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THE 

UNIVERSITY   OF  TORONTO 
MONTHLY. 


VOLUMES  I,  II,  and 


I9OO-I9O3 


u 


CO/ 


CONTENTS. 


A. 

v.     <•. 

Abel  Centenary,  The,  by  J.  C. 

Fields,  B.A.,  Ph.D III.  181 

Ad  Divam  Nicotinam,  by  R.  J. 

Bonner,    B. A III.  156 

Alma  Mater,  The  Halls  of 
(poem),  by  J.  Cleland  Ham- 
ilton, M.A.,  LL.D I.  305 

Alumnae  Assoiation,  The,  of 
University  College,  by  Miss 
B.  M.  Lawson,  B.A I.  27S 

Art  Element  in  Education,  The, 

by  M.  F.  Libby,  B.A I.     73 

Art   Impulse,   The,    by   Arnold 

Haultain,    M.A III.  191 

Athletics,  The  Year  in,  by  T. 
A.  Russell,  B.A I.  19 


B. 


Biological  Museum,  On  Recent 
Additions  to  the  University, 
by  R.  Ramsay  Wright,  M.A., 
B.Sc.,  LL.D.  I.  58,  91,  116 

Biological  Station  of  Canada, 
The  Marine,  by  R.  Ramsay 
Wright,  ,M.A.,  B.Sc.,  LL.D.. III.  34 

Bird  Life,  by  T.  Otway  Page, 
B.A II.  208 

Bond  Phi  Sigma,  The,  by  A.  B. 
Aylesworth,  B.A.,  K.C I.  157 

Business  or  a  Profession  for 
the  Graduate,  by  Gordon 
Waldron,  B.A II.  101 


C. 


Chancellor's    Address,     by     Sir 

William  R.  Meredith III.  277 

Chemical  Progress,  A  Century 

of,  by  W.  R.  Lang,  D.Sc.,.1.  169,  191 
Christmas  Hymn,  A,  by  Mau- 
rice Hutton,  M.A III.     78 

Convocation  Day  I.  18,  37,  38, 

277.  II.  253,  304 III.  307 

Hall,  The  Proposed,  by  Sir 
William    Meredith    .        .  II.  121 


v.    P. 
Hall,  The  Proposed,  by  R. 

A.  Reeve,  B.A.,  M.D I.  127 

Hall  Fund.  The.. .III.  123,  204,  256, 

313. 
Copyright,  Canadian,  by  James 

Mavor   I.  139 

Question,  The,  by  Goldwin 

Smith,  D.C.L I.  173 

Club,  The  University,  by  James 

H.   Coyne,   B.A I.     79 


D. 


Dickey,  The  Late  Honourable 
A.  R.,  B.A.,  Q.C.,  by  F.  T. 
Shutt,  B.A I.  56 

Domestic  Science  in  the  Uni- 
versity, by  Edith  M.  Curzon, 
B.A.  .  II.  159 


E. 


Education  in  Ontario,  The  Ori-  ^ 

gin  of  Technical,  by  James  \ 

London,    LL.D I.  148  '• 

Education  of  the  Engineer, 
The  Function  of  the  School 
of  Applied  Science  in  the,  by 

John  Galbraith,  M.A I.  150 

Education,      Commercial,      by    --v^ 

James  Loudon,  LL.D....     I.  242 
for  the  Clergy,  University, 
by    The    Rev.     William 

Clarke,  LL.D I.  244 

Egyptian  Antiquities  Recently 
Presented  to  Victoria  Univer- 
sity, by  E.  M.  J.  Burwash, 

M.A III.     81 

Epigram  after  Phocylides,  by 
Maurice  Hutton,  ,M.A II.  233 


F. 


Faculty,    Receipt    Changes    in 

the  I.  53.     II.  54,  264 

The  Medical,  Class  of  '95, 
by  T.  W.  G.  McKay, 
M.B.,  M.D I.  130 


IV 


G. 

v.    P.  / 
Garden  Party,   The,   by  Edith  / 

M.  Curzon,  B.A I.  301 

By  Miss  Laudon  Wright, 

B.A II.  257 

Gifts:   A  Flag:   Two  Guns,  by 

G.  H.  Needier,  Ph.D I.     67 

Greek  Play,  A,  by  Miss  L.  M. 

Hamilton  B.A I.     30 

Greek  and  Latin  Translation 
into  Verse,  by  Maurice  Hut- 
ton,  M.A II.  155 


H. 


Hall,  The  jMemorial,  by  R.  A. 
Reeve,  B.A.,  M.D L  127 

Hellenism,  by  Maurice  Hutton, 

M.A II.  183 

"  History,    Prophecy    and    the 
Monuments,"  Review  of  Dr. 
McCurdy's    recent    book    by 
John   E.    McFadyen,   M.A., 
B.A.  (Oxon.)    II.     67 

Huxley  and  Tyndall  and  the 
University  of  Toronto,  by  A. 
B.  Macallum,  B.A.,  M.B., 
Ph.D.  .  .  II.  69 


I. 


Indian  Service,  In  the,  by  T.  L. 
Walker,  M.A.,  Ph.D III.     79 


J. 


John    Gilpin,     Alderman    and 
Equestrian,  by  John  McCrae, 

B.A.,   M.B III.  125 

Johns      Hopkins       University 
Celebration,   The,   by   A.    B. 
Macallum,   B.A.,   M.B.,  Ph.D.  II.  176 
Journalism,    by    H.    Franklin 

Gadsby,    B.A III.     74 

Another   View,    by   Archi- 
bald   MacMechan,    B.A., 

Ph.D III.     95 

Jubilee,    R.    Ramsay    Wright, 

M.A.,  B.Sc.,  LL.D I.     70 


K. 


King  and  The  University,  The, 

by  J.  A.  Cooper,  B.A.,  LL.B.  II.     11 


L. 

v.     P. 

La  Reine!  La  Reine!  by  Louis 

Frechette,    C.M.G.,    LL.D....   II.  233 

Latin  Versions,  Maurice  Hut- 
ton,  M.A III.  256 

Leroux,  La  Conference  de  M. 
Hugues,  by  M.  St.  Elme  de 
Champ,  B.  es  L II.  214 

Library  Commission,  A  Pro- 
vincial, by  H.  H.  Langton, 
B.A III.  249 

Libraries,  Public,  and  Fiction, 

by  W.  E.  Macpherson,  B.A..III.  103 

Literature,  Professor  Corson's 
Attitude  towards,  by  Arnold 
Haultain,  ,M.A II.  211 

Local  Lectures   I.  29,  99 

Louanges  de  Philistie,  Les,  by 

Maurice  Hutton,  M.A III.     41 

M. 
Matriculants,  Average  Ages  of, 

by  John  Idington,  LL.B I.  179 

Medical  Building,  The  new,  by 
J.     J.     McKenzie,     B.A., 

M.B II.  122,  216,  217,  221 

By  A.  B.  Macallum,  B.A., 

M.B.,  Ph.D III.  123 

Faculty,  Class  of  '95,  by  T. 

W.   G.    McKay    I.  130 

Medicine  and  the  Universities, 

by  Lewellys  F.  Barker,  M.B..III.  134 
Mineralogy,        Geology        and 
Chemistry,  New  Building  for 

II.  218,  221 

Monroe    Doctrine    Once   More, 
The,  by  J.  McGregor  Young, 

B.^ III.     14 

Music  in  the  University  by  F. 

H.  Torrington,  Mus.  Doc III.  131 

Music,  Local  Examinations  in, 

by  George  Dickson,  M.A.   ...  II.  157 
Mystery   of   the   Medals,   The, 
by  J.  H.  Richardson,  M.D...  II.  130 


N. 


New  York  Alumnae  III.  261 

New  York  Alumni  Banquet. .  .III.  171 


O. 


Odyssey,  The  Representation 
of  Scenes  from  the,  by 
Maurice  Hutton,  M.A I.  90 

Of  Games,  by  Arnold  Haultain, 

M.A I.  112 

Of  Mirth,  by  Arnold  Haultain, 

M.A.  I.  241 


V.      P. 

Ontario     Agricultural     College, 

The,  by  C.  C.  James,  M.A.  ...III.  297 


P. 


Physicial  Training  at  the  Uni- 
versity, by  H.  J.  Crawford, 
B.A I.  200 

Poetry,  The  Beginnings  of,  by 
W.  J.  Alexander,  Ph.D II.  36 

Popular  Government,  by  W.  D. 

Lesueur,  LL.D I.  229,  257 

Psychology,  Experimental,  in 
the  Laboratory  in  Toronto, 
by  A.  H.  Abbott,  B.A I.  85,  106 

Presidents,  Model,  by  Goldwin 

Smith,  D.C.L.,  LL.D I.  97 


R. 


Relic,  An  Interesting,  by  W.  H. 

Fraser,  ,M.A I.  119 

Religious  Life  at  the  Univer- 
sity, by  F.  H.  Wallace,  M.A., 
D.D III.  100 

Reminiscence,  A  Legal,  by  S. 

G.  Wood,  LL.B II.  19 

Research  Work  as  a  Training 
for  Technical  Chemists,  The 
Value  of  (Symposium),  Opin- 
ions of  F.  B.  Kenrick,  M.A., 
Ph.D.,  J.  M.  Francis,  M.D., 
Harold  Van  Der  Linde,  A. 
McGill  B.A.,  Edgar  B.  Ken- 
rick,  B.A.,  W.  Hodgson  Ellis, 
M.A.,  M.B III.  159 

Residence  for  Women  Students 

Victoria  College II.  219,  221 

Rhodes'  Scholarships  (Sympos- 
ium), Opinions  of  James 
Loudon,  M.A.,  LL.D.,  Maurice 
Hutton,  M.A.,  A.  H.  F.  Le- 
froy,  M.A.,  A.  B.  Macallum, 
B.A.,  M.B.,  Ph.D.,  H.  P.  Big- 
gar,  B.A.,  B.Litt,  N.  W. 
Hoyles,  M.A.,  K.C.,  Goldwin 
Smith,  D.C.L.,  LL.D III.  5 

Romance  Languages,  The 
Study  of  the,  by  F.  J.  A. 
Davidson,  M.A.,  Ph.D III.  156 


S. 


Sartor  Resartus.  by  W.  J.  Alex- 
ander, B.A.,  Ph.D III.  149,195 

Scholarships,  Year,  by  F.  F. 
Manley,  M.A I.  277 


v.     p. 
Scholarship,   The   Flavelle,   by 

Maurice   Hutton,    M.A...     I.     25 
Alumni    Research,    by    R. 

A.  Reeve,  B. A.,  M.B I.     66 

School  of  Practical  Science, 
Value  of  the  Graduates 
of  the,  to  the  Mining 

Industry I.     26 

Progress    of    the    Ontario, 
by    J.    Galbraith,    M.A., 

LL.D I.     95 

School  and  University  Reform, 

by  James  Loudon,  LL.D I.     41 

Science  Building,  The  New 
(Symposium),  Opinions 
of  James  Loudon,  LL.D., 
James  Mills,  LL.D., 

James   Bain    II.    32 

By  J.  T.  Coleman,  M.A...  II.     55 
Shakespeare,  Open  Air,   Pelham 

Edgar,  Ph.D Ill  287 

Shelley   and   Keats   as   Nature 
Poets,     by     Pelham     Edgar, 

Ph.D. II.     36 

Societies,  Undergraduate  I.  121 


T. 


Text  Books,  Authorization  of, 
by  W.  J.  Robertson,  B.A., 
LL.B III.  244 

Torontonensia.,1.  39,  71,  103, 

132,  161,  188,  226,  250,  279,  307 

II.  22,     46,     77,     105,     136, 

165,  192,  220,  264 

III.  21,     55,     85,     113,     141, 

170,  224.  259,  319 
Tragedy,  What  is  a,  by  W.  S. 
,Milner,  M.A II.  124 


U. 


University  of  Toronto  Alumni 
Association,  First  An- 
nual Dinner,  by  G.  W. 
Ross,  B.A.,  M.B I.  9 

Second  Annual  Dinner,  by 

Geo.  Wilkie,  B.A I.  302 

Third  Annual  Dinner,  by 
F.  F.  Manley,  B.A II.  257 

Fourth  Annual  Dinner,  by 

H.  J.  Crawford,  B.A III.  304 

Annual  Meetings  of  the 

I.  24,  294,  II.  257.  Til.  289 

General  Meetings  of  the. I.  2,  122 

After  the  First  Annual 
Dinner,  by  Edith  M. 
Curzon,  B.A I-  22 


VI 


V.       J>. 

Deputation   of   the,   by   J. 

C.  McLennan,  fh.D I.  203 

Local  Branches: 

Alberta    III.  225 

Brant II.  166,  194.    III.  261 

British  Columbia   ..I.  70,    III.  261 

Elgin    I.  124,  II.  166 

Frontenac    III.     59 

Grey    and    Bruce    I.  182 

Hastings    II.  220 

Huron    I.  183 

Kent II.  86,  194 

Lennox   and   Addington...   II.  221 

Lincoln    II.  221 

Middlesex II.  221 

(Montreal III.  171,  234 

New    York    III.  118,  171 

Ottawa I.  5,  69,  125,  II.  222 

Oxford   ...III.  172 

Perth    I.  70,  126 

Peterborough II.  223,  III.  228 

Prince  Edward II.  224 

Simcoe   II.  225 

Victoria I.  160,  184 

Waterloo    I.   185,  III.  226 

Wellington    I.   102,   II.  139 

Wentworth   . .   I.  159,  185,  III.  228 
General  Association,  Spec- 
ial Meeting   I.  122 

University  Act,   1901,   The,    by 

John  A.  Paterson,  M.A..     I.  268 
An    Oriental,    by    William 

Mortimer    Clark,    K.C...     1.291 
and     College,     by     J.     R. 

Teefy,    M.A I.     27 

and   Public   Opinion,    The, 

by  Gordon  Waldron,  B.A.III.     73 
and    State    Aid,    The,    by 

James    Loudon,    LL.D. .  .     I.  135 
and  State  Aid,  by  Sir  Wil- 
liam Meredith    I.  285 

Early  Days  of  the,  by  W. 
F.  A.  Boys,  LL.B.  (Sup- 
plement)   II.  No.  3 

Endowments  in  the  United 
States,  by  Thomas 

Hodgins,  M.A II       6 

in  Relation  to  Research, 
The,  by  James  Loudon, 

LL.D II.  234 

Library,  Periodicals  in  the, 

by  H.  H.  Langton,  B.A. .     I.     57 
Question,      Forestry      and 
the,    by   James    Loudon, 

LL.D III.  177 

Question  to  be  Reopened. 
Is  the,  by  Rev.  N.  Bur- 
wash,  S.T.D.,  LL.D III.  239 


v.     P. 

Starvation,  by  H.  R.  Fair- 
clough,  M.A.,  Ph.D 1.146 

Alumni,  Geographical  Dis- 
tribution of  the  I.  182 

University  of  Toronto,  Changes 
and  Progress,  by  James 
Loudon,  LL.D I.  6 

Studies,  by  H.  H.  Langton, 

B.A I.     32 

the  Future  (Symposium), 
Opinions  of  Chancellor 
Burwash,  Principal  Cav- 
an,  Mr.  Goldwin  Smith, 
Provost  Street  Macklem  I.  33 
University,  the  Needs  of  the, 
by  N.  Burwash,  S.T.D.. 
LL.D I.  82 

the  Needs  of  the,  by  S.  F. 
McLennan,  B.A I.  165 

Progress  of  the,  1890-1900, 
by  the  Chancellor,  Sir 
William  Meredith  I.  12 

The  relation  of  the,  to  In- 
dustrial Development, 
by  P.  H.  Bryce,  M.A., 
M.D = II.  150 

Training  as  a  Preparation 
for  the  Legal  Profession, 
by  A.  H.  F.  Lefroy,  ,M.A.  I.  263 

Training  for  the  Medical 
Profession,  A,  by  1.  H. 
Cameron,  M.B.,  F.R.C.S. 
(Eng.)  II.  92 

Young  Men's  Christian  As- 
sociation, by  Mrs.  A. 

McPhedran    I.  248 

Usage  Needing  Reform,  An 
Inherited,  by  J.  Playfair 
McMurrich,  M.A.,  M.D.,  Ph.D.III.  39 


V. 


Versions  in  Greek  and  Latin, 
by  Maurice  Hutton,  M.A. . . 

II.  155,  233,  III.  78,  256 

Virchow,  by  J.  J.  Mackenzie, 

B.A.,  M.B III.  41 

Visit,  The  Royal,  by  R.  Ram- 
say Wright,  M.A II.  14 

W. 

West,  Some  Impressions  of 
the,  by  S.  Morley  Wickett, 
B.A.,  Ph.D III.  127 

Wundt's  Jubilee,  Professor,  by 
A.  Kirschmann,  M.A.,  Ph.D.. III.  39> 


Vll 


Z. 

V.      P. 

Zeta  Psi  at  Toronto,  by  C.  A. 

Moss,  B.A I.  174 

Zola,  Emil,  by  J.  Home  Cam- 
eron, M.A III.  103 

BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 

Aikms.  W.  T.,  M.D.,  LL.D.,  by 

F.  N.  G.  Starr,  M.B II.  173 

taldwin,   The    late   Robert III.     27 

Beaven,  The  Rev.  James,  D.D., 
M.A.,  by  John  Campbell, 
LL.D.,  F.R.S.C III.  69 

Bell,  James  Washington   III.  260 

Chapman,  E.  J.,  Ph.D.,  LL.D., 
by  W.  Hodgson  Ellis,  M.A., 
M.B II.  229 

€onnor,  J.  W.,  B.A II.  106 

Croft.  Henry  Holmes,  D.C.L., 
by  W.  Hodgson  Ellis,  M.A., 
M.B. II.  29 

DicKey,  The  late  Hon.  Arthur 

Rupert,  B.A.,  Q.C I.     56 

Forneri,  James,  LL.D.,  by  Wm. 

Oldwright,  M.A.,  M.D II.  201 

Hincks,    The    Rev.    Wm.,    M.A.. 
by   C.    R.    W.    Biggar.    M.A., 
K.C II.  232 

Koenig.     Rudolph,    by    James 

Loudon,  LL.D.    .<. I.     41 

McCaul,  The  Rev.  John,  LL.D., 

by  William  Wedd,  ,M.A II.       2 


v.     P. 
McLeod.  The  Late  Rev.  A.  J., 

B.A.,  by  A.  H.  Young,  M.A.     I.  180 

•  Nelles,    The    Rev.    Samuel    S., 

D.D.,  by  Alfred  Reynar,  M.A.  II.  146 
Nicholson,  H.   A.,  D.Sc.,  M.D.. 
by  W.  Hodgson  Ellis,  M.A., 

M.B III.       1 

Paris,  Gascon,  by  J.  JSquair,  B  A; 

and  J.  Home  Cameron,  M.A.  III.  269 
275. 
Pike,  W.   H.,   M.A.,   Ph.D.,   by 

J.  A.  Cooper,  B.A.,  LL.B....III.  124 
Richey,    Rev.    Matthew,    D.D.. 
by  J.  Macdonald  Oxley,  B.A., 
LL.D.,    and    Rev.     N.     Bur- 
wash,   S.T.D.,   LL.D III.  237 

Russell,  The  late  Norman  H..III.     59 

Spencer,  The  late  Bertram III.     59 

Stratton,  The  late  A.  W III.     £8 

Wedd,    Wm.,    M.A.,    by    A.  H. 
Young,  ,M.A I.  114 

•  Wilson,   Sir   Daniel,   by  H.   R. 

Fairclough,  M.A.,  Ph.D..  II.  118 
as   an   Artist,   by    W.     A. 

Langton II.  180 

Wilson,  John,  M.A.,  LL.D.,  by 

A.  H.  Reynar,  M.A.,  LL.D... III.     31 
Wright,  H.  H.,  M.D.,  by  Uzziel 

Ogden,  M.D II.     8<) 

'  Young,    George  Paxton,   by   J. 

McD.  Duncan,  B.A..  B.D.  II.     60 
in  the  Lecture  Room,   by 
W.  H.  Blake,  B.A II.     63 


HENRY  ALLEYNE  NICHOLSON,  D.  SC.,  M.D. 

PROFESSOR  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY,  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO 

1871-1874 


THE 


UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 


VOL.  III. 


OCTOBER,  1902. 


No.  1. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


PAGE 

Henry  Alleyne  Nicholson,  D.Sc.,  M.D. 

By  W.   Hodgson   Ellis,   M.A.,   M.B.     1 
Rhodes'  Scholarships — Symposium  :          5 

James  London,  M.A.,  LL.D. 

Maurice  Hutton,  M.A. 

A.  H.  F.  Lefroy,  M.A. 

A.  B.  Macallion,  M.A.,  M.B  ,  Ph.D. 

H.  P.   Bit/y'ar,  B.A.,  R.  Lift. 

AT.  W.  Hoylcs,  M.A.,  K.C. 

Gold  fin  Smith,  JD.C.L. 
The  Monroe  Doctrine  Once  More,  By 

McGregor  Young  B.A.       -  "    14 

Torontouensia  ...          21 


PAGE 
22 

-22 
23 

-  25 


Recent  Faculty  Publications  - 
Professor  Chapman's  Verse 
Reminiscences  of  1859 
Graduates  in  Arts,  1884 

"       of  The  School  of  Practical 
Science,  1899  26 

Graduates  in  Medicine,  addresses 

unknown  -         -          27 

The  late  Robert  Baldwin        -          27 

"        A.  W.  Stratton        -          28 

Personals 28 

Marriages          -        ...         -          29 
Deaths 30 


HENBY  ALLEYNE  NICHOLSON. 

BY  W.  HODGSON  ELLIS,  M.A.,  M.B., 
Professor  of  Applied  Chemistry,  University  of  Toronto. 

WHEN  Professor  Nicholson  came  to  take  possession  of  the  chair 
in  Natural  History  in  the  University  of  Toronto,  rendered 
vacant  by  the  death  of  Professor  Hincks,  in  1871,  he  was  twenty- 
seven  years  of  age,  a  tawny  bearded  Cumberland  cragsman, 
keen  of  eye  and  tireless  of  foot,  but  he  had  already  made  a  name  for 
himself  by  his  studies  of  the  palaeontology  of  his  native  mountains, 
and  at  the  close  of  a  brilliant  university  career  at  Edinburgh,  where 
he  had  obtained  the  degrees  of  D.  Sc.  and  M.D.,  he  had  been 
appointed  extra  mural  lecturer  on  Natural  History  in^his  Alma 
Mater. 

There  he  shewed  that  grasp  of  the  broad  outlines  of  a  subject, 
those  powers  of  lucid  exposition,  and  that  wealth  of  happy  and 
forcible  illustration  that  afterwards  made  him  so  famous  as  a 
lecturei-. 

To  Toronto  he  brought  with  him  the  experience  gained  in  teach- 
ing at  Edinburgh,  and  his  success  was  assured  from  the  first.  But 


2  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

teaching  only  absorbed  a  small  part  of  his  superabundant  energy. 
In  those  days  there  was  no  biological  laboratory.  The  museum  was 
the  only  department  in  which  practical  work  in  natural  history  was 
carried  on,  and  into  museum  work  Nicholson  threw  himself  heart 
and  soul. 

His  favourite  subject  was  the  study  of  the  animals  who  had  lived 
at  the  time  of  the  deposition  of  the  older  Palaeozoic  rocks.  He  had 
i']  ready  worked  out  a  monograph  on  British  Graptolites,  which  was 
published  the  year  after  he  came  to  Toronto.  He  now  took  up  the 
study  of  the  fossil  corals,  which  occur  so  abundantly  in  North 
American  Palaeozoic  rocks.  He  induced  the  Ontario  Government 
to  set  aside  a  grant  for  the  purpose  of  studying  these  rocks  as  they 
•occur  in  this  province.  His  report  illustrated  by  his  drawings  was 
published  by  the  Government.  He  also  contributed  a  report  on 
•Corals  and  Polyzoa  to  the  "  Palaeontology  of  Ohio." 

In  1872  was  also  published  his  "Manual  of  Palaeontology,"  the 
first  of  a  number  of  text  books  from  his  pen. 

In  these  days,  to  the  jaded  teacher,  weary  from  the  perusal  of  the 
publishers'  announcements  and  advance  sheets,  that  strew  his  desk 
like  leaves  in  autumn,  to  have  written  a  text  book  may  seem  an 
achievement  of  doubtful  merit.  But  when  a  book  has  run  through 
as  many  editions  as  Nicholson's  has,  and  been  as  widely  read  on 
two  continents,  it  is  beyond  and  above  criticism.  But,  indeed, 
Nicholson's  text  books  need  fear  no  criticism.  "They  are  char- 
acterised," to  quote  from  Mr.  G.  J.  Hinde's  obituary  in  the 
Geological  Magazine,*  to  which  I  gladly  acknowledge  my  indebted- 
ness, "  by  clearness  and  perspicuity  of  style,  and  by  the  number  and 
excellence  of  the  figures  and  diagrams  with  which  they  are  illus- 
trated. The  Manual  of  Palaeontology,  in  its  final  form,  "is  the 
most  complete  general  work  on  Invertebrate  Palaeontology  in  the 
English  language." 

Nicholson,  however,  did  not  confine  his  energies  to  Palaeonto- 
logy. He  spent  some  time  in  dredging  the  bottom  of  Lake  Ontario 
and  in  investigating  the  forms  brought  up  in  this  way. 

In  1874  he  left  Toronto  intending  to  take  a  position  in  Dublin. 
Circumstances,  however,  changed  his  destination,  and  after  a  brief 
sojourn  at  Newcastle-on-Tyne,  he  accepted  the  offer  of  the  chair  of 
Natural  History  in  the  University  of  St.  AndrewT's. 

Whether  he  appreciated  what  to  many  of  us  would  be  counted 
the  peculiar  privileges  of  a  chair  in  that  ancient  seat  of  learning  is 
not  recorded.  But  the  fact  that  while  there  he  published  a  mono- 
graph "  On  the  Structure  and  Affinities  oi  the  Tabulate  Corals  of 

*  Geol.  Mag.  N.S.     Decade  IV,  Vol.  VI,  p.  138. 


HENRY  ALLEYNE  NICHOLSON  3 

the  Palaeozoic  Period,"  another  "  On  the  Structure  and  Affinities 
of  the  Genus  Monticulipora  and  its  Subgenera,"  and  another  "  On 
the  Silurian  Fossils  of,  the  Gowan  District;"  a  work  on  "The 
Ancient  Life  History  of  the  Earth;"  new  editions  of  his  text  books 
on  Zoology  and  Palaeontology,  besides  taking  an  active  part  in 
university  extension,  and  for  two  years,  during  the  illness  of  Sir 
AVyville  Thomson,  lecturing  in  his  stead  at  Edinburgh,  would  seem 
to  indicate  that  his  time  was  fully  occupied.  , 

The  geologist,  too,  has  this  advantage,  that  the  pursuit  of  his  call- 
ing affords  him  fresh  air,  exercise,  and  an  opportunity  of  contem- 
plating the  beauties  of  nature — which  are  wanting  to  those  whose 
duties  are  confined  to  the  desk  and  the  laboratory. 

•In  1882  Nicholson  left  St.  Andrew's  for  Aberdeen,  and  there  he 
remained  till  his  death  in  1899.  The  years  at  Aberdeen  were  like 
those  which  had  gone  before,  years  of  unceasing  toil  and  unceasing 
production.  His  health,  however,  in  the  last  few  years  of  his  life 
was  impaired,  partly,  perhaps,  from  continual  overwork.  His  fail- 
ing health  was  not  allowed  to  interfere  with  his-  duty  as  lecturer 
until  within  a  week  before  the  end. 

The  impression,  above  all  others,  that  Nicholson  produced  on 
those  who  were  brought  in  contact  with  him  was  one  of  life  and 
vigour  abounding.  He  seemed  to  radiate  energy.  He  had  a  keen 
sense  of  humour,  and  his  mirth  was  whole-souled  and  irresistible. 
"  I  have  never  heard  any  one  laugh  so  heartily,"  said  one  who.  met 
him  for  the  first  time  during  his  last  brief  visit  to  Canada.  He  had 
a  very  happy  family  life,  and  love  of  home  and  wife  and  child  was 
strong  in  him.  When  away  from  home  on  business  he  seemed  to 
be  continually  dominated  by  the  desire  to  return  to  his  own  fireside, 
and  no  inducement  was  sufficient  to  make  him  extend  the  period  of 
absence  a  day  longer  than  was  absolutely  needed  for  the  work  in 
hand.  "  I  will  never  go  away  from  you  again,"  was  his  greeting  to 
those  at  home  on  his  return  from  his  last  visit  to  Cant  da. 

As  to  Nicholson's  scientific  work  I  cannot  do  better  than  to  quote 
Mr.  Hinde  (loc.  cit.),  one  of  his  old  pupils  and  co-workers,  and  one 
well  qualified  to  speak  on  such  matters: — 

"  Professor  Nicholson's  researches  in  Invertebrate  Palaeontology 
were  concerned  mainly  with  Graptolites,  Corals,  Monticuliporoids 
and  Stromatoporoids.  He  first  devoted  his  energy  to  the  Grapto- 
lites, on  which  he  published  l  the  first  part  of  a  detailed  monograph 
on  the  Graptolites  of  Great  Britain,  in  which  the  history,  morpho- 
logy, the  nature  and  functions  of  the  base,  mode  of  existence, 
geological  distribution,  and  definition  of  the  various  genera  wore 
ably  treated.'  The  marvellous  abundance  and  variety  of  forms  of 


4  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

Corals  and  Monticuliporoids  in  the  Palaeozoic  rocks  of  North 
America,  induced  Nicholson  to  make  large  collections  of  them  dur- 
ing his  stay  in  North  America,  and  they  furnished  the  materials  for 
many  years  study  on  his  return.  At  the  time  when  he  began  his 
work  on  these  organisms,  the  practice  of  making  thin  sections  to 
shew  their  interior  structure  had  not  come  into  vogue;  Nicholson 
was  one  of  the  first  to  appreciate  the  advantages  of  this  method  of 
investigation,  and  with  unwearied  diligence  set  himself  to  make  thin 
slices  in  various  directions  of  all  the  forms  he  studied,  and  then 
mount  them  for  the  microscope.  The  fresh  knowledge  thu.°  obtained 
of  the  actual  anatomy  and  systematic  relations  of  the  Palaeozoic 
Corals  and  Monticuliporoids,  formed  the  basis  of  two>  elaborate 
monographs  on  these  groups,  and  gave  to  them  a  special  value  and 
interest.  The  monograph  on  the  British  Stromatoporoids  will 
probably  be  regarded  as  Nicholson's  most  important  contribution 
to  Palaeontology.  The  dubious  character  of  these  fossils  is  plainly 
indicated  by  the  various  conflicting  opinions  held  about  them  by 
many  leadng  palaeontologists,  and  even  our  author  found  it  needful 
to  abandon  his  own  earlier  views  of  their  nature.  Nothing  daunted, 
he  continued  his  researches,  and  gathering  his  materials  from  the 
Silurian  and  Devonian  rocks  of  Britain  and  North  America,  also 
from  the  Silurian  of  Esthonia,  and  the  Devonian  deposits  of  Ger- 
many, he  made  personally  more  than  a  thousand  microscopic  slides 
from  the  specimens.  The  wonderful  variety  and  beauty  of  the 
minute  structures  shewn  in  these  slides  were  represented  in  perfect 
detail  in  the  drawings,  made  by  Nicholson  himself,  which  occupied 
the  twenty-nine  quarto  plates  and  the  wood  cuts  in  the  text  of  this 
monograph.  As  the  result  of  these  extended  investigations,  Nichol- 
son was  enabled  to  shew  conclusively  that  the  Stromatoporoids  be- 
longed to  a  special  division  of  the  Hydrozoa,  a  relationship  which 
had  been  already  suspected  by  Lindstrom  and  Carter.  It  is  satis- 
factory to  know  that  the  grand  series  of  specimens  and  microscopic 
sections  made  from  them,  which  formed  the  basis  of  this  model 
monograph  on  the  Stromatoporoids  have  passed  into  the  possession 
of  the  British  Museum  (Natural  History),  Cromwell  Road,  and  we 
believe  that  the  typical  specimens  of  Nicholson's  Collection  of 
Graptolites  are  also  in  the  same  institution." 


THE  RHODES'  SCHOLARSHIPS— SYMPOSIUM  5 

THE  RHODES'  SCHOLARSHIPS— SYMPOSIUM. 

Opinions  of  James  Loudon,  M.A.,  LL.D.,  President  of  the  University  of 
Toronto;  Maurice  Hutton,  M. A.,  Oxon.,  Principal  of  University  College; 
A.  H.  F.  Lefroy,  M.A.,  Oxon.,  Professor  of  Roman  Law  and  Jurisprudence, 
University  of  Toronto;  A.  B.  Macallum,  M.  A.,  M.B.,  Ph.  D.,  Johns  Hopkins, 
Professor  of  Physiology,  University  of  Toronto;  H.  P.  Biggar,  B.A.,  B.  Litt., 
Oxon.,  formerly  Mackenzie  Fellow  in  Political  Science,  University  of  Toronto ; 
N.  VV.  Hoyles,  M.A.,  Cantab.,  K.C.,  Principal  of  the  Ontario  Law  School; 
Gold  win  Smith,  D.C.L.,  sometime  Professor  of  History  in  the  University  of 
Oxford. 

The  purpose  of  the  Rhodes'  scholarship  bequest  is  one  of  the  most 
generous  and  patriotic  in  the  history  of  educational  benefaction. 
The  vastness  of  the  scheme,  and  the  impossibility  of  forecasting  its 
actual  operation.,  will  undoubtedly  render  some  modification  neces- 
sary. The  discussion  of  modifications  will  centre  round  two  ques- 
tions:— (1)  How  may  the  selection  of  scholars  best  be  made?  (2) 
What  course  of  study  may  be  most  advantageously  prescribed  for 
those  holding  the  scholarships? 

On  both  these  points  the  draft  scheme  presents  serious  difficulties; 
the  first  one  being  the  competitive  tests  proposed.  If  the  scholars 
were  to  be  chosen  from  a  single  school,  the  "  ideal  qualified 
student"  might  possibly  be  selected  in  the  way  contemplated  by 
Mr.  Rhodes.  Since  the  selection,  however,  must  necessarily  be 
made  from  a  whole  province  or  state,  with  all  its  schools  and  univer- 
sities, it  is  obvious  that  the  test  of  scholastic  attainment  is  the  only 
one  capable  of  general  application.  The  remaining  tests  of  physical 
and  moral  qualities,  so  desirable  in  themselves,  and  to  which  Mr. 
Rhodes  assigned  seven-tenths  of  the  maximum  value,  cannot  be 
applied  in  the  definite  way  outlined  by  him,  since  there  is  no 
possible  general  standard.  A  general  satisfaction  of  the  physical 
and  moral  conditions  is  all  that  can  be  exacted  of  candidates. 

The  second  question  is  much  larger  and  much  more  important. 
What  shall  these  young  men  study  at  Oxford?  Shall  it  be  the 
ordinary  B.A.  course,  or  something  else?  It  seems  certain  that  Mr. 
Rhodes  had  the  undergraduate  course  in  view.  Is  this  plan 
desirable?  The  infusion  of  new  undergraduate  blood  might  be  good 
for  Oxford,  but  I  venture  to  say  that  the  plan  would  be  almost 
universally  condemned,  not  only  by  the  foreign  countries  con- 
cerned, but  also  by  the  colonies.  That  a  boy  at  his  formative  period 
should  be  educated  in  the  country  in  which  his  life's  work  is  to  be 
done  is  almost  a  pedagogical  axiom.  Undergraduates  of  Oxford 
are  but  boys.  Boys  from  abroad,  ranging  from  seventeen  or 
eighteen  to  twenty  or  twenty-one,  spending  three  years  as  under- 
graduates at  Oxford,  would  be  largly  unfitted  for  life  in  their  own 


6  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

country  and  not  fully  equipped  for  life  in  England.  This  one 
objection  is  insurmountable.  The  scheme  must  be  modified  in  this 
respect  or  it  will  fail  of  its  purpose. 

The  modification  should  be  in  the  direction  of  postgraduate 
courses.  The  candidates  should  already  be  of  the  average  B.A. 
standard.  They  would  then  be  three  or  four  years  older  than  under 
the  other  plan — old  enough  to  really  profit  by  the  broadening  pro- 
cess contemplated  by  Mr.  Rhodes,  and  old  enough  to  retain  their 
individuality.  Their  studies  at  Oxford  should  be  a  continuation  and 
specialization  of  their  work  as  undergraduates,  and  the  specializa- 
tion should  be  largely  of  the  nature  of!  research.  The  result  would 
be  the  production  of  ripe  scholars  and  independent  thinkers,  whose 
influence  as  leaders  of  thought,  wherever  their  lot  might  afterwards 
be  cast,  would  be  immeasurably  greater  than  that  of  ordinary  B.A. 
graduates. 

This  modification  presents  two  considerable  difficulties.  Under 
the  plan  of  undergraduate  courses  the  selection  of  scholars  would  be 
simple,  consisting  essentially  of  a  competitive  examination  suitable 
for  matriculation  at  Oxford.  Under  the  postgraduate  system  the 
test  should  be  capacity  for  research,  but  the  selection  o-f  scholars 
would  involve  very  great  difficulties  of  detail,  owing  to  the  various 
departments  of  study  represented.  The  second  difficulty,  much 
more  formidable  than  the  first,  is  the  fact  that  such  advanced  courses 
do  not  exist  at  Oxford.  But  they  can  be  provided,  and  it  will  be 
to  the  great  advantage  of  Oxford  and  the  Empire  that  they  should 
be  provided,  even  if  part  of  the  original  bequest  should  be  diverted 
to  that  object. 

I  might  conclude  these  brief  notes  by  referring  to  what  has 
struck  me  as  a  serious  defect  in  the  general  scheme,  though  the 
remedy  is  perhaps  impossible.  One  of!  the  cherished  hopes  of  Mr. 
Rhodes,  as  is  evident  from  the  preamble  to  this  bequest,  was  a  world- 
wide union  of  Teutonic,'  or  at  least  of  English-speaking,  peoples. 
This  will  be  promoted  to  some  extent  by  the  association  at  Oxford 
of  a  large  number  of  representative  young  men.  But  the  plan  is 
one-sided.  The  colonial,  the  American  or  the  German  mind  is  not 
the  only  one  requiring  cosmopolitan  enlargement,  and,  if  the  scheme 
could  permit  the  sending  of  a  certain  number  of  young  Englishmen 
to  German  and  other  universities,  to  do  so  would  promote,  as 
nothing  else  will,  the  desired  international  union  of  sentiment. 

J.  London. 

The  Rhodes'  Scholarships  are  not  concerned  with  education,  in 
the  narrow  sense  of  the  word,  so  much  as  with  character.  The 
donor  not  only  was  not  possessed  of  great  learning,,  he  was  not 


THE  RHODES'  SCHOLARSHIPS— SYMPOSIUM          7 

specially  an  admirer  of  learning  and  original  research;  his  whole- 
life  and  ambitions  set  in  the  direction  of  action  and  character. 

It  seems,  therefore,  at  first  sight,  a  little  grotesque  to  connect  the 
Cecil  Rhodes'  scholarships,  as  has  be%n  suggested,  with  original  re- 
search and  post-graduate  learning.  Moreover,  the  conditions  which: 
in  outline  he  suggested  are  not  less  conspicuous  than  his  life  for  the 
same  bias  to  character  and  action.  One  portion  only  of,  the  marks 
is  to  be  assigned  upon  the  basis  of  scholarship;  one  portion  upon  the 
basis  of  character,  as  judged  by  the  competitors'  schoolfellows;  on© 
portion  upon  the  basis  of  the  faculty  for  command,  as  judged  by 
their  masters.  The  whole  scheme  points  to  undergraduate-scholar- 
ship for  boys,  or  at  least  young  men  under  twenty-two.  Perhaps, 
however,  the  trustees  were  left  so  free  that  the  founder's  bias) 
need  not  count. 

A  second  objection  to  post-graduate  research-scholarships  presents 
itself.  Oxford  is  not  the  place  for  such  work;  at  any  rate,  it  has 
not  been  in  the  past.  But,  it  is  answered,  it  may  change  and  adapt 
itself  to  this  crying  need,  or,  this  cry,  of  the  age.  It  would  be  wiser 
first  to  enquire  whether  Oxford  has  filled  another  and  serious  need 
in  the  past,  and  whether  other  places  which  cannot  do  the  work  of 
Oxford,  have  not  been  able  hitherto  to  meet  this  need.  Even  "  to 
learn  nothing  and  forget  nothing,"  "  dead  languages  and  undying: 
prejudices,"  are  likely  to  constitute  a  more  useful  role  for  Oxford, 
especially  in  this  age,  than  forgetting  much  to  learn  a  little. 

A  third  point  of  view  is  the  political  objects  of  the  founder.  He 
intended  in  some  measure  to  knit  together  the  English-speaking- 
world,  or  even  the  Teutonic  world,  by  these  scholarships.  Is  it  likely 
to  be  best  served  by  undergraduate  or  post-graduate  scholarships? 
By  men  who  go  to  Oxford  for  a  liberal  education  in  the  first  im- 
pressionability of  youth,  or  by  mature  men  of  formed  character, 
who  go  to  pursue  some  specialised  and  narrow  study?  Once  more 
the  prima  facie  case  seems  wholly  in  favor  of:  undergraduate- 
scholarships  to  be  held  by  students  taking  the  ordinary  Oxford 
"greats  "  or  "  Modern  History,"  or  similar  school.  These  men  will 
feel  Oxford  for  good  (and  for  evil).  The  mature  postgraduate 
specialist  will  become,  as  Professor  John  Campbell  recently  re- 
marked to  me,  a  citizen  of  the  world,  not  of  the  Empire;  he  will  get 
chiefly  that  which  he  could  have  got  as  easily  elsewhere;  he  will 
get  little  of  the  tone  and  atmosphere  of  the  place,  little  of  that 
which  has  hitherto  been  its  tower  of  defence  and  the  sufficient  cloke 
for  its  many  deficiencies  in  other  and  narrower  directions. 

Dr.  Jordan  has  suggested  that  the  life  in  Oxford  will  injure  the- 
Canadian  and  Colonial  student,  habituated  to  simpler  conditions, 
accustomed  to  be  much  more  practical  and  handy,  if  less  studious,. 


.'8  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

1;han  the  Englishman,  apt  to  know  life  as  it  actually  is  more  in- 
timately, and  to  live  less  in  dreams  and  Utopias  and  cloistered  oases; 
the  sort  of  men,  in  short,  wl^p  have  made  the  successes  of  colonial 
troops  in  South  Africa  and  accentuated  the  deficiencies  of  the 
British  officer.  This  seems  extremely  likely,  but  it  is  also  likely 
that  the  Canadian  and  American  and  Australian  student  will  do 
much  to  popularise  in  Oxford  a  handiness  and  practical  efficiency 
which  the  habits  of  the  place,  and  not  the  nature  certainly  of  the 
English  mind,  have  hitherto  discouraged.  If  so,  they  will  confer 
good  in  exchange  for  what  they  receive;  and  in  the  next  South 
lAf  rican  campaign  we  shall  not  hear  so  much  either  of  British  incom- 
petence as  contrasted  with  colonial  resourcefulness,  not  yet  so 
much  of  the  "  cool  ferocity,"  the  unsparing  thoroughness  of  the 
colonial  trooper,  as  contrasted  with  the  cultivated  humanity,  the 
disciplined  self-restraint  of  the  Englishman. 

Maurice  Hutton, 

While,  of  course,  much  flattered  at  being  invited  to  take  part  in 
this  symposium,  I  must  complain  a  little  of  being  restricted  to 
"  about  five  hundred  words  "  upon  a  subject  so  suggestive.  It  fairly 
bristles  with  points  of  interest.  First,  there  is  the  pious  founder 
himself,  his  motives  and  objects,  then  there  are  the  scholars  that 

are  to  be,  and  what  it  all  means  for  them,  then  there  is .  But 

these  two  are  more  than  enough  to  bring  me  to  the  end  of  my  tether. 

Oxford  the  venerable,  chosen  city  of  learning  for  nearly  a  thous- 
and years,: — for  is  it  not  written  that  Vacarius  early  in  the  twelfth 
century  "in  Oxenfordia  legem  docuit?"  Oxford  the  "adorable 
dreamer,  whose  heart  has  been  so  romantic,"  who  has  given  herself 
so  prodigally  to  "lost  causes  and  forsaken  beliefs  and  unpopular 
names  and  impossible  loyalties,  only  never  to  the  Philistines,"  has 
been  made  the  indirect  recipient  of  a  princely  benefaction  from  a 
man  whom  many  would  during  his  lifetime  have  numbered  among 
the  Philistines,  rather  than  among  the  apostles  of  sweetness  and 
light,  Now,  however,  he  looms  up  as  a  sort  of  nineteenth  century 
•embodiment  of  Aristotle's  High-Minded  man. 

"We  have  heard  hints  that  the  impact  of  Rhodesian  scholars  will 
shake  Oxford  somewhat  out  of  her  ancient  ways  and  methods.  Cer- 
tainly there  is  no  reason  to  suppose  that  if  it  does  so  it  will  be 
gratifying  to  the  Manes  of  their  pious  founder.  He  has  stated  ex- 
pressly in  his  will  the  motives  of  his  action.  For  his  scholars 
his  object  has  been  that  of  giving  "  breadth  to  their  views  for  their 
instruction  in  life  and  manner,  and  instilling  into  their  minds  the 
advantage  to  the  colonies  as  well  as  to  the  United  Kingdom  of  the 
retention  of  the  unity  of  the  Empire,"  and  to  give  them  the  benefit 


THE  RHODES'  SCHOLARSHIPS-SYMPOSIUM          9 

of  a  residential  system,  "  for  without  it  students  are  at  the  most 
critical  period  of  their  lives  left  without  any  supervision."  For  the 
rest  he  "  wishes  to  encourage  and  foster  "an  appreciation  of  the  ad- 
vantage* which  will  result  from  the  union  of  English  speaking 
peoples  throughout  the  world,"  and  to  encourage  in  the  students 
from  the  United  States  an  attachment  for  the  country  from  which 
they  have  sprung. 

"We  hear  talk,  also,  of  the  Rhodes'  scholarships  leading  to  th  e  in- 
stitution of  new  post-graduate  courses.  At  present  there  exist  two: 
the  old  and  well-known  course  for  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Civil 
Law,  and  the  new  and  less  known  innovation,  of  the  course  for  the 
degree  of  Bachelor  of  Literature  or  of  Science,  the  latter  of  which 
is  apparently  open  to  graduates  of  outside  universities,  provided 
tney  have  kept  eight  terms  of  residence  in  Oxford  and  devote  a  year 
to  some  special  research  work.  They  can  choose  for  research 
apparently  anything  from  Middle  Chinese  Syntax  to  the  Fourth 
Dimension  of  J3pace.  I  understand  there  are  great  practical  difficul- 
ties in  the  institution  of  new  post-graduate  courses.  For  some  time 
to  come  I  imagine  Rhodes'  scholars  will  be  received  into  the  bosom 
of  the  university  upon  the  same  terms  as  the  numerous  scholars  w^ho 
come  from  the  great  public  schools  of  England,  and  be  invited  to 
submit  themselves  to  the  same  curricula.  They  will  have  their 
choice  of  one,  or  if  they  are  veritable  giants  of  industry  and  in- 
tellect, of  two,  of  the  seven  final  honour  schools  of  literae 
humaniores,  mathematics,  natural  science,  jurisprudence,  modern 
history,  theology  and  oriental  studies.  They  will  have  to  help  them 
the  lectures  of  Dicey,  Pollock,  Anson,  Caird,  Robinson-Ellis,  Rash- 
dall,  Pelham,  Stewart  and  Greenidge.  They  will  find  that  they  are 
encouraged  rather  to  read  deeply  than  widely,  and  that  if  the  ideal 
of  an  educated  man  is  to  know  everything  of  something  and  some- 
thing of  everything,  Oxford  attaches  far  more  importance  to  aiming 
at  the  first  half  of  this  ideal  than  at  the  second.  If  they  join  a 
college,  as  they  really  must  do  if  they  intend  to  carry  out  the  ideas 
of  Mr.  Rhodes,  they  will  come  to  understand  why  English  univer- 
sities are  said  to  have  an  advantage  in  that  they  give  a  pound  of 
education  to  every  ounce  of  learning. 

In  a  word,  our  Canadian  Rhodes'  scholar  will  find  at  Oxford  a 
|rroup  of  brilliant  lecturers  of  whom  any  university  might  be  proud, 
an  Alma  Mater  with  a  history  and  traditions  such  as  few  universi- 
ties can  boast,  a  residential  system  combining  the  utmost  possible 
attractions,  and  the  opportunity  of  concentrating  himself  during 
two  solid  years  upon  such  special  line  of  study  as  may  most  appeal  to 
his  taste,  without  having  his  time  and  attention  distracted  by  the 


10  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

addition  of  a  number  of  other  subjects.  As  a  result  his  subsequent 
life  can  scarcely  fail  to  be  more  valuable  to  himself  as  well  as  to 
his  country.  "Whether  it  will  also  be  the  happier  is  another  ques- 
tion. 

A.  H.  F.  Lefroy. 

It  is  a  mistake,  as  Mr.  Goldwin  Smith  points  out,  to  educate  a 
citizen  outside  his  own  country.  Of  course,  there  are  exceptions,  but 
they  do  not  invalidate  the  general  statement.  For  instance,  the 
Australian  who  receives  his  university  education  at  Sydney  or  Mel- 
bourne is  better  fitted  for  public  life,  for  the  professions  or  for  com- 
mercial pursuits  in  the  Commonwealth  than  if  he  obtained  his  uni- 
versity training  at  Oxford  or  Cambridge  only.  He  is  more  in  touch 
with  his  own  people,  he  knows  their  idiosyncracies,  and,  if  he  is 
fitted  by  nature  to  be  a  public  leader,  his  path  is  an  easier  one 
simply  because  he  understands  his  environment  and  is  himself 
understood. 

The  native  Australian  who  has  but  his  English  university  train- 
ing is,  of  course,  not  ostracized,  but  he  is  very  much  hampered  by 
the  want  of  sympathy  between  him  and  his  surroundings.  It  may  be 
said  that  he  would  do  his  community  a  service  by  being,  just  as  he 
is,  the  representative  of  other  views  and  other  ideals.  There  can 
be  no  doubt  on  this  point,  but  he  certainly  would  not,  except  in  rare 
instances,  be  a  leader  among  his  own. 

Seeing  that  this  is  so  and  that  Rhodes'  idea  was  to  prepare  leaders 
for  Anglo-Saxondom  derived  from  its  scattered  sections,  who  should 
be  imbued  with  the  larger  ideals  of  the  race,  it  is  obvious  that  the 
Oxford  University  training  should  be  given  only  after  that  of  the 
colonial  university  had  been  undergone.  That  certainly  would  give 
the  best  product.  Broad,  from  the  intellectual  point  of  view,  with 
a  larger  experience  than  would  be  obtained  by  being  an  Oxford 
man  alone,  such  a  double  university  man,  if  otherwise  fitted  by 
nature,  would  probably  become  a  force  in  his  own  country. 

To  take,  on  the  other  hand,  a  Canadian  from  a  preparatory  school, 
however  good,  and  put  him  at  Oxford,  would  be  to  make  him  Eng- 
lish and  not  Canadian  in  thought  and  feeling,  and  he  would  be  in 
danger  of  being  regarded  in  his  former  surroundings  as  "  a  patriot 
without  a  country." 

On  the  whole  I  am  inclined  to  doubt  if  the  object  of  the  Rhodes' 
bequest  will  be  attained  in  this  or  the  next  generation.  Here  and 
there  in  the  Empire  will  arise  a  Macdonald,  a  Laurier,  a  Barton  or 
a  Reid,  who  may  "  care  for  none  of  those  things,"  and  who,  in  spite 
of  all  the  Rhodes'  graduates,  may  lead  the  people  whither  he  may 
list. 

A    B.  Macallum. 


THE  RHODES' 'SCHOLARSHIPS— SYMPOSIUM        11 

Before  one  can  foretell  in  any  way  what  effect  this  inroad  of 
strangers  from  all  parts  of  the  world  will  have  on  Oxford  or 
Oxford  on  her  new  children,  one  must  have  more  information  than 
is  at  present  available  as  to  the  age  of  the  new  scholars.  Are  they 
to  be  boys  out  of  school,  are  they  to  be  undergraduates  of  one  or 
two  years'  standing,  or  yet  graduates  bent  on  taking  up  some  form 
of  research?  If  they  are  boys,  the  Oxford  curriculum  will  doubt- 
less remain  much  as  it  is,  and  the  newT-comers  be  quickly  absorbed 
into  the  present  mass  of  undergraduates.  In  fact  the  casual  visitor 
would  never  know  after  a  term  or  so  whether  his  interlocutor  came 
fiom  beyond  the  banks  of  the  Tweed  or  the  Modder  River,  so  strong 
is  the  spirit  of  uniformity  abroad  in  the  High.  This  is  probably 
what  ]\Ir.  Rhodes  desired,  for  the  seed  then  sown  would  fructify 
ten-fold  in  later  years,  whether  it  blossomed  in  outlying  parts  of 
the  Empire,  in  Germany  or  in  the  United  States.  Boys  of  eighteen 
to  twenty  years  of  age  are  also  more  pliable  than  would  be  men  of 
more  mature  age,  and  certain  characteristics  of  the  Oxford  train- 
ing, which  stamp  the  Oxford  man  the  world  over,  would  then  be- 
come so  ingrained  as  never  to  be  shaken  off. 

If,  however,  the  Rhodes  scholars  are  to  be  colonial  or  American 
undergraduates  of  two  years'  standing,  their  presence  will  have 
almost  as  much  effect  on  Oxford  as  Oxford  will  on  them.  For 
colonial  and  American  life  renders  men  quicker,  brighter  and 
keener  than  English  life  does.  This  keenness  and  alertness  of  the 
colonial  should  tell  both  in  the  schools  as  well  as  on  the  playground. 
The  level  of  scholarship  should  become  higher  and  the  general  tone 
of  things  brisker. 

If,  however,  the  Rhodes'  scholars  are  to  be  graduates  of  colonial, 
American  and  German  Universities,  then  there  must  be  a  very  great 
change  in  Oxford  herself.  At  present  there  is  absolutely  no 
preparation  for  the  reception  of  research  students.  The  lectures  are 
nothing  more  nor  less  than  running  commentaries  on  a  couple  of  old 
standard  text-books  which  one  almost  knows  by  heart.  The  dons  are 
so  busy  tutoring  the  undergraduate  as  to  have  neither  time  nor  in- 
clination to  take  a  post-graduate  pupil,  whose  researches  may  de- 
mand a  very  large  amount  of  reading  on  their  own  part.  There  is 
thus  no  one  left  but  the  university  professors.  In  the  domain  of 
science  many  of  these  are  brilliant  men,  but  in  the  domain  of  arts 
very  few  of  them  seem  to  know  what  research  means,  much  less  t<> 
understand  how  to  conduct  it.  These  university  professors  are 
appointed  by  the  Cabinet,  which  as  a  rule,  perhaps,  pays  more  atten- 
tion to  influence  than  scholarship.  It  is  therefore  a  matter  of  much 
regret  to  many  interested  in  research  at  Oxford  that  some  part  of 


12 

this  generous  gift  of  Mr.  Rhodes  was  not  set  apart  for  university 
purposes,  so  that  suitable  accommodation  might  be  made  for  carry- 
ing on  research  work  of  a  high  order.  Until  this1  is  done,  new  dis- 
coveries will  be  made  in  the  Royal  Society,  not  at  Oxford,  and  new 
books  written,  in  the  British  Museum,  rather  than  at  the  Bodleian, 
The  research  student  will  pass  his  time  in  very  pleasant  and  agree- 
able converse,  absorbing  much  "  sweetness  and  light "  with  his 
afternoon  tea  and  muffins,  but  the  value  of  his  contribution  to 
human  knowledge  will  never  send  a  thrill  through  humanity. 

H.  P.  Biggar. 

The  great  aim  of  this  remarkable  man  is  said  to  have  been  a  world 
in  which  peace  and  order  reigned.  He  believed  that  the  English- 
speaking  race  was  being  used  by  God  to  bring  about  this  end,  and,, 
therefore,  that  he  would  further  God's  purpose  by  seeking  "  to 
paint  as  much  of  the  map  of  Africa  British  red  as  possible." 

To  win  that  peace  and  order  he  saw  that  the  solidarity  of  the 
Anglo-Saxon  race  was  more  or  less  essential,  and  that  the  sympathy 
or  aid  of  the  Teutonic  mind  was  the  next  need.  The  scholarship 
plan  was  no  doubt  devised  in  order  to  bring  about  this  end. 

At  first  sight  the  provisions  of  the  will  almost  startle  one  by  their 
unique  breadth  of  vision  and  aim.  Reflection,  however,  makes  one 
doubt  how  far  the  aim  will  be  successful.  In  three  years,  or  there- 
abouts, it  is  said,  there  will  be  175  "  Cecil  Rhodes  students  "  in 
Oxford;  160  from  the  English-speaking  peoples,  and  15  German 
students.  What  will  be  the  effect  upon  Oxford  of  this  influx  of 
"  Outlanders  "  ?  Some  writers  fear  that  the  consequences  will  be 
harmful,  that  the  social  life  and  tone  of  the  university  will  be 
lowered  as  a  result. 

This  apprehension  does  not  seem  to  me  well  founded.  Oxford 
has  great  powers  of  assimilation.  These  new  students  will  neces- 
sarily, I  suppose,  be  attached  to  the  various  colleges,  and  it  is  certain 
that  they  will  not  modify  the  traditions  or  customs  of  Oxford,  but, 
on  the  contrary,  they  will  themselves  be  more  or  less  moulded  and 
influenced  by  her. 

What  is  likely  to  be  the  effect  upon  the  students?  It  is  difficult 
to  say  this  until  a  scheme  for  their  work  at  the  university  has  been 
settled  upon.  It  has  been  suggested'  that  they  must  be  required  to 
matriculate  and  to  pass  through  the  regular  curriculum.  This 
requirement,  if  insisted  on,  will,  of  course,  prevent  graduates  from 
leading  universities  in  the  United  States  and  Canada  from  seeking 
to  enter.  But  it  is  only  by  going  through  this  regular  course  that 
they  will  obtain  the  social  training  and  culture  which  is  a  distinctive 
feature  of  English  university  life.  If  the  scholars  be  not  graduates,. 


THE  RHODES'  SCHOLARSHIPS— SYMPOSIUM        13' 

they  will  naturally  enter  into  the  social  life  more  keenly  than  meri; 
of  more  mature  years  and  more  studious  bent  would  do,  and  I  be- 
lieve that  as  far  as  colonists  are  concerned,  they  will  in  most  cases 
be  injured  rather  than  benefited.  The  whole  tenor  of  that  life- 
seems  to  me  calculated  to  unfit  a  colonial  for  useful  work  in  a 
colony,  and  to  unsettle  his  ideas  and  thoughts.  In  many  respects 
I  consider  that  students  obtain  a  sounder  and  more  thorough  educa- 
tion at  a  first-class  Canadian  university  than  they  do  at  either 
Oxford  or  Cambridge,  and,  attractive  and  charming  as  English 
university  life  most  undoubtedly  is,  I  should  not  recommend  it  to 
a  student  proposing  to  live  and  labour  in  Canada  as  his  future  home. 

For  advanced  students,  however,  preferably  graduates,  who 
desire  to  take  a  special  course  in  such  subjects  as  (for  example) 
Classics,  or  History,  the  danger  wrould  be  less,  and  no  doubt  the 
benefit  would  be  great.  Unless  there  be  a  very  great  change  in 
national  sentiment,  the  student  from  Germany  or  the  United  States, 
after  three  years  at  Oxford,  will  be  regarded  in  his  own  country 
as  labelled  "  made  in  England,"  and  will  find  it  necessary  to  prove 
even  more  of  an  Anglophobe  than  his  fellows,  in  order  to  vindicate 
his  patriotism. 

As  far  as  Oxford  is  concerned,  I  am  strongly  of  the  opinion  that 
Cecil  Rhodes  wrould  have  benefited  her  more  had  he  devoted  hi& 
millions  to  furnishing  her  with  a  first-class  scientific  equipment,  and 
to  raising  the  salaries  paid  to  professors  and  tutors  so 
as  to  insure  a  supply  of  eminent  men  as  teachers  and  instructors  of 
youth. 

_ N.  W.  Hoyles. 

Dr.  Goldwin  Smith  was  waited  upon  by  a  World  representative 
and  asked  his  views  regarding  the  bequest  of  Cecil  Rhodes  for 
scholarships  in  Oxford  University.  He  said: — 

"My  own  observation,  I  confess,  has  led  me  to  advise  against 
sending  youths  in  the  plastic  age,  while  character  and  habit  are  in 
course  of  formation,  to  another  country  for  education.  They  run 
a  risk  of  contracting  ideas  and  tendencies  out  of  keeping  with  the 
society  in  which  they  are  to  live.  They  are  removed  at  a  critical 
age  from  the  immediate  influence  of  their  homes  and  their  own 
circle  and  exposed  to  the  temptations  of  a  strange  land.  My 
opinion,  however,  is  general,  and  subject  to  allowance  for  the  cir- 
cumstances of  each  case. 

"  The  social  traditions  and  habits  of  Oxford  are  those  of  aristo- 
cratic England.  The  Oxford  ideal  has  been  rather  the  intellectual 
culture  of  a  gentry,  while  that  of  the  universities  of  this  continent 
is  rather  the  mental  equipment  of  men  of  business. 


14  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

•'  The  means  of  instruction  on  this  continent  seem  to  me  not  in- 
ferior to  those  in  England,  though  the  aims  may  partly  differ.  AVe 
have  imported  not  a  little  of  the  teaching  talent  of  Great  Britain 
and  other  European  countries. 

"  I  speak  only  of  youths  undergoing  their  university  education. 
When  education  has  been  completed,  if  the  young  man  is  bent  on  a 
learned  or  scientific  life  and  desires  for  that  purpose  to  resort  to 
:some  special  source  of  instruction  abroad,  by  all  means  furnish  him 
with  money  for  that  purpose.  It  is  understood  that  the  powers  of 
.the  trustees  under  the  will  of  Cecil  Rhodes  are  large ;  something  of 
this  kind  might  be  within  their  scope. 

"  As  to  the  political  views  which  the  foundation  is  intended  to 
subserve,  it  is  enough  to  say  that  when  education  is  made  subser- 
vient to  a  political  purpose  circumspection  on  the  part  of  those  who 
are  responsible  for  its  interests  is  required. 

"Apprehensions  have  been  expressed  with  regard  to  the  effect 
•of  this  great  influx  of  American  students  on  the  University  of 
Oxford  itself.  I  do  not  much  foresee  mischief  in  that  direction,  but 
the  university  will  have  to  take  care,  and  no  doubt  will  take  care, 
that  there  is  no  conflict  of  jurisdiction  between  itself  and  the  trust." 

To  the  above  Mr.  Goldwin  Smith  adds: 

"  The  most  difficult  question  appears  to  be  that  of  selecting  or 
electing  the  students,  as  to  which  I  am  not  prepared  to  make  any 
-positive  suggestion.  Oxford  might  perhaps  appoint  delegates  on 
this  continent  to  conduct  a  competitive  examination." 

Goldwin  Smith. 


THE  MONROE  DOCTRINE  ONCE  MORE. 
BY  MCGREGOR  YOUNG,  B.A. 

Professor   of  International   Law,    L'ni remit}/    of  Toronto. 

IN  an  address  recently  delivered  at  Augusta,  in  the  State  of 
Maine,  the  President  of  the  United  States  has  again  pro- 
claimed that  the  Monroe  Doctrine  is  the  settled  policy  of  the  nation. 
After  referring  to  the  results  of  the  Spanish  War,  and  to  the 
projected  construction  of  a  national  Isthmian  Canal,  the  President 
said : — "  Our  interest  in  the  Monroe  Doctrine  is  more  concrete  than 
ever  before.  The  Monroe  Doctrine  is  simply  a  statement  of  our 
very  firm  belief  that  the  nations  now  existing  on  this  continent 
must  be  left  to  work  out  their  own  destinies  among  themselves, 
and  that  this  continent  is  no  longer  to  be  regarded  as  the  colonising 
ground  of  any  European  Power.  The  one  power  on  the  continent 
that  can  make  the  doctrine  effective  is,  of  course,  ourselves;  for, 
in  the  world  as  it  is,  a  nation  which  advances  a  given  doctrine, 


THE  MONROE  DOCTRINE  ONCE  MORE      15 

likely  to  interfere  in  any  way  with  other  nations,  must  possess  the 
power  to  back  it  up  if  it  wishes  the  doctrine  to  be  respected.  We 
stand  firmly  by  the  Monroe  Doctrine." 

These  words,  if  the  press  agencies  are  to  be  trusted,  have  received 
unusual  attention  in  the  capitals  of  Europe,  and  have  provoked 
angry  protests  from  the  continental  press.  The  re-assertion  of  the 
Doctrine  at  this  time  is  regarded  in  some  quarters  as  the  answer  of 
the  United  States  to  the  Colonial  Conference  at  London,  with 
•obvious  reference  to  the  future  of  this  Dominion.  The  President's 
language  does  not  fairly  bear  this  interpretation;  it  is  ridiculed  in 
England,  and  the  President  in  a  later  speech  in  Vermont  has  since 
disclaimed  any  threat  or  menace  to  any  European  Power. 

The  comments  of  the  English  journals  have  been  generally  favor- 
able. The  Times  takes  occasion  to  remind  the  United  States  of  the 
inadequacy  of  its  naval  strength.  The  Standard  disposes  of  the 
Anglophobe  construction  in  a  friendly  leader.  The  Spectator  of 
the  30th  of  August  welcomes  the  announcement  in  the  following 
language: — "We  are  glad,  in  the  interests  of  the  United  States, 
of  Great  Britain,  and  of  the  peace  of  the  world,  that  the  President 
of  the  United  States  should  have  announced  in  such  clear  and  un- 
mistakable terms  that  the  Monroe  Doctrine  will  be  enforced  by 
the  United  States  at  all  costs.  We  hold  that  the  maintenance  of 
the  Monroe  Doctrine  is  as  good  for  us  as  for  the  United  States." 

Public  opinion  in  England  is  inclining  towards  the  official  recog- 
nition of  the  Doctrine  by  Great  Britain,  and  this  is  the  feature  of 
the  recent  discussion  which  gives  present  interest  to  the  topic  in  a 
Canadian  University. 

For  there  is  no  novelty  in  the  announcement.  The  Monroe 
Doctrine  is  the  permanent  element  of  American  politics  and  "  a 
fundamental  article  in  the  creed  of  every  patriotic  American." 
Mr.  Sydney  Brooks  has  had  exceptional  opportunities  for  observa- 
tion, and  he  has  thus  expressed  his  conclusions  in  the  December 
number  of  the  Fortnightly: — "Whatever  an  American  may  call 
himself,  Republican,  Democrat  or  Mugwump;  whatever  he  may 
be,  farmer,  capitalist,  artisan  or  clerk,  he  is  first  and  last  *  *  * 
an  instinctive  Monroeist.  *  *  *  *  One  never  comes  across  an 
American  who  does  not  subscribe  to  the  Monroe  Doctrine."  With 
the  further  statement  that  it  is  "less  a  policy  than  a  religion,  and! 
less  a  religion  than  a  superstition,"  no  thoughtful  observer  of 
American  politics  will  bet  disposed  to  quarrel.  The  Doctrine  must 
be  accepted  as  an  international  fact. 

Nor  was  apostasy  to  be  expected  from  President  Roosevelt. 
One  of  the  earliest  of  his  published  works  is  a  vindication  of  the 
Doctrine,  and  the  official  silence  of  his  Vice-Presidency  was  broken 


16  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

to  declare  at  Minneapolis  that  it  was  "  the  cardinal  feature  of  the- 
f oreign  policy "  of  the  United  States.  His  first  presidential 
message  repeats  these  words  and  reaffirms  his  adherence.  "  Our 
people,"  he  writes,  "  intend  to  abide  by  the  Monroe  Doctrine,  and 
to  insist  upon  it  as  the  one  sure  means  of  securing  the  peace  of  the 
Western  Hemisphere.  The  navy  offers  us  the  only  means  of 
making  our  insistence  anything  but  an  object  of  derision  to  what- 
ever nation  chooses  to  disregard  it."  The  same  significant  connec- 
tion between  the  Doctrine  and  the  navy  is  found  in  the  Augusta 
speech,  and  the  Vermont  supplement  urges  a  vigorous  naval  pro- 
gramme as  indispensable  to  the  support  of  the  policy  to  which  the 
nation  stands  committed.  The  curious  have  detected  a  further 
significance  in  the  Kaiser's  naval  programme,  and  Germany's 
peculiar  interest  in  Monroeism  and  South  American  colonization. 
Though  an  international  fact,  the  Doctrine  is  no  part  of  inter- 
national law.  Mr.  Olney  in  the  Venezuelan  despatches  labored  to 
show  that  it  was,  and  President  Cleveland  supported  him,  but  Lord 
Salisbury's  answer  was  a  complete  refutation  of  their  contentions, 
and  no  American  jurist  of  repute  has  ever  made  the  claim. 
"  No  intelligent  American  regards  the  Monroe  Doctrine  as  a  canon 
of  international  law.  We  simply  regard  it  as  a  declaration  of  our 
own  public  policy "  (30  Am.  Law  Rev.  p.  Ill),  is  the  way  an 
American  authority  has  disposed  of  it.  "  Though  a  policy,  and  no 
part  of  international  law,  it  is  a  policy  not  wholesome  to  quarrel 
with,"  is  the  paraphrase  of  an  American  Senator. 

This  is  a  helpful  conclusion,  for  it  goes  to  explain  the  variant 
definitions  of  the  Doctrine  in  the  course  of  its  history.  You  must 
define  a  rule  of  law,  but  you  fetter  a  policy  by  a  definition.  A 
policy  must  be  free  to  reflect  the  conditions  of  the  hour.  It  is  not 
the  rule  in  Shelley's  case,  but  judicial  discretion,  or  the  Chan- 
cellor's foot,  that  gives  the  analogy  to  lawyers.  There  is  a  peculiar 
danger  in  this  convenient  indefiniteness.  Duties,  too,  will  grow 
around  a  legal  rule,  but,  as  yet,  the  United  States  has  acknowledged 
no  duties  in  connection  with  the  Doctrine.  If  it  be  "  in  the  in- 
terests of"  the  British  subjects  upon  this  continent  that  the  ")Doc- 
trine  "  will  be  enforced  "  "  at  all  costs,"  we  may  rejoice  with  the 
Spectator  that  our  blessings  are  expressed  in  "clear  and  unmistak- 
able terms."  "  Misera  est  seritus  ubi  jus  est  vagum  aut  ibicertum," 
and  we  should  be  grateful  for  all  attempts  to  put  the  Doctrine  in 
definite  and  intelligible  form. 

The  name  has  passed  into  the  diplomatic  vocabulary,  but  its  use 
is  inaccurrate.  The  Monroe  Doctrine  proper  is  contained  in  those 
paragraphs  of  the  famous  message  sent  down  by  President  Monroe 
in  December,  1823,  which  deal  with  the  political  situation  in 


THE  MONROE  DOCTRINE  ONCE  MORE      17 

Europe.  It  was  directed  against  a  specific  act  of  illegal  intervention 
which  menaced  the  essential  interests  of  the  United  States,  and 
was  justifiable  upon  well  established  principles  of  international  law. 

After  a  successful  career  of  illegal  intervention  in  Europe  in  the 
interests  of;  a  jure  divino  despotism,  the  Holy  Alliance,  at  the  re- 
quest of  Spain,  had  announced  its  intention  of  intervening  in 
South  America  to  reimpose  the  sovereignty  of  Spain  upon  the 
South  American  republics.  As  Mr.  Goldwin  Smith  has  said  in  his 
United  Kingdom,  the  Holy  Alliance  "  was  minded  to  stretch  the 
.  arm  of  its  Christian  charity  across  the  ocean,  and  put  Republic- 
anism down  in  the  Western  Hemisphere  as  well  as  in  its  own." 
The  contemplated  intervention  was  an  open  attack  upon  free 
government,  and  a  direct  menace  to  Republicanism  and  the  United 
States. 

The  "  Doctrine  "  of  President  Monroe  was  limited  to  the  require- 
ments of  legitimate  self-defence.  The  "  Doctrine  "  of  President 
Roosevelt  is  not  so  limited  (as  will  presently  appear),  and  the  differ- 
ence is  the  difference  between  legality  and  illegality.  The  original 
message  has  been  extended  and  perverted  beyond  its  occasion  and 
its  context  into  the  radically  different  doctrine  of  the  present  day — 
the  Olney  Doctrine,  so  styled  by  Professor  Bushnell  Hart  of 
Harvard.  The  student  of  politics  will  observe  that  this  momen- 
tous policy  is  the  exclusive  creation  of  the  American  executive. 
Although  resolutions  to  that  end  have  more  than  once  been  laid 
before  Congress,  the  legislative  branch  of  the  government  has  never 
passed  upon  it. 

The  difference  between  the  two  Doctrines  will  be  seen  in  a 
more  specific  statement  of  what  the  modern  Doctrine  means  than 
was  given  by  the  President  in  his  recent  address.  No  explanation 
was  required  for  his  American  hearers,  who  were  familiar  with  the 
previous  declarations  of  their  Presidents  and  publicists.  President 
Roosevelt,  himself,  had  already  stated  at  Minneapolis,  "We  shall 
strenuously  insist  that  upon  no  pretext  whatever  shall  there  be  any 
territorial  aggrandizement  on  American  soil  by  any  European 
Power,  and  this,  no  matter  what  form  the  territorial  aggrandize- 
ment may  take."  A  predecessor  (referring  to  French  control  of 
the  Panama  Canal)  had  put  the  doctrine  in  this  form,  that  "to 
transfer  to  any  such  European  Power  by  conquest,  cession,  or 
acquisition  in  any  other  way,  any  of  these  [American]  States  is  a 
measure  to  which  this  [United  States]  Government  has  avowed  its 
opposition." 

The  Doctrine  means,  in  short,  that  no  European  Power  can 
peaceably  or  by  force,  add  to  her  existing,  or  acquire  new  holdings, 
in  any  part  of  this  Western  Hemisphere.  If  Denmark  wants  to  sell 


18 

her  American  possessions,  she  must  find  an  American  purchaser. 
If  Holland  should  enter  the  German  federation,  she  must  leave 
Dutch  Guiana  behind,  and  no  European  Power  can  acquire  it  and 
be  at  peace  with  the  United  States.  German  settlers  in  South 
America  are  forever  excluded  from  any  form  of  political  connec- 
tion with  the  fatherland,  and  the  latest  definitions  are  Avide  enough 
to  prevent  the  happy  settlement  of  our  French  Shore  question  by 
an  English  purchase  of  the  French  Islands  on  the  Newfoundland 
coast.  These,  literally,  are  within  the  very  words  which  official 
utterances  have  used  to  describe  a  change  of  territorial  status 
which  the  United  States  will  resist  by  force  of  arms. 

Now  this  interference  in  the  internal  affairs  of  a  self-governing 
nation  is  called  Intervention  by  international  lawyers,  and  is  a 
breach  of  International  Law.  "  The  right  of  every  independent 
State  to  increase  Us  national  dominions,  wealth,  population  and 
power  by  all  innocent  and  lawful  means,  such  as  the  pacific  acquisi- 
tion of  new  territory  ...  is  an  incontrovertible  right  of 
sovereignty  generally  recognized  by  the  usage  and  opinion  of  na- 
tions." This  accurate  statement  of  the  law  by  Wheaton,  the  great 
American  jurist,  and  a  standard  authority  upon  the  subject,  must 
now  be  qualified  and  made  subject  to  the  policy  of  the  United 
States.  The  one  recognized  exception  to  the  illegality  of  interven- 
tion is  self-defence  against  a  "  danger  real  and  imminent,  not  con- 
tingent or  conjectural  " — such  a  danger  as  existed  in  1823  and  was 
met,  at  the  suggestion  of  Canning,  the  English  Foreign  Secretary, 
by  the  defensive  action  outlined  in  the  message  of  President 
Monroe.  There  are  other  debatable  exceptions,  but  none  of  them 
has  any  bearing  upon  the  matter  in  hand.  If.  by  any  reasonable 
construction,  there  is  any  menace  to  the  peace  or  safety  of  the 
llnited  States,  or  any  danger  to  its  institutions,  in  the  movement  of 
any  foreign  power  in  this  hemisphere,  there  is  no  need  to  appeal  to 
Monroeism  for  the  justification  of  such  action  as  the  United  States 
may  deem  necessary  for  its  effectual  protection.  That  is  already 
afforded  by  universally  recognized  principles  of  International  Law. 
If,  on  the  other  hand,  no  such  menace  or  danger  can  reasonably  be 
found — if  it  be  defiance  and  not  defence — the  intervention  of  the 
United  States  is  an  international  offence.  The  test  is  clear  and 
definite. 

The  weight  of  argument,  if  not  of  numbers,  is  with  that  school 
which  holds  that  International  Law  has  no  other  source  than  the 
practice  of  nations.  "  Consensus  facit  jus  ";  and  the  assent  of  the 
civilized  world  is  the  breath  of  its  life.  Herein  lies  the  importance 
-of  the  present  movement  for  the  recognition  of  the  doctrine  by 
•Great  Britain. 


THE  MONROE  DOCTRINE  ONCE  MORE  19 

As  a  matter  of  policy  it  may  be  in  the  present  interests  of  Great 
Britain  that  the  Doctrine  should  be  enforced.  Canadians  can  be 
found  who  mil  differ  from  the  Spectator  and  those  publicists  who 
are  of  that  opinion.  There  may  or  may  not  be  cause  for  Great 
Britain's  assent.  Of  the  effect  there  can  be  no  doubt.  Even  at  this 
date  Mr.  Hannis  Taylor,  in  an  elaborate  treatise  upon  Public  Inter- 
national Law,  has  placed  the  Monroe  Doctrine  among  the  "  Sources 
and  Foundations  "  of  his  science  as  "  that  new  page  which  is  being 
rapidly  incorporated  into  the  general  body  of  the  law  of  nations. 
"  As  soon,"  he  proceeds  to  state,  "  as  the  entire  family  of  nations 
acquiesce  in  that  Doctrine,  as  Great  Britain  and  France  have  done, 
the  new  rule  establishing  the  hegemony  of  the  United  States  in  these 
continents  will  become  a  part  of  thei  public  law  of  the  world,  if  it 
is  not  so  already."  France  "  acquiesced "  when  she  was  driven 
from  Mexico;  Great  Britain,  when  she  accepted  arbitration  in  the 
Venezuelan  dispute.  Assent  of  this  description  would  get  scant 
recognition  in  a  Court  of  Justice,  but  the  deliberate  "  concensus  " 
of  Great  Britain,  as  now  advocated,  will  go  a  long  way  towards 
the  legalizing  of  this  anomalous  claim  to  paramountcy  upon 
this  continent.  A  quotation  from  section  415  of,  the  same 
work  may  be  instructive  in  this  connection.  "By  virtue  of  its 
primacy  or  overlordship  in  the  new  world,  the  United  States 
has  the  right  to  act  as  final  arbitrator,  and ,  to  carry  out  its 
decrees  by  force,  if  necessary,  whenever  a  controversy  is  pending 
between  an  European  Power  and  an  American  State  whose  conse- 
quences threaten  an  extension  of  the  European  system  in  this 
hemisphere."  This  is  the  legal  version  of  Mr.  Olney's  concrete 
declaration  that  "  the  United  States  is  practically  sovereign  upon 
this  continent,  and  its  fiat  is  law  upon  the  subjects  to  which  it  con- 
fines its  interposition  " — the  "  new  page "  in  International  Law. 
Here  are  terms  familiar  to  feudalism  and  the  middle  ages,  but  diffi- 
cult to  be  reconciled  with  the  principles  that  permeate  the  entire 
system  of  modern  International  Law. 

The  practical  issue  of  the  enforcement  of  the  modern  Doctrine 
with  the  support  of  Great  Britain  may  be  left  to  the  speculation  of 
men  of  affairs.  By  our  abrogation  of  the  Clayton-Bulwer  Treaty 
in  tLe  Hay-Pauncefote  Convention,  and  our  consent  to  an  exclu- 
sively American  canal  between  the  oceans,  the  area  of  self-preser- 
vation and  of  legitimate  intervention  by  the  United  States  has  been 
indefinitely  extended.  Sooner  or  later  the  canal  will  be  in  fact,  as 
it  has  been  declared  to  be  by  presidential  metaphor,  the  "  shore  line 
of  the  United  States."  An  undertaking  of  such  magnitude  and  im- 
portance will  not  be  left  to  the  risk  of  biennial  revolutions  in 
Isthmian  Republics. 


20  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

The  economical  and  political  effect  upon  South  America  will  be 
great  and  far  reaching.  No  European  Power  can  take  the  place  of 
the  unstable  South  American  governments,  and  the  marvellous  re- 
sources of  that  vast  continent  must  be  left  to  develop  under  Latin 
institutions,  or  be  brought  within  the  control  of  the  United  States. 
The  colonial  designs  of  Germany  are  notorious ;-  the  statistics  of| 
German  immigration  and  investment  are  surprising:  "Over  all 
hangs  the  shadow  of  the  Monroe  Doctrine."  Will  Germany  submit? 

A  thought  or  two  of  scientific  interest  may  be  briefly  noted.  The 
analogy  of  the  European  Concert  is  sometimes  urged  by  American 
apologists.  Strict  legalists  dispute  the  legality  of  the  Concert's 
action,  and  there  is  in  any  case  an  obvious  difference  between  the 
joint  action  of  the  six  Great  Powers,  and  the  isolated  arbitrament 
of  any  single  nation,  however  unselfish  its  motives  and  wise  its 
decrees.  The  general  conclusion  agreed  upon  by  the  Great  Powers, 
with  their  divergent  interests  in  the  scene  of  action,  may  well  be 
accepted  as  in  the  best  interests  of  the  civilized  world.  A  like  secu- 
rity is  not  afforded  by  the  overlordship  of  any  one  American  power, 
and  the  difference  seems  radical. 

Grotius  and  his  successors  have  constructed  modern  International 
Law  upon  a  foundation  of  the  independence  and  equality  of  na- 
tions, and  territorial  sovereignty  is  the  fundamental  conception 
of  the  science.  It  must  be  admitted  that  this  theoretical  equality 
has  yielded  to  the  exigencies  of  the  great  states.  Practice  makes 
the  law,  and  practice  and  theory  are  not  at  one  in  this  respect.  The 
.European  Concert  in  the  old  world,  and  the  Monroe  Doctrine  in  the 
new,  cannot  be  reconciled  with  the  waning 'rules  of  the  text  books. 
The  principles  they  are  displacing  are  so  vital  to  the  existing  system 
that  it  must  fall  with  their  destruction.  We  are  in  a  transition 
period  and  are  moving  to  a  new  era  in  the  history  of  International 
Law.  What  will  be  the  "  sanction  "  to  take  the  place  of  kinship  and 
religion,  Emperor  and  Pope,  and  the  equality  of  nations  in  the  pre- 
ceding stages  of  development?  The  answer  will  be  full  of  scientific, 
no  less  than  political,  interest.  Government  by  the  Great  Powers 
will  give  us  a  sanction  that  will  satisfy  the  Austinians,  and  will 
remove  the  most  serious  charge  against  our  science t  that  "  law  with- 
out an  arbiter  is  a  contradiction  in  terms;"  that  "International. 
Law  is  the  vanishing  point  of  jurisprudence." 


TOKOXTOKENSIA. 


21 


•TOROXTOXEiSrSIA. 


UNIVERSITY   OP    TORONTO 

MONTHLY. 

ADDRESS  ALL  COMMUNICATIONS  FOB 
PUBLICATION  TO  THE  SECRETARY,  UNI- 
VERSITY OF  TORONTO. 

Published  monthly,   October — June. 
Subscription    $1.00    a    year,   single    copies 

15  cts. 

All  subscriptions  are  credited  October- 
June. 

EDITORIAL   COMMITTEE. 

I.  H.  CAMERON,  M.B.,  Chairman. 

J.  C.  MCLENNAN,  Ph.D.,  Secretary. 

L.  E.  EMBREE,  M.A.;  J.  MCGREGOR 
YOUNG,  BA.;  H.  J.  CODY,  M.  A.;  J.  A. 
COOPER,  B.A.,  LL.B.;  C.  C.  JAMES.  M.A.; 
GEO.  WILKIE,  B.A.;  J.  M.  CLARK,  M.A.; 
LL.B.,  K.C;  J.  W.MALLON,  B.A.,  LL.B.; 
HON.  S.  C.  BIGGS,  B.A.,  K.C. 

S.  J.  ROBERTSON,  B.A.,  Managing  Edi- 
tor. 


THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  ALUMNI 
ASSOCIATION:   LOCAL  ORGANIZATIONS 

GENERAL  ASSOCIATION.  —  President, 
DR.  R.  A.  REEVE,  Toronto.  Secretary, 
J  C.  MCLEXNAN,  Ph.  D.,  Dean's  House, 
University  of  Toronto. 

ALGOMA,  DISTRICT  OF.  —  President, 
REV.  J.  ALLAN,  B.A ,  Sault  Ste.  Marie, 
Ont.;  Secretary-Treasurer,  LESLIE  A. 
GREEN,  B.A.,  Sault  Ste.  Marie,  Ont. 

BRANT  COUNTY.  —  President,  A.  J. 
WILKES,  LL.B.,  K.C.,  Brantford,  Ont; 
Secretary,  M.  J.  KEANE,  M.B.,  Brant- 
ford,  Ont. 

BRITISH  COLUMBIA. — President,  REV. 
R.  WHITTINGTON,  M.A.,  B.Sc.,  Vancou- 
ver, B.C. 

ELGIN  COUNTY,  ONT. — President,  REV. 
CANON  HILL,  St.  Thomas.  Secretary, 
S.  SILCOX,  B.A.,  B.  Peed.,  St.  Thomas. 

GREY  AND  BRUCE.  —  President,  A.  G. 
McKAY,  B.A.,  Owen  Sound,  Ont. 
Secretary,  W.  D.  FERRIS,  M.B.,  Shallow 
Lake,  Ont. 

HASTINGS  COUNTY. — President,  LT.- 
COL.  W,  N.  PONTON,  M.A.,  Belleville. 
Secretary,  J.  T.  LUTON,  B.A.,  Belleville. 

HURON  COUNTY.  —  President,  WM. 
GUNN,  M.D.,  Clinton.  Ont.  Secretary- 
Treasurer,  CHAS.  GABROW,  B.A.,  LL.B., 
Goderich,  Ont. 


KENT  COUNTY.  —  President,  D.  S. 
PATTERSON,  B.A.,  Chatham,  Ont  Sec- 
retary, Miss  GRACE  MCDONALD,  B.A., 
Chatham,  Ont. 

LENNOX  AND  ADDINGTON  COUNTIES. — 
President,  H.  M.  DEROCHE,  B.A.,  K.C., 
Napanee.  Secretary-Treasurer,  U.  J. 
FLACK,  M.A.,  Napanee. 

LINCOLN  COUNTY.— President,  JOHN 
HENDERSON,  M.A.,  St.  Cacuarines. 
Secretary-Treasurer,  G.  B.  BURSON,  B.A., 
St.  Catharines. 

MIDDLESEX  COUNTY.— President,  TAL- 
BOT  MACBETH,  B.A.,  K.C-,  London. 
Secretary-Treasurer,  F.  E.  PERRIN,  B.A., 
London. 

OTTAWA. — President,  E.  R.  CAMERON, 
M.A.,  Ottawa.  Secretary-Treasurer,  H. 
A.  BURBIDGE,  B.A.,  Ottawa. 

PERTH  COUNTY,  ONT. — President,  C.  J. 
MCGREGOR,  M.A.,  Stratford,  Ont. 
Secretary-Treasurer,  C.  A.  MAYBERRY, 
E.A.,  LL.B.,  Stratford,  Ont. 

PETERBOROUGH  COUNTY.  —  President, 
E  B.  EDWARDS,  B.A.,  LL.B.,  K.C,, 
Peterborough.  Secretary-Treasurer,  D. 
WALKER,  B.A.,  Peterborough. 

PRINCE  EDWARD  COUNTY.— President, 
M.  CURRIE,  B.A.,  M.B.,  Picton. 

SIMCOE  COUNTY. — President,  DONALD 
Ross,  B.A.,  LL.B.,  Barrie,  Ont;  Secre- 
tary-Treasurer, A.  F.  HUNTER,  M.A., 
Earrie1,  Ont 

VICTORIA  COUNTY. — President,  J.  C. 
HARSTONE,  B.A.,  Lindsay,  Ont.  Secre- 
tary-Treasurer, Miss  E.  G.  FLAVELLE, 
B.A.,  Lindsay,  Ont 

WATERLOO  COUNTY. — President,  His 
HONOUR  JUDGE  CHISHOLM,  Berlin,  Ont. 
Secretary-Treasurer,  REV.  W.  A.  BRAD- 
LEY, B.A.,  Berlin,  Ont. 

WELLINGTON  COUNTY,  ONT.  —  Presi- 
dent, WM.  TYTLER,  B.A.,  Guelph,  Ont 
Secretary-Treasurer,  R.  L.  MCKINNON, 
B.A.,  LL.B.,  Guelph,  Ont. 

WENTWORTH  COUNTY  GRADUATES' 
ASSOCIATION. — President,  J.  CHISHOLM, 
B.A.,  Hamilton,  Ont.  Secretary- 
Treasurer.  J.  T.  CRAWFORD,  B.A.,  Ham- 
ilton, Ont. 


22 


UKEVEKSITY  OF  TOKONTO  MONTHLY 


Recent  Faculty  Publications. 

W.  J.  Alexander,  B.A.,  Ph.D.,  Uni- 
versity College-  "The  Aim  and  Re- 
sults of  Plato's  Theaetetus,"  an  ar- 
ticle contributed  to  "Studies  in  Hon- 
our of  Professor  Gildersleeve,"  writ- 
ten by  his  old  pupils  and  published  by 
the  Johns  Hopkins  University  Press, 
1S01. 

"  Selections  from  Coleridge  and 

Wordsworth,"  edited,  with  introduc- 
tion, notes,  etc.,  for  the  use  of  schools. 
Toronto.  The  Copp-Clark  Co.,  Limited, 
1902. 

F.  B.  Allan,  M.A.,  Ph.D.,  University 
of  Toronto,  "  The  Sulphates  of  Bis- 
muth," in  the  "  American  Chemical 
Journal,"  1901. 

W.  H.  Ellis,  M.A.,  M.B.,  University 
of  Toronto,  "  Anthraxolite  from  Hud- 
son's Bay,"  read  before  the  Royal  So- 
ciety of  Canada,  May,  1902. 

George  A.  Peters,  M.B.,  F.R.C.S., 
Eng.,  University  of  Toronto.  ''New 
and  Original  Method  of  Making  Casts," 
"  British  Medical  Journal,"  September 
3rd,  1898. 

"  Diseases  of  the  Rectum  and 

Anus,"  Warren  &  Gold's  "  Interna- 
tional Textbook  of  Surgery."  W.  B 
Saundefs,  Phila.,  1900. 

"  Hydatid  Cyst  of  the  Tail  of 

the  Pancreas,"  "Canadian  Practitioner 
and  Review,"  February,  1901. 

— (1)  "  Transplantation  of  the 
Ureters  into  the  Rectum  by  an  Extra- 
peritoneal  Method  for  Exstrophy  of 
the  Bladder."  (2)  "  New  Operation 
for  Procidentia  Recti,"  "  British  Medi- 
cal Journal,"  June  22nd,  1901. 

"  A  new  Wrench  for  use  in  the 

Correction  of  Stubborn  Deformities," 
"  Canadian  Journal  of  Medicine  and 
Surgery,"  December,  1901. 

"  A  New    Method    of    Cutting 

Urinary  Calculi."  (2)  ''A  Case  of 
Unusually  Large  Calculus  removed  by 
Suprapubic  Section,"  "  Canadian  Prac- 
titioner and  Review,"  January,  1902. 

"  A  Case  of  Dilatation  of  the 

Oesophagus  without  Intrinsic  Steno- 
sis." (2)  "Removal  of  Foreign  Body 
from  the  Oesophagus."  "  Canada 
Lancet,"  March,  1902. 

.    "  The  Telephonic  Properties  of 

the  Inflamed  Abdomen.  A  Sign,  not 
hitherto  Described,  due  to  Paralysis 
of  the  Bowel  in  Peritonitis,"  <'  Domin- 


ion Medical  Association,  Montreal, 
September,  1902. 

F.  N.  G.  Starr,  M.B'.,  University  of 
Toronto,  "  The  Passing  of  the  Sur- 
geon," in  the  "  Canadian  Journal  of 
Medicine  and  Surgery,"  Toronto,  and 
in  the  "Canadian  Practitioner  and  Re- 
view.—"The  Life  of  Dr.  W.T.  Aikins," 
in  the  "University  of  Toronto  Monthly," 
April,  1902. 

F.  Tracy,  B.A.,  PhJX,  University  of 
Toronto,  "  Theories  of  Knowledge  in 
Relation  to  Teaching,"  in  Proceedings 
of  the  Ontario  Educational  Associa- 
tion, 1902.  Review  of  Wobbermmn's 
"  Theologie  und  Metaphysik,  Das  Ver- 
haltnis  der  Theologie  zur  Modernen 
Erkenntnistheorie  und  Psychologic," 
5n  the  "  American  Journal  of  The- 
ology," April,  1902. 

George  M.  Wrong,  M.A.,  University 
of  Toronto,  "  Review  of  Historical 
Publications  relating  to  Canada,"  Vol. 
VI.  Toronto,  March,  1902. 


Prof.  Chapman's  Verse. 

A  Drama  of  Two  Lives,  The  Snake- 
Witch,  A  Canadian  Summer-Night, 
and  Other  Poems,  by  E.  J.  Chapman, 
late  of  the  University  of  Toronto, 
Canada.  London:  Regan,  Paul,  Trench, 
Triibner  and  Co.,  1899. 

In  the  interesting  sketch  of  Profes- 
sor Chapman  contributed  by  Dr.  Ellis 
to  the  last  number  of  the  MONTHLY, 
some  reference  was  made  to  the  poetic 
work  of  this  many-sided  veteran.  As 
Professor  Chapman  is  probably  least 
known  to  our  readers  in  this  aspect 
of  his  career,  it  may  not  be  amiss  to 
give  some  fuller  account  of  his  poems 
which,  since  his  retirement  from  the 
University,  have  been  collected  in  the 
very  handsome  volume  whose  title 
page  is  quoted  above.  It  consists  of 
the  three  longer  poems  enumerated  in 
the  title,  and  of  some  half-dozen 
shorter  pieces  of  a  miscellaneous  char- 
acter. 

The  Drama  of  Two  Lives,  a  poem 
which,  under  the  name  of  East  and 
West,  appeared  in  the  Canadian  Maga- 
zine, is  a  tragic  love  story  indicated 
rather  than  told  through  the  depict- 
ing of  two  contrasted  dramatic  scenes, 
one  in  a  western  mining  camp  among 
the  mountains,  the  other  in  a  lordly 
mansion  in  the  South  of  England.  The? 
versification  and  general  character  of 
the  piece  recall  the  manner  of  Scott, 


TOROXTOXENSIA. 


23 


and  the  author  shows  here,  as  else- 
where, the  command  of  a  fluent  and 
picturesque  style,  and  of  a  facile  and 
graceful  melody. 

The  Snake-Witch  will  be  found  the 
most  interesting,  as  it  is  certainly  the 
most  daring  of  our  author's  achieve- 
ments; for  he  here  attempts  to  fur- 
nish a  conclusion  to  Coleridge's  frag- 
ment, Christabel.  We  will  not  attempt, 
by  a  clumsy  analysis',  to  indicate  the 
ingenious  solution  of  the  much  can- 
vassed mystery  which  Professor  Chap- 
man works  out  in  the  Snake-Witch:  it 
is,  however,  a  completely  independent 
one,  as  the  writer  was  at  the  time  of 
the  composition  of  the  poem,  unac- 
quainted with  the  scheme  for  the 
completion  of  Christabel,  with  which 
Coleridge  himself  is  credited.  In  the 
Snake-Witch,  as  throughout  his  work, 
Professor  Chapman  is  mainly  descrip- 
tive, and  is  especially  successful  with 
scenes  in  nature.  The  following  may 
serve  as  an  example:  — 

With  hurrying  steps  and  reeling  brain 
We  reached  our  tether'd  steeds  again, 
And  swiftly  mounting  urged  our  flight 
Across  the  blackness  of  the  night, 
Whilst,  all  around,  the  rising  sea 
Swept  o'er  the  land  unceasingly 
Before     the     storm-blast's     gathering 

sway. 

The  bellowing  thunder  roll'd  alway, 
And  in  the  lightning's  livid  sheen, 
A  moment's  space  the  'wildering  scene 
Stood  out  in  strange  and  spectral  line, 
Till    dropp'd   the    night's     dark    pall 

anew. 

We  rode  and  rode,  but  as  we  pass'd 
Beyond  the  flooded  land  at  last, 
And    gain'd    the    sheltering    hills — we 

turn'd . 

And  Tryermaine's  tall  towers  discern' d 
Pale  in  the  lightning's  passing  gleam, 
And   all   beyond,   the    broad    black   sea 
Swung  dark  and  desolate.  The  scream 
Of  storm-blown  sea-birds,  savagely, 
Across  the  darkness  drifted  by, 
And  in  the  lurid  quivering  flame 
(As  ever  anew  the  lightning  came 
In  blinding  glare  o'er  sea  and  sky) 
A  world  of  waters  foam'd  and  flash'd 
Along  the  shore — and  rearing  high, 
Rolled  in  upon  the  land,  and  dash'd 
In  thunder  through  the  castle  walls! 
The  light  a  moment  redly  shone, 
A  moment  more,  and  all  were  gone. 

Perhaps,  however,  the  Canadian 
reader  will  turn  with  greatest  pleasure 


to  the  next  poem,  which,  in  a  number 
of  lyrics,  gives  a  series  of  pictures  of 
Canadian  scenery  on  a  summer  night 
as  observed  from  the  vantage  of  a 
swiftly  gliding  canoe.  We  may  quote 
number  III.:  — 

Still   calls   and    calls   the   Whip-poor- 
will, 

From   darkening   shore   and   shadowy 

hill, 

Its  crjr  forlorn  comes  faintly  still. 
But  surging  through  that  plaintive  cry 
Out  of  the  dark  woods,  drearily. 
A  wilder  sound  is  wafted  by, 
It     dies,    and    then    the    night's    low- 
moan — • 

Soft  as  a  voice  from  worlds  unknown, 
In  dim  dreams  heard— is  heard  alone! 
Till  comes  the  owl's  weird  cry  anew, 
Piercing  the  dark  pine-forest  through, 
With  its  long  too-hoo!  too-hoo! 

The  "  other  poems  "  include  a  hum- 
orous skit  upon  enthusiasts  for  the 
doctrine  of  the  descent  of  man  from 
humbler  organic  forms,  several  short 
love  lyrics,  and  some  descriptive 
pieces;  but  our  quotations  must  cease, 
and  we  will  leave  the  reader  to  make 
the  acquaintance  of  these  in  the  vol- 
ume itself. 


Reminiscences   of    1859. 
W.     HOLCOMB. 

I  first  knew  University  College  in 
1855.  Though  I  had  received  a  good 
common  school  education,  which  had 
been  supplemented  by  two  years  in  a 
New  York  State  county  academy,  and 
a  cramming  process  of  a  few  months 
with  a  special  master  at  Gait,  I  was 
poorly  prepared  to  take  my  place  in. 
competition  with  the  Upper  Canada 
College  boys,  or  those  "  coming  up  " 
from  Mr.  Tassie's  school  at  Gait,  and 
others.  I  was,  however,  considerably 
gifted  with  a  style  of  American  ora- 
tory of  that  day,  now  much  out  of 
fashion,  and  could  handle  fairly  welt 
Fourth  of  July  and  "  Give  me  liberty 
or  give  me  death "  oratory.  I  was 
more  at  ease  soaring  with  the  Ameri- 
can eagle  than  delving  in  the  examin- 
ation room. 

The  growth  of  the  University,  with 
its  facilities  and  improvements,  has, 
I  believe,  kept  pace  with  the  growth 
of  your  country  from  the  provinces  of 
those  days  to  the  length  and  breadth 
Qf  your  great  Dominion.  In  those 


"24 


UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 


•days  James  Ross,  a  student  from  an 
almost  unknown  land,  journeyed  wifh 
an  ox  cart  from  St.  Anthony's  Falls  to 
his  home,  Fort  Garry;  now  palace  cars 
l-ear  the  luxurious  traveller  from  St. 
Paul  to  Winnipeg. 

Admitted  to  the  privileges  of  the 
University,  though  gifted  with  more 
patience  than  bodily  or  mental  fitness 
for  the  work,  my  degrees  of  B.A.  in 
1859,  of  M.A.  in  1860,  LL.B.  in  1862, 
followed  in  due  course.  Articled,  in- 
dentured, or  apprenticed  (I  have  the 
document  yet),  to  my  friend  Thomas 
Hodgins,  I  was  given  a  prominent 
place  in  one  of  the  largest  offices  in 
your  city  by  his  becoming  a  member  of 
the  firm  of  Patterson  &  Harrison,  and 
had  the  advantage  of  considerable 
knowledge  of  professional  men  in  the 
Provinces.  Arthur  Hardy,  your  late 
Premier,  came  down  from  Brantford 
into  the  Chancery  Department  of  the 
office;  John  Bain  was  commencing  his 
Chancery  work.  Both  have  passed 
away. 

In  1863,  having  perhaps  a  rather 
furious  attack  of  "  big  head,"  I  went 
to  New  York.  That  complaint  is 
rather  a  common  disease  in  graduat- 
ing classes.  It  is  usually  cured  by  tne 
"  cupping  "  and  "  leeches  "  of  the  re- 
alities in  after  years. 

I  knew  in  New  York  one  person,  but 
went  to  the  city  with  some  fortunate 
letters  of  introduction,  and  with  a 
pocket-hook  that  the  '<•  elephant  "  had 
flattened.  I  received  much  assistance 
in  law  matters  from  Canadian  attor- 
neys, and  fared  sometimes  better  and 
sometimes  worse  than  Canadians  who 
•went  to  New  York  at  that  time.  After 
thirteen  years  of  residence  there,  I 
came  to  Grand  Rapids,  to  the  home 
and  business  interests  of  my  father. 

My  recollection  of  the  College 
faculty  is  most  pleasing  and  grateful. 
Dr.  McCaul,  the  President,  kind  and 
considerate,  made  his  visitor  at  home 
in  his  room  and  elsewhere  encouraged 
him.  Thel  student  was  aided  in  his 
work  by  the  other  professors  in  the 
different  manners  of  each,  and  never, 
I  believe,  were  harshness  and  indiffer- 
ence1 experienced  at  their  hands.  The 
President  was  perhaps  reasonably 
proud  of  his  well  recognized  power  as 
an  orator. 

The  memory  is  fresh  of  Dr.  Daniel 
Wilson,  who,  from  his  store,  told  us 


much  of  the  Elizabethan  age,  and  of 
the  Lake  School  of  poets,  and  the  like, 
with  the  tendency  to  slide  into  Scot- 
tish archaeology  and  the  Wallace,  tne 
Bruce  and  the  kings  and  queens  and 
poets  of  his  countrymen. 

There  was  Chapman  in  Geology, 
Cherriman  in  Mathematics,  Croft  in 
Chemistry,  Forneri  in  Modern  Lan- 
guages, Hincks  telling  all  about  tne 
Vertebrata  and  the  Mollusca  and  Ra- 
diata  and  Articulata,  and  other  data; 
a  pleasant  old  gentleman,  but  without 
an  easy  facial  expression, 

Dr.  Beaven,  a  clergyman  of  the  old 
school,  had  the  department  of  Meta- 
physics and  Ethics.  Under  his  direc- 
tion we  "  trekked  "  from  the  Pytha- 
goreans. I  use  that  word  recently 
peculiar  to  the  "  Dark  Continent,"  as 
it  was  a  dark  country  through  tne 
philosophy  of  the  ancient  and  modern 
times  in  all  its  philosophical  lanes, 
alleys,  sidings  and  switches,  from  tne 
main  lines  which  the  ingenuity  of  man 
had  suggested.  Through  such  dark 
ways  of  the  equal  certainty  of  the  doc- 
trines of  the  Necessity  and  Free  Will; 
of  the  Subjective  and  the  Objective; 
of  the  Ego  and  the  Non-ego,  we  came 
into  the  days  of  German  philosophy, 
enlivened  by  Kant  on  Pure  Reason, 
and  the  other  fellows,  whose  teachings 
can  be  more  easily  forgotten  because 
they  never  were  understood. 

Dr.  Beaven  was  a  kind,  sedate  old 
gentleman,  who  drove  a  white  horse 
and  a  two-seated  carriage  painted 
black. 

Dr.  Buckland,  in  Agriculture,  ends 
the  list  of  professors,  if  I  do  not  in- 
clude the  little  short-legged  King, 
styled  Rex,  who  presided  in  the  lower 
halls. 

I  will  not  give  you  the  trouble  to 
read,  I  doubt  whether  I  have  the  time 
to  talk  of  the  college  and  students  of 
these  days;  but,  on  the  whole,  I  have 
nothing  but  commendation  for  moral 
lives  and  right  purposes  and  earnest 
desire  of  each  to  be  a  credit  to  himself 
and,  as  a  college  man,  an  honour  to 
the  University. 

I  do  not  recall  an  open  quarrel,  and, 
with  an  occasional  exception,  only  a 
knightly  rivalry  for  the  honours  of  the 
schools.  There  was  no  hazing  or 
brutal  treatment  of  the  new  suiuent, 
but  rather  a  desire  to  aid  and  make 
him  welcome  in  the  new  surroundings, 
in  contrast  with  the  customs  of  many 
American  colleges,  but  not  in  contrast, 


TOKOXTOXENSIA. 


25 


I  hope,  with  the  customs  of  your  pre- 
sent college  men.  There  was  but 
little  mischief,  and  that  innocent  only. 
I  recall  an  incident,  that  of  a  cow  of 
ambitious  aspirations,  which,  with 
considerable1  assistance,  mounted  tne 
tower  stairs,  whence  she  was  removed 
in  the  morning  to  more  agreeable  pas- 
tures. What  she  thought  of  the  jour- 
ney will  never  be1  known.  Whether 
to  her  facilis  descensus,  etc.,  was  made 
agreeable,"  and  to  ascend  by  the  weak- 
ly stairs  the  upper  regions  was  tne 
greater  work  or  labour,  will  never  be 
told,  for  she  has  lost  her  cud — she  is 
dead. 

I  can  take  space  to  recall  but  a  few 
names:  Thomas  Moss,  Rattray,  Sul- 
livan, Tassie,  Lome  McDougall,  Fitch, 
Ross  of  the  North-west;  C.  D.  Paul 
of  Chicago;  Boyd,  Mitchell  and  others; 
and  to  make  mention  of  the  Literary 
Society  where  J.  D.  Edgar,  E.  B.  Osier, 
J.  G.  Scott,  and  others  were  prominent. 
1  may  not  tell  of  the  days  when  the 
Grumbler  and  Momas  were  sent  out 
weekly  from  Wyman's. 

To  many  of  these  the  Reaper  has 
come,  as  he  comes  to  all,  cutting  tne 
stalk  well-ripened,  leaving  worthy 
memories.  If  spared  another  year,  i 
hope  to  meet  some  whom  I  knew,  wfio 
shall  have  been  likewise1  blessed  with 
further  opportunities  of  worthy  lives. 


Graduates  in  Arts,   1884. 

J.  M.  Balderson,  B.A.,  is  a  barrister 
and  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Matheson 

&    Balderson,    Perth,    Ont. A,     R. 

Bartlett,  B.A.,  is  a  barrister  in  Wind- 
sor, Ont.,  and  a  member  of  the  firm  of 
Clarke,  Cowan,  Bartlett  &  Bartlett. 

E.  W.  H.  Blake,  B.A.,  is  a  partner" 

in  the  firm  of  Blake,  Lash  &  Cassels, 
snd  lives  at  94  St.  George  St.,  Toronto. 

— T.  C.  Boville,  B.A.,  is  in  the  Civil 

Service,  Ottawa,  Ont. J.  H.  Bowes, 

B.A.,  lately  of  the  firm  of  Bowes  & 
Wragge,  Nelson,  B.C.,  is  now  prac- 
tising law  in  Dawson  City,  Y.  T. 

— W.  I.  Bradley,  B.A.,  is  a  gradu- 
ate of  McGill  in  Medicine,  and  a 
pracising  physician  at  190  Theodore 

St.,  Ottawa, -Ont. S.  W.  Broad,  B.A. 

(Ob.),  died  a  few  months  after  gradua- 
tion. He  had  entered  upon  the  study 
of  law  in  an  office  at  Lindsay.  J.  F. 
Brown,  B.A.,  practiced  medicine  for 
some  years  in  Australia  and  is  now  in 
practice  at  Barrow,  Bury  St.  Edmunds 
Suffolk,  England. A.  W.  Burt,  B.A  ' 


who  was  principal  of  the  Brockville 
collegiate  institute  for  some  years,  is 
now  principal  of  the  Brantford  colle- 
giate institute. G.  F.  Cane,  B.A.,  is  a 

barrister  in  Vancouver,  B.C. H.  J. 

Cosgrove,  B.A.,  (Ob.),  studied  and  prac- 
tised law  in  Nebraska,  and  had  estab- 
lished a  large  and  lucrative  business 
there.  He1  had  taken  a  prominent 
part  in  politics,  and  was  a  personal 
friend  and  active  supporter  of  his  fel- 

.  low-townsman,   W.   J.   Bryan. John 

Coutts,  B.A.,  is  a  barrister  in  Thames- 

ville,  Ont. G.  H.  Cowan,  B.A.,  is  a 

barrister  in  Vancouver,  B.C.,  and 
senior  member  of  the  lirm  of  Cowan, 

Kappelle  &  McEvoy. Jas.   Cuth- 

bert,  B.A.,   is  farming  near  Ingersoll, 

Ont. Hugh     Davidson,     B.A.,     is     a 

teacher  in   the   Newcastle,   Ont.,   high 

school. F.    A.    Drake,     B.A.,     is    a 

barrister   practising   in   Toronto   at   9 

Toronto    St. C.     F.     Durand,     B.A., 

M.B.  '87,  is  a  practising  physician  in 

Buffalo,     N.Y. J.     C.    Fields,    B.A., 

received  his  Ph.D.  degree  from 
Johns  Hopkins  for  original  research 
in  (Mathematics.  He  has  been  a  stu- 
dent of  Higher  Mathematics  in  Ger- 
man and  French  Universities  for  the 
past  six  years  and  has  recently  been 
appointed  to  the  staff  of  his  Alma 
Mater  as  Lecturer  in  Mathematics,  He 
has  published  a  number  of  important 

papers. Rev.   W.  A.   Frost,  B.A.,  is 

an  Anglican  clergyman  in  Baltimore, 

Md. J.   B.   Gamble,   B.A.,   M.B.,   '89, 

is    a    physician    at    375    Colborne    St., 

Brantford,   Ont. R.   A.   Gray,   B.A., 

is  mathematical  master  in  the  Jarvis 
St.  Collegiate  Institute,  Toronto.  He 
is  an  associate  of  the  Institute  of 

Actuaries,      London,     Eng. Milton 

Haight,  B.A.  (Ob),  was  for  several 
years  professor  of  mathematics  in  a 
Japanese1  college  at  Tokyo.  He  re- 
turned to  Canada,  and  was  for  a  short 
time  mathematical  master  in  Strath- 

roy    collegiate    institute. Rev.    A. 

Hamilton,     B.A.,    is    a    Presbyterian 

clergyman    in    Boissevain,     Man. 

T.  M.  Hardie,  B.A.,  M.B.,  '88,  is  a 
physician  at  34  Washington  St., 

Chicago,     111. The     Honorable1    A. 

Henderson,  B.A.,  K.C.,  was  called 
to  the  Ontario  bar,  but  has  prac- 
tised for  seven  years  at  New  West- 
minster, B.C.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  British  Columbia  Legislature 
and  Attorney-General  of  the  Province. 


26 


UNIVERSITY  OF  TOKONTO  MONTHLY 


He    is    now    a    County    Judge    and 

resides   at   Vancouver,    B.C. G.    W. 

Holmes,  B.A.,  is  a  barrister  and  a 
member  of  the  firm  of  Holmes  &  Gre- 
gory, 44  Canada  Life  Bldg.,  Toronto. 
Rev.  C.  C.  Kemp,  B.A.,  is  a  clergy- 
man in  Clinton,  Mich. K.  J.  Leslie 

died  in  Toronto  within  a  few  weeks 
after  the  completion  of  his  law  course 

in  the  city  and  his  call  to  the  bar. 

J  G.  Little,  B.A.,  is  principal  of  the 
collegiate  institute  at  Ridgetown, 
Ont. R.  A.  Little,  B.A.,  is  clas- 
sical master  in  the  London  collegiate 

institute. •  A.    F.    May,    B.A.,    is    a 

member  of  the  law  firm  of  Gemmill  & 
May,  Carleton  Chams.,  Ottawa,  Ont. 

— Rev.  A.  C.  Miles,  B.A.,  is  an  Angli- 
can clergyman  in  Creemore,   Ont. 

W.  G.  Milligan,  B.A.,  is  ottice  super- 
intendent of  the  post  office,  Toronto. 

— C.  W.  Mulloy,  B.A.,  is  head  master 
of    the    Aurora    high    school,  Aurora. 

— T.    J.    Mulvey,    B.A.,    K.C.,    is    a 
barrister   at   2    Toronto   St.,   Toronto. 

J.  McGillawee,  B.A.,  M.B.,  '88,  is  a 

physician  in  Berlin,  Ont. John  Mc- 

Gillivray,  B.A.  (Ob.);  John  McGil- 
livray  obtained  his  B.D.  degree  at 
Knox  College,  and  was  for  several 
years  minister  of  Melville  Presby- 
terian church,  Westmount,  Que. N. 

McEachern,    B.A.,    is    in    Toronto. 

Rev.  W.  J.  McKenzie,  B.A.,  is  a  Baptist 

clergyman,    Stratford,    Ont. W.    P. 

McKenzie,  B.A.,  is  a  reader,  1st  Church 
of  Christ  (Scientist),  Boston,  Mass.  He 
has  published  a  volume  of  poems  and 
is  a  contributor  to  American  magazines 
A.  M.  Mac,Mechan,  B.A.,  is  Profes- 
sor of  English  at  Dalhousie  Univer- 
sity, Halifax,  N.S. Rev.  D.  G.  Mc- 
Queen, B.A.,  is  a  Presbyterian  clergy- 
man at  Edmonton,  Alta. J.  M.  Mc- 

Whinney,  B.A.,  retired  from  the  prac- 
tice of  law  in  Chatham  to  become 
secretary  of  the  Synod  of  Huron.  He 
has  lately  been  appointed  assistant 
manager  of  the  Union  Trusts  Co.,  and 

has  moved  to  Toronto. J.  A.  Page, 

B.A.,  is  practising  law  in  Brockville, 

Ont. A.     D.     Passmore,     B.A.,    was 

a  master  at  Upper  Canada  College, 
and  is  now  living  in  Winnipeg,  Man. 

— C.    Potter,    B.A.,    is    a   teacher    in 

Watford.  Ont. -H.  O.  E.  Pratt,  B.A., 

is  a  barrister.  343  Nepeau  St.,  Ottawa, 

Ont. Neil  Robertson.  B.A.,  who  was 

classical  master  in  the  Perth  and 
principal  of  the  Smith'*  Falls  collegi- 


ate institutes,  has  retired  from  teach- 
ing and  lives  near  Innisyille,  Ont. — 
T.  C.  Robinette,  B.A.,  LL.B.,  '87,  K.C., 
is  a  barrister  in  Toronto,  and  senior 
member  of  the    firm    of    Robinette  & 

Godfrey. J.  W.  Roswell,  B.A.,  was 

called  to  the  bar  and  practised  in  To- 
ronto. He  was  advertising  manager 
for  The  Sun  Printing  Co.,  and  is  now 
organizer  for  the  Independent  Order 

of    Foresters,     Toronto .  Rev.     G. 

Sale,  B.A.,  is  a  Baptist  clergyman, 
and  principal  of  a  college  at  Atlanta, 

Ga. W.    Harley    Smith.    B.A.,    M.B., 

'88,  is  a  physician  at  256  Spadina  Ave., 
Toronto,  and  is  Italian  consul  for 

Toronto. R.   K.    Sproule,   B.A.,   was 

called  to  the  Ontario  bar,  but  is  now  a 

broker,    37    Yonge    St.,    Toronto. A. 

Stevenson,  B.A.,  is  a  barrister  in 
Peterborough,  Ont.  He  has  been  a 
member  of  the  firm  of  Dennistoun  & 

Stevenson    since    1888. W.    J.    J . 

Twohey,   B.A.,   is   classical   master  in 
the    Chatham,    Ont.,    collegiate    insti- 
tute.  E.    F.   Waterhouse   is   a   dry- 
goods  merchant  in  Ingersoll,  Ont. — 
Rev.  W.   C.   Weir,   B.A.,  is  a  Baptist 

clergyman,  Carleton  Place,  Ont. C. 

Whetham,   M.A.,   '85,   is   a  teacher   in 

Whannock,    B.C. E.  S.  Wigle,  B.A., 

is  a  barrister  in  Windsor,  Ont. J. 

McGregor  Young,  B.A.,  is  Professor  of 
Constitutional  and  International  Law. 
in  the  University  of  Toronto,  a  Lec- 
turer in  the  Law  School  of  Ontario, 
and  a  member  of  the  law  firm  of 
Dewart,  Young  &  Maw. 

The  addresses  of  the  following  are 
unknown:  —  Andrew  Beattie,  B.A. ; 
John  Simpson,  M.A.,  '87;  Herbert  R. 
Wood,  B.A. 


Graduates    of    School    of   Practical 
Science,  1899. 

T.   Barber  is  in  the  employ  of  the 
Georgian  Foundry,  Meaford,   Ont. — 
J.  T.  M.  Burnside,  B.A.  Sc.,  is  an  officer 
in  the  West  African  Constabulary. — 
L.  B.  Chubbuck,  B.A.  Sc.,  is  with  the 
Westinghouse  Electric  Co.,   Pittsburg, 

Pa. G.  A.  Clothier  is  pn  the  staff  of 

the  St.  Eugene  Construction  and  Mill- 
ing Co.,  Moyie,  B.C. C.  Cooper  is  in 

Carlyle,    Assa. •  R.    W.    Coulthard, 

B.A.  Sc.,  is  assistant  geologist  Crow's 

Nest  Pass  Coal  Co.,  Fernie,  B.C. J. 

A.  Craig,  B.A.  Sc.,  is  fellow  in  Mechan- 
ical Engineering  in  the  School  of  Prac- 
tical Science,  Toronto. J.  C.  Elliott 


TORONTONEjSTSIA. 


27 


is    at    the    Mother    Lode   Mine,    Bella 

Bella,  B.C. W.  E.  Forman,  B.A.  Sc., 

is  with  the  Westinghouse  Electric  Mfg. 

Co.,  Pittsburg,  Pa. E.  Guy,  B.A.  Sc., 

is  with  the  Westinghouse  Electric  & 

Mfg.     Co.,     Pittsburg,     Pa. W.     A. 

Hare,  B.A.  Sc.,  is  engineer  to  the 
Rhodes,  Curry  &  Co.,  Limited,  Am- 

hert,   N.S. R.   Latham,  B.A.   Sc.,   is 

on  the  staff  of  the  T.,  H.  &  B.  railway, 

Hamilton,  Ont. W.  Monds,  B.A.  Sc., 

is  demonstrator  in  Mechanical  En- 
gineering, School  of  Practical  Science, 

Toronto. J.   Patterson,   B.A.,   '00,  is 

an  1851  Exhibition  Science  scholar  at 
the  University  of  Cambridge,  Cam- 
bridge, England. A.  S.  Pope,  B.A 

Sc.,  is  on  the  staff  of  the  Canadian 
General  Electric  Co.,  Peterborough, 

Ont. E.  Richards,  B.A.  Sc.,  is  with 

the      Toronto      Electric     Light     Co., 

Toronto. G.  A.  Saunders  is  with  the 

General  Electric  Co.,  Schenectady,  N.Y. 

— T.   Shanks,  B.A.   Sc.,  D.L.S.,  is  in 

the     Topographical     Surveys     Branch, 

Dept.  of  the  Interior,  Ottawa,  Ont. 

D.  C.  Tennant,  B.A.  Sc.,  is  with  the  Do- 
minion Bridge  Co.,  Montreal,  Que. 

W.  W.  Van  Every  is  with  the  Lacka- 
wanna   Iron   and   Steel   Co.,   Lebanon, 

Pa. G.   H.  Watt  is  on  the  staff  of 

the    Topographical     Surveys    Branch, 
Dept.   of  Interior,  Ottawa,  Ont. W. 

E.  Wagner,  B.A.  Sc.,   is  in  charge  of 
the  Construction  of  the  electric  light 
plant    for    Orillia    at    Severn    Bridge, 

Ont. E.  Yeates  is  on  the  staff  of  the 

London    Machine    Tool    Co.,    London, 
Cut. 


1856. 

Thos.  Beatty,  M.D.;  W.  A.  Castle- 
man,  M.D.;  Clark  Caughell,  ,M.D.; 
Henry  Edwards,  M.D.;  Byron  Frank- 
lin, M.D.;  Easton  Hawksworth,  M.D.; 
Edwin  Price,  M.D. 

1857. 

T.  M.  Bailey,  M.D.;  C.  V.  Berriman, 
M.D.;  Wm.  C.  Carson,  M.D.;  John  \v. 
Corson,  M.D.;  J.  Dixon,  M.D.;  J.  Don- 
nely.  M.D.;  W.  B.  Gowans,  M.D.;  H. 
R.  Haney,  M.D.;  Reuben  I.  Hickey, 
M.D.;  D.  C.  Mclntyre,  M.D.;  F.  Prit- 
chard,  M.D.;  John  Reeve,  M.D.;  Alex. 
Thomson,  M.D. 

1858. 

Wm.  Anderson,  M.D.;  John  De'Evy- 
lin,  M.D.;  H.  C.  Fleak,  M.D.;  Lewis 
G.  Langstaff,  M.D.;  P.  M.  Mann,  M.D.; 
W.  J.  Mason,  M.D.;  Jas.  McKay,  M.D.; 
P.  Newkirk,  M.D.;  Wm.  Pipe,  M.U.; 
J.  B.  Rounds,  M.D.;  Wm.  Schoefiela, 
M.D. 

1859. 

John  Burtch,  M.D.;  Peter  Davidson, 
M.D.;  Geo.  Fitzsimmons,  M.D.;  Ed.  H. 
Gates,  M.D.;  Jas.  Johnson,  M.D. ; 
Johnathan  W.  Marlatt,  M.D.;  F.  D. 
Stevenson,  M.D.;  Alex.  Stewart,  M.D.; 
John  W.  Walden,  M.D. 

1860. 

Jas.  Bain,  M.D.;  John  Clements, 
M.D.:  John  Harvey,  M.D.;  Rich.  Luna, 
jtt.D.;  Wm.  H.  Miller.  M.D.;  M.  B.  Mc- 
Causland,  M.D.;  Ed.  W.  McGuire.  M.D.; 
Geo.  A.  Norriss.  M.D. ;  Chas.  Onelett, 
M.D.;  Bennett  Richards,  M.D.;  Eltham 
Wood,  M.D. 


Medicine. 

The  addresses  of  the  following  grad- 
uates in  Medicine  are  unKnown  and 
information  with  regard  to  any  of 
them  will  be  gratefully  received. 

1849. 
Robt.  G.  Westropp,  B.A.,  '48,  M.B. 

1853. 

Cyrus  Bass,  M.D.;  Humphrey  Des- 
mond, M.B. ;  Clarkson  Freeman,  M.D. 

1855. 

John  Bentley,  M.D.;  Geo.  W.  Bing- 
ham,  M.D.;  Francis  Bull,  M.D.;  Denis 
W.  Campbell,  M.D.;  John  G.  Grey, 
M.D.;  Peter  Newark,  M.D.;  A  J.  Park, 
M.D.,  James  Stimson,  M.D.;  Stephen 
A.  Scott,  M.D. 


Robert    Baldwin,    B.A. 

On  Sunday,  August  17th,  a  good 
and  worthy  citizen  passed  when 
Robert  Baldwin  fell  asleep.  Death 
was  to  him  a  happy  release  from 
a  long  period  of  suffering  borne 
with  genuine  Christian  fortitude.  Ma- 
triculating from  Upper  Canada  Col- 
lege in  1882,  he  served  his  country  in 
the  North- West  Rebellion  of  1885  as  a 
private  in  the  old  University  Company 
of  the  Queen's  Own  Rifles,  and  in  the 
hardships  of  that  wintry  campaign  his 
constitution  was  undermined.  He 
graduated  from  University  College 
with  his  two  brothers,  Dr.  William 
Warren  Baldwin  and  Rev.  J.  Mac- 
queen  Baldwin  in  the  class  of  1886, 
entering  at  once  on  the  study  of  law, 


28 


UNIVEESITY  OF  TOKONTO  MONTHLY. 


and  was  called  to  the  Bar  in  1890.  He 
soon  gave  up  practice  and  travelled 
much  abroad  in  search  of  health,  win- 
tering in  Italy  and  the  Riviera,  and  af- 
ter a  time  in  the  famous  Black  Forest 
of  Germany,  and  in  England.  Ulti- 
mately he  gave  up  the  struggle  and 
returned  to  Canada  nearly  two  years 
ago.  Mr.  Baldwin  was  a  son  of  the 
late  Robert  Baldwin  of  Carlton  St., 
and  grandson  of  the  Hon.  Robert 
Baldwin,  a  former  Premier  of  the  old 
Province  of  Canada.  In  earlier  years 
he  evinced  a  literary  taste  and  profes- 
sional ability,  which,  had  his  health 
er.dured,  would  have  won  for  him  con- 
siderable distinction. — Edwyn  Martin. 


A.  W.  Stratton,  B.A. 

A.  W.  Stratton,  B.A.,  '87,  died  at  Gul- 
narg,  Kashir,  India,  a  short  time  ago,  at 
the  age  of  thirty-eight.  He  was  registrar 
of  the  University  of  the  Punjab  at  Lahore, 
and  filled  the  chair  of  Sanskrit  in  the  Ori- 
ental College.  For  a  time  after  graduation 
he  taught  in  the  collegiate  institute  in 
Hamilton  and  resigned  that  appointment 
to  take  a  post-graduate  course  at  John?. 
Hopkins  University,  where  he  was  made  a 
fellow  in  Sanskrit,  Greek  and  English  in 
1893,  and  received  the  degree  of  Ph.D.  in 
1895.  In  1894  he  was  additional  assistant 
in  Sanskrit  at  that  University,  and  in  1895 
he  was  appointed  associate  professor  in 
Sanskrit  at  the  University  of  Chicago.  He 
left  Chicago  for  India  in  1899  to  accept 
the  appointment  which  he  held  at  the  time 
of  his  death. 


Personals. 

Miss  L.  Cummings,  B.A.  '95,  of  the 
staff  of  St.  Margaret's  College,  To- 
ronto, spent  the  summer  in  Holland, 
and  Miss  Florence  Neelands,  B.A.  '9t>, 
of  the  same  staff,  in  Germany. 

Chas.  ],.  Barnes,  B.A..  '01,  has  been 
appointed  teacher  of  junior  English 
and  history  in  the  Toronto  Junction 
high  school.  He  succeeds  R.  B.  Page, 
B.A.  '97,  M.A.  '01,  who  has  won  a  post- 
graduate scholarship  at  Columbia  Uni- 
versity. 

Arthur  B.  Wright,  M.B.  '02,  son  or 
Adam  Wright,  B.A.  '66,  M.B.  '73.  M.ET. 
'88,  and  J.  S.  A.  Graham,  M.B.  '02,  son 
of  the  late  J.  E,  Graham,  M.B.  '69,  M.D. 
'70,  have  been  appointed  house  sur- 
geons on  the  staff  of  the  Sick  Child- 
ren's Hospital,  Toronto,  for  the  com- 
ing year. 


John  McKay,  B.A.,  '99,  who  gradu- 
ated from  the  Free  Church  College, 
Glasgow,  Scotland,  this  year,  was,  on 
Sept.  15th,  inducted  into  the  pastorate 
of  the  Crescent  Street  Presbyterian 
Church,  Montreal. 

J.  M.  Forster,  (M.D.  '86,  assistant  su- 
perintendent at  the  Asylum  for  tne 
Insane,  Kingston,  has  been  transferred 
to  the  Mimico  Asylum,  to  succeed  Win. 
C.  Barber,  M.D.  '88,  who  has  gone  to 
fill  that  position  at  the  Kingston 
Asylum. 

S.  |Morley  Wickett,  B..A.  '94,  Ph.D., 
Lecturer  in  Political  Economy  in  the 
University  of  Toronto,  has  spent  some 
weeks  this  summer  in  the  Yukon  Ter- 
ritory investigating  its  industrial  and 
commercial  development  in  the  in- 
terests of  the  Canadian  Manufacturers- 
Association. 

The  following  will  be  on  the  stafl  at 
the  Lew  Dominion  Observatory  when 
the  structure  is  completed:  Chief  as- 
tronomer, W.  F.  King,  B.A.,  '75;  astro- 
nomical assistants,  W.  M.  Tobey,  B.A. 
'00;  R.  M.  Stewart,  B.A.,  '02.  The 
latter  will  have  charge  of  the  time  ser- 
vice department. 

Geo.  A.  Scott,  B.A.  '96,  late1  assist- 
ant resident  master  at  Bishop's  uoi- 
lege  School,  Lennoxville,  Que.,  and  for 
the  past  two  years  mathematical  and 
science  master  in  Ward-Whate's 
School,  Montreal,  has  accepted  an  ap- 
pointment on  the  staff  of  Bishop  Rid- 
ley College,  St.  Catharines,  Ont. 

The  Royal  Commissioners  for  the 
Exhibition  of  1851  have  appointed  Mr. 
Wm.  C.  Bray,  B.A.  '02,  to  a  science  re- 
search scholarship  of  £150  a  year. 
They  have  also  exceptionally  renewed 
for  a  third  year,  on  account  of  excel- 
lent work,  the  scholarship  granted  in 
1900  to  John  Patterson,  B.A.,  '00. 

The  following  graduates  in  Medicine 
have  been  appointed  resident  house 
surgeons  at  the  Toronto  General  Hos- 
pital for  the  year  1902-1903:  J.  D. 
Chisholm,  M.B.  '01;  A.  B,.  Rutherford, 
M.B.  '01;  P.  W.  Saunders,  B.A.  '98, 
MB.  '02;  R.  Neil  Kyles,  B.A.  '97,  M.B. 
and  R.  H.  Mullin,  B.A.  '99,  M.B.  '02. 

Miss  Alice  M.  Willson,  B.A.  '94, 
formerly  of  Havergal  College,  To- 
ronto, has  returned  from  Paris,  France, 
where  she  obtained  a  "  certificate 
d'Etudes  Frangaises "  from  the  Sor- 
bonne,  Paris.  She  has  proceeded  to 
Winnipeg,  Man.,  to  occupy  a  position 
on  the  staff  of  Havergal  College  in 
that  city. 


TOROXTONENSIA. 


29- 


A.  W.  Hendrick,  B.A.  '97,  modern 
language  master  in  Picton,  Ont.,  hign 
school,  has  removed  to  Walla  Walla, 
Wash.,  to  be  principal  of  Whitman 
Academy  and  associate  professor  of 
English  in  Whitman  College. 

Rev.  Dr.  Caven,  principal  of  Knox 
College,  Toronto,  will  celebrate  his 
half  century  in  the  ministry  of  tne 
Presbyterian  Church  this  month.  He 
was  ordained  and  inducted  into  the 
pastoral  charge  of  St.  Mary's,  Ont.,  on 
October  7,  1852.  The  occasion  will  be 
marked  by  Knox  College  and  the 
Toronto  Presbytery. 

Rev.  A.  W.  Crawford,  B.A.  '95,  M.A. 
'98,  Ph.D.,  of  Gait,  Ont.,  has  recently 
been  appointed  professor  of  philo- 
sophy and  psychology  at  Ursinus 
College,  Collegeville,  Pa.  He  has 
spent  the  past  three  years  in  post- 
graduate work  in  the  University  of 
Cornell,  Ithaca,  N.Y. 

H.  Rushton  Fairclough,  B.A.  '83, 
M.A.  '85,  Ph.D.t  who  has  been  appoint- 
ed head  of  the  Latin  Department  in 
the  Stanford  University,  Cal.,  has  re- 
ceived a  year's  leave  of  absence,  whicn 
he  will  spend  in  Greece  and  Italy. 
Professor  Fairclough  also  retains  his 
position  as  head  of  the  Greek  depart- 
ment in  the  University. 

The  Rev.  J.  Lovell  Murray,  B.A.  '9t», 
MA.  '97,  of  St.  Catharines,  Ont.,  has 
recently  been  appointed  a  foreign  sec- 
retary of  the  International  Committee 
of  Young  Men's  Christian  Associa- 
tions, and  leaves  shortly  for  India, 
where  he  will  locate  in  Bangalore,  the 
capital  of  Mysore  Province,  to  work 
there  among  college  men. 

H.  E.  Roaf,  M.B.,  '02,  has  been  ap- 
pointed colonial  fellow  in  Bacteriology 
in  University  College,  Liverpocl.  The 
fellowship,  which  has  been  established 
only  two  years,  thus  comes  to  Toronto 
for  the  second  time,  her  candidate 
being  selected  out  of  a  large  number  of 
nominees  of  the  various  Universities. 
The  following  Alumni  having  at- 
tended the1  Royal  School  of  Infantry 
at  Toronto,  have  been  awarded  certi- 
ficates as  instructors  in  squad  and 
company  drill  and  the  manual  and  fir- 
ing exercises  for  the  Lee-Enfield  rifles: 
G.  W.  Umphrey,  B.A.  '99;  W.  H. 
Thompson,  B.A.  '00;  W.  Elmslie1,  B.A. 
'00;  G.  H.  Balls,  B.A.  '98;  and  S.  H. 
Armstrong,  formerly  of  the  class  of 
'99. 


W.  C.  Smeaton,  B.A.,  '98,  who  was 
lecture-assistant  in  Chemistry  in  the  Uni- 
versity of  Toronto  in  1897  and  1898,  has 
}ust  been  appointed  professor  of  Chemistry 
in  the  University  of  Michigan,  Ann  Arbor^ 
Michigan.  Mr.  Smeaton  has  received  an 
1851  exhibition  scholarship,  and  in  1898 
since  then  has  done  post-graduate  work  in 
the  University  of  Leipsic  under  Professor 
Ostwald. 

W.  R.  Carr,  B.A.,  '96,  has  just  been 
appointed  science  master  and  assistant 
house  master  in  Upper  Canada  College* 
Mr.  Carr  taught  in  Uxbridge  with  great 
success  until  January,  1900,  when  he  re- 
turned to  the  University  to  undertake  post- 
graduate work  in  Physics.  The  results  of 
his  researches  were  communicated  to  the 
University  in  June  last  and  were  approved 
for  the  degree  of  Ph.D. 

J.  F.  Uren,  M.D.  '90,  formerly  as- 
sistant stirgeon  at  St.  ^Michael's  Hos- 
pital, Toronto,  has  been  appointed 
senior  surgeon  as  successor  to  the  late 
I;.  M.  Sweetnam,  M.D.  '81,  and  F.  Win- 
nett,  M.D.  '89,  is  assistant  surgeon.  P. 
W.  O'Brien,  M.B.  '01,  has  been  trans- 
ferred from  the  interior  staff  to  the 
cut  patient  department,  while  H.  R. 
Parent,  M.B.  '01,  also  on  the  interior 
staff  last  year,  becomes  official  anaes- 
thetist. F.  J.  Colling,  M.B.  '01,  and 
C  S.  Wainwright,  M.B.  '01,  have  been 
appointed  to  the  staff  of  house  sur- 
geons for  the  coming  year. 


Marriages. 

Barber-Tennant  —  On  August  9th, 
Rev.  James  Barber,  B.A.  '95,  M.A.  '98, 
Forest,  Ont..  to  Miss  Adelaide  E.  Ten- 
nant,  B.A.  '97,  Toronto. 

Culbert-Askwith — In  Ottawa,  in  July, 
O.  E.  Culbert,  B.A.  '95,  to  Miss  Ask- 
with,  Ottawa,  Ont. 

Curry-Gaylord — In  Toronto.  August 
ICth,  B.  J.  Curry,  D.D.S.  '00,  Winnipeg, 
Man.,  to  Miss  O.  A.  Gaylord,  B.A. 

Findlay-Quirt— In  Toronto,  June 
25th,  Walter  A.  Findlay,  B.A.  '95,  of 
Sr  Andrew's  College,  to  Miss  Adda  M. 
Quirt,  Toronto. 

Horne-Scott— At  Tyrconnel,  Ont., 
Aug.  16th,  Judge  Home,  Windsor,  Ont., 
to  Miss  Laura  E.  Scott,  B.A.  '01. 

Knox-Crozier— On  July  16th,  at  Ash- 
burn,  Ont,  Rev.  W.  J.  Knox,  B.A.  '94, 
M.A.  '95,  to  Miss  Jean  Crozier. 


30 


UNIVEESITY  OP  TOEONTO  MONTHLY. 


Mackenzie- Vickers— In  Toronto,  Sep- 
tember 24th,  P.  E.  Mackenzie,  B.A.  '93, 
LL.B.  '95,  Rat  Portage,  Ont.,  to  Miss 
A.  S.  Vickers. 

McCallum-Andrews — At  Thornbury, 
July  3rd,  Samuel  McCallum,  M.B.  '*a, 
to  Miss  M.  E.  Andrews. 

McLeish-Beeson— At  Ottawa,  August 
28th,  J.  McLeish,  B.A.  '96,  to  Miss  E. 
L.  Beeson. 

Mclntosh-Burns — In  Toronto,  Sept. 
2nd,  John  W.  Mclntosh,  B.A.  '92,  ,M.B. 
'94,  of  Manitowaning,  Ont,  to  Miss  H. 
K.  Burns,  B.A.  '95. 

Misener-Gould  —  At  Colborne,  Ont, 
.A.  P.  Misener,  B.A.  '00,  M.A.  '01,  lec- 
turer in  Oriental  Languages,  Victoria 
University,  to  Miss  Ethel  W.  Gould, 
B.A.  '99. 

Murray-Jones — At  Hamilton,  Ont., 
August  21st,  Rev.  J.  Lovell  Murray, 
B.A.  '95,  M.A.  '97,  of  St.  Catharines,  to 
Miss  Ella  Marion  Jones,  of  Hamilton, 
Ont  , 

Pritchard-Kerr— At  Toronto,  Sep- 
tember 3rd,  the  Rev.  Henry  J.  Prit- 
chard,  B.A.  '97,  Brantford,  Ont,  to  Miss 
Mary  C.  Kerr. 

•Robinson-Bowes  —  At       Brantford, 
Ont,  July  3rd,  John  Robinson,  Hamil-  • 
ton,  to  Miss  May  Bowes,  B.A.  '95. 

Spaulding-Brown — At  Toronto,  July 
17th,  Wilbur  G.  L.  Spaulding,  D.D.S. 
-'9H,  Toronto,  to  Miss  Jessie  Brown, 
Richmond  Hill,  Ont. 

Stephens-Sutherland  —  At  Toronto, 
:L.  F.  Stephens,  B.A.  '95,  Hamilton, 
Ont.,  to  Miss  Mary  Sutherland,  B.A. 
'95. 

Treleaven-Gibbings  —  At  Clinton, 
Ont.,  August  21st,  J.  Wesley  Treleaven, 
E.A.  '91,  Almonte,  to  Miss  A.  C.  Gib- 
bings. 

Wallace-Pi tkin— On  July  24th,  M.  W. 
Wallace,  B.A.  '96,  Beloit,  Wis.,  to  Miss 
May  Pitkin. 

Young-Greenhill— At  Smith's  Falls, 
'Ont,  July  1st,  Geo.  S.  Young,  B.A.  '91, 
M.B.  '95,  Prescott,  Ont,  to  Miss  E.  E. 
Greenhill. 


Dixon— At  Hamilton,  Ont.,  August 
22nd,  James  T.  Dixon,  M.B.  '01. 

Gilmour— At  Vancouver,  B.C.,  July 
14th,  very  suddenly,  W.  A.  Gilmour, 
B.A.  '94,  LL.B.  '95. 

Gray— At  Toronto,  August  16th,  Jas. 
Gray,  formerly  of  the  ciass  of  1902  in 
Medicine. 

McMillan— At  Toronto,  July  1st, 
Alexander  McMillan  (formerly  of  tiie 
"class  of  '91). 

Moore— At  Goderich,  Ont,  A.  J. 
Moore1,  B.A.  '80. 

Purslow— At  Port  Hope.  Ont.,  July 
24th,  Adam  Purslow,  B.A.  '77,  M.A.  '80, 
LL.B.  '75,  LL.D.  '81,  aged  seventy. 

Russell — At  Mhow,  Central  India, 
July  9th,  Rev.  Norman  H.  Russell, 
B.A.  '87. 

Stratton — At  Lahore,  India,  A.  W. 
Stratton,  B.A.  '87,  Ph.D.,  aged  thirty- 
eight. 

Tennant — At  Lucknow,  Ont,  Sep- 
tember 10th,  J.  S.  Tennant,  M.B.  '66, 
MD.  '69. 

Tremaine — At  Exeter,  Ont.,  R.  C.  C. 
Tremaine,  B.A.Sc.  '96,  aged  twenty- 
six. 

Waters — At  Cobourg,  Ont.,  in  August, 
George  Waters,  M.B.  '68,  aged  sixty- 
five. 


Deaths. 

Baldwin— At  Grace  Hospital,  Toron- 
to, August  17th,  Robert  Baldwin,  B.A. 
'86,  aged  forty. 

Glutton  — At  Edgar,  near  Barrie, 
Ont.,  in  August,  W.  H.  Clutton,  M.B. 


Splendid  opportunities  for  the  invest- 
ment of 

Brain,  Brawn  and 
Capital 

in  the  Development  now  fairly  started  in 

Farming,  Mining; 

Lumbering 

and  Manufacturing 

in   various    sections    of    New    Ontario. 
For  information  write 

HON.  E.J.DAVIS 

Commissioner   of  Crown   Lands, 

Toronto,  Canada. 


PRINTED  BY  THE  CABS  WELL  Co.,  LIMITED. 


JOHN   WILSON,  M.A.,  LL.D. 

PROFESSOR  OF  CLASSICS,  VICTORIA  UNIVERSITY 
1847-1890. 


THE 


UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 


VOL.  III. 


NOVEMBER,  1902. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


No.  2. 


John  Wilson,  M.A.,   LL.D.,   By  A. 

H.  Reynar,  M.A.,  LL.D.  -  -  31 
The  Marine  Biological  Station  of 

Canada,    By   It.    Ramsay    Wright, 

M.A.,  B.Sc.  -  -  -  -  '  -  34 
An  Inherited  Usage  Need  ing  Reform, 

By  J.  Pluyfair  McMurrich,  M.A., 

M.D.,Ph.D.      .....    37 

Professor  Wundt's  Jubilee,  By  A. 

Kirschmann,  M.  A.,  Ph.D.  -  -  39 
Les  Louanges  de  Philistie,  By  Maurice 

Hntton,  M.A.    .....    4L 

Virchow,  By  J.  J.  Mackenzie,  B.A., 

M.B.  -       '  ......     41 

Torontonensia       .....     55 

Faculty  Changes  .....    50 

Principal  Caven's  Jubilee  -  -  -  56 


PAGE 

Wycliffe  Convocation  Hall   -        -  57 

Kecent  Faculty  Publications        -  57 

The  McGill-  Varsity  Meet     -        •  58 

Frontenac   Alumni         -         -         -  59 

The  Late  Norman  H.  Russell       -  59 

"          Bertram  Spencer  -         -  59 

Graduates  in  Arts,  1874                 -  60 

"  Victoria  Uni- 

versity,  t846-1861  -  61 
Graduates  of  The  School  of  Practi- 

cal  Science,  1900  -  -  -  62 
Graduates  in  Medicine,  addresses 

unknown  -  -  -  -  -  62 

Personals  .....  63 

Local  Lectures  -  -  -  -  66 

Marriages  .....  68 

Deaths  ......  68 


*JOHN  WILSON,  M.A.,  LL.D. 

BY    A.  H.    RKYNAR,  M.A.  LL.D. 
Professor  of  English  Literature,  Victoria  University. 

Tj^OR  more  than  half  a  century,  Professor  Wilson  was  closely 
connected  with  Victoria  University,  and  for  forty-three 
years  of  that  time  he  was  the  head  of  the  classical  department. 
His  university  education  -was  received  at  Trinity  College,  Dublin, 
where  he  graduated  A.B.  in  1841.  After  his  graduation,  he 
taught  for  a  short  time  in  Wesley  College,  Sheffield,  but  in  1847 
he  came  to  this  country  and  was  appointed  to  the  chair  of  Classics 
in  Victoria  University.  This  position  he  held  with  honour  till 
1890,  when  he  retired  with  rank  of  professor  emeritus.  In  June, 
1898,  he  died  at  Cobourg  at  the  ripe  age  of  eighty-three  years. 

There  are  not  many  things  to  be  said  of  the  labours  of  his  long, 
and  in  some  respects,  toilsome  life.  The  academic  duties  imposed 
on  him  as  a  teacher  were  far  in  excess  of  what  we  now  consider 
sufficient  for  a  man  in  a  position  such  as  his.  The  classics  filled  a 

*  A  well  known  idiosyncrasy  of  Professor  Wilson's  was  his  objection 
to  teing  photographed.  The  portrait  published  with  this  sketch  is  from 
a  photograph  taken  without  his  knowledge  by  a  member  of  his  family 
while  he  walked  in  the  garden.  It  is  believed  to  be  the  only  one  ever 
take  i. — Editor's  Note. 


32  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

larger  place  in  the  college  course  in!  those  days,  and  the  assistance 
to  the  professor  was  meagre  as  compared  with  that  of  our  own 
time.  It  is  not  surprising,  therefore,  that  the  teaching  work  alone 
was  sufficient  to  absorb  most  of  his  energies  and  .leave  but  little 
time  for  other  things.  From  one  point  of  view  this  is  now  a  matter 
of  some  regret.  His  old  students  and  friends  would  gladly  turn 
again  to  his  teachings  if  they  had  been  put  into  print,  and  would 
point  to  them  with  pride.  But  beyond  a  few  articles  and  pamphlets 
there  are  no  literary  remains  of  Dr.  Wilson,  and  we  cannot  help 
regretting  the  fact. 

These  are  the  first  thoughts  that  come  to  our  minds,  but  fur- 
ther reflection  casts  doubt  on  the  wisdom  of  our  regret  that  so  wise 
and  good  a  man  has  left  us  so  little  for  our  reading.  Wiser  men, 
if  not  better,  have  written  much  of  which  the  world  has  read  but 
little  and  will  never  read  again.  They  gave  themselves  to  the 
making  of  books  which  vanished  and  perished  almost  as  soon  as 
made.  Our  revered  Professor  Wilson  gave  himself  to  the  train- 
ing of  minds  and  the  moulding  of  character,  and  this  work  of  his 
remains  as  lasting  as  the  mind,  "  Monumentum  aere  perennius." 
Thousands  of  men  in  this  land  cherish  his  memory ,  and  with  every 
thought  of  him  they  are  helped  to  clearer  thinking  and  nobler 
living,  and  this  effect  of  his  teaching  passes  through  hisi  pupils  out 
into  the  wide  world  and  on  into  the  great  future.  It  is  not  easy 
to  determine  who  have  done  the  greatest  work  for  the  world,  the 
teachers  who  have  not  written,  or  the  writers  who  have  not  been 
teachers.  Certain  it  is  that  the  greatest  of  all  teachers,  both 
human  and  divine,  belong  to  the  first  class,  and  it  was  with  this 
class  that  Professor  Wilson  identified  himself. 

A  very  few  words  may  say  much  as  to  the  character  of  his  teach- 
ing. It  was  thorough  and  accurate.  The  student  who  did  not 
master  his  work  was  sure  to  be  brought  face  to  face  with  his  fault. 
No  glibness  of  utterance  or  skill  in  turning  aside  from  the  essential 
issue,  was  of  any  avail.  The  Socratic  treatment  of  the  professor 
quickly  made  the  student's  ignorance  apparent  to  himself  and  to 
others,  and  then  the  student  was  ready  to  be  taught. 

Another  marked  quality  of  Dr.  Wilson  was  his  enthusiasm  in 
teaching.  It  was  not  a  drudgery  to  him,  but  a  delight.  He  even 
went  beyond  the  requirements  of  the  curriculum  in  his  zeal  to  give 
instruction.  Students  were  interested  in  other  work  than  that  to 
which  they  were  driven  by  the  fear  of  examinations.  Under  the 
inspiration  and  guidance  of  this  lover  of  the  truth,  they  pushed 
their  studies  on  in  directions  leading  to  greater  delight  and  useful- 
ness, more  particularly  in  oriental  languages,  in  Bible  study,  and 
even  in  stenography,  when  that  was  a  new  thing. 


JOHN  WILSON,  M.A.,  LL.D.  33 

Passing  from  the  teacher  to  the  man  and  the  Christian,  in  Dr. 
Wilson,  we  come  to  the  things  that  really  are  the  first  to  occur  to 
the  minds  of  those  who  knew  him.  They  will  think  of  him  as 
probably  the  man  of  all  men  most  free  from  affectation,  or  pre- 
tence, or  assumption  of  any  kind.  They  will  think  of  him  as  the 
most  guileless  of  men,  and  one  who  was  so  far  from  doing  wrongs 
that  he  suspected  none.  Again,  it  is  the  boundless  charity  and 
generosity  of  the  man  that  will  come  to  mind.  Though  never  a 
rich  man,  he  was  always  giving  and  giving  largely  to  charitable 
objects.  This  generosity  could  not  always  be  concealed,  for  it 
came  out  in  public  and  general  efforts,  but  there  was  also  much  at 
which  the  world  could  only  guess,  for  he  was  always  seeking  out 
the  poor  and  suffering,  and  they  all  knew  him  for  their  friend. 
As  illustration  of  this,  may  be  repeated  a  conversation  overheard  by 
a  passer-by:  Two  poor  men  of  another  creed  than  his  were  \vorking 
at  drain  digging  and  as  they  talked  together,  one  of  them  said  to  the 
other  in  his  simple  way,  and  with  a  brogue  that  we  will  not  attempt 
to  reproduce:  "If  the  Lord  Jesus  were  to  come  to  this  town, 
where  do  you  think  he  would  put  up?"  "  I  don't  know,"  said  the 
other,  "  except  at  old  fblind  "Wilson's  of  the  College." 

In  addition  to  his  academic  work,  Dr.  Wilson  was  zealous 
as  a  teacher  in  Bible  study.  His  Bible  class  was  a  constant  source 
of  interest  and  profit  to  students.  There  wrere  no  side  attractions 
or  entertainments  connected  with  this  work,  but  those  who 
attended  soon  found  that  they  could  secure  there,  much  better  than 
in  books,  the  light  and  help  that  active  and  inquiring  minds 
demanded. 

As  a  lay-preacher  too,  Dr.  Wilson  exercised  his  rare  gifts. 
This  work  was  a  duty  rather  than  a  pleasure  to  him.  His  ex- 
cessive modesty  shrank  from  every  place  of  eminence,  but  his 
sense  of  duty  held  him  to  the  work  when  it  was  put  upon  him. 
There  was,  perhaps,  some  of  the  Irish  humour  which  sparkled  in 
hi?  speech,  but  there  was  pathos,  too,  and  truth  in  the  account  he 
gave  of  the  way  in  which  he  was  induced  to  lay  aside  his  own  feel- 
ings of  reserve  and  enter  into  the  work  of  a  lay-preacher.  Reading 
of  the  message  sent  by  our  Lord  concerning  the  ass  His  disciples 
were  to  bring  for  His  use  as  He  rode  into  the  Holy  City,  and  how 
they  were  instructed  to  say,  "  The  Lord  hath  need  of  him,"  the 
young  Trinity  College  graduate  applied  the  words  to  himself,  "  The 
Lord  hath  need  of  him,"  and  he  entered  upon  the  work  from 
which  he  shrank,  but  in  which  he  was  many  times  a  helper  and 
comforter  of  the  people." 

"  Memoria  jusii  cum  laudibus" 

t    They  called  him  blind  because  of  his  being  near-sighted  and  wear- 
ing glasses. 


34  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

THE  MAHINE  BIOLOGICAL  STATION  OF  CANADA. 

BY  R.  RAMSAY  WRIGHT,  M.A.,  B.SC., 
Professor  of  Biology,  University  of  Toronto. 

DURING-  the  meeting  of  the  British  Association  in  Toronto  in 
1897,  two  projects,  having  for  their  object  the  advancement 
of  Canadian  Natural  History,  received  the  approval  and  the  active 
support  of  the  Association.  One  of  these,  for  which  I  was  chiefly 
responsible,  suggested  the  establishment  by  the  Ontario  Govern- 
ment of  a  lake  laboratory  within  the  Algonquin  Park,  and  a 
biological  survey  of  that  interesting  region.  Owing,  however,  to 
the  uncertainty  which  at  that  time  existed  as  to  provincial  rights 
over  the  Inland  Fisheries,  the  matter  was  allowed  to  fall  into  abey- 
ance, and  the  proposal  has  only  recently  been  realized  in  part  by 
the  establishment  of  a  Biological  Station  on  the  Georgian  Bay 
in  connection  with  the  Madawaska  Club,  which  has  been  made 
possible  by  a  grant  from  the  Dominion  Government. 

The  second  project,  a  more  ambitious  one,  aimed  at  the  establish- 
ment of  a  Marine  Biological  Station,  similar  to  those  which  the 
Fishery  Commissions  of  the  United  States,  and  various  European 
governments,  have  found  it  desirable  to  maintain.  Offering  as  it 
did  substantial  advantages  to  the  fisheries — the  chief  source  of 
wealth  of  the  Maritime  Provinces — it  met  with  a  favourable  recep- 
tion at  the  hands  of  the  Dominion  Government,  when  presented  by 
a  committee  representative  of  the  interests  of  these  provinces  and 
of  the  universities  and  scientific  institutions  of  Canada.  Accord- 
ingly during  the  session  of  1898  the  sum  of  $15,000  was  granted 
by  Parliament,  $5-,000  to  be  immediately  available  for  construc- 
tion and  outfit,  and  $2,000  a  year  for  five  years  (1898-99—1902-3) 
for  the  running  expenses  of  the  station. 

The  plan  for  the  construction  of  the  station  was  modified  from 
one  which  had  been  found  useful  for  a  floating  laboratory  in 
the  inland  waters  of  Illinois.  It  was  erected  at  St.  Andrew's,  N.B., 
and  was  ready  for  occupation  in  time  for  the  season  of  1899. 
There  it  remained  also  during  the  summer  of  1900,  and,  as  may  be 
seen  from  a  report  recently  issued  by  the  Marine  and  Fisheries 
Department,  the  opportunities  thereby  offered  for  seaside  studies 
were  eagerly  taken  advantage  of  by  representatives  of  different  in- 
stitutions. The  Director,  Professor  Prince,  contributes  an  intro- 
duction, and  is  associated  with  Dr.  A.  H.  McKay,  of  Halifax  in  a 
study  of  the  fins  of  the  mackerel  shark.  Professors  Knight  and 
Fowler  of  Queen's  respectively  ^furnish  papers  on  "The  Effects  of 
Polluted  Waters  on  Fish  Life,"  and  on  "  The  Flora  of  St. 
Andrew's,"  while  the  remaining  papers  are  contributed  by  mem- 
bers of  our  own  university,  Drs.  J.  Stafford,  F.  H.  Scott  and  B.  A. 


MARINE  BIOLOGICAL  STATION  OF  CANADA.        35 

Bensley,  dealing  respectively  with  the  Clam  Fishery  of  Passam- 
aquoddy  Bay,  the  Food  of  Sea  Urchins,  and  the  Sardine  Industry  in 
Relation  to  the  Canadian  Herring  Fisheries. 

It  is  gratifying  to  have  to  record  that  the  University  has  made  it 
possible  for  its  younger  biologists  to  visit  the  Marine  Station,  by 
paying  their  travelling  expenses  to  the  distant  parts  of  the 
Dominion  where  it  has  been  situated. 

During  these  first  two  seasons  the  station  was  conducted  by  the 
Director,  or  in  his  absence  by  one  of  the  members  of  the  Board  of 
Management.  In  this  capacity  Professor  Macallum  rendered  great 
service  at  St.  Andrew's;  he  also  began  there  a  series  of  researches 
-on  the  chemistry  of  certain  marine  animals  and  its  relationship  to 
that  of  the  sea  water,  which  he  followed  up  in  1901  at  Canso,  and 
will  make  the  subject  of  an  elaborate  paper  in  the  next  report  of 
the  station. 

Apart  from  urging  the  co-operation  of  the  University  in  the 
manner  indicated  above,  I  was  unable  to  participate  in  the  work  of 
the  first  two  seasons,  owing  to  my  absence  in  Europe,  part  of 
which,  however,  was  spent  in  similar  work  at  the  Zoological- 
Station  at  Naples.  On  my  return  I  was  requested  to  act  as 
Assistant  Director  of  the  Station,  Professor  Prince's  official  duties 
preventing  any  prolonged  stay  at  the  laboratory.  The  shortness  of 
his  visits  is  all  the  more  to  be  deplored  on  account  of  the  success 
of  his  early  researches  on  the  spawning  habits  and  development  of 
the  food  fishes,  and  his  great  experience  in  the  economic  problems 
with  which  the  station  has  to  deal. 


In  the  spring  of  1901  the  station  was  placed  on  a  scow  and, 
towed  round  to  Canso,  N.S.,  this  location  having  been  selected  on 
account  of  its  proximity  to  the  "  banks,"  which  has  made  Canso 
one  of  the  most  important  centres  of  the  Canadian  fisheries  from 
the  earliest  times.  The  accompanying  photograph  by  Mr.  C.  M. 
Fraser  shows  the  present  position  of  the  station,  with  a  background 
of  fishing  schooners  chiefly  from  Lunenburg  and  Gloucester.  A 
report  will  shortly  be  issued  as  the  result  of  the  two  seasons'  work 
at  Canso.  My  own  contribution  to  the  report  deals  with  the 


36  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

Microscopic  Plankton,  or  floating  life  of  the  sea — a  subject  which 
has  of  late  attracted  much  attention  in  connection  with  the  North 
European  fisheries.  Professors  Prince,  Macallum,  Fowler  and 
Knight,  who  visited  the  station  in  '01,  contribute  reports  of  their 
work.  Dr.  Stafford,  now  of  Montreal,  who  has  acted  as  curator  of 
the  station  for  the  last  t\vo  seasons,  furnishes  an  account  of  the 
general  invertebrate  fauna  of  the  district,  and  a  special  description 
of  certain  fish  parasites,  of  which  he  has  made  a  careful  study.  » 
Messrs.  Cornish  and  Fraser  of  Toronto,  and  Mr.  Anderson  of 
Sackville,  N.B.,  have  assisted  in  the  work  of  collecting,  and  will 
publish  systematic  lists  of  the  groups  specially  studied  by  them — 
the  Fish  and  Polyzo.a  in  the  first  case,  the  Hydrozoa  in  the  second, 
the  Halacarids  in  the  third.  Dr.  A.  H.  McKay,  of  Halifax,  will 
contribute  a  paper  on  the  Diatoms  of  Canso  Harbour,  while  Mr. 
Robinson,  of  Pictou,  N.  S..  describes  the  larger  marine  algae. 
Thus,  in  spite  of  the  inaccessibility  of  Canso,  considerable  use 
has  been  made  of  the  laboratory,  and  the  reports  of  the  various 
workers  will  be  awaited  with  interest. 

In  one  respect  the  advantages  offered  by  Canso  are  not  likely  to 
be  excelled,  viz.,  the  large  quantities  of  fish  brought  in  every 
day.  Messrs.  Whitman  &  Son  did  everything  in  their  power  to 
facilitate  the  work  of  the  station,  and  the  employees  of  their  fishing 
steamer,  the  "  Active,"  were  also  eager  to  bring  in  any  rarities 
secured.  It  is  proposed  next  season  to  move  the  station  to  the 
centre  of  the  oyster  fishery  in  Prince  Edward's  Island,  the  com- 
parative accessibility  of  which  will  in  all  probability  attract  a 
greater  number  of  workers. 

From  the  dates  given  above  it  will  be  seen  that  although 
Parliament  provided  running  expenses  for  five  years,  the  Station 
has  in  reality  had  only  four  seasons  of  work,  the  first  official  year 
of  its  existence,  ending  in  June,  '99,  having  been  devotedto  the 
construction  and  partial  outfit  of  the  Laborator}^.  Of  the  $7,000 
available  for  the  first  year's  operations,  only  $4,700  was  expended, 
the  balance  being  allowed  to  lapse.  Similarly,  in  the  following 
year  only  $700  was  expended,  and  although  in  subsequent  years 
the  annual  appropriation  has  been  exhausted,  yet  much  of  it  has 
been  expended  on  matters  of  construction  and  outfit  which  had 
not  been  foreseen  by  the  Board.  It  is  hoped  that  the  lapsed  sums 
may  yet  be  available  for  the  further1  operations  of  the  Station, 
for  there  are  many  requirements  which  still  have  to  be  provided 
to  render  its  work  more  effective.  One  of  these  is  a  suitable  boat 
for  dredging  and  beam-trawl  work,  a  second,  the  formation  of  a 
library  of  marine  zoology  round  the  small  nucleus,  which  the 
Station  already  possesses,  and  lastly,  further  apparatus  for 
researches  into  the  physico-chemical  conditions  of  life  which  are 
beginning  to  be  recognized  as  of  much  importance. 


AN  INHERITED  USAGE  NEEDING  REFORM.          3? 
AN  INHERITED  USAGE  NEEDING  REFORM. 

BY  J.  PLAYFAIR  McMURRICH,  JM.A.,  M.D.,  PH.D., 
Professor  of  Anatomy,  University  of  Michigan. 

IT  is  a  common  experience  that  by  the  action  of  the  law  of  here- 
dity, structures  and  customs  may  persist  under  conditions  in 
which  they  have  more  or  less  completely  lost  their  original  function 
or  significance,  and  may  even  be  sources  of  detriment  to  the  in- 
heritors. The  usages  of  the  colonial  universities  have  been  gener- 
ally inherited  from  the  institutions  of  the  motherland,  and  while 
some  have  been  modified  to  the  extent  which  the  new  conditions 
seemed  to  demand,  others  are  open  to  comparison  with  the  more 
or  less  detrimental  structures  known  to  zoologists  as  rudimentary 
organs. 

In  the  British  universities  the  appointment  to  many  of  the  chairs 
is  at  the  bestowal  of  the  Crown,  and  technically  an  element  of 
personality  is  thereby  introduced  which  may,  perhaps,  be  regarded 
as  the  cause  for  the  adoption  of  a  method  of  selecting  the  profes- 
soriate in  marked  contrast  with  what  obtains  in  several  other 
countries.  The  Sovereign  being  the  patron  of  the  chair,  his 
patronage  is  not  to  be  bestowed  where  it  may  meet  with  refusal, 
but  is  to  be  sought  by  formal  applications,  backed  by  testimonials 
and  recommendations,  and  alas!  too  frequently  by  social  or 
political  influence.  In  our  own  university  all  the  appointments 
are  in  a  sense  Crown  appointments,  being  made  by  the  representa- 
tive of  the  Crown  in  Council.  In  reality,  however,  they  are  con- 
stitutional rather  than  monarchical,  the  direct  personal  element 
'being  so  far  removed  as  to  be  almost  negligible,  and  yet  the 
method  of  filling  vacancies  in  our  .professoriate  is  essentially 
identical  with  that  in  vogue  in  the  English  and  Scottish  universi- 
ties. We  have  inherited  a  usage  which  has  practically  lost  its 
original  significance,  and  retain  in  our  democratic  institution  a 
relic  of  absolute  monarchism. 

But  has  this  rudimentary  .usage  been  detrimental  to  the 
efficiency  of  the  university?  Far,  indeed,  be  it  from  the  mind  of 
any  alumnus  to  maintain  such  a  proposition.  A  usage  which  might 
have  -given  us,  had  the  fates  been  propitious,  a  Huxley  and  a 
Tyndall, -and  which  has  given  us  a  Wilson,  a  Young,  a  Croft — to 
mention  any  still  in  occupation  would  be  invidious — must  have 
proved  far  other  than  detrimental.  But  a  general  principle  is  in- 
volved, whose  infringement  some  time  may  be  detrimental.  It  is 
a  maxim  that  for  the  highest  efficiency  the  office  should  seek  the 
man,  and  not  the  man  the  office,  and  our  usage  is  manifestly  in 


."38  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

contrariety  to  that  principle.  The  institution  which  offers  a  posi- 
tion to  the  test  and  most  experienced  man  available  is  more  likely 
to  secure  better  service  than  that  which  grants  it  to  one  of  those 
who  seek  it.  For  the  seeking  involves  a  competition,  and  this 
again  involves  the  possibility  of  unsuccess,  and  men  of  high  stand- 
ing and  experience  in  other  institutions,  who  would  accept  a  posi- 
tion if  offered,  will  not  under  ordinary  circumstances  expose  them- 
selves to  a  possible  diminishment  of  prestige  by  entering  into 
competition  for  a  place.  This  statement  is  not  a  mere  general  con- 
clusion, but  is  made  on  the  basis  of  actual  occurrences,  known  to 
the  writer,  in  connection  with  vacancies  in  the  university,  and  it 
is  perhaps  more  than  a  rumour  that  the  usage  has  deprived  a 
prominent  British  university  of  the  services  of  one  who  is  facile 
princeps  in  the  department  concerned. 

In  allowing  the  office  to  seek  the  man  the  university  has  much 
to  gain  and  little  to  lose.  It  is  a  method  which  has  given  universi- 
ties of  the  neighbouring  republic  such  men  as  Sylvester  and  Yon 
Hoist,  and  has  very  generally  proved  successful.  True,  the  univer- 
sity may  risk  a  rebuff,  but  the  standing  of  a  university  is  not  likely 
to  be  affected  to  any  appreciable  degree  because  Dr.  X.  or  Professor 
^Y.  may  prefer  to  remain  with  the  institution  in  which  he  has  made 
his  reputation.  The  rank  held  by  a  university  depends  on  more 
important  and  more  complex  factors  than  this;  and,  furthermore, 
by  the  exercise  of  a  moderate  amount  of  tact  and  by  careful  prelim- 
inary inquiries,  the  direct  refusal  of  the  proffered  position  need 
never  be  encountered.  Theoretically  the  method  here  advocated  is 
undoubtedly  preferable  to  that  in  force  in  our  university,  and  in  its 
practical  working  in  neighbouring  universities  it  has  yielded  results 
which  could  not  have  been  obtained  by  any  amount  of  advertising 
for  bids. 

Perhaps  the  usage  which  we  have  inherited  may  never  land  us 
in  the  predicament  in  which  a  certain  university  is  said  to  have 
found  itself.  Among  those  making  application  for  a  certain  vacant 
chair  was  one  very  strong  candidate,  a  recognized  authority  in  his 
subject,  and  learning  of  his  candidacy  and  feeling  that  their  failure 
was  certain,  all  the  other  candidates  with  one  exception  withdrew. 
Finally  the  great  man  also  withdrew,  and  there  being  then  no 
.applicant  for  the  position  but  the  exception,  he  necessarily  received 
the  appointment.  Se  non  e  ver  e  ben  trovato, 

That  the  method  should  again  thus  defeat  itself  is  unlikely. 
But  even  so,  and  even  although  it  has  in  our  case  proved  satisfac- 
tory in  the  past,  there  is  reason  for  questioning  its  continued 
success.  It  is  a  method  which  is  undoubtedly  becoming;  more 
.and  more  unpopular  with  university  men,  and  it  stands  in 


AN   INHERITED  USAGE  NEEDING  REFORM.         39 

contrast  with  one  which  gives  the  university  in  search  of  an 
appointee  the  choice  of  all  available  men,  instead  of  ccfnfining  it  to 
a  selection  from  a  certain  few,  for  which  the  very  men  most  desir- 
able, those  who  have  already  proved  their  capabilities  for  the  posi- 
tion, will  as  a  rule  be  lacking.  That  there  may  be  no  vacancies  for 
many  years  to  come  in  the  present  staffs  of-  the  University  and  of 
University  College,  and  that  they  may  ere  long  be  strengthened  by 
additional  appointments,  are  things  most  devoutly  to  be  hoped  for. 
But  when  the  occasion  does  demand  an  appointment,  it  is  also  to 
be  hoped  that  our  natural  conservatism  may  not  prevent  a  depar- 
ture from  a  rudimentary  usage,  and  the  adoption  of  one  preferable 
both  theoretically  and  practically. 


PROFESSOR  WUNDT'S  JUBILEE. 

BY  A.  KIRSCHMANN,  M.A.,  PH.D., 

Associate-Professor  of  Philosophy  and  Director  of  the  Psychological  Laboratory, 
University  of  Toronto. 

EKTAINLY  one  of  the  most  influential  scientists  of  our  day 
is  Professor  Wilhelm  Wundt,  of  Leipzig,  who  through  his 
writings  and  teachings  has  given  to  Psychology  its  proper  place 
among  the  branches  of  scientific  study.  For  the  first  time  he  has 
effected  an  impartial  union  of  the  medical,  the  natural  science  and 
the  philosophical  standpoints  with  regard  to  the  problems  of  the 
psychical  nature  of  man,  and  it  is  acknowledged  that  his  teaching 
forms  a  decided  turning  point  in  the  progress  of  philosophic  research. 
On  the  16th  of  August  last,  Professor  Wundt  completed  the 
seventieth  year  of  his  life.  Great  honours  were  bestowed  on  him 
on  this  occasion,  among  others  a  quite  exceptional  one,  the 
freedom  of  the  city  of  Leipzig.  ,But  since  the  birthday  fell  in  the 
academic  holidays,  Professor  Wundt,  by  spending  his  vacation  in 
an  out-of-the-way  summer  resort  in  Thiiringia,  called  Tambach, 
succeeded  in  escaping  from  all  festivities,  except  the  one  which  we 
shall  here  relate.  One  deputation  had  received  a  hint  of  his 
whereabouts  and  dropped  in  on  him  on  the  morning  of  his  birth- 
day. In  this  deputation,  which  consisted  of  Wundt's  former  and 
.present  assistants,  were: — 1Professor  Krapelin,  the  noted  Psychia- 
trist of  the  University  of  Heidelberg,  Professor  Kiilpe  of 
Wiirzburg,  Professor  Meumann  of  Zurich,  Dr.  Ludwig  Lange  of 
Tubingen,  Professor  Frank  Angell  of  Leland  Stanford  University 
(in  place  of  Professor  McKeen  Cattell  of  Columbia  University,  who 
could  not  be  present),  Dr.  Wirth  and  Dr.  Mosch  of  Leipzig,  and 
the  writer  of  this  article.  By  a  happy  suggestion,  Mr.  Emanuel 


40  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

Reinicke,  the  head  of  the  scientific  publishing  firm,  WilhaLm 
Engelmann,  through  which  most  of  the  works  of  Professor  Wundt 
have  been  brought  out,  had  joined  the  deputation. 

Professor  Krapelin  presented  an  illuminated  address  from 
the  medical  faculty  of  Heidelberg,  to  which  at  one  time  Professor 
AVundt  belonged  as  Professor  of  Physiology.  Professor  Meumann 
read  another  sent  by  the  arts  faculty  of  Zurich,  where  Wundt 
held  the  chair  of  Philosophy  before  he  was  called  to  Leipzig, and  Dr. 
AYirth  presented  an  address  from  the  graduate  and  under-graduate 
students  who  at  present  work  in  his  laboratory.  The  event  of  the 
day,  however,  came  when  Professor  Kiilpe,  in  a  touching  speech,, 
presented  a  jubilee  edition  of  the  "  Philosophische  Studien,"  con- 


Miss  Wundt,  Dr.  Mosch,  Prof.  Kulpe,  Prof.  Meumann,  Prof.  Kirschmann,  a  friend  of  Miss  Wundt,. 

Prof.  Krapelin,  Prof.  Wundt,  Mrs.  Wundt,  Mr.  E.  Reinicke, 

Mr.  Max  Wundt,  Dr.  Wirth. 

sisting  of  two  large  volumes,  which  contain  philosophical  and 
psychological  articles  by  a  number  of  Wundt's  more  intimate 
students,  now  mostly  themselves  professors  in  other  universities. 
Among  the  contributors  were  not  only 'philosophers  and  psycholo- 
gists, but  also  medical  men  and  theologians,  Catholic  and 
Protestant. 

The  preparation  for  this  publication  had  been  conducted  steadily 
for  the  last  three  years  through  Professor  Kiilpe  and  the  writer, 
but  had  been  carefully*  kept  from  Professor  Wundt,  so  that  these 
two  volumes  of  his  "  Studien  "  took  him  completely  by  surprise. 


PROFESSOR  WUNDT'S  JUBILEE.  41 

At  the  family  dinner  to  which  the  whole  deputation  was  kindly 
invited,  not  only  the  great  professor,  but  also  Mrs.  Wundt,  was 
duly  honoured  by  a  toast  proposed  by  Professor  Krapelin,  to  which 
Professor  Wundt  answered,  passing  in  review  in  a  humorous  way 
the  history  of  the  Leipzig  laboratory. 

His  former  students  were  delighted  to  find  that  Dr.  Wundt,  in 
spite  of  the  hard  work  he  has  done  in  the  course  of  an  academic 
career  of  more  than  forty  years,  had  scarcely  changed  during  the 
last  ten  years,  and  they  all  anticipate  that  he  will  celebrate  his 
eightieth  birthday  in  the  same  excellent  state  of  bodily  health  and 
mental  vigour. 

The  accompanying  cut  is  a  reproduction  from  a  photograph 
which  was  taken  at  the  garden  party  which  followed  the  dinner. 


LES  LOUANGES  DE  PHILISTIE. 
Ters  Decadents. 

Pourquoi  le  savant  se  passe  t'il  du  savon? 

Pourquoi  le  saint  homme  a  t'il  de  1'odeur? 
Les  faibles  ont-ils  d'autant  moins  de  faibles? 

Ainsi  la  chose  vulgaire  nous  plait  le  mieux. 

Wherefore  are  saint  and  soap  divorced? 

Can  learning  "  stink  and  sting"? 
So  are  the  feeble's  foibles  least, 

And  the  best  tne  commonest  thing. 

— Maurice  Button. 


VIRCHOW.* 

BY  J.  J.  MACKENZIE,  B.A.,  M.B., 
Professor  of  Pathology  and  Bacteriology,  Vnicersity  of  Toronto. 

IX  order  to  properly  appreciate  Yirchow's    influence  we  must 
first  consider,  for  a  moment,  the  condition  in    which  he 
found  the  science  of  medicine  when  he  graduated  from  the  Uni- 
versity of  Berlin  in  1843. 

During  the  first  forty  years  of  the  nineteenth  century  great  ad- 
vances had  been  made,  especially  in  gross  anatomy  both  normal 
and  pathological;  in  England  the  teaching  of  Hunter  had  done 
much  to  emancipate  medicine  from  the  errors  of  the  eighteenth 
century;  in  France  great  progress  had  been  made  under  Bichat, 
Laennec,  Andral  and  Cruveilhier,  while  in  Austria,  Rokitansky, 


*  From  an  address   delivered   at  the  opening  of  the  session  of  the 
University  of  Toronto  Medical  Faculty. 


42  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

one  of  the  greatest,  perhaps  the  greatest  gross  pathologist  of  all 
time,  had  added  immensely  to  the  accurate  knowledge  of  the  gross 
appearance  of  disease  as  seen  in  the  autopsy  room;  but  everywhere 
we  find  that  the  mysticism  of  the  eighteenth  century  dominated 
ideas,  and  metaphysical  speculations  still  took  the  place  of  careful 
observation  and  experiment.  In  fact  the  history  of  medicine 
during  the  first  fifty  years  of  the  past  century  was  still  the  history 
of  the  rise  and  fall  of  systems  and  schools.  So  little  did  scientific 
methods  affect  the  interpretation  of  the  phenomena  of  disease,  that 
Rokitansky,  himself  the  most  painstaking  and  exact  of  gross  path- 
ologists,  was  the  father  of  that  system  which  was  the  first  to  be 
attacked  and  overthrown  by  Virchow,  namely,  the  humoral  path- 
ology. It  would  indeed  take  too  much  time  to  attempt  to  fully 
describe  the  state  of  medical  thought  at  this  period;  it  would  per- 
haps be  difficult  for  us  to  appreciate  it  properly;  we  have  gone  so 
far  forward  that  to-day  it  is  almost  impossible  for  us  to  go  back  to 
the  point  of  view  of  the  physician  of  1840,  and  appreciate  the 
arguments  which  appeared  to  him  so  cogent.  The  tendencies  were 
all  transcendental,  there  was  continually  introduced  into  the  argu- 
ments the  action  of  a  something  which  might  be  called  the  "  ner- 
vous principle,"  the  "  life  principle,"  or  the  "  formative  principle," 
or  something  else  of  the  kind,  to  which  all  sorts  of  activities  were 
ascribed;  indeed  Virchow,  in  the  first  volume  of  his  Archiv, 
quaintly  scoffs  at  the  powers  of  this  formative  principle,  as  de- 
scribed in  Lobstein's  Pathological  Anatomy,  in  the  following 
words:  "Does  it  not  seem  as  if  this  Bildungskraft  were  a  free 
burger  from  '  the  bloody  land  of  Kentucky,  half  horse  and  half 
alligator,'  or  a  small  demon  from  the  days  of  the  Rosicrucians." 

In  Germany  the  system  which  perhaps  had  the  strongest  hold 
on  the  medical  mind  was  that  form  of  humoral  pathology  which 
had  been  promulgated  by  Rokitansky,  a  modification  of  the  patho- 
logical views  of  Andral,  the  French  pathologist.  According  to 
this  view,  the  primary  seat  of  all  disease  was  in  the  blood,  and,  as 
Rokitansky  thought  disease  consisted  in  false  mixture  of  the  ele- 
ments of  the  blood,  chiefly  the  fibrin  and  the  albumen,  to  designate 
this  abnormal  condition  he  made  use  of  the  old  Hippocratic  term 
crasis  and  classified  all  diseases  into  various  erases.  One  of  his 
most  important  erases,  for  instance^  was  that  in  which  he  conceived 
there  was  an  excess  of  albumen  and  a  deficiency  of  fibrin;  here 
he  placed  such  widely  different  diseases  as  gout,  rachitis,  typhoid, 
acute  tuberculosis,  Bright' s  disease,  cancer,  and  others  equally 
varied.  How  strong  a  hold  the  humoral  pathology  had  on  the  minds 
of  men  is  shown  by  many  terms,  still  used  and  believed  in  at  the 
present  day  by  the  laity,  such  as  pure  and  impure  blood,  and  even- 


VIRCHOW.  43- 

the  terms  hot  blood  and  cold  blood ;  and,  although  no  one  will  gain- 
say the  therapeutic  value  of  brimstone  and  molasses,  yet  doubtless,, 
in  the  minds  of  the  common  people,  the  humoral  pathology  is  re- 
sponsible for  the  vigour  of  its  application. 

The. grave  objection  to  these  views  and  to  others  of  the  same 
period  was  that  they  were  almost  entirely  speculative  hypotheses,, 
with  but  the  slenderest  foundation  in  the  way  of  observed  fact 
or  experiment. 

These  were  the  doctrines  and  theories  of  diseases  which  Virchow 
was  taught  when  a  student  in  Berlin,  and  we  doubt  not  that 
throughout  those  years  he  must  have  struggled  vigorously  against 
them. 

AVe  have  very  few  details  about  his  early  years  of  life  and  study; 
born  in  Schivelbein,  in  1821,  a  little  village  in  the  flat,  sandy  plains 
of  Pomerania,  about  forty  miles  from  the  Baltic,  he  attended  the 
village  school,  and  afterwards  the  gymnasium  at  Coslin.  In  an 
anecdote  by  his  friend  Schliemann,  we  see  that  even  at  the  gym- 
nasium his  future  originality  of  mind  was  foreshadowed  in  his  atti- 
tude towards  the  study  of  languages,  in  which  he  was  very  pro- 
ficient; in  his  home,  he  had  begun  the  study  of  the  classics,  under 
an  enlightened  teacher,  who  did  not  think  it  necessary  that  he 
should  memorize  grammatical  rules,  so  long  as  he  could  translate 
correctly  and  write  correct  exercises;  on  going  to  the  gymnasium 
he  was  under  a  Greek  master,  who  thought  that  since  he  could  not 
repeat  the  rules  in  Buttman's  grammar,  his  expertness  must  be  due 
to  deceit,  and  so  positive  was  he  of  this,  that  he  opposed  him  in 
his  final  examination  as  not  possessing  sufficient  maturity  of  morals 
to  proceed  to  the  university.  However,  the  opposition  availed 
nothing,  and  he  passed  to  the  university  in  his  eighteenth  year,  in 
1839. 

During  his  medical  education,  Virchow  so  attracted  the  atten- 
tion of  his  teachers  that  on  graduation  in  1843,  instead  of  entering 
the  army  medical  service,  for  which  he  was  preparing,  he  wras  re- 
tained in  Berlin  as  prosector  under  Froriep  at  the  Charity  Hos- 
pital; very  shortly  after  this  he  was  made  lecturer  in  pathology. 
This  was  in  the  year  1847;  and  a  few  months  later,  in  conjunction 
with  the  colleaeue  Reinhardt,  he  began  the  publication  of  the 
Archiv  fur  pathologische  Anatomie  und  Physiologic  und  klinische- 
Medicin,  the  journal  which  was  to  bear  the  banner  of  the  revolu- 
tionary party  in  medicine.  Reinhardt  died  in  1852,  and  since  that 
year  Virchow  remained  sole  editor  until  the  day  of  his  death,  when 
the  Archiv  had  reached  its  one  hundred  and  sixty-ninth  volume. 
At  first  the  Archiv  laboured  under  serious  difficulties ;  the.  second 
volume  was  not  complete  till  1849,  the  third  not  until  1851;  from 


44  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

1852  until  1856  one  volume  per  year  was  produced,  and  with  the 
latter  year  began  the  regular  appearance  of  two  volumes;  in  1861 
it  was  again  increased  to  three,  and  in  1879  to  four  volumes  per 
annum.  The  Archiv  practically  represents  Virchow's  life  on  the 
side  of  pathology ;  in  it  we  see  the  gradual  development  of  all  those 
ideas  which  did  so  much  to  clear  away  the  debris  of  past  systems 
and  schools.  To  the  early  volumes  he  contributed  enormously;  of 
the  fourteen  articles  in  the  first  volume  eight  are  from  his  pen, 
in  the  next  three  out  of  ten,  and  so  on.  It  was  with  no  uncertain 
sound  that  he  sketched  the  needs  of  medicine  in  those  early  articles, 
and  it  was  with  heavy  blows  that  he  drove  home  the  lessons  he  had 
to  teach,  throughout  what  might  be  called  the  Sturm  und  Drang 
period  of  the  Archiv. 

In  his  leading  article  to  the  fiftieth  volume,  he  indicates  what 
the  editors  had  to  face  and  how  they  were  received;  I  will  quote 
a  portion  of  it. 

"  It  is  difficult  at  present  to  realize  the  boldness  with  which  two  young 
and  almost  unknown  men  undertook  by  the  publication  of  this  journal  to 
give  a  new  direction  to  the  science  of  medicine.  The  market  was 
apparently  glutted  with  medical  journals,  and  in  Prussia  especially  a  cer- 
tain number  of  these  bore  an  entirely  official  character.  These  journals 
appeared  under  the  aegis  of  high  state  officials;  they  received  official  news 
and  were  subvented  in  all  sorts  of  ways.  It  was  very  far  from  the  minds 
of  the  official  world  of  that  day  to  think  scientific  requirements  necessary 
to  ensure  the  circulation  of  the  periodical  press.  The  editors  received  so 
little  support,  they  had  so  few  contributors  and  these  so  weak,  that  they 
were  compelled  to  print  the  feeblest  and  most  tedious  articles,  indeed 
articles  that  had  no  merit  other  than  that  they  called  the  attention  of  the 
reader  to  the  writer. 

'•  The  one  requirement  alone  that  contributions  to  the  medical  press 
should  be  original  (Arbeiten)  gave  rise  at  that  time  to  great  astonishment. 
This  was  the  day  of  so-called  practical  observation.  Autopsy  reports  were 
almost  as  great  rarities  as  in  the  days  of  Schenk  von  Gravenberg  (fif- 
teenth century).  Microscopic  investigation  there  was  none;  even  clinical 
histories  were  only  written  down  from  memory,  or  if  they  were  drawn 
from  the  daily  journal,  it  was  apparent  that  apart  from  the  examination 
of  the  pulse,  it  was  rarely  a  question  of  the  systematic  examination  of  the 
patient.  Therapy  moved  in  its  old  accustomed  channels;  venesection  stood 
in  the  first  place;  the  activity  of  drugs  was  esteemed  as  high  as  their 
clss-ificition  into  distinct  groups  was  hard  and  fast;  and  people  were  so 
much  the  more  contented  with  their  successes,  since  the  humoral  path- 
ology, believed  in  and  preached  by  laity  and  profession  alike  in  most  beau- 
tiful harmony,  easily  explained  failures  and  offered  convenient  excuses. 

"  It  would  certainly  be  interesting  to  picture  the  condition  of  official 
medicine  as  it  existed  scarcely  25  years  ago  (writes  Virchow  in  1870)  for 
the  instruction  and  warning  of  the  medicine  of  the  future.  What  I  have 
said,  however,  will  show,  that  it  seemed  rather  bold  to  declare  -war  not 
only  on  the  existing  press  but  also  on  the  whole  official  medicine,  in  order 
to  bring  about  what  both  held  to  be  useless  and  impossible,  namely,  thei 
study  of  pathological  physiology.  In  the  minds  of  the  reigning  circles  Hart- 
mann's  Theoria  Morbi  rendered  all  that  was  necessary  to  the  clinician  and 
practitioner  for  the  interpretation  of  symptoms  and  of  the  healing  process. 
More  than  this  was  evil;  unfruitful  learning  they  called  it.  And  when  I 
published  an  article  in  my  second  volume  upon  the  reform  of  pathological 


VIRCHOW.  45 

and  therapeutic  views  through  microscopic  investigation,  when  I  desired 
that  the  whole  of  medicine  should  move  at  least  three  hundred  times 
closer  to  natural  processes,  then  I  appeared  to  these  gentlemen  as  an  out 
and  out  unpractical  and  possibly  even  dangerous  doctrinaire  and  adven- 
turer." 

It  was  natural  that  the  earliest  researches  of  Virchow  should 
have  been  directed  towards  the  study  of  the  cells  of  the  body,  since 
less  than  ten  years  earlier  Schwann  and  Schleiden  had  announced 
the  discovery,  the  one  of  the  animal,  the  other  of  the  vegetable  cell. 
It  was  natural  also  that  a  mind  so  critical  should  at  once  attempt 
to  test  the  pathology  of  the  humoralists  from  this  standpoint.  We 
find  therefore  that  his  early  contributions  to  science  are  largely 
upon  the  microscopic  characters  of  blood,  both  normal  and  patho- 
logical. From  these  investigations  resulted  his  papers  on  pig- 
mentation, in  which  he  demonstrates  so  clearly  the  two  forms  of 
blood  pigment  which  are  produced  by  haemorrhage  into  the  tissues ; 
,a  chapter  upon  minute  pathological  change  so  complete  as  prac- 
tically to  close  the  subject.  At  this  time  also  appeared  the  results 
of  his  work  on  that  peculiar  disease  of  the  blood,  leucaemia,  a 
name  which  he  himself  suggested.  The  curious  gross  appearance 
of  the  blood  in  advanced  cases  of  this  disease  led  to  a  confusion  with 
purulent  conditions  and  superficial  examination  under  the  micro- 
scope seemed  to  confirm  this  view;  to. Virchow  we  owe  the  recogni- 
tion of  it  as  a  disease  sui  generis,  associated  with  enlargement  of 
the  spleen  and  other  symptoms,  and  entirely  distinct  from  pyaemia, 
with  which  it  had  been  confused. 

From  these  studies  he  was  naturally  led  to  a  study  of  inflam- 
mation of  the  vessels,  the  results  of  such  inflammatory  changes, 
the  formation  of  thrombi  or  clots,  and  the  conditions  which  gov- 
erned the  clotting  of  blood  in  the  living  body.  Indeed  the  clotting 
of  the  blood  in  the  living  body  had  by  a  series  of  false  hypotheses 
"been  brought  by  Cruveilhier  to  explain  the  whole  question  of  in- 
flammation. This  French  pathologist  had  noted  that  the  first  evi- 
dence of  the  inflammation  of  the  veins  consisted  in  a  clotting  of  the 
blood;  and  as  in  inflammations  of  the  organs,  the  presence  of  clots 
could  not  be  demonstrated  in  the  larger  vessels,  he  introduced  the 
hypothetical  condition  of  capillary  phlebitis,  that  is  to  say,  an  in- 
flammation and  clotting  of  the  blood  in  the  capillaries.  It  was 
to  be  expected  that  such  an  hypothesis  unsupported  by  facts  would 
attract  Virchow's  attention;  and  in  his  study  of  thromboses  he 
directed  special  attention  to  the  questiqn  of  the  occurrence  of  clots 
in  the  vessels  of  the  lungs ;  in  studying  these,  in  order  to  determine 
whether  they  had  arisen  primarily  in  that  situation,  he  was  struck 
oy  the  fact  that  when  found  in  the  lung  there  was  almost  always 
to  be  found  a  similar  condition  in  some  other  part  of  the  body; 


46  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY. 

and  finally  he  was  able  to  demonstrate  that  a  plug  resting  in  one 
of  the  vessels  of  a  lung  fitted  exactly  on  to  a  thrombus  in  a  sys- 
temic vein,  and  in  fact,  that  this  plug  had  broken  away  from  the 
thrombus  and  had  been  carried  by  the  blood  current  through  the 
right  chambers  of  the  heart,  into  the  pulmonary  vessels,  passing 
from  the  larger  to  the  smaller  until  ultimately  it  was  stopped  by 
plugging  a  vessel  too  small  for  its  further  progress.  This  condi- 
tion of  secondary  plugging  he  called  '  embolism,'  and  the  plug  of 
coagulated  blood  he  called  an  '  embolus ' ;  the  condition  of  the  lung 
tissue  consequent  upon  this  cutting  off  of  the  local  blood  supply 
by  the  embolus  we  call  an  '  inf arct,'  or  a  condition  of  '  infarction.' 
Now  as  this  formation  of  infarcts  of  the  lung  had  been  one  of  the 
strong  arguments  of  the  believers  in  the  theory  of  capillary  phlebi- 
tis, the  whole  groundwork  of  a  false  hypothesis  was  cut  away  at 
one  blow.  But  Virchow  was  not  satisfied  with  the  simple  obser- 
vation of  conditions  as  found  at  autopsy;  he  followed  the  question 
up  by  experiment,  and  by  introducing  foreign  bodies  such  as  rubber 
into  the  circulation  of  dogs,  so  as  to  produce  artificial  emboli,  he 
was  able  to  more  fully  explain  the  condition  and  effects  of  em- 
bolism; but  especially  these  experiments  entitle  him  to  be  consid- 
ered one  of  the  pioneers  of  that  experimental  pathology  which  was 
to  do  so  much  for  the  advance  of  our  knowledge.  Although  much 
valuable  work  was  done  subsequently  upon  the  subject  of  throm- 
bosis and  embolism  by  other  men,  and  especially  by  Virchow's 
most  celebrated  pupil,  Cohnheim,  yet  it  is  marvellous  how  com- 
plete was  this  first  demonstration  of  the  facts.  • 

It  is  said  that  during  the  revolutionary  year  of  1848,  when  no 
doubt  Virchow's  democratic  ideas  were  as  well  known  and  as  vigor- 
ously pushed  by  him  as  his  notions  upon  embolism,  he  was  making 
an  autopsy  upon  a  patient  of  Schonlein  who  was  supposed  to  have 
died  of  cerebral  haemorrhage;  upon  opening  up  the  brain  he  demon- 
strated to  the  latter  an  embolus  plugging  the  middle  cerebral 
artery.  Schonlein  turned  away  with  the  remark:  "  OJ  you  see  bar- 
ricades everywhere." 

But  Virchow's  study  of  emboli  led  him  still  further.  Noting 
that  sometimes  the  embolus  gave  rise  to  a  local  abscess  and  that 
this  depended  upon  the  condition  of  the  clot  from  which  it  had* 
originated,  he  gained  an  insight  into  the  whole  question  of  metas- 
tasis, which  became  immensely  important  when  he  came  to  study 
the  development  of  malignant  tumors;  at  the  same  time  he  got  a 
conception  of  the  condition  called  infection,  which  had  immediate 
bearing  oh  the  disease  pyaemia  or  blood  poisoning. 

His  investigations  into  the  subject  of  inflammations  turned  his- 
attention  to  the  question  of  the  reaction  of  ordinary  tissue  cells,. 


VIRCHOW.  47 

whence  there  resulted  a  valuable  contribution  upon  the  subject 
of  parenchymatous  inflammation,  opening  up  a  new  standpoint 
which  was  most  important  in  the  development  of  his  ideas  on  cel- 
lular pathology.  In  this  piece  of  work  he  pointed  out  that  the 
changes  which  one  sees  in  the  parenchymatous  cells,  that  is,  the 
swelling  and  increase  in  numbers  of  the  cells,  were  simply  indica- 
tions of  an  abnormal  activity  of  all  or  certain  of  the  processes  of 
nutrition,  which  ended  in  a  degeneration  of  the  ceil.  In  this 
research  the  author's  attention  was  especially  directed  towards  the 
connective  tissues,  and  there  resulted  the  discovery  of  the  connec- 
tive tissue  cell,  and  of  the  cells  of  the  bone  and  cartilage,  and  the 
demonstration  that  the  cells  were  all  of  the  same  nature  and  that 
the  tissues  were  related  tissues.  These  observations  on  connective 
tissue  were  of  the  highest  importance  for  Virchow's  own  develop- 
ment, because  they  enabled  him  to  clear  his  mind  from  the  last  re- 
maining taint  of  the  humoralists  and  to  understand  properly  the 
whole  question  of  cell  formation. 

Schwann,  the  discoverer  of  the  animal  cell,  had  propounded  a 
theory  for  the  explanation  of  the  origin  of  the  cell  which  was  en- 
tirely based  on  humoralistic  ideas.  This  was  the  theory  of  the 
blastema;  he  conceived  that  the  cell  originated  by  a  kind  of  organic 
crystallization  from  a  plastic  material  which  he  named  the  blas- 
tema, a  fluid;  in  fact,  that  the  particles  in  this  fluid  became  massed 
together  to  form  the  nucleus,  and  that  around  this  the  cell  pro- 
toplasm was  deposited  by  a  process  essentially  similar  to  crystal- 
lization. This  blastema  theory  of  Schwann  was,  as  Virchow  him- 
self says,  the  obstacle  over  which  he  stumbled. 

Xot  only  Yirchow,  but  most  of  the  other  younger  investigators 
of  that  day,  accepted  the  blastema  theory,  and  were  looking  for 
facts  to  support  it,  and  were  endeavouring  upon  this  hypothesis  to 
account  for  the  formation  of  all  the  different  cells  of  the  body.  One 
of  the  strongest  arguments  for  this  view  was  the  occurrence  of 
certain  granular  cells  in  those  areas,  especially  inflammatory, 
where  new  cells  were  being  formed;  besides  these  granular  cells 
there  were  found  pigment  cells,  blood-corpuscle  holding  cells,  and 
others  which  were  taken  to  be  proofs  of  the  origin  of  these  struc- 
tures from  a  granular  blastema.  Virchow  was  able  to  show  that 
these  cells  had  acquired  the  granular  character,  or  had  become 
secondarily  loaded  with  the  pigment  masses  or  the  blood  corpuscles. 
Especially  the  correct  interpretation  of  the  granular  cells,  the  fact 
that  they  were  degenerating  cells,  was  of  the  greatest  importance. 
As  he  says  in  an  article  in  the  hundredth  volume  of  the  Arcliiv, 

"  These  investigations  nave  a  very  great  value  for  the  history  of  a 
human  error;  these  granular  cells  were  regarded  as  individual  steps  in 
a  developmental  series  and  they  had  been  carefully  and  accurately  placed 


48  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY. 

in,  their  correct  order;  no  objection  could  be  raised  against  the  order,  only 
..unfortunate  chance  had  willed  that  the  series  had  been  begun  at  the  wrong 
end,  and  that  what  were,  really,  cells  in  course  of  degeneration  were  thought 
•to  be  cells  in  the  course  of  development.  The  arrangement  was  right,  the 
chronology  was  wrong.  The  opponents  of  experimental  methods,  the  anti- 
vivisectionists,  should  learn  from  this  what  difficulties  are  presented  by 
purely  anatomical  investigation;  and  to  what  gross  and  long  persisting 
fundamental  errors  they  may  lead." 

These  researches  upon  the  development  of  the  cells  of  the  body, 
and  especially  the  study  of  the  connective  tissue  cell  in  health  and 
disease  and  its  embryological  history,  finally  lead  Virchow  to  see 
that  nowhere  do  cells  originate  from  a  formless  blastema,  but  that 
they  always  result  from  the  division  of  previously  existing  cells, 
and  he  finally  announced  the  fundamental  truth  of  the  cellular 
pathology  in  his  famous  modification  of  Harvey's  dictum,  Omnis 
dellula  e  cellula.  It  is  difficult  indeed  to  overestimate  the  far  reach- 
ing influence  of  this  doctrine,  not  only  for  pathology  but  for  the 
whole  of  biology.  With  its  recognition  was  swept  away  the  whole 
system  of  the  humoral  pathologists,  and  with  it  a  crowd  of  other 
speculative  hypotheses,  and  the  investigation  of  disease  was  able 
'to  proceed  upon  a  rational  scientific  path.  By  it  was  settled  or 
rather  should  have  been  settled  the  question  of  spontaneous  gener- 
ation. 

During  all  these  years  of  work  Virchow's  position  as  a  univer- 
sity teacher  was  undergoing  considerable  change;  in  1848  he  was 
sent  by  the  Prussian  Government  to  investigate  the  outbreak  of 
typhus  in  Upper  Silesia,  and  on  his  return  he  published  a  report 
such  as  few  governments  have  ever  received  from  one  of  their 
own  officials.  After  a  masterly  discussion  of  the  history  and  course 
of  the  disease,  with  its  symptoms,  pathological  findings  and  its  treat- 
ment, he  proceeds  to  discuss  the  cause  of  such  an  outbreak  and  the 
remedies  to  be  used  to  prevent  a  recurrence. 

And  he  does  not  in  the  slightest  mince  his  words ;  he  shows  that 
the  conditions  which  gave  rise  to  the  famine,  and  following  it  the 
fever,  were  first,  the  stupidity  of  the  whole  group  of  Prussian  offi- 
cials in  their  bureaucratic  methods  of  dealing,  with  what  was  an 
alien  Polish  population,  then  the  heartlessness  of  both  the  aris- 
tocracy of  birth  and  of  money  in  their  treatment  of  their  tenants 
and  their  workpeople,  and  lastly  in  the  attitude  of  the  Roman 
Catholic  hierarchy,  which  had  kept  the  peasants  in  the  deepest 
ignorance.  His  remedy  was  characteristic :  "  Democracy  pure  and 
unalloyed."  His  suggestion  that  the  education  of  these  people 
should  be'  begun  by  giving  them  Polish  schools  and  that  they 
should  not  attempt  to  Germanize  them  by  insisting  on  German 
schools,  is  of  interest  at  the  present  day,  in  view  of  the  troubles 
that  the  government  of  Germany  is  still  having  in  this  very  dis- 


VIRCHOW.  49 

trict.  His  return  from  Silesia  was  just  at  the  time  of  the  revolu- 
tion of  1848,  and  he  at  once  threw  himself  into  the  midst  of  the 
political  struggle  over  the  election  of  delegates  to  the  German 
national  assembly,  for  which  he  was  a  candidate.  His  language  in 
his  political  speeciies  at  this  time  must  have  been  most  uncomprom- 
ising and  did  not  tend  to  conciliate  a  government  still  smarting 
under  the  lash  of  his  report  upon  the  typhua  epidemic.  It  is  said 
that  on  one  occasion  in  referring  to  the  question  of  heredity,  he 
said  that  he  knew  of  one  exalted  family  in  which  the  grandfather 
had  softening  of  the  brain,  the  father  hardening  of  the  brain,  and 
the  son  no  brains  at  all.  And  this  wras  known  to  be  a  reference  to 
the  royal  family  of  Prussia,  It  was  natural  then  that  he  should 
have  been  very  much  a  person  non  grata  in  official  circles,  and, 
as  a  result,  his  lectureship  in  the  university  was  taken  from  him; 
this  however  caused  such  an  uproar  in  university  circles  and  drew 
such  protests  not  only  from  his  colleagues,  but  also  from  all  the 
medical  societies,  that  the  government  speedily  reinstated  him,  with 
however  greatly  restricted  powers.  Conditions  were  unsatisfactory, 
so  that  when  he  was  offered  the  newly  established  chair  in  Pathology 
in  the  University  of  Wiirzburg  he  accepted,  and  in  1849  left  Prus- 
sia for  Wiirzburg.  As  professor  of  Pathology  he  remained  at 
Wiirziburg  until  1856;  throughout  this  period  he  contributed  ex- 
tensively not  only  to  his  own  Archiv,  but  also  to  other  journals,  and 
about  this  time  edited  a  text  book  on  Special  Pathology,  and  col- 
laborated with  Vogel  in  one  on  General  Pathology,  in  which  ap- 
peared in  concrete  form  the  elements  of  those  doctrines  which 
were  more  fully  embodied  in  his  Cellular  Pathology. 

In  the  year  1856,  Virchow  was  recalled  to  Berlin  to  fill  the  new 
chair  of  Pathology,  his  recall  being  practically  forced  upon  the 
government  by  the  medical  public  opinion  of  the  capital.  He  re- 
turned, but  only  upon  conditions,  one  of  which  being  that  there 
should  be  erected  an  institute  for  practical  research.  On  his  return 
he  found  the  museum  of  Morbid  Anatomy  possessing  only  about 
1,500  specimens;  at  his  eightieth  birthday  celebration  he  was  able 
to  state  that  the  new  museum  recently  erected  by  the  Prussian 
Government  at  a  cost  of  over  500,000  marks,  contained  over  23,000 
specimens;  a  very  pregnant  example  of  his  activity  along  only  one 
line  of  pathological  work. 

In  the  year  1858  appeared  his  great  work  upon  Cellular  Patho- 
logy. This  was  a  course  of  lectures  delivered  in  the  early  part  of 
the  year,  chiefly  to  his  colleagues  and  medical  men  in  the  city  of 
Berlin,  the  full  title  of  the  work  being  Cellular  Pathology  as  based 
upon  Physiological  and  Pathological  Histology.  I  have  outlined 
to  you  already  the  investigations  which  led  up  to  the  conceptions 


50  UNIVERSITY   OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY. 

embodied  in  this  book.     Its  success  was  immediate  and  it  was  at 
once  translated  into  all  the  European  languages. 

The  position  reached  in  these  lectures  is  broadly  this,  that  the 
cell  is  the  unit  of  the  body,  in  health  and  disease,  that  disease  of 
an  organ  is  disease  of  the  cells  of  that  organ,  disease  of  the  body 
disease  of  the  cells  of  the  body,  and  that  those  manifestations 
which  we  call  pathological  are  simply  abnormal  manifestations  of 
otherwise  normal  processes;  in  fact  that  pathology  is  simply  a 
branch  of  the  science  of  biology. 

The  test  of  the  value  of  this  conception  of  Virchow's  is,  that, 
year  by  year,  as  new  facts  were  discovered,  they  fell  naturally  into 
place,  and  I  can  recall  no  better  example  of  this  than  the  way  in 
which  the  neuron  concept  and  all  our  later  knowledge  of  the  patho- 
logy of  the  central  nervous  system  has  naturally  fallen  into  line 
with  the  cellular  pathology. 

From  1863  to  1867  appeared  his  work  upon  malignant  tumors 
under  the  title  "  Die  krankhafte  Geschwulste."  This  was  an  em- 
bodiment of  all  those  studies  on  tumours  and  their  development 
which  had  appeared  at  different  times  in  the  Archiv.  His  studies 
upon  the  origin  of  the  tissue  cell  had  directed  him  to  the  proper 
explanation  of  the  question  of  histogenesis ;  his  work  upon  emboli 
had  cleared  up  the  whole  subject  of  the  spread  of  these  tumours  in 
the  body,  that  is,  the  subject  of  metastasis;  and  his  investigations 
into  the  subject  of  the  connective  tissue  cell,  enabled  him  to  separ- 
ate clearly  the  carcinomata  or  epithelial  tumours  from  sarcomata  or 
connective  tissue  tumours.  This  great  work  was  unfortunately 
never  completed,  and  although  it  contained  errors  it  still  remains 
one  of  the  most  exact  pieces  of  investigation  which  we  have  upon 
the  subject. 

Succeeding  years  produced  longer  works  upon  chlorosis,  syphilis, 
trichinosis  and  other  subjects,  but  as  time  passed  his  activities  on 
the  side  of  pathology  became  more  critical  than  productive,  owing 
largely  to  the  fact,  fhat  his  interests  had  become  so  extended  that 
he  was  unable  to  devote  as  much  time  to  the  exacting  work  of  ex- 
perimental pathological  investigation.  His  duties  as  a  teacher,  how- 
ever, were  ever  his  first  thought,  and  his  museum  was  watched  over 
and  developed  with  zeal  to  the  very  last;  in  fact  during  the  last 
few  years  of  his  life,  he  was  accustomed  to  spend  an  hour  every 
Sunday  in  explaining  to  the  public  who  were  admitted  to  certain 
rooms,  the  meaning  and  significance  of  the  specimens.  Indeed  in 
his  interest  in  the  scientific  education  of  the  public,  especially  of 
the  working  classes,  he  was  singulArly  like  Huxley,  and  like  Huxley 
he  devoted  not  a  small  portion  of  his  time  to  this  object. 


VIRCHOW.  51 

In  spite  of  his  separation  from  the  active  work  of  pathological 
investigation  in  later  years,  one  sees  how  closely  in  touch  he  re- 
mained with  it  all,  when  one  reads  his  public  addresses,  such  as  the 
Croonian  lecture  of  1893  and  the  Huxley  lecture  of  1898. 

Virchow's  mind  seems  to  have  been  of  such  a  character  that  he 
was  compelled  to  follow  out  with  the  same  faithfulness  the  side 
lines  that  opened  up  before  him  as  he  did  his  special  work  of  patho- 
logy. And  thus  we  find  that  his  experiences  in  the  Silesian  typhus 
epidemic  not  only  threw  him  into  the  whirlpool  of  politics,  but  pro- 
bably also  was  responsible  for  that  interest  in  public  sanitation 
which  in  after  years  proved  of  such  immense  importance  to  the 
city  of  Berlin.  In  the  same  way  his  study  of  cretinism  gradually 
turned  his  attention  to  Anthropology,  to  which  science  he  was  so 
devoted  in  after  life. 

I  have  alluded  to  his  political  activities,  and  certainly  these  de- 
serve more  than  a  passing  notice.  In  1862  he  was  elected  as  a 
radical  member  to  the  Prussian  Diet  and  he  remained  in  that  cham- 
ber until  his  death,  as  leader  of  the  radical  party  and  Bismarck's 
most  redoubtable  opponent;  it  is  said,  that  when  in  1865,  he  de- 
feated the  government  upon  a  motion  to  create  a  navy,  Bismarck 
was  so  incensed  as  to  challenge  him  to  a  duel,  an  honour,  however, 
which  he  declined.  His  political  work  took  not  a  small  portion  of 
his  time;  for  many  years  he  was  chairman  of  the  finance  committee 
of  the  house.  That  he  did  not  find  his  political  activities  interfer- 
ing in  his  regular  scientific  work  shows  what  immense  powers  of 
concentration  he  had.  However,  when  remonstrated  with  once, 
upon  wasting  his  time  in  politics,  he  said:  "The  dates  of  many 
of  my  lectures  will  prove  that  even  on  these  days  on  which  impor- 
tant matters  claimed  the  attention  of  parliament  I  have  attended  to 
my  duties  as  a  teacher.  To  set  at  rest  the  anxiety  of  my  friends  I 
will  add  that  the  silent  and  often  unnoticed  labor  of  the  scientist  re- 
quires more  energy  and  greater  effort  than  the  activity  of  the  poli- 
tician, which  is  both  noisier  and  more  speedily  appreciated.  The 
latter  avocation  has  appeared  often  to  be  rather  a  recreation.^ 
In  1880  he  was  elected  to  the  Reichstag  and  remained  a  member 
of  that  body  for  some  years,  until,  in  fact,  he  was  defeated  by  a 
Socialist  candidate,  a  commentary  upon  the  fickleness  of  the  elec- 
tors of  Berlin.  As  a  municipal  politician  he  occupied  the  position 
of  a  member  of  the  Berlin  municipal  council  for  forty  years,  and 
during  that  period  he  initiated  and  carried'  out  the  whole  system  of 
public  sanitation  which  has  made  Berlin  one  of  the  healthiest  cities 
of  the  world.  The  system  of  sewage  disposal  by  filtration  upon  the 
beds  of  the  sewage  farm  to  the  north  of  the  citv  was  the  scheme  to 
which  he  devoted  his  greatest  .energies,  and  which  he  carried  through 
in  the  teeth  of  strong  opposition;  and  from  the  time  of  its  inception 


52  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY. 

until  his  final  illness  lie  made  his  own  special  care  the  health  of  the 
work-people  upon  the  filter  beds.  It  was  with  considerable  pride,. 
th»  refore,  that  he  could  point  to  them  as  as  healthy  as  any  other 
class  in  the  whole  population  of  Berlin.  The  housing  of  the  work- 
ing classes,  the  system  of  city  hospitals,  and  many  other  sanitary 
improvements  which  have  made  Berlin  so  celebrated,  are  due  also 
to  his  personal  interest. 

There  is  yet  another  side  to  Virchow's  life  to  which  reference 
must  be  made.  That  is  to  the  work  which  he  did  in  the  science  of 
Anthropology.  He  was  apparently  led  into  this  by  his  interest  in 
the  pathology  of  the  skull  and  especially  by  his  studies  on  cretin- 
ism. But  once  his  attention  was  attracted  to  it,  he  made  the  sub- 
ject his  own,  and  his  investigations  in  that  science  alone  would 
have  sufficed  to  make  him  famous.  As  Professor  Franz  Boas- 
points  out,  in  a  recent  number  of  Science,  the  beginnings  of  his 
work  coincide  with  the  beginnings  of  modern  physical  Anthro- 
pology in  Germany,  and  no  man  has  done  more  to  shape,  guide 
and  foster  this  science  than  Virchow.  He  took  a  leading  part  in 
the  formation  of  the  German  Anthropological  Society,  the  Berlin 
Society,  and  in  the  establishment  of  the  Archivfilr  Anthropologie. 
In  connection  with  the  German  Society,  he  initiated  the  collection 
of  statistics  as  to  the  distribution  of  the  colour  of  the  skin,  eyes  and 
hair  in  Germany,  and  the  results  of  this  enquiry,  with  an  extended 
discussion  of  the  distribution  of  the  different  types,  was  embodied  in 
a  report  by  himself.  In  the  allied  subject  of  Archaeology  he  also 
took  great  interest,  and  in  the  year  1879  he  accompanied  his  friend 
Schliemann  to  Asia  Minor,  partly  to  assist  him  in  his  excavations 
at  Hissarlik  on  the  site  of  ancient  Troy,  but  partly  also  for  the  sake 
of  the  holiday,  which  he  needed  badly.  His  interest  in  the  Trojan 
remains  was  very  great,  but  it  was  characteristic  of  him  that  he 
should  show  even  greater  interest  in  the  living  inhabitants  "  upon 
the  plains  of  windy  Troy."  He  found  them  without  medical  at- 
tendance and  with  but  the  crudest  notions  in  regard  to  the  treat- 
ment of  the  prevalent  diseases,  and  he  began  to  prescribe  first  for 
Schliemann's  work-people  upon  the  excavations  and  then  for  the 
villagers  around,  until  at  last  his  practice  became  so  large  that  twice 
a  day  he  had  to  examine  long  lines  of  waiting  sick,  so  that  he  had 
little  time  for  Archaeology  or  rest.  In  order  to  enable  them  to 
obtain  the  necessary  medicines  he  taught  them  the  uses  of  the 
various  medicinal  plants  that  grew  in  abundance  about  them.  The 
only  reward  was  the  deep  gratitude,  even  veneration,  of  the  people. 
Schliemann  relates  that  a  spring  of  water  which  broke  out  from  an 
excavation  which  Virchow  was  superintending  was  afterwards  re- 
garded as  of  almost  miraculous  value;  it  was  carefully  surrounded 
by  stones  and  named  the  physician's  well. 


VIRCHOW.  53 

In  connection  with  Virchow's  anthropological  work,  it  is  import- 
ant to  touch  for  a  moment  upon  his  supposed  attitude  towards 
Darwinism,  an  attitude  which  was  persistently  misrepresented  by  the 
opponents  of  the  doctrine  of  evolution.  In  1877,  at  a  meeting  of 
the  German  naturalists  and  physicians,  he  took  occasion  to  refer  to 
the  doctrine  of  evolution,  chiefly  from  the  standpoint  of  Anthro- 
pology. The  address  was  at  once  taken  to  be  an  out-and-out  attack 
on  the  whole  doctrine  and  was  considered  of  so  much  importance 
that  the  Times  published  it  almost  in  full.  As  a  matter  of  fact, 
the  address  was  directed  against  the  too  hasty  acceptance  of  un- 
proved hypotheses,  and  by  any  one  who  knew  the  history  of  his 
early  struggles  with  the  older  ideas  in  pathology  his  attitude  is 
easily  understood;  he  was  in  fact  ever  afterwards  extremely  con- 
servative towards  all  hypotheses,  and  his  warning  on  this  occasion 
was  this,  against  teaching  that  the  doctrine  of  descent  should  be 
taken  as  a  proved  fact  whilst  it  was  still  an  hypothesis;  what  he 
most  feared  was  that  the  doctrine  of  evolution  would  lead  to  the 
spread  of  socialism  among  the  masses,  with  the  same  consequences 
which  the  doctrine  of  the  equality  of  man  had  in  the  days  of  the 
French  Revolution.  His  language  was  in  places  most  sarcastic, 
and  the  address  drew  from  Haeckel,  who  was  specially  attacked, 
a  bitter  reply.  His  strong  conservatiyeness  in  Anthropology  is 
shown  also  in  his  attitude  towards  the  interpretation  of  the  signi- 
ficance of  the  Neanderthal  skull;  this  famous  relic  of  primitive 
man  presents  certain  characters  which  were  taken  by  most  anthro- 
pologists to  indicate  a  lower  mental  development  than  that  seen  in 
the  later  prehistoric  crania.  Virchow's  position  was  one  of  re- 
serve; the  peculiarities  were  so  strikingly  like  certain  pathological 
conditions  that  he  thought  that  judgment  should  be  withheld  until 
other  examples  were  obtained  for  comparison. 

Perhaps  more  than  any  other  character  was  the  breadth  of  view 
which  Yirchow  maintained  until  the  very  last.  Professor  Osier  of 
Johns  Hopkins  University,  in  his  address  in  Medicine  at  the  meet- 
ing of  the  Canadian  Medical  Association,  a  few  weeks  ago,  took 
as  his  text  Chauvinism  in  Medicine;  perhaps  there  has  never  lived 
a  better  example  of  absence  of  Chauvinism  than  Virchow.  He 
was  truly  a  cosmopolitan,  and  when  one  reads,  for  instance,  his  tri- 
bute to  Glisson  in  the  Croonian  lecture  of  1893,  or  remembers  his 
reference  to  Lister  in  the  Huxley  lecture  of  1898,  when  in  the 
midst  of  the  lecture  he  turned  to  grasp  the  hand  of  Lister  as  he  sat 
on  the  platform  beside  him,  one  sees  that  for  English  medicine  at 
least  he  had  a  very  great  appreciation ;  but  the  same  was  true  also 
in  regard  to  French  and  Italian  medicine:  he  first  taught  the  Ital- 
ians to  appreciate  Morgagni  as  he  taught  the  English  to  appreciate 
Glisson.  And  he  ever  taught  that  medicine  knows  no  national 
boundaries. 


-54  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY. 

In  1891  his  seventieth  birthday  was  celebrated;  it  was  a  triumph 
which  few  men  have  experienced,  but  it  sank  into  insignificance 
before  the  much  greater  celebration  of  his  eightieth  birthday  last 
October.  On  this  occasion  delegates  appeared  at  Berlin  from  the 
whole  civilized  world  to  congratulate  the  master.  On  account  of 
his  age,  he  was  not  allowed  to  know  anything  of  the  extent  of  the 
fete  beforehand,  but  was  carefully  watched  and  guarded  from  all 
fatigue  by  his  friend  Waldeyer.  The  celebration  lasted  a  week, 
and  in  spite  of  his  age  everyone  was  struck  by  his  activity  and  the 
keenness  of  his  mind. 

In  a  very  characteristic  article  in  the  December  number  of  the 
Archiv  of  last  year,  he  returns  thanks  for  the  honours  and  con- 
gratulations that  were  showered  upon  him  on  that  occasion.  He 
says  in  one  place, 

"  For  the  quite  extraordinary  honours  that  have  been  conferred  on 
me,  I  can  do  nothing  more  than  repeat  my  warmest  and  heartiest  thanks. 
The  sense  of  obligation  is  too  great  to  permit  me  to  express  in  words  my 
feelirg.  And  I  am  now  too  old  to  begin  new  work  which  could  be  con- 
sidered a  fit  return.  I  shall  not  tire  in  working  as  long  as  my  powers 
hold  put.  But  I  can  promise  no  more,  than  that  I  will  endeavour  to  bring 
to  a  conclusion,  useful  for  the  world  at  large,  a  series  of  more  extensive 
investigations  which  I  began  in  my  youth." 

Are  we  not  reminded  of  Tennyson's  Ulysses? 

"  How  dull  it  is  to  pause,  to  make  an  end, 
To  rust  unburhished,  not  to  shine  in  use! 
As  tho'  to  breathe  were  Life.    Life  piled  on  life 
Were  all  too  little,  and  of  one  to  me 
Little  remains:   but  every  hour  is  saved 
From  that  eternal  silence,  something  more, 
A  bringer  of  new  things;  and  vile  it  were 
For  some  three  suns  to  store  and  hoard  myself, 
And  this  gray  spirit  yearning  in  desire 
To  follow  knowledge  like  a  sinking  star, 
Beyond  the  utmost  bound  of  human  thought." 

If,  in  closing,  we  attempt  to  sum  up  what  Virchow's  influence  in 
medicine  has  been,  we  see  that  it  has  been  far  naore  than  the  clear- 
ing up  of  our  views  upon  individual  pathological  conditions,  such 
as  thrombosis  and  embolism,  or  the  histogenesis  of  tumours,  or  even 
the  pathology  of  the  cell.  It  is  something  very  much  greater  and 
broader.  It  was,  first  of  all,  the  overthrow  of  the  authority  of 
dogma  and  the  establishment  of  the  authority  of  observed  fact. 
It  was  the  transplantation  of  medicine  from  the  barren  fields  of 
metaphysical  speculation  to  the  fruitful  soil  of  experimental  inves- 
tigation. It  was  indeed  the  establishment  of  a  new  point  of  view 
in  medicine,  the  point  of  view  of  medicine  as  a  biological  science. 

And,  if  in  an  earlier  paragraph  I  stated  that  I  did  not  propose 
this  evening  to  address  you  upon  the  need  of  a  biological  training 
in  medicine,  I  was  in  error,  for  what  more  concrete  example  could 
l>e  given  than  a  study  of  the  life  of  Virchow? 


TORONTONENSIA. 


55 


TOEONTONENSIA. 


UNIVERSITY   OF    TORONTO 

MONTHLY. 

ADDRESS  ALL  COMMUNICATIONS  FOR 
PUBLICATION  TO  THE  SECRETARY,  UNI- 
VERSITY OF  TORONTO. 

Published  monthly,   October — June. 
Subscription    $1-00    a    year,  single    copies 

15  cts. 

All  subscriptions  are  credited  October- 
June. 

EDITORIAL   COMMITTEE. 
I.  H.  CAMERON,  M.B.,  Chairman. 
J.  C.  MCLENNAN,  Ph.D.,  Secretary. 
L.  E.  EMBREE,  M.A. ;    J.  MCGREGOR 
YOUNG,  B.A.;  H.  J.  CODY,  M.  A.;  J.  A. 
•COOPER,  B.A.,  LL.B.;  C.  C.  JAMES.  M.A.; 
GEO.  WILKIE,  B.A.;  J.  M.  CLARK,  M.A.; 
LL.B.,  K.C;  J.  W.MALLON,  B.A.,  LL.B.; 
HON.  S.  C.  BIGGS,  B.A.,  K.C. 


S.  J.  ROBERTSON,  B.A.,  Managing  Edi- 
tor. 


THE   UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO   ALUMNI 
ASSOCIATION  :   LOCAL  ORGANIZATIONS. 

GENERAL  ASSOCIATION.  —  President, 
DR.  R.  A.  REEVE,  Toronto.  Secretary, 
J  C.  MCLENNAN,  Ph.  D.,  Dean's  House, 
University  of  Toronto. 

ALGOMA,  DISTRICT  OF.  —  President, 
REV.  J,  ALLAN,  B.A.,  Sault  Ste.  Marie, 
Ont.;  Secretary-Treasurer,  LESLIE  A. 
GREEN,  B.A.,  Sault  Ste.  Marie,  Ont. 

BRANT  COUNTY.  —  President,  A.  J. 
WILKES,  LL.B.,  K.C.,  Brantford,  Ont.; 
Secretary,  M.  J.  KEANE,  M.B.,  Brant- 
ford,  Ont. 

BRITISH  COLUMBIA. — President,  REV. 
R.  WHITTINGTON,  M.A.,  B.Sc.,  Vancou- 
ver, B.C. 

ELGIN  COUNTY,  ONT. — President,  REV. 
CANON  HILL,  St.  Thomas.  Secretary, 
S.  SILCOX,  B.A.,  B.  Paed.,  St.  Thomas. 

FROXTENAC  COUNTY. —  President,  L.  H. 
SMYTHE,  M.A.,  LL.  D.  Secretary -Treasurer, 
E.  O.  SUTER,  M.A. 

GREY  AND  BRUCE.  —  President,  A.  G. 
McKAY,  B.A.,  Owen  Sound,  Ont. 
Secretary,  W.  D.  FERRIS,  M.B.,  Shallow 
Lake,  Ont. 

HASTINGS  COUNTY. — President,  LT.- 
COL.  W.  N.  PONTON,  M.A.,  Belleville. 
Secretary,  J.  T.  LUTON,  B.A.,  Belleville. 


HURON  COUNTY.  —  President,  WM. 
GUNN,  M.D.,  Clinton,  Ont.  Secretary- 
Treasurer,  CHAS.  GARROW,  B.A.,  LL.B., 
Goderich,  Ont. 

KENT  COUNTY.  —  President,  D.  S. 
PATTERSON,  B.A.,  Chatham,  Ont.  Sec- 
retary, Miss  GRACE  MCDONALD,  B.A., 
Chatham,  Ont. 

LENNOX  AND  ADDINGTON  COUNTIES. — 
President,  H.  M.  DEROCHB,  B.A.,  K.C., 
Napanee.  Secretary-Treasurer,  U.  J. 
FLACK,  M.A.,  Napanee. 

LINCOLN  COUNTY.— President,  JOHN 
HENDERSON,  M.A.,  St.  Catharines. 
Secretary-Treasurer,  G.  B.  BURSON,  B.A., 
St.  Catharines. 

MIDDLESEX  COUNTY.— President,  TAL- 
BOT  MACBETH,  B.A.,  K.C.,  London. 
Secretary-Treasurer,  F.  E.  PERRIN,  B.A., 
London. 

OTTAWA.— President,  E.  R.  CAMERON, 
M.A.,  Ottawa.  Secretary-Treasurer,  H. 
A.  BURBIDGE,  B.A.,  Ottawa. 

PERTH  COUNTY,  ONT. — President,  C.  J. 
MCGREGOR,  M.A.,  Stratford,  Ont. 
Secretary-Treasurer,  C.  A.  MAYBERRY, 
B.A.,  LL.B.,  Stratford,  Ont. 

PETERBOROUGH  COUNTY.  —  President, 
E  B.  EDWARDS,  B.A.,  LL.B.,  K.C,, 
Peterborough.  Secretary-Treasurer,  D. 
WALKER,  B.A.,  Peterborough. 

PRINCE  EDWARD  COUNTY.— President, 
M.  CURRIE,  B.A.,  M.B.,  Picton. 

SIMCOE  COUNTY. — President,  DONALD 
Ross,  B.A.,  LL.B.,  Barrie,  Ont;  Secre- 
tary-Treasurer, A.  F.  HUNTER,  M.A., 
Earriel,  Ont. 

VICTORIA  COUNTY. — President,  J.  C. 
HARSTONE,  B.A.,  Lindsay,  Ont.  Secre- 
tary-Treasurer, MISS  E.  G.  FLAVELLE, 
B.A.,  Lindsay,  Ont. 

WATERLOO  COUNTY.— President,  His 
HONOUR  JUDGE  CHISHOLM,  Berlin,  Ont 
Secretary-Treasurer,  REV.  W.  A.  BRAD- 
LEY, B.A.,  Berlin,  Ont. 

WELLINGTON  COUNTY,  ONT.  —  Presi- 
dent, WM.  TYTLER,  B.A.,  Guelph,  Ont. 
Secretary-Treasurer,  R.  L.  MCKINNON, 
B.A.,  LL.B.,  Guelph,  Ont 

WENTWORTH  COUNTY  GRADUATES' 
ASSOCIATION. — President,  J.  CHISHOLM, 
B.A.,  Hamilton,  Ont.  Secretary- 
Treasurer.  J.  T.  CRAWFORD,  B.A.,  Ham- 
ilton, Ont. 


56 


UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY. 


Faculty  Changes. 

The  following  appointments  have 
been  made  in  the  University  of  To- 
ronto: 

B.  A.  Bensley,  B.A.,  Ph.D.,  has  been 
made  Lecturer  in  Zoology  and  assist- 
ant curator  of  Museum. 

W.  H.  Piersol,  B.A.,  M.B.,  has  been 
made  Lecturer  in  Elementary  Biology 
and  Histology. 

J.  H.  Faull,  B.A.,  has  been  made  lec- 
turer on  Botany. 

J.  C.  Fields,  B.A.,  Ph.D.,  has  been 
made  special  Lecturer  in  Mathematics. 

The  following  appointments  have 
been  made  in  the  School  of  Practical 
Science  :  — 

H.  G.  McVean,  B.A.,  Sc.,  has  been 
made  Demonstrator  in  Mechanical 
Engineering,  and  H.  W.  Price,  B.A., 
Sc.,  Demonstrator  in  Electrical  Engi- 
neering. 

J.  G.  McMillan,  B.A.Sc.,  has  been 
made  Fellow  in  Mining  Engineering; 

M.  V.  Sauer,  B.A.Sc.,  Fellow  in  Elec- 
trical Engineering. 

E.  V.  Neelands,  Fellow  in  Surveying. 

A.  H.  McBride,  Grad.  S.P.S.,  Fellow 
in  Drawing. 

M.  C.  Boswell,  B.A.Sc.,  Lecture  As- 
sistant in  Chemistry. 

In  the  Faculty  of  Knox  College  a 
number  of  changes  have  been  rendered 
necessary  by  the  death  of  Professor  A. 
Halliday  Douglas.  The  senior  class 
in  Apologetics  will  be  conducted  by 
Professor  Ballantyne,  B.A.,  during  the 
present  session,  and  the  junior  class 
by  Rev.  A.  Gandier,  M.A.  The  class  in 
Homiletics  will  be  taught  by  the  Rev. 
Robt.  Johnston,  M.A.,  D.D. 


Principal  Caven's  Jubilee. 

The  Rev.  Wm.  Caven,  D.D.,  last 
month  completed  the  fiftieth  year  of 
his  service  in  the  Christian  ministry, 
the  thirty-sixth  of  his  professorship 
in  Knox  College  and  his  twenty-ninth 
as  Principal.  The  occasion  was  mark- 
ed by  a  banquet  given  to  the  Principal 
on  the  evening  of  October  6th  in  the 
Convocation  Hall  of  the  College  by  the 
Trustees,  the  Senate  and  the  Alumni, 
and  by  the  holding  of  a  public  re- 
ception the  following  evening  in  St. 
James'  Square1  Church,  at  which  the 
Presbytery  of  Toronto  presented  an 
address  and  representatives  of  differ- 
ent churches  were  present. 


In  proposing  the  toast  of  the  guest 
of  the  evening,  Wm.  Mortimer  Clark, 
K.C.,  chairman  of  the  Board  of  Trus- 
tees, paid  a  heartfelt  tribute  to  the 
many  excellencies  of  Principal  Caven, 
with  whom  he  had  been  associated  for 
twenty-two  years.  Speaking  of  his 
work  in  the  college,  he  said  he  had 
raised  up  among  the  students  a  race 
of  men  who  were  employed  in  the  ser- 
vice of  the  Church,  doing  credit  to  him 
and  to  the  college,  and  year  by  year  a 
number  of  men  had  gone  forth  from 
the  college  to  all  parts  of  the  world. 
There  were  men  all  over  the  world 
who  received  the  benefit  of  the  instruc- 
tion of  Principal  Caven,  and  who  were 
to-day  living  to  be  an  honour  to  him. 
Mr.  Clark  said  he  had  been  frequently 
struck  with  the  painstaking  manner 
with  which  Principal  Caven  always 
discharged  his  duties.  The  conscien- 
tious mind  of  the  man  had  been  ex- 
ercised in  every  action  of  his  life  in 
connection  with  the  officei  with  which 
the  Church  had  entrusted  him. 

When  he  had  thanked  the  chairman 
and  the  guests  for  their  kindly  senti- 
ments, Principal  Caven  spoke  briefly 
of  his  first  pastorate,  and  his  journeys 
through  densely  wooded  Ontario  in  the 
days  of  blazed  trails,  of  his  coming  to 
Knox  in  1865  to  succeed  the  late  Geo. 
Paxton  Young,  and  of  the  fathers  of 
the  Church  who  taught  beside  him,  and 
their  successors,  of  whom  some  then 
sat  on  the,  students'  benches. 

After  referring  at  some  length  to  the 
union  of  the  various  branches  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church  in  Canada,  of 
which  he  was  one  of  the  chief  pro- 
moters, and  the  union  of  the  Methodist 
Church,  he  said:  "  My  humble  hope 
is  that  larger  unions  still  await  us. 
I  love  the  definition  of  the  Church 
which  is  given  in  our  confession,  and 
it  is  almost  identical  with  the  defini- 
tion in  the  thirty-nine  articles;  the 
Church  of  Christ  consists  of  aa  the 
professing  people  of  God  with  their 
children.  And  if  tnat  is  true,  then  I 
say  that  union  has  not  yet  fully  ac- 
complished its  work.  We  have  spirit- 
ual union.  We  have  real  union  in 
Christ.  In  the  case  of  all  believers, 
happily,  we  cannot  hinder  that,  and 
we  rejoice  in  it.  But  for  my  own  part, 
I  long  to  see  the  time  when  this  in- 
ward spiritual  union  will  work  itseii 
out  and  complete  itself  in  formal 


TOEONTONENSIA. 


visible  union.  I  am  looking'  for  that 
union.  We  cannot  precipitate*  it,  we 
cannot  force  it  on  faster  than  th^  senti- 
ment of  the  various  communion  s  will 
allow.  I  trust  the  time  will  soon  t'ome 
when  '  Ephraim  shall  no  longer  eu'vy 
Judah  and  Judah  shall  no  longer  ve:.^ 
Ephraim '  but  they  shall  be  one  in  the  i 
Lord." 

The  spiritual  needs  of  the  growing 
North-West  were  strongly  urged,  and 
the  Principal  closed  with  renewed  ac- 
knowledgments of  the  kindness  of  his 
brethren  and  friends,  and  an  eloquent 
and  touching  reference  to  the  snort- 
ening  of  life's  day,  expressing  a  hope 
that  his1  last  work  should  be  more 
earnest  than  that  which  had  gone  be- 
fore. 

The  toast  of  Canada  was  proposed 
by  the  Rev.  Win.  McLaren,  D.D.,  and 
responded  to  by  the  Premier,  the  Hon. 
G.  W.  Ross,  who  spoke  of  Dr.  Caven's 
labours  as  an  educationist,  of  which  he 
had  an  opportunity  to  judge  while 
Minister  of  Education.  The  toast  of 
Educational  Institutions  was  proposed 
by  the  Rev.  J.  McD.  Duncan,  B.A., 
B.D.,  and  responded  to  by  President 
Loudon  and  Dr.  Watson,  vice-principal 
of  Queen's  University.  To  the  toast  ol 
Alma  Mater,  proposed  by  the  Rev.  John 
Neil,  B.A.,  the  Rev.  John  Somerville, 
M.A.,  D.D.,  the!  Rev.  Thos.  Eakin.  M.A., 
W.  G.  Wilson,  B.A.,  and  P.  H.  Bryce, 
M.A.,  M.D.,  responded.  Dr.  Bryce  re- 
cited a  poem  composed  in  honour  of 
Principal  Caven's  jubilee,  of  which  we 
publish  part. 

"A    MODERN     ST.     CHRYSOSTOM." 

But    like    his    prototype,    in    fragrant 

groves 

.Of  Academe  on  fair  Orontes'  banks, 
Our  modern  saint  discipled  those  he 

loves, 
With  words  of  wisdom,  ever  giving 

thanks. 
Till,  after  growing  years,  the  goodly 

sheaf 
Is  garnered,  and  the  choicest  fruits, 

wide-spread 

A  continent  half  o'er,  the  laurel  bear 
To  crown  with  honour  their  loved 
Master's  head. 


Wycliffe   Convocation  Hall. 

The  opening,  on  October  7th,  of  the 
Convocation  Hall  in  connection  with 
Wycliffe  College,  just  completed,  was 


the  occasion  of  a  brilliant  gathering 
N.  W.  Hoyles,  K.C.,  LL.D.,  president:  or 
the  Corporation  of  Wycliffe  College 
presided.  The  Hon.  Richard  Har- 
court,  Minister  of  Education,  sporke 
very  highly  of  the  work  done  in  W-y- 
cliffe  College,  and  ascribed  the  success 
attained  largely  to  the  labours  of  th.e 
Principal,  Rev.  Dr.  Sheraton. 

The  Chancellor  of  the  University, 
Sir  Wm.  Meredith,  congratulated  the 
.-jollege  on  its  work  in  thoroughly  edu- 
cating its  students,  saying  that  the 
successful  minister's  equipment  must 
em, "race  learning  and  culture. 

Speaking  of  the  hall  itself  the  Chan- 
cellor- referred  to  the  want  of  provi- 
sion for  meetings  of  convocation  in  the 
University,  and  deplored  the  prevailing 
apathy;  to  the  needs  of  the  Provincial 
University.  He  said  that  the  highest 
educatioual  body  in  the  rich  Province 
of  Ontario  should  be  properly  equip- 
ped, but  the  increasing  expenses  of 
modern  times  have  gone  beyond  its' 
resources  for  want  of  support  from  the 
Province.  He  thought  that  legislation 
which  would  so  endow  the  University 
as  to  enable  it  to  meet  the  require- 
ments of  to-day,  would  have  the  sup- 
port of  the  people  of  Ontario. 

Speeches  were  also  delivered  by  Rev. 
Principal  Sheraton,  Professor  Cody, 
Rev.  J.  O.  Crisp,  M.A.,  Mr.  Stapelton 
Caldecott  and  Hon.  §.  H.  Blake. 

The  hall,  which  c6st  about  $20,000, 
has1  a  very  pleasing  appearance.  The 
interior  is  of  pressed  brictr,  and  it  is 
finished  in  natural  wood  oi,  a  light 
colour.  Below  the  hall  the  library  is 
situated,  in  which  steel  shelf  staking 
is  being  installed,  and  every  provtajon 
made  for  the*  proper  care  of  the  book*. 

Recent  Faculty  Publications. 

Alfred  Baker,  M.A.,  University  of 
Toronto,  "  On  the  Co-Relation  of  the 
Sheaf  of  Rays  of  the  Second  Order  and 
the  Curve  of  the  Second  Order  in  Geo- 
metry of  Position,"  in  "  Proceedings 
of  the  Royal  Society  of  Canada,"  1902. 

B.  Arthur  Bensley,  B.A.,  Ph.D.,  Lni- 
vei  sity  of  Toronto,  "  On  the  Question 
ol  an  Arboreal  Ancestry  of  the  Marsu- 
pialia,  and  the  Inter-relationships  of 
the  Mammalian  Sub-classes."  "  Ameri- 
can Naturalist;"  vol.  35,  No.  410,  pp. 
117-138. 

—  "A  Theory  of  the1  Origin  and 
Evolution  of  the  Australian  Marsupia- 


UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY. 


li.t."  "  American  Naturalist;"  vol.  35, 
1MJ.  412,  pp.  245-269.  (Preliminary  to 
tl-e  next.) 

"  On   the   Origin  and   Evolu- 
tion   of    the    Australian    Marsupialia, 


actions.; '  Presidential  address  before 
the  Nr&tural  Science  Section  of  the 
Educ'dtional  Association  of  Ontario. 


Remarks  on  the  Relationships  of 
the  Marsupials  in  General."  Phil. 
Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  London.  (In  press.) 

"  On     the     Identification     of 

Mylohyoid  and  Meckelian  Grooves  in 
the    Jaws    of    Mesozoic    and    Recenlc 
Mammalia."     "  University  of  Toront  'o 
Studies.'"     (In  press.)  ; 

Pelham  Edgar,  B.A.,  Ph.D.,  Victoria 
University,  "  The  Romance  of  CUana- 
dian  History,"  edited  from  the  v-vorks 
of  Francis  Parkman.  George  f>f.  Mo- 
rang  &  Co.,  Limited,  Toronto. 

"The   Struggle   for   a9  Conti- 
nent," edited  from  the  works  Of  Fran- 
cis  Parkman.     Little-Brown  CCo.,  Bos- 
ton. -'' 

—  "Coleridge  and  V;Vordsworth, 
'  Select  Poems,'  "  with  i  Introduction, 
notes,  etc.  George  N.  M^orang  &  Co., 
Toronto. 

-  "  Nature  Poet'  ry  of  Byron  and 
Shelley,"  "  Canadian  -^Magazine." 

-  "  Nature  Pc^Ietry  of  Keats  and 
Shelley."        "  UniveLrsity     of     loronto 
Monthly,"  November,  1901. 

E.  R.  Hooper,  P^i.A.,  M.B.,  "  iUctopic 
Gestation,   with  Report    of    a    case," 
"  Canadian   Journal   of  Medicine    and 
Surgery,''  July,  ^1902. 

F.  B.    Kenrjcgk,    M.A.,    Ph.D.,    "The 
Application  o^of  the  Polarimeter  to  the 
Estimation  of  Tartaric  Acid."     (In  col- 
laborate/on with   Edgar  B.    Kendrick). 
In  "  Mimerican  Chemical  Society  Jour- 
nal.'.b*  1902. 

B "  Note  on  the  Identification  of 

Basic  Salts."  (In  collaboration  with 
W.  Lash  Miller,  B.A.,  Ph.D.).  In 
"  Transactions  of  the  Royal  Society 
of  Canada,"  vol.  7,  sec.  3. 

E.  Masson,  Victoria  University, 
"  The  Modern  Languages  considered  as 
a  Factor  in  Civilization.'  "  Proceedings 
of  the  Educational  Association  of  On- 
tario." 

W.  Lash  Miller,  B.A.,  Ph.D.,  Univer- 
sity of  Toronto,  "  Researches  in  Physi- 
cal Chemistry  carried  on  in  the  Uni- 
versity of  Toronto  during  the  years 
1901-1902."  "  Transactions  of  the 
Royal  Society  of  Canada,"  1902. 

—  "  Note  on  the  Identification  of 
Basic  Salts  "  (in  collaboration  with  F. 
B.  Kenrick). 

"  Chemical  and  Physical  Re- 


The    McGill-Varsity    Meet. 

Thanksgiving  Day  was  somewhat 
chill  both  for  spectators  of  the  fourth 
annual  McGill-Varsity  athletic  meet 
and  for  the  thinly-clad  participants. 
Yet  the  former  were  there  in  force  and 
the  latter  did  themselves  and  their  col- 
leges credit.  Details  have  been  given 
in  thei  daily  papers,  and  all  interested 
in  University  athletics  know  that  the 
result  was,  as  usual,  in  McGill's  favour 
— this  time  by  the  comfortable  margin 
of  fourteen  points.  Varsity  had  no 
pole-vaulter  or  hammer-thrower,  while 
in  the  broad  jump,  where  a  win  was 
confidently  anticipated,  our  representa- 
tives provided  a  disappointment.  Wor- 
thington,  the  Varsity  champion,  seem- 
ed stale  after  his  efforts  of  the  pre- 
ceding Friday;  that  seasoned  cam- 
paigner, the  redoubtable  Morrow,  was, 
on  the  contrary,  in  excellent  form,  and 
in  his  wins  of  the  100,  the  440  and  the 
880,  showed  both  speed  and  judgment. 
Had  he  chosen  to  compete  in  the  220, 
he  might  have  found  a  worthy  oppon- 
ent in  Gurney,  Varsity's  most  promis- 
ing runner.  With  the  improvement 
that  experience  will  bring,  this  sprinter 
ought  to  prove  a  great  strength  to  his 
University  in  the  future.  Both  Ford 
and  R.  Biggs  are  good  men  over  the 
hurdles,  and  Varsity  followed  prece- 
dent in  scoring  in  this  event. 

But  the  crowning  glory  of  the  day 
was  the  mile  run,  which  Shepherd,  of 
Toronto,  placed  to  the  credit  of  his 
University  in  a  manner  almost  spec- 
tacular. At  the  southern  curve  in  the 
last  lap,  Stovel,  of  McGill,  a  greatly 
improved  runner,  had  what  seemed  a 
safe  lead  of  30  yards;  but  he  had  shot 
his  bolt;  and,  as  his  stride  shortened, 
Shepherd  lengthened  his,  gradually 
cutting  down  the  inteval,  until  he 
overnauled  his  rival  200  yards  from 
the  tape,  and  won  easily  in  seven  sec- 
onds less  than  last  year's  record  time. 

In  the  weights,  Cook,  a  Toronto 
medical,  was  the  only  Varsity  man  to 
accomplish  much,  with  a  shot  put  of 
over  35  feet. 

Usually  it  has  been  a  just  complaint 
that  Toronto  competitors  have  not 
been  given  the  advantage  of  proper 
preliminary  training  and  care  during 


TOKONTONENSIA. 


59- 


the  contest.  But,  this  year,  tnat  re- 
proach was  removed,  and  the  diffi- 
culty lay  rather  in  inducing  men  to  ac- 
cept the  opportunities  offered.  This, 
too,  in  spite  of  the  Trojan  labours  ot 
manager  R.  Biggs  from  early  spring  to 
the  day  of  the  struggle.  But  one  man 
cannot  look  after  all  the  colleges,  and 
it  is  essential,  if  Varsity  is  to  remedy 
the  glaring  weakness  in  weights  and 
jumps,  that  one  enthusiast  in  each  of 
the  colleges  represented  on  the  TracK 
Club  executive  should  be  secured,  to 
make  a  personal  canvass  of  his  fellows 
and  bring  out  likely  men  for  develop- 
ment. To  the  wise  and  generous  policy 
of  the  Athletic  Board  in  supplying  an 
excellent  and  accessible  track,  and  to 
the  vigorous  efforts  of  the  Track  Club 
executive,  and  particularly  of  Secre- 
tary Henderson,  is  to  be  attributed  the 
marked  success  in  numbers  and  en- 
thusiasm of  the  two  meetings  held  this 
season. 

The  proposals  to  institute  games  for 
Freshmen  and  to  bring  off  handicaps 
during  this  term  is  wholly  commend- 
able, and  should  have  the  support  of 
the  whole  University. 

H.  J.  Crawford. 


Frontenac  Alumni. 

A  successful  meeting  of  the  Alumui 
of  the  University  of  Toronto,  of  whom 
there  are  about  forty  residing  .a 
the  county  of  Frontenac,  was  held  in 
Kingston  on  the  afternoon  of  October 
18th.  Principal  Hutton  and  Professor 
J.  C.  McLennan  were  present,  and  ex- 
plained the  objects  of  the  Alumni  As- 
sociation, and  assisted  in  organizing 
a  branch  for  the  County  of  Frontenac. 

The  following  officers  were  elected: 
President,  E.  H.  Smythe1,  B.A.  '67, 
M.A.  '71,  LL.B.  '79,  LL.D.  '81;  vice- 
president,  Professor  I.  E.  Martin,  B. 
A.  '86;  secretary-treasurer,  E.  U. 
Sliter,  B.A.  '87,  M.A.  '91;  councillors, 
Wm.  S.  Ellis,  B.A.  '77,  B.Sc.,  LL.B.; 
John  McGillivray,  B.A.  '82;  E.  Crum- 
mey,  B.A.  '87,  B.Sc.;  Chas.  K.  Clarke, 
M.B.  '78,  M.D.  '79;  S.  A.  Akroyd,  D.D.S. 


The  late   Norman  H.   Russell. 

Norman  H.  Russell,  B.A.  '87,  died  at 
jMhow,  Central  India,  on  July  9th.  He 
was  born  in  Toronto  in  1860,  but  spent 
his  childhood  in  Winnipeg,  returning 


to  Toronto  to  take  the  Arts  course  in 
the  University,  where  he  received  the 
degree  of  B.A.  in  1887.  He  subsequent- 
ly studied  Theology  in  the  University 
of  Manitoba,  and  in  1890  was  sent  to- 
India  as  a  missionary  by  the  congre- 
gation of  the  Central  Presbyterian 
Church,  Toronto. 

His  special  work  in  India  was  his  ef- 
fort to  evangelize  the  inhabitants  of 
the  villages,  and  the  experience  there 
gained,  together  with  his  intimate 
knowledge  of  the  native  tongue,  ren- 
dered interesting  his  book  "  Village- 
Life  in  India." 

At  the  time  of  his  death  he  was  con- 
templating further  literary  work. 


The    Late    Bertram    Spencer,    M.D. 

Bertram  Spencer  was  born  in  1853  at 
Pyrford,  in  the  county  of  Surrey,  Eng- 
land. His  father  is  the  Reverend  Ed- 
ward Spencer,  for  many  years  head 


master  of  the  Grammar  School  at  Tav- 
istock,  in  Devonshire,  an  institution 
at  which  many  leading  men  of  the 
west  of  England  received  their  early 
education. 

At  the  age  of  thirteen  he  entered  the 
navy,  where  he  remained  until  he  had 
attained  the  rank  of  sub-lieutenant.  He 
entered  the  training  ship  "  Britannia  " 
at  the  same  time  as  Captain  Percy 


60 


UNIVEESITY  OF  TOKONTO  MONTHLY 


Scott  of  H.M.S.  "  Powerful,"  whose  ex- 
temporized gun-carriage  played  so 
well-known  a  part  in  the  defence  of 
Ladysmith.  While  a  midshipman  one 
of  his  shipmates  was  French,  who  af- 
terwards, having  exchanged  the  navy 
for  the  army,  became  the  famous  cav- 
alry leader. 

In  1875,  Mr.  Spencer,  having  left  the 
navy,  came  to  Canada  with  the  inten- 
tion of  farming.  Changing  his  plans, 
however,  he  entered  Trinity  Medical 
School  as  a  student  of  medicine,  and 
took  his  degree  in  the  University  of 
Toronto.  After  a  further  course  of 
study  at  St.  Bartholomeiw's  Hospital 
he  returned  to  Toronto,  where  he 
shortly  afterwards  married  one  of  the 
daughters  of  the  late  Charles  Mickle, 
Esq.,  of  Guelph.  Here  he  remained, 
devoting  himself  to  the  practice  of  his 
profession  with  much  assiduity  and 
success,  until  his  recent  lamented 
death  cut  him  off  at  the  very  height  of 
his  usefulness. 

Shortly  after  beginning  practice  he 
joined  the  teaching  staff  of  Trinity 
Medical  College.  This  position  he  re- 
signed some  years'  later  to  accept  the 
chair  of  Medical  Jurisprudence  in  the 
University  of  Toronto,  to  which  was 
subsequently  added  a  professorship  of 
Clinical  Surgery.  He  also  held  ap- 
pointments on  the  staff  of  the  General 
Hospital  and  the  Sick  Children's  Hos- 
pital, as  well  as  in  the  Infants'  Home 
and  Convalescent  Home.  He  also 
served  for  some  years  as  one  of  the 
coroners  for  the  county  of  York. 

These  various  duties  he  discharged 
while  his  strength  lasted  with  marked 
ability  and  conscientious  thorough- 
ness. 

His  nature,  at  once  strong  and  sym- 
pathetic, won  for  him  the  entire  con- 
fidence of  his  patients,  the  love  and 
respect  of  his  students,  and  the  esteem 
and  affection  of  his  colleagues.  Singu- 
larly outspoken  as  he  was  in  the  ex- 
pression of  his  opinions  as  to  men  and 
things,  his  absolute  honesty  and  sin- 
cerity, his  utter  absence  of  selfishness, 
and  his  genuine  kindness  of  heart 
made  all  his  acquaintances  his  friends. 
But  those  who  knew  him  best  loved 
him  most,  and  as  long  as  memory  lasts 
his  name  will  mean  to  them  all  that  is 
best  and  noblest  in  the  words  "  An 
English  gentleman." 


Graduates  in  Arts,  1874. 

A.  B.  Aylesworth,  B.A.,  M.A.,  '75, 
K.C.,  is  a  member  of  the  law  firm  of 
Barwick,  Aylesworth,  Wright  &  Moss, 
Toronto,  a  bencher  of  the  Law  Society 
of  Upper  Canada  and  member  of  the 

Senate  of  the  University. F.  P. 

Betts,  B.A.,  is  a  barrister  in  London, 
Ont.,  and  is  a  member  of  the  law  firm 
of  Cronyn  &  Betts. T.  G.  Black- 
stock,  B.A.,  is  a  member  of  the  law 
firm  of  Beatty,  Blackstock,  Nesbitt, 
Chadwick  &  Riddell,  Toronto,  living 

at  79  Prince  Arthur  Ave. Alex. 

Dawson,  B.A.,  M.A.  '79,  is  a  bar- 
rister in  Winnipeg,  Man.,  and  for  sev- 
eral years  its  police  magistrate. H. 

S.  Griffin,  B.A.,  M.B.,  '78,  is  a  practis- 
ing physician  in  Hamilton,  Ont.,  cor- 
ner Main  and  Walnut  Sts.,  and  sur- 
geon-major of  the  13th  Battalion  of 

Hamilton. W.  E.  Hodgins,  B.A., 

M.A.,  '75,  is  a  barrister  in  the  uepart- 
ment  of  Justice,  Ottawa,  Ont.,  and 
commanding  officer  of  the  Governor- 
General's  Body  Guard  of  Ottawa. 

J.  E.  Hodgson,  B.A.,  M.A.,  '80,  is  in- 
spector of  High  Schools  and  lives  at 

82  Bloor  St.,  West,  Toronto. Wm. 

Johnston,  B.A.,  M.A.,  '77  (Ob.) F. 

F.  |Manley,  B.A.,  'M.A.,  '75,  is  principal 
of  Jarvis  Street  Collegiate  Institute, 
where  he  has  taught  since  the  day  of 

his  graduation. A.  H.  Marsh,  B.A., 

LL.B.,  '82,  K.C.,  is  a  barrister  at  25 
Toronto  St.,  Toronto,  a  member  of  the 
law  firm  of  Marsh  &  Cameron,  and 
sometime  member  of  the  Senate  of  the 

University. F.  L.  Michell,  B.A., 

M.A.,  '84,  is  public  school  inspector  In 
the  county  of  Lanark,  and  lives  In 

Perth,  Ont. T.  T.  Macbeth,  B.A.,  is 

a  barrister  at  59  Dundas  St.,  London, 
Ont.,  and  sometime  member  of  the 

Senate  of  the  University. E.  G. 

Ponton.  B.A.  (Ob.) Alanson  H.  Put- 
nam, B.A.,  is  an  agent,  living  at  98 

Hazleton  Ave.,  Toronto. J.  B.  Ran- 

kin,  B.A.,  K.C.,  is  a  barrister  in  Chat- 
ham, Ont.,  commanding  officer  of  the 
24th  Kent  Regiment,  and  drainage 
referee  for  the  Province  of  Ontario. 

— Joseph  Reid,  B.A.,  M.A.,  '89,  LL.B., 

'82,  is  a  journalist  in  Dundas,  Ont. 

A.  W.  Ross,  B.A.  (Ob.) Rev.  A.  A. 

Scott,  B.A.,  M.A.'  '76,  is1  a  Presbyterian 

clergyman  in  Carleton  Place,  Ont. 

A.  S.  Tassie,  B.A.,  is  a  commercial 

agent  in  Listowel,  Ont. G.  W. 

Thompson,  B.A.,  is  a  judge  in  Gales- 


TORONTONENSIA. 


61 


burg,  Knox  Co.,  111. Rev.  Wm.  A. 

Wilson,  B.A.,  M.A.,  '76,  is  a  Presby- 
terian missionary  in  Neemuch,  India. 
J.  C.  Yule,  B.A.  (Ob.). 

The  addresses  of  the  following  are 
unknown:  — 

Angus  Crawford,  B.A.,  M.A.,  '84 

Alexander  M.  McClelland,  B.A. 

Samuel  Richardson,  B\A. 


Graduates  of  Victoria  University. 

1846. 
O.  Springer,  B.A.   (Ob.). 

1848. 

William   Ormiston,    M.A.   '56,    LL.D. 

'82    (Ob.) Wesley    P.    Wright,    B.A. 

(Ob.). 

1849. 

C.  Cameron,  B.A.,  M.D.,  is  living  in 

Winnipeg,  Man. J.  Campbell,  B.A.., 

is  living  in  New  Zealand. 

1854. 

W.  W.  Dean,  M.A.  '83,  LL.D.  '92,  is 

a  judge  at  Lindsay,  Ont. Reuben  I. 

Hickey,  B.A.,  M.D.  '57   (Ob.). 

1855. 

M.  H.  Aikins,  B.A.,  M.B.  '58,  M.D.  '88, 
is  a  physician  at  Burnhamthorpe,  Ont. 

Albert  Carman,  ,M.A.  '60,  D.D.,  is  a 

Methodist  clergyman'  living  at  53   St. 

Vincent  St.,  Toronto. William  Kerr, 

M.A.   '58,   LL.D.    '87,   is   living  at   Co- 

bourg,    Ont. E.    B.    Ryckman,    M.A. 

'68,  is  a  Methodist  clergyman  in  Corn- 
•vra.ll,  Ont. 

1856. 

B.  M.  Britton,  M.A.  '68,  is  a  Justice 
of  the  King's  Bench  Division  of  the 
High  Court  of  Ontario  and  lives  in 

Toronto,  Ont. J.  G.  Hodgins,  M.A. 

'56,  LL.B.  '60,  LL.D.  '70,  is  librarian  in 
the  Department  of  Education  and  is 
living  at  °>2  Pembroke  St.,  Toronto. 

The  addresses  of  the  following  are 
unknown:  David  Beach,  M.A.;  W.  R. 
Macdonald,  B.A. 

1857. 

J.  W.  Kerr,  M.A.  '67,  is  living  in  Co- 
burg,  Ont. Robert  A.  Montgomery, 

B.A.    (Ob.) J.    P.    Robertson,    M.A. 

(Ob.) John     Wilson,    M.A.,     LL/.D. 

(Ob.). 


1858. 

A.  R.  Bain,  M.A.  '69,  is  Registrar  of 

Victoria  University,  Toronto. John 

Campbell  M.A.,  is  living  at  69  Czar 

St.,  Toronto. James  C.  Hamilton, 

B.A.,  is  a  barrister  living  at  86  Glen 
Road,  Toronto.— W.  W.  Nelles,  M.A. 

(Ob.) W.  R.  Parker,  M.A.  '68,  is 

living  at  Toronto  Junction,  Ont. S. 

G.  Wood,  B.A.  (Ob.). 

The  addresses  of  the  following  are 
unknown:  J.  B.  Logan,  ,M.A.;  J.  Mc- 
Caughey,  M.A.;  A.  D.  Wilbor,  M.A. 

1859. 

N.  Burwash,  M.A.  '67,  LL.D.  '92,  is 
Chancellor  of  Victoria  University,  and 
is  living  at  113  Bloor  St.,  East,  To- 
ronto.  Ashton  Fletcher,  M.A.  '68, 

LLB.  '64  (Ob.) William  Kingston, 

M.A.  (Ob.) Thos.  F.  Shoemaker, 

B.A.  (Ob.) D.  G.  Sutherland,  M.A. 

'67,  D.D.,  LL.B.  '73  (Ob.). 

The  addresses  of  the  following  are 
unknown:  H.  J.  Borthwick,  M.A.;  J.  G. 
Wilson,  M.A. 

1860. 

W.  Beatty,  M.A.  '63,  LL.B.  '64  (Ob.) 

John  W.  Beynon,  B.A.,  is  living  at 

Brampton,  Ont. David  W.  Dumble, 

B.A.,  is  living  at  Peterborough,  Ont. 

J.  H.  Dumble,  M.A.,  LL.B.  '64,  is 

living  at  Cobourg,  Ont. E.  D.  Har- 
per, M.A.  (Ob.) W.  C.  Henderson, 

iM.A.  '68,  D.D.,  is  a  Methodist  clergy- 
man in  Palinerston,  Ont. A.  G.  Hill, 

B.A.,  LL.B.  '64  (Ob.) Thomas  Hoi- 
den,  M.A.  '64  (Ob.) W.  H.  Law,  B. 

A.,  is  living  at  Keswick,  Ont. S.  F. 

Lazier,  M.A.  '64,  LL.B.  '65,  is  a  barris- 
ter living  at  42  James  St.  North,  Ham- 
ilton, Ont. G.  M.  Meacham,  M.A.  '72, 

D.D.,  is  living  in  Yokohama,  Japan • 

Mark  Scanlon,  B.A.,  is  living  at  80 

Bloor  St.  West,  Toronto henry 

Tew,  B.A.  (Ob.) George  Washing- 
ton, M.A.  '71,  is  living  at  Lemonville, 

Ont. W.  A.  Whitney,  M.A.  '64  (Ob.) 

N.  R.  Willoughby,  M.A.  '67,  is  liv- 
ing at  Elora,  Ont. 

The  address  of  the  following  is  un- 
known: Edward  Robinson,  B.A. 


1861. 


A. 


C.    V.    Berryman,    M.A.    (Ob.) 

Burns,    M.A.    '67.   LL.D.    '78    (Ob.) 

James  Hossack,  B.A..  is  living  at  Cleve- 
land,  O. W.   H.   McClive,   M.A.   '68, 


62 


LL.B.  't>4  (Ob.) Daniel  Perrin,  M.A. 

'89,   is   living  at  Normal,    111. John 

Philp,  M.A.  '75,  is  living  in  Kingston, 
Ont. C.  S.  Rupert,  M.A.  '67,  is  liv- 
ing at  46  Wells  St.,  Toronto J.  H. 

Sangster,  M.A.,  M.D.   '64,  is  living  at 

Port  Perry,  Ont. W.  B.  Scott,  B.A. 

(Ob.) W.    I.    Shaw,    B.A.,   LL.D.,   is 

Principal  of  Wesleyan  Theological  Col- 
leges and  is  living  at  315  Prince  Artnur 
St.,  Montreal,  Que. 

The  address  of  the  following  is  un- 
known:   C.  Bristol,  M.A.  '72. 


School  of  Practical  Science,    1900, 

J.  L.  Allan  is  on  the  city  engineer's 

staff,    Sydney,    N.S. E.    G.    K.    Ar- 

dagh,  B.A.Sc.,  is  Fellow  in  Chemis- 
try in  the  School  of  Practical  Science, 

Toronto. J.     A.     Bain     is     in     the 

Structural  Department  of  S.  V.  Hnber 
&  Co.,  consulting  engineers,  Pittsburg, 

Pa. J.   H.   Barley,   B.A.Sc.,   is   with 

the  General  Electric  Co.,  Schenectady, 
N.Y. M.  C.  Boswell  is  Lecture  As- 
sistant in  Chemistry  in  the  School  of 

Practical     Science,     Toronto L.   T. 

Bray,  O.L.S.,  is  a  surveyor  at  Amherst- 
burgh,  Ont. J.  Clark  is  a  mechani- 
cal engineer  at  Grace  Mine,  Michipi- 

coten  Harbour,  Ont. J.  E.  Davison, 

B.A.Sc.,   is   living   in   Toronto E.  D. 

Dickinson  is  with  the  General  Electric 
Co.,  Schenectady,  N.Y. G.  W.  Dick- 
son,  BA.So.,  is  an  assayer  at  Grace 

Mines,  Michipicoten  Harbour,  Ont. 

H.  A.  Dixon,  B.A.Sc.,  is  in  the  office 
of  J.  H.  Moore,  O.L.S.,  engineer  and 

surveyor,  Smith's  Falls,  Ont. C.  H. 

FuUerton  is  with  the  firm  of  Dunn  & 
Fullerton,  civil  engineers,  Winchester, 

Ont. W.   S.   Guest  is    a    draftsman 

with  C.  H.  Riches  &  Co.,  Toronto 

W.  Hemphill,  B.A.Sc.,  is  with  the  Cata- 
ract Power  and  Conduit  Co.,  40  Court 
St.,  Buffalo,  N.Y. S.  L.  M.  Hender- 
son is  with  the  General  Electric  Co., 

Schene^tedv,    N.Y. J.    A.    Henry   is 

with  the  General  Electric  Co.,  Schen- 
ectady, N.Y. H.  S.  Holcrotc,  B.A. 

Sc.,  O.L.S.,  is  in  the  office  of  Speight 
and  VanNostrand,  surveyors,  Toronto 

H.  A.  Johnston  is    in    the    office 

of  the  Poison  Iron  Works,  Toronto 
J.  C.  Johnston  is  on  the  city  engi- 
neer's staff,  Toronto J.  A.  Johnston 

is  taking  a   post   graduate   course   at 


the  School  of  Practical  Science,  To- 
ronto  R.  E.  McArthur  is  living  in 

Toronto,      Ont. J.      G.      McMillan, 

B.A.Sc.,  is  on  the  staff  of  the  Gertruae 
Mine,  Sudbury,  Ont. L.  Haun  Mil- 
ler is  with  the  Wellman-Sever  Engi- 
neering Co.,  Cleveland,  O. E.  V. 

Neelands,  B.A.b^.,  is  Fellow  in  Survey- 
ing, School  of  Practical  Science 
— E.  N.  Phillips,  D.L.S.,  is  in  the 
Topographical  Surveys  Branch  of  the 
Department  of  the  Interior,  Ottawa 
J.  R.  Roaf,  B.A.Sc.,  is  a  drafts- 
man on  the  staff  of  the  Crow's  Nest 

Pass  Coal  Co.,  Fernie,  B.C. C.  H.  E. 

Rounthwaite  is  assistant  superinten- 
dent of  the  Canadian  Electro-Chemical 
Co.,  Sault  Ste1.  Marie,  Ont.  -  -  H. 
W.  Saunders,  B.A.Sc.,  is  assistant  en- 
gineer of  a  coal  mine  at  Johnstown, 

Pa. A.  Taylor  is  with  the  C.  P.  R. 

Land  Department,  Winnipeg,  Man. 
W.  C.  Tennant,  B.A.Sc.,  is  assist- 
ant engineer  of  the  Schomberg  and 
Aurora  Railway,  Kettleby,  Ont.  — 
S.  M.  Thome,  B.A.Sc.,  is  with  the 
Canadian  Power  Co.,  Niagara  Falls, 

Ont. F.   W.   Thorold,  B.A.Sc.,  is  in 

the   office   of    Willis     Chipman,    C.E., 

Toronto H.    ,M.    Weir,    B.A.Sc.,    is 

with    the    Cleveland    Gas,    Light    and 

Coke  Co.,  Cleveland,  O. F.  D.  With- 

row  is  inspector  of  materials  for  Ills- 
ley  &  Horn,  Toronto,  contractors  for 
the  new  Medical  Building. 


Graduates    in    Medicine. 

The'  addresses  of  the  following  grad- 
uates in  Medicine  are  unknown:  — 


John  Baird, 
Blake1,  M.D. - 
|M'.D. Isaac 


1861. 

M.D. Warren      H. 

-  Benjamin      Bowman, 
Bowman,      M.D. 


Joseph  Clarke,  M.D. Titus  Crocker, 

M.D. David     W.     Dibble1,     M.D. 

Thomas    Keating,    M.D. John    Mc- 
Donnell,    M.D. Thomas     Schofleld, 

M.D. J.  D.  Stewart,  M.D. Charles 


W.   Stinson,  M.D. Russell  Alexan- 
der   Strachan,    M.D. Henry    Tuck, 

M.D. 

1862. 

R.    N.    Alford,    M.D. Brinton    P. 

Brown,   ;M.D. Daniel    Cremin,    M.D. 

J.  G.  Davidson,  M.D. A.  C.  Dun- 
can,  M.D. Ezra   Earl,   M.D. Neil. 


TORONTONENSIA. 


63 


Fleming,    M.D. Wm.    McLaughlin, 

M.D. William     Perkins,     M.D. 

Martin  Phillips,  M.D. Alfred  Rolls, 

M.D. Wilnam    H.    Varden,    M.D. 

1863. 

J.   Burkholder,   M.D. J.   V.   Bryn- 

ing,  M.D. Donald  Jackson,  M.D.- 


-James    Mc- 
-Alexander      McKer- 


C.    E.    Knolleys,    M.D.- 
Callum,      M.B.- 
acher,    M.D. Charles    Thomas    Mit- 
chell,    M.D. Loftus     R.     Maclnnes, 

M.D. Archibald     Connell      Sinclair, 

M.D. William  Noden,  M.D. Ricn- 

ard    Orton,    M.B. G.    I.    L.    Spencer, 

M.D. James  W.  Stewart,  M.B. 

1864. 

George      Benham,      M.D.  John 

Brown,  M.D. Adam  C.  Carson,  M.D. 

Peter    V.     Dafoe,    M.D. J.     C. 

Disher,     M.D.   J.     B.     Johnston, 


M.D. 


J.     T.     Kennedy,  M.D. 


A.  C.  Lloyd,  M.D.  A.  Michell, 

M.D. Allan  Henderson  Millar,  M.D. 

—William  Milne,  ,M.B. Hugh  M. 

McLeod,  M.D. John  Ferguson,  M.D. 

—Neil  Munro,  M.D. G.  C.  Mc- 

Manus,  M.D. Timothy  C.  Newkirk, 

M.D. M.  Mac.  O'Connor,  M.D. 

Robert  Phair,  M.D. John  W.  Spar- 
row, M.D. Robert  Stone,  M.D. 

Henry  Strange,  M.D. James  Walk- 
er, M.D. G.  E.  Winans,  M.D. 

1865. 

John    D.    Bowman,    M.D. O.    W. 

Chapman,  M.B. John  Jay  Hoyt.M.D. 

Fred'k   Wm.    Lloyd    Hodder,    M.B. 

David    W.    Lundy,    M.D. Henry 

Mandsley,     M.D.  -    -  W.     Newcombe, 

"  M.D. James      Pinkerton,      M.D. — 

James  Ross,  M.D. Joseph  D.  Smith, 

M.D. 

1866. 

Robert    Ban    Clark.    M.D. J.    S. 

Douglas,    M.D. Robert    Edmonton, 

M.D. E.    H.    Gates,    M.D. Robert 


Gowans,   M.D.- 

• Josiah     B. 

Manson,    M.D.- 

M.D. J.     McGregor,     M.D. 


S.    L.    Hughes.    M.D. 

Johnson,     M.D. J. 

Samuel    MacDonald, 
-J.     B. 


Mills.  M.D. Samuel  Moore,  M.D. 


Neil  Mclntyre.  M.B. 

M.D. J.  F.  Orr,  M.D. 

mer  Rolph,  M.D. 

1867. 

John     Armstrong. 
Bridgman,  M.D. 


D.  MacMurchy, 
John  Wid- 


M.D. 


Irwin 


— O.  R.  G.Buchanan,  M.D. Robert 

M.  Christie,  M.D. J.  F.  Clarke,  M.D, 

— M.   M.  P.   Dean,  M.D. A.  W.  J, 


W.  E.  Hagermanr 
M.D. David 


de  Grassie,  ,M.D. 

M.D. Jos.    Jarvis, 

Keagey,   M.D. Benjamin  J.   Lemon, 

M.D. Gabriel  Lount,  M.D. W.  C. 

Lundy,    M.D. Roderick    C.    Marlatt, 

M.D. A.  McDonald,  M.D. Elmore 

F.     Patton,     M.D. Robert     Newton 

Palmer,  M.B.,  M.D.  '68 George  T.  J. 

Potts,     M.D. John    Edward    Ray, 

M.D. J.    S.    Scott.    M.D.  * J.    D. 

Stark,    B.A.    '64,    M.D. Richard    D. 

Swisher,    M.D. J.    R.    Tabor,    M.D. 

William  Thomson,  M.D. 

1868. 

John  S.  Diamond.  M.D. Charles 

Delaval  Grange,  M.D. William  A. 

Hughson,  M.D. Ralph  E.  Lloyd, 

M.D. George  D.  Lougheed,  ,M.D. 

Daniel  Newkirk,  M.D. Alfred  N. 

O'Brien,  M.D. Jehu  Ogden,  M.B. 

J.  Oliver,  M.D. Miles  O'Reilly,  M.D. 

— Frank  J.  Patton,  M.D. Thomas 

B.  Rice,  M.D. Charles  S.  Stokes, 

M.D. Charles  Williams,  ,M.D. 

1869. 

Robert   Allan,   M.D. Richard   An- 
gle,   M.D. George    Brown.    M.D. 

Charles  Lince  Coulter.  M.D. Wil- 
liam Wilson  French,  M.D. Nathan- 
iel Gamble,  M.B. Gordon  Whit- 
comb  Grote,  M.B. William  H.  Hen- 
worth.  M.D. Thomas  Kiernan,  M.D. 

John    Davidson    McConnell,    M.B. 

Georee    A.    Neal,    M.D. J.    H. 

Spohn,   M.D. John   Sing.   M.D. 


E.  T.  Brown,  M.D. 


Personals. 

W.  F.  Grant,  B.A.Sc.  '99.  is  town  en- 
gineer, Sault  Ste.  Marie,  Ont. 

Rev.  G.  S.  Faircloth.  B.A.  '93,  is  sta- 
tioned at  Sault  Ste.  Marie,  Ont. 

R.  A.  Cassidy.  B.A.  '01.  is  associate 
editor  of  "  The  World,"  Baltimore,  Md. 

Rev.  T.  B.  Smith.  B.A.  '91.  is  rector 
of.  Holy  Trinity  Church,  Chatham,  Ont. 

W.  McC.  Davidson.  B.A..  '93,  is  edi- 
tor of  "  The  Alberta,"  Calgary,  N.W.T. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 


A.  W.  Wright,  B.A.  '83,  is  publisher 
of  the  Mount  Forest,  Ont.,  "  Confeder- 
ate." 

H.  R.  Bean,  B.A.  '98,  is  teaching  in 
the  public  schools  of  Galveston,  Indi- 
ana. 

Miss  C.  I.  Tapscott,  B.A.  '02,  is  teach- 
ing in  the  public  school,  Shelburne, 
Ont. 

Miss  Etta  Inman,  M.D.,  is  a  prac- 
tising physician  at  322,  22nd  Ave.,  Den- 
ver, Col. 

E.  S.  Rupert,  B.A.  '61,  JM.A.  '67,  has 
removed  from  Parry   Sound,   Ont.,   to 
Toronto. 

Miss  E.  C.  Weaver,  B.A.  'O'O,  is  on 
the  staff  of  a  ladies'  college  at  Rothe-' 
say,  N.B. 

H.  M.  E.  Evans,  B.A.  '97,  is  business 
manager  of  "  The  Telegram,"  Winni- 
peg, Man. 

Rev.  W.  J.  McKay,  B.A.  '84,  B.D.,  is 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  Church,  Strat- 
ford, Ont. 

A.  M.  Maxwell,  B.A.  '97,  has  re- 
moved from  Wellington  to  Pt.  Ham- 
mond, B.C. 

M.  A.  Chrysler,  B.A.  '94,  is  taking  a 
post-graduate  course  in  the  University 
of  (Juicago. 

J.  J.  Gibson,  B.A.  '00,  is  treasurer  of 
the  Barriei  Tanning  Co.,  Limited,  Bar- 
rie,  Ont. 

C.  D.  Allin,  B.A.  '97,  is  instructor  in 
Political  Science  in  Stanford  Univer- 
sity, Cal. 

H.  G.  Martyn,  B.A.  '01,  has  been 
appointed  to  the  staff  of  the  Forest 
hign  school. 

J.  C.  Breckenridge,  B.A.  '93,  is  ac- 
countant of  the  National  Trust  Com- 
pany, Toronto. 

F.  H.  Phipps,  B.A.,  '02,  is  advertising 
agent  for  the  Wilson  Publishing  Com- 
pany, Toronto. 

E.  A.  Coffin,  B.A.  '02,  is  on  the  staff 
of  the  Highland  Military  Academy, 
Worcester,  Mass. 

A.  E.  Snell,  B.A.  '99.  M.B.  '02,  is 
house  surgeon  on  the  staff  of  Grace 
Hospital,  Toronto. 

J.  N.  Robertson,  B.A.  '97,  of  Toron- 
to, has  gone  to  Yale  for  one  year  for 
post-graduate  study. 


E.  G.  Smith,  M.B.  '92,  Baptist  mis- 
sionary in  Yellemanchili,  India,  is  in 
Canada  on  furlough. 

J.  K  Hodgson,  B.A.  '98,  has  been 
appointed  to  the  staff  of  the  high 
school,  Cakville,  Ont. 

G.  C.  Draeseke,  M.B.  '02,  has  been 
appointed  house  surgeon  in  the  West- 
ern Hospital,  Toronto. 

Geo.  W.  Fletcher,  M.B.  '02,  is  house 
surgeon  on  the  staff  of  the  General 
Hospital,  Hamilton,  Ont. 

C.  L.  Crasweller,  B.A.  '83,  has  been 
appointed  head  master  of  the  Sarnia, 
Ont.,  Collegiate  Institute. 

W.  J.  Rusk,  B.A.  '95,  M.A.  '9rf,  is  in- 
structor in  mathematics  at  Grinaoll 
University,  Grinnell,  Iowa. 

W.  C.  Klotz,  B.A.  '02,  has  been  ap- 
pointed chemist  to  the  Michigan  Am- 
monia Works,  Detroit,  Mich. 

Miss  M.  A.  Mackenzie!,  B.A.  '92,  is 
now  on  the  staff  of  the  Vincent  Me- 
morial Hospital,  Boston,  Mass. 

Miss  C.  A.  Ward,  B.A.  '01,  has  been 
appointed  teacher  of  modern  languages 
in  the  high  school,  Madoc,  Ont. 

F.  Armstrong,  B.A.  '01,  has  been  ap- 
pointed teacher  of  mathematics  on  the 
staff  of  the  high  school,  Elora,  Ont. 

F.  Beemer,  M.D.  '84,  of  the  staff  of 
the  Asylum  for  Insane,  London,  has 
been  transferred  to  Hamm-on,  Ont. 

Robt.  Sprott,  B.A.  '00,  has  been  ap- 
pointed lecturer  in  modern  languages 
in  St.  John's  College,  Winnipeg,  Man. 

Miss  A.  B.  Francis,  B.A.  '01,  has  been 
appointed  teacher  of  modern  lan- 
guages in  the  high  school,  Elora,  Ont. 

W.  J.  Elder,  B.A.  '98,  of  Arthur.  Unt., 
has  removed  to  Regina,  N.W.T.,  to 
occupy  a  position  on  the  high  school 
staff. 

T.  J.  Ivey,  B.A.  '95,  M.A.  '96,  of 
Madoc,  has  been  appointed  to  a  posi- 
tion on  the  Sarnia  collegiate  institute 
staff. 

M.  B.  Dean,  M.B.  '99,  is  now  in  Lon- 
don, England.  It  is  his  intention  to 
spend  two  years  in  post-graduate 
study. 

Rev.  T.  H.  Mitchell,  B.A.  '90,  of 
Barre,  Vt.,  received  the  degree  of  B.L). 
from  Harvard  University  in  June  of 
this4  year. 


TORONTONENSIA. 


65 


D.  J.  Goggin,  M.A.  '91,  late  Superin- 
tendent of  Education  for  the  North- 
West  Territories,  has  removed  to  To- 
ronto. 

A.  Baker,  B.A.  '01,  has  received  the 
appointment  of  instructor  in  modern 
languages  in  Morgan  Academy,  Chi- 
cago. 111. 

D.  D.  James,  B.A.  '94,  B.A.Sc.  '94, 
O.L.S.,  is  on  the  engineer's  staff  of  the 
Algoma  Central  Railway,  Sault  Ste. 
Marie,  Ont. 

Arthur  Smith,  B.A.  '00,  of  Essex 
Centre,  has  been  appointed  to  a  posi- 
tion on  the  Newmarket,  Ont.,  high 
school  staff. 

W.  F.  Adams,  D.D.S.  '93,  M.D.,  Chas. 
W.  Service,  B.A.  '95,  M.D.,  and  J.  L. 
Stewart,  B.A.  '01,  have  gone  to  China 
as  missionaries. 

L.  R.  Eckardt,  B.A..  '02,  has  been  ap- 
pointed one  of  the  assistant  secretaries 
of  the  Central  Young  Men's  Christian 
Association,  Toronto. 

Rev.  J.  Munro  Gibson,  B.A.  '62, 
M.A..  '66,  LL.D.  ;02,  has  been  elected 
president  of  the  Metropolitan  Free 
Church  Council  this  year. 

G.  W.  Howland,  B.A.  '97,  M.B.  '00, 
has  been  appointed  Medical  Registrar 
to  the  National  Hospital  for  Nervous 
Diseases,  London,  England. 

Miss  E,  M.  Fleming,  B.A.  '00,  has 
been  appointed  teacher  of  English  ana 
calisthenics  on  tne  staff  of  the  colle- 
giate institute,  Sarnia,  Ont. 

Alexander  Campbell,  B.A.  '87,  of 
Sarnia,  has  accepted  the  position  of 
mathematical  master  in  the  high 
school  at  Sault  Ste.  Marie,  Ont. 

Miss  E.  E.  Conlin,  B.A.  '01,  has  re- 
ceived the  appointment  of  teacher  of 
modern  languages  on  the  staff  of  the 
high  school,  Waterford,  Ont. 

F.  A.  Saunders,  B.A.  '95,  Ph.D., 
formerly  on  the  staff  of  Haverford  Col- 
lege, Haverford,  Pa.,  is  now  at  Syra- 
cuse University,  Syracuse,  N.Y. 

W.  Graham  Browne,  B.A.  '98,  man- 
ager of  the  Sovereign  Bank  of  Canada, 
Montreal,  has  recently  been  in  charge 
of  the  Toronto  office  of  the  bank. 

F.  R.  Lillie,  B.A.  '91,  is  associate  pro- 
fessor of  Embryology,  and  assistant 


curator  of  the  Zoological  |Museum,  Uni- 
versity of  Chicago,   Chicago,   111. 

Chas.  A.  Lang,  M.B.  '98,  and  Lome 
Robertson,  B.A.  '98,  (M.D.,  have  gone 
lo  London  for  post-graduate  study. 
They  will  also  spend  some  time  at  Ed- 
inburgh and  Vienna. 

R.  J.  Dickinson,  B.A.,  '02,  is  attend- 
ing the  Ontario  Normal  School.  He 
is  also  Hamilton  correspondent  for 
"  Hardware  and  Metal,"  Toronto. 

W.  A.  Craick,  B.A.,  '02,  is  engaged 
in  journalistic  work  for  the  McLean. 
Publishing  Company,  Limited,  pub- 
lishers of  trade  journals,  Toronto. 

T.  W.  Standing,  B.A.  '91,  has  been 
appointed  inspector  of  public  schools 
for  Brant  county,  to  succeed  M.  J. 
Kelly,  M.B.  '64,  ,M.D.  '66,  LL.B.  '66. 

Wm.  Mowbray,  B.A.  '95,  of  the  staff 
of  the  Chatham  collegiate  institute, 
has  been  appointed  English  master  in 
Upper  Canada  College,  Toronto. 

A  Historical  Society  was  organized 
at  Orono,  Ont.,  this  summer  by  Pro- 
fessor Squair,  who  was  spending  his 
vaaation  there. 

R.  T.  Wright,  S.P.S.  '94,  formerly 
with  Messrs.  Goldie  &  McCuaoch  Co., 
Gait,  Ont.,  has  removed  to  820  Wei- 
lace  Ave.,  Station  D.,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

W.  P.  Mustard,  B.A.  '86,  M.A.  '90, 
professor  ot  Lat^n  in  Haverford  Col- 
lege, Haverford,  Pa.,  has  gone  to  Eu- 
rope, and  will  spend  a  year  in  Italy 
and  Greece. 

Rev.  John  Scott,  B.A.  '68,  M.A.  '77, 
D.D.,  superintendent  of  Methodist  mis- 
sions in  Japan,  represented  Japan  at 
the  General  Conference  in  Winnipeg 
last  month. 

Richard  Davidson,  B.A.  '99,  M.A.  '00, 
who  was  awarded  the  Knox  College 
travelling  scholarship  in  1901,  has 
gone  to  Berlin  for  post-graduate  study. 
He  will  spend  two  years  in  Europe. 

Miss  Lilian  Lucas,  B.A.  '00,  has  been 
appointed  secretary,  and  Miss  Minnie 
A.  Seldon,  formerly  of  the  class  of  '02, 
assistant  secretary  of  the  Young  Wo- 
men's Christian  Guild,  Toronto. 

Arthur  E.  Fisher,  B.A.  '98,  who  has 
been  teaching  for  some  time  in  Qu'- 
Appelle,  Assa.,  has  been  appointed 
principal  of  a  school  at  White  Horse, 
Y.T.,  at  a  salary  of  $2,400  per  annum. 


66 


UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY. 


Miss  K.  Smith.  B.A.,  '02,  daughter  of 
the  Rev.  J.  V.  Smith,  D.D.,  has  been 
appointed  to  the  start  of  the  Methodist 
College  in  Grahamstown,  S.  Africa. 

Wm.  Tier,  B.A.  '95,  M.A.  '96,  has  re- 
moved from  Lucan,  Ont.,  to  take  the 
position  or  inatnematical  master  in 
the  Clinton,  Ont.,  collegiate  institute. 

W.  T.  Wilson,  M.B.  '92,  M.D.,  C.M. 
'92,  assistant  physician  at  the  Asylum 
for  the  Insane1,  London,  has  been 
transferred  to  the  Hamilton  Asylum. 

Rev.  T.  R.  Shearer,  B.A.  '86,  has  re- 
moved   from    Rounthwaite,    Man.,    to 
the   charge   of   Melbourne   and   River-    - 
side,  in  the  presbytery  of  London,  Ont. 

E.  H.  Oliver,  B.A.,  '02,  has  been  ap- 
pointed Fellow  in  History  in  the  Uni- 
versity of  Toronto,  and  F.  P.  Ciappi- 
son,  B.A.,  '02,  has  been  made  Fellow 
in  Political  Science. 

A.  H.  Young,  B.A.  '87,  Professor  of 
Modern  Languages,  Trinity  University, 
has  been  granted  a  year's  leave  of  ab- 
sence, which  he  will  spend  in  Stras- 
burg,  Berlin  and  Paris. 

W.  E.  Macpherson,  B.A.  '94,  has  re- 
signed his  position  on  the  staff  of  the 
Gananoque,  Ont.,  high  school,  and  is 
doing  post-graduate  work  in  the  de- 
partment of  Political  Science. 

Miss  Alice  Blyth  Tucker,  B.A.  '96, 
M.A.  '01,  in  addition  to  her  work  in 
the  English  Department,  has  been  ap- 
pointed Dean  of  the  Women  Students 
in  Adelphi  College,  Brooklyn,  N.Y. 

The  Colonial  and  Continental  Society 
of  England  have  granted  to  Wyclitte 
College  a  scholarship  of  £30  per  an- 
num, which  is  to  be  awarded  to  a 
student  in  training  for  missionary 
work  in  the  Canadian  North-west. 

Miss  H.  E.  Wigg,  B.A.  '01,  M.A.  '02, 
who  was  gold  medallist  of  her  class 
in  mathematics,  and  a  post  graduate 
scholar  at  Bryn  Mawr,  has  been  ap- 
pointed mathematical  teacher  in  tEe 
Presbyterian  Ladies'  College,  Toronto. 
The  following  members  of  the  class 

of  '02  are  taking  lectures  in  the  On- 
tario Law  School,  Osgoode  Hall: 
John    R.    Bell,    B.A.;    E.    J.    Carson, 

B.A.;    A.  R.  Cochrane,  B.A.;    Gregory 

S.    Hodgson,   B.A.;    F.    H.    rioneywell, 

B.A.;    E.   W.    Mackenzie,   B.A.;    A.    A. 

Magee,  B.A.;  J.  R.  Marshall,  B.A.;   G. 

F.  McFarland,  B.A.;   T.  N.  Phelan,  B. 
A.;  John  A.  Soule,  B.A.;  R.  D.  Strat- 
ton,  B.A.;  H.  J.  Symmington,  B.A. 


John  A.  McAndrew,  B.A.  '81,  junior 
Registrar  of  the  High  Court  of  Jus- 
tice, has  been  appointed  Inspector  or 
Legal  Offices.  He  was  formerly  a  mem- 
ber of  the  firm  of  Ross,  Cameron  & 
McAndrew,  and  at  one  time  represent- 
ed South  Renfrew  in  the  Local  Legis- 
lature. 

At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Har- 
vard Canadian  Club,  held  last  spring, 
the  following  officers  were  elected  for 
the  years  1902  and  1903:  President,  K. 
C.  Matthews,  B.A.,  20  Boswell  Ave., 
Toronto;  vice-president,  W.  A.  Mc- 
Clean,  B.A.  '96,  (M.A.  '97,  Brockville; 
secretary,  H.  N.  Stetson,  B.A.,  St. 
John,  N.B. ;  treasurer,  W.  H.  Harrison, 
B.A.,  St.  John,  N.B. 

W.  N.  Hutt,  B.S.A.  '99,  brother  of  H. 
L.  Hutt,  B.S.A.  '91,  professor  of  horti- 
culture in  the  Ontario  Agricultural  Col- 
lege, Guelph,  Ont.,  has  been  appointed 
professor  of  horticulture  in  the  Utah 
State  Agricultural  College,  where  an- 
other graduate  of  the  Ontario  Agricul- 
tural College,  F.  B.  Linfield,  B.S.A.  '91, 
is  instructor  in  dairy  and  husbandry. 
P.  W.  Hodgetts,  B.S.A.  '97,  fellow  in 
horticulture  in  the  Ontario  Agricul- 
tural College,  has  been  appointed  to 
carry  on  W.  N.  Hutt's  work  in  the 
Ontario  Fruit  Growers'  Association 
and  the  Farmers'  Institutes. 

Very  satisfactory  progress  is  being 
made  in  the  erection  of  the  new  Medi- 
cal Building.  The  contractors,  Messrs. 
Illse  and  Horn,  who  are  carrying  on 
the  work  with  great  energy,  expect  to 
hand  over  the  keys  of  the  building  to 
the  Medical  Faculty,  January  1,  190'3. 


UNIVERSITY   OF   TORONTO   LOCAL 
LECTURES,  1902-1903. 

PKOGRAMME. 

Mr.  A.  H.  Abbott,  B.A.— 

(1)  The  Psychical  Aspect  of  Light 
and  Colour;  (2)  Colour-tolindness 
and  its  Detection.  (Both  only  where 
there  is  an  electric  current). 

Professor  W.   J.   Alexander— 

(1)  The  Function  of  Poetry;  (2) 
The  Poetry  of  Robert  Browning;  (3) 
Tennyson's  "In  Memoriam";  (4)  The 
Novel,  its  Origin  and  Use;  (5)  The 
Novels  of  Jane  Austen;  (6)  Robert 
Louis  Stevenson. 


TORONTONENSIA. 


67 


Professor  E.  I.  Badgley — 

(1)  The  Ring  of  Gyges;  (2)  Plato's 
Contribution  to  Christian  Thought; 

(3)  Immanuel  Kant,  his  Ethics  and 
Religious  Teaching;   (4)  John  Stuart 
Mill;   (5)  Herbert  Spencer;  (6)  Stoic- 
ism versus  Christianity. 

Professor  Alfred  Baker — 

(1)  Genius  in  Science  —  Sir  William 
Rowan  Hamilton;  (2)  Astrology;  (3) 
The  Science  of  the  Ancient  Greeks, 
and  the  Debt  we  Owe  Them;  (4)  The 
Nebular  Hypothesis;  (5)  The  Be- 
ginnings of  Astronomy. 

Professor  John  Burwash — 

(1)  Studies  in  Vocal  Expression;  (2) 
Science  and  the  Imagination;  (3) 
Water;  (4)  Light  and  Colour. 

Mr.  J.  Home  Cameron,  M.A. — 

(1)  Emile  Zola;  (2)  French  Wit  and 
Humour;  (3)  Tne  English  Pre- 
Raphaelites*  (one  or  two  .Lectures 
as  desired). 

Mr.  St.  Elme  de  Champ,  B.  es  L.— 
(1)  L'Aiglon;  (2)  Le  Roman  Frangais 
avant  1850;    (3)Le  Roman  Frangais 
Contemporain. 

Professor  A.  P.  Coleman — 

(1)  The  Canadian  Lakes;  (2)  The 
Rivers  of  Canada;  (3)  The  Ice  Age;* 

(4)  Mountain     Building;      (5)     The 
Tooth  of  Time;*  (6)  Volcanoes.* 

Professor  Pelham  Edgar— 

(1)  Nationalism  in  Poetry  and  Can- 
adian Poets  ;  (2)  The  Nature  Poetry 
of  our  Great  English  Poets;  (3)  Shel- 
ley, the  Man  and  the  Poet. 

Professor  W.  H.  Fraser — 

(1)  Dante  and  the  Divina  Commedia; 

(2)  Manzoni,  Hugo  and  the  Roman- 
tics;   (3)   Mediaeval   Italy  and   Flor- 
ence   of    the    Renaissance;     (4)     A 
Glimpse   of   Italy;    (5)    Michael   An- 
gelo;*  (6)  Raphael.* 

Professor  L.  E.  Horning — 

(1)  The  Evolution  of  an  Author —  A 
Study  of  Young  Goethe;  (2)  Faust; 

(3)  Influences  of  English  Literature 
on  the  Germans  of  the   Eighteenth 
Century;    (4)  Life  in  England  in  the 
Days  of  Alfred;  (5)  Kipling;  (6)  Can- 
adian   Literature;     (7)    Universities 
and  Culture;  (8)  The  University  and 
The  Business  Men. 


Professor  Maurice  Hutton — 

(I)  The   Statesmen   of  Athens;    (2) 
Greek  Virtues  and  Theories  of  Life; 
(3)  The  Women  o£  Greece;   (4)  Some 
Oxford  Types  (first  series) ;  (5)  Some 
Oxford  Types    (second  series);     (6) 
The!  Wit  and  Wisdom  of  Herodotus; 
(7)  Some  Aspects  of  Classical  educa- 
tion;   (8)   The    Roman,    the    Greek, 
the  Englishman,    and    the    French- 
man (one  or  two  lectures  as  desired); 
<.»)   Plato  on  University  Education; 
(10)     The    Antigone    of    Sophocles; 

(II)  Athenian  Literature  (first  per- 
iod) ;   (12)  Athenian  Literature  (sec- 
ond period);    (13)   Roman  Life,  Lit- 
erature   and    Later    Analogies    (two 
lectures);    (14)    Plutarch;    (15)    Thel 
Tyrants  of  Greece;    (16)   Some  Edu- 
cational Controversies;    (17)   Robert 
Browning  as  a  Greek  Scholar;    (18) 
Hellenism;    (19)    Some   Thoughts  on 
Present  Educational  Discontents. 
Professor  Hutton  is  also  prepared  to 

deliver  series  of  Lectures  on  the  Anti- 
gone of  Sophocles,  on  the  History  of 
the  Gracchi,  and  on  the  History  of  the 
Tyrants  of  Greece. 

Mr.  D.  R.  Keys,  M.A.— 

(1)  The  American  Humorists;  (2) 
Matthew  Arnold,  the  Apostle  of  Cul- 
ture; (3)  Alfred,  King  of  the  Anglo- 
Saxons. 

Professor  W.  R.  Lang — 

(1)  Matter  at    Low    Temperatures; 

(2)  The  Development  of  the  Modern 
High  Explosive;    (3)    The  Chemical 
and  Mineral  Exhibits  at  the  Glasgow 
International  Exhibition,   1901.     (In 
Chemical  Lecture  Theatre  only). 

• 
Professor  A.  B.  Macallum — 

(1)  Life  and  Culture  of  Prehistoric 
Man;*  (2)  The  Brain  and  its  Func- 
tions; (3)  Life  and  \vorks  of  Hux- 
ley. 

Professor  J.  F.  McCurdy — 

(1)  The  Message  of  Israel;  (2)  Our 
Debt  to  the  East;  (3)  Bible  Lands 
and  Peoples;  (4)  The  Beginning  ot 
the  Worm;  (5)  Our  Eastern  Words 
and  their  Story;  (6)  The  Bible  in 
the  Schools:  Needs  and  Obligations; 
(7)  The  Bible  in  the  Schools:  Diffi- 
culties and  Methods;  (8) The  Poetry 
of  the  Bible;  (9)  Greece,  ±tome  and 
Israel;  (iO)  The  Prophets  of  Israel. 


*WitJi  lantern  illustrations. 


UNIVEESITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 


Professor  J.  F.  McLaughlin — 

(1)   Mohammed  and  his  Koran;  (2) 

The  Story  of  the  Hebrew  Bible;  (3) 

The  Story  of  the  English  Bible;  (4) 

The  Poetry  of  the  Hebrews;   (5)  Old 

Testament  Ethics  and  Ideals;  (t>) 
The  Book  of  Job. 

Mr.  Eugene  Masson — • 

(1)  Madame  de  Stael;  (2)  Lamar- 
tine;  (3)  Dumas  pere;  (4)  Dumas 
fils. 

Mr.  R.  G.  Murison,  M.A.,  B.D.— 
(1)  A  Buried  Civilization;  (2)  Recent 
Discoveries    in    Egypt;     (3)   Animal 
Worship. 

Mr.  W.  A.  Parks,  B.A.,  Ph.D.— 

(1)  The  Formation  of  Coal  Beds  and 
the!  Life  of  the  Coal  Forming  Age.* 

Mr.  F.  Tracy,  B.A.,  Ph.D. 

(1)  The  Republic  of  Plato;  (2)  Stoic- 
ism and  Curistianity;  (3)  Theories 
of  Knowledge  in  Relation  to  Teach- 
ing. 

Professor  W.  H.  Vander  Smissen — 
(1)  Goethe's  Life  in  his  Lyrics;*  (2) 
Schiller's  Life  in  his  Lyrics.* 

Mr.  S.  M.  Wickett,  B.A.,  Ph.D.— 

(1)  The*  Study  of  Political  Economy; 

(2)  (Money;    (3)  City  Government  in 
Canada;  (4)  The  Klondike.* 

Professor  R.  Ramsay  Wright — 

(1)  Malaria  and  Mosquitoes  (iiais- 
trated  with  diagrams);  (2)  The 
Microscopic  Life  of  the  Sea;*  (3) 
The  Natural  History  of  the  Oyster.* 
(Professor  Wright  will  be  free  to 
lecture  only  after  Christmas). 

Professor  J.  McGregor  Young — 

(1)  The  Royal  Prerogative;  (a)  The 
Monroe  Doctrine. 

Literary  or  scientific  organizations 
desiring  the  services  of  lecturers  will 
communicate  with  the  Secretary.  The 
terms  win  be  the  payment  of  the  per- 
sonal expenses  of  the  lecturer,  and  also 
of  a  fee  of  $5  for  each  lecture,  said  tee 
to  be  devoted  to  University  purposes. 

J.  SQUAIR, 
Secretary  of  Committee. 

*With  lantern  illustrations. 


Marriages. 

Towers-Mackenzie  —  In  Sarnia,  on 
September  27th,  R.  I.  Towers,  B.A.  '96, 
barrister,  was  married  to  Miss  M.  McG. 
Mackenzie. 

Thomson-Carruthers  —  In  Toronto, 
September,  Walter  Proudfoot  Thom- 
son, B.A.  '90,  M.D.  '92,  to  Miss  Janet 
Carruthers,  of  Crocketford  House, 
Crocketford,  Scotland. 


Deaths. 

Spencer — In  Toronto,  on  September 
28th,  Bertram  Spencer,  M.B.  '79,  M.D. 
'81,  Professor  of  Medical  Jurisprudence 
and  Associate-professor  of  Clinical 
Surgery,  University  of  Toronto. 

Hood — At  Honan,  China,  on  Septem- 
ber 19th,  Rev.  T.  Craigie  Hood,  B.A. 
'97,  Presbyterian  missionary. 

Russell — At  Mhow,  Central  India,  on 
July  9th,  Norman  H.  Russell,  B.A.  '87, 
Presbyterian  missionary. 


Even  if  you  are  not  a  farmer  it 

will  pay  you  to  investigate 

the  advantages  offered 

on  the  Lands  of 

the  Crown 

in 

NEW  ONTARIO 

....   in   .... 
FOREST,    MINE  AND   FARM 

For  particulars  as  to  investments 
write  to 

HON.  E.J.DAVIS 

Commissioner   of  Crown   Lands, 

Toronto,  Ont. 


PRINTED  BY  THE  CAESWELL  Co.,  LIMITED. 


THE   REV.  JAMES  BEAVEN,   M.A.,   D.D., 

PROFESSOR    OF   METAPHYSICS  AND    ETHICS,   UNIVERSITY  OF 
TORONTO,  1850-1871. 


THE 

UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

VOL.  III.  DECEMBER,  1902.  No.  8 

TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 

PAGE  PAGE 

The  Rev.  James  Beaven,  D.D.,  M.A.,  Torontonensia  : 

By  John  Campbell,  LL.D.,  F.R.S.C.  69  Alumni  on  the  Bench  -  -  -  85 

The  University  and  Public  Opinion,  Recent  Faculty  Publications  -  87 

By  Gordon  Waldron,  B.A.  -  -73  Recent  Alumni  Publications  -  87 

Journalism,  By  H.  Franklin  Gwlsby,  Our  Graduates  in  Journalism  -  87 

B.A. 74  Graduates  in  Arts,  1864  -  -  89 

A '.Christmas  Hymn,  By  Maurice  Victoria  Uni- 

Hutton,  M.A.  -  -  78  versity,  1862-1867  -  -  90 

In  the  Indian  Service,  By  T.  L.  Graduates  in  Medicine,  addresses 

Walker,  M.A.,  Ph.D.  -  -  -  79  unknown  -----  91 

Egyptian  Antiquities  Recently  Pre-  Graduates  of  The  School  of  Practi- 

sented   to   Victoria  University,  By  cal  Science,  1901          -         -         -  92 

E.  M.  J.  Burwash,  M.A.  •  81  Personals 93 

Marriages 94 


THE  REVEREND  PROFESSOR  JAMES  BEAVER,  D.D., 

M.A. 

BY  JOHN  CAMPBELL,  LL.D.,  F.R.S.C., 

Professor  of  Church  History  and  Apologetics,  Presbyterian   College,  Montreal 

JAMES  BEAVEN"  was  born  in  1801,  being  the  second  son  of 
Samuel  Beaven,  of  Westbury,  Wilts.  At  the  age  of  nineteen, 
he  matriculated  at  St.  Edmund's  Hall,  Oxford,  Nov.  4,  1820.  Here 
he  betook  himself  chiefly  to  the  study  of  the  Classics,  m  which  he 
excelled.  In  1824  he  gained  his  B.A.  degree,  and  proceeded  to 
take  holy  orders.  He  became  a  Master  in  1827,  and,  after  fifteen 
years  of  educational  work  and  clerical  duty,  took  his  B.D.  and 
D.D.  degrees  in  1842. 

In  the  following  year,  the  long  projected  King's  College  was 
established  in  Toronto,  and  Dr.  Beaven  was  'appointed  Professor 
of  Theology.  His  prelections  in  that  institution  seem  to  have 
embraced  Apologetics  and  Ethics,  for  I  possess  copies  of  his 
"Elements  of  Natural  Theology,"  1850,  and  Cicero's  "De  Fini- 
bus,"  1853,  published  by  the  Rivingtons  of  London.  On  the  title 
page  of  the  former  he  calls  himself  "  Professor  of  Divinity  in 
King's  College/'  and  on  that  of  the  latter  "  Late  Professor  of 
Theology  in  King's  College."  These  are  both  works  of  merit. 


70  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

In  1850  King's  College  was  reorganized  on  non-sectarian 
principles  as  the  University  of  Toronto;  and,  three  years 
later,  this  was  made  to  consist  of  two  bodies,  the  University 
and  University  College.  The  chair  of  Divinity  being  necessarily 
abolished,  Dr.  Beaven's  connection  with  the  Provincial  Uni- 
versity was  for  a  time  severed,  but  he  was  soon  appointed 
Professor  of  Metaphysics  and  Ethics,  first  in  the  University 
and  later  in  University  College.  The  change  of  mental 
direction  for  a  man  of  fifty,  from  Theology  to  Philosophy,  was  a 
severe  trial,  and  involved  an  amount  of  serious  study  in  new  fields 
of  learning,  such  as  proved  prejudicial  to  his  health.  His  exten- 
sive acquaintance  with  the  philosophical  writings  of  the  Greeks  and 
Romans,  his  early  studies  of  Bacon,  Locke,  and  the  older  English 
writers,  and  his  proficiency  in  Natural  Theology,  helped  him  to  a 
certain  extent  with  the  old  curriculum;  but  the  works  of  the  Scot- 
tish School,"  of  Descartes,  Cousin,  Jouffroy  and  Kant,  must  have 
caused  him  toil  and  pain  to  master.  He  never  professed  to  be  a 
philosopher,  being  too  conscientious  to  make  any  profession  he 
could  not  justify.  His  most  enthusiastic  panegyrist  would  not  call 
him  a  brilliant  lecturer;  but  he  was  laborious,  painstaking,  inde- 
fatigable, and,  while  his  minutely  dictated  analyses  of  books  helped 
many  a  mere  memorizer  to  pass  examinations  and  think  himself  a 
metaphysician,  they  were  of  great  value  to  the  true  student.  His 
honour  men  had  somewhat  of  a  grievance  against  him,  for  he  made 
them  read  the  philosophical  works  of  Aristotle,  Xenophon  and 
Cicero,  in  the  original  Greek  and  Latin,  which  did  not  help  them 
in  the  University  examinations;  but  this  was  work  that  he  himself 
most  thoroughly  enjoyed. 

I  had  been  familiar  with  his  tall,  angular  figure,  clad  in  clerical 
attire,  and  his  apparently  severe  and  rigid  features,  for  they  were 
well-known  in  northern  Toronto,  with  or  without  the  accompani- 
ment of  his  horse  and  gig,  long  before  I  matriculated.  Irreverent 
young  people  quoted  the  lines: 

"  Dr.  Beaven  went  to  Heaven 

On  his  old  gray  mare, 
Dr.  Lett  made  a  bet 

He  never  would  get  there." 

The  venerable  quadruped  figures  in  the  story  of  the  Pseudo- 
Anglican.  A  synod  of  the  Church  of  England  was  in  session, 
and  thither  went  the  Doctor  in  his  gig.  He  overtook  what  seemed 
to  be  a  brother  parson  from  the  country,  and  courteously  offered 
him  a  lift.  In  subsequent  conversation,  it  turned  out  that  the 
cleric  was  a  so-called  dissenter,  whose  union  or  conference  was 
also  then  meeting  in  the  city.  At  once  the  vehicle  drew  up  to  the 


PROFESSOR  JAMES  BEAVEN,  D.D,  M.A.      71 

sidewalk,  and  came  to  a  standstill;  the  apron  was  unbuttoned  and 
the  driver,  pointing  with  the  end  of  a  decayed  whip  to  the  planks, 
icily  remarked,  as  one  who  had  a  grievance,  "  I— ah — mistook  you 
for  a  Churchman;  will  you  please  get  down  out  of  my — ah — 
carriage." 

In  the  Michaelmas  Term  of  1861  I  first  came  into  personal  rela- 
tions with  the  formidable  professor,  sitting  at  his  feet  over  the 
simple  reasonings  and  illustrations  of  Paley's  Natural  Theology. 

Dr.  Beaven  was  a  great  stickler  for  the  wearing  of  cap  and  gown. 
He  regarded  an  ungowned  student  as  an  indecent  exhibition  of 
academic  nakedness.  Yet  he  could  sympathize.  One  afternoon,  at  a 
foot-ball  kick,  my  gown  was  stolen.  Vainly  I  went  over  the  ward- 
robe of  the  resident  G ,  in  which  hung  from  a  dozen  to  a  score 

of  embezzled  robes.  It  was  several  days  before  a  friend  discovered 
it  in  that  supposedly  blameless  sanctuary,  Knox  College.  Meanwhile 
I  had  to  explain  the  situation  to  the  Professor  prior  to  attacking 
the  De  Natura  Deorum,  or  some  such  classic.  Humor  lit  up  his 
eye  and  he  smiled,  as  the  wicked  John  Pontifex  might  have  done, 
while  he  told  how  he,  going  to  a  ball  in  old  King's  College  days, 
and  in  full  academics,  which  he  temporarily  laid  aside,  was  robbed 
of  these  by  some  malicious  practical  joker.  "But,"  he  added 
grimly,  "it  was  no  joke  for  me,  since  the  gown  was  silk  and  cost 
twelve  pounds  and  more;  besides,  I  had  to  go  home  in  a  lady's 
shawl,  with  a  muffler  round  my  head." 

I  think  all  the  students  respected  the  guileless  Nathanael,  the 
"verus  Israelita,"  as  Bonaventura  was  called  by  his  preceptor;  but 
lewd  fellows  of  the  baser  sort  played  tricks  upon  him.  They  bored 
surreptitious  holes  into  his  retiring  room,  and  smelt  him  out  with 
sulphurated  hydrogen,  w7hich  was  the  cause  of  mild  expostulation 
with  Professor  Croft.  They  brought  a  large  ape  out  of  the  museum 
of  Natural  History,  whose  countenance  was  supposed  to  bear  a 
ludicrous  resemblance  to  the  Doctor's  features  in  repose,  and  set 
it  in  his  cathedra,  clothed  in  full  academics.  The  trick  was  an  old 
one,  and  he  was  equal  to  the  occasion. 

"  Gentlemen,"  he  said,  "  if  the  expression  be  appropriate,  I  leave 
you  with  a  teacher  suited  to  your  capacities."  The  ape  was  sadly 
carried  back  to  the  museum. 

Dr.  Beaven  was  occasionally  indisposed  and  unable  to  lecture  in 
the  college.  He  could  not,  however,  neglect  his  honour  men,  whom 
he  invited  to  receive  lectures  in  his  house  on  Bloor  St.  At  the  close 
of  the  lecture,  his  amiable  daughters  dispensed  coffee  to  the 
students,  who  then  took  their  leave  with  the  ordinary  usages  of 
politeness.  But,  on  one  occasion,  a  Scottish  metaphysician  lin- 
gered, and  the  professor,  fixing  him  with  his  eagle  eye,  asked  what 


72  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

more  he  could  do  for  him.  He  answered,  "  Another  cup  of  coffee, 
Doctor,"  whereupon  the  sick  man  straightened  himself  up  and  re- 
plied, "  Mr.  G *-,  I  invited  you  here  to  receive  lectures,  not  to 

drink  coffee."  From  such  traits  as  this  it  might  be  imagined  that 
Dr.  Beaven  was  a  harsh  man.  His  exterior  was  grave,  his  aspect 
normally  severe,  and  his  language,  as  a  rule,  expressed  little 
emotion.  But  at  heart  there  was  no  professor  more  kind,  consid- 
erate, and  patient,  none  to  whom,  had  I  been  in  any  sort  of  trouble, 
I  would  have  sooner  betaken  myself.  His  heavenly  patience  in  the 
lecture  room,  badgered  with  questions  and  delays  innumerable,  is 
still  a  wonderful  phenomenon.  The  precision,  stiffness,  even 
harshness  of  his  speech  were  the  outcome  of  ultra  conscientiousness 
and  fidelity  to  truth  as  he  understood  it.  Integrity  was  written  in 
every  line  of  his  unbending  form,  and  lineament  of  his  counten- 
ance. He  had  his  fair  share  of  trouble  to  bear,  which  one  can  only 
mention  generally,  and  he  bore  it  like  a  Stoic  and  a  Christian 
gentleman. 

He  could  ask  for  assistance  in  the  musical  part  of  his  mission 
services,  and  solicit  financial  aid  for  the  rural  parishes  to  which 
he  ministered,  but  always  with  the  dignity  of  one  who  confers  as 
well  as  begs  a  favor. 

His  life  was  blameless,  and  offered  to  his  students  no  excuse  for 
any  kind  of  meanness  or  dishonorable  conduct.  Of  his  many 
ecclesiastical  duties  while  still  Professor,  I  am  hardly  qualified  to 
write.  He  was  a  canon  of  S'f.  James  Cathedral.  From  1862  till 
1873  he  was  precentor  of  the  Synod  of  Toronto,  a  post  for  which 
his  musical  knowledge  and  skill  fitted  him  in  an  eminent  degree. 
Struggling  parishes  in  and  about  Toronto  received  his  services 
gratuitously.  In  1871  he  resigned  his  professorship,  and  took 
charge  for  a  time  of  the  church  at  Whitby.  Here  eventually  his 
health  gave  way,  and  on  Nov.  10th,  1875,  he  left  this  world  in  the 
full  faith  of  the  Gospel  which  he  believed  so  implicitly  and  exem- 
plified so  well.  Besides  this  I  have  met  with  one  of  his  sons,  a 
clergyman  in  the  Church  of  England,  the  antipodes  of  his  father 
in  cheerful,  genial  friendliness  and  vivacity,  and  another  son, 
Lieutenant  James  Beaven,  stood  shoulder  to  shoulder  with  me  in 
the  covering  rear-guard  at  Bidgeway.  A  third  son  is  the  Hon. 
Robert  Beaven,  well-known  in  British  Columbia  politics. 

If  I  have  not  done  their  father  justice,  it  is  from  no  lack  of 
good-will,  of  reverence,  and  of  grateful  recollection. 

NOTE — Thanks  are  due  James  Bain,  D.C.L.,  Librarian  of  the  Toronto  Public 
Library,  whose  comprehensive  knowledge  and  diligence  were  so  kindly  placed  at 
my  disposal  when  preparing  this  sketch. 


THE  UNIVERSITY  AND  PUBLIC  OPINION.  73 

THE  UNIVERSITY  AND  PUBLIC  OPINION. 

BY  GORDON  WALDRON.  B.A. 

•rriHE  other  day  a  New  Yorlc  newspaper  of  the  first-class  sent 
to  a  number  of  college  professors  a  set  of  questions  touch- 
ing trusts  and  the  tariff.  It  is  not  necessary  here  to  say  more  of 
these  questions  and  the  published  answers  to  them,  than  that  they 
were  upon  the  main  issues  between  the  Rpublican  and  Democratic 
parties.  The  newspaper's  motive  was  to  add  to  public  discussion 
the  weight  and  authority  of  the  educated  mind  and  not  to  enlighten 
itself,  for  its  own  position  had  been  taken  and  defended  with  great 
ability.  The  incident  points  to  a  tendency  in  the  United  States  to 
give  a  hearing  to  the  educated  man.  That  this  tendency  exists  seems 
to  be  further  shown  by  the  public  activity  of  Mr.  Schurman  and 
other  college  presidents,  and  a  review  of  {he  contents  of  the  lead- 
ing public  prints  adds  to  the  evidence.  Of  the  same  kind,  is  the 
attention  given  to  specialists,  such  as  railway  managers,  engineers 
and  bank  managers.  The  evidence  is  hardly  weakened  by  citing 
the  *free  silver  movement  which  for  years  has  occupied  public 
attention,  while  supported,  it  must  be  admitted,  by  some  men 'hold- 
ing college  chairs.  That  this  heresy  is  now  being  dropped  is  due 
to  the  gradual  assertion  of  intellectual  authority,  which  sooner  or 
later  asserts  itself. 

If  we  turn  to  Canada,  it  is  manifest  that  the  intellectual  author- 
ity of  the  college  professor  in  the  discussion  of  the  topics  of  the 
day  is  very  light.  What  enlightenment  of  that  kind  we  receive 
comes  largely  from  a  person  whom  we  are  in  the  habit  of  com- 
plimenting for  the  perfection  of  his  literary  style,  while  dissenting 
from  what  he  says,  as  if  perfection  of  style  might  be  easily  disso- 
ciated from  wisdom. 

The  almost  complete  absorption  of  the  people  in  party  politics,. 
with  its  petty  and  personal  questions,  the  general  luck  of  liters  f 
and  scientific  interests,  the  weakness  of  the  independent  pres*  and 
the  absence  of  a  cultured  leisure  class,  are  among  the  reas^118  why 
the  trained  thinker  in  Canada,  whether  he  fills  a.  coll  eg'''  chair  or 
leads  in  private  a  life  of  reflection,  has  little  power  among  his 
neighbours.  This  is  to  be  deplored.  No  one  wor^  |5pp  an 
aristocracy  of  intellectual  prigs  or  concede  to  r<h<'nted  opinion 
anything  which  cannot  be  maintained  in  the  forum  of  learned  de- 

J  "•  1    '  -      1  1 

bate.  No  one  would  take  away  from  a  self-goverining  ">eople  the  duty 
of  making  up  its  own  mind,  or  unfairly  arraign  Mi<  People's  usual 
leaders,  who  on  the  whole  are  well  informed  ami  l<ad^  their  charge 
ultimately  and  slowly  to  wise  and  just  action.  Th1*  justice  would 
foe  more  speedily  reached  if  our  rulers  feared  th1  censure  of  an 


74  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

educated  opinion,  on  the  leading  of  which  the  people  waited  be- 
fore exercising  judgment,  can  hardly  be  doubted.  We  have  just 
heard  of  an  organized  effort  to  control  by  money  the  public  press. 
If  the  press  can  be  muzzled  or  directed,-  public  judgment  is  likely 
to  be  of  little  value.  When  public  passion  is  aroused,  as  it  was 
lately,  the  worthy  journalist  puts  his  pen  aside  and  the  leadership 
of  the  people  falls  to  the  editor  and  reporter,  whose  opinion  is  not 
above  that  of  those  whom  they  would  advise.  We  are  then  pretty 
certain  to  be  whirled  into  violence  and  unreason.  That  a  mere 
preaching  activity  of  our  professors  on  such  an  occasion  would  be 
of  much  use  is  not  likely.  It  would  be  of  use,  if  beforehand  such 
persons  had  earned  authority. 

There  are  difficulties  in  the  way  of  the  professor  of  a  state  college 
venturing  into  public,  and  especially  into  political,  discussion.  He 
is  the  servant  of  all  the  people,  and  not  merely  of  that  part  whose 
views  may  coincide  with  Tiis.  Still,  tact  may  easily  overcome  these 
difficulties. 


JOUKNALISM. 

BY  H.  FRANKLIN  GADSBY,  B.A. 

THE  day  has  gone  by  when  a  man  could  walk  into  a  sanctum, 
sit  down  at  a  desk,  and  become  editor  of  a  great  daily  news- 
paper by  sheer  brain  power  and  natural  aptitude.    The  profession 
of  journalism  has  become  very  complex.     So  long  as  politics  is  a 

matter  of  expediency  the  journalist  must  be  a  diplomat  and  avoid 
•)  much  or  too  little.  He  must  excel  in  putting  a  half  truth 
deftly.  It  may  pain  him  to  tell  anything  but  the  whole  truth,  but 
he  must  get  used  to  it.  Withal  he  must  write  as  if  he  believed  what 
lie  said,  but  In  must  never  forget  his  manners  or  appear  to  be 
alining.  Even  the  police  reporter  takes  his  cue  from  the  policy 
"It  he  paper  lie  is  on,  and  soon  learns  to  walk  on  eggs  gracefully^ 
and  as  if  he  liked  it.  Custom  insists  on  a  fine  literary  style.  Above 
all  other  people,  i  he  newspaper  man  must  mind  his  p's  and  q's. 

It  is  quite  true  that  there  are  newspapers,  rari  gurgite  nantes, 
which  succeed  because  they  are  absolutely  fearless  and  independ- 
ent; they  have  their  own  iield.  I  have  one  in  mind,  a  power  among 
the  intellectual.-;  of  this  continent,  which  started  out  one  hundred 
years  ago  with  an  outfit  of  firm  principles  which  it  has  never  had 
reason  to  change,  It  is  above  the  temptation  of  opportunism  be- 
cause it  is  liberally  endowed  against  lack  of  patronage.  Lifted 
high  above  the  vicissitudes  of  fortune,  it  has  always  claimed  the 
most  trenchant,  truth-loving  pens,  and  public  favour,  delighted 


JOURNALISM.  75 

at  its  sturdy  frankness,  has  made  it  one  of  the  richest  newspapers  in 
the  world.  But  it  is  the  exception  which  proves  the  rule.  If  there 
were  many  other  papers  like  it,  the  kingdom  of  heaven  would  be 
at  hand. 

The  great  majority  of  daily  papers  in  America  and  Europe 
flourish  by  virtue  of  an  adroit  and  insidious  partisanship,  and  the 
success  of  the  newspaper  as  a  popular  influence  is  in  direct  pro- 
portion to  the  pitch  to  which  this  adroitness  is  brought. 

Journalism  is  a  craft  which  takes  much  learning,  and  demands 
special  faculties.  In  a  short  essay  like  this  it  would  be  impossible 
to  formulate  a  whole  science  of  journalism — and  it  is  an  exact 
science — or  to  give  many  of  the  working  recipes  which  abound 
in  newspaper  offices.  One  of  the  first  things  to  learn  is  that  every 
"  story  "  must  begin  with  a  pertinent  fact.  This  is  a  cruel  blow  to- 
young  college  graduates .  who  are  accustomed  to  make  long  pre- 
liminary disquisitions,  in  the  manner  of  Sir  Walter  Scott,  before 
they  get  at  the  pith  of  the  matter.  However,  it  is  possible  to  state 
a  few  of  the  qualifications  which  everybody,  from  reporter  to  man- 
aging editor,  must  possess  if  he  is  to  be  successful. 

If  a  newspaper  is  not  handled  properly,  it  may  act  like  a  high, 
explosive.  The  underlying  characteristic  of  a  newspaper  man 
must  therefore  be  common  sense.  Common  sense  implies  caution, 
and  avoidance  of  libel  suits  and  surefootedness  in  telling  a  story. 
It  must  warn  a  journalist  when  to  leave  a  subject  alone,  when  to 
take  it  up,  and  how  to  present  it,  so  that  it  will  reach  the  greatest 
number  of  people.  Newspapers  are  particularly  pleased  when  they 
find  a  man  who  can  put  his  common  sense  in  an  uncommon  way. 
Here  is  where  the  flowers  of  journalism  blossom.  The  safe  and 
solid  ground  being  common  sense,  there  is  no  objection  to  imagin- 
ation which  supplies  missing  links,  fancy  which  embellishes  the 
chain  of  thought  and  learning,  which  ransacks  the  ages  for  illus- 
trations to  polish  the  whole.  Add  to  this  humor,  and  you  have 
the  ideal  newspaper  man.  Perhaps  I  miscall  it  humor.  It  may 
be  wit.  It  may  be  levity.  At  any  rate  it  consists  in  taking  an 
event,  looking  at  it  from  the  wrong  corner  and  then  digging  down 
and  using  the  third  grotesque  thought  from  the  surface.  In  Eng- 
land, where  the  newspapers  are  dull,  they  do  not  favour  this  style. 
In  the  United  States  and  Canada,  where  the  papers  are  entertain- 
ing, it  is  quite  the  fashion.  It  is  part  of  that  mask  of  cynicism, 
which  a  nation  wears  to  conceal  a  tender  heart.  Newspapers  are 
very  fond  of  this  shrewd  persiflage  which  touches  the  gravest 
things  lightly,  but  leaves  a  sting  behind.  They  do  not  aim  to- 
wound,  but  they  would  like  it  to  smart  a  little. 

This  wit  is  not  given  in  liquified  form,  as  in  the  comic  weeklies. 
It  consists  chiefly  in  a  humorous  statement  made  with  a  grave- 


76  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

face.  The  sparkle  of  the  thing  may  lurk  in  an  adjective  or  a 
metaphor,  or  even  in  a  pun.  But  it  must  be  crisp,  touch-and-go, 
.and  without  any  appearance  of  the  writer  laughing  at  it  himself: 

Newspapers  do  not  deal  much  in  sentiment.  Sentiment  is  the 
most  difficult  thing  in  the  world  to  handle. 

The  rapid  color  artists  of  the  daily  press  are  forced  to  overdraw 
because  they  haven't  time  for  delicate  nuances  of  feeling.  They 
use  mostly  red  and  yellow.  The  best  way  to  treat  sentiment  in 
a  newspaper  is  to  concede  that  both  writer  and  reader  have  deep 
springs  of  feeling,  but  that  good  taste  says  that  we  shall  not  un- 
cover our  hearts  save  to  banter  them.  Poets  are  sometimes  trained 
in  newspapers,  but  not  to  be  sentimental.  That  is  a  long  art. 
But  they  are  taught  most  excellently  to  be  concise  and  strong. 
Perhaps  we  may  sum  up  these  qualifications  of  which  we  have  been 
speaking  in  the  word  sententiousness. 

It  goes  without  saying  that  a  daily  newspaper  demands  a  quick 
wit  well  applied  to  the  case  in  point.  The  great  hungry  presses, 
•chafing  to  be  at  it,  will  brook  no  wool-gathering.  The  writing 
work  of  an  evening  newspaper  is  done  mostly  between  ten  o'clock 
in  the  morning  and  one  o'clock  in  the  afternoon.  That  leaves  small 
time  for  reflection  or  looking  things  up.  The  newspaper  man's 
knowledge  must  be  on  tap.  He  must  be  able  to  "feel"  his  sub- 
ject as  soon  as  it  is  assigned  to  him.  He  must  sponge  from  his 
mind  all  thoughts  save  those  that  bear  on  the  task  in  hand.  Every 
minute  must  count. 

What  can  the  University  do  to  help  the  newspaper  man  ?  First, 
it  can  inform  his  mind.  ISTo  scrap  of  knowledge  ever  comes  amiss 
to  the  journalist.  Some  chance  will  occur  to  use  it  to  point  a 
moral,  adorn  a  tale,  or  add  piquancy  to  current  affairs.  The  main 
thing,  as  we  have  seen,  is  to  be  able  to  use  it  dexterously  without 
parade.  College  men  who  intend  to  take  up  newspaper  work 
should  be  taught  to  compress,  to  boil  down,  to  condense  their  medi- 
cine so  that  it  may  be  carried  around  in  capsules.  Newspapers 
do  not  object  to  learning  compactly  put,  but  they  will  never  endure 
pedantic  discursiveness.  All  these  mental  riches  must  be  re- 
garded as  side  lights  intended  to  heighten  the  effect  which  for  the 
time  has  the  centre  of  the  stage.  The  more  a  man  stores  his  mind 
.at  college,  the  more  valuable  he  is  to  his  newspaper,  if  he  knows 
how  to  spend  his  stores  wisely. 

As  for  common  sense,  there  are  studies  on  the  curriculum  which 
encourage  that.  Political  economy  and  the  philosophy  of  history 
.afford  an  excellent  training  for  a  man  who  will  be  called  on  daily 
to  judge  quickly  of  many  events.  Imagination  will  be  stimu- 
lated by  a  study  of  the  past  in  all  literatures.  Sententiousness 
be  found  in  the  works  of  Rochefoucauld,  La  Bruyere,  Dean 


JOURNALISM.  77 

Swift,  and  many  others  whom  space  forbids  me  to  mention. 
As  for  style,  there  are  many  good  models.  It  is  a  pet  theory 
of  mine  that  the  University  should  encourage  her  undergraduates 
to  study  the  English  language  at  first  hand  in  the  dictionary. 
Every  word  is  an  idea,  and  ideas  are  what  a  newspaper  wants. 
Though  popular  journalism  aims  to  be  simple  and  direct,  it  rejoices 
in  the  unique  word.  The  daily  press  is  the  greatest  contributor 
to  the  English  language  in  the  world.  It  is  constantly  reaching 
down  to  the  people,  bringing  up  a  word,  dignifying  it  and  giving  it 
a  status.  Let  the  University  teach  more  words  than  it  does.  A 
man  may  go  through  life  with  a  vocabulary  of  three  thousand 
words,  but  he  misses  a  lot  of  pleasure  that  would  come  through  a 
wider  range  of  verbal  endeavor. 

The  University  of  Toronto  is  happily  situated  to  give  the  Cana- 
dian newspaper  man  the  best  training  possible  in  the  way  of  object 
lessons.  In  newspaper  work  a  man  learns  to  do  by  doing.  If  our 
Alma  Mater  ever  seriously  undertakes  instruction  in  journalism, 
she  has  the  materials  at  hand.  Here  is  the  parliament  of  Ontario, 
here  the  provincial  institutions,  here  the  public  men.  No  traveler 
of  distinction,  no  globe-trotting  famous  personage,  no  great  tour- 
ing actor,  no  visiting  celebrity  but  calls  at  Toronto.  A  great  city 
this  for  lectures.  A  great  city,  -a  centre  of  culture  and  national 
affairs;  the  first  city  in  Canada  to  feel  impulses  from  over  sea. 
The  machinery  of  our  Government  within  a  stone's  throw  of  the 
college — Ottawa  not  so  far  away  that  Dominion  cabinet  ministers, 
premiers,  Quebec  statesmen,  cannot  run  down  once  a  week.  A 
picturesque  community  in  which  old  ideas  struggle  with  the  new, 
and  all  are  harmonious.  Sharp  conflicts  of  opinion  in  which  the 
sparks  fly  upward;  a  splendid  friction  of  thought;  the  Parliamen- 
tary debates  in  season;  policies  in  the  making;  the  public  men  right 
under  one's  eye. 

When  the  University  formulates  a  course  in  journalism,  it  must 
bear  in  mind  that  newspapers  never  debate  public  questions  de- 
tached from  the  men  who  are  behind  them.  That  may  be  the  fashion 
in  colleges — to  write  books  in  the  abstract.  The  newspaper  must 
consider  the  vanities,  the  selfishness,  the  passions,  yes,  and  all  the 
mean  little  ephemeral  things  which  impinge  on  truth  and  give  it 
another  color.  An  editorial  may  read  impersonally,  but  if  it  is  a 
shrewd,  timely,  influential  editorial,  it  will  be  illuminated  in  every 
line  with  the  writer's  knowledge  of  the  men  who  are  always  en- 
tangled with  affairs.  The  Professor  of  Journalism  in  the  Univer- 
sity of  Toronto  must  be  a  peripatetic,  and  he  and  his  disciples  must 
visit  many  strange  gardens  and  bring  back  many  strange  trophies 
to  be  analyzed  by  their  logic.  University  men  are  a  growing  ele- 
ment in  journalism.  Fifteen  years  ago  a  college  degree  was,  to 


78 


UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 


say  the  least  of  it,  not  an  advantage  in  a  newspaper  office.  To-day 
some  of  the  most  influential  newspapers  in  America  are  manned 
almost  entirely  by  college  graduates.  Other  things  being  equal,, 
a  college  man  writes  better  and  thinks  more  clearly  than  one  who 
has  not  been  so  highly  educated.  Once  trained  to  the  brevity  and 
directness  which  a  newspaper  demands,  once  taughi,  that  his  book- 
lore  is  a  mere  seasoning,  he  becomes  the  most  valuable  man  on  the 
newspaper.  But  there  is  no  royal  road  to  success  even  for  the  col- 
lege graduate.  He  must  be  content  to  begin  at  the  bottom  of  the 
ladder,  to  climb  up  rung  by  rung,  to  work  hard  and  to  swear  by 
the  newspaper  with  which  he  happens  to  be  employed.  All  this 
drudgery  of  news  gathering,  all  this  mucking  round  in  strange 
places — some  of  them  dirty  at  that — is  his  introduction  to  the 
world  as  it  is,  not  as  it  is  in  books,  or  strained  through  philosophies. 
This  knowledge  of  men,  of  manners,  and  of  local  institutions,  is 
seventy-five  per  cent,  of  the  newspaper  man's  stock  in  trade.  It 
takes  time  to  accumulate.  A  Bachelor  of  Arts  is  not  a  managing 
editor  simply  through  his  sheepskin  and  the  grace  of  God.  He  has 
to  toil  upward  through  many  a  weary  night  to  get  there. 


A  CHRISTMAS  HYMN. 


0  sanctissima,   0  piissima, 
Dulcis  Virgo  Maria, 

Mater  amata  intemerata, 
Ora  ora  pro  nobis. 


Old  Latin  Hymn  (known  as  the  Sicilian 
Mariner's  Hymn.) 


O  most  Holiest,   0  most  lowliest, 

Mary,  'mother  and  maid, 
To  the  undefiled,  to  the  Mother  and  Child, 

To  them  let  prayer  be  prayed. 

Adhuc'in  nubilis  arcus  caeruleis 

Tenebns   trajicit  lucem  ; 
Adhuc  in  saecula  terris  rubecula 

Testificatur  crucem. 

Ad  hue  Na'ura  impure  pura 

Homini  laeta  renidet. 
Ver,  aestas,  alumnus  de'inde  auctumnus 

Tempestivus  arridet. 

Hiems  ipsissima  amabilissima 

Septentrionalibus  plagis; 
Nocte  serena  sidera  plena 

Luna  scintillant  magis. 

Glacie  lacus  fulgurant:  acus 
Frigoris  candent  divinae: 


Stiriae   pendent:    arbores   splendent: 
Micant  in   solo  pruinae. 

Solus  te  homo  alii  bono, 

'Aliud  agens,  ignorat: 
Terrae  addictus,  belluae  mixtus, 

Aurum  imperium  orat. 

Ignosce  bruto:  ignosce!  muto: 

Procul  inanis  sit  fremor: 
Recrea  claudum,  tuarum  laudum 

Fac  aliquando  sit  memor. 

Tu  Mater  matribus,  Patrem  pro  patri- 
bus 

Oro,  pro  filies  Istum: 
Soror  sororibus,  Tu  pro  amoribus 

Ora  pro  omnibus  Christum. 


Still  in  the  dark  cloud  hangs  the  bow 
To  show  man's  gain  and  loss; 

The  robin  still  op  earth  below 
Bears  witness  to  the  cross. 

Still   nature   pure   for   man   impure! 

Reveals  a  kindly  face; 
Spring,  summer,  autumn  come  and  go 

With  each  a  special  grace. 


A  CHRISTMAS  HYMN.  79 

13'en  winter's   very  self  inspires  Bound   down  to  earth,   half  brute  in 

In  this  our  Northern  clime;  worth; 

H^HHudless  night:    the  full  moon's  Gold,  power,  absorbs  his  mind. 

Kht, 
tarriest  stars  of  time.  Pardon  his  deafness;  pardon  sloth; 

Let  all  vain  voices  cease; 

flashing  on  the  lake;  Set  straight  his  faltering  steps,  at  last 

les  gleam  divine:  Grant  him  thy  perfect  peace, 

are  white  with  frozen  light: 
eets  with  hoar  frost  shine.  Mother  of  all  the  Father  pray 

For  fathers;  Son  for  sons; 

alone  for  other  ends  For  all  our   dear  ones,  Mother  dear, 

her  cares  is  blind;  Entreat  thine1  own  dear  One. 

— Maurice  Button. 


IN  THE  INDIAN  SERVICE. 

BY  T.  L.  WALKER,  M.A.,  PH.D., 

Professor  of  Mineralogy  and  Petrography,    University  of  Toronto. 

IN  a  great  empire,  such  as  we  possess  in  Hindustan,  the  servants 
of  the  Sirkar  are  almost  legion.  The  Government  provides 
bread  and  salt  for  many  hundred  thousand  men  in  the  army,  and  as 
police,  magistrates,  collectors  of  revenue,  engineers  and  postal  and 
village  officials.  In  nearly  every  department  of  the  service  the 
most  of  the  work  is  in  the  hands  of  natives.  Over  the  whole  system 
presides  an  almost  insignificant  number  of  Europeans.  Their  duty 
is  to  instruct  the  subordinates,  and  to  supervise,  direct,  and  inspect 
the  work  done  by  those  placed  under  them.  The  British  method  is 
in  this  respect  in  happy  contrast  to  that  of  other  European  colonial 
powers,  who  appear  to  value  their  over-sea  possessions  in  propor- 
tion as  they  furnish  offices  for  men  from  the  home  land. 

This  great  army  of  servants  is  selected  mostly  by  competition, 
though  some  of  the  petty  village  officials  inherit  their  positions. 
The  head  man  of  the  Indian  village — patwari,  lambadar  or  mun- 
sif — usually  receives  his  appointment  because  his  ancestors  have 
done  good  work  for  the  Government  in  the  same  capacity,  and  in 
India  birth  and  family  count  for  more  than  in  any  country  in  the 
west.  Other  officials  are  generally  admitted  to  the  service  after 
having  shown  such  mental,  moral  and  physical  qualities  as  promise 
honest  and  efficient  service.  Every  year  many  thousands  of  Indian 
school  boys  and  students  write  on  one  or  other  of  the  examinations 
which  test  the  mental  qualifications.  Those  who  stand  highest 
are  likely  to  be  appointed,  provided  they  are  found  physically  and 
morally  suited  to  the  work.  A  man  who  has  passed  one  examin- 
ation and  then  tried  and  failed  in  a  higher,  frequently  mentions 
in  applying  for  a  post  that  he  has  failed  at  the  higher  test,  rather 
than  have  his  name  associated  with  the  lower  one,  which  he  must 


80  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

have  passed  before  his  failure.    "Failed  B.A.,"  is  almost  an 
curable  distinction  in  India. 

The  officials  for  the  higher  grades  are  largely  selected  as  a  ri 

of  examinations  held  periodically  in  England.  ]3ritish  citizenship 
admits  a  candidate  to  the  examination  hall,  and  natives  of  India, 
who  have  studied  in  the  best  schools  and  colleges  in  India  and 
the  west,  frequently  rank  high  in  the  list  of  the  successful.  At 
these  examinations  Canadians  have  all  the  privileges  which  are 
offered  to  Englishmen  and  Indians,  though  they  do  not  seem  to 
know  it,  if  one  were  to  judge  from  the  small  number  found  gf&i 
ranks  of  the  superior  service  of  the  Indian  Government.  This 
brief  note  is  written  with  the  object  of  calling  the  attention  of 
Canadians,  and  particularly  of  Canadian  students,  to  the  oppor- 
tunities for  profitable  and  honourable  careers  in  the  service  of  the 
Government  of  India. 

There  are  several  examinations  for  the  different  branches, 
though  I  shall  refer  to  only  two  of  them,  the  Indian  Medical  and 
the  Indian  Civil  Services. 

There  are  in  India  several  hundred  medical  men  regularly  in 
the  employ  of  the  Government,  some  in  civil  posts  as  chiefs  of 
District  Medical  and  Health  Departments,  some  in  the  army 
caring  for  the  health  and  comfort  of  troops  stationed  in  India,  and 
others  with  Indian  contingents  abroad.  They  are  selected  at  com- 
petitive examinations  held  every  year  in  London.  The  salary 
advances  from  about  $1,500  to  $6,000  per  annum,  with  permis- 
sion to  charge  for  private  practice,  and  with  a  pension  at  the  end 
of  about  twenty  years'  service. 

The  Indian  Civil  Service  examination  is  held  every  summer  in 
London,  and,  from  those  who  head  the  list,  the  required  number 
is  selected.  Here  again  physique-  and  morals  are  inquired  into. 
At  the  present  time  about  fifty  men  are  accepted  yearly.  After  a 
year  spent  in  England  at  one  of  the  Universities,  studying  law, 
Oriental  languages  and  learning  to  ride,  the  selected  candidates 
are  sent  to  the  east  as  first-class  passengers.  At  the  great  com- 
petitive examination  there  are  papers  set  on  a  great  variety  of 
subjects:  Latin,  Greek,  Arabic,  Persian,  Sanskrit,  Moderns,  Eng- 
lish, Mathematics,  History  and  the  Sciences.  Each  subject  is 
valued  at  a  certain  number  of  marks,  and  he  who  can  write  well 
on  the  largest  number  of  subjects  wins.  If,  however,  the  candidate 
does  badly  and  falls  below  a  specified  percentage  on  any  paper,  the 
board  of  exaniiners  may  deduct  marks  from  his  total  upon  other 
subjects  as  a  penalty  for  his  trifling.  Classical  students  have  the 
best  chance,  for  there  are  far  more  papers  set  on  subjects  studied 
by  them  than  upon  Mathematics  and  the  Sciences.  The  English 
candidates  come  largely  from  Oxford,  and  from  professional  tutors 


IN  THE  INDIAN  SERVICE.  81 

and  "  crammers  "  in  London.  Only  men  between  certain  ages  are- 
admitted  to  the  examinations;  this  age  varies  from  twenty  to- 
twenty-three. 

These  men  are  well  paid.  They  begin  with  about  $1,600  a  year, 
but  ten  years  later  the  salary  may  be  five  times  as  much.  Furlough 
is  adequate,  and,  after  about  twenty  years'  sendee,  a  pension  of 
£1,000  is  granted,  or,  in  case  of  death,  a  fair  pension  is  given  to  the 
widow. 

In  India  the  civil  servant  develops  either  into  a  judge,  wth  a 
seat  in  the  High  Court  as  a  final  goal,  or  into  a  chief  administrator 
for  a  district  (collector  or  commissioner),  who  may,  if  of  excep- 
tional ability,  become  a  Lieutenant-Governor  of  a  Province,  or  a 
member  of  the  Viceroy's  Council. 

Promotion  is  sure  to  any  man  who  does  his  work  well.  As  re- 
gards method  of  selection,  pay,  promotion  and  possible  advance- 
ment, this  service  is  without  parallel  anywhere  on  our  side  of  the 
Atlantic. 

Life  in  India  is,  on  the  whole,  pleasant.  Lonesome,  feverish,, 
even  dangerous  at  times  it  may  be,  but  the  opportunity  of  learning 
to  know  people  under  conditions  strange  to  us,  of  following  the 
tiger  or  the  rhinoceros  into  his  own  haunts  and  slaying  him,  of  be- 
longing to  a  service  honoured  in  the  west  for  the  great  men  who- 
have  served  before,  and  almost  loved  in  the  east  for  the  justice  and 
help  it  brings,  will  ever  be  to  many  an  inducement  too  great  to  be 
withstood. 


EGYPTIAN  ANTIQUITIES  RECENTLY  PRESENTED  TO 
VICTORIA  UNIVERSITY.. 

BY  E.  M.  J.  BURWASH,  M.A. 

mHROUGH  the  efforts  of  Mr.  0.  T.  Currelly,  M.A.,  who  has 
recently  been  appointed  assistant  to  Professor  Flinders 
Petrie,  of  the  Egypt  Exploration  Fund,  there  has  been  presented 
to  Victoria  University  a  collection  of  Egyptian  antiquities,  illustrat- 
ing the  social  and  religious  conditions  of  that  country  from  the 
paleolithic  to  the  Coptic  times  (about  the  6th  century  A.D.).  This 
material  is  the  first  sent  to  a  Canadian  museum  by  the  directors  of 
the  fund,  the  results  of  their  researches  having  hitherto  been 
divided  between  Great  Britain  and  the  LTnited  States. 

Two  main  classes  of  articles  belong  to  the  prehistoric  period 
(before  5,000  B.  C.).  They  are  flints  of  the  palaeolithic  age, 
and  pottery  from  tombs  of  later,  though  still  prehistoric,  date. 
The  flints  include  a  great  variety  of  articles,  such  as  knives 


«2  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

scrapers,  carding-instruments,  hatchets,  spear-heads,  flakes,  etc. 
Some  are  made  of  brown  jasper,  others  of  a  translucent  onyx-like 
material.  The  prehistoric  pots  are  made  by  hand  without  the  i 
wheel  and  covered  with  a  red  glaze  of  haematite,  which  has  been 
blackened  at  the  top  where  the  pot  was  exposed  to  fire.  The 
tombs  of  this  period  were  excavations  about  eight  by  fifteen  feet,  in , 
the  centre  of  which  the  unembalmed  body  was  laid  on  its  left  side, 
the  knees  drawn  upwards  toward  the  chin,  surrounded  by  numerous 
jars,  weapons  and  other  articles.  The  wooden  tops  of  the  tombs 
have  long  since  fallen  in,  and  the  pottery  when  recovered  is  usually 
in  a  fragmentary  condition.  It  is  of  interest  to  note  that  in 
Egyptian  research  pots  perform  the  function  that  fossils  fulfil  in 
geological  study.  The  make  and  shape  of  the  pot  determines  its 
age  within  certain  well-defined  limits,  and  the  date  of  a  deposit  can 
be  thus  ascertained  with  a  possible  error  of  a  very  few  years  at 
most. 

A  feature  peculiar  to  Eastern  life  from  the  present  to  the  most 
remote  times  is  the  use  of  eye-paint.  Among  the  articles  dating 
from  prehistoric  times  are  slate  palettes  used  for  grinding  green 
malachites  for  this  purpose,  and,  from  the  fourth  dynasty  onward, 
are  found  the  pots,  often  of  very  artistic  material  and  make,  for 
containing  kohl  or  stibium,  the  eye-paint  still  in  use  in  the  East. 
Among  the  pots  may  be  noticed  alabastra  for  containing  ointment 
(the  "alabaster  box"  of  the  ]STew  Testament),  offering-pots  from 
tombs,  wine  jars  closed  with  a  seal,  Ptolemaic  and  Roman  lamps, 
etc. 

Beads  and  amulets  seem  to  have  been  extensively  used  through- 
out nearly  all  periods.  Many  articles  of  personal  adornment  and 
luxury,  produced  at  a  great  expenditure  of  labour,  testify  to  the 
prevalence  among  the  masses  of  the  same  characteristics  that  pro- 
duced temples  and  pyramids  as  memorials  of  the  ambitious  vanity 
of  kings. 

To  the  student  of  religions  the  various  burial  customs  are  of 
great  interest,  indicating,  as  they  do,  the  existence  from  the 
earliest  times  of  a  belief  in  a  future  life,  a  resurrection  of  the  body, 
and  a  judgment  of  the  dead  according  to  the  deeds  done  in  the  \ 
$esh.  This  is  seen  from  the  collections  of  articles  found  in  the 
most  ancient  tombs,  by  the  later  embalming  practices,  illustrated 
by  a  gilt  and  coloured  cartonnage  case  and  breast  cartonnage, 
and  by  a  later  Greek  portrait  crudely  done  upon  the  wooden  panel 
of  a  coffin.  There  are  also  in  the  collection  a  large  number  of 
ushabtis,  or  figures  of  gods  placed  in  tombs.  The  curious  blend- 
ing, or  rather  confusion,  of  this  metaphysical  or  analytic  form  of 
polytheism  with  the  lower  naturalistic  or  synthetic  type,  repre- 
sented by  the  worship  of  animals,  the  sun,  etc.,  is  strikingly  illus- 


EGYPTIAN  ANTIQUITIES.  83 

trated  by  an  embalmed  crocodile.  This  is  of  late  Ptolemaic  age,  a 
time,  no  doubt,  of  the  degeneration  of  the  ancient  religion,  due 
partly  to  outside  influence. 

Among  the  bronzes  are  a  figure  of  Zeus,  of  Greek  origin,  and 
a  figure  of  Har-pa-khra,  or  Horus  the  Child,  who,  with  the  goddess 
Isis,  represented  the  "mother  and  child"  idea  in  the  ancient 
i  Egyptian  religion.  It  is  claimed  by  Professor  Petrie  that  the 
veneration  of  the  Madonna  and  Child  among  Christians  was  the 
direct  consequence  of  the  former  prevalence  of  this  polytheistic 
conception. 

Of  especial  value  to  classical  students  are  the  Roman  and  Greek 
remains,  including  bronze  articles  of  various  kinds,  pottery,  glass, 
and  a  collection  of  Athenian,  Ptolemaic  and  Roman  coins.  The 
latter  are  mostly  librellae  of  Nero,  Tiberius  and  Antoninus,  found 
buried  in  three  large  amphorae  in  the  cellar  of  a  house  at  Bacchais. 
One  of  the  amphorae  with  a  rope  attached  is  also  in  the  collection. 

The  collection  comprises,  (1)  Articles  found  by  Drs.  Grenfell  and  Hunt  in  the 
Fayum  from  1895  to  1901,  during  excavations  described  in  their  books,  "  Oxy- 
rhynchus  Papyri,"  vols.  8  and  11,  and  "  Fayum  Towns." 

(2)  Articles  found  in  excavations  of  the  temple  of  Queen   Hatshepsut,  at  Deir 
elBahari,  by  M.  Naville,  date  B.C.,  1516  to  1481,  including  celebrated  blue  glaze 
of  XVIIIth  dynasty. 

(3)  Articles  mainly  prehistoric,  discovered  by   Professor   Flinders   Petrie   at 
Diospolis  Parva  (the  modern  Hu.) 

(4)  Articles  found  at  Naukratis,  the  great  city  of  the  Delta,  by  Professors 
Petrie  and  Gardner. 

(5)  Articles  (Bronze)  found  by  M.  Naville  at  Bubastis. 

(6)  Articles   of   the   XXVI-XXXth  dynasties,  found  by  Professor    Petrie    at 
Tell   Nebesheh  and  Tell  Dephenneh  (the  Greek  Daphnae,  the  Tahpanhes  of  the 
Bible.) 

(7)  Articles  found  during  the  winter  of  1901-2,  by  Drs.  Grenfell  and  Hunt  in 
the  Fayum. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 


TORONTONENSIA. 


UNIVERSITY   OF   TORONTO 

MONTHLY. 

ADDRESS  ALL  COMMUNICATIONS  FOP. 
PUBLICATION  TO  THE  SECRETARY,  UNI- 
VERSITY OF  TORONTO. 

Published  monthly,   October — June. 
Subscription    $1.00    a    year,  single    copies 

15  cts. 

All  subscriptions  are  credited  October- 
June. 

EDITORIAL  COMMITTEE. 

I.  H.  CAMERON,  M.B.,  Chairman. 

J.  C.  MCLENNAN,  Ph.D.,  Secretary. 

L.  E.  EMBREE,  M.A.;  J.  MCGREGOR 
YOUXR,  B.A. ;  H.  -T.  CODY,  M.  A.;  J.  A. 
COOPER,  B.A.,  LL.B.;  C.  C.  JAMES.  M.A.; 
GEO.  WILKIE,  B.A.;  J.  M.  CLARK,  M.A.; 
LL.B.,  K.C;  J.  W.MALLON,  B.A.,  LL.B.; 
HON.  S.  C.  BIGGS,  B.A.,  K.C. 


S.  J.  ROBERTSON,  B.A.,  Managing  Edi- 
tor. 

THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  ALUMNI 
ASSOCIATION:  LOCAL  ORGANIZATIONS. 

GENERAL  ASSOCIATION.  —  President, 
DR.  R.  A.  REEVE,  Toronto.  Secretary, 
J  C.  MCLENNAN,  Ph.  D.,  Dean's  House, 
University  of  Toronto. 

ALGOMA,  DISTRICT  OF.  —  President, 
REV.  J.  ALLAN,  B.A.,  Sault  Ste.  Marie, 
Ont;  Secretary-Treasurer,  LESLIE  A. 
GREEN,  B.A.,  Sault  Ste.  Marie,  Ont. 

BRANT  COUNTY.  —  President,  A.  J. 
WILKES,  LL.B.,  K.C.,  Brantford,  Ont.; 
Secretary,  M.  J.  KEANE,  M.B.,  Brant- 
ford,  Ont. 

BRITISH  COLUMBIA. — President,  REV. 
R.  WHITTINGTON,  M.A.,  B.Sc.,  Vancou- 
ver, B.C. 

ELGIN  COUNTY,  OUT.— President,  REV. 
C\NON  HILL,  St.  Thomas.  Secretary, 
S.  SILCOX,  B.A.,  B.  Peed.,  St.  Thomas. 

FRONTEKAC  COUNTY.— President.  E.  H. 
SMYTHE,  M.A.,LL.D.,K.C.,  Kingston,  Ont., 
Secretary-Treasurer,  E.  O.  SL1TER,  M.A., 
Kingston,  Ont. 

GREY  AND  BRUCE.  —  President,  A.  G. 
McKAY,  B.A.,  Owen  Sound,  Ont. 
Secretary,  W.  D.  FERRIS,  M.B.,  Shallow 
Lake,  Ont. 

HASTINGS  COUNTY.— President,  LT.- 
COL.  W.  N.  PONTON,  M.A.,  Belleville. 
Secretary,  J.  T.  LUTON,  B.A.,  Belleville. 


HURON  COUNTY.  —  President,  WM. 
GUNN,  M.D.,  Clinton,  Ont.  Secretary- 
Treasurer,  CHAS.  GARROW,  B.A.,  LL.B., 
Goderich,  Ont. 

KENT  COUNTY.  —  President,  D.  S. 
PATTERSON,  B.A.,  Chatham,  Ont.  Sec- 
retary, Miss  GRACE  MCDONALD,  B.A., 
Chatham,  Ont. 

LENNOX  AND  ADDINGTON  COUNTIES. — 
President,  H.  M.  DEROCHB,  B.A.,  K.C., 
Napanee.  Secretary-Treasurer,  U.  J. 
FLACK,  M.A.,  Napanee. 

LINCOLN  COUNTY.— President,  JOHN 
HENDERSON,  M.A.,  St.  Ca^uarines. 
Secretary-Treasurer,  G.  B.  BURSON,  B.A., 
St.  Catharines. 

MIDDLESEX  COUNTY.— President,  TAL- 
BOT  MACBETH,  B.A.,  K.G.,  London. 
Secretary-Treasurer,  F.  E.  PBRRIN,  B.A., 
London. 

OTTAWA. — President,  E.  R.  CAMERON, 
M.A.,  Ottawa.  Secretary-Treasurer,  H. 
A.  BURBIDGE,  B.A.,  Ottawa. 

PERTH  COUNTY,  ONT.— President,  C.  J. 
MCGREGOR,  M.A.,  Stratford,  Ont. 
Secretary-Treasurer,  C.  A.  MAYBERRY, 
E.A.,  LL.B.,  Stratford,  Ont. 

PETERBOROUGH  COUNTY.  —  President, 
E  B.  EDWARDS,  B.A.,  LL.B.,  K.C,, 
Peterborough.  Secretary-Treasurer,  D. 
WALKER,  B.A.,  Peterborough. 

PRINCE  EDWARD  COUNTY.— President, 
M.  CURRIE,  B.A.,  M.B.,  Picton. 

SIMCOE  COUNTY.— President,  DONALD 
Ross,  B.A.,  LL.B.,  Barrie,  Ont;  Secre- 
tary-Treasurer, A.  F.  HUNTER,  M.A., 
Earrie1,  Ont. 

VICTORIA  COUNTY. — President,  J.  C. 
HARSTONE,  B.A.,  Lindsay,  Ont.  Secre- 
tary-Treasurer, Miss  E.  G.  FLAVELLE, 
B.A.,  Lindsay,  Ont. 

WATERLOO  COUNTY. — President,  His 
HONOUR  JUDGE  CHISHOLM,  Berlin,  Ont. 
Secretary-Treasurer,  REV.  W.  A.  BRAD- 
LEY, B.A.,  Berlin,  Ont. 

WELLINGTON  COUNTY,  ONT.  —  Presi- 
dent, WM.  TYTLER,  B.A.,  Guelph,  Ont. 
Secretary-Treasurer,  R.  L.  McKiNNON, 
B.A.,  LL.B.,  Guelph,  Ont 

WENTWORTH  COUNTY  GRADUATES' 
ASSOCIATION. — President,  J.  CHISHOLM, 
B.A.,  Hamilton,  Ont  Secretary- 
Treasurer.  J.  T.  CRAWFORD,  B.A.,  Ham- 
ilton, Ont 


TOKONTOKENSIA. 


85 


Alumni   on   the   Bench. 

Tha  Alumni  generally  join  with 
heartiness  in  congratulating  th«Mr  dis- 
tinguished fellow  graduates,  Mr.  Justice 
Armour  *  of  the  Supreme  Court,  Chief 
Juatice  Moss  of  the  High  Court  and 
Mr.  Justice  Maclaren  of  the  Court  of 
Appeal,  upon  the  honours  recently  con- 
ferred upon  them. 


Hon.  Mr.  Justice  Armour. 

The  Honourable  John  Douglas  Ar- 
mour, B.A.,  '50,  LL.D.,  is  the  youngest 
son  of  the  late  Reverend  Samuel  Ar- 
mour, Rector  of  Cavan,  and  was  born 
in  the  township  of  Otonabee,  near 
Peterborough,  May  4th,  1830.  He  re- 
ceived his  early  education  at  the  local 
schools  and  at  Upper  Canada  College. 
He  entered  the  University  as  a  King's 
College  Exhibitioner,  and  graduated 
in  1850  with  the  degree  of  B.A., 
carrying  off  the  gold  medal  in  Classics. 
He  began  the  study  of  law  under  his 
brother  the  late  Robert  Armour,  after- 
wards Registrar  of  Durham,  and  in 
the  office  of  the  late  Chancellor  Van- 
kougnuet,  and  was  called  to  the  Bar 
in  1853.  He  began  practising  in  Co- 
bourg  in  partnership  with  the  late 
Honourable  Sydney  Smith,  afterwards 
Postmaster-General. 

Chief  Justice  Armour  was  appointed 
County  Crown  Attorney  for  the  United 
Counties  of  Northumberland  and  Dur- 
ham in  March  27th.  1858,  and  Clerk  of 
the  Peace,  May  llth,  1861,  and  a 


Queen's  Counsel  by  Lord  Monk  in 
1867.  He  was  elected  Warden  for  the 
Counties  in  1859-1860.  The  same  year 
he  was  elected  a  Senator  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Toronto,  and  in  1871  became  a 
Bencher  of  the  Law  Society  of  Upper 
Canada.  In  1874  he  declined  tne  Lib- 
eral nomination  in  connection  with 
the  representation  of  West  North- 
umberland in  the  House  of  Com- 
mons. He  was  appointed  a  puisne 
Judge  of  the  Court  of  Queen's  Bench 
on  Mr.  Edward  Blake's  recommenda- 
tion, November  30th,  1877;  and  was 
promoted  to  the  Chief  Justiceship  by 
Sir  John  A.  Macdonald  November  15th, 
1887.  He  has  just  been  made  a  Judge 
of  the  Supreme  Court  by  Sir  Wilfrid 
Laurier. 

He  was  appointed  a  Commissioner 
to  revise  the  Ontario  Statutes  in  1896. 
In  1900  he  was  made  Chief  Justice  of 
Ontario,  which  position  he  has  held 
until  his  recent  promotion  to  the  Su- 
preme Court  of  Canada.  Once  during 
his  presidency  of  the  Court  of  Appeal 
Chief  Justice  Armour  acted  as  Admin- 
istrator of  the  Province  during  the 
illness  of  Sir  Oliver  Mowat.  Last  June 
the  University  conferred  upon  this  dis- 
tinguished graduate  the  degree  of 
LL.D.  honoris  causa. 


Chief  Justice  jMoss. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY. 


Charles  Moss,  LL.D.  (Hon.),  '00,  son 
of  the  late  John  Moss,  brewer,  To- 
ronto, was  born  at  Cobourg,  Ont.,  in 
1840.  His  early  education  was  received 
at  the  George  Street  School,  in  To- 
ronto, and  for  some  years  he  was  en- 
gaged in  his  father's  business.  In  the1 
Michaelmas  Term,  1864,  he  entered 
tiie  Law  Society  as  a  student  of  law. 
The  first  scholarships  awarded  by  the 
Law  Society  were  obtained  by  Mr. 
Moss  in  1865,  '66,  '67,  and  '68.  He  re- 
ceived his  call  to  the  Bar  in  the  Mich- 
aelmas Term,  1869,  and  began  prac- 
tice as  a  member  of  the  law  firm  of 
Osier  and  Moss.  He  was  appointed 
lecturer  and  examiner  of  the  Law 
Society  in  1872,  and  continued  in  the 
discharge  of  these  duties  until  1879.  • 
He  was  elected  a  Bencher  of  the  Law 
Society  in  1880  and  at  every  subse- 
quent election  until  he  received  his 
appointment  to  the  bench.  The  Do- 
minion Government  appointed  him  a 
Q.C.  in  1881. 

He  was  President  of  the  York  Law 
Association,  1891-92;  chairman  of  the 
Legal  Education  Committee  for  a 
number  of  years,  and  representative 
of  the  Law  Society  of  Ontario  in  the 
Senate  of  the  University  of  Toronto, 
1894-97. 

He  was'  appointed  a  puisne  Judge  ot 
the  Court  of  Appeal  in  Io97.  In  1900 
the  Ontario  Government  nominated 
Mr.  Justice  Moss  as  its  representative 
on  the  University  Senate,  and  he  was 
elected  to  the  Vice-Chancellorship  of 
the  University  of  Toronto.  He  has  just 
been  appointed  Chief  Justice  of 
Ontario. 

Chief  Justice  Moss  was  married  in 
1871  to  Emily,  second  daughter  of  cue 
late  Honourable  Robert  Baldwin  Sulli- 
van, in  his  lifetime  Judge  of  the 
Common  Pleas  Court. 

It  is  interesting  to  observe  that 
the  Honourable  Charles  Moss  has  fol- 
lowed very  closely  in  the  footsteps 
of  his  distinguished  brother,  the  late 
Honourable  Thomas  Moss,  who  was 
lecturer  and  examiner  of  the  Law 
Society,  was  elected  a  Bencher  of  the 
Law  Society,  Vice-Chancellor  of  the 
University  of  Toronto,  and  Judge  of 
the  Court  of  Appeal  and  also  Chief 
Justice.  The  Honourable  Thomas  Moss 
also  married  a  daughter  of  the  Honourable 
Robert  Baldwin  Sullivan.  The  other 
tighter — there  were  only  three  children 


— is  pie  wife  of  the  Honourable  W.'G. 
Falconbridge,  B.A.,  '66,  Chief  Justice'  of 
the  King's  Bench. 


Hon.  (Mr.  Justice  Maclaren. 

John  James  Maclaren,  K.C.,  who  has 
been  appointed  Judge  of  the  Court  of 
Appeal,  is  a  son  of  the  late  John 
Maclaren,  a  native  of  Callander,  Scot- 
land. He  was  born  at  Lachute,  Que., 
in  1842,  He  obtained  the  degree  of 
B.A.  at  Victoria  University,  taking  the 
Prince  of  Wales  gold  medal  in  1862; 
M.A.,  1866;  LL.B.,  1868;  LL.D.,  1888, 
and  graduated  B.C.L.  at  McGill  Uni- 
versity in  1868.  He  obtained  his  D.C.L. 
in  course  in  1888.  The  new  Judge  be- 
gan practice  in  1868  in  Montreal,  be- 
ing a  partner  for  a  time  of  N.  W. 
Trenholme,  K.C.  Subsequently  he 
was  head  of  the  law  firm  of  Maclaren, 
Leet  &  Smith.  He  was  called  to  the 
Ontario  Bar  in  1884,  and  came  to  To- 
ronto, where  he  succeeded  the  late 
Hon.  Mr.  Justice  Rose  in  the  law  firm 
of  Rose,  ,Macdonald,  Merritt  &  Shep- 
ley.  He1  was  created  a  Q.C.  by  the 
Quebec  Government  in  1878  and  by 
the  Ontario  Government  in  1890.  He 
was  Secretary  of  the  British  and 
American  joint  commissions  on  Hud- 
son Bay  claims,  1867  to  1869,  and  a 
member  of  the  commission  on  the  code 
of  civil  procedure  of  Quebec  in  1887. 
Mr.  Maclaren  is  a  member  of  the  gov- 


TORONTOXEXSIA. 


87 


erning  bodies  of  many  educational  in- 
stitutions, including  the  Senate  of  the 
University.  He  is  the  author  of  a  num- 
ber of  books  and  has  always  been  an 
active  worker  in  religious,  educational 
and  temperance  movements,  and  is 
Chairman  of  the  Executive  of  the  Do- 
minion Prohibition  Alliance.  In  1&95 
be  represented  Ontario  before  the  Im- 
perial Privy  Council  in  the  appeal 
from  the  decision  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Canada  in  reference  to  the 
Provincial  power  to  grant  prohibition. 
He  represented  the  Liberals  of  Hun- 
tington  in  the  Legislature  of  Quebec 
during  the  term  following  the  election 
of  1874. 


Recent  Faculty  Publications. 

(1)  W.  R.  Lang,  D.Sc.,  University  of 
Toronto,  C.  M.  Carson,  B.A.,  and  J.  C. 
Mackintosh,   "  The  Separation  of  Ar- 
senic, Tin,  and  Antimony."     In  "  The 
Journal   of    the    Society    of    Chemical 
Industry,"  June  16th,  1902. 

(2)  W.  R.  Lang.  D.Sc.,  University  of 
Toronto,  and  C.  M.  Carson,  B.A.,  "The 
Solubility  of  the  Sulphides  of  Arsenic, 
Antimony,  and  Tin."    In   "The  Journal 
of  the  Society  of  Chemical  Industry," 
August  15th,  1902. 

S.  Morley  Wickett,  B.A.,  Ph.D.,  Uni- 
versity of  Toronto,  "  Yukon  Trade," 
(A  report  to  the  Manufacturers'  As- 
sociation). Industrial  Canada,  Vol. 
HI..  No.  3,. 


Recent  Alumni  Publications. 

F.  J.  Alway,  B.A.,  '94,  University  of 
Nebraska,  on  P-Azoxybenzaldehyde,  in 
"  American  Chemical  Journal,"  Vol. 
XXVII.,  No.  1,  July,  1902,  and  in 
"Deutschen  Chemischen  Gesellschaft," 
Vol.  XXXV.,  No.  13. 

J.  C.  Hamilton,  M.A.,  LL.B.,  "The 
Pleiades  in  Legends,  Greek  Drama 
and  Orientation."  Read  before  the 
Canadian  Institute,  April  5,  1902. 
'•  Transactions  of  the  Toronto  Astrono- 
mical Society,"  1902. 

—  "  Idyls  of  Fair  Muskoka,"  in 
the  "  Anglo-American  Magazine,"  Au- 
gust, 1902. 

D.  B.  Harrison,  M.D.,  "  Medical 
Reciprocity,  or  Interstate  Exchange  of 
Licensures."  "  Medical  Record,"  Octo- 
ber 4.  1902. 


Our   Graduates  in   Journalism. 

About  fifty  graduates  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Toronto  are  engaged  in  journal- 
ism in  spite  of  the  absence  of  a  speci- 
al •'  journalistic  "  department  in  the 
University  curriculum.  This  indicates 
that  while  the  University  has  to  some 
extent  influenced  Canadian  journalism, 
it  has  not  been  so  potent  in  this  direc- 
tion as  if  some  attention  had  been 
given  to  journalistic  training.  No 
doubt  in  the  near  future  some  such 
department  will  be  established.  When 
this  is  done  the  number  of  Varsity 
graduates  in  this  sphere  of  activity 
will  bear  a  greater  ratio  than  50  to 
5.000.  One  per  cent,  of  fair-minded, 
intelligent  men,  such  as  the  Univer- 
sity of  Toronto  sends  forth,  is  not  an 
adequate  contribution  to  journalism. 

To  tell  something  about  each  of 
these  fifty  individuals  in  a  short  paper 
is  no  easy  task.  However,  as  it  must 
be  done,  these  graduates  may  be  con- 
sidered in  groups,  of  necessity  arbi- 
trarily arranged. 

A  half  dozen  graduates  have  found 
peaceful  repose  and  a  pleasant  life  out- 
side the  city.  William  Malloy,  B.A., 
'70,  was  engaged  in  teaching  for  some 
years,  but  for  the  past  twelve  years 
has  been  proprietor  and  publisher  of 
the  Stouffville  "  Tribune."  W.  Climie, 
B.A.  '88,  has  since  graduation  been  the 
guide,  philosopher  and  friend  of  the 
Listowel  "Banner,"  of  which  he  is 
editor  and  owner.  W.  J.  Motz,  B.A., 
'93,  was  on  the  "  Berliner  Journal " 
during  his  first  two  years  after  gradu- 
ation, and  then  changed  to  teaching; 
when  his  father  retired  from  the 
journal  mentioned,  in  1899,  the  son 
took  up  his  work.  A.  B.  Watt,  B.A. 
'97,  was  for  a  short  time  on  the  Brant- 
ford  "  Expositor,"  but  has  been  for 
four  years  managing  editor  of  the 
Woodstock  "  Sentinel-Review,"  one  of 
the  best  of  the  Canadian  "  small 
dailies."  W.  McC.  Davidson,  B.A.  '93, 
who  spent  some  years  with  the  Toronto 
'•  Star,"  is  now  editor  of  the  "  Al- 
berta "  at  Calgary,  and  E.  E.  Law, 
B.A.  '95,  is  responsible  for  the  charac- 
ter of  "  Qu'Appelle  Progress,"  a  new 
weekly  in  the  growing  West. 

Another  half  dozen  of  our  graduates 
have  found  their  station  in  life  in  con- 
nection with  the  religious  press.  Rev.  W. 
H.  Withrow,  M.A.  '67,  D.D.,  F.R.C.S., 
did  not  leave  the  pulpit  for  the  edi- 


88 


UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY. 


torial  office  until  1874,  when  lie  became 
editor  of  the  "  Methodist  Magazine " 
and  the  Sunday  school  papers  of  the 
Methodist  Church.  Dr.  Withrow  has 
written  a  history  of  Canada  and  several 
other  books,  besides  keeping  the 
"  Methodist  Magazine "  one  of  the 
most  entertaining  and  most  successful 
church  publications  in  this  country. 
The  Rev.  A.  C.  Courtice,  B.A.  '80,  was 
appointed  editor  of  the  "Christian 
Guardian  "  in  1894,  and  for  eight  years 
has  conducted  that  influential  journal 
with  marked  success.  He  retires  at  the 
end  of  this  year.  In  1898,  the  Rev.  R. 
Douglas  Fraser,  B.A.  '70,  M.A.  '71,  was 
appointed  by  the  Presbyterian  General 
Assembly  as  the  editor  and  business 
manager  of  their  Sabbath-school  pub- 
lications. He  has  given  these  journals 
a  high  standing  among  the  Sabbath- 
school  publications  of  the  world,  al- 
though working  against  strong  foreign 
competition.  During  the  present  year 
he  has  had  associated  with  him  the 
Rev.  J.  M.  Duncan,  B.A.  '86.  K. 
Cameron,  B.A.  '68,  M.A.  '69,  edited 
the  "  Baptist  Freeman  "  at  Woodstock 
for  a  year,  and  was  afterwards  suc- 
cessively with  "The  Baptist  Union" 
in  New  York  and  "  Watchword  and 
Truth  "  of  Boston.  He  has  been  edi- 
tor of  the  latter  for  eight  years.  The 
Rev.  M.  McGregor,  B.A.  '78,  M.A.  '81, 
joined  the  "  Westminster "  staff  in 
April,  1900,  and  is  now  western  editor 
of  "  The  Presbyterian "  and  "  The 
Westminster,"  with  headquarters  at 
Winnipeg. 

The  number  of  graduates  who  have 
found  congenial  surroundings  in  city 
journalism  is  large.  W.  F.  Maclean, 
M.P.,  B.A.  '80,  and  his  brother,  Wal- 
lace Maclean,  B.A.  '80,  have  been  in- 
timately associated  with  the  "Toronto 
World "  almost  from  its  foundation. 
This  journal  has  been  the  pioneer  in 
the  "  one-cent  morning "  field,  and 
owes  its  success  to  its  bright,  crisp 
presentation  of  the  news  of  the  day. 
H.  F.  Gadsby,  B.A.  '89,  has  had  journ- 
alistic experience  in  Chicago  and  De- 
troit, as  well  as  with  Toronto  journals. 
His  best  work  has  been  done  on  the 
Toronto  "  Star,"  his  letters  from  Ot- 
tawa being  considered  the  brightest 
ever  penned  by  a  parliamentary  cor- 
respondent. Between  sessions  he  as- 
sists in  editorial  and  special  work  and 
also  writes  jests  and  jingles,  which  are 


unexcelled  in  Canadian  journalism. 
Some  of  his  poems  have  appeared  in 
leading  magazines.  W.  H.  Bunting, 
B.A.  '92,  has  been  on  the  editorial 
staff  of  the  "  Mail  and  Empire  "  since 
graduation,  following  in  the  journal- 
istic footsteps  of  a  clever  father.  J. 
A.  Garvin,  B.A.  '87,  is  sporting  editor 
of  the  Ottawa  "  Citizen."  J.  F.  Snet- 
zinger,  B.A.  '89,  joined  the  reportorial 
staff  of  the  Toronto  "  World  "  in  1891, 
and  was  subsequently  with  the  "  Em- 
pire," of  which  he  was  city  editor,  in 
1899  he  decided  that  trade  journalism 
was  alluring,  and  he  founded  "  The 
Clothier  and  Haberdasher,"  a  trade 
journal  of  promise.  John  S.  MacLean. 
B.A.  '87,  has  served  with  Ottawa 
"  Free  Press  "  and  Toronto  "  World  " 
as  parliamentary  correspondent;  since 
1892  he  has  been  Montreal  correspond- 
ent of  the  Toronto  "  Globe."  Among 
the  younger  graduates,  F.  D.  Wood- 
worth,  B.A.  '98,  is  sporting  editor  of 
the  "Mail  and  Empire";  J.  R.  Bone, 
B.A.  '99,  and  F.  A.  Carman,  B.A.  '98, 
are  with  the  Toronto  "Star";  H. 
Boultbee,  B.A.  '97,  and  A.  E.  Boyle, 
B.A.  '97,  are  with  the  Toronto 
"Globe";  Alec  M.  Dewar,  B.A.,  '96,  is 
sporting  editor  of  the  Montreal  "  Her- 
ald," and  Bernard  K.  Sandwell,  B.A. 
'97,  is  news  editor  and  critic  of  the  same 
paper;  W.  H.  Greenwood,  B.A.,  '97.  is  a 
member  of  the'Toronto  "World  "  staff;  C. 
H.  Fowler,  B!A.  '96,  is  on  the  Toronto 
"  Telegram." 

In  special  journalistic  work  there  are 
at  least  seven  graduates.  L.  Woolver- 
ton,  B.A.  '69,  M.A.  '70,  has  been  inti- 
mately connected  with  the  fruit-grow- 
ing interests  of  the  Province  of  On- 
tario, and  since  1886  has  been  editor  of 
the  "  Canadian  Horticulturist."  He  was 
superintendent  of  Horticulture  for  the 
Dominion  at  the  World's  Columbian 
Exhibition  in  1893.  J.  W.  Wheaton, 
B.A.  '92,  has  been  similarly  connected 
with  the  dairying  and  farming  inter- 
ests of  the  Province,  and  has  been  edi- 
tor of  "  The  Farming  World  "  since 
the  spring  of  1897.  John  A.  Cooper, 
B.A.  '92,  was  in  trade  journalism  for  a 
time,  but  since  1895  has  been  editor  of 
"  The  Canadian  Magazine,"  the  lead- 
ing monthly  of  the  Dominion.  W.  L. 
Mackenzie  King,  B.A.  '95,  M.A.  '97,  is 
editor  of  the  "  Labor  Gazette,"  publish- 
ed by  the  Dominion  Government,  and 
has  as  his  assistant' R.  H.  Coats,  B.A. 


TOROXTONENSIA. 


89 


'96,  a  graduate  from  the  Toronto 
'•  Globe "  staff.  Mr.  King  is  also 
Deputy  Minister  of  the  Department  of 
Labor.  S.  J.  Robertson,  B.A.  '93,  is 
managing  editor  of  the  "  University  of 
Toronto  Monthly." 

Not  many  of  our  graduates  with 
journalistic  tastes  are  to  be  numbered 
among  those  who  have  "  gone  to  the 
States."  Whether  the  reason  is  that 
the  University  inculcates  and  fosters 
patriotism  or  that  a  University  train- 
ing is  less  valuable  in  United  States 
journalism  than  in  Canada,  it  is 
difficult  to  say.  Those  who  have  gone 
have  mostly  drifted  into  special  work. 
Robert  Matheson,  B.A.  '56,  entered 
journalism  in  1864.  He  conducted  the 
Milton  "  Champion "  for  five  years, 
the  Clinton  "  New  Era  "  for  three,  and 
the  St.  Catharines  daily  "  News  "  for 
four.  He  then  resumed  school  teaching 
for  a  while,  but  has  lived  in  Cnicago 
since  1881,  where  for  fifteen  years  he 
has  been  editor  of  the  "  Criterion." 
Mr.  Matheson  is  now  in  his  sixty- 
eighth  year.  E.  Lyon,  B.A.  '88,  after 
ten  years  on  the  editorial  staff  of  the 
Buffalo  "  Express,"  has  retired  from 
active  journalism.  R.  A.  Cassidy,  B.A. 
'01,  is  assistant  editor  of  the  Baltimore 
"  World,"  a  reputable  journal  in  a 
large  city.  Alfred  S.  Johnson,  B.A. 
'83,  M.A.  '85,  has  been  connected  with 
"  Current  History,"  of  Chicago,  since 
1890.  He  is  still  financially  interested 
in  that  publication,  but  retired  from 
the  editorship  a  year  ago  to  organize  a 
newspaper  syndicate.  Robert  Cameron, 
B.A.  '68,  M.A.  '69,  as  already  stated,  is 
editor  of  a  religious  journal  in  Bos- 
ton. Arthur  E.  McFarlane,  B.A.  '98, 
like  C.  G.  D.  Roberts,  Arthur  Stringer, 
Harvey  O'Higgins,  Norman  Duncan, 
and  other  ex-Canadian  writers,  is  help- 
ing to  brighten  the  pages  of  the  United 
States  magazines  with  clever  short 
stories  in  which  Canadian  characters 
and  scenes  are  occasionally  prominent. 

Some  of  the  women  graduates  try 
journalism  for  a  while,  but  their  ad- 
herence to  it  is'  usually  temporary. 
Margaret  M.  Stovel,  B.A.  '98,  is  writing 
editorial  and  a  children's  page  for  the 
Detroit  "Journal."  Nan  Katharine 
Kerr,  B.A.  '95,  has  been  a  member  of 
the  staff  of  the  Woodstock  "  Sentinel- 
Review  "  for  four  years.  Miss  J.  S. 
Cowan,  B.A.  '95,  was  on  the  "  West- 


minster" for  a  time,  but  went  abroad    a 
year  or  so  since,  and  is  now  in  Berlin. 

Such  is  the1  list,  and  of  it  the  ^ni- 
versity  has  no  reason  to  be  ashamed. 
To  estimate  the  relative  importance 
or  to  give  a  detailed  history  of  each 
graduate-journalist,  or  to  be  abso- 
lutely sure  that  the  list  is  complete, 
has  been  impossible.  It  is  hoped, 
however,  that  the  publication  of  the 
article  will  serve  the  purpose  of  bring- 
ing together,  even  if  only  in  a  senti- 
mental way,  some  fifty  graduates  and 
such  of  their  old  college  friends  as  are 
interested  in  their  welfare  and  success. 


News  from  the  Classes. 

Arts,  Class  of  '64. 

John  W.  Bell,  B.A.,  M.A.,'66,  formerly 
of  Newmarket,  is  a  Prebsyterian  clergy- 
man at  Port  Credit,  Ont. Humph- 
rey Ewing  Buchan,  B.A.,  M.A.,  '69, 
M.B.,  '67,  M.D.,  '69,  is  a  physician  at 
the  Asylum  for  Insane,  London,  Ont. 

Thomas  H.  Burkitt,  B.A.,  is  living 

in  Jamaica.  James  William  Con- 
nor, B.A.,  ex-principal  of  the  Berlin. 
High  School,  resides  at  Berlin,  Ont. 

— Thomas  Dixon  Craig,  B.A.,  M.P., 
formerly  of  Port  Hope,  Ont.,  is  a 
leather  manufacturer  residing  at  533 

Sherbourne  St.,  Toronto. William! 

Boyer  Fleming,  B.A.,  M.A.,  '65,  an  ex- 
member  of  the  Kentucky  State  Legis- 
lature, is  a  member  of  the  Bar  in  ac- 
tive practice  and  residing  at  Louis- 
ville, Ky. Thomas  Grover,  B.A. 

(Ob.).   Robert    Har bottle,     B.A., 

M.A.,  '65,  M.B.,  '67,  is  a  physician  at 

Burford,    Ont. John   Harley,   B.A. 

(Ob-). Rowland  Hill,   B.A.,   is  an 

Anglican    clergyman    at    Sheguindah, 

Ont. Wiliam   Napier   Keefer,   B.A., 

a     retired     surgeon-major     of 
India   Service,   resides   at   Gait,   Ont., 
but  will  spend  the  present  winter  in 

Toronto.  John  King,  b.A.,  M.A.. 

'65,  K.C.,  is  a  barrister  and  a  lecturer 
in  the  Osgoode  Hall  Law  School  and 
a  member  of  the  University  Senate, 
also  a  veteran  of  '66  (Fenian  Raid 
Medal).  He  resides  at  22  Wellington 

Place,  Toronto. Archibald  Macal- 

lum,  B.A.,  M.A.,  '66,  LL.B.,  '77  (Ob.). 
He  was  formerly  head  master  in  the 
Toronto  Model  School  and  principal  of 

the  Hamilton  Collegiate  Institute. 

John  Macmillan,  B.A.,  is  principal  of 
the  Collegiate  Institute,  residing  at  64 


UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY. 


Maclaren    Avenue,    Ottawa,    Ont. 

Thomas  Charles  Patteson,  B.A.,  found- 
ed the  Mail  newspaper  in  1872,  and  for 
several  years  before  was  assistant 
Provincial  Secretary.  He  is  now  post- 
master  of  the  general  post  office,  To- 
ronto.   Thomas  Jaffray  Robertson, 

B.A.,  an  old  member  of  the  town 
council  and  ex-mayor  of  Newmarket, 

is  a  barrister  at  Newmarket,  Ont. 

Julius  Rossin,  B.A.,  M.A.,  '01,  is  living 
at  Heimhuder-strasse  16,  Hamburg, 

Germany. James  Rutledge,  B.A.,  an 

old  member  of  the  town  council  and 
ex-mayor  of  Whitby,  is  a  barrister  at 
Whitby,  Ont. John  Seath,  B.A.,  ex- 
member  of  the  University  Senate,  is  a 
High  School  Inspector  for  Ontario, 
living  at  86  Walmer  Road.  Toronto. 
Frederick  Elias  Seymour,  B.A.,  re- 
sides at  Madoc,  Ont. Elias  Frank- 
lin Snider,  B.A.,  formerly  of  Eglinton, 
Ont.,  died  in  New  Haven,  Conn., 
where  he  was  engaged  in  business. — 
Henry  Byron  Spotton,  B.A.,  M.A.,  '65, 
principal  of  the  Harbord  Street  col- 
legiate institute,  and  ex-member  of 
the  University  Senate,  resides  at  426 

Markham  Street,  Toronto. William 

Henry  Vander  Smissen,  B.A.,  M.A.,  '66, 
veteran  of  '66,  (Fenian  Raid  Medal), 
and  ex-member  of  the  University  Sen- 
te,  is  professor  in  German  in  University 
College,  Toronto,  and  is  now.  completing 
his  twenty-seventh  year  of  academic  work. 

John  Smith   Wilson,  B-A.,  M.A.,  '65, 

is  a  barrister  at  Meaford,  Ont. 

The  addresses  of  the  following  are 
unknown: 

John   Ferguson,   B.A.   William 

Sharpe,  B.A. 

Graduates   of  Victoria  University. 

1862. 

William  S.  Downie,  M.A.  '66,  M.D. 
'65,  is  living  at  550  Jackson  Boul.,  Chi- 
cago, 111.,  U.  S.  A. John  W.  Frost, 

M.A.  '90,  LL.B.  '69,  is  living  at  Owen 

Sound,  Ont. E.  P.  Harris,  M.A.  '62, 

is  living  in  Amherst,  Mass.,  U.S.A. 

William    Lumsden,    M.A.     '62     (Hon.) 

(Ob.)  Edward   Morrow,    M.A.    '67 

(Ob.)  John  James  Maclaren,  K.C., 

M.A.   '66,  LL.B.  '68,  LLD.  '88,  is  Judge 

of  the  Court  of  Appeal,  Toronto. S. 

S.  Nelles,  M.A.  '62,  LL.D.  '72.  (Ob.)— 
Alfred  H.  Reynar,  M.A.,  '69,  LL.D.  '89, 
is    professor    of    English    at    Victoria 
College,    Toronto.  John    Salmon, 


B.A.,  is  pastor  of  Bethany  Chapel,  and 
lives  at  98  Bellevue  Avenue,  Toronto 

W.  H.  Schofield,  M.A.  '67  (Ob  ) 

Dr.    Geo.    Wright,    M.A.    '67    (Ob) 

George  Young,  M.A.  '66,  is  living  in 
Trenton,  Ont. 

1863. 

Thomas  Adams  B.A.  (Ob.). Ham- 
ilton Fisk  Biggar,  M.A.,  '92,  M.D., 
LL.D.,  is  living  in  Cleveland,  O. — - 
John  Burwash,  M.A.,  '72,  is  living  at 

89  Avenue  Road,  Toronto. John  B. 

Clarkson,  M.A.,  '73,  is  living  at  19  Du- 

rocher     St.,     Montreal,     Que. John 

Cartwright  Detlor,  M.A.    '71,  is  living 

in  North  Bay,  Ont. William  Moore 

Elliot,  M.A.,  '66,  is  living  at  Deloraine, 

Man. Charles  Erastus  Hickey,  B.A., 

M.D.,  is  living  at  Morrisburg,  Ont. — 
Henry  Hough,  LL.D.  '91  (Hon.),  is  pro- 
prietor   of   the    Hough    Lithographing 
Co.,  and  is  living  at  28  Maitland  St.,  To- 
ronto.  Jacob  E.  Howell,  M.A.  '68,  is 

living    at    Hanover. David    Kennedy, 

M.A.    '68    (Ob.) William    H.    Lowe 

LL.B.    '67    (Ob.) William    Franklin 

Metcalfe,  B.A.,  is  Excise  Officer  of  the 
inland  Revenue  Department  and  lives 

at  76   Bismarck  Avenue,  Toronto. 

William  Frederick  Morrison,  M.A.  '68 

M.D.,  is  living  in  Sidney,  N.S.W. ' 

Alfred  McClatchie,  M.A.,  '68,  is  living 

at  Walbridge,  Ont. Robert  bhaw, 

B.A.  (Ob.). James  Spencer,  M.A./63 

(Ob.). William  Coleman  Washing-  • 

ton,  M.A.,  '68,  is  living  at  Barrie,  Ont. 

^ William    C.    Watson,    B.A.,    M.A., 

'67,    is    living    in    Eramosa,    Ont.    

Richard  Watson  Wihiams,  B.A.,  M.D., 

is  living  at  Weston,   Ont.  John 

Ryerson  Youmans,  M.A.,  '68,  is  living 
in  Toronto. 

1864. 

Nelson  Gordon  Bigelow,  M.A.,  '66, 
LL.B.,  '67,  LL.D.,  '92  (Ob.).— George 
H.  Bridgman  M.A.,  '67,  is  at  Hamline 

University,   Hamline,   Minn. John 

F.  German,  M.A.,  '67,  is  a  Methodist 
clergyman  living  at  84  SummerhiU 
Avenue,  Toronto. Fred.  Jabez  Hay- 
den,  M.A.,  '72,  is  living  at  Fort  Wayne, 

Ind.,  U.S.A. John  B.  Keaguey,  B.A. 

(Ob.).— Osborne  R.  Lambly,  M.A.,  '68, 
is  living  in  Belleville,  Ont. Wil- 
liam Sidney  McCullough,  M.A.,  '71 
(Ob.).— John  Edward  Rose,  M.A.,  '67, 
LL.B.,  '67,  LL.D.  '85  (Ob.).— Wilmot 
R.  Squier,  B.A.  (Ob.).— John  D.  Stark, 
M.A.,  '67,  is  living  in  Toronto,  Ont. 


TORONTONENSIA. 


91 


-John  C.  Willmot,  M.A.,  '68,  is  liv- 


ing in  Stouffville,  Ont. 

1865. 

Harry  Burkholder,  B.A.,  is  living  in 

Chicago,  111. Abraham  Devitt,  M.A., 

'69,  is  living  in  Waterloo,  Ont. 

Hugh  Johnston,  M.A.  '69,  is  pastor 
of  the  First  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church,  and  lives  at  2212  St.  Paul 
Street,  Baltimore,  Md.  Anorew 

-Peter  E.  W. 

— Cyrus   W. 

Edward 


Milne,  ,M.A.,  '68  (Ob.). — 
Moyer,  M.A.,  '69  (Ob.).- 
Neville,  M.A.,  '68  (Ob.). 


Parlow,  B.A.,  is  a  clerk  in  the  Peoples' 
Coal  Co.,  and  lives  at  258  Lisgar 
Street,  Toronto.  Alfred  M.  Ste- 
phens, B.A.,  (.Ob.). 

186b. 

Alexander  Hardie,  M.A.,  '69,  is  liv- 
ing in  Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  U.S.A. 

Simeon  H.  Janes,  M.A.  '72,  is  living 
at  72  Carlton  Street,  Toronto. Har- 
vard C.  McMullen,  M.A.,  '92,  is  living 

in  Picton,  Ont. Jonathan  Pettet, 

M.A.,  '69,  M.D.,  is  living  in  Cleveland, 

Ohio,   U.S.A.   Josiah   H.   Rogers, 

B.A.,    is    living    in    Picton,    Ont. 

Charles  W.  Stickle,  M.A.,  '69,  is  liv- 
ing at  Osgoode,  Ont. 

1867. 

I.  B.  Aylesworth,  M.A.,  '68,  LL.B., 
'76,  LL.D.,  '78,  is  a  Methodist  clergy- 
man at  St.  Glair,  Ont. Charles  A. 

Bunt,  M.A.,  '70  (Ob.). R.  B.  Carman, 

M.A.,  '68,  is  living  in  Cornwall,  Ont. 

— Edwin  A.  Chown,  B.A.,  is  a  Metho- 
dist clergyman,  living  at  31  Madison 

Avenue,  Toronto. Robert  Hardie, 

B.A.  (Ob.). Richard  H.  Harper,  B.A., 

is  living  at  Picton,  Ont. Theodore 

A.  Howard,  B.A.,  is  living  at  Aylmer, 

Que.  Freeman  Lane,  M.A.,  '68, 

is  living  in  Chicago,  111. T.  M.  Mc- 

Intyre,  M.A.,  '68,  LL.B.,  '78  (Ob.). 

William  L.  Payne,  M.A.,  '72,  LL.B., 

'72,  is  living  at  Colborne,  Ont. 

John  Wilson,  B.A.,  is  living  at  Mag- 

netawan,  Ont. W.  H.  Wiithrow, 

D.D.,  F.R.S.C.  (M.A.,  '67),  is  editor  of 
the  Canadian  Methodist  Magazine,  and 
Jives  at  224  Jarvis  Street,  Toronto. 


Graduates  in  Medicine. 

The  addresses  of  the  following  gradu- 
ates in  Medicine1  are  unknown: 


1870. 

Allan   Crawford,    M.D. Aleraham 

Decow,     M.D. G.     R.     Richardson, 

M.D. Daniel  Franklin   Stone,  M.B. 

Alfred  Williams,  M.B. 

1871. 

Fred     C.     Cluxton,     M.D. James 

Eakins,  M.B. John  Fraser,  M.D. 

William  Long,  ,M.D. J.  P.  Lovekin, 

M.D. 

1872. 

Thomas  Sterling  Barclay,  M.D. 

W.  S.  Boyle,  M.D. Lome  C.  Camp- 
bell, M.D. Robert  Carter,  M.D. 

John    Beattie    Crozier,    M.B. J.  P. 

Ferguson,     M.D.  Edward     Mark, 

M.D.  John     Sangster    McCollum, 

M.D. Herbert    Edward      Shepherd, 

M.D. Nelson  Washington,  M.D. 

1873. 

Wm.   Jacques,    M.D. Wm.    Philp, 

M.D. Joseph  Richardson,  M.B. 

1874. 

H.  Douglass,  M.D. 
1876. 

John  Clarke,  M.D. A.  R.  Ken- 
nedy, M.D. Wm.  Rattray  Knowles, 

M.B. James  Langstaff,  M.D. Al- 
bert Sanderson,  M.B. 

1877. 

William  A.  (Munn,  M.B. William 

Edwin  Winskell,  M.B. 

.      1878. 

William  Henry  Burton,  M.B.,  M.D. 
'81 L.  Craig,  M.D. Henry  An- 
thony De  Lorn,  M.B. John  McGrath, 

M.B. 

1879. 

John    D.    Anderson,    M.B. James 

Gilmour  Head,  M.B.,  M.D.  '88 J.  M. 

King,     M.D. Robert    Philo.     Mills, 

M.B.   John   Joseph   Mclllhargey, 

M.D. 

1880. 

J.    I.    Clendenning,    M.D. J.    Gal- 

braith,  M.D. O.  J.  Gordon,  M.D. 

J.  E.  Graham,  M.D. Hamilton  Mei- 

kle,  M.D. John  R.  McCarroll,  M.D. 

Robert  Patterson,  |M.B. George 

B.  Thompson.  M.B.,  M.D.  '80. 


92 


UNIVEKSITY  OF  TOEONTO  MONTHLY 


1881. 

H.  Baldwin,  M.D.,  C.M. John 

Crombie  Burt,  M.B.,  M.D. A.  Camp- 
bell, M.D. Thomas  Chisholm,  M.D. 

—John  Malton  Collon,  M.D. G.  H. 

Hahen,  M.D. Henry  Kay  Kerr, 

M.B. William  Edward  ,Maclin,  M.B. 

Duncan  A.  McTavish,  M.B. Ed- 
ward Robillard,  M.D. William  H. 

Street,  M.D. James  Benson  White, 

M.D. William  Lawrence  Wither- 

spoon,  M.B. 

1882. 

Ralph  Burton,  M.D. James  Camp- 
bell,  M.D. J.   T.    Carroll,   M.D. 

William  John  Killow,  M.D. William 

G.  Stuart  McDonald.  ,M.D.— Peter  Clark 
Walmsley,  M.B. Charles  James  Wil- 
son, M.D. 

1883. 

Charles   E.    Cochran,   M.D. J.    S. 

Draper,  M.D. Wm.   Kennedy,  M.D. 

Elgin  Laws,  M.D. Samuel  Stew- 
art, M.D.  • 

1884. 

Alexander  Broadfoot,  M.D. James 

W.  Campbell,  M.D. Duncan  Camp- 
bell, M.D.  -  -  John  Wesley  Clerke, 

M.B. George    A.    Cherry,  ;M.D. 

James     Johnston,     M.B. James    H. 

Jolliffe,  M.D. Samuel  Edgar  C.  Mc- 
Dowell, M.D. Alf.  Corbett  Smith, 

M.D. George  S.  Wattam,  M.D. 

1885. 

John     Barber,     M.D. Frederick 

Warren  Cane,  M.B. C.  E.  Lawrence, 

M.D. John    Morty,    M.D. Hector 

jMcGillivray,     M.D. Mark     Richard 

Saunders,  M.B. 

1886. 

Nathaniel  Aikens,  M.D. W.  J.  Fox, 

M.D. G.    McDiarmid,    M.D. T.  J. 

McDonald,    M.D. Thomas  McEwen, 

M.D. Alexander   Stuart  Thompson, 

M.B. 


School  of  Practical  Science.   19O1. 

R.  N.  Barrett  is  taking  post-graduate 
work  at  the  School  of  Practical  Science. 

W.  G.  Beatty  is  living  in  Fergus, 

Ont. G.  M.  Bertram  is  in  the  office  of 

Sullivan  Machinery  Co.,  71  Broadway, 


New  York. W.  J.  Bowers   is  in  tne 

office  of  Willis  Chipman,  C.E.,  To- 
ronto.  E.  T.  J.  Brandon  is  taking  a 

post-graduate  course  in  the  School  ol 

Practical   Science,   Toronto. W.    P. 

Brereton      is    with    Smart,    Eby    Co., 

Hamilton,  Ont. J.  T.  Broughton    is 

with  the  Northey  Co.,  L't'd.,  Toronto. 
— W.  G.  Chace  is  a  Fellow  in  Elec- 
trical  Engineering   at   the   School    of 

Practical   Science,  Toronto. A.   G. 

Christie     is     with   the  Westinghouse 

Machine   Co.,   Pittsburg,   Pa. J.   R. 

Cockburn  is  taking  a  post-graduate 
course  in  the  School  of  Practical 
Science,  Toronto, W.  A.  Duff  is  as- 
sistant engineer  on  construction, 
Grand  Trunk  Ry.,  Hamilton,  Ont. — 
D.  E.  Eason  is  taking  a  post-graduate 
course  in  the  School  of  Practical 

Science,  Toronto. S.  Gagne  is  on 

the  engineering  staff  of  the  Victoria, 
Vancouver  &  Eastern  Ry.,  Grand 

Forks,  B.C. N.  R.  Gibson  is  in  the 

works  of  Cowan  &  Co.,  Gait,  Ont. 

C.  Harvey  is  taking  a  post-graduate 
course  in  the  School  of  Practical 

Science,  Toronto. A.  T.  E.  Hamer 

is  assayer  for  the  Rock  Lake  Mining 
Co.,  Bruce  Mines,  Ont. F.  C.  Jack- 
son is  resident  engineer,  Bruce  Mines 
&  Algoma  Ry.,  Bruce  Mines,  Ont. — 
A.  Laidlaw  is  on  the  engineering  staff 
of  the  National  Portland  Cement  Co., 

Toronto.  W.    C.    Lumbers    is    a 

draftsman  in  the  office  of  the  Cana- 
dian Pacific  Ry.  engineer,  Toronto. 

A.  C.  Macdougall  is  a  draftsman 

on  thei  staff  of  the  Canadian  General 

Electric  Co.,  Toronto. A.  T.  C.  Mc- 

Master  is  taking  a  post-graduate 
course  at  the  School  of  Practical 

Science,  Toronto. J.  G.  MacMillan  is 

Fellow  in  Mining  Engineering)  School 

of  Practical  Science. H.  G.  McVean 

is  Demonstrator  in  Mechanical  Engi- 
neering in  the  School  of  Practical 

Science.   Toronto. W.   C.   Matheson 

is  an  assayer  for  the  Canadian  Gold 

Fields  Co.,  Delora,  Ont. H.  T.  Mid- 

dleton  is  taking  a  post-graduate 
course  at  the  School  of  Practical 

Science,  Toronto J.  L.  R.  Parsons, 

B.A..  is  geologist  for  the  Algoma  Com- 
mercial Co.,  Sault  Ste.  Marie,  Ont. 

G.  H.  Power  is  in  the  office  of  Willis 
Chipman,  C.E.,  Toronto  — —  H.  W. 
Price  is  Demonstrator  in  Electrical  En. 
gineerine  at  the  School  of  Practical 
Science,  Toronto. H.  P.  Rust  is  tak- 
ing a  post-graduate  course  in  the 


TOKONTOKENSIA. 


03 


School  of  Practical  Science,  Toronto. 

M.  V.  Sauer  is  Fellow  in  Electrical 

Engineering  in  the  School  of  Prac- 
tical Science,  Toronto. W.  H.  Ste- 
venson is  taking  a  post-graduate 
course  in  the  School  of  Practical 

Science,  Toronto. R.  D.  Willson    is 

on  the  engineering  staff  of  the  Cana- 
dian Northern  Ry.,  Winnipeg,  Man. 

Personals. 

R.  J.  Dwyer,  M.B.  '91,  has  resumed 
practice  in  Toronto  after  spending  six 
months  in  Europe  ;  while  abroad  lie  re- 
ceived the  degree  of  M.  R.  C.  P.,  London. 

C.  H.  Koyle,  B.A.  '77,  has  removed 
from  New  York  city  to  Nutley,  N.J. 

R.  P.  Vivian,  M.B.  '99,  is  a  practis- 
ing physician  in  Barrie,  Ont. 

T.  D.  Allingham,  B.A.  '99,  is  living 
in  North  Bay,  Ont. 

Miss  N.  E.  Andison,  B.A.  '99,  is  on 
the  staff  of  the  Westbourne  Ladies' 
School,  Bloor  Street  W.,  Toronto. 

Ralph  S.  Lillie,  B.A.  '96,  has  recently 
been  appointed  instructor  in  Physi- 
ology and  Histology  in  the  Zoological 
Department  of  the  University  of  Ne- 
braska, and  has  been  stationed  at 
Lincoln  since  September.  Omaha 
Medical  College  has  recently  become 
the  Medical  Faculty  of  the  University 
of  Nebraska,  and  the  preliminary 
scientific  education  of  its  medical 
students  will  in  future  be  conducted  at 
Lincoln  along  with  the  Arts  Faculty. 

J.  Nelson  Robertson,  B.A.  '97,  who 
after  graduation  taught  a  year  in 
Pickering  College,  and  also  in  the 
Campbellford,  Ont.,  high  school,  is 
now  taking  post-graduate  work  at  the 
University  of  Yale  in  Latin,  Greek 
and  Hebrew.  Mr.  Robertson  is  this 
year  availing  himself  of  the  scholar- 
ship which  he  won  at  Yale  some  time 
ago. 

Miss  E.  A.  Robinson  B.A.  '02,  is  liv- 
ing at  152  Main  Street,  HackensacK, 
N.J. 

Miss  M.  C.  E.  Cameron.  B.A.  '97,  is 
teaching  in  the  Robert  Walker  High 
School,  Northern  Division,  Chicago, 
Illinois. 

Miss  C.  A.  Cameron,  B.A.  '02,  who 
is  teaching  in  the  Fern  Avenue  public 
school,  Toronto,  resides  at  467  Dover- 
court  Road. 

W.  E.  Wagner,  B.A.Sc.  '99,  is  on  the 
staff  of  the  General  Construction  Co., 
136  Liberty  Street,  New  York. 


J.  F.  Apsey  (S.P.S.  '88),  O.L.S.,  is 
living  at  12  St.  Paul  Street,  Baltimore, 
Md. 

J.  T.  Richardson,  B.A.  '99,  barrister, 
is  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Coatsworth 
&  Richardson,  Temple  Building,  To- 
ronto. 

J.  R.  W.  Meredith,  B.A.  '99,  and  M. 
C.  Cameron,  B.A.  '99,  compose  the  law 
firm  of  Meredith  &  Cameron,  Temple 
Building,  Toronto. 

T.  A.  Colclough,  B.A.  '98,  is  on  the 
staff  of  the  Bishop  Ridley  College,  St. 
Catharines,  Ont. 

F.  B.  Linfield,  B.S.A.  '91,  who  has 
been  on  the  staff  of  the  Utah  State 
Agricultural  College  for  some  time, 
has  been  made  principal  of  the  Mon- 
tana State  Agricultural  College. 

W.  J.  Dobbie,  B.A.  '97,  M.A.  '99,  has 
resigned  his  position  as  commercial 
master  in  the  Guelph  collegiate  insti- 
tute to  stud}'  law  in  Toronto. 

Miss  M.  Hutton,  B.A.  '98,  M.A.  '02, 
is  taking  post-graduate  work  at  uie 
University  of  Berlin,  Germany. 

Miss  C.  C.  Grant,  B.A.  '01,  has  re- 
moved from  Onilia  to  Essex,  Ont, 
where  she  teaches  history  and  mod- 
ern languages  in  the  high  school. 

W.  T.  Allison,  B.A.  '99,  M.A.  '00, 
B.D..  (Yale),  has  been  ordained  a  minis, 
ter  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  and 
was  recently  inducted  into  the  charge 
of  Stayner,  Ont. 

J.  A.  (McAndrew,  B.A.  '81,  has  been 
appointed  Inspector  of  Legal  Offices, 
Osgoode  Hall,  and  Alexander  Mc- 
Gregor, B.A.  '98,  LL.B.  '01.  has  been  ap- 
pointed clerk  in  the  Registrar's  Office, 
Osgoode  Hall. 

The  many  friends  of  Mrs.  Geo. 
Watson  (Miss  E.  M.  Ackerman,  B.A. 
'96),  and  Mrs.  C.  F.  Hamilton  (Miss 
C.  A.  Ross,  B.A.  '92),  will  regret  to 
learn  of  their  death. 

Rev.  Joseph  Henry  George,  B.A.  '80, 
M.A.  '85,  whose  formal  inauguration 
as  President  of  the  Chicago  Theologi- 
cal Seminary  took  place  recently,  was 
born  in  Cobourg,  Ont.,  May  3,  1852, 
and  graduated  in  Arts  and  Theology 
at  Victoria  Univ.ersity,  where  he1  won 
the  gold  medal  in  philosophy  and 
Hebrew.  After  four  years  spent  in 
post-graduate  work,  he  entered  Har- 
vard, from  which  he  took  special 


UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 


courses  in  theology  and  philosophy, 
and  received  the  degree:  of  Ph.D.  Dr. 
George's  first  pastorate  was  in  the 
John  Street  Presbyterian  Church  at 
Belleville,  Ont.,  where  he  married  a 
sister  of  Mr.  W.  B.  N9rthrup,  M.P. 
In  1891  he  was  called  to  the  pulpit  or 
the  First  Congregational  Church  in 
St.  Louis,  and  remained  there  until 
1897,  when  he  went  to  Montreal  as 
Principal  of  thei  Congregational  Col- 
lege in  that  city.  In  1889  he  was  sent 
to  England  by  the  Canadian  Congre- 
gational churches  to  make  a  special 
study  of  foreign  methods  in  theo- 
logical instruction.  Upon  his  return 
to  Canada  he  was  appointed  chairman 
of  the  Canadian  Congregational  Union 
and  President  of  the  Teachers'  Associ- 
ation in  the  Province  of  Quebec.  He 
began  his  duties  as  President  of  the 
Chicago  Theological  Seminary  in 
September,  1901. 

G.  B.  Smith.  B.A.  '02;  W.  H.  F.  Ad- 
<lison,  B.A.  '02;  and  A.  H.  Rolph, 
B.A.  '02,  have  become!  undergraduates 
in  Medicine.  The  first  is  also  labora- 
tory assistant  in  Chemistry,  and  the 
second  is  assistant  to  Professor  K. 
Ramsay  Wright  in  the  Biological 
Museum. 

C.  E.  Anger,  B.A.  '02,  is  teaching 
French  in  Washington  and  Jefferson 
College,  Washington,  and  D.  R.  Moore, 
B.A.  '02,  is  teacher  of  English  and  his- 
tory in  the  same  institution. 

W.  E.  Taylor,  B.A.  '01,  M.A.  '02,  has 
been  appointed  librarian  of  Wycliffe 
College. 

J.  F.  Fox,  B.A.  '02,  has  postponed 
attendance  at  Wycliffe  College  for  a 
year,  and  will  be  employed  in  the 
newly  acquired  branch  of  the  Stan- 
dard Bank  at  Parkhiil.  He  has  also 
resigned  his  Hebrew  lectureship  in 
Trinity  University  for  the  same 
reason. 

Miss  B.  King,  B.A.  '02,  Is  spending 
a  year  in  Austria  and  Germany  with 
her  sister. 

W.  G.  McFarlane,  B.A.  '02,  is  taking 
the  course  in  electrical  engineering  at 
the  School  of  Practical  Science. 

Eleven  of  the  class  of  '02,  Arts,  are 
studying  Theology  this  year:  Messrs. 
A.  C.  Justice,  W.  A.  Amos,  A.  M.  Boyle, 
C.  A.  McRae,  S.  G.  Steele,  and  A.  E. 
Armstrong  at  Knox  College ;  Mr.  H.  T. 
Wallace  at  Queen's  University,  and 
Messrs.  H.  Neville,  C.  W.  DeMille  and 
J.  N.  Clarry  at  Victoria  College. 


R.  W.  Woodroofe,  B.A.  '02,  is  curate 
of  the  Crony  n  Memorial  Church, 
London. 

W.  H.  Miller,  M.D.  '60,  is  a  practis- 
ing physician  at  Port  Brownston, 
Jamaica,  and  has  just  returned  home 
after  visiting  for  some  time  in  On- 
tario. 

Julius  E.  Klotz,  M.B.  '97,  L.R.C.P. 
(Edin.),  who  has  returned  from  his 
post-graduatei  studies  in  the  various 
European  schools,  is  a  practising 
physician  at  170  Metcalfe  Street,  Ot- 
tawa. 

,Mrs.  F.  A.  Stafford  (Miss  Jessie 
Dowd,  B.A.  '95),  resides  at  1028  Vir- 
ginia Street,  Toledo,  Ohio. 

Mrs.  Jaffray  (Miss  E.  L.  Gillespie, 
B.A.  '96),  resides  at  74  Grenville 
Street,  Toronto. 

J.  M.  Bell,  B.A.  '02,  fellow  in  Chem- 
istry in  the  University  of  Cornell,  re- 
sides at  209  William  Street,  Ithaca, 
N.Y. 

F.  N.  Speller,  B.A.Sc.  '94,  is  on  the 
staff  of  the  National  Tube  Works  of 
the  United  States  Steel  Corporation, 
McKeesport,  Pa. 

George  A.  Hackney,  B.A.  '01,  is  a 
Methodist  missionary  at  Camp  Mc- 
Kinney,  B.C. 

D.  G.  Campbell,  B.A.  '02,  has  a  gen- 
eral store  in  Lacombe,  Alberta. 


Marriages. 

McEntee-Evison  —  F.  D.  McEntee, 
B.A.  '00,  was  married  a  short  time  ago 
in  St.  Stephen's  Church,  New  York,  to 
Miss  Millicent  Evison. 

Barr-Baldwin— Rev.  A.  F.  Barr,  B.A. 
'96,  was  married  in  St.  James  .Cathe- 
dral, Toronto,  October,  1902,  to  Miss 
E.  M.  Baldwin. 

Kennedy-Seals — On  October  24th,  L. 
T.  Kennedy,  L.D.S.,  D.D.S.  '00,  of 
Arthur,  Ont.,  was  married  to  Miss  I. 
L.  Seals,  of  Toronto. 

Webb-Smith— At  Chatham,  Ont.,  re- 
cently, R.  F.  Webb,  M.B.  '97,  of  Grand 
Rapids,  Mich.,  was  married  to  Miss 
E.  H.  Smith. 

Alexander-Laird — On  October  16th, 
at  Norval,  Ont.,  W.  H.  Alexander, 
M.D.  '94,  of  238  Carlton  Street,  To- 
ronto, to  Miss  Edith  Laird,  of  Toronto. 

Denholm-McGregoi-  —  At  Blenheim, 
Ont.,  Nov.  5th,  J.  M.  Denholm,  former- 
ly of  the  class  of  '02.  to  Miss  Margaret 
McGregor. 


THE 

UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

VOL.  III.  JANUARY,  1903.  No.  4. 

TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 

PAGE  PAGE 

Journalism,    By  Archibald    MacMech-  Athletics -  114 

an,  B.A.,  Ph.D.         -         -         -        -95  Medical  Dinner      -         -         -         -  114 

Religious    L:fe    at     Varsity     in     My  Natural  Science  Association          -  116 

Time,  By  Francis  Huston   Wallace,  Conference  of  the   Knox   College 

M.A..D.D.         -  -  100  Alumni 117 

Public  Libraries  and  Fiction,  By   W.  Tennyson  Club       -         ...  118 

E.  Macphcrson,  B.A.         -         -         -  103  Alumni  in  New  York    -         -         -  118 

Emile   Zola,  By   J .    Home   Cameron,  Graduates  in  Arts,  1874         -         -  118 

M.A.           -        -        -        .         -         -  105  Graduates  in  Medicine,  1887-1892  120 

Torontonensia 113  Graduates  in  Arts,  Victoria,  1868  121 

L'Alliance  FranCaise    -  114         Personals 121 

Deaths 122 


JOURNALISM. 

ANOTHER   VIEW. 

BY  ARCHIBALD  MACMECHAN,  B.A.,  PH.D., 

Professor  of  English.  Dalhousie  College. 

T]  HE  article  on  "  Journalism,"  in  the  December  number  of  the 
MONTHLY,  presents  one  view  of  a  very  important  question. 
There  is  another,  however,  which  is  completely  ignored,  but  which 
certainly  merits  consideration.  This  I  wish  to  present,  however 
hurriedly  and  roughly. 

The  relation  of  college  training  to  the  bread-winning  practic 
of  life  is,  to  college  trained  men  and  women,  a  matter  of  life  and 
death.  The  relation  of  college  training  to  journalism  is  but 
one  part  or  section  of  the  larger  problem.  Journalism  is  but  one 
of  the  many  professions  which  the  college  graduate  may  enter,  and 
for  which  his  college  training  may  either  fit  or  unfit  him. 

The  problem  of  journalism  would  seem  to  be  two-fold;  first,  to 
gather  and  present  news;  and,  secondly,  to  comment  on  that  news, 
and  to  guide  and  form  public  opinion  on  matters  of  importance  to 
the  community. 

How  are  these  two  ends  to  be  attained?  News  is  first  to  be 
gathered.  This  is  done  by  means  of  actual  collectors  on  the  spot 
(reporters),  by  correspondence,  and  by  telegraphic  reports  trar*- 


96  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

mitted  and  distributed  through  great  co-operative  agencies.  The 
news  is  then  selected,  arranged  in  order  of  importance  ("given 
space  "),  in  accordance  with  the  judgment  and  discretion  of  the 
editor.  The  second  end  is  attained  either  by  a  single  editor,  assisted 
by  occasional  writers  from  the  outside,  or,  when  the  management 
is  sufficiently  rich  and  enlightened,  by  a  corps  of  editorial  writers 
retained  for  the  purpose. 

This  is,  of  course,  only  the  roughest  outline  of  the  kind  of  work 
the  college-trained  man  will  have  to  fit  himself  for.  In  Canada, 
with  the  ordinary  newspaper,  many  "items"  are  sent  in  (and  pub- 
lished) by  persons  who  have  an  interest  in  so  doing;  the  comment 
or  editorial  "  matter  "  is  nearly  always  the  work  of  one  man.  On  a 
morning  and  evening  paper  staff,  there  must  be  two  men.  It  is 
well  within  the  mark  to  say  that  the  majority  of  our  Canadian 
journalists  are  over-worked  and  under-paid.  They  have  much 
longer  hours  than  ,  the  members  of  trades-unions ;  they  work  at 
•continuous  high  pressure  no  day-laborer  would  submit  to.  No 
matter  what  happens,  what  the  weather,  or  the  reporter's  health, 
whether  workmen  strike,  or  linotype  machines  go  sick,  or  fire 
consumes,  the  paper  must  appear  at  a  set  hour  every  day,  and  every 
day  those  insatiable  columns  must  be  filled.  No  matter  how  the 
editorial  writer  feels,  dull  or  bright,  he  must  put  forth  his  quota 
of  comment  for  every  working  day. 

Can  any  college  training  fit  a  man  for  this  kind  of  life? 

I  would  say  at  once,  if  Mr.  Gadsby's  view  of  the  matter  is  cor- 
rect, no  college  training  worthy  of  the  name  could  ever  do  anything 
but  unfit  the  college-bred  man  for  journalism.  If  it  could  or  did 
fit  men  for  journalism,  the  sooner  such  a  college  could  be  abolished, 
the  better. 

Universities  were  founded  in  the  interests  of  religion.  Accord- 
ing to  Carlyle,  that  is  the  sole  reason  for  their  continued  exist- 
ence. In  other  words,  the  end  of  college  training  is  not  to  fit 
men  for  this  or  that  trade,  business  or  profession,  it  is  not  to  fill 
them  with  "  information."  It  is  to  develop  the  mind:  to  strengthen, 
and,  if  possible,  to  produce,  character. 

And  what  is  the  character  produced  by  college  training?  The 
watch-word  of  all  courses  and  studies  in  all  colleges  is,  Truth, 
"  truth,  no  matter  where  it  leads."  In  natural  science,  the  student 
is  persistently  trained  to  recognize  fact;  in  theorizing  he  must  be 
cautious,  but,  if  his  legitimate  deductions  from  observed  and 
verified  fact  shatter  old  systems  of  morals  or  belief,  so  much  the 
worse  for  the  old  systems.  In  philosophy,  it  is  the  same^thing. 
If  the  student  comes  to  doubt  the  Reality  of  Everything  outside  the 
Subject,  or  to  hold  lax  views  ,on  the  Ding-an-sich,  he  must  still 
follow  truth.  In  all  study  of  language,  he  is  taught  habits  of  pre- 


JOURNALISM.  97 

cision,,  to  respect  the  fact.  As  Jowett  told  his  students,  they  came 
to  translate  Plato,  not  to  theorize  about  him.  In  literature,  he  is 
taught  to  recognize  the  truth  and  beauty  .and  splendor  of  the 
human  mind  at  its  best,  in  the  great  monuments  of  the  race.  He 
learns  to  take  a  decent  pride  in.  himself  as  a  member  of  a  more  or 
less  distinguished  community  with  its  history,  achievements,  tradi- 
tions, the  pride  of  a  soldier  in  a  famous  regiment.  He  becomes 
increasingly  sensitive  as  to  the  credit  of  his  college,  and  as  to  his 
private  honor.  Four  years  of  this  discipline,  four  years  of  life  in  this 
atmosphere  often  "forms"  a  young  man,  gives  him  an  attitude 
of  mind  towards  life,  and  ideals  of  conduct  which  in  after  years, 
he  counts  more  precious  than  any  learning,  or  college  distinction, 
or  addition  to  his  income.  He  may  have  been  fortunate  enough  to 
have  come  under  the  influence  of  a  Newman  at  Oxford,  or  a 
Young  at  Toronto.  If  he  have,  he  never  can  be  the  same  as- before. 
He  knows  the  truth  of  Arnold's  praise: 

"  For  rigorous  teachers  seized  my  youth, 
And  purged  its  faith,  and  trimm'd  its  fire, 
Show'd  me  the  high  white  star  of  Truth, 
There  bade  me  gaze,  and  there  aspire." 

That  is  then  the  first  and  last  word  of  college  training, — Truth. 

Now,  the  journalist,  college-bred  or  other,  "must,"  according 
to  MJ.  Gadsby,  "excel  in  putting  a  half-truth  deftly,"  he  "must 
write  as  if  he  believed  what  he  said,"  "he  soon  learns  to  walk  on 
eggs  gracefully."  He  does  all  this  to  assist  his  newspaper  to 
"  flourish  by  virtue  of  an  adroit  and  insidious  partisanship."  The 
aim  is  success  and,  "The  success  of  the  newspaper  as  a  popular 
influence  is  in  direct  proportion  to  the  pitch  to  which  this  adroit- 
ness is  brought."  In  other  words,  the  college-bred  apprentice 
to  journalism  must  at  once  unlearn  the  method  he  has  taken  four 
years  to  acquire,  and  become  a  conscious  humbug.  His  college- 
training  will  be  nothing  but  a  mill-stone  round  his  neck.  He  might 
better  have  entered  the  profession  at  once  without  such  a  pro- 
longed, expensive  and  needless  waste  of  time. 

This  is  the  inviting  prospect  opened  to  the  graduate  after  four 
\ears  of  hard  work.  Tennyson  expressed  himself  once  on  the  sub- 
ject of  half-truths,  but  that  is  no  matter.  Even  a  Lord  Welter  dis- 
covered that  there  were  some  things  "no  fellow  could  do."  One 
would  think  there  was  such  a  thing  as  self-respect,  even  if  there  is 
no  difference  between  black  and  white,  and  that  there  was  some 
difference  between  the  point  of  view  of  the  college-bred  man  and 
the  penny-a-liner.  If  the  view  here  presented  of  college-training 
is  correct,  and  if  Mr.  Gadsby'a  view  of  journalism  is  right,  any 
college  graduate  would  sooner  break  stones  on  the  road  (like  "The 
Road-mender")  than  enter  such  a  "profession." 


98  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY. 

But  I  am  persuaded  that  Mr.  Gadsby  takes  a  partial  view  of  the 
matter.  I  believe  that  a  college  can  fit  a  man  for  journalism,  and 
that  a  college  graduate  can  enter  journalism  and  yet  preserve  some 
rags  of  self-respect.  Mr.  Gadsby  need  not  have  gone  outside 
Toronto  for  a  shining  example  of  a  newspaper  making  a  fortune  for 
its  owner  through  the  owner's  aptitude  for  business,  his  honesty, 
fearlessness  and  energy.  Educated  Canadians  are  sick  of 
"  editorialene."  People  are  apt  to  sneer  at  adherence  to  an  ortho- 
dox religious  creed,  but  the  editorial  adherence  to  a  shallow  poli- 
tical creed  is  ten  times  more  selfish,  disgusting,  inexcusable. 
.Lowell's  satire  is  not  yet  out  of  date.  Nine  out  of  ten  papers  seem 
to  have  given  up  all  pretence  of  honest  discussion,  or  of  forming 
public  opinion.  They  swear  by  the  Ins,  or  at  the  Outs;  or  the  other 
way  about.  Their  appeal  is  apparently  to  the  intelligence  of 
schoolboys,  who  think  abuse  is  argument.  Everyone  knows  before- 
hand precisely  what  most  editors  will  say  on  any  given  political 
or  public  question.  They  are  bound  hand  and  foot  to  certain 
opinions,  and  our  people  are  simply  aching  for  fair,  honest 
discussion  of  public  matters.  The  two  most  successful  papers 
in  Canada  (judging  not  by  number  of  columns,  or  "features," 
or  "special  issues,'*  but  by  bank  accounts),  became  so  not  by 
"adroit  and  insidious  partisanship,"  but  by  business  ability, 
joined  to  independence  in  the  editorial  columns.  Honesty, 
character,  fearlessness  will  make  a  paper  a  "  success,"  will  pay 
dividends.  "  Adroit  and  insidious  partisanship,"  as  a  matter  of  fact, 
has  not  done  so,  and  does  not  deserve  to. 

The  college  cannot  make  a  journalist  any  more  than  it  can  make 
a  poet  or  an  artist.  The  natural  endowment,  the  "news  sense," 
is  the  prime  necessity.  That  given,  the  college  can  train.  The 
best  modern  instance  of  the  college-trained  journalist  is  the 
lamented  Steevens.  An  Oxford  man,  with  an  eye  and  a  style,  he 
merits  the  most  careful  consideration  of  all  college  men  looking 
forward  to  journalism  as  a  profession.  The  journalist  should  be 
trained  by  the  broadest  "culture  courses"  possible.,  for  in 
his  business  he  must  take  cognizance  of  every  kind  of 
fact.  His  training  to  observe,  to  recognize  fact,  cannot  be  too 
thorough  and  severe.  He  should  have  laboratory  courses  in  natural 
science;  he  should  have  exact  if  not  wide  training  in  one  classic 
language,  Latin,  for  choice  ;  he  should  have  a  broad  knowledge  of 
history,  of  political  economy,  of  philosophy.  He  should,  if  pos- 
sible, also  know  French  and  German,  and,  above  all,  he  should  be 
"  well  seen  "  in  English.  Here  his  training  cannot  be  too  deep  or 
wide.  And  he  will  be  fitted  specially  for  his  life  work  if  his  col- 
lege provides  ample  "  laboratory  "  courses  in  the  writing  of  English. 


JOURNALISM.  99 

If  he  can,  during  his  college  course,  establish  that  ready  sympathy 
between  the  thinking  brain  and  the  executing  hand,  he  will  find  his 
initiation  into  journalism  much  less  laborious. 

Such  a  training  should  fit  the  graduate  to  observe,  sift  and  pre- 
sent fact.  Mr.  Gadsby  disparages  English  newspapers.  One  of 
the  refreshing  things  to  me  is  to  contrast  a  report  in  "  The  Weekly 
Times,"  for  instance,  with  one  in  the  "  Journal "  ("  Joynal "), 
which  seems  to  be  Mr.  Gadsby's  model.  In  the  American  paper 
_you  find  a  hint  of  fact  in  the  screeching  "scare-heads,"  in  the 
column  below,  the  minimum  of  fact  with  the  maximum  of  "  color- 
ing," generally  hysterical.  You  look  in  vain  for  definite,  addi- 
tional, or  pertinent  fact,  some  clear  image  of  the  actual  event. 
The  report  is  generally  no  more  than  the  vague,  emotional 
expansion  of  the  original  fact,  in  professional  phrase,  "flub."  In 
the  English  paper,  there  is  something  for  the  mind  to  take  hold 
of,  honest,  definite,  concrete  fact,  and  no  attempt  to  excite  the 
reader  into  a  series  of  gasps  or  shrieks.  The  head-line  tells  you 
what  to  expect;  the  report  contains  the  details.  And  if  there  is 
-a  vain  thing  in  this  world,  it  is  the  ordinary  journalistic 
"humor."  One  would  like  to  know  who  finds  it  "entertaining." 
It  is  the  same  thing  in  the  comment  as  in  the  presentation  of  news. 
The  English  papers  aim  at  fairness  of  tone,  justice  to  opponents, 
honesty  of  discussion.  In  Canada,  we  are  altogether  too  fond  of 
American  methods.  It  is  a  pity,  if  we  must  be  copyists,  that  we 
do  not  copy  the  best,  that  we  tamely  follow  the  lead  of  the 
"Joynal,"  and  not  of  the  "Post"  and  "Nation."  Every  college 
man  who  intends  to  enter  journalism  should  give  his  days  and 
nights  to  the  study  of  the  "Post,"  both  for  its  clear,  sane,  con- 
vincing presentation  of  news,  and  breadth  and  general  fairness  in 
comment  and  discussion. 

College  training  ought  to  make  an  alert,  broad  and  fair-minded 
man,  able  to  see  clearly,  and  to  argue  temperately.  It  ought  also 
to  give  him  the  ability  to  grapple  with  unfamiliar  subjects,  to  get 
up  his  brief  for  cases  that  are  new.  He  must  begin  at  the  bottom 
of  the  ladder  of  course,  he  must  serve  his  apprenticeship  and  learn 
the  business  in  all  its  branches.  If  he  is  willing  to  do  this,  if  he 
possesses  the  natural  tastes  and  aptitudes,  the  future  of  the  col- 
lege graduate  in  journalism  ought  to  be  immense.  Here,  as  else- 
where, the  victory  must  go  to  trained  intelligence  over  untrained, 
to  skilled  labor  over  unskilled,  to  honesty  over  dishonesty:  and 
journalism  will,  in  consequence,  improve  in  tone,  will  appeal  to 
intelligent  men  and  women,  and  will  exert  an  increasingly  greater 
influence  as  the  community  grows  wiser  and  education  slowly 
broadens  down. 


100  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

RELIGIOUS  LIFE  AT  VARSITY  IN  MY  TIME. 

t  BY  FRANCIS  HUSTON  WALLACE,  M.A.,  D.D., 

Dean  of  the  Faculty  of  Theology,  Victoria     University. 

WHEN  asked  to  write  on  this  subject,  I  gladly  consented.. 
Nevertheless,  I  felt  then,  and  I  feel  still  more  now,  in 
writing,  that  I  must  crave  the  kind  indulgence  of  my  readers  in  one 
regard.  This  brief  narrative  will  seem  unduly  personal  if  not 
egotistic.  But  the  facts  compel  considerable  personal  reference, 
for,  in  the  good  providence  of  God,  it  was  my  duty  and  honor  to- 
have  much  to  do  with  the  events  which  I  am  requested  to  narrate-^ 
"  quorum  pars  magna  fui" 

When  I  entered  University  College,  in  1869,  there  was  no- 
organized  manifestation  of  the  religious  life  of  the  students.  When 
I  graduated,  in  1873,  there  was  a  fully  organized  Young  Men's 
Christian  Association,  in  active  operation.  To  have  been  permitted 
to  have  a  share  in  producing  this  result  has  been  ever  since  a  mat- 
ter of  profound  thankfulness  to  me,  for  I  am  convinced  that  such 
an  organization,  well  managed,  is  one  of  the  essential  agencies  of 
a  well  equipped  modern  college.  I  write  now  in  the  hope  that 
an  account  of  the  origin  of  University  College  Y.  Mj.  C.  A.  may 
interest  and  encourage  those  who  are  at  the  present  time  earnestly 
and  efficiently  carrying  on  its  work,  and  may  also  recall  happy 
memories  of  the  past  in  some  of  the  men  of  that  earlier  day. 

It  would  not  be  legitimate  to  conclude  that,  in  the  absence  of 
such  organized  religious  effort,  University  College  was  a  "god- 
less "  institution.  The  Christian  religion  was  formally  recognized 
in  the  daily  reading  of  that  brief  but  beautiful  form  of  prayers 
which,  I  believe,  continues  to  be  used.  Usually  it  was  Mr.  Van 
der  Smissen  who  read  prayers  in  the  lecture  room  at  the  south-east 
corner  of  the  building,  in  the  presence  of  a  small  group  of  students, 
who  followed  reverently  these  appropriate  petitions. 

"O  Lord  God,  the  fountain  of  Light  and  Truth,  from  whom  cometh  every 
good  gift  unto  man,  and  from  whom  are  derived  all  our  powers  and  faculties, 
bless,  we  beseech  Thee,  our  labours  and  studies  in  this  College.  Preserve  us 
from  indolence,  carelessness,  and  self-conceit ;  vouchsafe  unto  us  diligence, 
patience,  and  a  love  of  truth  ;  and  grant  both  to  those  who  teach  and  those 
who  learn,  that,  whilst  engaged  in  the  discharge  of  the  duties  of  Time,  they 
may  ever  be  mindful  of  the  more  important  interests  of  Eternity  ;  and  that 
through  Thy  Gracfc  they  may  so  order  their  thoughts,  words,  and  actions,  as  to 
aim  not  merely  at  the  welfare  of  themselves  and  their  fellow-creatures,  but 
also  at  Thy  honour  and  glory.  And  this  we  humbly  pray  in  the  name  and  for 
the  sake  of  Thy  Son,  our  Saviour  Jesus  Christ."  Then  followed  the  Lord's 
Prayer. and  the  Benediction. 

The  moral  life  of  the  College  was  at  least  fairly  good,  not  un- 
worthy to  be  compared  with  that  of  other  Colleges  in  the  country,, 
though  without  the  direct  religious  influences  which  they  enjoyed.. 


RELIGIOUS  LIFE  AT  VARSITY.  101 

But  in  1871  the  feeling  became  strong  among  a  large  number 
of  the  students  that  we  should  be  the  better  for  a  fuller  and  more 
direct  recognition  of  religion  on  our  own  part,  and  a  voluntary 
organization  which  should  manifest  and  develop  Christian  life 
and  train  us  for  Christian  service. 

During  the  summer  vacation  of  1871,  a  pamphlet  had  been  put 
into  my  hand  by  my  father,  the  late  Rev.  Robert  Wallace,  con- 
taining an  account  of  religious  work  in  some  American  Colleges. 
This  account  deeply  interested  me,  and  the  conviction  was  forced 
upon  me  that  something  similar  should  be  attempted  in  University 
College,  and  also  that  it  was  my  duty  to  make  the  attempt.  From 
this  duty  I  shrank  back  with  almost  morbid  dread.  But  a  veritable 
"  woe  is  me  if  I  do  not  this  thing,"  became  the  burden  of  my  heart. 

So  when  College  opened,  October,  1871, 1  sought  out  a  few  men 
in  whom  I  expected  to  find  some  sympathy  in  such  an  enterprise, 
and  talked  the  matter  over  with  them.  My  principal  helper  was 
the  late  J.  C.  Yule,  afterwards  professor  in  the  Baptist  College, 
"Woodstock.  We  two  drew  up  a  brief  petition  to  the  College  Council, 
asking  for  the  use  of  a  room  in  the  College  building  for  a  Satur- 
day afternoon  prayer  meeting  among  students.  To  this  petition 
we  secured  a  considerable  number  of  signatures.  Indeed,  we  were 
treated  with  unexpected  consideration  by  all  to  whom  we  went, 
and  found  far  less  hostility  to  our  project  than  we  had  anticipated. 
It  may  not  be  without  interest  to  some  who  read  this  paper  to  be 
reminded  of  the  part  they  played  in  this  history  by  seeing  their 
names  among  those  which  were  attached  to  the  petition.  I  have 
no  copy  of  the  petition,  but  I  find  in  an  old  note-book  the  follow- 
ing list  of  names  signed: — F.  H.  Wallace,  Albert  Aikins,  John 
Craig,  J.  C.  Yule,  F.  Ballantyne,  John  Fletcher,  F.  A.  Clarkson, 
J.  B.  Rankin,  J.  Gerrie,  Geo.  E.  Shaw,  A.  Dawson,  J.  S.  Stewart, 
J.  P.  Craig,  J.  Crerar,  C.  Fletcher,  W.  Hodgins,  H.  McPhayden, 
W.  J.  Robertson,  A.  Crawford,  A.  H.  Putnam,  E.  W.  Dadson,  A. 
M.  Turnbull,  W.  Houston,  A.  M.  Hamilton,  T.  Fox,  W.  C.  Troy, 
A.  McDiarmid,  J.  J.  Magee,  A.  B.  Aylesworth,  S.  J.  McKee, 
D.  A.  McMichael,  T.  S.  T.  Smellie,  W.  Amos,  J.  R.  Wightman, 
A.  M.  McClelland,  S.  C.  Biggs,  J.  B.  Lesslie,_A.  C.  Gait. 

Armed  with  this  petition,  Yule  and  I  interviewed  the  President 
of  the  College,  the  witty  and  genial  Dr.  McCaul.  Our  reception 
was  very  kind,  though  our  mission  rather  startled  the  doctor. 
He  expressed  sympathy  with  everything  religious,  but  at  the  same 
time  a  fear  lest,  by  any  chance,  the  introduction  of  such  religious 
work  into  the  College  might  lead  to  some  denominational  friction 
among  the  students,  and  mar  the  peace  which  was  then  reigning 
in  the  affairs  of  the  University,  after  many  periods  of  trouble  and 
strife.  However,  he  assured  us  that  he  would  present  our  petition 


102  UNIVERSITY   OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY. 

4,0  the  Council  and  do  all  for  us  that  he  found  possible  and  prudent. 
This  was  the  last  that  we  heard  of  our  petition  for  several  months. 
We  were  told  afterwards  that  the  Council  found  considerable  diffi- 
culty in  coming  to  a  decision.  -Whether  any  members  of  the  Coun- 
cil were  opposed  to  the  proposal  on  its  merits,  I  am  not  aware,  but 
.any  one  who  knows  the  history  of  the  University  of  Toronto  can 
thoroughly  appreciate  the  hesitation  through  fear  of  arousing  any 
manner  of  religious  disagreement. 

But  we  had  many  friends  of  our  movement  in  the  Council, 
among  whom  Dr.  Daniel  Wilson  should  be  specially  named,  and 
the  innovation  was  finally  sanctioned.  We  were  permitted  the  use 
of  the  Reading  Room,  in  the  west  wing  of  the  building,  and  there, 
one  Saturday  afternoon  in  January,  1872,  we  held  our  first  Uni- 
versity College  students'  prayer  meeting.  Our  organization  was 
very  simple,  merely  a  small  committee  to  make  arrangements  for 
our  weekly  service.  The  attendance  was  and  continued  to  be  very 
good,  in  proportion  to  the  total  attendance  at  College  in  those  days 
of  small  things.  The  very  best  of  good  feeling  prevailed  between 
the  students  of  different  churches,  Baptist,  Congregationalist, 
Anglican,  Methodist,  Presbyterian.  There  never  was  a  Cripple  of 
jealousy  or  controversy  to  disturb  our  peace.  Our  services  were 
simple  and  hearty  and  very  helpful.  One  student  presided  at  each 
meeting,  and  gave  a  brief  address  on  some  suitable  subject.  There 
were  hymns  and  prayers,  expositions  and  testimonies,  in  the  now 
familiar  Y.  JVL  C.  A.  manner.  I  am  confident  that  those  who  at- 
tended the  meetings  from,  week  to  week  will  never  forget  the  de- 
lightful fraternity  which  characterized  them  or  the  spiritual  bene- 
fit which  we  derived  from  them. 

It  was  to  be  expected  that  there  would  be  some  hostility  to  such 
an  innovation  in  College  life  on  the  part  of  some  of  the  students. 
Some  talked  of  "cant"  and  "hypocrisy;"  one  suggested  "tar  and 
feathers;"  once  or  twice  some  wags  burst  open  our  door  while  we 
were  at  prayer  and  threw  a  dog  into  the  room.  But,  after  all,  we 
had  very  little  to  complain  of.  Those  who  did  not  like  our  ways 
usually  simply  let  us  alone.  For  one,  I  have  always  looked  back 
with  thankfulness  for  the  really  considerate,  good-natured,  gentle- 
manly treatment  we  received. 

So  our  work  went  on  quietly  and  successfully  for  about  a  year. 
At  last,  in  1873,  we  who  were  soon  to  graduate  felt  it  wise  to  thor- 
oughly organize  the  work  before  we  left  College,  in  order  to  ensure 
its  permanence.  We  determined  to  connect  ourselves  with  the 
great  iY.  M.  C.  A.  movement.  A  committee  formulated  a  con- 
stitution, which  was  submitted  to  the  College  Council  and  approved. 
The  first  rough  draft  of  this  constitution,  in  pencil,  lies  before  me 
as  I  write,  and  also  the  printed  folder  containing  the  constitution 


RELIGIOUS  LIFE  AT  VARSITY.  103 

as  adopted,  and  the  announcement  of  the  meetings.  These  little 
mementoes  of  many  happy  days  and  associations  are  cherished 
-among  my  treasures.  The  College  coat  of  arms  is  displayed  on  the 
front  of  the  folder,  indicating  our  recognized  status.  The  back 
contains  the  following  announcement : 

Our 

Weekly  Prayer  Meeting 

is  held  on 
Saturday,  at  3  p.m., 

in  the 

West  Wing  Reading  Room. 
All  are  Heartily  Invited." 

We  elected  J.  A.  M.  Aikins  first  president  of  the  Association. 
The  other  officers  I  do  not  recall.  And  then  the  fo'unders  and 
first  members  of  University  College  Y.  M.  C.  A.  passed  out  of 
College  halls,  confident  that  the  Association  was  permanently 
established  on  a  wise  foundation,  to  abide  henceforth,  by  the  bless- 
ing of  God,  a  centre  of  religious  life  and  a  source  of  wholesome 
influence  in  our  Alma  Mater. 


PUBLIC  LIBRARIES  AXD  FICTION. 

BY  W.  E.  MACPHERSON,  B.A. 

^rTlHE  circulating  libraries  to  which  readers  flock  for  novels  are 
-I-  intellectual  saloons.  The  consequence  will  probably  be  loss 
of  hold  on  the  realities  of  life,  confusion  of  the  moral  standard,  dis- 
taste for  unromantic  duties."  This  is  the  warning  given  by  By- 
stander in  a  late  issue  of  the  Weekly  Sun.  Those  who  are  familiar 
with  the  work  of  public  libraries  in  the  towns  and  villages  of  this 
Province  will  admit  that  they  may  be  properly  described  as  cir- 
culating libraries  to  which  readers  flock  for  novels.  Probably  60 
per  cent,  of  the  books  in  these  libraries  are  works  of  fiction,  and 
if  correct  statistics  of  issue  were  available,  it  would  probably  be 
found  that  90  per  cent,  of  the  books  issued  were  of  this  class. 

There  is,  it  is  true,  a  provision  in  the  regulation  of  the  govern- 
ment that  public  libraries  receiving  government  aid  shall  not  buy 
more  than  20  per  cent,  of  novels  if  they  wish  to  secure  the  full 
government  grant.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  book  committees,  in  buy- 
ing, need  pay  no  attention  whatever  to  this  regulation,  and  they 
live  up  to  their  privileges.  A  glance  at  the  classification  adopted 
by  the  inspector  otf  public  libraries  will  show  how  this  is  done. 
Before  the  government  grant  is  apportioned,  all  public  libraries  are 
required  to  send  with  their  annual  reports  the  invoices  of  all 


104  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY. 

books  bought  during  the  year.  These  invoices  are  made  out  by  the 
publishing  companies  on  printed  forms  supplied  by  the  government,, 
with  spaces  for  classifying  the  books,  so  that  the  inspector  in  ex- 
amining them  may  tell  at  a  glance  whether  the  library  committee 
have  bought  more  than  the  proper  proportion  of  fiction.  At  the 
head  of  this  invoice  form  are  some  notes  on  classification — wonder- 
fully ingenious: 

"  History  includes  Historical  Romances. 

"Literature  includes  Moral  Tales,  Essays,  Romances,  Temper- 
ance and  Juvenile  Literature. 

"Miscellaneous  includes  only  Anecdotes  and  Short  Stories,. 
Detective  Stories,  Fairy  Tales,  Fables,  etc." 

The  italics  are  not  on  the  invoice,  but  that  was  probably  an  over- 
sight. 

Some  of  these  invoices  are  before  me,  all  bearing  the  approving 
stamp  of  the  inspector  of  public  libraries.  In  one  small  invoice 
of  eleven  books,  ten  of  which  are  novels,  the  enterprising  publisher, 
finding  it  monotonous  to  put  them  all  in  the  '  miscellaneous ' 
column,  varies  it  by  classifying  '  Jane  Eyre'  and  'Pere  Goriot'  as- 
poetry.  Only  two  out  of  the  eleven  are  classified  as  fiction.  In 
all  the  invoices  Henty's  books  for  boys,  a  formidable  list,  are 
'  History.'  Marie  Corelli's  novels  are  '  Literature,'  probably  under 
the  sub-section  'Moral  tales.'  Gilbert  Parker's  'Right  of  Way,'  i& 
'Literature.'  So  also  are  'Cynthia's  Bonnet  Shop,'  'The  Gilded 
Age,'  '  St.  Elmo,'  and  Crockett's  '  Silver  Skull.'  Under  '  History ' 
we  find  'Rupert,  by  the  Grace  of  God,'  and  '  The  Isle  of  Unrest.' 
Alfred  Austin's  'English  Lyrics'  is  classified  as  poetry,  but  this, 
perhaps,  may  be  overlooked.  Queen  Victoria's  'Leaves  from  a 
Journal  of  Life  in  the  Highlands,'  comes  under  '  Voyages.'  These 
are  merely  a  few  illustrations  from  a  multitude  that  might  be  cited. 
It  would  not  be  fair  to  blame  the  booksellers  for  these  classifica- 
tions. They  are  busy  men  and  they  know  that  it  doesn't  make 
much  difference  anyway.  Nor  would  it  be  fair  to  leave  it  to  be 
inferred  that  all  public  libraries  indulged  in  an  equal  amount  of 
fiction.  In  many  towns,  and,  I  believe,  in  all  the  cities,  care  and 
good  judgment  are  shown  in  the  selection  of  books.  But  on  the 
whole  there  is  little  reason  to  doubt  that  our  public  libraries  are  at 
present  bureaus  of  amusement,  not  centres  of  culture,  and  that 
much  of  this  amusement  is  harmful. 

Many  works  of  fiction  are  inspiring  and  instructive.  No  one  who 
has  done  an  honest  day's  work  need  regret  the  evening  spent  over 
the  pages  of  Van  Dyke's  '  The  Ruling  Passion/  or  Mrs.  Wharton's 
'The  Greater  Inclination.'  But  the  percentage  of  modern  fiction 
that  reaches  to  these  standards  is  very  small,  and  Bystander's 
warning  is  timely. 


PUBLIC  LIBRARIES  AND  FICTION.  105 

Perhaps  it  would  be  well  for  the  government  to  raise  the  present 
percentage  of  works  of  fiction,  and  then  see  that  some  effort  was 
made  to  enforce  the  regulation.  Much  good  may  be  done  by  the 
Ontario  Library  Association,  which  intends  issuing  from  time  to 
time  lists  of  suitable  books  as  suggestions  to  book  committees. 

The  movement  towards  making  all  public  libraries  free  is  in  the 
right  direction.  So  long  as  library  funds  depend  on  members'  sub- 
scriptions to  any  considerable  extent,  the  committee,  in  buying,  is 
forced  to  cater  to  the  taste  of  the  public;  the  great  public  doesn't 
feel  that  it  wants  instruction  so  much  as  it  feels  that  it  wants  amuse- 
ment. But,  after  all,  the  solution  of  the  question  lies  in  the  selec- 
tion of  proper  men  for  the  book  committees.  Here,  perhaps,  is  an 
opportunity  for  University  men,  who  may  justly  be  supposed  to 
have  some  literary  judgment,  to  do  good  without  the  hope  of  remun- 
eration. The  country  has  subscribed  generously  to  their  education, 
and,  in  common  gratitude,  no  chance  of  repaying  the  debt  should 
be  overlooked. 


EMILE  ZOLA. 

BY  J.  HOME  CAMERON,  M.A. 

Lecturer  in  French,  University  College. 

THE  story  of  the  life  of  Zola,  which  came  to  an  end  so  terribly 
on  the  28th  of  last  September,  is  a  very  simple  one. 

The  son  of  an  Italian  civil  engineer  and  a  French  mother,  Zola 
was  born  in  Paris  on  the  2nd  of  April,  1840.  When  he  was  in  his 
seventh  year,  his  father  died  suddenly,  leaving  scarcely  anything 
for  the  support  of  his  wife  and  son.  In  a  few  years  they  reached 
the  end  of  their  slender  resources,  and  at  a  very  critical  time. 
The  boy  had  twice  failed  to  obtain  his  bachelor's  degree,  without 
which  he  could  not  be  admitted  to  the  Civil  Service,  to  higher 
institutions  of  learning  like  the  Sorbonne,  or  to  the  professional 
schools;  and  the  struggle  had  to  be  given  up.  Here,  at  the  age  of 
twenty,  Zola  ends  his  school-days,  and  the  effect  of  this  interrup- 
tion of  his  studies  is  quite  apparent  in  his  literary  opinions  and 
work.  His  critical  sense  is  conspicuously  weak,  but  it  might  have 
been  strengthened  by  a  longer  study  of  the  languages,  which,  natur- 
ally enough,  were  his  especial  dislike. 

After  two  years  of  such  destitution  as  falls  to  the  lot  of  few  men, 
Zola  obtained  a  modest  place  in  the  publishing  house  of  Hachette 
and  Company,  and  his  subsistence  was  secure.  At  the  end  of  four 
years  more  (he  was  then  twenty-six),  he  gave  up  his  position  and 
resolved  to  live  by  his  pen.  He  had  already  published  two  volumes 
of  fiction,  and  while  he  was  slowly  preparing  his  next  novel,  he 


106  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

supported  himself  by  writing  for  the  daily  and  weekly  journals 
several  series  of  articles,  among  others  those  on  the  Salon  of  1866r 
which,  by  the  storm  of  indignation  they  raised,  mark  the  beginning 
of  Zola's  thirty-six  years  of  hostility  to  the  conventions. 

The  next  year,  1867,  is  distinguished  by  the  publication  of 
"  Therese  Raquin,"  which  is  the  first  strong  example  of  what  Zola 
was  the  first  to  name  the  roman  naturaliste.  From  this  point,  and 
especially  after  1870,  he  continued  to  produce  his  novels  with  sys- 
tematic regularity  till  his  life  ended. 

The  collected  works  of  Zola,  as  now  published  in  their  final  form, 
contain  thirty-three  novels  and  two  volumes  of  short  stories,  eight 
volumes  of  criticism  and  three  plays.  The  plays  have  little  merit, 
and  were  not  successful  on  the  stage.  The  volumes  of  criticism, 
made  up  of  articles  contributed  to  the  press  at  different  times  from 
1866  to  189 6,  owe  their  interest  not  so  much  to  their  literary  value 
as  to  their  strong  note  personnel,  their  polemical  temerity,  the 
positiveness  and  sometimes  the  violence  of  their  expression,  and 
their  importance  as  the  manifesto  of  the  "  naturaliste  "  literature — 
a  new  adjective  which  Zola  was  the  first  to  use  in  this  acceptation. 

The  novels  fall  into  four  groups: — 1°  the  early  ones,  of  which 
only  "Therese  Raquin"  (1867)  is  important;  2°  the  celebrated 
Rougon-Macquart  series  of  twenty  volumes  (1871-1893);  3°  that  of 
"  The  Three  Cities"  (1894-1898);  4°  the  unfinished  series  of  "The 
Four  Gospels"  (1899-1902). 

It  is  by  the  second  group  that  Zola  will  be  remembered  longest, 
and  by  it  he  will  stand  or  fall ;  for  whatever  of  error  or  of  bad  art 
they  contain — and  they  are  not  wanting  in  either — they  have  the 
merit  of  great  originality,  and  even  a  certain  grandeur.  There  is  a 
vastness  in  the  very  conception  of  the  story,  which  purposes  to 
relate  in  many  volumes  the  deeds  of  one  family  group  containing 
three  persons  and  their  twenty-five  descendants,  profoundly  dis- 
similar, to  all  appearance,  but  in  reality  intimately  bound  together 
by  the  laws  of  heredity.  "L'heredite  a  ses  lois  comme  la  pesan- 
teur."  Now,  to  show  the  effects  of  heredity  combined  with  and 
modified  by  environment  (le  milieu),  Zola  supposes  the  family  which 
is  to  form  the  corpus  vile  of  his  demonstration,  to  be  well  marked 
by  "  une  premiere  le*sion  organique,"  from  which  proceeds,  through 
the  vicissitudes  of  descent,  a  line  of  more  or  less  degenerate  or 
depraved  persons,  who  are  characterised  by  "le  debordement  des 
appetits,  le  large  soulevement  de  notre  age,  qui  se  roue  aux 
jouissances."  And  his  task  is  to  discover  and  follow,  by  solving  the 
double  problem  of  temperament  and  environment,  "the  thread 
which  leads  mathematically  from  one  man  to  another."  When  this 
has  been  done  throughout  the  twenty  years  (1851  to  1871)  for 
which  he  will  follow  the  family  history,  he  will  have  completed  his 


EMILE  ZOLA.  101 

"Natural   and   Social   History   of  a   Family  under  the   Second 
Empire." 

This  family  consists  primarily  of  two  branches  springing  from 
one  common  female  ancestor,  known  as  Tante  Dide,  from  whose 
union  first  with  the  heavy  and  placid  Rougon,  and  subsequently 
with  the  ill-balanced  and  drunken  Macquart,  were  born  three 
children,  who  in  turn  become  the  heads  of  three  different  lines  of 
progeny.  As  the  hereditary  taint  of  the  lineage  is  evidenced  by 
the  fact  that  Tante  Dide  is  a  neurotic  subject  who  spends  her  last 
years  in  an  insane  asylum,  the  "  organic  lesion "  seems  amply 
secured.  The  twenty-five  descendants  of  Rougon  and  Macquart  are 
followed  down  for  twenty  years,  in  a  series  of  narratives,  each  of 
which,  while  centered  round  a  few  of  these  main  figures,  introduces 
a  large  number  of  subsidiary  characters — the  twenty  volumes  con- 
taining something  like  a  thousand  in  all. 

A  striking  proof  of  the  seriousness  with  which  Zola  regarded  this 
laborious  task,  is  the  remarkable  genealogical  tree  which  he  in- 
serted in  the  eighth  volume  of  the  series,  and  repeated  in  the  last. 
This  document  presents  in  a  tabulated  form  the  salient  facts  in  the 
life  of  each  of  the  twenty-eight  persons,  and  states  the  precise 
"  scientific  "  hereditary  relation  subsisting  between  each  person  and 
his  progenitors: — There  is  either  "heredite  "  or  "inneite;"  heredity 
is  direct,  indirect,  revertive  (or  atavistic),  or  that  of  previous  in- 
fluence. Direct  heredity  presents  either  election  of  father  or 
mother,  or  the  union  of  these  elements  by  way  of  welding,  dissemin- 
ation or  fusion.  One  cannot  help  suspecting  that  this  nomenclature, 
and  much  else,  is  borrowed  from  certain  serious  treatises  known  to 
the  criminologist  and  anthropologist.  But  Zola  is  convinced  of  the 
truth  of  these  things,  and  the  words  which  he  puts  into  the  mouth 
of  Dr.  Pascal  Rougon,  who  has  elaborated  the  tree,  are  really  his 
own:  "ISPest-ce  pas  beau,  un  pareil  ensemble,  un  document  si  de- 
finitif  et  si  total,  ou  il  n'y  a  pas  un  trou?  On  dirait  une  experience 
de  cabinet,  un  probleme  pose  et  resolu  au  tableau  noir." 

The  scene  of  the  first  volume  is  the  ancestral  habitat  of  the 
Rougon-Macquart  family,  near  Marseilles,  in  the  town  of  Aix, 
where  Zola  spent  his  childhood  and  youth;  and  after  the  lapse  of 
twenty  years  the  narrative  brings  us  back  again  to  the  same  spot. 
In  the  interval,  each  volume  introduces  us  to  a  new  milieu,  in 
which  the  hereditary  forces  are  at  work.  At  one  moment  it  is  the 
rich  society  of  the  Second  Empire  (in  "La  Curee");  now  it  is  the 
populace  of  Paris  grouped  about  the  reeking  and  malodorous  cen- 
tral markets  ("  Le  Ventre  de  Paris  ") ;  and  again,  lower  down,  the 
people  of  the  artisan  classes  ("  L'Assommoir  ") ;  and  so  to  the  cor- 
rupt bourgeoisie,  the  world  of  the  "  department  store,"  the  proletari- 
ate of  the  coal-mine?  ("  Germinal "),  the  brutal  peasant,  the  person- 


108  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

.nel  of  the  railways,  the  world  of  finance  and  speculation,  and  finally 
the  national  disaster  at  Sedan  ("  La  Debacle  "),  upon  which  follows 
the  summing  up  of  the  whole  story  in  "  Le  docteur  Pascal "  (more 
especially  in  Chap.  V.),  which  once  more  proclaims  the  importance 
of  heredity,  and  celebrates  the  triumph  of  the  "  scientific  "  method. 

While  the  Rougon-Macquart  series  is  the  great  work  of  Zola,  the 
six  novels  which  follow  it  deserve  some  notice.  The  three  volumes 
"  Lourdes,"  "  Rome,"  "  Paris,"  represent  so  many  stages  in  the 
spiritual  and  moral  emancipation  of  the  priest,  Pierre  Froment. 
Finding  his  humanitarian  and  socialistic  aspirations  unappreciated, 
and  his  book  condemned  by  the  Congregation  of  the  Index,  he  with- 
draws from  the  Church,  in  whose  dogmas  he  has  ceased  to  believe, 
and  addresses  himself  to  one  of  those  wholesome  handicrafts  to 
which  the  heroes  of  Zola's  romances  are  sometimes  addicted.  It  is, 
furthermore,  the  four  sons  of  Pierre, — bearing  the  names  of 'the 
four  Evangelists — who  form  the  central  characters  of  the  series  of 
the  "Four  Gospels ":— " Fecondite,"  "Travail,"  "Verite,"  "Jus- 
tice/"' the  last  of  which  remains  almost  untouched. 

In  the  long  chain  of  Zola's  works,  there  are  few  which  are  not 
stained  by  some  sort  of  impurity,  if  not  in  the  intention  at  least 
in  the  execution.  Even  those  "  idyllic "  volumes  which  he  has 
intercalated  here  and  there,  like  flowery  islands  among  noisome 
fens,  lay  too  much  stress  upon  the  grosser  appetites.  It  would 
seem,  indeed,  as  if  Zola's  Rabelaisian  temperament,  unrestrained  by 
a  refined  taste,  has  given  to  his  literary  work,  from  the  very  be- 
ginning of  his  career,  a  decided  penchant  for  the  erotic  and  the 
salacious.  One  sometimes  wonders  whether  there  may  not  be  a 
grain  of  truth  in  ISTordau's  literary  diagnosis  of  his  case. 

But  it  would  be  unfair  to  dismiss  the  whole  unsavory  question, 
as  one  is  tempted  to  do,  by  calling  Zola  prurient,  pornographic  or 
licentious.  Whatever  there  may  be  of  pathological  in  this  singular 
personage,  and  whatever  may  be  the  errors  in  his  philosophy  of  life 
and  his  views  of  art,  there  can  be  no  doubt  in  the  mind  of  any  one 
who  has  read  carefully  his  articles,  or  even  certain  of  his  novels, 
that  he  is  thoroughly  in  earnest,  and  means  well.  He  has  expressly 
said,  "  My  novels  have  always  been  written  with  a  higher  aim  than 
merely  to  amuse.  ...  I  have,  to  my  thinking,  certain  contri- 
butions to  make  to  the  thought  of  the  world  on  certain  subjects, 
and  I  have  chosen  the  novel  as  the  best  means  of  communicating 
these  contributions  to  the  world."  To  what  degree  sincerity  has 
governed  Zola's  action  was  evident  enough  during  the  crisis  in 
public  affairs  in  the  years  1898  and  1899.  Some  may  regard  him  as 
having  been  wrong  on  that  occasion,  or  if  not  wrong,  he  may  be 
considered,  in  view  of  the  partial  failure  of  his  attempt,  to  have 


EMILE  ZOLA.  109  ' 

been  at  least  unwise ;  but  his  sincerity  and  singleness  of  aim  no  one 
can  call  in  question. 

How  then  are  we  to  account  for  the  regrettable  character  of  so 
much  of  what  he  has  written?  The  explanation  must  lie  in  his 
views  of  human  nature,  and  of  the  medium  he  has  chosen  for 
making  his  "  contributions  to  the  thought  of  the  world;"  and  some- 
what, no  doubt,  in  his  neuropathic  condition,  which  is  clearly  recog- 
nised by  the  French  specialists,  Toulouse,  Manouvrier,  Bertillon, 
and  a  dozen  others,  who  have  made  a  personal  examination  of  the 
novelist. 

Passing  by  the  last  of  these  causes  as  inappropriate  to  the 
present  article,  and  arriving  at  the  second,  we  discover,  on  going 
to  Zola's  own  account  of  his  doctrines,  that  he  believes  his  novels 
to  be  so  many  "slices  of  life,"  "human  documents,"  pieces  of  "la 
vie  vecue  et  sentie."  His  great  solicitude  is  "  de  faire  vrai."  His 
revolt  against  the  falsehood  of  the  Romantic  novel  is  expressed 
in  violent  and  often  coarse  terms;  and  it  is  undoubtedly  the 
irresistible  temptation  to  fling  his  "  naturalism "  in  the  face  of 
conventional  respectability  that  partly  accounts  for  the  brutality 
of  his  style.  "  Nous  sommes  gangrenes,  de  romantisme  jusqu'  aux 
moelles;  nous  avons  suce  ga  au  college,  derriere  nos  pupitres^, 
lorsque  nous  lisions  les  poetes  defendus;  nous  avons  respire 
oa  dans  1'air  empoisonne  de  notre  jeunesse."  The  antidote  to 
the  unwholesome  pseudo-morality  of  the  idealist  fiction  is 
supplied,  of  course,  by  •  the  "  naturalist "  novels,  which  may 
terrify  but  never  corrupt.  "The  truth  leads  no  one  astray;  if 
it  is  withheld  from  children,  it  is  made  for  men,  and  whosoever 
approaches  it  is  made  better."  To  sum  up  in  one  sentence — 
written  long  before  Zola's  fatal  connection  with  the  crisis  of  1898 — 
the  object  of  art  and  science  and  life  is  "  Tout  dire  pour  tout  con- 
naitre,  pour  tout  guerir." 

As  we  advance  in  our  search  for  Zola's  views  of  his  own  mission, 
we  are  surprised  to  learn  that  not  only  is  the  novelist  a  corrector  of 
society,  a  teacher  of  "  1'amere  science  de  la  vie,"  but  that  he  is  such 
by  virtue  of  being  a  scientific  investigator.  He  is,  equally  with  the' 
physiologist,  "  made  up  of  an  observer  and  an  experimenter.  The 
observer  in  him  gives  the  facts  .  .  .  fixes  the  point  of  de- 
parture, establishes  the  solid  ground  on  which  his  characters  are  to 
move  and  his  phenomena  to  develop.  Then  the  experimenter  ap- 
pears and  sets  the  experiment  going;  that  is  to  say,  makes  the 
characters  move  in  a  particular  story,  to  show  that  the  succession 
of  facts  in  it  will  be  such  as  is  demanded  by  the  determinism  of  ]* 
the  phenomena  under  investigation."  By  such  a  process  we  are 
able  to  "  secure  the  mechanism  "  of  any  given  passion,  with  a  view 
to  its  treatment  and  reduction.  "And  therein  lies  the  practical 


110  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

utility  and  the  high  morality  of  our  naturalist  works,  which  experi- 
ment upon  man,  which  take  to  pieces  and  put  together  again  the 
Luman  machine,  to  make  it  work  under  the  influence  of  its  environ- 
ment." "  Thus  it  is,"  adds  the  writer,  "  that  our  work  is  one  of 
practical  sociology,  and  comes  to  the  aid  of  political  and  economic 
science." 

But  what  is  to  be  understood  by  his  "human  machine?"  For 
y.ola,  man  is  "  submitted  to  physico-chemical  laws,  and  determined 
"by  the  influences  cxf  his  environment,"  so  that  "  the  same  deter- 
minism must  govern  the  stone  on  the  high-way  and  the  brain  of 
man."  To  know  man,  "  we  must  take  account  of  the  whole  machine 
and  the  external  world."  And  so  we  must  at  once  recognize  that 
we  all  have  within  us  "un  fond  de  bete  humaine,",or  as  it  is  else- 
-\vhere  expressed : — "  The  terrible  part  of  it  is,  that  we  at  once 
Teach  the  human  beast  under  the  dress  coat  as  under  the  work- 
man's blouse."  And  again,  "En  haut,  en  bas,  nous  nous  heurtons 
i\  la  brute.  .  .  .  C'est  pour  cela  que  nos  livres  sont  si  noirs,  si 
severes."  That  is  categorical  enough. 

When  we  now  enquire  into  Zola's  doctrines  of  art,  we  find  them 
<-lear  as  far  as  they  go — as  we  expected — but  not  quite  satisfying. 
The  novelist  must  suppress  the  imagination.  "Voila  1'ennemi!" 
That  way  lies  idealism.  No  plot  is  needed;  nature  and  reality  bring 
•with  them  beginning,  middle  and  end.  The  simple  history  of  a  being, 
or  a  group  of  beings,  suffices,  if  only  we  register  their  actions  with 
fidelity.  The  novel  becomes  a  mere  "proces-verbal,"  and  its  sole 
merit  is  accurate  observation,  more  or  less  penetrating  analysis,  and 
the  logical  concatenation  of  facts.  The  work  of  art  mil  produce  it- 
self, if  given  free  play.  (All  of  which  is  splendidly  contradicted  in 
practice  by  the  elaborately  stratified  construction  of  "Une  page 
d'amour,"  "  Fecondite,"  and  other  volumes.)  There  follows  from 
the  foregoing  the  impersonality  of  the  novel.  The  author  must 
keep  out  of  sight,  and  allow  events,  and  characterisation,  and  the 
play  of  forces  to  inculcate  the  lesson  he  would  teach. 

And  yet,  for  Zola,  the  merit  of  a  work  lies  not  merely  in  its 
truthfulness,  but  also  in  its  individuality;  for,  as  he  says  rather 
ielicitously  in  another  connection,  "  A  work  of  art  is  a  corner  of 
nature  viewed  through  a  temperament."  This  at  least  is  sound, 
•whether  the  "  temperament  "  and  the  "  impersonality  "  are  irrecon- 
cilable or  not.  But  he  never  realized  that  his  own  neuropathic  tem- 
perament was  a  singularly  falsifying  medium  through  which  either 
to  see  or  to  express  the  truth  of  things.  IsTor  does  he  seem  to  have 
discovered  that  there  is  nothing  less  impersonal  and  impartial,  or 
less  coldly  "scientific,"  than  the  "roman  &  these"  which  he  was 
constantly  evolving. 


EMILE  ZOLA.  Ill 

Such  are  some  of  Zola's  favorite  doctrines.  It  would  be  in- 
teresting to  examine  in  what  degree  his  practice  fails  to  agree  with 
these  and  others  which  could  be  enumerated;  and  perhaps  still 
more  interesting  to  discover  how  far  the  real  Zola  differed  from  the 
man  he  believed  himself  to  be.  He  thought  himself,  for  instance, 
a  thorough-going  realist,  even  a  serious  man  of  science,  while  he 
was  rather  a  sort  of  poet,  who,  by  great  industry  and  system,  and 
the  sweep  of  an  extraordinary  imagination,  pieced  together  each 
time  into  an  enormous  work  the  facts  and  theories  and  daily  events 
which  he  had  been  accumulating  with  infinite  pains  during  the  pre- 
ceding months.  ]STor  could  he  perceive  that  the  cases  he  describes 
form  in  large  part  a  collection  of  monstrosities,  crowded  together  by 
violence  into  a  pretended  picture  of  every-day  life,  which  produces 
the  effect  of  a  pathological  museum — an  institution  not  to  be  ex- 
hibited to  the  general  public.  Still  less  did  Zola  realize  the  dis- 
torting and  magnifying  power  of  his  own  imagination,  which  con- 
verts simple  events  into  portentous  symbols,  and,  in  its  mania  for 
personification,  endows  all  nature,  and  even  the  inanimate  creations 
of  man,  with  human  emotions  and  the  pathos  of  human  suffering. 

Such  points  as  these  would  form  matter  for  a  long  discussion; 
but  it  will  now  be  more  just  to  look  at  the  merits  of  Zola's  work. 
Perhaps  the  greatest  of  his  excellences  is  his  deep  and  solemn  in- 
terest in  human  life,  its  activity,  and  its  perpetuation.  His  ex- 
tremely sensitive  nature  is  tortured  by  the  sight  of  suffering,  and 
his  anger  kindles  fiercely  at  the  spectacle  of  injustice.  Several  of 
his  novels,  such  as  "  Germinal "  and  "  La  Debacle  " — we  might 
almost  add  "Lourdes" — attain  a  grandeur  that  may  save  them 
from  oblivion,  and  all  his  work  is  founded  on  sympathy  with  suffer- 
ing and  a  desire  to  hasten  the  reign  of  justice  upon  the  earth.  He 
wrote  at  the  beginning  of  his  career,  u  Je  serai  toujeurs  du  parti 
des  vaincus."  How  prophetic  a  word! 

Even  his  style  has  its  merits.  Although  his  language  is  often 
ponderous  and  slow-moving,  and  encumbered  with  multitudinous 
details,  and  although  it  is  far  from  being  the  best  French,  it  is  after 
all  wonderfully  adapted  to  transfuse  the  feeling  of  the  author,  and 
it  has  the  excellence  of  being  not  only  effective  but  entirely  unlike 
that  of  any  other  writer — in  which  respect,  as  in  several  others, 
Zola  is  very  far  from  being  a  typical  Frenchman. 

If  he  has  the  somewhat  equivocal  distinction  of  having  raised  the 
realistic  novel  to  its  last  bad  eminence,  and  of  having  exhausted  the 
type  which  he  represents,  he  also  deserves  the  credit  of  having 
greatly  assisted,  as  he  had  always  hoped  to  assist,  in  effecting  a 
fundamental  chanere  in  the  methods  of  the  novelist  at  large.  This 
change  consisted  in  replacing  the  too  exuberant  play  of  pure 


112  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

imagination  by  the  sober  portraiture  of  what  has  been  ascertained 
to  be  real.  His  own  work  certainly  did  not  possess  this  sobriety 
and  moderation,  but  it  might  have  been  poorer  if  it  had. 

Emile  Zola  will  remain  one  of  the  great  figures  of  the  nineteenth 
century.  He  is  the  last  of  the  great  French  "realists."  His 
literary  affiliations  are  with  his  predecessors,  Stendhal  and  Balzac, 
whom  he  so  much  admired,  and  with  his  contemporaries  and 
friends,  Flaubert,  the  brothers  Goncourt,  Daudet  and  Maupassant. 
But  he  was  a  man  who  stood  alone  after  all,  and  with  that  reverence 
for  life  and  work  and  duty  which  is  one  of  his  great  characteristics, 
he  built  up,  by  great  effort  and  in  virtual  solitude,  what  structure 
he  had  it  in  him  to  build.  And  because  his  work  is  so  full  of  his 
personality — his  own  "temperament" — and  because  it  is  so  vast 
and  so  strong,  both  in  its  pessimism  and  its  confident  hope  in  the 
future,  it  may  be  remembered  for  many  generations. 


TORONTONENSIA. 


113 


TOEONTONENSIA. 


UNIVERSITY   OF   TORONTO 

MONTHLY. 

ADDRESS  ALL  COMMUNICATIONS  FOR 
PUBLICATION  TO  THE  SECRETARY,  UNI- 
VERSITY OF  TORONTO. 

Published  monthly,   October — June. 
Subscription    $1,00    a    year,  single    copies 

15  cts. 

All  subscriptions  are  credited  October- 
June. 

EDITORIAL   COMMITTEE. 

I.  H.  CAMERON,  M.B.,  Chairman. 

J.  C.  MCLENNAN,  Ph.D.,  Secretary. 

L.  E.  EMBREE,  M.A.;  J.  MCGREGOR 
YOUNG,  B.A. ;  H.  J.  CODY,  M.  A.;  J.  A. 
COOPER,  B.A.,  LL.B.;  C.  C.  JAMES,  M.A.; 
GEO.  WILKIE,  B.A.;  J.  M.  CLARK,  M.A.; 
LL.B.,  K.C;  J.  W.MALLON,  B.A.,  LL.B.; 
HON.  S.  C.  BIGGS,  B.A.,  K.C. 


S.  J.  ROBERTSON,  B.A.,  Managing  Edi- 
tor. 


THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  ALUMNI 
ASSOCIATION  :  LOCAL  ORGANIZATIONS. 

GENERAL  ASSOCIATION.  —  President, 
DR.  R.  A.  REEVE,  Toronto.  Secretary, 
J  C.  MCLENNAN,  Ph.  D.,  Dean's  House, 
University  of  Toronto. 

ALGOMA,  DISTRICT  OF.  —  President, 
REV.  J.  ALLAN,  B.A.,  Sault  Ste.  Marie, 
Ont.;  Secretary-Treasurer,  LESLIE  A. 
GREEN,  B.A.,  Sault  Ste.  Marie,  Ont. 

BRANT  COUNTY.  —  President,  A.  J. 
WILKES,  LL.B.,  K.C.,  Brantford,  Ont.; 
Secretary,  M.  J.  KEANE,  M.B.,  Brant- 
ford,  Ont. 

BRITISH  COLUMBIA. — President,  REV. 
R.  WHITTINGTON,  M.A.,  B.Sc.,  Vancou- 
ver, B.C. 

ELGIN  COUNTY,  ONT. — President,  REV. 
CANON  HILL,  St.  Thomas.  Secretary, 
S.  SILCOX,  B.A.,  B.  Paed.,  St  Thomas. 

FRONTENAC  COUNTY. — President,  E.  H. 
SMYTHE,  M.A.,LL.D.,K.C.,  Kingston,  Ont., 
Secretary-Treasurer,  E.  O.  SLITER,  M.A., 
Kingston,  Ont. 

GREY  AND  BRUCE.  —  President,  A.  G. 
MCKAY,  B.A.,  Owen  Sound,  Ont. 
Secretary,  W.  D.  FERRIS,  M.B.,  Shallow 
Lake,  Ont. 

HASTINGS  COUNTY. — President,  LT.- 
COL.  W.  N.  PONTON,  M.A.,  Belleville. 
Secretary,  3.  T.  LUTON,  B.A.,  Belleville. 


HURON  COUNTY.  —  President,  WM. 
GUNN,  M.D.,  Clinton,  Ont.  Secretary- 
Treasurer,  CH AS.  GARROW,  B.A.,  LL.B., 
Goderich,  Ont. 

KENT  COUNTY.  —  President,  D.  S. 
PATTERSON,  B.A.,  Chatham,  Ont.  Sec- 
ri-tary,  Miss  GRACE  MCDONALD,  B.A., 
Chatham,  Ont. 

LENNOX  AND  ADDINGTON  COUNTIES. — 
President,  H.  M.  DEROCHE,  B.A.,  K.C., 
Napanee.  Secretary-Treasurer,  U.  J. 
FLACK,  M.A.,  Napanee. 

LINCOLN  COUNTY.— President,  JOHN 
HENDERSON,  M.A.,  St.  Cataarines. 
Secretary-Treasurer,  G.  B.  BURSON,  B.A., 
St.  Catharines. 

MIDDLESEX  COUNTY. — President,  TAL- 
BOT  MACBETH,  B.A.,  K.C-,  London. 
Secretary-Treasurer,  F.  E.  PERRIN,  B.A., 
London. 

OTTAWA. — President,  J.  C.  GLASHAN, 
M.A..,LL.D.,  Ottawa.  Secretary-Treasurer, 
J.  O.  CARSS,  B.A.,  Ottawa 

PERTH  COUNTY,  ONT.— President,  C.  J. 
MCGREGOR,  M.A.,  Stratford,  Ont. 
Secretary-Treasurer,  C.  A.  MAYBERBY, 
B.A.,  LL.B.,  Stratford,  Ont. 

PETERBOROUGH  COUNTY.  —  President, 
E  B.  EDWARDS,  B.A.,  LL.B.,  K.C,, 
Peterborough.  Secretary-Treasurer,  D. 
WALKER,  B.A.,  Peterborough. 

PRINCE  EDWARD  COUNTY.— President, 
M.  CURRIE,  B.A.,  M.B.,  Picton. 

SIMCOE  COUNTY. — President,  DONALD 
Ross,  B.A.,  LL.B.,  Barrie,  Ont.;  Secre- 
tary-Treasurer, A.  F.  HUNTER,  M.A., 
Earrie1,  Ont. 

VICTORIA  COUNTY. — President,  J.  C. 
HARSTONE,  B.A.,  Lindsay,  Ont.  Secre- 
tary-Treasurer, Miss  E.  G.  FLAVELJLE, 
B.A.,  Lindsay,  Ont. 

WATERLOO  COUNTY.— President,  His 
HONOUR  JUDGE  CHISHOLM,  Berlin,  Ont- 
Secretary-Treasurer,  REV.  W.  A.  BRAD- 
LEY, B.A.,  Berlin,  Ont. 

WELLINGTON  COUNTY,  ONT.  —  Presi- 
dent, WM.  TYTLER,  B.A.,  Guelph,  Ont. 
Secretary-Treasurer,  R.  L.  McKiNNON, 
B.A.,  LL.B.,  Guelph,  Ont. 

WENTWORTH  COUNTY  GRADUATES' 
ASSOCIATION. — President,  J.  CHISHOLM, 
B.A.,  Hamilton,  Ont.  Secretary- 
Treasurer,  J.  T.  CRAWFORD,  B.A.,  Ham- 
ilton, Ont. 

NEW  YORK  CITY. — President,  G.  H,  Ling, 
B.A..  Ph.  D.,  New  York.  Secretary-Treas- 
ure, .1.  A.  MacVannel,  B.A.,  Ph.  D.,  NY. 


114 


UNIVERSITY  OF  TOEONTO  MONTHLY 


L'Alliaiice  Francaise. 

L'adjectif  "  frangais "  a  &t&,  a  To- 
ronto, depuis  nombre  d'annges,  accoie 
a  tant  de  noms  servant  a  designer 
tvne  reunion  de  personnes  ayant  pour 
but  la  culture  en  commun  de  la  langue 
de  Moliere,  qu'a  1'heure  actuelle  le  titre 
tl'Alliance  Franchise  n'attire  guere 
1'attention  et  ne  frappe  pas  comme 
quelquechose  de  nouveau.  Pourtant, 
cette  societg  de  fondation  rgcente  est 
beaucoup  plus  qu'une  quelconque  rg- 
*mion  mondaine,  elle  est  organisee 
sous  les  auspices  de  l'Universit6,  dur- 
able et  a  plusieurs  buts  dont  la  reunion 
forme  pour  ses  membres  un  tout  agre- 
able  et  pratique,  done  utile. 

L'Alliance  Frangaise  de  Toronto 
n'est  en  somme  qu'une  branche,  qu-un 
'  comitg  d'action "  de  1'immense  or- 
ganisation qui  sous  le  meme  titre,  avec 
son  siege  social  a  Paris,  embrasse 
'Univers  entier  et  compte  35,000  ad- 
herents disperses  dans  les  principales 
\illes  des  cinq  parties  du  monde. 

Le  but  principal  de  la  Society  est  la 
propagation  de  la  langue  franchise 
par  tous  les  moyens  et  sous  toutes  les 
formes  possibles,  tels  qu'etablissements 
d'ecoles,  subventions  a  celles  deja 
existantes,  envois  de  livres,  fondations 
de  prix,  recompenses,  etc.  Dans  les 
villes  etrangeres,  la  mission  des  com- 
it6s  d'action  consiste  surtout  a  rg- 
unir  ceux  qui  parlent  le  frarigais,  a 
les  rapprocher,  a  creer  entre  eux  une 
espSce  de  trait-d'union,  a  les  renseig- 
ner,  &  leur  faciliter  leurs  etudes,  a 
1'aide  de  conferences,  lectures,  decla- 
mations, comedies,  chants,  conseils, 
etc.  De  plus  chaque  socigtaire  regoit 
une  carte  qui  lui  constitue,  lorsqu'il 
voyage,  une  sorte  de  lettre  d'introduc- 
tjon  aupr6s  des  autres  membres  de 
1' Alliance.  De  telle  sorte  que  dans  le 
monde  entier,  et  principalement  en 
France,  il  se  trouve  en  pays  de  con- 
naissance  et  est  accueilli  par  des  gens 
tout  prets  a  le  renseigner  et  a  le 
guider. 

Le  comit6  de  Toronto  compte  d6ja 
de  nombreux  membres  et  recevra 
comme  tels  tous  les  fervents  de  la 
langue  franchise  qui  en  feront  la 
demande. 


for  the  ensuing  year:  Hon.  president 
H.  J.  Crawford,  B.A.,  '88;  hon.  vice- 
president,  Geo.  D.  Porter,  M.B  '94- 
president,  W.  E.  Willmott,  D.D.S.  '89; 
first  vice-president,  Ralph  E.  Hooper, 
B.A.  '92,  M.B.  '98;  second  vice-presi- 
dent, T.  W.  Graham;  secretary-trea- 
surer, E.  M.  Henderson. 

Lacrosse. 

The  success  of  the  past  season's 
work  in  the  lacrosse  field  was  the  sub- 
ject of  a  congratulatory  speech  by  W. 
J.  Hanley,  B.A.  '01,  president  of  the 
University  of  Toronto  Lacrosse  Club 
at  the  annual  meeting.  The  Crescent 
Athletic  Club  of  Brooklyn  had  been 
defeated  in  one  game,  and  they  had 
also  won  the  Intercollegiate  Champion- 
ship of  America  from  Johns  Hopkins 
University  at  Baltimore. 

The  election  of  officers  for  the  en- 
suing year  resulted  as  follows: 

Hon.  president,  President  Loudon  ; 
president,  P.  A.  Greig,  B.A.  '00;  first 
vice-president,  H.  Dorenzie;  second 
vice-president,  E.  M.  Gladney;  man- 
ager and  secretary,  W.  H.  Livingston; 
fourth  year  Arts  representative,  W. 
Dixon;  third  year  Arts,  P.  Montague; 
second  year  Arts,  L.  Heyd;  first  year 
Arts,  P.  M.  Fraser;  third  and  fourth 
year  Medicals,  N.  Kyle;  first  and  sec- 
ond yew  medicals.  H.  B.  Coleman  ; 
senior  S.  P.  S.,  R.  Bryce;  junior  S.  P. 
S.,  Wilkie  Evans;  Dentals,  C.  H. 
Hartley;  Pharmacy,  G.  Challice. 

Baseball. 

At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Toronto  Baseball  Club  the 
following  officers  were  elected  for  the 
coming  year:  Hon.  president,  Profes- 
sor Heebner;  president,  Geo.  Biggs  ; 
vice-president,  A.  Ross;  secretary- 
t^easurer,  D.  Kapelle;  manager.  D.  J. 
Sutherland;  captain,  R.  L.  Williams. 
A  committee  was  appointed  to  con- 
sider the  advisability  of  a  United 
States  rather  than  a  Canadian  tour. 


Athletics. 

The  Track  Club. 

At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Track 
Club  the  following  officers  were  elected 


The  Medical  Dinner. 

The  16th  annual  dinner  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Toronto  Medical  Faculty 
was  held  in  the  Gymnasium  buiiuing 
on  December  3rd.  The  attendance  was 
the  largest  in  the  history  of  the  Fa- 
culty, and  the  proceedings  throughout 
were  marked  by  the  vim  and  enthusi- 


TORONTONENSIA. 


asm  which  characterizes  the  Medical 
Faculty  in  this  its  year  of  greatest 
expansion. 

The  chair  was  occupied  by  Mr.  R.  F. 
Foster,  President  of  the  Dinner  Com- 
mittee, and  among  those  present  were: 
Vice-Chancellor    Moss,    LL.D.     (Hon.) 
'00;    President  Loudon,   B.A.   62,   M.A. 
'64,     LL.D.     (Hon.)     '94;     Dr.     Peters, 
M.B.    '86,    honorary    president;     Hon. 
George     E.      Foster;      Prof.      Barker. 
M.B.      '90,    Chicago    University;     Rev 
Prof.  Clark,  Hon.  Senator  Landerkin, 
Prof.  Ramsay  Wright,  M.A.  '78,  LL.D. 
(Hon.)   '02;    Rev.  Dr.  Sheraton.  LL.D. 
(Hon.)  '96;  ,Mr.  J.  S.  Willison.  Mr.  A. 
E.    Ames,   Dr.    Beemer,    M.B.    '74;    Mr. 
B.    E.   Walker,   Dean   Wilmott,   D.D.S. 
'93;    Mayor  Howland,   Professor   McG. 
Young,B.A.'84:Professor  PelbaicEdejar. 
B.A/92:  Dr.  Wm.  Britton,  M.B.'76,  M.D. 
'76;   Principal  Hutton,  M.A.  '81.  LL.D. 
(Hon.)    '02;    Registrar    Brebner,    B.A. 
'91;    Dr.    Daniel   Clark,    M.D.    '58;  "Dr. 
Chas.  O'Reilly,  Dr.  Galloway,  M.D.  '87; 
Dr.  Allen,  B.A.  '93,  M.A.  .'01,  Pn.D.  '01; 
Dr.  Kendrick,  B.A.  '94,  M.A.  '01;  C.  A. 
Chant,  B.A.  '90,  M.A.'OO,  Ph.D.;  Profes- 
sor McLennan.  B.A.  '92,  Ph.D.  '00';  Mr. 
Frank  Darling,  architect,  and  Messrs. 
Illsley   &   Home,    contractors   for    the 
new  building.     The  faculty  were  pre- 
sent in  full  force,  among  them  being: 
Professors  R.  A.  Reeve,  B.A.  't>2,  M.D. 
'89,  LL.D.  (Hon.)  '02;  G.  H.  Burnham, 
M.D.   '89;    W.   H.   Ellis,   B.A.   '67,   M.A. 
'68,  M.B.  '70;    C.  F.  Heebner.    Phm.B. 
'92;    A.    B.    Macallum,    B.A.    '80,    M.A. 
'99,  M.B.  '89,  Ph.D.;   G.  R.  McDonagh, 
M.B.  '76,  M.D.  '88;  H.  T.  Machell,  x-x.B. 
'73,  M.D.  '88;  J.  J.  Mackenzie,  B.A.  '86, 
M.B.  '99;  W.  B.  Thistle,  M.D.  '86;  A.  H. 
Wright.   B.A.,  '66,  M.B.   '78,   M.D.    88; 
W.  P.  Caven,  M.B.  '86;  J.  M.  MacCal- 
lum,  B.A.  '81,  M.D.,  C.M.  '86,  and  W. 
Oldright,  B.A.   '63,   M.A.   '67,   M.B.   '65, 
M.D.   '67. 

After  the  toast  of  the  "  King,"  G.  A. 
Peters,  M.B.  '86,  proposed  the  toast  of 
"  Our  Country  "  in  a  patriotic  speech, 
to  which  tne  Hon.  Geo.  E.  Foster  maae 
an  eloquent  reply. 

He  spoke  of  the  widespread  influ- 
ence wielded  by  the  medical  profes- 
sion in  the  community  in  which  they 
performed  their  life  work,  and  drew 
fi  graphic  and  inspiring  picture  of  Can- 
ada's resources  and  the  glorious  pos- 
sibilities which  lie  before  tne  Cana- 
dian nation.  He  dwelt  upon  the  need 


of  honest  work  in  building  up  the  na- 
tion. 

"  The  University  of  Toronto  and  its 
Faculty  of  (Medicine  '  was  proposed  by 
B.  E.  Walker,  a  member  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees,  who  said  that  the  one 
natural  resource  of  Canada  of  greater 
importance  than  the  minerals  and  the 
forests  was  her  young  men,  and  he 
pointed  out  the  importance  of  provid- 
ing them  with  the  facilities  for  ob- 
taining a  liberal  education  in  order 
that  the  resources  of  the  country 
might  be  developed.  The  present  sys- 
tem of  raising  revenue  for  the  Pro- 
vince was,  Mr.  Walker  said,  unscien- 
tific, and  he  expressed  the  opinion 
that  it  would  be  in  the  true  interest 
of  the  Province  and  of  the  University 
of  Toronto  that  at  the  earliest  possible 
date  the  people  should  have  the  com- 
mon sense  to  say  to  the  Legislature, 
"  Please  tax  us  by  direct  taxation  and 
do  the  things  in  this  Province  which 
ought  to  be  done  in  order  to  make  the 
development  of  Ontario  what  it  ought 
to  be." 

Vice-Chancellor  Moss,  in  the  un- 
avoidable absence  of  the  Chancellor, 
Sir  William  R.  Meredith,  undertook 
the  pleasant  duty  of  responding  to  the 
toast,  and  made  an  able  and  appropri- 
ate reply.  Every  year,  he  said,  some 
tie  came  to  bind  the  Faculty  of  Medi- 
cine and  the  University  together;  this 
jcar  it  was  the  new  building  which  is 
now  rising  in  the  park,  and  which, 
wnen  finished,  would  be  the  most  com- 
plete of  its  kind  to  be  found  anywhere. 
He  expressed  appreciation  of  the  ac- 
tion of  the  Government  in  relieving 
the  needs  of  the  University,  and  ex- 
pressed the  conviction  that  still  fur- 
ther assistance  by  the  Government 
would  meet  with  popular  approval. 

Dr.  Reeve,  the  popular  Dean,  re- 
sponded on  behalf  of  the  faculty,  anu, 
commenting  upon  the  presence  of  Prof. 
Barker  (of  the  class  of  1890),  now  of 
Chicago  University,  whose  success  was 
due  to  the  splendid  laboratory  system 
of  the  Toronto  University,  said  that 
additional  laboratory  buildings  are  re- 
quired, and  suggested  that  endowments 
for  several  chairs  are  needed. 

Prof.  Barker,  M.B.,  '90,  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Chicago,  on  rising  to  pro- 
pose the  toast  of  "  The  Professions," 
was  given  an  enthusiastic  welcome. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 


He  .made  a  pleasant  reference  to  his 
former  experiences  in  the  University  of 
Toronto  Medical  Faculty,  and  in  grace- 
ful terms  acknowledged  his  indebted- 
ress  to  the  faculty  for  his  professional 
success.     In  the  course  of  an  able  re- 
\iew  of  the  situation,   professionally, 
in    the    United    States,    Prof.    Barker 
said  that  the  tendency  was  to  shorten 
the    B.A.    course.      One    set    of    men 
argued  that  a  man  is  old  enough  wuen 
leaving  the  high  school  to  enter  pro- 
fessional work,  another  set  contending 
that  he  should  have^  the  B.A.   course 
before     entering     upbn     his     meuical 
work.    A  compromise  has  been  made 
in  several  States,  by  allowing  a  man 
who   is   going   into    law,    theology   or 
medicine,  to  have  the  first  year  or  two 
years  of  his  professional  course  count 
as  the  last  year  or  last  two  years  of 
his  college  course.     It  looked,  however, 
as  though  things  would  go  further,  as 
President  Butler  of  Columbia  Univer- 
sity has  seriously  urged ,  mat  the  de- 
gree1 of  B.A.   be  given  at  the  end  of 
two  years'  work.       Another  tendency 
noticeable  in  the  study  of  medicine  on 
the   other   side   is   the    emphasis   laid 
upon  research  and  original  investiga- 
tion.   Prof.  Barker  spoke  of  the  great 
change  which  had  taken  place  in  the 
methods    adopted    within    the    twelve 
years  he  had  been  in  the  United  States. 
When  he  first  went  to  Cnicago  there 
was  scarcely  any  professor  in  a  medi- 
cal  school  who  gave  his  whole   ume 
and  energy  to  the  work  of  the  school. 
Now  there  is  not  a  first-class  school 
that  does  not  have  all  its  chairs  in  the 
first  two  years  endowed  and  filled  by 
professors  who  give  their  whole  time 
to  the  work,  and  who,  besides  teaching, 
do  a  great  deal  of  research  work,  and 
who  have  assistants  doing  the  same. 
There1  are  also  eminent  men  engaged 
exclusively  in  the  practice  of  medicine, 
surgery  and  obstetrics  in  the  hospitals 
for  the   universities   only.     Tne   third 
important  featurei  of  the  situation  on 
the  other  side,   is   the  activity  mani- 
fested by  the  State  universities,  a  very 
large  proportion  of  which  have  medical 
faculties.       Although  it  was  supposed 
at  first  the  States  would  oppose  any 
large  expenditure  of  funds  for  medical 
and    professional     education,    it    was 
found  the  people  are  willing  to  sup- 
port these  institutions.     Prof.   Barker 
enumerated     the1     liberal     provisions 
made    by    Minnesota,    California    and 


other  States  for  medical  education, 
and  pointed  to  the  generous  endow- 
ment furnished  by  private  citizens  of 
chairs  in  the1  State  Universities  as  am 
evidence  of  the  earnestness  with  which 
the  question  of  higher  education  has 
been  taken  up  by  the  peopie.  In  con- 
clusion, he  paid  a  glowing  tribute  to 
the  magnificent  work  done  by  univer- 
sity of  Toronto,  as  shown  by  the  high 
appreciation  in  which  its  graduates 
are  held,  and  the  prominent  positions 
they  attain  in  the  United  States,  in- 
stancing the  splendid  attainments  of 
Dr.  Bensley,  and  the  fact  that  more 
fellowships  in  the  University  of  Chi- 
cago were  taken  by  students  of  the 
University  of  Toronto  than  by  those 
from  any  State  university. 

Rev.  Prof.  Clark  responded  for  the 
church,  Mayor  Rowland  for  the  law, 
and  Hon.  Senator  Landerkin  for 
medicine. 

"  Sister  Institutions  "  were  toasted 
with  great  enthusiasm  and  responses 
were  made  by  the  several  representa- 
tives. 

"  The  Ladies "  and  "  The  Fresh- 
men "  were  also  toasted  with  appro- 
priate honours. 

The  officers  of  the  committee  which 
had  charge  of  the  arrangements,  which 
were  most  complete,  for  the  dinner, 
were:  Dr.  Geo.  A.  Peters;,  hon.  presi- 
dent; F.  F.  Foster,  president;  B.  J. 
Ferguson,  first  vice-president;  M.  E. 
Gowland,  B.A.  '01,  second  vice-presi- 
dent; A.  Mclnnis,  treasurer;  G.  A. 
Winters,  secretary. 


The  Natural  Science  Association. 

With  next  term's  programme  the 
Natural  Science  Association  completes 
its  twenty-fourth  year.  During  its  his- 
tory many  undergraduates  who  subse- 
quently won  distinction  have  con- 
tributed to  its  success.  When  we  re- 
member that  men  like  A.  C.  Lawson, 
'83,  now  a  professor  in  Leland  Stan- 
ford, and  J.  B.  Tyrrell,  '80,  of  the  Geo- 
logical Survey,  have  read  papers  be- 
fore it  in  their  undergraduate  days,  we 
can  readily  see  that  the  standard  set 
is  a  high  one. 

This  year  the  traditions  have  been 
well  maintained.  As  in  the  past,  special 
prominence  has  been  given  to  suojects 
not  directly  connected  with  the  aca- 
demic work,  especially  those  which 


TOEONTONENSIA. 


117 


are  prepared  by  observation  and  ex- 
periment rather  than  by  reading.  Pro- 
minent industries  are  described,  such 
as  brewing,  smelting,  the  manu- 
facture of  fertilizers,  by  men  who  have 
personally  investigated  the  processes 
involved;  certain  special  topics  of 
scientific  interest  are  discussed,  such 
as  the  Georgian  Bay  Biological  Sta- 
tion; hornets;  biogenesis  and  abiogen- 
esis;  color  photography,  and  evoiuuon, 
and  finally  a  few  papers  are  read  by 
specialists,  as  Mr.  Maughan's  illus- 
trated lecture  on  Canadian  birdc,  and 
the  President,  Dr.  Scott's,  paper  on 
cell  life. 

Reference  must  be  made  to  the  an- 
nual open  meeting,  which  will  be  held 
this  year  on  the  evening  of  February 
19th.  This  will  undoubtedly  be,  as  it 
has  always  been  in  the  past,  one  of 
the  pleasantest  functions  of  the  year. 
A  programme  will  be  presented  which 
will  consist  of  a  few  musical  nu  ibers 
and  two  short  lectures  by  prominent 
scientific  men. 

W.  Harvey  McNairn. 


The    Conference   of  the   Knox   Col- 
lege Alumni. 

The  young  men  were  in  evidence  at 
the  conference  of  the  Knox  College 
Alumni  that  was  held  from  December 
8th  to  llth.  The  programme  wz*  in 
the  hands  of  young  men,  for  the  most 
part,  and  those  present  were  raostly 
men  with  life's  best  before  them.  The 
exceptions  were  still  young-hearted 
though  they  had  passed  the  allotted 
three-score-and-ten.  The  discussions 
were  bright  and  full  of  optimism. 
Sometimes  they  were  daring,  and  as- 
sertions were  made  that  sounded 
strange  in  halls  where  caution  usually 
reigns,  and  where  reverence  prr-ades 
the  teaching.  But  on  all  hands  it  is 
conceded  that  the  discussions  have 
been  stimulating,  and  men  have  go~e 
back  to  search  out  for  themselves 
whether  these  things  be  so  of  which 
they  have1  heard.  We  need  not  fear 
the  result,  for  they  are  sturdy  men 
whom  Knox  has  sent  out,  and  will  not 
be  easily  swayed  by  a  passing  breeze. 
The  programme  that  had  been  pro- 
vided was  of  a  high  character,  and 
eminently  practical.  Moral  Reform, 
discussed  by  a  man  who  has  spent  the 
best  of  his  life  in  that  work;  Current 
Unbelief,  discussed  by  men  who  have 


to  meet  it,  and  find  some  answer  to  it; 
Immortality,  from  the  standpoint  of 
the  philosopher;  The  Story  of  the 
Rocks,  scientifically  considered;  these 
were  some  of  the  papers,  and  serve  to 
mark  the  character  of  the  Conference. 

If  one  were  choosing,  and  choice  will 
naturally  turn  upon  the  individual 
tendency  of  mind,  there  were  four 
papers  among  which  it  would  be  diffi- 
cult to  select  the  first.  Professor 
Squair's  excellent  monograph  upon 
Victor  Hugo  seemed  to  the  writer  just 
"What  is  needed  in  such  a  gathering  of 
students,  who  are  still  eagerly  reach- 
ing out  for  the  best  in  literature.  It 
gave  one  a  vivid  delineation  of  the 
great  poet,  but  it  set  one  on  edge  to 
fill  in  the  outline  given.  Principal 
Caven's  masterly  paper  upon  the  Paul- 
ine Christianity,  and  his  comparison 
of  the  Apostle's  teaching  with  that  of 
his  Lord,  was  one  of  the  great  papers 
of  the  series.  Rev.  W.  Farquharson's 
discussion  of  the  Authority  of  Scrip- 
ture in  Refprmation  times,  came  a 
little  closer  than  the  times  with  which 
it  was  supposed  to  deal,  and  drew  out 
one  of  the  most  brilliant  discussions  of 
the  conference.  Incidentally  it  reveal- 
ed this  fact,  that  all  the  keen  think- 
ing is  not  done  within  the  limits  of 
the  city.  The  conference  closed  with 
an  excellent  lecture  by  Dr.  J.  Humph- 
ley  Anger,  upon  the  development  of 
church  music  during  the  Christian  era. 
A  trained  choir  kindly  gave  their 
services  to  illustrate  the  lecture. 

During  the!  conference  week,  on 
.Tuesday  evening,  the  annual  meeting 
of  the  Alumni  Association  is  held. 
[Usually  the  chief  business  is  the  elec- 
tion of  officers,  but  for  two  years  an- 
other matter  has  put  that  in  the  back- 
ground. Last  year  the  question  of  a 
new  Library  building  was  mooted. 
During  the  year  the  President,  Rev. 
J.  M.  Duncan,  has  asked  the  Alumni 
to  pledge  a  certain  sum  from  them- 
selves, and  within  one  month  two- 
fifths  of  that  sum  had  been  promised 
by  about  one-eighth  of  the  alumni. 
The  Library  is  to  be  called  The  Caven 
Library,  in  honor  of  the  Principal. 

The  following  officers  were  elected: 
—Honorary  president,  Rev.  Prof.  Mac- 
Laren,  D.D.,  of  Knox  College;  presi- 
dent, Rev.  J.  M.  Duncan,  B.A.  '86,  B.D. 
(re-elected);  vice-president,  Rev.  W. 
A.  J.  Martin,  Brantford  ;  secretary- 
treasurer,  Rev.  G.  R.  Fasken,  B.A.,  '90, 


118 


UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 


Toronto;  committee,  Rev.  W.  G.  Wal- 
lace, B.D.,  B.A.  '79,  M.A.  '82,  Toronto; 
Rev.  R.  W.  D:ckie,  B.A.  '94,  Orange- 
ville;  Rev.  J.  McP.  Scott,  B.A.  '87,  To- 
ronto; Rev.  J.  W.  MacMillan,  B.A.  '88, 
Lindsay;  Rev.  R.  W.  Ross,  B.A.  '89, 
M.A.  '92,  Guelph. 

R.  Campbell  Tibl>. 


Tennyson  Club. 

The  Tennyson  Club  met  in  Victoria 
College  on  Wednesday,  December  3rd, 
to  hear  a  paper  from  Professor  Edgar 
on  the  adverse  criticism  of  the  poet. 
There  was  a  large  and  appreciative 
audience;  not  as  large  an  audience, 
however,  as  the  paper  deserved,  'i'he 
lecturer  followed  the  adverse  criticism 
from  its  beginning  with  Christopher 
North  and  Lockhart,  and  showed  how 
deeply  Tennyson  had  taken  it  to  neart, 
and  how  much  he  had  prohced  by  it. 
He1  noted  also  in  passing  the  prophetic 
eulogies'  of  Bowring.  Tiie  criucisms, 
he  thought,  in  essence  reduce'd  them- 
selves to  the  two  propositions  that  (1), 
as  Bagchet  put  it,  Tennyson  is  "ornate 
rather  than  natural,"  that  he  misses 
(in  the  lecturer's  phrase)  "  the  wild- 
ing flavour";  (2)  that  he  is  too  far 
withdrawn  from  ordinary  life  to  be 
thoroughly  human  ;  too  academic, 
cloistered  and  refined.  The  only  criti- 
cism possible  of  the  paper  was  that  it 
was  too  good,  and  left  the  audience 
nothing  to  add  and  few  questions  to 
ask. 

Professor  Reynar  was  of  opinion 
that  Enoch  Arden,  the  most  criticised 
poem,  though  Tennyson  thought  it  the 
simplest,  was  not  deficient  in  realism 
or  over-ornate;  that  it  was  not  neces- 
sary for  its  hero  to  be  a  mere  "  dirty 
sailor  "  any  more  than,  in  a  parallel 
case,  Dinah  Morris  was  to  be  called 
a  mere1  lay  figure  because  she  was  a 
Christian.  Professor  Bell,  in  a  few 
happy  words,  conceded  that  Tennyson 
was  a  scholar's  poet,  and  could  not 
appeal  to  the  wide  audience  of  Burns. 
Mr.  Saul,  in  a  very  interesting  address, 
noted  the  circumstances  of  Tennyson's 
life,  and  showed  how  they  bore  out 
the  view  which  he  took  of  the  poet  as 
passionately  and  profoundly  Christian. 


Alumni    in    New    York    City. 

On  Saturday  evening,  December  13, 
a  meeting  of  graduates  of  the  Univer- 


sity of  Toronto,  resident  in  New  York, 
was  held  at  the  City  Club,  19  West 
34th  Street,  New  York  City.  Gradu- 
ates in  Arts,  (Medicine  and  Applied 
Science  were  present,  and  much  en- 
thusiasm was  displayed.  The  oldest 
graduate  in  New  York,  Mr.  Cornelius 
D.  Paul,  '58,  was  unavoidably  absent 
through  illness,  but  sent  a  message- 
expressing  his  interest  and  promising 
his  cordial  support.  The  purpose  of 
the  meeting  was  the  organization  of 
an  association  to  be  known  as  the 
University  of  Toronto  Club  of  New 
York.  The  orncers  elected  were:  Pre- 
sident, George  Herbert  Ling,  Ph.D. 
(Arts,  '93) ;  vice-president,  Dr.  Fred- 
erick A.  Cleland  (Arts,  '98,  Medicine,, 
'01);  secretary-treasurer,  John  Angus 
MacVannel,  Ph.D.  (Arts,  '93).  The 
association  will  be  composed  of  gradu- 
ates in  all  departments  of  the  Uni- 
versity, and  it  is  expected  that  the 
membership  will  soon  exceed  fifty. 

John  Angus  MacVatlnel. 

News  from  the  Classes. 

Arts'  Class  of  1804. 

F.  J.  Alway,  B.A.,  Ph.D.  (Heidel- 
berg, is  professor  of  Chemistry  at  Ne- 
braska Wesleyan  University  in  Uni- 
versity Place,  Nebraska. W.  H. 

Barnum,  B.A..,  is  a  barrister  in  Dutton, 

Ont. Miss  E.  T.  DeBeauregard,B.A., 

is  a  teacher  in  Philadelphia. W.  N.. 

Bell,  B.A.  is  the  Principal  of  the  High 

School  at  Paris,  Ont. H.  P.  Biggar, 

B.A.,  is  carrying  on  original  work. 
and  engaged  in  historical  research  in. 
Europe;  his  headquarters  are  Paris, 

France. J.T.Blyth,  B.A.,   is  residing 

at  593  McLaren  St.,  Ottawa,  Ont. A. 

A.Bond,  B.A.,  is  a  barrister  in  Toronto. 

— W.  M.  Boultbee,  B.A.,  LL.B.,  '95,  is 
a  barrister  residing  at  27  Crescent 

Road,  Toronto. H.  W.  Brown,  B.A., 

is  a  teacher  in  Seaforth,  Ont. J.  J. 

Brown,  B.A.,  is  a  Presbyterian  clergy- 
man in  Bothwell,  Ont. J.  H.  Brown, 

B.A.,    M.A.   '95,   LL.B.   '95    (Ob.) E. 

W.  Bruce,  B.A.,  M.A.  '97,  is  a  teacher 
in  Huron  Street  School,  and  resides 

at  246  Borden  St.,  Toronto. W.  H. 

Burns,  B.A.,  is  a  bank  clerk,  and  re- 
sides at  222  Simcoe  St.,  Toronto. 

Rev.  W.  McKee  Burton,  B.A.,  is  a  Pres- 
byterian clergyman  in  Langley,  B.C. 

— Rev.  D.  L.  Campbell,  B.A.,  is  a 
Presbyterian  clergyman  in  Dromore, 
Ont. A.  A.  Carpenter,  B.A.,  is  a  bar- 


TORONTONENSIA. 


119 


rister  in  Beeton.  Ont. M.  A.  Chrys- 
ler, B.A.,  is  taking  post-graduate  work 
in    Chicago    University,    Chicago,    111. 
— J.  H.  Clary,  B.A.,  is  a  barrister  in 

Sudbury.Ont. Miss  E.M.Cluff,B.A.,  is 

a  teacher  and  resides  at  251  Lyon  St., 

Ottawa. -J.K.Colling,B.A.,isa  teachci 

in  Collingwood,  Ont. Miss  M.  Cook, 

B.A.,  M.A.  '99,  is  a  teacher  in  Strath- 

roy,   Ont. R.   D.   Coutts,  B.A.,   is  a 

teacher  in  Georgetown,  Ont. B.    A 

C.  Craig,  B.A.,  is  living  at  139  Beverley 
St.,  Toronto,  and  is  head  of  the  Can- 
ada Corundum  Company. Miss  M. 

Craig,   B.A.,  is  a  teacher  and  resides 

at  161  West  106th  St.,  New  York. 

G.  L.  Cram,  B.A.,  lives  at  52  N.  128th 

St.,  New  York.N.Y. A.W.Craw,B.A., 

is  a  Presbyterian  clergyman  in  Wark- 

worth,   Ont. Mrs.   John  Hutcheson, 

B.A.    (Miss  B.  Cross)    (Ob.). P.   W. 

Currie,  B.A.,  is  a  teacher  at  Niagara 
Falls.— Miss  N.  DeCow.B.A.,  resides  at 

Leamington.Ont. R.W.Dickie.B.A.  is 

a  Presbyterian  clergyman  in  Orange- 

ville.Ont. G.E.Dunbar,B.A.,  is  in  the 

Land   Security  Company,   and   resides 

in  Deer  Park,   Ont. -u.   M.   Duncan, 

B.A.,  is  a  teacher  in  Collegiate  Insti- 
tute, and  resides  at  130  Edmonton  St., 

Winnipeg,  Man. A.  A.  Dundas,  B.A., 

is  a  teacher  in  Meaford,  Ont. F.  H. 

Frost,  B.A.,  is  a  teacher  in  Bowman- 

ville,  Ont. J.   H.  Fraser,  B.A.,  is  a 

medical  student  in  Winnipeg,  Man. — 
F.   DeWitt  Fry,    B.A.,    is   at   the   Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania,  Philadelphia, 

Pa. W.    A.     Gilmour,    B.A.,    LL.B. 

'95,  studied  law  at  the  Ontario 
Law  School,  and  was  called  to  the  .bar 
of  this  Province  in  1897.  He  went  to 
British  Columbia,  was  admitted  to  the 
Bar  there,  and  entered  into  practice 
at  Victoria  in  partnership  wita  Sir 
Charles  Hibbert  Tupper.  He  was  mar- 
ried in  June  of  last  year  and  died  on 
July  14th,  auer  an  illness  of  only  a 

few  hours. F.   B.   Goodwillie,  B.A., 

is  a  barrister  in  Georgetown,  Ont. 

Miss  J.  Grant,  B.A.,  is  residing  at  St. 

Mary's,  Ont. J.  C.   Hamilton,  B.A., 

is  a  barrister  at  Listowel,  Ont. Miss 

L.   M.   Hamilton,   B.A.,  resides  at  202 

Jarvis  St.,  Toronto. B.C.H.  Harvey, 

B.A.,  M.B.,  is  a  physician  at  Chicago 

University,     Chicago,     111.    V.     J. 

Hughes,  B.A.,  LL.B.  95,  is  secretary 
for  National  Trust  Co.,  Montreal,  Que. 

D.  D.  James,  B.A.,  is  chief  engineer 

of  the  Algoma  Central  Railway, 
Sault  Ste.  Marie,  Ont. W.  E.  James, 


B.A.     (Ob.). Miss     C.     E.     Jeffrey 

(Mrs.  Matheson),  B.A.,  resides  at  2711 

St.  Catherine  St.,  Montreal,  Que. C. 

W.  Kappele,  B.A.,  is  a  barrister  at  2 

Leader  Lane,  Toronto. H.  T.  Kerr, 

B.A.,  ,M.A.   '95,  resides   au  Alleghany, 

Pa- F.     B.     Kenrick     B.A.,     Ph.D., 

M.A.'Ol,  is  Demonstrator  in  Cnemistry, 

University,  of  Toronto,  Toronto W. 

J.  Knox,  B.A.,  M.A.  '95,  is  a  Presby- 
terian minister,  and  resides  in  Strath- 

roy,  Ont. W.  M.  Lash,  B.A.,  LL.B. 

'95,  is  a  barrister,  and  resides  at  23 
Grenville  St.,  Toronto. E.  F.  Lang- 
ley,  B.A.,  is  Professor  of  Modern  Lan- 
guages at  Dartmouth  College1,  Han- 
over.  Miss  E.  M.  Lawson,  B.A.,  is  a 

teacher     at     St.     Margaret's     College, 

Toronto. C.   A.   K.   Lehmann,   B.A., 

is  a  teacher  in  Jarvis  St.  Collegiate 
Institute,  and  resides  at  117  Pembroke 

St.,   Toronto. G.    H.   Levy,   B.A.,   is 

a  barrister,  and  resides  in  Hamilton, 

Ont. W.  E.  Lingelbach,  B.A.,  is  an 

instructor  in  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania, Philadelphia. H.  A.  Little, 

B.A.,    is    a    barrister    in    Woodstock, 

Ont. Miss   L.    I.    Livingstone,   B.A., 

is  a  teacher,  and  resides  at  373  Huron 

St.,    Toronto. G.    A.    Lucas,    B.A., 

resides  at  62  Teraulay  St.,  Toronto. 
Miss  F.  M.  Lye  (Mrs.  A.  Black- 
more),  B.A.,  resides  in  London, 

Eng. R.   ni.   Manning,  B.A.,  resides 

at   Clinton,    Ont. W.    F.    Mayburry, 

B.A.,M.B.'97,is  a  physician,  199  mdeau 

St.,  Ottawa,  Ont. Miss  M.  B.  Miller 

(i»xrs.   Morley  Peart),  B.A.,  resides  at 

Eden  Grove,  Ont. W.H.Moore,  B.A., 

is  a  barrister,  and  resides  in  Kosedale, 

Toronto. C.  A.  Moss,  B.A.,LL.B.'95, 

is   a   barrister,   and   resides   at   65   St. 

Patrick     St.,     Toronto. J.     McCaig, 

B.A.,M.A.  '97,  is  principal  of  High  and 
Public  Schools  of  Lethbridge,  Alta. 
— J.McCrae,  B.A.,M.B.'98,  is  a  physi- 
cian at  General  Hospital,  Montreal. 
S.J.McLean,  B.A.,  LL.B.  '95,  is  pro- 
fessor of  Economics  at  Stanford 

University,     Cal. D.     McLennan, 

B.A.,  is  on  the  staff  of  the  Civil  Ser- 
vice, and  lives  at  54  Bank  St.,  Ottawa, 

Ont. K.  D.  W.  MacMillan,  B.A.,  is 

a,    lecturer    at    Princeton    University, 

N.J. A.   W.   McPherson,   B.A.,   is   a 

teacher  in  Peterborough,  Ont. W.  E. 

Macpherson,   B.A.,    is   a   teacher,   and 

resides  at  310  Huron  St., Toronto R. 

Nichol,-  B.A.,  M.B.  '97,  is  a  physician  in 

Cornwall,  Ont. C.  Nivins,  B.A.,  is  a 

teacher  at   Prince   Albert,   N.W.T. 


120 


UNIVEESITY  OF  TOKONTO  MONTHLY. 


W.   H.  Pease,  B.A.    (Ob.).  J.  L». 

Phillips,   B.A.    (Ob.). J.   O.   Quantz, 

B.A.,  Ph.D.  '97  (Wis.),  is  profes- 
sor of  Psychology  ana  Pedagogy  at 
Wisconsin  State  Normal  School,  Osh- 

kosh,  Wis. E.  E.  Reid,  B.A.,  is  an 

actuary  on  Maitland  St.,  London,  Ont. 

1>.  G.  Revell,  B.A.,  M.B.  '00,  is  a 

fenow  at  University  of  Chicago,  Chi- 
cago, 111. T.  H.  R.  Roberts,B.B.,  is  a 

C.  M.    Robertson  (Miss   Davidson),  B.A., 

teacher  at  Rat  Portage,Ont. Miss  C. 

resides  at  62  Admiral  Road,  City. 

Miss  M.L.Robertson,B.A.,  is  a  teacher 
at  Barnard  College,  N.Y. F.  D.  Rox- 
burgh, B.A.,  M.A.  '97,  is  a  Presbyterian 

clergyman  at  Smithville. G.  Royce, 

B.A.,  M.B.  '97,  is  a  physician  in  Ottawa, 

Ont. G.     W.     Rudlen,     B.A.,    is    a 

teacher  at  Arnprior,  Ont. H.  J.  Sis- 
sons,  B.A.,  is  a  barrister  at  Fort 

Frances,  Ont. Miss  K.  C.  Skinner, 

B.A.,  is  a  teacher  at  Guelph,  Ont. 

J.  F.  Snell,  B.A.,  is  instructor  in  chem- 
istry at  the  University  of  Cincinnati, 
.and  resides  at  103  St.  Clair  St., 

Cincinnati,     Ohio. C.     C.     Stewart, 

B.A.,  is  a  demonra^ttor  in  the  Uni- 
vetsity  of  Pennsylvania,  Philadelphia. 

'- S.  G.  Stone,  B.A.,  is  a  teacher  in 

Seaforth,    Ont. Rev.    D.   W.    Terry, 

B.A.,  is  a  Baptist  clergyman  in  Barns- 
ton,  Que. J.  F.  Thompson,  B.A.,  is 

a  teacher  in  Simcoe,   Ont. Miss  E. 

Topping,  B.A.  (Ob.). W.  C.  Trotter, 

B.A.,  is  a  dentist  at  412  Bloor  St.  W., 

Toronto. O.   K.  Watson,  B.A.,   is  a 

barrister  at  Ridgetown,  Ont. J.   D. 

Webster,  B.A.,  M.B.  '98,  is  a  physician, 

and  resides  in  East  Toronto. Miss 

A.Weir.B.A.,  is  a  teacher  in  Port  Hope, 

Ont. R.  Whyte,  B.A.,  is  a  teacher  in 

Deseronto,  Ont. S.  M.  Wickett,  B.A., 

is  Lecturer  in  Political  Economy  in 
the  University  of  Toronto,  and  resides 

at   124   Isabella   St.,    Toronto. Mis^ 

L.  A.  Wigle,  B.A.,  is  a  missionary,  and 
resides  at  Can.  Methodist  Mission,  To- 

kio,  Japan. Miss  A.M.  Wilson,  B.A., 

is  a  teacher  in  Havergal  College,  Win- 
nipeg, Man. G.  B.  Wilson,  B.A., 

M.A.  '95,  LL.B.  '95,  is  a  Presbyterian 

clergyman  in  Winnipeg,  Man. S.  B. 

Woods,  B.A.,  LL.B.  '95,  is  a  barrister 
at  30  Victoria  St.,  City. 

'  The1  addresses  of  the  following  are 
unknown: 

R.  F.  Andrews,  B.A. F.  E.  Bige- 

iow,  B.A. W.H.Gillespie,  B.A. S. 


Gould,  B.A. J.  R.  Graham,  B.A. 

E.  S.  Harrison,  B.A. -W.  B.  L  How- 
ell,   B.A. G.  A.   Lindsay,  B.A. J. 

A.  Martin,  B.A. W.  G.  MacCallum, 

B.^.. D.   Me.  McKay,  B.A. H.  R. 

A.    O'Malley,   B.A.,    M.A.    '95. J.    F. 


Rau,    B.A.,    Normal    School.- 
Weaver,  B.A.,  M.A.   '96. 


-R.    L. 


Graduates  in  Medicine. 

The  addresses  of  the  following  are 
unknown: 

1887. 

Campbell,     M.D. George 

Dryden,     M.B.  Angus 

M.D.  George    Stewart, 


Jerrold 
Frederick 
Kennedy, 
B.A.,  M.D. 


-G.  S.  Stockton,  M.D.- 
Henry Westlake,  B.A.,  ,M.D. 
1888. 

G.    Bull,    M.D. W.    R.    S.    George, 

M.D. David  Henry  Piper,  M.D.— 

P.    W.    Thomson,    M.D. J.    Tyrell, 

M.D. 

1889. 

Stuart  Bates,  M.D. Fred  Cunning- 
ham, M.D. Joan  B.  Guthrie,  M.D. 

Charles  D.  Lockyer,  M.D. Hugh 

Angus  McColl,  M.B. Robert  McDon- 
ald, M.D. Wm.  A.  McPherson,  M.D. 

John  Noble,  M.D.  -    -  Frederick 

Preiss,    M.D. Thomas    N.    Rogers, 

M.D. George  Whiteman,  M.D. 

1890. 

A.  C.  Aylesworth,  M.B. A.  G.  Aid- 
wick,  M.D.  -  -  George  T.  Bigelow, 
M.B. H,  H.  Gray,  M.D. Albert 


Machell,    M.B: 

McFarlane,    M.B. 

M.D. Charles    Emeric 


Matthew    Tnomas 
Richard    Rowan, 
Vmal,    M.B. 


A.  J.  Watt,  M.D. 

1891. 

D.     B.     Alexander,     M.D. Walter 

Ross  Hunter,  M.B. Dewitt  C.  Jones, 

jM.D. John      Stewart      McCullough, 

M.B. A.   J.   L.   McKenzie,   M.D.— 

Duncan     McLean,     M.B.  -    -  Micliael 
Sweeney,  M.D. 

1892. 

W.    C.    Belt,    M.D.,    C.M. E.    O. 

Bingham,   M.D.,   C.M. A.   (M.   Cleg- 
horn,    M.D.,    C.M. John    Dargavel, 

M.B.,  M.D.,  C.M. Arthur  Flath,  M. 

D.,  C.M.— John  McFadgen,  M.D.,  C. 

|M. -John   Alexander   McLeay,   M.D. 

J.  J.  Roach,  M.D.,  C.M. Joseph 

John  Williams,  M.D.,  C.M.,  M.B.  '93. 


TORONTONENSIA. 


Graduates  in  Arts,  Victoria. 

1868. 

E.  I.  Badgley,  M.A.,  '72,  LL.B.,  '76, 
LL.D.,  '78,  is  professor  of  Philosophy 
at  Victoria  University,  and  lives  at 

98  Avenue  Road,  Toronto.  J.  H. 

Bell,  M.A.  '69,  is  living  in  Charlotte- 
town,  P.E.I. Henry  Bleecker,  B.A., 

is  living  at  Winnipeg,  Man.  -  -  Ed- 
ward S.  Charlton,  B.A.,  is  living  at 

Ilderton. Jonathan  B.  Dixon,  B.A., 

is  a  barrister,  living  at  54  Devonshire 

St.,    Boston,   Mass.,    U.S.A. Bidwell 

Lane,  |M.A.,  '77  (Ob.). James  Mills, 

M.A.,  '71,  is  President  of  the  Ontario 

Agricultural  College,  Guelph,  Ont. 

Thomas  E.  Morden,  B.A.,  is  living  on 
Ellice    Avenue,    Winnipeg,    Man.  — 
William    Morley    Punshon,    M.A.,    '68, 

LL.D.,  '72  (Ob.). James  Roy,  M.A., 

'71,  LL.B.,  is  a  Methodist  clergyman 
at  Lewiston,  N.Y. William  H.  Row- 
son,  B.A.,  '68,  is  living  at  Burlington, 
Ont. John  Scott,  M.A.,  '77,  is  Super- 
intendent of  Methodist  Missions,  To- 
kyo, Japan. Henry  H.  Shaler,  B.A., 

is  living  at  2737  S.Washington  Avenue, 

Saginaw,    Mich. G.    R.    Shepard, 

B.A.    (Ob.). William   Wilkinson, 

M.A.,  '71,  is  living  at  Brantford,  Ont. 

The  addresses  of  the  following  are 
unknown: 

1863. 
Henry  H.  Hutton,  M.A. 

1864. 
Reginald  Herbert  Starr,  M.A.,  '67. 

1865. 
William  Mackie,  M.A. 

1866. 

Theophilus1    Hartley,    M.A.,    '80. — 
Samuel  Wallace,  B.A. 

1867. 
Ira  De  La  Matter,  B.A. 

1868. 
James  E.  Blair,  B.A. 


Personals. 

S.  L.  Hughes,  M.D.  '66,  died  in  Ber- 
lin, Ont.,  in  1874. 

Gabriel  Lount,  M.D.  '67,  died  in  Nor- 
wich, Ont.,  about  1881. 


Mrs.  Secord  (Miss  A.  K.  Kerr,  B.A^ 
'95),  is  living  in  Ingersoll,  Ont. 

J.  W.  Cunningham,  B.A.  '02,  is  in 
Souris,  Man. 

W.  H.  Hamilton,  B.A.  '02,  is  with  the 
Kemp  Manufacturing  Co.,  Toronto. 

W.  J.  Healy,  B.A.  '90,  the  editor  of 
the  "  Manitoba  Free  Press,"  resides  at 
Fort  Rouge,  Winnipeg. 

T.  H.  Lawrence,  M.B.  '98,  formerly 
of  Mapini,  is  now  in  La  Ojuela,  Du- 
rango,  Mexico. 

Alfred  D.  Williams,  M.B.  '70,  is  su- 
perintendent of  the  Colonial  Hospital 
at  Tuschen,  British  Guiana. 

Jas.  Gilmour  Head,  M.B.  '79,  M.D. 
'88,  died  some  years  ago  in  Denver.^ 
Colorado. 

Oskar  Klotz,  M.B.  '02,  is  senior  house 
surgeon  in  the  Co.  Carleton  General 
Hospital,  Ottawa,  Ont. 

Miss  L.  M.  Mason,  B.A.  '00,  is  teach- 
ing in  a  Ladies'  College  in  Hamilton, 
Ont. 

W.  C.  Bray,  B.A.  '02,  is  residing  at 
Quer.  Str.,  14  II.,  Pension  Muller, 
Leipzig,  Germany. 

G.  E.  Mackenzie,  M.B.  '02,  is  house 
surgeon  in  the  General  Hospital,  Win- 
nipeg, Man. 

E.  J.  Carson,  B.A.  '02,  has  removed 
from   Charleville,   Ont.,    to   Winnipeg, 
Man. 

W.  H.  Thompson,  B.A.  '00,  is  sci- 
ence master  in  the  high  school,  Goder- 
ich,  Ont. 

R.  N.  Merritt,  B.A.  '98,  who  has  been 
teaching  in  Markham,  has  removed 
to  Goderich,  Ont. 

Miss  H.  S.  Woolverton,  B.A.  '99,  is 
a  nurse  in  St.  Luke's  Hospital,  New 
York. 

J.  MacLean,  B.A.  '02,  is  a  teacher  in 
the  high  school,  and  resides  at  329^ 
Cory  Ave.,  Waukegan,  111. 

Miss  M.  I.  Northway,  B.A.  '98,  is 
a  lecturer  in  physics  in  Smith  College,. 
Northampton,  Mass. 

Jesse  Bradford,  B.A.  '99,  is  a  barris- 
ter and  a  member  of  the  law  ttrm  of 
Browning  &  Senkler,  North  Bay,  Ont. 

F.  R.   Smith,  B.A.   '99,  is  taking  a 
course  in  the  School  of  Practical  Sci- 
ence, Toronto. 

G.  E.  Mabee,  B.A.  '93,  has  removed 
from  Roswell,  New  Mexico,  to  Court- 
land,  Ont. 

Eric  N.  Armour,  B.A.  '99,  barrister, 
is  a  member  of  the  law  firm  of  Bristol, 
Bayly  and  Armour,  Toronto. 


122 


UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY. 


H.  W.  Irwin,  B.A.  '01,  is  teacher  ot 
moderns  in  the  high  school,  Ganano- 
que,  Ont. 

R.  J.  Hamilton,  B.A.  '02,  is-  an  agent 
oi  the  Equitable  Life  Assurance  L/o. 
in  Toronto. 

Rev.  M.  Takagi,  B.D.  '98,  is  editor  of 
the  "  Gokyo,"  the  organ  of  all  the 
Methodist  Churches  in  Japan. 

M.  O.  Klotz,  M.B.  '95,  has  been  elect- 
ed to  the  Ontario  Council  of  Physi- 
cians and  Surgeons  as  one  of  the  re- 
presentatives of  the  Ottawa  district. 

W.  G.  Miller,  B.A.  '90,  M.A.  '97,  late 
professor  of  Geology  at  the  School  of 
Mining,  Kingston,  Ont.,  is  residing  at 
20  Rowland  Ave.,  Toronto. 

Rev.  E.  A.  Henry,  B.A.  '93,  formerly 
of  Brandon,  jMan.,  was  inducted  into 
the  pastorate  of  Knox  Church,  Ham- 
ilton, Ont.,  December  30th. 

C.  I.  Gould,  B.A.  '02,  is  bookkeeper 
and  assistant  cashier  for  the  Conti- 
nental Biscuit  Co.,  Cedar  Rapids, 
Mich. 

Rev.  A.  L.  Budge,  B.A.  '93,  M.A. 
'95,  formerly  of  Mandamin,  is  now 
pastor  of  the  Presbyterian  church  in 
Hanover,  Ont. 

R.  J.  Wilson,  B.A.  '00,  M.A.  '01,  has 
been  temporarily  occupying  the  pulpit 
of  the  Rev.  Dr.  ,McLaren,  Vancouver, 
B.C. 

Rev.  E.  A.  Wicher,  B.A.  '95,  M.A. 
'96,  Presyterian  minister  in  Claude, 
Ont.,  has  resigned  his  charge  in  order 
to  take  up  mission  work  in  Japan. 

W.  H.  Schofield,  B.A.  '89,  Ph.D. 
(Harvard),  has  been  appointed  to  a 
professorship  in  English  at  Harvard 
University,  Cambridge,  Mass. 

J.  A.  Martin,  B.A.  '02,  is  employed 
by  the  Canada  Cycle  an'd  Motor  Com- 
pany at  Toronto  Junction,  and  resides 
at  14  Grenville  Street,  Toronto. 

Rev.  Andrew  Henderson,  B.A.  '81, 
M.A.  '82,  late  of  ,Magnetawan,  Ont.,  is 
now  pastor  of  the  Presbyterian  church 
at  Brandon,  Man. 

T.  H.  A.  Begue,  LL.B.  '63,  K.C.,  Dun- 
das,  Ont,  has  been  appointed  Deputy 
Clerk  of  the  Crown,  Clerk  of  the 
County  Court  and  Registrar  of  Surro- 
gate. 

Miss  Julia  S.  Cowan,  B.A.  '95,  who 
was  assistant  editor  of  the  "  Westmin- 
ster "  for  three  years  after  graduation. 
has  given  up  journalism,  and  resides 
at  Kurfiirstrasse  48,  Berlin,  Germany. 
Rev.  W.  W.  Craw,  B.A.  '89,  Ph.D., 


late  of  Thorndale,  was  inducted  on  the 
20th  November  into  Haynes  Avenue 
Church,  St.  Catharines,  Ont.,  made 
vacant  by  the  resignation  of  Rev.  J. 
Lovell  Murray,  B.A.  '95,  M.A.  '97. 

Rev.  Alex.  Jardine  Hunter,  B.A.  '91, 
M.B.  '95,  has  been  appointed  by  the 
Home  Mission  Board  of  the  Presby- 
terian Church  as  medical  missionary 
among  the  Galicians  of  the  Pleasant 
Home  district,  N.W.T. 

F.  F.  Manley,  B.A.  '74,  M.A.  '75, 
principal  of  the  Jarvis  Street  collegiate 
institute,  Toronto,  has  received  leave 
of  absence  owing  to  ill-health,  and 
R.  A.  Gray,  B.A.  '84,  is  acting  princi- 
pal in  the  interval. 

Maynard  M.  Hart,  B.A.  '93,  M.A.  '99, 
who  has  been  in  charge  of  the  classical 
department,  Stanstead  College,  Stan- 
stead,  Que.,  for  some  time,  is  now 
taking  post-graduate  work  at  the 
Johns  Hopkins  University,  Baltimore, 
Md. 

A  debating  union  has  been  organized 
by  the  Women's  Literary  Societies  of 
McMaster  University,  St.  Hilda's  Col- 
lege (Trinity),  University  College  and 
Victoria  College.  The  officers  are: 
President,  Miss  Weeks,  Victoria;  vice- 
president,  Miss  Wilson,  St.  Hilda's  ; 
secretary-treasurer,  Miss  Wallace  ; 
executive,  McMaster,  Miss  Elliott,  Miss 
Wallace;  St.  Hilda's,  ,Miss  Wilson,  Miss 
Fessenden  ;  University,  Miss .  jjavis, 
Miss  Johnson;  Victoria,  Miss  Weeks, 
Miss  Van  Alstyne. 

The  graduates  of  Victoria  Univer- 
sity have  elected  the  following  by  ac- 
clamation as  their  representatives  on 
the  Senate  of  Victoria  University  for 
the  next  four  years:  Vice-Chancellor, 
Hon.  William  Kerr,  B.A.  '55,  M.A.  '58, 
K.C.,  LL.D.  '87,  Cobourg,  Ont.  Re- 
presentatives to  the  Senate:  Arts— F. 
C.  Colbeck,  B.A.  '85,  Toronto  Junction; 
L.  A.  Kennedy,  B.A.  '81,  M.A.  '&&;  C. 
W.  Kerr,  B.A.  '87;  G.  B.  Sparling, 
B.A.  '76,  M.A.  '79;  J.  W.  St.  John, 
B.A.  '81,  M.A.  '84,  M.P.P.,  Toronto.  Law 
— E.  B.  Ryckman,  B.A.  '87,  M.A.  '89, 
LLB.  '90,  Toronto.  Theology — Kev. 
A.  B.  Chambers,  LL.B.  '82,  D.D.,  To- 
ronto. Medicine — F.  Newton  Gisborne 
Starr,  M.D.,  C.M.  '89,  Toronto. 


Deaths. 

Dickson— Jas.    R.    Dicksbn,    D.D.S,, 
died  recently  at  Boulder,  Col. 


W.    H.   PIKE,   M.A.,   PH.D. 

PROFESSOR  OF  CHEMISTRY,  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO 
1879-1899 


THE 

UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

VOL.  III.  FEBRUARY,  1903.  No.  5, 

TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 

PACK  PAGff 

The  Con-vocation  Hall  Fund     .     .     .   123        Torontonensia       ...  .     .  141 

W.  H.  Pike,  M.  A.,  Ph.D.     E^J.A.  Alumni  at  the  University  of  Penri- 

Cooper,  B.A.,  LL.B 124  sylvania 142 

John  Gilpin,  Alderman  and   Eques-  Reminiscences  of  Ckss  of '57  . 

^, ,;.,,,      v,,  T^/,!,  JI-T^/T,.™  .  D    t      if  n    i nx         r\cnai>sanct    ^n  JP  ranc6  .      .      .          144 

144 
144 
145 
145 
145 
145 
146 
146 

i^i\^*Aj.t       tu  n  i        i/nc;        \_y  ill  V  ClOlLICD.          J-flf  l-»£n»ori»io  la  1  A^ 

LewdlysF.  Barker,  M.B.   .     .     .  134        £>K^ 


trian.    ByJohntScCTae,B.A;tM.B.  125         'r  lcVr    •.    • 

'  American  Association  Meeting 


Some  Impressions  of  the  West.    By  .S.  The  Harmonic  Club 

M,;iey  Wickett,  B.A.,  Ph.D.  .     .  127        The  Saturday  Lectures  ! 
Music  in  the  Un  versity  of  Toronto.  Alumni  Publications 


By  F.   U.   Torrinyton,  Mus.  Doc.  131         University  Sermons . 


The  New  Medical  Buildings.  Bi/  A .  B.  Graduates  in  Arts,  Class  of  1879 

Macallum,  B.A.,  M.B.,  Ph.D.      .133  Graduates  in  Arts,  Victoria     . 

,r    ,.  •  ,    ,,       TT    .         .  .  Graduates  in  Medicine,  1897 

Medicine   and    the   Universities.     By  -p,™ 


THE  CON  VOCATION  HALL  FUND. 

IT  is  now  a  year  since  the  project  of  building  a  Convocation  Hallr 
to  be  presented  to  the  trustees  by  the  graduates  and  friends 
of  the  University,  first  assumed  shape.  As  a  result  of  a  prelim- 
inary canvass,  about  $16,000  has  been  subscribed.  Of  this  sum, 
nearly  $10,000  is  contributed  by  members  of  the  different  facul- 
ties of  the  University,  and  two  subscriptions  of  $1,000  each  have 
been  received  from  two  business  men  in  sympathy  with  the 
movement. 

In  December  last,  the  executive  committee  of  the  Alumni 
Association  appointed  a  special  sub-committee  to  give  attention  to 
the  collection  of  this  fund,  and  Mr.  W.  A.  Sadler,  B.A.,  LL.B., 
was  appointed  secretary. '  Mr.  Sadler  is  now  conducting  a  canvas- 
of  the  graduates  through  the  class  organizations  and  local  branches 
of  the  Association,  and  is  meeting  with  encouraging  success. 

Many  graduates  who  have  expressed  their  interest  in  the  scheme 
and  their  .willingness  to  contribute  to  the  fund,  have  not  yet  sent 
in  their  subscription  forms.  The  trustees  will  require  definite 
subscriptions  to  the  extent  of  $50,000  before  the  erection  will  be 
undertaken,  and  consequently  the  receipt  of  a  signed  form,  simi- 
lar to  the  one  printed  in  this  issue,  page  vi.,  will  be  of  great 
assistance  to  the  committee.  It  will  be  observed  that  subscriptions 


124  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

are  payable  in  two  instalments,  and  that  no  payment  is  to  be  made 
except  upon  the  condition  that  $50,000  is  subscribed. 

In  order  that  the  project  may  be  brought  to  a  conclusion,  and 
final  action  taken,  it  is  earnestly  requested  that  each  graduate 
should  give  the  whole  subject  his  early  consideration,  decide  upon 
the  amount  he  is  willing  to  give,  and  send  in  his  subscription  form 
as  soon  as  possible.  The  great  fact  should  not  be  overlooked  that 
a  principal  object  of  this  movement,  is  to  cement  our  10,000 
graduates  in  the  several  faculties  together  in  some  common  under- 
taking, which  will  stand  as  a  worthy  memorial  of  their  love  to 
Alma  Mater. 

J.  C.  McLennan,  Secretary. 


PROFESSOE  WILLIAM  HEKBEET  PIKE,  M.A.,  Ph.D. 

BY  J.  A.  COOPER,  B.A.,  LL.B. 

T  N  1879  Professor  Pike  took  up  the  work  which  Professor  Croft 
J-  had  carried  on  for  thirty-seven  years.  He  brought 
the  department  of  chemistry  at  once  into  touch  with 
the  most  recent  thought  and  methods  abroad,  and  by  rear- 
ranging the  laboratories  and  lecture  rooms,  he  worked  in  a 
superior  manner  to  accomplish  what  he  thought  he  should  accom- 
plish in  keeping  the  chemistry  department  equal  to  the  other 
departments  in  the  University  of  Toronto.  He  drove  everything 
before  him,  winning  his  victories  at  the  point  of  the  bayonet.  He, 
though  sometimes  brusque  in  manner,  in  the  end  gained  the  affec- 
tion of  his  students,  the  respect  of  those  intimately  connected  with 
him,  and  a  new,  commodious  and  dignified  chemistry  building. 
That  he  was  able  to  inspire  men  with  a  love  for  chemistry  is  appar- 
ently proved  by  the  excellent  work  done  by  some  of  his  students: 
Parks,  Smale,  Addison,  Allen,  the  two  Chambers,  the  two  Millers 
and  a  number  of  others. 

I  remember  well  sitting  in  his  lecture-room  along  in  the  early 
nineties  and  feeling  sorry  for  the  assistants  who  were  vainly 
endeavouring  to  make  the  lecture  demonstrations  go  properly. 
If  anything  went  wrong  they  were  very  sharply  spoken  to,  while 
the  rest  of  us  held  our  breath  in  wonder,  or  kept  our  anger  and 
oaths  in  leash.  Yet  after  that  lecture  was  over  he  would  stav 
there  for  an  hour  with  a  half  a  dozen  of  us  dullards  and  go  over  and 
over  again  the  difficult  points,  patiently  clarifying  everything. 
His  latch-string  was  always  out  when  he  was  not  in  the  lecture 
room,  and  no  student  ever  sought  his  advice  or  assistance  without 
reward;  none  ever  performed  a  bit  of  original  work  without  being 
^highly  commended. 


PROFESSOR  WILLIAM  HERBERT  PIKE.  125 

In  ordinary  life  he  would  be  called  a  crusty  bachelor  with  a 
large  heart.  In  professional  life  he  was  labelled  "  a  remarkable 
man."  , 

Professor  Pike  preferred  to  spend  his  leisure  in  mechani- 
cal rather  than  chemical  experiments.  His  chief  delight  was  not 
in  working  out  intricate  and  hypothetical  theories  for  other  men 
to  disprove,  or  in  setting  forth  in  ponderous  language  experiments 
which  may  or  may  not  have  been  performed.  Rather,  he  de- 
lighted in  making  apparatus  and  machinery,  and  the  new  chemis- 
try building  which  he  planned  and  the  erection  and  fitting  of 
which  he  superintended,  contain  many  mementos  of  his  industry 
and  ingenuity. 

He  was  more  of  a  mechanic  than  a  philosopher.  In  later  years 
he  spent  his  spare  hours  in  a  workshop  fitted  with  the  finest  lathe 
and  milling  machine  which  he  could  secure,  and  here  he  wrought 
wonders  in  brass  and  iron. 

His  peculiar  aristocratic  and  masterful  nature  is  seen  in  his  love 
of  hunting.  This  was  a  family  love — for  did  not  his  cousin  War- 
burton  Pike  take  a  canoe  journey  from  Fort  Wrangle  to  the  Pelly 
Lakes  and  down  the  Yukon  River  to  the  Behring  -Sea,  giving  us 
two  valuable  volumes  of  experiences  ? 

When  Professor  Pike  found  that  owing  to  an  explosion  which 
forced  a  piece  of  glass  into  his  right  eye,  he  must  hereafter  go 
hunting  with  one  eye,  he  was  bitterly  disappointed.  His  yearly 
visits  to  Labrador  or  Newfoundland  were  very  dear  to  him  and  he 
refused  to  give  them  up.  He  had  a  special  hunting-rifle  made 
with  sights  suiting  a  one-eyed  man,  and  with  this  continued  to 
satisfy  his  hunger  for  adventure  and  sport. 

It  is  unnecessary  to  say  that  Professor  Pike  was  an  Englishman; 
that  he  was  a  product  of  the  English  school  was  stamped  in  every 
movement,  every  sentence,  every  thought.  Gottingen  gave  him 
his  Ph.D.,  and  he  benefited  by  his  work  in  Hofmann's  laboratory 
in  Berlin.  He  has  now  returned  to  his  native  land  to  spend  his 
declining  years  with  his  workshop,  his  motor-car  and  his  beloved 
gun.  It  is  doubtful  if  he  ever  felt  contented  with  either  social 
or  professional  life  as  he  found  it  in  Canada,  though  he  gave  to 
Canadian  education  the  best  years  and  best  efforts  of  his  life. 


JOHN  GILPIN,  ALDERMAN  AND  EQUESTRIAN. 

BY  JOHN  McORAE,  B.A.,  M.R 
Pathologist  to  the  Montreal   General   Hospital. 

T^HRICE  blessed  a  thing  would  it  be  to  sit  down  in  Valhalla 
among  the  mead-drinking  Norsemen,  and  hear  at  first  hand 
tales  of  sea-fights  and  warrior  wooings;  but  if  there  be  a  corner  in 


126  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

the  banquet  halls  of  heaven  where  the  mirth-makers  congregate,  it 
would  be  the  best  of  all.  Who  would  sit  at  the  head  of  that  table, 
I  wonder?  Really,  since  you  ask,  it  would  have  to  be  a  Round 
Table;  on  second  thoughts,  a  round  table  with  an  extension  "  below 
the  salt" — for  below  the  salt  must  sit  some  reputed  wits  who 
waxed  high  in  jest  books,  but  who  laboured  to  that  end;  and  led 
up  to  a  place  of  honour  at  the  round  table  would  be  certain  obscure 
men,  clad  in  homespun,  who  wrought  upon  earth  in  the  furrows, 
and  said  things  that  travelled  as  far  as  the  village  tap-room.  It 
is  not  irreverent  to  think  that  good  wits,  like  good  doers,  will  live 
in  heaven,  and  will  not  have  forgotten  the  quality  of  mirth;  it  is 
even  allowable  to  imagine  that  round  the  table,  leavening  the  too- 
sombre  spirits  of  their  creators,  will  sit  certain  of  the  product  of 
their  wit — that  side  by  side  with  Cervantes  will  sit  Sancho  Panza, 
now  no  longer  ill  at  ease  in  the  company  of  the  great;  that  by 
Sterne  will  sit  Uncle  Toby  (one  feels  quite  as  sure  of  Captain 
Shandy's  credentials  as  of  his  clerical  maker);  that  Shakespeare 
will  elbow  Sir  John  Falstaff,  not  so  much  the  brawler  of  the  Boar's 
Head  as  the  "Christom  Child";  perhaps  John  Gilpin  will  be  there! 

These  people  have  lived,  are  of  our  own  flesh  and  blood.  Every- 
one knows  how  in  the  days  of  serial  publication,  the  English  read- 
ing world  hoped  that  Dickens  would  let  little  Nell  live:  how  much 
better  an  example  is  that  of  Shakespeare  setting  right  before  the 
world  the  frail  old  rioter — "  Nay,  sure  he's  not  in  hell!"  Truly, 
he  must  have  been  very  real,  or  the  dramatist  would  scarce  have 
taken  the  pains  to  put  into  the  mouth  of  the  common  Eastcheap 
hostess  those  words  that  carry  the  more  weight  because  they  come 
from  lips  not  over  scrupulous,  words  that  have  left  a  lingering  taste 
of  sweetness  in  the  mouth  of  everyone  to  whom  Ealstai?  is  more 
than  a  name. 

But  what  of  Gilpin?  There  are  men  scattered  through  litera- 
ture who  have  really  lived,  if  contemporary  history  be  truly  con- 
temporary, whose  greatness  has  been  thrust  upon  them.  Cyrano 
de  Bergerac  must  have  owed  his  second  life  to  the  accident  of  a 
euphonious  name,  for  the  true  Cyrano  being  dead,  his  works,  as- 
tronomical and  mathematical,  have  literally  followed  him.  History- 
is  silent  upon  the  many.  "We  care  not  that  Caligula  was  an  em- 
peror, or  Xerxes  a  king;  but  it  would  be  a  satisfaction  to  learn 
that  Commodore  Trunnion  really  did  ride  his  horse  according  to 
the  nautical  almanac,  and  that  Sam  Weller  in  all  truth  and  earnest- 
ness kissed  the  housemaid.  Again,  what  of  Gilpin?  As  in  Arte- 
mus  Ward's  lecture  upon  Africa,  they  who  wait  until  the  end  will 
learn.  If  a  pamphlet  (in  its  third  edition,  printed  in  Paternoster 
Row,  1785)  is  to  be  believed,  the  said  John  Gilpin  was  born  in 


JOHN  GILPIN,  ALDERMAN  AND  EQUESTRIAN.     127 

1729,  had  a  chequered  career,  and  died,  in  the  manner  to  be  pre- 
sently related.  The  pamphlet  is  bound  with  others,  and  lies  be- 
tween u  The  History  of  the  Lives,  Acts  and  Martyrdom  of  those 
Blessed  Christians  who  were  contemporary  with  the  Apostles," 
and  "  A  Gentleman's  Sentiments  upon  a  Pamphlet  Intituled  Some 
Conversations  with  the  Dead."  Despite  its  company,  one  becomes 
suspicious  of  its  verity,  for  on  the  title  page  is  a  certificate  as  to 
its  truth,  signed  by  one  Francis  Gilpin,  who,  methinks,  doth  pro- 
test too  much. 

If  it  were  not  true,  however,  one  is  amazed  that  Francis  should 
consent  to  its  publication,  for  John  Gilpin,  the  train-band  captain, 
appears  to  have  been  all  his  life  a  fool,  and  often  a  knave,  the  butt 
of  his  companions,  and  the  victim  of  his  fellow-revellers.  He  was 
a  foundling,  an  apprentice,  married  his  master's  widow,  became 
a  wealthy  merchant,  rode  his  famous  ride  to  Ware  and  back  again, 
was  sheriff  and  later  alderman  for  Portsoken  Ward,  expected  a 
knighthood  and  failed  therein;  became  greatly  addicted  to  over- 
eating, and  finally  visited  Dulwich  to  his  undoing.  He  was  used 
to  have  a  tankard  of  water  with  a  toast  in  it,  by  his  bed  every 
night;  his  friend,  hospitable  to  a  fault,  had  a  two-quart  jug  of 
punch,  "  very  strong  and  sweet,"  placed  in  its  stead.  Taking  hold 
of  it,  "  between  sleeping  and  waking,  Gilpin  drank  it  all,"  and  in 
the  morning  was  taken  with  a  fever  from  which  he  died.  These 
may  be  facts,  sorrowful  facts,  but  this  was  never  our  John  Gilpin. 
It  matters  little  what  he  was  or  where  he  lived — he  rode  to  Ware. 

Stop !  Stop !  John  Gilpin,  here's  the  house, 

They  all  at  once  did  cry, 
The   dinner  waits,   and  we  are  tired ! 

Said  Gilpin,  "  So  am  I !"       • 


More  thorough  and  purer  humour  literature  has  not. 

My  hat  and  wig  will  soon  be  here, 
They  are  upon  the  road ! 

Bravo,  John  Gilpin  !     Ave  atque  vale  ! 


SOME  IMPRESSIONS  OF  THE  WEST. 

BY   S.   MORLEY  WICKETT,   B.A.,  PH.D. 
Lecturer  in  Economics,    University   of  Toronto. 

WE  have  been  accustomed  to  think  of  Canada  as  length  with- 
out much  breadth.  It  requires  more  than  a  slight  effort  to 
adjust  one's  preconceptions.  Calgary,  we  are  told,  is  too  far  south 
to  be  a  great  centre ;  Edmonton,  eighty  miles  or  more  to  the  north, 
is  much  more  favourably  situated.  The  Canadian  Pacific  Railway 
passes  through  the  Rockies  nearly  two  hundred  miles  north  of  the 


128  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO    MONTHLY 

international  boundary.  The  Canadian  Northern,  it  is  anticipated, 
will  use  the  Yellow  Head  Pass,  about  one  hundred  miles  north  of 
the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway;  while  the  projected  Grand  Trunk 
Pacific,  it  is  said,  will  cross  the  divide  by  the  Pine  River  Pass,  two 
hundred  and  twenty  miles  north  of  the  Yellow  Head.  The  Quebec 
transcontinental  railway  is  spoken  of  as  planning  to  open  up  the 
country  still  farther  north. 

In  estimating  the  importance  of  a  new  trans-Canada  railway 
one  must  remember  that  Manitoba  and  the  Territories  produce  as 
yet  less  than  seventy  million  bushels  of  wheat  yearly,  and  that  ac- 
cording to  the  most  conservative  estimates  this  is  only  a  fraction 
of  their  capacity  when  the  land  is  fully  settled.  Mr.  Hugh 
McKellar,  Deputy  Minister  of  Agriculture  of  Manitoba,  has  made 
a  forecast  of  the  possible  harvests  which  is  worth  studying. 
The  figures  do  not  include  the  Peace  River  country  and  other  un- 
organized sections.  The  total  area  of  Manitoba  and  the  Terri- 
tories is  placed  at  230,823,040  acres,  of  which  75,000,000  is  fit  for 
cultivation,  23,000,000  of  this  being  in  Manitoba.  Taking 
the  harvest  of  1901  as  a  basis,  and  leaving  14  out  of  the  75  million 
for  pasture  and  hay  land,  the  remaining  61  million  acres  would 
total  1,000  million  bushels  of  wheat,  600  million  bushels  of  oats  and 
150  million  bushels  of  barley.  The  present  wheat  crop  of  the 
world  is  somewhat  less  than  3,000  million  bushels.  One  has  to 
recall,  too,  that  a  more  northerly  route  than  the  Canadian  Pacific 
Railway  will  avoid  passing  through  the  fringe  of  semi-arid  country 
between  Moose  Jaw  and  Medicine  Hat,  and  will  further  open  up 
for  Oriental,  South  American  and  Australian  trade  a  most  pro- 
mising dairying  country* 

A  great  improvement  in  the  breed  of  stock  is  already  noticeable, 
and  experiments  in  fruit  growing  and  in  other  departments  have 
been  made.  But  the  west  does  not  think  of  limiting  itself  to  an  agri- 
cultural future.  Its  industrial  prospects  have  received  as  yet  alto- 
gether too  scant  attention.  In  Winnipeg  and  Calgary  large  brewing 
and  pork-packing,  harness  and  saddlery  manufactories  are  already 
found.  In  Brandon  the  first  binder  twine  factory  of  the  west,  with 
a  $60,000  plant,  though  barely  begun,  is  about  to  double  its  capa- 
city. The  coal  and  iron  on  the  eastern  slope  of  the  Rockies  are 
relied  on  for  future  progress  in  due  time.  Of  the  possible  influence 
of  the  Panama  Canal  it  is  too  soon  yet  to  speak.  On  the  far  westr 
however,  it  cannot  well  be  other  than  favorable.  . 

It  is  this  cheering  prospect  for  Canada  in  the  present  and  the 
immediate  future  that  gives  such  confidence  to  Canadian  business 
and  financial  men.  Granted  a  continuance  of  bountiful  harvests 
for  the  next  few  years,  Canada  is  one  of  the  few  countries  of  the 
world  that  need  not  fear  a  serious  relapse  for  some  time  to  come. 


.SOME  IMPRESSIONS  OF  THE  WEST. 


Moreover,  looking  to  the  industrial  balancing  of  this  varied 
country,  which  must  come  in  the  future,  one  feels  confidence  also- 
in  our  permanent  national  prosperity. 

The  westerner  is  nothing  if  he  is  not  hopeful.  He  assures  the 
visitor  that  the  thousands  of  his  "  new  chums  "  will  all  become 
"good  Canucks."  "  United  States  trusts,  he  insists,  are  more 
terrible  to  them  than  monarchy.  Familiarity  with  Canadian  in- 
stitutions and  pride  in  Canadian  development  will  do  the  rest. 

Easterners,  however,  have  not  been  slow  to  censure  western 
journalists  for  lack  of  enterprise  in  pushing  their  circulation  and 
thus  spreading  national  views  and  checking  United  States  advertis- 
ing and  propaganda.  A  pertinent  reply  was  emphasized  to  me  by 
one  of  Winnipeg's  most  capable  editors.  "If  Canadian  manufac- 
turers and  merchants,"  he  urged,  "  will  give  us  as  strong  support 
as  conies  to  United  States  journals  from  United  States  manufac- 
turers, we  will  be  able  to  advance  our  common  interests,  holding 
first  place  against  any  competitors." 

I  was  much  interested  in  learning  of  the  extent  of  United  States 
trade  in  the  west.  Mr.  McDougall,  the  collector  of  customs,  has 
very  kindly  gone  to  the  great  trouble  of  having  compiled  the 
returns  of  United  States  exports  to  Canada  by  way  of  Manitoban 
and  other  western  ports  of  entry.  This  is  the  first  time  I  believe 
that  such  returns  have  been  published.  They  disclose  a  market 
half  as  distant  and  twice  as  large  as  the  Yukon.  It  was  almost 
to  be  expected  that  the  great  immigration  of  1902  would  have  led 
to  a  more  than  proportionate  increase  of  free  goods  passed  as 
settlers'  effects.  The  figures,  however,  which  are  really  surpris- 
ing, show  that  the  increase  of  dutiable  goods  was  even  greater- 
than  the  increase  in  the  value  of  free  goods: 

DIRECT   IMPORTS  OF  UNITED  STATES   GOODS  INTO  WESTERN 

CANADA. 

For  the  Year  Ending  June  30th. 


1901 

1902 

Dutiable 

Free 

Total 

Dutiable 

Free 

Total 

Manitoba 

$2,560,876 

$1,376,135 

13,937,011 

$4,432,010 

$4,260,382 

$6,658,392 

B.C  

4,882,410 

1,033,030 

5,915,440 

4,635,519 

990,176 

5,625,695 

N.W.T  .. 

518,247 

819,917 

1,338,164 

1,064,781 

1,470,928" 

2,535,709 

Totals..  .  . 

$7,961,533 

S3,  229,082 

911,190,615 

$10,132,310 

$4,721,486 

$14,819,796 

.130  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

In  addition  to  the  above  figures,  the  purchases  of  United  States 
goods  through  Eastern  Canadian  houses  must  be  taken  into  con- 
sideratjon.  Such  returns,  of  course,  cannot  be  obtained. 

As  regards  the  importance  of  the  west,  the  banks  have  already 
given  their  verdict.  In  Winnipeg  their  buildings  are  among  the 
most  imposing;  while  during  the  year  just  ended  of  the  one  hun- 
dred and  twenty  new  branches  opened  in  Canada,  no  less  than 
fifty-eight  are  in  Manitoba  and  the  west.  With  such  a  scope  for 
banking  operations  it  is  little  wonder  that  United  States  capital 
has  bought  control  of  one  Canadian  Bank,  "The  Royal,"  at  a 
high  premium,  and  that  trust  companies  as  well  as  mercantile 
houses  generally  are  opening  depots  in  the  west.  It  shows  credit- 
able enterprise  on  the  part  of  our  comparatively  few  financial 
institutions  that  they  have  been  able  to  swing  such  an  immense 
back  country. 

If  the  west  suffers  no  relapse  from  arid  seasons  and  harvest 
failure,  a  new  Province  will  probably  be  made  out  of  the  Terri- 
tories, Manitoba  being  at  the  same  time  extended  on  the  west  and 
north  so  as  to  round  off  as  far  as  possible  the  wheat  growing  lands 
on  the  east,  as  against  the  ranching  lands  further  west.  The  birth 
of  a  new  Province  will  call  up  the  knotty  problem  of  dividing  the 
Crown  lands  between  the  Dominion  and  the  Province  and  the 
question  of  a  provincial  subsidy.  In  parliamentary  representation, 
according  to  the  recent  census,  Ontario  will  shortly  lose  six  seats 
to  the  west.  Ontario  will  be,  possibly,  more  than  recouped,  and 
the  gratitude  of  all  Canada  earned,  if  the  occasion  be  taken  to  place 
the  general  financial  relations  of  Ottawa  and  the  Provinces  on  a 
permanent  basis. 

On  the  whole,  perhaps  the  most  vivid  impression  made  on  the 
traveller  is  the  varied  resources  of  Canada.  Its  running  streams 
and  great,  bleak,  mineral  belts,  its  wide  forests  and  immense  plains, 
and  if  one  continues  north  to  the  Klondyke,  its  frozen  gravels  of 
which  T3r.  Parkin  a  few  years  ago  wrote  "  Barren  without  material 
resource,"  but  which  have  yielded  within  the  last  few  years  eight 
millions  of  dollars. 

It  is  the  intention,  I  believe,  of  the  Winnipeg  Board  of  Trade 
'next  summer  to  invite  the  members  of  Parliament  and  the  mem- 
bers of  the  Canadian  Manufacturers'  Association  to  make  excur- 
sions westward  and  see  some  of  these  manifold  resources.  The 
occasion  of  the  convention  in  Montreal  in  August  of  the  Chambers 
of  Commerce  of  the  Empire  will  also  probably  be  taken  advantage 
of.  Such  visits  would  make  it  impossible  for  Canada  to  masque- 
rade much  longer  in  Punch  as  "  The  Great  Misunderstood." 

An  incident  that  sums  up  the  anxiety  of  the  West  to  be  better 
'known  deserves  recalling.     At  lunch  one  day  with  the  Premier 


SOME  IMPRESSIONS  OF  THE  WEST.  131 

and  the  late  Minister  of  Public  Works,  in  Ottawa,  Mr.  Tarte  had 
put  to  Mr.  C.  N.  Bell,  the  able  secretary  of  the  Winnipeg  Board 
of  Trade,  the  question  as  to  the  greatest  need  of  the  West.  "I 
can  answer  that  without  hesitation,"  was  the  quick  reply.  "Ah! 
and  what  may  that  be?"  continued  Mr.  Tarte.  "A  change  in  the 
constitution  of  Canada,"  said  Mr.  Bell.  "A  change  to  the  effect 
that  no  member  of  the  Commons  and  no  member  of  the  Senate  of 
Canada  shall  be  entitled  to  vote  on  any  bill  before  the  House 
until  he  has  seen  Canada!" 

Last  year's  harvest  was  sixty-seven  million  bushels.  Probably 
over  one-half  of  this  is  still  in  elevators  and  otherwise  stored.  This 
means  sufficient  for  the  carrying  capacity  of  the  railways  for  much 
of  next  season.  If  the  new  settlers  bring  the  next  crop  up  to  the  one 
hundred  million  mark,  there  may  be  "  whole  wheat  bread  "  baked 
on  the  prairies,  however  unwillingly.  In  the  plans  for  extending 
transportation  facilities,  it  would  doubtless  be  in  the  interests  of 
Canada  as  a  unified  country  to  have  the  new  lines  "  all  Canadian." 
But  we  will  probably  see  ere  long  additional  connections  with  the 
milling  centres  of  the  United  States.  As  empty  cars  can- 
not be  sent  back  to  Canada,  the  possible  influence  of  the  return 
/cargoes  on  freight  charges  from  the  East,  and  on  the  market  for 
home  manufactures,  is  worth  a  moment's  thought. 

Even  a  summary  reference  to  the  west  such  as  I  have  just  made 
is  incomplete  without  calling  attention  to  the  question  of  a  Pacific 
coast  railway  running  north  from  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway. 
The  value  of  a  connection  with  northern  British  Columbia,  includ- 
ing the  rich  Atlin  and  Cassiar  countries,  and  with  the  Yukon  and 
Alaska,  is  evident.  This,  and  the  ease  of  railway  construction  in 
the  longitudinal  valleys  between  the  coast  and  the  Rockies,  of 
which  we  are  assured  by  competent  authority  at  least  as  far  as  the 
Skeena,  make  such  a  project,  together  with  a  second  trans-Canadian 
line,  desirable  to  complete  the  first.  The  practical  necessity  under 
which  a  more  northerly  transcontinental  line  would  be  of  connect- 
ing itself  by  rail  with  Vancouver  would  bring  this  about  in  part. 


MUSIC  IN"  THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO. 

BY  F.  H.  TORRINGTON,  MUS.  DOC. 

AT  the  inauguration  of  the  new  London  High  School  for  the 
Plastic  and  Graphic  Arts  and  Music,  the  Emperor  William 
of  Germany  made  the  following  answer  to  an  address  from  Pro- 
fessor Joachim :  "  You  know  what  a  great  educational  influence  I 
ascribe  to  music  and  its  cultivation.  It  is  above  all  to  be  con- 
sidered in  its  influence  on  temperament  and  on  the  entire  soul  life. 


132  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY. 

Music  enlightens,  elevates  and  forms  the  soul.  I  am  convinced 
that  you  and  the  entire  staff  of  the  college  have  this  conception  of 
your  work,  and  will  do  it  in  that  spirit." 

Dr.  MacDowell,  who  occupies  the  chair  of  music  in  the  Uni- 
versity of  Columbia,  on  his  recent  visit  to  Toronto,  expressed  the 
opinion  that  a  university  system  could  not  be  complete  without 
being  rounded  out  by  the  introduction  of  music  and  art  combined 
as  part  of  the  university  work.  If  this  is  the  current  thought  at 
the  centres  of  wealth  and  art  in  Europe  and  America — and  it  is 
prevalent,  if  we  are  to  judge  by  the  increasing  efforts  to  provide 
instruction  in  music  and  art  in  the  most  advanced  universities  in 
the  United  States — one  must  admit  that  similar  influences  would 
also  be  desirable  in  the  rapidly  growing  Canadian  nation.  Our 
statesmen  and  ministers,  in  politics  and  in  the  pulpit,  continually 
proclaim  the  arrival  of  increasing  multitudes  who  are  here  finding 
homes,  and  for  these  our  universities  must  provide  the  future 
leaders  and  guides. 

Scholastic  attainment  is  undoubtedly  essential  in  the  university 
graduate,  but  it  is  quite  possible  to  secure  this  and  still  to  omit,  in 
the  general  equipment  of  the  man,  something  that  fits  him  for  the 
real  enjoyment  of  life,  something  that  can  be  absorbed  only  in  con- 
nection with  the  daily  educational  routine  through  which  character 
is  moulded  and  talent  is  developed.  This  enrichment  of  life's  en- 
dowment through  university  training  comes  not  from  what  might 
be  called  technical  education,  but  from  such  sources  as  the  Em- 
peror William  indicates  when  speaking  of  music.  It  has  been  a 
matter  of  regret  to  many  alumni  that  their  course  did  not  bring 
them  into  more  intimate  contact  with  the  esthetic  side  of  culture. 

A  "  Law  Student "  of  New  York  University  Law  School  recently 
wrote  in  the  New  York  Times:  "It  is  to  be  regretted  that  colleges, 
do  not  appropriate  even  a  small  portion  of  the  college  course  to  an 
esthetic  study  of  music.  Why  should  not  music  occupy  a  place 
equivalent  to  sculpture,  architecture,  painting,  or  poetry?  Surely 
music  is  an  artistic  study,  as  fine,  as  discriminating  as  any  of  the 
clr.csic  arts.  What  is  the  purpose  of  a  college  education?  Surely 
the  whole  tendency  of  a  college  education  is  to  enable  one  to  under- 
stand and  know  the  development  of  science,  literature  and  art,  to 
cause  one  to  appreciate  what  he  has  seen,  heard  and  felt.  It  is  the 
mental  pleasure  he  experiences  which  raises  the  collegian  above 
the  non-collegian." 

But  does  not  collegiate  education  fail,  does  it  not  fall  short  of  its 
goal  when  it  omits  to  instruct  in  the  pleasures  to  be  derived  from 
the  esthetic  study  of  music?  Music  is,  undoubtedly,  one  of  the 
greatest  sources  of  pleasure,  and,  if  there  has  been  no  study  of  its 
history  and  development  a  powerful  educational  influence  has  been- 


.MUSIC  IX  THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO.        133 

lost.  "  Bachelor  of  Arts  "  seems  an  empty  title  when  applied  to  a 
college  graduate  who  has  never  studied  the  esthetics  of  musical 
sound!  He  knows  little  of  the  great  composers  or  the  eras  in 
which  they  lived.  After  attending  an  opera  he  may  vaguely  re- 
member that  it  was  written  by  Wagner,  but  his  knowledge  of  the 
man  ends  with  his  name.  Should  he  be  entitled  to  all  the  "  rights, 
privileges  and  immunities  "  belonging  to  the  title  ? 

Some  time  ago  Alma  Webster  Powell  upheld  the  study  of  law 
as  a  medium  for  enhancing  vocal  art.  How  much  more  expedient 
would  it  have  been  had  she  advocated  the  esthetic  study  of  music 
in  an  academic  course!  The  study  of  music  should  be  incorpor- 
ated with  the  regular  college  course,  and  instead  of  being  treated 
merely  as  an  accessory,  it  should  receive  the  place  which  the  useful- 
ness and  essential  character  of  the  subject  demands.  It  is  hoped 
that  this  paper  may  direct  to  the  subject  the  attention  of  those  who 
wish  the  highest  and  the  best  for  our  University  of  Toronto,  and 
that  before  long  we  may  see  music  occupying  its  proper  place  in  our 
university  system. 


THE  STEW  MEDICAL  BUILDINGS. 

BY  A.  B.  MACALLUM,  B.A.,  M.B.,  PH.D. 

Professor  of  Physiology,   University  of  Toronto. 

in  HE  new  Medical  Buildings  are  now  so  near  completion  that  it 
J-  is  only  a  matter  of  a  few  weeks  when  the  contemplated 
occupation  of  them  by  the  Medical  Faculty  will  have  begun.  The 
appearance  presented  by  the  "various  rooms,  the  arrangement  of 
these  with  relation  to  each  other  and  the  convenience  of  access  to 
them  and  to  the  lecture  rooms  from  the  corridors  bring  out  much 
more  markedly  than  does  an  inspection  of  the  various  floor  plans 
the  advantages  of  the  unit  system  of  laboratory  construction. 

I  had  the  pleasure  recently  of  going  over  the  plans  with  Pro- 
fessor C.  S.  Minot,  the  propounder  of  the  unit  system,  and  was 
gratified  to  hear  his  verdict  that  they  were  very  skillfully  drawn 
up  and  that  they  approach  the  ideal  of  the  system.  I  am  inclined 
to  believe  that  an  inspection  of  the  interior  of  the  building  itself 
would  much  more  strongly  impress  him  with  the  view  that  the 
system,  as  it  is  illustrated  in  Toronto,  is  by  far  the  best  that  has 
been  devised.  The  plans  possess  particular  interest  in  that  the 
buildings  for  which  they  were  prepared  are  the  first  realization  of 
the  system;  and,  judging  from  the  interest  taken  in  them  at  the 
meeting  of  the  Scientific  Societies  in  Washington,  held  during  the 
recent  holidays,  it  is  safe  to  say  that  they  are  likely  to  be  more  or 
less  copied  in  the  adoption  of  the  system  elsewhere.  To  facilitate 


134  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

access  to  the  plans  on  this  account  it  has  been  arranged  to  publish 
all  of  them  at  an  early  date  in  "  Science,"  the  weekly  organ  of  the 
American  Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science. 

Apart  from  the  system  illustrated  in  the  buildings,  one  point 
that  strikes  the  visitor  when  inspecting  the  interior  is  that  it  is 
meant  to  last,  for  the  concrete  floors  and  smooth  brick  walls  of  the 
corridors,  as  well  as  the  hardwood  floors  and  hard  finish  of  the 
laboratories,  are  capable  of  standing  the  wear  and  tear  of  their  use 
by  many  generations  of  students. 

One  may  not  omit  this  opportunity  to  give  full  credit  to  the  con- 
tractors, Messrs.  Illsley  &  Horn,  for  the  energy  that  they  have 
shown  in  carrying  out  their  contract,  also  for  the  intelligent  inter- 
est that  they  have  taken  in  making  the  building  of  the  best  char- 
acter and  material  possible.  The  buildings  Avere  begun  in  the  latter 
part  of  July,  and,  considering  what  had  to  be  done,  the  completion 
of  them  in  six  months  is  a  very  great  achievement,  and  a  demon- 
stration of  the  value  of  the  system  of  contracting .  adopted  by 
Messrs  Illsley  &  Horn. 


MEDICINE   AND   THE   UNIVERSITIES.* 

BY  LEWELLYS  F.  BARKER,  M.B.,  TOR., 

Professor  of  Anatomy,  the  University  of  Chicago. 

T^HE  majority  of  the  medical  schools  of  America  have  developed 
as  proprietary  medical  schools :  Professor  Barker  pays  a  tribute 
to  the  zeal  and  success  shown  in  their  founding  and  conduct.  He 
holds,  however,  that  their  period  of  usefulness  has  gone.  This  is 
largely  due  to  the  great  cost  of  laboratories  and  staffs  for  teaching 
and  research  in  chemistry,  physics,  biology,  physiology,  histology, 
anatomy,  pathology,  and  bacteriology.  The  present  needs  and 
methods  of  scientific  and  medical  training  require  each  of  these 
fundamental  subjects  to  be  taught  on  a  university  basis  by  one 
who  has  made  it  his  life-work. 

Professor  Barker  makes  a  brief  reference  to  what  he  terms  a 
pseudo-university  school,  in  which  even  anatomy,  physiology,  and 
pathology  are  taught  by  those  who  devote  only  part  of  their  time 
and  interests  to  the  medical  school. 

The  Semi-University  School. 

There  is  a  third  class  of  medical  schools  in  existence  at  the  pre- 
sent time.  This  class  I  shall  designate  as  that  of  "the  semi-univer- 
sity school.  By  this  I  mean  schools  in  which  the  subjects  of  the 
first  two  years  are  taught  in  the  university,  by  university  professors 

*  An  address  (in  part)  delivered    at  the  meeting  of  the   Western   Alumn 
of  the  Johns  Hopkins  University,  held  at  Chicago,  Feb.  28,  1902. 


MEDICINE  AND  THE  UNIVERSITIES.  135, 

who  do  not  engage  in  the  private  practice  of  medicine,  but  who 
give  their  Avhole  time  and  energies  to  the  teaching  and  investiga- 
tion of  the  sciences  which  they  represent.  The  laboratories  of 
anatomy,  physiology,  pathology,  etc.,  are  installed  in  the  same  way 
as  are  the  laboratories  of  physics,  chemistry,  zoology  and  botany. 
The  results  of  making  anatomy,  physiology  and  pathology  true 
university  departments  have  been  most  satisfactory.  Students  are 
now  able  to  obtain  a  thorough  scientific  training  in  these  branches 
fundamental  to  clinical  work. 

Especially  gratifying  as  a  result  of  the  change  made  by  the  semi- 
university  school  have  been  the  consequences  for  productive 
scholarship.  Instead  of  the  sterility  which  characterized  the  de- 
partments of  anatomy,  physiology  and  pathology  when  they  are 
manned  by  private  practitioners,  in  the  semi-university  schools 
they  have  become  beehives  of  industry,  centres  of  original  investi- 
gation. The  last  decennium  has  seen  the  birth  of  an  American 
Journal  of  Experimental  Medicine,  and  American  Journal  of 
Physiology,  an  American  Journal  of  Medical  Research,  and  an 
American  Journal  of  Anatomy — five  scientific  journals  in  which 
the  contributions  are  rigidly  limited  to  the  publication  of  the  re- 
sults of  original  research ! 

The  departments  of  the  last  two  years  in  medicine,  whether 
nominally  included  in  the  university  or  not,  are  unfortunately  situ- 
ated entirely  differently  in  these  semi-university  schools.  All  of 
the  men  who  teach  in  these  departments,  or  at  least  the  majority 
of  them,  are  men  who  are  engaged  in  the  private  practice  of  medi- 
cine, surgery,  obstetrics,  or  some  one  of  the  specialties. 

A  high  tribute  must  be  paid  to  the  restless  energy  and  sacrifices 
of  leading  practitioners  in  discharging  their  professorial  duties. 
Again,  the  universities  seldom  own  hospitals,  or,  if  they  have 
hospitals  they  are,  as  a  rule,  small  and  totally  inadequate  to  pro- 
vide the  clinical  facilities , necessary  for  the  number  of  students 
taught.  The  professors  in  medicine,  surgery,  and  obstetrics  usually 
have  sufficient  personal  influence,  or  the  school  itself  is  influential 
enough  to  permit  them  to  utilize  for  teaching  purposes  the  wrards 
of  various  charity  hospitals.  The  hospitals  thus  utilized  have 
nearly  all  been  built  for  a  specific  purpose,  namely,  to  provide  beds 
and  treatment  for  charity  patients  in  the  cheapest  possible  wav. 
Even  where  the  hospitals  are  privately  endowed,  as  long  as  the 
management  is  not  in  the  hands  of  the  university  itself,  innumer- 
able difficulties  are  in  the  way  of  clinical  teachers. 

A  Real  University  School. 

If  one  attempts  to  portray  the  characteristics  of  a  school  of  medi- 
cine developed  throughout  according  to  true  university  ideals,  he- 


136  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY. 

will  find  it  necessary  to  depict  conditions  which,  as  yet,  exist  no- 
where in  completeness.  In  an  ideal  modern  university  an  essential 
feature  is  the  combination  of  the  academia  with  the  schola.  The 
university  must  be  a  centre  of  original  research,  as  well  as  a  place 
of  instruction.  An  institution  which  attempts  no  more  than  the 
imparting  of  knowledge  already  acquired  to  its  students,  is  not 
worthy  of  the  name  of  university.  It  is  merely  a  college  or 
seminary.  A  true  university  is  made  up  of  a  group  of  scholars 
who  are  not  only  familiar  with  the  results  of  previous  investiga- 
tions, but  who,  endowed  with  unusual  capacities  and  skilled  in  the 
methodology  of  their  respective  sciences,  invade  new  territories, 
searching  diligently  for  new  facts.  Methods  already  devised  are 
used  when  they  are  sufficient;  new  methods  are  invented  where 
old  ones  fail.  Each  scholar  works  for  the  sake  of  truth  in  his  own 
department.  He  does  not  permit  himself  to  consider  too  atten- 
tively the  applicability  of  the  truths  he  discovers  to  conditions 
belonging  to  other  departments  of  knowledge.  He  may  not  be 
tco  regardful  of  the  compatibility  of  a  new  fact  with  the  precon- 
ceived ideas  held  by  himself  or  by  others.  He  will  do  well  not 
to  spend  too  much  time  thinking  of  the  effect  of  a  new  fact  upon 
the  desires  or  the  fears  of  the  people.  He  must  have  a  profound 
belief  in  the  ultimate  value  of  truth,  no  matter  how  unpalatable 
it  may  be,  or  how  useless  it  may  seem  to  those  who  live  at  the 
time  it  is  found  out. 

Each  leader  in  a  department  of  a  true  university  is  both  a  teacher 
and  an  investigator.  The  really  good  teachers  have  always  been 
investigators.  The  really  good  investigators  have  always  been 
teachers,  though  not  always,  perhaps,  of  large  groups  of  students, 
nor  always,  it  must  be  admitted,  in  their  own  generation.  It  is 
highly  desirable  that  the  two  faculties  of  teaching  and  discovering 
be  combined  in  every  university  professor.  There  may  be  a  place 
for  the  non-investigating  teacher  in  a  college  or  seminary,  but  he 
is  certainly  out  of  his  sphere  as  a  leaded  of  a  department  in  a  uni- 
versity. The  great  investigator,  on  the  other  hand,  who  cannot 
teach  students  directly  may  profitably  be  housed  and  cared  for  in 
-a  university,  for  the  sake  of  the  contributions  which  he  will  make 
to  knowledge,  and  the  prestige  his  work  will  bring  to  the  institu- 
tion; but  the  department  in  which  he  works  should  also  be  repre- 
sented by  other  men  who  can  both  investigate  and  teach. 

If  these  views  of  what  a  university  professor  should  be  hold 
good  for  the  faculties  of  Arts,  Literature  and  Science — and  it  will, 
I  believe,  be  generally  conceded  that  they  do — why  should  they 
not  also  obtain  for  the  professional  faculties  of  Law  and  Medicine? 
Surely  there  is  need  in  these  faculties  for  professors  of  the  same 
high  type. 


MEDICINE  AND  THE  UNIVERSITIES.  137 

It  is  generally  taken  for  granted  that  in  the  philosophical  faculty 
of  a  university,  a  professor  shall  give  the  whole  of  his  time  and  all 
of  his  strength  (aside  from  necessary  recreation)  to  work  for  the 
university.  The  professor  of  economics  does  not  give  a  part  of  his 
time  to  the  university  and  the  other  part  to  the  financing  of  city 
banks.  The  professor  of  mathematics  would  scarcely  be  permitted 
to  give  his  forenoons  to  calculus,  quaternions,  or  the  teaching  01 
''groups"  in  the  class-room,  and  his  afternoons  to  the  work  of  audit- 
ing the  accounts  of  a  transcontinental  railway,  or  to  the  calcula- 
tion of  stresses  and  strains  for  a  bridge  manufacturer;  nor  would 
the  university  retain  as  its  professor  of  chemistry  one  who  divided 
his  time  between  the  university  laboratory  on  the  one  hand  and  a 
factory  for  the  preparation  of  aniline  dyes,  or  a  huge  establishment 
for  the  manufacture  of  drugs  in  a  commercial  way,  on  the  other. 
Which,  think  you,  the  university  interests  or  the  other  interests, 
would  get  the  lion's  share  of  the  time  and  energy  of  these  pro- 
fessors ?  What,  think  you,  would  be  the  rate  of  progress  in 
•original  work  in  the  sciences  of  political  economy  and  chemistry 
in  a  university  so  constituted? 

It  is  the  prevalent  opinion  that  the  reason  that  philosophical 
faculties  of  universities  have  been  regarded  as  of  higher  standing 
than  the  professional  faculties  and  the  faculties  of  technical 
schools,  is  to  be  found  entirely  in  that  aristocratic  prejudice  which 
favours  traditional  "  learning  "  and  holds  itself  aloof  from  science, 
and  especially  from  science  as  applied  in  professional  and  industrial 
life.  I  have  as  little  sympathy  as  anyone  with  those  narrow-minded 
.academicians  who  believe  that  the  only  learning,  and  the  only 
culture  worthy  of  the  name,  are  to  be  gained  by  the  study  of  the 
ancient  languages  and  literatures.  Indeed,  I  unhesitatingly  join 
hands  with  those  who  maintain  that  any  academic  training  which 
does  not  include  the  inculcation  of  the  "  fair,  faithful,  and  fearless 
spirit "  of  modern  scientific  inquiry,  fails  of  the  best  purpose  of 
education.  What  is  more,  I  am  convinced  that  a  reasonable  mix- 
ture of  natural  science  studies,  even  if  chosen  from  the  domains  of 
applied  science,  with  the  courses  in  languages,  literature,  history, 
philosophy,  will  yield  cultivating  results  of  a  far  higher  order  than 
•can  be  obtained  where  programmes  from  which  natural  science  is 
excluded  are  followed.  For  only  through  the  study  of  the  natural 
sciences  can  we  escape  that  dominant  though  unwitting  egoism 
which  makes  man  the  centre  of  the  universe.  Our  whole  educa- 
tion tends  too  much  to  distort  the  human  relation.  "Man  so 
readily  deifies  himself,  and  so  gladly  permits  others  to  deify  him; 
he  occupies  himself  preferably  with  himself,  with  his  own  in- 
tellect and  its  products;  he  calls  his  own  intellect  divine,  takes 


138  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

pleasure  in  worshipping  his  own  image,  and  imagines  at  the  same 
time  he  is  exhibiting  a  proper  degree  of  humility."  It  is  with 
great  difficulty  that  the  human  beings  resign  themselves  to  the 
scientific  view  of  man  and  the  universe.  It  is  not  easy,  at  first, 
as  Billroth  says,  to  admit  that  even  the  greatest  human  being  is  a 
mere  atom  compared  with  the  totality  of  natural  phenomena,  or. 
to  hear  the  whole  human  race  described  as  but  one  group  of 
animals,  active  but  for  a  relatively  short  time  upon  the  earth's 
surface,  and,  in  comparison  with  the  whole  universe,  vanishing 
into  almost  nothing.  "  Man  may  willingly  humble  himself  before 
his  God,  but  he  always  values  himself  much  higher  than  the  whole 
of  nature."  There  is  a  side  of  culture  which  only  the  study  of 
the  natural  sciences  can  give.  A  sanity  and  a  balance  are  deriv- 
able from  them  which  can  scarcely  fail  to  be  lacking  when  the 
so-called  "  humanities  "  only  are  studied. 

Though  it  may  be  true  that  prejudice  born  of  the  old  monastic 
influence  still  shackles  the  universities,  and  that  there  has  been 
in  the  past  a  "discrimination  among  learnings,"  I  cannot  believe 
that  it  is  lack  of  democracy  alone,  or  predilection  for  tradition 
alone,  which  accounts  for  the  slowness  with  which,  in  the  first 
place,  so-called  pure  science,  and  later  the  scientific  professions, 
gained  recognition  among  the  people  and  in  the  universities,  or 
for  the  opprobrium  that  undoubtedly  does  attach  still  in  many 
minds  to  the  terms  professional  school  or  technical  school,  when 
compared  with  the  school  of  philosophy.  The  cause  lay  much 
deeper.  It  is  necessary  for  the  professional  schools  and  the  tech- 
nical schools  to  win  their  spurs.  As  long  as  natural  science  re- 
mained merely  the  desultory  interest  of  the  dilettante,  as  long  as 
medicine  continued  to  be  chiefly  an  empirical  art,  and  technology 
the  passing  on  of  rule  of  thumb,  these  subjects  were  not  co-equal 
with  their  elder  sister.  No  people  began  its  culture  with  the  exact 
study  of  the  natural  sciences;  these  could  come  to  development 
only  after  the  prolonged  influence  of  language,  art,  religion,  law, 
and  politics.  As  soon  as  physics,  chemistry  and  biology  began  to 
make  the  tremendous  strides  forward  which  characterized  the  last 
century,  they  were  taken  out  of  the  medical  schools  and  incorpo- 
rated in  the  philosophical  faculties  of  the  universities  with  the 
happy  results  familiar  to  all. 

Recently  applied  science  has  won  its  place.  The  enormous  ex- 
pansion of  commerce  and  industry  has  compelled  the  establishment 
of  great  technical  schools.  The  old  method  of  apprenticeship  no 
longer  suffices  for  the  training  of  men.  It  had  become  necessary 
to  save  time  and  energy,  and  to  make  the  instruction  more  exten- 
sive and  more  thorough,  by  education  in  institutions  dedicated  to 
applied  science.  The  inventive  mechanic,  the  engineer,  and  the 


MEDICINE  AND  THE  UNIVERSITIES.  139 

electrician  have  revolutionized  the  world  within  our  own  memories; 
if  we  live  out  our  three-score  and  ten,  we  may,  perhaps,  be  per- 
mitted to  witness  even  greater  transformations.  In  the  schools  of 
engineering,  not  only  are  the  known  applications  of  science  taught,, 
but,  brilliant  minds  are  constantly  at  work  devising  ever  new  and 
still  more  wonderful  applications.  America  especially  has  reason 
to  be  proud  of  the  advances  she  has  made  in  technological  educa- 
tion. .  .  .  The  way  to  get  the  highest  recognition  is  to  de- 
serve it;  the  way  to  get  rid  of  the  opprobrium  attaching  to  the  pro- 
fessional school-:;,  is  to  remove  the  cause  of  it.  In  medicine  this 
cause  is  fast  disappearing.  Anatomy,  physiology,  and  pathology 
have  followed  physics,  chemistry  and  biology  into  the  university. 
Large  and  well  equipped  laboratories  and  libraries  are  devoted  to 
there  subjects.  Large  amounts  of  money  have  been  given,  so  that 
the  professors  and  their  assistants,  though  as  yet  inadequately  re- 
munerated, are  sufficiently  paid  to  permit  men  who  will  despise 
certain  of  the  delights  of  life  and  live  laborious  days  to  follow 
these  subjects  as  careers.  Students  are  taught,  and  important  dis- 
coveries are  being  made  in  these  branches.  The  physiologist  is  as 
fully  recognized  as  the  philologist.  The  men  and  their  subjects 
are  on  an  equality,  not  because  they  have  been  made  so  by  edict 
of  sovereign  or  ruling  of  university  presidents,  or  vote  of  trustees, 
but  because  they  really  are  so. 

In  the  best  semi-university  schools  the  departments  of  the  first 
two  years  are  now  on  a  true  university  basis;  not  so  the  depart- 
ments concerned  with  the  teaching  of  the  last  two  years  of  the 
course.  There  is  no  reason  why  internal  medicine,  surgery,  ob- 
stetrics, and  certain  other  branches,  should  not  be  similarly  ele- 
vated; on  the  contrary,  for  the  sake  of  people  who  need  help  in 
time  of  illness,  for  the  sake  of  the  medical  profession,  on  account 
of  our  universities,  and  for  the  prestige  of  the  science  of  the  nation, 
there  is  every  reason  for  that  elevation.  And  this  would  speedily 
be  brought  about  if.  universities  and  their  benefactors  fully  under- 
stood the  situation. 

How  Can  a  Semi-University  School  le  Transformed  into  a  Real 
•  University  School? 

This  may  be  accomplished  by  putting  all  the  departments,  at 
any  rate  all  the  principal  departments,  on  a  true  university  basis. 
To  do  this,  several  things  would  be  necessary.  In  the  first  place, 
a  very  large  sum  of  money  would  be  required,  for  the  university 
would  have  to  build  and  equip  hospitals  of  its  own,  arranged  on 
an  entirely  different  plan  from  that  adopted  in  ordinary  charity 
hospitals. 

The  great  discoveries  which  have  boon  made  in  practical  medi- 
cine r;cently  have  resulted  largely  from  the  introduction  of  the 


140  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

.  experimental  method.  There  is  no  doubt  in  my  mind  that  it  is  to 
experimental  medicine  that  we  must  look  for  the  advance  of  the 
future.  Had  it  not  been  for  Pasteur's  brilliant  discoveries,  and 
the  ingenious  methods  devised  by  Koch,  we  would  not  so  soon 
have  had  the  evolution  of  Lister's  work  into  the  aseptic  surgery  of 
to-day,  nor  would  a  disease  like  diphtheria,  formerly  so  fatal,  have 
been  robbed  of  its  terrors,  through  the  introduction  of  an  anti- 
toxine. 

Hospitals  especially  constructed  for  teaching  and  investigation 
would  be  a  boon  to  the  patients  treated  in  them. 

Carefully  planned,  judicious  animal  experimentation,  con- 
trolled by  medical  scientists  of  rigorous  training  and  high  "ideals, 
offers,  in  the  near  future,  the  greatest  hope  for  the  prevention  of 
suffering  and  the  curing  of  disease  in  both  animals  and  man. 

Will  the  money  necessary  for  the  introduction  of  research 
hospitals  and  university  clinical  departments  be  available?  I  be- 
lieve firmly  that  it  will,  and  that,  too,  in  the  very  near  future. 
How  many  a  fond  and  wealthy  parent,  fifty  years  ago,  would  have 
endowed  one  or  more  great  hospitals  could  he  have  saved  the  life 
of  his  child,  dying  of  virulent  diphtheria!  The  organization  of 
an  Institution  for  Medical  Research  in  New  York,  and  of  a  Me- 
morial Institute  for  the  investigation  of  Infectious  Diseases  in 
Chicago,  are  signs  of  the  times.  The  same  is  true  of  the  Institute 
for  Experimental  Therapy  in  Frankfort,  and  a  number  of  others 
which  I  could  name.  The  place  for  such  institutes  is  in  the  medi- 
cal faculties  of  the  Universities.  Wealthy  philanthropists  are  re- 
cognizing the  value  of  the  methods  of  research.  There  is  no  lack 
of  money  which  could  be  made  available  for  the  founding  of  uni- 
versity hospitals  for  research  and  for  the  maintenance  of  true 
university  departments  of  medicine,  surgery,  obstetrics,  and  psy- 
chiatry, provided  those  in  whose  hands  it  lies  awaiting  distribution 
can  be  convinced  that  it  will  be  used  to  the  best  purposes. 

Above  all  should  the  means  for  research  be  afforded  to  the 
professional  faculties.  Poor  professional  faculties  drag  down  the 
philosophical  faculties;  adequate  schools  of  medicine  and  law 
lend  prestige  to  the  school  of  philosophy.  Were  there  any  ten- 
dency to  internecine  jealousies  among  the  various  faculties  of  a 
university,  self-interest  alone  should  be  sufficient  to  suppress  it. 
That  which  is  to  the  advantage  of  one  faculty  will  not  fail  to  help 
the  others.  Each  faculty  should  vie  with  the  others  in  working 
for  the  welfare  of  the  whole  university.  Each  faculty,  therefore, 
will  demand  that  all  the  faculties  be  provided  with  the  facilities 
for  seeking  the  truth  according  to  the  most  rigorous  methods,  and 
independent  of  its  apparent  use  or  harm.  The  more  intense  the 
desire  of  the  people  for  truth  and  clearness  becomes,  the  more 
pressing  will  the  demand  for  these  facilities  grow. 


TORONTONENSIA. 


141 


TORONTONENSIA. 


UNIVERSITY    OF   TORONTO 

MONTHLY. 

ADDRESS  ALL  COMMUNICATIONS  FOR 
PUBLICATION  TO  THE  SECRETARY,  UNI- 
VERSITY OP  TORONTO. 

Published  monthly,   October — June. 
Subscription    $1,00    a    year,  single*  copies 

15  cts. 

All  subscriptions  are  credited  October- 
June. 

EDITORIAL   COMMITTEE. 

I.  H.  CAMERON,  M.B.,  Chairman. 

J.  C.  MCLENNAN,  Ph.D.,  Secretary. 

L.  E.  EMBREE,  M.A.;  J.  MCGREGOR 
YOUNC,  H.A. ;  H.  J.  CODY,  M.A.;  J.  A. 
COOPER,  B.A.,  LL.B.;  C.  C.  JAMES,  M.A.; 
GEO.  WILKIE,  B.A.;  J.  M.  CLARK,  M.A.; 
LL.B.,  K.C;  J.  W.MALLON,  B.A.,  LL.B.; 
HON.  S.  C.  BIGGS,  B.A.,  K.C. 


S.  J.  ROBERTSON,  B.A.,  Managing  Edi- 
tor. 


THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  ALUMNI 
ASSOCIATION  :  LOCAL  ORGANIZATIONS. 

GENERAL  ASSOCIATION.  —  President, 
DR.  R.  A.  REEVE,  Toronto.  Secretary, 
J  C.  MCLENNAN,  Ph.  D.,  Dean's  House, 
University  of  Toronto. 

ALGOMA,  DISTRICT  OF.  —  President, 
REV.  J.  ALLAN,  B.A.,  Sault  Ste.  Marie, 
Ont.;  Secretary-Treasurer,  LESLIE  A. 
GREEN,  B.A.,  Sault  Ste.  Marie,  Ont 

BRANT  COUNTY.  —  President,  A.  J. 
WILKES,  LL.B.,  K.C.,  Brantford,  Ont.; 
Secretary,  M.  J.  KEANE,  M.B.,  Brant- 
ford,  Ont. 

BRITISH  COLUMBIA. — President,  REV. 
R.  WHITTINGTON,  M.A.,  B.Sc.,  Vancou- 
ver, B.C. 

ELGIN  COUNTY,  ONT. — President,  REV. 
CANON  HILL,  St.  Thomas.  Secretary, 
S.  SILCOX,  B.A.,  B.  Paed.,  St  Thomas. 

FRONT  EX  AC  COUNTY. — President,  E.  H 
SMYTHE,  M.A.,LL.D.,K.C.,  Kingston,  Ont., 
Secretary -Treasurer,  E.  O.  SLITER,  M.A., 
Kingston,  Ont. 

GREY  AND  BRUCE.  —  President,  A.  G. 
MCKAY,  B.A.,  Owen  Sound,  Ont. 
Secretary,  W.  D.  FERRIS,  M.B.,  Shallow 
Lake,  Ont. 

HASTINGS  COUNTY. — President,  LT.- 
COL.  W.  N.  PONTON,  M.A.,  Belleville. 
Secretary,  J.  T.  LUTON,  B.A.,  Belleville. 


HURON  COUNTY.  —  President,  WM. 
GUNN,  M.D.,  Clinton,  Ont.  Secretary- 
Treasurer,  CHAS.  GARROW,  B.A.,  LL.B., 
Goderich,  Ont. 

KENT  COUNTY.  —  President,  D.  S. 
PATTERSON,  B.A.,  Chatham,  Ont  Sec- 
retary, Miss  GRACE  MCDONALD,  B.A., 
Chatham,  Ont. 

LENNOX  AND  ADDINGTON  COUNTIES. — 
President,  H.  M.  DEROCHE,  B.A.,  K.C., 
Napanee.  Secretary-Treasurer,  U.  J. 
FLACK,  M.A.,  Napanee. 

LINCOLN  COUNTY. — President,  JOHN 
HENDERSON,  M.A.,  St.  Catuarines. 
Secretary-Treasurer,  G.  B.  BURSON,  B.A., 
St.  Catharines. 

MIDDLESEX  COUNTY.— President,  TAL- 
BOT  MACBETH,  B.A.,  K.C.,  London. 
Secretary-Treasurer,  F.  E.  PERRIN,  B.A., 
London. 

OTTAWA. — President,  J.  C.  G  LASH  AN, 
M  A..,LL.D.,  Ottawa.  Secretary-Treasurer, 
J.  0.  CARSS,  B.A.,  Ottawa 

PERTH  COUNTY,  ONT.— President,  C.  J. 
MCGREGOR,  M.A.,  Stratford,  Ont. 
Secretary-Treasurer,  C.  A.  MAYBERRY, 
B.A.,  LL.B.,  Stratford,  Ont. 

PETERBOROUGH  COUNTY.  —  President, 
E  B.  EDWARDS,  B.A.,  LL.B.,  K.C,, 
Peterborough.  Secretary-Treasurer,  D. 
WALKER,  B.A.,  Peterborough. 

PRINCE  EDWARD  COUNTY. — President, 
M.  CURRIE,  B.A.,  M.B.,  Picton. 

SIMCOE  COUNTY. — President,  DONALD 
Ross,  B.A.,  LL.B.,  Barrie,  Ont;  Secre- 
tary-Treasurer, A.  F.  HUNTER,  M.A., 
Earrie1,  Ont. 

VICTORIA  COUNTY. — President,  J.  C. 
HARSTONE,  B.A.,  Lindsay,  Ont.  Secre- 
tary-Treasurer, Miss  E.  G.  FLAVELLE, 
B.A.,  Lindsay,  Ont. 

WATERLOO  COUNTY. — President,  His 
HONOUR  JUDGE  CHISHOLM,  Berlin,  Ont 
Secretary-Treasurer,  REV.  W.  A.  BRAD- 
LEY, B.A.,  Berlin,  Ont. 

WELLINGTON  COUNTY,  ONT.  —  Presi- 
dent, WM.  TYTLER,  B.A.,  Guelph,  Ont. 
Secretary-Treasurer,  R.  L.  McKiNNON, 
B.A.,  LL.B.,  Guelph,  Ont. 

WENTWORTH  COUNTY  GRADUATES' 
ASSOCIATION. — President,  J.  CHISHOLM, 
B.A.,  Hamilton,  Ont.  Secretary- 
Treasurer,  J.  T.  CRAWFORD,  B.A.,  Ham- 
ilton, Ont. 

NEW  YORK  CITY. — President, G.  H.  Ling 
B.A.,  Ph.  D.,  New  York.  Secretary-Treas- 
urer, J.  A.  MacVannel,  B.A.,  Ph.  D.,  N.Y. 


142 


UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 


Alumni  at  the  University  of  Penn 

sylvaiiia. 

The  following  representatives  of  the 
University  of  Toronto  are  to  be  found 
on  the  staff  of  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania:— 

W.  E.  Lingelbach,  B.A.,  1894,  Ph.D. 
(Penn.),  is  instructor  in  European 
History.  Dr.  Lingelbach  will  be  re- 
membered by  many  graduates  as  one 
of  the  foremost  athletes  of  his  time,  a 
splendid  Association  player  and  fencer. 
After  graduating  he  held  a  scholarship 
in  the  University,  Chicago,  and  also 
studied  in  Europe.  He  has  been  at  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania  for  two 
years. 

C.  C.  Stewart,  B.A.  '94,  Ph.D.  (Clark) 
On  graduating  Dr.  Stewart  went  to 
Clark  to  take  post-graduate  work  in 
physiology  and  psychology.  During 
his  last  two  years  there  he  held  a  re- 
search scholarship.  In  1898  he  was 
assistant  in  physiology  at  Harvard, 
working  under  Professors  Porter  and 
Bowditch;  then  for  two  years  he  was 
tutor  in  physiology  at  the  College  or 
Physicians  and  Surgeons  In  New  York 
under  Dr.  Curtis  and  Dr.  Lee.  He  has 
for  the  last  two  years  been  demonstra- 
tor of  Physiology  at  the  University, 
and  as  director  of  the  laboratory  ot 
Practical  Physiology,  has  under  him 
three  assistants,  and  has  the  entire 
charge  of  a  students'  laboratory  of 
fcrty-five  tables.  He  has  had  per- 
haps the  widest  laboratory  experience 
ot  any  of  the  younger  physiologists. 
He  read  two  papers  before  the  Ameri- 
can Association  of  Physiologists  at  its 
last  meeting. 

N.  B.  Gwyn,  M.B.  '96,  is  instructor 
in  Clinical  Medicine.  Dr.  Gwyn  spent 
some  years  at  Johns  Hopkins  doing 
research  work  in  medicine.  He  has 
been  for  three*  years  one  of  Dr.  Mus- 
ser's  assistants  and  junior  partners. 

F.  DeW.  Fry,  B.A.  '94,  is  assistant 
m  Economics.  Mr.  Fry  will  probably 
tf.ke  his  Ph.D.  at  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  as  he  is  now  doing  some 
interesting  work  In  regard  to  the 
steamship  combine,  and  has  done  some 
good  work  in  insurance.  (Many  of  the 
graduates  will  remember  that  he  was 
a  master  at  the  Mitchell  high  school 
for  some  years. 

V.  E.  Henderson,  B.A.  '99,  M.A.  '02, 
M.B.  '02,  assistant  demonstrator  of 
physiology,  is  acting  as  one  of  Dr. 


Stewart's  assistants,  and  is  also  doing 
some  research  work  in  immunity. 

Reminiscences  of  the  Class  of  '57. 

Since  graduation  my  attention  has 
been  so  absorbed  in  my  life-work  that 
I  have  shown  but  little  public  interest 
in  my  alma  mater;  nevertheless,  this 
lack  of  interest  has  been  only  appar- 
ent. 

Last  year  I  attended  the  annual 
alumn;  dinner,  for  the  first  time  since 
'67,  and  found  but  one  graduate  pre- 
sent who  represented  the  classes  with 
whom  I  studied  during  my  university 
course  ;  hence  a  tinge  of  loneliness 
could  not  but  affect  my  spirits,  and 
send  mei  back  in  thought  to  the  days 
of  yore.  Since  then  the  communica- 
tion from  Mr.  Holcomb.  B.A.  '59,  M.A. 
'60,  LL.B.  '62,  has  intensified  somewhat 
these  feelings,  and  is  really  respon- 
sible-for  this  letter. 

In  the  early  days  in  the  history  of 
the  University  our  numbers  were  few 
in  comparison  with  the  present,  but 
we  comprised  a  band  of  earnest  stu- 
dents, and  exhibited  true  loyalty  to 
our  professors  and  to  the  institution. 

I  remember  once  making  a  proposi- 
tion to  some  of  my  fellow  students  to 
write  a  series  of  articles  concerning 
the  very  great  advantages  for  the 
youth  of  Canada  which  connected 
themselves  with  our  Provincial  Uni- 
versity, for  general  publication;  for  I 
firmly  believed  then  that  all  that  was 
needed  to  fill  up  ths  elass-rooms  was 
the  extensive!  advertising  of  these  ad- 
vantages. 

I  had  spent  a  few  months  at  an  Am- 
erican university,  and  to  me  the  differ- 
ence between  the  two  staffs  was  very 
marked,  indeed.  However,  whilst 
there,  I  had  caught  the  American  ten- 
dency to  make  prominent  all  literary 
associations  which  promoted  public 
speaking.  Accordingly  I  introduced 
the  project  of  a  literary  association 
for  our  college;  Mr.  Hodgins,  B.A.  56, 
M.A.  '59,  LL.B.  '58,  took  up  the  thought, 
and  was  the1  foremost  in  making  it 
crystallize  into  the  present  literary  so- 
ciety. I  naturally  stood  by  him  during 
the  stormy  debates  which  ushered  it 
into  being. 

During  my  university  course  I  look- 
ed upon  myself  as  fortunate  rather 
than  deserving  in  securing  what  hon- 
ors fell  to  me,  including,  as  they  did, 


TOKONTONENSIA. 


carrying  the  mace  on  convocation  day, 
.and  being  seated  on  the  right  of  the 
late  Judge  Burns,  who,  as  chancellor, 
distributed  the  honors  at  that  convo- 
cation. At  the  annual  dinner  it  also 
fell  to  my  lot  to  answer  to  the  toast 
of  the  honor  men,  at  the  special  re- 
quest of  the  president  of  the  Univer- 
sity, who,  at  that  dinner,  inaugurated 
the  time-honored  custom  of  Oxford  in 
calling  the  year  after  the  one  selected 
to  reply  to  this  toast.  However,  this 
suggestion  of  the  worthy  doctor  did 
not  meet  with  a  hearty  response  that 
year,  but  was  fully  established  the  next 
year,  when  it  was  called  the  Moss  and 
Rattray  year.  How  nearly  some  ap- 
proach to  fame  without  securing  it! 

During  my  last  year  the  present 
buildings  were  in  course  of  erection; 
but  so  carefully  was  the  secret  kept  as 
to  their  intended  use,  that  none  of  the 
students  had  discovered  it.  Hence, 
when,  a  few  months  after  the  convo- 
cation, I  received  an  invitation  to  at- 
tend the  ceremony  of  laying  the  cope- 
stone,  it  came  in  the  nature  of  a  com- 
plete surprise.  Dr.  Wilson,  during  his 
remarks  at  the  dinner,  which  also  com- 
memorated the  event,  explained  to  his 
audience  that  such  secrecy  was  abso- 
lutely necessary  to  secure  their  comple- 
tion. He  further  added  that  such  was 
the  known  hostility  to  the  undertaking 
that  they — the  builders — "  Nehemiah- 
like,"  had  to  build,  with  the  trowel  in 
one  hand  and  a  weapon  in  the  other. 

I  well  remember  how  this  spirit 
showed  itself  in  disappointed  rage  af- 
ter the  University  had  thus  secured  a 
local  habitation  as  well  as  a  name. 

As  to  my  post-graduate  years,  I  have 
spent  them  in  investigating  a  very 
unique  subject,  the  very  statement  of 
which  will  causei  great  surprise  to  the 
reader. 

Those  familiar  with  Xenophon's 
"  ^Memorabilia "  will  remember  how 
minute  the  author  is  in  describing 
Socrates'  relation  to  what  the  latter 
called  his  "  demon."  Xenophon  re- 
lates "  that  when  he  was  convinced 
that  he  had  received  some  intimation 
from  the  gods,  he  would  no  more  have 
"been  persuaded  to  act  contrary  to  such 
intimation  than  any  one  could  have  in- 
duced him  to  take  a  blind  man  as  a 
guide  on  a  journey,  or  one  who  did 
not  know  the  road,  in  preference  to 
one  who  could  see,  and  was  acquaint- 
ed with  it.  And  he  condemned  the 


folly  of  others,  who1,  by  disregarding 
the  intimation  of  the  gods,  sought  to 
avoid  the  bad  opinion  of  men.  As  for 
himself  he  held  all  human  behests 
as  not  worth  a  thought  in  compari- 
son with  the  counsel  of  the  gods." 
These  quotations  from  the  biographer 
of  Socrates  of  themselves  prove  that 
this,  greatest  of  Grecian  sages,  be- 
lieved that  he  received  instructions 
from  some  supernatural  source,  and 
mat  he  carried  them  out  minutely  in 
life. 

Take,  now,  this  thought  and  with  it 
search  the  lives  of  the  prominent 
figures  of  the  past  ages,  and  in  very 
many  will  be  found  similar  experi- 
ences, although  in  none  of  them  in  so 
pronounced  a  form.  Personally  we 
have  carried  the  investigation  into 
Chinese  and  Indian  history,  and  found 
traces  of  it  in  the  ancient  literature  of 
both  peoples.  Of  course  this  thought 
stands  out  in  still  bolder  relief  in  the 
ancient  annals  of  the  Jews;  and  is  still 
morel  conspicuous  in  modern  sacred 
history. 

In  our  researches  we  found  but  one 
religion,  to  wit,  Confucianism,  where 
it  was  distinctly  tabooed. 

The  student  will  find  that  chaos 
reigns  concerning  the  definitions  and 
the  practical  value  of  this  subject,  to 
which  I  began  years  ago  to  devote  the 
energies  of  my  life1. 

Upwards  of  twenty  years  ago,  hav- 
ing exhausted  all  other  methods  of  re- 
search, I  was  confronted  with  the 
knowledge  that  my  further  investiga- 
tions must  be  of  the  practical  person- 
al-experience! sort,  and  after  much 
hesitation  I  took  the  position  that  I 
would  test  the  whole  subject  under  the 
following  conditions:  I  would  hence- 
forth, to  the  close  of  life,  commit  my- 
self to  be  guided  and  managed  by 
whatever  power  or  personality  was 
behind  the  subject,  be  the  result  good, 
bad  or  indifferent.  This  attitude  im- 
plied that  all  my  future  actions  would, 
separately  and  conjointly,  tell  the 
story  as  to  what  would  be  the  result 
if  one  should  commit  himself  to  what 
is  considered  the  supernatural  in  na- 
ture, as  guide  supreme  for  all  his  after 
life. 

Certainly  the  outcome  must  be  one 
of  three  things:  his  life  must  be  either 
better  or  worse,  or  give  evidence  of 
no  outside  force  of  a  supernatural 
character  acting  on  it. 


144 


UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 


Well,  perhaps  I  over-estimate  the 
possiole  advantages  of  such  action  on 
my  part,  and  my  hazardous  venture 
of  upwards  of  a  score  of  years  ago  may 
prove  of  less  value  to  others' than  my 
convictions  makei  it;  but,  all  the  same, 
it  is  a  fact  that  I  have  devoted  my  life 
virtually  to  this  experiment,  venture, 
or  whatever  it  may  finally  be  termed. 

As  to  the  results  of  this  venture  in 
my  life1,  I  have  to  say,  that  to  myself 
they  are  satisfactory  in  the  extreme. 
But,  of  course,  others  have  to  form 
their  independent  opinions  in  their 
study  of  them  and  their  connections. 

Mr.  Editor,  it  will  be  evident  from 
reading  the  above  that  I  am  striving 
in  as  short  •&  space  as  possible  to 
simply  place  before  my  fellow  gradu- 
ates and  undergraduates  a  few  remi- 
niscences of  ye  olden  tymes  of  univer- 
sity life,  and  also  give  a  slight  clue  to 
the  life-work  of  one  of  the  graduates 
of  the  class  of  '57. 

N.  Burns. 

26  Homewood  Ave.,  Toronto, 
January,  1903. 


"  Renaissance  en  France." 

On  Tuesday,  January  13th,  the  Uni- 
versity was  favoured  with  a  lecture 
by  M.  Germain  Martin,  chargg  de  con- 
ferences at  the  University  of  Paris, 
on  the  "  Renaissance  en  France1."  M. 
Martin  is  one  of  the  Harvard  special 
lecturers  for  the  year.  It  has  become 
an  established  custom  with  these  lec- 
turers to  visit  a  number  of  university 
towns  in  the  United  States  and  Can- 
ada after  the  completion  of  their 
courses  at  Harvard.  This  year  M. 
Martin  delivered  some  fifty-six  lec- 
tures in  different  parts  of  the  country, 
four  of  them  being  in  Canada,  viz., 
at  Quebec,  Montreal,  Ottawa  and  To- 
ronto. Last  year  was  the  first  time 
that  the  University  of  Toronto  availed 
itself  of  the  advantage  of  listening  to 
these  distinguished  lecturers.  Those 
who  were  present  at  the  lecture  of  M. 
Hugues  Le  Roux  in  April  last  will  not 
soon  forget  the  charm  of  that  gentle- 
man's eloquence.  This  year  the  charm 
was  not  less  great,  although  it  was 
different  in  kind.  The  subject  of  M. 
Martin's  lecture  would  have  been  more 
correctly  defined  as  some  points  in  the 
architecture  of  the  Renaissance.  He 
confined  his  attention  almost  entirely 
to  the  great  castles  of  the  valley  of 
the.  Loire.  Although  limited  in  this 


way,  the  ground  covered  by  the  lecture 
was  very  wide,  and  the  treatment  of 
it  necessarily  was  somewhat  brief  and 
general  in  character. 

The  pleasure  of  the  lecture  was  very 
much  increased  by  the  excellent  lan- 
tern projections  which  illustrated  it. 
The  only  regrettable  thing  in  connec- 
ts on  with  the  event  was  the  rather 
small  number  of  persons  in  attend- 
ance. 


American  Association  Meeting. 

The  alumni  and  faculty  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Toronto  were  well  represented 
at  the  meeting  of  the  American  Asso- 
ciation for  the  Advancement  of  Science 
v.-hich  took  place  in  Washington,  B.C., 
December  29-30. 

There  were  present  Professors  A.  B. 
Macallum,  T.  L.  Walker,  A.  P.  Cole- 
man,  J.  C.  McLennan,  A.  Kirschmann, 
and  Dr.  Bensley  of  the  University  of 
Toronto,  and  C.  "C.  Stewart,  B.A.  '94, 
demonstrator  of  Physiology,  Univer- 
sity of  Pennsylvania;  J.  Playfair  Mc- 
Murrich,  B.A.,  Ph.D.,  professor  of  An- 
si.omy,  University  of  Michigan;  Prof 
H.  A.  Aikins,  B.A.  '87,  Western  Re- 
serve University,  Cleveland,  O.;  G.  F. 
Hull,  B.A.  '92,  professor  of  Physics, 
Dartmouth  College,  Hanover,  N.H. ;  V. 
E.  Henderson,  B.A.  '99,  M.B.  '02,  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania;  Dr.  Crawford, 
Miss  L.  R.  Laird,  B.A.,  Ph.D.  '96,  Pro- 
fessor of  Physics  Mount  Holyoke  Col- 
lege; Prof.  Edgar  Frisby. 

Professor  A.  'B.  iMacallum  read  a 
paper  on  the  "  Origin  of  the  Relation 
of  Salts  to  Protoplasm."  Prof.  J.  C. 
McLennan  read  a  paper  on  "  Induced 
Radioactivity  Excited  in  Air  at  the 
Foot  of  Waterfalls,"  and  also  one  by 
himself  and  F.  E.  Burton,  B.A.  '02,  on 
"  The  Electrical  Conductivity  of  At- 
mospheric Air." 

Dr.  C.  C.  Stewart,  B.A.  '94,  read  two- 
papers,  first,  "  Some  Minor  Improve- 
ments in  Laboratory  Practice  and  La- 
boratory Apparatus";  second,  "Maxi- 
mum, or  the  Response  of  Muscle  to 
Stimulation." 


The    Harmonic    Club. 

Last  year's  successful  tour  of  the 
Harmonic  Club  enabled  its  executive 
committee  to  arrange  easily  for  a  sec- 
ond visit  to  the  towns  of  Eastern 
Ontario.  The  club  left  Toronto  on 
January  19th,  and  concerts  were  given- 


TOKONTONENSIA. 


145 


in  Lindsay,  Ottawa,  Smith's  Falls, 
Napanee,  Belleville  and  Whitby,  the 
club  arriving  home  on  the  morning  of 
January  25th. 

The  reception  accorded  the  club  at 
each  appearance  was  most  hearty. 
The  attendance  of  the  alumni  was 
large,  and  many  remained  after  the 
concert  to  greet  the  representatives  of 
their  Alma  Mater.  The  knowledge 
gained  by  the  undergraduates  of  the 
real  affection  and  concern  for  the 
University  felt  by  the  alumni  is  a  most 
valuable  result  of  the  tour. 

The  alumni  in  Lennox  and  Adding- 
ton  have  donated  the  proceeds  of  the 
concert  in  Napanee  to  the  general  as- 
sociation. The  success  of  this  concert 
was  largely  due  to  the  efforts  of  H.  M. 
Deroche,  B.A.  '68,  K.C.,  president  of 
the  local  organization;  and  U.  J.  Flack, 
B.A.  '87,  M.A.  '89,  secretary-treasurer; 
Miss  E.  E.  Deroche,  B.A.  '98,  and  P.  F. 
VanEvery,  B.A.  '94. 


The    Saturday    Lectures. 

The  lectures  which  will  be  delivered 
in  the  Chemical  Building  at  three 
o'clock  on  Saturday  afternoons  are 
this  year  in  aid  of  the  Convocation 
Hall  fund.  The  following  Is  the  pro- 
gramme :  — • 

January  31st. — Jungle  Life  in  India 
(with  lantern  illustrations),  Professor 
T.  L.  Walker. 

February  7th. — Raphael  (with  lan- 
tern illustrations),  Professor  W.  H. 
Fraser. 

February  14th. — Robert  Louis  Ste- 
venson, Professor  W.  J.  Alexander. 

February  21st.  —  Some  Canadian 
Ideals,  Rev.  C.  W.  Gordon  (Ralph  Con- 
nor). 

February  28th.— The  Madrigal,  Glee, 
and  Part  Song  (with  musical  illustra- 
tions), Dr.  Albert  Ham. 

April*.  —  Foreign     Influences     on 
Shakespeare,  Dr.  Sidney  Lee. 

*Date  to  be  announced  later. 


Alumni  Publications. 

Thomas  Hodgins,  M.A.,  K.C.,  "The 
Alaska-Canada  Boundary  Dispute." 
Reprinted  from  the  "  Contemporary 
Review." 

W.  E.  Lingelbach,  Ph.D.  "  The 
Merchant  Adventurers  of  England, 
their  Laws  and  Ordinances,  with 
other  Documents.  Second  Series. 


Translations    and    Reprints    from    the- 
Original  Sources  of  European  History. 
(Established  1894.)  Vol.  II.,  260  pages. 
Published  by  the  Department  of  His- 
tory of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania. 

James  Mills,  M.A.,  LL.D.;  J.  B.  Rey- 
nolds, B.A. ;  Melville  Gumming,  B.A., 
B.S.A.;  C.  A.  Zavitz,  B.S.A.;  Robert 
Harcourt,  B.S.A. ;  F.  C.  Harrison, 
B.S.A.,  D.P.H.;  H.  H.  Dean,  B.S.A. ; 
W.  Lochead,  B.A.,  M.S.;  M.  W.  Do- 
herty,  B.S.A.,  M.A.;  H.L.Hutt,  B.S.A.;. 
W.  P.  Gamble,  B.S.A.;  G.  E.  Day, 
B.S.A.;  Ontario  Agricultural  College, 
"  Naturei  Study/'  "  Studies  in  Agricul- 
ture." Ontario  Agriculture  College 
Bulletin,  124. 

J.  S.  Plaskett,  B.A.,  University  of 
Toronto,  "  Photography  in  Natural 
Colours,"  Proceedings  of  the  Cana- 
dian Institute,  1902. 

F.  H.  Wallace,  M.A.,  D.D.,  Victoria 
University,  "  Objective  and  Subjec- 
tive: A  study  in  Paulinism,"  in  the 
"  Methodist  Review,"  New  York,  No- 
vember, 1902. 


University   Sermons. 

The  first  of  the  series  of  six  sermons 
arranged  to  be  delivered  in  the  Wy- 
cliffe  College  convocation  hall  upon 
Sundays  in  the  present  term  was 
preached  on  January  25th  by  Rev 
John  DeSoyres,  St.  John's.  N.B..  before 
an  audience  of  some  six  hundred 
members  of  the  faculty  and  students. 
Among  those  on  the  platform  were 
Vice-Chancellor  Moss  and  President 
Loudon.  The  service  was  conducted  by 
Principal  Sheraton  in  the  absence, 
through  illness,  of  Chancellor  Burwash. 
The  remaining  sermons  and  preachers 
are  as  follows: — Feb.  8. — Rev.  W.  T. 
Herridge,  B.A.  '80,  D.D.,  Ottawa. 
Feb.  22.— Rev.  C.  W.  Gordon,  B.A, 
'83  (Ralph  Connor),  Winnipeg.  Mar. 
15.— Rev.  Jos.  Barclay,  D.D.,  Montreal. 
Mar.  29.— Rev.  Principal  Maggs,  Mont- 
real. April  12.— Rev.  H.  J.  Cody, 
B.A.  89,  M.A.  '90,  Toronto. 


Faculty  of  Arts. 

Class  of  1879. 

J.    I.   Bates,   B.A.    (Ob.). J.    C.    F. 

Bown,  B.A..  is  a  barrister,  and  prac- 
tises    in     Edmonton,    Alta. E.     R. 

Cameron.    B.A.,   M.A.    '82,   is   registrar- 

of  the  Supreme  Court  at  Ottawa. 

Hon.  J.D.Cameron,  B.A.,  is  a  barrister 


146 


UNIVERSITY  OF  TOEONTO  MONTHLY 


-at  Winnipeg,  Man. 
B.A.,    resides     at     Alliston,    Ont. 


W.   E.   Carroll, 
J. 


Carruthers,  B.A.,  is  a  barrister  at  Til 

sonburg,   Ont. R.    S,    Cassels,   B.A., 

is  a  barrister,  4  Wellington  Street  E., 

Toronto. J.    Chisholm,    B.A.,    is    a 

barrister,  69  James  Street  S.,  Hamilton, 

Ont. D.  K.  Clarke,  B.A.,  is  a  teacher 

in     Woodstock     College,     Woodstock, 

Ont. S.  Cleaver,  B.A.,  is  a  Methodist 

clergyman     residing     at     432     Jarvis 

Street,    Toronto. E.    N.    Clements, 

B.A.,  is  a  barrister  at  Yarmouth,  N.S. 

— F.  T.  Congdon,  B.A.,  LL.B.  '83,  is 

Dominion  Commissioner  in  the  Yukon, 

Dawson  City,  Y.T. T.  P.  Corcoran, 

B.A.     (Ob.). J.     A.     Culham,     B.A., 

M.A.  '80,  is.  a  barrister,  Bank  of  Com- 
merce Building,  Hamilton,  Ont. 

G.  Davis,  B.A.,  is  a  barrister,  a  mem- 
ber of  the  law  firm  of  Vanschaack  & 
Edwards,  People's  Building,  Denver, 
Col. J.  W.  Delaney,  B.A.,  is  a  bar- 
rister at  Trenton,  Ont. J.  E.  Dick- 
son,  B.A.,  is  a*  teacher  at  Orillia,  Ont. 

G.  B.  .Douglas,  B.A.,  is  a  barrister 

practising  in  Chatham,  Ont.  —  —  J. 
W.  Elliott,  B.A.,  is  a  barrister,  and 

practices    in    Milton,    Ont. M.  M. 

Fenwick,  B.A.,  is  manager  of  the 
Moon  Publishing  Co.,  Adelaide  Street. 
E.,  and  resides  at  303  Givens 

Street,    Toronto. J.     Gibson,    B.A , 

M.A.  '81  (Ob.) J.  A.  Hamilton,  B.A., 

M.A.  '82,  is  a  Presbyterian  clergyman 

at  Londesborough,  Ont. Hon.  F.  W. 

G.  Haul  tain,  B.A.,  is  premier  of  the 
North-West  Territories,  and  resides 

at  Regina. T.  A.  Haultain,  B.A., 

M.A.  '80,  is  engaged  in  literary  work, 
and  resides  at  49  Huxley  Streeet,  To- 
ronto.  J.  M.  Hunter,  B.A.,  M.A.  '81, 

(Ob.). A.   W.   Marling,   B.A.    (Ob.). 

W.    McBride1,    B.A.,    M.A.    '81,    is 

manager  of  the  North  American  .Life 

Insurance   Co.,   Winnipeg,   Man. C. 

C.  McCaul,  B.A.,  is  a  barrister  in  Daw- 
son,  Y.T. A.  G.  McLachlin,  B.A.,  is 

a  Presbyterian  clergyman  at  Harring- 
ton, Ont. D.  McLaren,  B.A.,  is  a 

Presbyterian  clergyman  at  Alexandria, 

Ont. W.  J.  R.  McMinn,  B.A.   (Ob.). 

J.  Playfair  McMurrich,  B.A.,  M.A. 

'82,  Ph.D.  (Johns  Hopkins),  is  profes- 
sor of  Anatomy  in  the  University  of 

Michigan,  Ann  Arbor,  Michigan. J. 

Neil.hJ.A.,  is  pastor  of  the  Westminster 
Presbyterian  Church,  Bloor  Street,  and 
resides  at  18  Charles  Street,  Toronto. 
J.  W.  Patterson,  B.A.,  M.A.  '80, 


M.B.  '84  (Ob.). A.  M.  Shields',  B.A.. 

is  a  teacher  at  Campbellford,  Ont. 

George  Smith,  B.A.,  M.A.  '80,  is  a  bar- 
rister at  Woodstock,  Ont. P.  Toews, 

B.A.,  M.A.  '83,  is  an  Instructor  in  Ger- 
man in  University  College,  Toronto. 

W.  G.  Wallace,  B.A.,  M.A.  '82,  is 

pastor  of  the  Bloor  Street  Presbyterian 
Church,  and  resides  at  15  Madison 
Avenue,  Toronto. 

The  addresses  of  the  following  are 
unknown: 

Addison,  Cole,  B.A. W.  Hugh 

Graham,  B.A. William  Goldsmith 

McLachlin,  B.A. Edwin  Daniel 

Smith,  B.A. Edward  Sullivan,  B.A. 


Graduates  Victoria  University — Arts. 
1869. 

J.   A.    Clarke,   B.A.,    M.A.    '73,   B.fcic. 

(Ob.) T.Colling,  B.A.,  is  living  in 

Niagara  Falls,  Ont. H.  F.  Gardiner, 

B.A.,  M.A.  '70,  is  living  in  Hamilton, 

Ont. J.  Moore,  B.A.,  M.A.  '72,  LL.B. 

'74,  is  living  in  Crookston,  Minn. — 
M.   M.   McPherson,   B.A.,   M.A.   '72,   is 
living  in  Prescott,  Ont. A.  F,  Wall- 
bridge,  B.A.,  (M.A.  '70,  is  living  in  New- 
castle, Ont. E.  S.  Washington,  B.A. 

(Go.) J.  B.  A.  Wass,  B.A.,  M.A.  '73, 

is  living  in  Lambton,  Ont. 

The  address  of  the  following  is  un- 
known: 

John  William  Raveill,  B.A.,  M.A.  '72. 

1870. 
C.  M.  Bice,  B.A.,  is  living  in  Denver, 

Col. David  Robson,  B.A.,  is  living 

in  New  Westminster,  B.C. Rev.  A. 

L.  Russell,  B.A.,  M.A.  '74,  is  a  Metho- 
dist clergyman  in  Highgate,  Ont. 

E.  S.  Wiggins,  B.A.,  M.A.  '72,  is  living 

on   Daly  Ave.,   Ottawa,   Ont. J.   A. 

Wright,  B.A.,  LL.B.   '73,  is  living  in 
Picton,  Ont. 

Graduates    in    Medicine,.   1897. 


A.    H.    Addy,    M.B., 
in    Binbrook,    Ont. — 


is   a   physician 
-W.    R.    Alway, 


M.B.,  is  a  physician  in  Everett,  Ont. 

W.  H.  K.  Anderson,  B.A.  '93,  M.B., 

is    a    physician    in     the    Quarantine 

Office    in    Vancouver,     B.C. H.    A, 

Beatty,    M.B.,    is    practising    medicine 

at  207  Simcoe  Street,  Toronto Miss 

K    Bradshaw,  M.B.,  is  a  physician  at 

34  Madison  Avenue,  Toronto. G.  i. 

Campbell,  M.B.,  is  a  physician  in  Grand 
Valley,    Ont. \V.     E.    R.   Goad,  M.B., 


TOKONTONENSIA. 


147 


:is  practising  medicine  in  Franklin, 
Man. R.  Culbertson,  M.B.,  is  -a  phy- 
sician in  Dauphin,  Minn. J.  A. 

Cummings,  M.B.,  is  a  physician  at 
Bond  Head,  Ont. W.  F.  Cunning- 
ham, M.B.,  is  a  physician  in  Seattle, 

Wash,  U.S.A. J.  H.  Elliott,  M.B.,  is 

physician-in-charge  at  the  Sanitarium 

at    Gravenhurst. W.    Elliott,    M.B., 

is    a    physician    at    Escanaba,    Mich., 

U.S.A. F.    J.    R.    Forster,    M.B.,    is 

practising    medicine    at    Caistorville, 

Ont. J.  M.  H.  Gillies,  B.A.  '93,  M.B., 

is  a  physician  at  Teeswater,  Ont. — 
J.  Grant,  M.B.,  is  a  physician  at  Vic- 
toria Road,  Ont. G.A.Hassard.M.B., 

is  a  physician  in  Harrow,  Ont. J.  J. 

C.  Hume,1  M.B.  (Ob.) G.  H.  Jack- 
son, M.B.,  is  a  physician  in  Union, 
Ont. J.  E.  Klotz,  M.B.,  is  a  physi- 
cian at  170  Metcalfe  Street,  Ottawa, 
Ont. J.  E.  Lundy,  M.B.,  is  practis- 
ing medicine  in  Portage  la  Prairie, 

Man. G.  H.  Malcolmson,  M.B.,  is  a 

physician  at  Pincher  Creek,  Alta. 

W.  F.  Mayburry,  B.A.  '94,  M.B.,  is  a 
physician  at  199  Rideau  Street,  Ot- 
tawa, Ont. J.  A.  Morgan,  M.B.,  is  a 

physician    at    Bridgenorth,    Ont. J. 

P.  Morton,  M.B.,  is  a  physician  at  148 

James    Street   S.,    Hamilton,    Ont. 

J.H.  Mullin,M.B.,  is  a  practising  physi- 
cian, residing  at  76  James  Street  N., 

Hamilton,  Ont. D.  McGillivray,M.B., 

is  a  practising  physician  and  Assist- 
ant Demonstrator  of  Anatomy  in  ths 
Medical  Faculty  of  the  University  of 
Toronto;  he  resides  at  42  Carlton 

Street. N.  W.   Mclnnes,   M.B.,  is  a, 

pLysician    in   Vittoria,    Ont. R.    E. 

McKibbon,  M.B.,  is  a  physician  at  Lo- 

Ifta,    Cal.,    U.S.A. A.    K.    MacLean, 

M.B.,   is  a  physician  in  Chicago,   111., 

U.S.A. A.    T.    McNamara,    M.B.,    is 

practising  medicine  in  Toronto  Junc- 
tion, Ont. R.  Nichol,  B.A  '94,  M.B., 

is  a  physician   in  Cornwall,   Ont. — 
S.  W.   Radcliffe,  M.B.,  is  a  physician 

IT?  Moosejaw,  Assa. G.  Royce,  B.A. 

'94,   M.B.,   is   a  physician   in   Ottawa, 

Ont. W.  E.  Struthers,  M.B.,  M.R.C. 

S.,  L.R.C.P.  (London),  L.R.C.P.  &  S. 
(Edin.  and  Glas.),  is  a  physician  in 

Lanark,  Ont. R.  F.  Webb,  M.B.,  is 

a  physician  of  49  and  50,  "The  Gilbert," 

Grand  Rapids,  Mich.,  U.S.A. W.  J. 

Wesley,  M.B.,  is  a  physician  at  Mount 
Albert,  Ont. [Miss  Jean  McD.  Wil- 
son, M.B.,  is  a  physician  at  378  Victoria 

-Street,  Toronto. J.  S.  Wright,  M.B., 

is  a  physician  in  Little  Valley,  N.Y. 


— W.  L.  Yeomans,M.B.,  is  practising 
medicine  at  130  S.  Sandusky  Avenue. 
Bucyres,  Ohio,  U.S.A. 


Personals. 

J.  J.  Mclllhargey,  M.D.  '79,  died  Nov- 
ember 13,  1883. 

R.  P.  Mills,  M.B.  '79,  died  some  time 
ago  in  Detroit,  Mich. 

JVHss  K.  L.  Mullins,  B.A.  '98,  is  re- 
siding at-  228  E.  13  St.,  New  York. 

J.  W.  Bowman,  M.B.  '67,  is  a  prac- 
tising physician  in  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

A.  C.  Bowerman,  M.B.  '76,  has  re- 
moved from  Gilroy  to  Brentwood,  Cai. 

A  University  of  Toronto  Alumnae 
Association  is  proposed  in  Hamilton. 

J.  G.  McKee,  M.D.,  C.M.  '92,  has  re- 
moved from  Chicago  to  Sturgeon  Fall.3, 
Ont. 

C.  A.  McRae,  B.A.  '02,  is  a  lecturer 
in  Hebrew  at  Trinity  University,  To- 
ronto. 

H.  T.  Wallace,  B.A.  '02,  is  studying 
theology  in  Queen's  University,  King- 
ston, Ont. 

R.  M.  Chase,  B.A.  '98,  is  doing  tutori- 
al work  in  Toronto,  residing  at  87  Hay- 
den  Street. 

J.  W.  Hedley,  B.A,  '02,  is  teaching 
mathematics  in  the  high  school  at 
Lucan'  Ont. 

J.  B.  Crozier,  M.B.  '72,  resides  at  9 
Elgin  Avenue,  Westbotirne  Park, 
London,  Eng. 

Walter  L.  Nichol,  B.A.  '02,  has 
charge  of  a  Presbyterian  mission  at 
Mount  Lehman,  B.C. 

Miss  M.  M.  McMahen,  B.A.  '02,  is  on 
the  staff  of  Harding  Hall,  a  ladies' 
college  in  London,  Ont. 

F.  H.  Broder,  B.A.  '02,  has  entered 
commercial  life.  His  address  is  466 
Kennedy  St.,  Winnipeg. 

A.  McVicar,  B.A.  '96,  has  been  ap- 
pointed to  the  staff  of  the  collegiatei 
institute  at  London,  Ont. 

Dr.  A.  A.  Small,  M.B.  '95,  is  a  prac- 
tising physician,  and  resides  at  100 
State  Street,  Chicago,  111. 

W.  H.  Metzler,  B.A.  '88,  and  J.  R 
Street  are  editors  of  the  "  Journal  of 
Pedagogy,"  Syracuse,  N.Y. 

The  Rev.  J.  W.  McMillan,  B.A.  '88, 
has  accepted  a  call  to  St.  Andrew's 
Presbyterian  church,  Winnipeg. 

Miss  M.  L.  Robertson,  B.A.  '94,  is  at 
present  studying  at  Columbia  Univer- 
sity, and  teaching  in  Barnard  College, 
New  York. 


143 


UNIVEESITY  OF  TOEONTO  MONTHLY. 


Rev.  G.  W.  Kerby,  B.A.  88,  has 
been  invited  to  the  pulpit  of  the  Cen- 
tral Methodist  church,  Stratford,  Ont. 

R.  G.  Hunter,  B.A.  '99,  is  a  member 
of  the  law  firm  of  Rolph,  Brown  &. 
Hunter,  32  Adelaide  Street  E.,  Toronto. 

C.  B.  Bingham,  B.A.  '02,  has  been 
an  agent  of  the  New  York  Life  in- 
surance Company  in  Toronto  since 
graduation. 

E.  M.  Wilcox,  B.A.  '01,  has  left  To- 
rrnto  to  enter  the  office  of  Messrs. 
Wood,  Harmon  &  Company,  brokers, 
256-257  Broadway,  New  York. 

Rev.  E.  N.  Baker,  B.A.  '79,  M.A.  '82, 
B.D.,  formerly  of  Stratford,  Ont.,  has 
become  pastor  of  the  Broadway 
Methodist  Tabernacle,  Toronto. 

Rev.  James  Barber,  B.A.  '95,  M.A. 
'98,  formerly  of  Forest,  has  been  in- 
ducted into  the  pastoral  charge  of  the 
Presbyterian  church,  Arthur,  Ont. 
Q  W.  .1.  Withrow,  S.P.S.  '90,  has 
been  appointed  one  of  the  patent  ex- 
aminers in  the  patent  branch  of  the 
Department  of  Agriculture  at  Ottawa. 

R.    H.    Rowland,    B.A.    '98,    has   just 
been  appointed  teacher  of  French  and 
German  in  the  Peddie  Institute,  a  large 
Baptist  secondary   school   at  Heights 
town,  New  Jersey. 

Dr.  A.  H.  Montgomery,  B.A.  '98, 
M.B.  '01,  a  practising  physician  and 
assistant  in  Anatomy  at  tne  senior 
branch  of  Cornell  Medical  School,  re- 
sides at  209  West  102nd  Street,  New 
York. 

W.  A.  Hare,  B.A.Sc.  '99,  has  resign- 
ed his  position  as  mechanical  engineer 
for  Rhodes,  Curry  &  Co.,  Limited,  Am- 
herst,  N.S.,  and  is  now  on  the  engi- 
neering staff  of  the  Illinois  Steel  Co., 
of  Joliet,  111. 

W.  E.  Struthers,  M.B.  '97,  who  has 
spent  the  past  year  abroad,  has  secur- 
ed the  English  degree  of  M.R.C.S.  and 
L.R.C.P.,  London,  and  the  L.R.C.P.  and 
S.,  Edinburgh  and  Glasgow  degrees. 

Hamilton  Meikle1,  M.D.  '80,  is  a  sur- 
geon in  the  British  navy.  His  father, 
the  Rev.  Wm.  Meikle,  who  was  a  re- 
tired Presbyterian  minister,  died  a 
short  time  ago  at  his  residence,  No.  35 
Robert  St.,  Toronto. 


Rev.  J.  McCoy,  B.A.  '75,  M.A.  '76, 
late  of  Vernon,  B.C.,  has  opened  a 
Ladies'  College  at  Victoria,  the  pros- 
pects of  whose  success  are  said  to  be 
very  bright. 

Rev.  Malcolm  McGregor,  B.A.  '78, 
M.A.  '81,  has  removed  from  Winnipeg 
to  Toronto,  to  be  editor  of  the  publi- 
cations of  the  Westminster  Publishing 
Co.,  in  place  of  the  Rev.  J.  A.  Mac- 
donald,  now  managing  editor  of  the 
Toronto  Globe. 

At  the  recent  meeting  of.  the  Senate 
of  the  University,  Dr.  Kirschmann 
offered  an  annual  scholarship  of  $25 
to  be  given  to  the  third  year  student 
obtaining  the  best  standing  on,  the 
combined  results  in  Optics  of  the  sec- 
ond year,  and  Experimental  Psychol- 
ogy of  the  third  year. 

The  Rev.  E.  B.  Crummy,  B.A.  '87, 
B.Sc.,  Kingston,  Ont.,  is  succeeding  the 
Rev.  F.  A.  Cassidy,  B.A.  '81,  M.A.  '85, 
in  the  charge  of  the  Norfolk  Street 
Methodist  church,  Guelph,  Ont.  The' 
Rev.  Mr.  Cassidy,  with  his  wife  and 
family,  has  gone  to  Japan,  where  he 
will  undertake  missionary  work. 

F.  J.  A.  Davidson,  B.A.  '90,  M.A.  '93, 
Ph.D.,  who  has  been  appointed  special 
lecturer  in  Spanish  in  the  University, 
spent  two  years  after  graduation  in 
post-graduate  work  in  Germany,  re- 
ceiving the  degree  of  Ph.D.  from 
Leipzig.  He  was  a  professor  in  French 
and  Spanish  in  Stanford  University, 
Gal.,  until  1900,  when  he  was  ap- 
pointed head  of  the  department  of 
Romance  Languages  in  the  University 
of  Cincinnati,  which  position  he  re- 
signed in  the  following  year  owing  to 
the  demands  made  on  his  time  by 
business  interests  in  Toronto. 


Deaths. 

Boyd— At  Hull,  Que.,  August  8th, 
1902,  Rev.  C.  Boyd. 

Cohen — At  Edinburgh,  Scotland,  De- 
cember 20th,  Murray  L.  Cohen,  B.A. 
'99,  M.A.  '00. 

Qnantz—  J.  0.  Quant/.  B.A.  '94,  Ph.D., 
died  very  recently  in  Moose  Jaw, 
N.W.T.,  where  he  was  principal  of  the 
collegiate  school. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY  is  published  during  the  college  year  in  nine 
monthly  issues.  The  subscription  price  is  ONE  DOLLAR  per  year,  single  copies  FIFTEEN 
CENTS.  All  subscriptions  are  credited,  October-June,  unless'otherwise  ordered. 

All  remittances  and  communications  should  be  addressed  to  J.C.  McLennan,  Ph.D., 
Secretary  of  the  University  of  Toronto  Alumni  Association,  Dean's  Hou*e,  University 
of  Toronto. 


THE 

UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

VOL.  III.  MARCH,  1903.  No.  6. 

TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 

PAGE  PAGE 

Sartor  Resartns,  By  W.  J.  Alexander,  New  York  Alumni  Banquet    .     .  171 

B.A.,Ph.D 149  Montreal   Alumni 171 

Ad  DivamNicotinam,  .By.R.  J. Banner,  Oxford  County  Alumni      .     .     .  172 

B.A 156  The   Harmonic  Club     .     .      .     .172 

*  The  Study  of  the  Romance  Languages,  Reminiscence  by  His  Honor  Judge 

ByF.  J.  A.  Davidson,  M. A., Ph.D.  156  Boys 172 

The   Value   of  Research  Work  as  a  Cycle  of  Musical  Festivals     .     .  173 

Training  for  Technical  Chemists  :  The  University  and  its  Critics     .  173 

Symposium  :  Graduates  of  the  Faculty  of  Arts, 

F.  B.  Kenrick,  M.A.,  Ph.D.  159  Class  of  1871 174 

J.  M.  Francis,  M.D.    .      .     .  161  Graduates  of  the  Faculty  of  Arts, 
Harold  Van  Der  Linde,     .     .  163  (Victoria)  Class  of  1871     .     .  175 

A.  McGitl,  B.A 165  Graduates  of  the  Faculty  of  Medi- 

Edgar  B.  Kenrick,  B.A.    .     .  167  cine,  Class  of  1877   .     .     .     .175 

W.  Hodgson  Ellis,  M.A.,M.B.  168  Personals    .     .' 175 

Torontonensia .  170  Marriages 176 

Boundary  Posts 171  Deaths 176 

UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY  is  published  during  the  college  year  in  nine 
monthly  issues.  The  subscription  price  is  ONE  DOLLAR  per  year,  single  copies  FIFTEEN 
CENTS.  All  subscriptions  are  credited,  October- June,  unless  otherwise  ordered. 

All  remittances  and  communications  should  be  addressed  to  J.  C.  McLennan, 
Ph.D.,  Secretary  of  the  University  of  Toronto  Alumni  Association,  Dean's  House, 
University  of  Toronto. 

SARTOR  RESARTUS.* 

BY  W.  J.  ALEXANDER,  B.  A.,  PH.D., 

Professor  of  English,  "University  College. 

ARTOR  RESARTUS  "  is  a  book  which,  if  not  epoch-making 
in  the  history  of  literature,  has  been  epoch-making  in 
the  history  of  many  an  individual  reader.  Erom  its  perusal,  many 
a  one  has  risen  up  with  the  feeling,  that  in  some  fashion  it  has 
made  him  a  different  man.  Its  influence  was,  doubtless,  greatest 
in  the  first  quarter  of  a  century  after  its  publication,  and  perhaps 
has  already  grown  in  some  measure  obsolete;  but,  be  that  as  it  may, 
it  is  still  interesting  both  as  a  literary  phenomenon,  and  as  reflecting 
exactly  the  features  of  its  author,  who,  at  least,  whether  we  regard 

*Read  before  the  Alumni  Association    of    Queen's    University,    Kingston, 
February  10th,  1903. 


150  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY. 

as  a  man  or  as  a  literary  force,  is  not  likely  to  grow  obsolete  as  long, 
as  human  nature  and  English  literature  are  subjects  of  study.  It  is, 
further,  something  quite  unique  in  our  literature.  No  one  ever 
opens  it  without  the  impression  that  here  is  a  strange  piece  of  work. 
It  does  not  lend  itself  to  classification  under  the  usual  literary 
categories;  it  is  neither  philosophy  nor  fiction,  nor  science,  nor 
poetry,  nor  essay,  nor  biography,  though  perhaps  it  partakes  some- 
thing of  all  these.  This  oddity,  this  refractoriness  to  classifica- 
tion under  acknowledged  forms,  to  reference  to  common  standards,. 
evidently  confounded  its  earliest  readers,  who,  as  the  appendix  in- 
serted by  Carlyle  himself  shows,  knew  not  what  to  make  of  it.  And 
to  this  day,  though  now  its  merit  is  generally  admitted,  "  Sartor 
Resartus"  is  likely  to  seem,  on  first  acquaintance,  a  questionable  and 
problematic  production;  the  extraordinary  literary  methods  adopt- 
ed inevitably  suggest  that  we  have  here  the  outcome  of  mere  whim 
and  caprice,  that  the  author  might  have  couched  whatever  he  had 
to  say  in  more  usual  and  conventional  form.  But  the  truth  is  that 
if  the  book  did  succeed,  and  success  it  undoubtedly  has  had,  if  it 
is  currently  reckoned  among  the  great  works  of  a  great  writer,  this- 
is  just  because  it  conformed  so  exactly  to  the  genius  and  require- 
ments of  its  author.  If  it  is  a  strange  book,  it  is  because  the  writer 
himself  was  extraordinary  and  required  a  novel  form  for  the  ade- 
quate expression  of  his  personality.  The  peculiarities  of  "  Sartor  " 
in  this  regard  are  analogous  to  the  peculiarities  of  Carlyle's  general 
style.  It  is  now  generally  admitted  that  his  departures  from 
the  ordinary  norm  of  English  prose  are  not  fundamentally  the  out- 
come of  affectation  or  whim;  that  he  wrote  in  the  fashion  natural 
to  him,  and  could  not  otherwise  so  adequately  and  fittingly  have- 
given  utterance  to  the  conceptions  with  which  his  spirit  laboured. 
It  is  admittedly  a  style  sui  generis,  extremely  individual,  and  hence 
never  successfully  adopted  by'  other  writers.  In  like  manner, 
"Sartor  Resartus,"  odd,  amorphous,  objectionable  on  many  grounds, 
no  model  for  others,  is  notwithstanding  an  exact  representation 
of  the  character  and  genius  of  its  author;  its  defects  are  the  de- 
fects of  the  man,  its  peculiarities  are  such  as  to  afford  the  best 
opportunity  for  the  representation  of  his  own  individual  point  of 
view. 

"  Sartor  Resartus  "  (begun  in  the  autumn,  1830,  when  he  was. 
thirty-five  years  of  age,  and  completed  in  middle  of  1831)  was 
the  first  of  Carlyle's  more  ambitious  and  more  original  efforts. 
Up  to  this  date  he  had  been  rather  an  interpreter  of  other  men's 
views  than  an  expounder  of  his  own.  He  was  late  in  development,, 
not  merely  late  (as  many  writers  have  been)  in  winning  recognition ; 
but  slow  in  maturing.  He  may  be  said  to  have  attained  middle  life 
before  working  out  his  distinctive  opinions  or  fully  attaining  his 


SARTOR  RESARTUS.  151 

characteristic  style.  There  is  usually  a  period  of  clarification 
in  the  life  of  a  thoughtful  man,  subsequent  to  his  attainment  of 
complete  physical  growth,  when  defimteiiess  as  to  his  views  of 
things  in  general,  as  to  his  aptitudes  and  aims  gradually  emerges. 
It  is  the  completion  of  this  period  that  is  marked  in  Carlyle's 
history  by  the  production  of  "  Sartor  Eesartus."  For  long  years 
he  had  been  in  6  receptive  and  tentative  mood;  now  at  length  he 
assumes  definiteiy--aiid  finally  his  characteristic  attitude  and  con- 
victions. This  process  of  crystallization  was  not  instantaneous; 
already  scattered  in  his  essays,  more  particularly  in  "  Signs  of 
the  Times  "  (1829),  are  to  be  found  distinctive  utterances.  But 
"  Sartor  "  is  one  of  those  books  which  we  sometimes  find  early  in  a 
writer's  career,  when  the  author,  as  if  fearful  lest  he  should  fail 
of  another  opportunity  to  communicate  his  ideas  to  the  world,, 
crowds  his  .pages  with  at  least  brief  hints  of  everything  that  he 
deems  specially  his  own.  For  this  very  reason  "  Sartor  "  is  more 
adequately  representative  of  the  genius  and  thought  of  Carlyle 
than  any  other  single  work  of  his,  and  contains  the  germ  of  every- 
thing that  is  distinctive  of  his  teaching  and  of  his  manner.  Fur- 
ther, it  is  a  book  that  springs  from  inward  impulse,  not  from 
external  call,  and  was  written  to  give  relief  to  the  pent  up  thoughts 
and  feelings  of  its  author. 

Some  of  the  main  ingredients  that  had  entered  into  the  solution 
and  which  gave  substance  and  form  to  the  product,  may  be  indi- 
cated. First  of  all,  the  environment  of  his  youthful  days;  the 
strenuous,  serious,  practical  and  somewhat  hard  and  narrow  in- 
fluences of  Scotch  family,  social  and  religious  life  in  such  a  com- 
munity as  that  of  Ecclefechan.  It  should  be,  noted  that  in  the 
case  of  Carlyle  there  wfas  here  no  discordant  element — the  stem 
and  upright  father,  the  fervent  and  pious  mother,  the  practical  an  I 
serious  public  opinion  of  the  little  community,  all  united  to  direct 
the  boy  in  the  same  path.  But,  above  all,  we  must  observe  that 
his  inborn  temperament  and  aptitudes  afforded  wholly  congenial 
soil  for  these  influences.  Here  was  no  pleasure-loving  nature  like 
that  of  Burns  to  feel  chilled  and  repelled  by  the  spirit  and  disci- 
pline of  Scotch  peasant  life.  As  for  the  religious  and  intellectual 
atmosphere  which  surrounded  his  youth,  it  was  in  truth  the  atmos- 
phere of  the  17th  century;  we  seem  to  be  back  in  the  time  of  the 
Puritans.  The  intellectual  and  spiritual  currents  which  rose  in  the 
latter  part  of  the  17th  and  in  the  18th  century,  had  scarcely  pene- 
trated to  the  secluded  peasant  community  of  Fcclefechan.  All  the 
more  foreign  and  disturbing  was  the  second  great  ingredient 
in  Carlyle's  spiritual  cauldron,  the  sceptical  and  positive  spirit  of 
the  literature  of  the  18th  century — with  which  Carlyle  inevitablv 
came  in  contact  in  the  course  of  his  mental  growth  and  in  his 


152  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

university  career — the  spirit  which  manifested  itself  in  the  work 
of  Hume,  of  Gibbon,  of  Voltaire.  This  influence  sufficed  to  destroy 
the  theoretical  basis  upon  which  Carlyle's  earlier  convictions 
rested.  But  with  the  position  in  which  he  was  thus  left,  the 
bent  of  his  nature  and  character  forced  him  to  be  discontented. 
Unlike  the  placid  Hume,  or  Gibbon,  he  could  find  no  satisfaction 
in  the  uncongenial  world  of  negatives  and  scepticism;  and  at 
length  the  third  great  component  entered  his  intellectual  and  spirit- 
ual jlife  through  German  literature — an  influence  in  part  a  re- 
action against,  partly  a  supplement  to  the  spirit  of  the  18th  century. 
To  these  three  components  must,  of  course,  be  added  many  mis- 
cellaneous additions  from  his  widening  experience  of  men  and 
things — his  broader  view  of  the  world,  for  example,  to  which  his 
connection  with  the  Bullers,  his  travels  in  England  and  France, 
•and  so  forth,  had  introduced  him.  These,  in  many  respects  op- 
posed or  incongruous  elements,  set  up  a  great  and  long  continued 
ebullition.  A  spirit  so  unconventional,  so  self-reliant,  so  unique 
as  that  of  Carlyle  could  certainly  not  implicitly  accept  the  doc- 
trine of  any  school  or  teacher.  The  result  must  be  something  in 
harmony  with  his  own  nature  and  needs,  hrence  something  markedly 
individual.  During  the  early  years  of  his  isolation,  in  the  lonely 
Craigenputtoch  (which  began  in  1828),  this  ebullition  was  sub- 
siding, and  out  of  the  chaotic  mixture,  as  his  journal  quoted  in 
Froude's  Life  bears  witness,  the  clear  forms  of  his  own  permanent 
convictions  were  crystallizing. 

No  sooner  was  the  process  complete  than  his  ideas  pressed 
clamorously  for  utterance;  he  felt  the  urgent  need  of  self-expres- 
eion.  Nay,  more,  .he  had,  he  thought,  a  message  for  his  day  and 
generation, — a  gospel  to  preach.  But  something  to  say  is  not 
enough;  a  means  for  saying  it,  a  suitable  medium  of  expression, 
must  be  found.  The  form  of  Carlyle's  work  hitherto — his  History 
of  German  literature,  his  reviews,  his  essays  — had  not  and  could 
not  afford  this;  but  in  September,  1830,  he  hit  upon  a  new  vein 
and  began  writing  an  article  of  a  new  kind  on  clothes,  "  the  strang- 
est of  all  things,  a  very  singular  piece,  I  assure  you."  The 
article  was  completed  by  the  end  of  the  following  month  and  sent 
to  the  editor  of  "  -Fraser's  Magazine."  But  there  was  something 
specially  congenial  to  the  writer  in  the  conception  of  this  work. 
The  germinal  ideas  continued  to  bud  and  branch;  he  therefore 
eagerly  recalled  his  magazine  contribution,  and  in  February,  1831, 
began  recasting  and  enlarging  it;  by  the  end  of  July  it  had  grown 
into  "  Sartor." 

Never  was  Carlyle  more  in  earnest  than  in  this  volume,  and 
-earnest  and  serious  Carlyle,  if  any  man,  was;  never  more  confident 
•of  the  truth  and  value  of  his  opinions,  and  Carlyle's  confidence  in 


SARTOR  RESARTUS.  153 

his ' opinions  reached  the  point  of  arrogance;  never  more  assured 
as  to  the  value  of  his  writing  for  the  world.     Yet  open  it,  and  in- 
stead of  a  serious  and  direct  statement  of  his  views,  we  have  what 
might  at  first  sight  seem  an  exhibition  of  wild  humour,  a  burlesque, 
a  prolonged  jest,  where  the  writer  can  in  careless  fashion  give  play 
to  every  impulse  that  seizes  him.    He  begins  by  gravely  announc- 
ing the  recent  appearance  in  Germany  of  a  remarkable  book  on 
the  Philosophy  of  Clothes,  by  a  learned  Professor,  and  quotes  the 
title  page  in  the  original,  verbatim  et  literatim:  "  Die  Kleider,  ihr 
Werden  und  Wirken  (Clothes,  their  Origin  and  Influence);  von 
Diogenes  Teufelsdrockh,  J.  U.  D.,  etc.,   Stillschweigen  und  Cognie 
Weissnichtwo,  1831."  The  first  and  third  books  into  which  "  Sartor 
Resartus  "  is  divided  consist  of  very  copious  extracts  from  this  sup- 
posed work  on  Clothes,  and  no  less  copious  comments  by  their  Eng- 
lish sponsor.    This  is  a  strange  plan  for  the  unfolding  ideas  which 
their  author  deems  of  the  utmost  seriousness  and  weight.    In  detail 
and  in  individual  passages,  the  book  is  no  less  extraordinary.    To  go 
no  farther  than  the  table  of  contents,  we  find  such  eccentric  titles  of 
chapters  as  "  Aprons,"  "  The  Everlasting  K"o,"  "  Church  Clothes," 
"Old    Clothes,"    "Natural    Supernaturalism,"  "The    Dandiacal 
Body,"  "  Tailors."     As  we  turn  the  pages  we  find  a  narrative 
of    the  writer's  intercourse  with    the    imaginary  author  of    the 
Philosophy    of    Clothes;    and    at   greater    length,    occupying   in- 
deed the  whole  of    Book    II.,    we    have    a    curious    biography 
of    the    professor,     based    upon     the    contents     of     "  six    con- 
siderable   Paper    Bags,  carefully    sealed,    and    marked    succes- 
sively in   gilt   China   ink,  with   the    symbols  of  the  six  southern 
Zodiacal  Signs,  beginning  at  Libra;  in  the  inside  of  which  sealed 
Bags   lie  miscellaneous  masses  of  Sheets,  and  oftener  Shreds  and 
Strips  written  in  Professor  Teufelsdrockh's  scarce  legible  cursiv- 
schrift]  and  treating  of  all  imaginable  things  under  the  Zodiac 
and  above  it;"  and  scattered  passages  of  an  extraordinary  character, 
like  the  description  of  the  Old  Clothes  Man  as  a  "  bearded  Jewish 
high  priest,  who  with  his  hoarse  voice,  like  some  Angel  of  Doom, 
summoned  them  from  the  four  winds !    On  his  head,  like  the  Pope, 
he  has  three  Hats — a  real  triple  tiara;  on  either  hand  are  the  simili- 
tude of  wings,  whereon  the  summoned  garments  come  to  alight." 
Is  this  oddity  in  form  and  method  merely  the  result  of  wantonness 
on  the  part  of  the   author,  an  ill-timed  escapade  of  humour  and 
f,rhim,  or  is  there  some  real  propriety  and  fitness  in  the  strange 
guise  in  which  Carlyle's  ideas  clothe  themselves  in  "  Sartor  "  ?  It  is 
surely  axiomatic  that  in  a  successful  literary  work  there  must  be 
congruity  between  form  and  substance.     Do  we  find  a  successful 
poem,  it  is  because  there  is  some  special  fitness  between  the  theme,. 


154  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO    MONTHLY 

the  temperament  and  feelings  of  the  writer,  on  the  one  hand,  and 
the  poetic  form  on  the  other.  So  if  "  Sartor  Resartus  "  for  at  least 
half  a  century  exercised  a  profound  influence  upon  successive 
generations  of  young  men,  if  in  general  ethical  estimate  it  is  one 
of  a  great  author's  most  successful  works,  it  must  be  because  the 
peculiarities  of  form  and  expression  are  suited  to  the  nature  of  the 
thought  and  to  the  genius  of  the  writer.  It  is  to  the  exemplification 
of  this  that  this  paper  is  specially  addressed.  Let  us  consider, 
first  of  all,  the  general  purpose  and  outcome  of  the  book. 

Sometimes  Carlyle  is  spoken  of  as  a  great  thinker  (so  Froude 
is  disposed  to  represent  him)  or  philosopher,  and  "  Sartor  Resartus  " 
as  the  exposition  of  his  philosophy.  He  is  a  philosopher,  but 
only  in  the  somewhat  old-fashioned  sense  of  the  word,  i.e.,  he  is 
&  moralist,  a  man  who  draws  general  conclusions  as  to  the  con- 
duct of  life;  but  he  is  not  a  philosopher  in  the  more  modern  and 
technical  sense— not  a  metaphysician,  a  systematic  thinker  on 
fundamental  problems,  as  Plato,  or  Hume,  or  Kant.  Indeed, 
though  he  was  in  some  measure  acquainted  with  and  profited  by  the 
writings  of  German  metaphysicians,  he  affected  to  despise  philo- 
sophy in  its  more  technical  sense.  If  "  Sartor  "  were  the  exposition 
of  a  rounded  and  reasoned  system,  its  form  and  tone  would  indeed 
be  ill-chosen.  But  the  exposition  of  such  a  system  was  alike  out- 
side of  the  aim  and  the  method  of  Carlyle.  For  truth,  in  and  for 
itself  (as  it  seems  to  me)  as  for  beauty  in  or  for  itself,  he  had 
little  care  and  interest.  He  was,  in  a  sense  (much  as  he  inveighs 
against  the  school  which  bears  the  name),  a  utilitarian — that  is, 
he  cared  for  things  primarily  in  as  far  as  they  influenced  the  well- 
being  of  mankind.  What  contributes  to  man's  material  welfare — 
the  making  two  blades  of  grass  grow  in  place  of  one — was  a  matter 
of  moment  worthy  serious  attention;  much  more,  what  contributed 
to  man's  moral  and  spiritual  welfare.  But  mere  truth  abstracted 
from  such  considerations,  and  mere  beauty  and  grace  were  to  him 
of  comparatively  trivial  Import.  In  this  as  in  much  else  he 
was  (as  I  have  already  indicated  temperament  and  training  had 
made  him)  a  typical  Puritan.  The  Puritan,  as  history  and  obser- 
vation show,  cares  for  conduct,  for  what  M.  Arnold  calls  three- 
fourths  of  life,  for  what  is  useful  in  the  next  world  or  in  this.  The 
strength  of  Puritanism  lay  in  the  fact  that  it  did  emphasize  what 
was  really  of  first  importance;  its  weakness  consisted  in  narrow- 
ness and  imperfect  sympathy,  in  its  tendency  to  belittle  matters  of 
pure  intellect  and  of  pure  beauty.  It  is  in  harmony,  accordingly, 
with  his  affiliations  to  Puritanism  that  Carlyle's  purpose  in  "  Sar- 
tor "  is,  not  to  give  a  plausibly  reasoned  account  of  the  universe, 
such  as  might  satisfy  the  intellect — not  to  attain  rounded,  absolute 
truth,  but  to  influence  the  conduct  of  men.  In  short,  Carlyle  is  a 


SARTOR  RESARTUS.  155 

preacher.  The  reader  of  his  works  does  not  need  to  be  reminded 
how  often  Carlyle  speaks  of  the  press  as  the  modern  pulpit,  and  the 
writer  of  books  as  the  true  representative  of  the  preacher  of  other 
days.    He  speaks  as  if  the  true  function  of  literature  were  preach- 
ing, and  finds  fault  with  Scott's  novels  because  they  are  "  not  pro- 
fitable for  doctrine,  for  reproof,  for  edification."     If  Carlyle  has 
not  here  (as  I  think)  seized  upon  the  chief  or  distinctive  function 
of  literature,  he  has  certainly  revealed  the  inner  purpose  of  a  very 
large  part  of  his  own  literary  work  and  of  its  function  in  his  owa 
day.    He  was,  through  his  pen,  a  great  preacher.    Now  since  it  is 
the  first  business  of  the  preacher  to  influence  conduct,  the  truth 
which  he  preaches  need  not  be  novel;  the  attainment  of  new  truth, 
the  search  after  truth  in  and  for  itself,  is  not  his  chief  concern;  but 
to  stimulate  to  action.    Whether  the  thought  be  novel  or  trite,  it  is 
his  function  to  bring  it  home  to  the  feelings  of  his  hearers,  since 
there  are  the  springs  of  action.    Here  is  one  of  the  sources  of  Car- 
lyle's  revolutionary  treatment  of  prose  style.  The  dominant  style  of 
the  first  third  of  the  19th  century  was  academic,  clear,  and  accurate, 
but  cold  and  abstract.     It  was  a  style  which  had  been  shaped  by 
the  needs  of  the  intellectual  and  positive  18th  century.     A  style 
fashioned  by  Addison,  Bolingbroke,  Hume,  Johnson,  and  Gibbon, 
was  no  fit  instrument  for  a  Carlyle.     So  he  throws  propriety  and 
accepted  usage  to  the  winds,  kicks  over  the  traces,  giving  force, 
colour,   and   richness  to   English  prose,   borrowing  boldly  from 
vernacular  speech,  neglecting  dignity  and  logical  correctness  in 
sentence  structure,  for  the  looser  forms  of  ordinary  talk.     In 
short,  he  accomplished  for  prose  a  service  analogous  to  that  of 
Wordsworth  for  poetry.     Sincerity  and  force  were  his  aims;  the 
exact  representation  of  his  whole  attitude  towards  the  thought  he 
was  uttering,  and  the  bringing  home  of  this  thought,  not  merely 
to  the  understanding,  but  to  the  whole  spirit  of  the  reader.     In 
"  Sartor,"  the  first  of  his  writings  where  his  style  appears  in  its  full 
development,  he  is  not,  by  considerations  addressed  to  the  under- 
standing, trying  to  support  a  novel  and  elaborated  philosophic  sys- 
tem.    Most  of  his  truths,  he  would  himself  have  said,  far  from 
being  new,  are  venerable  with  antiquity;  he  conceived  they  were 
neglected  or  disregarded  by,  rather  than  unknown  to  his  contem- 
poraries; they  must  again  be  forced  into  vital  contact  with  the  hearts 
and  consciences  of  men.    For  such  a  purpose,  the  guise  of  a  regular 
philosophical  treatise,    of   an   "  Inquiry   concerning  the   Human 
Understanding,"  or  a  "  Critique  of  Pure  Reason,"  or  of  a  series  of 
orderly  and.  ordinary  essays,  was  wholly  unsuitable.     He  required 
a  freer  hand,  and  taking  hints  perhaps  from  Sterne  and  Eichter, 
he  originated  the  strange  but  certainly  free  and  elastic  form  of 
"  Sartor  Resartus.7' 

To  T>e  continued. 


156  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

AD  DIVAM  NICOTINAM. 

(With  apologies  to  Horace.) 

Quam  divam  potius  te,  Nicotina  era, 
Collaudare  decet,  quae  colis  insulam 
Praeoptatam  aliis  Hesperii  maris, 
Seu  poscas  fidibus,  carmine  seu  veils  ? 

Tu  curas  misero  pectore  dimoves  ; 
Spe&et  tu  revocas  mentibus  anxiis. 
Terrarum  domini  membraque  barbari 
Picti  te  pariter  sollicitant  prece. 

Quern  non  mirifice  post  epulas  tuo 
Adventu  recreas  ?     Ingenio  admoves 
Tormentum  leviter,  dux  sapientise 
Dulcis.     Quid  sine  te  non  gravius  pati  ? 

Tandem,  oro,  statuas  ducere  naribus 
Tns  fumans  penitu?,  nam  foliis  tibi 
Flavis  ara  calet  plurima  fictilis; 
Nee  fragrant  violse  nee  rosa  suavius. 

Semper  virginibus  vel  pueris  nefas 
Bitus  ecire  dea?,,  nee  veniat  licet 
Si  quis  caeruleum  paliuit  halitum. 
Coetu  verba  procul  tristia  pellite. 

Large  pone,  puer,  ligna  super  foco. 
Nunc  sermone  juvat  noctis  amabilis 
Horas  nos  yario  degere  posteri 
Securos  quia  nos,  alma  dea,  aspicis. 

— R.  J.   BONNER,  '90. 


THE  STUDY  OF  THE  ROMANCE  LANGUAGES. 

BY  F.  J.  A.  DAVIDSON,  M.A.,  PH.D. 

Special  Lecturer  in  Spanish,  University  of  Toronto. 


is  the  value  of  the  study  of  the  Romance  Languages? 
In  order  to  give  a  satisfactory  answer  to  this  question  it  is 
necessary  first  to  agree  upon  the  meaning  of  the  word  value,  and 
secondly  to  touch  upon  the  larger  question  of  the  worth  of  lan- 
guage study  in  general. 

The  distinctions  often  drawn  between  theory  and  practice^ 
science  and  culture,  the  ideal  and  the  real,  are  rather  relative  than 
absolute.  The  student  who  acquires  the  theory  of  a  subject  needs 
but  the  proper  environment  to  transpose  it  into  practice.  Know- 
ledge is  the  basis  of  that  refinement  and  breadth  of  view  which  we 
know  as  culture,  and  the  man  who  acquaints  himself  thoroughly 
with  the  marvellous  phenomena  and  laws  of  science  must  needs 
become  more  tolerant  and  liberal.  The  real  of  to-day  is  the  ideal  of 
the  past  :  the  ideal  of  to-day  is  the  real  of  the  future.  A  study  is 


THE  STUDY  OF  THE  ROMANCE  LANGUAGES.     157 

valuable,  therefore,  in  proportion  as  it  gives  us  facts  from  which 
we  rise  inductively  to  general  principles,  in  proportion  as  by  this 
knowledge  it  broadens  and  elevates  our  view  of  life,  in  proportion, 
finally,  as  it  encourages  us  by  a  recognition  of  past  progress  to  hope 
for  further  and  greater  attainment  in  the  future. 

Judged  from  this  standpoint,  the  study  of  language  would  seem 
to  be  the  proper  basis  of  education.  No  other  factor  contributes  so 
much  to  general  effectiveness.  JSTo  other  study  is  so  broad.  Lan- 
guage is  the  bearer  of  thought:  the  spoken  language  of  the  thought 
of  the  immediate  present,  the  written  language  of  the  thought  of 
the  past.  Through  language  we  get  at  literature:  through  litera- 
ture we  get  at  life  itself.  Thus  the  study  of  language  lays  a  general 
foundation  for  specialization.  All  sorts  of  ideas  are  added  to  the 
student's  store.  One  can  scarcely  read  a  work  on  our  language  cur- 
ricula without  becoming  familiar  with  a  host  of  new  facts  in  all 
departments  of  life.  Again,  training  in  language  is  training  in 
thought.  One  cannot  occupy  oneself  closely  with  language  without 
becoming  clearer,  more  accurate,  in  habits  of  thought.  One  is  com- 
pelled to  differentiate  sounds,  words  and  constructions,  to  analyze 
the  shades  of  thought  attached  to  an  expression  and  determining 
its  use.  The  subtlest  kind  of  logic  pervades  language.  Behind  the 
changes  of  form  are  mental  standpoints  and  reasons  of  national 
temperament.  Hence  modern  grammer  is  psychological,  and  the 
cast-iron  rules  of  the  old  grammarians  have  been  supplanted  by  the 
discovery  and  explanation  of  usage.  Through  analyzing  forms- 
of  expression  one  becomes  better  able  to  express  oneself.  Obser- 
vation is  the  implement  of  science.  Language  teaches  minute  and 
accurate  observation. 

The  question  may  be  asked :  "  Is  not  all  this  comprised  and  at- 
tained in  the  study  of  English?"  It  may  be  doubted  whether  the 
mother-tongue  is  ever  thoroughly  understood  until  objectivized 
through  the  medium  of  a  foreign  language.  We  lack  perspective^ 
we  lack  a  basis  of  comparison.  Just  as  through  the  broadening 
influence  of  travel  we  learn  to  understand  and  appreciate  the  con- 
ditions and  institutions  of  our  own  country,  so,  by  our  adven- 
tures in  the  field  of  foreign  language  and  literature,  we  learn  ta 
comprehend  the  nature  and  spirit  of  our  own.  With  the  study 
of  each  new  language  a  new  world  of  ideas  is  revealed,  a  new 
standpoint  is  gained  from  which  to  look  out  upon  life,  and  Ennius, 
with  his  knowledge  of  Latin,  Greek  and  Oscan,  was  right  in  claim- 
ing a  triple  mind,  tria  corda. 

But,  considering  the  vast  extent  of  human  knowledge  and  the 
ever-increasing  activity  of  modern  life,  with  its  concomitant  neces- 
sity of  specialization,  the  number  of  foreign  languages  which  the 
individual  may  acquire  is  limited.  The  Romance  languages — and 


158  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY. 

particularly  French,  Italian  and  Spanish,  the  ranking  members 
of  the  group — offer  a  peculiarly  attractive  and  satisfactory  field 
of  study.  The  idioms  of  Moliere,  Dante  and  Cervantes  have 
reached  a  stage  of  development  worthy  of  the  literatures  which 
these  great  names  represent.  The  French  language  by  its  develop- 
ment during  the  classical  period  attained  to  a  surpassing  logical 
clearness,  to  which  the  Romantics  of  1830  added,  or  rather  re- 
stored, the  element  of  the  picturesque,  so  that  modern  French  is 
a  well-nigh  perfect  instrument  for  intellectual  and  emotional  needs. 
Italian,  in  the  variety  and  extent  of  its  vocabulary,  in  its  flexi- 
bility, in  the  delicacy  by  which  its  wealth  of  synonym  gives  ex- 
pression to  the  most  subtle  shades  of  meaning,  is  a  worthy  rival 
of  English.  Spanish,  "  the  language  of  the  gods,"  combining  the 
grace  of  French,  the  robustness  of  German  and  the  tunefulness 
of  Italian,  is  instinct  with  the  irony  and  humor,  the  rhetoric 
and  pathos  which  are  characteristic  of  the  Spanish  people. 

In  literature,  can  any  nation  show  with  France  a  record  of 
nearly  1,100  years  of  such  even  and  manifold  development?  The 
multitude  of  great  names  and  masterpieces  is  bewildering.  Even 
the  18th  century,  least  literary  of  periods,  can  boast  a  Montesquieu 
and  a  Voltaire,  a  Diderot  and  a  Buffon,  a  Rousseau, 
a  Beaumarchais  and  a  Chenier,  to  say  nothing  of  lesser  lights.  The 
literary  development  of  Spain  is  not  quite  so  ancient  in  historical 
beginnings  or  so  well  balanced  as  that  of  France,  but  we  must 
not  forget  that  it  rose  to  a  marvellous  height  in  the  golden  age 
of  the  16th  and  17th  centuries,'  and  that  Spain,  with  Greece  and 
England,  forms  the  triad  of  nations  which  have  produced  a  national 
drama,  that  culminant  form  of  literature.  The  19th  century, 
'too,  was  a  rich  period  of  development  in  Spain,  of  such  variety 
and  brilliance  as  to  give  the  lie  to  those  who  accuse  the  Spaniard 
of  decadence.  And  in  Italian  literature,  from  Dante,  Boccaccio 
#nd  Petrarch,  through  Ariosto,  Tasso  and  Machiavelli,  down  to 
Gabriele  d'Annunzio,  we  have  a  rich  storehouse  of  sources  from 
which  have  flowed  not  only  the  delight  and  instruction  of  suc- 
cessive centuries,  but  materials  and  tendencies  which  have  inspired 
and  enhanced  the  literatures  of  other  countries. 

A  satisfying  familiarity  with  these  languages  and  their  literary 
products  is  possible  to  the  undergraduate.  Should  he  desire  to 
go  further,  the  field  widens  before  him.  Equipped  with  a  know- 
ledge of  Latin,  he  can  trace  the  development  of  that  tongue,  its 
forms,  its  syntax,  upon  the  soil  of  the  different  provinces  of  the 
Roman  Empire  to  the  present  day.  He  will  learn  that  phonetic 
law  is  as  absolute,  in  its  domain,  as  are  the  laws  of  physics  or 
chemistry.  He  will  be  enabled  to  seize  upon  and  analyze  the  seem- 
ingly evanescent  phenomena  of  speech,  with  more  certainty  than 


THE  STUDY  OF  THE  ROMANCE  LANGUAGES.      159 

in  almost  any  other  branch  of  philology,  because  the  hypothetical 
element  is  here  reduced  to  a  minimum  by  the  preservation  of  the 
Latin  source,  and  by  the  co-existence  of  eight  sister  languages 
in  the  Eoman.ce  group:  French,  Italian,  Spanish,  Portuguese,  Pro- 
vencal, Catalan,  Roumanian,  and  Rhaeto-roman. 

Peculiarly  satisfactory,  too,  is  the  study  of  literary  phenomena 
upon  Romance  soil.  We  can  trace,  within  historical  periods,  the 
development  of  epic,  drama,  novel,  from  their  sources,  and  so  are 
enabled  to  draw  conclusions  upon  the  development  of  these  forms 
in  general.  We  see,  spread  out  before  our  eyes,  the  stock  of  ideas 
and  sentiments,  innate  or  acquired,  of  the  Romance  nations,  and 
can  view  their  successive  transformation  as  it  keeps  pace  with  the 
material  evolution  of  these  peoples. 

Nor  must  we  forget,  in  this  industrial  age,  the  so-called  prac- 
tical application  of  these  studies  in  the  field  of  commerce.  Some 
two  hundred  millions  of  the  population  of  the  globe  are  Romance- 
speaking,  and  these  control  far  more  than  their  proportionate  share 
of  the  world's  industries.  Pending  the  establishment  of  a  univer- 
sal language,  which  seems  to  be  still  far  in  the  future,  if  not  indeed 
wholly  chimerical,  it  is  evident  that  a  knowledge  of  these  tongues 
must  be  of  great  advantage  to  all  engaged  in  international  trade. 
To  instance  only  one  illustration,  the  immense  resources  of 
Southern  America,  still  in  the  primary  stage  of  development,  must 
offer  a  greatly  enhanced  prospect  of  success  to  the  would-be  captain 
of  industry  who  is  equipped  with  a  knowledge  of  Spanish. 

But  it  is  needless  to  dilate  upon  the  importance  of  studies  which 
have  attained  a  well-merited  rank  in  the  academic  hierarchy.  The 
view  which  regarded  modern  languages  as  mere  accomplishments 
has  been  relegated  to  the  mental  lumber-room  of  a  past  generation. 
They  are  recognized  as  means  of  enlightenment  upon  large  de- 
partments of  human  activity,  as  adequate  expressions  of  national 
character,  as  monuments  to  the  continuity  of  civilization. 


THE    VALUE  OF   RESEARCH  WORK  AS  A  TRAINING 
FOR  TECHNICAL  CHEMISTS:  SYMPOSIUM. 

The  Editor,  The  University  Monthly: 

SIR, — One  of  the  most  encouraging  discoveries  recently  made 
in  this  country  is  that  those  who  supply  the  training  for  technical 
chemists  and  those  who  profit  most  by  employing  them  are  agreed 
^s  to  the  best  method  by  which  this  training  may  be  provided.  This 


160  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY. 

was  not  always  the  case.  The  manufacturers  "  are  delighted  to  find 
the  University  at  last  waking  up  to  the  needs  of  the  manufacturer," 
while  the  University,  on  the  other  hand,  smilingly  "  hopes  the 
manufacturers  are  really  beginning  to  appreciate  the  value  of  imi- 
versity  graduates;"  which  shows,  by  the  way,  a  generous  desire  to 
waive  the  honour  of  being  the  first  awake. 

The  importance  of  this  discovery  cannot  be  overestimated.  Per- 
haps the  best  way  in  which  a  university  can  benefit  a  new  country 
is  by  training  up  a  supply  of  men  who  will  be  able  to  grapple 
successfully  with  the  innumerable  difficulties  which  arise  in  the 
conduct  of  new  enterprises,  and  to  find  twro  classes  of  men  agreed 
upon  a  point  of  education  of  such  far-reaching  importance  as  this, 
is  indeed  no  small  matter. 

In  evidence  of  this  agreement  in  views  I  enclose  the  opinions  of  a 
few  leading  chemists,  intimately  connected  with  the  industrial  side 
of  the  science,  on  the  value  of  research  work  as  a  training  for  tech- 
nical chemists.  The  general  trend  of  the  letters  seems  to  emphasise 
two  points.  Firstly,  chemists  must  be  specialists,  but-  secondly, 
tthey  must  be  broad-minded  specialists,  that  is,  men  whose  minds 
have  been  broadened,  not  by  spreading  over  a  large  surface,  but  by 
continued  hammering  against  special  difficulties. 

Now  this  is  exactly  the  kind  of  training  that  this  University  has 
been- endeavouring  to  give  students  of  chemistry  for  the  last  eight 
or  ten  years.  Undergraduates  are  allowed  to  spend  their  fourth 
year  at  some  original  investigation,  which  supplies  the  necessary 
hard  objects  against  which  the  hammering  process  may  be  effec- 
tively exercised  and  which  affords  the  student  at  the  same  time  a 
foretaste  of  the  kind  of  problem  he  will  be  called  upon  to  solve 
when  he  goes  to  the  place  where  it  is  more  blessed  to  give  informa- 
tion than  to  receive  it.  That  this  opportunity  has  been  taken  advan- 
tage of  is  apparent  from  the  number  of  publications  which  have 
appeared  by  undergraduates  of  the  University,  and  it  is  a  source  of 
gratification  that,  in  addition  to  the  advantages  accruing  to  the 
students  themselves  by  this  method  of  instruction,  the  University 
should  be  at  the  same  time  fulfilling  another  of  its  functions,  name- 
ly, that  of  adding  to  the  general  sum  of  scientific  knowledge. 

In  conclusion  let  me  quote  one  of  the  leading  authorities  on  tech- 
nical education,  Professor  Ostwald:  "The  present  demand,  in  all 
branches  of  manufacture  and  industry,  for  scientifically  trained 
men  .  .  .  has  helped  to  bring  about  a  great  change  in  the 
aim  of  educational  institutions  .  .  .  :  Whereas,  formerly,  it  was 
sufficient  to  provide  students  with  a  thorough  equipment  of  existing 
knowledge,  in  order  to  fit  them  for  their  future  calling — an  aim 
which  in  some  branches  of  university  instruction  is  still  considered 
sufficient — the  ideal  henceforth  must  be  set  very  much  higher  .  . 


VALUE  OF  RESEARCH  WORK  IN  CHEMISTRY.     161 

men  must  be  sent  out  into  the  world  who  will  feel  at  home  not  only 
in  the  presence  of  known  facts,  but  also  when  confronted  with  the 
unknown" 

Yours,  &c., 

FRANK  B.  KENRICK. 

OPINION  OF  J.  M.  FRANCIS,   M.D. 
Chief  Chemist,  Parke,  Davis  &  Co.,  Detroit. 

As  the  various  manufacturing  plants  are  beginning  to  offer  such 
a  broad  field  of  employment  to  our  young  chemists,  and  as  the 
latter  seem  to  be  turning  more  and  more  to  this  practical  field  for 
life  employment,  we  presume  that  a  presentation  of  the  situation 
from  the  employer's  view  point  may  be  of  interest.  Te  be  of  some 
practical  advantage  we  shall  try  to  point  out  the  weak  spots  rather 
than  to  commend  the  many  qualities  characteristic  of  the  young 
American  chemist  which  are  worthy  of  praise,  among  which  his 
quick-wittedness,  and  particularly  his  adaptability,  are  his  most 
precious  endowments. 

It  is  a  matter  of  common  knowledge  to  all  employers,  and 
teachers  as  well,  that  great  numbers  of  young  men  are  turned  out 
yearly  who  know  chemistry  as  a  part  of  a  general  educational 
scheme,  and  who  are  sadly  deficient  even  in  elementary  work  in- 
volving qualitative  and  quantitative  chemistry. 

There  are  also  many  who  really  have  an  aptitude  for  such  work, 
who  under  good  teachers  have  gained  a  very  fair  "  grounding  "  in 
elementary  chemistry,  but  who,  from  not  realizing  the  magnitude 
of  their  profession,  have  done  themselves  the  irreparable  injury  of 
quitting  their  instructors  before  they  have  acquired  the  power  of 
independent  mental  growth  or  self-development. 

The  factories  absorb  an  immense  number  of  such  young  men  and 
they  fill  an  important  role  in  commercial  work,  making  the  tests 
required  to  "  check  "  manufacturing  operations.  They  discharge 
their  duties  well,  because  through  the  performance  of  the  same  task 
numberless  times  they  get  expert  in  doing  that  one  thing.  But  so 
does  the  horse  in  the  old-fashioned  bark-mill,  who  plods  his  endless 
circle  without  even  a  halter  to  guide  him. 

The  professional  development  of  such  men  is  bounded  by  their 
mental  limitations,  and  checked  to  a  certain  degree  by  environment, 
and  it  follows  just  as  inevitably  that  their  salaries  are  limited  by 
the  competition  of  the  throng  of  those  as  ill  prepared  as  themselves 
who  are  knocking  at  the  gates  in  ever  increasing  numbers. 

The  manufacturer  is  not  a  creature  of  sentiment  and  consequently 
does  not  take  a  sentimental  view  of  "  scientists,"  though  there  arev 
to-day  thousands  of  young  men  in  American  factories  who  are  paid 


162  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

salaries  greater  than  would  bo  required  to  replace  them  by  new  men 
who  would  in  a  short  time  become  as  efficient  in  routine  work.  In 
other  words,  they  receive  an  increase  of  salary  from  time  to  time 
because  of  long  service;  but  after  all  the  salary  limit  cannot  in  the 
nature  of  things  ever  become  high,  though  I  do  not  hesitate  to  say 
it  amounts,  in  most  such  institutions,  to  all  the  man  is  worth. 
Happily  it  sometimes  occurs  that  such  a  man  as  AVC  have  depicted 
fights  his  way  up  through  obstacles  to  a  place  of  importance,  but  at 
a  great  cost  of  labor  and  study.  How  much  better  if  he  had  spent 
this  time  and  energy  in  his  preparation,  when  he  could  have  worked 
to  so  much  better  advantage. 

There  is  still  another  phase  of  chemical  education  which  is 
worthy  of  the  serious  consideration  of  both  the  voung  men  and  their 
teachers.  Many  graduates  leave  college  with  a  good  training  in 
theoretical  chemistry,  this  being  attested  in  many  cases  by  a 
doctor's  degree ;  and  yet  on  entering  a  manufacturing  establishment 
they  are  utterly  helpless;  they  are  like  the  mechanic  with  a 
beautiful  equipment  of  tools  who  knows  nothing  of  the  peculiarities 
of  the  materials  he  must  work  upon.  Some  of  our  best  educators  say : 
— "  Give  a  man  a  good  theoretical  training  and  he  will  adapt  him- 
self to  any  line  of  practical  work."  But  the  practical  man  knows 
this  does  not  always  follow.  The  best  or  most  fortunate  do  discard 
that  which  they  see  to  be  useless  and  educate  themselves  in  the  fac- 
tory, at  disadvantage  to  themselves  and  loss  to  their  employer. 
Time,  which  is  money  in  a  general  sense,  becomes  doubly  precious 
when  measured  in  units  of  opportunity  in  that  fierce  competition 
which  is  the  nervous  stimulus  of  all  modern  manufacturing  plants. 
To  this  we  maj  add  that  space  and  facilities  for  work  are  money ;  for 
every  square  foot  of  space  in  a  factory  is  valued  in  dollars  of 
possible  productive  capacity.  To  the  man  imbued  with  university 
traditions,  who  has  all  the  years  his  life  can  span  for  the  deliberate 
investigation  of  a  subject,  a  glimpse  of  such  exacting  conditions 
appears  strange;  but  they  are  real  and  consequently  must  be 
reckoned  with.  A  man's  cost  to  his  employer  is  not  measured  by 
his  salary;  beside  the  problematical  value  of  lost  opportunity,  you 
may  safely  add  one-half  his  pay  check  to  cover  the  incidental  ex- 
pense of  supplying  him  proper  facilities  for  work. 

Every  young  man  desires  to  start  his  professional  life  under  the 
best  auspices ;  if  he  proposes  to  teach  we  do  not  feel  able  to  advise 
him.  If  he  is  looking  to  factory  service  we  would  say — first  of  all 
get  the  best  possible  preparation  in  general  chemistry;  this  is  so 
obvious  that  it  does  not  admit  of  discussion.  "When  the  advanced 
work  is  reached  let  it  be  arranged  so  as  to  have  as  much  bearing  as 
possible  on  his  proposed  commercial  work.  Instead  of  learning  to 
think  on  abstract  things,  work  on  concrete  problems  involving  the- 


VALUE  OF  RESEARCH  WORK  INT  CHEMISTRY.      163- 

operatious  he  will  apply  later  in  the  factory,  and  learn  the  peculiari- 
ties of  substances  germane  to  the  chosen  field.  The  domain  of 
chemistry  is  too  fcroad  for  the  comprehension  of  any  one  man,  and 
he  who  expects  to  accomplish  anything  worthy  of  note  must  needs 
select  some  special  branch  and  devote  all  his  study  to  that.  The  man 
who  dedicates  his  life  to  metallurgy  has  little  use  for  dyes  and  mor- 
dants; the  tanning  chemist  is  interested  in  dyes,  albuminoid  chemis- 
n-y  and  cognate  branches,  but  need  not  know  how  to  calculate  a 
"  furnace  burden;"  the  chemist  in  the  pharmaceutical  factory  needs 
special  familiarity  with  the  chemistry  of  plant  products,  albumi- 
noids, and  many  similar  branches. 

Happy  is  the  man  who  can  add  to  this  a  course  in  technology, 
which  acquaints  him  with  the  constructions  and  methods  of  opera- 
ting those  curious  looking  machines  which  he  finds  staring  him  in 
the  face  when  the  factory  doors  open  to  him.  Such  an  approach  to- 
practical  processes  in  the  finishing  courses  of  a  chemical  education 
need  not  necessarily  warp  one's  instincts  to  such  a  degree  that  one 
will  cease  to  rejoice  in  work  for  the  work's  sake;  the  interest  may 
even  be  greater  than  in  abstract  operations  which  lead  to  less 
tangible  results. 

u  But,"  says  our  tyro,  "  I  haven't  decided  what  branch  I  pre- 
fer." We  can  only  reply — choose  and  choose  quickly  or  make  way 
for.  the  man  who  knows  what  he  wants;  that  is  the  difference  be- 
tween the  "  routine  "  and  the  "  research  "  chemist. 

Finally,  let  us  say  with  all  assurance  that  never  before  has  the 
chemist  been  so  welcome  in  the  factory  as  to-day,  and  never  before 
has  he  been  so  well  paid.  No  occupation  offers  greater  inducements 
to  young  men  who  will  make  proper  preparations.  The  American 
manager  has  money,  and  he  sets  no  limit  to  the  salary  he  is  willing 
to  pay,  provided  the  other  man  can  "  deliver  the  goods."  The  more 
you  are  worth  the  better  he  is  pleased,  for  his  epare  time  and  facili- 
ties are  limited ;  he  hasn't  time  to  educate  you  in  his  factory,  not  if 
he  can  find  anyone  who  is  already  trained  to  his  work,  and  the  time 
is  fast  coming  when  the  young  men  will  come  specialized.  The 
question  which  confronts  you  is — "Will  you  be  the  horse  in  the  bark- 
mill  or  the  man  whose  salary  jumps  every  time  the  yearly  balance 
is  struck? 

OPINION  OF  HAROLD  VAN  DER  LINDE, 

Chief  Chemist  Gutta  Perclia  and  Rubber  Mfg.  Co.,  Toronto. 

Two  chief  reasons  for  including  as  much  research  work  as 
possible  in  the  curriculum  of  the  future  industrial  chemist  are : — 

1.  Problem  work  is  the  occupation  which  will  probably  fill  most 
of  his  time  after  leaving  college. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

2.  It  is  the  most  interesting  and  stimulating  method  of  acquiring 
.a  working  knowledge  of  physical  science ;  and  the  reason  of  this  is 
that  it  is  a  perfectly  natural  method  of  learning. 

On  the  first  head,  it  may  truly  be  said  that  it  is  difficult  to  genera- 
lize on  the  work  done  in  the  industries,  as  this  must  be  by  its  very 
nature  varied  and  changing.  But  problem  work  is  certain  to  be 
plentiful  to  the  discerning  eye,  the  work  either  originating  with  the 
industrial  worker,  or  being  pressed  on  the  laboratory  from  the  out- 
side. Every  industrial  chemist  will  probably  agree  that  his  busiest 
and  most  interesting  days  are  those  on  which  things  are  going 
wrong.  It  is  then  that  he  is  consulted.  When  things  run  smoothly, 
.he  is  left  to  find  work  for  himself.  What  follows?  His  life  is 
largely  made  up  of  solving  problems  of  one  kind  or  another — often 
rapidly  and  crudely,  and  frequently  wrongly,  mistakes  being  inevit- 
able in  such  a  pursuit.  In  this  case,  as  in  war,  the  general  who  per- 
petrates the  fewest  blunders  is  reckoned  successful.  This  continued 
problem  work  is,  of  course,  essentially  research  work;  under  un- 
favourable conditions,  it  is  true,  and  seldom  the  highest  of  its  kind; 
but  research  work,  nevertheless,  and  calling  for  the  exercise  of  all 
the  worker's  energies,  besides  making  of  industrial  chemistry  one  of 
-the  most  engrossing  of  pursuits. 

To  look  for  a  moment  at  the  second  point,  physical  science  is 
valuable  to  the  industrial  worker  almost  solely  as  a  productive  tool. 
The  obvious  method  of  learning  the  use  of  tools  is  to  work  with 
them.  The  most  interesting  way  of  doing  this  is  to  work  at  some- 
thing unhackneyed,  and  therefore,  new  to  the  individual.  Whether 
or  not  the  problem  has  been  worked  out  five  hundred  times  before, 
its  solution  by  the  unknowing  student  is  in  accordance  with  the  very 
spirit  of  research — the  method  being  fundamentally  the  same  as 
that  by  which  he  learned  earlier  that  fire  burns  and  water  wets. 
An  hour's  work  done  in  this  way  would  appear  to  be  worth  a  week 
:spent  in  "  plugging  "  at  the  authorities,  if  only  for  the  fresh  point 
of  view  which  is  gained.  Whilst  the  indolent  man's  sources  of 
mental  pap- — text-books  and  lectures — cannot  be  wholly  displaced, 
the  claim  for  what  has  been  called  "problem-teaching  "  is  that,  if 
conducted  judiciously,  it  can  largely  be  substituted  for  them. 

Research  work,  then,  is  of  benefit  to  this  class  of  student,  in 
several  ways.  It  first  takes  from  him  the  profound  respect  for  the 
authority  of  text-books  which  has  previously  caused  him  to  look  on 
chemistry  as  a  science  in  which  most  problems  are  as  petrified  as 
Latin  Grammar;  and  his  work  at  once  acquires  a  living  interest. 
This  appears  to  be  the  real  kernel  of  the  question,  for  educationists 
to-day  acknowledge  that  a  keen  interest  is  of  the  greatest  use  in  the 
process  of  getting  knowledge.  Research  work  can  also  easily  be 


VALUE  OF  RESEARCH  WORK  IN  CHEMISTRY.     165 

made  attractive  by  arranging  the  work  with  some  reference  to  con- 
tinuity. It  has,  too,  the  great  advantage  of  so  closely  resembling 
the  future  work  of  the  student  as  to  greatly  lessen  the  jar  that 
he  necessarily  experiences  in  leaving  the  class-room  and  entering 
the  factory. 

If  we  should  teach  carpenters  their  trade  by  means  of  the  black- 
board instead  of  with  the  plane  and  saw,  and  teach  pianists  from 
treatises  instead  of  on  the  instrument,  we  might  succeed  in  giving 
them  a  great  deal  of  knowledge  about  carpentering  or  piano- 
playing,  but  .we  could  scarcely  expect  them  to  produce  any  very 
practical  results;  and  it  would  appear  that  the  industrial  chemist's 
case  is  not  dissimilar  to  these. 

OPINION  OF  A.  McGILL,  B.A., 

First  Assistant  Chemist,  Inland  Revenue  Laboratory,  Ottawa. 

The  great  demand  of  this  age,  as  of  every  past  age,  is  for  the 
"  man  who  can  do  things."  I  don't  mean  the  man  who  merely 
follows  the  directions  given  him  by  his  master,  the  last  assuming  all 
responsibility.  The  artisan,  the  workman,  is  no  doubt  absolutely 
necessary  to  the  world's  existence  and  progress;  him  we  have 
always  with  us,  and  we  take  him  for  granted.  But  the  man  who 
essays  a  task,  having  just  so  much  of  unlikeness  to  any  other  task, 
as  the  spirit  of  the  age,  the  changed  conditions  of  existence,  im- 
pose; and  who  enters  upon  his  work  equipped  in  the  first  place,  with 
a  knowledge  of  what  others  similarly  situated  have  done,  and  in  the 
second  place,  with  an  enlightened  confidence  in  his  own  ability  to 
meet  and  conquer  inevitable  specific  difficulties — this  is  the  man 
to  whom  the  whole  world  shouts  a  welcome. 

He,  is,  moreover,  the  happy  man.  Unalloyed  happiness  we  may 
not  expect  in  a  phase  of  existence  which  is  apparently  intended  to 
try  our  mettle,  rather  than  to  fulfil  our  desires.  But  the  nearest 
approach  to  perfect  happiness,  so  far  as  my  experience  goes,  is 
embodied  in  the  man  who  finds  himself  capable  of  doing  something, 
and  convinced  of  the  importance  of  that  something.  In  the 
plaudits  of  his  fellows  he  finds  encouragement,  and  in  the  conscious 
possession  of  power  he  knows  in  some  degree  the  supreme  joy  of 
creation ;  he  walks  with  the  Muses  on  Olympus.  All  this  is  equally 
true  of  the  man  who  does,  whether  his  accomplishment  be  a  poem, 
an  essay  or  a  romance;  whether  it  be  a  new  development  of  the 
calculus,  or  the  building  of  a  new  type  of  steam  engine..  The 
special  kind  of  knowledge  required  in  each  case  may  be  very  differ- 
ent; but  the  need  of  self-reliance,  clear-headedness  and  the  power  of 
persistent  effort,  is  common  to  all. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

I  write  these  words  in  order  to  introduce  a  statement  of  my  con- 
viction that  our  educational  methods  have  given  somewhat  undue 
prominence  to  the  acquisition  of  facts,  while  too  much  neglecting 
the  equally  important  question,  "  What  shall  Ave  do  with  them?" 
General  principles,  which  form  the  basis  of  classification,  or  the 
working  tools  of  the  intellect,  must,  of  course,  be  furnished  us; 
but  the  mere  acquisition  of  facts  of  detail,  beyond  what  is  required 
to  sufficiently  illustrate  general  principles,  may  be,  it  seems  to  me, 
greatly  overdone  during  college  years.  It  is  important  to  me 
that  I  should  know  the  local  geography  of  my  home  and  the  coun- 
try round  about  it;  but  the  local  features  in  and  about  Bokhara  I 
may  be  contented  to  remain  ignorant  of  until  business  or  pleasure 
shall  call  me  thither.  It  is  enough  for  the  present  that  I  know  how 
to'  use  an  atlas.  When  the  time  comes  I  shall  be  able  to  make 
myself  master  of  the  needed  details. 

'No  college  life  is  complete  which  merely  furnishes  a  young  man 
with  a  coat  of  mail  and  puts  weapons  in  his  hands.  It  must  go 
further,  and  provide  for  practice  in  the  use  of  these  weapons.  And 
just  as  it  would  be  folly  to  insist  that  your  champion  shall  not  enter- 
the  arena  until  he  has  equipped  himself  with  sword,  spear,  shield, 
battle-axe,  rifle,  bayonet  and  every  other  known  implement  of 
war — a  load  under  which  he  could  only  stagger  helplessly — so  is  it 
folly  to  suppose  that  the  student  of  history  or  metaphysics  or  chem- 
istry must  know  all  the  facts  of  his  subject  before  he  begins  to  make 
tentative  use  of  them.  For  the  value  of  knowledge,  to  a  given  in- 
dividual, depends  upon  two  factors,  first  its  possession,  and  second, 
the  quality  of  the  man  who  possesses  it.  It  is  patent  to  every  one 
that  knowledge,  like  wealth,  frequently  comes,  into  possession  of 
people  who  can  make  no  effective  use  of  it. 

Many  universities,  and  notably  those  of  Germany,  have  recog- 
nized the  importance  of  setting  men  at  work,  under  the  supervision 
of  their  professors,  during  the  later  College  years ;  and  the  advan- 
tage of  this  so-called  "  research  work  "  as  a  training  for  life,  re- 
quires no  other  proof  than  is  afforded  by  the  prominent  positions 
taken  by  the  graduates  of  German  universities.  These  men  are 
to  be  found  the  whole  world  over,  wherever  important  original 
work  in  pure  or  applied  science  is  being  carried  on. 

It  may  be  that  the  positive  value  of  the  investigation  made, 
regarded  objectively,  is  small.  It  may  be  that  the  student  in  his 
research  merely  re-discovers  something  already  well  known.  The 
value  of  this  kind  of  work  must  be  judged  by  quite  other  canons. 
And  yet  it  needs  only  to  refer  to  any  volume  of  the  American 
Chemical  Journal  to  convince  one  that  the  investigation  work  done 
by  students  at  Johns  Hopkins  and  other  universities  of  the  United 
States,  has  value  of  a  very  high  order. 


VALUE  OF  RESEARCH  WORK  IN  CHEMISTRY.     167 

The  main  point,  however,  is  this:  These  men  have  struggled 
Avith  the  unexpected  difficulties  and  checks  that  are  sure  to  pre- 
sent themselves  in  the  course  of  any  bona  fide  research.  They  have 
found  a  way  out,  because  of  that  nameless  something — call  it  in- 
genuity if  you  like — call  it  the  power  of  coordinating  facts — call 
it  clear-headedness,  patience,  indomitable  perseverance  —  for  it  is 
all  of  these  and  much  more — it  is  that  something  which  makes  all 
the  difference  between  the  man  who  succeeds  in  life  and  the  man 
who  fails.  And  many  have  failed.  We  read  with 'pride  and  plea- 
sure the  record  of  a  research  which  has  been  carried  to  a  success- 
ful issue.  But  we  never  hear  of  the  tasks  which  ended  abortively. 
They  are  known,  however,  within  the  College  walls,  and  there  is 
no  better  way  by  which  a  teacher  can  assuredly  discover  the  quality 
of  his  students,  than  by  setting  them  to  discover  something  by  the. 
method  of  scientific  research.  By  all  means,  lay  the  foundations 
as  broad  and  as  deep  as  you  can;  but  don't  make  the  mistake  of 
thinking  that  an  acquaintance  with  what  others  have  achieved,  is 
an  education.  The  educated  man  must  not  alone  know,  but  be 
able  to  do,  and  must,  moreover,  possess  that  courage  and  self- 
confidence  which  can  only  come  from  the  consciousness  of  power. 

J 

OPINION  OF  EDGAR  B.  KENRICK,  B.A., 

Government  Analyst,  Inland  Revenue  Division:   Winnipeg. 

Xo  one  who  is  not  a  working  chemist  can  have  any  conception 
of  the  extraordinary  variety  of  subjects  that  come  within  the 
province  of  the  analytical  chemist — the  great  number  of  new  pro- 
blems continually  presenting  themselves  for  solution.  To  the 
outside  public  he  is  an  "  analyst,"  in  the  same  way  that  a  butcher 
is  a  butcher,  a  baker  a  baker,  or  a  candlestick-maker  a  man  who 
makes  stands  for  candles.  The  said  outside  public  send  in  their 
samples  with  the  instructions  "  Please  analyse,"  in  much  the  same 
way  as  they  telephone  to  the  butcher  for  a  pound  of  sausau>-~. 
But  when  the  chemist  comes  to  look  at  his  sample,  it  is  not  un- 
likely that  he  has  to  invent  some  entirely  new  method  of  analysis, 
while  not  infrequently  he  finds  in  the  end  that  the  substance  i- 
beyond  the  reach  of  analysis  altogether.  And  thus  the  daily 
routine  of  the  professional  chemist  consists  largely  in  "  original 
research."  He  must  be  an  analyst,  but  in  addition  he  must  be 
capable  of  independent  thought,  and  prepared,  when  called  upon 
to  do  so,  to  extend  the  realms  of  his  science.  A  chemist  must  learn 
his  trade,  not  only  by  years  of  patient  work  at  analytical  chemistry, 
but  also  by  acquiring  the  habit  of  original  investigation.  Rule- 
of-thumb  analysts  are  common  enough:  a  good  chemist  is  sonic- 
thing  more  than  this,  and  is  not  so  ofte^i  met  with. 


168  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

At  the  present  time  it  is  hardly  necessary  to  preach  the  advan- 
tages of  the  student  working  in  the  laboratory.  The  practice  of 
teaching — or  trying  to  teach — chemistry  by  books  and  lectures 
alone  is  now  fortunately  nearly  obsolete,  and  the  student  of  to-day 
is,  in  consequence,  immeasurably  in  advance  of  his  prototype  who 
wrestled  with  the  subject  handicapped  with  the  now  out-of-date 
methods  of  fifty  years  ago.  The  twentieth-century  student  obtains 
his  knowledge  first  hand  at  the  working  bench,  and  by  diligent 
"  blow-piping  "  and  "  test-tubing  "  battles  his  way  through  the  diffi- 
culties that  strew  his  path.  ' 

A  reference  to  the  curricula  of  our  colleges  and  universities 
seems  to  indicate  that  in  the  special  chemistry  courses  almost  the 
whole  of  the  students'  time  is  taken  up  with  qualitative  and  quan- 
titative analysis,  and  it  is  now  being  asked  whether  the  importance 
•of  these  branches  has  not  been  rather  over-estimated  by  those  who 
.arrange  the  course  of  studies  for  the  student.  "  Blow-piping  "  and 
"  test-tubing  "  it  is  argued,  and  (if  we  may  coin  some  new  Amer- 
icanisms) "  burette-ing "  and  "  wash-bottling  "  may  be  all  very 
well  in  their  way,  and  no  doubt  afford  an  excellent  mental  training, 
provided  the  student  is  cautioned  against  working  blindly  from 
books  and  tables;  but  is  it  certain  that  he  obtains  the  best  pos- 
sible mental  equipment  from  the  methods  now  in  vogue?  Or, 
looking  at  the  matter  from  a  bread-and-butter  point  of  view,  are 
the  best  analysts  grown  on  an  exclusive  diet  of  analytical  chem- 
istry? 

My  own  experience  has  convinced  me  that  what  the  majority  of 
university  graduates  lack  is  originality,  and  the  ability  to  grapple  • 
with  unforeseen  difficulties, — the  difficulties  not  "  mentioned  in  the 
text-book,"  and  that  if  any  remedy  for  this  is  possible,  it  is  to  be 
found  in  the  introduction  of  research  work  into  the  ordinary  uni- 
versity courses.  Two  or  three  years  of  routine  analytical  work 
should  be  enough — not  to  make  an  analyst  of  a  man — but  to  put 
him  in  a  position  in  which  he  can  profitably  carry  on  a  piece  of 
original  work. 

OPINION  OF  W.  HODGSON  ELLIS,  M.A.,  M.B., 
Government  Analyst,  Inland  Revenue  Division:  Toronto. 

There  is  a  growing  tendency  in  many  quarters  to  adopt  standard 
methods  of  analysis  for  the  control  of  industrial  products.  When 
these  standard  methods  have  been  devised  by  competent  chemists 
with  proper  care,  and  have  been  subjected  to  competent  criticism 
before  adoption,  they  are  of  the  greatest  benefit  to  all  concerned. 
Secret  methods  of  analysis,  and  buyer's  and  seller's  methods  have 
had  their  day,  and  will  soon  cease  to  be  used  in  the  industrial  labor- 
atorv. 


VALUE  OF  RESEARCH  WORK  IN  CHEMISTRY.      169 

The  work  of  the  American  Association  of  Agricultural  Chemists 
in  this  direction  is  a  model  of  what  such  work  should  be.  But  like 
all  good  things  these  standard  methods  have  their  drawbacks ;  and 
the  drawback  in  this  case  is  the  danger  that  the  young  analyst,  for 
whom  each  step  is  so  clearly  pointed  out,  and  who  has  become 
accustomed  to  look  for,  and  find,  a  guide  post  at  every  turning, 
will  lack  the  self-reliance  of  the  chemist  who  has  had  to  find  his 
own  way  among  the  pitfalls  and  "  No  Thoroughfares  "  of  analytical 
chemistry;  the  danger' that,  should  he  inadvertently  stray  from  the 
beaten  track,  or  leave  the  travelled  road  in  search  of  fresh  fields,  he 
will  quickly  lose  his  bearings,  and  his  courage  at  the  same  time. 

The  best  remedy  for  this  tendency  in  the  case  of  the  student  who 
has  been  thoroughly  grounded  in  the  principles  of  his  science,  and 
taught  those  habits  of  care  and  truthfulness  which  are  the  basis  of 
the  practice  of  chemistry,  is  to  undertake  some  investigation  of  an 
unknown  problem,  in  which  he  will  have  to  choose  or  devise  his 
own  methods  of  inquiry  and  test  for  himself  the  correctness  of  hi? 
results  and  his  conclusions.  This  will  give  him  an  interest  in  the 
literature  of  the  subject  which  nothing  else  will  do.  It  will  give 
him  glimpses  of  how  great  is  nature  and  how  little  he  knows, 
how  little  any  of  us  know.  It  will  make  him  a  chemist  rather  than 
an  analvst. 


170 


UNIVERSITY  OF  TOEONTO  MONTHLY. 


TOEONTONENSIA. 


UNIVERSITY   OF   TORONTO 

MONTHLY. 

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VERSITY OF  TORONTO. 

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EDITORIAL  COMMITTEE. 

I.  H.  CAMERON,  M.B.,  Chairman. 

J.  C.  MCLENNAN,  Ph.D.,  Secretary. 

L.  E.  EMBREE,  M.A.;  J.  MCGREGOR 
YOUNG,  H.A.;  H.  .7.  CODY,  M.  A. ;  J.  A. 
COOPER,  B.A.,  LL.B.;  C.  C.  JAMES,  M.A.; 
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tor. 

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THE   UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO   ALUMNI 

ASSOCIATION  :   LOCAL  ORGANIZATIONS. 

GENERAL    ASSOCIATION.  —  President, 

DR.  R.  A.  REEVE,  Toronto.     Secretary, 

J  C.  MCLENNAN,  Ph.  D.,  Dean's  House, 

University  of  Toronto. 

ALGOMA,  DISTRICT  OF.  —  President, 
REV.  J.  ALLAN,  B.A.,  Sault  Ste.  Marie, 
Ont.;  Secretary-Treasurer,  LESLIE  A. 
GREEN,  B.A.,  Sault  Ste.  Marie,  Ont. 

BRANT  COUNTY.  —  President,  A.  J. 
WILKES,  LL.B.,  K.C.,  Brantford,  Ont.; 
Secretary,  M.  J.  KEANE,  M.B.,  Brant- 
ford,  Ont. 

BRITISH  COLUMBIA. — President,  REV. 
R.  WHITTINGTON,  M.A.,  B.Sc.,  Vancou- 
ver, B.C. 

ELGIN  COUNTY,  ONT. — President,  J.  H. 
COYNE,  B.A.,  St.  Thomas.  Secretary,  S. 
Sn.cox,  B.A.,  B.  Psed.,  St.  Thomas. 

FRONTENAC  COUNTY.  — Secretary-Treas- 
urer, E.  O.  SLITER,  M. A.,  Kingston,  Ont. 
GREY  AND  BRUCE.  —  President,  A.  G. 
MCKAY,  B.A.,  Owen  Sound,  Ont. 
Secretary,  W.  D.  FERRIS,  M.B.,  Shallow 
Lake,  Ont. 

HASTINGS  COUNTY. — President,  LT.- 
COL.  W.  N.  PONTON,  M.A.,  Belleville. 
Secretary,  J.  T.  LUTON,  B.A..  Belleville. 
HURON  COUNTY.  —  President,  WM. 
GUNN,  M.D.,  Clinton,  Ont.  Secretary- 
Treasurer,  CHAS.  GARROW,  B.A.,  LL.B., 
Goderich,  Ont. 


KENT  COUNTY.  —  President,  D.  S. 
PATTERSON,  B.A.,  Chatham,  Ont.  Sec- 
retary, Miss  GRACE  MCDONALD,  B.A., 
Chatham,  Ont. 

LENNOX  AND  ADDINGTON  COUNTIES. — 
President,  H.  M.  DEROCHE,  B.A.,  K.C., 
Napanee.  Secretary-Treasurer,  U.  J. 
FLACK,  M.A.,  Napanee. 

LINCOLN  COUNTY.— President,  JOHN 
HENDERSON,  M.A.,  St.  Cauiarines. 
Secretary-Treasurer,  G.  B.  BURSON,  B.A., 
St.  Catharines. 

MIDDLESEX  COUNTY.— President,  TAL- 
BOT  MACBETH,  B.A.,  K.C.,  London. 
Secretary-Treasurer,  F.  E.  PERRIN,  B.A., 
London. 

MoNTREAL.-Pre*/dewt,  REV.  JOHN  SCRIM- 
OER,  M.A.,  Montreal.  Secretary,  E.  H. 
COOPER,  B.A.,  Montreal. 

OTTAWA. — President,  J.  C.  GLASHAN, 
M  A.,LL.D.,  Ottawa.  Secretary-Treasurer, 
J.  O.  CARSS,  B.A.,  Ottawa 

OXFORD—  President,  I.  M.  LEVAN,  B.A., 
Woodstock.  Secretary,  V.  A.  SINCLAIR. 
B.A.,  Tilsonlmrg. 

PERTH  COUNTY,  ONT. — President,  C.  J. 
MCGREGOR,  M.A.,  Stratford,  Ont. 
Secretary-Treasurer,  C.  A.  MAYBERRY, 
B.A.,  LL.B.,  Stratford,  Ont. 

PETERBOROUGH  COUNTY.  —  President, 
D.  W.  DUMBLE,  B.A.,  K.C.,  Peterborough. 
Secretary -Treasurer,  A.    STEVENSON,  B.A. 
Peterborough. 

PRINCE  EDWARD  COUNTY. — President, 
M.  CURRIB,  B.A.,  M.B.,  Picton. 

SIMCOE  COUNTY. — President,  DONALD 
Ross,  B.A.,  LL.B.,  Barrie,  Ont.;  Secre- 
tary-Treasurer, A.  F.  HUNTER,  M.A., 
Barrie1,  Ont. 

VICTORIA  COUNTY. — President,  J.  C. 
HARSTONE,  B.A.,  Lindsay,  Ont.  Secre- 
tary-Treasurer, Miss  E.  G.  FLAVELLE, 
B.A.,  Lindsay,  Ont. 

WATERLOO  COUNTY.— President,  His 
HONOUR  JUDGE  CHISHOLM,  Berlin,  Ont 
Secretary-Treasurer,  REV.  W.  A.  BRAD- 
LEY, B.A.,  Berlin,  Ont. 

WELLINGTON  COUNTY,  ONT.  —  Presi- 
dent, WM.  TYTLER,  B.A.,  Guelph,  Ont. 
Secretary-Treasurer,  R.  L.  McKiNNON, 
B.A.,  LL.B.,  Guelph,  Ont. 

WENTWORTH  COUNTY  GRADUATES' 
ASSOCIATION. — President,  J.  CHISHOLM, 
B.A.,  Hamilton,  Ont.  Secretary- 
Treasurer,  J.  T.  CRAWFORD,  B.A.,  Ham- 
ilton, Ont. 

NEW  YORK  CITY. — President,  Or.  H.  Ling, 
Ph.  D.,  New  York.  Secretary  Treasurer, 
J.  A.  MacVannel,  Ph.  D.,  N.Y. 


TORONTONENSIA. 


171 


Boundary  Posts. 

Through  the  kind  interest  of  W.  F. 
King,  B.A.  '75,  Chief  Astronomer,  De- 
partment of  the  Interior,  Ottawa, 
there  has  recently  been  presented  to 
the  University  of  Toronto  one  of  tne 
boundary  posts  which  formerly 
marked  part  of  tne  United  States- 
Canada  line  between  the  Richelieu 
river  and  the  St.  Lawrence,  forming 
part  of  the  northern  boundary  or 
New  York  and  commonly  known  as 
the  45th  parallel  of  latitude.  This 
line  was  originally  surveyed  as  tne 
41  th  parallel  by  Valentine  &  Collins, 
about  1874.  By  the  treaty  of  1783  the 
45th  parallel  was  designated  as  the 
international  boundary  in  that  part, 
which  description  was  repeated  in  the 
Tieaty  of  Ghent,  1814.  The  survey  and 
demarcation  of  the  whole  of  the  boun- 
dary from  the  St.  Lawrence  to  the 
Atlantic  failed  through  disputes. 

After  a  long  controversy,  the  mat- 
ter was  finally  settled  by  the  treaty 
of  9th  August,  1842,  commonly  known 
a  •>  the  Ashbur  ton-Webster  Treaty. 
Commissioners  Lt.-Col.  Estcourt,  for 
Great  Britain,  and  Mr.  Albert  Smith, 
for  the  United  States,  were  appointed 
pursuant  to  the  treaty  to  mark  the 
eastern  section  of  the  boundary.  By 
the  treaty,  as  regards  the  part  of  the 
boundary  under  consideration,  it  was 
decided  to  follow  the  Valentine  ana 
Collins  line,  and  this  part  was  marked 
in  1842  with  the  iron  posts,  of  which 
that  which  has  been  presented  to  the 
University  is  one.  Of  late  years  these 
old  posts  have  been  rapidly  deteriorat- 
ing, and  the  necessity  for  renewal  be- 
came apparent.  In  August,  itf'Ol,  an 
agreement  was  reached  with  the  gov- 
ernment at  "Washington,  by  which 
the  State  of  New  York  and  Canada 
jointly  undertook  the  placing  of  new 
monuments  between  the  Richelieu  and 
St.  Lawrence  Rivers.  This  work  was 
carried  on  in  1902,  granite  stones 
being  set  in  place  of  the  old  iron 
prsts.  W.  F.  King,  B.A.,  was  the 
Commissioner  for  Canada,  and  Hon. 
Fdward  A.  Bond,  State  Engineer  and 
Surveyor  of  New  York,  for  that  State. 


New  York  Alumni  Banquet. 

The  first  annual  dinner  of  the  University 
•of  Toronto  Club  of  New  York  was  held 


on  the  evening  of  January  30,  at  the  Hotel 
Manhattan.  Those  present  were:  J.  P. 
Bowerman,  W.  H.  Cragg,  F.  A.  Cleland, 
B.A.  '98,  M.B.  '01;  T.  H.  Alison,  B.A., 
Sc.  '92,  C.E.;  W.  A.  Goodall,  M.D.  '84; 
R.  Henderson,  B.A.  '91 ;  Rev.  W.  A.  Laid- 
law,  B.A. '81,M.A.;  G.  H.  Ling,  B.A.  '93; 
W.  Fingland.  S.P.S.  '93;  Rev.  D.  Junor, 
B.A.  '66,  M.A.;  A.  H.  Montgomery,  B.A. 
'98,  M.B.  '01 ;  C.  D.  Paul,  B.A.  '58,  M.A. ; 
J.  A.  McVannel,  B.A.  '93 ;  J.  A.  McKellar, 
B.A. '91;  W.  A.  Robertson,  B.A.  '95;  E. 
W.  Stern,  M.  Am.  Soc.  C.E.  '84;  T.  K. 
Thompson,  C.E.  '86;  C.  L.  Wilson;  N.  S. 
Shen stone,  B.A.  '01  ;  T.  A.  Wilkinson, 
S.P.S.  '98 ;  A.  B.  Robinson,  M.B.  '69 ;  F. 
K.  Johnston,  B.A.  '96;  W.  F.  Chappell, 
M.B.  '79;  C.  M.  Keys,  B.A.  '97;  E.  M. 
Wilcox,  B.A.  '01.  'Dr.  Wolfred  Nelson, 
president  of  the  McGill  Society  of  New 
York,  representing  McGill  University,  and 
Mr.  S.  A.  Mitchell,  representing  Queen's 
University,  were  guests  of  tne  Club. 
President  London  of  the  University  was 
the  guest  of  the  evening  and  received  a 
most  enthusiastic  welcome.  Dr.  Ling, 
president  of  the  Club,  was  toastmaster  and 
spoke  briefly  concerning  the  objects  of  the 
society.  Mr.  Cornelius  D.  Paul,  in  an  in- 
teresting and  eloquent  speech,  proposed  the 
toast  of  Alma  Mater.  President  London 
in  responding  was  splendidly  received. 
He  outlined  the  rapid  growth  of  the  Uni- 
versity in  numbers,  the  growing  com- 
plexity of  the  problems  which  have  to  be 
solved,  and  the  most  urgent  needs  of  the 
University  at  the  present  time.  The 
members  of  the  club  were  much  gratified 
with  President  Loudon's  kindness  in  tak- 
ing the  time  at  this  present  busy  period  of 
the  University  year  to  come  to  'New  York 
and  speak  to  them  of  the  outlook  of  their 
old  University. 

John  Angus  MacVannel,  Secretary. 

Montreal  Alumni. 

A  meeting  of  the  University  of  To- 
ronto Alumni  residing  in  Montreal 
and  its  vicinity  was  held  Feb.  9th,  at 
which  were  present: — Rev.  Principal 
W.  I.  Shaw,  B.A.  '61,  M.A.,  LL.D.,  D.D., 
Rev.  Professor  John  Scrimger,  B.A.  '69, 
Rev.  John  Mackay,  B.A.  '99,  Oswald 
W.  Howard,  B.A.  '96,  B.D.,  Geo.  S. 
Macdonald,  B.A.  '82,  W.  Graham 
Browne,  B.A.  '98.  H.  B.  Poliwka,  B.  K. 
Sandwell,  B.A.  '99,  John  McCrae,  B.A. 
•94.  M.B.  '98.  E.  W.  Beatty,  B.A.  '98, 
Douglas  Armour,  B.A.  '81.* 

On  the  motion  of  Mr.  W.  Graham 
Browne,  seconded  by  Rev.  John  Mac- 


172 


UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 


kay,  Rev.  Professor  Scrimger  was  ap- 
pointed chairman. 

The  General  Secretary,  Dr.  McLen- 
nan, who  was  present,  explained  the 
objects  and  the  work  done  by  the 
various  organizations  throughout  On- 
tario, and  hoped  that  the  graduates 
of  the  University  of  Toronto  in  Mont- 
Teal  would  organize  a  similar  branch 
for  the  purpose  of  promoting  the  in- 
terests of  the  University.  On  the  mo- 
tion of  Rev.  John  Mackay,  seconded 
by  Mr.  Douglas  Armour,  it  was  re- 
solved to  form  an  organization. 

The  following  officers  were  elect- 
ed by  acclamation  for  the  ensuing 
year: — President,  Rev.  John  Scrimger; 
vice-president,  Douglas  Armour,  B.A.; 
scc.-treasurer,  E.  H.  Cooper,  B.A.; 
councillors,  W.  Graham  Browne,  B.A.; 
O.  W.  Howard,  B.A.,  B.D.;  Geo.  S. 
Macdonald,  B.A. 


Oxford  County  Association. 

A  meeting  of  the  alumni  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Toronto,  in  Oxford  county,  was 
held  at  Woodstock,  February  21st,  at 
which  a  branch  of  the  Alumni  Association 
was  formed,  with  the  following  officers ; — 
President,  I.  M.  Levan,  B.A.,  '81,  Wood- 
stock; vice-presidents,  Geo.  Smith,  B.A. , 
'79,  Woodstock;  J.  A.  Williams,  M.D., 
'63,  Ingersoll;  J.  Carruthers,  B.A.,  '79, 
Tilsonburg;  secretary-treasurer,  V.  A. 
Sinclair,  B.A.,  '92,  LL.B.,  Tilsonburg; 
councillors,  C.  S.  Kerr,  B.A.,  '89,  Wood- 
stock; J.  L.  Patterson,  B.A.,  '95,  Inger- 
soll; A.  Clark,  D.D.S.,  '89,  Woodstock; 
Mrs.  Secord,  B. A., '95, Ingersoll;  Eev.  W. 
L.  Rutledge,  B.A..  '92,  Woodstock.  A 
resolution  was  adopted  favouring  the 
establishment  of  a  school  of  forestry  at  the 
Universitv  of  Toronto. 


The    Harmonic    Club. 

Some  have  doubted  the  usefulness 
of  the  Harmonic  Club's  tour  from  the 
University  point  of  view,  but  I  believe 
that  these  representatives  of  the  stu- 
dent life  of  the  University  accom- 
plished much  for  the  extension  move- 
ment by  the  tour.  They  were  brought 
into  touch  with  many  young  people 
and  with  many  homes,  and  they  left 
behind  a  good  impression.  They  re- 
cognized their  representative  respon- 
sibilities; and  many  people1  who  had 
hazy  ideas  or  theories  about  university 
students,  now  have  an  interest  In 
university  life  through  meeting  these 


examples.  Those  of  us  who,  in  the 
eld  days,  had  lived  in  the  Residence, 
feared  that  the  old  associations  might 
have  gone,  the  old  traditions  been, 
forgotten,  but  these  young  fellows 
\vith  their  good  comradeship  and  good 
spirit,  more  than  revived  old  mem- 
ories: they  raised  new  hopes.  Why 
should  Queen's  and  McGill  have  it  all 
their  own  way  in  Eastern  Ontario? 
Our  Provincial  University  should  be 
magnetic  enough  to  draw  as  many  from 
the  East  as  from  the  West.  These 
types  of  robust  and  refined  manhood 
who  conducted  their  musical  mission 
during  last  week  are  "  neither  children 
nor  gods,  but  men  in  a  world  of  men,ir 
and  they  did  the  University  good  ser- 
vice. In  their  programmes  the  hum- 
orous, the  heroic,  and  the  pathetic 
were  represented  and  the  literary  ele- 
ment was  not  wanting.  If  the  Uni- 
versity desires  to  centralize  degree- 
cc.nf erring  powers  in  music  in  Toronto, 
no  better  proof  that  harmony  is  more 
than  theory  there,  could  have  been 
given.  And  the  reflex  action  should 
not  be  forgotten,  for  while  the  young 
men  lost  their  lectures,  yet  they  were 
pttending  the  university  of  life,  and 
their  experience  will  not  be  futile. 
Wm.  N.  Ponton, 

President     Hastings     County    Alumni 
Association. 

A  Joke  by  the  First  Vice-President. 

The  Rev.  Dr.  McCaul,  the  first  Vice- 
President  of  the  University,  was  an 
Iiishman,  and  a  witi  as  the  following 
incident  shows: 

Back  in  the  forties  a  fine  looking 
man  of  good  appearance  and  address, 
arrived  in  Toronto  and  put  up  at  the 
most  fashionable  hotel  in  the  city, 
Ellah's,  which  was  on  King  Street, 
where  the  Rossin  House  now  stands. 
He  managed  to  become  acquainted 
with  the  leading  people  in  Toronto,  and 
no  dinner  party  was  considered  com- 
plete without  him.  It  soon  became 
noticed  that  after  each  of  these  par- 
ties a  burglary  was  committed  in  the 
host's  residence,  and  the  most  valu- 
able plate  that  had  adorned  the  dinner 
table,  stolen.  At  last  suspicion  fell 
upon  the  stranger,  and,  whether  he 
was  arrested  or  got  away  before  ar- 
rest, I  do  not  remember,  but  that  he 
•uas  the  culprit  became  a  settled  be- 
lief, and  at  the  first  dinner  party 


TOKONTONENSIA. 


173- 


thereafter  given  by  Doctor  McCaul, 
who  had  been  one  of  the  first  to  en- 
tertain and  to  be  robbed,  his  guests, 
in  an  assumed  tone  of  severity,  up- 
b; aided  him  with  introducing  the 
stranger  to  them.  After  a  good  deal 
oi  badinage  and  much  sympathy  at 
his  own  loss,  the  Vice-President  ex- 
claimed in  a  weary  and  hurt  tone:-— 
"  Yes!  Yes!  Gentlemen,  he  robbed  me 
of  all  my  plate,  and  I  suppose  I  am 
the  only  '  spoon  '  he  left  in  the  house." 
William  Boys. 


Cycle  of  Musical  Festivals. 

C.  A.  E.  Harriss,  Mus.B.  (Tor.)  of 
Ottawa,  has  arranged  a  Cycle  of  Musi- 
cal Festivals  for  the  Dominion,  and 
there  have  been  organized  festival 
choruses  in  the!  principal  cities  and 
towns.  Through  his  efforts  four  thou- 
sand Canadian  voices  will  interpret 
this  spring  the  compositions  of  Brit- 
ish composers  in  a  series  of  festivals 
commencing  at  Halifax,  N.S.,  March 
31st,  and  terminating  at  Victoria, 
B.C.,  May  9th.  These  concerts  will  be 
conducted  by  Sir  Alexander  Macken- 
zie, principal  of  the  London  Royal 
Academy  of  Music,  and  a  number  of 
the  best  known  artists  of  Great  Brit- 
ain have  been  engaged  to  take  part  in 
them. 


The  University  and  its  Critics. 

For  some  time  past  there  has  been 
more  public  discussion  of  the  admin- 
istration of  University  affairs  than 
,uf.ual.  The  press  has  not  been  nig- 
gardly in  the  matter  of  space,  and, 
•where  the  facts  were  at  the1  disposal 
of  the  writers,  both  correspondence 
r.nd  editorial  comment  have  generally 
been  fair. 

An  article  in  the  "Canadian  Grocer" 
a  short  time  ago,  is  however  a  marked 
exception  to  this.  The  tone  seems 
hardly  judicial,  to  say  the  least,  and 
so  far  as  facts  were  available,  tho 
writer  seems  to  have  mishandled 
them.  A  letter  from  President  Lou- 
r.on  in  the  "  News,"  February  10th, 
corrects  a'  number  of  the  inaccura- 
cies in  this  article,  and  points  out 
that  the  influence  of  the1  best  trained 
l.usiness  men  in  the  community  is 
felt  in  the  guidance  of  the  Univer- 
sity's affairs  in  much  the  same  way  as 
in  McGill,  with  which  our  University 


had  been  compared  to  our  disadvant- 
age. Facts  and  figures  as  to  the  pres- 
ent attendance  in  the  University  are 
cited  by  the  President,  and  the  success 
of  the  Alumni  is  pointed  to  as  a 
criterion  of  the  work  of  the  Univer- 
sity. 

In  commenting  on  President  Lou- 
don's  letter  the  "  Globe  "  said, — "  It 
is  right  and  useful  that  a  public  in- 
stitution like  the  Provincial  Univer- 
sity should  be  the  subject  of  criticism. 
Put  criticism,  to  serve  any  good  pur- 
pose, must  be  intelligent  and  franK. 
Intelligence  without  frankness  misses 
the  mark,  and  frankness  without  in- 
telligence is  mere  impertinence." 

Bystander  in  the  "  Weekly  Sun " 
makes  this  reference  to  recent  criti- 
cism:— "The/  University  of  Toronto 
has  had  a  bad  time.  Its  staff  has 
been  called  upon,  without  first-rate 
pay,  to  do  first-rate  work,  and  on  the 
whole  has  done  it.  It  has  to  compete 
with  denominational  universities,  one 
of  which,  for  political  reasons,  is  prac- 
tically subsidized  by  the  Government. 
Tt  gets  criticism  in  abundance,  and 
would  be  none  the  worse  for  a  little 
support." 

In  the  course  of  an  extended  de- 
scription of  the  new.  Medical  Faculty 
building,  the  "Mail  and  Empire"  says: 
"  Toronto's  great  university  will  be- 
able  to  offer  its  medical  students  ad- 
vantages at  present  enjoyed  by  no 
other  higher  educational  institution 
in  Canada  or  the  United  States." 

The  following  appreciation  of  Presi- 
dent Loudon's  administration  appears 
in  a  recent  issue  of  the  "  World." 

"  The  people  of  Ontario  perhaps 
hardly  recognize  the  extent  of  the  work 
that  has  been  done  in  the  University 
of  Toronto  during  the  last  decada. 
The  work  includes  the  building  up  oi 
the  institution  on  its  scientific  side. 
Buildings  and  equipment  have  now 
been  provided  for  biology,  physiology, 
chemistry,  mineralogy,  geology  and 
applied  science.  Most  of  this  work 
has  been  done  in  the1  last  decade, 
and,  when  a  building  is  erected  for 
I-hysics,  the  equipment  of  the  Univer- 
sity will  be  exceptionally  strong. 
Some  idea  of  the  progress  that  has 
been  made  may  be  gained  from  one- 
fact.  In  1887,  there  was  accommoda- 
tion for  ten  students  in  biology  in 
the  School  of  Science  Building.  There- 


174 


UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 


.is  now  a  biological  building  which, 
will  accommodate  150  students.  The 
accommodation  for  students  in  chem- 
istry has  increased  from  40  or  50  to 
SOO.  In  equipment  and  in  number  of 
students,  Toronto  is  now  the  leading 
colonial  university  in  the  British  em- 
pire, and,  in  all  departments,  it  has 
more  than  kept  pace  with  its  rivals. 
Its  degrees  in  arts  and  medicine  are 
held  in  high  estimation  in  the  United 
States,  and  American  university  men 
often  ask  how  it  is  that  the  Toronto 
students  do  so  well.  The  answer  may 
be  that  it  is  essentially  a  university 
for  men  of  small  means.  The  fees  are 
exceedingly  low  as  compared  with 
those  of  American  colleges,  and  this 
attracts  a  class  of  young  men  who  are 
obliged  to  economize  in  order  to  get 
through  the  course,  who  are  thor- 
oughly in  earnest,  and  who  appreciate 
the  value  of  the  education  they  re- 
ceive. 

"In  President  Loudon  the  University 
has  an  executive  head  of  very  excep- 
tional ability.  He  is  a  worker  rather 
than  a  talker,  and  his  work  is  not  re- 
cognized by  the  people  of  this  Pro- 
vince as  it  ought  to  be.  It  would 
seem  as  if  we  are  getting  into  the 
habit  of  overestimating  the  talking 
faculty  in  this  country,  and  of  choosing 
smooth  talkers  rather  than  workers 
for  the  heads  of  governments  and 
ether  institutions.  Instead  of  asking 
whether  a  man  understands  his  busi- 
ness, we  inquire  whether  he  can  de- 
liver himself  of  some  fine  sentiments 
at  a  tea-meeting,  or  in  an  after- 
dinner  speech.  In  consequence  of  cuis 
ciaving  for  words,  we  are  threatened 
with  a  roaring  cataract  of  gush  in  all 
departments  of  public  life.  It  is  posi- 
tively refreshing  to  come  across  a 
man  like  President  Loudon,  who  does 
his  work  with  scientific  precision  and 
directness,  and  leaves  to  others  the 
work  of  describing  it.  Perhaps,  as  he 
is  rather  a  reticent  man,  there  is  all 
the  greater  obligation  resting  on 
others  to  see  that  full  justice  is  aone 
to  his  fine  qualities,  and  to  the  splen- 
did work  he1  has  done  for  the  Uni- 
versity. 
i 

Most  of  President  Loudon's  work 
has  been  done  on  the  scientific  side, 
but  he  began  his  teaching  in  classics, 
and  has  a  broad  and  sympathetic  ap- 
preciation of  the  literary  side  of  edu- 


cation. If  he  talked  more  about 
breadth  and  culture,  this  would  be 
more  generally  recognized;  the  age 
seems  to  require  that  a  man  should 
put  all  his  talents  in  the  shop  win- 
dow, and  ticket  them  for  all  to  see. 
The  University  of  Toronto  is,  of 
course,  open  to  criticism,  and  open  to 
improvement,  but  it  seems  to  us  tnat 
it  has  received  a  little  too  much  criti- 
cism of  the  cold  and  carping  kind, 
and  that  a  little  encouragement, 
gratitude  and  recognition  are  due  to 
it  by  the  graduates  and  by  the  people 
of  Ontario. 


Faculty  of  Arts. 

Class  of  1871. 
H.  Archibald,  B.A.'  71,  is  a  barrister 

ir.  Winnipeg,  Man. W.  H.  Ballard, 

B.A.,  M.A.  '75,  is  a  school  inspector 
residing  in  Hamilton. W.  R.  Burn- 
ham,  B.A.  (ob.).-^ — The  Toronto  ad- 
dress of  G.  E.  Casey,  B.A.,  is  the 
National  Club,  Bay  Street,  To- 
ronto.    W.  Dale,  B.A.,  M.A.  '73, 

is  a  lecturer  on  Greek  and  Roman 
History  at  McMaster  University,  To- 
ronto.  E.  H.  Dickson,  B.A.,  is  in, 

Kingston,  Ont. H.  Fletcher,  B.A.,  is 

a  geologist  at  Ottawa,  Ont. W.  D. 

Foss,  B.A.,  is  a  retired  barrister  re- 
siding at  Norwich,  Ont. Rev. 

T.  E.  Fotheringham,  B.A.,  M.A. 
'72,  is  a  Presbyterian  clergyman 

in    St.    John,    N.B. J.    Henderson, 

B.A.,  M.A.  '72,  is  a  teacher  at  St.  Cath- 
arines, Ont. D.  H.  Hunter,  B.A. 

(ob.).   M.   Kew,   B.A.,   resides  at 

Los  Angeles,     California. W.     H. 

Kingston,    B.A.,    M.A.    '73,    K.C.,    is    a 

barrister  at  Mount  Forest,  Ont. J. 

S.  Ledyard,  B.A.,  is  a  mining  broker 

in    San    Franci.«co.    California. W.    C. 

i&iddleton,  B.A.,  is  a  rancher  at  Cres- 
cent Lake,  N.W.T.  T.  W.  Mills, 

B.A.,  M.A.  '72,  M.D.  (McGill)  '78,  is  a 
professor  of  Physiology  at  McGill 

University,   Montreal.   Z.   C.   Mc- 

Cormick,  B.A.,  M.A.  '72  (ob.). Rev. 

K  H.  Macpherson,  B.A.,  M.A.  '72,  is  a 
Presbyterian  clergyman  at  Oakville, 

Ont. J.  G.  Robinson,  B.A.  M.A.  '73, 

is  a  barrister  and  resides  at  11  Wood 

St.,  Toronto. J.  R.  Teefy,  B.A.  M.A. 

'94,  LL.D.  (Hon.)  96,  is  professor  of 
Mental  Philosophy  at,  and  Superior 

of,  St.  Michael's  College,  Toronto. 

J.  R.  Wightman,  B.A.,  M.A.  '72,  Is 
professor  of  Romance  Languages  at 
Oberlin  College,  Oberlin,  O. 


TORONTONENSIA. 


175 


The  addresses  of  the  following  are 
unknown: 

Thomas  Blair  Browning,  B.A.; 
J?mes  Crozier,  B.A. ;  Henry  Minaker 
Hicks,  B.A.,  M.A.  '83. 


Faculty  of  Arts  (Victoria). 

Cisiss  of  1S71. 

A.  Bowerman,  B.A.,  M.A.  '74,  is  liv- 
ing in  Winnipeg,  Man. C.  Boyd, 

B.A.,  M.A.  '99,  is  living  in  North  Wake- 
field,   Que. J.   A.   Carman,   B.A.,   is 

living  in  Iroquois,  Ont. J.  A.  Chap- 
man, B.A.,  M.A.  '74,  is  living  in  Gra- 

hamsville,   Ont. H.   Currie,  B.A.,   is 

living  in  Thedford,  Ont. S.  Hickey, 

B.A.,  M.D.,  is  living  in  West  Winches- 
ter, B.C. A.  L.  Holmes,  B.A.,  M.A. 

'74,  is  the  head   master  of  the  Com- 
mercial College  in  Stanstead,  Que. 

C.  A.  Kingston,  B.A,  M.A.  '73,  is  liv- 
ing    in     London,     Ont. Rev.     J. 

Laing,     B.A.,     M.A.      '74      (Ob.).  - 

D.  McBride,    B.A..    is    living   in   Port 

Perry,  Ont. W.  H.  McFadden,  ri.A., 

K.C.,  LL.B.  '73,  is  living  in  Brampton, 

Ont. D.  C.  Mclntyre,  B.A.,  M.A.  '73. 

is  living  in  Beamsville,  Ont. E.  Mc- 

Mahon,  B.A   (Ob.). Rev.  J.   maund- 
ers,   B.A.,    M.A.    '80,    is    a    Methodist 
clergyman  residing  at  360  Maria  Ave., 

St.  Paul,    Minn. J.   W .    Sparling.  B. 

A.,    M.A.,   '74,   i^     living   in      Winnipeg, 

Man. G.  H.  Watson,  B.A.,  LL.B.  '73, 

is  residing  at  79  St.   George  St.,  To- 
ronto.  R.    W.    Wilson,    B.A.,    M.A., 

'74,   LL.B.    '79,   is   living  in   Cobourg, 
Ont 

The  addresses  of  the  following  are 
unknown: 

M.  Brethour,  B.A. G.  R.  Cook, 

JB.A.,  M.D. 


Faculty    of    Mediciue. 

Class  of  1877. 

J.  P.  Armour,  M.B.,  is  a  physician 
at  St.  Catharines,  Ont. J.  J.  Es- 
mond, M.B.,  is  a  physician  at  3618  In- 
dependence Avenue,  Kansas  City,  Mis- 
souri.  B.  Field,  M.B.,  is  a  physi- 
cian at  599  Spadina  Avenue.  To- 
ronto.  D.  M.  Fisher,  M.B.  (ob.)— 

J.  M.  Good,  M.B.,    is    a    physician  in 

Dawson  City.  Y.T. A.  Grant.  ,M.3., 

is  a  physician  at  Beaverton,  Ont. — 
G.   A.   Langstaff,  M.B.,  is  a  physician 

at  Thornhill.  Ont. M.  Macklin,  M.i>., 

is  a  physician  in  Winnipeg,  Man. — 
<G    T.  McKeough,  M.B.,  is  a  physician 


at  Chatham.  Ont. A.  H.  McKinnon, 

M.B-.    (ob.). R.    B.    Orr,    M.B..    is    a 

physician  at  147  Cowan  Avenue,  To- 
ronto, Ont. W.  T.  Parke.  M.B..  M.D. 

'80,  is  a  physician  at  Woodstock,  Ont. 
N.  D.  Richards,  M.B.,  is  a  physi- 
cian in  Warkworth,  Ont. J.  B. 

Smith,    M.B.    (ob.) D.    A.    Stewart, 

M.B.,  is  a  physician  in  Ailsa  Craig, 
Cnt. W.  T.  Stuart,  M.B.,  is  a  phy- 
sician at  197  Spadina  Avenue,  To- 
ronto.  M.  Button,  M.B.,  is  a  physi- 
cian in  Cooksville,  Ont. W.  Tis- 

dale,  M.B.,  is  a  physician  in  Lynedoch, 
Ont.  -  -  F.  B.  Wilkinson,  M.B.,  is  a 

physician     at    Sarnia,   Ont. T.   H. 

Wilson,  M.B.  (ob.) W.  E.  WinskelJ, 

M.B.,  is  a  physician  at  9154  Commer- 
cial Avenue,  Chicago,  111. u.  Young. 

M.B.   (ob.). 

The   address   of   William    A.    Munn, 
M.B..  is  unknown. 


Personals. 

Dr.  G.  H.  Carvetli  is  successfully  con- 
ducting a  private  hospital  at  239  College 
St.,  Toronto. 

'I  he  alumni  residing  in  Ottawa  enter- 
tained their  friends  by  giving  a  ball  on  the 
evening  of  Shrove  Tuesday,  February  24th. 

Rev.  H.  A.  Dwyer,  B.A.  '90,  LL.B. 
'92,  who  is  a  curate  in  the  Church  of 
England,  resides  at  Westhill,  London, 
EC. 

Thomas  Hodgins,  B.A.  '56,  M.A.  '59, 
LL.B.  '58,  K.C.,  has  been  appointed 
Judge  of  Admiralty  Court  to  take  the 
place  of  the  late  Judge  Macdougall. 

Miss  Florence  Lee  Sheridan,  B.A. 
'97,  M.A.  '98,  has  been  travelling  In 
Europe  for  the  past  six  months,  and  is 
now  at  the  Continental  Hotel,  Rom:. 

A.  D.  Chambers,  B.A.  '92,  is  living 
in  Ashburn.  Mo.,  where  he  has  been 
for  the  last  six  years  assistant  super- 
intendent of  the  Hercules  Powder  Co. 

iM.  L.  Rush,  B.A.  '96,  is  one  of  the 
examiners  in  the  Patent  Office  at 
Ottawa;  W.  H.  T.  Megill,  B.A.  '96,  has 
held  a  similar  position  for  some  time. 

The  Rev.  E.  G.  Robb,  B.A.  '99,  M.A. 
'00,  Sandon,  B.C..  has  been  appointed 
VT  the  Foreign  Mission  Board  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church  to  the  mission 
a;:  Honan.  China. 

Colin  V.  Dyment,  B.A.  '00,  has  re- 
moved from  Walla  Walla",  Washing- 
ton, to  Pendleton,  Ore.,  wheT>t  he  is 
in  charge  of  a  news  bureau  for  the 
"  Spokesman  Review,"  of  Spokane, 
Wash. 


176 


UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 


Rev.  James  McCrea,  B.A.  '97,  has 
removed  from  Margaret,  (Man.,  to 
Weyburn,  Assa.,  where  he  has  charge 
of  the  Presbyterian  congregation. 

Miss  Johnston,  B.A.,  gave  a  recep- 
tion on  Feb.  27th,  to  the  alumnae  and 
alumni  resident  in  New  York.  It  was 
held  from  eight  to  eleven  o'clock  at 
128  West  82nd  St. 

J.  E.  Lehmann,  M.B.  '93,  assistant 
surgeon  to  the  German  Hospital,  Lon- 
don, Eng.,  has  returned  to  his  duties 
there  after  spending  an  enjoyable 
six  weeks  leave  of  absence  on  this 
side  of  the  Atlantic. 

The  following  graduates  in  the 
faculty  of  medicine  received  the  degree 
of  L.R.C.P.,  England,  February  2nd, 
G.  W.  Badgerow,  M.B.  '94,  W.  T.  Friz- 
zell  M.B.  '98,  S.  H.  McCoy,  B.A.  '89, 
M.B.'  92. 

B.  C.  H.  Harvey,  B.A.  '94,  M.B.  '98, 
demonstrator  of  anatomy  in  the  Uni- 
versity of  Chicago,  who  was  injured 
i.i  the  collision  on  the  Grand  Trunk 
Railroad  at  Wanstead  on  December 
26th,  is  still  in  Victoria  Hospital, 
London. 

W.  W.  VanEvery,  S.P.S.  '99,  is  now 
mechanical  engineer  for  the  Lacka- 
wana  Iron  and  Steel  Co.,  Labanon,  Pa. 
The  company  is  making  extensive  al- 
terations in  its  plant  of  five  furnaces 
and  has  almost  completed  the  con- 
struction of  a  237  Otto-Hoffman  by- 
product coke  oven  plant. 

Eltham  Wood,  M.D.  '60,  was  the  only 
son  of  the  late  Amasa  Wood  of  Fin- 
gal  and  St.  Thomas,  Ont.,  the  founder 
of  the  Amasa  Wood  Hospital  in  St. 
Thomas.  After  graduation  he  took  a 
post-graduate  course  in  England  and 
practised  there  for  a  short  time  before 
his  death,  which  occurred  at  an  early 
age.  Mrs.  W.  H.  B.  Aikens,  a  niece", 
is  one  of  the  few  surviving  members 
of  Dr.  Wood's  family. 

Alex.  Carlyle,  B.A.  '70,  who  resides 
at  30  Newbattle  Terrace,  Edinburgh, 
has  forwarded  a  subscription  of  one 
hundred  dollars  to  the  Convocation 
Hall  Fund.  Mr.  Carlyle  is  a  nephew 
and  his  wife  a  niece  of  the  great 
Thomas  Carlyle,  and  as  they  were 
residuary  legatees  of  the  famous 
writer's  estates,  the  contribution 
seems  almost  to  come  from  the  hand 
of  the  Chelsea  sage  himself. 

Re,v.  Francis  R.  Beattie,  B.A.  '75, 
M.A.  '76,  D.D.,  LL.D.  (Ky.),  has  been 
fifteen  years  in  theological  work  in  the 


service  of  the  Presbyterian  Church, 
South.  For  five  years  he  taught  apolo- 
getics in  Columbia  Seminary,  South 
Carolina,  and  for  ten  he  has  been  in 
the  Presbyterian  Theological  Seminary 
in  Louisville,  Ky.,  teaching  apologetics 
and  systematic  theology.  This  insti- 
tute has  six  professors,  about  sixty 
students,  and  property  ^,nd  endow- 
ment of  about  $650,000'.  He  is  also 
associate  editor  of  the  "  Christian 
Observer,"  the  largest  Presbyterian 
paper  in  the  Southern  States.  Dr. 
Leattie  has  published  several  books, 
and  has  now  in  the  press  a  large  trea- 
tise on  apologetics.  He  received  the 
degree  of  D.D.  by  examination  from 
Montreal  Presbyterian  College  in  1887, 
and  LL.D.  (Hon.)  from  Central  Uni- 
versity, Kentucky. 

President  Loudon,  during  his  recent 
•  visit  to  New  York  to  speak  at  the  dinner 
of  the  University  of  Toronto  Club  in  that 
city,  attended  a  meeting  of  the  New  York 
Branch  of  the  Alumnae  Association  at  the 
home  of  Mrs.  John  Angus  MacVannel, 
B.A. '93, 2441  Seventh  Avenue,  New  York 
City.  The  members  of  the  association 
present  were  Misses  Helen  Birkenthal,'89, 
Alice  K.  Healy,  B.A.  '98,  Margaret  Hun- 
ter, B.A.  '98,  Mary  Johnston,  B.A.  '93, 
Jessie  K.  Law?on,  B.A.  '99,  Nellie  J. 
Lamont,  B.A.  '98,  Mabel  K.  Mason,  B.A. 
'99,  Kathleen  L.  Mullins,  B.A.  '99,  Eliza- 
beth McNeely,  B.A.  '96,  Dr.  Kate  Maclaren, 
'94,  Jennie  M.  Pearce,  B.A.  '98,  Margaret 
L.  Robertson,  B.A.  '94,  Eva  A.  Robinson, 
B.A.  '02,  Bertha  Rosenstadt,  B.A.  '98, 
Leah  Sherwood,  B.A. '9"7,  Alice  B.  Tucker, 
B.A.  '96,  Flora  M.  Webb,  B.A.  '98,  Mrs. 
L.  H.  Tasker,  B.A.  '97.  The  meeting  was 
very  informal  and  all  appreciated  the 
opportunity  of  greeting  the  President  of 
the  University. 

Marriages. 

McAlpine-Stewart — Rev.  R.  J.  Mc- 
Alpine,  B.A.  '99,  M.A.  '00,  of  Knox 
Church,  Owen  Sound,  Ont.,  was  mar- 
ried to  Miss  M.  Stewart,  of  Hamilton, 
Ont.,  February  4th. 


Deaths. 

Smythe— Suddenly  at  Kingston,  Ont, 
February  14th,  Edward  H.  Smythe, 
B.A.  '67,  M.A.  '71,  LL.D.  '81,  K.C.,  pre- 
sident of  the  Frontenac  County 
Alumni  Association. 

Steen— Rev.  F.  J.  Steen,  B.A.  '88-, 
Vicar  of  Christ  Church  Cathedral,  Mont- 
real, died  in  that  city  February  24th. 


NEILS    HENRIK    ABEL 

BOKN    I802— DIED    1829 


THE 

UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

VOL.  III.  APRIL,  1903.  No.  7. 

TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 

PAGE  PAGff 

Forestry  and  the  University  Question,  Biological  Bulletin 229 

Rit  James  London,  LL'D.     .      .      .177  Success  in  Insurance       ....  229 

The  Abel  Centenary,  By  J.  C.  Fields,  Faculty  of  Arts,  Class  of  1891       .   229 

B.A.,  Pfi.D 184  "        1873       .  231 

The  Art  Impulse,  By  Arnold  Hanltain,  "          "          Victoria,  Class  of 

M.A 191  1872,  '73     ...     .     .     .     .  232 

Sartor  Resartus,  By  W.  J.  Alexander,  Faculty    of    Medicine,    'addresses 

B.A.,  Ph.D 195  unknown.  Class  of  Is 93,  '94, 

The  Convocation  Hall  Fund      ...  204  '95,  '96,  '98 232 

Torontonensia 224  Faculty  of  Medicine,  Class  of  1878  232 

Alumni  in  Alberta                                      225  Oc^an  Water  .                                  .  233 


Elgin  County  Alumni 
Peterborough  County  Alumni, 
Waterloo  County  Alumni 
Wentworth  County  Alumni 


225  Montreal  Alumni 234 

226  Personals 234 

226  Marriages 236 

228 


UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY  is  published  during  the  college  year  in  nine 
monthly  issues.  The  subscription  price  is  ONE  DOLLAR  per  year,  single  copies  FIFTEEN 
CENTS.  All  subscriptions  are  credited,  October-June,  unless  otherwise  ordered. 

All  remittances  and  communications  should  be  addressed  to  J.  C.  McLennan, 
Ph.D.,  Secretary  of  the  University  of  Toronto  Alumni  Association,  Dean's  Hou-'e, 
University  of  Toronto. 

FORESTRY  AND  THE  UNIVERSITY  QUESTION. 

BY  JAMES  LOUDON,  LL.D., 

President  of  the  University  of  Toronto. 

T!  HAT  provision  should  be  made  by  the  State  for  instruction  in 
Forestry  in  Ontario  is  acknowledged  on  every  hand.  What 
does  not  meet  with  general  agreement  is  the  manner  of  effecting 
this  desirable  end. 

Let  me  first  give  a  brief  account  of  the  steps  taken  by  the  Uni- 
versity of  Toronto  towards  the  establishment  of  a  School  of  For- 
estry in  connection  with  the  Provincial  University. 

At  the  outset  two  distinct  plans  regarding  the  subject  were 
advanced :  (1)  to  establish  a  School  in  connection  with  the  Ontario 
Agricultural  College  at  Guelph;  (2)  to  follow  the  example  of 
Yale  and  Cornell,  and  establish  such  a  School  at  Toronto  in  con- 
nection with  the  Provincial  University.  On  discussion  of  the 


178  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

whole  question,  the  advantage  of  utilizing  the  instruction  already 
provided  in  the  scientific  departments  of  the  University  became 
so  apparent  that  it  was  unanimously  agreed,  as  between  the  two 
Provincial  institutions,  to  adopt  the  latter  plan.  This  plan  in- 
cludes a  summer  school  at  Guelph  for  instruction  in  Forestry  in 
its  relation  to  Agriculture. 

In  pursuance  of  this  plan  a  curriculum  was  drawn  up,  providing 
for  a  three  years'  course  in  Forestry,  and  leading  to  a  diploma  in 
the  subject.  The  statute  including  this  curriculum  was  unanim- 
ously adopted  by  the  Senate,  as  was  also  a  second  statute  provid- 
ing for  the  additional  instruction  required  by  the  curriculum; 
and  these  statutes  await  only  the  sanction  of  the  Lieutenant- 
Governor-in-Council  to  become  operative. 

At  this  stage  the  question  becomes  complicated  by  a  claim  put 
forward  by  Queen's  University  for  state  aid  in  establishing  a 
School  of  Forestry  in  connection  with  that  institution  at  Kings- 
ton, and  forming  a  part  of  the  School  of  Mining  already  existent 
there.  For  the  Government  and  Legislature  to  accede  to  the 
demand  of  Queen's  in  this  respect  means  one  of  two  things,  (1) 
either  the  establishment  of  one  School  at  Kingston,  to  the  exclu- 
sion of  the  Provincial  University  and  the  Agricultural  College, 
or  (2)  the  establishment  of  two  Schools,  one  at  Kingston,  and  the 
other  at  Toronto — one  without,  and  one  within,  the  Provincial 
educational  system. 

As  to  the  first  alternative,  let  me  say  at  once  that  it  is  an  im- 
possible solution.  The  proposition  that  the  State  should  go  out- 
side the  Provincial  system  in  providing  for  the  teaching  of  a  sub- 
ject so  closely  related  to  the  development  of  the  Province,  must 
surely  meet  with  determined  opposition  from  the  Senate  of  the 
University,  the  Alumni  and  the  general  public.  I  cannot  con- 
ceive that  any  Government  and  Legislature,  with  a  full  know- 
ledge of  the  matter,  will  listen  to  such  a  proposal,  and  hence  we 
may  dismiss  this  alternative  without  further  remark. 

The  history  of  the  past  teaches  us  that  it  is  rather  the  second 
alternative  that  is  to  be  feared,  and,  unless  the  Legislature  and 
the  public  are  properly  instructed  in  the  matter,  we  may  have  a 
repetition  of  the  unfortunate  results  which  have  arisen  through 
the  duplication  of  institutions  for  the  teaching  of  Mining  Engi- 
neering. To  make  the  situation  plain  it  will  be  necessary  to  enter 
into  some  detail  with  regard  to  this  phase  of  the  question. 

In  the  year  1878  the  School  of  Practical  Science  was  organized, 
in  connection  with  the  Provincial  University,  for  the  teach- 
ing of  Engineering  in  all  its  branches,  including  Mining  Engineer- 
ing. This  School  was  established  by  a  special  Act  of  the  Provin- 
cial Legislature,  and  its  finances  have  been  from  the  first  directly 


FORESTRY  AND  THE  UNIVERSITY  QUESTION.    179 

under  the  management  and  control  of  the  Government,  the  funds 
required  being  provided  for  by  annual  legislative  grant,  and  the 
fees  collected  from  students  being  payable  to  the  Provincial 
Treasurer. 

Some  twelve  years  after  the  above  date,  rumours  having  been 
published  of  the  intention  of  the  Government  to  establish,  at 
Kingston,  another  School  of  Applied  Science,  I  wrote  to  the  then 
Premier,  Sir  Oliver  Mowat,  protesting  against  the  duplication, 
and  pointing  out  the  necessity  for  increasing  the  equipment  and 
staff  of  the  existing  School.  I  further  said,  "  To  attempt  to  found 
and  maintain  two  schools  will  be  disastrous  to  both,  as  neither 
will  be  properly  equipped  to  compete  successfully  with  strong 
rival  institutions."  I  was  promptly  assured  in  reply  by  Sir  Oliver 
that  the  Government  had  no  such  intention  as  had  been  attributed 
in  the  rumour.  Duplication,  as  I  shall  presently  show,  did  take 
place  subsequently,  though  not  through  the  initiation  of  the 
Government. 

In  the  year  1892,  a  School  of  Mining  and  Agriculture  was 
established  by  a  local  board  at  Kingston,  and  received  in  1893  a 
legislative  grant  of  $6,000.  The  following  table  will  show  the 
subventions  received  or  voted  by  the  Legislature  year  by  year—- 
for the  first  four  years  for  Mining  and  Agriculture,  and  afterwards 
for  Mining  alone: 

1893    $     6,000 

1894    12,600 

1895 6,000 

1896 7,000 

1897   5,000 

1898    7,500 

1899 9,000 

1900    19,200 

1901    18,500 

"      Towards  building 22,500 

1902    23,500 

"      Towards  building 22,500 


Total    $159,300 

Additional  sum  voted  for  building,  to  be  paid  in  next  three 
years: 

(1903-'04-'05)   $  67,500 


Total  already  voted $226,800 

These  sums  are  so  considerable  as  to  excite  surprise,  seeing  that 
they  have  latterly  exceeded  the  net  annual  cost  (last  year,  $17,480) 
of  the  Provincial  School  of  Practical  Science  at  Toronto. 


180  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY. 

That  a  considerable  proportion  of  the  above  grants  has  been 
expended  in  the  support  of  what  was  part  of  the  Arts  Faculty  of 
Queen's  University  prior  to  the  establishment  of  the  Mining 
School  is  clear. 

Shortly  after  the  establishment  of  the  Mining  School,  a  process 
of  adjustment  as  between  the  Arts  Faculty  of  Queen's  University 
and  the  Faculty  of  the  Mining  School  was  begun:— 

(1)  Chemistry,  Mineralogy    and  Geology  were  transferred  to 
the  Mining  School. 

(2)  In  1894  a  University  Faculty  of  "Practical  Science"  (in- 
cluding certain  applied  sciences)  was  created.     In  this  Faculty 
the  professors  of  Mathematics  and  Physics  had  a  place,  as  well 
as  in  the  Arts  Faculty. 

(3)  After  various  transformations,  "the  School  of  Mining  has 
become  the  Faculty  of  Practical  Science  of  the  University,"  as  is 
stated  in  the  Queen's  Calendar  for  1902-3. 

(4)  As  a  result  of  these  changes  the  professors  of  Chemistry, 
Mineralogy,  Geology,  Physics,  and  Mathematics  are  now  on  the 
Faculty  of  the  Mining  School. 

.  Information  as  to  the  details  of  expenditure  of  the  School  are 
not  obtainable  in  the  Public  Accounts,  but,  judging  from  the 
magnitude  of  the  later  grants,  I  am  safe  in  saying  that  Queen's 
University  has  been  wholly  or  largely  relieved  from  the  burden 
of  maintaining  the  departments  of  Chemistry,  Mineralogy, 
Geology,  Physics  and  Mathematics. 

How  has  the  Provincial  School  of  Practical  Science  fared  in 
the  meantime?  Undoubtedly  its  due  development  has  been  ar- 
rested. In  proof  of  this  assertion,  which  will  hardly  be  disputed, 
let  me  refer  to  one  or  two  facts  and  opinions  on  the  subject:— 

(1)  So  inadequate  had  the  accommodation    become    that   the 
students  en  masse,  supported  by  the  Board  of  Trade,  the  Manu- 
facturers' Association  and  the  Association  of  Architects,  waited 
on  the  Premier  two  years  ago  and  complained  of  the  very  obvious 
deficiencies  of  the  School.     The  necessities  of  the  case  were  at 
once  admitted  by  the  Premier,  and  steps  are  now  being  taken  to 
provide  the  building  accommodation  required.     So  much  as  to 
buildings. 

(2)  As  to  the  teaching  force,  having  regard  to  the  work  done 
and  the  scale  of  payment,  I  quote  the  following  from  a  memor- 
andum received  from  the  late  Principal  Grant  about  the  same 
time,  in  which  he  refers  to  the  necessities  of  the  Provincial  School 
of  Practical  Science  at  Toronto.     "  That  the  staff  is  too  small  is 
evident  when  it  is  recalled  that  in  many  Practical  Science  Schools 
on  this  continent  there  are  as  many  instructors  in  single  depart- 
ments as  are  provided  for  all  the  departments  of  the  School  of 


FORESTRY  AND  THE  UNIVERSITY  QUESTION.   181 

Practical  Science.  In  the  Sheffield  Scientific  School,  for  example, 
there  are  17  instructors  in  Chemistry.  The  salaries,  too,  are 
inadequate.  It  is  not  reasonable  to  ask  men  to  devote  their  lives 
to  such  exhausting  labour  as  is  required  from  the  staff  of  a  scien- 
tific school,  and  to  pay  them  salaries  ranging  from  the  wages  of 
an  ordinary  mechanic  to  those  of  a  good  schoolmaster." 

(3)  An  examination  of  the  financial  statement  of  the  School 
appears  to  justify  the  above  criticism.  The  total  expenditure  for 
salaries  and  maintenance  (exclusive  of  expenditure  on  capital 
account)  for  the  year  1901-'02  amounted  to  $37,539.88.  The 
net  cost  to  the  Province,  however,  was  but  $17,480.38,  inasmuch 
as  the  fees  received  from  the  students  of  the  School  amounted 
to  $20,059.50. 

Again,  in  view  of  the  financial  relief  afforded  to  Queen's  Uni- 
versity by  the  legislative  grants  to  the  Mining  School,  it  will  be 
in  order  to  inquire  how  the  Arts  Faculty  of  the  Provincial  Uni- 
versity fared  during  the  nine  years  referred  to  above?  This  was 
a  period  of  special  stringency  in  the  University  finances.  Not- 
withstanding frequent  applications,  from  1894  on,  nothing  was 
received  from  the  Legislature  during  the  premiership  of  Sir 
Oliver  Mowat.  In  1898,  $7,000  annually  and  certain  wild 
lands  were  granted  in  satisfaction  of  legal  claims  of  long  standing. 
In  1901,  the  Legislature,  under  the  leadership  of  the  present 
Premier,  assumed  the  maintenance  of  the  departments  of  Phy- 
sics, Chemistry,  Mineralogy  and  Geology.  Finally,  the  Govern- 
ment has  assumed  the  payment  of  existing  deficits.  For  these 
acts  of  liberality  the  Alumni  Association  has  fittingly  expressed 
its  thanks  to  the  Government  and  Legislature.  Notwithstanding 
this  timely  relief  from  financial  embarrassment,  it  should  not  be 
forgotten  that  much  is  still  needed,  not  only  in  buildings,  but  also 
in  equipment  and  staff,  to  enable  the  University  to  keep  pace 
with  modern  requirements. 

I  have,  shown  above  that  duplication,  at  the  expense  of  £he 
State,  has  taken  place  at  Kingston,  not  only  in  applied  Science, 
but  also  indirectly  in  Arts,  for  a  considerable  period  of  years.  I 
have  shown,  moreover,  that  the  University  of  Toronto,  both  in 
Applied  Science  and  in  Arts,  was  hampered  in  its  work  during  a 
corresponding  period.  In  view  of  the  limited  resources  of  the 
Province,  this  consequence  was  bound  to  follow,  and  will  continue 
to  follow  as  long  as  this  policy  is  pursued. 

Considering  the  enormous  expense  attending  the  proper  main- 
tenance either  of  a  Faculty  of  Applied  Science  or  of  Arts  in  a 
great  University,  it  is  utterly  absurd  to  speak  of  the  State  main- 
taining more  than  one  University  in  this  Province.  We  have 
not  even  begun  to  maintain  one  adequately,  and  how  far  we  are 


182  UNIVERSITY  OF  TOEONTO  MONTHLY 

behind  in  this  respect  must  be  evident  to  anyone  who  will  take 
the  trouble  to  compare  our  Provincial  University  as  to  its  finances, 
with  state  universities  like  those  of  Michigan,  Wisconsin  or  Cali- 
fornia; and  even  the  wealthiest  of  these  states  does  not  dream  of 
duplicating  university  teaching.  To  appreciate  the  expenditure 
involved  in  properly  maintaining  a  Faculty  of  Applied  Science, 
one  has  only  to  make  a  similar  comparsion  with  regard  to  the 
Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology  and  other  such  institutions; 
and  these  are  the  institutions  which  Ontario  should  strive  to 
emulate. 

Besides  the  direct  effect  of  this  duplication  in  hampering  the 
Provincial  University,  other  consequences  still  more  serious  are 
involved : — 

(1)  Duplication  will,  if  the  policy  is  persisted  in,  inevitably 
be  followed  by  multiplication.     In  discussing  this  question,  the 
danger  of  multiplication  has  been  made  light  of.    ISTow  what  is  the 
fact?     Encouraged  by  the  treatment  accorded  to  Queen's  Uni- 
versity, at  least  two  applications  for  state  aid  have  already  been 
made,  one  on  behalf  of  a  denominational  college,  the  other  on 
behalf  of  a  non-denominational  university.     Other  demands  will 
follow,  and  cannot  logically  be  resisted.  History  will  repeat  itself, 
and  what  we  shall  eventually  come  to  in  this  Province  may  be 
inferred  from  what  existed  here  prior  to  1868,  the  year  in  which 
tho  annual  grants  were  abolished  by  a  practically  unanimous  vote 
of  the  Legislature.     The  following  table  shows  the  final  grants, 
which  were  for  eighteen  months: — 

Eegiopolis   College,  Kingston    $  4,500 

Queen's  College,  Kingston    7,500 

Bytown  College,  Ottawa 2,100 

St.  Michael's  College,  Toronto  3,000 

Trinity  College,   Toronto    6,000 

Victoria  College,   Cobourg 7,500 

L'Assomption  College,  Sandwich    1,500 

Total    $32,100 

What  the  total  will  be  when  all  applicants  are  treated  on  the 
liberal  scale  already  applied  to  Queen's  University,  I  leave  my 
readers  to  estimate;  as  also  the  prospect  which  the  Provincial 
University  and  the  School  of  Practical  Science  will  have  of  secur- 
ing Legislative  aid  for  future  expansion  and  development. 

(2)  Encouraged  by  the  treatment  accorded  to  it,  Queen's  JJni- 
versity  has  changed  its  attitude.     It  is  taking  steps  to  divest  itself 
wholly  of  its  denominational  character,  and  now  desires  to  enter 


FORESTRY  AND  THE  UNIVERSITY  QUESTION.     183. 

into  partnership  with  the  State,  in  so  far  at  least  as  permanent 
financial  co-operation  is  concerned.  It  desires,^ in  short,  to  be- 
come a  second  Provincial  University. 

(3)  If  we  are  to  believe  the  statements  recently  made  by  the 
friends  of  Queen's  University,  it  desires  to  go  even  further  than 
this  as  regards  the  subject  of  Forestry,  and  to  secure  the  estab- 
lishment of  a  School  of  Forestry  at  Queen's,  to  the  exclusion  of 
the  Provincial  University.  In  other  words,  it  is  proposed  to 
deprive  students  in  the  Provincial  system,  including  those  of  the 
Ontario  Agricultural  College,  of  the  benefits  of  such  an  institu- 
tion. If  persistence  in  this  claim  should  eventually  lead  to  dupli- 
cate schools,  I  need  scarcely  point  out  the  disastrous  consequences. 
Public  money  would  be  frittered  away  on  two  weak  schools,  and 
the  hope  of  ultimately  building  up  a  great  provincial  School  of 
Forestry  would  be  gone  forever. 

I  have  said  enough,  I  think,  to  show  that  the  whole  situation  is 
a  serious  one,  and  fraught  with  danger  to  the  Provincial  system: 
of  secular  education.  That  I  am  not  alone  in  this  belief,  which  I 
have  entertained  for  years,  is  becoming  more  and  more  evident. 
Let  me  here  quote  from  the  letter  of  Dr.  Carman,  apropos  of  this 
question:  "There  is  now  a  vigorous  and  persistent  effort  to  renew 
the  old  battle  of  sectional  and  sectarian  universities  supported 
from  public  funds,  which  we  might  well  have  hoped,  had  long 
ago  been  fought  out  and  the  issue  settled.  ...  If  the  Gov- 
ernment is  about  to  return  to  the  policy  of  aiding  denomination- 
alism  and  sectionalism  in  university  education,  all  should  be  in- 
formed, that  we  may  bring  our  arrangements,  as  far  as  we  can, 
into  harmony  with  that  policy."  Referring  to  the  abolition  of  the 
grants  under  the  Sandfield  Macdonald  Government,  in  1868,  he 
says:  "To  reverse  this  line  of  action  now  would  surely  be  in- 
convenient, if  not  disastrous."  In  conclusion,  he  says:  "We 
have  in  this  country  a  noble  and  well-graded  school  system  sus- 
tained by  public  funds,  and  there  certaimly  should  be  no  diversion 
of  these  educational  resources  from  this  national  system  till  it  at 
least  is  well  equipped  and  thoroughly  efficient." 

Similar  views  have  been  enunciated  by  leading  newspapers  and 
publicists,  while  the  General  Conference  of  the  Methodist  Church 
in  1902  placed  itself  on  record  regarding  the  question  in  the  fol- 
lowing resolution:  "Resolved,  That  this  Conference  protests  against 
the  giving  of  aid  by  the  Ontario  Government  to  universities  that 
are  denominational  and  not  strictly  provincial,  and  not  controlled 
by  the  Government  and  responsible  to  the  Government  for  their 
expenditures." 


.184  UNIVERSITY  OF  TOHONTO  MONTHLY. 

This  is  undoubtedly  the  sound  position  to  take,  and  it  is  a  posi- 
tion in  keeping  with  the  conclusions  unanimously  arrived  at  by 
all  parties  in  1868,  when  it  was  thought  that  the  question  of 
duplication  and  multiplication  of  colleges  was  finally  setted.  One 
of  the  greatest  champions  of  the  Provincial  University,  the  Hon. 
George  Brown,  upon  that  occasion,  after  expressing  great  satis- 
faction at  the  settlement  referred  to,  pointed  out  the  fallacious 
nature  of  such  claims.  He  said:  "  It  is  claimed  that  aiding  these 
institutions  is  a  cheap  way  of  promoting  superior  education;  but 
-depend  upon  it,  this  claim  to  economy  is  fallacious.  One  body  comes 
saying,  'Look  how  numerous  we  are,  what  a  capital  college  we 
maintain,  there  is  no  sectarianism  about  its  teaching,  give  us  pub- 
lic money  for  it.'  But,  if  one  sect  gets  public  money,  all  the  rest 
must  have  it  too;  and  if  all  the  rest  will  have  it,  where  will  this 
end!" 

I  may  say,  in  conclusion,  that  the  immediate  occasion  of  the 
writing  of  this  article  was  my  desire  to  inform  the  Alumni  re- 
garding the  question  of  the  proposed  University  School  of  For- 
estry. The  discussion  of  this  I  have  found  impossible  without 
reference  to  the  wider  question  with 'which  it  is  inseparably  con- 
nected. It  is  my  earnest  hope  that  the  information  and  argu- 
ments which  I  have  here  presented  may  assist  the  Alumni  and 
the  Legislature  in  arriving  at  a  conclusion  which  will  be  in  the 
public  interest. 


THE  ABEL  CENTENARY. 

BY  J.   C.  FIELDS,  B.A.,  PH.D. 

Special   Lecturer  in   Mathematics,   University  of  Toronto. 

IN  the  early  part  of  September,  1902,  a  unique  celebration  was 
held  at  Christiania,  the  occasion  being  the  hundredth  anni- 
versary of  the  birth  of  Abel,  the  great  Norwegian  mathematician. 
The  celebration  was  unique  in  that  it  was  intended  to  glorify  the 
memory  of  a  purely  abstract  thinker,  and  that  though  held  under 
academic  auspices  the  interest  in  the  affair  was  by  no  means  con- 
fined to  academic  circles.  That  the  people,  too,  had  their  share  of 
interest  in  the  honours  done  the  memory  of  their  countryman  was 
evidenced  by  the  space  devoted  by  the  daily  papers  to  the  life  and 
work  of  Abel  and  to  the  several  events  of  the  celebration  intended 
to  commemorate  his  achievements.  It  might  be  said,  indeed,  tliat 
the  celebration  had  something  of  a  national  character  about  it. 
His  Majesty  King  Oscar  was  present  at  most  of  the  functions, 


THE  ABEL  CENTENARY.  185 

and  at  the  first  official  event  on  the  programme  the  government 
through  one  of  its  ministers  extended  a  cordial  welcome  to  the 
foreign  visitors.  These  were  for  the  most  part  entertained  as  the 
guests  of  private  citizens  during  their  stay  in  Christiania.  The 
city,  too,  as  a  municipal  unit  manifested  its  interest  in  the  occa- 
sion by  tendering  the  delegates  a  magnificent  banquet.  All  this 
was  intended  to  do  honour  to  the  memory  of  a  young  man.  who 
had  lived  in  poverty  and  had  died  without  receiving  the  reward  of 
his.  labours. 

Neils  Henrik  Abel,  the  son  of  a  poor  Norwegian,  pastor,  was 
born  August  5th,  1802.  His  earlier  education  was  received 
directly  at  the  hands  of  his  father  and  it  was  not  until  his  thir- 
teenth year  that  he  was  sent  to  a  lycee  in  Christiania.  This  was 
a  school  much  in  favour  with  the  sons  of  poor  functionaries  on 
account  of  the  scholarships  and  other  aids  for  poor  students  with 
which  it  was  provided.  During  the  first  three  years  of  his  stay  at 
this  school  Abel  does  not  appear  to  have  distinguished  himself 
greatly — and  small  wonder.  Nearly  all  the  teachers  were  incap- 
able, and  the  majority  of  them  were  even  drunkards.  Methods 
of  discipline  in  the  school,  too,  would  appear  to  have  been  rather 
rude,  for  the  mathematical  master  had  to  be  dismissed  on  account 
of  the  death  of  a  pupil  whom  he  had  too  severely  punished.  Abel 
benefited  by  the  consequent  change  of  masters,  the  new  mathe- 
matical master  proving  to  be  an  exceptionally  capable  man.  It 
was  not  long  before  he  discovered  the  extraordinary  mathemati- 
cal talents  of  his  pupil,  and  he  proceeded  forthwith  to  encourage 
and  aid  him  in  the  development  of  them.  He  prophesied  that  the 
young  Abel  would  become  one  of  the  greatest  mathematicians  in 
the  world.  In  addition  to  the  regular  work  of  the  clasb-room  he 
gave  him  private  lessons  and  read  a  number  of  the  mathematical 
classics  with  him.  Abel  soon  found  himself  in  a  position  to  work 
independently  and  read  much  further  by  himself.  He  was  pre- 
paring for  the  University  and  passed  his  entrance  examination 
in  1821.  His  father  had  died  the  year  before,  leaving  his  family 
in  very  straitened  circumstances.  The  University,  however,  made 
some  provision  for  poor  students  and  Abel  profited  from  this. 
His  brother  was  studying  at  the  university  at  the  same  time  and 
so  poor  were  the  two  brothers  that  for  their  covering  at  night  they 
are  said  to  have  had  only  one  blanket,  between  them,  and  when 
that  was  in  the  wash  they  had  to  do  without.  To  supplement  the 
;iid  furnished  Abel  by  the  university,  a  number  of  the  professors 
clubbed  together  and  contributed  of  their  means  in  order  that  a 
11 1:111  of  such  promise  should  not  be  lost  to  science.  One  of  his 
professors  even  furnished  him  with  the  funds  to  make  a  trip  to 


186  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

Copenhagen  during  one  of  the  vacations  in  order  that  he  might 
become  acquainted  with  a  couple  of  celebrated  mathematical  pro- 
fessors at  the  university  there  situated,  and  profit  by  his  inter- 
course with  them. 

As  a  student  at  the  University  of  Christiania,  Abel  published 
several  memoirs.  The  first  of  these,  however,  which  showed  real 
greatness  appeared  in  the  year  1824.  In  it  he  proved  the  im- 
possibility of  solving  the  general  equation  of  the  fifth  degree  by 
the  aid  of  radicals.  This  was  a  problem  on  the  attempted  solution 
of  which  he  had  already  tried  his  mettle  as  a  boy  before  entering 
the  university.  In  1825,  the  year  following  the  appearance  of 
the  memoir  in  question,  he  was  granted  a  travelling  scholarship 
by  the  government  in  order  that  he  might  study  abroad  and  per- 
fect himself  in  his  science.  He  first  visited  Berlin,  where  he  made 
the  acquaintance  of  the  mathematician  Crelle.  The  older  mathe- 
matician was  drawn  to  the  brilliant  young  Norwegian  and  his 
kindly  feelings  were  reciprocated  by  the  latter.  Crelle  had  been 
debating  with  himself  a  project  for  establishing  a  mathematical 
journal  in  Berlin,  and  was  brought  to  a  sudden  decision  in  the 
matter  by  his  discovery  of  Abel's  genius.  Abel  promised  to  con- 
tribute to  the  new  journal,  and  his  activity  in  its  behalf  is  wit- 
nessed by  a  score  of  memoirs  which  are  scattered  through  the 
pages  of  its  first  four  volumes.  Crelle  had  offered  to  pay  him  for 
.his  contributions,  but  he  refused  to  accept  anything.  His  stay  in 
Berlin  lasted  five  months  and  was  the  happiest  period  of  his  life. 

After  a  tour  of  some  duration  in  the  south  with  fellow  students, 
we  find  him  located  in  Paris  in  the  summer  of  1826.  Here  his 
environment  was  not  as  congenial  as  it  had  been  in  the  Prussian 
capital,  nor  did  he  find  the  mathematicians  of  Paris  as  accessible 
as  those  of  Berlin. 

His  fame  was  already  spreading  in  Germany,  but  his  name  was 
as  yet  unknown  in  France.  He  worked  indefatigably  as  usual, 
and  the  product  of  his  labours  was  a  series  of  memoirs,  including 
one  which  perhaps  is  the  greatest  of  all  those  which  he  wrote.  It 
contained  a  famous  theorem,  now  known  as  Abel's  Theorem,  and  was 
intended  for  presentation  before  the  Academic  des  Sciences.  Two 
celebrated  mathematicians,  Cauchy  and  Legendre,  were  charged 
by  the  Academy  to  report  on  the  memoir.  Through  some  un- 
accountable negligence  or  oversight,  however,  it  was  mislaid  and 
did  not  see  the  light  again  until  twelve  years  after  the  death  of 
its  author.  Abel  waited  in  vain  to  hear  the  judgment  of  the 
Academy  on  his  memoir  and  finally  left  Paris.  Before  returning 
to  Norway,  he  passed  several  months  more  in  Berlin,  where  Crelle 
wished  to  retain  him  permanently.  In  view  of  the  aid  which  he 


THE  ABEL  CENTENARY.  187 

had  received  from  the  Norwegian  government,  however,  he  felt 
that  he  was  in  duty  bound  to  return  to  his  native  country.  He 
arrived  in  Christiania  in  May,  1827.  He  was  without  funds  and 
no  provision  ha,d  been  made  against  his  return,  so  that  for  several 
months  he  was  not  in  a  position  to  supply  himself  with  the  ordi- 
nary necessaries  of  life.  The  University  then  came  to  his  aid 
with  a  small  subvention,  which  had  to  be  repaid  later  on  from  the 
meagre  salary  attached  to  an  appointment  which  he  received  in 
March,  1828. 

The  productive  activity  of  Abel  does  not  seem  to  have  been 
disturbed  by  his  misery  and  pecuniary  difficulties,  and,  except  for 
occasional  short  interruptions  due  to  illness,  continued  unabated 
up  till  the  end  of  the  year  1828.  His  health,  however,  was 
broken.  During  the  Christmas  vacation  he  was  attacked  by  a 
more  serious  illness  accompanied  by  hemorrhages  from  the  lungs. 
For  a  moment  he  seemed  to  regain  strength,  but  had  a  relapse 
and  went  into  a  galloping  consumption  from  which  he  died  April 
6th,  1829,  at  the  age  of  26  years  and  8  months.  A  few  days  later 
a  letter  arrived  announcing  that  he  was  about  to  be 
called  to  a  chair  in  the  University  of  Berlin.  The 
letter  was  from  his  friend  Crelle,  who  was  aware  that  Abel 
was  ill,  but  did  not  realize  how  seriously.  It  is  with  a  conscious- 
ness of  the  bitter  irony  of  fate  that  one  reads  the  kindly  words 
intended  for  the  living,  but  which  found  a  corpse:  "Be  happy 
and  reassure  yourself,"  writes  Crelle,  "  you  are  coming  to  a  good 
country,  where  the  climate  is  better,  where  you  will  be  in  closer 
contact  with  science,  and  where  you  are  awaited  by  sincere  friends 
who  appreciate  and  love  you." 

During  his  illness  Abel  rewrote  the  proof  of  the  famous  theorem 
already  referred  to  as  buried  with  the  Paris  memoir,  and  which 
he  feared  might  be  lost  to  posterity.  It  is  dated  January  6th, 
1829,  and  is  the  last  thing  we  have  from  his  hand.  It  is  to  be 
found  in  the  fourth  volume  of  Crelle's  Journal,  where  it  just  fills 
two  printed  pages.  Short  as  it  is,  however,  it  is  the  bridge  over 
which  later  mathematicians  have  been  able  to  enter  a  new  and 
vast  domain  which  has  already  yielded  much  and  which  is  not  as 
yet  completely  explored. 

The  period  of  Abel's  creative  activity  may  be  said  to  have 
covered  about  five  years,  yet  during  that  short  period  he  produced 
sufficient  to  place  his  name  among  the  names  of  the  greatest 
mathematicians  of  all  time.  His  most  important  discoveries  were 
made  in  connection  with  the  theories  of  the  algebraic  equations,  of 
the  elliptic  functions,  and  of  the  Abelian  integrals,  abstract  theories 
whose  terms  can  have  little  significance  for  the  non-mathematical 
reader.  Personally  our  hero  was  simple  and  childlike.  He 


188  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

was  of  a  retiring  disposition  and  is  said  to  have  been  even  timid 
in  company.  He  is  also  said  to  have  been  melancholy  and  gay 
turn  about,  was  amiable  and  attracted  many  friends  to  himself. 

It  was,  indeed,  at  the  house  of  friends  in  the  country  that  he 
was  taken  ill  and  died.  He  had  been  paying  them  a  visit  during 
the  Christmas  vacation,  and  it  was  they  who  nursed  him  through 
his  three  months'  illness.  From  their  home  his  body  was  borne 
through  a  raging  snowstorm  to  the  little  country  graveyard  hard 
by  and  kid  to  rest  between  the  sea  and  his  native  mountains.  The 
simple  monument  which  stands  at  the  head  of  his  grave  was  also 
placed  there  by  a  group  of  his  personal  friends,  who  claimed  it  as 
a  privilege  due  to  their  intimacy  with  him  to  be  permitted  to  thus 
honour  him.  For  his  portrait,  too,  which  has  come  down  to  us,  we 
are  indebted  to  one  of  his  friends.  It  is  from  the  brush  of  the 
Norwegian  painter,  Gorbitz,  with  whom  Abel  had  become  ac- 
quainted in  Paris,  and  who  was  his  best  friend  there. 

It  is  this  young  man  who  in  [Norway  is  regarded  as  the  greatest 
of  her  sons  and  the  centenary  of  his  birth  was  made  the  occasion 
of  a  demonstration  which  was  unique  in  its  kind  and  which  could 
hardly  fail  to  impress  most  profoundly  all  those  who  were  present. 

The  University  of  Christiania  and  the  Academy  of  Sciences 
had  extended  invitations  to  universities  and  learned  societies 
throughout  the  world  to  join  them  in  doing  honour  to  the  memory 
of  their  countryman,  and  many  of  these  institutions  responded  by 
sending  delegates  to  represent  them  at  the  festivities.  As  has 
already  been  said,  the  majority  of  the  delegates  were  entertained 
as  the  guests  of  private  citizens.  On  their  arrival  in  Christiania 
they  were  welcomed  at  the  railway  station  by  their  hosts,  who  in 
general  addressed  them  in  their  own  language.  Each  delegate 
was  presented  with  two  large  volumes.  The  one  of  these  was 
in  the  language  of  the  recipient  and  contained  a  description  of 
Norway  and  its  resources,  with  some  account  of  the  people,  their 
occupations,  institutions,  arts  and  literature.  The  other,  intended 
more  particularly  as  a  souvenir  of  the  occasion,  was  in  French,  and 
bore  the  title  "Niels  Henrik  Abel,  Memorial  publie  a  1'occasion 
du  centenaire  de  sa  naissance."  It  is  prefaced  by  a  portrait  of 
Abel  with  a  poem  in  his  honour  by  Bjornson,  and  contains  his 
biography  by  Elling  Hoist,  his  correspondence  and  numerous 
documents  and  letters  bearing  on  his  life  and  work,  together  with 
a  sketch  of  his  discoveries  by  Sylow. 

The  festivities  began  on  the  evening  of  September  4th  at  St. 
Hanshaugen  Park,  with  an  informal  reception  and  supper  ten- 
dered to  the  delegates  by  the  professors  of  the  University  and  the 
members  of  the  Academy  of  Sciences.  Nansen,  the  chairman  of 


THE  ABEL  CENTENARY.  189- 

the  reception  committee,  made  an  address  of  welcome  to  the  visi- 
tors in  English  and  Picard  responded  in  French. 

On  the  following  morning  the  official  reception  to  the  delegates 
took  place,  his  majesty  King  Oscar  being  present,  and  addresses 
of  welcome  being  delivered  by  the  minister  of  state  and  the  rector 
of  the  University.  Responses  were  made  by  Professor  Weber  of 
Strassburg  and  Professor  Volterra  of  Rome,  the  former  speaking 
in  German  and  the  latter  in  French.  Professor  Sylow  of  the 
University  of  Christiania  then  followed  with  a  review  of  the  life 
work  of  Abel  in  Norwegian,  a  translation  of  his  speech  into- 
French  being  furnished  to  each  of  the  delegates.  A  feature  of 
the  occasion  was  the  singing  by  a  large  choir  of  a  beautiful  cantata 
composed  for  the  occasion.  The  words  were  those  of  the  poem 
by  Bjornson  already  referred  to,  glorifying  the  genius  of  Abel,, 
and  were  set  to  music  by  Binding.  In  the  evening  the  delegates 
had  supper  at  the  royal  palace,  the  King  extending  the  welcome 
to  his  guests  in  a  short  speech  delivered  in  French. 

On  the  morning  of  September  6th  the  delegates  were  addressed 
bv  the  President  of  the  Academy  of  Sciences  of  Christiania  and 
responses  on  behalf  of  the  delegates  were  made  by  Forsyth  of - 
Cambridge,  Grave  of  Kiev,  Picard  of  Paris,  Schwarz  and  Hensel 
of  Berlin,  Zeuthen  of  Copenhagen  and  Mittag-Leffler  of  Stock- 
holm. Then  followed  the  ceremonial  handing  over  of  the  in- 
scribed addresses  on  the  part  of  the  delegates,  who  filed  before  the 
platform  one  at  a  time,  presenting  in  turn  to  the  rector  of  the  Uni- 
versity the  congratulatory  addresses  with  which  they  had  been 
furnished  by  the  institutions  which  they  represented.  After  this 
ceremony  the  rector  addressed  the  assembly  and  in  the  name  of 
the  University  bestowed  the  honorary  degree  of  Doctor  Mathe- 
maticae  on  some  twenty-nine  distinguished  scientists  in  different 
parts  of  the  world.  The  charter  of  che  University  does  not  permit 
it  to  confer  honorary  degrees,  but  for  this  special  occasion  an 
exception  was  made,  and  it  was  authorized  by  the  Storthing  to 
confer  the  honorary  degree  in  question.  Ten.  of  those  on  whom 
the  degree  was  bestowed  were  present  at  the  celebration.  Of 
those  who  received  the  degree  two  only  were  Americans.  These 
were  Simon  Newcomb,  the  well-known  astronomer  of  Washing- 
ton, and  J.  Willard  Gibbs,  the  eminent  physicist  of  Yale.  On 
behalf  of  the  recipients  of  the  degree  Professor  Newcomb  in  a 
short  speech  thanked  the  University  for  the  honour  conferred 
upon  them. 

On  the  evening  of  the  same  day  a  banquet  was  tendered  to  the 
delegates  by  the  city  of  Christiania.  Toasts  were  drunk  to  the 
King  and  the  different  nationalities,  and  later  on  the  guests  left 


190  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY. 

their  places  at  the  tables,  moving  freely  about  the  room,  convers- 
ing with  one  another  and  drinking  to  each  other's  health  in  the 
-Norwegian  fashion.  In  the  meantime  the  students  of  the  uni- 
versity had  organized  a  torchlight  demonstration  under  the  win- 
dows of  the  banqueting-hall.  A  deputation  from  their  number 
was  admitted  and  through  their  spokesman  greeted  the  delegates 
in  French.  Professor  Newcomb  responded  to  the  deputation  in 
English  and  others  of  the  delegates  addressed  the  students  out- 
side from  the  open  windows. 

On  September  7th  in  the  earlier  part  of  the  day  the  delegates 
with  their  hosts  made  various  excursions  in  the  environs  of  Chris- 
tiania,  and  in  the  evening  the  festivities  closed  with  a  special 
representation  of  Ibsen's  play,  Peer  Gynt,  at  the  national  theatre. 
At  the  end  of  the  last  act  the  curtain  was  raised  again  disclosing 
the  bust  of  Abel,  flanked  on  either  side  by  a  row  of  maidens 
clothed  in  flowing  robes  and  holding  palm-branches  in  their  hands 
— a  sort  of  apotheosis  of  the  hero  of  the  celebration. 

All  this  manifestation  no  doubt  availed  little  to  him  who  was 
the  object  of  it.  It  is  very  significant,  however,  as  indicating  the 
spirit  which  animates  the  Norwegian  people.  They  are  not  a 
numerous  people  and  yet  are  conscious  of  a  strong  national  senti- 
ment. They  are  not  in  a  position  to  gratify  their  national  pride 
by  piling  up  armaments  and  aggrandizing  themselves  at  the  ex- 
pense of  their  neighbours,  and  their  patriotism  has  taken  the  more 
healthy  direction  of  priding  itself  on  the  great  men  which  their 
little  country  has  produced.  This,  too,  they  have  a  good  right 
to  do,  for  the  number  of  great  men  which  Norway  has  produced 
within  the  comparatively  short  period  of  its  national  existence  is 
quite  remarkable.  Abel  was  the  first  of  a  succession  of  eminent 
mathematicians,  and  it  is  not  alone  in  mathematics  that  the  Nor- 
wegians have  distinguished  themselves.  Among  the  members 
of  the  little  group  in  Christiania  whose  names  in  recent  years 
have  added  glory  to  their  country  are  to  be  found  such  men  as 
Bjerknes,  Sylow,  and  Sophus  Lie  in  mathematics,  Bjornson  and 
Ibsen  in  literature,  Grieg  and  Sinding  in  music.  How  is  it  that  a 
poor  country  like  Norway  with  a  population  not  greater  than  that 
of  our  own  province  of  Ontario  should  give  birth  to  so  many 
men  of  a  lofty  intellectual  type  such  as  we  in  Canada  have  not  as 
yet  begun  to  produce?  Possibly  the  explanation  is  to  be  found 
'in  the  fact  that  the  Norwegians  are  idealistic  while  we  Canadians 
are  too  grossly  materialistic. 

In  connection  with  the  centenary  a  special  triple  number  of 
the  "  Acta  Mathematica  "  was  published,  which  was  characterized 
T)y  the  fact  that  all  the  articles  contained  therein  were  related  to 
the  work  begun  by  Abel. 


THE  ABEL  CENTENARY.  191 

On  Wednesday,  September  10th,  following  the  celebration  at 
•Christiania,  the  delegates  were  invited  to  dine  with  Professor  and 
Madame  Mittag-Leftier  at  their  home  in  Djursholni,  a  beautiful 
suburb  of  Stockholm. 

A  partial  list  of  the  learned  societies  and  educational  iijstitu- 
tions  represented  at  the  Centenary  may  prove  of  interest.  Among 
the  former  of  these  may  be  mentioned:  The  National  Academy 
of  Sciences  of  the  United  States,  the  Academy  of  Sciences  of 
France  and  the  Eoyal  Societies  of  England,  Ireland,  Holland, 
Belgium,  Denmark,  Trondhjem,  Stockholm,  Upsala,  St.  Peters- 
burg, Helsingfors,  Berlin,  Leipzig,  Gottingen,  Munich,  Prague, 
Milan,  Bologna,  Padua,  Rome,  Palermo.  Besides  these  numer- 
ous other  academies  and  learned  societies  were  represented,  in- 
cluding the  Mathematical  Societies  of  various  countries.  The 
great  mathematical  journals  had  also  sent  representatives.  Among 
the  educational  institutions  represented,  in  addition  to  the  univer- 
sities, were  many  of  the  great  technical  schools  in  different  parts 
of  Europe,  besides  various  other  schools  of  a  higher  class.  The 
list  of  universities  includes  those  of  London,  Oxford,  Cambridge, 
Durham,  Manchester,  Edinburgh,  Glasgow,  Dublin,  Leyden, 
Ghent,  Liege,  Paris,  Poitiers,  Copenhagen,  Upsala,  Lund,  Hel- 
singfors, St.  Petersburg,  Kief,  Odessa,  Athens,  Palermo,  Rome, 
Turin,  Geneva,  Berne,  Munich,  Strassburg,  Greifswald,  Gb'ttin- 
gen,  Jena,  Leipzig,  Konigsberg,  Kiel,  Berlin,  Columbia,  Johns 
Hopkins,  Cornell,  State  of  New  York,  Wisconsin,  Pennsylvania, 
Adelaide  (Australia),  Toronto. 


THE  ART  IMPULSE. 

BY  ARNOLD  HAULTAIN,  M.A., 

rn  HE  Anglo-Saxon  is  not  an  artistic  race,  at  least  in  this  their 
day.  In  the  Middle  Ages,  whatever  the  cause  or  causes,  this 
could  hardly  be  said  of  them:  their  church  architecture,  their  gor- 
geous pageants,  their  courtly  ceremonial,  seem  evidence  to  the 
contrary.  But  this  was  in  feudal  times,  when  Lord  and  Baron 
toiled  not,  neither  spun.  To-day  the  tenant  and  the  mechanic  have 
multiplied  and  risen,  form  the  bulk  of  the  community  both  in 
numbers  and  in  power,  and  by  increasing  the  stress  of  life  have 
extended  the  necessity  of  toil. 

Art  blossoms  only  under  peculiar  circumstances.  It  is  a  rare 
growth.  In  the  whole  history  of  Europe  there  have  been  but  three 
—perhaps  four — great  national  harvests  of  art:  in  Greece  under 


192  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO    MONTHLY 

Pericles;  in  Italy  under  the  Medici;  in  England  under  Elizabeth; 
and,  if  we  like  to  include  light  or  romantic  literature,  in  Europe 
and  America  generally  at  the  present  day.  In  all  four,  among 
'  the  many  factors  that  may  be  enumerated  as  stimulants,  one  stands 
out  supreme — leisure,  or  what  comes  to  the  same  thing,  patronage. 
The  artistic  faculty,  as  it  is  the  subtlest  and  most  delicate  of  facul- 
ties, requires  for  its  development  absolute  freedom  from  care  or 
haste.  Exceptions  there  may  be,  but  as  a  rule  only  when  these 
conditions  are  possible  does  art  really  bloom.  In  Greece  under 
Pericles  the  drudgery  of  the  world  was  done  by  Helots.  Not  only 
so,  but  the  State  by  the  keirovpyia,  lavishly  patronized  art. 
Hence  the  frieze  of  the  Parthenon,  the  chryselephantine  images  of 
Athene  and  Zeus,  hence  the  choral  tragedies  of  Sophocles  and 
Euripides.  In  Italy,  to  mention  the  Medici  is  to  mention  the 
most  lavish  patronage  of  art  in  history.  And,  added  to  the  per- 
sonal patronage  of  the  great  family,  was  the  patronage  of,  or  on 
behalf  of,  the  Church.  Hence  the  frescoes,  altar-pieces,  and  ceil- 
ings; hence  St.  Mark's;  hence  the  Sistine  Chapel.  In  England 
under  Elizabeth  and  her  successors  it  is  not  quite  so  easy  to  prove 
the  thesis.  But  we  must  remember  that  this  was  the  hey-day  of 
the  Court  Masque ;  that  large  sums  were  spent  by  monarchs,  by 
noblemen,  and  by  great  corporations,  in  dramatic  entertainments. 
Books,  too,  were  dear,  and  not  many  read;  but  the  Play  was  cheap; 
and  the  actors  were  "  His  Majesty's  Servants."  If  we  include  light 
literature  generally  (as,  of  a  certain  sort,  without  prejudice  we 
may),  no  age  has  produced  so  bountiful  a  harvest  as  the  present. 
Of  this  the  cause  is  not  far  to  seek.  Paper  and  printer's  ink  are 
cheap,  too  cheap;  and  the  nationalization  of  education  has  enabled 
the  masses  to  read.  This  seems  an  unromantic  source  for  the 
artistic  impulse ;  it  is  nevertheless  the  true  one ;  for  a  million  read- 
ers means  patronage,  and,  therefore,  freedom  from  care  and 
haste.  "Where  Smollett  and  Fielding  and  Sterne  and  Richardson 
got  their  hundreds  of  readers,  Miss  Marie  Corelli  and  Mr.  Hall 
Caine  get  their  hundreds  of  thousands. 

Art,  then,  from  one  point  of  view  seems  amenable  to  the  laws 
of  supply  and  demand;  In  a  sense  this  is  true.  "Wealthy  patron- 
age will  employ,  perhaps  inspire,  a  Velasquez  or  a  Yandyck.  But 
what  is  it  that,  in  Japan  for  example,  causes  the  art  impulse  to  be 
so  wide-spread  as  that  the  commonest  utensils  of  every-day  use  are 
there  artistically  made?  Is  Japan  an  exception  to  the  rule,  and 
can  an  artistic  taste  permeate  a  whole  nation,  whether  it  be  stimu- 
lated by  wealth  and  leisure  or  not?  "Well,  perhaps  we  must  re- 
member, first,  that  the  East  seems  to  enjoy  perennial  leisure; 
second,  that  in  the  East,  where  a  little  means  will  support  life,  a 


THE  ART  IMPULSE.  193: 

email  fortune  may  mean  much  patronage;  and,  third,  that,  up  to 
the  present,  the  factory  has  not  in  Japan  annihilated  art.  Some 
things  there  still,  fortunately,  are  made  by  hand;  and  so  long  as 
things  are  made  by  hand  some  work  of  art  will  prevail.  The  goat- 
herd in  Theocritus  sings  the  beauties  of  his  carven  bowl — his  bowl 
for  which  he  paid  "  a  goat  and  a  great  white  cream  cheese."*  The 
modern  mechanic  does  not  look  twice  at  his  crockery  tea-cup — and 
would  not  give  sixpence  for  it. 

For  art  to  prevail  two  things  seem  requisite:  leisure  to  enjoy,, 
as  well  as  leisure  to  produce.  The  Helot  probably  never  was — 
and  never  will  be — artistic. 

If,  then,  our  modern  workers  are  not  quite  Helots — and  daily 
they  are  demanding  more  leisure  and  more  pay,  is  it  possible  by 
any  means  to  revive  a  widespread  and  national  artistic  impulse? 
For  architecture,  for  sculpture,  perhaps  for  painting,  no;  not  at 
least  in  the  present  stage  of  civilization;  for  poetry,  for  music, 
for  literary  romance,  perhaps  yes.  The  struggle  for  life  amongst 
highly  "  civilized  "  peoples  is  too  keen,  the  rush  and  hurry  of  oc- 
cupation too  great,  the  race  for  merely  pecuniary  wealth  too 
arduous  and  absorbing,  for  that  leisure,  that  quietude  of  mind, 
necessary  for  the  production  and  for  the  appreciation  of  form  and 
colour.  If  you  hurry  to  a  hideous  factory  or  a  murky  office  and 
live  there  all  day,  what  chance  have  you  to  see  or  to  admire  facades 
or  capitals  or  statuary  ?  But  when  you  come  home  you  can  read, 
you  can  listen  to  music,  you  can  go  to  the  play.  Accordingly  it 
will  be  in  this  direction  that  national  artistic  impulses  will  tend. 
Already  we  see  that  tendency,  not  so  much,  certainly,  in  the  direc- 
tion of  heavy  tragedy;  but  certainly  in  the  direction  of  poetry, 
music,  light  opera,  and  above  all  of  fiction.  If  Greece  gave  us  the 
hey-day  of  sculpture,  Italy  that  of  painting,  Elizabethan  England 
that  of  drama  proper,  modern  Europe  and  America  have  given  us 
the  hey-day  of  the  feuilleton. 

Two  little  material  and  unromantic  facts  intensify  this  trend. 
One,  that  what  the  whole  populace  to-day  can  enjoy  must  be  cap- 
able of  infinite  multiplication.  Printing  makes  this  possible.  The 
other,  that  our  only  leisure  time,  our  evenings,  have  to  be  spent, 
not  in  sun-light,  but  in  artificial  light.  Both  these  facts  put  archi- 
tecture, sculpture,  and  to  a  certain  extent  painting,  out  of  the 
reach  of  the  many. 

Accordingly  the  general  course  of  material  civilization  will 
account  for  the  change  from  the  hey-day  of  sculpture  in  Greece  to 
the  hey-day  of  the  story  to-day.  But  can  we  not  trace  in  this  change 

*Idyll,  i. 


194  UNIVERSITY   OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY. 

also  something  of  the  change  that  has  come  over  the  thoughts  and 
sentiments  of  humanity:  the  change  from  the  innocent  wondering 
childhood  of  the  world,  when  great  Nature  and  her  fateful  ways  ab- 
sorbed the  contemplation  of  man — the  days  of  the  Homeric  epic, 
the  Aeschylean  tragedy,  the  Pheidian  statue;  down  through  that 
maturer,  more  sophisticated  vision  which,  through  the  eyes  of 
Raphael  and  Michael  Angelo,  saw  subtler  aspects  of  Nature  and 
of  Man,  and  depicted  more  complex  relationships  between  the 
divine  and  the  human ;  down  further  still,  to  the  time  when  grown 
Man  proved  more  interesting  than  Nature,  and  great  Shakespeare 
portrayed  the  great  passions  of  man — love  and  hate,  jealousy  and 
ambition,  and  the  offspring  of  these — murder  and  bloody  war; 
down  still  further,  to  our  own  unquiet  days,  when  man  lives  so 
close  to  his  fellow-man,  competes  so  nearly  with  him  in  his  every 
relationship  of  life,  that  what  we  see  chiefly  in  the  tiny  wn-homo- 
loidal  mirrors  to-day  held  up  to  so-called  Nature  is  the  strife  of 
the  subtler  and  more  complex  psychological  conditions? 

And  yet,  if  one  thinks  of  it,  this  gradual  evolution  of  art  from 
sculpture  and  architecture  through  painting  and  the  drama  down 
to  romantic  literature,  is  the  outcome  of  the  natural  development 
of  the  aesthetic  faculties.  In  the  long  history  of  human  evolu- 
tion the  senses,  I  suppose,  were  developed  before  the  emotions, 
the  emotions  before  the  intellect.  So,  in  the  Sophoclean  and  the 
Pheidian  age  the  artist  appealed  to  his  fellow-man  by  the  rhythmic 
verse,  the  handsome  edifice,  the  formal  image;  in  the  Medicean 
by  the  painted  fact;  in  the  Shakespearean  age  he  appealed  to  his 
fellow-man  by  the  moving  incident;  in  the  present  day  he  appeals 
by  the  psychological  problem.  "When  the  Helot  did  the  work  and 
the  Hetaira  provided  the  play,  I  do  riot  suppose  there  was  much 
psychological  problem. 

My  thesis  is,  I  grant,  a  virtual  assertion  that  at  least  sculpture 
and  painting  are  extinct  arts.  The  inference  is  legitimate,  and,  I 
think,  as  regards  "  the  general,"  not  incapable  of  verification.  As 
regards  sculpture,  the  statues  of  London  are  purely  a  negative, 
and  the  statues  of  Paris  a  positive,  proof  of  the  fact.  In  London 
you  have  a  conventional  hero  on  a  conventional  pedestal.  Were 
there  no  explanatory  inscription,  no  idea  would  be  conveyed  by  the 
marble  or  bronze.  In  Paris  you  have  marble  and  bronze  wrested 
from  their  true  function  and  striving  theatrically  to  portray  rapid, 
not  to  say  restless,  motion ; — or,  if  you  have  not  this,  you  have  per- 
ennial brass  representing  ephemeral  pose — a  realism  under  which 
no  ideal  lies.  As  regards  painting,  the  proof  is  more  difficult — 
^specially  after  the  vogue  of  "  Modern  Painters."  But  this  may 
be  asked  : — Why  the  prevalence  of  the  "impressionist"  school? 


THE  ART  IMPULSE.  195 

and  why  this  strenuous  attempt  to  explain  painting  as  "decor- 
ative"? Of  a  surety  the  great  paintings  of  the  quattrocento 
were  not  merely  impressionist  or  decorative.  They  were  called 
altar-pieces  and  they  adorned  chapels;  but  they  were  put  there 
because  the  populace  could  see  them  there — evidently  the  populace 
wanted  to  see  them.  Precious  few  are  the  pictures  that  the  popu- 
lacn  want  to  see  to-day — the  cartoon  and  tlie  picture-magazine 
amply  supply  their  wants.  Why  are  pictures  to-day  hidden  away 
in  drawing-rooms  and  galleries?  If  there  existed  a  great  wide- 
spread living  love  of  paintings,  our  public  buildings  would  be 
filled  with  them,  and  we  might  witness  a  civic  ovation  of  a  master- 
piece such  as  the  traditional  (if  unauthentic)  ovation  of  Cimabue's. 
ISTo;  art  has  evolved  (I  do  not  say  it  has  improved),  as  everything 
human  has  evolved.  Why  should  we  expect  it  to  stand  still  ? 

If  one  may  hazard  a  reckless  prophecy,  I  should  be  inclined  to 
say  that  the  next  great  national  harvest  of  Art  will  be  a  Musical 
one.  Has  any  one  noticed  the  tremendous  invasion  of  the  modern 
stage  by  Music  ?  The  Comic  Opera  has  ousted  Tragedy,  and  three- 
fifths  of  the  lowest  Vaudeville  is  "song  and  dance."  It  may  be 
we  are  on  the  threshold  of  a  new  artistic  era. 


SARTOR  RESARTUS. 

BY  W.  J.  ALEXANDER,  B.  A.,  PH.D., 

Professor  of  English,  University  College. 
:(  Concluded.) 

But  "  Sartor  "  is  not  merely  a  work  of  loose  structure  and  varied 
character;  this  easiness  and  variety  is  given  to  it  as  being  supposedly 
a  review.  To  Carlyle,  whose  main  work  hitherto  had  been  that  of 
introducing  German  books  to  English  readers,  the  idea  of  making 
his  work  a  review  with  copious  extracts  of  an  imaginary  German 
treatise,  would  very  naturally  occur.  For  him  it  was  a  happy  idea 
because  it  enabled  him  to  write  in  a  fragmentary,  disconnected 
fashion  which  at  once  suited  his  subject  and  the  bent  of  his  mind. 
His  subject  was  not  one  and  indivisible ;  it  was  merely  his  thoughts 
upon  things  in  general;  and  through  the  disconnected  quotations 
of  a  vague  treatise  on  Clothes,  he  is  able  to  speak  out  his  conclu- 
sions upon  a  multitude  of  topics — not  merely  on  man's  relation 
to  the  universe,  but  on  any  matter  upon  which  he  felt  that  he  had 
something  worth  saying:  upon  gunpowder,  upon  duelling,  upon 
the  nature  of  language,  and  so  on.  Again  it  was  especially  because 
he  based  his  truths  upon  intuition,  upon  individual  conviction,  that 


196  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

this  particular  guise  suited  his  exposition;  each  of  his  dicta  stood 
on  its  own  feet,  his  thoughts  did  not  cling  logically  together,  each 
one  to  the  skirts  of  its  predecessor.  He  did  not  believe  that  "  At- 
torney Logic  "  could  furnish  a  basis  for  relief.  His  ideas  did  not 
rest  upon  syllogisms;  and  the  fragmentary  extracts  from  the 
Clothes  volume  freed  him  from  the  need  even  of  an  apparent 
order  which  a  consecutive  treatise  must  compel. 

But  Carlyle  was  not  merely  an  intuitionist,  he  was  a  mystic. 
To  him,  therefore,  a  complete,  rounded,  satisfactory  account  of  the 
universe  was  an  impossibility.  The  completeness  and  seeming 
satisfactoriness  of  such  an  account  to  the  intellect,  would  only  be  a 
proof  of  superficiality.  In  the  character  of  his  thought  no  less  than 
in  the  character  of  his  style,  he  represents  the  reaction  against 
the  tendencies  of  the  18th  century.  This  character  of  his  thought 
is  manifested  in  three  particulars;  in  its  insistence  upon  the  mysteri- 
ous and  inexplicable  as  opposed  to  the  reasonable  and  scientifically 
determined;  upon  the  dynamic  as  opposed  to  the  mechanical;  upon 
the  emotional  as  opposed  to  the  intellectual.  On  the  other  hand, 
the  positive  type  of  mind,  which  predominated  in  the  1 8th  century, 
is  inclined  to  dwell  almost  exclusively  upon  what  may  be  defined 
and  reasoned  about,  upon  what  may  be  explained,  upon  what  ap- 
peals to  the  understanding  and  not  to  the  feelings.  These  ten- 
dencies are  illustrated  in  the  writing  of  such  a  man  as  Locke,  e.g., 
in  his  theory  that  the  differences  between  individuals  are  due 
wholly  to  education  and  environment,  and  in  his  neglect  of  the 
(to  the  18th  century)  mysterious  initial  differences  with  which  in- 
dividuals begin  their  career  in  this  world.  The  imaginative  type 
of  mind,  on  the  contrary,  dwells  by  preference  upon  the  vague 
and  mysterious  depths  unplumbed  by  human  reason,  and  is  prone 
to  belittle,  as  Carlyle  constantly  does,  the  known  and  explored 
superficies — the  attainments  of  reason  and  science.  Akin  to,  or  a 
part  of  this  tendency  is  his  emphasis  on  the  dynamic,  as  he 
calls  it,  as  opposed  to  the  mechanical.  The  mechanical  view  con- 
fines itself  to  the  machinery,  the  process,  the  method,  and  when 
these  have  been  analyzed  is  prone  to  accept  everything  as  explained 
— to  hold  that  when  the  machine  has  been  properly  constructed, 
everything  has  been  done.  The  18th  century,  for  example,  was 
mechanical  in  its  political  speculations ;  in  the  stress  it  laid  on  forms 
of  government,  and  constitutions;  in  its  theories  with  regard  to  the 
social  compact.  So  the  radicals  of  Carlyle's  time  seemed  to  him 
mechanical  in  the  importance  they  assigned  to  reform  bills,  vote  by 
ballot,  and  other  changes  in  the  machinery  of  government.  But  it 
is  not  the  machinery  that  makes  the  machine  go.  The  real  cohesive 
forces  of  society  and  the  operative  force  in  government  lie  behind 


SARTOR  RESARTUS.  197 

all  these  forms.  To  Carlyle  the  important  thing  was  that  which 
kept  the  machine  in  motion.  A  clumsy  contrivance  may  work  with 
the  proper  force  behind  it;  but  no  constitution,  no  mechanism  of 
elections,  will  enable  a  nation  of  fools  or  scoundrels  to  produce  a  • 
proper  government.  Thirdly,  Carlyle  held  that  the  stress  laid  upon 
intellectual  conviction,  logical  operations,  mental  clearness,  was  mis- 
taken; the  intellect  is  but  a  part,  and  not  the  highest  part  of  human 
nature;  his  convictions  rest  upon  a  broader  basis  than  his  intellect, 
and  when  he  speaks  he  addresses  himself  to  the  whole  man  and 
not  merely  to  the  reasoning  faculties. 

All  this  implies  that  what  Carlyle  has  to  say,  lends  itself  but  little 
to  exact  and  orderly  statement.  His  truths  cannot  be  put  as  mere 
intellectual  propositions;  and  indeed  his  purpose  is  not  so  much 
to  convey -to  his  reader  a  series  of  definite  statements,  as  to  pro- 
duce a  certain  complex  state  of  mind.  So  in  "Sartor"  when  he  deals 
with  God,  with  man,  with  the  universe,  it  is  no  less  with  the  purpose 
of  producing  a  proper  attitude  of  spirit,  the  sense  of  reverence, 
of  worship,  of  wonder — an  imaginative  and  emotional  condition — 
than  to  procure  the  acceptance  by  the  intellect  of  a  series  of  pro- 
positions. His  purpose  and  the  nature  of  his  thought  alike  pre- 
clude accurate  statement  and  definition,  as  they  preclude  logical 
sequence;  hence  he  requires  forms  of  expression  that  permit  vague 
imaginative  suggest iveness  "  where  more  is  meant  than  meets  the 
ear."  Hence  the  symbolism  of  "Sartor  Resartus,"  and  the  whole 
raison  d'etre  of  the  Clothes  Philosophy.  "  Sartor  "  is  not  merely 
a  review  of  a  supposed  work  which  permits  fragmentary,  miscel- 
laneous, and  varied  contents,  but  of  a  philosophy  of  Clothes;  it  is 
an  adumbration  of  philosophical  ideas  through  a  prolonged  meta- 
phor. The  metaphor  was  not  far  to  seek.  It  may  have  been  sug- 
gested by  the  Psalmist:  "  They  shall  perish,  but  thou  shalt  endure; 
yea,  all  of  them  shall  wax  old  like  a  garment;  as  a  vesture  thou 
shalt  change  them  and  they  shall  be  changed;  but  thou  art  the 
same,  and  thy  years  shall  have  no  end;"  or  by  the  words  of  the 
Earth  Spirit  in  Faust,  which  are  quoted  in  "  Sartor  "  itself: — 

"  Tis  thus  at  the  roaring  loom  of  Time  I  ply 
And  weave  for  God  the  garment  thou  seest  him  by," 

or  from  Swift's  "  Tale  of  a  Tub,"  to  which  also  reference  is  made. 
Through  this  metaphor  of  clothes,  Carlyle  is  able  persistently  to 
present  his  central  conceptions  of  the  nature  of  the  universe :  that 
as  the  body  is  hidden  beneath  the  clothing,  so  are  the  dynamic 
forces  hidden  behind  the  machinery;  that  the  world  which  presents 
itself  to  the  superficial  gaze  is  a  world  of  phenomenon,  that  the 
world  of  real  existence  lies  beneath.  The  apparent  is  the  super- 


198  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY. 

ficial — the  clothes  which  "  half  conceal  and  half  reveal  the  soul 
within."  To  the  mystic  philosopher,  symbolism  with  its  vague  sug- 
gestiveness,  with  its  complex  of  associations,  is  a  more  adequate  and 
true  means  of  expression  than  the  abstract  language  of  science  and 
metaphysics,  which  can,  at  best,  only  convey  the  hard,  bare  kernel 
of  logical  statement.  Hence  not  merely  the  rich  and  figurative 
style  of  Carlyle,  but  the  concrete  and  picturesque  symbolism  of 
"  Sartor." 

But  Carlyle  was  not  merely  a  moralist,  a  proclaimer  of  general 
truths,  interested  in  the  great  abstract  problems;  he  was  not,  as 
men  concerned  with  such  matters  have  often  been,  immersed  in 
abstract  speculation  and  oblivious  to  the  concrete  facts  of  life.  On 
the  contrary,  he  was  an  extraordinarily  keen  and  discerning  observ- 
er of  men  and  things.  In  how  many  passages,  thrown  off  even  in 
the  haste  and  carelessness  of  private  correspondence,  does  he  seize 
the  essentials  of  a  scene,  a  face,  a  character ;  and  imprint  it  indelibly 
on  the  imagination  of  the  reader !  He  did  not,  amidst  his  moraliz- 
ings  and  speculations,  forget  the  concrete  world  about  him  or  lose 
interest  in  the  real  men  and  women  with  whom  he  rubbed  elbows. 
By  temperament  he  was  specially  predisposed  to  note  the  follies 
and  defects  of  men,  the  difference  between  ideal  and  achievement, 
the  pettiness  of  human  power  and  the  magnitude  of  human  de- 
sires; he  was,  in  short,  a  born  satirist  and  humourist.  To  satire  his 
clothes  symbolism  easily  lends  itself, — to  Carlyle's  sense  of  the  pre- 
valence of  sham  and  unreality,  to  his  humourous  perception  of  the 
insignificance  of  human  concerns  as  seen  against  the  back  ground 
of  eternity. 

Thus  far  we  have  indicated  some  of  the  main  reasons  for  the 
peculiarities  in  the  form  of  this  book;  there  were  many  minor  ad- 
vantages. Carlyle's  views  were  very  remote  from  the  dominant 
tendencies  in  English  thought  of  his  time,  very  unlikely  to  be  un- 
derstood or  accepted;  and  further  it  was  natural  to  him, 
even  in  conversation,  to  express  himself  by  sudden  and  un- 
expected outbursts  of  eloquence.  The  plan  of  reviewing  and  quot- 
ing an  imaginary  work  enabled  him  to  insert  the  apology,  explan- 
ation, introduction,  which  these  strange  opinions,  these  sudden  out- 
bursts of  eloquence  might  demand.  His  impassioned  utterances, 
partial  in  statement,  hyperbolical,  emphatic,  adapted  to  touch  the 
emotions  and  kindle  the  imaginations  of  his  readers,  could  scarcely 
have  found  a  setting  in  any  of  the  recognized  forms  of  written  dis- 
course, especially  at  the  date  when  he  wrote;  the  expounder  of 
truth  is  calm,  balanced,  reserved  in  his  assertions,  but  such  char- 
acteristics are  not  likely  to  make  the  message  of  a  prophet  and 
preacher  pierce  the  dull  ears  of  a  heedless  generation. 


SARTOR  RESARTUS.  199 

So  much  for  the  relation  of  the  form  and  method  of  "  Sartor 
Resartus,"  to  what  may  be  called  its  philosophical  side.  But  there  is 
a  considerable  portion  of  this  work  which  gives  expression 
not  to  philosopher  or  preacher,  but  to  the  artist.  It  would  be  a  very 
inadequate  view  of  Carlyle  that  did  not  recognize  in  him  the  im- 
pulses, motives,  and  endowments  of  the  literary  artist.  The  work 
of  the  preacher,  whether  successful  or  unsuccessful,  is  likely  to  be 
transitory;  as  intended  to  produce  immediate  action,  it  is  accom- 
modated to  the  special  need  of  a  passing  moment ;  and,  in  my  opin- 
ion, the  most  permanent  and  greatest  work  of  Carlyle  is  not  his 
work  as  a  preacher  but  as  a  literary  artist.  I  confess,  when  I 
read  him,  consecutively  and  in  large  quantities,  notwithstanding 
the  frequent  passage  of  lofty  eloquence,  I  become  weary  of  his 
preaching,  of  his  unending  iterations  and  objurgations,  of  his 
"  infinities "  and  his  "  eternities."  But  read  him  as  often  as 
one  may,  one  is  ever  struck  afresh  by  the  clearness,  the 
aptness,  the  interest  of  his  concrete  pictures  of  men  and  things. 
His  sense  of  the  importance  of  conduct  led  him  to  moralize 
and  to  preach.  But  mere  abstractions,  mere  generalization, 
palled  upon  him;  and  in  the  work  of  others  his  admiration  is 
always  for  the  powerful  depicting  of  actual  concrete  life. 
The  purely  abstract  element  repelled  him  even  in  the  work 
of  his  dearest  friend  Emerson,  and  with  little  appreciation  of  the 
limitations  of  the  latter's  genius,  he  appeals  to  him  within  private 
correspondence  to  leave  the  realm  of  abstractions  and  to  devote  his 
pen  to  the  painting  of  men.  "  It  is  cold  and  vacant  up  there,"  he 
writes,  "  nothing  paintable  but  rainbows  and  emotions;  come  down 
and  you  shall  do  life-pictures,  passions,  facts — which  transcend  all 
thought,  and  leave  it  stuttering  and  stammering."  Carlyle  was 
no  purblind  bookworm ;  he  saw  the  actual  world  about  him  with  an 
exactness  and  fulness  which  few  possess.  Pie  fixed  unerringly  upon 
the  significant  and  telling  details,  and  he  knew  how  to  reproduce 
these  in  language.  His  letters  are  full  of  concrete  pictures  and  por- 
traits— thrown  off  currente  calamo — that  would  make  the  for- 
tune of  most  descriptive  writers.  Further,  he  could  not  merely 
seize  and  reproduce  the  essentials  of  what  presented  itself  to  his  per- 
ceptions in  the  actual  world  about  him;  but  he  had  the  higher  gift 
of  imagination,  recreating  for  himself  and  his  readers  scenes,  situa- 
tions, characters  that  he  had  never  observed  with  the  bodily  eye. 
It  is  this  imaginative  power  that  gives  him  his  special  distinc- 
tion as  an  historian.  Most  of  our  successful  historians  give  us  the 
facts  of  the  past  arranged  in  orderly  sequence,  so  that  we  have  a 
clear  intellectual  apprehension  and  comprehension  of  them;  but 
Carlyle  succeeds  in  conjuring  up  before  our  imagination  the  scenes 


200  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

.and  personages  of  history  with  something  of  the  vivacity,  vividness, 
emotional  effectiveness  of  the  actual  occurrences,  in  much  the  same 
fashion  in  which  a  novelist  or  dramatist,  a  Scott  or  Shakespeare, 
enables  us  to  behold  and  enter  into  the  scenes  of  pure 
fiction.  When  Carlyle  wrote  "  Sartor  Resartus "  the  creative 
.artist  within  him  was  clamoring  for  utterance  no  less  than 
the  teacher  and  preacher.  "  Why  cannot  I  be  a  kind  of  artist," 
lie  writes  in  his  journal.  His  first  attempted  wholly  original 
work  was  a  work  of  the  creative  imagination,  a  novel;  but 
notwithstanding  persistent  efforts  "  Wotton  Reinfred  "  would  not 
succeed  with  him.  And  that  because  of  a  notable  limit  to  his 
creative  imagination.  Of  that  imaginative  power  his  works  afford 
brilliant  demonstration;  the  fall  of  the  Bastille,  the  journey  of 
Louis  in  the  yellow  coach,  the  battle  of  Dunbar,  the  character  of 
Cromwell.  But  in  all  these  cases  his  imagination  is  at  work  upon 
the  real;  whereas  in  the  (from  the  point  of  view  of  art)  higher 
sphere  of  pure  fiction,  it  could  not  act  with  the  same  ease  and 
efficiency.  This  limitation  is  connected  with  his  Puritanism  and 
utilitarianism,  with  that  practical  and  serious  character  of  his  mind 
to  which  attention  has  been  drawn.  To  spirits  of  this  kind,  fiction 
seems  too  trivial  to  give  the  requisite  creative  stimulus.  So  the 
Puritan  Milton  rejected  the  stories  of  Arthur  as  a  suitable  subject 
for  his  great  epic  when  he  perceived  that  they  are  mythical,  and 
turned  to  the  more  congenial,  because  to  him  supremely  real  and 
practical,  subject  of  "  Paradise  Lost " — the  justification  of  the 
ways  of  God  to  man. 

Now  "Sartor  Resartus,"  a  book  written  especially  from  the  need 
for  outlet,  gives  its  author  the  needed  scope  for  the  expression  of 
the  artistic  as  well  as  of  the  didactic  impulse.  Carlyle  even  found  an 
opportunity  then  (as  Professor  MacMechan  in  his  admirable  and 
helpful  edition  has  pointed  out)  to  make  use  of  the  incomplete  novel 
"  Wotton  Eeinfred  "  in  as  far  as  it  had  succeeded  on  his  hands.  It 
is  especially  in  the  disjointed  and  fragmentary,  but  very  vivid,  bio- 
graphy of  the  imaginary  clothes  philosopher,  Herr  Teufelsdrb'ckh, 
which  fills  the  whole  of  Book  II.,  that  Carlyle  finds  employment  for 
the  more  purely  artistic  and  creative  impulse.  !Nor  is  this  successful 
incursion  into  the  realms  of  fiction  an  exception  to  the  limitation  of 
the  author's  imaginative  power  to  which  I  have  just  alluded;  for  in 
truth  the  character,  life,  and  adventures  of  Herr  Teufelsdrockh,  are 
substantially  those  of  Carlyle  himself.  There  is,  of  course,  dis- 
guise; non-essentials  are  freely  changed;  but  the  experiences,  the 
emotions,  the  sentiments,  the  conclusions  are  those  of  Carlyle's  own 
life. 


SARTOR  RESARTUS.  201 

There  is,  in  addition,  apart  from  any  impulse  towards  artistic 
expression,  a  reason  for  this  piece  of  biography  from  the  point  of 
view  of  the  general  contents  of  the  book.  The  philosophy,  in  as  far 
as  it  is  philosophy,  which  the  book  contains  is  not  the  outcome  of 
processes  of  inference  addressed  to  the  universal  human  intellect. 
It  is  put  together  of  intentions,  flashes  of  insight,  or  of  feeling 
which  may  or  may  not  find  responsive  assent  in  other  breasts.  It 
finds  its  ground  and  explanation  not  in  axioms  and  syllogisms,  but 
in  the  character  and  history  of  the  thinking  and  feeling  spirit  that 
conceived  them.  As  we  understand  the  literature  or  political  con- 
stitutions of  a  nation,  wre  must  understand  the  nature  and  history 
of  the  people  that  evolved  them;  so  the  Clothes  Philosophy  finds  its 
true  basis  and  explanation  in  the  character  and  history  of  the  heart 
and  mind  that  produced  it;  and  this  the  author  has  given  in  faintly 
disguised  autobiography. 

To  return  again  to  the  artistic- side  of  "  Sartor,"  Carlyle  has  often 
been  called  a  prose  poet.  He  does  indeed  possess  the  sensitive, 
observant,  and  strongly  emotional  nature  of  the  poet,  the  power  of 
perceiving  and  feeling  the  beauty  and  significance  that  lie 
in  the  concrete  facts  of  life.  "In  so  far  he  is  a  poet;  but  again  on  the 
artistic  side  there  is  a  serious  limitation;  he  cannot  attain  com- 
plete poetic  expression;  he  fails  egregiously  in  his  attempts  at  verse. 
In  his  critical  utterances  too,  we  trace  analogous  weakness.  No- 
where does  his  criticism,  admirable  critic  as  he  is,  exhibit  the  power 
of  adequately  appreciating  mere  artistic  beauty.  Beauties  of  mere 
technical  execution,  he  values  but  little.  The  truth  to  nature, 
the  knowledge  of  men  and  things,  the  wisdom  of  such  poets 
as  Shakespeare  and  Goethe,  he  can  abundantly  perceive.  But 
to  purely  poetic  charm  he  turns  a  deaf  ear;  for  poets  like 
Keats,  whose  power  lies  in  the  perception  of  beauty  and  in 
exquisiteness  of  form,  he  has  only  contempt.  As  Dr.  Garnett 
notes,  his  verse  translation  shows  a  defective  ear.  In  keeping 
with  all  this,  he  gives  utterance  to  the  pestilent  heresy  that  what- 
ever is  said  in  verse  might  be  as  well  or  better  expressed  in 
prose.  The  possession  of  the  perception  and  feelings  of  the  poet, 
without  command  of  verse  forms,  led  him  to  the  writing  of  pas- 
sages, often  of  great  beauty,  which  may  be  called  prose  poetry; 
and  the  loose  structure  of  "  Sartor "  admitted  poetic  outbursts 
which  could  have  come  very  awkwardly  into  a  conventional 
prose  treatise.  If  the  reader  will  turn  to  the  passages  of 
"  Sartor  "  which  have  most  firmly  fixed  themselves  in  his  recollec- 
tion, he  will  probably  find  many  of  them  to  be  either  outbursts  of 
emotion,  or  imaginative  pictures,  expressed  in  eloquent  and  pictur- 


202          UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY. 

esque  prose,  which,  might  not  unfittingly  have  been  embodied  in 
the  more  regular  and  elaborate  forms  of  lyric  verse. 

I  have  thus  attempted  to  account  for  the  peculiarities  of  the 
work  before  us,  and  to  show  that,  open  as  the  form  of  "  Sartor 
Resartus  "  is  to  criticism,  its  defects  do  not  hamper  the  author  inas- 
much as  they  corresponded  to  peculiarities  in  his  own  genius,  and 
afforded  him  a  more  free  and  adequate  expression  than  would  any 
of  the  accepted  literary  modes.  Its  form,  in  short,  as  is  the  case 
with  all  great  works,  is  organic,  the  expression  of  the  inner  spirit. 

In  conclusion,  I  might  perhaps  say  a  word  or  two  as  to  the 
effectiveness  of  Carlyle's  preaching,  as  to  how  far  and  in  what 
respect  he  has  shaped  the  tendencies  of  his  own  and  subsequent 
generations.  ^No  doubt,  Carlyle's  influence  as  a  preacher  has 
waned;  my  own  belief  is  that  he  will  rather  survive  as  a  delineator 
of  life  and  character,  as  a  literary  artist  and  historian,  than  as  a 
philosopher  or  teacher.  Of  disciples  he  has  had  but  few.  There 
have  not  been  many  who,  like  Froude,  would  hold  him  the 
wisest,  truest,  profoundest  thinker  of  his  generation.  His 
influence,  as  the  biographies  of  the  latter  half  of  the  nineteenth 
century  show,  was  chiefly  tonic  and  indirect.  Men  who  did  not  ac- 
cept his  teachings  in  their  entirety,  or  even,  perhaps,  in  part,  yet 
underwent  through  him  spiritual  and  intellectual  quickening. 
Apart  from  this  he  exercised  a  wide  general  influence  in  turning 
the  currents  of  opinion  and  feeling  in  certain  directions.  His  in- 
fluence is  the  less  easily  traced  because  his  work  is  largely  critical 
and  destructive;  he  could  point  out  the  follies  and  evils  of  his  day; 
when  we  look  for  positive  teachings  there  is  much  of  vagueness. 
Another  point  is  to  be  noted.  Carlyle,  as  is  often  the  case 
tvith  men  of  genius,  catches  and  voices  earlier  than  the  rest  of  man- 
kind tendencies  which  in  any  case  are  destined  to  emerge ;  and  it  is 
impossible  to  decide  how  far  the  strength  which  such  tendencies 
may  subsequently  show  is  the  outcome  of  his  advocacy,  how  far 
conditions  are  altogether  independent  of  him.  It  is  a  fact,  how- 
ever, that  the  years  which  have  elapsed  since  the  publication  of  his 
opinions  have  seen  a  marked  approximation  in  practice  and  way  of 
thinking  to  some,  at  least,  of  the  positions  taken  by  Carlyle. 

In  the  sphere  of  religion,  Carlyle  was  a  force  in  undermining 
theological  dogma,  whilst  showing  svmpathy  with  the  spirit 
and  practical  activities  of  Christianity.  The  religion  of  his 
childhood,  although  he  abandoned  most  of  the  articles  of  its 
creed,  had  a  strong  hold  upon  his  spiritual  nature,  and,  indeed, 
there  was  even  in  his  later  beliefs  a  certain  kinship  with 
the  system  he  had  rejected.  This  sympathy,  and  a  certain  religious 
sentiment  which  pervades  his  work,  doubtless  allured  many 


SARTOR  RESARTUS.  203 

readers  to  follow  him  in  bis  rejection  of  what  is  ordinarily  called 
the  supernatural,  who  would  have  been  repelled  by  the  open 
hostility  or  unsympathetic  hardness  of  other  sceptical  teachings; 
and  his  share  in  the  present  declension  from  dogmatic  positions  has, 
probably,  not  been  small. 

In  the  sphere  of  politics,  Carlyle's  political  position  was  with 
difficulty  apprehended  by  his  contemporaries;  he  was  in  turn 
accused  of  radicalism  and  toryism.  The  truth  is,  he  was  thoroughly 
.  radical  on  the  destructive  side.  He  was  no  favourer  of  the 
privileges  which  had  been  handed  down  to  certain  classes  since 
mediaeval  times.  He  believed  in  "eternal  justice:"  that  political 
rights  should  be  distributed  not  on  the  basis  of  class  distinctions,  or 
of  other  external  differences  between  men.  So  far  he  agreed  with 
the  radical  programme;  but  with  the  positive  side  of  their  propa- 
ganda he  had  no  sympathy.  He  had  no  optimistic  views  as  to  the 
consequences  of  giving  every  man  a  vote,  and  of  the  results  of  par- 
liamentary government  based  on  universal  suffrage.  He  did  not 
believe  that  the  exercise  of  political  rights1  could  appreciably  elevate 
the  masses,  that  universal  suffrage  would  ensure  wise  rulers,  that 
the  executive  established  on  the  democratic  basis  would  afford  good 
and  wise  government.  He  was  really  an  aristocrat  in  its  original 
sense.  He  desired  the  government  of  the  wisest  and  best.  He  was 
a  great  admirer  of  effectiveness  and  orderliness;  and  he  saw  that 
there  was  no  relief  to  be  attained  through  the  medium  of  parlia- 
mentary debating  clubs.  He  felt  that  the  strong  government  is  the 
government  of  one.  Hence  his  preaching  of  the  necessity  of  find- 
ing the  "able  man,"  the  true  king;  though,  unfortunately,  he  was 
unable  to  give  any  very  definite  instructions  as  to  how  this  able 
man  was  to  be  discovered  and  elevated  into  the  seat  of  power. 
Now,  though  there  is  no  political  school,  in  English-speaking  coun- 
tries at  least,  desirous  of  thus  placing  all  power  in  the  hands  of  a 
single  man,  even  the  ablest,  the  world  now,  to  a  much  greater  ex- 
tent than  in  Carlyle's  time  does  share  his  distrust  of  democracy,  and 
is  little  disposed  to  think  that  with  its  advent  the  Golden  Age  of 
politics  has  arrived ;  intelligent  opinion  as  to  the  excellence  of  par- 
liament and  parliamentary  government  has  certainly  drawn  nearer 
to  that  of  Carlyle;  and  the  disposition  to  strengthen  the  hands  of 
the  single  executive  officer  as  against  legislative  bodies,  whether 
that  officer  be  mayor,  or  governor,  or  president,  has  some  affinity  to 
Carlyle's  views  of  kingship. 

But  it  is  in  the  general  sphere  of  social  relations  that  the 
prevalence  of  views  such  as  Carlyle  advocated,  is  most  apparent. 
The  political  economy  of  Adam  Smith,  against  which  Carlyle  so 
vigorously  inveighed,  has  since  his  day  certainly  lost  in  prestige. 
The  principles  of  Laissez  faire  and  the  "  cash  nexus  "  have  been 


204  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

almost  universally  abandoned  both  by  legislators  and  thinkers.. 
Public  sentiment  has  in  these  regards  passed  wholly  from  .the  con- 
trol of  the  school  that  dominated  English  thought  and  political 
practice  in  Carlyle's  day.  The  sense  of  the  responsibility  of 
society  for  the  condition  of  each  of  its  members  reveals  itself  in 
socialism  and  in  the  tenets  of  many  who  reject  socialism,  as 
well  as  in  actual  legislation — in  factory  bills,  with  regard  to  the 
housing  of  the  poor,  popular  education,  &c.  These  specific  meas- 
ures often  carry  out  the  definite  programme  of  Carlyle.  In  short, 
I  think  the  present  generation  may  be  inclined  to  underestimate 
the  influence  that  Carlyle  has  exerted;  partly  because  of  the  inevit- 
able reaction  against  a  writer  after  a  period  of  popularity  and 
power,  partly  from  the  shadow  cast  across  the  philosopher  of 
Chelsea  by  Froude's  extraordinary  treatment  of  his  hero  in  the 
"  Life;"  and  not  least  because  the  very  success  of  many  of  his 
teachings  has  made  them  seem  commonplace  or  obsolete. 


THE  CONVOCATION  HALL  FUND. 

- 

A  LL  subscriptions  to  the  University  of  Toronto  Convocation 
•£*•  Hall  which  have  been  received  up  to  April  7th  are  given 
below  in  the  order  of  their  receipt.  The  Committee  of  the 
Alumni  Association  is  much  gratified  by  the  encouraging  response 
to  its  request  for  assistance  in  this  laudable  object,  from  the 
graduates  and  friends  of  the  Provincial  University. 

As  will  be  seen  from  the  form  at  the  foot  of  the  list,  the  sum  of 
$50,000  must  be  raised,  and  subscriptions  are  given  upon  that 
condition.  A  building  affording  suitable  accommodation  cannot 
be  erected  for  a  smaller  sum.  Only  some  SI  6,000  of  that  minimum 
necessary  amount  is  still  lacking,  and  moderate  contributions  from 
the  graduates,  in  general,  would  practically  assure  the  erection  of 
the  Hall.  The  committee  hopes  that  something  may  be  received 
from  every  graduate,  and  earnestly  requests  that  the  graduates  and 
friends  of  the  University  who  desire  to  help  in  the  undertaking 
will  send  in  their  subscriptions  at  the  earliest  possible  date.  It  is 
hoped  that  the  above  minimum  may  be  largely  exceeded,  and  that 
it  will  be  thus  possible  to  erect  a  more  commodious  and  handsome 
building. 

Of  the  necessity  for  a  Convocation  Hall  there  can  be  no  doubt. 
Since  the  destruction  of  the  old  Hall  by  the  fire  of  1890,  the  Uni- 
versity has  been  entirely  deprived  of  accommodation  of  this  kind. 
For  the  indispensable  exercises  of  commencement  and  Convoca- 
tion various  unsatisfactory  expedients  have  been  resorted  to,  with 
the  result  that  the  friends  and  families  of  the  graduating  classes 
in  the  various  faculties  and  colleges  have  to  a  large  extent  been- 


CONVOCATION  HALL  FUND.  205 

debarred  from  participation  in  these  ceremonies.  The  social  side  of 
University  life  has  suffered  to  an  even  greater  degree.  Such  func- 
tions as  the  reception  of  distinguished  visitors,  University  ser- 
mons and  lectures,  meetings  of  students,  reunions  of  graduates, 
commencement  dinners,  and  the  like,  have  been  restricted  in  their 
scope  or  rendered  impossible  for  want  of  room  in  University 
buildings. 

Under  these  circumstances  the  Alumni  Association  decided 
upon  the  erection  of  a  Convocation  Hall  by  subscription  as  a  pro- 
ject which  would  best  appeal  to  all  the  faculties,  colleges  and 
schools  of  the  University  as  a  whole.  In  view  of  the  claim  of  the- 
University  upon  the  government  for  the  increasing  needs  of  the 
academic  departments,  it  was  felt  that  private  enterprise  might 
fairly  contribute  something  to  the  requirements  of  this  phase  of 
student  life,  and  moreover  that  this  combined  effort  might  da 
much  towards  consolidating  the  Alumni  of  the  Provincial  Uni- 
versity into  a  strong  and  united  body  for  the  advancement  of  the 
interests  of  their  Alma  Mater. 

The  fondest  memories  of  the  older  graduates  cluster  about  the 
Hall  of  early  days — its  architectural  effects,  its  memorial  windows, 
its  historic  furnishings;  and  the  most  cherished  recollections  of 
their  student  days  centre  there.  At  present  there  is  nothing  to- 
take  its  place,  and  no  more  worthy  object,  or  any  more  likely  to 
promote  University  spirit  among  future  generations  of  students, 
could  be  brought  forward. 

NTo  feature  of  the  subscription  list  is  more  pleasing  to  the 
Committee  in  charge  than  the  enthusiastic  co-operation  of  the 
under-graduates.  The  committee  will  be  greatly  assisted  if  those 
who  are  willing  to  subscribe  towards  the  fund  will  send  in  their 
subscriptions  at  the  earliest  date.  The  accompanying  form  may 
be  used,  and  should  be  forwarded  to  Dr.  J.  C.  McLennan,  Dean's 
House,  University  of  Toronto. 

I  hereby  subscribe  $ to  the  fund  for  the  erection  of  a 

Convocation  Hall  for  the  University  of  Toronto  (subject  to  the 
condition  that  if  $50,000  be  not  subscribed  this  subscription  is 
void);  one-half  payable  when  the  $50,000  is  subscribed  and  the 
balance  within  one  year  thereafter. 

The  distribution  of  the  subscribers  to  the  fund  so  far  is  indicated  by  the 
following  analysis  : 
FIRST  ANALYSIS — 

(1)  Members  of  the  different  Faculties  of  the  University  of  Toronto.  .    ?6,632  50 

(2)  Graduates,  undergraduates  and  friends  of  the  University  resident  in 

Toronto  other  than  members  of  the  Faculties  . 18,838  00 

(3)  Graduates,  undergraduates  and  friends  of  the  University  outside  of 

Toronto 8.928  60 

$34,399  10 


206  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY. 

SECOND  ANALYSIS — 

(1)  Graduates  of  the  University  of  Toronto  in  all  Faculties :  $18,363  00 

•(2)  Undergraduates — 

(a)  Arts— 

1903 $      62000 

1904 82100 

1905 863  00 

1906 67700 

ft  2,981  00 

(b)  Medicine  — 

1903 ft       18400 

1904 8500 

1905 50000 

1906 296  00 

Nu  Sigm i  Nu  Fraternity       150  00 

1,215  00 

(e)  Applied  Science — 

1903 $      170  00 

1904 230  00 

1905 295  00 

1906 300  00 

995  00 

(d)  Harmonic  Club 50  00 

(3)  Friends  of  the  University  other  than  graduates  and  undergraduates    10,795  10 

§34,399  10 
CONVOCATION  HALL  FUND. 

The  different  years  in  Arts  and  Medicine  have  contributed  to  date  as  follows  : 

1854 $  2500  1874 $    30000  1891 $  27250 

1857 15000  1875 2500  1S92 1,02500 

1859 200  00  1876 500  00  1893 COS  00 

1860 225  00  1877 75  00  1894 162  00 

1861 55  00  1878 1,100  00  1895 544  00 

1862 520  00  1879 275  00  1896 245  00 

1863 39000  1880  50000  1897   21850 

1864 2500  1881 25000  1898 26200 

1865    2000  1882   81000  1899 46500 

1866    300  00  1883 400  00  1900 236  00 

1867 150  00  1884 325  00  1901 66  00 

1868 100  00  1885 195  00  1902 230  00 

1869 35  00  1886 705  00  1903 804  00 

1870 175  00  1887 343  00  1904 906  00 

1871 85  00  1888 370  00  1905 1,363  00 

1872 275  XK)  1889   556  00  1906 973  00 

1873 2,220  00  1890 225  00 

The  Secretary  begs  to  acknowledge  the  following  subscriptions,    which   are 
given  in  the  order  of  their  receipt  : 

N.  Quance,  B.A St.  Thomas,  Ont  f  15  00 

S.  Silcox,  B.A.,  D.Paed St.  Thomas,  Ont  20  00 

A.    E.    Wallace    St.  Thomas,  Ont 50  00 

W.  D.  LeSueur,  B.A. 32  Fort  St.,  Montreal.  Que.   ..  25  00 

F.  F.  Manley,  |M.A 148  Winchester  St.,  Toronto. .  50  00 

Professor  W.  H.  Fraser 67  Madison  Ave.,  Toronto 150  00 

President    Loudon    83  St.  George  St.,  Toronto 250  00 

F.  B.  Allan.  M.A..  Ph.D 20  Ross  St.,  Toronto  50  00 

Rev.  J.  W.  Macmillan,  B.A Winnipeg,   Man 20  00 


CONVOCATION  HALL  FUND.  207 

F.  B.  Kenrick,  M.A.,  Ph.D 209  John  St.,   Toronto 5000 

Miss  W.  A.  Hutchison,  B.A 100  Spencer  Ave.,  Toronto 2  00 

F.  Tracy,  B.A.,  Ph.D Toronto    20  00 

J   P.  Hubbard,  B.A.,  M.D Forest,    Ont     50  00 

Wm.   A.   Macdonald,   M.B Windsor,   Ont 10  00 

Professor  A.  B.  Macallum  59  St.  George  St.,  Toronto 150  00 

H  H.  Collier,  B.A. St.    Catharines,    Ont 20  00 

W.   T.   White,   B.A 59  Brunswick  Ave.,  Toronto . .  250  OX) 

G.  H.  Ling,  B.A.  Ph.D Columbia   Univ.,    New   York..  100  00 

G.  M.  Murray,  B.A Port    Arthur,    Ont 10  00 

F    H.  Clergue   Sault  Ste.  Marie,  Ont 1,000  00 

Professor   G.    A.    Peters Toronto,   Ont 200  00 

Professor  A.  McPhedran Toronto,   Ont 200  00 

Geo.  Dickson,  M.A Toronto,    Ont 100  00 

Miss  M.  E.  T.  Addison,  B.A Lindsay,    Ont 6  00 

G.  Waldron,  B.A Toronto,   Ont 50  00 

University  of  Toronto  Harmonic  Club 5000 

G.  W.  Ogilvie  Dowsley,  M.B Toronto,    Ont 15  00 

G.  Kennedy,  M.A.,  LL.D Toronto,    Ont 150  00 

B.  G.  Connolly,  M.B Renfrew,    Ont 20  00 

T.    W.   Wright,   B.A Schenectady,    N.Y 25  00 

Rev.  E.  A.  Wicher,  M.A. Kobe,  Japan 20  00 

Vice-President  R.  Ramsay  Wright Toronto,    Ont 250  00 

Professor  A.  J.  Bell  Toronto,    Ont 250  00 

Chas.    Millar,    M.A.     Toronto,    Ont ....  25000 

S    C.    Smoke,   B.A Toronto,    Ont 250  00 

H.  M.  E.  Evans,  B.A Winnipeg,    Man 

W.  W.  McLaren,  B.A Toronto,   Ont 

Jas.    H.    Lemon,    B.A Laskay,    Ont 

W.   D.   Love,   B.A Oaxaco,    Mexico    

J.    W.    Hobbs,   B.A London,    Ont 

Professor  W.  Oldwright  Toronto,   Ont 200  00 

Professor  W.  P.  Caven Toronto,    Ont 200  00 

Dean  Reeve   Toronto,    Ont 2oO  00 

Professor  I.  H.  Cameron Toronto,   Ont 200  00 

W.  A.  MacKinnon,  B.A Ottawa,    Ont 5  00 

Wm.    Ponton,    M.A Belleville,    Ont 5  00 

W.  L.  T.  Addison,  B.A.,  (M.D Toronto,    Ont 100  00 

C.  McKenna,   M.B Toronto,    Ont 20  00 

Professor  T.  L.  Walker   Toronto,   Ont luO  00 

J.  T.  Fotheringham,  B.A.,  M.B.    ......  Toronto,    Ont 3000 

E.  Frisby,    M.A Washington,    D.C 2000 

J.  B.  Willmovt,  D.D.S Toronto,   Ont 100  00 

Professor  J.   Squair    Toronto,    Ont 100  00 

F.  Turnbull,  M.B Auburn,  Ont 15  '00 

W.  H.  Jenkins,  B.A Education  Dept,  Toronto    ...  25  00 

T.  A.  Haultain,  M.A Toronto,    Ont 5  00 

W.  J.  Mickle,  M.D.,  F.R.C.P London,    Eng 200  00 

Professor  J.  F.  W.  Ross   Toronto,    Ont 100  00 

Rev.    E.    Harris,    B.A Toronto,    Ont 50  00 

W.  H.  Piersol,  B.A.,  M.B Toronto,    Ont 15  00 

C.  J.  Wagner,  jM.B Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

Rev.  W.  A.  Bradley,  B.A Berlin,    Ont 20  00 

Jas.  D.   Graham,  B.A Pasadena,    Cal 10  00 

J.    McGowan,    B.A Toronto,    Ont 25  00 

Wm.    Prendergast,   B.A Toronto,    Ont 5  00 

W.  H.  Metzler,  B.A Syracuse,  N.Y 10  00 

S.    King,    B.A Toronto,    Ont 25  00 

R.    McKay,    B.A Toronto,    Ont 25  00 

R.  D.  McMurchy,  B.A Chesley,    Ont 10  00 

J.  E.  Dickson,  B.A Orillia,    Ont 10  00 


208  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY. 

Rev.  John  Neil,  B.A Toronto,    Ont 10  00- 

Rev.  W.  G.   Wallace,   M.  A Toronto  Ont.    25  00 

G.  F.  Hull,  Ph.D Hanover,  N.H 75  00 

C.  J.  Macgregor,  B.A Stratford,  Ont 25  00 

Miss  E.  E.  Deroche,  B.A Napanee,  Ont 4  00 

C.  V.  Dyment,  B.A Pendleton,  Ore 20  00 

N.  F.  Coleman,  B.A Spokane,   Wash 10  00 

G.  A.  Cornish,  B.A Lindsay,    Ont 15  00 

G.  G.  S.  Lindsay,  B.A Toronto,   Ont 200  00 

J.  M.  Clark,  B.A Toronto,    Ont 200  00 

S.  JM.  Henry,  M.D Harriston,    Ont 10  00 

J.  Price  Brown,  M.D Toronto,    Ont 50  00 

R.  J.  Dwyer,  M.B Toronto,  Ont 200  00 

Professor  A.  H.  Wright  Toronto,    Ont 100  00 

Principal  Hutton   Toronto,    Ont 150  00 

G.  H.  Needier,  B.A.,  Ph.D Toronto,    Ont 25  0<0 

Rev.  A.  Grant,  B.A St.  Mary's  Ont 50  00 

Veterinary   College    Toronto,  Ont 500  00 

Faculty  of  Royal   College  of  Dental  Surgeons,   Toronto    400  00 

J.  H.  Cameron,  M.A .Toronto,  Ont 50  00 

Miss  A.  I.  Dickson,  B.A Peterborough,  Ont 2  OO1 

I.  E.  Martin,  B.A Kingston,    Ont 50  00 

Miss  M.  L.  Wright,  B.A Toronto,   Ont.    ... 20  00 

Chas.   Elliott,   B.A Toronto,    Ont 25  00 

Rev.  W.  I.  Shaw,  B.A Montreal,   Que. 5  00 

H.  Cronyn,  B.A London,   Ont 25  00 

F.  W.  Merchant,  B.A.,  D.Paed London,  Ont 100  00 

W.   G.   Hanna,  B.A Mount  Forest,  Ont 5  00 

R.   Harkness,   B.A Cornwall,  Ont 5  00 

G.  C.  Sellery,  B.A University  of  Wisconsin,  Madi- 

son, Wis 10  00 

Miss  N.  J.  Lamont,  B.A Ashbury  Park,  N. J 4  00 

Jos.  Nason,  B.A.,  LL.B Toronto,    Ont 50  00 

A.  S.  McCaig,  M.B Sault  Ste.  Marie,  Ont 50'  00 

G.    M.    Stewart,    B.A Sault  Ste.  Marie,  Ont.    10  00 

H.   H.   Smith,  B.A Orangeville,   Ont 5  00 

R.  D.  Rudolf,  M.D Toronto,    Ont 50  00 

Wm.  Gillespie,  B.A Princeton,  N. J 25  00 

Professor  Lash  Miller   Toronto,  Ont.   150  00 

Alex.  Steele,  B.A Orangeville,   Ont 20  00 

R.  G.  Murison,  jM.A.,  B.D.,  Ph.D University  of  Toronto 20  00 

G.  W.  Johnston,  Ph.D University  of  Toronto   25  00 

E.    F.    Blake,    B.A Toronto,  Ont 30  00 

Professor  W.  J.  Alexander Toronto,   Ont 100  00 

Professor  G.  M.  Wrong  Toronto,   Ont 200s  00 

W.  G.  McFarlane,  B.A Claremont,   Ont 10  00 

R.  W.  Angus,  B.A.Sc Toronto,  Ont 10  00 

E.  Simpson,  B.A jMooresville1,   Ont 10  00 

R.  M.  Stewart,  B.A Sandringham,  Ont 10  00 

D.  Forsyth,   B.A Berlin,   Ont 25  00 

Professor  J.  A.  Amyot Toronto,    Ont 2i2  50 

Professor  J.  F.  McCurdy Toronto,    Ont 100  00 

Professor  T.   R.   Rosebrough    Toronto,    Ont 25  00 

W.  G.  Eakins,  B.A Toronto,  Ont 50  00 

P.  H.  Bryce,  M.A.,  M.D Bracondale.  Ont 50  00 

Professor  F.  N.  G.  Starr Toronto,    Ont 50  00 

Professor  G.  R.  McDonagh   Toronto,    Ont 50  00 

David  Clapp,  B.A Harriston,   Ont   5  00 

W.  J.  McCollum,  M.B Toronto,  Ont 10  00 

Miss  E.  M.  Balmer,  B.A Toronto,    Ont 5  00 


CONVOCATION  HALL  FUND.  20ff 

E.  P.  Davis.  B.A Vancouver,  B.C 100  00 

R.  I.  Warner,  B.A St.  Thomas,  Ont 10  00 

Wm.  Goldie,  M.B Toronto,    Ont 50  00 

A.   G.   Morphy,   B.A Lachine,    Que 20  00 

A.  G.   Lefroy,  B.A Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

R.  S.  Cassels,  B.A Toronto,  Ont 25  00 

Robt.    Smillie,   B.A Bluevale.    Ont 5  00 

W.  T.  Green.  B.A Ellesmere,    ont 5  00 

R.  J.  Hamilton,  B.A Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

D.  S.  Cranston,  B.A Caledon  East   5  00 

W.    K.    Stewart,   B.A Hanover,    N.H 20  00 

Miss  E.  R.  Laird.  B.A South  Hadley,  Mass 10  00 

T.  L.  Buckton,  B.A Phrenix,  B.  C 25  00 

R.  J.  Clarke,  B.A 104  Avenue  Road,  Toronto 25  00 

W.  Elmslie,  B.A Arthur,  Ont 10  00 

R.    D.    Hume,    B.A Toronto,  Ont 10  00 

B.  A.    Simpson,    B.A Sault  Ste.  Marie,  Ont 15  00 

E.  M.  Walker,  B.A Toronto,    Ont 5  00 

R.   Shiell,   B.A Toronto,    Ont 2500 

G.  A.  Ferguson,  B.A Queenston,  Ont 4  00 

A.    E.    Ames    Toronto,    Ont.    : 1,000  00 

F.  A.  Carman,  B.A Toronto',    Ont 10  00 

Miss  E.  R.  McMichael,  B.A Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

Rev.  H.  J.  Cody,  M.A Toronto,  Ont 20  00 

J.   Ferguson    Toronto,    Ont 25  i>0 

Professor  W.   B.   Thistle   Toronto,    Ont 50  00 

Sir   Oliver   Mowat    Toronto,  Ont.  200  00 

C.  M.  Carson,  B.A Toronto,    Ont 20  00 

W.  C.  Bray,  B.A Leipzig,  Ger 5  00 

F.  H.   Broder,  B.A Winnipeg.  Man 5  00 

A.  R.  Cochrane,  B.A Toronto,    Ont.    5  00 

W.    A.    Craick,    B.A Port-  Hope,  Ont 5  00 

A.  E.  Hamilton,  B.A Toronto,    Ont 5  00> 

H.    Lang,    B.A Eagle,    Ont 5  00 

F.  .A.  McDiajmid   Ottawa,  Ont 5  00 

G.  F.  McFarland,  B.A Toronto,    Ont 5  00 

T.  N.  Phelan,  B.A C'Sullivan's  Corners 5  00 

F.  R.   Phipps,  B.A Toronto,  Ont 5  00 

G.  E.  Smith,  B.A Toronto,  Ont 5  00 

J.  A.  Soule,  B.A • Niagara  Falls,  Ont 5  00 

G.  A.  fi  nompson,  B.A St.   Mary's,  Ont. 5  00 

H.  T.  Wallace,  B.A Hamilton.   Ont 5  00 

R.  J.  Younge,  B.A.  Toronto,  Ont 5  00 

Professor    A.    Primrose    Toronto,    Ont 200  00 

Miss  E.  E.  Scott,  B.A Brampton,    Ont 10  00 

R.    Wightman,    B.A Paris,    Ont 2  50 

A.  A.   Knox,  M.  B St.  Mary's.  Ont 5  00 

Sir  J.  A.  Boyd    Toronto,    Ont 100  00 

F.  H.  Wallace,  B.A Toronto,  Ont 20  00 

C.   E.   Race,  B.A Cobourg,   Ont 10  00 

T.  Langton,  B.A Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

Hon.  J.   M.  Gibson    Hamilton,  Ont 100  00 

Wm.   Pakenham,  B.A Toronto,    Ont.    100  00s 

A.  B.  Watt,  B.A Woodstock,  Ont 6  00 

J.  W.  Forbes,  B.A Weston,  Ont 15  00 

J.   Montgomery,   B.A Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

J.  A.  Martin,  B.A Toronto,    Ont 5  00 

E.  R.  Paterson,  B.A Toronto,    Ont 5  v>o 

W.  H.  F.  Addison.  B.A Toronto,    Ont 5  Oft 

Professor  W.  H.  Ellis   Toronto.  Ont.  50  00 


210  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY. 

Hon.  Sir  Wm.  Meredith   Toronto,    Ont 250  00 

Hon.  Chief  Jusuce  Moss  Toronto,  Ont 250  00 

N.  McNish,  B.A Cornwall,  Ont 20  00 

Miss  A.  G.  Rowsom Guelph,    Ont 5  00 

A.  W.  Connor,  B.A Hamilton,   Ont 10  00 

Kerr,  Davidson,  Patterson  &  Grant. . .  Toronto,  Ont 100  00 

Wm.   Mortimer  Clark    Toronto,    Ont 50  00 

D.  McKay,  B.A Alexandria,    Ont 40  w 

F.  F.  Macpherson,  B.  A Hamilton,   Ont 25  00 

J.  H.  Moss,  B.A Toronto,  Ont 40  00 

W.  H.  McNairn,  B.A Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

E.  W.  Mackenzie,  B.A Gait,   Ont 5  00 

G.  S.   Hodgson,  B.A Toronto,   Ont 5  00 

E.  A.  Coffin,  B.A Worcester,  Mass 5  00 

R.  B.  Cochrane,  B.A Toronto,   Ont 5  00 

A.  L.  Chipman,  B.  A Berwick,    N.S 5  00 

A.  R.  Gordon,  |M.B Toronto,    Ont 50  00 

Professor   Fletcher    Toronto,    Ont 100  00 

J.  Crerar,  B.A Melita,  Man 25  00 

W.  H.  Blake,  B.A Toronto,    Ont 50  00 

J.  S.  Carstairs,  B.A Toronto,    Ont 20  00 

F.  M.  Chapman,  B.A Pickering,    Ont 10  00 

J.  A.  Cooper,  B.A Toronto,  Ont 50  00 

J.  H.  Cornyn,  B.A Mexico    City    50  00 

Mrs.  E.  R.  Firth,  B.A Pickering,    Ont 10  00 

Miss  Julia  S.  Hillock,  B.A Toronto,    Ont 25  00 

E.  R.  Hooper,  B.A.,  M.B ., Toronto,  Ont '. 15  00 

W.  O.  McTaggart,  B.A Toronto,   Ont 20  00 

Miss    C.    Ross,    B.A Toronto,    Ont 10  mj 

F.  J.  Smale,  B.A.,  Ph.D Toronto,    Ont 100  00 

J.  H.  Tennant,  B.A Toronto,    Ont. 5000 

J.  A.  Tucker Toronto,  Ont 10  00 

J.  W.  Wheaton,  B.A > Toronto,  Ont 20  00 

S.  C.  Wood,  Jr.,  B.A Toronto,    Ont 25  00 

R.  W.  Woodroof e,  B.A London,   Ont.    10  00 

C.   I.    Gould,   B.A Cobourg,   Ont 500 

Miss  A.  M.  Gall,  B.A Toronto,  Ont lo  00 

H.  S.  Macmillan,  B.A Ottawa,  Ont 10  00 

S.  H.  Westman,  M.B Toronto,  Ont 25  00 

A.  H.  Abbott,  B.A Toronto,  Ont 50  00 

T.  B.  Futcher,  M.B Baltimore,  Md 100  00 

W.  D.  Ferris,  M.B Shallow  Lake1,  Ont 5  00 

C.  Y.  Moore,  M.B Brampton,  Ont 25  00 

W.  A.  Kirkwood,  B.A St.  Catharines,  Ont 20  00 

A.  H.   Young,   B.A Toronto,  Ont 13  00 

J.  A.  Ferguson,  B.A Toronto,  Ont.   10  00 

J.  T.  Jackson,  B.A. Toronto  Junction,  Ont 10  00 

Miss   N.   Spence,   B.A Toronto,  Ont 10  00 

Rer.  M.  V.  Kelly,  B.A Owen  Sound,  Ont 10  00 

Rev.  N.  H.  Russell,  B.A Mhow,    India    10  00 

J.  D.  Dickson,  B.A Niagara    Falls,    Ont 5  00 

J.  R.  Hamilton,  B.A Brantford,    Ont 10  00 

H.  M.    Miller,   M.B Taunton,    Mass 1000 

F.   C.   Wade,   B.   A Winnipeg,    Man 250  00 

T.  C.  Des  Barres,  B.A Ketteringham,   Eng 10  uO 

Wm.   Douglas,   M.B Puyallup,  Wash 20  00 

W.  F.  B.  Wakefield,  M.B San  Francisco,  Cal 100  00 

T.  McCrae,  B.A.,  M.B Baltimore,   Md 40  00 

.S.  E.  Fleming,  M.B Sault   Ste.   Marie,    Ont 50  00 

F.  G.  Grosett,  M.B Port  Antonio,  Jamaica 25  00 


CONVOCATION  HALL  FUND.  211 

J.   N.   McKendrick   Gait,  Ont 20  00 

F.  Martin,  M.B Dundalk,   Ont 10  00 

T.  S.  Cullen,  M.B Baltimore,  Md 50  0» 

W.  J.  Wilson,  B.A Toronto,  Ont 20  00 

A.    MacKinnon,   M.B Guelph,    Ont 50  00 

Geo.  Buchanan,  M.B Zurich,  Ont 10  00 

G.  Pringle.  B.A Hunker,  Y.T 10  00 

Rev.  J.  Bailey,  B.A Camlachie,   Ont 10  00 

Miss  Janie  S.  Hillock,  B.A Toronto,  Ont 5  00 

A.  E.  Wickens,  B.A Hamilton,  Ont 20  00 

Wm.  Houston,  M.A. Toronto,  Ont 50  00 

Miss  E.  M.  Curzon,  B.A Toronto,    Ont. 25  00 

H.  J.   Crawford,  B.A Toronto,  Ont 50  00 

Miss  L.   Darling,  B.A Schenectady,   N.Y 1  00 

J.  L.  Counsell,  B.A Hamilton,  Ont 100  00 

Z.  A.  Lash,  K.C Toronto,  Ont 250  00 

D.  Armour,  B.A Montreal,  Que.  10  00 

N.  M.  Lash  Montreal,    Que 10  00 

E.  W.  Beatty,  B.A Montreal,    Que 10  00 

V.  J.  Hughes,  B.A.,  LL.B Montreal,  Que 5  00 

J.   D.  Falconbridge,  M.A Toronto,    Ont 20  00 

W.  G.  Browne1,  B.A Montreal,    Que 50  00 

Professor  J.  McG.  Young  Toronto,  Ont 100  00 

W.  Harley  Smith,  B.A.,  M.B Toronto,    Ont.    *6  00 

T.  Mulvey,  B.A Toronto,  Ont 50  00 

T.   C.  Robinette.   ^..A.,  LL.B Toronto.    Ont 100  00 

E.  G.  Rykert,  B.A Montreal,   Que 100  00 

A.  M.  Dewar,  B.A Montreal,    Que fO  00 

C.  McQuesten  Montreal,    Que 10  00 

Rev.  J.  MacKay,  B.A Montreal,  Que 50  00 

G.  W.  Holmes,  B.A.  Toronto,   Ont 50  00 

Professor  H.  A.  Bruce Toronto,    Ont 200  00 

Miss  E.  G.  Flavelle,  B.A Lindsay,    Ont 10  00 

G.  W.  Ross,  Jr.,  M.A.    Toronto,    Ont 25  00 

J.  Herbert  Mason   Toronto,  Ont 100  00 

A.  Hamilton,  M.A.,  M.B Toronto,    Ont 40  00 

M.  C.  Cameron,  B.A Toronto,  Ont 15  00 

T.  A.  Russell,  B.A Toronto,  Ont 100  00 

H.   I.   Strang,   B.A Goderich,  Ont 20  00 

G.  S.  Hanes   Windsor,  Ont 10  00 

F.  E.  Perrin  and  J.  M.  McEvoy,  B.A. .  -London,  Ont 25  00 

H.  E.  Buchan,  M.A.,  M.D London,   Ont.    25  00 

T.  Macbeth,  B.A London'   Ont 2i5  00 

F.  P.  Betts,  B.A London,  Ont 25  00 

F.  W.  C.  McCutcheon,  B.A London,  Ont 10  00 

F.  E.  Perrin,  B.A London,  Ont 10  00 

E.  E.   Reid,  B.A London,  Ont, 10  00 

W.  A.  Stratton,  B.A London,  Ont, 10  00 

J.  M.  Gunn,  B.A London,  Ont 5  00 

E.  T.  Essery,  LL.B London,    Ont 5  00 

W.  E.  Douglas,  B.A Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

J.  C.  Breckenridge,  B.A Toronto,    Ont 25  00 

B.  E.  Walker  Toronto,  Ont 200  00 

Alex.  Carlyle,  B.A. " 30   Newbattle  Terrace,  Edin- 
burgh    100  00 

Professor  J.  C.  McLennan   University  of  Toronto 100  00 

E.  R.  Wood   Toronto,  Ont 250  00 

F.  Nicholls    Toronto,  Ont 500  00 

Col.  H.  M.  Pellatt  Toronto,    Ont 500  00 

H.  C.  Hammond Toronto,  Ont.   250  00 


212  UNIVERSITY  OF  TOEOXTO  MONTHLY. 

E.  W.  Cox Toronto,    Out 100  00 

F.  W.  Baillie   Toronto,  Ont.   100  00 

E.  D.   Fraser    Toronto,  Ont 50  00 

H.  R.  Tudhope   Toronto,  Ont 25  00 

W.  Morrison  Hamilton,   Ont 10  00 

S.  T.  Blackwood   Toronto,    Ont 50  00 

J.  D.  Swanson,  B.A Kamloops,  B.C 25  66 

E.   B.  Edwards,  M.A Peterborougn,    Ont 50  00 

J.  H.  Burnham,  M.A Peterborough,    Ont 25  00 

D.  Walker,  B.A Peterborough,  Ont 10  00 

W.  T.  Harrison,  M.B Keene,  Ont 25  00 

C.  S.  Macdonald,  M.A Toronto,    Ont 25  00 

R.  B.  Thomson,  B.A Toronto,    Ont 25  00 

J.  L.  .McDougall.  Jr.,  B.A Ottawa,  Ont 20  00 

R.  V.  LeSueur,  B.A Toronto,  Ont 10  00 

J.  H.  Faull,  B.A Toronto,  Ont 25  00 

R.  S.  Waldie,  B.A Toronto,    Ont 50  00 

A.  P.  Choate   Toronto,  Ont 50  00 

J.  F.  Junkin  Toronto,  Ont 50  00 

G.  N.  Morang Toronto,    Ont 100  uO 

G.  A.  Case Toronto,    Ont 50  00 

R.  S.  Jenkins,  B.A Trinity  Coll..  Toronto,  Ont 25  00 

Miss  M.  J.  Dwyer Toronto,  Ont 10  00 

Miss  M.  E.  G.  Waddell Orono,  Ont 10  00 

Miss  N.  Sutherland Toronto,  Ont 10  00 

B.  A.  Bensley,  Ph.D Toronto,  Ont 50  00 

JEmilius  Jarvis  &  Co Toronto,    Ont 50  00 

J.  Hqskin,  LL.D Toronto,  Ont 250  00 

E.  N.  Armour,  B.A Toronto,  Ont 10  00 

D.  W.  Bumble,  B.A Peterborough,    Ont 26  uO 

J.  J.  Foy,  LL.D Toronto,    Ont 50  00 

W.  J.  Francis,  C.E Peterborough,  Ont 10  Ot) 

J.  W.  Garvin,  B.A Detroit,  Mich 20  00 

H.    L.   Jordan,   B.A Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

J.  R.  Meredith,  B.A Toronto,    Ont 5  00 

M.  A.  Morrison,  D.D.S T  .  .Peterborough,  Ont 10  00 

John  Penman    Paris.   Ont 100  00 

W.  D.  Scott,  B.A.,  ,M.D Peterborough,    Ont 20  00 

J.  Ross,  B.A Toronto,  Ont 50  00 

I.  Standish,  LL.B Toronto,  Ont 50  00 

R.  A.  Smith  Toronto,    Ont 100  00 

W.  A.  McFall,  M.B Peterborough,   Ont 5  00 

H.  T.  Machell.  M.D i Toronto,  Ont 50  00 

H.  G.  Wallace  Toronto   20  00 

J.  Blue Knox  Coll.,  Toronto 10  00 

Chancellor  Burwash   Toronto,  Ont 200  00 

Estate  of  Hart  A.  Massey Toronto,  Ont 5,000'  00 

Miss  M.  McGill Ottawa,    Ont 10  00 

H.  A.  Little,  B.A.,  LL.B Woodstock,  Ont 25  00 

W.  A.  Parks,  Ph.D Toronto,  Ont 25  00 

A.  H.  Rolph,  B.A Toronto,    Ont 5  00 

Lennox  &  Addington  Donation 14  10 

Professor  and  Mrs.  Goldwin  Smith   .  .Toronto.  Ont 2,000  00 

Proceeds  Saturday  Lectures  1901,  1902,  1903   306  00 

H.  T.  Hunter   Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

H.  C.  Parsons   Toronto,  Ont 10  00 

H.  M.  Darling Schenectady,  N.Y 15  00 

W.  W.  Livingston Listowel    Ont 50  00 

H.  D.  Hill St.  Thomas.  Ont 10  00 

J.  G.  Gibson  . .  Hamilton,  Ont 10  00 


CONVOCATION  HALL  FUND.  213 

F.  G.  Killmaster  Port  Rowan,  Ont 10  00 

W.  F.  Kingston Toronto,  Ont 15  00 

C.  E.  Clarke  Toronto,  Ont 10  00 

C.    H.    Armstrong    Campbellford,    Ont 25  00 

J.  A.  McEvoy L'Orignal,  Ont 20  00 

W.   E.  Dixon    Milton,   Ont 10  00 

J.  W.  Sutherland London,  Ont 10  00 

T.  W.  Graham Toronto.  Ont.  10  00 

.M.  McDougall  Ottawa,  Ont 10  00 

A.  Cohen Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

I.  N.  Loeser  Cleveland,  Ohio  10  00 

A.  E.  Honeywell  Mosgrove,  Ont 10  00 

A.  G.  Brown  Caledonia,  Ont 10  00 

Miss  L.  B.  Johnson Strathroy,  Ont 10  00 

S.    Spencer    Collingwood,   Ont 10  00 

S.  C.  Snively   Toronto,    Ont 20  00 

R.  A.  Daly   Napanee.  Ont 10  00 

H.  S.  Sprague   Belleville,   Ont 10  00 

F.  S.  Bowling   Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

R.  E.  Davidson  Beachburg.   Ont 10  00 

W.  S.  Wallace Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

L.    Buchanan    Kaslo.    B.C 10  00 

J.  O.  Carlisle  Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

H.  R.  Pickup   Elizabethville,  Ont.    10  00 

A.   Willinsky   Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

E.  D.  Warren   Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

F.  A.    Reid    Toronto,    Ont i  10  00 

G.  R.  Jackson   Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

H.  D.  Scully  Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

J.  MacLachlan,  jr Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

J.  C.  Paulin   Chesley,  Ont 10  00 

J.   M.   Laird    Clinton,    Ont 10  00 

F.  B.  Kirby   Toronto,    Ont 5  00 

L.  J.  Solway  Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

W.  J.  A.  Tytler Guelph,    Ont 15  00 

W.   D.   Cruikshank    Hamilton,   Ont 10  00 

C.  E.  Freeman  Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

P.  L.  Fraser Winchester,  Ont 10  00 

A.  A .   Ingram   St.  Thomas,  Ont 10  00 

R.  W.  Hart  Toronto,  Ont 10  00 

H.  J.  E.  Keys  Toronto,    Ont.    10  00 

G.  Shearer    Bright,  Ont.   • 10  00 

H.  M.  Allan   Perth,  Ont 10  00 

G.  B.  Mont  Cornwall,    Ont 10  00 

H.  J.  Larkin    Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

W.  H.  Henderson  Rockton,  Ont 

J.  A.  Clark  Dundas,   Ont 1°  °° 

G.    Thompson    Toronto,  Ont.   10  ( 

J .   E.  Gibson  Wycliffe  College,  Toronto 10  Oi 

J.    Lang    Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

F.  C.  Harrison   Toronto,   Ont 10  00 

C.    Lazenby    Toronto,   Ont 

J.  R.  G.  Murray  Toronto,  Ont 10  00 

A.  T.  Davidson   Toronto,    Ont 20  00 

N.  V.  Leslie  Hamilton,   Ont 20  00 

J.  F.  Lash  Toronto,   Ont 20  00 

H.   D.  Gooderham   Toronto,    Ont 20  00 

R.  H.  Paterson  Hamilton,  Ont 10  00 

A.  P.  Linton  Gait,   Ont 10  00 

L,.   D.   Young    Toronto,    Ont 10  00 


214  UNIVERSITY  OF  TOKONTO  MONTHLY. 

K.  G.  Ross   Toronto,    Ont 20  00 

I.   R.   Bell    Owen  Sound,  Ont 10  00 

W.  E.  Chappie  Rat  Portage,  Ont 10  00 

J.  H.  Lawson  Brampton,    Ont 10  00 

C.  E.  Anderson  Oil  Springs,  Ont 10  00 

L.  B.  Robertson  Toronto,   Ont 10  00 

R.  B.  Francis Elora,    Ont 10  00 

W.  H.  Odell,  jr Belmont,  Ont 5  00 

W.  H.  Day   Powles'  Corners,  Ont 15  00 

J.  L.  Schelter Hamilton,   Ont 15  00 

F.  R.  Miller  Toronto,  Ont 10  00 

W.  M.  Treadgold Brampton,    Ont 10  00 

H.  L.  Hoyles,  Toronto,   Ont 10  00 

W.  G.  Doidge   Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

A.  W.  Morris  Algonac,  Mich 10  00 

S.  B.  Chadsey Wellington,    Ont 10  00 

C.  J.  Allan   Guelph,    Ont 10  00 

W.  M.  Wilkie  Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

G.  A.  McGiffin  Toronto,    Ont 20  00 

L.  K.  File Ameliasburg,  Ont 10  00 

H.  L.  Kerr   Woodstock,  Ont 10  00 

A.  Thomson  Owen  Sound,  Ont 10  00 

W.  N.  Sexsmith   Glencoe,    Ont 10  00 

J.  C.  Ross  Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

W.  L.  Sprung   Hilton,  Ont.    10  00 

A.    Thomson    Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

F.  R.  Munro  Auburn,   Ont 10  00 

J.  D.  Loudon  Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

J.  G.  Lorriman Thorold,  Ont 10  00 

T.  A.  Fawcett Toronto,  Ont 10  00 

A.  G.  Ross   Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

I.  S.  Fairty Toronto,   Ont 10  00 

A.  D.  Wilson  Dundas,   Ont 10  00 

E.   T.   Hayes    Beeton,    Ont 1000 

E.  C.  Dickson   Orillia,  Ont 10  00 

J.  W.  Emery   New  Sarum,  Ont 10  00 

A.   P.   Gundry   Aylmer,   Ont 10  00 

G.  W.  McKee  Oldcastle,    Ont. 1000 

W.  H.  Collins   Toronto,  Ont 10  00 

L.  C.  Coleman  Spokane,  Wash 10  00 

S.  Dushman    Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

W.  R.  Williams   * Clandeboye,  Ont 10  00 

S.    E.    Moore    Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

J.  A.  Sharrard       Uxbridge,   Ont 10  00 

H.  G.  O'Leary  Lindsay,  Ont   10  00 

H.  F.  i>awes  Woodstock,  Ont 10  00 

W.   Scott    Strathroy,  Ont 10  00" 

J.  B.  McFarlane1  Claremont,   Ont 10  00 

D.  S.  Dix  : . .  Woodbridge,    Ont 5  00 

W.  L.  Williman  Knox  Coll.,  Toronto,  Ont 10  00 

E.  A.  Mclntyre Wycliffe  Coll.,  Toronto,   Ont.  1000 

J.  B.  Paulin  Knox  College,  Toronto   5  00 

W.  A.  Mactaggart Knox  College,  Toronto   5  00 

D.  C.  MacGregor   Knox  College,  Toronto   10  00 

W.  R.  Taylor   Port  Dover,  Ont 10  00 

W.  H.  Andrews  Toronto,    Ont , 10  00. 

A.  B.  Hogg Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

A.   Foulds,   jr Toronto,    Ont 15  00 

J.  J.  Creelman   Montreal,    Que 20  (TO 

G.  R.  Elliott    London,    Ont 10  00 


CONVOCATION  HALL  FUND.  215 

S.  J.  Lloyd   Hamilton,  Ont 10  00 

L.    Gilchrist    Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

P.    Taylor    Knox  College,  Toronto    10  00 

J.  A.   Smith    Harriston    10  00- 

J.  G.  Workman  Lindsay,    Ont 10  00 

V.  Woodland    Ottawa,    Ont 10  00 

W.   A.   Wallis    Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

H.  B.  Guest    Goderich,    Ont 10  00 

A.  G.  Davidson   Avonton,  Ont 10  0*0 

G.  W.  Ballard   Hamilton,   Ont.    10  00 

J.   W.   Mather    Weston,  Ont 5  00 

W.  G.  James   Wycliffe  College,  Toronto    ...  5  00 

T.  L.  Goldie  Guelph,    Ont 25  00 

J.  D.  Hull  : . . . .  Wycliffe  College,  Toronto  ....  10  00 

Miss  H.  M.  Latter  Doncaster,  Ont 5  00 

Miss  D.  C.  Neff  Ingersoll,    Ont 10  00 

Miss  J.  M.  Neilson   Calgary,  Alta 10  00 

Miss  N.  M.  Thomson Owen  Sound,  Ont. 10  00 

Miss  M.  L.  Menten   Forest,   Ont 10  00 

Miss  D.  M.  Crampton  Windsor,   Ont 10  00 

Miss  M.   E.   Tate    Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

Miss  A.  I.  Kerr  Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

Miss  D.   J.   Cooke    Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

Miss  C.  W.  Morrish   Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

Miss  A.  B.  Rankin   Toronto,    Ont. 10  00 

S.    Grosch    Milverton,  Ont 5  00 

T.  B.  McQuesten   Hamilton,   Ont 10  00 

W.  J.  K.  Vanston   Sarnia,   Ont 10  00 

A.   C.   Snively    Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

W.  H.  Vance  Wycliffe  College,  Toronto 10  00 

E.  Hardy  Toronto,    Ont '. .  10  00 

L.  A.  Eedy  St.  Thomas,  Ont 10  00 

G.  T.  Clark Campbellford,    Ont 10  00 

G.    P.    Bryce    Bracondale,   Ont 10  00 

T.  D.  Park  Banks,    Ont 10  00 

F.  C.  Overend   Empire,   Ont 10  00 

G.  F.  Scott  Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

H.   E.   Collins    St.  Catharines,  Ont 10  00 

W.  F.  McPhedran  Toronto,   Ont 20  00 

V.  H.  Williams  Farnham,    Que 15  00 

E.  M.  Henderson Toronto,   Ont 15  00 

W.  J.  McKay  Petrolea,   Ont 15  00 

A.   M.   Dallas    Thedford,  Ont 15  00 

J.  C.  Sherry  Norwood,    Ont.    15  00 

D.  H.  C.  Mason  Toronto,    Ont 15  00 

Miss  M.  T.  Cowan  Drumbo,    Ont 10  00 

Miss  M.  E.  Scott Brantford,  Ont 10  00 

Miss  E.  C.  Egbert  Milverton,    Ont 10  00 

Miss  N.   Stephenson   Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

Miss   G.   Colborne1    Goderich,    Ont 10  00 

Miss  L.  M.  Carpenter  Collingwood,   Ont 10  00 

Miss  C.  M.  Pentecost  Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

Miss  L.  E.  Newman  St.  Catharines,  Ont 10  00 

Miss  M.  O.  Buchanan  Toronto,   Ont 10  00 

^Miss  G.  Carruthers  Avening,   Ont 10  00 

J.  D.  Munro Kagawong,  Ont 10  00 

L.  M.  Rathbun   Deseronto,    Ont.    10  00 

J.   F.   Boland    Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

J.   S.  Thompson   Picton,    Ont 10  00 

D.  J.  Cowan  Drumbo,   Ont 10  00 


216  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY. 

H.  R.  Bray  Nanaimo,  B.C 10  00 

W.    D.    McDonald    Riversdale,   Ont 10  00 

R.  R.  Waddell  Orono,    Ont 10  00 

N.  D.  Maclean  Guelph,    Ont 10  00 

W.  W.  Hutton  Windsor,    Ont 10  00 

F.  T.  Watt Guelph,    Ont 10  00 

C.  G.  Heyd   Brantford,    Ont 10  00 

T.   A.   Phillips    Arthur,  Ont 10  00 

R.  C.  Reade   Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

M.   H.   Jackson    Cottam,   Ont 10  00 

A.  L.  Bitzer  Berlin,   Ont 10  00 

A.  M.  Manson   Kilmartin,  Ont 10  00 

H.  P.  Cooke  Uxbridge,   Ont 10  00 

E.  H.   Gurney    Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

D.  Matheson    Armow,   Ont 10'  00 

R.  B.   Stewart   St.  Thomas,  Ont 10  00 

W.   A.   Beal    Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

F.  H.  Hopkins    Wycliffe  College,  Toronto 10  00 

W.  E.  B.  Moore Toronto,   Ont 10  00 

A.  G.  McKay   Lucknow,    Ont 10  00 

A.  N.  McEvoy   Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

J.  W.  Currie  Nottawa,   Ont 10  00 

A.  C.  Stewart   Cobourg,   Ont 10  00 

R.  L.  Harrison   Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

L.  G.   Miller   ; Greenbank,    Ont 10  00 

G.  B.  Balfour Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

E.  A.  Lucas   Kaslo,    B.C 10  00 

E.  J.   Archibald    Clinton,   Ont 10  00 

C.  L.  Bilkey  Toronto,  Ont 10  00 

G.  D.  Conant Oshawa,  Ont 10  00 

D.  A.  Campbell  Toronto  Junction,  Ont 10  00 

A.   G.  Portch   Toronto,  Ont 10  00 

W.  R.  Lane   Kinlough,   Ont 10  00 

J.  W.  Gordon Rockwood,    Ont 10  00 

D.  A.  ,Macdonald   Hamilton,    Ont 10  OX) 

A.  H.  Sovereign Wycliffe  College,  Toronto  10  00 

L.  A.  Wood    London,  Ont 10  00 

J.   A.   Stewart    Kincardine,   Ont 10  00 

H.  W.  Thomson  Owen  Sound,  Ont 10  00 

R.  E.  Hore   Toronto,    Ont 5  00 

Miss  I.  Elliott   Toronto,    Ont 5  00 

N.   B.   Stark    Toronto,  Ont 5  06 

J.    McCarthy    Hastings,    Ont 5  00 

S.  A.  Cudmore Toronto,    Ont 5  00 

C.  A.  French  Mt.  Albert,  Ont 5  00 

J.  N.  Black  Fergus,   Ont 5  00 

Miss  B.  G.  Sellery  Kincardine,   Ont 2  00 

*G.   P.   Hamilton    228  Cottingham  St.,  Toronto. .  86  00 

*This  sum  was  collected  from 

J.  L.  Blaikie   Toronto 25  00 

J.  K.  Macdonald  Toronto    10  00 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  G.  H.  Wood Toronto    25  00 

W.  McCabe   Toronto    25  00 

J.  A.  Jackson   Toronto    1  00 

A.  M.  Harley  Brantford,    Ont. 2  00 

F.  F.  Treleaven   Toronto,   Ont 5  00 

S.   G.  Mills    Toronto,    Ont 5  00 

F.  W.  Langford   Granton,   Ont 5  00 

E.  W.  Morgan  Omemee,   Ont 5  00 

J.  S.  Bennett  Toronto,  Ont 5  00 


CONVOCATION"  HALL  FUND.  217 

H.  D.  Robertson  Morrisburg,   Ont 5  00 

H.  H.  Cragg » Brighton.    Ont 5  00 

J.   W.   Miller    Wilfrid,   Ont 5  00 

W.  K.  Allen  Burlington,    Ont ,  5  00 

J.  Wells   Teviotdale,   Ont 5  00 

H.  H.  Cummer    Hamilton,    Ont 5  00 

J.  C.  Callaghan  Hamilton,   Ont 5  00 

W.  P.  Near  St.  Mary's,  Ont 10  00 

W.  A.  Walden  Maple  Grove,  Ont 10  00 

W.  G.  McBlhanney   Kincardine,    Ont 10  00 

F.  L.  Farewell.  B.A Drayton,    Ont 10  00 

A.  N.  St.  John,  B.A Sunderland,   Ont 10  Ofi 

R.    Knight     Bruce  Mines,  Ont 10  00 

W.    Christie    Chesley,    Ont 10  00 

C.  M.  Teasdale   Concord,    Ont 10  00 

^VI.  T.  Culbert   London,   Ont 10  00 

W.  J.  Blair Embro,  Ont 10  00 

D.  Sinclair Cheltenham,    Ont 10  00 

Stanislas  Gagne Alma,  Lake!  St.  John,  Que 10  00 

G.  G.   Powell    Toronto,    Ont 5  00 

W.  P.  Brereton Bethany,   Ont 10  00 

H.  V.  Connor  Sarginson,  Ont 1 0  O'J 

H.  D.  Robertson  Walkerton,  Ont 10  00 

P.   Mathison    : Union,    Ont 10  00 

H.  Zahn  Toronto,    Ont.    10  00 

W.  G.  Chace St.  Catharines,  Ont 10  00 

J.  F.  S.  Madden   Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

W.  H.   Sutherland   Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

A.  E.  Gibson   Ingersoll,    Ont 5  00 

F.   S.   Hull    Victoria,    B.C 5  00 

S.  W.  Eakins  Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

W.  A.  Gifford    Clinton,  Ont 5  00 

J.  W.  Cantelon   Streetsville,    Ont 10  00 

R.   Pearson    Ethel,    Ont 6  00 

W.  J.  Larkworthy  Mitchell,    Ont 10  00 

F.   G.   Marriott    Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

J.   B.  Challies    Winchester,   Ont '10  00 

H.  J.  McAuslan  Heathcote,    Ont 10  00 

A.    L.    McNaughton    Cornwall,    Ont 10  00 

E.  W.  Oliver Toronto,  Ont 10  00 

D.  F.  Robertson   Toronto,  Ont 10  00 

F.  H.  White  , London,    Ont 10  00 

N.  D.  Wilson  Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

A.  E.  Davison  Prescott.    Ont 10  00 

D.  H.  Pinkney Morriston,  Ont 10  00 

J.  A.  Beatty  Fergus,  Ont 10  00 

S.  L.  Trees  Toronto,  Ont 10  uO 

C    R.  Young Picton,   Ont 10  00 

W.  A.  Gourlay    Toronto.    Ont.    10  00 

J.   A.    Whelihan    St.  Mary's.  Ont 10  00 

F.  A.  Moore   Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

H.  L.  Seymour Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

P.    Gillespie    Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

E.  E.  Mullins  Toronto,    Ont 5  00 

J.  G.  Jackson    London,  Ont 5  00 

J.  Breslove   Toronto.   Ont 

R.  E.  George   Port  Elgin,  Ont 5  00 

F.  D.  Henderson   Crathie.   Ont 5  00 

F.    A.   Gaby    Toronto,    Ont 5  00 

L.  D.  Hara  Merritton,  Ont 5  90 


218  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY. 

U.    Christie    Chesley,  Ont 10  00 

A.  J.  Campbell   Collingwt>od,   Ont 10  00 

D.  A.  Smith  Claude,  Ont 10  00 

W.  B.  Porte  Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

S.  B.  Code Smith  s  Falls,  Ont 10  00 

R .  G.  Weddell  Trenton,    Ont 10  00 

A.  M.  Campbell  Trenton,    Ont 10  00 

G.  G.  McEwen  Moose  Creek,  Ont 10  00 

W.  H.  Young .' Clifford,  Ont 10  00 

F.  W.  Slater    London,   Ont 10  00 

A.  Gray   Port  Credit,  Ont 10  00 

P.  M.  Sauder  Gait,   Ont 10  00 

W.  F.  Wright  Toronto,   Ont 10  00 

T.   D.   Henderson   Acton,  Ont 10  00 

P.  M.  Yeates   London,  Ont 10  00 

H.  S.  South  worth Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

C.  J.  Townsend  Toronto,  Ont 10  00 

R.  J.  Burley   , Regina,    N.W.T 10  00 

C.  J.  Harris   Brantford,  Ont 10  00 

M.  R.  Riddell   Toronto,   Ont 10  00 

W.   S.   Gibson    Toronto,  Ont 10  00 

S.    E.    Thomson    Blenheim,    Ont lu  00 

B.  Tucker Allanburg,   Ont 10  00 

O.   B.   McCuaig   Toronto,   Ont 10  00 

A.  H.  Legge  Jefferson,  Ont.   10  00 

W.  A.  Begg West  Flamborough,  Ont 10  00 

W.   H.   Munro   Peterborough,  Ont 10  00 

W.  W.  Moorhouse  Toronto,  Ont 10  00 

E.  A.  James   Thornhill,  Ont 10  00 

L.  R.  Thomson  Toronto,  Ont 10  00 

G.  Kribs    Hespeler,  Ont 5  00 

W.  E.  Turner Orangeville,   Ont 5  00 

C.  E.  Sisson  Peterborough,  Ont 5  00 

W.   F.   Stubbs    Lakefield,  Ont 5  00 

W.  MacKinnon   Heatherdale,  P.E.I 10  00 

A.  Simpson  Gait,  Ont.    5  00 

L.  E".  Snider  Deseronto,   Ont 5  00 

L.  R.  (Miller Orillia,  Ont 5  00 

J.  Vaughan Toronto,  Ont 5  00 

H.  E.  Phillips Winnipeg,  |Man 5  00 

H.    Millen /St.  Catharines,  Ont 5  00 

G.  G.  Bell  Chesley,  Ont 5  00 

A.  Dillabough    Morrisburg,   Ont 5  00 

L.  P.  Rundle  Goderich,  Ont 5  00 

S.   E.   McGorman    St.  Mary's,  Ont 5  00 

J.  A.  D.  McCurdy  Toronto,  Ont ,  5  00 

F.  S.  Schell Brantford,  Ont 5  00 

L.  W.  Morden Hamilton,  Ont 5  00 

H.  M.  Fletcher   Hamilton,  Ont 5  00 

J.   P.    Charlebois    Toronto,   Ont 5  00 

A.   W.  Dill    Toronto,    Ont 5  00 

F.  F.   Montague   Hamilton,  Ont 5  00 

W.  M.  Cochrane  Toronto,  Ont 5  00 

G.  W.   Ross    Burford,  Ont 5  00 

W.  W.  Wallace1  North  Gower,  Ont 5  00 

N.  L.  Crosby Hebron,  N.S. 5  00 

W.  E.  Wickett Toronto,  Ont 5  00 

L.  C.  McDonald Walton,  Ont 5  00 

G.  W.  A.  Wright  Toronto,    Ont 5  00 

S.  Hett  Sutton  West,  Ont 5  00 


COXVOCATION  HALL  FUXD.  219 

N.  H.  Sturdy   '. Buffalo,  N.Y 5  00 

F.    Alport    Orillia,   Ont 5  00 

J.  H.  N.  Wilkie   Toronto,    Ont 5  v/0 

Vv .    Barber    Toronto,  Ont 5  00 

F.  C.  Downey Toronto,  Ont 5  00 

D.  W.  McKenzie  Lochalsh,  Ont 5  00 

E.  V.  Hughes    Newmarket,   Ont 5  00 

G.  E.  Harrington  Brantford,  Ont 5  00 

W.  J.  ,Moore  Richmond,   Ont 5  00 

J.  J.  Traill    Toronto,    Ont 5  00 

H.   S.   Bates    Merrickvillei,  Ont 5  00 

C.  Hertzberg    Toronto  Junction,  Ont 5  00 

G.  C.  Arnott  Toronto,  Ont 5  00 

F.  R.  Smith Ingersoll,    Ont 5  00 

F.  C.  Broadfoot Seaforth,  Ont 5  00 

S.  Anderson   Windsor,  Ont 5  00 

E.  A.  Greene   Orillia,  Ont 20  uO 

F.  A.  McGiverin  Hamilton,   Ont 10  00 

G.  B.  Reynolds  .".  Toronto,    Ont 5  00 

W.  N.  McLean Erin,  Ont 5  00 

J.  McGregor  Ridgetown,  Ont 5  00 

H.  V.  Serson   Antrim,   Ont 5  00 

J.  E.  Thomson Toronto,    Ont 5  00 

D.  Dunton,  M.D.C.M Paris,   Ont 5  00 

R.  J.  Patton,  Phm.B Paris,   Ont 2  00 

J.  S.  Armitage,  Phm.B \. Paris,    Ont 2  00 

Rev.  F.  E.  Malott,  B.A.,  B.D Hensall,  Ont 5  00 

H.  O.  Asman,  B.A Hamilton,   Ont 4  00 

H.  S.  Brennen,  B.A Hamilton,   Ont 200  00 

J.  Chisholm,   B.A Hamilton,   Ont 200  00 

W.  M.  Logan,  M.A Hamilton,   Ont 20  00 

R.  A.  Thompson,  B.A. Hamilton,  Ont 100  00 

J.  T.  Crawford,  B.A Hamilton,  Ont 20  00 

E.  S.  Mogarth,  B.A .". .  Hamilton,  Ont 20  00 

S.  A.  Morgan,  B.A Hamilton,  Ont 20  00 

J.  Gill,  B.A Hamilton,  Ont 20  00 

T.  H.  A.  Begue,  LL.B. Dundas,   Ont 5  00 

J.  W..  Tyrrell,  C.E Hamilton,   Ont 25  00 

His  Honour  Judge  Snider   Hamilton,   Ont 50  00 

S.  F.  Lazier,  ,M.A.,  LL.B Hamilton,   Ont 100  00 

L.  Lee,  B.A Hamilton,  Ont 20  00 

L.   F.   Stephens,  B.A Hamilton,   Ont 5  00 

W.  N.  Bell,  B.A Paris,   Ont 10  00 

R.  W.   Hedley,  B.A Paris,  Ont 5  00 

Wm.  Burt,  M.iJ Paris,   Ont 25  00 

James  McPherson,  D.D.S Paris,    Ont 2  00 

W.  W.  Patterson,  D.D.S Paris,   Ont 2  00 

Miss  A.  G.  W.  Spence  Toronto,   Ont 5  00 

Miss  E.  C.  Dwight  Toronto    5  00 

Miss  M.  A.  McLaughlin Toronto    5  00 

Miss  M.  A.  Hamilton  Peterborough,   Ont 5  00 

F.  W.  K.  Harris    Toronto    10  00 

A.  P.  Burwash    Toronto    10  00 

E.  C.  Irvine   St.   Mary's    10  00 

G.  H.  Gray  Toronto    10  00 

A.   L.   Fullerton    Parrsboro',  N.S 5  00 

J.  H.  Wallace   North  Gower,  Ont 10  00 

J.  R.  Davison   Toronto    5  00 

E.  Forster  Brampton,    Ont 10  00 

A.  J.  Brace  Willow-dale,  Ont 20  00 


220  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY. 

Alex.  Ross  Sarnia,  Ont 1 0  00 

Professor  A.  P.  Coleman    Toronto    . . .' 125  00 

S.  Morley  Wickett,  Ph.D Toronto    50  00 

A.  R.  Robinson  Claude,  Ont 10  00 

W.  Beattie  Nesbitt,  B.A.,  M.B Toronto     100  00 

P.  W.  Ellis   Toronto    100  00 

D.  G.    Revell,    B.A Chicago,    111 2  00 

A.  A.  (Magee,  B.A London,  Ont 20  00 

C.  G.   Cowan,  B.A Ottawa,    Ont 10  00 

G.  E.  Wilson Toronto 5  00 

S.  Martin,  B.A St.    Mary's,    Ont 25  00 

G.  C.  Mclntyre   St.  Mary's,  Ont 5  00 

J  A.  Speirs Drumbo,    Ont 5  00 

K.   C.   Cairns    Huntsville,   Ont 5  00 

W.  A.   Hurlburt   Mitchell,   Ont 5  00 

Chas.    McMane    Donegal,    Ont 5  00 

R.  M.  Turner  Thorold,    Ont 5  00* 

W.   S.   Lemon    Aylmer,   Ont 5  00 

W.  C.  Gilday   Toronto    5  00 

G.  I.  Black  Warkworth,   Ont 5  00 

W.    Merritt    Smithville,    Ont 500 

B.  Burwell    Shedden,  Ont 5  00 

A.   P.   Stewart   Toronto 5  Oa 

A.   G.  Wallis    Humber,   Ont 5  00 

A.   M.   Rolls    Mansewood.    Ont 5  00 

F.  H.  Coone  (Manilla,  Ont 5  00 

R.   C.   Lowrey    Toronto    ' 5  00 

W.   H.   Cameron    Arthur,    Ont 5  00 

E.  A.  McDonald    Toronto    5  00 

H.  B.  Coleman   Cookstown,    Ont 5  00 

Jas.   L.   Wilson Toronto    5  00 

L.  H.  Johnston   Mount  Forest,  Ont 5  00> 

C.  B.  Eckel  Pembroke,  Ont 10  00 

F.  W.    Hall    Chatham.  Ont 1000 

W.   J.   O'Hara    Hagersville,   Ont 10  00 

F.  M.  Campbell  Rossland,   B.C 10  00 

T.   T.   McRae    CranbrooK,   Ont 10  00 

M.  E.  Gowland   Zimmerman,    Ont '  10  00 

J.    E.    Knipfel    Elora 10  00 

D.  L.  Graham   Ivan,   Ont • 10  00 

D.  D.    McFadyen    Toronto 10  00 

D.   F.   McKinley    Rnltnn,  Ont 1 0  00' 

W.  E.  McKinley  Bolton,    Ont 10  00 

F.  J.  Weidenhammer,  B.A Waterloo.    Ont.    10  00 

M.  H.  V.  Cameron   Woodstock,    Ont 10  00 

F.  B.    Mowbray     Thamesville,    Ont 10  00 

H.   M.   Cooke    Essex,    Ont 10  00 

G.  D.    McLean    Woodbridge.    Ont 10  00 

S.    Traynor Dundalk,   Ont 10  00 

W.    N.    Maines    Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

C.  C.   Schlichter    New   Dundee,    Ont 10  00 

J.  A.  McKenna   Toronto.    Ont 10  00 

D.  F.    McLachlan    Glencoe,    Ont. 10  00 

A.  G.  McPhedran,  B.A Wanstead,    Ont 10  00 

R.    W.    Tisdale    Lynedoch,    Ont 10  00 

J.    C.    Beatty    Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

E.  B.   Hardy    Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

W.    E.    Ogden Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

C.    W.    Murray    Deer  Park,   Ont 10  00 

R.  W.  Maclntyre   Toronto     Ont 10  00 


CONVOCATION  HALL  FUND.  221 

F.  J.    Duller    Toronto.    Ont 1000 

Wm.    H.    Ochs    Hespeler,  Ont 10  00 

J.    S.    Anderson    Wooler.    Ont 10  00 

G.  G.   Little    Windsor.   Ont 10  00 

C.    E.    Spence    Toronto,  Ont 10  00 

E.  F.  Burton,  B.A Toronto.  Ont 20  O'O 

V.  E.  Henderson,  M.A.,  M.B Philadelphia,  Pa. 50  00 

J.   F.    Sadlier    Toronto.    Ont.    10  00 

L.    A.    C.    Panton    Toronto,    Ont 10  00 

Miss   E.   Bell,   B.A Toronto,    Ont 5  00 

G.  W.  Johnston,  Ph.D.  (additional) Toronto    2500 

John  A.  Oille Sparta,  Ont  10  00 

James  L.  Biggar Toronto 5  00 

Norman  K.  Macleod  Toronto   5  00 

Charles  H.  Gilmour   Toronto 10  00 

E.  K.  Cullen   Toronto    5  00 

N.  F.  Sutton    Madoc,  Ont 10  00 

T    Dunlop   White    Brantford,    Ont    10  00 

N.  H.  Sutton  Ida,  Ont 5  00 

F.  A.    Ross Guthrie.  Ont    5  00 

W.  N.  Meldrum . ".  Ayr,  Ont 5  00 

P.  F.  McCue  Melancthon,  Ont 5  00 

David  John  Cochrane   Toronto 10  00 

Arthur  W.  Thomas  Victoria,  B.C 10  00 

J.  E.  N.  De  Haitre  Eockland,    Ont 7  00 

F.  J.  Sheahan  Toronto    5  00 

J.  Patterson,  B.A Allahabad,   India    25  00 

Victor  Ross Barrie.  Ont 10  00 

Miss  W.  Hutnhi-on.  B.  A.  (additional) Toronto 

Miss  Edith  L.  Ballard Hamilton,  Ont 20  00 

W.  I.  McLean,  B.A Vankleek  Hill,  Ont 10  00 

C.  A.  McRae,  B.A !  Toronto,   Ont 10  00 

Fred  E.   Brown    Vienna,   Ont 10  00 

J.   E.    Haigh    Toronto   10  OD 

J    A.  Scratch  Amherstburg,  Ont 

J.  Irving  Morris Hamilton,    Ont 

V.  W.   Stewart   Mount  Forest,  Ont 

A.  J.  Gilchrist   Toronto 

S.  F.  Miller Cottam.  Ont 

A.  B.  McAllister  Cobourg,   Ont 10  '00 

GPO.  W.   i>n]]nr  I  (additional).  .  .                .  .  Hamilton,  Ont 20  00 

Paul  Scott.  M.D Toronto   40  00 

Miss  Snively   Toronto   5  00 

L.  F.  Barker,  M.B Chicago.  Ill 50  0' 

Wesley  T.  Rich Oakwood,  Ont 5  00 

Hugh  ,MacLean Copleston,    Ont 5  00 

J.  C.  CalhomT Bolton.    Ont 500 

D.  J.  Crookshank Blenheim,  Ont 5  00 

R.    H.    Dillane    Tottenham,  Ont 5  00 

W.  J.  D.  Sproule  Schomberg,   Ont. 

W.  A.  McClure  Toronto 

R.  G.  E-Uvards    Toronto   

Kenneth  Campbell  Toronto   

F.  H.  Mayhood  Toronto   5  00 

A   A.  Campbell  Shanty  Bay,  Ont 5  00 

H.  W.  S.  Kemp  Toronto  

W.  Bethune Ryckman's   Corners    5  00 

T.  A.  Ellis Kingscote,    Ont 5  00 

C    G.  Kirkpatrick   Oro  Station.  Ont 5  00 

A.  H.  Rnlph.  B.A.  (additional) Toronto   5  00 

R.  E.  Humphries  Toronto  5  00 


222  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY. 

J.   W.   Counter   Toronto   5  00 

-X  C.  Little  Lisle,  Ont 5  00 

Egerton  George Port  Elgin,  Ont 5  00 

Geo.   H.   Gardiner   Toronto 5  00 

Alfred  S.  Thompson Wateirdown,  Ont 5  00 

J.  S.  Kaufman Chesley,  Ont 5  00 

C.  A.  M.  Thrush . Dunnville,    Ont 500 

Amos  T.  Ripley  Wallacetown,   Ont 5  00 

M.  R.  Graham Wallacetown,   Ont 5  00 

R.   O.   Coghlan    Wyoming,    Ont 5  00 

W.  B.  Sproule Thornton,  Ont 5  00 

G   L.  Sparks  St.  Mary's,  Ont 5  00 

H.  A.  Stewart  St.  Thomas,  Ont 5  00 

Ralph  H.  Ruby New  Hamburg  5  00 

Vernon  Cartwright   Toronto  5  00 

N.   A.    MacKinnon    Copleston,  Ont 5  00 

Manning,   F. St.  Mary's,  Ont 5  00 

Storry,  J.  H Mount  Albert,   Ont 5  00 

E    D.  Gillis   Muir  Kirk,  Ont 5  00 

Albert  Pain  Toronto   5  00 

J   H.  Holbrook  Toronto  5  00 

W.  E.  Browne  Midland,   Ont 5  OO1 

G.  J.  N.  Magwood ' Lindsay,  Ont 5  '00 

A.   S.  Moorhead   Mount  Albert,  Ont 500 

C.  W.  Hurlburt Mitchell,   Ont 5  00 

A    C.  Phillips   Toronto    5  00 

F.   B.    Bowman    Dundas,  Ont 5  00 

W.  H.  Reid Lucknow,  Ont 6  00 

R.  J.  MacMillan  Button,   Ont 10  00 

Chas.  G.  Chapin Waterford,  Ont 10  00 

R,  A.   Jones    Mount  Forest,  Ont 10  00 

F.  B.  Dnwson Toronto    1000 

H    Huchnergard    Berlin,  Ont 10  00 

D.  E.  Robertson Toronto   10  00 

J.  T.  Duncan,  M.B Toronto   10  00 

A.  E.  Hamilton,  B. A.  (additional) Toronto    1000 

J.  J.  Hamilton Bethany,  Ont 5  00 

W.  A.  MacKinnon,  B. A.,  (additional) Ottawa,   Ont 500 

A.  Crichton,  B.A Castleton,    Ont 500 

C.    R.   Newman           (additional) Dunnville,    Ont 5  00 

Col.  Wm.  Ponton,  M.A.         "       Belleville,  Ont 500 

C.  P.  A.  Lnoke                         "       Hamilton,  Ont 10  '00 

Ward  A.  W.  Woolner ^Toronto 3  00 

Arthur  A.  J.  Simpson Whitechurch,  Ont 4  00 

Oswald  L.  Dinnick Toronto 10  00 

Walter  S.  Turnbull  Milverton,  Ont 5  00 

W.  O.  Graham Toronto  5  00 

W.  T.  M.   MacKinnon Amherst,  N.S 10  '00 

A.  E.  Whitmore  Edgeley,  Ont 10  00 

W.  D.  Beaton St.  Catharines,  Ont 10  00 

R.  W.  Anderson  Toronto   5  00 

Willoughby  H.  Harvey Toronto 10  00 

E.  C.  Burson   St.  Catharines,  Ont 10  00 

K.  D.  Panton Milton,  Ont 5  00 

W.  F.  Thorn     Picton,  Ont 5  00 

H.  J.  M.  Adams   Embro,  Ont 10  00 

F.  E.  Chalmers  Toronto 10  00 

Miss  Gertrude  Lawler,  B.A Toronto 25  00 

F.  M.  Walker,  B.  A.  (additional)    Toronto 5  00 


CONVOCATION  HALL  FUND.  223 

T>.  Forpyth,  B.A.  (additional) Berlin,  Ont 5  00 

Chi  Chapter  Nn  Sigma  Nu  Medical    Fra- 
ternity  Toronto   150  00 

Robt.  T.  Anderson t Avln  er  West,  Ont 1 0  00 

E.  W.  Stapleford  St.  Catharines,  Ont 5  00 

W.  E.  Cummer,  D.D.S Toronto 5  00 

J.  Milton  Copeland   Smithville  5  00 

D.  Allison  Belgrave,  Ont 5  00 

William  J.  Smith  Pine  River,  Ont 5  00 

F.  'Vanderlip,  jr St.  Catharines,  Ont 5  00 

H.  H.  G.  Cuultl.ard Toronto 10  00 

W.  E.  Procunier Bayham,  Ont 10  00 

R.  Devlin    Ottawa,  Ont 10  00 

J.   C.  McLennan. 

Secretary. 


224 


UNIVEKSITY  OF  TOEONTO  MONTHLY. 


TOKONTONENSIA. 


UNIVERSITY   OF   TORONTO 

MONTHLY. 

ADDRESS  ALL  COMMUNICATIONS  FOR 
PUBLICATION  TO  THE  SECRETARY,  UNI- 
VERSITY OF  TORONTO. 

Published  monthly,   October — June. 
Subscription    $1.00    a    year,  single    copies 

15  cts. 

All  subscriptions  are  credited  October- 
June. 

EDITORIAL  COMMITTEE. 

I.  H.  CAMERON,  M.B.,  Chairman. 

J.  C.  MCLENNAN,  Ph.D.,  Secretary. 

L.  E.  EMBREE,  M.A.;  J.  MCGREGOR 
YOUNG,  B.A. ;  H.  J.  CODY,  M.  A. ;  J.  A. 
COOPER,  B.A.,  LL.B.;  C.  C.  JAMES,  M.A.; 
GEO.  WILKIE,  B.A.;  J.  M.  CLARK,  M.A.; 
LL.B.,  K.C;  J.  W.MALLON,  B.A.,  LL.B.; 
HON.  S.  C.  BIGGS,  B.A.,  K.C. 


S.  J.  ROBERTSON,  B.A.,  Managing  Edi- 
tor. 

R.  J.  HAMILTON,  B.A.,  Advertising 
Manager. 

THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  ALUMNI 
ASSOCIATION:  LOCAL  ORGANIZATIONS. 

GENERAL  ASSOCIATION.  —  President, 
DR.  R.  A.  REEVE,  Toronto.  Secretary, 
J  C.  MCLENNAN,  Ph.  D.,  Dean's  House, 
University  of  Toronto. 

ALBERTA. — President,  C.  A.  STUART, 
B.  A.,  LL.B.  Secretary,  D.  F.  BOYCE,  B.  A . 

ALGOMA,  DISTRICT  OF.  —  President, 
A.  B.  WILLMOTT,  M.A.,  Sault  Ste.  Marie, 
Ont.;  Secretary-Treasurer,  LESLIE  A. 
GREEN,  B.A.,  Sault  Ste,  Marie,  Ont. 

BRANT  COUNTY.  —  President,  A.  J. 
WILKES,  LL.B.,  K.C.,  Brantford,  Ont; 
Secretary,  R.  M.  SQUIRE,  B.A.  Sc..,  C.E., 
Brantford,  Ont. 

BRITISH  COLUMBIA. — President,  REV. 
R.  WHITTINGTON,  M.A.,  B.Sc.,  Vancou- 
ver, B.C. 

ELGIN  COUNTY,  ONT. — President,  J.  H. 
COYNE,  B.A.,  St.  Thomas.  Secretary,  S. 
Sn.cox,  B.A.,  D.  Paed.,  St,  Thomas. 

FRONTENAC  COUNTY.  — Secretary -Treas- 
urer, E.  O.  SLITER,  M.A.,  Kingston,  Ont. 

GREY  AND  BRUCE.  —  President,  A-  G. 
McKAY,  B.A.,  Owen  Sound,  Ont. 
Secretary,  W.  D.  FERRIS,  M.B.,  Shallow 
Lake,  Ont. 

HASTINGS  COUNTY. — President,  LT.- 
COL.  W-  N.  PONTON,  M.A.,  Belleville. 
Secretary,  J.  T.  LUTON,  B.A.,  Belleville. 

HURON  COUNTY.  —  President,  WM. 
GUNN,  M.D.,  Clinton,  Ont.  Secretary- 
Treasurer,  CHAS.  GABROW,  B.A.,  LL.B., 
Goderlch,  Ont. 


KENT  COUNTY.  —  President,  D.  S. 
PATTERSON,  B.A.,  Chatham,  Ont  Sec- 
retary, Miss  GRACE  MCDONALD,  B.A., 
Chatham,  Ont. 

LENNOX  AND  ADDINGTON  COUNTIES. — 
President,  H.  M.  DEROCHB,  B.A.,  K.C., 
Napanee.  Secretary-Treasurer,  U.  J.' 
FLACK,  M.A.,  Napanee. 

LINCOLN  COUNTY.— President,  JOHN 
HENDERSON,  M.A.,  St.  Catnarines. 
Secretary-Treasurer,  G.  B.  BURSON,  B.A., 
St.  Catharines. 

MIDDLESEX  COUNTY.— President,  TAL- 
BOT  MACBETH,  B.A.,  K.C.,  London. 
Secretary-Treasurer,  F.  E.  PERRIN,  B.A., 
London. 

M.OST  REAL. -President,  REV.  JOHN  SCRIM- 
GER,  M.A.,  Montreal.  Secretary,  E.  H. 
COOPER,  B.A.,  Montreal. 

OTTAWA.— President,  J.  C.  G  LASH  AN, 
M  A.,LL.D.,  Ottawa.  Secretary-Treasurer, 
J.  O.  CARSS,  B.A.,  Ottawa 

OXFORD—  President,  I.  M.  LEVAN,  B.A., 
Woodstock.  Secretary,  V.  A.  SINCLAIR. 
B.A.,  Tilsonburg. 

PERTH  COUNTY,  ONT.— President,  C.  J. 
MCGREGOR,  M.A.,  Stratford,  Ont. 
Secretary-Treasurer,  C.  A.  MAYBERRY, 
B.A.,  LL.B.,  Stratford,  Ont. 

PETERBOROUGH  COUNTY.  —  President, 
D.  W.  DUMBLE,  B.A.,  K.C.,  Peterborough, 
Secretary -Treasurer,  A.  STEVENSON,  B.A'., 
Peterborough. 

PRINCE  EDWARD  COUNTY.— President, 
M.  CURRIE,  B.A.,  M.B.,  Picton. 

SIMCOE  COUNTY. — President,  DONALD 
Ross,  B.A.,  LL.B.,  Barrie,  Ont;  Secre- 
tary-Treasurer, A.  F.  HUNTER,  M.A., 
Earrie1,  Ont. 

VICTORIA  COUNTY. — President,  J.  C. 
HARSTONE,  B.A.,  Lindsay,  Ont.  Secre- 
tary-Treasurer, Miss  E.  G.  FLAVELLE, 
B.A.,  Lindsay,  Ont. 

WATERLOO  COUNTY. — President,  His 
HONOUR  JUDGE  CHISHOLM,  Berlin,  Ont 
Secretary-Treasurer,  REV.  W.  A.  BRAD- 
LEY, B.A.,  Berlin,  Ont. 

WELLINGTON  COUNTY,  ONT.  —  Presi- 
dent, WM.  TYTLER,  B.A.,  Guelph,  Ont 
Secretary-Treasurer,  R.  L.  McKiNNON, 
B.A.,  LL.B.,  Guelph,  Ont. 

WENTWORTH  COUNTY  GRADUATES' 
ASSOCIATION. — President,  J.  CHISHOLM, 
B.A.,  Hamilton,  Ont  Secretary- 
Treasurer,  J.  T.  CRAWFORD,  B.A.,  Ham- 
ilton, Ont 

NEW  YORK  CITY. — President,  G.  H.  Ling, 
Ph.  D.,  New  York.  Secretary  Treasurer, 
J.  A.  MacVannel,  Ph.  D.,  New  York. 


TORONTONENSIA. 


225 


Alumni  in  Alberta. 

The  alumni  of  the  University  of 
Toronto  in  Alberta,  m'et  for  their  first 
annual  dinner  at  Calgary  on  February 
13th.  Those  present  were:  Mrs.  James 
Short,  Mrs.  C.  A.  Stuart,  Mrs.  F.  Ed- 
monds, Miss  E.  J.  McPhail,  '97:  Miss 

E.  M.   Neilson,   '99;    Messrs.   L.  Clark. 
B.A.  '82;  C.  A.  Stuart,  B.A.  '91,  LL.B.; 
James   Short.   B.A.   '95;    W.   Davidson, 
B.A.  '93  ;C.  A.  Anderson,  M\D.  '00;   W. 
B.  Donald.  1I.D.  '98;   D.  Stanley,  M.D. 
'01;  J.  S.  Miller,  L.D.S.  '00;  Rev.  T.  W. 
Price,  B.A.  '01;  Rev.  W.  H.  Wood,  B.A. 
'01;   R.  F.  Edmonds,  L.D.S.  '98;  C.  W. 
Edmonds.  B.Ph.  '02;  J.  F.  Boyce,  B.A. 
'95;  J.  S.  Hunt,  B.A.  '97;  M.  P.  Bridge- 
land.  '01;  W.  L.  Waines,  B.A.  '97;  Rev. 

F.  Langford.    At  the  close  of  the  ban- 
quet, a  local  branch  of  the  Alumni  As- 
sociation  was    formed,    C.    A.    Stuart. 
B.A..    LL.B.,    Calgary,     being    elected 
president,  and  B.  F.  Boyce,  B.A.,  Cal- 
gary, secretary. 


Elgin    County    Alumni. 

A  most  successful  reunion  of  the 
Elgin  County  alumni  took  place  at  the 
annual  dinner  of  the  Association  in 
St.  Thomas,  March  6th.  Dr.  R.  A. 
Reeve,  Professor  Alexander,  Professor 
(Macallum  and  the  Rev.  Dr.  Carman 
were  guests  of  the  Association.  The  in- 
terest and  enthusiasm  of  the  members 
was  sustained  throughout  the  entire 
proceedings,  which  lasted  from  8.30 
p.m.  to  3  a.m.  The  President,  J.  H. 
Coyne,  B.A.  '70,  and  the  Secretary,  S. 
Silcox,  D.Paed.,  B.A.  '93,  received  many 
congratulations  on  the  perfection  of  the 
arrangements  which  they  had  made. 
After  the  toast  to  the  King  letters  of 
regret  were  read  from  the  Chancellor. 
Sir  Wm.  Meredith,  and  the  Vice-Chan- 
cellor, Chief  Justice  Moss.  Mr.  Coyne 
proposed  the  toast  to  the  University  of 
Toronto,  and  Professor  Macallum.  in 
replying,  dwelt  upon  the  growth  of  the 
University  in  the  past  twenty  years, 
and,  defending  the  University  from  its 
critics,  called  their  attention  to  the 
high  regard  in  which  our  Alma  Mater 
was  held  in  foreign  universities.  He 
quoted  Lord  Kelvin's  reference  to  To- 
ronto as  "  the  leading  colonial  univer- 
sity," and  argued  for  less  criticism  and 
more  assistance.  He  urged  upon  the 
almuni  the  duty  of  contributing  to  the 
Convocation  Hall  fund. 


Professor  Alexander  replied  to  the 
toast  of  the  University  College,  pro- 
posed by  Dr.  Silcox.  and  after  briefly 
referring  to  the  pressing  need  of  a  Con- 
vocation Hall,  quoted  a  recent  public 
utterance  of  the  President  to  the  effect 
that  the  best  contribution  an  alumnus 
could  make  to  his  Alma  Mater  is  some 
meritorious  work  in  research  or  in 
literature.  The  speaker  extended  this; 
the  best  contribution  a  graduate  can 
make  to  the  University  is  the  exhibi- 
tion in  himself  and  in  his  daily  life  of 
the  qualities  and  ideals  for  which  a 
university  stands,  and  the  propagation 
of  these  in  the  community  in  which 
he  lives.  The  Alumni  Associations 
might  do  much  in  this  latter  field. 
Public  attention  had  recently  been  spe- 
cially drawn  to  the  University  through 
the  discovery  of  the  importance  of  cer- 
tain parts  of  her  work  in  the  develop- 
ment of  the  material  resources  of  the 
country.  All  success  to  these  sides  of 
University  activity ;  but  University 
College  stood  for  a  more  ancient  and 
more  important  function  of  the  Uni- 
versity— the  dissemination  of  the  love 
of  truth  and  of  intellectual  activity  for 
their  own  sake,  the  love  of  literature 
and  the  cultivation  of  the  higher 
faculties  of  man.  This  was  the  work 
of  the  Arts  Faculty,  the  heart  of  every 
true  university;  this  was  a  far  more 
important  service  to  render  the  coun- 
try than  the  development  of  its  ma- 
terial resources,  especially  at  a  time 
when  the  higher  ideals  seemed  likely 
to  be  swamped  by  a  great  wave  of  ma- 
terial prosperity,  and  by  the  eager 
pursuit  of  wealth,  the  desire  of  display 
and  of  the  coarser  forms  of  pleasure 
which  always  receive  a  marked  Im- 
petus at  such  periods.  Surely  at  such 
a  time,  it  was  merely  the  duty  of  in- 
telligent patriotism  to  rally  round  the 
University  and  College,  and  loyally  to 
support  them,  and  extend  their  influ- 
ence. 

The  toast  to  the  Senate  was  pro- 
posed by  R.  M.  Lipsey,  M.B.  '94,  and 
was  responded  to  by  Rev.  Dr.  Carman, 
B.A.  '55.  M.A.  The  toast  of  the  Alumni 
was  proposed  by  Rev.  Dr.  Young,  and 
replied  to  by  R.  A.  Reeve,  B.A..  M.D., 
President  of  the  General  Association, 
who  said  that  he  represented  the  great 
body  of  the  alumni  of  the  University 
of  Toronto  who  were  found  in  all 
classes  of  society  from  the  chief  jus- 
tices of  the  various  provinces  to  the 


226 


UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 


humblest  citizens.  He  pointed  out  the 
many  advantages  of  a  university 
course,  of  the  inspiration  which  comes 
from  associating  with  a  host  of  under- 
graduates and  a  body  of  earnest  in- 
structors, the  steadiness  and  culture 
of  the  faculty  on  the  one  hand,  and 
the  enthusiasm  of  the  students  on  the 
other.  He  made  a  strong  appeal  for 
the  Convocation  Hall,  which  was  ne- 
cessary as  a  meeting  place  for  the 
students,  who  were  now  so  numerous 
that  the  University  afforded  them  no 
adequate  meeting  place  other  than  the 
campus. 

T.  W.  Crothers,  B.A.  '73.  proposed 
the  toast  to  the  graduates,  and  in  his 
strong  speech  deplored  the  insufficient 
support  of  the  University  by  the  Gov- 
ernment. Miss  M.  L.  Bollert,  B.A  '00, 
M.A..  replied  in  a  brilliant  speech,  and 
was  followed  by  J.  H.  Wilson,  ,M.D.  '58, 
who  defended  the  Government  in  the 
measure  of  support  which  it  had  given 
'the  University. 

During  the  evening  the  Middlesex 
Association  extended  its  greetings 
through  Talbot  Macbeth.  B.A.  '74,  K.o., 
and  the  greetings  of  the  Peterborough 
County  Alumni  were  received  by  tele- 
phone to  Professor  A.  B.  Macallum 
during  the  course  of  the  banquet.  The 
Queen's  University  Alumni  Association 
also  sent  greetings  to  the  alumni  of 
the  University  of  Toronto. 


Peterborough  Alumni. 

The  alumni  of  Peterborough  county 
gathered  for  their  annual  dinner, 
March  6th.  D.  W.  Bumble,  B.A.  '60, 
K.C.,  presided,  and  the  guests  of  the 
evening  were  Vice-Chancellor  Chief 
Justice  Moss,  Professor  J.  C.  McLen- 
nan, Mayor  Roger  and  Dr.  Moore, 

The  toast  of  Alma  Mater  was  pro- 
posed by  E.  B.  Edwards,  B.A.  '70, 
M.A.,  LL.B.  '81,  K.C.,  and  was  re- 
sponded to  by  Vice-Chancellor  Moss. 
He  pointed  out  the  great  success 
achieved  by  the  University,  and 
showed  how  it  had  grown  from  small 
beginnings,  till  to-day  there  were  850 
undergraduates  in  arts,  500  in  medicine, 
350  in  applied  science,  the  attendance 
in  each  of  these  departments  being 
greater  than  in  any  other  university 
in  Canada.  He  referred  to  a  number 
of  the  most  distinguished  men  in  Can- 
ada who  were!  graduates  of  the  Univer- 


sity, and  said  that  50  of  our  alumni 
held  leading  positions  in  universities 
in  the  United  btates.  The  Vice-Chan- 
cellor pointed  out  the  necessity  for 
liberal  increase  in  the  income  of  the 
University  to  meet  present  day  condi- 
tions. The  difficulties  which  the  Uni- 
versity experienced  were  due  to  lack 
of  funds — the  staff  was  excellent,  but 
not  large  enough,  and  its  members 
were  poorly  paid.  They  looked  to  the 
government  for  generous  treatment 
01'  the  University,  which  was  insti- 
tuted by  the  people  for  the  people 
whom  the  government  represents.  A 
new  building  for  the  Meuical  Faculty 
hn«  just  been  erected,  which  was  paid 
to  be  the  finest  on  the  continent.  The 
new  building  for  .Mineralogy  and  Ge- 
9logy  now  under  construction  would 
be  an  important  addition  to  the  Uni- 
versity equipment.  The  Vice-Chan- 
cellor mentioned  other  pressing  needs, 
which  were  a  department  of  Forestry, 
a  Convocation  Hall  and  a  Residence. 
Had  the  University  been  content  to 
resist  the  tendency  of  the  times  to- 
words  expansion  it  could  have  re- 
mained comfortably  in  its  old  posi- 
tion, but  the  authorities  being  alive 
to  the  latest  requirements  in  science 
and  in  the  practical  life  of  the  people 
were  obliged  to  undertake  larger  ex- 
penditures and  so  to  call  for  aid. 

Professor  McLennan  thanked  the 
alumni  of  Peterboro  for  the  aid  that 
they  had  given  in  the  work  of  the 
association.  In  dealing  with  Univer- 
sity expansion,  he  pointed  out  the 
necessity  for  a  department  of  Forestry 
to  complete  the  equipment  of  the  Uni- 
versity upon  its  practical  side. 

A  resolution  urging  upon  the  Gov- 
ernment the  adequate  support  of  the 
University  in  all  its  departments,  and 
pointing  out  the  necessity  for  the 
establishment  of  a  chair  of  Forestry, 
was  moved  by  J.  H.  Burnham,  B.A.  '83. 
M.A.,  and  seconded^by  W.  Caldwell, 
M.D.  '74,  and  carried. 


Waterloo   Alumni. 

The  first  annual  banquet  of  the 
Alumni  Association  of  Waterloo 
county  was  held  in  Berlin,  Feb.  27th. 
His  Honor  Judge  Chisholm,  LL.B.  T2, 
President  of  the  Association,  occupied 
the  chair,  and  beside  him  were  seated 
Professor  Ellis,  Professor  Young,  Dr. 


TOEONTONBNSIA. 


227 


R.  A.  Reeve,  and  Professor  McLen- 
nan, of  the  University  of  Toronto;  Jas. 
Chisholm,  B.A.  '79,  of  Hamilton;  Thos. 
Carscadden,B.A.'75,  M.A..  of  Gait;  Rav. 
J.  R.  Gilchrist,  B.A.  '73,.  of  Waterloo, 
and  Dr.  H.  G.  Lackner,  M.B.  '76,  M.L.A. 
of  Berlin. 

Rev.  W.  A.  Bradley.  B.A.  '88.  occu- 
pied the  vice-chair,  and  with  him  were 
seated  the  following  alumni  :  L.  R. 
Clarke.  Phm.B.  '98.  D.  S.  Jackson.  B.A. 
'96;  C.  Bitzer.  B.A.  '78:  H.  M.  Bowman. 
B.A.  '95;  D.  Forsyth,  B.A.  '75;  J.  A. 
Scellen.  B.A.  '93,  LL.B.  '95:  J.  A.  Mil- 
liard, D.D.S  '98;  A.  E.  Rudell.  D.D.S. 
'00:  W.  J.  Schmidt.  D.D.S.  '99;  D.  S. 
Bowlby,  B.A.  '95.  LL.B.  '96;  W.  H. 
Breithaupt.  -W.  H.  Bowlby.  B.A.  '56, 
LL.B.  '58;  W.  M.  Cram.  H.  J.  Sims, 

A.  L.  Breithaupt,  R.  D.  Richards,    W. 

B.  Weidenhammer.   B.A.   '96;    Rev.  R. 
von  Pirch,  W.  J.  Motz,  B.A.  '93;  H.  ,M. 
Bowman,    B.A.    '95;    Drs.    J.    E.    Hett, 
M.B.    '91;     D.    J.  Minchin,  M.B.  '85;  J. 
McGillawee,   B.A.   '84,   M.B.   '88;    S.   B. 
Bean,  M.B/95;  R.  W.  Schnarr,  M.B.'99. 
of   Berlin;    Rev.    A.    Armstrong,   J.    P. 
Stanfer,  C.  T.    Noecker,    M.B.  '86;   Dr. 
Milliard,  M.B.  '91,  and  Dr.  Bauman,  of 
Waterloo;  Mr.  H.  M.  Cook,  New  Ham- 
burg, and  J.  N.  McKendrick.  B.A.  '87. 
of  Gait.     Messrs.  C.  R.  Hagedorn  ana 
L.     J.     Breithaupt     representing     the 
Manufacturers  Association,   were  also 
present. 

Alter  the  toast  to  the  King  tne  chair- 
man in  a  neat  speecn  proposed  the 
second  toast  to  Our  Alma  Mater.  He 
called  attention  to  the  place  loronto 
University,  as  a  great  national  institu- 
tion, was  filling  in  this  young  country. 
The  company  before  him  was  a  repre- 
sentative one.  comprising  graduates  in 
Theology,  Arts.  Law.  Medicine,  Peda- 
gogy, Pharmacy,  Dentistry  and  Engi- 
neering. He  welcomed  the  professors 
who  were  present  from  his  alma  mater, 
and  also  the  captains  of  industry,  who 
were  here  to  learn  more  about  the  con- 
nection between  the  University  and  in- 
dustrial life.  This  toast  was  respond- 
ed to  by  Professors  Ellis  and  Mc- 
Gregor Young. 

Professor  Ellis  said  that  he  had  been 
connected  with  the  University  for 
many  years,  and  had  seen  its  growth. 
The  old  idea  of  a  university  training 
was,  that  it  fitted  a  man  for  the. 
learned  professions  only.  But  the  Uni- 
versity of  Toronto  had  adapted  itself 
to  the  times  and  the  march  of  pro- 


gress. The  University  no  more  gives 
a  direct  preparation  for  a  career  in  the 
learned  professions  than  it  fits  a 
banker  or  a  manufacturer  for  his  busi- 
ness. It  imparts  a  breadth  and  culture 
that  better  fits  men  for  wnatever 
sphere  of  usefulness  they  choose.  One 
of  the  functions  of  a  university  was 
that  of  discovering  facts  and  laws  in 
nature — to  pursue  truth  for  truth's 
sake,  no  matter  what  it  is  or  where 
it  leads. 

Professor  McGregor  Young  compared 
the  work  done  in  the  University  in 
his  day  with  that  which  is  being  done 
to-day,  noting  its  expansion  in  many 
lines.  The  University  had  seen  hard 
times,  but  there  were  better  days 
ahead.  The  leaders  in  industrial  life 
are  realizing  the  close  connection  be- 
tween industry  and  the  practical  in- 
struction of  the  University,  and  are 
calling  for  university  men  on  every 
side. 

The  vice-chairman  proposed  the  next 
toast.  "  Our  Alumni  Associations." 

He  said  that  four  years  ago  the 
phrase  Alumni  Association  of  Toronto 
University  was  unknown  to  the  lan- 
guage. That  but  a  few  years  ago  our 
alma  mater  resembled  a  coy  but  beau- 
tiful grass-widow,  deserted  by  her 
husband,  the  Provincial  Government, 
and  neglected  by  her  children,  the  al- 
umni. But  some  of  her  worthy  sons 
had  determined  that  this  state  of  af- 
fairs should  cease,  and  as  a  result  the 
Alumni  Associations  had  come  into  ex- 
istence. Their  first  act  was  to  invade 
the  precincts  of  the  Provincial  Govern- 
ment and  demand  that  the  fullest  meas- 
ure of  justice  be  meted  out  to  their 
alma  mater.  They  had  on  this  occasion 
scored  their  first  success,  and  could  be 
depended  on  in  the  future  to  do  their 
duty  whenever  a  crisis  demanded  it. 

This  toast  was  responded  to  by  Dr. 
R.  A.  Reeve,  president  of  the  General 
Association,  and  Mr.  Jas.  Chisholm.  of 
Hamilton,  president  of  the  Wentworth 
Association. 

Dr.  Reeve  said  that  he  was  proud  of 
the  alumni  throughout  the  country  for 
the  work  they  had  done  and  are  doing 
for  the  University.  Some  years  ago  it 
was  felt  that  graduates  were  not  in 
touch  with  the  college,  and  to  establish 
a  connection  between  the  past  and  pre- 
sent the  Monthly  was  published.  It 
had  revived  old  friendships,  and  had 
developed  a  strong  personal  interest 


228 


UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 


among  the  graduates.  Alumni  Associ- 
ations were  now  found  as  far  west  as 
British  Columbia,  and  as  far  east  as 
New  York  City,  including  in  their 
membership  men  in  the  highest  ranks 
of  professional  and  industrial  life. 
There  is  an  agitation  at  present  to 
establish  a  school  of  Forestry,  and 
the  aid  of  the  alumni  may  have  to  be 
again  enlisted,  in  waiting  upon  the 
Government  to  secure  this.  He  felt 
sure  that  if  called  upon  they  could  be 
depended  upon  to  make  their  influence 
felt  in  this  matter. 

Mr.  Jas.  Chisholm  conveyed  the 
greetings  of  the  Wentworth  Associa- 
tion. He  spoke  of  the  visit  of  the  250 
graduates  to  the  Government  building 
two  years  ago,  and  was  pleased  to 
know  that  he  had  some  slight  part  in 
the  procuring  of  $200,000  for  the  new 
School  of  Science.  He  referred  to  the 
movement  among  the  graduates  to 
build  a  Convocation  Hall  at  Toronto, 
for  which  his  county  would  raise 
$2.000. 

Dr.  H.  G.  Lackner,  M.L.A,  proposed 
the  toast  "  Our  Graduates." 

He  was  pleased  to  see  that  the 
University  was  beginning  to  receive 
the  treatment  she  deserved,  and  just 
as  the  graduates  were  aroused  on  mat- 
ters pertaining  to  the  University,  and 
made  their  influence  felt,  in  proportion 
would  be  the  consideration  that  she 
received  from  the  Provincial  Govern- 
ment. He  promised  that  his  influence 
could  be  depended  upon  in  the  Legis- 
lature to  do  what  was  just  and  right 
toward  the  University.  This  state- 
ment was  received  with  applause. 

Mr.  Thos.  Carscadden,  Principal  of 
the  Gait  Collegiate  Institute,  in  a  well 
worded  speech  responded  to  this  toast. 
He  spoke  of  the  culture  which  it  was 
the  province  of  a  university  to  impart. 
It  had  been  a  wonder  to  him  that  To- 
ronto University  had  done  so  well  with 
so  little  means. 

The  toast  "  Our  Guests "  was  pro- 
posed by  Rev.  R.  von  Pirch. 

He  referred  to  his  connection  with 
the  University,  and  the  cordial  man- 
ner with  which  he  had  been  received 
by  the  staff.  Professor  Ellis,  one  of  the 
guests,  had  been  the  first  to  shake  his 
hand.  The  hearts  of  the  alumni  had 
bled  when  the  old  building  was  burned, 
but  phoenix-like  it  had  risen  from 
the  ashes  larger  and  finer  than  ever. 


He  trusted  that  the  School  of  Forestry 
would  become  an  actual  fact  in -connec- 
tion with  the  University  in  the  near 
future. 

Dr.  J.  C.  McLennan  responded  in  a 
stirring  speech.  He  conveyed  the  greet- 
ings of  President  Loudon  to  the  alumni 
present,  and  on  behalf  of  tne  Execu- 
tive of  the  General  Association  ex- 
pressed gratitude  to  the  alumni  of 
Waterloo  and  the  alumni  generally 
for  the  generous  support  now  being 
given  to  the  various  projects  which 
had  for  their  object  the  welfare  of 
the  Provincial  University. 

During  the  evening  Mr.  C.  Bitzer 
gave  two  pleasing  recitations,  while 
Dr.  A.  E.  Rudell  and  Mr.  A.  L.  Breit- 
haupt  interspersed  the  proceedings 
with  college  songs. 

Letters  of  regret  were  received  from 
President  Loudon,  Principal  Hutton 
and  Dr.  Needier,  of  Toronto,  and  from 
the  presidents  of  the  Alumni  Associa- 
tions of  Wellington,  Brant,  Elgin  and 
Perth. 

W.  A.  BmiUcu. 

Secretary. 

'Wentworth  County  Alumni. 

The  Wentworth  County  alumni  met 
in  Hamilton  February  26th  and  passed 
a  resolution  endorsing  the  proposal 
to  establish  a  school  of  Forestry  in 
connection  with  the  University,  and 
took  steps  to  secure  subscriptions  for 
the  Convocation  Hall  fund.  The  fol- 
lowing were  elected  officers: — Honor- 
ary president,  James  Chisholm,  B.A. 
'79;  president,  H.  S.  Brennen.  B.A. 
'80,  M.A.;  vice-president,  S.  F.  Lazier, 
B.A.  '60,  M.A.,  LL.B.,  K.C.;  secretary- 
tieasurer,  J.  T.  Crawford,  B.A,  '87. 


The  late  J.  A.  Duff,  B.A.  '87. 

His  many  friends  have  heard  with 
regret,  of  the  death  of  J.  A.  Duff,  B.A. 
'87,  which  took  place  March  14th  at 
Cookstowo,  Ont. 

After  receiving  his  degree  Mr.  Duff 
entered  on  a  civil  engineering  course 
in  the  School  of  Practical  Science,  and 
on  graduating  in  1890  entered  the 
employ  of  the  Rotary  Steam  Snow 
Shovel  Company,  Paterson,  N.J.  After 
a  short  time  he  was  appointed  a  fellow 
of  the  School  of  Practical  Science, 
and  later  principal  of  the  Toronto 


TORONTONENSIA. 


229 


Technical  School,  which  position  he 
resigned  on  being  appointed  Lecturer 
in  Applied  Mechanics  in  the  School 
of  Practical  Science.  This  position  he 
resigned  in  October  last  on  account  of 
failing  health. 

Mr.  Duff  had  made  a  careful  study 
ot  Canadian  timbers  from  the  stand- 
point of  an  engineer,  and  had  pub- 
lished a  number  of  important  papers 
on  the  subject.  He  took  an  interest  in 
military  affairs,  and  was  on  active  ser- 
vice in  the  North-West  in  1885  with 
the  University  company. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  Society  for 
the  Promotion  of  Engineering  Educa- 
tion, of  the  Canadian  Institute,  and  an 
Associate  Member  of  the  Canadian 
Society  of  Civil  Engineers. 


Biological   Bulletin. 

We  have  received  an  announcement 
of  the  continuation  of  the  "Biological 
Bulletin."  a  technical  monthly  journal 
of  Zoology,  General  Biology,  and  Com- 
parative Physiology.  The  aim  of  The 
Bulletin  is  to  meet  the  need  ror 
prompt  publication  of  original  results 
in  its  field,  and  thus  to  supply  to 
American  biologists  the  facilities  or- 
fered  by  a  number  of  European  peri- 
odicals. Much  of  the  best  work  of 
American  biologists,  that  has  in  the 
past  been  sent  abroad  for  publication, 
is  now  being  published  by  the  "  Bulle- 
tin." This  journal  should  therefore  be 
accessible  to  every  worker  in  the  tield 
of  Biology  in  America.  If  it  fulfils 
its  present  purpose,  it  will  become  as 
necessary  to  the  biologists  of  Europe 
as  the  best  European  journals  are  to 
us. 

The  Managing  Editor  is  Frank  R. 
Lillie.  B.A.  '91,  associate  professor  of 
Embryology,  University  of  Chicago, 
ar.ti  the  editorial  board  includes  such 
names  as  C.  O.  Whitman,  professor  of 
Zoology.  University  of  Chicago;  E.  B. 
Wilson,  professor  of  Zoology,  Colum- 
bia University;  Jacques  Loeb,  profes- 
sor of  Physiology,  University  of  Cali- 
fornia; T.  H.  Morgan,  professor  of 
Biology,  Bryn  Mawr  College. 


the  Equitable  Life  Assurance  Com- 
pany of  New  York.  All  the  expenses 
of  the  course  were  borne  by  the  com- 
pany, and  daily  lectures  were  given 
by  the  most  able  men  on  its  staff.  The 
presidents  of  various  universities  were 
asked  to  recommend  graduates  who 
might  desire  to  avail  themselves  of 
the  course.  R.  J.  Hamilton,  B.A.  '02, 
was  recommended  by  President  Lou- 
don.  Over  one  hundred  students,  re- 
presenting different  universities,  at- 
tended during  the  six  weeks'  course. 
At  its  conclusion  the  company  gave 
positions  to  those  who  had  qualified 
through  the  course  and  who  desired 
to  take  up  the  profession,  and  a  prize 
was  offered  to  the  student  who  would 
secure  the  largest  number  of  risks  be- 
fore December  31st.  Mr.  Hamilton, 
representing  the  University  of  To- 
ronto, has  been  awarded  this  prize,  a 
valuable  gold  watch,  for  the  business 
which  he  had  done  in  Toronto. 


Success   in   Insurance. 

Last  summer  a  large  number  of 
graduates  of  the  various  universities  of 
the  United  States  and  Canada  attended 
a  summer  school  for  the  instruction 
of  life  insurance  agents  conducted  by 


Faculty  of  Arts. 

Class  of  1891. 

D.  J.  Armour,  B.A.,  M.B.  '94.  is 
Senior  Assistant  Surgeon  in  the  Bel- 
grave  Hospital  for  Children.  London, 
England. G.  A.  Ball,  B.A.,  is  a  bar- 
rister in  Gait,  Ont. Rev.  R.  Ballah, 

B.A.,   is   a  clergyman   in   St.    Thomas. 

Ont. J.    Brebner,   B.A..    is   registrar 

of  University  of  Toronto.  Toronto. 

A.    W.    Briggs,    B.A..    M.A.    '93,    LL.B. 
'92,  is  a  barrister  on  Richmond  St.  W., 

Toronto. W.   E.    Buckingham.   B.A.. 

is    a    barrister    in    Guelph,     Ont. — 
Miss  E.  M.  .bunnell.  B.A..  is  a  teacher 
in  Brantford,  Ont.— G.  B.  Burson.  B.A., 
is  a  barrister  in  St.  Catharines.   Ont. 

1.  R.  Caning,  B.A..  is  a  barrister 

in  Exeter.  Ont. J.  Carmichael.  M.A. 

(ob.). Miss  J.  W.  Carter.  B.A..  M.A. 

'94,  is  a  teacher  in  Gait,  Ont. H.  Z. 

Churchill  Cockburn,  B.A.,  is  a  barris- 
ter, and  resides  at  619  Sherbourne  St., 

Toronto. Rev.   W.   Cooper,  B.A..  is 

a     Presbyterian     clergyman     at     Port 

Perry,    Ont. M.    Currie,    B.A..    M.B. 

'95,  is  a  physician  at  Picton.  Ont. — 
W.    Dillane,    B.A.,     is    a    teacher    at 
Kemptville.  Ont.  -    -  T.  D.  Dockray. 
B.A.,  is  a  barrister,  Victoria  St.,  To- 
ronto.      T.    C.    Doidge,    B.A.,    is   a 

teacher  in  Orillia,  Ont. D.  Donald, 

B.A..  is  a  barrister  residing  at  64  Bloor 
St.   W.,   Toronto. A.   Fasken,   B.A., 


230 


UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 


is  a  barrister,  and  a  member  of  the 
firm  of  Beatty,  BlackstocK,  Nesbitt  & 

Co.,  Toronto. G.  H.  Ferguson,  B.A.. 

LL.B.  '92,  is  practising  law  at  Kempt- 

ville.  Ont. H.  McE.  Ferguson,  B.A., 

is  a  barrister.  Canada  Life  Bldg.,  To- 
ronto.  P.  McL.  Florin.  B.A.,  is  a 

barrister    in    Victoria.    B.C. J.    M. 

Godfrey,  B.A.,  is  a  barrister,  and  a 
member  of  the  firm  of  Robinette  & 
Godfrey,  15  Toronto  St..  Toronto,  and 

resides  at  174  Peai-son  Avef. G.   T. 

Graham,   B.A..   is  an  estate  agent  re- 
siding at  20  St.  Mary  St..  Toronto.— 
G.  Hammill.  B.A.,  is  a  teacher  in  Col- 

lingwood,  Ont. W.  Haraie,  B.A..  is 

a  teacher  in  Perth.  Ont. W.  H.  Har- 
ris. B.A.,  LL.B.  '92.  is  a  barrister  at 
Brighton.  -  -  E.  A.  Harrison,  B.A. 

(ob.). Rev.    E.    I.    Hart.   B.A..    is   a 

Methodist    clergyman    at    North    Bay. 

Ont. R.   Henderson.  B.A.,  F.I. A.,  is 

actuary    for    the    Equitable    Life    of 

New  York,   Equitable  Life  Bldg. J.F. 

Howard,  B.A..  is  head  of  th«  scholas- 
tic department  at  the  West  Texas  Mil- 
itary Academy,  San  Antonio.  Texas. 
—A.  J.  Hunter,  B.A..  M.B.  '95.  is  a 
physician  at  Pleasant  Home  District, 

Manitoba. J.  W.  Jameson.  B.A.,  is 

a  barrister,  Room  712,  Temple  Bldg., 

Toronto. Rev.  G.  L.  Johnston,  B.A.. 

is  a  Presbyterian  clergyman  at  North 

Bay.  Ont. Rev.  W.  R.  Johnston. 

B.A.,  is  a  Presbyterian  clergyman  at 

Penetanguishene,    Ont. Miss    L.    L. 

Jones.  B.A.,  is  a  teacher  at  Cobourg. 

Ont. Miss    F.    V.    Keys,    B.A.,    is    a 

lecturer  at  Vassar  Colleee,  Pough- 
keepsie,  N.Y.  -  -  A.  T.  Kirkpatrick, 
B.A.,  is  practising  law  in  the  Can- 
ada Life  Bldg..  Toronto  and  resides 

at  4  Grange  Road. G.  Laing.  B.A., 

is  a  professor  in  the  University  of 
Chicago,  Chicago.  111. S.  B.  Lea- 
cock.  B.A.,  is  a  lecturer  at  McGill  Uni- 
versity, Montreal,  Que. F.  R.  Lillie, 

B.A.,  is  associate  professor  of  embry- 
ology and  assistant  curator  of  zoologi- 
cal museum  at  the  University  of  Chi- 
cago, and  resides  at  5801  Monroe  Ave., 

Chicago,  111. Rev.G.Logie,  B.A.,  is  a 

Presbyterian  clergyman  at  Flagstaff, 
Arizona,- — W.  J.  O.  Malloch,  B.A., 
M.B. '96,  is  a  Demonstrator  in  Anatomy 
in  the  University  of  Toronto  Medical 
Faculty  and  a  practising  physician  at 

327  College  St.,  Toronto. Rev.  A.  J. 

Mann,  B.A.,  is  a  Presbyterian  clergy- 
man at  Eramosa,  Ont. A.  D.  Mel- 
drum,  B.A.,  is  practising  iaw  at  Sud- 


bury,  Ont. W.  J.  Mill,  B.A.,  resides 

at  389  Central  Ave.,  London.  Ont. — 
Rev.  C.  Moore,  B.A.,  is  a  Presbyterian 

clergyman  at  Hamiota,  Man. W.  J. 

Moran.  B.A..  LL.B.  '92.  is  a  barrister 

at  Rat  Portage,  Ont. A.  E.  Morrow, 

B.A.,    is   a   teacher   at   Arnprior,    Ont. 
-  A.  Mowat,  B.A.,  is  a  teacher  at 

Brockville.  Ont. C.  N.  Munro.  B.A., 

is  a  barrister  in   Detroit,  (Mich. G. 

B.  McClean,  B.A.   (ob.). T.  McCrea, 

B.A..  M.B.  '95.  is  a  practising  physi- 
cian and  a  lecturer  in  Johns  Hopkins 

University,    Baltimore.    Md. D.    W. 

McGee.  B.A.   (ob.). Rev.  W.  K.  Mc- 

Intosh,  B.A.,  B.D.  (Knox)  '95,  is  a 
Presbyterian  clergyman  at  Elora,  Ont. 

— J.  G.  McKechie,  B.A.,  is  a  teacher 

at  Lumsden.  N.W.T. J.  A.  McKellar, 

B.A..  is  at  1117  Bowling  Green  Bldg., 

11    Broadway.    New    York.    N.Y. C. 

R.    McKeown,   B.A..   is   a  barrister  at 

Orangeville,  Ont. A.  J.  MacKinnon, 

B.A..  is  practising  law  at  Acton,  Ont. 
J.  P.  McLaren,  B.A.,  is  an  archi- 
tect residing  on  Gloucester  St..  Ottawa, 
W.  S.  W.  (McLay.  B.A.,  is  a  lec- 
turer at  McMaster  Hall,  Toronto. — 
Rev.  J.  McNicol,  B.A.,  is  a  Presbyter- 
ian clergyman  residing  at  58  Henry 

St..    Toronto. Miss    M.    E.    McOuat. 

B.A.,  is  residing  at  LacLute,  Que. — 
J.   L.   Naylor,   B.A.,   is  a  barrister   at 

Essex  Centre,  Ont. Rev.  L.  Nichols, 

B.A.,  is  an  Anglican  clergyman  at  Lock 

Haven.  Pa. E.  Norman.  B.A.,  is  a 

teacher   at    Grande    Ligne.    Que. A. 

P.  Northwood,  B.A..  M.A.  '92  (ob.).— 
J.  B.  Peat.  B.A.,  LL.B.   '91,,  M.A.  '93, 

is  a  barrister  in  Chicago,   111. Rev. 

N.  I.  Perry,  B.A.,  M.A.  '93,  is  an  Angli- 
can clergyman  at  St.  Catharines,  Ont. 

— F.  G.  Phelps,  B.A.,  is  a  teacher  at 

Aylmer,  Ont. W.  A.   Phillips,  B.A., 

is  a  teacher  at  Listowel,  Ont. Miss 

E.  C.  Platt,  B.A.,  is  a  teacher  at  the 
American  Collegiate  Institute  for  Girls, 
Smyrna. H.  C.  Pope,  B.A.,  is  a  bar- 
rister in  London,  Ont. W.  E.  Rand, 

B.A.,  is  a  teacher  at  Clinton,  Ont. 

Rev.  G.  W.  Robinson,  B.A.,  is  a  Metho- 
dist clergyman  in  King,  Ont. H.  E. 

Rose,  B.A..  LL.B.  '92,  is  a  barrister 
residing  at  9  Madison  Ave.,  Toronto. 

Mrs.  C.  M.  Abbott,  B.A.  (Miss  J.  M. 

Rose),  is  residing  at  Bound  Brook,  N.J. 

— R.   C.  Rose,  B.A.,  is  a  teacher  at 

Prescott,  Ont. D.  Ross,  B.A..  LL.B. 

'95,  is  a  barrister  in  Barrie.  Ont. 

Miss  N.  Ross,  B.A.,  is  residing  at 
1  Elmsley  Place,  Toronto.  S.  J. 


TORONTONENSIA. 


231 


Rothwell,  B.A.,  is  a  barrister  in  Win- 
nipeg, Man.  J.  Sale,  B.A.,  LL.B. 

'92.  is  practising  law  in  Windsor,  Ont. 
Rev.  J.  S.  Scott.  B.A..  is  a  Presby- 
terian clergyman  at  Brantford,  Ont. 

J.  M.  Scott,  B.A.,  LL.B.  '92,  is  a  barris- 
ter at  Vernon.  B.C. Rev.  G.  S.  Sin- 
clair, -B.A.,  M.A.  '93,  is  an  Anglican 
clergyman  at  Wycliffe  College.  To- 
ronto. -  -  Rev.  T.  Smith,  B.A..  is  a 
Presbyterian  clergyman  at  Johnstone. 

— Rev.  T.  B.  Smith.  B.A..  is  an  An- 
glican clergyman  and  resides  at  Holy 

Trinity  Rectory,  Chatham,  Ont.  

T.  W.  Standing,  B.A.,  is  public  school 
inspector  for  Brant  Co.,  and  resides  at 

Brantford.  Ont. A.  M.  Stewart.  B.A.. 

M.A.  '92,  LL.B.  '92,  is  a  barrister  and 
a  member  of  the  firm  of  McCarthy. 
Osier,  Hoskin  &  Co..  Freehold  Bldg., 

Toronto. Rev.  I.  O.  Stringer.  B.A., 

is  an  Anglican  clergyman  at  Herschel 

Island.  N.W.T. C.  A.  Stuart.  B.A.. 

is  a  barrister  in  Calgary,  N.W.T. 

Miss  E.  A.  Teskey.  B.A..  M.A.  '93,  is 

residing  in  Welland,  Ont. Rev.  H. 

F.  Thomas,  B.A.,  ,M.A.  '93,  is  a  Con- 
gregational clergyman  residing  at  82 

Bismarck  Ave.,  Toronto.  R.  M. 

Thompson,  B.A.,  is  a  barrister  at  Blen- 
heim, Ont. J.  W.  Treleaven,  B.A., 

is  a  teacher  at  Almonte,  Ont. D. 

Walker.  B.A.,  is  a  school" inspector  at 

Peterborough,  Ont.  Rev.  W.  G. 

Watson,  B.A.,  is  a  Methodist  clergy- 
man at  Thessalon,  Ont. Miss  L.  G. 

Watt,  B.A.,  is  a  teacher  at  Guelph. 

Ont. Mrs.  W.  C.  Hall,  B.A.  (Miss  M. 

D.  Watterworth),  is  residing  at  94 
Maitland  St.,  Toronto. Rev.  J.  Wil- 
son. B.A.,  is  a  Presbyterian  clergyman 
at  Niagara  Falls,  S..Ont. U.  M.  Wil- 
son, B.A.,  is  a  barrister  in  Napanee. 

Ont. G.  A.  M.  Young,  B.A..  is"""a 

barrister  with  Bruce  White,  Esq.,  Nel- 
son, B.C. G.  S.  Young.  B.A..  M.B. 

'95,  is  a  practising  physician  at  Pres- 
cott.  Ont. 

The  addresses  of  the  following  are 
unknown: 

J.  S.  Brown,  B.A. T.  G.  Malcheff, 

B.A,. A.  L.  Merrill,  B.A. Orville 

W.  McMichael,  B.A. ;Miss  Caroline 

Louisa  Thacher,  B.A. — -H.  M.  Wood, 
B.A. 

Class  of  1873. 

Rev.  F.  Ballantyne,  B.A.,  M.A.  '74,  is 
a  Presbyterian  clergyman  at  London, 


Ont. W.  Barwick,  B.A.,  ,M.A.  '74,  is 

a  barrister  at  18-20  King  Street  W., 
Toronto. F.  Black,  B.A.,  is  a  phy- 
sician at  Port  Colborne,  Ont. Rev. 

J.  Campbell,  B.A.,  M.A.  '83,  is  Presby- 
terian clergyman  at  Victoria,  B.C. 

Rev.  J.  Craig,  B.A.,  is  a  Baptist  clergy- 
man at  Samalkot,  India E.  W.  Dad- 
son,  B.A.,  was  a  Baptist  clergyman 
(ob.) J.  K.  Fisken.  B.A.  is  a  com- 
mission merchant  residing  at  60  Madi- 
son Avenue,  Toronto. Rev.  C.  Flet- 
cher, B.A.,  M.A.  '74,  is  a  Presbyterian 

clergyman  at  Thames  Road.  Ont. A. 

C.  Gait,  B.A.,  is  a  barrister  at  Ross- 
land,  B.C. Rev.  J.  R.  Gilchrist,  B.A., 

is  a  Presbyterian  clergyman  at  Water- 
loo, Ont. Rev.  A.  M.  Hamilton, 

B.A.,  M.A.  '74,  is  a  Prebyterian  clergy- 
man at  Winterbourne,  Ont. Rev. 

J.  fi.  Hamilton,  B.A.,  ,M.A.  '74.  is  a 
Presbyterian  clergyman  at  Dundas, 

Ont. F.   N.  Kennin,  B.A.,  M.A.  '75, 

is    a    barrister    residing    at    39  Wood 

Street,  Toronto. R.  B.  Lesslie,  B.A., 

M.A.  '75,  M.B.  '75,  M.D.  '76  (ob.) J. 

H.  Long,  B.A.,  M.A.  '81,  LL.B.  '81.  is  a 
barrister  residing  at  37  James  Street 
South.  Hamilton.  Ont. J.  H.  Mad- 
den, B.A.,  is  a  barrister  at  Napanee, 

Ont. F.  Madill,  B.A.,  M.A.  '86  (ob.) 

H.  P.  Milligan  B.A.  (ob.) L.  A. 

McPherson,    B.A.    (ob.) J.    Nichols, 

B.A.    (ob.) W.   E.   Perdue,   B.A..   is 

a  barrister  in  Winnipeg,   Man. W. 

J.  Robertson,  B.A.,  L.L.B.  (Vic.), 
is  a  teacher  in  St.  Catharines,  Ont. 

T.    J.     Small,     B.A..    M.A.     '75,    is 

a  barrister  at  191  John  Street,  To- 
ronto.  T.  S.  T.  Smellie,  B.A., 

M.A.    '74,   resides    at    Fort    William, 

Ont. Goldwin   Smith.   M.A.,   D.C.L., 

resides   at   "  The  Grange,"   26   Grange 

Road,  Toronto. C.  G.   Snider,  B.A., 

is  Division  Court  Judge  of  the  County 
of  Wentworth  and  resides  at  Hamil- 
ton, Ont. Rev.  A.  Stewart,  B.A.,  Is 

a  Presbyterian  clergyman  at  Clinton, 

Ont. Rev.  P.  Strath,  B.A.,  M.A.  '75, 

is  a  Presbyterian  clergyman  in  Inner- 
kip,  Ont. J.  Torrance.  B.A.,  M.A. 

'74     (ob.) Rev.     A.     M.     Turnbull, 

B.A.,  is  a  Baptist  clergyman  in  Den- 
ver, Colorado. F.  H.  Wallace,  B.A., 

M.A.  '74,  is  Dean  of  the  Faculty  of 
Theology,  Victoria  University,  and  .'e- 

sides  at  95  Bedford  Road,  Toronto. 

N.  J.  Wellwood,  B.A.,  is  a  teacher  at 

Oakville,    Ont. G.    P.    Young,    M.A. 

(ob.) 


232 


UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY. 


The  addresses  of  the  following  are 
unknown: 

James  Campbell,  B.A.,  (M.A.  '74; 
James  Wallace,  B.A. 


Faculty  of  Arts,  Victoria. 

Class  of  1872. 

W.  J.  Carpenter,  B.A..  is  residing  at 

Simcoe,  Ont. J.  R.  Clarke,  B.A.  M. 

D.  (Ob.). G.  Dickson,  B.A.,  M.A.  '78, 

is  director  of  St.  Margaret's  College, 
Bloor  St.  W.  and  Spadina  Ave.,  To- 
ronto.—K.  Dingwall,  B.A.  (Ob.). A. 

Haggart,  B.A.,  LL.B.  '76,  is  living  at 

Winnipeg,  Man. C.  J.  Hare.  B.A. 

(Ob.). C.  Harper,  B.A.,  M.A.  '85,  is 

living  in  Boston,  Mass. C.  W.  Haw- 
kins, B.  A.  (Ob.). C.  J.  Holman, 

B.A.,  ,M.A.  '87,  is  a  barrister  in  Pine- 
hurst,  Ont. R.  Mallet,  B.A.,  is  liv- 
ing in  Court,  Pa. T.  McNaughton, 

B.A.,  M.A.  '72  (Ob.). J.  Pearen, 

B.A.,  M.A.  '81,  is  living  in  Weston, 

Ont. A.  M.  Peterson,  B.A.,  is  living 

in  Colborne,  Ont. J.  R.  Ross,  B.A., 

M.A.  '73,  B.D.,  is  living  in  Newcastle, 

Ont. G.  F.  Shepley,  B.A.,  M.A.  '16, 

K.C.,  is  a  barrister  residing  at  2  iNorth 

St.,  Toronto. P.  A.  Switzer,  B.A., 

M.A.  '76  (Ob.). J.  P.  Wilson,  B.A., 

is  residing  in  Peterborough,  Ont. 

R.  W.  Young,  B.A.,  M.A.  '75,  is  at  66 
Richmond  St.  B.,  Toronto. 

The  address  of  the  following  is  un- 
known : 

P.  L.  Borland,  B.A. 

1873. 

J.  B.  Barton,  B.A.,  is  living  in  Chi- 
cago, 111. 0.  J.  Brown,  B.A.,  MA. 

'77,  is  living  in  Woodbury,  Tenn. E. 

L.  Chamberlain,  B.A.  (Ob.). T.  W. 

Crothers.  B.A.,  is  living  in  St.  Thomas, 

Ont. W.  H.  Culver,  B.A.  (Ob.). 

W.  A.  Douglas,  B.A.,  is  an  accountant 
and  assignee,  residing  at  220  Wel- 
lesley  St.,  Toronto.  -  -  Rev.  J.  J. 
Hare,  B.A.,  M.A.  '79,  Ph.D.,  princi- 
pal of  the  Ontario  Ladies'  College, 
Whitby,  Ont.  -  -  J.  P.  Harnden, 
B.A..  is  living  at  Raglan,  Ont.— - — A. 
G.  Knight,  B.A.,  is  living  at  Trenton, 

Ont. D.  C.  McHenry,  B.A.,  M.A.  '76, 

(Ob.). F.S.Nugent,  B.A.,  is  manager 

of  Trust  and  Loan  Co.,  Winnipeg,  Man. 

P.  C.  Palmer,  B.A.,  is  living  in 

Denver,  Col. W.  Pollard,  B.A.  (Ob.). 

— J.  L.  Whiting,  B.A.,  is  living  itt 

Kingston,  Ont. R.  B.  Wood,  B.A.,  is 

living  in  Peterborough,  Ont. 


Faculty  of  Medicine. 

Addresses  unknown. 
1893. 

Joseph  Murray,  M.D.,  C.M.— 
John  McKenzie,  M.B.  • 


-Wm. 


1894 

Jaines  Davis  Curtis,  M.B. — -Albert 
Hamilton  Jones,  M.B. 
1895. 

William  Daw  Keith,  M.B. Henry 

Paine,  M.B. John  Knox  McQuarrie, 

M.B. 

1896. 

George  Elliott  Cook,  M.B. George 

Alfred  Elliott,  M.B. James  Mostyn 

McCarter.M.B. Edwin  Bruce   White, 

M.B. 

1893. 

James    Wellington    Crane,    M.B. — 
Thomas  Brown  McDonald,  M.B. 


Faculty  of  Medicine. 

Class  of  1*78. 

J.  Adair,  M.B.  (ob.).  -  -  J.  Algie, 
M.B.,  is  a  physician  in  Alton,  Ont. — 
T.  H.  Ashby,  M.B.,  is  a  physician  in 
Woodbridge,  Ont.  -  -  A.  M.  Baines, 
M.B.,  is  A  practising  physician.  194 
Simcoe  St.,  Toronto,  Ont.  -  -  W.  H. 

Bentley,   M.B.    (ob.). J.    D.   Bonnar, 

M.B.,    is    a   physician    residing   at    144 

Jewett   Ave.,    Buffalo,    N.    Y. C.    E. 

Carthew,  M.B.,  is  a  physician  at  Qu - 

Appelle  Station,  Assa. C.  K.  Clarke, 

M.B.,  is  on  the  staff  of  the  Asylum  for 
the  Insane.  Kingston,  Ont.  -  -  S.  A. 
Cornell,  M.B.  (ob.).  -  -  W.  Cornell, 
M.B.,  M.D.,  is  a  physician  at  Port 

Huron,  Mich. W.  A.  Dafoe,  M.B.,  is 

a  physician  at  Madoc,  Ont.  -  -  A. 
Davidson,  M.B.,  is  a  physician  at  207 

College    St.,    Toronto,    Ont. H.    A. 

DeLom,  M.B.,  is  in  the  British  Army. 
Indian  Service. — -W.  H.  Doupe.  M.B. 
(ob.). F.  J.  Duggan.  M.B..  is  a  phy- 
sician at  Grand  Forks,  Dak. J.  H. 

Gardiner.  M.D.  (ob.).  -  -  S.  H.  Glas- 
gow, M.D.,  is  a  physician  -in  Wei- 
land,  Ont.  -  -  H.  S.  Griffin,  B.A. 
'74,  M.B.,  is  a  practising  physician, 
151  ,Main  St.,  Hamilton,  Ont.  -  -  J. 
Groves,  M.B.,  is  a  physician  at  Mano- 
tick,  Ont.  -  -  Jacob  Hartman,  M.B. 

(ob.). J.  B.  Howell.  M.D.  (ob.). — 

D.   Jamieson,   M.B.,   is  a  physician  in 

Durham,  Ont. J.  R.  Jones,  M.B..  is 

a  physician  in  Winnipeg,   Man. G. 

A.  Kennedy,  M.B.,  is  a  physician  at 
Fort  Macleod,  N.W.T.  -  -  F.  King, 


TORONTONENSIA. 


233 


M.D.,  is  a  physician  in  St.  Catharines, 
Ont.  -  -  J.  E.  Langstaff.  M.D.,  is 
a  physician  residing  at  197th  Ave., 

Brooklyn,     N.Y.  S.     Lett,     M.D.. 

is   a  physician   in   Guelph,   Ont. H. 

Meek,  M.B.,  is  a  physician  residing  at 

331  Queen's  Ave.,  London,  Ont. W. 

McKay,  M.B.,  is  a  physician,  702  Spa- 

dina    Ave.,    Toronto. A.    S.    Ogg, 

M.D.,  is  a  physician  at  Gundaiga,  N.S. 

W.,  Australia". J.  R.  Pomeroy,  M.B., 

is  a  physician  residing  at  1417  Euclid 
Ave.,  St.  Louis,  Mo.  -  -  R.  A.  Pyne, 
M.D.,  is  a  physician  at  263  Ger- 

rard  St.  E.,  Toronto,  Ont. J.  P.  Ran- 

kin,  M.B.,  is  a  physician  in  Stratford, 

Ont. Alex.  Robinson,  M.B.  (ob.). 

W.  T.  Robson,  M.D.,  is  a  physi- 
cian in  Vanneck,  Ont. J.  F.  W.  Ross, 

M.D.,  is  a  Professor  in  the  University 
of  Toronto  Medical  Faculty  and  a 
physician  residing  at  481  Sherbourne 

St.,      Toronto,      Ont. M.      Stalker, 

M.B.,    is    a    physician    in    Walkerton, 

Ont. U.    M.    Stanley,    M.B.,    is    a 

physician     in     Brantford,     Ont. J. 

F.  Vanderburg,  M.B.,  is  a  physician 
in  Merritton,  Ont.  -  -  A.  Williams, 
M.D.,  is  a  physician  in  Aylmer, 
Ont. A.  Wilson.  M.B..  is  a  physi- 
cian at  Fenelon  Falls,  Ont.— — D.  H. 
Wilson,  M.B,  is  a  physician  at  Nelson- 
ville,  Man. 

The  addresses  of  the  following  are 
unknown: — W.  H.  Burton,  M.B..  M.D. 

'81. J.    McGrath,    M.B. L.    Craig, 

M.D. 


Ocean  Water. 

Professor  A.  B.  Macallum  read  a 
paper  before  the  Canadian  Institute  on 
"  The  History  of  the  Composition  of 
Ocean  Water  "  recently,  which  dealt 
with  the  various  theories  which  were 
advanced  to  account  for  the  presence 
of  the  salts  in  sea  water.  The  views  of 
irofessor  Joly,  of  Dublin,  published 
three  years  ago,  were  also  discussed. 
According  to  this  geologist,  the  amount 
of  sodium  chloride  in  the  sea  is  due  to 
that  which  has  been  washed  from  the 
land  areas  for  a  very  long  period  of 
time  and  discharged  into  the  sea  by 
river  water.  As  the  amount  in  the  sea 
is  known,  the  amount  of  sodium,  there- 
fore, may  be  estimated  also  approxi- 
mately, and  since  the  amount  of 
sodium  annually  discharged  by  rivers 
is  also  known,  the  figures  representing 


the  amount  in  the  sea,  when  divided 
by  that  representing  the  river  sodium 
discharged,  ought  to  give  the  length  of 
time  which  has  elapsed  since  the  oceans 
were  first  formed.  This  Professor 
Joly  has  determined  to  be  89,300,000 
years.  The  criticism  of  the  geologists. 
Osmond  Fisher  and  Dubois,  demon- 
strated that  a  part  of  the  salt  in  river 
water  was  carried  to  the  land  from 
the  sea  by  the  rain,  and  this  would 
make  the  divisor  smaller  than  that 
used  by  Joly.  Consequently  the  pro- 
bable limit  of  time  since  the  first 
ocean  formation  must  be  much  greater. 

The  interest,  however,  in  the  ques- 
tion lay  in  its  bearing  on  physiological 
problems.  The  sea  is  the  original 
home  of  all  life.  It  is  admitted  by 
all  the  leading  geologists  that  the 
period  which  closed  with  the  begin- 
ning of  the  adaptation  of  marine  ani- 
mal forms  to  a  land  life  was  very 
much  longer  than  all  the  subsequent 
periods  taken  together.  During  all 
this  time  the  composition  of  the  sea 
gradually  changed,  but  living  organ- 
isms adapted  themselves  to  the 
changes.  It  was  pointed  out  that 
we  have,  in  the  presence  of  salts  in 
our  tissues,  some  evidence  of  this 
adaptation,  but  the  clearest  evidence 
of  this  is  to  be  found  in  the  blood 
plasma.  The  proportions  of  sodium, 
potassium  and  calcium  from  man  down 
to  the  lowest  of  the  fishes,  and  in  the 
plasma  of  many  of  the  invertebrates 
are,  curiously,  the  same.  This  can  only 
be  the  result  of  heredity,  and,  as  the 
lecturer  pointed  out,  these  proportions 
are  almost  those  found  in  sea  water 
of  to-day.  The  explanation  which  he 
advanced  is  that  these  proportions 
have  been  inherited  from  the  time 
when  the  marine  ancestral  proto- 
types of  the  vertebrates  living  in 
the  pre-Cambrian  ocean,  had  a  vascu- 
lar system,  in  which  sea  water  was 
the  circulatory  fluid.  When  the  vas- 
cular system  became  closed  off  the 
tissues  reproduced  in  their  circulatory 
fluid  the  proportions  to  which  they 
had  through  long  ages  become  accus- 
tomed, and,  in  consequence,  tne  salts 
of  the  blood  plasma  are  but  a  legacy 
from  the  life  in  the  oceans  of  the  far- 
distant  past. 

It  was  further  pointed  out  that  the 
proportions  in  the  tissues  are  very 
different  from  those  in  the  blood 
plasma.  If  the  proportions  in  the 


234 


UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY. 


latter  are  a  reproduction  through  here- 
dity from  the  past,  why  may  not  those 
of  the  tissues,. which  are  of  course  of 
more  ancient  origin  than  the  plasma, 
be  a  reproduction  of  the  proportions 
which  obtained  in  the  oceans  of  a  much 
earlier  period?  It  was  shown  from 
the  larger  number  of  analyses  that 
in  some  of  the  fresh  water  lakes 
surrounded  by  areas  covered  by  gran- 
ite and  gneiss  rock  the  proportions  of 
the  three  elements  are  very  different 
from  what  they  are  in  the  sea.  and  not 
unlike  those  found  in  the  tissues.  In 
all  probability  if  these  lakes  lost  their 
outlets  they  would  gradually  become 
richer  in  these  elements,  and  if  life 
were  to  originate  in  them  the  pro- 
portions would  approximately  be 
those  in  their  habitat,  and  like  those 
now  found  in  the  tissues  of  verte- 
brates. If  such  closed-off  lakes  ex- 
isted for  a  long  time,  the  salts  would 
become  concentrated,  while  the  pro- 
portions would  change  to  those  of 
ocean  water.  On  the  whole,  the  evi- 
dence seems  to  indicate  that  the  pro- 
portions of  the  salts  in  the  tissues  are 
a  reproduction  of  those  which  occurred 
in  the  oceans  of  the  earliest  geological 
period,  and  that  here  the  same  forces 
of  heredity  operate  which  make  the 
blood  plasma  but  a  representation  of 
the  sea  water  which  was  once  the  only 
circulatory  fluid. 

Montreal  Alumni. 

There  was  a  very  successful  reunion  of 
the  alumni  resident  in  the  city  and  dis- 
trict of  Montreal  at  the  first  annual  ban- 
quet of  the  Montreal  Alumni  Association, 
March  12th.  Vice.-Pre,sident  Ramsay 
Wright  and  Principal  Button  were  present 
to  represent  the  University.  Hon.  Richard 
Harcourt,  who  had  also  accepted  the  invi- 
tation of  the  alumni  to  address  them  on 
the  occasion,  was  detained  in  Toronto  by 
the  opening  of  the  Legislature.  The  presi- 
dent of  the  local  association,  Rev.  Professor 
Scrimger,  presided,  and  the  various 
toasts  called  forth  vigorous  and  entertain- 
ing speeches. 


Personals. 

G.  A.  Fe>e,  M.B.  '88,  is  a  teacher  in 
Loyola  College,  Montreal. 

Wm.  Morrison,  B.A.  '00,  has  removed 
from  Ashgrove  to  Barrie,  Ont. 


J.  M.  Forster,  M.B.  '86,  is  on  the 
staff  of  the  Asylum  at  Mimico,  Ont. 

Rev.  F.  E.  Malott,  B.A.  '99.  has  re- 
moved from  Guilds  to  Hensall,  Ont. 

R.  S.  Shaw,  B.S.A.  '93,  has  been  ap- 
pointed professor  of  agriculture  at  the 
Michigan  Agricultural  College. 

R.  C.  Wilson,  B.A.  '97,  has  removed 
from  59  Metcalfe  Street,  Montreal,  to 
Ottawa,  Ont. 

R.  Wightman,  B.A.  '97,  has  removed 
from  Paris,  Ont.,  to  Toronto  and  re- 
sides at  53  Kenilworth  Avenue. 

A.  D.  McKittrick,  B.A.  '96,  is  part 
pioprietor  and  editor  of  the  "Orange- 
ville  Banner,"  Orangeville,  Ont. 

J.  L.  Island,  B.A.  '93,  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Dufferin  County  Coun- 
cil at  the  last  municipal  election. 

Rev.  B.  A.  Kinder,  B.A.  '02,  has  re- 
moved from  Strathroy  to  Oil  Springs, 
Ont. 

G.  W.  Rowland,  B.A.  '97,  lu.B.  '00, 
L.R.C.P.,  has  been  admitted  to  the 
degree  M.R.C.P.,  Eng. 

W.  A.  R.  Carr,  B.A.  '99,  M.A.  '01 
will  reside  at  Rue  Gerbillon,  Paris, 
France,  until  June. 

A.  B.  Gushing.  B.A.  '93,  is  a  lumber 
merchant  at  Edmonton  and  Calgary. 
N.W.T. 

E.  E.  Reid,  B.A.  '94  (A.I. A.)  is  as- 
sistant manager  of  the  London  Life 
Assurance  Co.,  L9ndon,  Ont. 

W.  A.  D.  Montgomery,  M.B.  '81,  is 
a  physician  at  305  North  Clark  St., 
Chicago.  111. 

J.  D.  Bonnar.  M.B.  '78,  has  removed 
from  268  Clinton  Street  to  144  Jewett 
Avenue,  Buffalo,  N.Y. 

Rev.  Samuel  J.  Farmer,  B.A.  '88,  has 
removed  from  Perth  to  Brantford, 
Ont. 

Rev.  D.  Findlay.  B.A.  '76,  is  a  Pres- 
byterian minister  at  Bell's  Corners, 
Ont. 

J.  O.  Carss,  B.A.  '98,  barrister,  has 
removed  from  Smith's  Falls  to  Ot- 
tawa. Ont. 

Rev.  Geo.  E.  Morphy,  B.A.  '85,  Is 
pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  Church, 
Denison,  Iowa. 

G.  W.  O.  Dowsley.  M.B.  '99.  has  re- 
moved from  Michipicoten  Harbor,  Ont., 
to  78  Robinson  Street,  Toronto. 

G.  M.  Stewart.  B.A.  '00,  is  taking  a 
two  months'  course  in  the  School  of 
Mines.  Kingston,  Ont. 

J.  E.  Ross  (S.  P.  S.  '88),  D.  &  O.  L. 
S.,  has  removed  from  Kamloops  to 
Golden,  B.  C. 


TORONTONENSIA. 


235 


Miss  Anna  W.  Ballard.  '00,  his  re- 
moved to  179  Lexington  Ave.,  B  ffalo, 
N.  Y. 

C.  C.  McCaul,  B.A.  '79,  K.C.,  who 
has  been  practicing  in  the  North-West 
Territories  and  the  Yukon,  has  been 
called  to  the  Bar  of  British  Columbia. 

Alexander  T.  Steele,  M.B.  '01,  who 
is  a  son  of  Alexander  Steele,  B.A.  '76, 
Orangeville,  Ont.,  is  a  physician  in 
Arva,  Ont. 

John  Jennings.  B.A.  '96,  LL.B.  '97, 
has  withdrawn  from  the  law  firm  of 
Watson,  Smoke,  and  Smith,  and  has 
resumed  private  practice  with  offices 
in  the  Canada  Permanent  Chambers. 

F.  A.  Cleland,  B.A.  '98,  M.B.  '01.  has 
r<  moved  from  Toronto  to  440  Wesi 
4^th  Street,  New  York,  where  he  is  a 
pactising  physician. 

A.  L.  McTaggart,  B.A.Sc.  '94,  form- 
erly on  the  staff  of  the  Lackawanna 
Iron  and  Steel  Co.,  Scranton,  Pa.,  has 
removed  to  Dundas.  Ont. 

Geo.  E.  Cook,  M.B.  '96,  is  a  physi- 
cian to  the  Silver  Cross  Nurse  Asso- 
ciation, and  his  address  is  1400  Madi- 
son Ave.,  Chicago. 

H.  P.  Biggar,  B.A.  '94,  who  is  pur- 
suing his  investigations  in  Canadian 
history  in  the  Biblioteque  Nationale, 
Paris,  resides  at  15  Rue  de  Beaujolais. 

A.  W.  Hendrick,  B.A.  '97,  is  in 
charge  of  the  department  of  English 
Language  and  Literature  at  Whitman 
College,  Walla  Walla.  Wash. 

J.  H.  Davidson,  B.A.  '98,  has  re- 
moved from  Bath  to  Markham,  Ont., 
where  he  is  mathematical  master  in 
the  High  School. 

Florance  •  Ryan,  B.A.  '01,  wno  is 
studying  medicine  at  McGill  Univer- 
sity, resides  at  177  Mansfield  Street, 
Montreal. 

W.  G.  Fitzgerald,  B.A.  '00,  has  re- 
moved from  Montreal  to  Ottawa, 
where  he  is  on  the  staff  of  the  United 
Empire  Life  Assurance  Co. 

E.  H.  Cooper,  B.A.  '00,  who  has  been 
for  some  time  engaged  in  journalistic 
work  in  Montreal,  is  now  secretary  of 
the  Canadian  Manufacturers  Associa- 
tion in  that  city. 

J.  M.  Martin,  B.A.  '96,  is  general 
sales  agent  of  the  Nernst  Lamp  Co., 
Pittsburgh,  Pa.  His  address  is  202 
Real  Estate  Trust  Building,  Philadel- 
phia, Pa. 

N.  M.  Ross,  B.S.A.  '98,  is  assistant  in 
the  Dominion  Department  of  Forestry, 
Ottawa.  His  special  work  is  in  tree- 


planting  on  the  prairies  of  Manitoba, 
and  the  North-West. 

J.  S.  Plaskett,  B.A.  '99.  who  has  been 
the  electrical  and  mechanical  expert 
at  the  University  of  Toronto  since 
1890,  will  go  to  Ottawa  to  take  a  posi- 
tion in  the  new  observatory. 

O.  Mowat  Biggar,  B.A.  '98.  barrister, 
has  removed  from  Toronto  to  Edmon- 
ton, Alta.,  where  he  has  entered  the 
law  firm  of  Short  &  Cross,  of  which 
C.  W.  Cross.  B.A.  '95,  is  a  member. 

Mrs.  E.  W.  Mahood.  B.A.  '99  (Miss 
E.  G.  Potter),  is  instructor  in  Algebra. 
Civics  and  Athletics  in  the  School  of 
Agriculture,  University  of  Minnesota, 
and  resides  at  St.  Anthony  Park. 
Minn. 

Malcolm  N.  Ross,  B.S.A.  '98,  has 
been  appointed  assistant  director  of 
the  Biltmore  estate,  North  Carolina, 
the  property  of  George  Vanderbilt. 
This  estate  is  one  of  the  great  ex- 
perimental estates  of  America. 

M.  A.  Buchanan.  B.A.  '01.  who  last 
year  heid  a  fellowship  at  the  Univer- 
sity of  Chicago,  is  this  year  .studying 
in  Europe,  and  his  address  is  51  Rue 
de  Monsieur  le  Prince,  Paris. 

D.  Burns.  S.P.S.  '83  (O.L.S.).  form- 
erly on  the  staff  of  the  American 
Bridge  Co.,  Keystone  Branch.  Pitts- 
burgh. Pa.,  is  now  in  the  employ  of 
the  West  Side  Belt  R.  R.  His  address 
is  Pittsburgh  Bank  for  Savings  Build- 
ing. Pittsburgh.  Pa. 

George  Wilkie.  B.A.  '88,  formerly  of 
the  law  firm  of  Wilkie  &  Wood,  has 
formed  a  law  partnership  with  Mayor 
Urquhart.  of  Toronto,  the  firm  being 
known  as  Urquhart,  Urquhart  & 
Wilkie. 

George  Harcourt,  B.S.A.  '89.  has  been 
appointed  superintendent  of  Fairs  and 
Farmers'  Institutes  for  the  North- 
West  Territories,  with  headquarters 
at  Regina.  Mr.  Harcourt  has  recently 
been  editor  of  the  "  Northwest  Farm- 
er," Winnipeg. 

The  three  members  of  the  Board  of 
Examiners  of  the  Actuarial  Society  of 
America  are  this  year  Canadian  Uni- 
versity men,  F.  Sanderson,  M.A.  '88, 
of  the  Canada  Life  Assurance  Co.,  To- 
ronto, and  R.  Henderson,  B.A.  '91,  of 
the  Equitable  Life  Assurance  Co.,  New 
York,  being  graduates  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Toronto,  and  F.  H.  Johnston. 
B.A.,  a  graduate  of  McGill  University. 

In  speaking  of  the  Professor  of 
Physics  in  Hamilton  College,  Clinton, 


236 


UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY. 


New  York,  who  is  Samuel  J.  Savmders. 
B.A.  '88,  M.A.  '94.  D.Sc.,  the  "  Hamil- 
ton Literary  Magazine  "  says  that  he 
is  "  an  up  to  date  investigator,"  "  the 
embodiment  of  the  new  science  move- 
ment." "  he  has  the  absolute  confid- 
ence of  his  students  and  colleagues 
alike." 

F.  H.  Sykes.  B.A.  '85,  M.A.  '86.  Ph.D., 
has  recently  been  appointed  by  Colum- 
bia University,  director  of  the  newly 
created  Extension  Department  and 
professor  of  English  Literature  in  the 
same  department.  Dr.  Sykes  has  al- 
ready distinguished  himself  by  his  ad- 
vanced work  at  Johns  Hopkins  Univer- 
sity, and  his  success  as  an  Extension 
lecturer  in  connection  with  the  Phila- 
delphia organization. 

Professor  H.  Rushton  Fairclough. 
M.A.,  Ph.D.,  of  Stanford  University, 
and  Professor  W.  P.  Mustard,  Ph.D.  of 
Haverford  College,  have  been  spending 
their  "sabbatical"  in  Europe  together. 
Dr.  Mustard  was  recently  presented 
to  the  Pope  with  a  small  number  of 
other  Canadians.  He  intends  to  spend 
the  coming  months  in  Sicily  and 
Greece. 

The  Knox  College  Theological  and 
Literary  Society  has  elected  the  fol- 
lowing officers  :  President,  Gillies 
Eadie,  B.A.  '01;  first  vice-president, 
Alex.  McLean;  Second  vice-president, 
Walter  Nichol,  '03;  critic.  James  Little, 
B.A.  '01;  recording  secretary,  H.  B. 
Ketchen,  B.A.;  corresponding  secre- 
tary, J.  E.  Reid,  '03;  treasurer,  W.  M. 
/McKay,  '03;  secretary  of  committee, 
David  Ritchie;  curator,  J.  McD.  Moore; 
councillors,  D.  A.  McKay,  '05,  C.  A. 
Myers,  B.A.,  J.  Sherrard. 

Lawrence  H.  Tasker,  B.A.  '97.  M.A. 
'98,  LL.B.  '00,  has  been  appointed  as- 
sistant supervisor  of  Lectures  for  the 
city  of  New  York.  There  are  over  a 
thousand  men  in  the  employ  of  the 
Department  of  Lectures  and  Mr.  Tas- 
ker's  position  is  second  in  the  man- 
agement of  the  system.  After  leaving 
the  University  Mr.  Tasker  graduated 
from  the  Normal  College,  and  after 
teaching  in  the  Tilsonburg  high  school 
for  one  year,  became  classical  master 
of  the  Niagara  Falls  collegiate  insti- 
tute, resigning  after  two  years  to  be- 
come principal  of  the  Almonte  high 
school.  A  year  ago  he  was  appointed 
to  the  DeWitt  Clinton  high  school, 
New  York. 

Hibbert  Winslow  Hill,  M.B.  '93, 
M.D.  '99,  held  the  George  Brown 


Scholarship  on  graduation,  studying 
bacteriology  under  Dr.  John  Caven; 
after  a  post-graduate  course  in  bacteri- 
ology under  Dr.  Wm.  Welch  of  Johns 
Hopkins,  he  was  appointed  demon- 
strator in  bacteriology  and  pathology 
on  Toronto  University  :Medical  Fac- 
ulty, and  later  became  associated  in 
bacteriological  work  with  Geo.  W. 
Fuller  in  Louisville,  Ky..  B.  Meade 
Bolton  in  Philadelphia,  and  E.  H.  v^il- 
son  in  Brooklyn,  N.Y.,  becoming 
Director  of  the  Water  Supply  Labora- 
tory in  Brooklyn.  On  the  consolida- 
tion of  Brooklyn  with  New  York  in 
1898.  he  became  Director  of  the  Boston 
Board  of  Health  Bacteriological  Lab- 
oratory, where  he  is  now. 

Otto  J.  Klotz,  Class  of  '73,  of  the  De- 
partment of  the  Interior,  Ottawa,  has 
gone  upon  important  work  to  the  Paci- 
fic Ocean,  where  he  will  lay  down  the 
longitude  between  Vancouver  and  Bris- 
bane. The  accurate  determination  of 
the  longitude  for  localities  in  this  vast 
area  was  rendered  possible  by  the  con- 
struction of  the  all-British  cable  be- 
tween Vancouver  and  Australia. 

D.  C.  Campbell.  B.A.  '02,  writes  in 
glowing  terms  of  the  mild  climate,  the 
ranching  lands,  fertile  farms  and 
widely  distributed  coal  areas  of  Al- 
berta, and  speaks  of  "  sunny  Alberta's 
bright  winter  days."  After  graduation 
Mr.  Campbell  entered  mercantile  life 
in  Lacombe,  which  is  surrounded  by 
rich  agricultural  districts  whose  fertil- 
ity has  been  the  cause  of  the  steady 
growth  of  the  town.  The  success  of 
ranching  in  Northern  Alberta  is  shown 
by  the  present  wealth  of  many  who 
went  there  a  few  years  ago  from  East- 
ern Canada,  and  some  from  Mr.  Camp- 
bell's old  home,  Zorra,  Ont.  Mixed 
farming  has  been  successfully  intro- 
duced and  the  dairy  industry  is  rapidly 
growing.  Mr.  Campbell  thinks  "  the 
West  is  the  place  for  farmers  with  lim- 
ited capital;  for  strong,  active  and  in- 
dustrious young  men  with  no  hope  of 
advancement  in  the  East,  whether  de- 
siring to  engage  in  a  professional  or 
business  career." 


Marriage. 

Henderson-Smith  —  At  Courtright, 
Ont.,  August  28,  1902,  Mabel  A.  Smith, 
B.A.  '99,  to  E.  H.  Henderson,  Wards- 
ville,  Ont.,  now  inspector  of  the  Ta- 
gona  Water  and  Light  Co.,  Sault  Ste. 
Marie. 


REVEREND  MATTHEW  RICHEY,  D.D. 

PRINCIPAL  UPPER  CANADA  ACADEMY,  COBOURG, 
1836-1839 


THE 


VOL.  III.  MAY,  1903.  No.  8. 

TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 

PAGE  PAGE 

Rev.  Matthew Richey.D.D. ,By,T. Mac-  Alumni  Publications      .     .     .         261 

dona/d  Oxley,  B.A.,  LL.D.,   and  New  York  Alumnae       .     .     .         261 

Rev.  N.  Burwash,  S.T.D.,  LL.D.     237  Brant  County  Alumni    ...         261 

Is  the   University   Question  to  be  Re-  British  Columbia  Alumni   .      .         261 

opened  ?    By  Rev.    N.    Bunoash,  Reunion  of  the  Class  of  1888    .        261 

8.T.D.,  LL.D 239  The  Richardson  Jubilee      .     .        262 

Authorization  of  Text  Books,  By  W.  Victoria  Convocation  for  Degrees 

J.  Robertson,  B.A.,  LL.B.         .      .  244  in  Theology 262 

A  Provincial  Library  Commission,  By  Faculty  of  Arts,  Class  of  1899       .   262 

H.H.  Lang/ton,  B.A.             .           .  249  Victoria,  Class  of 

Latin  Versions,  Maurice  Hutton,  M.  A.  256  1874 264 

Convocation  Hall  Fund 256  Faculty  of  Medicine,  Class  of  1879  264 

Torontonensia 259        Personals 265 

James  Washington  Bell,  '77       ...  260        Marriages 267 

A  Graduate's  Success 260        Deaths 267 

Ontario  Educational  Association    .      .  260 

UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY  is  published  during  the  college  year  in  nine 
monthly  issues.  The  subscription  price  is  ONE  DOLLAR  per  year,  single  copies  FIFTEEN 
CENTS.  All  subscriptions  are  credited,  October-June,  unless  otherwise  ordered. 

All  remittances  and  communications  should  be  addressed  to  J.  C.  McLennan, 
Ph.D.,  Secretary  of  the  University  of  Toronto  Alumni  Association,  Dean's  House, 
University  of  Toronto. 

REVEREND  MATTHEW  RICKEY,  D.D. 

BY  J.   MACDONA.LD  OXLEY,  B.A.,  LL.D.,  AND  REV.  N.  BURWASH, 

S.T.D.,  LL.D. 

IN"  the  year  1803  there  was  born  in  a  very  wild  part  of  the  county 
of  Donegal  in  Ireland  a  boy  who  was  destined  to  become  the 
acknowledged  master  of  pulpit  eloquence  in  the  Methodist  Church 
of  Canada.  His  parents  were  members  of  the  Irish  Reformed 
Presbyterian  Church,  popularly  known  as  "  Covenanters,"  and  he 
was  being  trained  for  the  ministry  of  that  Church  when  a  young 
friend  invited  him  to  a  Methodist  prayer-meeting,  and  thereby 
unwittingly  changed  the  current  of  his  life,  as  it  led  to  his  becoming 
a  member  of  that  body. 

Naturally  enough  this  step  aroused  much  opposition  among  his 
relatives  and  friends,  the  consequence  of  which  was  he  decided  to 
•emigrate  to  British  North  America.  On  his  arrival  at  St.  John, 


238  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

N.B.,  lie  soon  obtained  a  situation  in  the  office  of  a  leading  lawyer, 
where  his  knowledge  of  the  classics  attracted  his  employer's  atten- 
tion, and  proved  the  ineans  of  his  being  appointed  an  assistant  to 
Dr.  Patterson  of  the  grammar  school.  Meanwhile  in  the  Ger- 
main Street  pulpit  he  had  commenced  his  long  and  brilliant  career 
as  a  preacher,  to  which  presently  his  entire  time  and  talents  were 
devoted. 

In  accordance  with  the  itinerant  system  of  the  Church  his  labours 
covered  a  wide  field,  including  such  far  separated  circuits  as  Hali- 
fax, Montreal  and  Toronto,  where  the  splendor  of  diction,  the 
rhetorical  beauty,  the  moving  earnestness,  and  the  intimate  know- 
ledge of  Scripture  his  sermons  and  addresses  displayed  attracted 
audiences  whose  size  was  limited  only  by  the  capacity  of  the  build- 
ing, and  upon  whom  he  exercised  a  profound  influence  for  good. 

Some  conception  of  the  splendor  of  his  eloquence  may  be  found 
from  the  testimony  of  a  Presbyterian  minister,  who  had  been  at 
Edinburgh  when  such  giants  as  Chalmers,  Candlish,  and  Guthrie 
were  in  their  prime,  and  who  after  hearing  Dr.  Richey  preach  a 
special  sermon,  pronounced  him  the  peer  of  them  all. 

Among  other  pastorates  filled  by  him  was  that  of  St.  James 
Church,  Montreal,  then  the  largest  Protestant  congregation  in  Can- 
ada, and  it  was  for  him  that  the  famous  gown  was  made  which  has 
been  worn  by  his  successors  in  that  pulpit  down  to  the  present  day. 
In  the  year  1836  the  subject  of  our  sketch  was  appointed  prin- 
.cipal   of  the  Upper  Canada  Academy  at  Cobourg,  which  subse- 
quently developed  into  Victoria  University. 

The  founding  of  this  college,  which  was  commenced  in  1830, 
was  one  of  the  steps  in  the  struggle  for  equal  rights  which 
marked  the  history  of  Canada  during  the  first  half  of  the  nine- 
teenth century  and  achieved  its  success  in  so  many  lines  about 
the  year  1850.  Dr.  Strachan's  University  Charter  of  1827  and 
his  Minor  College  of  1829,  made  a  corresponding  effort  on  the 
part  of  the  Methodists  a  denominational  necessity.  In  this  work 
Dr.  Ryerson  was  the  leader,  and  after  a  manful  struggle  of  six 
years  he  conquered  the  financial  and  legal  difficulties,  completed 
the  buildings  and  obtained  a  Royal  charter.  The  choice  of  Mr. 
Richey  in  1836  for  the  post  of  principal  was  a  tribute  to  his 
scholarly  attainments  and  his  high  character  as  a  Christian  gentle- 
man. Under  his  administration  the  institution  grew  rapidly  in 
popular  favour,  and  in  1839  numbered  about  150  students,  no  in- 
significant result  in  a  small  village  and  a  sparsely  peopled  country. 
He  gathered  around  him  a  staff  of  strong  young  men  as  professors, 
some  of  whom  became  very  widely  known  in  after  years  as  able 
educators.  When  he  was  first  beginning  to  achieve  permanent 
success  in  his  work,  the  disruption  of  the  union  between  British 


REVEREND  MATTHEW  RICHEY,  D.D.  239 

and  Canadian  Wesleyans  caused  him  to  resign  his  office  and  return 
to  pulpit  work,  his  firot  charge  being  Toronto. 

In  the  year  1836,  the  Wesleyan  University  of  Middleton,  Con- 
necticut, conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of  M.A.,  following  it 
with  the  higher  honor  of  D.D.  in  1847. 

Dr.  Bichey  received  at  the  hands  of  his  brethren  the  fullest  mea- 
sure of  appreciation.  In  1849,  and  again  in  1850,  he  was  elected 
President  of  the  Canada  Conference.  At  the  formation  of  the 
Conference  of  Eastern  British  America  he  was  appointed  co-dele- 
gate, and  for  the  next  succeeding  four  years  was  chosen  President, 
being  placed  again  in  the  chair  in  1867. 

As  may  be  supposed,  to  a  man  of  such  commanding  ability  there 
came  many  inducements  to  leave  the  Methodist  Church,  whose 
rewards  are  notably  meagre,  for  other  fields  where  the  emoluments 
and  dignities  would  have  been  far  greater,  but  none  of  these  things 
moved  him  from  his  allegiance,  and  he  continued  to  the  end  un- 
swervingly loyal  to  the  Church  of  his  early  choice. 

In  the  year  1849  he  was  thrown  from  a  carriage,  sustaining" 

"  severe  injuries  to  his  head,  and  although  for  years  thereafter  he 

•did  his  full  measure  of  work,  he  was  ultimately  compelled  to  retire 

from  public  work  as  a  result  of  these  injuries  rather  than  from 

advancing  age. 

The  closing  years  of  his  life  were  spent  in  Nova  Scotia,  and  he 
•died  at  Government  House,  Halifax,  where  he  was  residing  with 
his  eldest  son,  the  Hon.  M.  H.  Richey,  then  Lieutenant-Governor 
of  the  Province,  on  the  30th  of  October,  1833,  in  the  eightieth 
year  of  his  age,  and  sixty-third  of  his  ministry. 


IS  THE  UNIVERSITY  QUESTION  TO  BE  REOPENED  ? 

BY    N.    BURWASH,    S.T.D.,    LL.D. 

Chancellor  of  Victoria  University. 

IN  view  of  communications  which  have  appeared  in  the  daily 
press  recently,  and  of  the  peculiar  character  of  a  bill  of  which 
notice  has  been  given  at  Ottawa,  it  would  appear  that  a  serious  at- 
tempt is  to  be  made  to  reopen  the  entire  university  question  for  the 
Province  of  Ontario.  Under  these  circumstances  it  may  be  well 
for  the  public  to  review  the  history  of  this  subject,  and  to  ask  them- 
selves whether  they  are  prepared  to  reverse  the  forward  movement 
of  the  past  thirty-five  years,  and  begin  once  more  from  the  position 
of  the  last  generation,  a  series  of  experiments  upon  our  university 
policy.  The  university  question  has  now  been  before  the  country 


240  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY. 

for  seventy-six  years,  and  in  that  time  has  passed  through  five  suc- 
cessive stages  of  evolution.  The  first  period,  extending  from  1827 
to  1840,  was  one  of  strenuous  contest  against  a  charter  which  placed) 
the  Provincial  endowment  in  the  hands  of  a  single  denomination. 
During  this  period  we  had  no  university. 

The  next  period,  from  1 841  to  1850,  saw  the  inauguration  of  four 
colleges  with  university  powers  and  arts  curriculum,  one  enjoying 
the  Provincial  endowment  and  the  other  three  receiving  legislative 
grants  in  aid.  During  thi?  period  sixty-three  students  proceeded 
to  the  degree  of  B.A.  in  these  colleges. 

The  next  period  opened  with  the  severance  of  the  provincial  en- 
dowment and  charter  from  all  denominational  control,  and  the  con- 
seqiient  founding  of  a  new  denominational  college.  The  four  de- 
nominational colleges  were  still  granted  aid  from  public  funds; 
and  the  collegiate  system 'of  instruction  prevailed  in  all  five  col- 
leges throughout  the  entire  period  of  eighteen  years. 

The  fourth  period  began  with  the  withdrawal  of  all  legislative 
assistance  from  denominational  colleges,  thus  severing  the  provin- 
cial system  of  education  from  all  church  institutions,  except  at  the 
single  point  of  the  Roman  Catholic  separate  schools. 

There  can  be  no  doubt  that  the  legislative  action  of  1868,  while 
for  the  moment  it  seemed  almost  fatal,  was  eventually  far  more 
advantageous  to  the  colleges  of  the  churches  than  to  the  Provincial 
University.     The  fact  that  they  were  thus  thrown  upon  their  own 
resources  and  made  entirely  independent  of  Government  aid,  rallied 
their  friends  to  their  support;  and  in  a  few  years  both  Victoria  and 
Queen's  were  in  a  better  financial  position  than  they  had  ever 
reached  by  legislative  grants,  and  they  enjoyed  the  further  advant- 
age of  being  entirely  free  from  political  entanglements.     Still  fur- 
ther, they  were  enabled  to  extend  their  work,  Victoria  adding  a 
Science  Hall  and  additional  professors  to  her  scientific  equipment, 
and  Queen's  new  buildings  for  her  university  work.     The  number 
of  undergraduate  students  was  also  largely  increased  in  both  institu- 
tions, the  denominational  colleges  doing  one-half  or  more  of  the 
university  work  of  the  Province. 

pTThe  fifth  period  in  our  university  history  and  policy  was  brought 
/  about  not  by  legislative  action,  but  by  a  world-wide  change  in  the 
/  character  of  university  work,  and  by  the  consequent  needs  of  the 
Provincial  University. 

During  the  latter  half  of  the  nineteenth  century  the  university 
work  of  Europe  and  America  underwent  a  vast  expansion  through 
the  introduction  of  the  new  sciences  and  of  original  investigation 
as  parts  of  the  university  curriculum.  Beginning  in  Germany,  the 
movement  extended  to  the  English  and  Scotch  universities,  and  to 


IS  UNIVERSITY  QUESTION  TO  BE  REOPENED?     241 

the  leading  universities  of  the  United  States,  making  itself  specially 
felt  in  such  new  foundations  as  Johns  Hopkins,  Cornell  and  Chi- 
cago. The  result  is  that  the  old  collegiate  B.A.  course  is  now  but 
the  preparatory  school  of  the  university  proper,  which  finds  its 
field  in  post-graduate  courses.  Further,  the  B.A.  course  itself  be- 
comes specialized  through  options,  or  suited  to  the  practical  wants 
of  modern  life  by  the  substitution  of  modern  scientific  studies  for 
the  old  classical  culture  course.  In  consequence  the  cost  of  main- 
tenance of  the  modern  university  is  ten  times  that  of  the  old-time 
university  college,  and  the  minimum  is  now  placed  at  a  quarter  of 
a  million  dollars  per  annum.  At  the  beginning  of  the  fifth  period, 
1883,  the  income  of  the  Provincial  University  was  about  one-third 
of  this  amount.  In  the  whole  Dominion  we  had  no  university 
meeting  the  modern  university  requirements,  though  we  had  a 
number  doing  good  college  work  on  the  old  lines. 

It  was  at  this  juncture  that  the  Provincial  University  began  its 
appeal  to  the  Legislature  for  a  modern  and  adequate  university 
equipment.  That  appeal  was  both  just  and  patriotic.  It  was  a 
plea  for  justice  to  the  Provincial  University,  since  the  Govern- 
ment had  thirty-four  years  before  assumed  in  the  name  of  the  whole 
people  its  direction,  and  hence,  the  responsibility  for  its  proper 
maintenance.  It  was  patriotic,  inasmuch  as,  through  lack  of  the 
highest  facilities  at  home,  our  best  young  men  were  drifting  to 
the  United  States,  the  majority  of  them  not  to  return.  I  need  only 
mention  such  names  as  Schurman,  Paton,  Gould  and  Osier  as  ex- 
amples!} Xo  young  country  can  long  afford  to  be  thus  drained  of 
its  richest  blood.  But  however  just  and  patriotic  the  appeal,  it 
brought  about  at  once  a  political  deadlock.  The  Government, 
stronger  then  than  it  is  now,  was  yet  not  strong  enough  to  face  the 
opposition  of  the  denominational  colleges,  towards  whom  the  Pro- 
vincial University  had  from  the, beginning  occupied  the  unfortu- 
nate relation  of  rivalry.  When  I  say  this  I  am  speaking  rather  of 
her  misfortune  than  her  fault.  At  each  of  the  great  points  of 
evolutionary  change,  the  opportunity  for  that  unity  and  co-opera- 
tion which  alone  could  meet  the  country's  educational  needs  had 
been  missed.  Sir  William  Mulock,  then  Vice-Chancellor  of  the 
University  of  Toronto,  with  the  breadth  of  view  which  has  charac- 
terized all  his  work,  fully  grasped  the  situation,  and  approached 
the  denominational  colleges  with  the  single  question,  "Is  there 
no  way  in  which  we  can  co-operate  to  meet  the  pressing  need-  <>f 
the  country?"  It  would  have  been  worse  than  disgraceful,  it 
would  have  been  criminal,  had  the  authorities  of  the  existing  col- 
hues  turned  a  deaf  ear  to  this  broad,  patriotic  appeal.  They  did 
not  do  so,  but  meeting  in  Toronto  early  in  1884,  they  began  the- 


242          UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY. 

discussion  of  the  question  on  the  basis  of  an  outline  scheme  of 
federation  presented  by  the  late  Chancellor  Nelles,  and  drawn  up 
largely  by  the  present  writer.     At  the  first  conference  there  were 
historic  names  present:    Sir  Daniel  Wilson,   Chancellor  ISfelles, 
Principal  Grant,  Dr.  Castle,  Father  Vincent,  with  the  younger 
men  who  still  survive.     Of  all  these  not  one  questioned  the  desir- 
ability of  some  basis  upon  which  we  could  unite  to  build  up  a  truly 
Provincial  University,  worthy  not  only  of  our  Province,  but  also 
cf  our  Dominion.     But  to  ^nd  such  a  basis  was  a  problem  of  ex- 
treme difficulty.     Each  college  was  rightly  conservative  of  what 
ir  conceived  to  be  its  own  interests,  and  keenly  alive  to  what  it 
knew  well  would  be  the  burden  imposed  upon  it  by  the  changes 
which  the  new  departure  must  require.     The  result,  after  a  year 
of  deliberation,  was  a  scheme  embodying  the  essential  features  of 
the  original  idea  of  federation  first  presented  in  the  Baldwin  Bill 
of  1842  and  repeated  at  various  later  periods.     But  like  all  such 
platforms,  it  involved  many  compromises  which  doubtless  rendered 
it  ideally  imperfect,  and  demanded  no  little  faith  and  self-sacrifice 
or  the  part  of  the  various  negotiating  parties.     But,  with  all  its 
defects,  the  most  important  of  which  have  been  in  part  removed 
by  subsequent  legislation,  the  plan  was  accepted  by  the  members 
-of  the  conference,  laid  before  their  respective  governing  boards, 
accepted  by  some,  rejected  by  others,  and  finally  accepted  by  the 
Government  and  Legislature  as  the  basis  of  the  Federation  Act 
of  1887.     Victoria  University,  the  oldest  of  the  denominational 
colleges,  and,  when  the  struggle  began  the  strongest,  alone  grap- 
pled with  the  moral,  legal  and  financial  difficulties  of  adjustment 
to  the  new  policy,  an4  after  long  years  of  conflict  and  litigation, 
and  at  a  cost  of  nearly  a  million  dollars,  finds  herself  and  the  people 
whom  she  represents  securely  and  strongly  in  line  with  the  new 
policy.     Queen's,  on  the  other  hand,  considered  the  sacrifices  to 
be  made  and  the  difficulties  to  be  overcome  too  great,  and  deter- 
mined to  try  her  lot  where  she  Avas  and  as  she  was;  and  largely 
through  the  energy  and  tact  of  the  great  man  who  presided  over 
her  destinies,  she  has  made  no  unsuccessful  battle  for  continued 
independent  existence.     For  her  brave  struggle  in  this  direction, 
we  must  all  admire  her,  and  honor  the  brave  man  whose  noblest 
monument  is  the  Queen's  of  to-day.     Judged  by  the  standards  of 
the  old  time  university  college,  Queen's  is  doing  excellent  work. 
But  judged  by  the  standards  of  the  modern  university,  her  re- 
sources must  be  multiplied  many  times  before  she  is  such  a  uni- 
versity as  the  Province  demands  at  the  head  of  her  educational 
system.     And  when  Queen's  aspires  to  be  made  by  Government 


IS   UNIVERSITY  QUESTION  TO  BE  REOPENED?    243 

aid  a  provincial  university  co-ordinate  with  the  University  of  To- 
ronto, several  very  grave  questions  arise. 

1.  Can  this  Province  afford  two  universities  fully  equipped  for 
the  modern  requirements,  each  with  an  annual  income  of  say  a 
quarter  of  a  million  dollars,  and  each  meeting  in  full  those  needs 
of  the  country  which  led  to  the  adoption  of  the  Federation  policy? 

2.  If  the  Government  is  prepared  to  build  up  such  a  second 
Provincial  University  in  the  east,  how  can  it  refuse  the  claims  of 
the  west,  where  a  still  larger  population,  with  numerous  embryo- 
cities,  centres  around  London? 

3.  Is  it  just  either  to  the  Provincial  University  or  to  Victoria 
that  the  result  for  which  they  have  both  made  immense  pecuniary 
and  other  sacrifices,  should  be  indefinitely  postponed,  while  nearly 
fifty  thousand  dollars  a  year  are  being  expended  in  building  up 
an  institution  which  can  only  perpetuate  the  divided  and  enfeeb- 
ling policy  of  the  past? 

4.  Is  it  just  to  the  people  of  the  whole  Province  that  they  should 
wait  in  vain  for  the  university  which  they  need,  and  for  lack  of 
which  the  country  is  losing  many  of  her  brightest  sons,  while  the 
public  funds  are  being  spent  in  building  up  a  secondary  institution 
the  work  of  which  could  be  far  more  efficiently  and  economically 
done  by  another  college  in  the  common  university  centre? 

5.  I  shall  not  ask  further,  is  it  wise  to  return  to  the  old  entang- 
ling policy  of  State  aid  to  denominational  institutions?     Queen's 
herself  has  answered  that  question  by  assuming  the  non-denomina- 
tional garb. 

6.  But,  over  and  above  these  serious  and  unanswerable  queries, 
the  people  of  Ontario  should  further  ask:  Is  it  sound  political  prin- 
ciple to  make  grants  of  public  money  to  any  institution  without 
exercising  over  it  thorough  public  control,  and  requiring  full  ac- 
count   to    the    Legislature  of    the    expenditure    of    such  money? 
Queen's  may  cut  off  the  right  arm  of  her  strength,  her  Presby- 
terian theological  faculty,  and  may  even  go  further  to  do  the  same 
by  her  Presbyterian  clerical  head,  and  may  hand  over  the  maimed 
and,  we  should  fear,  dying  body  to  a  joint  stock  company  collected 
not  from  one  locality  or  of  one  nationality  or  faith,  but  from  vari- 
ous classes  of  the  people  and  parts  of  the  country      But  if  on 
that  account  she  is  to  be  adopted  as  a  part  of  the  public  system  for 
which  the  Government  and  Legislature  of  the  Province  are  respon- 
sible, there  is  no  reason  why  other  educational  joint  stock  com- 
panies in  Ottawa,  Whitby,  Toronto,  or  Brantford  should  not  claim 
similar  recognition  and  support.     They,  too,  can  say,  "  We  have 
proved  our  right  to  existence,  we  are  doing  a  large  and  useful  work, 


244  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY. 

in  fact,  a  work  for  which  the  country  has  no  other  adequate  provi- 
sion; we  too  can  control  five  or  six  votes  in  the  House;  we  shall 
have  our  share."  What  is  this  but  the  form  of  political  corrup- 
tion to  which  a  legislator  of  a  past  generation  attached  the  slang 
designation,  "axes  to  grind." 


AUTHORIZATION  OF  TEXT  BOOKS.* 

BY  W.  J.  ROBERTSON.  B.A.,  LL.B. 

EDUCATION  is  a  department  of  human  affairs  which  gives 
rise  to  many  very  difficult  problems.  As  soon  as  people  be- 
come alive  to  its  importance  the  difficulties  begin  to  appear.  In 
a  stagnant  condition  of  affairs  few  are  interested  enough  to  ask 
questions,  point  out  defects  or  demand  reforms;  the  wheels  of  pro- 
gress are  at  a  standstill,  or  they  are  running  smoothly  in  a  well 
worn  rut,  where  necessarily  they  encounter  no  obstacles  and  ex- 
perience no  unpleasant  jars. 

It  is  one  of  these  difficulties  which  I  am  asked  to  discuss.  The 
authorization  of  text  books  is  a  delicate  question,  and  as  no  one 
seemed  very  anxious  to  deal  with  it,  it  has  fallen  to  my  lot.  It 
happens,  too,  that  I  have  a  slight  acquaintance  with  the  subject, 
although  it  is  not  so  extensive  as  some  of  my  audience  may 
imagine.  I  hope,  however,  I  shall  be  able  to  deal  impartially  with 
the  subject. 

The  authorization  of  text  books  is  a  matter  of  much  interest  to 
three  parties — the  authors,  the  publishers,  and  the  general  public. 
I  am  on  safe  ground  when  I  take  the  position  that  the  rights  and 
interests  of  the  first  two  should-  give  way  to  those  of  the  third. 
By  the  third  I  understand  teachers,  pupils,  parents ;  in  fact  all  who 
are  interested  in  furnishing  the  best  possible  education  that  circum- 
stances will  admit.  Every  citizen  is  or  should  be  interested  in 
educational  affairs,  for  every  one  is  directly  or  indirectly  affected 
by  them.  But  it  does  not  follow  that  because  the  rights  of  the 
public  are  safeguarded,  therefore  the  rights  of  authors  and  pub- 
lishers must  suffer.  The  author  has  his  rights  and  the  publishers 
theirs,  but  they  are  not  necessarily  in  conflict  with  those  of  the 
public.  I  propose,  then,  in  the  brief  discussion  it  will  be  possible 
for  me  to  give  this  topic,  to  view  the  matter  from  the  standpoint 
of  what  is  for  the  best  interests  of  education,  and,  therefore,  for 
the  public. 

*Paper  read  hefore  the    College  and  High  School  Department,   Ontario 
Educational  Association. 


AUTHORIZATION  OF  TEXT  BOOKS.  245 

At  least  three  different  methods  have  been  tried  in  the  author- 
ization of  text  books.  The  first  method  places  the  matter  entirely 
under  the  control  of  the  Government,  which  may  consult  or  may 
not,  at  pleasure,  those  considered 'qualified  to  express  an  opinion. 
The  second  method  entrusts  the  task  to  a  committee  or  council, 
which  must  bear  the  responsibility  of  making  selections.  The  third 
leaves  the  matter  of  selection  to  trustees  or  teachers — who  may 
act  as  they  think  best.  It  is  also  evident  there  may  be  devices 
which  combine  some  of  the  features  of  two  or  more  of  these 
methods.  In  fact,  the  solution  now  offered  by  the  Education  De- 
partment does  combine  some  of  the  features  of  these  different 
methods,  for  the  Government  may  (not  must)  refer  the  works  to  be 
examined  to  a  committee  after  they  have  passed  the  ordeal  of 
public  criticism  at  the  hands  of  the  teaching  profession.  In  the 
.final  analysis  it  will  be  found  that  the  power  of  selection  is  still  in 
the  hands  of  the  Education  Department  if  it  chooses  to  exercise 
its  authority.  It  may,  however,  place  that  responsibility  upon  the 
committee,  which  in  turn  may  pay  some  deference  to  the  opinion 
of  the  teachers  who  have  been  consulted. 

If  we  examine  these  different  methods  referred  to,  there  seem 
to  be  serious  objections  to  each  one.  If  the  Government  under- 
takes to  make  the  selection,  it  is  liable  to  be  blamed  for  indulging 
in  personal  or  political  favoritism,  although  it  may  have  exercised 
great  care,  and  have  consulted  those  best  fitted  to  give  an  opinion. 
In  fact,  it  should  be  known  that  this  procedure  has  been  adopted 
by  the  Education  Department,  and  books  in  many  cases  have  been 
accepted  only  when  strongly  approved  by  competent  critics.  It- 
is  of  course  possible  that  favoritism  may  be  practiced;  in  fact,  has 
been  practiced  to  the  injury  of  education.  Members  of  govern- 
ments are  only  human — they  have  their  likes  and  dislikes,  and 
sometimes  we  fancy  they  are  unduly  influenced  by  those  having 
close  official  or  political  relations  with  them.  Besides  the  influences 
that  may  be  brought  to  bear  upon  a  government  in  the  interests  of 
would-be  authors,  there  is  the  influence  of  the  publisher. 
This  latter  influence  is  likely  to  be  much  more  powerful  than 
any  that  can  be  exercised  by  a  teacher  ,  and  the  reason  is  so 
obvious  that  it  is  not  necessary  to  explain  the  statement.  A  govern- 
ment, then,  that  is  anxious  to  do  right,  and  protect  the  public  from 
imposition,  must  feel  keenly  the  position  in  which  it  is  placed  by 
being  held  responsible  for  the  authorization  of  our  public  and 
liigh  school  texts. 

Looking  around  for  some  avenue  of  escape  it  may  fall  back  upon 
Ihe  principle  of  appointing  a  committee  which  shall  be  responsible 
for  the  unpleasant  task.  The  selection  of  such  a  committee  must 


246  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

be,  however,  a  matter  of  some  difficulty.  To  choose  a  man  because 
he  happens  to  be  the  chairman  of  some  public  or  high  school 
association,  or  because  he  is  the  representative  of  the  high  school 
masters  on  the  University  Senate,  or  for  any  other  reason  of  like 
character,  is  no  guarantee  at  all  that  he  is  competent  for  the  task 
of  selecting  the  most  suitable  text-book  on  a  given  subject.  Men 
are  chosen  for  these  positions  for  many  reasons  other  than  their 
peculiar  fitness  for  choosing  suitable  texts.  In  fact,  good-natured 
indifference  often  allows  these  offices  to  go  to  men  with  no  remark- 
able educational  qualifications.  Then  the  personnel  of  these  offices 
is  subject  to  frequent  change,  and  a  fit  and  proper  person  may  be 
followed  by  one  peculiarly  unfit.  It  may  happen,  too,  that  the- 
men  thus  chosen  are  interested  in  text-books  themselves — that  is, 
they  may  be  authors  who  wish  to  retain  their  own  works  on  the 
authorized  list;  or  else  have  them  so  placed.  These  and  other  con- 
siderations which  probably  suggest  themselves  to  you,  do  not  fur- 
nish much  encouragement  for  the  belief  that  a  committee  thus 
constituted  is  likely  to  bring  more  satisfactory  results  than  the 
plan  hitherto  adopted.  A  committee  to  be  of  any  value  ought  to. 
be  chosen  for  the  special  qualifications  of  its  members — and  these 
members  should  not  have  any  interest  direct  or  indirect  in  the 
authorization  of  text  books.  Further,  they  should  be  men  of  such 
high  character  as  to  be  absolutely  proof  to  the  seductive  influences 
of  publishers. 

It  may  seem  to  you  that  undue  importance  is  attached  to  the 
probable  actions  of  that  very  important  and  useful  body  in  the 
community,  viz.,  the  book-publishers.  These  gentlemen  are,  like 
other  men  engaged  in  trade,  commerce  and  manufacture,  keenly 
alive  to  their  own  interests,  and  it  is  their  business  to  make  as  much 
money  as  they  can.  Many  make  it  their  policy  to  deal  honorably 
and  fairly  by  their  customers  and  the  public  --  some  are  not  so 
scrupulous.  It  is  the  unscrupulous  publisher  that  is  to  be  con- 
sidered in  all  proposals  relating  to  authorization.  He  is  the  man 
that  is  prepared  to  unduly  influence  governments,  members  of 
committees  and  councils,  trustees  and  teachers.  We  have  had 
some  experience  in  the  past  of  the  operations  of  the  persistent 
agent  of  the  publisher,  and  it  is  not  pleasant  to  contemplate  the 
influences  that  may  be  brought  to  bear  to  secure  the  election  of 
friends  of  would-be'-authors  and  the  publishers  of  their  works. 
Unless  much  greater  care  be  taken  than  is  now  exercised,  the  selec- 
tion of  our  presiding  officers  and  representatives  will  be  marked' 
by  the  familiar  tactics  of  the  ward  politician  and  the  political 
caucus.  The  average  teacher  is  a  guileless  person,  and  is  easily 
induced  through  sheer  good-nature  or  indifference,  to  support  any- 


AUTHORIZATION   OF  TEXT  BOOKS.  247 

candidate  who  may  solicit  his  vote,  directly  or  through  an  inter- 
ested agent.  It  is  not  necessary  to  dwell  at  length  on  this  phase 
of  the  new  situation — for  it  does  not  require  a  vivid  imagination 
to  fill  in  the  repulsive  details  of  the  picture. 

There  remains  to  be  considered  the  plan  of  leaving  the  selection- 
of  suitable  texts  to  teachers  and  trustees.  Here  again  we  encounter 
many  of  the  difficulties  already  indicated.  In  addition  we  would 
have  the  evil  of  a  too  great  variety,  and  probably  too  many  changes 
in  some  quarters  and  too  few  in  others.  Some  Boards  of  Educa- 
tion moved  by  the  desire  for  economy  would  be  too  slow  in  making 
needful  changes — others  might  be  rash  in  making  changes  when 
not  necessary.  A  pupil,  if  resident  in  one  village,  township  or 
city,  would  have  to  use  Mr.  A.'s  geography  or  arithmetic.  Should 
he  be  compelled  to  change  his  habitation  he  would  find  a  totally 
different  set  of  books  would  be  needed.  Then,  again,  the  field  for 
the  sale  of  text-books  is  yet  limited  in  Canada — our  population  in 
Ontario  is  comparatively  small,  and  publishers  would  require 
higher  prices  for  their  books  than  are  now  charged,  under  a  mon- 
opoly restricted  in  its  operations  by  the  Government.  Publishers, 
too,  would  be  disposed  to  favor  the  productions  of  authors  whose 
official  positions  gave  them  the  necessary  influence  to  get  their 
works  favorably  considered,  and  thus  really  deserving  men  might 
find  it  impossible  to  secure  a  publisher  at  all.  On  the  other  hand,, 
the  competition  that  would  be  called  forth,  would  compel  the 
publishers  to  give  us  texts  decently  bound,  printed  on  good  paper, 
and  fairly  well  illustrated.  Although  the  art  of  book-making 
from  the  mechanical  side  has  (in  some  countries)  well-nigh  reached 
perfection,  it  cannot  be  said  that  in  Canada  we  have  kept  pace  with 
the  advances  of  recent  years.  The  Canadian  .author  is  in  conse- 
quence severely  handicapped  by  the  unattractive  form  of  his 
printed  product. 

I  am  conscious  in  looking  over  what  I  have  written  that  little 
tut  what  is  destructive  has  been  advanced.  Yet,  what  we  need 
ib  not  destructive,  but  constructive  criticism.  I  do  not  know  that 
I  can  suggest  any  method  which  would  be  a  marked  improvement 
on  the  present  system;  but  I  would  offer  the  following  as  a  tenta- 
tive scheme: — 

(1)  Let  Public  School  books  be  authorized  only  on  their  ap- 
proval by  a  committee  chosen  for  their  experience  and  special 
fitness  for  the  task.  The  members  of  this  committee  should  be 
teachers  proof  against  the  seductions  of  interested  authors  and 
publishers,  and  should  have  no  direct  or  indirect  interest  in  the- 
preparation  or  publication  of  Public  School  texts. 


248  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY. 

(2)  High  School  and  Collegiate  Institute  text  books  might  be 
left  to  the  choice  of  trustees  and  teachers,  the  choice  to  be  made 
from  a  limited  number  recommended  by  a  committee  of  experts. 
Perhaps  all  that  would  be  necessary  in  the  case  of  books  required 
for  the  middle  and  upper  schools  would  be  to  place  in  the  course 
of  study  the  limits  of  subjects  prescribed  and  leave  the  selection 
of  suitable  texts  to  the  trustees  and  teachers.  Our  present  ex- 
perience would  lead  us  to  believe  that  the  best  works  would  in  the 
long  run  supersede  the  inferior.  The  one  drawback  to  the  success 
of  this 'proposal  would  be  the  possibility,  or  probability,  of  fre- 
quent changes  of  the  course  of  study,  thus  deterring  both  author 
and  publisher  from  expending  the  time,  labour,  and  money  neces- 
sary to  the  production  of  a  good  book.  The  frequent  changes  in 
the  curriculum  by  which  the  monotony  of  teaching  is  relieved, 
although  no  doubt  the  evidence  of  a  striving  after  perfection,  are  a 
serious  drawback  to  the  production  of  texts  of  more  than  temporary 
value. 

Perhaps,  if  a  comparatively  free  hand  were  given  to  the  teachers 
in  our  secondary  schools  in  selecting  text-books,  and  the  results 
proved  satisfactory,  it  might  be  found  practicable  and  advisable 
to  extend  the  same  privilege  to  the  teachers  in  the  senior  forms  of 
our  public  schools.  One  thing  seems  certain;  that  is,  we  have 
reached  that  stage  in  our  educational  development  when  greater 
freedom  must  be  given  our  teachers  in  carrying  on  their  work, 
and  along  with  this  freedom  must  go  the  permission  and  power  to 
recommend  suitable  texts.  But,  the  change  from  a  system  of  arti- 
ficial restriction  to  one  of  greater  liberty  involving  a  deeper  sense 
of  responsibilit}'  on  the  part  of  the  teaching  profession,  should  be  a 
gradual  one;  and  therefore  we  might  begin  with  high  school  text- 
books and  extend  the  system  to  the  public  schools  if  it  should  be 
found  that  no  serious  results  of  an  evil  character  should  follow. 
The  present  and  prospective  rapid  growth  of  our  population  in 
Canada  will  give  a  wider  field  for  the  abilities  and  enterprise  of 
authors  and  publishers,  and  eventually  permit  of  freer  and  more 
healthy  competition  than  now  is  possible. 


A  PROVINCIAL  LIBRARY  COMMISSION.  249 


A  PROVINCIAL   LIBRARY  COMMISSION.* 

BY  H.  H.  LANGTON,  B.A., 

Librarian,   University  of  Toronto. 

THE  subject  of  my  address,  Library  Commissions  and  what 
they  may  do  to  aid  libraries,  will  probably  in  one  form  or 
another  engage  our  attention  a  good  deal  in  the  future.  Dr.  Bain 
has  this  afternoon  reported  the  ill-success  that  attended  the  efforts 
of  the  Committee  of  this  Association  to  persuade  the  Government 
to  create  a  Library  Commission  for  the  Province,  but  that  attempt 
may  be  considered,  I  hope,  only  as  the  first  shot,  or  at  most  a  pre- 
liminary skirmish,  by  no  means  as  final  and  decisive  defeat.  The 
unanimous  opinion  of  this  Association  was  given  last  year  in 
favor  of  the  establishment  of  a  commission,  chiefly  with  a  view  to 
speedy  reform  of  certain  abuses  in  the  present  method  of  inspecting 
and  assisting  libraries,  but  also  with  the  ultimate  object  of  putting 
fresh  life  into  our  whole  library  system.  Ontario,  by  virtue  of  the 
character  and  intelligence  of  its  inhabitants,  ought  to  occupy  that 
advanced  position  in  library  matters  which  has  been  attained  by 
other  countries  with  no  greater  advantages  in  population  than  we 
possess.  Instead  of  an  advanced  position  we  occupy  one  well  in 
the  rear.  The  reason  is  not  a  lack  of  money;  for  the  Government 
distributes  annually  a  large  sum,  about  $48,000  I  believe,  to  main- 
tain small  libraries.  The  cause  of  our  backwardness  is  partly  tile- 
indifference  of  the  public,  and  partly  the  present  ineffective  official 
inspection  and  encouragement  of  libraries.  The  situation  requires 
a  radical  change  of  administration.  It  is  not  enough  to  have  the 
existing  abuses  reformed  or  regulations  amended;  we  shall  always 
lag  behind  at  that  rate.  What  is  needed  is  systematic  stimulation 
-of  public  interest  in  libraries  through  the  efforts  of  a  central  author- 
ity that  shall  influence  as  well  as  regulate— a  body  with  missionary, 
not  administrative  ideals.  No  ordinary  Government  department 
can  supply  these  essentials,  and  therefore  recourse  must  be  had 
to  extraordinary  measures  and  we  must  demand  the  establishment 
of  a  Librarv  Commission. 


*  Presidential  Address  by  H.  H.  Langton,  B.A.,  Librarian  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Toronto,  delivered  at  the  Third  Annual  Meeting  of  the  Ontario 
library  Association,  April  13th,  1903. 


250  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

A  permanent  Library  Commission  is  not  a  new  idea,  nor  is  if  a 
theory.  It  is  a  recognized  and  widely  established  institution  in 
the  United  States,  and  the  experimental  stages  of  its  existence  have 
long  been  passed.  From  the  experience  of  that  country,  so  like 
our  own  in  the  conditions  of  its  settlement  and  growth,  we  have 
the  advantage  of  learning  what  a  Library  Commission  may  suc- 
cessfully accomplish.  In  the  United  States  there  are  now  21 
States  possessing  permanent  Library  Commissions,  the  oldest  dating 
from  1890.  During  the  first  tentative  period  of  six  years,  five 
States  appointed  Library  Commissions,  but  since  1895,  they  have 
been  established  at  the  rate  of  more  than  two  a  year.  This  steady 
increase  in  their  number  is  good  evidence  that  they  have  been 
found  to  work  well.  Another  significant  fact  is  the  marked  ten- 
dency that  exists  to  enlarge  the  scope  of  the  earliest  established 
commissions,  which  were  originally  given  more  limited  power  than 
the  later  ones.  Successive  statutes  have  been  passed  in  some 
States  at  frequent  intervals,  assigning  new  duties  to  the  commis- 
sions. This  would  not  have  been  done  unless  the  old  ones  had  been 
satisfactorily  performed.  We  have,  therefore,  sufficient  data  in 
the  operations  of  21  Library  Commissions  over  periods  of  from 
one  to  thirteen  years  to  enable  us  to  ascertain  what  a  Library 
Commission  for  Ontario  might  be  expected  to  do  for  libraries. 
I  propose  to  offer  a  slight  sketch  of  the  work  of  a  Library  Com- 
mission, every  detail  of  which  is  taken  from  the  actual  record  of 
one  or  more  Library  Commissions  at  present  existing. 

First,  as  to  the  constitution  of  a  Library  Commission,  the  policy 
universally  adopted  is  to  limit  the  membership  to  five  or  six,  a 
good  working  number.  Another  equally  universal  practice  is  to* 
appoint  as  members  persons  who  are  representative  of  distinct  and 
separate  districts.  Thus,  in  Ontario,  the  eastern  end  of  the  Pro- 
vince, between  the  Ottawa  and  the  St.  Lawrence  rivers,  would  have 
a  representative,  the  western  peninsula  \vould  also  have  one.  Pro- 
bably it  would  be  advisable  that  another  should  come  from  New 
Ontario,  so  that  the  commission  might  have  the  benefit  of  his  local 
knowledge  of  lumber  camps  and  mining  camps  and  of  their  library 
needs.  For  the  object  of  selecting  the  members  from  different 
localities  is  not  sentimental,  nor  propitiatory,  but  the  common- 
sense,  busmess-like  one  of  bringing  as  much  knowledge  of  special 
local  conditions  and  peculiarities  as  possible  to  bear  upon  questions 
which  must  be  determined  in  the  interest  of  the  most  remote  settle- 
ments as  well  as  of  the  towns  and  cities.  A  third  universally  ac- 
cepted principle  on  which  Library  Commissions  are  constituted  is 
that  membership  therein  should  be  unremunerative.  The  actual 
travelling  expenses  of  members,  whether  to  attend  meetings  of  ih& 


A  PROVINCIAL  LIBRARY  COMMISSION.  251 

Commission  or  in  the  interests  of  the  Library  movement,  will  be 
paid,  but  no  allowance  is  made  for  time  spent  on  such  duties,  nor 
is  any  salary,  however  small,  attached  to  the  position.  The  mem- 
bers of  a  Library  Commission  are  expected  to  be  public-spirited 
men,  enthusiasts  if  you  like,  not  professional  office-holders,  and  it 
is  tolerably  certain  that  none  of  the  latter  would  be  candidates  for 
membership  on  such  terms.  The  real  working  end  of  the  Com- 
mission, however,  is  the  secretary,  appointed  by  the  Commission, 
and  he  receives  a  salary  in  addition  to  his  travelling  expenses.  He 
will  be  an  enthusiast  like  the  unsalaried  members,  because  he  is 
appointed  and  supervised  by  them,  and  is  removable  at  their  pleas- 
ure, but  he  must  also  be  an  expert  in  library  administration,  and 
therefore  will  not  be  rich  enough  to  give  his  whole  time  for  noth- 
ing. There  is  no  doubt  that  his  whole  time  will  have  to  be  devoted 
to  the  duties  of  his  office,  because,  besides  being  charged  with 
carrying  out  of  all  the  work  of  the  Commission  in  the  organization 
of  new  libraries,  circulation  of  travelling  libraries,  etc.,  he  will 
also  be  assigned  the  duty  of  inspecting  the  State-aided  libraries 
which  is  now  performed  by  the  Superintendent  of  Public  Libraries 
and  Art  Schools.  Our  Commission,  we  will  suppose,  is  now  estab- 
lished, composed  of  four  or  five  public-spirited  men  or  women, 
interested  in  library  development,  and  of  a  hard-worked  secretary 
who  is  also  experienced  in  library  management. 

The  functions  of  a  Library  Commission  remain  to  be  defined. 
Broadly  speaking,  they  are  three  in  number.  First,  the  Commis- 
sion must  promote  the  establishment  of  libraries;  second,  it  must 
see  to  the  character  of  the  books  with  which  the  libraries  are 
stocked,  and  third,  it  must  help  the  librarians  to  administer  their 
libraries  to  the  greatest  advantage  of  the  public.  In  considering 
the  first  branch  of  the  Commission's  duties — the  establishment  of 
libraries — it  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  the  modern  tendency 
everywhere  is  to  encourage  the  growth  of  free  libraries,  a  ten- 
dency with  which  I  for  one  am  entirely  in  sympathy.  Many  peo- 
ple, however,  whose  opinions  are  entitled  to  great  respect,  believe 
that  for  certain  communities  the  free  library  does  not  work  so  well 
as  the  subscription  library.  That  is  a  matter  which  each  com- 
munity must  settle  for  itself.  The  Library  Commission  is  con- 
cerned with  the  organization  and  maintenance  of  free  and  not 
free  libraries  alike.  It  cannot  compel  the  establishment  of  a  free 
library  where  the  ratepayers  do  not  want  one,  but  it  can  help  the 
ratepayers  to  understand  the  advantages  of  a  free  library,  and  its 
influence  will  undoubtedly  be  thrown  in  that  direction.  The 
composition  of  the  Commission  lends  itself  to  the  encouragement 
of  a  free  library  movement,  consisting,  it  will  be  remembered,  of 


252  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

four  or  five  unpaid,  public-spirited  enthusiasts,  representative  of 
different  sections  of  the  Province.  It  is  probable,  therefore,  that 
through  business  connections,  or  otherwise,  one  or  another  mem- 
ber of  the  Commission  will  be  known  and  have  influence  in  any 
community  in  which  the  establishment  of  a  free  library  is  pro- 
posed. An  important  part  in  the  education  of  a  community  up  to 
the  point  of  establishing  a  library  is  played  by  the  pamphlet  litera- 
ture prepared  and  distributed  by  the  Commission.  I  have  several 
specimens  here.  Pamphlets  such  as  these  distributed  in  any  town 
where  the  question  of  establishing  a  free  library  is  being  seriously 
considered  would  have  undoubted  effect.  In  proof,  let  me  give 
statistics  for  one  State  taken  at  random,  the  State  of  Wisconsin. 
When  its  Library  Commission  was  established  in  1895  there  were 
44  free  libraries  in  the  State,  After  less  than  four  years  of 
activity  in  "  giving  advice  and  counsel  to  all  communities  proposing 
to  establish  free  libraries,"  to  quote  the  statute  defining  the  duties 
of  the  Commission,  the  number  had  increased  from  44  to  77. 
I  have  no  statistics  at  hand  for  that  State  later  than  1900,  or  we 
should  doubtless  find  that  the  original  44  in  1896  were  more  than 
doubled  now.  The  State  of  Massachusetts  has  had  a  Library  Com- 
mission for  12  years,  and  their  last  report  shows  351  towns  in  the 
State  with  free  libraries,  and  two  without  them. 

Into  the  question  of  the  establishment  of  libraries  the  organiza- 
tion of  travelling  libraries  naturally  enters.  A  travelling  library 
may  be  regarded  as  a  sort  of  missionary  enterprise,  designed  to 
stimulate  as  well  as  gratify  a  taste  for  reading,  and  in  many  cases 
would  be  a  preliminary  step  in  the  direction  of  establishing  a  per- 
manent library.  But  travelling  libraries  are  also  usefully  em- 
ployed to  supplement  the  resources  of  the  smaller  permanent 
libraries.  A  permanent  library  that  adds  100  volumes  a  year  to  its 
shelves  by  purchase,  might  double  its  usefulness  to  readers  by 
being  allowed  by  the  Library  Commission  to  receive  two  travelling- 
libraries  a  year,  each  of  50  volumes.  Some  of  these  travelling 
libraries  might  be  formed  as  collections  on  special  subjects  such  as 
social  questions,  history,  gardening,  etc.  The  possibilities  of 
travelling  libraries  indeed  are  just  beginning  to  be  understood. 
They  reed  not,  for  instance,  be  distributed  only  from  a  single 
centre,  but  the  chief  town  of  each  county,  if  it  possessed  a  suitable 
free  library,  might  be  made  a  sub-centre  for  circulation  of  travel- 
ling libraries  through  the  smaller  settlements  of  its  county.  A 
most  thorough  investigation  of  the  necessities  of  the  lesser  com- 
munities in  the  matter  of  books  would  be  possible  by  this  means, 
and  economies  in  the  administration  of  the  library  system  of  the 
Province  would  result.  It  is  not,  however,  only  small  towns  and 


A  PROVINCIAL  LIBRARY  COMMISSION.  253 

villages,  lumber  camps  and  similar  communities  that  would  benefit 
by  the  organization  of  a  system  of  travelling  libraries.  Schools 
would  be  entitled  to  receive  special  attention.  Jails,  also,  hospitals 
t-nd  charitable  "  Homes  "  of  various  kinds  would  not  be  overlooked, 
ond  many  weary  hours,  now  profitless  to  the  inmates  of  such  in- 
stitutions, would  be  lightened  and  filled  with  pleasant  thoughts. 
I  must  not  dwell  longer  on  this  attractive  subject,  but  pass  on  to 
the  second  branch  of  the  work  of  a  Library  Commission,  which 
relates  to  the  books  in  the  Library. 

In  purchasing  books  the  trustees  or  librarian  of  a  small  library 
are  at  a  considerable  disadvantage  because  they  have  not  the  means 
of  finding  out  what  are  the  best  books  of  latest  date.     Ojie  of  the 
most  obvious  duties  of  a  Commission  is  to  prepare  and  distribute 
at  regular  periods  a  list  of  new  books  recommended  for  purchase. 
One  of  the  first  acts  of  this  Association  was  to  appoint  a  committee 
to  perform  for  Ontario  this  important  service,   and  the  second 
annual  list  of  new  books  recommended  was  presented  to  us  by  th< 
committee  to-day.     The  committee  will  no  doubt  gladly  relinquisl 
the  troublesome  task  that  they  have  been  good  enough  to  undei 
take  for  the  last  two  years  into  the  hands  of  a  competent  Librar 
Commission.     But  it  is  one  thing  to  recommend  books  for  pui 
chase,  and  another  to  see  that  they  are  bought.     Fortunately  ; 
Library  Commission  for  Ontario  would  exercise  a  certain  super 
vision  over  the  purchases  of  books  by  small  libraries  through  it. 
distribution  of  the  Government  grant.     It  might  insist  upon  th< 
grant  being  spent  upon  books  selected  from  the  list  which  it  dis 
tributes,  it  might  even  buy  the  books  and  present  them  instead  o 
the  moneys  for  them.     A  list  of  books  recommended  for  the  be 
ginnings  of  a  small  library  is  a  useful  document  that  the  Commis 
sion  would  probably  issue  as  soon  as  possible,  and  many  libra 
not  in  their  first  stages  would  profit  thereby  as  well.     A  very 
portant  item  in  the  reading  matter  of  many  people  at  the  pres 
day  is  the  magazine  or  periodical,  and  a  good  deal  of  discrim 
tion  is  required  to  discover  which  are  the  best  periodicals  in 
particular  line.     The  Library  Commission  would  find  here  a  s 
jcct  for  another  pamphlet  of  advice. 

There  is  close  connection  between  the  question  what  b< 
libraries  should  buy  and  the  official  scheme  of  classificatior 
books  in  libraries  in  this  Province.  Complaint  has  been  mad 
our  meetings  that  libraries  are  allowed  and  even  encourage* 
classify  works  of  fiction  as  history,  travel,  philosophy,  and  A 
not,  the  object  being  to  reduce  the  apparent  percentage  of  fit 
that  they  possess  to  the  maximum  allowed  by  the  regulations, 
deprecate  the  circulation  of  fiction  on  the  one  .hand  by  prescribing 


254  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

.a  maximum  percentage  beyond  which  pains  and  penalties  may  be 
imposed,  and  on  the  other  to  try  and  conceal  its  existence  by  giving 
it  another  name,  is,  to  say  the  least  of  it,  so  utterly  unintelligent  a 
performance  that  it  is  hard  to  believe  that  any  responsible  authority 
wpuld  be  guilty  of  it.  Yet  there  is  uncontrovertible  proof  that 
this  practice  has  existed  and  still  exists  in  connection  with  the 
inspection  of  the  libraries  that  receive  a  provincial  subvention. 
'No  Library  Commission  would  be  capable  of  such  a  piece  of  folly, 
for  a  Library  Commission  would  have  the  welfare  of  libraries  at 
heart,  and  this  practice  seems  intended  to  undermine  their  credit, 
and  to  destroy  their  usefulness.  I  have  said  that  it  is  an  unintel- 
ligent performance,  because  its  sets  up  a  standard  with  one  hand 
and  pulls  it  down  with  the  other;  but  it  is  far  worse  than  unintel- 
ligent. It  is  dishonest  in  itself,  it  lends  itself  to  dishonesty  on 
the  part  of  'libraries,  it  encourages  in  readers  self-deception  in 
matters  intellectual  wyhere  sincerity  and  plain  dealing  are  as  vital 
at,  they  are  in  matters  of  conduct. 

The  third  division  of  the  work  of  a  Library  Commission  is  the 
assistance  that  it  can  render  to  librarians  themselves.     For  al- 
.hough  a  library  may  be  established  under  the  happiest  auspices 
md  supplied  with  the  most  improving  books,  its  efficiency  as  a 
neans  of  educating  and  catering  to  the  public  taste  for  reading,  is 
iependent  upon  the  man  or  woman  at  the  head  of  it.     The  Secre- 
tary of  the  Library  Commission,  I  have  said,  must  be  an  expert  in 
library  matters,  for  his  advice  and  assistance  may  be  and  will  be 
nought  on  all  matters  of  library  management,  and  he  must  be  pre- 
oared  to  meet  the  demand.     Approved  forms  of  borrowers'  tickets, 
)ook  labels,  catalogue  cards,  and  similar  apparatus  will  be  dis- 
ributed  by  him,  and  he  will  be  ready  to  discuss  any  problem  of 
linistration  that  may  arise.     Light  will  often  be  thrown  on 
uspected  dark  places  by  occasional  circulars  or  pamphlets  on 
usual  problems.     At  least  one  Library  Commission  issues  a 
rterly  bulletin,  each  number  containing  papers  on  practical 
stions  likely  to  arise  in  small  libraries.     Better  than  all  this 
^ance  by  correspondence  and  printed  circular  would  be  the 
tution  of  a  course  of  instruction  in  library  work.     A  summer 
>ol  with  a  six  or  eight  weeks  term  might  be  held  in  association 
some  large  library,  perhaps  the  Legislative  Library  of  the 
.Tince. 

very  detail  mentioned  in  this  survey,  has,  as  I  said  before,  its 

.terpart  in  the  actual  work  of  some  Library  Commission.     But 

ler  advances  are  certain  to  be  made.    I  have  in  my  hand  a  list 

ggested  topics  for  discussion  by  the  State  Library  Commissions 

action  of  the  American  Library  Association  at  the  meeting  to  be 

Vld  in  June  next.     I  will  read  a  few  of  them,  that  you  may  see 


A  PROVINCIAL  LIBRARY  COMMISSION.  255 

what  is  in  contemplation  by  some  at  least  of  these  Commissions: — 
"  Should  Commissions  plan  for  a   system   of   registration   and 
licensing  of  competent  librarians  corresponding  to  similar  safe- 
guards against  incompetent  teachers?" 

"  Need  of  travelling  librarians  and  book  wagons  to  supply  per- 
sonal contact  with  rural  readers." 

"  Should  town  libraries  have  branches  in  rural  districts?" 
"  Need  of  travelling  libraries  for  individual  students." 
In  this  sketch  of  what  might  be  done  by  a  Provincial  Library 
Commission,  I  have  drawn  all  illustrations  from  the  practice  of 
Library  Commissions  in  the  United  States,  for  good  reasons.  Not 
only  are  many  of  the  States,  especially  those  of  the  middle  west, 
similar  to  Ontario  in  the  conditions  under  which  they  have  been 
peopled,  but  the  whole  question  of  the  education  of  the  public  by 
*neans  of  free  libraries  has  received  greater  attention  in  the  United 
States  than  in  any  other  country.  Nobody  can  study  the  admir- 
able methods  adopted  for  popularizing  the  use  of  their  public 
libraries  without  recognizing  the  efficiency  of  their  system,  and  the 
energy  and  ingenuity  of  its  exponents.  But  what  I  think  we  have 
to  admire  and  imitate  in  the  American  library  movement  more 
Uian  any  methods  or  devices  is  the  importance  attached  to 
capacity  and  training  in  the  librarian  himself.  It  is  a  foible  of  our 
friends  across  the  boundary  to  consider  library  management  a  kind 
of  science.  I  do  not  think  it  can  properly  be  called  a  science.  I 
am  not  sure  even  that  it  is  quite  correct  to  speak  of  it  as  a  profes- 
sion; but  it  undoubtedly  is  a  business,  and  like  other  businesses,  it 
demands  intelligence,  some  special  aptitude  and  a  good  deal  of 
special  training.  The  successful  librarian,  like  any  other  success- 
ful business  man,  is  the  one  who  makes  his  business  pay,  not  in 
money  of  course,  but  in  popularity.  It  is  not  enough  now  for  a 
librarian  to  turn  the  key  in  the  door  at  stated  hours,  to  keep  a 
mechanical  register  of  books  borrowed,  and  at  intervals  go  through 
the  mental  labor  of  ordering  a  new  supply.  He  must  do  far 
more  for  the  library,  and  for  the  community  which  the  library 
serves,  but  he  need  not  be  expected  to  do  it  by  inspiration  of  genius 
any  more  than  he  would  be  expected  to  give  sound  legal  advice 
without  legal  education,  or  to  conduct  the  business  of  a  depart- 
mental store  without  business  training.  The  Americans  were  quick 
to  recognize  the  necessity  of  special  education  for  librarians,  and 
through  their  State  Library  Commissions  they  have  been  able 
gradually  to  enforce  a  certain  standard  of  training.  The  benefit 
to  the  librarians  has  re-acted  upon  the  libraries,  and  the  public  of 
course  is  the  ultimate  gainer.  To  produce  the  same  results  with 
TIS  the  same  causes  will  be  required,  and  not  the  least  of  these 
•causes  has  been  the  institution  of  State  Library  Commissions. 

jt 

\ 


256  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO    MONTHLY 


ANGLICA  LATINE  REDDITA  ET  LATINA  ANGLICE, 

(1) 

The  ladies  praise  our  curate's  eyes: 

I  never  see  their  light  divine: 
He  always  shuts  his  when  he  prays 

And  when  he  preaches  closes  mine. 

(Old  squib.) 


Rumor  es  ad  muliebre  genus  ^auxtwTre  sacerdos  ; 

Parce  mihi  jaciens  lumina  mille:  jacent: 
Quippe  oculos  premis  ipse  tuos  quandoque  precaris  ; 

Et  premis  exhortans  rursus,  amice,  meos. 

Altera  versio 

Floret  apud  dominas  nigris  orator  ocellis: 

Me  tamen  innocuum  praeterit  ille  nigror  ; 

Quippe  oculos  tegit  ipse  suos  quandoque  precatur  : 
Nee  minus  hortantis  voce  soporor  ego. 


CONVOCATION  HALL  FUND. 

The  subscriptions  to  the  University  of  Toronto  Convocation- 
Hall  Fund  which  have  been  received  since  April  7th  and  up  to 
May  1st  are  given  below  in  the  order  of  their  receipt. 

The  distribution  of  the  subscribers  to  the  fund  so  far  is  indicated 
by  the  following  analyses:  — 

First  Analysis. 

(1)  Members  of  the  different  Faculties  of  the  University 

of  Toronto   $  6,672  50 

(2)  Graduates,   undergraduates   and    friends    of   the  University 
resident  in  Toronto,  other  than  members  of  the  Faculties   19,163  00 

(3)  Graduates,    undergraduates  and   friends  of  the   University 
outside  of  Toronto   9,572  95 


Total  subscription '.....  $35,408  45 

Second  Analysis. 

(1)  Graduates  of  the  University  of  Toronto  in  all  Faculties.  $19,237  35 

(2)  Undergraduates. 

(a)  Arts    1903 $630 

1904 821 

1905 883 

1906 677 

3.011  00 

(b)  Medicine  190S $189 

1904 85 

1905 510 

1906 ..321 

Nu  Sigma  Nu  Fraternity  150 

1.255  00- 


CONVOCATION  HALL  FUND.  257 

(e)    Applied     Science     1903 $170 

1904 260 

1905 295 

1906 300 

1,025  00 

(d)  Pharmacy   1903    10  00 

(e)  Harmonic  Club  50  Oft 

(3)  Friends     of    the    University     other    than     graduates     'and 

undergraduates       10,820  10 


Total  subscription  $35,408  45 

The  different  years  in  Arts  and  Medi  cine  have  contributed  to  date  as  fol- 
lows:— 
1854   $  25  00  3872    275  00          1890   $    22o  GO 

1856    5  00  1873 2,220  00  1891    272  50 

1857    15000  1874    30000          1892 1/02500 

1858   2500  3876   52500  1893    54000 

3859 20000  1877    7500  1894   30700 

3860    225  00  1878 1,100  00  3895    544  00 

1861    55  00  1879    425  00  1S96   290  00 

1862    520  00  1880   600  00  1897    258  50 

1863    f 39000  1881    26000          '1898   26200 

1864   25  00  1882    810  00  1899    490  00 

1365    2000  1883    41000  1900    27600 

1866   40000  1884   37500  1901    7600 

1867    5000  1885    19500          1902   25435 

1868    100  00  1886   705  00  1903    819  00 

1869    3500  1887   44300  1904   90600 

1870    175  00  1888    420  00  1905  1,393  00 

1*71    8500  ]889    62600  1906   99800 

A.  P.  Burwash   (additional   Toronto $1000 

1.  M.  Burwash.  M.  A Toronto   10  00 

W.  F.  Chappell,  M.B. New  York,  N.Y 10X)  00 

Rev.  F.  W.  Anderson,  M.A Toronto 5  00 

W.  J.  R.  Brown   Toronto 5  00 

A.  E.   Higginson    Waterdown,   Ont 5  00 

W.  K.   Small    Washington,  D.C 10  00 

Joseph   Savage    Brantford,  Ont 10  00 

Rev.  Alex.  Hamilton,  B.A Boissevain,  Man 10  00 

W.  A.  Shortt.    M.A New  York,  N.Y 100'  00 

Rev.  T.  W.  Savary,  B.A Kingston,    Ont 10  00 

Alex.  C.  Hill,  B.A Ottawa,   Ont 5  00 

W.  F.  Mackay,  B.A. Cleveland,    0 10  00 

E.  T.  White,  B.A Pembroke,   Ont 5  00 

J.  F.  Snell,  B.A Cincinnati,  0 20  00 

Fred.  V.  Hamlin   Allandale,    Ont 5  00 

George  G.  Nasmith,  B.-A Toronto   15  00 

Daniel  Clark,  M.D Toronto    50  00 

C.  L.  Wilson,  B.A New  York,  N.Y 5  00 

S.  B.  Sinclair,  Ph.D Ottawa,   Ont 20  00 

Miller  Lash,  B.A.,  LL.B Toronto   50  00 

B.  A.  C.  Craig,  B.A.,  LL.B Toronto   75  00 

Hy.  F.  Ballantyne,  B.A.Sc New  York,  N.Y 50  00 

W.   R.  Carr,  B.A Deer   Park,    Ont 25  00 

A.  W.   Peart,   B.A • Burlington,    Ont 1000 

F.  A.   Drake,   B.A Toronto  ". 40  00 


258  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY. 

Professor  George  A.  Locke   Chicago,  111 $  25  00 

Miss  P.  H.  Ross,  B.A Whitby,  Ont 5  00 

Richard  Unsworth,  B.A Fergus,   Ont 5  00 

N.   T.   Maclaurin,  M.B Toronto   5  00 

W.  H.  Hamilton,  B.A Grand  Forks,  N.D 5  00 

F.  H.  Scott,  Ph.D Toronto   40  00 

Charles  Garrow,  B.A.,  LL.B  Goderich,   Ont. ' 10  00 

Mrs.  A.  W.  Briggs,  B.A Toronto    5  00 

Rev.  J.  O.   Miller,  M.A St.  Catharines,  Ont 20  00 

D.    S.   Johnstone    Orillia,  Ont 5  00 

C.  D.  Paul,  M.A New  York,  N.Y 25  00 

Alex.   MacKenzie,  B.A Deer  Park,  Ont 10  00 

Hon.  J.  D.  Cameron,  B.A Winnipeg,  Man 50  00 

S.  L.  Miller,  B.A Port  Hope,   Ont    10  00 

Dr.  Jas.  Stoddart,  B.A Buffalo,  N.  Y 10  00 

George  Wilkie,  B.A Toronto 20  00 

J.  F.  Hamilton  Dunedin,  Ont 10  00 

N.  A.  Burwash   Toronto    10  00 

Geo.  H.  Challies  Winchester,  Ont 10  00 

R.  H.  Montgomery   Brantford,  Ont 10  00 

James  Bain,  D.C.L; Toronto    25  00 

Herb.   C.  Bell Hamilton,  Ont 10  00 

J.  G.  Harkness,  B.A Cornwall,   Ont 10  00 

Rev.  G.  A.  Hackney,  B.A Abbotsford,  B.C 10  00 

W.  H.  ingram,  B.A Dover,  Engiand 4  35 

J,   C.  McLennan, 

Secretary. 


TORONTONENSIA. 


259 


TOKONTONENSIA. 


UNIVERSITY   OF   TORONTO 

MONTHLY. 

ADDRESS  ALL  COMMUNICATIONS  FOR 
PUBLICATION  TO  THE  SECRETARY,  UNI- 
VERSITY OP  TORONTO. 

Published  monthly,   October— June. 
Subscription .  $1-00    a    year,  single    copies 

15  cts. 

All  subscriptions  are  credited  October- 
June. 

EDITORIAL  COMMITTEE. 

I.  H.  CAMERON,  M.B.,  Chairman. 

J.  C.  MCLENNAN,  Ph.D.,  Secretary. 

L.  E.  EMBREE,  M.A.;  J.  MCGREGOR 
YOUNG,  B.A.;  H.  J.  CODY,  M.A.;  J.  A. 
COOPER,  B.A.,  LL.B.;  C.  C.  JAMES,  M.A.; 
GEO.  WILKIE,  B.A.;  J.  M.  CLARK,  M.A.; 
LL.B.,  K.C;  J.  W.MALLON,  B.A.,  LL.B.; 
HON.  S.  C.  BIGGS,  B.A.,  K.C. 


S.  J.  ROBERTSON,  B.A.,  Managing  Edi- 
tor. 

R.  J.  HAMILTON",  B.A.,  Advertising 
Manager. 


THE   UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  ALUMNI 
ASSOCIATION:  LOCAL  ORGANIZATIONS. 
GENERAL    ASSOCIATION.  —  President, 

DR.  R.  A.  REEVE,  Toronto.    Secretary, 

J  C.  MCLENNAN,  Ph.  D.,  Dean's  House, 

University  of  Toronto. 

ALBERTA. — President,     C.     A.     STUART, 

B.  A.,  LL.B.     Secretary,  D.  F.  BoYCE,  B.  A . 

ALGOMA,  DISTRICT  OF.  —  President, 
A.  B.  WILIJMOTT,  M.A.,  Sault  Ste.  Marie, 
Ont.;  Secretary-Treasurer,  LESLIE  A. 
GREEN,  B.A.,  Sault  Ste.  Marie,  Ont 

BRANT  COUNTY.  —  President,  A.  J. 
WILKES,  LL.B.,  K.C.,  Brantford,  Ont.; 
Secretary,  R.  M.  SQUIRE,  B.A.  Sc..,  C.E., 
Brantford,  Ont. 

BRITISH  COLUMBIA. — President,  REV. 
R.  WHITTINGTON,  M.A.,  B.Sc.,  Vancou- 
ver, B.C. 

ELGIN  COUNTY,  ONT. — President,  J.  H. 
COYNE,  B.A.,  St.  Thomas.  Secretary,  S. 
SILCOX,  B.A.,  D.  Paed.,  St.  Thomas. 

FRONTENAO  COUNTY.  — Secretary -Treas- 
urer, E.  O.  SLITER,  M.A.,  Kingston,  Ont. 

GREY  AND  BRUCE.  —  President,  A.  G. 
McKAY,  B.A.,  Owen  Sound,  Ont. 
Secretary,  W.  D.  FERRIS,  M.B.,  Shallow 
Lake,  Ont. 

HASTINGS  COUNTY. — President,  LT.- 
Cot.  W-  N.  PONTON,  M.A.,  Belleville. 
Secretary,  J.  T.  LUTON,  B.A.,  Belleville. 

HURON  COUNTY.  —  President,  WM. 
GUNN,  M.D.,  Clinton,  Ont.  Secretary- 
Treasurer,  CHAS.  GABROW,  B.A.,  LL.B., 
Goderich,  Ont. 


KENT  COUNTY.  —  President,  D.  S. 
PATTERSON,  B.A.,  Chatham,  Ont.  Sec- 
retary, Miss  GRACE  MCDONALD,  B.A., 
Chatham,  Ont. 

LENNOX  AND  ADDINGTON  COUNTIES.  — 
President,  H.  M.  DEROCHB,  B.A.,  K.C., 
Napanee.  Secretary-Treasurer,  U.  J. 
FLACK,  M.A.,  Napanee. 

LINCOLN  COUNTY.—  President,  JOHN 
HENDERSON,  M.A.,  St.  Caiaarines. 
Secretary-Treasurer,  G.  B.  BURSON,  B.A., 
St.  Catharines. 

MIDDLESEX  COUNTY.—  President,  TAL- 
BOT  MACBETH,  B.A.,  K.C.,  London. 
Secretary-Treasurer,  F.  E.  PERRIN,  B.A., 
London.  * 


t,  REV.  JOHN  SCRIM 
GER,  M.A.,  Montreal.  Secretary,  E.  H. 
COOPER,  B.A.,  Montreal. 

OTTAWA.  —  President,  J.  C.  GLASHAN, 
M.A.,LL.D.,  Ottawa.  Secretary-Treasurer, 
J.  O.  CARSS,  B.A.,  Ottawa 

OXFORD—  President,  I.  M.  LEVA*?,  B.A., 
Woodstock.  Secretary,  V.  A.  SINCLAIR. 
B.A.,  Tilsonburg. 

PERTH  COUNTY,  ONT.  —  President,  C.  J. 
MCGREGOR,  M.A.,  Stratford,  Ont. 
Secretary-Treasurer,  C.  A.  MAYBERRY, 
B.A.,  LL.B.,  Stratford,  Ont. 

PETERBOROUGH  COUNTY.  —  President, 
D.  W.  DUMBLE,  B.A.,  K.C.,  Peterborough, 
Secretary-Treasurer,  A.  STEVENSON,  B.A., 
Peterborough. 

PRINCE  EDWARD  COUNTY.  —  President, 
M.  CURRIE,  B.A.,  M.B.,  Picton. 

SIMCOE  COUNTY.—  President,  DONALD 
Ross,  B.A.,  LL.B.,  Barrie,  Ont;  Secre- 
tary-Treasurer, A.  F.  HUNTER,  M.A., 
Barrio1,  Ont 

VICTORIA  COUNTY.  —  President,  J.  C. 
HARSTONE,  B.A.,  Lindsay,  Ont.  Secre- 
tary-Treasurer, Miss  E.  G.  FLAVELLE, 
B.A.,  Lindsay,  Ont. 

WATERLOO  COUNTY.  —  President,  His 
HONOUR  JUDGE  CHISHOLM>  Berlin,  Ont 
Secretary-Treasurer,  REV.  W.  A.  BRAD- 
LEY, B.A.,  Berlin,  Ont. 

WELLINGTON  COUNTY,  ONT.  —  Presi- 
dent, WM.  TYTLER,  B.A.,  Guelph,  Ont 
Secretary-Treasurer,  R.  L.  McKiNNON, 
B.A.,  LL.B.,  Guelph,  Ont 

WENTWORTH  COUNTY  GRADUATES' 
ASSOCIATION.  —  President,  J.  CHISHOLM, 
B.A.,  Hamilton,  Ont.  Secretary- 
Treasurer,  J.  T.  CRAWFORD,  B.A.,  Ham- 
ilton, Ont 

NEW  YORK  CITY.  —  President,  G.  H.  Ling, 
Ph.  D.,  New  York.  Secretary  Treasurer, 
J.  A.  MacVannel,  Ph.  D.,  New  York. 


260 


UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY. 


James  Washington  Bell,  '77. 

Professor  James  W.  Bell's  portrait 
hangs  in  the  chapel  of  the  University 
of  Colorado.  He  was  the  first  of  the 
Toronto  men  to  join  the  faculty  here. 
His  father,  a  North  of  Ireland  clergy- 
man, who  had  settled  in  Canada,  was 
minister  of  St.  Andrew's  in  Stratford, 
Ontario.  The  son  was  one  of  Dr.  Tas- 
sier's  students  at  Gait,  and  received 
his  B.A.  at  Toronto  in  '77.  He  after- 
wards received  a  Ph.D.  with  highest 
honours  at  Leipzig,  where  he  had 
studied  with  Roscher  and  Wundt.  He 
wrote  a  brochure  on  "  Emigration,"  as 
well  as  many  other  articles  for  English 
and  American  periodicals,  and  for 
"The  Week,"  which  in  the  eighties 
was  so  influential  in  Canada  under 
Goldwin  Smith's  brilliant  editorship. 
Professor  Bell  was  married  to  Miss 
Delphine  Paradis,  a  French  lady  of 
great  refinement,  shortly  after  finish- 
ing at  Toronto.  Mrs.  Bell  still  lives 
in  Boulder,  and  her  eldest  daughter 
is  instructor  in  French  in  the  Univer- 
sity. There  are  four  children,  all  very 
interesting  and  cultivated. 

There  is  no  doubt  whatever  that  Dr. 
Bell's    work    here    was    one    of    the 
greatest  influences  Colorado  ever  felt 
towards  the  best  kind  of  intellectual 
life.    He  was  born  in  1855  and  died  in 
1889,  after  several  years  of  work  here 
in  the  department  of  Political  Econ- 
omy and  later  of  Greek.     He  was  of 
that  class  of  Toronto  men  who  com- 
bine a  great  deal  of  deep  philological 
culture   with   a   hearty   sympathy   for 
modern   science.     His   linguistic   gifts 
and  lore  were  remarkable.     While  he 
sympathized   with   modern   doubt    his 
work  was   enthusiastic   and   construc- 
tive, and  he  aroused  a  feeling' of  affec- 
tion and  esteem,  whose  continued  ex- 
ssion  at  this  date  I  can  only  char- 
acterize as  amazing.    He  was  the  first 
and  greatest  of  the  Canadian   colony 
ere,   and   his   great   worth   doubtless 
d  much  to  secure  a  welcome  to  more 
than  half  a  dozen  later  Canadian  mem- 
bers of  the  Faculty.     He  was  a  man 
deep,    quiet   scholarly   nature     en- 
lowed  with  unusual  insight  into  the 
minor  workings  of  life  and  history.   He 
lever   had   an   enemy,   and   his   early 
death  was  universally  deplored. 

M.  F.  Liliby, 
University  of  Colorado. 


A  Graduate's  Success. 

The  many  friends  of  John  L.  Hogg 
B.A.  '99,  will  be  pleased  he  has  re- 
ceived marked  recognition  at  Harvard 
University  where  he  has  been  a  grad- 
uate student  for  the  last  two  years 
Mr.  Hogg  obtained  the  medal  in  phy- 
sics at  graduation.  He  received  a 
scholarship  on  entering  Harvard,  an 
exceptional  distinction,  and  his  work 
in  the  Jefferson  Physical  Laboratory 
there  has  been  so  meritorious  that  the 
authorities  have  awarded  him  the 
John  Tyndall  travelling  fellowship,  the 
nighest  prize  they  had  to  give.  Mr. 
Hogg  formerly  taught  in  the  collegiate 
institutes  at  Seaforth  and  Orangeville, 


Ontario  Educational  Association. 

The  Ontario  Educational  Association 
held  its  forty-second  Annual  Meeting 
in  the  building  of  the  University  on 
Tuesday,  Wednesday  and  Thursday, 
April  14th,  15th  and  16th,  1903.  It 
was  the  most  successful  meeting^  in 
point  of  numbers  ever  held  by  the'As- 
sociation.  The  twelve  or  fourteen  de- 
partments and  sections  which  make 
up  this  great  body  found  ample  ac- 
commodation in  the  various  buildings 
of  the  University.  In  addition  to  the 
many  papers,  some  of  them  of  great 
interest,  read  at  the  various  branches 
of  the  Association,  there  were  several 
social  functions.  On  Tuesday  evening 
there  was  a  great  display  in  the  main 
building  of  the  scientific  apparatus  and 
processes  made  by  the  departments 
interested,  such  as  the  departments  of 
Physics,  Biology,  Chemistry,  Geology 
and  Mineralogy,  Psychology,  Applied 
Science,  Medicine,  etc.  It  was  an  ex- 
hibition of  a  most  elaborate  character, 
and  delighted  and  instructed  the  large 
audience  of  teachers  from  all  parts  of 
the  Province.  Refreshments  were 
served  in  the  dining  hall.  On  Wednes- 
day there  were  afternoon  teas  given  by 
Dr.  Needier  in  the  Faculty  Union  and 
by  Dr.  Reeve  in  the  new  Medical  Build- 
ing. There  were  also  various  lunches 
and  dinners  at  other  times. 

The  University  is  a  particularly  ap- 
propriate place  for  the  holding  of 
such  meetings.  The  opportunities  for 
illustrating  papers  are  ample,  and  were 
utilized  by  many  of  the  Departments 
oi  the  Association.  The  opportunities 


TOKONTONENSIA. 


261 


for  social  intercourse  are  also  ample 
and  were  enjoyed  with  delight.  The 
Association  expressed  its  satisfaction 
at  the  provision  made  for  its  entertain- 
ment by  passing  a  vote  of  thanks  to 
the  University  authorities,  and  by  re- 
solution decided  to  ask  permission  to 
meet  next  year  also  in  the  University. 
It  is  to  be  hoped  that  it  will  return 
again  to  renew  acquaintance  with  the 
institution  .which  is  the  cope-stone  of 
the  educational  system  of  Ontario. 


Alumni  Publications. 

R.  J.  Bonner,  B.A.  '90,  Ph.D.,  J.  B. 
Stetson  University,  DeLand,  Fla.,  "Greek 
Composition  in  the  Schools."  Messr&. 
Scott,  Foresman  &  Co.,  Chicago. 

J.  H.  Cornyn,  B.A.  '93,  LL.B.,  "  The 
Aztec  of  Mexico  City."  Vol.  1,  No.  1, 
March,  1903,  published  at  2a  Industria 
No.  15,  Mexico  City. 

F.  C.  Harrison,  B.S.A.  '92,  and  M. 
Cumming,  B.S.A.  '01,  "  The  Bacterial 
Flora  of  Freshly  Drawn  Milk,"  in  the 
Journal  of  Applied  Microscopy  and 
Laboratory  Methods,  Rochester,  N.Y., 
Vol.  V.,  No.  11. 

.b'.  C.  Harrison,  B.S.A.  '92,  "  Lait  et 
Fromage  amers."  in  Revue  generale 
du  Lait,  1,  Nos.  20  and  21,  1902. 

F.  C.  Harrison,  B.S.A.  '92,  "Pre- 
liminary Note  on  a  New  Organism  Pro- 
ducing Rot  in  Cauliflower  and  Allied 
Plants,"  in  Science,  N.S.,  Vol.  XVI., 
No.  395,  page  152,  July  25,  1902. 

S.  B.  Sinclair,  B.A.,  M.A.,  Ph.D., 
"  Possibility  of  a  Science  of  Educa- 
tion." 


New  York  Alumnae. 

The  Alumnae  of  the  University  of 
Toronto  in  the  City  of  New  York., 
through  their  secretary,  Miss  Mary' 
Johnston,  128  West  82nd  St.,  have  an- 
nounced their  intention  of  providing 
a  gold  medal  for  the  best  student  of 
University  College  in  the  Fourth  Year 
General  Course.  The  medal  will  be- 
sent  in  time  for  presentation  at  the 
commencement  ceremonies  in  June. 
This  is  the  first  medal  giveji  by  the 
Alumni  Associations. 


the   county    of    Brant    was    held    In 
Brantford  on  March  13th.     Professors 

A.  B.   Macallum     and   J.   C.   McLennan 
represented   the  central   organization. 
The    election    of   officers    resulted    as 
follows: — Honorary  President.  M.  J.  Kelly, 
M.B.   '64,    LL.B.  "'66;    President,    A.   J. 
Wilkea,  LL.B.  '72,  K.C.;  Vice-Presidents, 

B.  C.  Bell,  B.A. '95.  M.B.,  of  Paris;  G.M. 
Standing,    B.A.    '95,    and   Rev.    D.    Y. 
Ross,  B.A.,  '75,  M.A.,  of  St.  George; 
Secretary-Treasurer,     R.     H.     Squire, 
B.A.Sc.  '94;    Executive  Committee,  A. 
W.    Burt,    B.A.    '84,    J.    R.    Hamilton, 
B.A.   '87,  C.   E.    S.   Tapscott,   BA.   '97, 
Kev.  E.    Cockburn,     B.    A.     '70.    M.    A. 
'72,  of  Paris,  M.  J.  Kearnei  M.B.  '87,  D. 
H.  Coates,  B.A.  '86,  A.  C.  W.  Hardy, 
E.A.  '95,  LL.B.  '96. 


British    Columbia   Alumni. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  British  Columbia 
Alumni  Association  in  Vancouver  re- 
cently, F.  G.  Lucas,  B.A.  '01,  was 
elected  secretary.  A  committee  of 
three,  consisting  of  W.  E.  Burns,  B.A. 
'95,  Rev.  F.  A.  Wilson  and  F.  G.  Lucas, 
B.A.  '01,  was  elected  to  act  in  conjunc- 
tion with  the  President.  Rev.  R. 
Whittington,  B.A.  '79,  M.A.  '82,  in  lay- 
ing before  the  members  of  the  Associa- 
tion throughout  the  Province  the  ques- 
tions at  issue  at  the  present  time.  One 
of  the  chief  questions  now  under  dis- 
cussion in  British  Columbia  is  the 
formation  of  a  provincial  university, 
or  the  affiliation  of  a  college  in  British 
Columbia  with  the  University  of  To- 
ronto. 


Brant    County   Alumni. 

The  annual  meeting  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Toronto  Alumni  Association  of 


Reunion  of  the  Class  of  1888. 

The  class  of  1888,  University  of  To- 
ronto, held  a  pleasant  reunion  on 
April  15th,  and  talked  over  old  times 
at  'Varsity.  There  were  sixteen  pres- 
ent:— E.  A.  Hardy,  B.A.,  Lindsay;  Rev. 
J.  O.  Miller,  B.A.,  M.A.,  RMley  Col- 
lege, St.  Catharines;  Rev.  W.  A.  Brad- 
ley, B.A.,  Berlin;  M.  P.  Tailing,  B.A., 
Toronto;  C.  S.  Kerr,  B.A.;  H.  J.  Craw- 
ford, B.A.;  E.  L.  Hill,  B.A.;  R."  Mc- 
Kay, B.A.;  J.  E.  Jones,  B.A.;  H.  C. 
Boultbee,  B.A.;  E.  S.  Hogarth,  B.A.; 
G.  Waldron.  B.A.;  J.  McGowan.  B.A.; 
W.  A.  Lamport,  B.A.,  LL.B.;  S.  J.  Rad- 
cliffe,  B.A. 


262 


UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 


The  Richardson  Jubilee. 

On  the  evening  of  April  15th,  1903,  more 
than  one  hundred  old  students  from  al- 
most all  parts  of  the  Dominion  assembled 
to  do  honour  to  that  old  Master  in  Ana- 
tomy, Dr.  James  H.  Richardson. 

The  chair  was  occupied  by  Professor 
Irving  H.  Cameron,  who  in  the  absence  of 
any  Medical  Missionary,  asked  Professor 
Ramsay  Wright  to  say  grace.  After  the 
dinner  and  toast  to  the  King  had  been 
honoured,  a  portrait  of  Dr.  Richardson  was 
unveiled,  and  on  behalf  of  his  old  students 
was  presented  by  Dr.  G.  S.  Cleland,  in  a 
few  well-chosen  remarks,  to  the  University 
of  Toronto,  to  grace  the  walls  of  the  new 
Medical  Building.  The  gift  was  formally 
accepted  on  behalf  of  the  University  by 
Vice-Chancellor  Moss.  The  toast  of  the 
evening  to  "  The  Guest  of  Honour  "  was 

Eroposed  by  the  Chairman  and  responded  to 
y  Dr.  Ricjfiardson,  who  was  not  only  in 
particularly  good  form,  but  in  a  reminis- 
cent mood.  His  remarks  were  greatly  ap- 
preciated by  all  the  "  old  boys"  present. 
The  wish  of  all  present  was  that  their  old 
professor  might  live  many  more  years  to 
enjoy  a  happy  old  age.  Dr.  T.  Cullen, 
Baltimore,  proposed  the  toast  to  the  Uni 
versity,  to  which  President  Loudon  replied. 
During  the  proceedings  Dr.  E.  E.  King 
presented  Mrs.  Richardson,  who  with  a  few 


friends  was  in  the  gallery,  with   a   beauti- 
ful bouquet  of  American  Beauty  roses. 
F.N.G.  Starr. 


Victoria    Convocation   for    Degrees 
in  Theology. 

The  circle  of  institutions  which 
unite  to  make  up  the  University  of 
Toronto  embraces  Divinity  Schools  of 
the  leading  religious  denominations. 
That  of  the  Metnodist  Church  is  at- 
tached to  the  Arts  faculty  of  Victoria 
University  in  federation  with  tne  Uni- 
versity of  Toronto.  This  faculty  of 
Theology  is  one  of  the  largest  Divinity 
Schools  in  the  Dominion  enrolling  last 
year  132  students  of  whom  90  are  also 
students  in  Arts  either  in  occasional 
classes  or  as  undergraduates  who  take 
theological  options.  The  graduating 
class  of  the  year  numbered  26  of  whom 
18  have  taken  the  degree  of  B.A.  and 
11  the  highest  course  in  Theology, 
receiving  the  degree  of  B.D.  Nine  only 
of  the  26  have  qualified  for  ordina- 
tion in  what  is  known  as  the  ordinary 
course. 

The  list  of  honours,  medals  and  prizes 
is  large  and  the  registrar  reports  the 
standing  of  the  students  as  above  the 
average.  The  presentation  of  the 
prizes  was  made  to  the  various  candi- 
dates with  appropriate  addresses  by 
visitors  and  leading  members  of  the 
Senate,  and  at  the  close  the  graduating 
class  was  addressed  by  the  Chancellor 
on  "  Religious  Problems  of  the  Age." 

The  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity 
Jionoris  causa,  was  conferred  on  the 
Rev.  John  Macdougall,  Superinten- 
dent of  Indian  Missions  in  Manitoba 
and  the  North-West  Territories,  on 
the  Rev.  George  Lane,  President  of  the 
General  Conference  of  the  Australian 
Methodist  Church,  and  on  the  Rev. 
Lewis  Curtis,  B.A.,  Superintendent  of 
Education  for  Methodist  Schools  in 
Newfoundland. 


Faculty  of  Arts. 

Class  of  1899. 

H.    E.    Abraham,    B.A.,    resides    at 

Whitby,  Ont. Miss  H.  B.  Alexander, 

B.A.,  is  a  teacher  at  Elora,  Ont. 

W.  H.  Alexander,  B.A.,  is  a  reader  in 
Latin,   residing  at  2601   Durant  Way, 

Berkeley,   Cal.  T.  D.   Allingham, 

E.A.,  is  a  teacher  at  North  Bay,  Ont 


TORONTONENSIA. 


263 


Rev.  F.  W.  Anderson,  B.A.,  is  asj 

sistant   pastor   of   Knox   Presbyterian 

Church,  Winnipeg,  Man. Miss  N.  E. 

Andison,  B.A.,  is  on  the  staff  of  West- 
bourne  School,  Bloor  St.  W.,  Toronto. 

E.  N.  Armour,  B.A.,  is  a  barrister 

and  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Bristol, 
Bayley  &  Armour,  Bay  St.,  Toronto. 

B.  (M.  Armstrong,  B.A.,  resides  at 

Ottawa,  Ont. Miss  Ethel  Bell,  B.A., 

is  on  the  staff  of  the  Bishop  Strachan 
School  and  resides  at  20  Earl  St.,  To- 
ronto.  Miss  C.  C.  Benson,  B.A.,  is 

fellow  in  chemistry  in  the  University 

of  Toronto. E.   T.   Bishop,   B.A., 

LL.B.,   is   a  barrister   and   resides   at 

G33    1-2    Spadina   Ave.,    Toronto. S. 

Blumberger,  B.A.,  is  a  student  at  Knox 

College,   Toronto.  E.   G.   Bogart, 

B.A.,  is  taking  post-graduate  work  at 

Cornell  University,  Ithaca,  N.Y.  • 

J.  R.  Bone,  B.A.,  is  a  reporter  for  The 
Star,  and  resides  on  Bathurst  St., 

Toronto. J.    Bradford,    B.A.,    is    a 

barrister  and  on  the  staff  of  Messrs. 
Browning  &  Senkler,  North  Bay,  Ont. 
Rev.  A.  L.  Burch,  B.A.,  is  a  Presby- 
terian clergyman  in  Rossland,  B.C. — 
Miss  G.  O.  Burgess,  B.A.,  is  living  in 

London,  Ont. M.  C.  Cameron,  B.A., 

is  a  barrister,  and  a  member  of  the 
firm  of  Meredith  &  Cameron,  Home 

Life    Bldg.,    Toronto  E.    Carter, 

B.A.,  is  a  teacher  at  Lucan,  Ont. E. 

A.  Cleary,  B.A.,  LL.B.,  is  a  barrister 

at    Windsor,     Ont.  Miss     Norah 

Cleary,   B.A.,   is   on   the  high   school 

staff  at  Windsor,  Ont. R.  J.  Clegg, 

B.A.,  is  living  in  Belgrave,  Ont. M. 

L.  Cohen,  M.A.  (ob.). C.  G.  Cowan, 

B.A.,  is  in  the  Post  Office  department, 
and  resides  at  198  Albert  St.,  Ottawa. 

W.  S.  Dakin,  M.A.,  M.B.  '02,  is  a 

practising  physician  in  Gait,  Ont. 

R.  Davidson,  M.A.,  is  studying  in  Ber- 
lin, Germany. Miss  E.  Dennis,  B.A., 

is  a  teacher  at  Samokin,  Pa. Miss 

M.   A.  "Dickey,   B.A.,   is   a  teacher   at 

Stirling,   Ont. A.   J.   Dickson,   B.A., 

resides  at  118  Durocher  St.,  Montreal, 

Que.  S.   A.   Dickson,   B.A.,   is   in 

Saskatchewan,  Alta.  W.  H.  Din- 
ning, B.A.',  resides  at  981 1-2  Harrison 

St.,   San   Francisco,   Cal.   W.   E. 

Douglas,  B.A.,  resides  at  87  Yonge  St., 

Toronto,  Ont. Miss  H.  E.  Downey, 

B.A.,  is  teaching  at  Gravenhurst,  Ont. 

Miss  A.  T.  Dunn,  B.A.,  is  a  teacher 

in  Toronto,  and  resides  at  369  Wilton 
Ave. J.  H.  F.  Fisher,  B.A.,  LL.B., 


is   a  barrister  at   Ottawa,   Ont. W. 

Forbes,  BA.,  is  living  in  Winnipeg, 
Man. J.  G.  Gibson,  B.A.,  is  at  Ot- 
tawa.    W.  A.  Groves,  B.A.,  is  a 

student  in  the  Medical  Faculty  of  the 

University  of  Toronto. W.  J.  Glan- 

field,    M.A.,    is    teaching    in    Chesley, 

Ont. Miss     E.     J.     Guest,    M.A.,    is 

a     teacher     at     Parkhill,     Ont. F. 

W.  Halliday,  B.A.,  LL.B.,  is  a  bar- 
rister and  a  member  of  the  firm  of 
Dods,  Grant  &  Halliday,  Toronto. 

— A.  L.  Harvey,  B.A.,  is  at  Caseville, 

Mich. Rev.  R.  H.  A.  Haslam,  B.A., 

is  Organization  Secretary  for  the 
Church  Missionary  Association;  his 
headquarters  are  Wycliffe  College, 

Toronto.  V.  E.  Henderson,  M.A., 

M.B,.  is  assistant  demonstrator  in 
Physiology  in  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania, Philadelphia,  Pa. J.  L. 

Hogg,  B.A.,  who  held  a  scholarship  in 
mathematics  at  Harvard  University, 
Cambridge,  Mass.,  has  been  awarded 
the  John  Tyndall  Travelling  Fellow- 
ship by  that  University. J.  B.  Hun- 
ter, B.A.,  is  on  the  staff  of  the  Min- 
ister of  Public  Works,  Ottawa. R. 

G.  Hunter,  B.A.,  is  a  barrister,  and  a 
member  of  the  firm  of  Rolph,  Brown 
&  Hunter,  32  Adelaide  St.  E.,  Toronto. 

A.  S.  Hurst,  B.A.,  is  head  of  the 

English  department  in  the  High  School 

at  Bridgeport,  Conn. J.  G.  Inkster, 

B.A.,   is   at  New   College,   Edinburgh, 

Scotland. Miss  B.  M.  Jamieson,  B.A., 

is  on  the  staff  of  the  Massachusetts 

General    Hospital,    Boston,    Mass. 

P.  T.  Jermyn,  B.A.,  is  at  Wiarton,  Ont. 

V.  F.  Johns,  B.A.,  is  at  Wiarton. 

Ont. Miss  J.  jM.  Johnston,  B.A.,  is 

on   the  staff   of   the   High    School   in 

Stamford,  Conn.  H.  Kelly,  B.A., 

resides  at  110  Hazelton  Ave.,  Toronto. 

Miss  E.  V.  Kennedy,  B.A.,  resides 

at  65  Borden  St.,  Toronto. W.  A.  R. 

is.err,  M.A.,  an  instructor  at  Harvard 
University.Cambridge,  Mass.,  has 'spent 
the  year  in  Paris,  France.  His  address 

there  is  9  Rue  Gerbillon. G.C.King, 

B.A.,   is   at  Kingsville,   Ont. G.   A. 

Kingstone,  B.A.,  is  a  teacher  at  Camp- 

bellford,   Ont. Miss   P.   Lapatnikoff, 

B.A.,  is  a  teacher  in  St.  Charles,  Mo. 

— Miss  J.  K.  Lawson,  B.A.,  is  on  the 
Library  staff  at  Columbia  University, 

New   York,   N.Y. R.   V.    Le   Sueur, 

B.A.,  resides  at  14  Grenville  St.,  To- 
ronto.  Miss  Addie  Lick,  B.A.,  is  a 

teacher  at  the  High  School  in  Cayuga, 


264 


UNIVERSITY  OP  TORONTO  MONTHLY 


Ont.   Miss   Susie   Little,   B.A.,   is 

student  travelling  secretary  for  the 
Y.W.C.A.  Her  address  is  21  Division 

•St.,  Toronto.  Miss  M.  C.  Mason, 

13. A.,  is  instructor  in  Modern  Lan- 
guages at  the  High  School,  Gouver- 
neur,  N.Y. A.  J.  Mather,  B.A.,  re- 
sides at  Weston,  Ont.  - —  J.  R.  W. 
Meredith,  B.A.,  is  a  barrister,  and  a 
member  of  the  firm  of  Meredith  & 

Cameron,  Home  Lifd  Bldg.,Toronto 

Miss  G.  E.  M.  Millar,  B.A.,  is  a  teacher 

at  Midland,  Ont. Rev.  J.  J.  Monds, 

B.A.,    is    a     Presbyterian     clergyman, 

Knox  Church,  Glen  Allan,   Ont. R. 

D.  Moorhead,  B.A.,  is  in  the  office  of 
Laidlaw,  Kappele  &  Bicknell,  barris- 
ters, 34  Wellington  St.  E.,  Toronto. 

Miss  A.  M.  Morrison,  B.A.,  is  a  teacher 

at  Niagara  Falls  South,  Ont. R.  H. 

Mullin,  BA.,  M.B.,  is  house  surgeon  at 
the    General    Hospital,    Toronto.    - 
Rev.  R.  J.  McAlpine,  M.A.,  is  a  Presby- 
terian clergyman  at  Owen  Sound,  Ont. 

)Mrs.  D.  McKerroll,  B.A.  (Miss  M.C. 

McBain),  resides  at  Button  West,  Ont. 
A.  McDougall,  B.A.,  resides  in  Ot- 
tawa, Ont. D.  McDougall,  B.A.,  is 

classical  teacher  at  the  collegiate  in- 
stitute, Brandon,  Man. G.  McDou- 
gall, B.A.,  is  a  teacher  in  Kemptville, 

Ont. Rev.  J.  McKay,  B.A.,  is  pastor 

of  Crescent  St.  Presbyterian  Church, 
Montreal,  Que,  His  address  is  62  St. 

Luke  St.  W.  F.  McKay,  B.A.,   is 

with  the  Cleveland  Trust  Co..  Cleve- 
land, O. Rev.  D.  McKerroll,  B.A., 

is  a  Presbyterian  clergyman  in  Sutton 

West,  Ont. Miss  U.  McKinlay,  B.A., 

resides   at  34   Grenville   St.,   Toronto. 

H.  W.  McLean,  B.A.,  is    on    the 

staff  of  the  Imperial  Life  Assurance 

Co.,  24  King  St.  E.,  Toronto. W.  I. 

McLean,  B.A.,   is  a  teacher  at  Vank- 

leek  Hill,  Ont.  R.  D.  McMurchy, 

B.A.,  is  principal  of  the  public  school 

at    Chesley,    Ont. W.    H.    McNairn, 

M.A.,  is  taking  post  graduate  work  at 
the  University  of  Toronto.  He  resides 

at  4  Harvard  Ave.,  Toronto. Miss 

M.  H.  I.  McRae,  B.A.,  is  a  teacher  at 

Perham,  Wise. Miss  E.  M.  Neilson, 

B.A.,  is  living  in  Calgary,  N.W.T. 
(To  be  continued.') 


Faculty   of   Arts,   Victoria. 

Class  of  1874. 

J.  English,  B.A.,  is  residing  at  Nap- 
anee,   Ont. G.   W.   Hewitt,   B.A.,   is 


living  at  Brookholm,  Ont.  S.  F. 

Le  Barre,  B.A.  (ob.).  B.  Long- 
ley,  B.A.,  is  residing  in  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

T.  Manning,  B.A.,  resides  in  St. 

Mary's,  Ont. W.  F.  Marceau,  B.A., 

is  in  Napierville,  Que. Rev.  F.  C. 

McAmmond,  B.A.,  is  a  Methodist 

clergyman  at  Ottawa,  Ont. G.  D. 

Platt,  B.A.,  is  residing  at  Picton,  Ont. 

W.  R.  Riddell,  B.A.,  LL.B.,  is  a 

barrister  and  resides  at  109  St.  George 
St.,  Toronto. -V.  Switzer,  B.A.  (ob.). 

The  addresses  of  the  following  are 
unknown: 

B.  M.  Brisbin,  B.A. -Chas.  Wesley 

Peterson,  B.A. 


Faculty    of    Medicine. 

Class  of  1879. 

J.  D.  Anderson,  M.B.,  is  a  prac- 
tising physician  at  32  Syndicate 
Block.  Minneapolis,  Minn.  -  -  G,  S. 
Armstrong,  M.B.,  is  a  physician,  10 

Trader's  Block,  Spokane,  Wash. D. 

A.  Bowlby,  M.B.,  is  a  physician  in  Sim- 

coe,  Ont. D.  C.  Buchner,  M.B..  is  a 

physician  at  Orangeville  Mills,  (Mich. 
F.  Burt,  M.D.,  is  practising  medi- 
cine in  Norwalk,  Ohio. J.  W. 

Caughlin,  M.B.,  is  a  physician  in  Bay 

City,    Mich. W.    F.    Chappel,    M.B.. 

is  a  physician  at  7  East  55th  St.,  New 

York,  N.Y. T.  Chisholm,  M.B.,  is  a 

practising  physician  in  Wingham, 
Ont. R.  E.  Clapp,  M.B.,  is  a  physi- 
cian at  Mildmay,  Ont. J.  R.  Dry- 
den,  M.B.,  is  a  physician  in  Guelph, 

Ont. W.    B.    Duck,    M.D.    (ob.). 

A.  J.  Geikie,  M.B.,  is  a  practising 
physician  residing  at  52  Maitland  St., 

Toronto,   Ont.   W.   C.    Gouinlock, 

M.B.,  is  a  physician  at  Warsaw,  N.Y. 

D.  H.  Gould,  M.B.,  is  a  physician 

at  Fenelon  Falls,  Ont. C.  J.  Hamil- 
ton, M.D.,  is  a  physician  in  Cornwall, 

Ont. J.    G.    Head,   M.D.    (ob.). J. 

G.   Hyde,     M.B.,    is     a    physician     in 

Clyde,   Alago,    New   Zealand. T.   A. 

Kidd,  M.B.   (ob.). J.  S.  King,  Itf.D,, 

is  a  practising  physician  at  288  Jar- 
vis  St.,  Toronto.  -  -  W.  Lehmann, 
M.B.,  is  a  physician  at  164  Spadina 

Ave.,  Toronto. J.  W.  Lesslie,  M.D., 

is  a  practising  physician.    His  address 

is  1  St.  Patrick  St.,  Toronto. R.  P. 

Mills,    MB.    (ob.). J.    R.   McCarroll, 

M.D.,  is  a  physician  in  Detroit,  Mich. 


TORONTONENSIA. 


265 


A.  McDiarmid,  M.B.,  is  practising 

medicine    at    103    State    St.,    Chicago, 

111.   J.    J.    McFadden,    M.B.,    is   a 

physician   in   Neepawa,   Man. J.   J. 

Melllhargey,    M.D.    (ob.). H.    G. 

iMacKid,  M.B.,  is  a  physician  at  Cal- 
gary, Alta. J.  A.  McKinnon,  M.B., 

is  a  physician  in  Charlottetown,  P.E. 
I. P.  D.  McLean,  M.B.,  is  a  physi- 
cian in  Woodbridge,  Ont.  -  -  G.  W. 
McNamara,  M.B.,  is  a  physician  in 

Eldred,  Pa. D.  A.  Nelles,  M.B.,  is  a 

physician  at   Thornhill,    Ont. T.   J. 

Park,  M.D.,  is  a  practising  physician 
at  Amherstburg,  Ont.  -  -  E.  Prouse, 
M.D.,  is  a  physician  in  Windsor,  Ont. 

G.    G.    Howe,    M.D.,    is    practising 

medicine  in  Toronto.    His  address  is 
1329    Queen   St.    W. — —J.   W.    Sharpe, 
M.B.r  is  a  physician  in  (McClure,  O. — 
F.  W.   Shaw,   M.B.,  is  a  physician  in 

Carberry,  Man. R.  W.  B.  Smith, 

M.D.,  is  a  physician  in  Hamilton,  Ont. 

B.  Spencer,  M.D.   (ob.).  -    -  F.  C. 

Stevenson,    M.B.,    is    a    physician    in 

Bradford,  Ont. J.  A.  Todd,  M.B.,  is 

a  practising  physician  at  165  College 

St.,  Toronto.  H.  C.  Van  Norman, 

M.B.,  is  a  physician  in  Goldfield,  Cal. 
The  address  of  the  following  is  un- 
known:— J.  M.  King,  M.D. 


Personals. 

H.  M.  Cook.  B.A.  'i/i,  has  removed 
from  South  Kiver  to  Berlin.  Ont 

D.  Jeffrey,  S.P.S.  '82,  has  removed 
from  Delmar,  Iowa,  to  Crystal,  Okla. 

D.  E.  Smith,  B.A.  '79,  is  on  the  staft 
<tf  Swift  &  Co.,  packers,  Chicago,  111. 

F.  H.  Sherk,  M.B.  '90,  is  a  practising 
physician  in  Campbellford,  Ont. 

T.  Green,  B.A.  '02,  is  a  Methodist 
missionary  in  Phoenix,  B.C. 

F.  W.  Stockton,  M.B.  '94,  is  a  prac- 
tising physician  at  Okotoks,  Alberta. 

Miss  Julia  S.  Cowan,  B.A.  '95,  resides 
at  206  East  17th  St.,  New  York. 

G.  A.  Hackney,  B.A.  '01,  Presbyterian 
missionary  at  Camp   McKinney.   B.C., 
has  removed  to  Abbotsford,  B.C. 

,  Miss  A.  H.  Young,  B.A.  '96,  is  em- 
ployed on  the  catalogue  in  the  library 
of  the  University  of  Toronto. 

W.  T.  F.  Tamblyn,  B.A.  '95,  Ph.D. 
(Col.),  is  professor  of  English  in  the 
Western  University.  London,  Ont. 

Miss  F.  V.  Keys,  B.A.  '91,  is  on  the 
staff  of  Vassar  College,  Poughkeepsie 
N.Y. 


Miss  M.  A.  MacKenzie,  B.A.  '92,  is 
now  on  the  staff  of  the  Margaret  Pills- 
tury  General  Hospital,  Concord,  N.H. 

Paul  L.  Scott,  M.B.  '00,  is  a  practis- 
ing physician  resident  at  19  Avenue 
Road,  Toronto. 

Rev.  W.  R.  Archer,  B.A.  '02,  is  a 
Methodist  minister  at  uurrie's  Cross- 
ing, Ont. 

Miss  E.  Allin,  B.A.  '98,  is  on  the 
staff  of  the  High  School  at  Bowman- 
vine,  Ont. 

Mrs.  A.  H.  Montgomery  (Miss  E.  L. 
E.  Peers,  B.A.  '02),  resides  at  209  West 
107th  St.,  New  York. 

W.  J.  Abbott.  B.A.  '97,  M.B.  '01,  i£ 
on  the  staff  of  the  Lakeside  Hospital, 
Cleveland,  Ohio. 

N.  T.  jMaclaurin,  M.B.  '02,  is  resident 
physician  in  the  Home  for  Incurables, 
Dunn  Avenue,  Toronto. 

W.  A.  Duff,  S.P.S.  '01,  is  a  draughts- 
man on  tne  staff  of  the  Kenwood 
Bridge  Co.,  Chicago,  111. 

E.  N.  Coutts,  fA.~B.  '00,  is  surgeon  in 
charge  of  the  mining  camp  at  Obnassi, 
Dommasi,  Gold  Coast.  W.  Africa. 

John  MacLean,  B.A.  '02,  is  teaching 
in  the  High  School,  Waukegan,  Illi- 
nois, and  resides  at  329  Cory  Avenue. 

F.  H.  Phipps,  B.A.  '02,  is  on  the  staff 
of   the   Equitable   Life   Assurance   Co. 
in  Hamilton,  Ont. 

J.  W.  Tyrrell,  C.E.  '89,  is  now  en- 
gaged in  surveying  townships  within  a 
radius  of  50  miles  of  Saskatoon,  N.W.T. 

W.  H.  Pease,  B.A.  '94,  is  now  on  the 
Law  Faculty  of  the  University  of 
Colorado,  Boulder,  Col. 

Miss  |M.  M.  Phillips,  B.A.  '02,  is  at- 
tending the  normal  college  at  Regina, 
Assa. 

D.  D.  Ellis,  M.D.  '85,  formerly  of  St. 
Mary's,  Ont.,  is  now  at  Fleming,  East- 
ern Assiniboia. 

Thomas  Sparks,  M.B.  '67,  formerly 
cf  Lakeside,  Ont,  is  a  practising  phy- 
sician in  St.  Mary's,  Ont. 

W.  H.  Dinning,  B.A.  '99,  has  removed 
from  Anderson's  Academy,  Irvington, 
to  98ly2  Harrison  St.,  San  Francisco, 
California. 

E.  D.   Carder,  B.A.  '96,   M.B.  '00,  is 
surgeon   on   the   R.M.S.   "  Empress   ot 
India,"  with  headquarters  at  Vancou- 
ver, B.C. 

The  Rev.  C.  C.  Owen,  &.A.  '86,  rec- 
tor of  the  Memorial  Church,  Lon- 
don. Ont.,  has  accepted  the  rectorship 
of  Christ  Church,  Vancouver,  B.C. 


236 


UNIVERSITY  OF  TOEONTO  MONTHLY 


Rev.  J.  J.  Monds,  B.A.  '99,  was  or- 
dained and  inducted  into  the  charge  of 
Knox  Church,  Glenallen,  and  Chalm- 
ers Church,  Hollin,  Ont.,  March  31st. 

Rev.  E.  A.  Wicher,  B.A.  '95,  M.A.; 
formerly  of  Claude,  Ont.,  who  has 
taken  up  missionary  work  in  Japan, 
is  now  settled  at  Kobe,  Japan. 

Rev.  Andrew  Hamilton,  B.A.  '86, 
formerly  in  charge  of  the  jMethodist 
church  at  Freelton,  Ont.,  has  removed 
to  Fergus,  Ont. 

J.  W.  Mallon,  B.A.  '90,  LL.B.,  who 
has  been  appointed  Inspector  of  Legal 
Offices  in  Ontario,  was  sworn  in  April 
23rd. 

J.  Nelson  Robertson,  B.A.  '97,  writes 
that  a  British  Yale  Club  has  been 
formed  by  the  students  attending  Yale 
from  Canada,  Australia,  New  Zealand 
and  South  Africa. 

Rev.  George  Cooper,  B.A.  '62,  M.A., 
a  well  known  Baptist  clergyman  in 
Richmond,  Va.,  spent  a  short  time  in 
Toronto  recently  renewing  old  associ- 
ations. 

David  Boyle,  curator  of  the  Provin- 
cial Museum  at  the  Normal  School, 
Toronto,  has  presented  to  the  Univer- 
sity a  collection  of  fossils  made  by 
him  at  Aurora,  Ont.,  many  years  ago. 

Rev.  F.  W.  Anderson,  B.A.  '99,  sec- 
retary of  the  Students'  Volunteer 
Missionary  Association,  Toronto,  is 
now  assistant  pastor  of  Knox  Church, 
Winnipeg,  Man. 

G.  W.  Badgerow,  M.B.  '94,  who  re- 
cently obtained  the  degrees  of  M.R.C.S. 
and  L.R.C.P.  (London),  has  been  ap- 
pointed to  the  clinical  staff  of  Golden 
Square  Throat  and  Nose  Hospital, 
London. 

F.  A.  McDiarmid,  B.A.  '02,  who  was 
Glashan  gold  medalist  last  year,  ac- 
companied Mr.  Otto  J.  Klotz  to  assist 
him  in  laying  down  hitherto  undeter- 
mined longitudes  in  the  Southern 
Pacific. 

J.  M.  Bell,  B.A.  '02,  Fellow  in  Chem- 
istry at  Cornell  University,  who  was 
at  his  home  in  Toronto  recuperating 
after  an  attack  of  typhoid  contracted 
during  the  epidemic  at  Ithaca,  has  re- 
turned to  his  work. 

The  Rev.  H.  D.  Cameron,  B.A.  '97,  of 
Barrie,  Ont.,  has  been  appointed  one 
of  the  delegates  of  the  Ontario  Sun- 
day School  Association  to  the  world's 
Sunday  school  convention  at  Jerusa- 
lem in  April,  1904. 


H.  E.  Roaf,  M.B.  '02,  who  is  colonial 
fellow  at  University  College,  Liverpool, 
finds  the  life  of  the  college  residence 
at  No.  44  Upper  Parliament  Street 
pleasant,  and  is  enjoying  the  oppor- 
tunities for  advanced  work  which  his 
position  affords  him. 

Colin  C.  Campbell,  M.B.  '01,  formerly 
house  surgeon  of  the  Toronto  General 
Hospital,  and  later  surgeon  of  the 
R.M.S.  Empress  of  India,  has  recently 
been  appointed  house  surgeon  in  the 
Royal  London  Ophthalmic  Hospital, 
England. 

W.  A.  Craik,  B.A.  '02,  who  has  been 
for  some  time  on  the  staff  of  the  Mc- 
Lean Publishing  Co.,  Toronto,  is  now 
on  the  staff  of  the  Canadian  Manufac- 
turers' Association,  and  has  charge  of 
"  Industrial  Canada,"  the  monthly 
publication  of  the  Association. 

C.  McL.  Fraser,  B.A.  '98,  formerly 
science  master  in  the  collegiate  insti- 
tute, Collingwood,  Ont.,  has  been  ap- 
pointed to  a  similar  position  in  the 
high  school  at  Nelson,  B.C.  Since 
leaving  Collingwood  he  has  been  en- 
gaged in  biological  worn  in  Toronto 
and  at  Canso,  C.'B. 

Dr.  F.  S.  Wrinch,  B.A.  '96,  M.A.,  who 
has  been  engaged  in  the  psychological 
department  of  Princeton  University, 
has  been  appointed  a  lecturer  at  the 
University  of  California,  where  he  will 
take  up  his  work  in  September  next, 
and  until  that  time  is  conducting  an 
investigation  at  Princeton  for  the 
Carnegie  Institute. 

The  award  of  fellowships  in  the 
University  of  Chicago,  recently  an- 
nounced, includes  the  names  of  the 
following  graduates  of  the  University 
of  Toronto:— G.  F.  Kay,  B.A.  '00,  M.A., 
fellow  in  geology;  N.  W.  De  Witt, 
B.A.  '99,  fellow  in  Latin;  A.  S.  Wilson, 
B.A.  '00,  fellow  in  systematic  the- 
ology; M.  A.  Crysler,  B.A.  '94,  fellow 
in  botany. 

L'Alliance  Franchise  has  been  the 
means  of  interesting  Mr.  James  H. 
Hyde  of  New  \ork  in  the  work  of 
the  French  department  in  the  Univer- 
sity, and  he  has  offered  four  bronze 
medals  for  competition  among  the 
students  in  French  in  each  of  the  four 
years.  These  medals  will  be  awarded 
for  the  first  time  upon  the  results  of 
the  pMay  examinations  this  year. 

Rev.  C.  T.  Currelley,  B.A.  '98,  M.A. 
'01,  who  has  recently  discovered  the 


TOEONTONENSIA. 


267 


tomb  of  Aahames,  the  first  king  of 
the  eighteenth  dynasty,  the  Pharaoh 
of  the  Bible  who  "  kirew  not  Joseph," 
ic  now  exploring  the  pre-Mysenaean 
deposits  of  Crete.  The  establishment 
of  a  Toronto  branch  of  the  Egypt  Ex- 
ploration Fund  has  been  undertaken 
by  the  chancellor  of  Victoria  Univer- 
sity. The  subscription  is  $5  per  an- 
num. 

C.  J.  MacGregor,  B.A.  '55,  M.A.  '57; 
Stratford,  Ont.,  writes  in  approval  of 
Professor  Macallum's  suggestion  that 
there  should  be  this  year  a  jubilee 
celebration  of  the  opening  of  King's 
College  in  1843.  He  reminds  the 
alumni  also  that  this  is  the  50th  anni- 
versary of  the  establishment  of  Uni- 
versity College  as  a  teaching  institu- 
tion. Lectures  were  begun  in  October, 
1853,  by  Professors  Cherrimen,  Wilson, 
Chapman  and  Forneri. 

At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  On- 
tario* Library  Association  held  last 
month  in  Toronto,  the  following  offi- 
cers were  elected  for  the  ensuing  year: 
President,  H.  H.  Langton,  B.A.  '83; 
first  vice-president,  R.  J.  Blackwell, 
London;  second  vice-president,  W.  Ty- 
ler, B.A.  '62,  Guelph;  secretary,  E.  A. 
Hardy,  B.A.  '88,  Lindsay;  treasurer, 
Professor  A.  B.  Macallum,  the  Cana- 
dian Institute,  Toronto;  committee, 
Miss  Janet  Carothan,  Niagara;  Miss 
C.  A.  Reeve,  Brockville;  W.  J.  Rob- 
ertson, B.A.  '73,  LL.B.,  St.  Catharines; 
James  Bain,  jr.,  D.C.L.,  Toronto;  Gor- 
don J.  Smith,  Paris. 


Marriages. 

;Montgomery-Peers  —  At  Woodstock, 
April  listh,  A.  H.  Montgomery,  B.A. 
'98,  was  married  to  Miss  G.  L.  Peers. 

Mason-Wheeler— At  Toronto,  April 
22nd,  A.  D.  Mason.  D.D.S.,  was  married 
to  Miss  G.  Wheeler. 

Bell-Sneath  —  At  Penetanguishene, 
Ont.,  April  22nd,  Professor  A.  J.  Bell 
of  Victoria  University  to  Miss  M. 
Sneath. 

Hillock-Addison — •  On  April  20th,  Janie 
Sanderson  Hillock,  B.A.  ;95,  was  married 
to  W.  L.  T.  Addison,  RA.  '92. 

Thompson-Burse  —  At  Blenheim, 
Ont.,  April  llth,  J.  F.  Thompson,  B.A. 
•'94,  classical  master  of  the  High  School 
at  Simcoe,  Ont.,  to  Miss  Mary  M. 
Burse. 


Deaths. 

Baldwin— At  Olive  Island,  Muskoka, 
on  jMarch  23rd,  William  Warren  Bald- 
win, B.A.  '86,  M.B.  '90,  son  of  the  late 
Robert  Baldwin  of  22  Carlton  Street, 
Toronto. 

Cowan — Samuel  Cowan,  M.B.  '66, 
died  recently  at  his  home  in  Harris- 
ton,  Ont. 

Gordon — At  Baltimore,  on  March 
28th,  D.  G.  Gordon,  B.A.  '83,  M.U. 
(Trin.). 

Howell— W.  A.  Howell,  M.D.  '60, 
died  at  his  home  in  Jarvis,  Ont. 


Mason&Risch 

PIANOS 

Satisfy  the  most 
exacting      .      .     . 

Warerooms,  32  KING  ST.  WEST 


Ill 


UNIVEESITY  OF  TOEONTO  MONTHLY 


ST,  MARGARET'S  COLLEte 

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GASTON    PARIS 
BORN,  1839— DIED,  1903 


THE 

UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

VOL.  III.  JUNE,  1903.  No.  9. 

TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 

PAGE  PAGE 

Gaston  Paris,  Life  and  Work,  By  J.  The  Alumnae  Reception.     .     .      .  320 

Squair,  B.A 269  The  Garden  Party  of  June  12th     .   320 

Personal    Recollections,      Bv    J.  Commencement    Exercises,  of  the 

Home  Cameron,  M.A.   .  '  .     .  275  Class  of  1903,  Arts  ....  320 

The  Chancellor's  Address,  BySirWm.  Knox  College 321 

R.  Meredith,  LL.D.  .  277  Wychffe  College 321 

Open  Air  Shakespeare,  By  PelhamEd-  Alumni  in  California 322 

r,nr   Ph    n  oc-7  Alumni  Publications 322 

...  287  The  Boundary  Post 322 

Annual  Meeting  of  the  Alumni  As-  Reunion  of  the  Class  of  '96,  Medi- 

sociation 289  cine 322 

1  he  Ontario  Agricultural  College,    By  Reunion  of  the  Class  of '83,  Arts  .  323 

C.  C.  James,  M.A 297  Faculty  of  Arts,  Class  of  '99    .     .  323 

The  Alninni  Dinner,  by  H.J.CrawJord,  Faculty  of  Arts  Victoria,  Class  of 

B.A. 304  1875 324 

Convocation,  By  S.  J.  Robertson,  B.A.  307  Faculty  of  Medicine,  Class  of  1880  324 

A  ho  Con  vocation  Hall  Fund.     .     .     .  313  Personals 325 

Torontonensia 319  Marriages  and  Deaths    ....  328 

UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY  is  published  during  the  college  year  in  nine 
monthly  issues.  The  subscription  price  is  ONE  DOLLAR  per  year,  single  copies  FIFTEEN 
CENTS.  All  subscriptions  are  credited,  October-June,  unless  otherwise  ordered. 

A 11^  remittances  and  communications  should  be  addressed  to  J.  C.  McLennan, 
Ph.D.,  Secretary-Treasurer  of  the  University  of  Toronto  Alumni  Association,  Dean's 
Hou<e,  University  of  Toronto. 

GASTON"  PARIS.    . 
I. 

LIFE  AND  WORK. 

BY  J.  SQUAIR,  B.A. 
Professor  of  French,   University  College. 

OX  the  5th  of  March  of  this  year  Gaston  Paris,  the  mosc 
eminent  of  Romance  philologists,  passed  away  suddenly  ut 
Cannes,  whither  he  had  gone  a  few  days  before  in  the  hope  of 
benefiting  his  health.  Gaston  Paris  was  born  in  1839,  and  was 
the  son  of  Paulin  Paris  (1800-1880),  also  a  distinguished  Romance 
scholar.  The  boy's  early  years  were  spent  with  his  family  in  the 
Bibliotheque  Nationale  of  Paris,  where  the  father  had  charge  of 
the  French  manuscripts  of  the  Middle  Ages.  In  such  surround- 
ings the  boy  inevitably  became  acquainted  at  an  early  age  with 


270  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY. 

many  of  the  attractive  things  to  be  found  in  mediaeval  literature. 
The  stories  that  charmed  his  childhood  were  those  of  Roland.,  of 
Beffthe  aux  Grands  Pieds,  and  of  Renard. 

Friederich  Diez  (1794-1876),  the  great  Romance  philologist  of 
Germany,  had  been  appointed  professor  of  the  Romance  lan- 
guages at  the  University  of  Bonn  in  1830,  and  had  attracted  at- 
tention by  his  lectures  and  writings,  particularly  by  a  grammar 
and  a  dictionary  of  the  Romance  languages,  the  former  published 
in  1836-1838  and  the  latter  in  1853.  Paulin  Paris  himself  had 
been  appointed  professor  of  mediaeval  literature  at  the  College 
de  France  in  1853,  and  he  was  desirous  that  his  son,  who  showed 
marked  aptness  for  philological  study,  should,  have  the  advantage 
of  the  instruction  and  example  of  Diez  and  other  eminent  German 
professors.  The  son  was  accordingly  sent  about  1858  to  Germany, 
where  he  spent  a  couple  of  years  in  Bonn  and  Gottingen.  His 
residence  in  these  universities  made  a  deep  impression  on  him. 
His  natural  qualities  of  industry,  fairmindedness  and  devotion  to 
truth  were  much  fortified  by  his  contact  with  the  scholars  of 
Germany. 

After  returning  to  France  he  entered  the  ficole  des  Chartes  and 
continued  his  studies  under  Jules  Quicherat.  Here  he  became 
the  centre  of  a  group  of  young  scholars  amongst  whom  was  Paul 
Meyer,  who  remained  his  life-long  friend  and  collaborator.  At 
the  close  of  his  studies  in  the  Ecole  des  Chartes  he  obtained  the 
diploma  of  archiviste-paleographe,  and  in  1862  published  the  thesis 
on  which  the  diploma  had  been  awarded:  "Le  role  de  1' accent 
latin  dans  la  langue  franchise."  It  was  a  very  important  contri- 
bution to  scientific  philology.  The  part  played  by  the  Latin 
accent  in  determining  the  form  of  Romance  words  had  already 
been  recognized  by  such  scholars  as  Diez  and  Littre,  but  Gaston 
Paris  made  so  thorough  an  investigation  of  the  subject  as  to  put 
the  doctrine  on  an  indisputable  basis  for  all  time  to  come.  In 
1865  he  was  received  docteur-es-lettres,  his  Latin  thesis  for  the 
degree  being  "De  Pseudo-Turpino,"  and  his  French  thesis  his 
famous  "Histoire  poetique  de  Charlemagne."  In  this  masterly 
work  he  made  a  study  of  that  mass  of  mediaeval  poetry  which 
gathered  about  the  name  of  Charlemagne  and  laid  the  foundations 
of  the  great  superstructure  of  learning  reared  subsequently  by 
himself  and  other  distinguished  helpers.  In  1866  he  became  assist- 
ant to  his  father  in  the  College  de  France  and  about  the  same  time 
he  entered  the  newly  organized  institution  of  L'ficole  des  Hautes 
Etudes  as  professor  of  French  philology.  In  1872  he  succeeded 
his  father  as  professor  in  the  College  de  France.  In  1875  he  was 


GASTON  PARIS.  271 

made  Chevalier  de  la  Legion  d'Honneur.  In  1876  he  was  elected 
to  the  Academic  des  Inscriptions  et  Belles-Lettres.  In  1886  he 
was  appointed  president  of  the  section  of  the  historical  and  philo- 
logical sciences  in  the  ficole  des  Hautes  Etudes,  and  in  the  same 
year  he  was- made  Officier  de  la  Legion  d'  Honneur.  In  1895  he 
became  the  head  (administrateur)  of  the  College  de  France  and 
in  the  following  year  he  was  elected  to  the  Academic  Frangaise, 
and  took  his  seat  as  successor  to  Pasteur. 

So,  a  goodly  share  of  the  honours  of  this  world  fell  to  him, 
although  outside  the  ranks  of  scholars  he  was  not  widely  known. 
The  classes  attending  his  lectures  were  usually  not  large.  But 
there  were  in  them  serious-minded  students  from  all  parts  of  the 
wrorld,  from  the  Teutonic  and  Slavonic  countries  of  Europe  as  well 
as  from  the  Latin  countries,  from  the  United  States  and  occa- 
sionally from  Canada.  This  year  two  of  our  best  graduates  in 
Modern  Languages,  Mr.  "W.  A.  R.  Kerr,  '99,  and  Mr.  M.  A. 
Buchanan,  '01,  were  members  of  his  classes. 

Although  somewhat  dry,  he  was  an  impressive  and  inspiring 
lecturer.  He  made  no  effort  to  be  eloquent,  or  witty,  he  was 
simply  a  seeker  for  truth,  expounding  truth.  Earnest,  open- 
minded,  straightforward,  he  had  the  reward  of  those  who  aim  with 
singleness  of  purpose.  He  left  upon  his  students  the  impress  of 
•deep  seriousness  and  a  love  of  truth.  The  influence  he  exercised 
upon  scholarship  through  his  lectures  was  very  great.  M.  Ferdi- 
nand Brunetiere  said  at  his  funeral  that  wherever  you  find  a  chair 
of  Romance  philology  there  you  find  a  student  or  the  student  of  a 
student  of  Gaston  Paris,  and  the  statement  was  not  very  wide  of 
the  truth. 

But  the  influence  he  exercised  through  his  writings  was  very 
much  greater.  The  number  of  books  and  articles  written  by  him 
it  estimated  at  fifteen  hundred.  Some  of  these,  like  "  L'  Histoire 
poetique  de  Charlemagne  "  and  "  La  vie  de  Saint  Alexis,"  are 
large  works,  but  many  are  articles  in  journals  like  Romania  and 
the  Journal  des  Savants.  The  subject  matter  of  the  large  ma- 
jority of  these  works  is  the  language  and  literature  of  mediaeval 
France.  Sometimes  the  work  is  the  editing  of  a  book  like  the 
colossal  Passion  Play  of  Greban,  sometimes  it  is  the  disentangling 
of  the  complicated  skeins  of  a  mediaeval  epos  like  the  story  of  the 
Holy  Grail,  sometimes  it  is  the  pursuit  of  a  fugitive  vocable 
through  many  metamorphoses  from  the  days  of  Caesar  to  the 
present,  sometimes  it  is  a  generalization  of  phonetic  principles 
based  on  the  vast,  phenomena  of  dialectal  variety.  In  all  this  he 


272  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

was  keen  of  eye  and  sure  of  foot.  He  had  no  vagaries.  He  fol- 
lowed no  will  o'  the  wisp.  His  was  a  truly  scientific  mind  fortified 
by  careful  study  and  vast  stores  of  knowledge  and  always  open 
to  receive  new  light  no  matter  whence  it  might  come.  His  own 
quarterly  periodical  Romania  received  a  large  number  of  his- 
articles.  But  the  Journal  des  Savants,  the  oldest  of  the  learned 
journals  of  Europe,  owed  much  to  his  pen.  And  in  the  last  decade 
of  his  life  the  Revue  de  Paris  published  an  interesting  series  of 
articles  by  him  of  a  more  popular  character.  Some  ot  these  are 
very  charming.  They  are  of  two  classes,  those  which  treat  of  his 
favourite  mediaeval  topics  and  those  which  discuss  eminent  con- 
temporary characters.  Of  the  first  class  we  have  in  the  number 
of  April  15th,  1894,  "Tristan  et  Iseut,"  where  he  discusses  in 
his  masterly  way  the  origin  of  that  wonderful  cycle  of  legends 
which,  from  the  days  of  Chretien  de  Troies  to  those  of  Tennyson, 
has  afforded  material  to  the  poets  of  Europe.  In  this  article  he 
gives  evidence  not  only  of  vast  learning  and  generous  openminded- 
ness,  but  also  of  rare  penetration,  particularly  in  his  discussion  of 
the  reasons  for  the  employment  of  illicit  love  for  literary  effect. 
"We  have  in  the  number  of  December  15th,  1897,  an  article  en- 
titled "  Le  Paradis  de  la  Heine  Sybille  "  on  a  work  of  Antoine  de 
la  Sale  of  the  15th  century,  in  connection  with  which  he  visited 
Spoleto  in  order  to  see  the  grotto  in  the  Apennines  in  which  the 
sybil  was  supposed  to  live.  We  have  in  the  number  of  November 
15th,  1898,  an  article  on  the  horrible  story  of  "  Les  Sept  Infants 
de  Lara,"  which  has  played  such  a  role  in  the  Romantic  literature 
of  France  as  well  as  in  the  literature  of  Spain.  In  these  two 
articles  he  exhibited  the  great  skill  in  disentangling  the  twisted 
strands  of  legend  and  history  which  so  characterized  him.  Also- 
in  the  number  of  September  15th,  1901,  we  have  an  article  on 
"  Roncevaux,"  the  scene  of  the  famous  battle  between  Roland  and 
the  Saracens  which  forms  the  subject  of  the  "  Chanson  de  Roland/7 
As  in  the  case  of  "  La  Reine  Sybille,"  the  writer  had  visited 
''  Roncevaux  "  in  the  Pyrenees  for  the  purpose  of  seeing  with  his 
own  eyes  that  famous  spot  where  the  rear  guard  of  Charlemagne 
under  Roland  had  been  attacked  by  the  enemy  so  many  centuries 
before.  In  these  pilgrimages  he  showed  himself  the  true  scholar 
of  modern  times  who  calls  to  his  aid  all  helps  in  the  elucidation  of 
difficult  problems.  In  the  second  class  of  articles  in  the  Revue  de 
Paris,  we  see  more  clearly  another  side  of  Gaston  Paris,  viz.,  his 
sympathy  with  men  and  questions  of  our  own  time.  In  the  num- 
bers of  October  1st  and  November  1st,  1894,  we  have  articles  on 
Frederic  Mistral,  the  famous  contemporary  Provencal  poet  and 


GASTON   PARIS.  273- 

lexicographer,  whom  he  visited  in  his  own  village  of  Maillane. 
On  December  1st  we  have  an  article  on  James  Darmesteter,  the 
distinguished  Orientalist,  who  had  just  died.  Two  articles  on 
Sully  Prudhomnie,  his  schoolmate  and  life-long  friend,  one  on 
October  loth,  1895,  an,d  the  other  on  January  1st,  1896,  complete 
the  list  of  this  second  class.  The  serious,  pathetic,  highly-polished 
poetry  of  Sully  Prudhomnie  is  peculiarly  attractive,  and  G-aston 
Paris  shows  his  power  to  appreciate  and  analyze  it.  He  is  quite 
as  much  at  home  in  modern  criticism  as  in  mediaeval. 

In  an  article  on  Gaston  Paris  in  the  Revue  de  Paris,  his  old 
friend,  the  eminent  classical  scholar  Michel  Breal,  calls  attention 
to  his  great  success  as  a  founder,  and  no  article  on  him  would  be 
complete  without  a  mention  of  this  matter.  First,  without  dis- 
paraging the  labours  of  many  other  eminent  scholars,  French, 
German  or  Italian,  it  would  not  be  too  much  to  say  that  he  founded 
modern  Romance  philology.  In  his  hands  it  became  in  certain 
features  an  exact  science.  One  of  the  important  aids  which  he 
used  was  the  Ecole  des  Hautes  Etudes,  which  he  did  not  exactly 
found,  but  to  which  he  gave,  more  than  any  other,  its  severely 
scientific  complexion.  Then,  he  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
Societe  des  Anciens  Textes  Frangais  in  1875,  whose  seventy-odd 
volumes  stand  as  a  noble  monument  to  his  memory.  He  helped 
rlso  to  fcfund  certain  periodicals  such  as  La  Revue  Critique  and 
La  Revue  Historique,  but  chiefly,  along  with  Paul  Meyer,  he  was 
in  1872  the  founder  of  Romania,  the  greatest  of  the  journals  on 
Romance  philology.  Thirty-one  solid  volumes  of  sound  learning 
attest  the  diligence  of  these  two  courageous  workers.  The  last 
number  of  Romania,  that  of  January,  1903,  has  just  arrived  at 
the  University  library.  In  it  are  several  articles  signed  with  the 
familiar  G.  P.,  and  the  announcement  is  made  that  these  articles 
from  Gaston  Paris  are  to  appear  shortly:  "]STotes  sur  la  Vie  de  saint 
Alexis,"  "  Etude  sur  Roncevaux  et  la  Chanson  de  Roland,"  "  Les 
Chansons  du  Chevalier  au  Cygne  et  des  Enfances  Godef roi,"  "  La 
Destinee  du  c  latin  en  Francais."  How  he  loved  these  subjects  I 
For  forty  years  he  had  been  investigating  them  and  always  finding 
out  something  new! 

The  life  of  Gaston  Paris  affords  a  rare  example  of  devotion  to 
scholarship.  His  life  was  spent  in  investigating  the  language  and 
literature  of  mediaeval  France.  It  was  a  field  that  had  lain  long- 
under  the  ban  of  contempt.  For  long  it  had  been  misunderstood 
and  despised,  but  he  made  it  his  life  business  to  teach  Frenchmen, 
all  tin-willing  as  they  were  to  learn,  what  this  great  body  of  litera- 
ture really  meant.  Other  fields  of  study  might  be  more  attrac- 


274  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

tire  to  the  majority,  might  present  greater  opportunities  to  the 
investigator  for  personal  distinction.  It  mattered  not  to  Gaston 
Paris.  He  had  chosen  mediaeval  literature  as  his  field  and  he 
would  labour  in  it  at  the  cost  of  leisure,  of  personal  aggrandize- 
ment, even  of  life  itself.  For  no  doubt  he  laid  down  his  life  for 
the  love  of  it.  He  had  a  constitution  which  might  have  carried 
him  to  fourscore  years,  as  was  the  case  with  his  father,  if  he  had 
not  made  such  enormous  demands  upon  it.  But  he  had  some 
reward.  He  had  the  esteem  of  his  pupils  and  of  those  in  all  parts 
of  the  world,  who  worked  in  the  same  department  as  himself.  He 
had  also  the  satisfaction  of  seeing  a  great  change  come  over  the 
world  in  its  attitude  to  mediaeval  things.  More  and  more  have 
serious  men  come  to  see  that  to  understand  aright  modern  times 
it  is  necessary  to  understand  mediaeval  times.  The  institutions, 
secular  and  sacred,  of  to-day  have  their  roots  in  the  soil  of  the 
middle  ages.  Few  have  contributed  more  to  a  proper  knowledge 
of  that  soil  than  Gaston  Paris. 

His  life  affords  also  a  rare  example  of  fidelity  to  truth.  Ho 
had  a  keen  appreciation  of  many  things.  He  was  a  patriot,  a  good 
Catholic,  and  had  a  keen  artistic  taste,  but  he  was  above  all  a 
lover  of  truth.  Her  interests  were  paramount.  No  other  con- 
siderations, patriotic,  religious,  or  artistic,  were  allowed  to  put 
him  into  antagonism  with  truth.  A  noble  passage  spoken  on  the 
8th  of  December,  1870,  in  his  opening  lecture  that  year  in  the 
College  de  France  at  a  moment  when  the  city  of  Paris  was  sur- 
rounded by  the  German  armies  will  illustrate  well  his  attitude  and 
form  a  fitting  close  to  this  article: 

"  Je  professe  absoluinent  et  sans  reserve  cette  doctrine,  que  la 
science  n'a  d'autre  objet  que  la  verite,  et  la  verite  pour  elle-meme, 
sans  aucun  souci  des  consequences  bonnes  ou  mauvaises,  regret- 
tables  ou  heureuses,  que  cette  verite  pourrait  avoir  dans  la  pratique. 
Celui  qui,  par  un  motif  patriotique,  religieux  et  meme  moral,  se 
permet  dans  les  faits  qu'il  etudie,  dans  les  conclusions  qu'il  tire, 
la  plus  petite  dissimulation,  1'alteration  la  plus  legere,  n'est  pas 
digne  d' avoir  sa  place  dans  le  grand  laboratoire  ou  la  probite  est  un 
titre  d'admission  plus  indispensable  que  1'habilete." 


GASTON  PARIS.  275 

II. 

PERSONAL  RECOLLECTIONS. 
BY  J.  HOME  CAMERON,  M.A. 
Lecturer  in  French,  University  College. 

students  of  the  literature  of  mediaeval  France  and  the 
philology  of  the  Romance  languages,  the  death  of  Gaston 
Paris  has  more  significance  than  that  of  any  of  their  masters  since 
the  passing  away  in  1876  of  Friedrich  Diez,  the  founder  of 
Romance  philology.  Both  by  his  training  and  by  his  extraordinary 
mental  endowments,  Gaston  Paris  has  been  the  only  man  who 
could  be  said  to  be  an  adequate  successor  to  his  great  master  Diez. 

The  other  Romance  scholars — romanistes  they  are  generally 
called  now — who  were  at  work  when  I  first  entered  the  lecture- 
rooms  of  the  Sorbonne,  the  College  de  France  and  the  Ecole  des 
Chartes,  were  men  of  great  distinction,  as  the  names  of  Arsene 
Darmesteter  (the  elder  brother  of  the  more  famous  James),  Leon 
Gautier  and  Paul  Meyer  are  sufficient  to  show.  But  Gaston  Paris 
surpassed  all,  not  only  in  mental  calibre  but  in  breadth  of  intel- 
lectual interest  and  in  the  art  of  literary  expression.  Indeed,  he 
was  one  of  those  rare  men  who  are  fitted  to  excel  equally  in  widely 
varied  pursuits.  Had  he  not  chosen  to  devote  most  of  his  time  to 
philological  research,  to  the  editing  of  old  manuscripts  and  the 
elucidation  of  obscurities  in  literary  history,  he  might  have  become 
famous  to  the  world  at  large  as  a  scrupulously  impartial  and 
charming  historian,  or  a  literary  critic  of  great  delicacy  and  of 
profound  and  broad  scholarship.  It  would  perhaps  be  more 
correct  to  say  that  he  really  was  all  these  at  once. 

In  appearance,  he  was  quite  above  the  ordinary  size,  with  a 
large,  handsome  head,  in  which  glowed  very  dark  eyes,  penetrat- 
ing in  their  intensity.  His  erect  bearing  was  full  of  dignity  and 
repose,  and  his  gestures  were  so  few  that  to  some  superficial  persons 
he  scarcely  seemed  to  be  a  Frenchman.  His  voice  was  strong  and 
rich,  and  carried  an  impression  of  seriousness  and  candour  which 
was  in  remarkable  harmony  with  his  whole  presence. 

Towards  strangers  his  manner  was  somewhat  cold,  but  he  was 
full  of  kindness  and  sympathy  for  those  whom  he  admitted  to 
intimacy,  and  it  came  as  a  surprise  to  any  one  who  had  known  him 
only  from  the  outside,  to  find  how  warmly  he  could  express  his 
admiration  for  what  was  beautiful  and  noble,  and  how  graceful 
and  full  of  feeling  was  the  language  in  which  he  spoke.  This  side 
of  his  nature  the  hearers  of  his  ordinarv  lectures  could  scarcelv 


276          UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY. 

conceive.  If  in  his  lecture-rooni  he  was  without  the  incisive 
urgence  and  the  severity  of  Paul  Meyer,  he  lacked  also  the  genial 
humour — might  one  say  the  joviality? — of  Leon  Gautier.  But 
his  subject  did  not  often  lend  itself  to  pleasantry,  and  he  had  too 
much  respect  for  his  audience,  his  theme  and  himself  to  sacrifice 
one  jot  of  truth,  as  it  is  so  easy  to  do,  for  the  sake  of  provoking  a 
smile.  In  this  he  was  very  unlike  his  close  friend  Ernest  Renan, 
who  lectured  in  the  same  room  at  other  hours,  and  who  was  ap- 
parently unable  to  refrain  from  slipping  a  sly  allusion  to  some 
actualite  into  the  exposition  of  an  Oriental  text  or  the  history  of 
the  chosen  people. 

It  would  be  an  exaggeration  to  say  that  even  the  most  popular 
lectures  of  M.  Paris  in  the  College  de  France  were  eagerly  sought 
after.  To  hear  Renan  one  had  to  secure  a  seat  half  an  hour  in 
advance,  while  Gaston  Paris  often  addressed  an  audience  which 
was  far  from  filling  the  room. 

If  Paris  with  mediaeval  French  literature  was  not  too  popular 
in  the  large  room,  with  French  philology  he  was  still  less  so  in  the 
small  one,  where  we  sat  about  a  long  table,  some  score  in  number, 
with  the  professor  at  the  upper  end. 

For  several  semesters  he  lectured  on  the  phonology  of  the  "  Vie 
de  saint  Alexis,"  taking  one  letter  of  the  alphabet  at  a  time  and 
discussing  its  value  throughout  the  text  in  a  most  thorough  and 
attractive  fashion,  with  an  excursus  now  and  then  into  wider  fields. 
Those  sitting  at  the  table  took  notes  assiduously.  They  were 
indeed  a  cosmopolitan  company,  sometimes  as  many  of  them  for- 
eigners as  Frenchmen,  and  representing  many  if  not  all  of  the  na- 
tionalities of  Europe.  Along  the  wall  on  one  side,  behind  our  chairs, 
there  sat  another  long  row  of  auditors,  the  floating  population  who 
came  and  went,  and  usually  took  no  notes.  Among  them  would 
appear  from  time  to  time  some  distinguished  visitor — perhaps  a 
German  professor,  a  celebrated  critic,  or  a  Russian  nobleman.  For 
nearly  a  whole  semester  I  saw  among  these  transient  auditeurs 
benevoles  an  old  woman  of  very  humble  appearance,  who  took  notes 
on  scraps  of  wrapping-paper,  and  seemed  to  follow  the  long  de- 
velopments with  interest.  Thanks  to  the  liberality  of  the  French 
nation  and  the  admirable  provision  made  for  the  highest  instruc- 
tion, such  sights  as  this  are  not  rare ;  and  the  College  de  France  is 
one  of  the  great  schools  to  which  admission  is  quite  free. 

It  was  in  the  ficole  des  Hautes  Etudes  that  M.  Paris  did  his  most 
advanced  work  with  his  select  pupils.  Here  they  enjoyed  the  rare 
privilege  of  the  informal  intimacy  and  the  personal  interest  which 
was  so  freely  bestowed  upon  those  whose  work  had  proved  them 


G ASTON  PARIS.  277 

worthy  of  admission  to  this  select  company;  and  it  was  here,  in 
their  labour  of  original  research,  that  the  affection  between  master 
and  pupils  generally  grew  up. 

It  is  the  men  who  have  passed  through  this  school  who  most 
deeply  lament  the  loss  of  this  great  scholar  who  was  at  the  same 
time  so  perfect  a  type  of  gentleman.  His  courtesy  was  unfailing, 
his  attitude  towards  others  never  showed  a  trace  of  rivalry,  and 
these  qualities,  with  his  beautiful  devotion  to  truth,  made  him  the 
fairest  of  critics  and  the  safest  of  guides.  He  among  his  old  pupils 
who  writes  these  fragmentary  appreciations  of  Gaston  Paris  does 
so  because  to  him  his  master  was  not  merely  a  great  savant,  but, 
among  all  the  men  he  has  known,  one  of  the  greatest  and  noblest. 


THE  CHANCELLOR'S  ADDRESS.* 

J/Y.  Chairman,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen: 

I  FEEL  it  a  great  privilege  to  be  here  to-night  upon  the  first 
occasion  that  I  have  had  the  honour  of  meeting  the  parent 
Alumni  Association,  although  it  has  been  my  pleasure  to  have 
visited  the  branch  associations  in  various  sections  of  the  Province 
upon  interesting  occasions. 

I  intend,  with  your  kind  permission,  to  avail  myself  of  the 
opportunity  of  being  here  to  address  the  members  of  the  Alumni 
Association,  and  through  this  meeting,  as  far  as  I  can,  the  public  of 
this  country,  upon  the  University  question  and  the  position  of  the 
University  of  Toronto. 

I  hope  that  whoever  has  the  honour  of  being  the  Chancellor 
of  the  University  next  year,  or  at  all  events  in  the  year  after,  may 
have  the  opportunity,  as  I  do  not  doubt  he  will,  of  addressing  the 
gi  aduates  of  the  University,  and  the  undergraduates  as  well,  in  a 
Convocation  Hall  provided  through  the  efforts  of  the  Alumni 
Association. 

I  intend  to  speak  plainly  to-night  upon  University  questions, 
according  to  my  lights.  I  hope  that  I  shall  give  offence  to  no  one; 
tli  at  I  shall  not  be  accused,  or  be  open  fairly  to  be  accused,  of 
criticizing  unjustly  anybody;  that  I  shall  not  lay  myself  open  to 
the  charge  of  speaking  unfairly  or  uncharitably  of  a  sister  institu- 
tion. I  deem  it  my  duty,  however,  having  an  important  trust 
reposed  in  me,  which  has  been  confided  to  me  by  the  graduates 

*An  address  delivered  before  the  Alumni  Association  of  the  University  of 
Toronto,  by  the  Honourable  the  Chancellor  of  the  University,  Sir  William  R. 
Meredith,  at  the  Annual  Meeting  held  in  the  Chemical  Building,  Toronto,  June 
llth,  1903. 


278  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY. 

of  the  University  of  Toronto  in  electing  me  to  the  position  of 
Chancellor  of  the  University,  to  put  before  you  and  the  public 
my  views  of  the  University  situation. 

In  a  country  such  as  this,  as  democratic  a  country  as  exists  under 
the  sun,  where  we  have  a  system  of  compulsory  education,  pro- 
vided by  the  state,  reaching  from  the  elementary  school  to  the 
University,  it  is  of  the  utmost  importance  that  a  Province  such 
as  Ontario,  in  the  van  in  intelligence  and  in  the  strength  of  her 
people,  should  have  a  University  worthy  of  it  and  of  them. 

I  know  of  no  higher  or  more  sacred  trust  that  the  people  of 
Ontario  have  confided  to  their  legislators  and  their  government 
than  the  management  of  the  Provincial  University.  I  know  of  no 
department  of  government  which  so  nearly  touches  and  so  widely 
affects  not  only  the  present  but  the  future  of  this  great  Province. 
It  is  at  once  (if  I  may 'use  the  paradox)  the  cope  stone  and  the 
foundation  stone  of  the  educational  system  of  the  Province.  It 
is  the  means  by  which  we  train  our  teachers  who  instruct  the 
young,  by  which  we  impart  a  liberal  education,  almost  free,  to  the 
sons  and  daughters  of  all  who  choose  to  avail  themselves  of  it,  even 
the  poorest  in  the  land.  It  is  the  means  by  which  the  advance  of 
science  in  promoted,  and  by  which,  if  it  does  its  duty  in  the  pro- 
secution of  research,  this  Province  of  Ontario  can  add  its  quota 
to  the  efforts  that  are  being  made  throughout  the  world  in  the 
development  of  science,  and  in  the  discoveries  that  are  of  advant- 
age to  the  people.  It  is  the  means  by  which  our  children  can  be 
taught  the  laws  of  economics.  It  would  seem,  judging  from  the 
little  care  that  is  given  to  preparing  them  for  the  efficient  dis- 
charge of  their  duties,  that  we  think  our  legislators  are  born  fit  to 
discharge  the  high  and  important  functions  which  rest  upon  them 
in  the  parliaments  and  legislatures  of  the  country.  In  a  Uni- 
versity, such  as  the  University  of  Toronto  is  and  ought  to  be,  the 
laws  and  the  principles  of  legislation  and  government  can  be 
taught,  and  in  that  way  many  mistakes  may  be  avoided. 

There  are,  too,  the  great  social  questions  which  are  pressing 
themselves  upon  the  attention  of  all  civilized  communities,  and  a 
properly  equipped  and  properly  conducted  university  can  do  much 
in  giving  instruction  within  its  walls  upon  questions  such  as  these. 

Having  regard  to  these — some  only  of  the  functions  of  the  Uni- 
versity— I  think  I  have  rightly  said  that  it  is,  if  not  the  greatest, 
one  of  the  greatest  trusts  which  the  people  of  the  Province  of 
Ontario  have  confided  to  their  legislature  and  government. 

Now,  sir,  has  the  University  of  Toronto  done  its  duty  in  the 
past?  I  venture  to  say,  comparing  its  record  with  the  record  of 
other  universities,  and  taking  into  consideration  the  means  which 
it  has  had  available  for  the  purpose  of  carrying  on  its  operations, 


THE  CHANCELLOR'S  ADDRESS.  279 

it  has  done  extremely  well.  With  a  revenue  now,  leaving  out  the 
School  of  Practical  Science,  under  $160,000  a  year,  it  is  doing  the 
work,  perhaps  not  to  the  same  extent,  but  doing  similar  work  to 
that  which  is  being  done  in  Michigan,  where  the  people  expend  no 
less  than  $576,650;  in  the  State  of  Wisconsin,  where  $539,656" 
are  spent;  and  in  California,  where  they  spend  $472,304;  and,  as 
you  will  observe,  the  revenue  of  our  University  amounts  to  but  a 
little  more  than  one-third  of  the  lowest  sum  that  is  expended  in 
the  universities  of  these  States. 

I  do  not  think  that  even  the  graduates  of  the  University  under- 
stand the  work  that  is  being  done  and  the  number  who  receive 
instruction  in  the  University  and  its  federated  colleges. 

I  have  obtained,  through  the  kindness  of  Professor  McLennan, 
who  is  not  only  useful  in  the  ordinary  work  of  the  Alumni  Associa- 
tion, but  is  always  ready  to  give  assistance  in  any  matter  affecting 
even  remotely  University  interests,  these  figures:  In  the  Uni- 
versity of  Toronto,  there  are  nine  gentlemen  taking  post-graduate 
work;  of  undergraduates,  in  University  College,  there  are  618; 
in  Victoria  University,  256;  in  the  Faculty  of  Medicine,  494;  in 
Applied  Science  and  Engineering,  348,  making  a  total  of  1,725 
'receiving  instruction  within  the  walls  of  the  University  and  the 
federated  colleges. 

I  do  not  think  complaint  can  be  made  of  the  work  that  is  being 
done,  judged  by  the  men  that  are  being  turned  out.  The  positions 
of  distinction  which  have  been  taken  by  the  graduates  of  the  Uni- 
versity speak  loudly  of  the  excellent  work  that  is  being  done. 

During  the  past  year  some  progress  has  been  made  in -various- 
directions.  The  University  has  established  a  department  of  Music. 
The  beginnings  are  small,  but  it  is  believed  and  hoped  that  it  will 
be  a  distinct  addition  to  the  work  of  the  University.  There  has 
also  been  established  a  department  of  Domestic  Science,  also  in  its 
beginnings,  in  which  great  interest  is  being  taken  by  members 
of  the  Senate,  and  which  promises  much  useful  work. 

Within  the  past  year,  owing  to  the  exertions  of  the  Medical 
Faculty,  there  has  been  built  and  equipped  a  Medical  School 
which  is  second  to  none  upon  the  continent  of  America.  And  let 
me  say,  in  passing,  that  to  the  members  of  the  medical  profession 
the  community  at  large  as  well  as  the  University  owe  a  deep  debt 
of  gratitude.  They  have  put  their  shoulders  to  the  wheel  in  con- 
nection with  that  School  of  Medicine,  they  have  made  large"  per- 
sonal sacrifices,  and  they  have  now  a  magnificent  school,  entirely 
up  to  date,  equipped  in  the  very  best  manner,  and  with  an  attend- 
ance, as  I  have  already  said,  of  494  during  the  present  year. 

Xow,  having  said  so  much  as  to  what  is  being  done  by  the  LTni- 
versity,  let  me  advert  for  a  moment  or  two  to  the  needs  of  the- 


280  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY. 

University,  because  there  are  certain  urgent  needs,  and  the  Uni- 
versity requires  the  effective  aid  of  its  graduates  and  of  the  Alurnni 
Associations,  to  press  them  upon  the  attention  of  the  people,  the 
members  of  the  legislature  and  the  government. 

It  has  long  been  recognized  that  a  department  of  Forestry  is 
something  that  a  Province  situated  as  is  the  Province  of  Ontario, 
should  possess.  Steps  have  been  taken  by  the  authorities  of  the 
University  to  establish  such  a  department,  and  I  hope  that  in  a 
short  time  we  shall  have,  at  all  events,  a  beginning  in  that  branch 
of  instruction,  so  important  to  the  great  agricultural  interests  of 
the  country.  There  has  been  delay — I  do  not  know  the  reason 
for  it, — whether  it  is  that  the  initial  expenditure  is  thought  to  be 
too  large,  by  those  who  have  to  provide  for  the  payment  of 
it;,  or  whether  it  is  the  claim  of  another  institution  to  a 
prior  right  to  have  the  department  established  in  connection  with 
it;  but  at  all  events  there  has  been  delay,  and  the  statute  which 
was  passed  establishing  the  department  has  not  yet  received  the 
sanction  of  the  Lieutenant-Governor  in  Council,  which  is  neces- 
sary in  order  to  its  becoming  effective. 

I  sincerely  trust  that  whatever  the  obstacles  are,  they  will  be 
speedily  removed,  because  it  is  of  the  utmost  importance  that  this 
department  should  be  put  under  way  at  once,  so  that,  at  all  events, 
a  beginning  can  be  made. 

There  can  be  no  question,  it  seems  to  me,  that  the  claims  of  the 
Provincial  University,  with  its  allied  Colleges,  the  School  of  Agri- 
culture at  Guelph,  and  other  allied  institutions,  must  be  recog- 
nized in  preference  to  those  of  Queen's  University,  which  is  not  a 
State  institution,  and  has,  indeed,  in  my  humble  judgment,  no 
claims  whatever  to  the  establishment,  as  a  Provincial  institution, 
of  a  School  of  Forestry  in  connection  with  it. 

"We  need,  too,  equipment  and  new  quarters  for  the  department 
of  Physics.  This  necessary  expenditure  it  is  impossible  to  make 
out  of  the  comparatively  small  endowment  which  the  University 
possesses;  and  while  it  may  not  be  as  immediate  and  pressing  a 
need  as  some  others,  it  is  one  that  must  be  faced  in  the  near  future. 
~\Ve  have  nothing  in  the  shape  of  proper  appliances  for  instruc- 
tion in  Botany,  no  conservatory,  no  botanical  gardens.  The  de- 
partment is  handicapped,  and  something  must  be  done  in  this 
direction.  I  hope  that  by  some  means  the  people  of  Toronto  may 
be  induced  to  join  with  the  University  in  making  the  beginning 
of  a  botanical  garden.  It  would  be  a  great  thing  for  the  city  to 
have  such  a  garden  here,  and  by  the  cooperation  of  the  city  and 
the  University  the  needs  of  the  University  and  the  advantage  of 
the  citizens  could  be  served  at  the  same  time.  There  was  some 
•discussion  in  the  Legislative  Assembly,  the  other  day,  with  regard 


THE  CHANCELLOR'S  ADDRESS.  281 

to  the  claim  which  the  University  has  upon  the  proceeds  of  cer- 
tain land  in  Ashbridge's  Bay,  which  the  city  has  the  right  to 
dispose  of,  subject  to  the  claims  of  the  University;  and  perhaps 
some  arrangement  can  be  made  by  which  a  surrender  of  these 
claims  may  be  effected  in  consideration  of  the  establishment  of  a 
botanical  garden  on  the  lines  I  have  suggested. 

All  the  departments  are  badly  equipped  with  apparatus,  if  I 
omit  the  Medical  Department,  which  is  admirably  supplied  with 
everything  that  it  requires  in  that  respect.  Xow,  that  is  a  thing 
that  must  be  attended  to.  It  :s  unfair  and  unjust  to  expect  that 
professors  shall  give  proper  instruction  if  apparatus  is  not  supplied, 
and  it  must  be  supplied  at  the  expense  of  the  Province,  because 
the  endowment  is  wholly  insufficient  to  meet  such  expenditure. 

A  Residence  is  needed.  That  is  a  very  large  question.  A 
"W omen's  Residence  is  needed,  and  that,  I  venture  to  assert — and 
most  gentlemen  who  are  on  the  platform  will  agree  with  me — 
is  the  first  necessity,  before  a  Men's  Residence.  It  is  most  im- 
portant that  there  should  be  a  Residence  for  young  women  who 
are  coming  here  in  large  numbers  to  attend  the  Provincial  Uni- 
versity. A  committee  has  been  formed  and  has  under  considera- 
tion the  question  of  the  men's  Residence,  and — I  do  not  know 
whether  I  am  too  sanguine  in  saying  so — there  are  hopes,  at  all 
events,  that  public  spirited  men  will  join  in  raising  a  sufficient 
sum  to  establish  a  respectable  Residence  in  connection  with  the 
University  in  the  near  future.  It  is,  as  I  say,  a  large  question. 
1  fear  there  is  no  hope  of  the  Province  coming  to  the  assistance 
of  the  University  with  regard  to  it,  but  there  ought  to  be,  among 
the  monied  men  of  the  country,  sufficient  interest  in  the  Uni- 
versity to  lead  them  to  subscribe  a  sum  sufficient,  at  all  events,  to 
make  a  respectable  beginning. 

I  shall  only  say  a  passing  word  upon  the  subject  of  the  promo- 
tion of  research  in  the  University.  I  prefer  to  refer  you  to  the 
tible  article  by  the  President  of  the  University  contained  in  the 
"  Monthly "  of  last  June,  in  which  he  has  pointed  out  what 
'"  research  "  means  in  the  sense  in  which  I  am  using  it,  and  the 
need  of  it  in  connection  with  a  University  such  as  the  University 
of  Toronto  is  and  ought  to  be. 

These  are  some  of  the  needs  of  the  University,  and  we  must 
educate — if  education  is  necessary — the  people,  the  legislators 
and  the  government  to  the  imperative  necessity  of  meeting  these 
reasonable  demands  of  the  University. 

I  have  had  the  honour  to  be  ex  officio  a  member  of  the  Board  of 

Trustees  ever  since  I  have  been  Chancellor  of  the  University,  and 

I  can  say  without  hesitation  that  there  is  not  a  more  careful  body 

in  the  expenditure  of  the  money  that  is  entrusted  to  it  to  be  found 

2 


282  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

anywhere.  Not  a  dollar  is  wasted,  and  not  a  dollar  is  expended 
unless  absolute  need  is  shewn  for  the  spending  of  it.  (Hear,  hear, 
and  applause.) 

There  has  been  a  good  deal  of  discussion  in  recent  years  with 
regard  to  University  matters,  particularly  in  connection  with 
Queen's  University  at  Kingston.  I  have  nothing  but  the  most 
friendly  feelings  towards  Queen's  University.  I  desire  to  see  it 
prosper,  and  in  anything  that  I  say  I  am  actuated,  I  hope  and 
believe,  only  by  a  sincere  desire  that  that  which  is  right  and  in 
the  interests  of  the  country  may  be  adopted  as  the  policy  of  this 
Province.  I  am  glad  to  know  that  we  have  had  the  declaration 
from  the  Prime  Minister,  within  forty-eight  hours,  that  there  is 
to  be  but  one  Provincial  University  (applause),  and  that  the  ques- 
tion of  a  second  University  is  not  to  be  thought  of.  That  policy 
is  eminently  satisfactory,  I  think,  not  only  to  the  graduates  of  the 
University,  but  to  the  people  of  this  Province;  but  I  should  have 
been  better  satisfied  had  it  not  been  accompanied  by  what,  as  it 
seems  to  me,  is  a  plain  departure  from  the  policy  which  is  thus 
publicly  proclaimed. 

Some  years  ago  there  was  established  a  separate  corporation,  but 
practically  an  adjunct  of  Queen's  University,  called  the  School  of 
Mining  and  Agriculture,  and  commencing  with  the  year  1893,  I 
think,  that  institution  was  assisted  from  the  Consolidated  Revenue 
of  the  Province,  $5,000  being  contributed  in  that  year.  There 
is  now  contributed  $23,500  per  annum.  That  was  the  sum  last 
year,  and  it  is  the  sum  this  year;  and  this  is  in  addition  to  the  sum 
of  $22,500  per  annum  for  five  years  that  was  given  for  the  erec- 
tion of  buildings.  I  am  speaking  from  memory,  but  those,  I 
think,  are  the  figures. 

Now,  this  School  of  Mining  has  130  odd  students.  "We  have 
in  Toronto  what  is  best  known  as  the  School  of  Practical  Science, 
— the  Faculty  of  Applied  Science  and  Engineering  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Toronto  it  has  been  for  upwards  of  a  year.  In  that 
institution  there  are  348  students,  including  46  or  47  not  regular 
students,  but  taking  the  full  course.  The  expenditure  on  account 
of  the  School  of  Practical  Science,  as  shown  by  the  Public  Ac- 
counts, is  $37,400,  but  on  the  other  side  of  the  account  there  are 
fees  received  from  the  students  amounting  to  about  $20,000,  the 
whole  contribution  of  the  Province  to  the  School  of  Practical 
Science  being  therefore  $17,400.  So  that  you  have  the  School 
of  Practical  Science,  with  346  students,  receiving  but  $17,400  a 
year,  while  the  School  of  Mining  at  Kingston,  with  130  odd  stu- 
dents, receives  $23,500  a  year!  Now,  apart  from  any  other  ques- 
tion, does  that  not  seem  an  unfair  division,  if  a  division  is  to  tako 
place  ? 


THE  CHANCELLOR'S  ADDRESS.  283 

It  is  said  that  the  School  of  Mining  is  a  necessary  thing  in  that 
part  of  the  Province.  I  do  not  know,  in  these  days  of  rapid  move- 
ment, that  a  distance  165'  miles  from  the  Provincial  institution 
is  such  a  serious  thing  that  anybody  is  going  to  be  prevented  from 
taking  a  course  in  any  of  the  professions,  for  which  men  are  trained 
in  an  institution  of  that  kind,  by  having  to  come  to  Toronto  instead 
of  going  to  Kingston.  I  do  not  knowr  that  the  proximity  of  min- 
eral bearing  rocks  to  Kingston  makes  it  essential  that  a  Mining 
School  should  be  established  there!  I  do  know  that  the  profes- 
sors and  instructors  in  the  School  of  Practical  Science  are  handi- 
capped, they  are  paid  miserable  salaries;  and  if  the  Kingston 
School  is  to  be  treated  with  the  liberality  which  apparently  it  is 
the  policy  of  the  legislature  to  extend  to  it,  surely  it  is  but  fair  that 
those  who  are  engaged  in  the  School  of  Practical  Science  should 
receive  better  recognition  of  the  important  and  useful  services 
which  they  are  performing. 

It  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  good  men  are  hard  to  keep,  and 
you  cannot  keep  them  if  you  continue  to  pay  insufficient  salaries. 
I  know  that  in  the  University  of  Toronto  there  are  gentlemen 
remaining  with  us  who  could  go  elsewhere  on  larger  salaries,  but 
they  prefer  to  stay  because  of  their  love  of  and  pride  in  the  Uni- 
versity. But  that  is  perhaps  a  minor  point.  What  seems  to  me 
to  be  the  vice  of  this  proposition  to  support  the  Mining  School  for 
the  future — if  that  is  the  policy — is  that  it  means  the  duplication 
of  the  Provincial  University  in  its  most  expensive  departments. 

What  was  it  that  brought  about  Federation?  'What  led  to  the 
coming  in  of  Victoria,  and  what  will  lead  to  the  coming  in,  I  hope, 
within  a  short  time,  of  Trinity,  but  the  enormous  expense,  which 
is  necessary  for  the  teaching  of  the  sciences? 

What  is  being  done  is  practically  to  teach  in  two  places  and  at 
the  public  expense,  the  sciences, — the  most  expensive  part  of  the 
work  of  a  University.  I  venture  to  think  that  is  a  great  mistake, 
and  that  it  is  a  departure  from  the  policy  that  there  shall  be  but 
one  Provincial  University. 

What  is  the  meaning  of  inviting  other  universities  to  surrender 
their  degree  conferring  powers  and  to  come  in  and  make  one  great 
Provincial  University,  if  at  the  same  time  aid  is  given  to  a  Uni- 
versity which  will  not  come  in,  by  paying  out  of  the  Provincial 
treasury  for  the  maintenance  of  its  science  departments? 

I  do  not  know  how  far  the  Province  may  be  in  honour  bound 
to  continue  this  grant.  The  expenditures  in  the  Science  depart- 
ment of  the  University  must  go  on  increasing,  because  it  is  upon 
that  side  of  University  teaching  that  the  expense  is  mounting  up 
most  rapidly,  and  if  it  is  maintained  also  by  the  Province  at  the 
Kingston  School,  what  I  fear  is  that,  although  the  people  of  this 


284  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

Province  are  ready  and  willing  to  aid  generously  in  these  depart- 
ments of  University  work,  the  time  will  come  when  they  will  say, 
"  We  cannot  afford  to  keep  on  spending  these  large  sums  of  money 
in  teaching  the  sciences,"  and  that  the  result  will  be  that  the  Uni- 
versity of  Toronto,  which  should  receive  what  money  the  Province 
has  to  expend,  will  be  crippled  in  its  work,  and  unable  to  do  it 
efficiently,  as  it  ought  to  be  done.  I  hope  it  is  not  too  late  yet  to 
reconsider  this  question,  and  to  avoid  the  inconsistency,  if  the 
principle  is  laid  down  that  there  is  to  be  but  one  Provincial  Uni- 
versity, of  having  practically  two. 

I  hope  that  before  another  year  rolls  round,  Trinity  University 
will  be  a  federated  member  of  the  University  of  Toronto,  with  her 
School  of  Medicine  fused  with  our  Faculty  of  Medicine,  making 
it  even  stronger  and  more  efficient  than  it  is  to-day. 

I  had  intended  to  say  something  with  regard  to  the  aid  which  in 
the  past  the  University  has  received  from  the  State.  I  must  say 
but  a  few  brief  words  with  regard  to  it,  in  passing,  and  I  say  these 
only  because  I  feel  that  they  should  be  said,  in  justice  to  the 
University. 

Until  about  ten  years  ago,  no  money  had  been  given  to  the  Uni- 
versity out  of  the  Consolidated  Revenue.  It  met  its  entire  expendi- 
ture out  of  its  endowment.  It  has  been  said  that  the  Province  has 
given  $7,000  a  year  and  a  tract  of  land  in  the  north-western  part 
of  the  Province,  of  considerable  value,  from  which  we  now  receive 
upwards  of  $2,700  a  year, — the  amount  will  vary,  and,  of  course, 
when  the  lands  are  sold  it  will  cease  to  be  a  source  of  revenue. 
ISTow,  it  is  not  fair  to  the  University,  in  the  discussion  of  the 
University  question,  that  that  should  be  referred  to  as  a  subven- 
tion. These  grants  were  voted  by  the  Legislature  not  as  a  sub- 
vention to  the  University,  but  in  satisfaction  of  claims  which  the 
University  had  upon  the  Province,  and  in  the  view  of  those  who 
are  best  qualified  to  judge  and  who  have  made  a  study  of  the  ques- 
tion, the  Province  did  not  pay,  in  giving  the  land  anil  the  $7,000 
a  year,  all  that  in  equity  it  owed  to  the  University  of  Toronto. 

The  first  substantial  aid  which  the  University  received  was 
when  the  Legislature  determined,  upon  the  advice  of  the  Govern- 
ment, to  take  over  the  three  departments,  Mineralogy  and  Geology, 
Physics,  and  Chemistry.  That  relieved  the  TJniversity  of  a  very 
considerable  annual  burden,  about  $30,000,  and,  unless  it  had  been 
done,  a  suspension  of  the  operations  of  the  University  would  have 
been,  at  all  events  imperative,  in  part  at  least.  Later  on,  it  was 
found,  as,  indeed,  was  apparent  to  those  who  were  concerned,  on 
the  part  of  the  University,  in  the  negotiations  which  led  up  to  the 
taking  over  of  the  three  departments  being  agreed  to,  that  there 
would  still  be  a  considerable  deficiency.  I  am  glad  to  say  that 


THE  CHANCELLOR'S  ADDRESS.  285 

the  Government  has  recognized  that  it  is  the  duty  of  the  Province 
to  wipe  out  the  annual  deficits,  and  the  Government  and  Legisla- 
ture are  committed  to  the  policy  that  whatever  is  necessary  in 
any  year  to  make  up  the  difference  between  revenue  and  expendi- 
ture will  be  met  out  of  the  Consolidated  Revenue. 

These  two  things  stand  to  the  credit  of  the  Government  and  the 
Legislature,  and  the  University  and  the  friends  of  the  University 
appreciate  what  has  been  done,  and  all  were  pleased  to  hear  the 
declaration  made  by  the  Premier  that  but  one  University  will  be 
maintained  by  the  Province  of  Ontario. 

I  hope  that  in  the  consideration  of  the  estimates  the  Govern- 
ment, wThich  has  the  final  voice  in  determining  what  the  expendi- 
ture shall  be,  will  liberally  interpret  the  legislation  which  has  been 
placed  upon  the  statute  books,  and  that  it  will  not  hamper  the 
trustees  in  carrying  on  the  work  of  the  University  by  refusing  to 
sanction  the  expenditure  of  the  money  needed  for  that  work  and 
for  the  development  of  the  University. 

I  am  satisfied,  as  far  as  one  who  is  out  of  politics  may  speak  on 
siich  a  subject,  that  the  Legislature  and  the  people  of  the  Province 
will  not  object  to  a  liberal  interpretation  of  the  legislation  and 
begrudge  a  liberal  provision  for  all  the  reasonable  needs  of  the 
University. 

I  congratulate  the  Alumni  Association  upon  what  has  been  ac- 
complished in  the  interests  and  for  the  benefit  of  the  University. 
1  am  satisfied  that  had  it  not  been  for  the  awakening  which  was 
brought  about  by  the  organization  of  the  Alumni  Association  and 
its  branches  throughout  the  country,  it  wrould  have  been  impossible 
!  to  have  accomplished  what  has  been  done  in  that  regard.  We 
must,  however,  bear  in  mind  that  a  government  cannot  always  do 
that  which  it  feels  ought  to  be  done.  A  government  cannot  go 
further  than  the  representatives  of  the  people  will  support  them  in 
going,  or  further  than  public  opinion  will  justify. 

\<>\v,  the  work  that  the  Alumni  Associations  have  done  is  this: 
they  have  shown  that  the  people  and  their  representatives- are 
coitent  to  expend  all  that  is  necessary  for  maintaining  and  develop- 
ing the  LTniversity  of  Toronto;  and  if  the  Alumni  Associations 
had  done  nothing  else,  they  would  have  been  entitled  to  the  grate- 
ful thanks  not  only  of  the  present  generation,  but  of  future  genera- 
tions, for  the  good  they  have  done  in  bringing  about  a  just  appreci- 
ation of  the  duty  which  the  Legislature  owes  to  the  Provincial 
University. 

The  news  which  has  been  communicated  to-night,  as  to  Con- 
vocation Hall,  is  extremely  gratifying.  By  their  efforts,  with  the 
contributions  which  owing  to  their  exertions  have  been  secured, 
the  Alumni  have  made  it  possible  that  a  Convocation  Hall  should 


286  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY. 

be  erected,  and  that  a  great  University  should  no  longer  be  com- 
pelled to  borrow  its  Gymnasium  for  the  purposes  of  Convocation. 

It  is  said  in  some  quarters  that  a  Convocation  Hall  is  not  a  Uni- 
versity building.  I  take  issue  with  that.  A  Convocation  Hall  is 
distinctly  a  University  building.  It  is  the^place  where  the  gather- 
ings of  graduates  are  held,  where  the  degrees  are  conferred,  where 
the  various  societies  in  connection  with  the  University  may  meet, 
and  University  functions  in  general  may  be  carried  on.  It  is 
essentially  a  University  institution,  and  a  University  like  the 
University  of  Toronto  ought  not  to  be  without  such  a  hall. 

I  am  glad  that  the  work  is  accomplished,  and  I  bear  witness  to 
the  zeal  and  energy,  if  it  is  not  invidious  to  mention  names,  of  the 
Dean  and  of  the  Secretary — Dean  Reeve  and  Professor  McLen- 
nan— because  it  is  not  going  too  far  to  say  that  but  for  the  exer- 
tions of  these  two  gentlemen,  the  effort  would  have  resulted  in 
failure.  Our  work  is  not  all  done.  The  Alumni  Association  has 
done  good  work.  It  has  now  felt  its  strength,  it  knows  what  it  can 
do,  and  I  would  appeal  to  the  members  to  go  on  with  the  good 
work  that  they  have  begun  for  their  alma  mater.  They  are  work- 
ing not  merely  for  their  alma  mater,  but  for  the  good  of  the  Pro- 
vince, and  of  this  great  country  of  which  they  are  citizens.  It  is 
a  worthy  object.  They  have  great  power.  The  number  of  gradu- 
ates of  this  University,  the  influential  positions  they  occupy 
throughout  the  country,  will  enable  us  to  bring  powerful  influence 
to  bear,  and  no  government,  whether  it  is  the  government  that  is 
in  power  now  or  a  succeeding  government,  will  be  bold  enough  to 
resist  the  legitimate  and  reasonable  demands  put  forward  and  sup- 
ported by  the  Alumni  Association  and  the  body  of  the  graduates 
of  the  University.  At  the  same  time,  do  not  understand,  Mr. 
Chairman,  that  I  am  counselling  the  making  of  unreasonable  de- 
mands. I  am  sure  the  Alumni  Association  and  the  graduates  will 
not  ask  for  anything  that  is  unreasonable;  but  whatever  is  reason- 
ably necessary  to  be  provided  at  the  public  expense  for  the  Uni- 
versity, if  they  are  behind  the  claim,  I  venture  to  think  no  govern- 
ment will  refuse  to  give. 

The  hour  is  now  late,  Mr.  Chairman,  and  I  have  perhaps  tres- 
passed longer  than  I  should  upon  you.  I  hope  I  have  said  nothing 
that  will  give  offence  to  anybody.  I  like  to  speak  plainly,  and  I 
trust  I  shall  not  be  misunderstood. 

I  thank  you  for  this  opportunity  of  being  heard,  and  I  resume 
my  seat,  wishing  greater  success  and  prosperity  to  the  Alumni 
Association  and  to  the  University  of  Toronto  in  the  next  year  and 
the  years  to  come  than  the  prosperity,  which  has  been  great,  in  the 
year  which  is  passing. 


OPEN  AIR  SHAKESPEARE.  287 

OPEN    AIR   SHAKESPEARE.* 

BY  PELHAM  EDGAR,  PH.D. 
Professor  of  French,   Victoria  University. 

IT  is  now  some  years  since  any  noteworthy  performance  of  Shake- 
speare has  been  seen  in  Toronto,  and  none  so  uniquely  interest- 
ing as  last  week's  comedies  have  ever  been  witnessed  here.  The  im- 
pression which  the  first  performance  of  As  You  Like  It  left  on 
the  audience  was  ineffaceable.  The  afternoon  was  warm,  without 
sultriness.  A  gentle  breeze  came  from  the  south  over  the  grass, 
and  across  the  sky  white  cumulous  clouds  were  drifting,  which  al- 
ternately shadowed  the  sun  and  permitted  its  light  to  filter  through 
the  leaves.  No  conventional  stage  mechanism  could  offer  com- 
binations of  effects  at  once  so  simple  and  so  beautiful ;  no  elaborate 
machinery  could  produce  an  illusion  so  complete.  It  was  no  paste- 
board forest  that  we  saw,  but  the  Forest  of  Arden  in  very  truth, 
from  behind  whose  trees  we  might  at  any  moment  see  the  "  native 
burghers  "  of  the  place,  the  "  poor  dappled  fools "  come  forth  to 
feed.  In  the  foreground  stood  a  magnificent  maple,  and  through  its 
branches  orioles  flew  at  intervals,  uttering  their  flute-like  notes. 
The  background  was  a  glade  of  elms  and  maples  and  smaller  shrubs, 
from  whose  leaves  the  delicate  green  of  early  spring  had  not  yet 
passed. 

Such  was  the  setting,  and  the  play  was  the  most  poetical  comedy 
which  the  world  possesses.  Shakespeare  had  recently  completed 
the  series  of  historical  plays,  and  after  the  intellectual  strain  which 
they  entailed,  he  gladly  turned  to  a  subject  to  which  no  tragic 
issues  attached,  and  which  yielded  such  delicate  food  for  his  poetic 
fancy.  Seeking  for  his  theme,  he  seized  upon  Lodge's  pastoral 
novel  "  Rosalind,"  which  afforded  him  the  framework  he 
desired,  and  gave  him  a  distant  suggestion  of  the  principal  charac- 
ters. But  only  a  suggestion.  The  creator  of  Rosalind  had  no 
lessons  to  learn  in  the  school  of  Lodge;  and  not  satisfied  with  the 
meagre  humanity  of  the  fantastic  romance,  he  refashioned  Rosalind 
into  the  radiant  woman  we  know,  and  created  with  masterly  power 
the  lovable  fool  Touchstone,  who  is  no  fool,  and  the  cynical 
Jaques,  who  is  no  cynic,  themselves  the  forerunners  of  two  still 
deeper  human  studies,  the  gentle-minded,  melancholy  Hamlet,  and 
King  Lear's  wisely  tragic  fool. 

The  setting  of  this  exquisite  nature  comedy  was  more  beautiful 
than  can -easily  be  described,  and  to  describe  the  charm  of  Miss 

*  Mr.  Ben.  Greet's  Company  at  the  University,  June  10th  and  llth. 


288  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY. 

Matheson's  rendering  of  Rosalind  is  frankly  impossible.  She  is 
Rosalind  as  Shakespeare  must  have  imagined  her — the  embodi- 
ment of  tender  womanhood,  whose  masquerade  of  boy's  attire  but 
lends  an  added  piquancy  to  her  charm.  I  cannot  speak  from  per- 
sonal knowledge  of  Adelaide  Xeilson  as  Rosalind,  but  since  her 
time  the  Rosalinds  whom  I  have  seen,  and  they  include  Julia  Mar- 
lowe, are  pale  ghosts  compared  with  Miss  Matheson's  impersona- 
tion. Her  mobile  face  shows  every  delicate  shadow  of  emotion, 
and  her  voice  reveals  the  subtlest  tones  of  varying  moods.  It  is 
true  that  with  Rosalind  the  range  of  emotion  is  riot  wide,  as  the 
element  of  tragedy  is  practically  absent.  But  Miss  Matheson's 
command  of  pathos  was  witnessed  in  her  impersonation  of  Every- 
man, and  even  in  the  lighter  "  Comedy  of  Errors  "  wt  saw  her  as 
Adriana  represent  offended  dignity  with  complete  success. 

The  remaining  actors  cannot  be  dismissed  with  a  word.  The 
company  as  a  whole  is  exceptionally  well  balanced.  Mr.  Greet 
showed  himself  to  be  an  actor  of  no  little  merit.  Intellectually 
his  representation  of  Jaques  was  most  satisfying,  and  there  was 
much  unctuous  humour  in  his  rendering  of  one  of  the  Dromios  in 
The  Comedy  of  Errors.  Mr.  Field,  as  Touchstone,  was  inimitable 
— a  most  courtly  fool,  whose  dignity  was  well  seasoned  with  whole- 
some wit.  He  was  not  intended  to  be  a  vulgar  clown  to  please  the 
groundlings.  Mr.  Stanley  Drewitt  played  the  role  of  Orlando 
conscientiously,  but  stiffly.  To  my  mind,  the  better  Orlando 
would  have  been  Mr.  Dallas  Anderson,  who  spoke  his  lines  as 
Silvius  with  much  lyric  feeling. 

The  evening  performance  of  As  You  Like  It  was  held  under  less 
pleasurable  weather  conditions.  Yet  the  romantic  effect  appealed 
strongly  to  the  imagination,  and  the  audience  was  perhaps  more 
in  "  a  coming  on  mood  "  than  on  the  previous  afternoon. 

When  Mr.  Greet  brings  his  company  here  again  he  will  be 
coming  among  friends.  The  production  of  Everyman  in  the 
autumn  will  create  the  profound  interest  which  it  deserves,  and 
any  future  open-air  performances  of  Shakespeare  are  assured  of 
unqualified  success.  Of  the  remaining  comedies  we  should  wel- 
come especially  The  Winter's  Tale  and  Twelfth  Night;  and  if  the 
production  of  Romeo  and  Juliet  has  proved  successful  in  England, 
Mr.  Greet  should  give  us  the  opportunity  of  seeing  Miss  Matheson 
in  a  role  which  her  powers  so  eminently  fit  her  to  perform  with 
distinction. 


ALUMNI  ASSOCIATION  ANNUAL  MEETING.         289 


ANNUAL    MEETING    OF    THE    UNIVERSITY    OF    TO- 
RONTO ALUMNI  ASSOCIATION. 

Chemical  Laboratory,  Thursday,  June  11,  1903. 

AFTERNOON  MEETING. 

There  were  about  thirty  members  present  when  the  meeting  was 
called  to  order  by  Mr.  L.  E.  Embree,  vice-president,  who,  on  motion 
of 'Mr.  J.  M.  Clark,  seconded  by  the  secretary,  was  appointed 
chairman.  The  minutes  of  last  meeting  were  read  and  approved. 

President  Dr.  R.  A.  Reeve,  who  had  arrived  during  the  reading 
of  the  minutes,  then  took  the  chair. 

The  reports  of  the  Executive  Committee  and  of  the  Treasurer, 
which  follow,  were  then  read  and  adopted. 

ANNUAL    REPORT    OF    THE     EXECUTIVE     COMMITTEE     OF    THE     UNI- 
VERSITY  OF   TORONTO    ALUMNI    ASSOCIATION. 

Progress. 

THE  closer  co-operation  of  the  graduates  with  the  University 
which  is  secured  by  the  organization  of  local  branches  of  the 
Alumni  Association  is  a  marked  feature  of  the  growth  of  the  As- 
sociation during  the  past  year.  During  this  period  the  alumni 
have  been  organized  in  the  counties  of  Oxford  and  Frontenac,  the 
District  of  Alberta,  the  cities  of  Montreal  and  New  York  and  the 
State  of  California.  The  activity  already  displayed  by  these 
bodies  of  graduates  augurs  well  for  their  permanent  usefulness. 
Steps  are  now  being  taken  to  organize  branches  in  the  county  of 
Essex  and  in  the  cities  of  Detroit  and  Pittsburg.  The  growth  of  the 
association  has  been  greatly  stimulated  by  the  visits  of  members 
of  the  administrative  and  teaching  staffs  of  the  University  to  vari- 
ous centres  where  they  took  the  opportunity  at  banquets  and  other 
gatherings  of  informing  the  alumni  of  the  actual  condition  and 
needs  of  the  University.  In  this  way  a  public  opinion  has  been 
built  up  which  it  may  be  said  is  not  without  result  in  the  present, 
and  which  certainly  has  boundless  possibilities  for  our  future. 

The  Montreal  banquet  was  attended  by  Vice-President  Ramsay 
Wright  and  Principal  Hutton,  that  at  Peterboro'  by  the  Vice- 
Chancellor,  Hon.  Chief  Justice  Moss,  and  Professor  McLennan, 
that  at  Hamilton  by  the  Chancellor,  Sir  William  Meredith,  Dr. 
Reeve  and  Principal  Hutton,  that  at  Berlin  by  Dr.  Reeve,  Dr. 
Ellis,  Professors  McGregor  Young  and  McLennan,  that  at  St. 
Thomas  by  Dr.  Reeve,  Dr.  Carman  and  Professors  Macallum 


290  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY. 

find  Alexander,  and  that  at  Xew  York  by  President  Loudon.  A 
pleasant  feature  of  these  gatherings  was  the  presence  at  most  of 
them  of  representatives  from  neighbouring  branches.  During  the 
year  the  secretary  also  visited  the  graduates  in  Montreal,  Ottawa, 
Gait,  Stratford,  London,  Strathroy,  Windsor,  Detroit,  Paris  and 
Brantford,  to  the  last  of  which  places  he  was  accompanied  by 
Professor  Macallum. 

As  an  evidence  of  the  loyalty  of  the  graduates  it  is  pleasing  to 
note  the  presentation  by  the  alumnae  in  the  city  of  ]STew  York 
of  a  gold  medal  to  the  best  alumna  of  University  College  of  the 
fourth  year  in  the  general  course. 

Steps  have  been  taken  towards  establishing  a  Bureau  of  Infor- 
mation for  graduates  desirous  of  entering  upon  industrial  and  com- 
mercial work  in  Canada,  and  the  results  already  attained  warrant 
the  development  of  this  means  of  facilitating  the  entrance  of  our 
alumni  into  business  life.  In  order  to  promote  the  interests  of 
manufacturers  and  other  business  men  it  is  proposed  by  the  publi- 
cation of  articles  and  the  delivery  of  special  lectures  arranged 
through  the  co-operation  of  the  University  authorities,  to  give 
them  an  insight  into  the  work  done  by  the  University  in  preparing 
her  graduates  for  such  a  life. 

Secretary's  Office 

The  general  interest  taken  by  the  alumni  in  the  Association 
greatly  increased  the  work  in  this  office,  and  as  the  Convocation 
Hall  project  entailed  a  large  amount  of  correspondence  and 
bookkeeping  it  was  found  necessary  to  employ  two  assistants 
for  the  greater  part  of  the  year. 

The  card  catalogue  of  graduates  has  been  maintained  in  an  effi- 
cient state,  and  has  been  enlarged  by  the  addition  of  the  graduates 
of  Victoria  University  prior  to  Confederation. 

As  will  be  seen  from  the  Treasurer's  report,  $867.50  was 
received  in  membership  fees  during  the  past  year,  showing  an 
increase  of  $7.50  over  the  previous  year. 

Editorial  Committee. 

The  University  of  Toronto  Monthly  has  now  completed  the  third 
;vear  of  its  publication  and  has  established  itself  as  a -necessary 
medium  for  conveying  University  information  and  news  to  the 
alumni. 

While  the  number  of  subscribers  has  not  materially  increased, 
the  proceeds  from  advertisements  are  much  larger  and  account  for 
the  very  satisfactory  financial  report  made  this  year. 


ALUMNI  ASSOCIATION  ANNUAL  MEETING.        291 

Many  improvements  in  the  Monthly  have  been  discussed  and 
projected  and  only  await  a  more  general  support  on  the  part  of  the 
graduates  to  secure  realization.  An  index  for  the  three  volumes 
c-J:  the  Monthly  will  be  issued  with  the  June  number  and  arrange- 
ments have  been  made  for  binding  subscribers'  copies  and  also 
for  supplying  a  limited  number  of  bound  volumes  to  those  who 
have  not  preserved  a  complete  set  of  the  Monthly.  The  terms 
upon  which  these  may  be  obtained  appear  as  an  advertisement 
in  the  June  issue. 

The  grant  from  the  Association  this  year  is  $433.74,  and  is 
slightly  in  excess  of  that  received  last  year.  The  receipts  and 
expenses  incurred  in  publishing  the  Monthly  appear  in  the  ap- 
pended statement  and  show  a  profit  of  $358.35  for  the  year. 

Convocation  Hall  Fund. 

The  Committee  in  charge  of  the  Convocation  Hall  Fund  are 
glad  to  report  that  the  minimum  amount  aimed  at,  namely, 
$50,000,  has  been  subscribed,  and  that  the  subscriptions  which 
were  made  upon  the  condition  of  this  amount  being  reached  are 
now  valid.  As  is  shown  elsewhere,  the  subscriptions  total 
$51,574.40,  and  of  this  $8, 665.20,  upon  which  $18.20  interest  has 
accrued,  has  been  already  received  by  the  treasurer.  The  expenses 
in  connection  with  the  fund  to  date  have  amounted  to  $765.02. 
Steps  will  be  taken  immediately  to  make  collections  in  accordance 
with  the  signed  subscription  forms. 

The  hearty  support  given  by  the  undergraduates  to  the  project 
is  especially  gratifying  as  it  did  much  to  hasten  the  ultimate 
success  of  the  scheme,  and  the  most  sincere  thanks  of  the  alumni 
are  due  to  the  generous  friends  of  the  University  who  by  their 
large  subscriptions  have  enabled  us  to  announce  at  this  meeting 
that  the  minimum  sum  has  been  obtained. 

Research  Scholarship. 

As  the  Convocation  Hall  scheme  was  before  the  graduates  no 
increase  was  made  during  the  year  in  the  amount  subscribed  to  this 
fund.  The  amount  paid  into  it  being  small,  and  the  consent  of  the 
contributors  having  been  obtained  it  was  deemed  wise  to  devote 
the  proceeds  to  the  Convocation  Hall  Fund.  ' 

Guarantee  Fund. 

The  subscriptions  paid  into  the  Guarantee  Fund  to  reduce  the 
indebtedness  incurred  in  connection  with  the  "Monthly"  during 
the  first  year  of  publication  amount  to  $16.63.  Tnis  amount  has 


292  UiNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

been  handed  over  to  the  Editorial  Committee  to  be  applied  in  the 
reduction  of  our  indebtedness. 

Harper  Memorial  Fund. 

The  Memorial  Tablet  erected  in  the  Main  Building  to  the 
memory  of  the  late  H.  A.  Harper  and  other  public  memorials  of 
his  brave  deed  tended  to  diminish  the  subscriptions  to  the  fund  un- 
dertaken by  the  Alumni  Association.  The  fund,  which  amounted  to 
$22  40  and  included  $13.00  collected  by  Dr.  MorJey  Wickett  from 
the  graduates  in  the  department  of  Political  Science,  has  been 
used  to  aid  in  establishing  a  Musical  Library  in  the  Undergrad- 
uates' Union,  and  arrangements  have  been  made  to  have  the  works 
purchased  bear  a  suitable  memorial  inscription. 

Memorial  Window  Committee. 

The  committee  having  in  hand  the  memorial  window  to  the 
graduates  who  fell  at  Ridgeway  have  not  reported  progress  since 
the  last  general  meeting. 

J.  C.  McLennan, 

Secretary. 

%        TREASURER'S  REPORT. 

The  Treasurer  then  presented  his  Annual  Statement,  which 
shewed  a  profit  balance  to  the  credit  of  the  Alumni  Association  of 
&172.69  and  one  of  $358.35  to  "  The  Monthly." 

The  indebtedness  of  "  The  Monthly  "  to  the  bank  was  reduced 
during  the  year  by  $200,  which,  when  combined  with  the  profit 
balances  given  above,  shews  a  profit  on  the  year's  transactions  of 
$731.04. 

UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  ALUMNI  ASSOCIATION,  1902-1903. 

RECEIPTS. 

Cash  in  Bank $  19  78 

Fees 867  50 

Grant  from  University 200  00 

Convocation  Hall  Fund— 1901 -'02,  $97  01  j  iao  « 

1902-'03,     86  83]     

$1,271  15? 

EXPENDITURE. 

Auditing  and  Closing  Books,  (1901-02) $  30  00 

Salaries— Miss  Gall $237  50  |  o97  9(- 

Assistants  ...     89  75  j     

Stationery  and  Supplies 96  71 

Office  Expense 34  76 

Printing     9  75 

Travelling  Expenses 59  30 

Postage -. 95  62 

Engraving     1  00 

Payment  to  Monthly 433  74 

$1,088  13 

Balance    182  99^ 

1,271  12 


ALUMNI  ASSOCIATION  ANNUAL  MEETING.        293 


Balance  in   Bank. 


REVENUE  ACCOUNT. 
$18299       Accounts  Payable. 
Balance — Profit... . 


$182  P9 


$  10  30 
172  69 

$182  99 


ASSETS.                                                            LIABILITIES. 
Balance  (Revenue  Account)..      $172  69 
Office  Supplies   10000       To  Balance...    $27269 

$272  69 

UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY,  1902-1903. 
RECEIPTS. 

Cash  in  Bank $      89  23 

Advertisements 1,873  91 

Reprints 24  25 

Casual  Sales 20  28 

Grant  from  Association 433  74 

Rebate  (Postage) 6  92 

Printing — Convocation  Hall  Lists 26  70 

$2,475  03 

EXPENDITURE. 
Salaries — 

Mr.  Robertson.  June  1902-May  1903  (inclusive) $481  00 

Assistants 80  75 

$     561  75 

Stationery  and  Supplies 5  58 

Office  Expenses 38  18 

Printing  "Monthly"  Balance   1901-02 $571  65 

October 112  50 

November 134  20 

December 116  00 

January 107  00 

February   114  63 

1,155  98 

Printing   Pamphlet 4  50 

Postage   and   Mailing 94  11 

Engraving , 27  87 

Interest  and  Discount 56  25 

Commission  on  Advertising 214  00 

Payments  on  Notes 200  00 

$2,358  22 

Balance 116  81 

$2,475  03 
REVENUE   ACCOUNT. 

Balance  in  Bank $116  81       Accounts  Payable — 

Accounts  Receivable —  March  Monthly $108  00 

Advertising   $88623  April          "        ....   15090 

Printing  Pamphlet       700  May  "        11285 

89323          June          "  (esti'e.)  136  50 

Proceeds  of  Guarantee  Fund          16  63  $508  25 

Editor's  Salary,  June   30  00 

Sundries     2  80 

Commission  (advertising)   . .         127  27 

$668  32 
Balance   358  35 

$1,026  67  $1,026  67 

ASSETS  AND  LIABILITIES. 

Aisets.                                                                Liabilities. 
Balance   (Revenue  Account)      $35835      Bills  Payable $80000 


294  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY. 

The  question  of  the  Constitution  was  then  taken  up  arid  the 
following  amendments  were  introduced: 

1.  Moved  by  Dr.  J.  C.  McLennan,  seconded  by  Professor  Ram- 
say Wright,  that  in  future  the  number  of  vice-presidents  be  seven 
(7)  instead  of  three  (3),  and  that,  in  selecting  them,  care  should 
be  taken  to  represent  the  different  parts  of  the  Province.     Carried. 

2.  Moved  by  Professor  Squair,  seconded  by  Dr.  McLennan,  that 
the  number  of  elective  councillors  be  increased  from  twenty  (20) 
to  thirty  (30).     Carried. 

The  Secretary  then  reported  that  the  Minister  of  Education  had 
introduced  a  bill  in  the  Legislature  to  make  provision  for  the  erec- 
tion of  a  Women's  Residence  in  connection  with  the  University  at 
an  early  date.  On  motion  of  Dr.  McLennan,  seconded  by  Miss 
E.  M.  Curzon,  the  following  resolution  was  adopted: 
.  Whereas  the  Government  has  introduced  legislation  to  set  apart 
certain  lands  in  Ontario  for  the  purpose  of  providing  a  fund  to 
establish  a  Residence  for  the  women  students  in  attendance  at 
University  College; 

Resolved,  that  we,  the  members  of  the  University  of  Toronto. 
Alumni  Association  in  annual  meeting  assembled,  record  our  high 
appreciation  of  the  action  of  the  Government  in  thus  making  pro- 
vision for  one  of  the  most  pressing  needs  of  the  University. 

The  Secretary  reported  that,  through  the  kindness  of  Mr.  King, 
Chief  Astronomer  of  Canada,  the  Executive  Committee  had 
secured  one  of  the  old  boundary  posts  of  the  line  between  Canada 
and  the  United  States  in  the  neighbourhood  of  the  St.  Lawrence 
River,  and  it  was  agreed  that  this  post  should  be  formally  handed 
over  to  the  University  authorities  at  noon  on  Eriday,  June  12th,. 
at  the  Library. 

The  meeting  then  adjourned  until  the  evening. 

EVENING   MEETING. 

About  one  hundred  members  were  present.  The  President, 
Dr.  Reeve,  was  in  the  chair.  The  Dominating  Committee  pre- 
sented their  report  and  named  the  following  list  of  officers  for  tlie 
ensuing  year: 

Honorary  President— James  Loudon,  M.A.,  LL.D.,  President  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Toronto. 

President— R.  A.  Reeve,  B.A.,  M.D.,  LL.D. 

Vice-Presidents— I.  H.  Cameron,  M.A.,  M.B.,  F.R.C.S.  -.  A.  H.  McLougall,. 
B.A.,  Ottawa;   Hume  Cronyn,  B.A.,  London;  E.  B.  Edwards,  ,M.A.,  Peter- 
borough; A.  Bartlett,  B.A.,  Windsor;   Colonel  W.  N.  Ponton,  M.A.,  Belle- 
ville; W.  H.  Ballard,  B.A.,  Hamilton. 

Secretary  and  Treasurer — J.  C.  McLennan,  Ph.D. 


ALUMNI  ASSOCIATION  ANNUAL  MEETING.        295 

Executive  Council— A.  R.  Bain,  M.A.,  LL.D.;  E.  F.  Blake,  B.A.;  J.  S. 
Carstairs,  B.A.;  Miss  Chown,  B.A.;  Harold  Clark,  D.D.S.;  J.  M.  Clark, 
B.A.,  LL.B.;  H.  J.  Crawford,  B.A.;  Miss  E.  M.  Curzon,  B.A.;  J.  T.  Fother- 
ingham,  M.B.;  C.  C.  James,  M.A.;  M.  H.  Ludwig,  LL.B.;  W.  H.  Moore, 
B.A.;  Bruce  Macdonald,  B.A.;  A.  McPhedran,  M.B.;  A.  A.  McDonald, 
M.B.;  Kev.  John  Neil,  B.A.;  Rev.T.  O'Meava;  W.  Pakenham,  B.A.;  J.  B. 
Reynolds,  M.A.;  T.  R.  Rosebrugh,  B.A.;  Andrew  Smith,  V.S.,  F.R.C.  V.S.; 
S.  C.  Smoke,  B.A.;  J  Squair,  B.A.;  J.  R.  L.1  Starr,  B.A.;  Rev.  Father  Teefy, 
LL.D.;  F.  H.  Torrington,  Mus.  Doc.;  R.  S.  Waldie,  B.A.;  W.  T.  White, 
B.A.;  J.  McGregor  Young,  B.A.;  R.  J.  Younge. 

Moved  by  Mr.  Briggs,  seconded  by  Dr.  Bain,  that  the  report  be 
adopted.  Carried. 

The  President,  Dr.  Reeve,  in  a  short  speech,  reviewed  the  work 
of  the  Alumni  Association  during  the  past  year,  and,  in  referring 
to  the  Convocation  Hall  Fund,  took  the  opportunity  to  express,  on 
behalf  of  the  Association,  the  gratitude  which  all  felt  to  the  gradu- 
ates and  friends  of  the  University,  who,  by  their  contributions  and 
sympathy,  had  enabled  us  to  raise  $50,000  for  the  erection  of  the 
Hall.  He  then  asked  the  Secretary  to  read  the  following  com- 
munication from  the  Government,  which  was  received  with  strik- 
ing manifestations  of  appreciation. 

"  It  is  too  late  to  have  legislation  this  year,  but  with  reference  to  our 
interview  with  you,  and  having  regard  to  our  conversation  with  the 
Premier  on  this  subject,  we  feel  at  liberty  to  give  you  the  following  assur- 
ance. On  the  assumption  that  at  least  $50,000  has  been  raised  by  the 
alumni  towards  the  new  convocation  hall,  and  on  the  further  assumption 
that  the  cost  of  such  new  building  finished  in  every  respect,  and  equipped, 
will  not  exceed  in  all  the  sum  of  $100.000.  having  in  view  the  desirability  of 
a  new  convocation  hall  for  convocation  purposes  and  alumni  and  other 
gatherings,  in  order  that  the  work  may  not  be  delayed,  the  Government,  so 
lar  as  they  can  do  so,  undertake  to  provide  $50,000,  payable  in  five  annual 
instalments,  to  be  provided  in  the  estimates  from  year  to  year  during 
the  next  five  years,  commencing  with  $10,000  in  the  estimates  of  next 
year. 

Yours  very  truly, 

(Sig.)     J.   M.   GIBSON, 
(Sig.)     R.   HARCOURT." 

The  Chancellor,  Sir  William  Meredith,  delivered  his  annual 
address,  which  is  fully  reported  elsewhere  in  this  issue. 

The  Rev.  J.  Monro  Gibson,  of  London,  England,  who  was  pre- 
sent at  the  meeting,  gave  a  most  pleasing  address  full  of  reminis- 
cences, kindly  references  to  his  old  classmates,  and  words  of  great 
praise  for  the  work  being  done  by  our  great  University. 

He  dwelt  at  length  on  the  struggle  going  on  in  England  to  na- 
tionalize education,  and  told  us  that  public  opinion  in  Ontario  on 
this  subject  wTas  far  in  advance  of  what  it  was  in  England. 


296  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY. 

President  London  was  present  throughout  the  meeting,  and  ex- 
pressed himself  as  being  delighted  with  the  success  of  the  Alumni 
Association  and  with  the  support  it  had  given  the  University. 

On  motion  of  Professor  Squair,  seconded  by  Professor  Fraser, 
the  meeting  extended  a  very  cordial  vote  of  thanks  to  the  Execu- 
tive Committee,  and  made  kindly  reference  to  the  efforts  of  the 
President  and  Secretary  in  all  the  work  of  the  Association. 

On  motion  of  Dr.  Reeve,  seconded  by  Dr.  McLennan,  a  resolu- 
tion was  adopted  thanking  the  Government  of  Ontario  for  coming 
to  the  assistance  of  the  committee  in  connection  with  the  Convo- 
cation Hall  project,  as  follows: 

Whereas  the  Government  has  announced  its  intention  of  pro- 
viding the  sum  of  $50,000  to  supplement  the  like  amount  sub- 
scribed by  the  graduates  and  friends  of  the  University  of  Toronto 
for  the  erection  of  a  Convocation  Hall  for  the  University; 

Resolved,  that  we,  the  members  of  the  University  of  Toronto 
Alumni  Association,  in  annual  meeting  assembled,  record  our 
hearty  gratitude  to  the  Government  for  this  assistance  in  carrying 
out  a  project  whose  success  means  so  much  to  the  University. 

On  motion  of  Professor  Cameron,  seconded  by  Professor  Ramsay 
Wright,  a  most  hearty  vote  of  thanks  was  extended  to  the  Rev. 
Monro  Gibson  and  to  the  Chancellor  for  their  sympathetic,  instruc- 
tive and  encouraging  addresses. 

The  meeting  then  adjourned. 

/.  C.  McLennan, 

Secretary. 


ONTARIO  AGRICULTURAL  COLLEGE.  297 


THE  ONTARIO  AGRICULTURAL  COLLEGE. 

BY    C.    C.    JAMES,    M.A. 

OjST  the  27th  of  June  the  statue  of  the  first  Lieutenant-Governor 
of  Upper  Canada  was  unveiled  by  the  recently  appointed 
Lieutenant-Governor  of  Ontario.  One  hundred  and  seven  years 
have  come  and  gone  since  Lt.-Col.  John  Graves  Siiucoe  sailed  away 
from  the  little  town  of  York  to  which  he  had  but  recently  trans- 
planted the  government  from  Newark.  The  speeches  upon  the 
occasion  of  the  unveiling  made  fitting  reference  to  Simcoe's  quali- 
ties as  a  British  soldier,  to  his  statesmanship  in  establishing  the 
first  representative  government  of  this  Province,  and  to  his  keen 
interest  in  planning  for  the  future  development  of  her  resources. 

Connected  with  Simcoe's  regime  there  was  one  act,  which, 
though  somewhat  simple  at  the  time,  and  overlooked  by  most 
writers  of  his  career,  has  been  productive  of  great  benefit  to  this 
Province,  and  is  the  historic  beginning  of  the  institution  that  forms 
the  subject  of  this  sketch.  Simcoe's  first  parliament  met  at  New- 
ark on  the  17th  September,  and  adjourned  on  the  15th  October, 
1792.  Twelve  days  after  the  adjournment,  the  Lieutenant- 
Governor  brought  together  at  Newark  a  small  group  of  represen- 
tative men  who  organized  the  first  agricultural  society  of  Upper 
Canada.  The  foresight  of  the  man,  and  his  interest  in  the  people 
showed  itself  most  clearly  in  this  the  first  official  organization  out- 
side of  the  legislative  bodies  provided  for  in  the  Constitutional 
Act  of  1791.  This  agricultural  society  was  the  parent  of  a  num- 
erous and  vigorous  family.  From  it  have  come  the  four  hundred 
agricultural  societies  of  the  present  day,  and  a  score  of  associations 
devoted  to  special  lines  of  agricultural  work.  In  it  were  to  be 
found  the  first  elements  of  our*  modern  fanners'  institutes,  and  it 
is  not  claiming  too  much  to  state  that  the  Agricultural  College 
and  Experimental  Farm  at  Guelph,  which  has  become  the  cope 
stone  of  our  agricultural  structure,  may  be  traced  back  directly 
to  this  common  source. 

In  the  year  1830  the  agricultural  societies  had  so  increased  in 
number  and  importance  as  to  demand  public  recognition,  and  an 
Act  was  passed  whereby  they  were  brought  under  government 
control  and  given  financial  assistance.  In  18-iG  representatives 
from  these  local  societies  formed  the  Provincial  Agricultural 
Association,  the  first  object  of  which  was  the  holding  of  a  Pro- 
vincial fair.  It  might  be  mentioned  as  an  appropriate  coinci- 
dence that  this  first  fair  was  held  in  the  residence  and  on  the 
3 


298 


UNIVERSITY   OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 


grounds  of  the  Lieutenant-Governor,  south-west  corner  of  Simcoe 
and  King  Streets,  Toronto. 

Soon  after  the  Provincial  Association  passed  into  the  form  of  a 
Board  or  Bureau  composed  of  members  elected  by  the  agricultural 
societies  of  the  various  districts,  and  then  its  work  widened. 
Reference  can  be  made  here  to  only  one  of  these  new  under- 
takings. The  secretary,  Mr.  George  Buckland,  was  accustomed 


MASSEY  HALL  AND  LIBRARY,  ONTARIO  AGRICULTURAL  COLLEGE,  GUELPH. 


to  visit  the  various  local  societies  to  address  them  upon  agricultural 
topics.  The  older  graduates  and  prof  essors^  of  the  University  may 
remember  that  the  Board  established  an  educational  course  in 
connection  with  Toronto  University,  and  that  Mr.  Buckland  be- 
came the  Professor  of  Agriculture.  His  experimental  farm,  to 
which  the  older  men  refer  sometimes  with  a  smile,  was  located 


ONTARIO  AGRICULTURAL  COLLEGE.  299 

about  where  the  University  athletic  grounds  now  stand.  In 
tlie  roll  of  graduates  (p.  144)  you  will  find  the  modest  list  of  nine 
men  to  whom  diplomas  were  awarded  in  the  years  1862-1873. 
You  will  not  find  many  distinguished  agriculturists  among  the 
noble  nine.  The  experiment  was  not  a  brilliant  success,  but  it 
contained  the  germ  of  our  Agricultural  College.  To  this  same 
Board  of  Agriculture,  the  Ontario  Veterinary  College  traces  back; 
but  that  is  another  story  that  Dr.  Andrew  Smith  can  tell,  for  he 
was  the  young  man  brought  out  by  the  Board  from  Edinburgh  to 
give  instruction  in  Veterinary  Science. 

In  the  days  of  the  old  Parliament  of  Canada  (1841-67),  the 
suggestion  of  an  agricultural  school  cropped  up  again  and  again, 
but  nothing  resulted,  until  the  separation  of  the  provinces,  and  the 
u'giine  of  the  Sanfield  Macdonald  government  began.  In  that 
government  Hon.  John  Carling  held  the  dual  office  of  Commis- 
sioner of  Public  Works  and  of  Agriculture,  and  the  suggestions 
f  f  earlier  days  were  given  new  life  by  his  appointing  the  late  Rev. 
AV.  F.  Clarke,  editor  of  "  The  Canada  Fanner,"  to  prepare  a  report 
on  the  scope  and  nature  of  an  agricultural  school  suitable  for  this 
Province.  Mr.  Clarke  was  a  man  of  wide  range,  and,  through 
his  connection  with  the  agricultural  press,  he  wras  fairly  well  fitted 
for  his  task.  He  visited  the  two  leading  institutions  of  the  United 
States  (the  State  Agricultural  College  of  Massachusetts  and  of 
Michigan)  that  were  making  a  vigorous  struggle  for  recognition. 
In  due  time  the  report  appeared,  and  it  may  be  found  in  the  Ses- 
>i<>nal  Papers  of  1870.  This  report  and  the  subsequent  report 
cf  1873  were  no  doubt  somewhat  startling  to  the  doubting  farmer* 
and  politicians  of  the  day.  In  later  years  Mr.  Clarke  referred 
again  and  again  to  these  reports  with  all  the  fondness  of  a  proud 
parent,  and  we  have  often  seen  him  "get  up  in  meeting  "  and  read 
from  his  production  to  prove  how  his  comprehensive  scheme  had 
been  worked  up  in  some  line  or  disregarded  in  some  other.  The 
icsult  was  that  the  Mimico  farm  was  purchased,  a  few  appoint- 
ments made,  and  plans  for  building  begun — when  lo!  the  elections 
came  on,  the  government  fell,  and  the  movement  came  to  a  sudden 
standstill.  There  had  been  criticisms  of  the  location  as  a  farm 
(  f  thistles.  There  were  also,  I  believe,  some  criticisms  of  the  place* 
SS  being  too  near  to  the  city  of  Toronto  and  therefore  presenting 
attractions  to  the  young  men  from  the  farm  that  would  not  be  con- 
ducive to  tfood  morals.  The  new  government  appointed  a  com- 
mittee to  investigate.  It  is  interesting  to  recall  that  the  presenr 
Minister  of  Agriculture  was  a  member  of  the  committee.  Farmer 
members  of  the  Legislature  walked  over  the  Mimico  farm,  \\v^ 


300  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

expert  professors  from  the  Michigan  Agricultural  College  were 
called  in,  and  soon  after  a  report  was  presented  to  the  new  Com- 
missioner, Hon.  Archibald  McKellar,  in  which  the  finding  was 
that  the  Mimico  site  was  unsuitable,  and  that  a  new  farm  should 
be  purchased  elsewhere  in  one  of  the  most  successful  grain  and 
live  stock  sections.  Various  farms  were  offered,  but  the  selection 
was  made  of  Moreton  Lodge,  near  Guelph,  the  property  of  Mr. 
F.  W.  Stone.  550  acres  of  rolling  land,  a  fine  stone  dwelling  on  a 
commanding  site,  with  $74,500  as  the  price,  were  the  main  fea- 
tures of  the  transaction;  but  it  finally  required  the  aid  of  Her 
Majesty's  constables  to  obtain  possession.  The  forcible  taking 
possession  of  the  property  by  the  government  officers  promised  to 
become  a  great  constitutional  question,  the  point  in  dispute  being 
whether  officers  of  the  Province  had  the  power  to  act  without 
special  authorization  from  the  county  authorities.  However,  the 
arrival  of  the  cheque  for  purchase  money  soon  smoothed  away 
many  difficulties.  Then  began  on  May  1st,  1874,  the  first  course 
of  lectures  at  the  College,  with  26  students,  and  a  teaching  staff 
of  somewhat  uncertain  numbers,  many  classes  being  provided  with 
occasional  lecturers.  The  first  move  made  by  the  pioneer  band  of 
students  was  to  go  on  strike.  A  letter  dated  July  13th  was  sent 
to  Premier  Mowat  protesting  against  the  Principal,  and  stating 
they  could  not  receive  instruction  from  "  a  man  so  regardless  of 
truth  and  so  incapable  of  performing  the  duties  assigned  to  him 
at  this  Institution."  One  week  was  the  limit  set  by  tiie  students, 
and  there  were  two  days  yet  lacking  when  the  Principal's  resigna  - 
tion  went  forward.  So  much  for  an  inglorious  start. 

The  direction  of  the  institution  then  came  into  the  charge  of  the 
lector  of  the  school,  Mr.  William  Johnston,  a  young  man  fresh 
from  graduation  at  the  University  of  Toronto.  In  April  of  the 
following  year  an  Englishman,  Mr.  Charles  Roberts,  arrived  to 
succeed  the  man  who  had  failed,  but  Mr.  Roberts  soon  resigned 
owing  to  ill  health.  When  the  school  was  first  started  in  May, 
]  874,  Rev.  W.  F.  Clarke  was  appointed  rector.  He  resigned,  how- 
ever, in  the  general  mixup  in  July.  Mr.  Johnston  succeeded  him 
as  rector  in  August.  In  1875  Hon.  S.  C.  Wood  was  Commis- 
sioner. Mr.  Johnston  had  shown  remarkable  ability  in  trying 
times,  and  was  now  advanced  to  the  position  of  President.  At 
the  same  time  the  first  professorial  staff  was  provided  to  assist  the 
I'resident,  consisting  of  Professor  William  Brown  (Agriculture), 
T'rofessor  E.  A.  Grange  (Veterinary  Science),  and  Dr.  Baptie 
(Chemistry). 


ONTARIO  AGRICULTURAL  COLLEGE.  301 

President  Johnston  held  the  place  until  1879,  when  he  resigned, 
and  was  succeeded  by  Mr.  James  Mills,  M.A.,  the  Principal  of  the 
Brant  ford  Collegiate  Institute.  Dr.  Mills  has  occupied  this  im- 
portant position  for  twenty-four  years,  and  has  seen  the  institu- 
tion grow  through  many  vicissitudes.  He  has  done  more  than  se-3 
it  grow,  he  has  made  it  grow,  for  his  life  and  the  life  of  the  insti- 
tution that  he  has  served  so  well  are  inseparably  interwoven.  In 
1870  the  teaching  staff  consisted  of  seven  professors,  and  162 
students  were  enrolled;  in  1902  the  staff  numbered  22  and  no 
less  than  768  students  were  enrolled  in  all  the  courses.  This  is  a 
growth  of  which  any  educational  institution  would  feel  proud  and 
justifies  the  liberal  increases  in  grants  made  by  the  Ontario 
Legislature. 

The  large  increase  in  the  number  of  students  in  recent  years  is 
owing  partly  to  the  fact  that  the  course  of  study  has  been  enlarged 
from  a  two  years'  course  (with  diploma)  to  a  four  years'  course 
(with  a  degree)  and  also  to  the  addition  from  time  to  time  of 
special  courses  in  Dairying,  Domestic  Science,  Poultry  Manage- 
ment, and  Live  Stock  Judging.  At  the  same  time  the  attendance 
in  the  general  course  has  steadily  increased,  being  limited  in  recent 
years  only  by  the  accommodation.  In  1902,  290  students  took 
the  general  course. 

In  1888  for  the  first  time  the  College  enlarged  its  scope  of  work, 
and  provided  a  third  year  s  course.  For  some  years  before  that 
time  this  addition  had  been  suggested  and  discussed.  The  writer 
c±  this  paper  was  appointed  Professor  of  Chemistry  in  1886,  and 
shortly  after  one  of  the  associate  students  asked  for  permission 
to  continue  his  work  in  the  laboratory  beyond  the  second  year. 
This  was  granted,  and  soon  a  second  wished  to  do  some  special 
work  along  the  same  line.  The  time  seemed  ripe,  a  regular  course 
was  drawn  up  by  the  staff,  and  affiliation  arranged  with  the  Uni- 
versity of  Toronto.  The  class  of  1888  numbered  five  and  to  them 
the  Provincial  University  granted  the  first  degrees  of  Bachelor  of 
the  Science  of  Agriculture  (B.S.A.)  in  October,  1888.  The  course 
has  been  lengthened  to  four  years,  and  year  by  year  the  College 
has  sent  up  its  students  to  the  University  examinations. 

Most  of  the  students  are  unable  to  leave  the  farm  for  studies 
l.evond  the  two  years'  course,  which  has,  from  the  first,  been 
the  important  work  of  the  College.  Diplomas  have  been  issued 
to  about  five  hundred  in  the  general  course,  while  fully  as  many 
have  been  issued  for  the  special  courses.  The  great  majority  of 
these  (.-x-studr-nts  are  engaged  in  agricultural  work  in  Ontario. 


302  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

In  the  sixteen  years  (1888-1903)  139  students  have  passed  their 
examinations,  and  received  their  degrees.  An  interesting  article 
might  be  written  on  the  careers  of  these  139  young  men.  They 
are  to  be  found  in  responsible  positions  doing  splendid  work. 
Many  of  them  are  working  out  the  problems  of  life  011  Ontario 
farms,  one  of  them  has  occupied  a  seat  in  the  Legislature,  three  of 
them  are  directing  work  in  the  Provincial  Department  of  Agri- 
culture, no  less  than  12  were  on  the  staff  of  the  Agricultural  Col- 
lege in  1902,  four  are  in  the  service  of  the  Dominion  Government, 
thirteen  are  filling  professors'  chairs  in  American  agricultural 
colleges,  several  of  them  are  managing  large  agricultural  estates  in 
Canada  and  the  United  States,  and  two  are  filling  government 
positions  even  in  far-away  India  and  the  Philippines.  Through  tin- 
press,  on  the  platform,  in  practical  farm  life,  in  experimental  work, 
it-long  all  lines  of  progressive  agriculture  in  this  country,  the 
graduates  and  associates  of  the  Ontario  Agricultural  College  ar? 
to  be  found  to-day.  The  college  is  best  advertised  by  its  students, 
and  the  University  need  never  be  ashamed  of  this  portion  of  her 
family. 

A  word  or  two  as  to  the  Ontario  Agricultural  College  and  its 
equipment.  It  is  not  too  much  to  say  that  the  college  and  farm  Is 
the  best  all-round  equipped  institution  of  its  kind  in  the  world. 
There  are  European  institutions  with  certain  departments  de- 
veloped beyond  anything  to  be  found  in  America.  There  are 
United  States  colleges  with  departments  having  a  reputation  be- 
\  ond  ours,  but  at  Guelph  the  whole  institution  is  equally  advanced : 
every  department  is  up  to  its  requirements.  No  one  man,  no  one 
branch  stands  out  beyond  the  rest  to  give  it  a  one-sided  reputa- 
tion. The  result  is  that  the  student  may  pass  through  the  On- 
tario Agricultural  College  with  a  first-class  general  training  in  all 
the  lines  of  Agricultural  Science. 

Many  proofs  of  the  good  repute  of  our  College  might  be  given 
— testimonials  from  American  and  European  visitors.  One  ex- 
ample may  be  interesting  here.  In  1900  the  Argentine  govern- 
ment arranged  to  send  north  a  small  band  of  students  to  be  trained 
in  agricultural  work.  Two  by  two  they  were,  sent  to  various 
American  colleges.  By  the  end  of  the  year  there  were  eight  at 
Guelph.  In  1901  the  number  had  increased  to  fourteen,  and  in 
1902  the  Argentine  band  numbered  seventeen.  It  should  be 
stated,  to  avoid  misunderstanding,  that  these  are  all  compelled  to 
board  out  of  the  college,  and,  therefore,  do  not  keep  out  any  de- 
serving Ontario  students.  This  may  serve  to  illustrate  the  saying 
that  "  the  opinion  of  the  foreigner  to-day  is  what  will  be  the  opin- 
ion of  history  hereafter." 


ONTARIO  AGRICULTURAL  COLLEGE.  303 

The  cosmopolitan  nature  of  the  advanced  classes  may  be  seen 
from  the  following,-  statement  of  the  graduating  class  of  June  12th, 
1903.  The  class  numbered  fifteen,  composed  as  follows:  Ten  from 
Ontario,  one  from  Xc\\  Brunswick,  and  one  from  each  of  the  fol- 
lowing countries:  Jamaica,  Mauritius,  Asia  Minor,  and  Argentine. 

Another  point  worthy  of  record  is  that  the  institution  has  at- 
tracted the  attention  of  our  own  people.  Last  year  there  was 
opened  for  the  use  of  the  students  the  magnificent  Massey  Hall 
:iiid  Library,  the  gift  of  the  executors  of  the  H.  A.  Massey  estate, 
and  there  is  now  under  way  the  construction  of  the  two  mammoth 
Macdonald  buildings,  the  gift  of  Sir  William  Macdonald  of  Mont- 
real, for  the  training  of  public  school  teachers  in  Agriculture  and 
Mature  Study,  and  of  farmers'  daughters  in  Domestic  Science. 

For  many  years  the  college  struggled  for  the  recognition  of  its 
worth,  the  approval  of  its  work — it  is  now  in  the  full  sunshine  of 
prosperity  and  is  doing  a  work  of  which  this  Province  may  well 
feel  proud.  It  is  not  the  least  important  or  the  least  effective  of 
the  many  colleges  in  affiliation  with  the  University  of  Toronto. 
Year.  Staff.  Students.  Remarks. 

i>74  ?  26  College  opened  1st  May. 

1ST5  4  32  "Win.  Johnston,  B.A.,  appointed  Principal. 

18T9  5  162  Jas.  Mills,  M.A.,  appointed  Principal. 

1887  8  110  Chemical  Laboratory  built. 

1888  8  131  First  degrees  B.S.A.  (5). 

1891  10        132          Convocation      Hall      and      Gymnasium 

erected. 

1892  10        159          Botanical  Laboratory  erected. 

1893  12       246          Dairy  School  established. 

1894  14       290          Poultry  Department  established. 

1895  15        250          Experimental  Bldg.    and  Bacteriological 

Laboratory  erected. 

1896  16       237          lSTew  Chemical  Laboratory. 

1901  19       359          Biological      and       Physics      Laboratory 

erected;    Massey   Hall   and    Library 
donated. 

1902  22        768          Live  Stock  courses  started  and  Instruc- 

tion   Pavilion    erected;    Macdonald 
Buildings  begun. 


304  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

THE  ALUMNI  DINNER 

BY  H.  J.  CRAWFORD,  B.A. 

HETHER  the  saying  should  be  put  to  the  credit  of  political 
suavity  or  ingenuous  conviction,  it  was  very  manifest  that 
the  entire  approval  of  the  graduate  audience  attended  the  eulogy 
of  the  Toronto  press  for  its  powerful  advocacy  of  the  claims  of 
the  Provincial  University  on  public  sympathy  and  support.  And 
the  next  day's  reports  in  the  city  papers  of  this  fourth  annual 
Alumni  Dinner  served  as  an  excellent  illustration;  for  they  were 
not  merely  perfunctory  performances,  but  full,  sympathetic  and 
discriminating  records.  As  one  or  another  of  these  admirable  ac- 
counts will  have  reached  most  of  the  readers  of  the  Monthly,  it 
would  seem  fitting  in  this  summary  to  speak  of  the  "  family  gather- 
ing "  (to  use  a  title  that  was  a  favourite  during  the  evening)  in  the 
somewhat  intimate  and  comparative  way  proper  to  an  alumnus  who 
happens  to  have  attended  the  other  three  as  well.  And  this  leads 
to  the  expression  of  regret,  oft-repeated  but  apparently  unavailing, 
that  more  alumni  cannot  find  it  in  their  hearts  to  join  in  this  re- 
union, even  at  some  sacrifice. 

Last  year  a  large  committee  did  yeoman  service  in  the  endeavour 
to  reach  and  rouse  their  fellows — with  results  perceptible  but  dis- 
appointing, and  in  no  wise  commensurate  with  the  efforts  expended. 
In  this  semi-centennial  celebration,  the  absence  of  old  familiar  fares 
was  still  more  noticeable.  When  the  head  table  had  been  seated, 
and  the  call  given  for  the  men  of  before  'TO,  a  solitary  couple  re- 
sponded; some  of  the  later  years  were  quite  unrepresented;  at 
dinner  I  sat  beside  Mr.  J.  H.  Cameron,  who  could  discover  no  com- 
rade of  '85;  my  class-fellow,  Mr.  George  "VVilkie  (whose  arduous 
and  unselfish  services  as  chairman  for  the  past  two  years  are  worthy 
of  all  praise),  found  that  only  two  of  our  '88  men  had  been  present 
on  all  four  occasions;  and  so  the  tale  might  proceed.  The  class 
of  '78,  however,  headed  by  Professor  Keys,  celebrated  their  25th 
anniversary  with  the  company;  '83  were  met  elsewhere,  but  sent 
loyal  greeting. 

Certainly  it  was  a  happy  thought  to  have  the  graduating  classes 
as  guests.  And  it  was  not  merely  that  they  added  numbers;  the 
presence  at  the  tables  of  the  youthful  alumnae  lent  an  air  of  grace 
and  sprightliness  to  the  scene  that  was  as  pleasing  as  it  was  novel ; 
and  when  the  toast  list  came  on,  a  speaker  might  well  have  felt 
justified  in  "  talking  to  the  gallery."  This  notable  departure  has 
surely  set  a  precedent  for  the  attendance  of  the  alumnae  of  all 
years  at  the  Annual  Dinner. 


THE  ALUMNI  DINNER.  805- 

After  the  President  of  the  University  had  fittingly  proposed  the 
health  of  the  King,  not  alone  as  Imperator,  but  also  as  Pacificator 
and  Undergraduate  withal,  he  yielded  place  to  the  President  of  the 
Alumni  Association,  whom  all  'Varsity  graduates  delight  to 
honour. 

In  giving  the  toast  to  Alma  Mater,  Dr.  Reeve  sounded  the  pre- 
vailing note  of  the  evening — the  note  of  hopefulness  and  cheer, 
justified  by  the  liberality  of  the  Government  towards  the  "Women's 
Residence  and  Convocation  Hall  funds,  and  by  the  completion  of 
the  $50,000  contribution  by  alumni  and  friends  of  the  University. 

The  dignity  and  urbanity  of  the  Lieutenant-Governor,  his  ease 
of  address  and  the  calm  good  sense  of  his  remarks  in  response, 
deeply  impressed  his  audience.  The  lesson  he  had  for  us,  as  a 
result  of  his  observation  of  the  University  since  1859,  was  that 
pessimism  was  unwarranted.  The  strength  of  the  Medical 
Faculty  came  in  for  his  special  commendation,  as  comparison  with 
the  Scottish  universities  had  made  the  former  lack  of  this  depart- 
ment amazing  to  him,  and  the  medical  graduate  had  peculiar  op- 
portunities to  make  his  university  favourably  known  of  men.  At- 
torney-General Gibson  and  Minister  of  Education  Harcourt,  being 
alumni  members  of  the  Cabinet,  were  also  asked  for  a  declaration 
of  faith  in  their  Alma  Mater.  This  they  both  made  without  equi- 
vocation, nor,  when  they  gave  their  voice  for  one  state-aided  uni- 
versity, was  anyone  found  to  tax  them  with  a  mental  reservation 
as  to  the  Kingston  School  of  Mines.  "Any  reasonable  demands," 
asserted  the  Attorney-General,  "  will  meet  with  generous  support, 
but  there  should  be  no  flank  or  rear  movements" — an  allusion, 
enigmatic  to  some,  but  apparently  apprehended  of  many,  to  judge 
by  the  merriment  it  excited.  Mr.  Harcourt  drew  a  humorous 
picture  of  the  Minister  of  Education,  with  President  London  in 
close  attendance,  Dr.  Reeve  in  the  near  distance  ready  for  relief 
duty,  and  the  alumni  hovering  round  in  a  cloud  prepared  to  swoop 
down  in  an  emergency.  To  Dr.  Gilman  he  described  the  problem 
as  one  of  "how  to  manage  a  modern  University  on  a  mediaeval 
endowment."  The  Ministers  agreed  that  the  opinion  of  public  and 
Legislature  had  veered  in  favour  of  the  University,  attributing 
this  to  the  efforts  of  the  alumni  and  the  press.  "When  two  town- 
ships, they  related,  were  to  be  set  apart  for  the  Women's  Residence 
fund,  the  Legislature  magnanimously  made  the  number  four;  if 
the  men  wanted  a  Residence,  they  hinted,  all  they  had  to  do  was 
to  ask  for  it — after  having  raised  a  certain  amount  as  a  guarantee 
of  good  faith.  The  Chancellor,  Sir  "Wm.  Meredith,  in  proposing 
the  toast  to  "  Our  Guests,"  took  occasion  to  defend  the  officers  of 


306  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

"the  University  from  the  charge  of  excessive  zeal;  rather  had  they 
been  over-moderate. 

Sir  William  then  eulogized  the  guests  of  honour,  Dr.  Goldwin 
Smith  and  Dr.  Oilman,  the  former  for  his  culture,  his  courage,  his 
philanthropy,  his  generous  benefactions  to  the  University,  the* 
latter  as  the  foremost  educator  on  this  continent,  the  world-famed 
head  of  the  Carnegie  Institute.  When  Mr.  Goldwin  Smith  mse 
to  respond — well,  then  we  tried  to  show  the  venerable  scholar  what 
our  real  sentiments  towards  him  were.  He  heard,  he  saw,  he  un- 
derstood. He  was  pleased,  too,  as  he  delicately  intimated,  and  we 
were  pleased  that  it  was  so.  How  is  it  that  the  "  Xews  "  editorial 
phrased  it?  "There  was  a  rare  heartiness  and  spirit,  and  a  deep 
note  of  sympathy,  in  the  welcome.  It  was  a  fine  revelation  of 
democracy  in  its  higher  mood."  Let  that  stand. 

The  Professor  told  us  how  the  "  one  great  University "  idea 
originated,  spread,  was  now  partially  adopted  and  bade  fair  to  ad- 
vance yet  further,  though  there  was  "  still  a  centrifugal  force  in 
the  East."  He  spoke  of  the  advantages  of  a  Residence,  and  con- 
sidered that  more  good  than  harm  had  come  from  the  Greek-letter 
fraternities  that,  in  the  United  States,  served  somewhat  the  same 
purpose.  The  memorable  scene  of  enthusiasm  at  his  reception 
was  properly  crowned  by  a  salvo  of  cheers  for  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Smith 
at  the  close  of  his  remarks. 

Dr.  Gilman  was  very  heartily  welcomed,  and,  getting  at  once 
into  touch  with  his  hearers  by  professing  to  be  one  with  them  in 
his  admiration  of  Mr.  Goldwin  Smith,  he  further  ingratiated  him- 
self by  declaring  that  the  Toronto  men  who  came  over  to  Johns 
Hopkins,  one  and  aJl,  bore  the  stamp  of  thoroughness. 

He  would  carry  back  to  Baltimore  as  a  valuable  idea  the  plan 
of  grouping  he  noticed  in  the  buildings  of  the  University  of  To- 
ronto— in  the  centre  a  splendid  pile,  built  to  last,  with  free  space 
about  it,  and  on  the  outskirts  various  laboratories,  certain  to  re- 
quire alteration  or  demolition  as  science  advanced.  President 
Oilman  then  sketched  the  Carnegie  Institute,  with  its  endowment 
of  ten  millions,  given  not  for  the  education  of  youth,  but  for  the 
advancement  of  knowledge,  a  "University  without  buildings, 
without  a  faculty  and  without  students."  He  described  the  ap- 
portionment of  grants  among  research  assistants,  treating  the  large 
claims  of  various  investigators  with  humorous  appreciation,  but 
evident  sympathy  and  a  sure  grasp  of  the  great  problem.  Suffice 
it  to  say  that  never  was  a  more  interesting  narrative  given  at 
:an  alumni  dinner. 


THE  ALUMNI  DINNER.  807 

Professor  Ramsay  Wright,  Vice-President  of  the  University, 
toasted  the  graduating  classes  in  a  quite  original  vein  of  humour, 
and  -Mr.  A.  G.  Brown  responded  with  a  spirit  of  loyalty  and  an 
ability  to  be  expected  from  the  winner  of  two  gold  medals  and  the 
Flavelle  scholarship. 

After  a  vote  of  thanks  to  l)r.  McLennan,  secretary  of  the 
Alumni  Association,  and  to  the  dinner  committee,  composed  of 
George  Wilkie,  B.A.,  president,  John  A.  Cooper,  B.A.,  LL.B., 
secretary,  and  S.  B.  Chadsey,  B.A.Sc.,  assistant  secretary,,  the 
alumni  separated,  having  received  an  access  of  enthusiasm  for  their 
University— and  what  better  end  could  have  been  achieved? 
Floreat  Universittos  Torontonensis. 


CONVOCATION. 

BY    S.    .T.    ROKKKTSON.    B.A. 

T^HE  rain  and  wind  which  marred  Convocation  Day  for  other 
events  brought  a  welcome  coolness  to  the  large  audience 
which  had  crowded,  for  the  last  time  it  is  hoped,  into  the  Gym- 
nasium to  witness  the  conferring  of  degrees.  The  assembling  and 
robing  of  the  faculties  and  candidates  for  degrees  in  the  Main 
Building  and  their  going  in  procession  to  the  Gymnasium  was  a 
feature  of  the  proceedings  that  added  much  to  the  comfort  of  those 
taking  part.  In  spite  of  the  clamorous  elements  which  threatened 
to  tear  the  insignia  of  their  offices  from  even  the  most  distinguished, 
this  procession  was  an  impressive  sight.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that  this 
varied  and  brilliant  spectacle  will  not  vanish  from  our  lawns  when 
the  completion  of  Convocation  Hall  makes  it  no  longer  a  necessity. 

The  Chancellor,  Sir  William  Meredith,  presided,  and  the  degree 
of  LL.D.  (honoris  causa)  was  conferred  upon  nine  gentlemen,  of 
whom  three  were  unable  to  be  present,  viz.:  J.  J.  Thomson,  I).  Sc., 
F.R.S.,  professor  of  physics,  University  of  Cambridge,  England; 
Christopher  Robinson,  K.C.,  Chancellor  of  Trinity  University; 
Jas.  W.  Robertson,  Commissioner  of  Agriculture  and  Dairying  for 
the  Dominion  of  Canada. 

His  Honour  William  Mortimer  Clark,  Lieutenant-Governor  of 
Ontario,  and  Visitor  of  the  University,  was  presented  by  Dr.  John 
Hoskin,  Chairman  of  the  Board  of  Trustees,  for  the  degree  of 
LL.D.  (honoris  causa).  In  returning  thanks,  he  said  that  Dr. 
Hoskin  having  called  attention  to  the  fact  that  he  had  become 
Visitor  of  the  University,  he  wished  to  assure  the  Chancellor  that 
his  long  experience  in  the  Senate  would  make  him  a  very  sympa- 
thetic visitor  and  would  enable  him  in  sinceritv  to  mourn  as  well 


308  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY. 

as  rejoice  with  him.  He  trusted  that  the  days  of  darkness  and 
mourning  for  the  University  were  over,  and  that  the  assurances  of 
support  recently  received  from  the  Government  would  enable  all 
connected  with  the  University  to  look  forward  with  confidence  to 
the  future.  His  Honour  referred  to  the  circumstance  alluded  to 
by  Dr.  Hoskin,  that  for  23  years  he  had  been  Chairman  of  Knox 
College,  one  of  the  federated  colleges  of  the  University.  He  said 
that  he  had  used  his  influence  to  induce  the  college  to  abandon  its 
preparatory  literary  course,  and  send  all  the  students  to  the  Uni- 
versity. The  result  was  very  satisfactory,  and  he  hoped  that  the 
day  was  not  far  distant  when  all  the  students  of  Rnox  College 
would  have  a  degree  in  arts  before  entering  on  their  theological 
course.  He  looked  for  a  brilliant  future  for  the  University. 

Mr.  Goldwin  Smith  was  received  with  long  and  loud  applause 
when  he  was  presented  by  President  Loudon,  who  said :  "  Professor 
Goldwin  Smith  is  known  throughout  the  world  of  letters  as' a  dis- 
tinguished scholar,  as  a  most  distinguished  historian  and  thinker, 
and  as  one  of  the  greatest  living  masters  of  prose  writing  in  the 
English  tongue.  He  has  been  known- in  this  community  now  for 
many  years  as  a  respected  and  high-minded  citizen,  whose  counsel 
and  aid  have  been  freely  given  in  the  furtherance  of  the  public 
interest  in  every  capacity.  He  is  known  amongst  us  as  a  journalist, 
whose  fearless  expression  of  honest  convictions  has  been  an  ex- 
ample to  those  who  by  their  profession  are  the  leaders  of  public 
opinion.  He  is  known  within  these  walls  (and  his  name  will  ever 
be  cherished  with  reverence  and  affection)  as  a  trusty  friend  of  the 
Provincial  University,  whose  experience  and  sympathy  have  ever 
been  freely  given  to  those  entrusted  with  its  administration,  and 
lastly  he  has  endeared  himself  still  further  to  the  University  by 
his  wise  and  generous  benefactions.  Comparisons  would  be  out  of 
place,  but  I  may  say  in  conclusion,  that  it  is  my  conviction 
that  no  name  upon  the  roll  of  the  University  is  worthy .  of 
o-reater  honour."  Mr.  Goldwin  Smith  thanked  the  Chancellor  for 

O 

the  honour,  especially  as  it  reflected  honour  on  two  other  univer- 
sities with  which  he  was  connected,  Oxford  and  Cornell.  Still 
more  he  wished  to  return  thanks  for  the  sympathetic  reception  of 
his  name,  for  it  was  a  pleasure  to  feel  such  sunbeams  towards  the 
close  of  one's  life.  His  life  was  passed  in  literary  pursuits  and 
journalism.  He  had  done  much  that  perhaps  could  be  done  better, 
much  that  would  have  been  better  not  done.  Referring  to  the 
graduating  class,  he  said  that  doubtless  some  would  illuminate  the 
professions  with  the  culture  of  the  University.  Others  would 
follow  the  paths  of  literature  and  science.  To  these  latter  he 
wished  a  prosperous  career,  and  expressed  the  hope  that  they  would 
lead  the  world  at  this  most  critical  time  into  the  paths  of  truth. 


CONVOCATION.  309 

Daniel  Coit  Oilman,  President  of  the  Carnegie  Institute,  "Wash- 
ington, formerly  President  of  Johns  Hopkins  University,,  was  pre- 
sented by  President  London,  as  the  apostle  of  the  research  move- 
ment in  America.  Through  his  organization  of  the  Johns  Hopkins 
University  as  the  first  distinctly  research  university  in  America, 
through  his  wise  guidance  of  its  policy  for  a  quarter  of  a  century, 
through  his  own  labours  in  the  field  of  scholarship,  he  had  been 
in  strum  ental  in  creating  new  university  ideals  for  this  continent, 
and  had  exerted  an  immeasurable  influence  on  the  elevation  of -the 
standard  of  scholarship,  not  only  in  his  own  country,  but  beyond 
its  borders,  and,  the  President  said,  this  influence  had  been  especi- 
ally felt  and  appreciated  at  the  University  of  Toronto.  As 
Director  of  the  new  Carnegie  Institution  at  Washington,  with  its 
splendid  endowment,  the  sphere  of  his  usefulness  had  been  en- 
larged, and  he  was  now  in  a  position  to  aid  and  direct  the  work  of 
research  in  all  the  universities  of  the  continent.  Dr.  t  Oilman, 
in  reply,  wished  a  better  word  than  research  was  used 
for  their  work.  Were  .  they  looking  for  something  that 
\\a>  lost  or  seeking  after  truth?  He  w7ished-the  word  investiga- 
tion was  used  instead  of  research.  He  was  glad  to  see  the  research 
work  here,  for  he  had  seen  for  many  years  the  young  graduates  of 
Toronto  going  elsewThere  to  continue  their  work.  From  his  own 
•experience  with  Toronto  graduates  he  bore  testimony  not  only  to 
their  character,  but  to  their  good  foundation  for  future  work.  He 
referred  sympathetically  to  the  death  of  Dr.  Stratton  in  India, 
whose  name  ought,  he  said,  to  be  inscribed  on  the  University's 
memorial  walls.  He  congratulated  Toronto  and  Baltimore  upon 
being  foremost  in  searching  after  truth. 

Hon.  John  Morison  Gibson,  Attorney-General  of  Ontario,  was 
presented  by  X.  "W.  Hoyles,  K.C.,  LL.D.,  principal  of  the  Law 
School  of  Ontario,  who  said  that  forty  years  ago  Mr.  Gibson  had 
won  the  Prince  of  Wales'  prize,  being  first  in  classics,  moderns 
and  Orientals.  On  that  occasion  Dr.  McCaul  was  careful  to  dis- 
tinguish him  from  the  Prince  of  Wales'  prize  man  of  the  former 
year,  John  Monro  Gibson.  Mr.  Hoyles  further  referred  to  Mr. 
Gibson's  services  in  the  Legislature  and  the  militia. 

Hon.  J.  M.  Gibson,  in  contrasting  the  number  of  graduates  now 
find  forty  years  ago,  referred  to  the  presence  of  so  many  women 
graduates,  and  recalled  that  the  Minister  of  Education  had  joined 
with  him  in  the  motion  in  the  Legislature  to  open  the  doors  to 
women. 

Hon.  Richard  Harcourt,  Minister  of  Education,  was  presented 
by  Mr.  Justice  Maclaren,  who  referred  to  his  long  service  in  the 
Legislature,  and  especially  in  the  cause  of  education.  In  reply, 


310  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

Mr.  llarcourt  predicted  that  the  University  within  five  years.. 
would  have  a  growth  and  influence  far  exceeding  the  most  sanguine 
expectations  of  the  most  enthusiastic  alumnus. 

Rev.  J.  Monro  Gibson,  minister  of  St.  John's  Wood  PreshyteriaR. 
Church,  London,  Eng.,  was  presented  by  Chancellor  Bunvash  of 
Victoria,  who  congratulated  the  University  on  its  progress.  He 
rejoiced,  too,  in  the  prosperity  of  the  country,  which  was  recog- 
nized as  among  the  most  favoured  of  the  earth. 

The  esquire  bedels  were  W.  J.  O.  Malloch,  B.A.,  M.B.,  and 
E.  R.  Patterson,  B.A. 

UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO. 

ANNUAL   COMMENCEMENT.      JUNE   12TH,    1903. 

1.  Admission  to  Deyrees. 

LL.D.  (Honorix  <'<n<>«i).  His  Honour  William  Mortimer  Clark,  K.C., 
Daniel  Coit  Gilman,  the  Hon.  John  Morison  Gibson,  M.A.,  LL-.B.,  the  Hon. 
Richard  Harcourt,  M.A.,  John  Monro  Gibson,  M.A.,  D.D.,  J.  J.  Thomson, 
D.Sr.,  F.R.S.,  Christopher  Robinson,  K.C.,  James  W.  Robertson. 

Ph.D.— W.  R.  Carr,  B.A.  '96,  Emma  S.  Baker.  B.A.  '99,  Clara  C.  Benson, 
B.A.  '99,  G.  G.  Nasmith,  .B.A.,  '00. 

M.A.  (with  honours  under  the  new  statute)— J.  McG.  Young.  B.A.  '84, 
C.  McL.  Fraser,  B.A.  '98  (in  absentia),  G.  G.  Nasmith.  B.A.,  '00,  A.  L. 
Howard,  B.A.,  '01,  E.  H.  Oliver,  B.A.,  '02.  (Under  the  old  statute)— A.  L. 
Langford,  B.A.  '84,  G.  H.  Reed,  B.A.  '88,  A.  E.  Lang,  B.A.  '89.  D.  MacKar. 
B.A.  '89,  R.  S.  Hamilton,  B.A.  '90,  T.  H.  Mitchell,  B.A.  '90,  P.  J.  Rob- 
inson. BA.,  '97,  A.  C.  Hendrick,  B.A.  '97,  M.B.  '00.  Elizabeth  Allin,  B.A. 
'98,  J.  H.  Davidson.  B.A.  '98,  Viola  Gilfillan,  B.A.  '98,  Middie  Lick,  B.A.  '93, 
J.  D.  Richardson,  B.A.  '98,  G.  W.  Ross,  B.A.  '99,  Laura  M.  Mason,  B.A.  '00, 
H.  E.  Kellington,  B.A.  '01,  D.  E.  Kilgour,  B.A.  '00,  J.  L.  McPherson,  B.A.  '01, 
C.  Masters,  B.A.  01,  J.  W.  Hedley,  B.A.  '02,  W.  J.  Lougheed,  B.A. 
'02.  C.  A.  McRae,  B.A.  '02,  J.  R.  Marshall,  B.A.  '02,  W.  J.  Pike,  B.A.  '02, 
R.  M.  Stewart,  B.A.  '02. 

M.D.— T.  McCrae,  B.A.  '91,  MB.  '95  (in  absentia). 

LL.B.— M.  C.  Cameron,  B.A.  '99,  R.  S.  Waldie,  B.A.  '99,  H.  D.  Graham. 
B.A.  '00,  A.  C.  Hill,  B.A.  '00. 

M.B.— D.  A.  Sinclair,  M.A.  '00.  C.  W.  Freeman,  B.A.  '98.  W.  A.  Groves. 
B.A.  '99.  J.  R.  Parry,  B.A.  '99,  G.  W.  Ross,  B.A.  '99.  T.  W.  Walker,  B.A.  '99. 
G.  A.  Winters,  B.A.  '99,  E.  A.  Gray,  B.A.  '00,  E.  ,M.  Walker,  B.A.  '00. 

M.B.  (with  honours)— J.  A.  Oillie.  G.  E.  Wilson,  J.  Phillips,  F.  C.  Neal. 
W.  E.  Gallie,  W.  A.  Graham,  J.  L.  Biggar,  J.  D.  Leeson,  N.  D.  Buchanan. 

C.  E.  Kinster. 

M.B.— P.  Anderson,  A.  T.  Bond.  R.  S.  Brewster.  J.  V.  Brown,  T.  A. 
Carson.  K.  Colbeck,  C.  L.  Constantinides.  E.  K.  Cullen,  J.  E.  N.  De  Haitre, 
T.  B.  Edmison,  J.  Ferguson,  R.  O.  Fisher,  J.  G.  Fitzgerald.  E.  J.  Foster. 
R.  F.  Foster,  E.  V.  Frederick,  G.  E.  Greenway.  J.  H.  Hamilton,  E.  A.  P. 
Hardy,  E.  L.  Hodgins,  K.  H.  Holmes,  Mildred  J.  ^yles,  J.  G.  W.  Hunt, 
W.  B.  S.  Hunt,  R.  Ingram,  H.  C.  Jameson.  D.  S.  Johnston.  D.  P.  Kappele. 
W.  J.  Kerfoot,  D.  MacD.  King,  G.  F.  Lamb.  M.  H.  Langs,  F.  Large.  W.  K. 
Mahood,  W.  N.  Neeldrum,  T.  H.  McColl,  P.  F.  ,McCue,  A.  Mclnnis,  W.  T.  M. 
MacKinnon,  It.  P.  McLaughlin,  H.  McLean,  H.  C.  McLean.  N.  K.  MacLeod, 
W.  McTavish.  J.  M.  Park,  A.  D.  Proctor,  P.  F.  Quinlan.  J.  M.  Robb.  F  A. 
Ross.  V.  Ross,  A.  A.  J.  Simpson,  S.  Singer.  W.  E.  Somers,  N.  H.  Sutton, 

D.  J    S^-eeriPv,  H    M.  Tqrr'ngton,  W.  S.  Turnbull,  B.  Weir,  T.  D.  White, 
W.  A.  W.  Woolner,  S.  C.  Yin. 


CONVOCATION.  ail 

B.A. — C.  J.  Allen,  W.  A.  Amos,  C.  H.  Armstrong,  R.  C.  Armstrong, 
W.  J.  Baird,  F.  L.  Barber,  Rose  V.  Beatty,  H.  C.  Bell,  N.  E.  Bowles,  Lilian 
M.  Breuls,  Sadie  Bristol,  F.  W.  Broadfoot,  A.  G.  Brown,  Frances  E.  E. 
Brown,  Ruth  H.  Cameron,  Edith  Campbell,  H.  Carr,  G.  W.  Carter,  J.  F. 
Chapman,  J.  H.  Chown,  C.  E.  Clarke,  A.  Cohen,  C.  M.  Colquhoun,  W.  Cori- 
way,  Rose  N.  Cullen,  Florence  E.  Dalton,  H.  M.  Darling,  W.  H.  Day,  K.  E. 
DeLury,  Elizabeth  M.  Dickson,  R.  G.  Dingman,  Elleda  Dingwall,  W.  E. 
Dixon,  W.  G.  Doidge,  C.  Douglas,  Mary  J.  Dwyer,  Florence  M.  Eby,  L.  K. 
File,  Christina  S.  A.  Fleming,  Beatrice  L.  Fletcher,  A.  R.  Ford,  E.  Forster, 
Miss  Theo.  G.  Fortner,  Jessie  A.  Fraser,  W.  J.  Fulton,  R.  E.  Gaby,  J.  G. 
Gibson,  D.  B.  Gillies,  E.  M.  Gladney,  Effie  M.  K.  Glass,  R.  S.  Glass,  T.  W. 
Graham,  G.  H.  Gray,  W.  E.  Hendrie,  H.  D.  Hill,  A.  E.  Honeywell,  H.  L. 
Hoyles,  E.  F.  Hughes,  J.  I.  Hughes,  E.  C.  Irvine,  E.  W.  Jennings,  L.  B. 
Johnson,  E.  H.  Jolliffe,  Ruby  M.  Jolliffe,  R.  O.  Jolliffe,  D.  B.  Kennedy, 
H.  L.  Kerr,  P.  McD.  Kerr,  F.  G.  Killmaster,  W.  F.  Kingston,  Olivia  C. 
Lindsay,  W.  W.  Livingston,  I.  N.  Loeser,  J.  G.  Lorriman,  J.  D.  Loudon, 
Mary  C.  Lough,  I.  G.  Luke,  T.  J.  Meek,  F.  P.  Megan,  F.  K.  Miller,  W.  E.  C. 
Miller,  Mary  G.  Millichamp,  A.  T.  Mode,  A.  W.  Morris,  W.  Morrison,  F.  J. 
Munn,  F.  R.  Munro,  J.  W.  McBain,  Essie  L.  F.  McCutcheon,  Margaret 
McDonald,  M.  McDougall.  J.  A.  McEvoy,  Mary  L.  McGarry,  G.  A.  McGiffin, 
W.  H.  McGuire,  R.  G.  McKay,  J.  McKenzie,  Clara  B.  McLeod,  H.  M.  McNeil, 
J.  M.  McQueen,  W.  P.  Near,  C.  W.  New,  W.  Nichol,  W.  H.  Odell,  H.  W. 
O'Flynn.  H.  C.  Parsons,  Emily  G.  Pringle,  Edith  G.  Rae,  E.  R.  Read,  D.  P. 
Rees,  J.  E.  Reid.  T.  T.  Reikie,  G.  A.  Robertson,  C.  H.  Russell,  J.  L.  bchelter, 
Elizabeth  G.  Seldon,  Louretta  M.  Seldon,  W.  N.  Sexsmith,  Lillias  P.  Smith, 
W.  L.  Sprung,  Edith  Summers,  J.  W.  Sutherland,  Nettie  A.  Sutherland, 
A.  Thomas,  J.  C.  Thomson.  Andrew  Thomson,  Arthur  Thomson,  W.  M. 
Treadgold.  Mary  E.  G.  Waddell,  D.  A.  Walker,  H.  G.  Wallace,  J.  H.  Wal- 
lace, J.  L.  Watson.  C.  W.  Webb.  Evelyn  H.  Weir,  W.  ,McL.  Wilkie,  Alice  A. 
Will,  C.  J.  Wilson,  Mary  A.  Wilson,  J.  A.  Younie,  C.  W.  DeMille. 

E.E.— L.  B.  Chubbock  (in  absentia). 

B.A.Sc.— W.  G.  Chace,  S.  B.  Chadsey,  W.  Christie,  M.  T.  Culbert,  S. 
GagnS,  A.  E.  Gibson,  G.  G.  Powell,  R.  H.  Barrett.  W.  J.  Blair,  W.  P. 
Brereton,  J.  M.  Empey.  R.  Knight,  H.  D.  Robertson,  D.  Sinclair,  W.  H. 
Sutherland,  C.  M.  Teasdale,  H.  J.  Zahn. 

Paed.  D.— H.  G.  Park,  B.A.  '83. 

Paed.  B.— E.  T.  White,  B.A.  '99  (in  abaentia). 

D.D.S.— O.  G.  Hassard,  J.  A.  Cerswell,  H.  Fowler.  (Conferred  April 
30th,  1903).— E.  F.  Arnold,  F.  N.  Badgley,  E.  S.  Baker,  W.  H.  Walton 
Ball,  G.  W.  Bald,  J.  A.  Bradley,  M.  P.  Corrigan.  G.  H.  Coram.  H.  W. 
DeRenzy,  R.  O.  Dickson.  W.  V.  Dixon,  L.  Doran,  R.  L.  Dudley, 
G.  W.  Everett,  G.  A.  Fraser,  M.  H.  Garvin,  A.  E.  Heacock,  F.  G.  Hendry. 
H.  Irvine.  J.  B.  Johnston,  C.  H.  Juvet,  W.  Kennedy,  J.  W.  Kinnear,  F.  T. 
Knight.  G.  E.  Long.  M.  McC.  McGahey,  G.  E.  .McGuire,  A.  McKenty,  H.  P. 
McKenna,  W.  J.  .McMurray,  J.  P.  McLachlan.  W.  H.  Milsap,  W.  D.  N. 
Moore,  G.  F.  Moore.  G.  A.  Munros.  E.  C.  Pickard,  H.  Popplewell,  W.  G. 
Price,  H.  O.  Richardson,  H.  E.  W.  Richardson  A.  P.  Rutherford,  H.  M 
Sanderson,  J.  A.  Slade,  C.  B.  Taylor,  T.  G.  Thompson,  C.  F.  Walt.  F.  L. 
Williamson.  J.  R.  Will,  W.  G.  Wood.  T.  H.  Wylie. 

B.S.A.— F.  W.  Brodrick.  E.  G.  de  Coriolis.  B.  M.  Eftyhithes.  De  W.  T. 
Elderkin.  A.  P.  Kitchen.  L.  S.  Kliuck,  L.  U.  La  Pierre,  W.  T.  McDonald, 
L.  H.  Newman.  H.  S.  Peart.  J.  B.  Rivara.  H.  Rive,  W.  J.  Rutherford,  T.  H. 
Sharp,  F.  H.  Silcox,  B.  J.  Waters. 

Phm.B.— J.  W.  Allison,  R.  B.  Aylesworth,  W.  C.  Barrie,  J.  H.  Baxter.  J. 
K.  Brown,  A.  J.  J.  Brennan,  J.  T.  Burt-Gerans.  J.  W.  Cairns,  W.  J.  Camp- 
bell, V.  J.  Carson,  G.  H.  Challies,  W.  A.  Chisholm,  W.  L.  Clarke.  A.  L.  Cook. 
E.  J.  Doak,  A.  H.  Door.  D.  Dunlop.  F.  Edwards.  E.  E.  Featherston.  W.  D. 
Ferguson,  R.  S.  Fleury,  T.  W.  Fotheringham,  D.  H.  Fry.  F.  Graham,  H. 


-312  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

W.  Green-way,  E.  J.  Harriott,  W.  S.  R.  Holmes,  W.  S.  Harvey,  H.  M.  Hut- 
-chings,  C.  A.  Hunter,  W.  H.  Iveson,  T.  F.  Lanspeary,  A.  W.  Lawrence,  T. 
M.  Lepard,  W.  A.  Leslie,  J.  A.  Lunan,  H.  F.  Morrow,  F.  G.  Muxlow,  F.  P. 
McCarthy,  J.  F.  O'Brien,  J.  A.  Pink,  S.  B.  Pretty,  A.  H.  S.  Ritchie,  O.  E. 
Ritz,  J.  jn.  Robertson,  P.  St.  C.  Seager,  F.  B.  Shaver,  G.  F.  Stayner,  L.  L. 
.Stevenson,  N.  B.  Strong,  W.  H.  Thorn,  A.  F.  Totzke,  W.  Wright,  J.  F.  A. 
Wylie. 

jMEDALS  AND  SCHOLARSHIPS. 

FACULTY  OF  ARTS. 

Medals. 

L' Alliance  Franchise  Bronze  Medal  in  French  (First  Year),  A.  F.  B. 
Clark,  Miss  J.  C.  Laing,  Special  award. 

L'Alliance  Franchise  Bronze  Medal  in  French  (Second  Year),  Miss  P. 
A.  Magee. 

L'Alliance  Franchise  Bronze  Medal  in  French  (Third  Year),  Miss  C. 
W.  Morrish. 

L'Alliance  Franchise  Bronze  Medal  in  French  (Fourth  Year),  Miss  E. 
Summers. 

Governor-General's  Silver  Medal  (Second  Year),  H.  H.  Cragg. 

The  Brennen  Medal  in  Philosophy  (Fourth  Year),  J.  I.  Hughes. 

Governor-General's  Gold  Medal  (Fourth  Year),  A.  G.  Brown. 

Scholarships. 

FIRST  YEAK. 

The  Banker's  Scholarship,  W.  E.  (Moore. 

The  Alexander  T.  Fulton  Scholarship  in  Mathematics  and  Physics,  N. 
fi.  McLean. 

The  Alexander  T.  Fulton  Scholarship  in  Natural  Science,  S.  V.  Wilmott. 

The  Alexander  T.  Fulton  Scholarship  in  Physics  and  Chemistry,  F.  C. 
Bowman  (mention),  R.  A.  Daly  (reversion). 

The  Alexander  T.  Fulton  Scholarship  in  Chemistry  and  Mineralogy,  F. 
•C.  Bowman. 

SECOND   YEAR. 

The  John  Macdonald  Scholarship  in  Philosophy,  A.  H.  Sovereign. 

The  S.  B.  Sinclair  Prize  in  Philosophy,  A.  D.  Miller. 

The  William  Mulock  Scholarship  in  Mathematics  and  Physics,  J.  S. 
Thompson. 

The  Edward  Blake  Scholarship  in  Natural  Science,  E.  Boyd. 

The  Edward  Blake  Scholarship  in  Physics  and  Chemistry,  T.  A.  Phillips. 

The  Edward  Blake  Scholarship  in  Chemistry  and  Mineralogy,  R.  H. 
Clark,  R.  E.  Hore,  seq. 

The  Alexander  Mackenzie  Scholarship  in  Political  Science,  1,  W.  E. 
Moore;  2.  J.  J.  McCarthy. 

THIRD  YEAR. 

The  Kirschmann  Scholarship  in  Philosophy  (-for  Optics),  T.  M.  Wesley. 

The  A.  A.  A.  S.  Scholarship  in  Mathematics  and  Physics.  H.  F.  Dawes. 

The  Daniel  Wilson  Scholarship  in  Natural  Science,  Division  L,  L.  C. 
Coleman. 

The  Daniel  Wilson  Scholarship  in  Natural  Science,  Division  II.,  W.  H. 
Collins. 

The  Daniel  Wilson  Scholarship  in  Chemistry  and  Mineralogy,  G.  W. 
McKee. 

The  A.  A.  A.  S.  Scholarship  in  Physics  and  Chemistry,  S.  Dushman. 

The  Alexander  Mackenzie  Scholarships  in  Political  Science,  1,  W.  J. 
K.  Vanston;  2,  T.  B.  McQuesten. 


CONVOCATION.  313 

POST  GRADUATE. 

The  Ramsay  Scholarship  in  Political  Science,  F.  B.  Clappison. 

FACULTY  OF  MEDICINE. 

Medal*. 

Starr  Gold  Medal,  T.  McCrae. 

Faculty  Gold  Medal,  J.  A.  Oille. 

First  Faculty  Silver  Medal,  J.  Phillips. 

Second  Faculty  Silver  Medal,  S.  C.  Yin. 

Third  Faculty  Silver  ,Medal.  G.  E.  Wilson. 

Scholarships. 

First  Year— 1.  J.  H.  Holbrook;  2.  R.  J.  McMillan.  Second  Year— 1.  R. 
II.  Bonnycastle;  2.  W.  S.  Lemon. 

Post  Graduate  Scholarship. 

The  George  Brown  Memorial  Scholarship  in  Medical  Science. — For  this 
Scholarship  G.  E.  Wilson,  J.  A.  Oille,  J.  Phillips,  F.  C.  Neal,  G.  A.  Winters, 
and  W.  E.  Gallie,  ranked  in  the  order  named. 


THE  CONVOCATION  HALL  FUND. 

THE  Committee  having  in  charge  the  subscription  list  of  the 
Convocation  Hall  Fimcl  were  glad  to  announce  at  the  Annual 
Meeting  of  the  Association  that  the  minimum  amount  aimed  at, 
$50,000.  had  been  slightly  over  subscribed,  and  that  the  Govern- 
ment had  generously  undertaken  to  provide  a  further  sum  of 
$50,000.  Those  who  subscribed  upon  a  form  such  as  that  given 
below  are  reminded  that  their  subscription  is  now  valid,  and  that 
one-half  is  now  payable  to  the  Treasurer.  Cheques  and  Money 
Orders  should  be  made  payable  to  J.  C.  McLennan,  Treasurer  Con- 
vocation Hall  Fund,  and  sent  to  the  Dean's  House,  University  of 
Toronto. 

The  Committee  are  now  taking  steps  to  secure  a  site  and  to  have 
suitable  plans  prepared. 

UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  CONVOCATION  HALL  (Subscription  Form.) 

I  hereby  subscribe  $  ............  to  the  fund  for  the  erection  of  a  Convocation 

Hall  for  the  University  of  Toronto  (subject  to  the  condition  that  if  £50,  000  be  not 
subscribed  this  subscription  is  void)  one-half  payable  v.-hen  the  $50,000  is  sub- 
and  the  balance  within  one  year  thereafter. 


Name..  .  , 
Degree  and  Date 
Residence 
Date... 


3U  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

The  disposition  of  the  fund  is  shewn  by  the  following  analyses:  — 

ANALYSIS  I. 

Members  of  the  different  Faculties  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Toronto  $  7,067  50 

Graduates,  undergraduates  and  friends  of  the  Uni- 
versity resident  in  Toronto,  other  than  mem- 
bers of  the  Faculties  32,540  95 

Graduates,  undergraduates  and  friends  of  the  Uni- 
versity outside  of  Toronto  11,965  95 


Total   subscriptions    $51,57440' 

ANALYSIS  II. 

Graduates    of    the    University    of    Toronto    in    all 

Faculties    $27,35035 

Undergraduates : — 

(a)  Arts  '03 . .  .3^5 

'04 821 

'05 '....903 

'06 692 

$3,051  00 

(b)  Medicine  '03 $189 

'04 85 

'00 510 

'06 321 

Nu    Sigma    Nu    150 

$1,255  00 

(c)  Applied  Science  '03   $170 

'04 260 

'05 295 

'06. 300 

$1,025  00 

(d)  Harmonic  Club    50  00 

(e)  Pharmacy 10  00 

5,391  00 

Friends  of  the  University    other    than    graduates 

and   undergraduates    18,813  05 


Total  subscriptions $51,574  401 

SUBSCRIPTIONS  BY  YEARS  IN  ARTS  AND  MEDICINE. 

1854   $2500     1872       S  300  00 

1856    500     1873    7,22000 

1857    150  00      1874   400  00 

1858    25  00     1875   60  00 

1859   200  00     1876   545  00 

1860   225  00     1877    95  00 

1861   5500      1878    1,12000 

1862    530  00      1879   425  00 

1863    390  00      1880 735  00 

1864   75  00     1881    260  00 

1865    120  00     1882   905  00 

1866 460  00      1883   455  00 

1867 55  00      1884    630  00 

1868    100  00     1885 360  00 

1869    3500     1886    85500 

1870   295  00      1887    593  00 

1871    170  00      1888    .  500  00 


CONVOCATION  HALL  FUND.  315 

1889    $736  00      1898 §392  00 

1890   260  00     1899    565  00 

1891    332  00      1900   . 311  00 

1892    1,080  00     1001   101  00 

1893    710  00      1902    324  35 

•    1894    467  00     1903    816  00 

1895    .".  .   576  00      1904    906  00 

1896    385  00      1905    1,413  00 

1897   273  50      1906    1,013  00 

The  following  subscriptions  have    been  received  since  May  1st.: 

N.  P.  Buckingham,  B.A Boissevain,  Man $  10  00 

George  D.  Porter.  M.B Toronto    25  00 

Proceeds   of   Saturday   Lectures,   1901- 1902-1903    (additional)    99  75 

S.  King,  B.A.  (additional)    Toronto   25  '00 

R.  D.   Coutts.  B.A Georgetown,  Ont 10  00 

Rev.  M.  P.  Tailing,  B.A Toronto    5  00 

J.  S.  Willison   Toronto   100  00 

John  ,McMillan,  B.A Ottawa  50  00 

E.  V.  Neelands,  B.A.Sc Lindsay   10  00 

Louis  B.  Stewart  Toronto   10  00 

James  W.  Bain    Toronto   10  00 

Professor  J.  J.  MacKenzie  Toronto   100  00 

T.  G.  Blackstock,  B.A Toronto 100  00 

J.  C.  Fields,  Ph.D Toronto   150  00 

R.   Millichamp    Toronto   200  00 

J.  R.  L.  Starr,  B.A Toronto   10  00 

L.  E.  Embree,  M.A Toronto   50  00 

F.  H.  Torrington,  Mus.  Doc Toronto   50  00 

H.  C.  Cox  Toronto    100  00 

Hon.  Richard  Harcourt  Toronto   50  00 

James  P.  MacGregor,  B.A.   Toronto  5  00 

W.  S.  Dakin,  M.A.,  M.B Gait,    Ont 5  00 

Sylvester  Moyer,  D.D.S Gait,    Ont 5  00 

J.  H.  Radford,  M.B Gait,  Ont 10  00 

John  R.  Blake,  B.A Gait.  Ont 10  00 

W.  J.  Motz,  B.A Berlin,  Ont 5  00 

J.  E.  Hett,  M.B Berlin.   Ont 5  00 

John  McGillawee,  B.A.,  M.B Berlin,  Ont 10  00 

L.  R.  Clarke,  Phm.B Berlin,  Ont 5  00 

D.  J.  Minchin,  M.B Berlin,  Ont 10  00 

J.  A.  Scellen,  B.A '. . .  Berlin,  Ont 5  00 

M.  A.  Cram Berlin,  Ont 5  00 

Albert  E.  Rudell,  D.D.S Berlin,  Ont 5  00 

H.  J.   Sims.  LL.B Berlin,  Ont 10  00 

His   Honour  Judge  Chisholm,   LL.B.  .  Berlin,  Ont 25  00 

W.  S.  McKay,  D.D.S Gait,  Ont 5  00 

T.  F.  Campbell,  D.D.S ' .  Gait,  Ont 1  00 

Rev.  W.  E.  Pescott,  B.A Gait,  Ont.    5  00 

J.  M.  Cameron,  M.D.,  C.M Gait,    Ont 10  00 

H.   F.   MacKendrick.   M.B Gait,    Ont 10  00 

Thomas  Carscadden,  M.A Gait,    Ont 1000 

Daniel  Buchanan,  M.B Gait,  Ont.    5  00 

,Miss  J.  W.  Carter,  B.A Gait,  Ont 5  00 

R.   Mclntyre,   M.D Hespeler,  Ont 10  00 

Anthony  Ochs.  M.B Hespeler.  Ont 10  00 

A.  N.  W.  Clare,  B.A Preston,    Ont 10  00 

Nelson  Mulloy,  M.D Preston,  Ont 5  00 

Dr.  J.  A.  Robertson   Stratford,  Ont 25  00 


316  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

Duncan  Ferguson   Stratford.  Ont S  10  00 

M.  C.  Moderwell,  B.A Stratford,  Ont 10  00 

Wm.  J.  McKay,  B.A Stratford,  Ont 10  00 

J.  P.  Rankin,  M.B Stratford,  Ont 10  00 

George  McLagan  Stratford,  Ont 10  00 

J.  C.  .Makins   Stratford,  Ont 10  00  , 

Duncan  Stewart  Stratford,  Ont 10  00 

Dr.  J.  R.  Bothwell    Stratford,  Ont.    5  00 

Angus   Smith,   O.L.S Stratford,  Ont 5  00 

John  Idington,  LL.B Stratford,  Ont 50  00 

J.  A.  Davidson,  B.A Stratford,  Ont 10  00 

J.  H.  Gordon  Stratford,  Ont 10  00 

George  H.  Douglas   Stratford,   Ont 25  00 

C.  A.  Mayberry,  B.A.,  LL.B Stratford,   Ont 5  00 

H.  S.  Robertson,  B.A Stratford,   Ont 10  00 

T.  H.  Lennox,  B.A Stratford,   Ont 5  00 

A.  Stevenson,  B.A Stratford,   Ont 5  00 

Miss  M.  D.  Keagey  Dundas,  Ont 5  00 

R.  A.  Whattam    Picton,    Ont 5  00 

W.  J.  Wagner,  M.B Toronto   20  00 

R.    S.    Hamilton,   B.A Gait,  Ont 10  00 

G.  H.  Levy,  B.A.,  LL.B Hamilton,  Ont 25  00 

H.  B.  Witton,  B.A , Hamilton,    Ont ..-'..  100  00 

Melrose  G.  Gould,  B.A.,  LL.B Hamilton,  Ont 10  00 

H.  Carpenter,  B.A Hamilton,    Ont 20  00 

W.  H.  Ballard.  M.A Hamilton.  Ont 50  00 

D.  A.  Glassey,  B.A St.  Mary's,  Ont.    10  00 

R.  H.  Walks.  B.A Whitby,  Ont 5  00 

Rev.  Wm.  J.  Knox,  M.A Strathroy,  Ont 10  00 

Miss  Margaret  Cook,  M.A Strathroy,  Ont 5  00 

Charles  Auld,  B.A Strathroy,  Ont 5  00 

J.  E.  Wetherell.  M.A Strathroy,    Ont 10  00 

Chester  Abbott,  D.D.S London,  Ont 5  00 

James  C.  Duffleld   London,   Ont 25  00 

W.  C.  Ferguson,  B.A London,  Ont 20  00 

W.  M.  Govenlock,  B.A London,    Ont 5  00 

J.  M.  Little  London,    Ont 100  00 

J.  McCool.  B.A London,  Ont 5  00 

S.   B.   McCready,  B.A London,  Ont 5  00 

A.  McVicar,  B.A London,  Ont 5  00 

S.  J.  Radcliffe,  B.A London,  Ont 10  00 

F.  P.  Riddell,  B.A London,  Ont 10  00 

Jared  Vining,  B.A London,  Ont 10  00 

•G.  A.  Bentley.  D.D.S London,  Ont 5  00 

O.  I.  Cunningham,  D.D.S London,  Ont 5  00 

W.   T.   Mooney.  B.A London,  Ont 5  00 

L.  McDonald,  L.D.S London,  Ont 5  00 

Clement  Windsor,  D.D.S London,  Ont 5  00 

Fred  H.  Bell,  B.A. Windsor,  Ont 5  00 

Alex.  Bartlet,  B.A Windsor,  Ont 20  00 

>Miss  I.  S.  Butterworth,  B.A Windsor,  Ont.   , 10  00 

Edmund  A.  Cleary,  B.A Windsor,  Ont 10  00 

Miss  Norah  Cleary,  B.A Windsor,  Ont 10  00 

W.  S.  Cody,  B.A Windsor,  Ont 10  00 

G.  R.  Cruikshank,  B.A..  M.D Windsor,  Ont 10  00 

T\  D.  Davis,  B.A Windsor,  Ont 10  00 

James  Gow,  M.B Windsor,  Ont 20  00 

Mrs.  Home.  B.A Windsor,  Ont 10  00 

Mrs.  LaBelle   . \ Windsor,  Ont 5  00 

W.  Revell,  D.D.S.  .               Windsor,  Ont 5  00 


CONVOCATION  HALL  FUND.  317 

H.  H.  Sanderson,  M.B Windsor,  Ont $   10  00 

R.  F.  Sutherland,  M.P Windsor,    Ont 5  00 

J.  G.  Taylor,  B.A Windsor,  Ont 10  '00 

Rev.  J.  C.  Tolmie,  B.A Windsor,  Ont.   10  00 

J.  P.  Messmore,  B.A Windsor,  Ont.   5  00 

E.  S.  Wigle,  B.A Windsor,  Ont 20  00 

Miss  M.  M.  Slater.  B.A Niagara  Falls,  Ont 10  00 

Miss  M.  I.  Northway,  B.A Toronto   10  00 

H.  B.  Roaf,  M.B Liverpool,  England 10  00 

J.   A.   McVannel,  Ph.D New  York,  N.Y 100  00 

R.  D.  Douglass,  B.A New  York,  N.Y 100  00 

H.   P.  Hill,  B.A. Ottawa,   Ont 10  00 

A.  W.  Anderson,  B.A Toronto  10  00 

V.  Cronyn,  LL.B London,    Ont 25  00 

A.  L.  McCredie,  B.A Milberta,  Ont 5  00 

L.  H.  Alexander,  A.M , . . .  Stratford,  Ont 5  00 

W.  G.  Armstrong,  M.A Ottawa,   Ont 5  00 

H.  A.  Burbidge,  B.A.,  LL.B Ottawa,   Ont 5  00 

C.  J.  R.  Bethune,  B.A.,  LL.B Ottawa,   Ont 20  00 

A.  K.  Blackadar,  (M.A Ottawa,   Ont 20  00 

J.   T.   Blyth,   B.A Ottawa,  Ont 5  00 

T.  C.  Boville,  B.A Ottawa,  Ont 25  00 

W.  H.  Boyd,  B.A.Sc Ottawa,   Ont 20  00 

T.  E.  Brown,  B.A Ottawa,   Ont 10  00 

D.  A.  Campbell,  B.A Ottawa,   Ont 5  00 

J.  Ogle  Carss.  B.A Ottawa,   Ont 5  00 

R.  H.  Coats,  B.A Ottawa,   Ont.    10  00 

O.  E.  Culbert,  B.A Ottawa,  Ont 5  00 

P.  W.  Currie,  B.A Ottawa,   Ont 10  00 

H.  Fisher,  B.A.,  LL.B Ottawa',  Ont.    10  00 

W.  Fitzgerald,  M.A Ottawa,  Ont 20  00 

H.  Fletcher,  B.A Ottawa,   Ont 10  00 

W.  A.  Graham,  B.A Ottawa,  Ont 5  00 

W.  T.  Green,  B.A.  (additional)  Ottawa,  Ont 5  00 

A.  B.  Hudson,  B.A Ottawa,  Ont 10  00 

J.  B.  Hunter,  B.A Ottawa,   Ont 5  00 

Jos.  Keele,  B.A.Sc Ottawa,   Ont 20  00 

C.  Frank  King  Ottawa,   Ont 20  00 

F.  A.   Magee,  B.A Ottawa,   Ont 5  00 

A.  F.  May,  B.A Ottawa,   Ont 10  00 

F.  A.  McDiarmid,  B.A.  (additional)   .  .  Ottawa,   Ont 10  00 

A.  H.  McDougall,  B.A Ottawa,   Ont 40  00 

D.  J.  McDougal    Ottawa,  Ont 5  00 

J.  P.  McLaren,  B.A Ottawa,   Ont.    10  00 

George  McLaurin,  B.A.,  LL.B Ottawa,  Ont.    10  00 

D.  H.  McLean,  B.A Ottawa,  Ont.    10  00 

J.  .McLeish,  B.A Ottawa,  Ont.    20  00 

T.  S.  Nash   Ottawa,   Ont.    10  00 

Miss  M.  A.  Northwood,  B.A Ottawa,   Ont.    10  00 

J.  R.  Osborne.  B.A Ottawa,  Ont 5  00 

Horace  A.  Pratt,  B.A Ottawa,  Ont 10  00- 

Frank  B.  Proctor,  B.A Ottawa,  Ont 10*  00 

Wm.  F.  Ratz  Ottawa,  Ont 10'  00 

H.   B.   Sims    Ottawa,  Ont 5  00 

C.  C.  Smith,  B.A Ottawa,   Ont 15  Oa 

A.   G.  Stacey,  B.A Ottawa,  Ont 5  00 

R.  M.  Stewart,  B.A.  (additional)   Ottawa,  Ont 10  00 

W.  J.  Sykes,  B.A Ottawa,   Ont 5  '00 

W.  M.  Tobey,  B.A Ottawa,   Ont 15  00 

F.  G.  Wait,  M.A Ottawa,  Ont 10  00 


318  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 

W.  H.  Walker,  B.A Ottawa.  Ont g  10  00 

A.   De  Guerre,  B.A Gait,  Ont 10  00 

Miss  E.  M.  Hinch,  B.A Winnipeg,    Man 500 

Alex.   MacGregor,   B.A.,  'LL.B Toronto 10  GO 

Miss  M.   Lick,  B.A Durham,   Ont 500 

(Miss  M.   M.   Stovel,  B.A Detroit,  Mich 10  00 

Ed.  Morrison Orillia,  Ont 10  00 

Wm.  Cook,  B.A Toronto   25  00 

D.  D.  Mann  Toronto    5,000  00 

W.  H.  T.  Megill,  B.A Ottawa,  Ont 20  00 

Rev.   A.  L.   Burch,  B.A Rossland,  B.C 5  00 

Timothy  Eaton    Toronto  1,000  00 

C.  S.  Gzowski  Toronto   250  00 

W.  F.  Maclean.  B.A Toronto  100  00 

Rev.  F.  C.  Harper,  B.A Toronto  10  00 

G.  Chambers,  B.A.,  M.B Toronto   50  00 

F.  R.  Eccles,  M.D London,  Ont 5  00 

J.   S.  Wardlaw,  M.D Gait,  Ont 10  00 

W.  M.  McClemont.  LL.B Hamilton,  Ont 5  00 

Miss  L.  |M.  Hamilton,  B.A Toronto 20  00 

A.  McGill,  B.A Ottawa,  Ont.    15  00 

A.  F.  B.  Clark   Toronto  15  00 

W.  J.  Moran,  B.A.,  LL.B Rat  Portage,  Ont 25  00 

Miss  R.  E.  Jackson,  B.A.   Toronto 5  00 

P.  W.  Saunders,  B.A.,  M.B Toronto 10  00 

F.  T.  Shutt,  M.A Ottawa,   Ont 20  00 

C.  S.  Gzowski  (additional)   Toronto  250  00 

W.  R.  Alway.  M.B Everett,    Ont 10  00 

Miss  E.  S.  Baker,  B.A Sackville,  N.B 10  00 

Miss  F.  E.  Kirkwood,  B.A Seaforth,  Ont. 10  00 

Hon.  S.  C.  Biggs,  B.A.,  K.C Toronto    25  00 

Professor   J.    G.    Hume: Toronto   100  00 

Thos.  Hepburn,  B.A Preston,  Ont 20  00 

T.  D.  Delamere,  M.A.,  K.C. Toronto   25  00 

Alex.  Nairn   Toronto   200  00 

Messrs.  Barber  &  Ellis  Toronto  500  00 

;Miss  W.  Muirhead,  B.A Toronto   10  00 

J.  M.  Warren,  B.A Brampton,   Ont 5  00 

Professor  and  Mrs.  Goldwin  Smith  (ad- 
ditional)     Toronto    5,000  00 

W.  H.  Moore,  B.A Toronto  50  00 

W.  F.  Carpenter,  B.A Ivy,    Ont 5  00 

Conrad    Bitzer.    B.A Berlin,    Ont 10  00 

G.  H.  Burnham.  M.D.,  F.R.C.S Toronto  60  00 

Rev.  J.  R.  S.  Boyd,  B.A Fouchou,  China 5  00 

Miss    M.    E.    T.    Addison,    B.A.    (addi- 
tional)     Lindsay,   Ont 5  00 

J.  T.  Duncan,  M.B.    (additional) Toronto    5  00 

James  H.  Coyne,  B.A • .  St.  Thomas,  Ont 50  00 

G.  Boyd,  B.A.,  M.B Toronto   15  00 

Rev.  I.  O.  Stringer,  B.A Toronto  5  00 

Rev.  Father  J.  R.  Teefy,  M. A.,  LL.D..  Toronto    2500 

Professor  J.  B.  Reynolds  Guelph,   Ont 15  00 

Mrs.  Secord,  B.A Ingersoll,   Ont 2  00 

W.  J.  O.  Malloch,  B.A.,  M.B Toronto   10  00 


TOKONTOKENSIA. 


319 


TOEONTONENSIA. 


UNIVERSITY   OF   TORONTO 

MONTHLY. 

ADDRESS  ALL  COMMUNICATIONS  FOR 
PUBLICATION  TO  THE  SECRETARY,  UNI- 
VERSITY OF  TORONTO. 

Published  monthly,   October— June. 
Subscription    $1,00    a    year,  single    copies 

15  cts. 

All  subscriptions  are  credited  October- 
June. 

EDITORIAL   COMMITTEE. 

I.  H.  CAMERON,  M.B.,  Chairman. 

J.  C.  MCLENNAN,  Ph.D.,  Secretary. 

J.  MCGREGOR  YOUNG,  M.A. ;  J.  SQUAIR, 
B.A.;  T.  R.ROSEBRUGH,  M.A.;  C.C.  JAMES, 
M.A. ;  W.  PAKEN-HAM,  B.A.;  H.  J.  CRAW- 
FORD, B.A.;  HAROLD  CLARK, D.D.S.;  RET. 
J.  NEIL,  B.A.;  J.  S.  CARSTAIRS.  B.A. 

J.  HOME  CAMERON,  M.A.,  Managing 
Editor. 

R.  J.  HAMILTON,  B.A.,  Advertising 
Manager. 


THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  ALUMNI 
ASSOCIATION  :  LOCAL  ORGANIZATIONS. 

GENERAL  ASSOCIATION.  —  President, 
DR.  R.  A.  REEVE,  Toronto.  Secretary, 
J  C.  MCLENNAN,  Ph.  D.,  Dean's  House, 
University  of  Toronto. 

ALBERTA. — President,  C.  A.  STUART, 
B.  A.,  LL.B.  Secretary,  D.  P.  BoYCE,  B.  A . 

ALGOMA,  DISTRICT  OF.  —  President, 
A.  B.  WILLMOTT,  M.A.,  Sault  Ste.  Marie, 
Ont.;  Secretary-Treasurer,  LESLIE  A. 
GREEN,  B.A.,  Sault  Ste.  Marie,  Ont 

BRANT  COUNTY.  —  President,  A.  J. 
WILKES,  LL.B.,  K.C.,  Brantford,  Ont.; 
Secretary.  R.  M.  SQUIRE,  B.A.  Sc..,  C.E., 
Brantford,  Ont. 

BRITISH  COLUMBIA. — President,  REV. 
R.  WHITTINGTON,  M.A..  B.Sc.,  Vancou- 
ver. B.C. ;  Secretary,  F.  G.  LUCAS,  B.A., 
Vancouver,  B.C. 

ELGIN  COUNTY,  ONT.— President,  J.  H. 
COYNE,  B.A.,  St.  Thomas.  Secretary,  S. 
SILCOX,  B.A.,  D.  Paed.,  St,  Thomas. 

FRONTENAC  COUNTY.  — Secretary -Treas- 
urer, E.  O.  SLITER,  M.A.,  Kingston,  Ont. 

GREY  AND  BRUCE.  —  President,  A.  G. 
McKAY,  B.A.,  Owen  Sound,  Ont. 
Secretary,  W.  D.  FERRIS,  M.B.,  Shallow 
Lake,  Ont. 

HASTINGS  COUNTY. — President,  LT.- 
COL.  W-  N.  PONTON,  M.A.,  Belleville. 
Secretary,  J.  T.  LUTON,  B.A.,  Belleville. 

HURON  COUNTY.  —  President,  WM. 
GUNN,  M.D.,  Clinton,  Ont.  Secretary- 
Treasurer,  CHAS.  GARROW,  B.A.,  LL.B., 
Goderich,  Ont. 


KENT  COUNTY.  —  President,  D.  S. 
PATTERSON,  B.A.,  Chatham,  Ont  Sec- 
retary, Miss  GRACE  MCDONALD,  B.A., 
Chatham,  Ont. 

LENNOX  AND  ADDINGTON  COUNTIES. — 
President,  H.  M.  DEROCHB,  B.A.,  K.C., 
Napanee.  Secretary-Treasurer,  U.  J. 
FLACK,  M.A.,  Napanee. 

LINCOLN  COUNTY.— President,  JOHN 
HENDERSON,  M.A.,  St.  Cauiarines. 
Secretary-Treasurer,  G.  B.  BURSON,  B.A., 
St.  Catharines. 

MIDDLESEX  COUNTY.— President,  TAL- 
BOT  MACBETH,  B.A.,  K.C.,  London. 
Secretary-Treasurer,  F.  E.  PBRRIN,  B.A., 
London. 

MONT  REAL. -President,  REV.  JOHN  SCRIM 
GER,  M.A.,  Montreal.  Secretary,  E.  H. 
COOPER,  B.A.,  Montreal. 

OTTAWA. — President,  J.  C.  GLASHAN. 
M  A.,LL.D.,  Ottawa.  Secretary-Treasurer, 
J.  O.  CARSS,  B.A.,  Ottawa 

OXFORD—  President,  I.  M.  LEVAN,  B.A., 
Woodstock.  Secretary,  V.  A.  SINCLAIR. 
B.A.,  Tilsonhurg. 

PERTH  COUNTY,  ONT.— President,  C.  J. 
MCGREGOR,  M.A.,  Stratford,  Ont. 
Secretary-Treasurer,  C.  A.  MAYBERRY, 
B.A.,  LL.B.,  Stratford,  Ont. 

PETERBOROUGH  COUNTY.  —  President, 
D.  W.  DUMBLE,  B.A.,  E.G.,  Peterborough. 
Secretary-Treasurer,  A.  STEVENSON,  B.A., 
Peterborough. 

PRINCE  EDWARD  COUNTY. — President, 
M.  CURRIE,  B.A.,  M.B.,  Picton. 

SIMCOE  COUNTY.— President,  DONALD 
Ross,  B.A.,  LL.B.,  Barrie,  Ont;  Secre- 
tary-Treasurer, A.  F.  HUNTER,  M.A., 
Barrio1,  Ont 

VICTORIA  COUNTY. — President,  J.  C. 
HARSTONE,  B.A.,  Lindsay,  Ont.  Secre- 
tary-Treasurer, Miss  E.  G.  FLAVELLE, 
B.A.,  Lindsay,  Ont 

WATERLOO  COUNTY. — President,  His 
HONOUR  JUDGE  CHISHOLM,  Berlin,  Ont 
Secretary-Treasurer,  REV.  W.  A.  BRAD- 
LEY, B.A.,  Berlin,  Ont. 

WELLINGTON  COUNTY,  ONT.  —  Presi- 
dent, WM.  TYTLER,  B.A.,  Guelph,  Ont. 
Secretary-Treasurer,  B.  L.  McKiNNON, 
B.A.,  LL.B.,  Guelph,  Ont. 

WENTWORTH  COUNTY  GRADUATES' 
ASSOCIATION. — President,  H.  S.  BREXNEN, 
B.A.,  Hamilton,  Ont.  Secretary- 
Treasurer,  J.  T.  CRAWFORD,  B.A.,  Ham- 
ilton, Ont. 

NEW  YORK  CITY. — President,  G.  H.  Ling, 
Ph.  D.,  New  York.  Secretary  Treasurer, 
J.  A.  MacVannel,  Ph.  D.,  New  York. 


320 


UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 


The   Alumnae    Reception. 

The  annual  reception  tendered  by 
the  Alumnae  Association  of  University 
College  to  the  women  of  the  graduat- 
ing class  was  held  on  the  afternoon  of 
June  11  in  the  Faculty  Union  rooms. 
Owing  to  the  fact  that  the  "  Comedy 
ct'  Errors  "  was  being  presented  simul- 
taneously on  the  lawn  in  front  of  the 
Dean's  house,  guests  were  invited  to 
enter  by  the  quadrangle  door.  Be- 
tween fifty  and  sixty  graduates  and 
members  of  the  graduating  class  as- 
sembled, being  received  by  Miss  Salter 
and  the  president  of  the  Association; 
and  special  gratification  was  felt  at 
the  presence  of  the  Principal  of  the 
College,  whose  effective  aid  to  the 
Women's  Residence  movement  is  thor- 
oughly appreciated  by  the  College  wo- 
men, and  of  Dr.  McLennan,  to  whose 
kindness  the  alumnae  owed  the  use  of 
the  Faculty  Union  rooms,  both  at  this 
time  and  on  the  occasion  of  their  re- 
ception to  the  members  of  the  Nation- 
al Council  of  Women  in  May.  Before 
leaving  each  member  of  the  graduat- 
ing class  received  the  greetings  of  the 
Alumnae  Association,  accompanied  by 
white  flowers  tied  with  the  college 
colours. 


The    Garden    Party   of   June    12th. 

Since  nature  was  unkind,  the  garden 
party,  arranged  for  Friday  afternoon, 
was  of  necessity  converted  into  an  in- 
door reception.  This  was,  of  course,  a 
disappointment  as  the  garden  party 
after  Convocation  is  looked  forward 
to  as  a  pleasant  opportunity  for  the 
new-made  graduates  to  bid  farewell  to 
college  intimates,  and  meet  professors 
and  lecturers  on  the  new  footing  to 
which  the  completion  of  their  four  or 
five  years  of  hard  work  entitles  them. 

The  East  Hall  of  the  Main  Building 
had  been  arranged  for  the  reception, 
and  there  the  Chancellor  and  Lady 
Meredith  welcomed  the  guests.  Ths 
room  was  soon  filled  by  those  who  had 
come  across  from  the  Gymnasium, 
where  the  degrees  had  been  con- 
ferred. The  women  graduates  were 
conspicuous  in  their  white  dresses  as 
they  received  warm  congratulations 
from  everyone.  Just  as  hearty  con- 
gratulations were  being  showered  on 
the  men.  Professors  and  lecturers 


were  seen  in  different  parts  of  the 
room  giving  their  good  wishes,  and 
showing  that  kindly  interest  which  is 
truly  appreciated  by  the  graduate 
about  to  leave  his  Alma  ,Mater. 

Many  of  the  professors  and  their 
wives  were  present,  in  spite  of  the 
rain,  and  one  was  particularly  glad  to 
see  also,  so  many  of  the  men,  whom 
the  University  has  received  as  gradu- 
ates honoris  causa.  The  music  in  the 
rotunda  soon  attracted  many  from  the 
crowded  hall,  and  friends  found  it 
easier  to  meet  and  talk  in  the  less 
crowded  corridors;  but  by  six  o'clock 
most  of  the  guests  were  leaving,  many 
to  meet  again,  however,  in  the  even- 
ing at  the  alumni  dinner. 


Commencement     Exercises     of     the 
Class    of    1903,   Arts. 

The  special  celebration  undertaken 
by  the  graduating  class  in  Arts  formed 
a  new  feature  of  Convocation  week 
this  year.  For  some  time  it  had  been 
generally  felt  that  Convocation  might 
very  well  be  made  much  more  attrac- 
tive both  to  University  men  and  to 
the  general  public.  Convocation  pre- 
sents a  splendid  opportunity  of  arous- 
ing general  interest  in  the  University 
of  Toronto  by  showing  its  fine  build- 
ings and  beautiful  grounds  under  the 
most  advantageous  conditions,  and 
giving  a  glimpse  of  the  social  life  that 
pervades  it.  To  this  end  the  Alumni 
Association  has  been  successfully 
working  during  the  past  year;  and  it 
was  with  this  aim  in  view  that  '03 
Arts  endeavoured  this  year  to  make 
Convocation  week  more  interesting  by 
carrying  out  a  special  programme  of 
year  functions  in  addition  to  those 
provided  by  the  Alumni  Association. 
This  programme  was  as  follows:  A  re- 
union of  the  class  and  their  friends  on 
the  evening  of  Wednesday,  June  10th, 
class  games  to  be  held  on  the  campus 
on  the  morning  of  the  llth;  and  the 
planting  of  a  memorial  tree  on  the 
morning  of  the  12th. 

The  chief  difficulty  in  arranging  the 
celebration  was  the  fact  that  the  great 
majority  of  the  students  leave  town 
immediately  after  the  examinations 
are  over  and  many  do  not  return  for 
Convocation.  A  special  effort,  how- 
ever, was  made  to  secure  the  return 
of  a  larger  number  than  usual  this 


TOROXTOXEXSIA. 


321 


year,  and  the  drawback  was  to  some 
extent  overcome. 

The  reunion  was  held  in  University 
College  in  the  East  and  West  Halls. 
The  first  part  of  the  programme  con- 
sisted of  music  and  class  exercises  in 
the  west  hall.  Mr.  H.  M.  Darling,  '03. 
played  a  piano  solo,  and  ,Mr.  C.  E. 
Clarke,  '03,  and  Miss  McMurtry  con- 
tributed songs.  Mr.  G.  A.  Atkinson 
was  the  accompanist.  A  class  history 
was  read  by  Mr.  J.  G.  Lorriman,  03, 
and  a  valedictory  by  Miss  R.  Joliffe, 
'03.  This  programme  was  enjoyed  by 
a  large  number  consisting  of  several 
members  of  the  faculty  and  their 
wives,  many  members  of  the  year, 
some  undergraduates,  and  other 
tiiends  of  '03.  After  this  concert  pro- 
grammes were  distributed  for  a  pro- 
menade and  dance.  The  east  hall  was 
reserved  for  dancing,  and  the  wes, 
hall  and  corridor  for  promenading. 
An  orchestra  nrnished  music,  and  re- 
freshments were  provided  in  the 
Ladies'  Reading  room.  Thus  the  re- 
mainder of  the  evening  was  spent  most 
enjoyably,  and  all  agreed  that  this  fea- 
ture at  least  of  the  programme  was  an 
unqualified  snecce°p. 

Rain  on  Thursday  morning  prevent- 
ed the  holding  of  the  class  <rames,  but 
an  impromptu  reception  held  in  the 
Undprjrradnrm  s  Unijn  fo~meJ  a  veiy 
good  substitute. 

On  Friday  morning  the  memorial 
tree  was  planted.  An  mispicious  spot 
had  previously  been  selected  by  the 
class  augurs  assisted  by  the  University 
authorities  and  the  head  gardener. 
The  class  formed  in  the  "  Qua  1.  ' 
First  in  the  procession  came  the 
Worthy  Bearers  of  the  Tree,  carrying 
a  young  elm;  then  followed  the  High 
and  Mighty  Diggers  with  the  Spade; 
the  High  Grand  Sachem  of  the  Tree 
Planting,  the  Most  Fair  Carriers  of 
the  Watering  Can,  the  Wonderful 
Wielders  of  the  Hoe,  the  Mighty  Offi- 
ciator  with  the  Pruning  Knife,  and  the 
Chief  Precentor  of  the  Tree  Planting. 
The  lay  members  of  the  class  followed. 
The  train  singing  "  We're  going  to 
win  the  Mulock  Cup,"  "  The  Girls  of 
Naughty-Three  are  the  best  Compa- 
nee,"  "  Ototoi,"  etc.,  wended  their  way 
by  a  circuitous  route  to  the  neighbor- 
hood of  the  east  gate.  There  with 
fitting  solemnity  the  tree  was  planted 


sci  that  in  the  words  of  the  High 
Grand  Sachem,  ''  It  might  grow,  anJ 
wax  strong,  and  bring  forth  fruit, 
peaches  and  strawberries,  pears,  pine 
apples,  and  luscious  rhubarb,  and  be  a 
memorial  to  the  year  forever."  Thus 
ended  the  last  of  the  special  class  cele 
brations. 

A.  Grant 


Knox   College. 

The  graduates  of  Knox  College  this 
year  who  have  already  accepted 
charges  are  as  follows: 

H.  E.  Abraham,  B.A.  '99,  Port  Hope, 
Ont. 

F.  W.  Anderson,  B.A.  '99,  M.A.,  Win- 

i.ipeg.   Man.   (assistant  Knox  church). 

•  D.   J.    Davidson,   B.A.    '01,   who   has 

been   accepted  for  missions  in   India, 

is  not  yet  gone  to  his  field. 

R.  S.  Laidlaw,  B.A.  '00.  Woodstock, 
Cnt.  (assistant  Knox  church). 

R.  J.  Wilson,  B.A.  '00,  M.A.,  Van- 
couver. B.C. 

W.  G.  Wilson,  B.A.  '00,  M.A.,  Smith's 
Falls,  Ont. 


Wycliffe  College. 

The  graduates  of  Wycliffe  College 
this  year  will  be  situated  as  follows: 
W.  E.  Taylor,  B.A.  '01,  ,M.A.,  Lecturer 
in  Wycliffe  College. 

R.  M.  Millman,  B.A.  '00,  M.A.,  Mas- 
ter in  Ridley  College.  St.  Catharines. 

Charles  Masters,  B.A.  '01,  M.A.,  As- 
sistant Minister  of  St.  James'  church, 
Kingston. 

R.  S.  Wilkinson.  Rector  of  Amher?t 
Island,  near  Kingston. 

W.  T.  Hallam,  M.A.,  who  still  has 
one  year  to  complete  his  theological 
studies,  will  be  ordained  Deacon,  and 
during  the  summer  be  assistant  to 
Rev.  C.  H.  Marsh  in  Lindsay. 

The  following  students  are  taking 
mission  work  in  the  diocese  of  To- 
ronto: Messrs.  Mclntyre,  Carrie, 
Trumpour,  and  Raymond.  Mr. 
Perry  in  the  diocese  of  Niagara; 
Mr.  Beverley  in  Algoma,  at  Silver- 
water,  Manitoulin  Island.  ,Messrs. 
Murphy.  Burch,  Marcus  Jackson, 
Jones.  Mullen.  Hull,  Fawcett,  Gibson, 
McElheran.  Grobb,  Willis  James,  are 
taking  summer  work  in  the  diocese  of 
Rupert's  Land.  Mr.  W.  H.  Vance  m 


322 


UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY 


the  diocese  of  Qu'Appelle:  Mr.  Bant- 
ing in  the  diocese  of  British  Columbia; 
Mr.  Smith  in  the  diocese  of  Frederic- 
ton;  Mr.  Purdie,  Mr.  Johnston  and  Mr. 
Leo  Haslam  in  the  diocese  of  Nova 
Scotia.  Other  students  are  spending 
the  summer  at  home. 

The  undergraduates  recently  pre- 
sented to  the  chapel  of  Wycliffe  Col- 
lege a  handsome  brass  lectern. 


Alumni  in  California. 

The  preliminary  organization  of  the 
graduates  and  undergraduates  of  the 
University  of  Toronto  resident  in  Cali- 
fornia was  effected  at  the  Stewart 
hotel.  San  Francisco.  March  27±h.  A 
banquet  was  held  at  which  there  were 
present  W.  H.  Alexander,  '99.  classical 
master  in  the  Berkeley  High  School; 
J.  H.  McDonald,  '95,  of  the  Mathemati- 
cal Department  of  the  University  of 
California;  J.  B.  McCallum,  '96,  Uni- 
versity of  California;  W.  W.  Madge. 
'80,  Oakland,  Cal.;  B.  M.  Aikins,  '88, 
attorney-at-law,  San  Francisco;  C.  D. 
Allin,  '98,  department  of  Economics, 
Stanford  University;  J.  W.  Henderson, 
'89,  attorney-at-law.  San  Francisco;  C. 
G.  Paterson,  '96.  Presbyterian  minis- 
•ter,  Cortre  Madera;  A.  A.  Lawson,  '96, 
of  the  department  of  Botany,  Stanford 
University;  A.  C.  Lawson,  '83,  Profes- 
sor of  Geology,  University  of  Cali- 
fornia ;  Dr.  Herbert  Boyes,  dentist, 
San  Francisco  ;  and  S.  J.  McLean, 
'94,  Stanford  University.  Letters  of 
regret  at  inability  to  attend  were 
received  from  W.  Lawson,  S.P.S., 
Alvarado.  Cal.;  J.  H.  McHaffie,  Phm. 
B.,  Oakland;  Dr.  A.-C.  Bowerman.  '76, 
Brentwood,  Cal.;  Dr.  F.  H.  Moss,  '92, 
Palo  Alto,  Cal.;  and  Dr.  C.  L.  Mc- 
Cracken,  '81,  Pascadero,  Cal.  An  in- 
teresting feature  was  the  statement  in 
the  letter  of  Dr.  Bowerman,  '76,  that 
his  sole  'Varsity  souvenir  was  a  pho-. 
tograph  of  the  late  Professor  Croft. 
After  dinner  there  were  informal  re- 
miniscences of  old  days  at  'Varsity, 
given  by  those  present.  It  was  de- 
cided that  an  executive  committee 
composed  of  A.  C.  Lawson,  '83;  J.  W. 
Henderson,  '89;  and  S.  J.  McLean,  '94, 
should  be  appointed.  An  attempt  will 
be  made  to  get  in  touch  with  the  sixty 
graduates  and  undergraduates  of  'Var- 
rsity  resident  in  California.  The  ques- 


tion of  a  contribution  to  the  Convo- 
cation Hall  will  also  be  taken  up. 
After  sending  greetings  to  President 
Loudon,  a  number  of  'Varsity  songs 
and  the  'Varsity  cheer  were  given  with 
a  vim,  and  in  accordance  with  the 
wish  expressed  by  Dr.  Bowerman  in 
his  letter  of  regret,  the  meeting  broke 
up  with  "  God  Save  the  King." 

8.  J.  McLean,  '!>>,. 


Alumni   Publications. 

Francis  R.  Seattle,  Ph.D.,  D.D., 
Louisville,  Ky.,  "  Presbyterian  Educa- 
tional Work  in  Kentucky." 

F.  H.  Wallace,  M.A.,  D.D.,  Dean  of 
the  Faculty  of  Theology,  Victoria 
University,  "  The  Interpretation  of  the 
Apocalypse." 

S.  B.  Sinclair,  B.A.  '89,  M.A.,  Ph.D., 
Vice-Principal  Normal  School,  Ottawa, 
"  The  Possibility  of  a  Science  of  Edu- 
cation." 


The  Boundary  Post. 

Through  the  kindness  of  W.  F.  King, 
B.A.  '75,  Astronomer  Royal,  the  Alum- 
ni Association  came  into  possession 
of  one  of  the  iron  posts  formerly  used 
to  mark  the  boundary  between  the 
Province  of  Quebec  and  the  United 
States,  and  it  was  presented  to  the'Uni- 
versity  at  noon  on  Convocation  Day. 
It  has  been  placed  in  the  eastern  por- 
tion of  the  grounds  immediately  north 
of  the  library  building  and  is  an  inter- 
esting addition  to  the  historical  col- 
lection owned  by  the  University. 
President  Loudon  made  a  very  happy 
reference  to  the  absence  of  boundaries 
in  the  republic  of  letters  and  the  world 
of  science  when  accepting  the  gift  on 
behalf  of  the  University. 


Reunion  of  the  Class  of   '96, 
Medicine. 

A  reunion  of  the  Merlical  graduates 
of  1896  was  held  at  McConkey's  on  the 
evening  of  June  12th.  Those  present 
were  Drs. Webster,  Crawford.Ten  Eyck, 
Macdonald,  Nixon,  and  Cooper  of  To- 
ronto; Dr.  Sutherland,  Embro;  Dr. 
Colville,  Bowmanville;  Dr.  McNichol. 
Hamilton  ;  Dr.  Garner,  Fenwick. 
Letters  of  regret  were  received  from 
many  of  the  absent  members.  Those 
present  spent  a  most  enjoyable  even- 


TORONTONEXSIA. 


323 


ing  and  an  excellent  banquet  was  par- 
taken of.  The  revival  of  memories  of 
college  days  and  happy  and  humorous 
incidents  contributed  to  the  pleasure 
of  the  evening. 


Reunion  of  the  Class  of   '83,  Arts. 

The  dinner  of  the  graduating  class 
of  1883  to  commemorate  the  twentieth 
year  of  their  graduation  was  held  at 
the  King  Edward  Hotel  on  Friday 
night,  June  the  12th,  and  was  in  every 
respect  an  unqualified  success.  Those 
present  were  Rev.  J.  L.  Campbell  of 
St.  David's,  Rev.  A.  M.  Haig  of  Smith- 
ville,  Ont.,  Rev.  Professor  Wrong  and 
Professor  Squair  of  University  College. 
Professor  N.  C.  James  of  Western 
University,  Professor  J.  C.  Robertson 
of  Victoria  College,  Dr.  W.  Scott  of 
Peterborough,  Dr.  Fotheringham  of 
Toronto.  W.  S.  Cody,  B.A.,  of  Windsor. 
Dr.  Crichton  of  Castleton,  Ambrose 
De  Duerre,  B.A.,  of  Gait,  Alex.  Eraser, 
B.A.,  of  Niagara  Falls.  Lyman  Lee, 
B.A.,  of  Hamilton.  F.  E.  O'Flynn,  B.A., 
of  Belleville,  H.  C.  Park  and  W.  S. 
Ormiston,  B.A..  of  Uxbridge,  Dr.  James 
Stoddart  of  Buffalo,  A.  W.  Wright, 
B.A.,  of  Mount  Forest,  and  Edmund 
Bristol,  B.A.,  H.  Hartley  Dewart,  K.C.. 
A.  M.  Denovan,  B.A..  H.  H.  Kilmer, 
B.A.,  A.  F.  Lobb.  B.A.,  Geo.  Ross, 
B.A.,  John  Watt,  B.A..  and  R.  C.  Don- 
ald, B.A.,  of  Toronto. 

Edmund  Bristol  was  unanimously 
elected  to  the  chair.  There  were  only 
four  toasts,  viz..  '*  The  King."  "  Can- 
ada," proposed  by  Mr.  Fraser  and  re- 
sponded to  by  Mr.  Dewart.  "  Our 
Alma  Mater,"  proposed  by  Professor 
James  and  responded  to  by  Professor 
Squair,  and  "  The  Class  of  1883,"  pro- 
posed by  the  Chairman  and  responded 
to  by  everybody.  The  speeches  were 
short  and  pithy,  and  coming  as  they 
did  from  professors,  clergymen, doctors, 
lawyers  and  business  men,  were  enter- 
taining in  the  highest  degree.  All, 
however,  voiced  the  sentiment  of  the 
class  that  an  organized  effort  should 
be  made  in  the  way  of  founding  a 
scholarship,  or  contributing  some  sub- 
stantial sum  towards  a  University 
Residence  in  order  to  specially  mark 
the  memorable  occasion.  A  committee 
was  struck  to  carry  out  this  purpose 
consisting  of  Mr.  Bristol,  Chairman, 
Mr.  Ross,  Treasurer.  Mr.  Donald.  Sec- 
retary, and  Messrs.  Fraser,  O'Flynn 


and  Lee.  It  was  further  decided  that 
the  year  should  in  the  future  meet 
every  five  years,  instead  of  ten,  so 
that  the  men  could  keep  in  closer 
touch  with  one  another.  The  Secre- 
tary, Mr.  Donald,  read  letters  from 
many  of  the  absentee  members  of 
the  year,  including  Rev.  C.  W.  Gordon 
(Ralph  Connor).  Rev.  J.  L.  Campbell 
of  New  York,  C.  P.  Smith  of  Toronto 
and  others,  all  breathing  the  most 
loyal  sentiment  towards  the  Univer- 
sity. A  message  was  sent  to  the 
Chairman  of  the  General  Alumni  As- 
sociation dinner  being  held  in  the 
Gymnasium  at  the  same  time. 


Faculty  of  Arts. 

Class  of  lSt>!>   (Concluded}. 

J.  R.  PH.TTV.  B.A.,  is  a  etn.lpnt  in  the 
Medical  Faculty  of  the  University  of 

Toronto. R.    H.    Paterson,    B.A..    is 

in  the  office  of  Messrs.  Jones,  Mac- 
kenzie &  Leonard,  barristers,  18  To- 
ronto St.,  Toronto. Miss  A.  W.  Pat- 
terson. B.A.,  is  assistant  to  the  Regis- 
trar, University  of  Toronto,  Toronto. 

—  J.  S.  Jfjaskett,  B.A.,  mechanical 
enem^er,  Univer«itv  of  Toronto, 
has  received  an  appointment  in  Ot- 
tawa.  Mrs.  R.  W.  Craw.  B.A.  (Miss- 

E.    D.    Plewes),    is    living   at   Vernon, 

B.C. E.   G.   Powell.   B.A.,  is  on  the 

staff    of    Bishop    Ridley    College.   St. 

Catharines,    Ont.   A.   J.    Poynter. 

B.A.,   is   living  at    Cherrywood.     Ont. 

W.  Rea.  B.A.,  is  at  Leadbury,  Ont. 

J.  T.  Richardson,  B.A..  is  a  bar- 
rister, and  a  member  of  me  firm  of 
Messrs.  Coatsworth  &  Richardson. 

312  Temple  Bldg.,  Toronto. Rev.  E. 

G.  Robb,  M.A.,  Presbyterian  clergy- 
man at  Sandon,  B.C.,  has  been  ap- 
pointed to  a  mission  station  in  Honan, 

China. Miss   M.   Robinson.    B.A.,   is 

on  the  staff  of  the  Forestry  Branch. 

Department  of  Interior,  Ottawa. G. 

W.   Ross,   M.A.,   resides  at  1   Elmsley 

PI.,    Toronto. T.    A.    Russell,    B.A.. 

is  secretary  of  the  Canada  Cycle  and 
Motor  Co.,  and  resides  at  14  Gren- 

ville    St..    Toronto. W.    A.    Sadler. 

B.A..     is     a     barrister    and     solicitor. 

235     Yonge     St.,     Toronto.  Miss 

E.  M.  Sealey,  B.A..  is  a  teacher  in 
the  (Model  School  Toronto.  -  -  D.  A. 
Sinclair,  M.A.,  resides  at  1  Kensing- 
ton Ave..  Toronto.  W.  Smeaton. 

B.A..  is  a  teacher  in  the  high  school 
in  Iroquois.  Ont. F.  R.  Smith.  B.A., 


324 


UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY. 


i=  taking  post-graduate  work  at  the 
School  of  Practical  Science,  Toronto. 

— Mrs.  E.  H.  Henderson  (Miss  M.  A. 
Smith),  B.A.,  is  residing  at  Sault  Ste. 

Marie.  Ont. A.  E.  Snell,  B.A.,  M.B.. 

is   house   surgeon   at   Grace   Hospital, 

Toronto. W.  A.  Stratton,  B.A.,  is  a 

clerk  in  the  Bank  of  Toronto,  Lon- 
don, Ont. M.  V.  Tait,  M.A.,  resides 

in  Claremont,  Ont. R.  Tegler,  B.A. 

is  at  Walkerton,  Ont.  Miss  I.  L. 

Tennant,  B.A.,  is  a  teacher  in  the  pub- 
lic school  at  West  Toronto  Jet.,  and 
resides  at  76  Spadina  Ave.,  Toronto. 

— Miss  J.  Thomas.  B.A.,  is  on  the 
staff  of  Jarvis  St.  Collegiate  Institute, 
Toronto. R.  B.  Thomson.  B.A.,  re- 
sides at  34  Henry  St..  Toronto. Miss 

M.  N.  Trenaman.  B.A..  is  a  teacher  in 

the  high  school,  Aurora,  Ont. W.  W. 

A.  Trench,  B. A.,  is  a  teacher  in  Union- 

ville,    Ont. Miss    M.    F.   L.    Turner, 

B.A..    is    living   in    Detroit.    Mich. • 

G.  W.  Umphrey,  B.A..  A.M.  (Harvard), 

is  a  teacher  at  Whitby.  Ont. R.  S. 

Waldie,  B.A.,  is  on  the  staff  of  Messrs. 
Laidlaw,  Kappele  &  Bicknell,  barris- 
ters. 34  Wellington  St.  E..  Toronto. — 
E.  T.  White,  B.A.,  is  a  teacher  at  Pem- 
broke. Ont.  -  -  D.  Whyte,  B.A.,  is 
Science  Master  in  the  Collegiate  In- 
stitute. Owen  Sound,  Ont.  G.  E. 

Will,    B.A.,    is   a   teacher   at   Niagara 

Falls,  Ont. C.  L.  Willis,  B.A.,  is  at 

Seaforth,  Ont. Miss  H.  S.  Woolver- 

ton.  B.A.,  is  on  the  staff  of  St.  Luke's 

Hospital,  New  York,  N.Y. Miss  T. 

Wooster.    B.A.,    is    a    teacher    at    St. 

Margaret's    College.    Toronto. J.    S. 

Wren,   B.A..   is  a  teacher   at  Dundas. 

Ont. Mrs.  A.  W.  Briggs,  B.A.  (Miss 

D.  F.  Wright)  resides  at  51  Grenville 
St.,  Toronto. 

The  addresses  of  the  following  are 
unknown: 

William  A.  Bain.  B.A. Robert  K. 

Steele,    B.A. Walter    H.    Williams. 

B.A. 


Faculty    of    Arts,    Victoria. 

Class  of  1875. 

Rev.  James  Allan,  M.A.,  is  a  Metho- 
dist clergyman   at   Saulte   Ste.   Marie, 

Ont. G.    W.    Andrews.    B.A.,    is    In 

Wyoming,  Ont. F.  W.  Barrett.  M.A., 

is  secretary  of  the  Luxfer  Prism  Co., 
and  resides  at  49  (Madison  Ave..  To- 
ronto.    George  Beavers.  B.A.,  re- 
sides at  155  Cumberland  St.,  Toronto. 


— W.  Blair,  B.A.,  is  living  at  Mimico. 

Ont. T.  T.  H.  Bray,  M.A..  resides 

at  Boonville,  Miss.  -  -  G.  J.  Douse, 

B.A.,  is  living  at  Lefroy,  Ont. C. 

W.  Harrison,  M.A.,  is  at  Grimsby. 

Ont. R.  B.  Hare,  B.A.  (ob.). J. 

S  Jamieson.  M.A.,  is  in  Morrisburg, 

Ont. J.  Morrow,  B.A.,  is  living  in 

^Yinnipeg,  Man.  -  -  T.  W.  McVety, 
M.A..  B.D.,  is  living  in  Kankakee,  111. 

Rev.  J.  S.  Ross,  M.A.,  D.D.,  is  a 

.Methodist  clergyman  in  Walkerton, 

Ont. W.  E.  Tilley,  M.A.,  is  at  Bow- 

manville,  Ont.  G.  C.  Workman, 

M.A.,  B.D..  Ph.D.  (Leip.),  was  profes- 
sor in  Victoria  University,  1882-1892. 
His  address  is  39  St.  Mary  St.,  To- 
ronto.  J.  W.  Wright,  M.A.,  Is  liv- 
ing in  Picton,  Ont. 

The  address  of  the  following  is  un- 
known. 

George  Edgecumbe,  B.A. 


Faculty   of   Medicine. 

Class  of  1880. 

F.  H.  S.  Ames,  M.B.,  M.D.,  is  a  phy- 
sician in  Denver,  Col.- — -J.  Anderson, 
M.B.,  M.D.,  is  a  physician  in  Hamilton, 
Gnt. W.  Beattie,  M.B.,  is  a  physi- 
cian in  Wiarton,  Ont. F.  Bentley, 

M.B.    (ob.). L.   Bentley,   M.B..   is   a 

thysician  residing  at  470  College  St., 

Toronto,  Ont. G.  Bowman,  M.B.,  is 

a  physician  in  Penetanguishene,  On". 

—P.  H.  Bryce,  B.A.  '76.  M.A..  M.B., 
M.D.  is  Secretary  of  the  Provincial 

Board  of  Health. A.  W.  Campbell, 

M.D.,   is   a   physician   residing   at   240 

Wabash    Ave..    Chicago.    111. G.    H. 

Clemens.    M.B.,    M.D.,    is    a    physician 

at  1326  King  St.  West,  Toronto. L. 

R.      Clemens,     M.B.     (ob.). W.  J. 

Cross,    M.B.,    M.D.,    is   a   physician   in 

Horesham,    Viet.,     Australia. J.   F. 

Dickson,  M.B.,  M.D.,  is  a  physician. 
Oregonian  Bldg.,  Portland.  Oregon. 
J.  Ellis,  M.B.  (ob.). Jv  Fergu- 
son. B.A.  '80,  M.A.,  M.B.,  M.D.,  is  a 
practising  physician  residing  at  264 

College    St.,    Toronto. A.    Fisher, 

M.B.    (ob.).— J.    I.    Glendinning.    M.B., 
is  a  physician  in  Streetsville,  Ont. — 
T.  N.  Greer,  M.B.,  M.D.,  is  a  physician 
m  Peterborough,  Ont. W.  E.  Ham- 
ill,    M.D.,    is    a    physician.    88  Yonge 

St.,    Toronto. E.    F.    Hatton,    M.B., 

is    a     physician     in     Grenada,    W.  I. 

D.     S.     Hoig,    M.B.,     M.D.,     is     a 

physician  at  Oshawa,  Ont.  J.  B. 


TOKONTONENSIA. 


325 


Hunter,  M.D.  (ob.)  F.  B.  Lundy, 

M.B..  is  a  physician  in  Portage  'a 

Prairie,  Man. M.  Martin,  M.B.,  is 

a  physician  in  Grandview,  P.E.I. 

H.  Meikle,  M.D.,  is  a  surgeon  in  the 

English  Navy. G.  L.  Milne,  M.D.,  is 

a  physician  in  Victoria.  B.C. W.  A. 

Munro,  M.B..  is  a  physician  in  Newing- 

ton,  Ont. L.  Munro,  M.D.  (ob.). 

C.  .McDonald,  M.B..  M.D.  (ob.). N. 

McKechnie,  M.B.,  M.D.  (ob.). J. 

McWilliam,  M.B.,  is  a  physician  in 

Thamesford,  Ont. R.  McWilliam. 

M.B.,  is  a  physician  in  Drayton,  Ont. 

— R.  Patterson,  M.B.,  is  a  physician 

in  Barnesville,  Minn. J.  M.  Piper, 

M.D.,  is  a  physician  residing  at  117 

Wortley  Rd..  London.  Ont. J.  H. 

Radford.  M.D.,  C.M.,  is  a  physician  in 

Gait,  Ont. J.  E.  Shaw,  M.B.,  is  a 

physician  in  Keene.  Ont.  -  -  L.  E. 
Shepherd,  M.D.,  is  a  physician  in  St. 

Thomas.  Or.  H.  Smith,  M.  D., 

<.'.M..  is  a  physician  residing  at  92 

College  St.,  Toronto. H.  W. 

Smith,  M.B.,  is  a  physician  in  Carsou- 

ville,  Mich. W.  R.  W.  Sutherland, 

M.D..  is  a  physician  in  Winnipeg,  Man. 

— G.  B.  Thompson,  M.B..  M.D.,  is  a 

physician  in  Winthrop.  la. C.  M. 

Thuresson,  M.B.,  is  a  physician  in  An- 

caster,  Ont. H.  Watt,  M.D.,  C.M.,  is 

a  physician  in  Fort  Steele,  B.C. A. 

B.  Welford,  M.B.,  is  a  physician  in 

Woodstock,  Ont. J.  V.  White.  M.D.. 

is  a  physician  in  Au  Sable,  Mich. 

R.  Wilson,  ,M.B.  (ob.). 

The  addresses  of  the  following  are 

unknown. — J.  I.  Clendenning,  M.D. 

J.  Galbraith,  ,M.D. 0.  J.  Gordon, 

M.D. J.  E.  Graham,  M.D. J.  R. 

McCarroll.  M.D. 


Personals. 

O.  H.  McMichael,  B.A.  '91,  resides  in 
Wheeler,  Ind. 

W.  H.  Hamilton.  B.A.  '02.  resides  at 
701  North  3rd  St.,  Grand  Forks.  N.D. 

W.  J.  Glanfield,  B.A.  '99,  M.A.,  has 
removed  from  Jarvis  to  Chesley.  Ont. 

G.  S.  Stockton,  M.D.  '87,  is  a  prac- 
tising physician  in  Denver,  Idaho. 

R.  T.  Andrews,  B.A.  '94,  resides  at 
Paisley,  Ont. 

R.  O.  Jolliffe,  B.A.  '97.  has  removed 
from  Picton  to  Owen  Sound,  Ont. 

H.  E.  Wilson,  B.A.  '92,  formerly  of 
Guelph,  Ont.,  has  removed  to  461  Han- 
cock St..  Brooklyn. 


Rev.  F.  Langford.  B.A.  '89,  has  beeii 
appointed  license  inspector  at  Calgary. 
Alta. 

D.  S.    Lighthall,    M.B.    '01,    has    re- 
moved from  Picton  to  North  Augusta. 
Ont. 

E.  Mullins,  S.P.S.,  is  on  the  staff  of 
the  Baldwin  Locomotive  Works,  Phil- 
adelphia. 

F.  A.  McDiarmid,  B.A.  '02,  who  has 
been    in    British    Columbia    with    Dr 
Klotz,  has  returned  to  Ottawa. 

J.  Stoddart,  B.A.  '83,  is  a  physician 
practising  at  770  Elmwood  Ave  Buf- 
falo, N.Y. 

J.  E.  Lehmann,  M.B.  '93,  is  return- 
ing to  Orillia,  Ont.,  from  England  this 
month. 

S.  B.  Leacock,  B.A.  '91.  has  received 
the  Ph.D.  degree  from  the  University 
of  Chicago. 

Rev.  George  Arnold,  B.A.  '96.  is 
pastor  of  Knox  Church,  Portage-la- 
Prairie,  Man. 

J.  Wilson  Cunningham,  B.A.  '00,  is 
Dews  editor  of  the  Daily  News,  Portage- 
la-Prairie,  Man. 

J.  A.  Furse,  B.A.  '01,  is  principal  of 
the  Soo  Business  College,  Sault  Ste. 
Marie,  Ont. 

Rev.  R.  J.  M.  Perkins,  B.A.  '98, 
M.A..  is  an  Anglican  clergyman  in 
Exeter,  Ont. 

A.  W.  Anderson,  B.A.  '98,  is  on  the 
staff  of  the  Canada  Law  Book  Com- 
pany, Toronto. 

John  A.'  McAndrew,  B.A.  '81,  has 
been  appointed  Registrar  of  the  Court 
of  Appeal  for  Ontario. 

J.  W.  Mallon,  B.A.  '90.  LL.B.  '92, 
has  been  appointed  Inspector  of  Legnl 
Offices. 

G.  F.  McFarlane,  B.A.  '02,  and  J.  G. 
Gibson,    B.A.   '03,    are    spending    the 
summer  in  Europe. 

Miss  C.  Addison,  Mus.  B.  '99,  resides 
at  513  Markham  St.,  Toronto,  where 
she  has  her  studio. 

Harold  Fisher,  B.A.  '99,  LL.B..  is  a 
member  of  the  law  firm  of  Murphy  & 
Fisher,  Ottawa. 

J.  A.  Roberts.  M.B.  '98,  is  in  the  en- 
joyment of  a  fellowship  in  King's  Hos- 
pital, London,  England. 

W.  A.  Hare.  B.A.Sc.  '99,  A.Mem. Can. 
Soc.  C.  E.".  has  removed  from  Joliette, 
111.,  to  Johnstown.  Pa. 

W.  D.  LeSueur,  B.A.  '63,  has  removed 
from  32  Fort  St.,  Montreal,  to  88  Ma> 
laren  St.,  Ottawa. 


3-26 


W.  H.  Moore,  B.A.  '94,  has  been  ap- 
pointed assistant  to  President  ?JLac- 
kenzie  of  the  Toronto  Railway  Co. 

D.  F.  Robertson,  S.P.S.  '03,  is  en- 
gaged in  railway  construction  on  the 
Rock  Island  system  near  De  Vail 
Bluff,  Arks. 

Alexander  MacGregor,  B:A.  '98, 
LL.B.  '01,  has  been  appointed  Judg- 
nrent  Clerk,  Central  Office  of  the  High 
Court  of  Justice. 

Among  the  well-known  graduates 
present  at  the  Convocation  proceed- 
ings were  Mrs.  McVannell,  B.A.  '93, 
G.  H.  Ling,  B.A.  :93,  Ph.D.;  Mies  M.  L. 
Uoliertf=on.B.A.  '94;  T.  McCrae,  B.A.  '91, 
M.I).  '03.  v 

D.  R.  Keys,  B.A.  '78,  M.A.  '89,  Lec- 
turer in  English  and  Anglo  Saxon,  has 
been  appointed  Assistant  Professor  of 
Anglo  Saxon  in  University  College. 

Charles  A.  Webster,  B.A.  '85,  M.B. 
'91,  who  has  been  professor  in  the 
Syrian  Protestant  College,  Beyrout,  is 
on  a  six-months'  furlough  in  Canada. 

Miss  ,M.  C.  St.  George  Yarwood,  B.A. 
'CO,  has  resigned  her  position  at 
Waterman  Hall,  Sycamoe,  111.,  and  is 
at  her  home  in  Belleville,  Ont. 

The  University  Council  of  Columbia 
University,  New  York,  has  awarded  a 
fellowship  of  the  value  of  $650  to  R. 
B.  Page,  B.A.  '97,  M.A. 

W.  B.  Wilkinson,  B.A.  '90,  has  re- 
moved from  Waterford,  Ont.,  to  To- 
ronto, and  has  a  position  in  the  Par- 
liament Buildings,  Toronto. 

Hugh  Munroe,  B.A.  '98,  was  ordained 
and  inducted  into  the  charge  of  the 
Presbyterian  church  in  Bowmanville, 
Ont,  on  the  8th  inst. 

Arthur  Meighen,  B.A.  '96,  who  was 
called  to  the  bar  at  Manitoba  a  short 
time  ago,  is  practising  law  in  Portage- 
la-Prairie,  Man. 

A  special  convocation  conferred  the 
degree  of  LL.D.  upon  Sir  Alex.  Mac- 
kenzie, the  celebrated  English  com- 
poser, on  April  13th. 

R.  W.  Woodroofe,  B.A.  '02.  curate  of. 
the  Memorial  Church,  London,  Ont., 
has  been  offered  the  assistant-rector- 
ship of  St.  Paul's  Church,  Halifax, 
N.S. 

An  apparatus  capable  of  sending 
messages  over  short  distances  has 
been  presented  to  the  University  by 
the  Canadian  de  Forest  Wireless  Tele- 
graphy. 

W.  E.  Burns,  B.A.  '95,  Vancouver. 
B.C.,  was  given  a  banquet  by  his 


bachelor  friends  recently  on  the  occa- 
sion of  his  leaving  for  the  East  to  be 
married. 

Archibald  McMurchy,  B.A.  '61,  M.A., 
J.  C.  McMurchy,  B.A.  '98,  and  Miss 
Helen  McMurchy,  Jti.B.  '00,  M.D.,  have 
lemoved  from  Sherbourne  St.  to  133 
Bloor  St.  East. 

R.  A.  Brunt,  B.A.  '97,  who  was  form- 
erly science  master  in  the  High  School 
at  Oakville,  Ont.,  is  now  on  the 
chemical  staff  of  the  Wallaceburg 
Beet  Sugar  Refinery. 

R.  T.  Anderson,  student  at  Victoria 
University,  who  was  doing  work  in 
the  University  biological  station  at 
Go  Home  Bay.  Muskoka,  was  drowned 
on  the  15th  of  June. 

A.  E.  Shipley,  B.A.Sc.  '98,  who  is  on 
the  staff  of  the  United  Coke  and  Gas 
Co.,  has  recently  removed  from  the 
New  York  city  office  to  the  Camden, 
N.J.,  office  of  the  company. 

Miss  E.  ,M.  Duckett.  B.A.  '99,  who 
has  spent  the  past  winter  in  Paris, 
and  the  previous  two  years  in  Leipzig, 
is  expected  to  return  to  her  home  in 
Eurlington,  Out.,  this  summer. 

Oskar  Klotz,  M.B.  '02,  recently  senior 
house  surgeon  in  the  County  of  Carle- 
ton  General  Hospital,  Ottawa,  has  been 
appointed  Medical  Superintendent  to 
the  Ottawa  Isolation  Hospital. 

G.  A.  Hackney,  B.A.  '01,  who  has 
been  in  Manitoba  for  the  past  year, 
has  taken  charge  of  a  mission  at  Ab- 
botsford,  B.C.  He  intends  to  return 
to  Knox  College  in  the  autumn. 

George  Young,  B.A.  '96,  is  principal 
of  the  collegiate  institute  at  Portage- 
la-Prairie,  Man.  Mr.  Young  teaches 
Classics  and  English  and  the  Science 
department  is  in  charge  of  A.  C.  Camp- 
bell, B.A.  '00. 

J.  E.  McAllister.  B.A.Sc.,  has  re- 
moved from  the  Tennessee  Copper  Co., 
Copper  Hill,  Polk  Co.,  Tenn.,  and  is 
now  smelter  superintendent  of  the 
British  Columbia  Copper  Co.,  Limited, 
Greenwood,  B.C. 

The  following  graduates  were  re- 
cently ordained  to  the  ministry  of  the 
Methodist  Church  :  E.  M.  Burwash, 
B.A.  '93,  M.A.;  Rev.  A.  Newton  St. 
John,  B.A.  '00';  F.  L.  Farewell,  B.A. 
'00;  H.  E.  Wellwood,  B.A.  '99. 

George  W.  Orton,  B.A.  '93.  Ph.D., 
T»ho  is  a  member  of  the  faculty  of  the 
Episcopal  Academy,  is  one  of  three 
teachers  who  are  establishing  a  Boys' 


TOEONTONENSIA. 


327 


Summer  School  at  Camp  Tecumseh, 
Lake  Winnepesaukee. 

Satisfaction  has  been  expressed  at 
the  appointment  of  the  Hon.  Geo.  A. 
Cox  to  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the 
University  of  Toronto  to  fill  the  vac- 
ancy occasioned  "by  the  death  of  the 
late  Hon.  A.  T.  Wood  of  Hamilton, 
Ont. 

H.  Rushton  Fairclough,  B.A.  '83, 
M.A.,  Ph.D.,  has  returned  to  London 
after  an  archaeological  tour  through 
Greece  with  Professor  Ernest  Gardner 
of  the  University  of  London.  They 
went  East  as  far  as  Troy  and  Ephesus 
and  as  far  south  as  Crete. 

Miss  M.  Downing,  B.A.  '02,  who  held 
for  the  current  academic  year  the 
position  of  second  assistant  in  the 
Psychological  Laboratory  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Toronto,  has  accepted  the 
I  osition  of  assistant  to  Dr.  Leuba, 
Professor  of  Psychology  at  Bryn  Mawr 
College,  Pa. 

N.  W.  DeWitt,  B.A.  '99,  senior  fel- 
low in  Latin  at  the  University  of  Chi- 
cago, has  had  the  honour  to  secure 
one  of  the  five  competitive  scholar- 
ships offered  by  the  Archaeological  In- 
stitute of  America.  This  will  enable 
Mr.  De  Witt  to  spend  a  year  abroad  111 
classical  study. 

G.  W.  Umphrey,  B.A.  '99,  A.M.  (Har- 
vard), has  been  awarded  a  Townsend 
scholarship  in  Romance  Languages  at 
Harvard  University,  with  a  stipend  of 
$250  a  year.  Mr.  Umphrey  is  at  pre- 
sent teaching  in  the  collegiate  institute 
at  Whitby,  but  will  go  to  Harvard 
after  the  summer  vacation. 

By  the  will  of  the  late  Wm.  McCabe, 
LL.B.  '63,  the  sum  of  $500  is  left  to 
the  trustees  of  the  High  School  or 
Collegiate  Institute  at  Picton,  Ont, 
the  income  to  go  to  the  student  of  that 
institution,  a  native  of  Prince  Edward 
county,  who  ranks  highest  on  enter- 
ing the  University  of  Toronto. 

The  class  of  1903,  Faculty  of  Medi- 
cine, held  the  graduating  dinner  at 
the  King  Edward  Hotel  on  May  24th. 
E.  A.  Gray,  B.A.  '00,  M.B.,  presided. 
The  guest  of  honour  was  Professor 
Adam  Wright.  Speeches  were  also 
made  by  0.  T.  Dinnick,  Eugene  D3 
Haitre,  B.A.,  and  S.  C.  Yea,  B.A.,  and 
James  L.  Biggar  sang. 

Donald  Armour,  B.A.  '91,  M.B.  '94, 
has  been  appointed  to  the  Assistant 
Surgeonship  of  West  London  Hospital 


and  Post-graduate  college,  from  a  field 
of  fourteen  competitors,  comprising 
graduates  of  Edinburgh  and  University 
College  (London),  Cambridge,  Oxford 
and  many  other  colleges  in  England 
and  in  the  United  States. 

The  picture  of  the  Class  of  1899, 
Medicine,  has  through  the  efforts  of 
Ogilvie  Dowsley,  M.B.  '99,  and  others 
been  completed,  and  any  members  of 
the  class  wishing  to  secure  their 
copies  may  do  so  by  applying  to  the 
photographer,  J.  Fraser  Bryce,  132: 
King  St.  West,  or  to  any  member  of 
the  class  resident  in  the  city. 

Professor  Chapman,  whose  illness 
last  year  occasioned  his  friends  anx- 
iety, is  now  enjoying  the  best  of  health 
in  his  home,  The  Pines,  Hampton, 
Wick,  Middlesex,  England,  as  we  learn 
in  a  recent  letter  from  S.  H.  McCoy, 
M.B.  '92,  who  is  pursuing  post-grad- 
uate work  in  Medicine  in  London,  and 
resides  at  15  Torrington  Sq..  W.C. 

H.  Rushton  Fairclough,  B.A.  '83, 
M.A.  '85,  Ph.D.,  who  went  abroad  last 
year,  was  in  Berlin  and  Paris  some 
time  and  spent  the  past  winter  in 
Italy,  mainly  in  Rome.  In  the  middle 
of  March  he  planned  to  go  to  Athens 
where  he  would  join  Professor  Ernest 
Gardner,  the  English  archaeologist,  in 
an  extensive  tour  of  Greece,  including 
Ciete,  Rhodes,  Cyprus,  Mitylene  and 
Troy.  W.  P.  ,Mustard,  B.A.  '86,  M.A., 
Ph.D.,  will  also  be  of  the  party. 

W.  A.  R.  Kerr,  B.A.,  who  has  been 
in  Europe  since  last  summer,  when  he 
spent  a  couple  of  months  in  Spain,  has 
been  working  in  Paris  all  winter  under 
the  late  Gaston  Paris,  Abell  Grance, 
Antoine  Thomas  and  Morel  Fatio.  He 
specialized  in  the  Renaissance  and 
made  researches  at  the  Bibliotebu 
National.  Mr.  Carr  returns  this  month 
to  undertake  another  year's  work  in 
Harvard  University. 

The  jubilee  was  recently  celebrated 
r,f  the  ordination  of  Rev.  William  Mac- 
Laren.  D.D.,  professor  of  Systematic 
Theology  at  Knox  College.  Dr.  Mac- 
Laren,  who  was  born  in  Carleton 
county  in  1828,  was  educated  at  the 
Ottawa  Grammar  School  and  Knox 
College,  being  called  to  the  Presbyter- 
ian Church  at  Amherstburg,  Ont..  in 
1853.  He  was  at  Amherstburg  for  four 
years,  and  was  afterwards  minister  of 
Knox  church,  Boston,  the  Belleville 
Presbyterian  church, and  Knox  church,. 


328 


UNIVEESITY  OF  TORONTO  MONTHLY. 


Ottawa.  Since  1873  he  has  held  his 
present  chair  at  Knox  College,  which 
vas  endowed  by  his  brother,  James 
MacLaren,  the  well-known  Ottawa 
lumberman. 

The  Rev.  J.  D.  Robertson,  M.A.,  of 
Nortn  Berwick,  Scotland,  who  has 
been  appointed  Professor  of  Apologe- 
tics, Homiletics  and  Practical  Train- 
ing in  Knox  College,  is  a  distinguish- 
ed graduate  of  the  University  of  Edin- 
burgh, where  he  took  the  degree  of 
M.A.  in  1880.  He  held  a  scholarship 
in  the  University  of  Edinburgh  in 
Literature  and  Philosophy  the  next 
;-ear,  and  then  for  three  years  studied 
in  France  and  Germany,  returning  to 
Edinburgh  to  receive  a  fellowship  for 
research,  which  was  open  to  the  grad- 
'U.its'S  of  all  Scottish  universities.  The 
degree  of  Doctor  in  the  department 
of  Mental  Science  was  conferred  on 
him  by  his  Alina  Mater  in  1887.  Dr. 
Robertson  has  made  himself  widely 
and  very  favourably  known  through 
his  literary  work,  his  books,  "  Consci- 
ence, and  New  Analysis  "  and  "  The 
Holy  Spirit  and  Christian  Service," 
being  very  successful. 


i 


Marriages. 

Hughes-Falconbridge — At  St.  Mich- 
ael's Cathedral,  Toronto,  on  June  9th, 
Vincent  J.  Hughes,  B.A.  '94,  LL.B., 
Montreal,  to  Miss  Evelyn  Falcon- 
bridge. 


Lazier-Simpson— In    Toronto     June 
17th,  E.  F.  Lazier,  B.A.  '93,  barrister- 
t-law,  Hamilton,  Ont,  to  Miss  Muriel 
Simpson. 

Macdonald-McGee— In  London  May 
21st,  C.  S.  Macdonald,  B.A  '98,  MA  to 
Miss  E.  M.  McGee. 

McWilliams-Sheppard— At  Toronto 
May  13th,  V.  H.  McWilliams,  M.B.  '00 
Peterboro',  Ont,  to  Miss  J.  G.  Shep- 
pard,  Toronto. 

Mulock-Falconbridge  —  In  Toronto 
June  24th,  Cawthra  jMulock,  '06,  to 
Miss  Adele  Baldwin  Falconbridge. 

Richardson-Rutherford— In  Aurora, 
Ont,  June  16th,  C.  C.  Richardson, 
M.B.  '92,  was  married  to  Miss  E  L. 
Rutherford,  B.A.  '96. 

Scott-Fisher — In  Toronto,  May  27th. 
the  R,ev.  A.  A.  Scott,  B.A.  '99,  to  Miss 
M.  Fisher,  Toronto. 

Young-Allen — In  Toronto,  June  12th, 
the  Rev.  Egerton  Ryerson  Young. 
B.A.  '93.  of  Port  Carling,  Ont,  to  Miss 
Edith  Allen,  of  Toronto. 

Young-Gregory  —  In  Toronto.  June 
17th,  W.  D.  Young.  B.A.  '97.  M.B.  '02, 
was  married  to  Miss  E.  Gregory. 


Deaths. 

Doxsee — At  Keith.  Ont..  W.  M. 
Doxsee,  B.A.  '92.  mathematical  master 
in  the  Collegiate  Institute,  Perth,  Ont. 


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