School, was
born in Augusta, Georgia, March 10, 1856. His
father, Heiiry Keener, was of German descent.

WILLI.AM A. KEENER

while his mother, Isabella Coulson, came of an
English family. He was educated and fitted for
College at private schools in his native city, and
entered Emory College at Oxford, Georgia in 1S71,
graduating with the degree of Rachelor of Arts in
1874. He became a student at Harvard Law
School in 1875 and two years later received the
degree of Bachelor of Laws. After one year of
post-graduate study there during 1877-1 878, he
entered the law office of Scudder & Carter in New
York City and was admitted to the New York Bar
in 1879, and immediately entered upon the prac-
tice of his profession in that city. After having
been engaged in the practice of law for four years
he was in 1883 appointed loan Assistant Profes-

sorship of Law at Harvard. Five years later he
was made a full I'rofessor, and was appointed to
the Story Professorship of Law. He resigned this
jiosition in 1S90 to accept the Kent Professorship
of Law in the Law School of Columbia. He was
made I^ean of Columbia Law School in 1891, and
still holds that position. Lender his wise and effi-
cient direction the institution has been admirably
lirosperous. He is the editor of collection of cases
on contracts, corporations, equity, quasi-contracts,
and the author of a treatise on quasi-contracts.
He married, July 16, 1878, Frances McLeod
Smith. They have one child : Ashley Nixon
Keener. Professor Keener is a member of three
Greek letter fraternities — Phi Beta Kappa, Phi
Delta Theta and Phi Delta Phi; of the Century,
University. City, Harvard and Barnard (Jlubs of
the City of New York, and of the Bar Association
of the City of New York.

SHERMAN, Frank Dempster, 1860-

Born in Peekskill, N. Y., i860; graduated at the
School of Mines, Columbia, 1884; Adjunct Professor
at the Columbia School of Architecture from 1891 to
the present time.

FRANK DEMPSTER SHERMAN, Ph.B.,
Adjunct Professor of Architecture at Colum-
bia, was born in Peekskill, New York, ^Lay 6, i860,
son of John Dempster and Lucy (McFarland) Sher-
man. His preliminary studies were pursued under
the direction of his parents and concluded with a
year's course at the Peekskill Military Academy.
He subsequently entered the Architectural Depart-
ment of School of Mines, Columbia, from which he
was graduated in 1884 with the degree of Bachelor
of Philosophy, and in 1891 was appointed to his
present post in the School of Architecture con-
nected with that University. Professor Sherman is
a member of the Psi ITpsilon fraternity and the
Century Club, New York. On November 17, 18S7
he married Juliet Mersereau Durand, and has one
son, Dempster Durand Sherman, born February 19,
1S90.

VAN AMRINGE, John Howard,

Born in New York City; was graduated A.B.
Columbia, i860, acting as Professor of Latin during
part of his Senior year; Tutor in Mathematics. 1860-
63; A.M. and Adjunct Professor of Mathematics,
1863-64; Professor of Mathematics, and head of the
Department of Mathematics in the School of Mines
at Columbia since 1S65; Professor of Mathematics in
the College and in the Faculty of Pure Science ; Ph.D.

UNirERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

5fii

University of the State of New York, 1877; L.H.D.
Columbia, 1890; Dean of the College since 1894; LL.D.
Union College, 1895; Chairman of Columbia University
Alumni Council.

JOHN HOWARD VAN AMRINGE, Ph.D.,
L.H.D. , LL.D., head of the Department of
Matliematics in Cokimbia University, Dean of Co-
lumbia College, and author of the Historical Sketch
of Columbia in UNIVERSmES AND THEIR
SONS, was fitted for College at a private school,
and his connection with Columbia's Faculty dated
from 1S60. He was the friend and associate of

J. HOWARD VAN AMRINGE

President Barnard in the latter's plans for the ad-
vancement of the interests of the College, and
much of the credit for their success is due to him.
He entered Columbia as a member of the Junior
Class in 1858, graduating with the degree of
Bachelor of Arts in i860 and delivering the Latin
oration at Commencement. In the latter part of
his Senior year he acted as Professor of Latin, and
after graduation held for three years the post of
Tutor in Mathematics. He was made Adjunct
Professor in Mathematics in 1863 and received the
degree of Master of .\rts. On the opening of the
School of Mines of Columbia he was put at the head
of the Department of Mathematics in the School,
and became Professor of Mathematics there in 1865,
which position he still holds in addition to the Pro-

fessorship of Mathematics in the College and in the
University Faculty of Pure Science. He received
the degree of Doctor of Philosophy from the Uni-
versity of the State of New York in 1877 and the
degree of I )octor of Letters from Columbia in 1 890,
and the degree of Doctor of Laws from Union Col-
lege in 1895, upon the occasion of its centennial
celebration. Professor Van Amringe has devoted
practically the whole of his active life to the service
of his a/ina mater. He has written numerous his-
torical and descriptive articles on the University,
and in 1865 prepared an extended and elaborate
general catalogue of officers and graduates of tlie
College containing brief biographical notices of the
Alumni, which has since been published at regular
intervals. He was largely instrumental in reviving
and putting upon a secure foundation the Alumni
Association of the College, and has been for more
than a third of a century an officer of the Asso-
ciation, serving for some time as its President, and
at present as Chairman of the Columbia University
Alumni Coumil. In the field of mathematics Pro-
fessor Van Amringe edited Davies's Series of
Mathematics, and has written numerous articles on
mathematical topics, on life insurance, savings
banks, the calendar, and the like. He was one of
the founders of the New York, now the American,
Mathematical Society, and was its President during
the first two years of its existence ; is a Vice-
President of the American Metrological Society ;
a trustee of the Protestant Episcopal Society for
Promoting Religion and Learning in the State of
New York and a member of its Education Com-
mittee ; a Trustee of the N. Y. P. E. Public School
and Chainnan of its School Committee ; a Trustee
of the General Theological Seminary of the P. E.
Church in the United States and a member of its
Standing Committee ; and a Vestryman of Trinity
Church, New York City. He is, also, a member
of the Academy of Political Science, the Dimlap
Society, the Century, City, Church and Metropoli-
tan Clubs of New York. He is an Indeiwndent,
and a strong supporter of good government on politi-
cal questions. He has served as Acting Presiilent
of the University in the absence of President Low.

LEE, Frederic Schiller, 1859-

Born in Canton, N. Y., 1859; A.B., St. Lawrence
University, 1878: A.M., 1881 ; graduate student in
biology, Johns Hopkins, 1881-1883 ; graduate scholar,
1883-84; Fellow in Biology, 1884-85; Ph.D , 1885;

582

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

special student in physiology, University of Leipzig,
1885-86; teacher of Natural Science, Clinton Liberal
Institute, 1879-81 ; Instructor in Biology, St. Lawrence
University. 1886-87; Instructor in Physiology and Hist-
ology, Bryn Mawr College, 1887-88; Associate, 1888-91 ;
Demonstrator in Physiology, Columbia, 1891-95; Ad-
junct Professor since 1895.

FREDERIC SCHILLER LEE, Ph.D., Adjunct
Professor of Physiology at Columbia, was
born in Canton, New York, June 16, 1859. He is
of New England ancestry on both sides, being de-
scended through his father, John Stebbins Lee,
from John Leigli who came from London to Ips-
wich, Massachusetts, in 1S34. His mother, Elmina
Bennett, was connected with the old Bennett and
Wheeler families of New H.tmpshire. The family
is distinctly academic. John Stebbins Lee was for
several years President of one of the smaller Col-
leges and was a College Professor for a long time ;
and two of the brothers of Frederic Schiller Lee
ha\e held high positions in collegiate work. The
subject of this sketch received his early education
in the district schools of Canton and later in the
village graded school. He entered tlie St. Lawrence
University at Canton in 1874, taking the degree of
Bachelor of Arts in 1878, and that of Master of
Arts three years later. From 1879 to 1881 he also
filled the position of teacher of Natural Science at
the Clinton Liberal School of Fort Plain, New York.
In 1 88 1 he went to Baltimore and took up graduate
study in biology at Johns Hopkins. He was made
graduate scholar in 1883; Fellow in Biology in
18S4 and received the degree of Doctor of Phil-
osophy in 1885, after which he went abroad and
passed a year as a special student in Physiology
under Professors Carl Ludwig and Max von Frey
at the University of Leipzig. He returned to
America and took up pedagogical work as Instructor
in Biology at St. Lawrence University, leaving there
in 1887 to become Instructor in Physiology and
Histology at Bryn Mawr College. He was pro-
moted to Associate in Physiology and Histology in
1888. He left Bryn Mawr in 1891 to become
Demonstrator in Physiology at Columbia and was
made Adjunct Professor in 1895. Professor Lee
has contributed numerous scientific articles to Phys-
iological periodicals of America, England and Ger-
many, and has collaborated in the authorship of
various books on subjects connected with his pro-
fession. He is one of the Board of Editors of the
American Journal of Physiology, and has been for
several years Secretary of the American Physiological
Society. He is also a member of the American

Society of Naturalists, a fellow of the New York
Academy of Sciences and a member of the Century
Club of New York. He comes of Republican stock,
but is himself an Independent, never having, how-
ever, entered actively into politics.

MAYO-SMITH, Richmond, 1854-

Born in Troy, O., 1854 ; received his early education
in the public schools and High School of Dayton ;
A.B., Amherst, 1875; studied in Berlin. 1875-77; 3"<i
at Heidelberg during the summer term of 1878 ; Assist-
ant in Political Science at Columbia, 1877-78 ; Adjunct
Professor of History and Political Science, 1878-83;
Professor of Political Economy and Social Science
since 1883.

ICHMOND M.\YO-SMrrH, M.A., Professor
of Political Economy and Social Science at
Columbia, was born in Troy, Ohio, February 9,

RICHMOND MAYO-SMITH

1854. Through his father Preserved Smith, he is
descended from the Rev. Henry Smith, who came
to this country during 1638 and took up ministerial
work at Wethersfield, Connecticut. His mother
was Lucy Mayo. He received his early education
in the public schools of Dayton, Ohio and at the
Dayton High School, entering Amherst College in
1871 and graduating in 1875. He studied abroad
at the University of Berlin during the two years
followini^, and also at Heidelberg during the sum-

UNIVERSITIES JND THE/R SONS

5H3

mer term of i<S7<S. He was appointed Assistant in
Political Science at C'olmnbia in 1877, and was
promoted to Adjunct Trofessor of History and
Political Science in the following year. In 18S3 he
was elected to his present position in the Chair of
Political 10coni>niy and Social Science. Professor
Mayo-Smith married, June 4, 1884, Mabel Ford.
They have four children : Lucy, .Vmabel, Richmond
and W'orthington Mayo-Smith. lie is a member of
the Century, University and .Authors' Clubs, and is
not actively interested in politics.

MACKAY-SMITH, Alexander, 1850-

Born in New Haven, Conn., 1850; graduated at
Trinity, 1872 ; pursued his divinity studies at the
General Theological Seminary, New York City, and
completed them abroad; Rector of Grace Episcopal
Church, South Boston, 1877-80; became Assistant
Rector of St. Thomas's Church, New York City the
latter year, and first Archdeacon of New York, 1887;
appointed Chaplain of Columbia, i8gi.

ALEXANDER MACKAY-SMITH, D.D., Chap-
lain of Columbia, was born in New Haven,
Connecticut, June 2, 1850. He is a brother of the
Rev. Dr. Cornelius B. Smith, a well-liiiown Epis-
copal clergyman of the metropolis, and Hon. Nathan
Smith, at one time LTnited States Senator from Con-
necticut, was his grandfather. Graduating from
Trinity College, Hartford, in 1S72, he was for some
time a student in tlie General Theologicnl Seminary,
New York, and after concluding his divinity studies
in England and Germany, he took orders in the
Protestant Episcopal Church. Assigned to the
Rectorship of Grace Church, South Boston, in 1877,
he remained there until 1880; when he became
Assistant Rector of St. Thomas's Church, New York,
and was appointed first Archdeacon in 1887. Dr.
Smith was tendered the post of Bishop Coadjutor
of Kansas in 1886, but declined, preferring to re-
main in the metropolis, and in 1891 he accepted
the Chaplaincy of Columbia, which he still holds.
He is an active civil-service reformer, and has
acquired some ilistinction as a poet.

NELSON, Charles Alexander, 1839-

Born in Calais, Me., 1839; educated in academies
and schools in New Brunswick and Maine, and finally
at the High School in Cambridge, Mass.; engaged in
library work at Gorham (Me ) Male Academy, 1854, and
at Cambridge, 1856-61 ; Assistant in Harvard College
Library and Student of Library Science, 1857-60 ; Law-

rence Scientific School, Engineering course, 1861 ; in
business in Boston, 1861-63 ; continued library work at
Harvard, 1863-64, and taught classics and Mathematics
in Collegiate School at Boston; Civil Engineer and
Draughtsman in Quartermaster's Department, U. S.
A., April 1864 to March 1865; held various civil offices
from 1865 to 1873; engaged in book business and
library work in Boston, 1874-81 : Professor of Greek
and Librarian at Drury College, 1877-78; Catalogue
Librarian at the Astor Library, 1881-88; Librarian of
the Howard Memorial Library, New Orleans, 1888-91 ;
Assistant Librarian of the Newberry Library, Chicago,
1891-93; Lecturer at New York State Library School,
and at the Library School of the Pratt Institute, 1894-
98; Deputy Librarian of Columbia University since
1893.

GH.\RLi:S .\I,E.\ANI)ER NELSON, A.M.,
Deputy Librarian of Columbia, was born in
Calais. Maine. April 14. 1S39. He is the son of

C. ALEX. NELSON

Israel Potter and J;ine Capen Nelson, both mem-
bers of old New England families. He received
his early education in various schools in the Unite<l
States and Canada, among them the Ereilericton,
New Brunswick, Academy; private schools at St.
Johns, New Brunswick ; Maine public schools ; the
Academy at Gorham, Maine and the Cambridge,
Massachusetts, High School. He began library
work very young, as Librarian of the Gorham,
Maine, Academy, 1854, and served as Librarian

584

UNJ/'ERSJTJES JND ^IllElR SONS

of the Washington Irving Literary Association of preferment. He was a delegate to the Republican

Cambridge, 1856-61. In 1857 he became As- State Convention held at Raleigh, North Carolina,

sistant in the Harvard College Library and con- 1865. He married July 25, 1872, Emma Norris

tinued there for three years, studying Library of Slaterville, New York. They have two children :

Science at the same time and graduating in i860.
He was Tutor in Latin and Greek in the Albany
Male Academy for one year, then entered the
Lawrence Scientific School, Engineering course,
and, later, was engaged in business in Boston. In
1863 he became Sub-Master and Professor in
Mathematics at the Collegiate School of Boston,
and resumed his library work at Harvard, receiving
the degree of Master of Arts in that year. He en-
tered the service of the United States in 1864 as
Civil Engineer and Draughtsman in the Quarter-
master's Department of the Army. He was .Acting
Superintendent of \\'hite Refugees in the spring of
1865, and in 1S67 had charge of the Registration
work under the Reconstruction Acts in Craven
county. North Carolina. He held various civil
positions, and was later engaged in the book busi-
ness in Boston. He was Professor of Greek and
Librarian of Drury College, Springfield, Missouri
in 1877, but left there in 1878 returning to Boston.
He was for two years Manager of the Old South
Bookstore of Boston and ICditor of the publications
of the firm. From 18S1 to 1888 he was engaged
as Catalogue Librarian of the Astor Library, and
with the aid of three assistants compiled, edited and
published the Catalogue of the Astor Library —
Continuation, a work of four thousand and two
Imndred and seventy-six pages. He has held
various other important professional positions,
among them tliose of Librarian of the Howard
Memorial Library of New Orleans, 18S8-91 ; As-
sistant Librarian of tlie Newberry Library, Chicago,
1891-1S93; was a member of the World's Colum-
bian Exposition Committee of the American Library
Association, 1893 ; Lecturer at the New York State
Library School at Albany and at the Library School
of the Pratt Institute of Brooklyn. He was ap-
pointed to his present position at Columbia in 1893,
where he has edited and i)ublished the catalogue
of the Avery Architectural Library, a vol. of 11 39
pages. Mr. Nelson has published many mono-

Gertrude Jane and Ruth .Augusta Nelson, both
graduates of Cornell.

DeWITT, Thomas, 1791-1874.

Born in Kingston, N. Y., lygi ; graduated Union,
1808; New Brunswick Theological Seminary, 1812:
preached in Dutchess county, New York, 1812-27;
Pastor of the Collegiate Dutch Church, New York City
1827-74; Trustee of Columbia 1858-74, died 1874.

THOMAS DeWITT, S.T.D., Trustee of Colum-
bia, was born in Kingston, New York, Sep-
tember 13, 1 791, and graduated at LTnion in 1808.

THOS. DEWirr

Immediately upon completing his studies for the
ministry at the New Brunswick Theological Sem-

graphs and articles dealing with professional and inary, he was ordained Pastor of the combined con-
kindred subjects and is author of a history of gregations of New Hackensack and Hopewell, in
Waltham, Past and Present ; and Its Industries. Dutchess county. New York, in which service he
He is a member of a number of scientific and other continued for fifteen years. He then in 1827,
societies and has been an officer in most of them, accepted a call to the Collegiate Dutch Church of
He is a Republican and is active in the interest of New York City, with which he remained until his
pure and clean politics, but has declined political death, being the senior clergyman from 1858. He

UNIFERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

5^5

enjoyed the distinction of being one of the last of
the ministers of the Reformed Dutch (. luircli who
could preach in the Dutch language. During his
long pastorate of forty-seven years Dr. DeW'itt pub-
lished very little, even his sermons being usually
unwritten. His activity in church and religious
work, however, was great, and he served as Director
in the Bible, Tract, Colonization and Sunday School
Societies. He was also prominent in the New
York Historical Society, for many years its Vice-
Presideait, and its President in 1S72-74. Dr.
DeWitt was chosen a Trustee of Columbia in 1858
and held that position to the time of his death,
which occurred in New Yprk City, May 18, 1874.

ill a musical paper. lie was subsequently engaged
in other editorial work at different times, and in
1853, still working hard at his pedagogical duties,
he was New York Correspondent of twenty-four
daily and weekly newspapers in dilTerent parts of
the country. He was absolutely a tireless worker,
and from sixteen to eighteen hours a day of hard
mental labor was no unusual occurrence with him.
Professor Quackenbos's school text-books have made
him known throughout the land and beyond. The
earliest of these was First Lessons in Composition
published in 1.S51. More tlian four hundred thou-

QUACKENBOS, George Payn, 1826-1881.

Born in New York City, 1826; fitted for College at
the Columbia Grammar School; graduate of Columbia,
taking the English Salutatory, 1843 ; studied law for a
time but gave it up for teaching and literature ; es-
tablished the Henry Street Grammar School, 1847;
became head of the Collegiate School in 1855 ; estab-
lished in 1848 a weekly paper, the Literary American,
which he conducted for two years ; author of many
school text-books ; received honorary degree of LL.D.
from Wesleyan University; died, 1881.

Gp:orge payn quackenbos, ll.d.,
Benefactor of Columbia and for nearly
twenty-five years the head of the Collegiate School
in New York City, where many of Columbia's
Alumni received their College preparation, was born
in New York City, September 4, 1826. At an early
age he was placed at the Columbia Grammar School
under the direction of Dr. Anthon. He entered
Columbia at the age of thirteen and was graduated
with honor in 1843, taking the English Salutatory.
He spent a year in North Carolina and also studied
law for eighteen months, but abandoned it to take
up teaching and literary work. He established the
Henry Street Grammar School in New York City in
1847. and eight years later became a partner of
William Forrest, whose Collegiate School had then
for forty years enjoyed the highest reputation. After
three years Professor Quackenbos became the sole
head of the School. Under his management its
high reputation and standard of efficiency were
maintained, and even increased where possible,
and its sphere of usefulness was largely extended.
In 1 848, when only twenty-two years old, he estab-
lished a weekly paper, the Literary American which
he conducted for two years, when it became merged

GEO. P. QUACKENBOS

sand copies were printed, and it was even reprinted
for use in the Confederate State schools during the
Civil ^Ya^. This book was followed by the Ad-
vanced Course of Composition and Rhetoric, Eng-
lish Grammar, and First Book in Grammar. He
edited for the Appletons a Paris Edition of Spiers'
French Dictionary. There was need of expedition
in the publication of this work, for another publish-
ing house had in preparation an American edition
of the same work and the editorship of the rival
publication had been intrusted to Dr. Anthon, Pro-
fessor Quackenbos's old teacher, but he so far dis-
tanced Dr. Anthon's edition that its publication was
abandoned. Wesleyan L'uiversity conferred upon
him the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws. Pro-

586

UNII'ERSHIES AND TIJEIR SONS

fessor Quackenbos wrote a Natural I'hilosophy and
also the Arithmetics of Apiiletons' Mathematical
Course, besides a number of text- books on Ameri-
can History and other works. He was one of the
few men who jiaved the way for the expansion of
Columbia College into a University ; who cham-
pioned the reforms President I'.arnard had set on
foot, and who made it possible for the College to
take its present rank aiming the great Universities
of America. He urged the founding of the School
of Political Science many years ago, and also pro-
jected a School of Journalism. His promulgated
theories of education have been justified by their
recent adoption in the School of Pedagogics. He
died on the 24th of July, 18S1, from disease of the
heart aggravated by a shock received by being
thrown from his carriage.

his degree in 1S71 and receiving the degree of
Master of Arts from the I'niversity the same year.
While pursuing his medical course Dr. Quackenbos
accepted from Professor Barnard the position of
'J'utor in Rhetoric and History at the College. He
subsequently served as Instructor in English Litera-
ture. In 1884 he was appointed by the Trustees,
Adjunct Professor of the English Language and
Literature, and in 1891 became Professor of Rhet-
oric in the University and at Barnard College for
Women. As the head of the Department, Professor
Quackenbos at once formed classes in higher

QUACKENBOS, John Duncan, 1848-

Born in New York City, 1848; fitted for College by
his father at the Collegiate School, New York ; A.B.
Columbia, 1868: A.M. Columbia, 1871, and graduate of
the College of Physicians and Surgeons ; Tutor in
Rhetoric and History at Columbia, 1870; later. In-
structor in English Literature ; Adjunct Professor of
the English Language and Literature, 1884 ; Professor
of Rhetoric at Columbia, and Barnard College, the
Woman's Department of the University, i8gi ; Emeri-
tus Professor of Rhetoric since 1893 ; author.

JOHN DUNCAN QUACKENBOS, A.M., M.D.,
Emeritus Professor of Rhetoric at Columbia,
comes of an old Knickerbocker family, being a
direct descendant of Peter Van Quakkenbosch, who
came from Oestgeest, Holland, to New Amsterdam,
about 1670. The family name is associated with
the old Dutch settlements of New Amsterdam and
Beverwyk (now Albany). His father, George Payn
Quackenbos, who married Louise B. Duncan, was
the head of the Collegiate School in New Yo k
City, one of the best known of the preparatory
schools for Columbia College, and was an earnest
worker in the direction of the expansion of the Col-
lege into a University. The subject of this sketch
was born in New York City, April 22, 1848. He
received his early education privately, and was fitted
for College at the Collegiate School under the guid-
ance of his father, entering Columbia and gradu-
ating in 1868 with the highest honors. On his
graduation, he commenced the study of medicine
in the College of Physicians and Surgeons, now
the Medical Department of the University, taking

JOHN D. QUACKENIiOS

rhetoric and criticism and gave material shape to
his conception that such a Department as he repre-
sented should equip substantially for the various
fields of authorship, by introducing laboratory
methods into his seminars. No other American
College and certainly no College in England had
taken this advanced step. Graduates, undergrad-
uates, and auditors of both sexes, were carefully
instructed in technic and taught how to do original
work by the Professor personally. The class-room
was turned into a great literary laboratory in which
writers were finished on the same educational prin-
ciples as are engineers, assayers, and electricians in
a school of technology. At the close of 1S93, Pro-
fessor Quackenbos tendered liis resignation to the

UNIFERSITIES JND TIIKIR SONS

5^7

Hoard of Trustees and was made l''meritiis Professor
of Rhetoric in tiie University. Since then he has
devoted himself to the practice of his ])rofession.
Professor Quackenbos is tiie author of some twenty
standard works on scientific subjects. Those espe-

(I.ord) Tliomas. He received liis early echication
at the pulilic sciiools of Lapeer and vii;inilv, and
entered the University of Micliigan in 1.S70, grachiat-
ing with the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1.S74.
During the ensuing three years he taught Latin and

cially associated with his name are : a History of the Greek in the High School at Grand Rapids, Mi.l,

World; History of Ancient Literature; Apjjleton's
(Jeographies ; History of the English Language ;
Physical Geography ; a text-book of Physics on a
New Basis ; Practical Rhetoric ; Enemies and Evi-
dences of Christianity ; Business English ; Field
Sports as an Economic Factor ; The Educational
and Reformatory Possibilities of Hypnotism. His
medical essays include : Tuberculosis ; its Preva-
lence, Communicability and Prevention ; Typhoid
Fever ; its Causes, Prevention and Treatment, from
the Househokler's Standpoint of Responsibility ;
Causes and Recent Treatment of Neurasthenia;
Conventional, Fraudulent and Accidental Adultera-
tions in Food Stuffs, Medicines, and Articles of
Wear ; Emergency Treatment ; Post Hypnotic Sug-
gestion in the Treatment of Sexual Perversions and
Moral Anesthesia. Dr. Quackenbos is also well
known as a Lecturer on scientific and literary sub-
jects. He is further a sportsman and naturalist of
note, and is to be credited with having brought to
public notice the presence of a fourth cliar in New
England waters, the Salvelinus .Mpinus Aureolus or
American Saibling. He is a member of the New
York Academy of Medicine, the Scientific Alliance
of New York, and the New Hampshire Medical
Society. Professor Quackenbos married, in 1S71,
Laura A. Pinckney of New York. They have four
children : Alice Pinckney, Caroline Duncan, George
Payn, and Kathryn. He is a Republican by polit-
ical conviction.

gan, and in 1877 his ir///ia iiiatcr conferred uji.ni
him the degree of Master of Arts. In the same year
he went abroad and studied at Leipzig for a time,
returning to America in 1878, as Instructor in Mod-
ern Languages at the LTniversity of Michigan. He
was promoted to Assistant Professor in i88i,and was

CAI.VIN THOMAS

THOMAS, Calvin, 1854-

Born near Lapeer, Mich., 1854; A. B. University of
Michigan, 1874 ; Tutor in Latin and Greek, Grand
Rapids High School, 1874-77; A.M. University of
Michigan, 1877; studied in Leipzig. 1877-78; Instructor
in Modern Languages, University of Michigan 1879-
81; Assistant Professor, 1881-85; Professor of Ger-
manic Languages and Literatures, 1885-95 ; Professor
of Germanic Languages and Literatures at Columbia,
succeeding Professor H. H. Boyesen, since 1896.

CALVIN THOMAS, A.M., Professor of Ger-
manic Languages and Literatures at Co-
lumbia, was born near Lapeer, Lapeer county,
Michigan, October 28, 1854. His parents were
Stephen Van Rensselaer Thomas and Caroline Louisa

made Professor of Germanic Languages and Liter-
atures in 1885. In 1S96 he was appointed to the
Chair of Germanic Languages and Literatures at
Cohnnbia, made vacant by the death of Professor
Hjalmar Hjorth Boyesen. Professor Thomas is a
member of the Modern Languages Association of
America, of which he was President 1 895-1 896,
and of the Weimar Goethe-Gesellschaft. He has
edited various works of Goethe, including both
parts of Faust, and is the author of a Practical Ger-
man Grammar. His published essays, reviews and
addresses relate mainly to German literature. He
married June 16, 1S84, Mary Eleanor Allen. They
have two children : Harold \. Thomas, born July
24, 1885, and Paul 1!. Thomas, born .\pril 17, 1889.

■M

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

MORISON, Robert Swain, 1847-

Born in Milton, Mass., 1847; educated at Phillips-
Exeter Academy, at Harvard (1869) and at the Harvard
Divinity School ; Pastor of the Independent Congrega-
tional Church, Meadville, Pa. ; Librarian of the Har-
vard Divinity School ; Secretary of the Harvard Divinity
Faculty.

ROBERT SWAIN MORISON, A.M., S.T.B.,
Librarian of the Harvard Divinity School,
was born in Milton, Massachusetts, October 13,

ROBERT S. MORISON

1 84 7, his parents being John Hopkins (Harvard
I S3 1) and Emily (Rogers) Morison. On his
father's side he is of Scotch-Irish descent, and on
his mother's side of English descent, but the family
has been American for many generations. From
Phillips-Exeter Academy i\Ir. Morison passed into
Harvard, where he received the degree of Bachelor
of Arts in 1869 and of Bachelor of Divinity in 1872.
From September 1 8 74 to May 1878 he was Pastor
of the Independent Congregational Church, Mead-
ville, Pennsylvania. From 1889 until the present
time Mr. Morison has served as Librarian of the
Harvard Divinity School, and since 1893 has been
Secretary of the Harvard Divinity Faculty. He
married, February 21, 1877, '" Pordand, Maine,
Anne Theresa Abbot and has two children : Ruth
and George Abbot Morison.

MARKS, Lionel Simeon, 1871-

Born in Birmingham, England, 1871 ; educated at
Mason College, Birmingham, at London University
and at Cornell ; Instructor in Mechanical Engineering
at Harvard ; member of the American Society of
Mechanical Engineers.

LIONEL SIMEON MARKS, M.E., Instructor
in Mechanical Engineering at Har\'ard, was
born in Birmingham, England, September 8, 187 1.
He received his engineering diploma in 1891 at
Mason College, Birmingham, and the next year
received the degree of Bachelor of .Science at Lon-
don LIniversity. Coming to America he attended
Cornell and there, in 1894, was given the degree of
Master of Mechanical Engineering. He was ap-
pointed in 1894 Instructor in Mechanical Engineer-
ing at Harvard. Mr. Marks holds membership in
the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

PICKERING, William Henry, 1858-

Born in Boston, Mass., 1858 ; educated at the Mass.
Institute of Technology; Assistant and Instructor in
Physics at the Institute of Technology ; Assistant and
later Assistant Professor at Harvard College Observa-
tory; has been member of the American Academy of
Arts and Sciences, and fellow of the American Associ-
ation for the Advancement of Science.

WILLIAM HENRY PICKERING, Assistant
Professor at Harvard College Observatory,
was born in Boston, Massachusetts, February 15,
1 85 8, and is the son of Edward and Charlotte
(Hammond) Pickering. He graduated at the In-
stitute of Technology in 1879 and the next year
was made Assistant and Instructor in Physics at the
Institute. This position he held until 18S7 when
he was appointed Assistant and later Assistant Pro-
fessor at the Harward College Observatory. While
connected with the Institute of Technology, Pro-
fessor Pickering established the first regular labora-
tory for the systematic teaching of numerous pupils
in dry-plate photography. In astronomy his work
has been of great practical value. He observed
the solar eclipse of 1878 from Colorado, and in
1 886 conducted an expedition to the West Indies
for eclipse observations in that year. Professor
Pickering has held membership in the American
Academy of Arts and Sciences and has been a
fellow of the American Association for the .Ad-
vancement of Science. He married in 1884, Anne
Atwood Butte and has two children : William
Thurston and Esther Pickering.

UNIFERSiriES JND TllKlR SONS

589

GREER, David Hummel, 1844-

Born in Wheeling, \A/. Va., 1844 ; graduated at
Washington College (Pa. I, 1862; Rector of Trinity
Church, Covington, Ky., 1868 ; Rector of Grace Church,
Providence, R. I., 1872; Rector of St. Bartholomew's,
New York City, since 1888; held the Lyman Beecher
Lectureship on Preaching at Yale, 1894-95.

DAVID HUMMEL GREER, DIJ., Lecturer
on Preaching at Yale, was born in Wheel-
ing, West Virginia, March 20, 1844, and graduated
at Washington College, Pennsylvania, in 1862. He
studied theology at the Protestant Episcopal Semi-
nary at Gambier, Ohio, taking his first orders as

I1.A.VID H. GREER

Deacon in Christ Church, Clarksburg, West Virginia,
in 1866, where he remained in charge for a year.
His ordination as Priest was given at .Alexandria,
Virginia, in 1 868, and he established himself for
three years in Covington, Kentucky, as Rector of
Trinity Church in that place. After a short period
of European travel. Dr. Greer became Rector of
Grace Church in Providence, Rhode Island, where
he remained until 18S8, organizing several missions
in connection with the parish church, founding St.
Elizabeth's Home for Incurables, and serving as
Deputy from the Diocese to four general conven-
tions. In 1888 he accepted the Rectorship of St.
Bartholomew's Church, in New York City, which he
still fill?. In 1894-1895 he performed the duties

of the Lyman lieecher Lectureship on Preaching at
Yale. In addition to the publication of these Lect-
ures, in a volume entitled The Preacher and His
Place, he has published two volumes of sermons —
I'rora Things to God, and Visions — also a httie
volume called The Historic Christ.

JOHNSON, Charles William Leverett, 1870-

Born in Gambier, O., 1870; received A.B. and Ph D.
from Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md.;
Fellow in Greek, 1893-94 ) Instructor in Greek at Yale ;
member of the American Philological Association.

CHARLES WILLIAM LEVERLli' JOHN-
SON, Ph.D., Instructor in (Ireek at Yale,
was born in Gambier, Ohio, .August 12, 1870.
Through his f;ither. Professor William Woolsey
Johnson, of the \}. S. Naval .Academy he is de-
scended from Dr. Samuel Johnson, first President of
King's College (now Columbia University) and the
Rev. Jonathan Edwards, and through his mother,
Susannah Leverett (Batcheller) Johnson from Sir
John Leverett, a Colonial Governor of Massachu-
setts. His early education and preparation for Col-
lege was received at the Boston Latin School, the
Perse School, of Cambridge, England, and the Uni-
versity School, of Baltimore, Maryland. In 1888
he entered the L^ndergraduate Depattment of Johns
Hopkins University, of Baltimore, Maryland, and in
1 89 1 he graduated with the Bachelor of Arts degree.
He then entered upon graduate work in the same
LTniversity, and received the degree of Doctor of
Philosophy in June, 1896, having held a Fellowship
in Greek for the year 1893- 1894. His thesis for
the Doctor's degree is on the subject of ancient
Greek music. In 1897 he was appointed Instructor
in Greek at Yale, and he at present holds that posi-
tion. Mr. Johnson is a member of the Alpha Delta
Phi and Phi Beta Kappa Fraternities, the University
Club of Baltimore, the Graduates' Club of New
Haven, the Archaeological Institute of .America and
the American Philological Association. In politics
he is an Independent voter.

JESUP, Morris Ketchum, 1830-

Born in Westport, Conn., 1830; merchant and banker
in New York City; prominent in philanthropic, charit-
able, educational and religious work in the metropolis ;
a benefactor of Yale.

MORRIS KETCHUM JESUP, M.A., Bene-
factor of Yale, was born in Westport,
Connecticut, June 21, 1830, son of Charles and

590

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

Abigail (Sherwood) Jesnp. He is a descendant of
Kdward Jesup, wlio came to this country from Shef-
field, England, and settled at Stamford, Connecticut,
about the middle of the seventeenth century, and
afterward moved to Westchester comity, New York.
Mis father was born in Saugatuck, Connecticut, in
1796, and shortly after graduating from Yale (1S14),
made an extensive tour in Kurope. Upon his re-
turn he engaged in business in Connecticut, and
was also closely identified with religious work.
Abigail (Sherwood) Jesup, whom he married in
1821, was a daughter of Samuel B. Sherwood, of
Fairfield county, Connecticut, a well-known lawyer
of his day. After the death of his father in 1842,
Morris K. Jesup accompanied his mother to New
York City. He made good use of his educational
opportunities, and received his first business training
in the office of Rogers, Ketchum & Grosvenor of
the Paterson Locomotive Works. At the age of
twenty-two he established the firm of Clark & Jesup
in New York City, and about 1S56 he founded the
banking-house of M. K. Jesup & Company, which
has continued to the present day under successive
changes in the firm name, now being known as
Cuyler, Morgan & Co., with Mr. Jesup as special
partner. As a financier he naturally became inter-
ested in the construction of railways, and as a
Director of several important lines was closely
identified with their development. Of late he has
withdrawn from active participation in the various
enterprises with which he has been connected. In
1S63 he became a member of the Chamber of
Commerce, with which he has been actively iden-
tified to the present time, and is now its President.
Mr. Jesup's interest in philanthro|)ir, charitable and
educational work began with the advent of his busi-
ness prosperity, and still continues. His benefac-
tions have been distributed over a wide field of
usefulness, and include the Forty-fourth Street
Lodging House for Homeless Boys, erected by him
in 188S, a liberal donation to the American Museum
of Natural History, of which he is the President,
the presentation of Jesup Hall to Union Theological
Seminary, New York, and a gift of ^100,000 to the
Woman's Hospital, in memory of his mother, the
income of which is to be used to defray the ex-
penses of women unable to pay for treatment; and
his beneficence to Yale has contributed much toward
extending the usefulness of that LIniversity. He
has not only aided in the financial support of useful
projects, but has also taken an active part in their
nianagcincnt. He was one of the founders of the

Young Men's Christian Association, its President in
1S72 and since that time one of its Trustees; is
President of the New York Mission and Trust
Society, of the American Sunday School Union, and
of the Five Point House of Industry ; Vice-Presi-
dent of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to
.■\nimals and of the Institute for the Instruction of
the Deaf and Dumb ; Treasurer of tlie Slater Fund
for the Education of the Freedman, and a 'I'rustee
of the Half-Orphan Asylum. During the Civil War
he was Treasurer of the Christian Commission. He
is a member of the American Geographical Society,

MORRIS K. JESUP

of the New York Genealogical and Biographical
Association, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the
American Fine Art Society, and the National .Vcad-
emy of Design, the Down-Town Association, the
New England Society, Sons of the American Revo-
lution, and the Williams College Alumni Association,
and his social affiliations are with the Century, Uni-
versity, Metropolitan, the City, New York Yacht,
tiie Mendelssohn Glee and the Riding Clubs. He
spends much time in scientific research, and has
furnished the American Museum of Natural History
with many valuable specimens, including some rare
fossils. He has presented a handsome hall to Wil-
liams College, which has made him an honorary
Master of .Arts, and lie received the same degree

UNirKRSITIES AND THElli SONS

59'

from Vale in 1891. In 1841 iMr. Jcsup n1ani1.1l
Maria Van Antwerp, daughter of the Rev. 'I'honias
DeWitt, for forty years Pastor of the Collegiate
Dutch Church of New Vork City. The DeWitt
Memorial Church, on Rivington St., was erected
by Mr. Jesup.

TUCKER, William Jewett, 1839-

Born in Griswold, Conn., 1839 ; graduated at Dart-
mouth, 1861 ; taught school in Columbus, Ohio;
graduated at Andover Theological Seminary, 1866;
Pastor in Manchester, N. H., 1867-75: and in New
York City, 1875-80; Professor in Andover Theological
Seminary, 1890-93; President of Dartmouth, 1893-;
Lecturer at Yale, 1898.

W1LLI.\M JEWETT TUCKER, D.D., LL.D.,
Lecturer on Preaching at Yale, now Pres-
ident of Dartmouth College, was born in Griswold,

W. J. TUCKER

Connecticut, July 13, 1S39, son of Henry and Sarah
( Lester) Tucker, and the seventh in descent from
Robert Tucker, who came over in 1635 and settled
in Weymouth, Massachusetts. The family is de-
scended from John Tucker, 1066. He obtained his
early education at the Academy of Plymouth, New
Hampshire, and Kimball LTnion Academy of Meri-
den, Connecticut, and entered Dartmouth College,
where he graduated in the Class of 1861. For two

)cais aflcr his graduation he taught at Columbus,
Ohio, and then took up his theological studies at
.■\ndover Seminary, from which he was graduated
in 1S66. In 1867 lie was ordained and installed
Pastor of the Franklin-Street Congregational C"hur<:h
of Manchester, which jxistorate he held until 1875,
when he was called to the Madison .Scjuare Presby-
terian Churcli in New Vork City. There he re-
mained until 1880, when he was appointed Partlelt
Professor of Homiletics in the .Andover Theological
Seminary, where lie remained for thirteen years,
being elected President of Dartmouth College in
1893. Dr. Tucker recei\ed the degree of Doctor
of Divinity from Dartmouth in 1875, and that of
Doctor of Laws from Williams in 1894, and from
Vale in 1S96. He was Phi Beta Kappa Orator at
Harvard in 1893, and was Lecturer at the Lowell
Institute, Boston, in 1S94; was Lecturer on the
Winckley Foundation, Andover Theological Semi-
nary, in 1897, and Lecturer on the Lyman Bcecher
Foundation at Vale in 1898. Dr. Tucker was one
of the Founders and Editors of the Andover Review,
with wliicli he was connected from 1885 to 1893,
and was the founder of the Andover Home, Boston,
now known as the South End Home, a social settle-
ment. Dr. Tucker was married, June 22, 1870, to
Charlotte H. Rogers, who bore him two children :
Alice Lester and Margaret Tucker. He was again
married, June 23, 1887, to Charlotte B. Clieever.
By his second marriage he has one child : Elizabeth
Washburn Tucker.

LANG, Henry Roseman, 1856--

Born at Wartau, Switzerland, 1856; received his
early education in the public schools at St. Gall and
Zurich; graduate of the Gymnasium of Zurich, 1874;
studied at Universities of Zurich and Strassburg; Pro-
fessor of Latin at State Normal College, Nashville,
1880-82 ; Professor of Modern Languages in Charles-
;on, S. C, 1882 ; studied in Italy, 1884-87, and in Spain
and Portugal, 1887-90; received the degree of Ph.D.
from the University of Strassburg, 1890: Professor of
Languages in Swain Free School, New Bedford, 1892;
Instructor in Romance Languages at Yale, 1892-93;
Assistant Professor 1893-96 ; Professor of Romance
Philology since i8g6.

H1;NRV ROSEMAN LANC, Ph.D., Pro-
fessor of Romance Philology at Vale, w:is
born at Wartau, in the Canton of .St. (iall, Switzer-
land, September 22, 1856. His parents, Heinrich
and Constantia, (Suler) Lang, were Swiss by birth
and later became naturalized .\merican citizens.
He received his early education in the public schools

59^

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

of St. Gall and Zurich ; graduated at the Gymna-
sium of Zurich in 1S74, and later studied for several
years at the Universities of Zurich and Strassburg.
Coming to America in 1S80 he became Professor of

HENRY R. LANG

Latin in the State Normal College of Nashville,
Tennessee, which he left two years later to become
Professor of Modern Languages in Charleston,
South Carolina. Professor Lang went abroad in
1884 and studied in Italy from 1884 to 1887, and
in Spain and Portugal during the ensuing three
years, receiving the degree of Doctor of Philosophy
from the University of Strassburg in 1890. On his
return to America in 1890 he became Professor of
Modern Languages in the Swain Free School of
New Bedford, Massachusetts. His first connection
with the Faculty of Yale was as Instructor in
Romance Languages during 1S92 and 1893. He
was made Assistant Professor in 1893, and in 1896
was advanced to the Chair of Romance Philology.

STEVENS, George Barker, 1854-

Born in Spencer, N. Y., 1854; studied at Ithaca, New
York, Academy; graduated at University of Roches-
ter, New York, 1877; received degree of Bachelor of
Divinity from Yale, 1880; Ph.D. from Syracuse Uni-
versity, N. Y., 1883; took D.D. degree at the University
of Jena, Germany, 1886; Pastor of First Congregational
Church, Buffalo, N. Y., 1880-1883 ; Pastor of First

Presbyterian Church, Watertown, New York, :883-
1885; Professor of New Testament at Yale, 1886-1895;
since 1895 Professor of Systematic Theology at Yale.

EORGE BARKER STEVENS, D.D., Ph.D.,
Professor of Systematic Theology at Yale,
was born in Spencer, New York, July 13, 1854.
His parents were Thomas Jackson and Weltha
(Barker) Stevens, of Dutch and English descent
respectively. After attending the public schools of
Spencer he went to the Ithaca Academy, of Ithaca,
New York, where he studied in preparation for
College. His first degree was taken at the Uni-
versity of Rochester, New York, in 1877 where he
graduated Bachelor of Arts. He then took a full
course in theology at Yale, graduating in 1880 with
the degree of Bachelor of Divinity. He studied
then for three years at the Syracuse University, New
York, and in 1S83 took the degree of Doctor of
Philosophy at that Institution. During the year
1 885-1 886 he studied in Germany and the degree
of Doctor of Divinity was conferred upon him by the
LTniversity of Jena in 1886. Thus amply equipped
by a long period of advanced study he entered

G. B. STEVENS

practical life as Pastor of the First Congregational
Church of Buffalo, New York, preaching there from
1880 until 1883, when he was called to the First
Presbyterian Church of Watertown, New York. He

UNIVERSITIES JND rilKIR SONS

593

remained tliere until 1885, anil then accepted the I'.nish, Dr. Wells Williams, Hon. E. J. Phelps, Dean
apixjintnient of Professor of New 'I'estament Criti- Francis Wayland, Admiral Farragut, President IMott
cism and Interinetation at \:ile. Since 1895 lie and Professor 'Ihacher. He is the author of " The
has been Professor of Systematic Theology at Vale. Way: the Nature and ^[eans of Revelation," and
Few men have so deeply e.xplored the study of also of numerous magazine articles and reports on
theology and Bible criticism as Professor Stevens, subjects relating to the fine arts. He married May
and his services to Yale for the jiast fourteen years
have been of singular merit and foithfulness. He
married November 22, 1880, Kate Abele Mattison.
His children are : Margaret Brewster, and Mary
Mattison Stevens.

WEIR, John Ferguson, 1841-

Born in West Point, N. Y., 1841 ; studied at the
U. S. Military Academy; Art Student in the studio of
Robert W. Weir, and in the National Academy of
Design ; elected an Associate of the National Academy,
18C3, and a member 1865; studied abroad, 1868; ap-
pointed Director of the Yale School of Fine Arts,
iS6g ; received AM. degree from Yale, 1871 , Judge
in the Department of Fine Arts in Centennial Exposi-
tion of 1876; has made many statues and portraits of
Yale men.

JOHN FERGUSON WEIR, A.M., Director of
the Yale School of Fine Arts, was born August
28. iS4i.at the United States Military .'\cademy at
West Point, where his father, Robert W. Weir, was a
Professor. His early education was received mainly
from instruction by officers of the Military Academy.
At an early age his strong artistic talent became
evident, and he entered upon a course of study in
painting and sculpture at the studio of Robert W.
Weir and at the National .Academy of Design in
New York City. He was elected an Associate of
the Academy in 1863, and he became a member in
1865. The year 1868-1S69 was spent in art study
abroad. He then returned to America to accept
the appointment as Director of the Yale School of
Fine .Arts, which office he still occupies. In 1871
the degree of Master of Arts was conferred upon
him by Yale. During the Centennial lixposition of
1876 he was Judge in the Deiiartment of Fine Arts.
He has performed many notable works, in sculpture
and portrait and landscape painting, several of
which are of such merit that they have given Mr.
U'eir a wide reputation. His principal works in
sculpture are an heroic bronze statue of President
Theodore D. Woolsey of Yale, and a statue of Pro-
fessor Benjamin Silliman, Sr., of Yale. Among his
])aintings the following are of chief importance :
The Gun Foundry; Forging the Shaft; Venice,
Grand Canal ; The Confessional ; Returning from
Eabor; and portraits of President Dwiglit, Professor

VOL. II. — 38

JOHN F. WF.IR

17, 1866, Mary Hannah French, daughter of Pro-
fessor J. W. French, of West Point. His children
are Clara Louise and Edith Dean Weir.

TROOSTWYK, Isidore, 1862-

Born in ZwoUe, Holland, 1862; became a student of
music at the age of ten years ; was a pupil of Joachim,
at the Royal Imperial High School of Music at
Berlin; was Concert Master of the Kur Orchestra at
Kissingen ; his last European position was that of
Concert Master of the famous Concert Gebouw ; played
before the King of Holland in iS8i ; Professor of Violin
at the Academy of Music, Amsterdam, 1E83 ; Instructor
of Violin in the Department of Music at Yale since
1894.

ISIDORE TROOSTWYK, Instructor in the De-
partment of Music at Yale, was born in Zwolle,
Holland, July 3, 1862. He is the son of .Arthur
and Rachel (Tnrksma) Troostwyk. He was edu-
cated as a boy in the Hooge Burger School in his
native place. As early as his tenth year he began
to study music, and he at once evinced such great
talent that three patrons decided to send him to tlie

594

UNIl'ERSiriES AND THEIR SONS

Royal Imperial High School of Music, at lieilin.
Here the renowned Joachim, who taught only the
most promising violinists, accepted the young Hol-
lander without hesitation, a potent evidence of his

ISIDORE TROOSTWYK

unusual talent. After three years of study here, he
received excellent offers of positions, and he ac-
cepted that of Concert Master of the great Kur
Orchestra at Kissingen. After this he held a num-
ber of positions of importance all over Europe, the
last being that of Concert Master of the well known
Concert Gebouw, where he played under the follow-
ing composers and conductors : Massenet, Bruch,
Grieg, Bulow, Benoit, Kiel, Bargiel, Brahms, Ruben-
stein, Moskowski, Hoi, Verluilst and others. He
played before the King of Holland in 1881, and
was appointed Professor of Violin at the Academy
of ]\[usic, Amsterdam, in 1883. Since 1894 Mr.
Troostwyk has been Instructor of Violin in the De-
partment of Music at Yale, and in that office has
proved himself not only of great value to tlie Uni-
versity as a teacher, but an artist of remarkable
talent. He is the Director of the Dessauer-Troost-
wyk School of Music in New Haven, Violin In-
structor at the Hartford School of Music, and
Concert Master of the New Haven Symphony
Orchestra. He married Erna Dessauer, May 10,
1887. His children are Hendrika, Leo, Arthur and
Maurice Troostwyk.

WESTLUND, Jacob, 1867-

Born in Orebro, Sweden, 1867 ; graduated at the
College of Orebro, Sweden, 1885; came to America,
1887 ; Instructor in Mathematics, Physics and Chemis-
try at Augustana College, Rock Island, Illinois, 1887-
89; Instructor in Mathematics at Bethany College,
Lindsborg, Kan, 188994, 1895-96; studied as post-
graduate at Yale, 1894-95 ; Instructor in Mathematics
at Yale since 1896.

JACOB WP:STLUND, Instructor in Mathematics
at Yale, was born in Orebro, Sweden, May 1 8,
1S67. He is the son of Per August and Anna Lisa
Westlund. At the age of eighteen he graduated at
the College of Orebro in his native place, and then
for two years he pursued graduate studies at the
University of Upsala and the University of Stock-
holm, Sweden. In 1887 he came to America and
at once received the position of Instructor in Math-
ematics, Physics and Chemistry at Augustana Col-
lege, Rock Island, Illinois, where he remained until
1889. He then went to Bethany College, Linds-
borg, Kansas, to accept an appointment as Instructor
in Mathematics, and he continuetl in that work
until 1894 when he went to Yale for a year of post-
graduate study. In 1895 he returned to his former

JACOB WESTLUND

position at Bethany College, but resigned after one
year to accept a position as Instructor in Mathe-
matics at Yale, which position he occupies at the
present time.

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

595

ASHLEY, William James, 1860-

Born in London, Eng., i860; educated at Balliol
College, Oxford; Fellow of Lincoln College, Oxford;
Lecturer in Modern History in Lincoln and Corpus
Christi Colleges ; Professor of Political Economy and
of Constitutional History in the University of Toronto^.
Canada; Professor of Economic History at Harvard;
Corresponding member of the Royal Historical Society
(England); author of "Introduction to English Eco-
nomic History and Theory."

WILLIAM JAMES ASHLIA', A.M., Profes-
sor of Economic History at Harvard since
1892, is the son of James and Jane (Sliort) Ashley,

W. J. ASHLEY

and was born in London, England, Fehniary 25,
i860. His early education was obtained at St.
Olave's Grammar School, Southwark, London ; and
his collegiate training as a Scholar of Balliol College,
Oxford, where he received the degree of Bachelor
of Arts in 1S81, (obtaining the Lothian Prize in the
next year), and the degree of INLaster of Arts in
1885. For the three years preceding 18S8 he was
a Fellow of Lincoln College, Oxford, and Lecturer
in Modern History in Lincoln and Corpus Christi
Colleges. From then until 1S92 he was a Professor
of Political Economy and Constitutional History in
the University of Toronto, Canada. The last named
year he was appointed Professor of Economic His-
tory at Harvard. Mr. Ashley is a Corresponding

Member of the Royal Historical Society (England).
As a writer as well as an Instructor he has won
pronounced recognition. His chief work is An
Introduction to English Economic History and
Theory, of which the first volume was jjublislicd
in i.SSS and the second in 1893, several editions
being i)ut to press, and the book appearing both in
England and America, as well as being translated
into German and French. Various articles have also
appeared from his pen in the Quarterly Journal of
Economics, in the Political Science Quarterly, in the
Economic Journal, in the Economic Review and in
the English Historical Review. He married, on
July 2, 1S8S, Annie Margaret, daughter of Cieorge
Binkbeck Hill, D.C.L., the Editor of Hoswcll, and
has three children : Annie, Alice Mary and Walter
Ashley.

MONTI, Luigi, 1830-

Born in Palermo, Sicily, 1830; came to the United
States, 1850; Instructor in Italian at Harvard, 1854-59;
U. S. Consul at Palermo, 1861-73 ; Lecturer, translator
and author.

LUIGI MONTI, A.M., Italian Instructor at
Harvard, was born in Palermo, Sicily, in
1830. Provided with a good education he came
to the United States in 1850 after participating in
the Revolution of the two preceding years, and set-
tling in Boston, engaged in teaching. From 1854
to 1859, he taught the Italian I-anguage at Har-
vard. Receiving the appointment of LInited States
Consul at Palermo in 1861 he occupied that post
nntil 1873, when he returned to Boston, resumed
teaching, and also engaged in literary pursuits. His
lectures before the Lowell Institute on Contempo-
rary Representative Men of Italy were well received,
and was followed by courses at the Peabody Insti-
tute, I'allimore, and other places. Beside translat-
ing Manfred, Isabella Orsini and Beatrice Cenci,
by (luerrazzi, he has contributed interesting matter
to periodicals, and is the author of: Leone, a novel,
issued in tlie Round Robin Series ; and The Ad-
ventures of a Consul .abroad. Mr. Monti figured
as the young Sicilian in Longfellow's Tales of a
Wayside Inn.

TURNER, Daniel Lawrence, 1869-

Born in Portsmouth, Va., 1869; educated at Rens-
selaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, N. Y , as a Civil
Engineer; Assistant in Mathematics at Rensselaer
Polytechnic Institute ; Assistant Engineer for the Co-
lumbia Granite Company, Middletown, Conn ; Assist-

5<;6

VNU'ERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

ant Engineer for a preliminary railroad location from
Keeseville, N. Y. to Ausable Forks, N. Y. ; Civil En-
gineer, New York City; Instructor in Surveying and
Hydraulics, Lawrence Scientific School, Harvard ;
Associate member of the American Society of Civil
Engineers, member of the Boston Society of Civil
Engineers.

DANIEL LAWRENCF. TURNE.R, Instructor
in Surveying and Hydraulics at the Law-
rence Scientific School. Har\ard, is the son of

Surveying and Hydraulics at the Lawrence Scientific
School. Mr. Turner is a member of the Boston
Society of ("ivil Engineers, anil associate nK-ml)er
of tlie American Society of Civil Engineers. He
married, I'ebruary 3, 1896, Eva Barcine Denby.

BURKE, Walter Safford, 1866-

Born in Babcock Hill, N. Y., 1866; graduated at
United States Naval Academy; Ensign United States
Navy; Assistant Engineer; Passed Assistant Engi-
neer; Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering
at Harvard.

WALTER SAFFORD BURKE, Assistant
Professor of Mechanical iMigineering at
Harvard, was born in Babcock Hill, Oneida county.
New York, December 30, 1866, and is the son of
Albert (lallatin and Clara Hubbard (Booth) Burke.
He passed through the public schools of Batavia,
Illinois, and then entered the L'nited States Naval
Academy, where he was graduated in 1887. On
July I, 1889, he became an Ensign in the LTnited
States Navy, on December 12, 1892, was transferred
to the Engineer Corps and became an Assistant

I). L. TURNER

Daniel James and Mary Elizabeth (Lawrence)
Turner, and was born in Portsmouth, Virginia,
October 25, 1869. His early education was ob-
tained at Norfolk .\cademy and at a private school
in Norfolk. His training as Civil Engineer wa.s
obtained in Rensselaer Polytecluiic Institute, Troy,
New York, Class of 1S91. During 1S92 Mr. Turner
was Assistant in Mathematics at Rensselaer Insti-
tute. From July 1892 to January 1S93 he was
Assistant Engineer for the Columbia Granite Com-
pany in Middletown, Connecticut, in charge of a
railroad location and construction. From Januarv
to March 1893 he was .Assistant Engineer for a
preliminary railroad location from Keeseville, New

York, to Ausable Forks, New York, from March to Engineer, on June 6, 1896, was promoted to
September 1893 was Engineer for Ernest Flagg. Passed Assistant Engineer, and on April 30, 1897,
architect. New York, and in September 1893, was his name was placed on the retired list. In 1895 he
given his present appointment as Instructor in joined the corps of teachers at Harvard, becomiii!:;

W. S. BURKE

UNIFERSiriES JND THEIR SONS

597

Instructor in Mechanical I':ngineeiing, ami Scptem- first elected to liie IJoanl of Overseers of Harvard

ber I. 1S89. was made Assistant Professor. Mr. in 18 10 under the Act of the Legislature changing

Burke married, April 5, 1.S93, Frances Miildleton the composition of that body, lie hcM this oflfice

Beaman. ""til 'I's death, May 26, 1827.

PHILLIPS, William, 1750-1827.

Born in Boston, Mass., 1750; Revolutionary patriot ;
member of the Mass. Legislature anJ Lieut. Gov. of
the State, 1812-23 ; Overseer of Harvard, 1810-27; died,
1827,

WILLIAM PHILLirS, Overseer of Harvard,
was born in Boston, Massachusetts, April
10, 1750. His father, of the same name, was a

WILLIAM PHILLIPS

benefactor of .'Xndover 'I'heological Seminary and a
successful merchant. Tlie son was brought up to a
commercial life, and in business witli his fatlier lie
accumulated a large fortune. In the War of the
Revolution he was an ardent patriot, generously
sustaining the cause of independence. ;\fter the
conclusion of jieace he entered public life, repre-
senting Boston for a number of years in the Mas-
sachusetts Legislature, and in 1S12 was elected
Lieutenant-Governor of the Commonwealth. He
served in this office, by annual re-election, through
the administration of Governor Caleb Strong and
that of Governor John Brooks which followed, re-
tiring in 1823. He was one of the fifteen laymen

ROYCE, Josiah.

Born in Grass Valley, Cal. ; educated at the Univer-
sity of California, at Leipzig, Gottingen and Johns
Hopkins University ; teacher at the University of Cali-
fornia; Instructor at Harvard; Assistant Professor.
Professor.

JOSIAH ROVCK, I'll. 1)., Professor of the His-
tory of Philosophy at H.irvard, was born in
Grass Valley, Nevada county, California. He is of
English descent, although his f.ither and mother
both lived in this country from a very early age, his
father being a man of business in California and
his mother a teacher. After graduating at tlie
University of California in 1S75 Mr. Royce con-
tinued his studies at Leipzig, C.ottingen and Johns
Hopkins University, receiving at the latter institution
the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in 187S. I'rom
that time until 18S2 he was a teacher at the Uni-

JOSLAH UOVCE

versity of Caliliirnia. C'oiiiiiig to Harvard as In-
structor in 1SS2 he was luomotcd three years later
to .Assistant Professor, and in 1.S92 was made full
Profes.sor of the History of Piiilosophy.

598

UNIFERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

DONALD, E. Winchester, 1848-

Born in Andover, Mass., 1848: graduated at
Amherst, 1869; Union Theological Seminary, 1874;
his first Parish was the Church of the Intercession,
Washington Heights, New York City, then the Church
of the Ascension, New York City, from which he was
called to Trinity Church, Boston; D.D , Amherst;
Preacher to the University, Harvard, 1892.

E, WINCH i:sti:r doxald, d.d., ll.d.,
Preachf r to Harvard University, Rector of
Trinity Church, Boston, was born in Andover,
Massachusetts, in 184S. He is the son of \V. C.
Donald, a manufacturer of that place, of Scotch ex-

E. \V. DONALD

traction. He was educated at Amherst, graduating
in the Class of 1S69, and at once entered upon
study for the ministry in the Episcopal Seminary
at [Philadelphia. He concluded his course at the
Union Theological Seminary in New York, where
lie was graduated in 1S74. For a time he was
Rector of the Church of the Intercession at Wash-
ington Heights, New York City, on the Hudson,
from whicli he went to tlie Church of the .Ascension,
corner of Tentii Street and Fifth .Avenue, New
York City, where he remained ten years as Rector.
Shortly after the elevation of Dr. Brooks to the
Bishopric of Massachusetts Dr. Donald was called
to Trinity Church in Boston, where he remains.

His residence is the Trinity Parish House on Clar-
endon and Newbury Streets, built for and formerly
occupied by Dr. Brooks. He is married and has
two children. Dr. 1 )onald received the degree of
Doctor of Divinity from .\mlierst in 1886, and has
been a Trustee of that College since 1887. In
1892 he was appointed Preacher to the University
at Harvard. LL.D. University of Western Penn.,
1S97.

PEIRCE, Benjamin Osgood, Jr., 1854-

Born in Beverly, Mass., 1854 ; educated at Harvard
(1876), at Leipzig and at Berlin ; teacher of mathematics
at the Boston Latin School; Instructor of Mathe-
matics at Harvard ; Assistant Professor of Mathematics
and Physics at Harvard: HoUis Professor of Mathe-
matics and Natural Philosophy at Harvard ; member
of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and
the American Mathematical Society.

BENJAMIN OSGOOD PEIRCE, Jr., Ph.D.,
Professor of Mathematics and Natural Phil-
osophy at Harvard, was born in Beverly, Massa-
chusetts, February 11, 1854. He is a kinsman of
Professor James Mills Peirce and Professor Benjamin
Peirce both of whose names are associated with the
history of Harvard. Benjamin Osgood Peirce, Sr.,
was descended from John Peirce, who came to
\Vatertown in 1637 and from Richard Norman
who came to Gloucester in 1623. The mother of
Benjamin Osgood Pierce, Jr., was Mehitabel Osgood
Seccombe, a descendant of Richard Willis Seccombe
who came from England in 1640. In 1876 Mr.
Peirce obtained the degree of Bachelor of .Arts at
Harvard and for a year remained as Assistant in
the Physical Laboratory. He then went abroad
and at Leipzig received the degree of Doctor of
Philosophy in 1879, '''•^d continued his study with a
year's course at the LTniversity of Berlin. On his
return to America in 1880 he was immediately
made teacher of mathematics at the Boston Latin
School. The next year he became connected with
Harvard as Instructor of Mathematics, in 1SS4 was
promoted to .Assistant Professor of Mathematics and
Physics and in 188S was awarded the Hollis Profes-
sorship of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy.
He is a member of the American .Academy of Arts
and Sciences and the American Mathematical
Society. He has published 1 he I'dements of the
Theory of the Newtonian Potential Function and
several important papers on physical science. Pro-
fessor Peirce is married and has two children.

VNIJERSITIliS AND TIIKIK S(jSS

599

BOLLES, Frank, 1856-1894.

Born in Winchester. Mass., 1856; graduated Colum-
bian, ( D. C.) Law School, 1879, and Harvard Law School,
1882 ; Assistant Editor, Boston Daily Advertiser, 1883-
86; Secretary of Harvard, 1886-94; died, 1S94.

FR.WK liOLLKS, Secretary of H;ir\anl, w;is
born in Winchester, M;iss;ichnsctts, October
31, 1S56. He sttidieii knv ;it the C'ohnnbian Uni-
versity, Wa^iiiiigton, District of C'ulinnbia, receiving
tlie degree of Bachelor of Laws from that Institu-
tion in 1S79, and subseciuently taking a course at the
Harvard Law School fmni which he was graduated

FR.\^'K I30IXES

in 1882. Turning his attention to literature, he
contributed articles to the Atlantic Monthly and
other magazines, and was for a number of years
connected with the Boston Daily Advertiser, as As-
sistant Editor and Editorial writer. In 18S6 he
was appointed Secretary of Harv'ard, remaining in
th.it position until his death, January 10, 1894.
As Secretary of Harvard, Mr. Bolles interested him-
self especially in helpful advice and services to
undergraduates, and in 1893 published a pamphlet
setting forth the advantages offered by this Uni-
versity to students of small pecuniary resources.
He was a sympathetic and intelligent observer of
nature. In 1891 Houghton, Mifflin & Co., Boston,
published a selection of his sketches under the title :

Land of the Lingering Snow : Chronicles of a
Stroller in New I'jigland from January to June, and
in 1893 another entitled; .\t the North of ]5ear-
camp Water. After his deatli in 1895 they also
pid)lished some of his verses uniler the title :
Chocorua's 'i'en;ints.

WIENER, Leo, 1862-

Born in Byelostok, Russia, 1E62 ; educated at the
Gymnasiums of Minsk and \A/arsaw, University of
Warsaw and Polytechnic of Berlin; teacher in Acad-
emy at Odessa, Missouri; teacher of languages and
mathematics Kansas City High School; Assistant
Professor of Modern Languages, and then Acting
Professor of Modern Languages, Missouri State Uni-
versity ; teacher of languages in New England Con-
servatory of Music ; Instructor of the Slavic Languages
at Harvard; has been President of the Vegetarian So-
ciety of Kansas City; President Vegetarian Society,
Boston ; member Modern Language Association and
Dialect Society of America, and of the American Folk-
Lore Society; contributor to numerous philological
periodicals and to American and German Literary
periodicals.

LEO WI1:NI;R, instructor of the Slavic Lan-
gu;iges ;it Harvard, was born in Byelostok,
Clrodno, Russia, July 28, 1862. On the side of his
father, Salomen Wiener, he traces his family back
to Worms and Holland. The immediate ancestry
has resided in Posen and Silesia where they have
been prominent merchants and 'ialmudic scholars.
His mother, Fretlerika (R;ibiuowitch) Wiener, be-
longs to a family noted in the lumber trade and
government contract business in Lithuania. Trained
by his fiither in German and Latin and receiving
private instruction from capable teachers, Mr.
Wiener obtained an admirable foundation for his
future course of study, that course including two
years' attendance at the elementary schools in
Rus^i;i and Cjermany, instruction in the Classical
Cymnasium of Minsk, tlnee years' course in the
Classic;il Gymnasium of Warsaw, a year at the L'ni-
versity of Warsaw (i 879-1880) and a year at the
Polytechnic of P.crlin, (i 881-1882). His early
]>hilologic;il tr;iining was received under Professor
X. Anderson, now occupying the Chair of L^gro-
Fiimic Languages at the L'niversity of Kazan, an<l
in mathematics under Professor M. Baraniecki of
Cracow. Since 1874 Mr. Wiener has been a Tutor
in Languages and Mathematics. He came to Amer-
ica in 1882 with the purjiose of founding a vegeta-
rian colony in Central .America, but after farming a
year in Kansas found there was lack of moral sup-

6oo

UNIIERSiTlES JA'D TIJEJR SONS

;)ort for his plan and tliciefore abandoned it for C\iilury. He has also contributed to German and

teaching. During the year 1S83-1S84 he taught in lOnglish literary magazines. On February 27, 1893,

an .\cadeniy at Odessa, Missouri: from 18S4 to he married iJertha Kahn, and has a son, Norbert

1892 he was teacher of languages and mathematics and a daughter, Constance.

SMITH, Roy Campbell, 1858-

Born at Fort Mason, Texas, 1858; educated at Rich-
mond College and at the United States Naval Acad-
emy ; served aboard the battleship Indiana in the
Spanish-American War; Inspector of Equipment of
torpedo boats building in New England ; Lecturer at
Harvard.

ROY CAMIT.KLL SMITH, Lecturer on Mil-
itary and Naval Science at Harvard, was
born at Fort Mason, Texas, July 16, 1858. On the
side of his father, Charles Henry Smith, he belongs
to an old English Colonial family of Virginia. On
the side of his mother, Maria MacGregor Campbell,
he is desceniled from the Scotch who lived in
Cherry Valley anil Cooiierstown, New York. After
receiving an early education at private schools in
Richmond, Virginia, Mr. Smith entered Richmond
College and then was appointed to the United

LEO WIENER

in the Kansas City High School; from 1S92 to
1894 was Assistant Professor of Modern Languages
in the Missouri State University and for the year
1894-1895 was Acting I'lofessor of Modern Lan-
guages in the same Institution. In the last named
year he came to Boston as teacher of languages
at the New England Conservatory of Music, and
the next year 1896, was appointed Instructor of the
Slavic Languages at Harvard. Mr. Wiener was at
one time President of the Vegetarian Society of
Kansas City, and since 1898 has been President of
the Vegetarian Society of Poston. He is a member
of the Modern Language Association and Dialect
Society of America and of the American FolkT.ore
S>)ciety. While in Russia his sympathies were with
the Liberal party, and in (lermany with Social
Democracy. In America he has been independent
in politics. Numerous contributions to philology
have been written by him for the scientific periodi-
cals of Russia, Germany and America, and he is States Naval Academy, Class of 1878. On Feb-
the editor and translator of Morris Rosenfeld's ruary 22, 1894, he was promoted to Lieutenant.
Songs from the Ghetto an,l the author of the In 1895-1896 he was assigned to the torpedo boat
History of Vidvish Literature in the Nineteenth Cushing and during the Spanish-American War

ROY CAMPBELL SMITH

UNIl'KRsrriKS JM) -niEIK SONS

60 1

served on board the battleship Iiuli;in;i. At'tcr the
war he was niaile Inspector of I'j(piipnient of 'I'or-
pedo Boats building m the vicinity of lloston and
at Batii, Maine. From 18S5 to i8S8 he hail been
Instructor in Mathematics and Physics at the Naval
Academy and in 1 )c(end)cr, iSyS, he was made
Lecturer on Military nni-l Naval Science at Harvard.
Lieutenant Smith married, October 11, 1S07,
Margaret Aldrich, daughter of Rear Admiral W . 'i'.
Sampson. They have two chihhen : Roy Campbell
and Marjorie Sampson.

1 895, Professor Wright was President of the .Ameri-
can Philological Association. Since 1888 he has been
one of the .\merican lulitors of the Classical Review
and since 1897 Kditor-in-Chief of Journal of the
.\rcha.'ological Institute of .America (.\merican jour-
11 il of .VrchEeology, Second Series). Several of the
addresses that he has delivered on educational
topics have been jiublished, besides articles on
philological, arch;vologi(:al and literary subjects, in
the .American Journal of Philology, the .Atlantic
Monthly, the .American Journal of .Archeology, the

WRIGHT, John Henry, 1852-

Born in Urmiah, Persia, 1852 ; educated at the
Poughkeeps'3 Collegiate Institute, at Dartmouth and
at Leipzig; Assistant Professor of Ancient Languages
at the Ohio Agricultural and Mechanical College ; As-
sociate Professor of Greek at Dartmouth; Professor of
Classical Philology at Johns Hopkins ; Professor
of Greek at Harvard ; Dean of the Graduate School
of Harvard ; President of the American Philological
Association, American Editor of the Classical Review;
Editor-in-Chief of the American Journal of Archaeol-
ogy ; author of numerous articles and addresses on
philological and archaeological subjects.

JOHN HENRY WRIGHT, Dean of the Gradu-
ate School of Harvard, was born in Urmiah,
Persia, February 4, 1852. Through his father Rev.
.Austin Hazen Wright, (Dartmouth 1830) M.D., a
missionary in Persia, he is descended from Lieu-
tenant .Abel \\right, who settled in Springfield,
Massachusetts, before 1865 ; from Edward Hazen,
who settled in Rowley, Massachusetts, before 1649,
and from Clovernor Thomas Prince of Plymouth.
Through his mother, Catherine Mvers, Professor
Wright is descended from Joseph Myers of New
York who came from (lermany in 1722 and from
Philip Kirtland who came to Lynn, Massachusetts,
before 1638. As a young man he prepared for
College at the Poughkeepsie Collegiate Institute
(Riverview Military Academy) and then entered
Dartmouth, where he graduated in 1873. The next
three years were spent as Assistant Professor of
Ancient Languages at the Ohio Agricultural and
Alechanical College (now Ohio State LTniversity),
Coluuibus. Then Professor ^Vright went abroad to
study for two years at Leii)idg University, returning
in 1 8 78 to become .Associate Professor of (ireck
at Dartmouth. 'I'he year 1886— 1S87 was spent as
Professor of Classical Philology at Johns Hopkins.
He was then called to a Professorship of Greek
at Harvard, and in 1895 was also made Dean of the
Graduate School of Harvard. In the year 1S94—

J011.\ II. WRIGHT

Classical Review, The Nation, etc. On .Ajiril 2,
1879, he married Mary, daughter of Dr. V.. 'I'.
Tappaii of Kenyon College. They had three
children: Elizabeth Tappan (deceased), Austin
Tapi)aii and John Kirtland \\'right.

WAMBAUGH, Eugene, 1856-

Born in Ohio, 1856; educated at Harvard (1876) and
Harvard Law School; practised law in Cincinnati;
Professor in the State University of Iowa; Professor
in the Harvard Law School; received honorary degree
of Doctor of Laws from State University of Iowa ;
author of legal books.

EUGENE ^VAMRAUGH, LL.D., Professor in
the Law School of llarvanl, was born in
Ohio, l'\'bruary 29, 1856, and i; the son of Rev.

6o2

UNIJ'RRSiriES AND THEIR SONS

A. B. Wambaugh and Sarah Sells ^Valllbaugh. At
Harvard he received the degree of liachelor of Arts
in 1 8 76, of ^^aster of Ails in 1877 and of Bachelor
of Laws, in 18S0. After becoming a member of

EUGENE WAJIBAUGH

the Bar in Cincinnati in 1880 he practised there for
nine years. From i88g to 1892 he was Professor
in the Law Department of the State University of
Iowa and since 1S92 has been Professor in the Law
School of Harvard. The year he came to Harvard
he receivei-l from the State University of Iowa the
degree of Doctor of Laws. Professor Wambaugh
has published three books : The Study of Cases ;
Cases for Analysis ; and Cases on Agency.

WARREN, Herbert Langford, 1857-

Born in Manchester, England, 1857; educated in
America, England and Germany; studied Architecture
in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston,
and under the late H. H. Richardson of Brookline,
Mass., and in Europe ; an architect and landscape
designer having offices in Boston and at one time
in Troy, N. Y. ; chosen Instructor of Architecture
at Harvard. 1893 ; Assistant Professor, 1894 ; Professor,
1899.

HERBERT LANGFORD WARREN, Pro-
fessor of .Architecture at Harvard, was born
in M.anchester, England, March 29, 1857. He is the
eldest son of Rev. Samuel Mills Warren of Boston,

born at Dedhani, Massachusetts, and Sarah .Ann
Broadfield of Manchester, England, and while an
infant was brought to the United States by his
parents, who were residing in England at the time of
his birth. His education was acquired in America,
England and Germany ; he studied at Owens
College, RLanchester, and his professional studies
were pursued in the office of an architect in Man-
chester, England, at the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology under Professor W. R. Ware and M.
Eugene LiStang ; in the fine arts courses at Harvard
College under Professors C. E. Norton and C. H.
Moore, and in the office of the late H. H.
Richardson (architect of Trinity Church, Boston),
with whom he rem.iincd five years, at the expira-
tion of which time he again visited Europe, spend-
ing a year and a half in study and observation in
England, France and Italy. He was for a time in
charge of the Architectiial Department of the New
York Sanitary Engineer, and in 1886 engaged in
active professional work in Boston, later establishing
a branch office in Troy, New York. He has contri-
buted to the professional journals, especially the
Architectural Review and the Brick Builder of
Boston. The list of Mr. Warren's achievements
in architecture comprises public buildings, private
residences and grounds, prominent among which may
be mentioned the town halls at Lincoln and Billerica,
Massachusetts ; the Scripps Cemetery Chapel, De-
troit, Michigan ; a large orphan asylum at Troy, and
the Sagamore Hotel at Lake George, New York ; the
Swedenborgian Church in Washington, District of
Columbia, and residences at Saratoga and Lake
George in New York State, Cambridge, Brookline,
and Newton in Massachusetts, Newport in Rhode
Island, and in towns of New Hampshire, Vermont,
Florida, and Te.xas. In Newport his work included
the laying out of Renfrew Park and the designing of
its buildings, consisting of ornate dwellings, a casino,
and large club stables. In 1893 Mr. Warren was
chosen Instructor of Architecture at Harvard, and
ill the following year was appointed Assistant Pro-
fessor in charge of the Department of .Architecture,
which was established in that year. In 1S99 he was
appointed Professor of Architecture. From 1891 to
1895 he served as Secretary of the Boston Society
of .Architects. He is a fellow of the American
Institute of .Architects, serving as a Director of that
.Association in 1S95-1898. In 1887 he married
Catherine C. Reed, daughter of the Rev. James
Reed, of Boston, Massachusetts, by whom he has
four children.

UNIVERSITIES JND THEIR SONS

60^

TOY, Crawford Howell, 1836- completing the course at the Norfolk Academy, Mr.

Born in Norfolk, Virginia, 1836; educated at Norfolk '^"Y entered the University of Virginia, where he

Academy, University of Virginia, Southern Baptist gnullUltcd with the degree of Master of Arts in I.S56.

riiree years were then spent as teacher in Albemarle
Institute, Charlottesville, Virginia, followed by a
year's course of study in the Southern Baptist
Theological Seminary. Then the War broke out
and Mr. Toy enlisted in the C^onfederate Aimy,
serving thereuntil 1S64. For a year after the Re-
bellion he taught as licentiate in the Ihiivcrsity of
Virginia, and the next two years were occupied in
study at the University of Berlin. Then he re-
turned to America and from 1869 to 1879 was Pro-
fessor of Hebrew in the Southern IJaptist Theological
Seminary, first at Greenville, South Carolina, and
then at Louisville, Kentucky. In 1S80 he was
appointed Hancock Professor of Hebrew and other
Oriental Languages and Dexter Lecturer on Biblical
Literature in Harvard College. He has published
a translation of the Lange Commentary on Samuel ;
A History of the Religion of Israel ; Quotations in
the New Testament ; Judaism and Christianity ;
Ezekiel, edited and translated in Sacred Books of
the Old Testament ; Commentary on Proverbs, in
International and Critical Commentary, etc. In
1888 he married Nancy Saunders.

Theological Seminary and University of Berlin;
teacher in Albemarle Institute, Charlottesville, Va. ;
served in the Confederate Army; taught as licentiate
in the University of Virginia ; Professor in Southern
Baptist Theological Seminary ; Professor in Harvard
College and Lecturer in the Harvard Divinity School;
author of History of the Religion of Israel, Quotations
in New Testament, Judaism and Christianity, commen-
taries on Ezekiel and Proverbs, and various critical
and exegetical tracts and articles.

CRAWFORD HOWKLI, I'OV, A.M., Pro-
fessor of Hebrew and other Oriental lan-
guages in Harvard, was born in Norfolk, Vir-

C. H. TOY

ginia, March 23, 1S36. The earliest trace of
the Toy family is found in 1-jigland in the person
of Robert Toy, bookseller in St. Paul's Church-
yard in 1640. Members of the family came
to America about 1720 and settled first in New
Jersey and then in Baltimore, whence Professor
Toy's grandfather moved to Virginia about the
beginning of this century. The father of Professor
Toy was Thomas Dallam Toy. His mother, .Amelia
Ann Rogers, was the granddaughter of a Stanhope,
an officer in the .American .Army during the Re-
volutionary War. The Stanhopes settled in Virginia
about the beginning of the last century. .After

WADSWORTH, Oliver Fairfield, 1838-

Born in Boston, Mass., 1838 ; educated at Harvard
(i£6o); farmer in Colorado: graduated Harvard Medi-
cal School; Assistant Surgeon Fifth Massachusetts
Cavalry, served on General Weitzel's staff; received
brevet of Captain; practised medicine in Boston; As-
sistant Editor Boston Medical and Surgical Journal:
became oculist in Boston ; has been Ophthalmic Sur-
geon in the Boston City Hospital ; Ophthalmic Surgeon
to Out-Patients at the Massachusetts General Hos-
pital; Clinical Instructor in Ophthalmology at Har-
vard; Professor of Ophthalmology; member of the
International Periodic Congress of Ophthalmology and
of numerous medical societies.

Ol.lVKR FAIRFILLl) WAlJSWCJRTl 1, A..M.,
M.n., Professor of Ophthalmology at Har-
vard, was born in Boston, Massachusetts, .April 26,
1 838. His parents were .Alexander and Mary
Elizabeth Hubbard (Fairfield) Wadsworth. Pro-
fessor Wadsworth was a great-grandson of General
Peleg Waldsworth of the Revolutionary War, who
was a descendant in the fourth generation from
Christopher Wadsworth who landed from England
in Boston in 1632. From the Boston Latin School,
Mr. \\'adsworth entered Harvard, where he graduated
in i860. For a year or more he was at or near

6o4

UNIJ'ERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

Denver, Colorado, farming part of that time, hut and the Heidelberg Ophthalmologische Gesellschaft.
then returned to lioston and began the study of On the i6th of April, 1S67 Professor Wadsworth
medicine at the Harvard Medical School where he married in lioston, Martha Chapman, daughter of
graduated in 1865. In April i<SC5, he was com- Ozias and l.ucy Newell (Chapman) Goodwin. 'I'hcy

have six children: Oliver ^'airfield, laicy Goodwin,
Elizabeth Fairfield, Richard Cioodwin, I'^liot and
Philip Wadsworth.

O. F. WADSWORTH

missioned Assistant Surgeon of the Fifth Massa-
chusetts Cavalry, and served in Virginia and Texas,
in the latter state on General Weitzel's staff. He
was mustered out with the regiment October 31,
1865, subsequently received the brevet of Captain.
In November of that year he began the practice of
medicine in Boston, but afterwards limited his prac-
tice to ophthalmology. In 1S6S he was Assistant
Editor of the Boston Medical and Surgical Journal
and in 1869— 1870 was studying in Europe, spend-
ing most of the time in Switzerland and Germany.
He has been Ophthalmic Surgeon in the Boston
City Hospital since November 22, 1870, Ophthalmic
Surgeon to Out-Patients of the Massachusetts General
Hospital since February 1874 and Ophthalmic Sur-
geon to the Massachusetts Charitable Eye and Ear
Infirmary since 1891. His connection with Harvard
dates from 1881 when he was made Instructor in
Ophthalmology. In 1890 he was appointed Pro-
fessor of Ophthalmology. He is President of the
American Ophthalmological Society. His name is
enrolled in various medical societies, including the
International Periodic Congress of 0]3luhalmology.

SHATTUCK, Frederick Cheever, 1847-

Born in Boston, Mass., 1847 ; graduated at Harvard
(1868); Jackson Professor of Clinical Medicine at Har-
vard ; Visiting Physician Massachusetts General
Hospital; member of the Association of Ainerican
Physicians.

FRiaoia-LICK CHEEVER SII.VITUCK, A.M..
M.D., Jackson Professor of Clinical Medicine
at Harvard, is the son of George Cheyne and Anne
Henriette (Brune) Shattuck, and was born in Bos-
ton, Massachusetts, November i, 1847. He re-
ceived the degree of Bachelor of Arts at Harvard
in 1868, the degree of blaster of Arts in 1872 and
the degree of Doctor of Medicine in 1S73. Dr.
Shattuck has also been Visiting Physician of ihc

F. C. SHAITL'CK

Massachusetts General Hospital. He is a member
of the Massachusetts Medical Society, and the As-
sociation of American Physicians. On June 9,
1876 he married Elizabeth Lee.

UNIVERSITIES AND 771 E/R SONS

605

PIERCE, Henry Lillie, 1825-1896.

Born in Stoughton, Mass., 1825 ; educated at Milton
(Mass.) Academy and at State Normal School. Bridge-
water, Mass.; engaged in chocolate manufacturing, in
which he acquired a fortune ; prominent in independent
political movements ; one of the organizers of the Free
Soil Party. 1848 : member of the Massachusetts Legis-
lature ; twice Mayor of Boston; Representative to
Congress, 1873-78 ; distinguished for public spirit,
charities, and generosity toward educational and public
enterprises; benefactor of Harvard ; died, 1896.

HENRY LILLIE PIERCE, Benefactor of Har-
vard, was born in Stoiighton, Massachusetts,
.■August 23, 1825. His father, Colonel Jesse Pierce,
was a member of the Legislature and distinguished
as an educator, and although a Democrat in poli-
tics was an early opponent of the slave power. His

HE.NRV L. PIERCE

mother was the daughter of Captain Juhn Lillie, an
officer of the Revolutionary War. Mr. Pierce re-
ceived his education at the Academy in Milton, and
at the .State Normal School in Bridgewater, Massa-
chusetts, and early became interested in the manu-
facture of cliocolate in which business he achieved
a notable success, acquiring a large fortune. Mr.
Pierce was a man of great energy and public spirit,
taking a leading part in the large political move-
ments of his time. He was one of the most zealous
pnimciters o{ the organization of the Free Soil

Parly in i,S4.S, and of the Republican party some
years later. i!y this party he was elected to the
Massachusetts Legislature in 1860-1861-1S62, and
again in 1866, serving with distinction. Me was
also for two years a member of the lioaril of .\lder-
nun of the Ciiy of Boston, (1871-72) and twice
held the office of Ma)'()r of that city, in 1873 -Titl
1878, being elected by a "citizens' movement"
irrespective of political parties. His independence
of party rule was especially marked in his course in
Congress, to which he was elected for two terms,
1873-1877, as a Rejiiiblican, but he vigorously
0])p(ised the so-called Force Bill, also the counting of
the I'^lectoral vote of Louisiana in 1876. He broke
entirely from the Republican party in 1884, taking a
prominent [jart in the "Mugwum]>" revolt against
the nomination of James (J. IJlaine for President,
which resulted in the election of Grover Cleveland.
Mr. Pierce used his large wealth iiKist generously
during his life in the promotion of educational and
other public enterprises, with entire absence of
ostentation. His bequests in this line were muni-
ficent, amounting to over 34,500,000, of which Har-
vard was made beneficiary to the extent of about
$825,000. He died December 17, 1S96.

STORER, Francis Humphreys, 1832-

Born in Boston, Mass., 1832 ; studied two years in
the Lawrence Scientific School at Harvard, and then
went as a chemist with the United States North Pacific
Exploring Expedition, returning to take the degree
of S.B. in 1855; Professor of General and Industrial
Chemistry, and of Analytical Chemistry at the Massa-
chusetts Institute of Technology, 1865 ; Professor of
Agricultural Chemistry, Harvard, since 1870; Dean of
the Bussey Institution since 1871 ; A.M., honorary.
Harvard, 1870.

FR.ANCIS HUMPHREYS STORER. S. B.,
A. M., Professor of .'\gricultural Chemistry
at Harvard, was born in Boston, Mrissachusetts,
March 27, 1852, the son of Daxid llinn[)hreys
Storer (Bowdoin 1822, M. D. Harvard, 1825). He
entered the Lawrence Scientific School at Harvard
in 1850, where he studied chemistry, becoming the
assistant of Professor Josiah P. Cooke in 1851, giving
at the same time private instruction in chemical
analysis in the Harvard Medical School. In 1853
he was appointed Chemist to the United States
North Pacific E.xploring ICxpedition, and on his
return from this voyage he completed his course at
the Lawrence Scientific School ami received the

6o6

UNJFERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

degree of" Bachelor of Science in 1855. After two
years of technical study in Germany and Paris, he
returned to Boston where he estabhshed a private
laboratory as analytic and consulting chemist,

F. H. STORER

holding at the same time the position of Chemist
to the Boston Gas Light Company. In 1865 he
was appointed Professor of General and Industrial
Chemistry in the Massachusetts Institute of Tech-
nology, and also held the Chair of Analytical
Chemistry in that school. He was called to the
Professorship of Agricultural Chemistry at Harvard
in 1870, which he still holds, having also been Dean
of the Bussey Institution since 187 1. Professor
Storer has contributed largely to the literature of
science, his works relating to agriculture and to
inorganic chemistry and chemical analysis, in some
of which he had the collaboration of Dr. Charles W.
Eliot, being standard in their field. He is a fellow
of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Harvard conferred upon him the honorary degree
of Master of Arts in 1870.

Asylum for the Insane and of the McLean Asylum-
Lecturer Harvard Medical School, 1864 71 ; Professor
of Mental Diseases, 1871-78.

JOHN EUGENE TYLER, M.I)., Professor
of Mental Diseases in the Harvard Medical
School, was born in Boston, Massachusetts December
9, 1 81 9, the son of John Eugene Tyler, (Harvard
I 786). He resided in Westborough, Massachusetts,
during the earlier years of his life and received his
education in the schools of that place and at Phillips
Academy, subsequently teaching school in Newport,
Rhode Island, while pursuing the study of medicine.
The direction of his life-work was determined while
he was Superintendent of the New Hampshire
Asylum for the Insane, from which time he devoted
himself to the specialty of alienism. For a number
of years he was Superintendent of the McLean
Asylum at Somerville, Massachusetts, and in 1S64
was appointed University Lecturer in connection
with the Harvard Medical School, continuing in
that service until r87i, when he was made Professor
of Mental Diseases in the same school. The latter
position he held until 1878. Dr. Tyler lias served

JOHN E. TVLER

TYLER, John Eugene, 1819-

Born in Boston, Mass, i8ig; educated at Phillips
Academy ; Superintendent of the New Hampshire

as a State Commissioner in New Hamjishire and
Massachusetts for the establishment of reformatory
institutions, and is a member of the American .Acad-
emy and of other learned societies.

UNIl'ERSrriES .L\D THEIR SONS

607

AVERY, Samuel Putnam, 1822-

Born in New York City, 1822; educated in the com-
mon schools; learned the engraving trade ; became an
art dealer ; Commissioner in charge of the American
Fine Art Department at the Paris Universal Exposi-
tion; Secretary of the Art Committee of the Union
League Club : Trustee of the Metropolitan Museum of
Art and the New York Public Library ; member of the
Union League Century and Grolier Clubs, the New
York Historical, Geographical, Archaeological and Free
Public Library Societies ; founded and endowed the
Avery Architectural Library at Columbia.

SAMUEL PUTNAM AVl'.RV, M.A., Founder of
the A\cty Architeetural Library at t'ohimbia,
was bom in New York City, ISLircli 17, 1822, son of
Samuel P. and Hannah Ann (Parke) Avery. He
traces his descent from WilUam Avery who came to
Dedham, l\Liss., in 1650 and was one of the original
proprietors of the Deerfield Grant ; and in the
maternal line from Richard Park who settled at
Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 1635. He was edu-
cated in the common schools, and had no collegiate
training. Li early life he followed the engraving
art, first as a letter-engraver with a banknote com-
pany, and then as an engraver on wood, in which
business he continued until 1S66, working for Har-
per & Pirotliers and other publisliing houses, in
illustrating magazine articles and books. In 186S
he became an art dealer, and continued for a quarter
of a century in that business. Mr. .'\very has had
an extensive acquaintance with European artists,
and has done much for the development of art in
America. He was one of Mr. William H. Vander-
bilt's agents in collecting pictures, and has been
instrumental in forming some of the best private
collections in the United States. He was com-
missioner in charge of the American Fine .-Xrt De-
partment at the Paris Universal Exposition of 1867.
As Secretary of the .Art Committee of the Union
League Club, he called the meeting which led to
the founding of the Metropolitan Museum of .Art in
1870, and has served continuously as a Trustee of
that Institution. He is a member of the LTnion
League, Century and Grolier Clubs, also of the
New York Historical, New York Geographical, New
York .ArchKological and Free Public Library Socie-
ties. In i8go Mr. Avery and liis wife, Mary Ogdeu
Avery, gave to Columbia a large collection of works
relating to architecture and the kindred arts, to
establish the Avery Architectural Library, as a
memorial of their son, Henry Ogden Avery, an
architect and art student. The gift of the collection
was accompanied by a sum of money ameunting to

Si 5,000, for the i)ur(hasc of books, and a furllier
sum of $25,000 as an endowment fund. To this
liberal benefaction Mr. Avery has added other
generous donations from time to time. The libr.iiy
now numbers about sixteen thousand volumes, and
is rep\ited to be the finest collection of its kind in
this country and peihaiis in the world. Columbia
College in 1896 ci)nferred u|ion him the degree of
Master of .Arts for his labors in the cause of art and
art culture in tlie L'nitcd States, and on his seventy-
fifth birthday, in the year following, a number of
the leading citizens of New ^'ork presented him
with a gold medal in recognition of his various
public services.

MORGAN, John Pierpont, 1837-

Born in Hartford, Conn., 1837 ; educated at the high
school in that city and at the University of Gbttingen,
Germany; entered the banking business, i860; firm of
Dabney, Morgan & Company, 1864; Urexel, Morgan &
Company since 1871 ; benefactor of Columbia.

JOHN PIERPONT MORGAN, Benefactor of
Columbia, was born in Hartford, Connecticut,
.Xliril 17, 1837, son of Junius Spencer Morgan, a'
lineal descendant of Miles Morgan, one of the first
settlers of .Springfield, Massachusetts. His father,
at one time the partner of James M. Beebe of Bos-
ton, and later of George Peabody of London, was the
creator of the firm of J. S. Morgan & Company, the
successor of the house of George Peabody & Com-
pany, ranking as one of the three greatest ]irivate bank-
ing institutions of the world. J. S. Morgan married
Juliet, daughter of John Pierpont, the poet, of which
union John Pierpont Morgan is the only surviving
son. He was educated at the English High School
in his native city, and at the University of Gottingen,
Germany, and on his return to this country, entered,
before he had reached his majority, the banking
house of Duncan, Sherman cS; Company, in New
York, where for tliree years he familiarized himself
with the business. In i860 when competent to
undertake the responsibility, he became the agent in
the United States of the London house of George
Peabody & Comjiany, in which his father was an
active member, and four years later he entered as
junior partner, the firm of Dabney, ISforgan & Com-
pany. He was made a member of the firm of
Drexel, Morgan & Company in 1871, and this con-
nection he has maintained to the present. Mr.
Morgan has inherited his father's genius for finance
and has pursued a course of uninterrupted success.

6o8

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

conducting in a masterly manner sume of the largest
operations, industrial and financial, which this coun-
try has seen. Like his father also he is a most
liberal giver, especially to educational enterprises
of public advantage. The Hartford Free Public
Library has received from him ,^50,000, together
with freipient judicious gifts of rare works. He en-
dowed the Neu- York 'I'rade Schools with ^500,000,
contributed a like sum to the building of St. John's
Cathedral, and in i>S88 presented to St. George's
Protestant Episcopal Church, of which he is a mem-
ber, a memorial building costing ^300,000. When

J. p. MORGAN

it was desired to purchase a site at Morningside
Heights for the erection of buildings for Columbia,
Mr. Morgan headed the list of subscribers with a
contribution of Si 00,000.

PERRY, Edward Delavan, 1854-

Born in Troy, New York, 1854; received his early
education at private schools in Troy, Brooklyn, N. Y.,
and Stamford, Conn.; graduate of Columbia, 1875;
studied abroad at the Universities of Leipzig and Tu-
bingen ; Ph.D. Tubingen, 1879; Tutor at Columbia,
1880-83 ; Instructor 1883-91 ; Professor of Sanskrit,
1891-95 ; Jay Professor of Greek since 1895.

EDW.-^RD DEL.WAN PERRY, Ph.D., Jay
Professor of Greek at Columbia, was born in
the City of Troy, New York, December 20, 1854.

'I'he first representative of the Perry family in .\iuer-
ica came to Massachusetts from England previous to
1660. His mother was Saiah Hillhouse, descended
from an old Connecticut fnnily of that name, and
also connected with the 'i'en Broeck and Van
Schaick families of Knickerbocker stock. .Ml of his
great-grandfathers fought for the Colonies in their
struggle for Indejiendence, one of them. Major
John C. Ten liroeck, from the beginning to the end
of the War. The subject of this sketch rei eived
his early education in the jniblic schools of Troy,
Brooklyn, New York, and Stamford, Connecticut.
He entered Columbia in 1871, taking his degree
four years later, and then went abroad to study lan-
guages at the Lhiiversities of Leipzig and Tubingen.
He received the degree of Doctor of Philosophy
from the latter Institution in 1S79. On his return
to America in the following year. Dr. Perry was
made a Tutor at Columbia, and three years later
was promoted to Listructor. He held this latter
position eight vears, and in 1S91 was called to the
Chair of Sanskrit in the University. He occupied
this position four years, and was then called to the
Jay Professorship of Greek which he still retains.
He married in 1S83 Alice I\L, daughter of the late
Stephen D. Van Schaick, former Surrogate of the
County of New York. Professor Perry is a mem-
ber of a number of philological and other scientific
bodies, among them the American Oriental Society,
of which he was Corresponding Secretary during
1S94-1895, the American Philological Association,
American Dialect Society, New York Academy of
Sciences, and he ArcliKological Institute of Amer-
ica. He is President of the New York Society of
the latter body. His chief publications are : A
Sanskrit Primer, founded on the Leitfa<len of Pro-
fessor G. Biihler; translation of The German
I'niversities ; Their Character and Historical Devel-
opment, by Friedrich Paulsen; Account of the
German ITniversities in the International Encyclo-
paedia ; various articles in the Educational Review.

RITZEMA, Joannes, 1710-1795.

Born in Holland, 1710 ; emigrated to America and
became senior minister of the Reformed Dutch Church
of New York City, 1744-84; was one of the original
Trustees of Columbia, 1754; died, 1795.

JOANNES RITZEMA, Trustee of Columbia,
was born in Holland in 17 10, where he en-
tered the ministry, emigrating to America about
1740. He established himself in New York City,

UNIFERSiriES AND THEIR SONS

609

taking a leading part in church affairs, and formed
a permanent Pastoral connection in 1 744. By the
provisions of the Royal Charter establishing the
government of King's College, the " senior minister
of the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church in the
City of New York " was made a member of the
Board of Governors of that institution. I\[r. Rit/.ema
was the senior minister of his church, and thus
became ^-.v officio a member of the original Board of
Trustees. The records show his attendance at
meetings of this body, but he withdrew in con-
sequence of some disagreement regarding a Pro-

JOANNES RITZEMA

fessorship and other matters. His son, Rudolph
who subsequently became Lieutenant-Colonel in
the British army, was a member of the first graduat-
ing class, in 1758. Mr. Ritzema was the author of
several books published in the Dutch language, and
was a preacher of much repute in all that section of
the country. He died at Kinderhook, N. Y., in
T775-

FREEDMAN, William Horatio, 1867-

Born in New York City, 1867 ; graduated from the
public schools of New York City and spent three years
in the scientific course in the College of the City of
New York ; graduate of the Civil Engineering course
at Columbia, 1889; took a two-year post-graduate
course, receiving the degree of E.E. in 1891 ; held the
VOL. II. — 39

John Tyndall Fellowship in Physics at Columbia, 1S91-
92; Tutor in Electrical Engineering at Columbia, 1892;
Tutor [in Mechanics, 1895 ; Assistant in the Summer
School of Surveying, i8go-gi 92; Assistant in the Sum-
mer School of Geodesy and Astronomy, 1891 ; spent
three years as Lecturer and Teacher in electrical sub-
jects in the University Extension work; Editor of
Electric Power for one and a half years.

WILLIA.M HORATIO FREKDMAN, C.E.,
E.E., Tutor in Mechanics at Columbia,
was born in the City of New York December 28,
1867. His parents, John Joseph and Agnes Roes-
sel Freedman, came to the United States from
Germany about the middle of the present century.
He received his early education in the public
schools of New York City, graduating in 1882, and
after three years at the College of the City of New
York in the Scientific Course entered the School of
Mines of Columbia in 1885, graduating as Civil
Engineer in 1889. He followed this with a two-
year post-graduate course, culminating in the degree
of Electrical Engineer in 1891, and was appointed
John Tyndall Fellow in Physics the highest honor
Columbia can confer upon a student. Resigning
his Fellowship he was appointed Tutor in Electrical
Engineering, but was in 1895 transferred to Tutor
in Mechanics so as to assist in Thermodynamics.
Besides his regular work in the University, Mr.
Freedman was Assistant to Professor Munroe in the
Summer School of Surveying in 1890, 1891 and
1892, and Assistant to Professor Rees in .Astronomy
and Geodesy in 1891. He was also engaged in
University Extension work for three years as a
Lecturer and teacher on electrical subjects and was
one of the Lecturers in the free courses of lectures
under the auspices of the New York City Board of
Education in 1S95, 1S96 and 1S97. Ijesides his
educational work, Mr. I'>eedman was engaged for
four years in the private practice of his profession
as an electrical engineer and contractor, having
organized in February 1894, the firm of Freedman,
Rennard & Company. He w.as also Editor of
Electric Power for a year and a half. He married
January 30, 1S95, Lillian Augusta Wilson. Mr.
Freedman was made an associate member of the
American Institute of Electrical Engineers in March
1890, and a full member in December 1S95. He
is also a member of the American Mathematical
Society, the American Institute in the City of New
York, Secretary and Past President of the Henry
Electrical Society and an honorary member of the
Engineering Society of Columbia, He is not nn
active member of either political party.

6 1 o

UNIJ'ERSITIES AND TIIKIR SONS

NEWBERRY, John Strong, 1822-1892.

Born in Windsor, Conn . 1822 ; graduated at Western
Reserve, 1846; at the Cleveland (Ohio) Medical Col-
lege, 1848; concluded his studies abroad; practised
medicine in Cleveland, 1851-55; surgeon and scientist
of three Western expeditions sent out by the U. S.
government; Secretary of the Western Department of
the U. S. Sanitary Commission, 1861-66; Professor of
Geology and Paleontology at Columbia during the rest
of his activity, and retired as Emeritus ; member of the
University Council, i8go-gi ; Geologist to the States of
Ohio and New Jersey, and Paleontologist to the U. S.
Geological Survey; died, 1892.

JOHN STRONG NKWBERRV, M.D., LL.D.,
Professor of Geology and Paleontology at Co-
lumbia, was born in Windsor, Connecticut, Decem-
ber 22, 1822. He was a student at Western
Reserve College, graduating in 1S46, and after
taking his degree at the Cleveland Medical College
in 1848 he studied abroad for nearly two years.
Engaging in the practice of medicine in Cleveland,
Ohio, in 185 1, he resided there until 1855, when
he went to the Pacific coast as acting Assistant Sur-
geon of a government expedition to California and
Oregon, and also to report on the geology, zoology
and botany of that region. His reports on the
geology, botany and zoology of Northern California
are contained in the sixth volume of the Reports
of Explorations and Surveys to ascertain the most
Practical and Economical Route for a Railroad
from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean,
made in 1853-1856. He subsequently accom-
panied two expeditions to the western wilds as
scientist, exploring tlie Colorado River and parts of
Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico and Utah, and
making the first scientific report of a country pos-
sessing unmistakable traces of an ancient civilization
and enormous mineral resources. His observations
constituted the most valuable and most interesting
material gathered by those expeditions. Fully half
of the Report upon the Colorado River of the West
explored in 185 7-1 858 was written by him. Tiie
information he obtained on the later expedition, in
1859, covering a large area of hitherto unknown
country in Colorado, Utah, Arizona and New
Mexico — since proved to be rich in minerals and
replete with evidences of an ancient civilization —
was embodied in a Report of the Exploring Expe-
dition from Santa Fi to the Junction of the Grand
and Green Rivers, published in 1876. From 1S61
to 1866 he ably filled the post of Secretary of the
Western Department of the United States Sanitary
CoiTimission, and after retiring from what proved
to be one of the most important subservient ad-

juncts to the Ihiion Army, he joined the Faculty
of tlie Columbia School of Mines as Professor i.f
tieology and Paleontology, occupying that chair for
about twenty-five years, or imtil retiring as Pro-
fessor Emeritus. He was appointed Geologist of
the State of Ohio in 1869, was subsequently con-
nected with the Geological Survey of New Jersey,
and appointed Paleontologist of the United States
Geological Survey in 1884. Besides holding the
Presidency of the American Association for the
Advancement of Science, the New York Academy
of Science and the Torrey Botanical Club, he was

J. S. NEWBERRY.

one of the scientists selected by Congress to
organize the National Academy of Sciences ; held
membership in other learned bodies both in
America and Europe, and was awarded the Mur-
chison medal by the London Geological Society in
1 888. In 1 890- 1 891 he served in the Columbia
University Council, and his death occurred in 1892.
Professor Newberry was honored with the degree
of Doctor of Laws by Western Reserve in 1867.
He acted as one of the Judges at the Centennial
Exposition at Philadelphia in 1876, and was in
constant demand as a mining expert, having ex-
amined nearly every noted mineral deposit in the
LTnited States. He was a prolific writer, and ex-
clusive of his scientific reports, his bibliography
comprises about two hundred papers.

INDEX TO VOLUME II

PAGE

Abbe, Robert 393

Abbot, Abiel . 367

Abbot, Ezra 223

Abbot, Francis E 319

Abbott, Herbert V 127

Abbott, Josiah G 290

Abbott, Lyman 366

Adams, Brooks 274

Adams, Charles Francis . . . 127

Adams, Charles F 130

Adams, Charles F. 2d . . . . 207

Adams, Comfort A 130

Adams, Eliphalet iSo

Adams, George B 244

Adams, John Quincy .... 128

Adams, Warren A ■ 3S6

Adams, William 186

Adrain, Robert 200

Agassiz, Alexander 293

Agassiz, Louis 291

Agnew, Cornelius R 255

Ale.xander, Archibald .... 62

Alexander, James W 63

Alexander, Joseph A 252

Alexander, Stephen 471

Alexander, William 100

Allen, Frederick DeF 207

Allen, Joel .\ 208

Ames, Frederick L 131

Ames, James B 134

Amory, Robert 209

Anderson, Henry 0 420

Anderson, William G 410

Andreen, Gustav A 230

Andrew, John A. 132

Andrew, Samuel 34

Andrews, Sherlock J 243

Anthon, Charles 256

Anthon, George C 256

Anthony, William A 255

Appleton, Francis II 274

Appleton, Nathaniel 134

Appleton, .Samuel 133

Arnold, John II 385

Ashley, William J 595

Ashniun. John II 137

PACK

Ashton, Charles II 137

Atwater, I.yman II 504

Atwater, Wilbur 0 347

Auchmuty, Samuel 102

Austin, James 'r 137

Avery, Samuel I' 607

Babbitt, Eugene II 513

Babbitt, Frank C 138

Bachi, Pietro 138

Bacon, Benjamin W 236

Bacon, Leonard 34

Bacon, Leonard W. Jr 231

Badger, Milton 35

Bailey, Mark 410

Bailey, William V, 465

Baird, Henry M 252

Baker, George II 308

Baker, George P 138

Baldwin, Abraham 35

Baldwin, Charles S 411

Baldwin, James M 1S7

Baldwin, Samuel E 412

Ball, A. Brayton 450

Ballon, Ilosea 136

Bancroft, Cecil K 233

Bancroft, George 135

Bard, .Samuel loi

Bard, William 256

Barker, George F 497

Barnard, Frederick A. 1'. . . . 100

Bartlett, Charles J 497

Bartlett, George A 145

Battell, Robbins 36

Baxter, Gregory 1' 141

Bayard, John 186

Bayard, Samuel 238

Beach, Abraham 308

Beach, Frederic E 499

Beach, Henry H. A 209

Beale, Joseph II. Jr 142

lieasley, F'rederick 333

Beatty, Charles 188

Bealty, John 334

Beck, Charles 140

Beck, Charles B 309

611

TACK

Beck, John B 102

Bcecher, Charles E. .

4", 5

Beecher, Edward . .

iSi

Beecher, Henry Ward

I So

Beekman, James W. .

^iS7

Beers, Henry A. . .

24-!

Belcher, Jonathan

Bennett, Edmund II.

Benson, h'.gbert . .

'0.1

Berkeley, George . .

Berrian, William . .

2s8

Berrien, John . . .

i.SS

Betts, William . . .

309

Bidwell, Marshall S. .

3'o

Bigelow, Jacob . . .

276

liillingfl, John S. . .

3^1

Bishop, Louis B.

^3'

Bishop, William H. .

386

Bissell, Clark . . .

230

Bixby, Harry 0. . .

140

Black, Adolph . . .

4S0

Blackman, William I-'.

445

Blair, John ....

505

Blair, John I. . . .

333

Blair, Samuel . . .

2S2

Blake, Joseph A. , .

456

Blatchford, Samuel

3'0

Bloomlield, Josei)h

557

Boag, I'xlward T. . .

309

Bocher, Ferdinand

■4^

Bocher, Maxinic

'47

Bolles, Frank . .

^f.9

Bolton, Henry C. . .

4^■o

Bond, George P.

Bond, William C. . .

Bostwick, David

334

Botsford, George \\'.

.>"7

Boudinot, Elias . .

Bourne, Edward G.

388

Boutwell, George S. .

5-0

Bowdcn, John . . .

'03

Bowditch, Henry 1. .

491

Bowdilch, Henry P. .

36S

Bowditch, Nathaniel .

,';34

Bowdoin, James . .

Howen, Francis . .

1,14

6l2

UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

PAGE

Boyden, Uriah A. ..... . 3

Boyesen, Hjalmar H 258

Boylston, Nicholas 139

Boylston, Waid 139

Brackett, Cyrus F 65

Bradford, Alden 294

Bradford, Alexander W. . . . 310

Brainard, John 334

Brastow, Lewis 0 537

Brattle, Thomas 141

Brattle, William 142

Breckinridge, John 99

Breidenbaugh, Edward S. . . . 303

Brewer, Josiah 347

Brewer, William H 49S

Briggs, Edward C 145

Briggs, George N 275

Briggs, Henry C 504

Britton, Nathaniel Ij 311

Broadus, John A 34S

Brocklesby, John 244

Brockway, Fred J 420

Krodt, Philip E 311

Brooks, John 146

Brooks, Neil C 14S

Brooks, Phillips 14S

Brown, Isaac V. A 507

Brown, Robert 445

Browning, Philip E 3S9

Brush, George J 233

Bryan, George 334

Buck, Albert H 421

Buckingham, Thomas .... 38

Buckingham, William A. . . . 37

Buckland, Edward G 414

Buckminster, Joseph .... 3S7

Buckminster, Joseph S. . . . 5

Eumstead, Freeman J 312

Bunistead, Henry A 387

Bunnell, Otis G 251

Burdick, Francis M 513

Burgess, Edward 491

Burgess, John W 481

Burke, Walter S 596

Burr, Aaron 66

Burr, William H 256

Burrage, Walter E 459

Burrell, Herbert L 402

Burrowes, George 475

Bush, George 335

Bushnell, George 230

Bushnell, Horace 232

Bussey, Benjamin 4

Butler, Nicholas M 4S2

Byerly, William E 150

Byles, Mather 147

Caldwell, James 336

Caldwell, Joseph 336

Cameron, A. Guyot 65

Cameron, Henry Clay .... 66

Campbell, Donald F 521

Campbell, John N 337

PAGE

Canfield, George F 357

Carnahan, James 189

Carpenter, George R 453

Carpenter, William II 42

Carrington, Herbert DeW. . . 53S

Carter, Franklin 347

Castle, William E 149

Cattell, James McK 57S

Cestre, Charles 152

Chamberlain, Daniel II. ... 546

Chambers, John 312

Chambers, Talbot W 452

Chandler, Charles F 579

Channing, Edward 150

Channing, Edward T 436

Channing, Walter 435

Channing, William E 434

Chapman, Reuben A 277

Chase, Frederick L 349

Chase, George 422

Chauncey, Nathaniel 39

Chauncy, Charles 5

Chauncy, Israel 38

Chester, Albert H. . « . . . 393

Child, Francis J 153

Chittenden, J. Brace 4S3

Chittenden, Russell II 303

Chittenden, Simon B 244

Choate, Charles F 280

Clap, Thomas 39

Clapp, Dwight M 435

Clark, Alonzo 312

Clark, Henry J 294

Clark, John B 423

Clark, John E 447

Clark, Sheldon 304

Clarke, Clement G 304

Clarke, Edward H 278

Clarke, James Freeman ... 151

Clarke, Samuel F 415

Cleaveland, Parker 277

Clifford, John H 143

Clinton, DeWitt 200

Clinton, James 202

Clossy, Samuel 313

Cochran, John 104

Codman, Charles R 444

Codnian, John T 402

Coe, Edward B 313

Cogswell, Joseph G 278

Cohn, Adolph 450

Coleman, Lyman 232

Collier, Peter 246

Collins, Howard D 35S

Collins, V. Lansing 68

Colman, Benjamin 152

Conant, Edwin 6

Condict, Ira 1S9

Condict, Lewis 506

Coney, John H 574

Cook, .\lbert S 389

Cooke, Josiah P 154

Cooke, William P 156

PAGE

Coolidge, Archibald C 157

Cooper, Mj'les 104

Cooper, Samuel 210

Cornwall, Henry B 337

Cotton, John . . ■ 153

Covington, Harry F 574

Crafts, James M 403

Cragin, Edwin Ij 358

Crane, Louis B 471

Crary, George W 314

Craven, Elijah R 547

Craw, William J 34S

Creelman, Harlan 304

Cross, Wilbur 245

Cummings, Edward 155

Cummings, Prentiss 211

Cunningham, Richard H. . . . 451

Curry, Samuel S 349

Curtis, Benjamin R 224

Curtis, Edward 394

Curtis, Edward L 537

Curtis, George T 224

Curtis, John G 424

Gushing, Caleb 521

Cushing, Harry A 423

Cashing, Luther S 320

Cushing, Thomas 154

Cutler, Elbridge J 279

Cutler, Timothy 40

DaCosta, Charles M 395

Daggett, David 42

Daggett, Leonard M 465

Daggett, Naphtali 43

Dahlgren, Ulric 547

Dana, Edward .S 499

Dana, James F 279

Dane, Nathan 6

Danforth, John 332

Danforth, Samuel 459

Danforth, Thomas 464

Danforth, Thomas 521

Daniels, Winthrop M 71

Davenport, John 41

Davies, Samuel 190

Davis, John 2S0

Davis, William M 1 57

Davison, Alvin 505

Dawes, Thomas 157

Day, Arthur M 453

Day, Jeremiah 43

DeForest, Louis S 539

Delafield, Francis 395

Dennett, John R i jS

Derby, George 320

Derleth, Charles 452

DeWitt, Thomas 5S4

Dexter, Franklin 562

Dexter, Samuel 159

Dickinson, Jonathan S^^J

Dod, Albert B 71

Dod, Samuel B 335

Donald, E. Winchester .... 598

INDEX

PACE

Draper, Frank W 7

Urisler, Meiiry 396

Drown, Thomas M 436

Dnane, James 105

DuHois, A. Jay 446

Diier, William A 105

Dultield, Henry G 73

Duffield, John T 6S

Dunbar, Charles F 15S

Dunning, Harr>- \V 466

Dunster, Henry S

Durfee, Bradford M. C 235

Durgin, Samuel II 494

Duyckinck, Evart A no

Dwight, Timothy 44

Dwight, Timothy 561

Dwight, Theodore W no

Eaton, Theophilus 45

Edwards, Jonathan 69

Egbert, James C 425

Eldridge, Jay G 540

Eliot, Charles W 522

Elliott, Edward G 54S

Ellis, George E 9

Ellsworth, Oliver 253

Elmer, Lucius Q. C 471

Emerton, Ephraim 160

Endicott, William C 3S1

Everett, Charles C ifji

Everett, Edward S

Ewell, Arthur W 540

Ewing, Charles 472

Farnam, Henry 45

Farnam, Henry W 390

Farrand, Livingston 455

Felton, Cornelius C 9

Ferris, Harry B 415

Fessenden, Franklin G 369

Fillebrown, Thomas 161

F'ine, Henry B 72

Finley, Samuel 74

Fish, Hamilton 106

Fisher, George P 351

Fisher, Irving 392

Fisher, Theodore \V 162

Fiske, Thomas S 365

■ Fitz, Reginald II 163

Fleischner, Henry 307

Follen, Charles 10

Francis, John W 107

Francke, Kuno 164

Freedman, William II 609

Gallaudet, Bern E 396

Garrett, Alfred C 166

Gates, Lewis E 13

Gay, George W 403

Germann, George I! 5'4

Gibbs, George 46

Giddings, I-"ranklin II 453

PACB

Goldie, George 339

Gooch, Frank A 351

Goodale, George I. 492

Goodell, Thomas D 235

Goodnow, Frank J 359

Gore, Christopher 11

Gottheil, Richard J. H 514

Granville, William A 391

Gray, Asa ■ i

Gray, Francis C 212

Gray, John C 211

Green, Ashbel 75

Green, Charles M 460

Green, Henry W 76

Green, Jacob 33S

Green, Jacob 338

Green, John C 508

Green, John () 164

Green, Samuel A 524

Greenleaf, James L 558

Greer, David II 5S9

Griscom, John 259

Gross, Charles 167

Gross, John D 314

Gruener, Gustav 235

Gulick, Charles I! lOS

Guyot, Arnold 339

Hackley, Charles W 259

Hadley, Arthur T 562

Hadley, Henry H 305

Hadley, James 181

Ilagen, Hermann A 166

Haight, Benjamin 1 315

Haines, Daniel 472

Hale, Edward Everett .... 492

Hale, George S 369

Hall, Asaph 493

Hall, Edwin H 165

Hall, George S 523

Hall, John 73

Hallock, William 4S9

Halsey, Luther 473

Halsted, Byron D 2S1

Halsted, Nathaniel N 473

Hamilton, Alexander .... loS

Hamilton, John 341

Il.amlin, Alfred D. F 426

Hancock, Charles L 13

Hancock, John 166

Hancock, John 16S

Hancock, Thomas 169

Hardon, Henry W 261

Haring, John 315

Harper, George M 76

Harper, William R 305

Harrington, Charles 170

Harris, Francis A 436

Harris, Samuel 352

Harris, Thaddeus M 169

Harris, William 112

Hart, Albert 11 17>

Hartley, Frank 315

Hart, John S 340

Hart, Luther 245

Harvard, John i

Hastings, Thomas S 360

Hatcher, John B 238

llawes, Joel 247

11 ayden, James R 397

1 1 ay ward, George 319

Hayward, James 281

Hazard, Samuel 74

Hedge, Frederic H 370

Hedge, Levi 282

Henry, John 79

Henry, J. Bayard 548

Henry, Joseph 77

Herrick, Edward C 306

Hersey, Ezekiel 171

Hervey, William A 427

Hewitt, Abrani S 260

Hibben, John G 78

Ilickok, Laurens I' 392

Higginson, Stephen 229

Hill, Henry H 172

Hill, Thomas 13

Hillard, George S 282

Hillhouse, James 47

Hillhouse, James A 249

Hills, William B 172

Ilillyer, Asa 33S

Hoar, E. Rockwood 213

Hoar, George F 459

Hoar, Leonard 15

Hoar, Samuel 212

Hobart, John H 341

Hobart, Noah 234

Hodge, Archibald A 473

Hodge, Charles 474

Hoffman, Ogden 113

Holley, Ale,\ander 1 260

Hollick, Charles A 455

Mollis, Thomas 15

Holmes, Abiel 416

Holmes, Oliver Wendell . . . 295

Holmes, Oliver Wendell Jr. . . 283

Holmes, Samuel 48

Holworthy, Matthew 14

Holyoke, Edward 16

Hone, Philip i iS

Hooker, Charles 351

Hooker, Horace 352

Hooker, Samuel 172

Honker, Worthinglou .... 353

Hooper, Franklin H 404

Hope, Matthew B 79

Hopkins, Edward 48

Horsford, l<;ben N 382

Horsmanden, Daniel 316

Hoskins, Preston So

Howard, Simon 2S4

Howe, Henry M 31 8

Ilowells, William Dean . . . 174

H.nvs, John W. S 126

Hubbard, Thomas 447

6i4

UNIFERSITIES AND THEIR SONS

PAGE

Humphreys, David 49

Humphreys, Willard igi

Hunt, Theodore W So

Hunter, Andrew igo

Huntington, Klisha 2S4

Huntington, Frederic D. . . . 213

Hurlbut, Byron S 176

Huss, Hermann CO Si

Hutton, Frederick R 317

Hyslop, James H 39S

Iddings, Joseph P 237

lies, Malvern \V 457

Ingersoll, James \V. D ^iSi

Inglis, Charles 113

Irving, John T no

Ives, Charles L 354

Ives, Eli [g,

Jackson, Charles 173

Jackson, Charles L 174

Jackson, James 321

Jackson, Jonathan 175

Jacobi, Abraham 316

Jaggar, Thomas A. Jr 175

James, William 177

Janeway, Jacob J 342

Jarvis, Samuel F 262

Jay, John C 263

Jay, John ,,i

Jay, John ,,^

Jay, Peter A 264

Jeffries, Benjamin J 2S5

Jenks, William 177

Jessup, Morris K rSq

Johns, John ^^^

Johnson, Charles W. S. ... qSg

Johnson, Lewis J J78

Johnson, Samuel ur

Johnson, Woolsey ^26

Johnson, William S ,16

Jones, David S 264

Jones, George -,r(,

Jones, John ^gr

Joy, Charles A 266

Julien, Ale.\is A 263

Keayne, Robert 17S

Keener, William A cSo

Kemp, James F 265

Kemp, John ^jg

Kent, Albert E rgg

Kent, James [[7

Kent, William 321

Keyes, Henry E 267

King, Charles nS

King, Rufus 202

Kingsley, James L iSt

Kinney, William B 344

Kinsey, John ,30

Kirkland, John T ig

Kirkpatrick, .Andrew .... 192

Kissam, Richard S 20^

PACK

Kneeland, .Sanmel 285

Knight, Jonathan 184

Kno.\, John 401

Koehler, Sylvester R 214

Kollock, Henry 82

Kreider, D. Albert 416

Kroeber, Alfred L 401

Kunze, Johann C 266

Ladd, George T 3C4

Lamb, Chauncey .S ^63

Lamson, Alvan 408

Lampson, William 246

Lane, William C 2S6

Lang, Harry R 591

Langdell, Christopher C. ... 371

Langdon, Samuel 16

Lanman, Charles R 404

Langstroth, Lorenzo L 182

Larned, Joseph C;. E cqo

Lamed, William A 417

Lathrop, James G 372

Lathrop, John H 185

Lathrop, John 322

Laughlin, James L 527

Lawrence, Abbott 17

Lawrence, Eugene 267

Learning, Edward 482

Lee, Andrew 391

Lee, Frederick S 581

Lehman, Rudolph C 528

Leno.v, Robert 553

Leonard, Henry F 372

Leverett, John 21

Lewis, Edwin S 82

Lewis, Zachariah 44S

Leydt, John igi

L'llommedieu, Ezra 268

Libbey, William 192

Lieber, Francis 26S

Lincoln, Albert L 405

Lincoln, Solomon 3S3

Lindsley, Philip 344

Lispenard, Leonard 270

Little, Robbins 185

Littlejohn, A. N 484

Livingood, Louis E 474

Livingston, Brockholst .... 119

Livingston, Edward 120

Livingston, John H 204

Livingston, Peter Van Ij. . . . S3

Livingston, Philip 183

Livingston, Robert R 203

Livingston, Walter 205

Locke, George H 40S

Locke, Samuel 17

Loiseau.\, Louis A 269

Longfellow, Henry W iS

Lord, Benjamin 44S

Loriiig, Charles G 215

Lothrop, John 225

Lothrop, Samuel K 215

Love, James 1 czz

Lovering, Joseph 216

PACK

Low, Seth ,_,

Lowell, Charles 218

Lowell, James Ru.ssell .... 217

Lunt, William P ,18

Luquiens, Jean J. A 249

Lyman, Joseph jgc

Lyman, Theodore 495

Mabery, Charles F 324

MacDowell, Edward 270

Mackay-Smith, Alexander • • . 583

Maclean, John 84

Macloskies, George ..... 83

MacVannel, John 361

Madison, James 507

Magie, David gc

Magie, William K 87

Magie, William J 340

Manning, John M 220

Manning, William 302

Mark, Edward I, C26

Marks, Lionel S 588

Martin, Chalmers 549

Martin, Luther 85

Mason, Charles F 302

Mason, John ....... 193

Mason, John M ug

Mather, Cotton 225

Mather, Increase 20

Mather, Maurice W 373

Mather, Moses 449

Mather, Samuel 61

Matile, George A 5^2

Matthews, Brander 576

Matthews, James M 206

Mayo-Smith, Richmond . . . ^82
McClintock, William E. ... 461
McClure, Charles F. W. ... 554

McCosh, James cci

McCurdy, Charles J 24S

Mcllvaine, J. H ^^2

McKean, Joseph 219

McKenzie, Alexander .... 526

McLane, James W 271

McLean, John 21

McMillan, Charles 342

McVickar, John 272

Meigs, Josiah 539

Mellen, John 372

Merrick, Pliny 219

Miller, Edmund H 427

Miller, Samuel 308

Miner, Alonzo Ames 297

Minto, Walter 50C)

Mitchel, Jonathan 220

Mitchell, William 220

Mixter, Samuel J 462

Moffat, James C 550

Monroe, Elbert B 24S

Monis, Judah 226

Monti, Luigi 595

Moody, Joshua 323

Moody, Robert 0 306

INDEX

(us

CAGE

Moore, Benjamin ui

Moore, Clement C 55S

Moore, John h jg,S

Moore, Nathaniel F 123

Morgan, f. Livingston 1\. . . . 362

Morgan, John P 607

Morgan, Junius S 563

Morgan, Morris II 374

Morison, John 11 496

Morison, Robert S 5SS

Morse, Edward S 298

Morton, Charles 227

Morton, Marcus 227

Moses, Alfred J 272

Munroe, Charles E 179

Munson, Eneas 250

Miinsterberg, Hugo 375

Murray, James O ,S6

Nancrede, Paul J. G 29S

Neale, Rollin H 374

Neill, William 509

Nelson, Charles A 5S3

Newberry, John S 610

Newton, Hubert A 564

Nichols, Ichabod 323

Nichols, William W 417

Niemeyer, John II 500

Noble, Herbert 515

Norris, Charles 456

Norton, Andrews 2S6

Norton, John P [54 [

Norton, William A 542

Nowell, Samuel 29S

Noyes, George R 324

Noyes, James 184

Nuttall, Thomas 2S7

Oakes, Urian 22

Odell, George CD 428

Oertel, Hanns 570

Ogden, Aaron 510

Ogilvie, John 121

Oliver, Fitch E 406

Oliver, James E 375

Olmstead, Denison 501

Ormond, Alexander T 510

Ortmann, Arnold E 476

Osborne, Edwin C 87

Osborne, Oliver T 46S

Osgood, Herbert L 559

Osgood, William F 374

Otis, Fessenden N 577

Otis, Harrison G 332

Ozanne, Charles E 438

Packard, Hezekiah 2S9

Packard, Lewis R 541

Packard, William A 88

Page, Curtis H 516

Paine, John K 325

Paine, Robert Treat 221

Palache, Charles 376

PAGR

Palfrey, John (i 326

Palmer. Arthur II juS

Palmer, (icOrge II 377

Parker, Charles P 527

Parker, George II 527

Parker, Herschell C 517

Parker, Horatio W 419

Parker, Isaac 327

Parker, Joel 326

Parker, Theodore 2SS

Parkman, Francis 529

Parkman, George 327

Parrott, Thomas M 194

Parsons, Theophilus 32S

Paterson, Williani 194

Patton, Francis 1 1571

Paxton, William M 573

Peabody, Andrew P 290

Peabody, (Jeorge 21

Peabody, George L 205

Pearson, Eliphalet 350

Peck, Harry I' 360

Peck, Robert E 501

Peck, Tracy 502

Peck, Williani G 560

Peck, William L) 329

Peirce, Benjamin 443

Peirce, Benjamin 22S

Pelhani, Herbert 331

Pemberton, Eben 23

Pemberton, Kbenezer .... 87
Pennington, .Samuel II ... . 572

Perit, Pelatiah 502

Perkins, Charles C 229

Perrin, Bernadotte 237

Perry, Bliss 89

Perry, Edward I) 608

Pettee, William H 2S7

Pfister, Joseph C 487

Phelps, William W 50

Phillips, John 376

Phillips, Stephen C 43S

Phillips, William 597

Philipse, Frederick 560

Pickering, Edward C 329

Pickering, John 330

Pickering, William II 588

Pierce, Benjamin 228

Pierce, Benjamin U jgS

Pierce, Henry L 605

Pierpont, James 31

Pierson, Abraham 52

Pierson, Charles W 542

Pierson, John 47S

Pine, John B 577

Pirsson, Louis V 466

Platncr, J. Winlhrop 331

Porter, Charles B. 3S4

Porter, Noah 35

Potter, Williani H 408

Prentice, Samuel () 543

Priest, George M 477

PACK

PriuMun, T. Mitchell ... .362

Puln.mi, Frederic W 377

Putnam, James Jackson .... 379

Quackenbos, George P cSc

yu.-ickenbos, John I) 5S6

Ouincy, Henry P 530

Quincy, Josiah 23

Ralston, Robert 553

Rand, Benjamin 529

Randall, John W 221

Rankin, Waller M 239

Keed, Edward B 503

Reed, Joseph 477

Reeve, Tapping 88

Rcnwick, James 273

Rice, Chauncey B 418

Rice, John H 199

Richards, Charles B 355

Richards, James 552

Richardson, Ernest C 194

Richardson, Oliver H 449

Ringwalt, Ralph C 429

Ritzema, Johannes 60S

Robbins, Eilmund V 240

Robinson, Charles A 343

Robinson, James J 544

Rockwood, Charles G. Jr. . . . 195

Rodgers, John 90

Rogers, John ....... 24

Romeyn, J. B 554

Rood, Ogden N 363

Rotch, A. Lawrence 379

Rotch, Arthur 24

Royall, Isaac 25

Royce, Josiah .... . . 597

Russell, Noadiah ... -54

Russell, Thomas H jfjj

Russell, Talcott II 545

Russell, \\'illiam G 439

Rutgers, Henry 511

Sage, Henry W . 250

Salisbury, Stephen 531

Saltonstall, Gurdon 55

Saltonstall, Leverett 439

Sanders, Frank K 565

.Sargent, Dudley .\ 299

Schanck, John S 154

Schiff, Jacob H 222

Schmidt, Henry 1 275

Schofield, William 406

Schwab, John C 545

Scott, William B 90

Scudder, Nathaniel 478

Searle, Arthur 534

Scligman, lulwin R. A 484

Sharpies, Ste|)hen P 441

Shattuck, Frederick C 604

Shaw, Lemuel 531

Sheffield, Joseph I'. 54

Shepherd, Williani R 430

6i6

UNIl'ERSiriES AND THEIR SONS

PAGE

Sherman, Frank D 5S0

Sherman, Henry C 364

Shields, Charles W 91

Shippen, Edward 240

Shippen, William 511

Slack, Elijah 557

Sloan, Thomas C 250

Sloane, William M 4S7

Smith, Charles II 567

Smith, Caleb 91

Smith, Eugene H 495

Smith, Herbert S. S 93

Smith, Isaac 550

Smith, Jonathan B 554

Smith, J. Sumner 467

Smith, Munroe 399

Smith, Percy F. 469

Smith, Robert 346

Smith, Roy C 600

Smith. Samuel 93

Smith, Sidney 1 543

Smith, William 92

Smith, William P 93

Sneath, E. Hershey 569

Southard, Samuel L 555

Sparks, Jared 24

Spencer, Elihu 556

Speranza, Carlo L 4S6

Sprague, Henry H 463

Staples, Seth P 55

Stearns, Jonathan F 346

Stevens, George B 592

Stewart, George B 47S

Stiles, Ezra 56

Stockton, Richard 345

Stockton, Richard 479

Stoeckel, Gustav J 56S

Stone, Arthur K 462

Storer, David H 463

Storer, Francis H 605

Story, Joseph 26

Stoughton, William 28

Street, Augustus R 57

Struthers, Joseph 364

Stuart, Robert L 513

TAGE

Sumner, Charles 532

Sumner, William G 470

Swain, Henry L 469

Taft, Charles H 496

Taylor, Robert L 570

Tennent, Gilbert 95

Tennent, William 94

Tennent, William Jr 94

Terry, Charles T 51S

Thayer, Nathaniel 27

Thomas, Calvin 5S7

Thompson, Henry D 97

Ticknor, George 289

Todd, Henry A 430

Torrey, John 400

Toy, Crawford II 603

Troostwyck, Isidor 593

Trowbridge, William P. ... 431

Tucker, Ervin A 516

Tucker, William J 591

Tuckerman, Bayard 346

Turner, Daniel L 595

Tuttle, Charles W 536

Tyler, John Eugene 606

Underwood, Lucien M 456

Van Amringe, John Howard . . 5S0

Vanderbilt, William H 122

Vandewater, George R 433

Van Dyke, Henry N 99

Van Rensselaer, Cortlandt . . 555

Varick, Richard 123

Verplanck, Gulian 126

Verplanck, Gulian C 125

Vreeland, Williamson U. . . . 96

Wade, Herbert T 432

Wadsworth, Benjamin .... 28

Wadsworth, Oliver F 603

Wainwright, Jonathan M. . . . 124

Walker, James 29

Walton, George L 533

Wambaugh, Eugene 6ot

Warren, Henry C 197

PAGE

Warren, Herbert L 602

Wateihouse, Benjamin .... 29

Webb, Joseph 57

W'ebber, Samuel 38

Webster, Daniel 535

Weil, Robert 55S

Weir, John F 593

Weir, Robert F 518

Weld, William F 407

Weld, William F 409

Welling, James C 556

Wcscott, John H 197

Westlund, Jacob 594

Wharton, Charles H 125

Whelpley, Edward W 512

White, Andrew J 307

White, Theodore G 490

Wiener, Leo 599

Willard, Joseph 30

Willard, Samuel 31

Williams, Elisha 57

Williams, Henry W 33

Willson, Frederick N 19S

Wilson, Albert H 254

Wilson, Woodrow 97

Winchester, Oliver F 251

Winsor, Justin 301

Winthrop, Gov. John .... 31

Winthrop, Prof. John .... 32

Winthrop, Robert C 441

Witherspoon, John 95

Wood, Silas 242

Woodbridge, Timothy .... 58

Woodhull, John 479

Woodward, Robert S 488

Woolsey, Theodore Dwight . . 59

Woolson, Ira H 519

Wright, Carroll D 442

Wright, James II 601

AN'yckoff, Walter A 98

Vale, Elihu 60

Yohannan, Abraham 458

Voung, Charles A 240

Young, John C 242

I'NIVERSITY OF C.

EducatioD

Library

C35u
V.2

UCLA-ED/PSYCH Library

* LA 225 C35u v.2

L 005 586 120 7

Internet Archive Audio

Featured

Top

Images

Featured

Top

Software

Featured

Top

Books

Featured

Top

Video

Featured

Top

Mobile Apps

Browser Extensions

Archive-It Subscription

Save Page Now

Full text of "Universities and their sons; history, influence and characteristics of American universities, with biographical sketches and portraits of alumni and recipients of honorary degrees"

See other formats