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S H

UTAH AS IT IS

With a Comprehensive
Statement of

UTAH AS IT WAS.

Showing the Founding, Growth and Present Status of
the Commonwealth.

PROFUSELY ILLUSTRATED.

S. A. KENNER,

Author of "The Practical Politician," "Handbook
of Utah" and other Publications.

SALT L.AKE CITY, UTAH, 1904.
THE DESERKT NEWS.

Bancroft Library

PREFATORY REMARKS.

A GREAT deal has been said and written on the subject
to which the subjoined chapters relate, showing that
it is an interesting one; and all is not yet said by any means.
Each succeeding day adds something to a story already full
of wonders which are none the less wonderful because familiar
and none the less entertaining because told before. In this
volume, however, will be found much, even in the domain of
history, that has not previously made its way into print, not
necessarily through the neglect of the historian but rather for
the reason above suggested — that no one man or any limited
number of them, and no publication, could possibly tell it all.
But it is not so much with history per se as with current
events, not so much with established facts of the past as with
the developments of the present and the possibilities of the
future as relates to our beloved State, that these pages have
to do. And yet history is by no means slighted; on the con-
trary, the earlier portions of the book in their entirety and
much that follows incidentally are devoted to that line of
labor; and without desiring to waft any garlands in my own
direction, it is said without hesitancy that the work as to that

IV PREFATORY REMARKS.

has been as fully done as it could be within the space oc-
cupied.

This book, it will be observed, is constructed on a differ-
ent plan from any other production relating to Utah ever
placed before the public. Each subject dealt with has a de-
partment to itself showing its commencement, progress and
present development, together with the people who did or
directed the work. The first of everything is a conspicuous
feature herein — the first comers, the first planting, the first
house, the first school, the first mining, the first railroad, and
so on, making what might be called a Pioneer book as to
everything, but more particularly as to the honored Pioneers
themselves, concerning whom too much cannot be said.

The sketches of numerous people in all the varied walks
of life, contained in these pages, people who have built up,
improved, established enterprises, developed, labored, edu-
cated and advanced, themselves constitute a comprehensive
history of the commonwealth and every phase of its develop-
ment; while the illustrations, in their great number, variety
and scope, help out the telling in no small measure.

Not only are the moral and material characteristics of
Utah thoroughly shown up, but the domain of the fine arts
has not been neglected. As the good Bishop in Les Miserable*
(by the bye, I believe all bishops are good) says, "The beauti-
ful in life may be as useful as the useful, even more so," and
who is there that does not subscribe to the statement? Also
the military feature has a showing and, in fact, but little in any

PREFATORY REMARKS. V

line has escaped attention even though not coming within the
range of substantial and productive existence.

To those who did and dared at the beginning when all
was forbidding and drear; who built not for a day but for all
time and for all people; who were not Argonauts in quest of
golden fleece, but the avant couriers of a mighty civilization
and founders of a work so vast and enduring that its duration
must extend to the limits of time; to them and their worthy
successors and descendants this volume is respectfully dedi-
cated.

S. A. K.

UTAH AS IT IS.

10 UTAH AS IT IS.

centuries had awaited the call to come forth and add their
nourishing and beautifying power to the beings and things of
the upper earth. While the foundations of this reign were laid
away back amid the mists of antiquity and threatened to con-
tinue until "the wreck of matter and the crash of worlds," it was
at the middle of the nineteenth century from the advent of the
Master destined to be overthrown and its power forever des-
troyed.

One day, just before the period of time last spoken of,
some strange sounds cleft the all-pervading solitude. One
was that of a woodman's ax, another the rumbling of a wheeled
vehicle, while another was that of a human voice — a human
being who had not been born and reared in the wilds and
whose reddened skin was not the result of heredity. These
were the notes of warning that the beginning of the end of the
existing sway had come. The dust of the ages arose as a
cloud of smoke leading to a promised land. The despot's out-
posts had been taken and his citadel soon capitulated. Then
began the work of effacing, piece by piece; every vestige of the
hoary, worthless rule was to go. The invaders tore up the
soil and planted seeds; they pulled the streams from out their
channels and scattered them broadcast over the land. They
stormed the crags, they hurled thunderbolts against the ad-
amantine walls which buttressed the everlasting hills, and these
yielding to the blasts, the hidden treasures of the ages were
brought forth into the light of day; they dragged down, they
built up, they struck to the right and to the left, and at last
their victory was complete. "Civilization, on her luminous
wings, soars, phoenix-like, to Jove ." Having "scattered plenty
o'er a smiling land," they can now "read their history in a
nation's eyes."

THE STATE BUILDERS.

THEIR JOURNEY AND ADVENT, THEIR TRIB-
ULATIONS AND TRIUMPHS.

MORE than half a century ago there appeared at the
summit of one of the extreme western gorges of the
Wasatch range, opposite the southern shores of the Great
Salt Lake, a long, winding caravan of lumbering vehicles drawn
by horses and oxen, whose sore-footed, weary tread indicated
plainly enough how long and burdensome had been their jour-
ney; strung along in various positions was a motley array of
men, women and children, dust-begrimed, travel-worn and
rough-appearing, but with an expression of satisfaction upon
each countenance because the end of the pilgrimage was spread
out before them; the wearisome, wearing march was about
concluded. Like a great jewel gleaming upon the shaggy
breast of Nature, our now celebrated inland sea appeared at
the northwestern corner of the landscape, while all around
and about was the dismal, colorless sterility which had for so
long been the chief characteristic of the country traversed.
These people had come from the far-away East and were not
on speculation bent, otherwise they would probably have gone
on and pitched their tents within sight of the golden-shored
Pacific, which, even then was a land of great promise. The
exact date of their arrival was July 24, 1847, but a vanguard
of a few men came in the day before. The people were
Mormons, and their head and front was a man of religious
tendencies and instincts named Brigham Young. He and his
followers had had a pretty hard time of it crossing an un-

12 UTAH AS IT IS.

settled, savage and barren wilderness of which they knew but
little, to arrive at last in a place regarding which they knew
nothing; but what they didn't know they proceeded to find out.
They were looking out for a place to locate, where they
would be so severely alone and so decidedly out of the way
that the chances of another order to "move on," of which they
had had several, would be exceedingly slim for a long time to
come. They came, they saw, they conquered. The series
of forced marches which eventuated their arrival here com-
menced at the Missouri river some three months previously.
Those who now make the trip in half that number of days
and have never "teamed it" across the plains can form no con-
ception of the trials and travails besetting that all but des-
perate invasion of the dark domain of our continent. It
was an experience not to be sought or coveted, but being
possessed became a treasure of incomparable value. It made
the refugees — for such in some sense they were — sturdy
where irresolution had been, strong where weakness had ex-
isted, united in place of drifting apart, and hopeful of a success-
ful outcome where previously there must have been some
measure of dubiety.

It was altogether one of the most splendid performances
from which the genius of progress ever withheld his smiles
until complete success had crowned the performers' labors.
When they ^ould not make twenty miles a day they got as
far as they could, and when progress was impracticable they
waited patiently till the difficulties were overcome. Notwith-
standing cattle or horses occasionally being lost, wagons
breaking down, the scarcity of nourishing food, the uncertain-
ty and apprehension naturally prevailing as to what the next
march would develop, the sickness, the sadness, the sorrow
and even the few deaths that occurred, there was no faltering
from the purpose in chief, no deviation from the straightfor-
ward course, and no laxity in reliance upon the "protecting
power of Divine Providence." So they jogged along.

Around camp fires at night, and occasionally while plod-

THM STATE BUILDERS. 13

ding their weary way by day, songs made to order could be
heard, the chorus being generally of the uproarious style and
given with a vocal vigor that made the welkin ring and let
the lurking savages know that the travelers were by no means
afraid of being heard. One — a fair sample of these "songs"-
ran like this, the tune being "Old Dan Tucker:"

Out the way for California,*
In the spring we'll take our journey,
Far beyond Arkansas' fountains,
Pass between the Rocky Mountains.

Old Governor Fordf he is so small
He has no room for soul at all;
He neither could be damned nor blessed
If heaven and hell should do their best.

Then out the way, &c.

The Mormons are a wonderful set,
The devil never has beat them yet.
Some have wives and some have none,
But a hundred and ten has Brigham Young.

Then out the way, &c.

There was any amount more of this rough-and-tumble
doggerel, but enough is produced to give an idea of its char-
acter; to give an idea of its effectiveness, of the resonance
and vehemence with which it was sung, would be
quite impossible. It was a kind of surcease of sorrow,
at once a means of dispelling for the moment the ugly
memories of recently bygone days and affording a sort of
relaxation, and as such was not without value. Surely those
men needed relaxation. In addition to the troubles always
apparent, they were weak-handed, and a large band of hostiles
such as were numerous then, by making a rush could have
blotted them out. The cause of this was the fact that 500 of
their brethren, all able-bodied, were also on "the way to Cali-

* In those days "California" meant pretty much everything west of the
Rocky Mountains.

t Governor of Illinois at the time of the Mormons' persecutions.

UTAH AS IT IS.

fornia" by a different route and for a different purpose, they
having entered the service of the United Sates in its war with
Mexico, and are known in history as the Mormon Battalion.
All of these came to Utah later on from the west, some of
them having participated in the experiences and scenes which
attended the opening up of the golden era and making of Cali-
fornia the great Mecca to which the devotees of the Mammon
god flocked. The Battalion did its work honorably and well
and none were lost. Nor were their services required by the

THE PIONEERS' RECEPTION COMMITTEE.

Pioneers, who were bothered less by Indians than by some of
the other disturbing agencies of nature, but this must be
classed among the things providential. Finally the journey
ended as stated.

It is quite impossible even to imagine the sensations of
those people at that time. They were free from the visita-
tions of mobbers and marauders, and, notwithstanding the
subdued glare of hostile campfires at great distances and the
discordant serenades of the nearer wild beasts, could at last lie
down in peace and sleep the undisturbed sleep of those whose

THE STATE BUILDERS. 15

consciences are void of offense. Their vigils were relaxed
and they were at last free as the mountain air which fanned their
cheeks and imparted vigor to their wearied bodies — American
citizens, driven from their birthright, hounded from pillar to
post, plundered, assaulted, all manner of religious and political
persecution showered upon them — free at last as such citizens,
but upon foreign soil! They were monarchs, of -all they sur-
veyed now, the owners of all things surrounding them. There
was none to oppose, as well as none to welcome; even had
there been, the form of greeting must have been, "You are
welcome to this vast field of nothingness; enjoy it if you can."
In this time of hardships ending but to begin anew, was there
any thought of separation from the land to which they be-
longed but from which they had been expelled? If so, here
was their grand opportunity. Their feet pressed the soil of
Mexico, and even its laws could not reach them, so political
as well as social independence was all at once within their
grasp. How different fromaJl this was what they actually did!
The independence they sought was that promulgated by
Thomas Jefferson, not that of Jefferson Davis; they would add
to, not take from, the domain of their country, and their first
important act, aside from securing some measures of personal
comfort, was the hoisting of the Stars and Stripes on a neigh-
boring peak, thus proclaiming the new country to be territory
of the United States, following this, as soon as practicable,
with the organization of a provisional State government and
making a formal request for admission as one of the grand
sisterhood.

EARLY CALLERS.

IT WOULD take a nimbler, more analytical and more
graphic pen than the one with which these lines are traced to
tell, so that the reader would feel and appreciate, just what was

16 UTAH AS IT IS.

done and what manifested as an outflow of feeling when the
jaded band "unhitched" and "turned out" for the last time, as far
as their journeying was concerned. The approach of evening
bearing with it no admonition of ceaseless vigil during the long
hours of the night, and no need of careful and laborious ar-
rangement of trappings, utensils and necessary things in readi-
ness for hasty getting together and pulling out on the morrow,
the discontinuance if not the demolition of the treadmill, so
to speak, was surely the breaking of a direful strain, the be-
ginning of a condition in which the strenuousness of a long
period of onward plodding was overcome for the time being at
least; and when night came, with its surcease of sounds except
those most soothing to the senses — the rippling of the moun-
tain stream and the cadence of the gentle breezes amid the
vegetation on its banks — the "sleep that knits up the raveled
sleeve of care" must have descended upon them as a benison.
Such was the beginning of w7hat we now behold on every
hand as the triumph of mind over matter, of the subjugation
of stubborn conditions, the establishment of the newer civiliza-
tion of America.

The Mormons were by no means the first white people
that had ever set foot in the valley of the Great Salt Lake,
but they were the first settlers . The fact is, that the few
others who had previously come here only waited about long
enough to take a good look at the situation, to "size it up," so
to speak, and then "strike the trail" again. They didn't want
any of it, and of course didn't believe that anybody else would
have it.

Back amid the times when there were no white people on
this soil except occasionally interlopers who, if they had any
fixed and definite purpose in coming to America have failed
to hand down information of what it was, we read of Coron-
ado, Cardenas and much later, about the time of the promulga-
tion of the Declaration of Independence, Bonneville, who pen-
etrated the western wilds further than either of his predecessors.
In fact, he was the only one up to that time who actually reached

THE STATE BUILDERS.

the territory settled upon some seventy years later by the
Mormons, and he got no further north than the southern part
of Utah Lake. A long interval followed, unmarked by the ap-
pearance of the venturesome white man, the spell being
broken in 1824 by one whose name is synonymous with

JIM BRIDGER, THE FIRST WHITE MAN
IN SALT LAKE VALLEY.

mountaineering, frontiering and venturesome exploration gen-
erally. His name was James Bridger and he struck the Bear
River country early in that year in company with a party of
fur hunters. Soon after their advent he was made chair-
man of a committee of two to proceed down the river in a

18 UTAH AS IT IS.

canoe and see what could be seen, whereby he made the dis-
covery of the Great Salt Lake and thus got his moccasin
prints upon the soil surrounding it ahead of any other man of
his race so far as known. Civilization had no attractions for
him and eventually he settled on the spot which still bears his
name, in western Wyoming — Fort Bridger; and two or three
desultory companies of pilgrims bound for the eastern shores
of the Pacific are recorded as having cut through a little ahead
of the Mormons, but not much ahead, and as previously sug-
gested, none camped longer than a night or so.

Bridger first crossed the plains when there were but few
white men's homes west of St. Louis and none at all west of
the Missouri. He passed through all manner of trying ad-
ventures, and fought and drove off as many as 150 Indians at a
time. The man was utterly fearless. When he first saw the
Great Salt Lake all the maps of the country were a blank,
being marked up as the "Great American Desert." He ren-
dered invaluable assistance to the surveyors for the route of
the Union Pacific Railway, making many difficult places quite
plain for them. He died July 17, 1881, at Westport, Mis-
souri.

The next man after Bridger to penetrate the Wasatch
range was "Jim" Baker, who came in 1834, anc^ was John C.
Fremont's most trusted scout. He was a great bear hunter
and the proud possessor of several squaw wives whom he kept
at his ranch in Colorado. It is related of him that some twenty
years or more after his first call he received $8000 for furs in
Salt Lake City, and the next morning he hadn't a cent to bless
himself with, the festive gambler and dispenser of liquid light-
ning having done their work to a beautiful finish. Baker died
about four years ago, deserving, as a frontiersman and adven-
turous pioneer, much more in the way of mention than he has
received.

THE STATE BUILDERS. 19

WHO THE PIONEERS WERE.

THE names of the Pioneers deserve to be perpetuated and
kept in endearing remembrance by all the ages to come, irre-
spective of creeds or other divisions of the human family.
Not only they, but those who came shortly after, endured and
dared and perserved in the very grasp of the destroyer that
all that is mentioned in these chapters as the sequence of their
work might be. And what shall be said of the three brave
women who dared the perils of the prairies and shared the
hardships of their husbands by becoming members of the first
band? Unaccustomed to the dangers, roughness and indeli-
cacies of pioneer work, always weary, often faint, some-
times sick, confronted now and then by circumstances repul-
sive to refined natures, and reaching the goal at last to find
nothing inviting, pleasant or promising, is it any wonder if
they revolted somewhat on arrival and insisted on going ahead?
They would have been more than human, or less, if it had
been otherwise. But they remained, endured the discourage-
ments, continued the good, hard work till it was all over, and
then enjoyed something of the reward they had so largely
earned. They and those who came later under similar circum-
stances were fit to be the wives of the men whose wives they
were; and this is praise enough.

This book will contribute its share towards keeping
green the memory of the Pioneers by recording their names
in full:

Brigham Young, Wilford Woodruff, Heber C. Kimball,

Orson Pratt, George A. Smith, Willard Richards,

Joseph Egbert, Marcus B. Thorpe, John S. Fowler,

John M. Freeman, George Wardle, Jacob D. Burnham,

Amasa M. Lyman, George Brown, Kzra X. Benson,

Starling Driggs, Barnabas Iy. Adams, Thomas B. Grover,

Jesse C. Little, Rowell Stevens, Albert Carrington,

UTAH AS IT IS.

Phineas H. Young,
John Y. Green,
Thomas Tanner,
Luke S. Johnson,
John Hoi man,
Edmund Ellsworth,
Alvarus Hanks,
Sylvester H. Earl,
John H. Dixon,
Samuel H. Marble,
Charles Shumway,
Andrew Shumway,
Thomas Woolsey,
Chauncey Loveland,
Franklin B. Stewart,
Monroe Frink,
Erick Glines,
Ozro Eastman,
Elijah Newman.
Levi N. Kendall,
Francis Boggs,
David Grant,
Hosea Gushing,
Robert Byard,
George Billings,
Appleton >I. Harmon,
Carlos Murray,
Horace K. Whitney,
Orson K. Whitney,
Joseph Rooker,*
Perry Fitzgerald,
John H. Tippetts,
Norton Jacobs,
Charles A. Harper,
George Woodard,
John Brown,
Shadrach Roundy,
Levi Jackruan,
Joseph Matthews,
Clara D. Young,
Harriet P. W. Young,
Ellen S. Kimball.

Addison Everett,
Truman O. Angell,
Lorenzo D. Young,
George R. Grant,
Millen At wood,
Samuel B. Fox,
Tunis Rappleyee,
George Scholes,
William Henri,
William A Empey,
Erastus Snow,
James Craig,
William Wordsworth,
James Case,
Artemus Johnson,
William C. A. Smoot,
Franklin B. Dewey,
Seth Taft,
Horace Thornton,
Stephen Kelsey,
John S. Eldredge,
Charles D. Barnum,
Edson Whipple,
Philo Johnson,
William Clayton,
Orrin P. Rockwell,
Nathaniel T. Brown,
R.Jackson Redding,
John Pack,
James Davenport,
Henson Walker,
Benjamin Rolfe,
Stephen Markham,
Lewis Barney,
George Mills,
Lyman Curtis,
Hans C. Hensen,
Matthew Ivory,
Gilbroid Summe,
Charles Burke,
Alexander P. Chessley,
Rodney Badger,

Thomas Bullock,

Bryant Stringham,

Joseph S. Scofield,

Albert P. Rockwood,

Harry Pierce,

William Dykes,

Jacob Weiler,

Stephen H Goddard,
Tarlton Lewis,
Henry G. Sherwood,
Zebedee Coltrin,
William Vance,
Simeon Howd,
Seeley Owen,
William Carter,
Franklin G. Losee,

Burr Frost,

Datus Ensign,*
Alma M. Williams,
Rufus Allen,
Robert T. Thomas,
James W. Stewart,
Howard Egan,
William A. King,
Thomas Cloward,
Francis Pomeroy,
Aaron Farr,
Nathaniel Fairbanks,.
John S. Higbee.
John Wheeler,
Solomon Chamberlin,
Conrad Klineman,
Andrew Gibbons,
Joseph Hancock,
John W. Norton,
David Powers,
Norman Taylor,
Ellis Eames,
John Gleason,
Hark Lay (colored),
Oscar Crosby (colored),
Green Flake (colored).

* Non-Mormons, though Mr. Ensign joined the Church some time after
reaching Utah.

THE SI ATE BUILDERS. 21

The first named of the women was the wife of Brigham
Young, the second the wife of Lorenzo D. Young, and the
third was Heber C. KimbalPs wife. They came of their own
free will and choice, and were all who came that season.
There were two children — Issac P. Decker and Lorenzo S.
\oung, making the whole number one hundred and forty-nine.
Of these, all but six — P. H. Young, George Woodward, A.
F. Farr, Eric Glines and R. Badger, who were allowed to
turn back at Green River for their families, and Ellis Eames,
who went back further east because of sickness — made the
grand entree of the Great Salt Lake Valley at the time
stated.

THE GREAT WORK BEGUN.

THE first house in Salt Lake Gity was built on what is
now known as Pioneer Square, in the western part of town,
although the continued reaching out of building and cultiva-
tion up to and beyond the Jordan river, a mile west of the
square, has of late years been the means of throwing this
locality somewhat nearer the center. The structure was of
logs and was measurably comfortable even if not commodious.
No lines of architecture and no plans or specifications were
followed in its construction, the prevailing idea being to obtain
shelter from the elements. Other little habitations followed
slowly, and in a comparatively short time a straggling sort of
village had, as it were, sprung from the ground. In the midst
of all this the necessity for early production of sustenance
was by no means overlooked. As a matter of fact, prepara-
tions to that end were begun before anything in the building
line was attended to. Digging up the ground preparatory to
planting was found to be labor of slow and uncertain results;
the soil was hard, pebbly and dry, so much so that the pro-
fuse perspiration that fell from those men's faces was absorbed
as greedily as it would have been by living coals of fire. The

UTAH AS IT IS.

first of the pilgrims' effects to be cast into the unpromising
drills were the eyes of a quantity of potatoes, the rest of the
vegetables being used for food. The sprouts were covered
up almost as carefully and reverently as though they were de-
parted friends, as indeed in one sense they were, and left to
come forth in the due season of nature, or not to come up at all,
whichever it might prove to be. Other planting was done,
and naturally rain was hoped for, but for some time it was
like the letter that never came. The Pioneers discovered that

FIRST HOUSE IN UTAH.

the land they had taken possession of was in constant need of
moisture which the atmosphere steadily refused to produce.
Here was the impelling influence to the inception of the sys-
tem by means of which nine-tenths of all the cultivated lands
of this region have been reclaimed from the wastes of nature
— irrigation. It is at once a comprehensive science, an in-
valuable and indispensable factor in the domain of production,
and the cause of more hard labor and stubborn litigation than
anything else in our midst, with the possible exception of

THE STATE BUILDERS. 23

mining. Hard as it is to successfully irrigate large patches
of soil nowadays, it is the veriest pastime compared with what
it was at the beginning and for a long time after. Irrigation
owes its existence to the people who settled Utah, and the
people in turn owe their existence to it. It is a question con-
cerning which there might be at least argument as to which
was the greater debtor or creditor to the other by reason of
the grand consummation wrought out by the united forces of
the two; but the argument would be like many others, more rhe-
torical than conclusive. It is fair, however, to say that all that
has been gained in the way of a foothold for human habita-
tion and consequent civilization here has been at a cost
which aggregated would amount to the capitalization of the
grandest empire that ever rose, or reigned, or fell; not one
dollar's worth of value did the hardy founders of our glorious
commonwealth wrest from the unwilling hand of nature that
did not cost them in slavish toil a hundred fold and more. If
all that they did to lay the foundation stones of the State of
Utah were to be counted and paid for at fair rates, no nation on
earth could foot the bill and escape bankruptcy. The record
is one of the wonders of national history, not so much
thought of or appreciated now because everything is so dif-
ferent, because the interest on the investment made by such
endurance and sacrifice is being realized so abundantly by
those who have have passed through none of the hardships
and have no realizing sense of them.

At this point, a reference to an oft-quoted incident will not
be out of place. "Jim" Bridger, previously spoken of, as the
exiles were passing his post, being told where they were going,
expressed astonishment that they should locate in a place so
unpromising and apparently unproductive. He could see no
profit but a great deal of loss, if the people rated their labor
and privations at a fair estimate, and said he would give a
thousand dollars for every bushel of wheat (some say ears of
corn and others still the first ear of corn) raised here. It is
not very material what he actually did say, except as to show-

24 UTAH AS IT IS.

ing his opinion of the situation, so, for the sake of the subject,
I will choose the first. James was undoubtedly correct as
human wisdom goes; he could see no possible advantage to
come to those who labored for apparently an abstraction and
could not make their blows tell at once. He was practical,
and knew that for every dollar's worth gained in such a place
much more in labor values would have to be expended to get
it, even if anything at all should be returned, which he showed
his unbelief in as stated, and could not grasp such a condition
as people staying with a losing proposition when by going
further they stood a chance to win. He was a man of the
world and estimated the affairs of life from a worldly stand-
point. Anything that could not be computed from the basis
of dollars and cents, or did not produce reasonably early
and profitable returns on the investment, was a good thing to
keep out of. He knew that further on were many valleys
where the soil was softer, apparently richer, and quite as well
watered, while there was a reasonable percentage of humidity
during the summer months, and that beyond all these were
the matchless climate and the prolific soil of California, where
labor received immediate and adequate returns; why halt at
the halfway place, where sterility was in full sway and hard-
ships held high carnival? But suppose he had been able to
give security for the fulfillment of his proposed contract, and
the price to be paid per bushel for wheat up to date had been
reduced to something near the average prevailing figure, say
one dollar. Mr. Bridger would still have been "in the hole"
very deep indeed; why, for the first year of the new century
alone he or his heirs would have had to receive the startling
sum of nearly 4,000,000 bushels and pay over a corresponding
number of dollars! Perhaps in some fitful reverie during the
lonely hours of his solitude, when "fancy her magical pinions
spread wide," he may have seen himself at a time far hence
the owner of such a vast fortune, but the dream never mate-
rialized; as a matter of fact, he never owned a tithe of such a
sum. He is dead now and in the possession of such rewards

THE STA TE B UILDERS. 25

as his good deeds — which were by no means non-existent-
entitled him to; but he lived long enough to see many of the
tattered, wearied empire-builders of '47 in possession of more
of the world's goods than he had ever owned, with all of them
and nearly all of their followers and associates in much more
comfortable circumstances than any that ever fell to his lot in
life. Thus it is with those who cannot judge of the future
even by the past, who cannot discern the hand of destiny so
manifestly before them; and thus it is with those who judge
of the Mormon pilgrims by the standards of the world's
people. In all this we have a striking exemplification of
Mormon doctrine, which is, that faith without works is
nothing.

It is not to be expected that any person can see with an-
other person's eyes, nor is it surprising that so small a number,
comparatively, of people are willing to undergo so much when
so little in the way ot visible rewards attends upon their labors
or, gauged by human standards, is promised. It is not, there-
fore, to be wondered at that the great majority think the small
minority a band of uncaged lunatics, maintaining such belief
until the non compos people demonstrate that, so far as judg-
ment as to possible things is concerned, the shoe is on the
other foot. The real wonder appears when the majority,
seeing their error, not only do not frankly admit it but rush in
to secure a share of the proceeds — to violate a principle of
law, as it were, in profiting by their own wrong. Thus we be-
hold some of those who would have given nothing for all the
Mormons found, and were willing to give fabulous prices for
all that such possessions could be made to yield, reversing
themselves in act if not in word by paying goodly prices at
times for small pieces of that same worthless ground and re-
fusing to pay more than the normal market rates for the pro-
ducts. Singular how people get twisted around sometimes
and have to conform to things all along disbelieved, by means
they knew not of and can scarcely tell why!

THE MORMON CHURCH.

ITS ORIGIN AND PROGRESS AND WHAT IT
HAS ACCOMPLISHED.

TT is proper, before proceeding further, that some mention
•*• be made of the origin, development and labors of the re-
ligious organization above named, or as it is officially denomi-
nated, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
While this book, or any part thereof, is not an exponent of,
an apologist for, or, except as it may be of general interest, a
presenter of the features of any creed or party, it still follows
that to omit special and detailed mention of these people's
antecedents and characteristics would be to leave a big gap in
the narrative as a whole.

The terms " Mormon Church " and " founders of Utah"
are by no means synonymous, yet paradoxical as it may ap-
pear, they are one and the same thing from a secular point of
view; it is the case that when the latter term is the one used,
the former naturally and inextricably forms a mental association
with it, but the converse is not necessarily the case. It is by
no means the first time in history that a religious people, vol-
untarily or involuntarily excluded from their ail-along associa-
tions, have laid the foundations of empire and been the means
of causing the wilderness to bloom by peopling, subduing and
overcoming it to the end that civilization might obtain a se-
cure and lasting footing. It must, indeed, be a fact that is
patent to all readers and thinkers, that the State has earned,
even if it has not received, the distinction of being the un-
grateful offspring of the Church — that the star of empire has

JOHN R. WINDER,

First Counselor.

THE PRESENT FIRST PRESIDENCY.

JOSEPH F. SMITH,

President.

ANTHON H. LUNI>,
Second Counselor.

28 UTAH AS IT IS.

oftener than otherwise been preceded by the sign of the
cross . But not before, at least not in modern history, is there
an account of a religious organization as such and as a whole
battering down the ramparts of hostile nature and establish-
ing and carrying forward the pioneering work which even-
tuated brilliant and prosperous commonwealths. That is
what the Mormon Church, as an organization and by its enti-
ties, accomplished; and few if any there be who would with-
hold from them the meed of praise to which they are so justly
entitled.

The Church was brought into existence through the in-
strumentality of a young man named Joseph Smith, living
near the town of Manchester, New York. He presented it
to the world as the restoration of the gospel of the Savior in
its fullness, and showed how he had been led and enlightened
thereto by divine messengers in person. He gave to the do-
main of letters and history the translation of a record of the
people who lived on the American continents many hundreds
of years prior to. up to and a few hundred years after the ad-
vent of the Messiah. This was published as the Book of
Mormon, and is the corner stone of the organization.

The Church is theocratic in philosophy and democratic
in practice, as an illustration of which all its officers are pre-
sumed to be in full accord with trie workings of the Spirit and
to be selected for their callings by inspiration, but the selec-
tions are ratified by a vote of all the members of the Church,
male and female, who are present when the vote is taken;
and its control reaches to the temporal as well as the spiritual
affairs of its members. God has a body and faith must be
accompanied by works.

The Ghurch was organized April 6, 1830, at Fayette, Se-
neca county, New York, with but six members — Joseph Smith,
Oliver Cowdery, Hyrum Smith, Peter Whitmer, Jr., Samuel
H. Smith and David Whitmer — and these were and have
been continuously added to until the members constitute the
bulk of the population of Utah and are a considerable factor

THE MORMON CHURCH.

in the surrounding States; besides which there are missions
with considerable membership throughout this country and
the whole world, the grand total being about 330,000. The
general authorities are: i The First Presidency, consisting
of a President and two Counselors; 2 The Twelve Apostles
(an executive council); 3 Presiding Patriarch; 4 First Coun-

PRESIDING BISHOPRIC.

ORRIN P. MILLER, WILLIAM B. PRESTON, ROBERT T. BURTON,

Second Counselor. Presiding Bishop. First Counselor.

cil of Seventies; 5 Presiding Bishopric. There is also a
Historian.

Following is a complete list of the Presidents and their
Counselors from the beginning, with date of entry into and de-

UTAH AS IT IS.

parture from office, the latter generally having been caused
by death:

Presidents.

Counselors.

Appointed.

Term ended.

JOSEPH SMITH

June 27, 1844
Soon after.
1844
Nov. 7, 1837
Jan. 19, 1841
April 18, 1844
Aug. 29, 1877
June 22. 1868
Mar. ii, 1854
Dec. i, 1856
Aug. 29, 1877
Sept. i, 1875
August, 1877
July 25, i8»7

Sept. 2, 1898

Oct. 10, 1901
April 12, 190 [

B RICH AM YOUNG.

i Oliver Cowdery

.. 1833

I Sidney Rigdon . ...
2 Fredk.G. Williams
2 Hyrum Smith
2 William Law

Mar. 18, 1833

it > i

Nov. 7, 183?
Jan. 19, 1841
Dec. 5, 1847

"
April 6, 1854
Jan. 4, 1857
Oct. 7. 1868
Oct. 29. 1876

Oct. 10, 1880
K ..

April 7, 1889
it (i

Sept. 13, 1898
ii ii

Nov. 10. 1901
« >i

ii ii

JOHN TAYI^OI

i Heber C. Kimball
2 Willard Richards..
2 Jedediah M. Grant
2 Daniel H. Wells...
i George A. Smith...
2 John W. Young. . .

WILFORD WOODRUFF*

i George Q. Cannon
2 Joseph t- Smith...

LORENZO SNOW

i George Q. Cannon
2 Joseph F. Smith...

JOSEPH F. SMITH

i George Q. Cannon
2 Joseph F. Smith...

i John R. Winder...
2 Authon H. Lund ..

Following is the complete list of the quorum of the
Twelve Apostles, the first twelve being the first quorum un-
der President Joseph Smith, the last twelve (with the excep-
tion of A.' H. Lund called to the First Presidency, and A. H.
Cannon, deceased), being the present quorum under President
Joseph F. Smith:

Lyman E. Johnson, Brigham Young, Heber C. Kimball,
Orson Hyde, David W. Patten, Luke S. Johnson, William E.
McLellin, John F. Boynton, Orson Pratt, William Smith,
Thomas B. Marsh, Parley P. Pratt, John E. Page, John

* President Woodruff was appointed nearly two years after the death of
President Taylor, and during the interregnum the Presidency was conducted
by the Twelve Apostles Twice before the Twelve had thus presided— in the
interregnum between the death of Joseph Smith and the Presidency proper
of Brigham Young; and from the latter's death to the Presicency proper of
John Tavlor.

THE MORMON CHURCH. 31

Taylor, Wilford Woodruff, George A. Smith, Willard Rich-
ards, Lyman Wight, Amasa M. Lyman, Ezra T. Benson,
Charles C. Rich, Lorenzo Snow, Erastus Snow, Franklin D.
Richards, George Q. Cannon, Joseph F. Smith, Albert Car-
rington, Moses Thatcher, Brigham Young, Jr., Francis M.
Lyman, John H. Smith, George Teasdale, Heber J. Grant,
John W. Taylor, Marriner W. Merrill, Anthon H. Lund,
Abraham H. Cannon, Matthias F. Cowley, Abraham O.
Woodruff, Rudger Clawson, Reed Smoot, Hyrum M. Smith.

The Presiding Patriarchs: Joseph Smith, Sen., father of
the Prophet; second, Hyrum Smith, brother of the Prophet;
third, John Smith, a brother of the first Patriarch; fourth
incumbent, John Smith, eldest son of the second Patriarch
and brother of President Joseph F. Smith.

The Presiding Bishopric: Edward Partridge, Newel
K. Whitney, Edward Hunter, William B. Preston. Counsel-
ors: Isaac Morley, John Corrill, Parley P. Pratt, Titus
Billings, Leonard W. Hardy, Jesse C. Little, Robert T.
Burton, John R. Winder, Orrin P. Miller.

John Whitmer was the first Church Historian and
Anthon H. Lund is the present one, with Andrew Jensen, O«
F. Whitney, A. M. Musser and B. H. Roberts assistants.

To follow the list of Church officials further and give
more of its history and procedure would be to encroach
upon the space allotted to this subject, also upon the
works of other writers who have given everything in extenso,
and to which the reader is referred for further information as to
such matters.* Therefore, after the subjoined paragraphs, fol-
lowed by a personal sketch of the great leader and colonizer,
this phase of the book will be departed from altogether ex-
cept incidentally. f

The following hymn gives a fair idea of one of the cardi-

* "History of the Church," B. H. Roberts; "History of Utah," O. F.
Whitney; "Prophets and Patriarchs," M. F. Cowley; "Articles of Faith, "J-
E. Talmage, and other publications.

t Personal sketches occur in appropriate departments further along.

UTAH AS IT IS.

nal features of the Mormon doctrine. It is from the pen of
Eliza R. Snow. This gifted woman was a wife of the Prophet
Joseph Smith and afterwards of President Brigham Young;
she died December 5, 1887. To hear the hymn rendered
by the great Tabernacle choir with the accompaniment of
the grand organ is to cause even the unbeliever to experience
a feeling which, for the time at least, robs death of its ter-
rors and puts the fleeting, sinful things of life outside the
pale of thought :

1 Oh my Fa - thir

2 For a wise and

3 I had learn d- to

4 When I leave rtm

Thou that dwellest In the high and glon- ou»

glon- ous pur-pose Thon hast placed me here on-

call Thee Fa- thert Thro' Thy Spir - it from on

frail ex - ist-ence. When I lay this mor - tal

place' When shall I re

gam Thy presence. And a - gain
arth. And withheld the rec ol- tec- lion Of my form - er friends and birth." Yet oft-

be - hold Thy -face » In Thy

high. But.'nn - til the Key of Knowledge Waa re- stored. .1 knew not wh
by -. Fa- trier. Moth-er may I meet you In the roy al charts on

In the
Thon. at

n — r

ho - ly ^ hah- i - ta- lion. Did my spir - iLonce re- Bide7 ID my first pn - me- val
times a se-cret something Whisper'd" You're a stranger here ." And I fell tliat I had
heav n<« *re parent » sin-gle ' No . the thought makes reason1 stare ' Truth is rca - son . truth e -
leu^th when I vecom-plet^ed All you sent me forth to do. With your mumal ap- pro-

« rtt.

'^A

!— rT'vS

dim.

m ^ r-| 1 T T m

l(or ^ r r —

3=1

I : rhEiqqoLj:

t^j

child- hood,
wandered

Waa
•From

nur -
more

tared near Thy side » . -
«x- alt - ed sphere. . .

ter - nal

Tells

I've

a moth- er there. . . .

ba tion

Let

come

and dwell wiih you. . . .

THE MODERN MOSES.

"THAT'S HIM!"

This distinctly juvenile ejaculation was uttered by a play-
mate of the writer's, whose acquaintance had been picked up
shortly after arrival in Zion, and who had been under a prom-

THE MORMON CHURCH.

ise to point out the renowned individual at the very first op-
portunity.

Brigham Young! A man I had read of and heard talked
about times without number in the then far-away States of
Missouri and Kentucky, until the conclusion had grown within
my youthful mind that he was altogether the biggest man
that ever lived, with the possible exception of General Jack-
son. The well animadverted fact that he was not prone to

excessive economy in the
matter of connubiality had
but served to add the spice
of originality to the stories
regarding him, and when the
"folks" packed up and pulled
out for the land of promiser
the expectation that with my
own natural eyes I should
look upon the uncaged and
untamed lion of the day in
-pro^ria persona overshad-
owed all other considerations
of the time. ... At last, after
a weary pilgrimage and a so-
journ of a few weeks, the
circumstance which gave
rise to the exclamation above

set out occurred. Yes, it was indeed he. I had seen him at
last and was permitted to live and tell about it afterwards.

At the time spoken of and up to his death he was quite
portly, weighing something over two hundred pounds, and he
was about five feet eight inches in height. A profile view
gave his head very much the appearance of a lion's, and his
countenance was plain but regular and massive. He wa&
light complexioned with an inclination to auburn, his hair,

BRIGHAM YOUNG IN 1875.*

* This picture shows him less rugged looking and with a longer beard than at
the time mentioned at the beginning of this sketch— about 1861.

34 UTAH AS IT IS.

which was worn tolerably long, having a slight disposition to
curl. A fringe of beard extended from ear to ear, the upper
lip and part of the chin being smooth. The eyes were bluish
and mild but penetrating, and his lips came together like the
jaws of a bear trap, his great firmness and determination be-
ing thus physiognomically shown. His foot came down with
firmness but elasticity, and, despite his years and heaviness,
he was quite active. He was dressed in black throughout,
his clothes being neither fashionably cut nor altogether out of
the fashion, the general appearance being that of a well-to-do
eastern farmer with his Sunday clothes on.

I had many opportunities of seeing him after that and
finally became quite well acquainted. It is a circumstance
which is mentioned with no little pride, that he seemed to take
quite kindly to me, and I learned to regard him very highly.

One peculiarity that was quite observable was, he never
broke out into laughter, however much he might be amused,
which was by no means infrequently, a broad smile or a
chuckle being the limit to which his risibilities were permitted
to go. He was fond of theatricals when properly conducted,
and always kept a reserved seat in the Salt Lake Theater,
which he occupied when the play suited him and there was
nothing to call him away; and he was quite fond of dancing.
It would be a great mistake to suppose that because of his
bulkiness or otherwise he was clumsy or awkward: far from
it. He led his partner through the figures of a quadrille like
a cavalier, without missing a step or losing a note, but round
dancing he would have none of, and was opposed to its being
engaged in by others.

If any characteristic of his nature was more striking than
his spirituality at all times and under all circumstances, it was
his strict attention to practical things at the same times and
places. Believing with a belief that absolutely excluded con-
jecture, in a God of body, parts and passions, who not only
speaks words of comfort, hope and direction to such as are
qualified to receive them, but works and consummates by

THE MORMON CHURCH. 35

physical agencies, and is as interested in our work-a-day as
in our spiritual affairs, Brigham exemplified his belief in his
sayings and doings. Faith without works to correspond was
an engine without steam, and a religion that did not reach to
the practical things of life comprehended but a part of the
things which relate to our well being. God would, he be-
lieved, tell us what to say in the pulpit or the press, also how
to properly lay out a garden or name a child. When the Co-
operative system of merchandising was introduced and be-
came a part of the practical workings of the Church, the
words ''Holiness to the Lord" surmounted the other words of
the sign above the door. "God will call, persuade, direct us
right," but He "will force no soul to heaven," and we are pre-
sumed to employ to the fullest extent of our capacity the abil-
ities which we have, and not lie supinely upon our backs ex-
pecting Him to do and conclude for us. Therefore, Brigham,
while implicitly relying upon the protection of the Lord, kept
a goodly guard about him when the enemy was nigh, took
weapons along with him when he went away from home, and
no doubt availed himself of recognized remedies when at-
tacked by physical ailments. To sum it all up, he believed in
God but kept his powder dry; and if anyone, thinking that,
because of his immovable spirituality and devotion to biblical
injunctions, if he were struck on one cheek the other would
be turned, the striker would undoubtedly have met with a
sudden and painful surprise.

One of the many creations of the practical side of his life
is the great Tabernacle in Salt Lake City, which has a capac-
ity of 10,000 people and which contains one of the greatest
organs in point of size and one of the best as to tone and
volume in the world. It is understood that Brigham was the
chief authority in the matter of design and he had pretty
much his own way as to every detail; it might as well be
mentioned here that there were few proceedings in which he
took an active part that he did not exercise the veto power
whenever he felt disposed, and that settled the matter conclu-

36 UTAH AS IT IS.

sively. While the work of building was under way he sel-
dom permitted a day to pass without a long personal visit,
and it is a fact that on such occasions nothing of consequence
ever escaped his all but matchless scrutiny. At one of these
times he was apparently overlooking things in a general way
but had a sidelong glance fixed on a carpenter who was try-
ing to drive a screw home with a hammer. This was too
much for the great supervisor to ignore. Approaching the
man he said in a pleasant tone, "Brother Blank, did you ever
notice that little seam in the head of a screw?" "Oh, yes,"
was the reply. "Well," continued the questioner, "I wonder
what that was made for!" The workman smiled vaguely and
reached for a screwdriver.

When the Tabernacle was at last finished, a publication
conducted by some recent seceders from the Church pro-
nounced it an acoustic failure, and indeed the first tests made
it so appear, but it did not remain so and ere long it became
a favorite practice of tourists to stand at one end of the struc-
ture and hear a dropped pin strike the floor at the other.

His family was very large and quite interesting, being
somewhat of a colony in itself. . They had their own store,
their own schools and school house, and lived in a general
way very much on the community plan. Eighteen wives,
forty odd children of all ages from nursing infancy up to the
marriageable period, many supported or visiting inmates who
were not related, and some domestics, was about the size of
the household, and those who believe that by reason of its
"bigness" or from any other reason it was disorderly or con-
fused or at "outs" one part with another, have not been cor-
rectly informed. There has never in any domestic establish-
ment of modern times been more perfect order, more syste-
matic conduct, more good behavior or more general good
will always prevailing. The first thing in the morning and
the last thing at night the family, guests and servants assem-
bled in the great parlor and engaged in prayer, the invoca-
tion being first by one, then another, none being barred on

THE MORMON CHURCH. 37

account of age or sex except in the case of the very young,
and it was much the same at the meals. Cleanliness in every-
thing was rigidly observed, and each family, living by itself
in its own apartments at all other times, was comfortably if
not elegantly provided for. Stories used to be wafted abroad
to the effect that the women were jealous, that the children
quarreled and that the husband and father at such and even
at other times was harsh if not cruel in his demeanor to-
ward them. No greater falsehood was ever circulated, and
this is saying a good deal. From personal observation as
well as abundant other evidence, I say most unequivocally
that there never was a kinder, more impartial man to his
family; indeed, he was rather given to indulging them over
much.

Brigham Young's greatness of organization, leadership
and administration cannot be comprehended in a thought or
even several thoughts. What he did and what he accom-
plished together with the circumstances surrounding his
efforts must first be analyzed and understood. Look at the
subject in this way: It is an easy matter to get and hold com-
panies together so long as immediate gain is the incentive
and the promise of and belief in this are kept up to the
necessary standard to feed the appetite of cupidity. But to
hold a large company of people together when no promises
are given, when the certainty of fatigue, danger and priva-
tion is ever present and always prominent, with nothing better
to hope for for a long time to come if at all; to pilot them
into the most unknown, forbidding and dangerous places on
the continent and cause them to bear somewhat cheerfully
their burdens; to be able to "silence growling mutiny or bold
revolt" when, through some unforeseen and unavoidable cir-
cumstance a misfortune occurs; to keep such a surveillance
over details that nothing escapes attention, whether on the
road, in camp or at the final stopping place; to so supervise
matters in the new community that order will spring out of
chaos, that those who have may properly invest it and those

UTAH AS IT IS.

who have not may be put in the way of getting; to be a
solace to the afflicted, a comfort to the oppressed, a guide to
the bewildered, a menace to the wayward and a source of

THE PIONEER MONUMENT AND BRIGHAM YOUNG'S STATUE.

discipline, regularity and propriety to all — to be and do these
in the midst of such circumstances means to be a statesman
and a benefactor whose name and fame are secure for all
time.

THE MORMON CHURCH. 39-

The great leader was by no means an educated man and
vet he was far from being an ignorant one, and he estab-
lished as well as encouraged schools of all grades to the
fullest extent of the possibilities. He was not an orator, yet
when animated or provoked, words of appropriateness and
power fell from his lips in a torrent, the listener being held
as in a spell. He was acquisitive to a marked degree, but
was not penurious or at all lacking in genuine generosity.
Even if Mormonism had not found and held him, he would
have been a man of mark, a leader, a commander perhaps in
whatever community his fortunes had been cast. He could
not have been kept in the ranks anywhere. He was born
June i, 1801, at Whitingham, Vt.,and died August 29, 1877,
at Salt Lake City.

A lecture on this subject by the writer was published in
condensed form in \hejuvenile Instructor of September i5th
and October ist, 1897. The following extract therefrom, be-
ing somewhat of a personal tribute, will be a fitting conclu-
sion to this chapter:

His is one of the names that live and grow on and on
with the years, while all of them that is mortal reposes be-
neath the sod. It is only when we contemplate the character
and the fullness of one's work in the light of its results to
succeeding generations that we realize how great and good,
or the reverse, such work was, and by reason of this the
present generation is able to form a more comprehensive
estimate of Brigham Young's achievements and personal
worth than could the generation in which he lived. The
master mind, the iron will, the undaunted soul, the pioneer-
ing instinct and the religious zeal by means of which civiliza-
tion was planted and the State reared on this soil were all
marked features of the wonderful man. At the head of a
band containing men and women of different minds, inclina-
tions and instincts, all more or less unseasoned to the rigors
of such a journey as lay before them, all previously in pos-
session of the necessary things and many of the comforts of

40 UTAH AS IT IS.

life and therefore the victims now and then of despondency,
discouragement and weakness, he was at all times, in all
places and under all circumstances equal to every emergency.
Wnether infusing new hope into one of the faint-hearted by
means of cheering words, adding strength to the weary by
example and precept, strengthening by his testimony the
faith of those who through hunger and other suffering had
became disheartened, quelling any discontent that manifested
itself in words and acts by such sternness as the occasion
demanded, or infusing new courage into those who needed
it by his own intrepid and dauntless manner, in every vicissi-
tude he never forgot his position, never abated one jot of his
native dignity, and never failed in his purpose. He was a
guide whose unerring leadership was not the result of ex-
perience, but of inspiration; a shepherd whose flock never
strayed or broke apart, not because of constant watching,
driving or threatening, but by reason of that masterful power
of imparting organization and cohesiveness which was his
natural heritage; a general who even made the savages
of the desert allies rather than enemies. With a breadth of
view and comprehensiveness of the whole situation which but
few possessed and fewer still would exercise, he caused his
people to become husbandmen at once, to the exclusion of
other immediate pursuits. Realizing that the words of
George Washington, that "agriculture is the most useful, the
most honorable and the most healthful occupation of man"
were true but still only a part of the truth so far as related
to the Pioneers, it became their imperative duty to provide
first for the inner man, and let the outer man be a subsequent
consideration. Hunger must be assuaged before any other
means of yielding comfort to the human animal are attended
to, because prolonged hunger means death in lingering tor-
ments, and any phase of it such discomfort that the victim is
more or less disqualified for the time being from doing any-
thing beyond appeasing his appetite. What mattered it to
that hardy, determined band that the surrounding hills, silent

THE MORMON CHURCH. 41

and frowning in their awful majesty, were the repositories of
incalculable treasures of gold, silver and precious gems?
These could not be eaten or worn, nor could their possession
be of the slightest assistance, because there was nothing to
buy with them. The other storehouses of nature must be
appealed to and relied on, for therein lay the only hope of res-
cue from the unseen but still ever present hand of the de-
stroyer. To have gone hunting precious metals, or do ^any-
thing other than what was done — break up the virgin soil and
plant that physical aliment might follow — would have been
but to meet the destruction which was ever ready and willing
to come without being met. And yet many men, even under
such circumstances, knowing or believing that in the great
upheavals of the West were mineral deposits of vast value,
and that they were surrounded by them on all sides, would
have acted differently. So great is the disposition in a. ma-
jority of the race of man to acquire wealth more rapidly and
abundantly than by patient toil, that they seldom consider that
mere possessions are not of necessity riches — that only those
things in life which sustain or add to its comfort and happi-
ness constitute real values. The possession of all the glitter-
ing gold, the blazing silver and the sparkling stones repos-
ing fn the rocky breasts of our mountains would not have
made the Pioneers wealthy under such circumstances; let the
agricultural basis be first established upon a firm and stead-
fast footing, and then such possessions would add to their
wealth, but not otherwise; and realizing this, Brigham did not
encourage the mining industry until, with fertile fields in every
valley and bounteous gardens in every settlement, the people
were placed beyond the reach of famine. So soon as all had
enough and to spare, when they were able to flank the fields
of golden metal with fields of golden grain and exchange
some of one for some of the other without imperiling the
household, the opposition to mining began to wane and finally
not only disappeared altogether, but was encouraged. Cannot
the wayfarer, even though a fool, realize how statesmanlike

42 UTAH AS IT JS.

such a policy has shown itself to be? As a plain matter of
fact, the indisputable demonstrations of which appear on every
hand, Brigham Young was not opposed to anything that had
a tendency to advance, improve or upbuild mankind; more,
he was heartily in favor of such things and gave them not
only his moral but his material support. He was a friend to
advancement so long as it was along moral and beneficial
lines, but opposed to it when it led to or accompanied vice or
crime. So far from looking upon the advent of the Pacific
railway, with the non-Mormon accessions which it would
surely bring, with disfavor or regret, he gave it every en-
couragement in his power, and when it was determined that
it should leave the metropolis of Utah far to the south, where-
by great losses to itself and inconvenience to the people would
result, his was the first voice raised to have an independent
road constructed by means of which the principal city of the
commonwealth would be in close touch with the great artery
of commerce whose construction the Pioneers had advanced
by their presence here fully a quarter of a century. He
hailed the coming of the Pacific telegraph with unfeigned
delight and forwarded its construction in more ways than one.
There be those in this life who will see no good if there
is anything else to see. Such will see no beauty in the rose
because it is associated with thorns, and find the face of the
glorious god of day to be unbecoming because now and then
appear blotches on it. In a life filled with great achieve-
ments, accomplished for the most part in spite of discourage-
ments and temporary reverses, such people can discern
nothing creditable if the person be human with a measure of
human frailties. They admit, since they have to, that Brig-
ham Young led the Pioneer band across an unknown desert
into a barren land, kept them together and maintained a
watch over their welfare until they became more prosperous
and happier than in the place from which they had been ban-
ished; but this all counts for nothing — "He was, after all,'r
they say, "a despot who ruled with a rod of iron, a fanatic

THE MORMON CHURCH. 43

who could not separate religion from the ordinary affairs of
life." Very well; suppose we concede this for the time being.
Men's minds are not directed nor their actions controlled in
great emergencies by those who assume to lead without quali-
ties of leadership, and there can be no leadership without the
presence of a large quantity of iron in the soul; this makes a
man stern when sternness is required, immovable when all
around him is wavering, unshaken in the presence of Timor-
ous and Mistrust. In other words, such quality sets him in
opposition to the weakling, the faint-hearted, the dissident
and the adversary, and enables him to overcome one and all,
thus accomplishing the general object originally sought.
Anything less than this would fail, and with such failure the
cornmon cause would go down; and the exercise of such
power is what the world calls despotism — tyranny, even. This
is a grievous thing when wielded by such as Nero, Caligula
or Marat, but a grand thing when the means by which results
beneficial to mankind are wrested from the unwilling hands of
nature. Those who were able to work had to do their fair
proportion; the dishonest were summarily dealt with; to the
criminal was meted out a biblical measure of punishment; and
those who practiced immorality were given the option of go-
ing away or plying their vocation at their peril. These rules
were not like some of the laws on our statute books today—
they were not written at all, as a matter of fact — but they were
enforced. The fanaticism complained of conceived them, the
despotism to which objection is made enforced them. A tree
is to be judged by its fruit, and were not the objectionable
qualities pointed out as characteristics of Brigham Young
more beneficial to our race and more advantageous to our
time than anything else could possibly have been in the pres-
ence of such circumstances as surrounded him and his peo-
ple? I reiterate — a less determined man must have failed ig-
nominiously at every point; he failed at no point and at no
time, and we are in full possession of the benefits resulting
from his success. Is it not the part of gratitude, if not of

44 UTAH AS IT IS.

justice, to consider this and let the rest go, if there be any
"rest" to consider?

No bright auguries attended the birth, no sibyls issued
weird predictions and no unusual demonstrations on the earth
or in the air denoted the advent of the man Brigham Young.
There was no horoscope cast, no prefigurement by mystic
lore as to what he was to be and what he was to do. But it
was all forecast and the work which began when he began
could not have had its beginning without him. The preces-
sion of the equinoxes was not disturbed, the diurnal rotations
of the earth went on without a jar, there was no commotion
in the solar system as it revolves within itself and speeds upon
the wings of light upon its limitless course through the
depths of space, when he or any one else of mortal clay
was born; but shall we not say that some bright, particular
star hovers over and directs the course of each and every one
whose career shapes the destinies of so many of his race and
makes and unmakes the lines which separate states and na-
tions? We read and understand that the shepherds \vere
guided to the lowly manger where unswathed lay the Infant
whose mission then unfolded and unknown was the redemp-
tion and restoration of mankind; and why. in the light of
present knowledge and surrounding circumstances, may we
not look backward through the vista of years and see shining
brightly over the birthplace of Brigham Young, not a star
leading to Divinity, but one proceeding from it — the star
whose majestic sweep was first from the foetid and despotic
dynasties beyond the sea, then from the crowded seaboard to
the open and inviting valleys of the West, thence along a hid-
den trail which only the eye of inspiration could discern,
across trackless wastes to the future corner-stone of civiliza-
tion past the dome of the American continent! It was the
STAR OF EMPIRE which arose upon and hovered over him
till his work was done, the sway of enlightenment established,
the darkness and dreariness of the past banished forever from
the haunts of men. The time came and he came. New light,

THE MORMON CHURCH.

new measures must come upon the earth, so the unseen but
all-controlling power swung aside the gates behind which
from the dawn of our race was held in restraint the new era;
and as the clouds uplifted, the mists dispersed, and a glimpse
of the far-off land appeared before the restless, wondering
gaze of mankind, the question arose — Who shall dare to lead
us to it, who will make the pathway and establish the haven
of safety at the end? The angel of Destiny answered, placing
her hand upon his head, saying: "He is here; this is the man.
He is lowly and obscure; but it is such as he that the God of
Nations singles out and lifts up to fight the battles and subdue
the terrors of nature. He will lead you to the promised land
in safety and establish there the structure wherein life, liberty
and the pursuit of happiness shall find an abiding place for-
evermore."

THE LAST BESTING PLACE.

SOME EARLY EXPERIENCES

PRETTY HARD LIVING.

r I AHE want of proper food was, as it always is, a source of
•*• great discontent and great discomfort. Such things as
"square meals" were not to be thought of, at least they were
not to be had. To give an idea of how poorly the Pioneers
fared for two or three years. I will here reproduce a bill of
fare for a Sunday dinner late in 1847. It must be borne in
mind that this was an exceptionally good meal; for ordinary
occasions several of these items would not appear:

MENU.

Soup — Puree of Bacon and Greens.

Fish — Boiled Sucker, a la Jordan.

Game — Ragout of Jack Rabbit.

Entrees — Bacon, Greens, Mountain Air.

Removes — Hardtack and Flapjacks, with Jokes.

Fruit — Service berries and Segoes.
Wine — Adam's Ale, vin de City Creek.

Let those who so frequently open a meal with the query:
"Is there nothing fit to eat in the place?" — and they are quite
numerous — look over the above array and then hold their
peace; and, as previously suggested, it was an unusually fine
one, too. Greens were the staple, with bacon when any could
be got, but quite frequently without. Even with the season-
ing, they must have become a trifle monotonous after a while.

SOME EARLY EXPERIENCES. 47

Bacon and greens are sometimes a decided luxury, nearly
always so when their visits are measurably restricted; but to
have them fifty to a hundred times in succession would, I
should think, blunt the keenest appetite for such delicacies.
Nowadays, people have nothing worth naming unless they
can waste more than some of the Pioneers used at a meal.
Tempora mutantur, etc.

The fish item in the bill of fare reminds me that fishing
in the Jordan used to be not only great sport but combined
usefulness with it. This is a wonderful stream, being one of
the most treacherous on earth, and thereby the cause of many
deaths. It is somewhat muddy all the year round, except late
in the spring, when it proudly distinguishes itself by being
muddier than ever. Suckers and chubs of good size abounded,
and occasionally a trout was hooked and borne away in tri-
umph. Nowadays a person has time to think over most of his
sins before getting a bite, but then the markets are now well
stocked, and there is plenty of money to buy fish with — some-
where.

More attention was bestowed upon the young crops than
anything else, and properly so. They meant everything in a
temporal sense to the State builders, and were never too
abundant even with the most untiring care. In the summer
of 1848 a number of men — among whom was Apostle Parley
P. Pratt, whose alliterative name was extended by the titles of
prophet, priest and poet, and who was subsequently assassin-
ated in Arkansas — were hoeing and in various ways encourag-
ing the growth of corn at a spot near where the grand City and
County building now stands. The stalks were few and far
between, and from the descriptions must have made a person
think of home and friends to look at them. They were dying
for want of rain, and upon them was the dependence for bread
for a year to come. Something must be done. All at once
the Apostle said: "Brethren, I move that we have rain!" The
motion was seconded by Albert Dewey, and carried. At
once a cloud no larger than a man's hand arose on the hori-

UTAH AS IT IS.

zon; it grew and spread, and in less than an hour the party
were huddled under a wagon for shelter from the downpour.
It came in torrents, and notwithstanding the shelter every one
of the party went home soaked, but no one complained of
that for an instant. The crops grew fast and matured finely;
the people were saved.

To the unorthodox mind which may receive with some
credence this true recital, there will be but one expression
regarding the circumstance — that it was a singular coinci-
dence. The writer has his own idea regarding it, but suffice
it to say that it occurred and substantially as herein stated. It
was not, however, the only rescue from starvation by many.
One more notable and general was a year later, when the
growing grain was threatened by vast armies of voracious
crickets. They had not long practiced their depredations
when large flocks of sea-gulls dawned upon the scene,
pounced upon the predatory insects and devoured them with

THE MOTION CARHIED.

SOME EARLY EXPERIENCES. 49

great rapidity, not ceasing in their work till the menace was
abated. Perhaps this was a coincidence, too. We are all
familiar with the old chestnut of how Rome was saved by
geese; but I hope this little recital of Utah being saved by sea-
gulls may be a new thing to at least a few readers.

At this point it is proper to say that the seagull is a sa-
cred bird in Utah, having been fully and deservedly protected
by law. It is a crime severely punishable to kill one of them,
and they seem to be aware of it, for they never show the
timidity or alarm of other birds when approached by the

HOME OF UTAH'S SACRED BIRD-HAT ISLAND, IN THE GREAT SALT LAKE.

human animal. Indeed, the gull will follow with impunity in
the wake of the plowman, right at his heels, and devour the
worms which the furrows turn up. What a grateful, for-
bearing creature is man when the law compels him to be!

Thus the people worried along and held on in the midst
of their discouragements, and discouraged they must have
been at times "hard and plenty." Asking for bread and re-
ceiving a stone is a performance that soon tells upon the
strongest and most courageous, so that now and then one who

50 UTAH AS IT IS.

had endured faithfully up to that time fell by the way and
passed to the rear. The great body, however, were by no
means swayed, but if anything were bound more firmly to-
gether and made more determined by the repeated and long-
continued hardships. We all know how difficult it is to
reason with hungry people; the hunger will assert itself to the
exclusion of other considerations, and if there is any yield,
bend or break in a man it will assuredly show itself when he
becomes ravenous through prolonged fasting and the flesh-
pots of Egypt are promised him if he will only go to Egypt.
Some idea of the steadfastness of the colonizers of Utah can
therefore be had by considering the condition of things pre-
vailing until the community numbered thousands, and out of
these not to exceed a baker's dozen gave up the ship!

It began to look as if the people were to become inured
to all kinds of hard times before being permitted to enjoy any-
thing in the line of good ones, and so it proved to be. One
misfortune, to paraphrase "Hamlet," trod upon another's
heels, so fast they came. Yet there was not as much com-
plaining as there is today, with abundance prevailing on every
hand and comfort smiling from all corners. The indurating
experiences of the people bound them together and kept ever
before them the sacred compact by which their life-work was
gauged and directed, just as luxuriousness and possessions
have tended to loosen up and cause a drifting apart in many
instances.

It was a long time before there was enough even of
breadstuffs to enable the people to look upon their situation
with entire complacency and confidence, and until that time
came there were many sorrowful and doubtless some terrible
occasions. During one of those years, when destitution in the
matter of food supply was so nearly reached that it seemed
as if the famine of '48 were to be gone over again, Pres-
ident Young came to the rescue in a manner so effective and
yet so quiet that it is doubtful if the reader has ever heard of
it. (I gain this information from the President's steward-in-

SOME EARLY EXPERIENCES. 51

chief at that time, H. G. Park, now proprietor of the Manitou
Hotel in this city, who alone was made the means of
carrying out the plan.) It was already a time of the great-
est scarcity, but a look-ahead eye could see that the worst was
to come. There was still some little flour for sale, but it was
held at such prices that, so far as the majority were con-
cerned, it might as well have no existence at all. It was then
that the President told Mr. Park to take some money with
which he was then entrusted, buy up all the flour he could
find for sale and put it away in a safe place, and whenever a
case of actual want came to his notice to relieve it at once
without pay. Not a pound was to be sold by him at any
price, and no family or member of one — the President's own
not excepted — was to be favored more than any other under
similar circumstances. By this means much suffering was
averted, perhaps in some cases starvation itself was kept at
bay.

MONEY AND TRADE.

WHILE the object of the Pioneers and those who came
here soon after the first settlement was made was not the
pursuit of wealth nor partaking in any sense of the nature
of speculation, it still followed that transactions between man
and man must prevail to some extent. This grows into
trade, trade into business establishments, and out of it all
commercial regularity in one form or another to an extent
governed by circumstances is brought into existence. While
at the first, and to a diminishing extent later on, this may
be carried on by means of barter and trade, yet there must
in all cases come a time when all such systems must be found
too burdensome and slow and some form of money be used
to effect exchanges with. The Pioneers brought but little
cash with them, practically none at all. There were two
reasons for this — they were coming to a place where there

52 UTAH AS IT IS.

was nothing to be bought, so it could not do them much
good, and having to leave their property without compensa-
tion as a general thing, their earthly possessions did not
include large quantities of anything in particular, especially
money. They were going into the business of empire-build-
ing a "long ways from anywhere," with no other means of
transportation than their wagons, teams and ability to walk,
and with no other capital than what would remain when the
journey was completed, their endless perseverance, their
splendid energy, their dauntless faith, and the soil upon
which they settled. The small quantities of coin, even if
put into general circulation, could not have accomplished
much, but we may readily understand that not a great deal
of the aggregate amount was allowed to escape; being sur-
rounded by such circumstances as made other things of
more consequence, it was just as well to let the shining pieces
remain where they were until the time came when it would
be advantageous to bring them forth. This time, compared
with the conditions which they had previously known, must
have seemed very long, but it came of course.

Improved circumstances necessarily meant an increased
demand for the coinage of the realm or something in lieu
thereof, so that values might be transferred without having
to receive corresponding values, but merely the tokens rep-
resenting such values, in return. Understanding full well
that in the love of money lies the chief source of evil, the
people also comprehended. that a sufficiency of the article to
go around and simplify things was many degrees removed
from evil.

It is not known to many, but is a fact notwithstanding,
that the first coinage of the precious metals on the Pacific
coast was not accomplished at either Sacramento or Carson,
but at Salt Lake City. Returning members of the Mormon
Battalion had brought small bags of "dust" (nuggets) with
them from California, which, together with some few desul-
tory finds in the neighborhood, had made the ruddy metal

SOME EARLY EXPERIENCES.

tolerably plentiful for a time. But passing particles of gold
from hand to hand as a means of effecting exchanges was a
rather clumsy performance and necessitated the carrying or
of having conveniently at hand a pair of scales with which to
fix the quantity. So it was determined to establish a mint
for local purposes exclusively, in which nothing in the simil-
itude of Uncle Sam's coinage should be brought forth, but

without alloy
ferent de-
stamped with
the metal
con ta ined.
made

were

merelypieces
bearing dif-
vices and
the value of
which they

The first dies FIRST COINAGE OF THE WEST.
by John Kay, and consisted of $2.50, $5 and $10 denomina-
tions, but the work was so inartistically performed that it
was deemed best to have something better, whereupon a
set of dies was constructed by J. M. Barlow, whose product
was pronounced excellent, and which was kept up until or-
dered discontinued by Governor Cummings. An accurate
picture of these coins appears herewith.

The constantly increasing pilgrimage of Argonauts in
real life to California had an excellent effect in the direction
of circulating the money of the country among the people.
It should be understood that at first the difficulties of the
overland trip, added to its great duration, caused the Pacific
coast business to be divided with the ship lines via the Isth-
mus of Panama, which was longer both in point of time and
distance traversed but was less irksome and freer from dan-
gers such as loomed up or existed insidiously along the trans-
continental trails. Naturally, for a time, the great bulk of
the trade was by the water route; but with the increasing
and spreading knowledge of the splendidly equipped "half-
way house" which the Mormons had established, with its
ramifications constantly extending in every direction, and the
certainty of being able to cut the overland journey in two by
making Salt Lake the objective point to begin with, where

54 UTAH AS IT IS.

rest, recruiting and a new equipment could be had. there
came a change. The ship routes began to fall off as the
wagon roads gained, and the increased traffic in the midst of
the people hereabout was a matter of course. For a com-
munity composed of a lot of exiles who began business with-
out capital in the midst of the American desert to be a
competitor of the great ship transportation companies oper-
ating in the full flush of all manner of civilization, and a
successful competitor at that, is one of the funniest things,
when it is fully considered, I ever heard of. Mark Twain
tells about being mired in the Platte on an overland stage,
and extrication for sometime seemed very doubtful; he then
wondered if, after having made two trips in safety across the
Atlantic ocean and countless numbers of them on the Missis-
sippi, he was destined at last to drown in the heart of a great
desert! The humor of the thing proceeds from the same
source in either case — the contrasts whicn varying nature sur-
rounds her children with.

Well, there was for a time an abundance of cash, but
the volume declined as the overland traffic fell off. correspond-
ing with the gradual shortening of the gold supply in Califor-
nia and the increasing influx ot people there. But the hardest
part of the situation was past, and with the assistance derived
the people could manage to get along very well.

ORIGINAL ABORIGINAL INCIDENTS.

FOR a long time the Indians were peaceable, even friendly,'
and it may be readily comprehended that this state of things
was encouraged to the utmost. Undoubtedly the knowledge
on the part of the savages that the invaders had improved fire-
arms which they knew how to use and always kept their
powder dry had its effect; but it was not altogether owing to
this by any means. President Young's policy and that of

SOME EARLY EXPERIENCES. 55

nearly all the Pioneers from the start was to be prepared
always for any possible outbreak, but never to be the aggres-
sors, never to deceive or defraud the Indians, and always to
treat them with as much kindness and liberality as circum-
stances would permit. What the red men lack in the matter
of scholastic attainments they make up for in native instinct,
this in some cases amounting to a discernment and comprehen-
sion of things which are actually wonderful; so they were not
long in discovering that all white people were not alike, that
their new neighbors did not come among them to kill, or
harass, or steal, or introduce bad habits, and above all that the
strangers did not relv exclusively upon their firearms nor
superior death-dealing capacity for protection. No; the Pio-
neers only wanted as much of the possessors' estate as could
be used properly and profitably, and as the latter had no
earthly use for it — it being destitute of the better kind-s of
game and altogether unproductive without labor — there was
for a time not even a remonstrance against the new situation.
Thus things went along for some time. While emigrant trains
other than those of the Mormons were compelled to run the
gauntlet almost every mile after leaving the ' Missouri river,
while they were watched continually, whether aware of it or
not, their stock stolen at every opportunity, and one or more
and some times all of a company murdered and mutilated, the
Mormons almost invariably got through without serious
trouble of any kind, losing but little property and no lives at
all from the cause named for a long time.

While it is true that the Indians were and have ever re-
mained on terms of amity with the Mormons as a rule, there
have been some exceptions, but not many; when the indis-
criminate barbarity of the savages, as shown in the massacre
in 1854 °f tne Gunnison party — who had uniformly treated
them kindly — is considered, this condition of things becomes
little less than wonderful. It is also true that the Indians
fought each other — the different tribes, of course — with a con-
tinuity and zest worthy a better cause. The placid demeanor

56 UTAH AS IT IS.

which the white people maintained when listening to a recital
of a battle between the hostiles, in which several had fallen to
rise no more, is suggestive of an incident which occurred
many years later, when the Union Pacific Railway was in
process of construction. At Green River one of the working
parties precipitated a riot which became general; firearms
were used, some few were killed and many injured more or
less severely. In a terror-stricken condition the telegraph
operator — who seems to have been about the only non-com-
batant on the ground — rushed to his key and sent a message
to the superintendent of construction at Omaha, saying: "A
riot going on here. The road workmen are shooting and
killing each other. What shall I do?" In a few minutes this
answer and no other was returned: "Encourage the killing
all you can."

During the cricket plague previously spoken of, the pests
were gathered by the bagful, dried and ground into meal by
the Indians, out of which a bread (said to be) quite nutritious
and palatable was made. Anyway, the red brethren enjoyed
it, and if they didn't get fat on it, it was doubtless for the rea-
son that it is a difficult matter to fatten an Indian. In company
with his fellow vandal the grasshopper, the cricket still plies
his unholy vocation, but not on as grand a scale as formerly.
There is no immediate prospect of their extinction, either; for,
since the Indians have found out that white peoples' bread is
preferable and can be had as a general thing with no greater
exertion than asking for it (which none of them has the
slightest hesitancy regarding), they have almost entirely
abandoned cricket cakes and grasshopper stews, and as a
natural result about the only diminution that befalls the de-
stroyers is such as is wrought by those who raise the other
kind of breadstuffs.

The first recorded troubles with the natives occurred
during the fall of 1849. Provo had but recently been estab-
lished, the ground and stream on which it was situated being
(claimed as) the property of a tribe or band known as the

SOME EARLY EXPERIENCES. 57

Timpanogas, and these as a body had never consented to the
occupation. Their chiefs (Sowiette and Walker), however,
ha'd not only tolerated the proceeding but extended an invita-
tion to the whites to come. It is easy to understand how such
a situation created friction and this increased from time to
time. Walker's enmity and treachery were constantly in evi-
dence, and he had now an aider and abettor in the person of
a chief called Elk. The Indians stole whatever they could
get hold of, becoming bolder as time advanced, and not in-
frequently firing upon those who were at times compelled to
be in exposed places. At last an engagement took place at a
point just east of where the town of Pleasant Grove now is,
the stream on which it occurred acquiring the name of Battle
Creek, which was straining the proprieties a little, as the en-
counter was hardly a "battle;" it was, however, considerable
of a fight, especially for those days, and resulted in the defeat
and rout of the natives, who were commanded — rather indif-
ferently, one would think — by Chief Roman Nose. This
name was of necessity a gift of the white interloper, as the
red men knew of none of our distinctions regarding the nasal
organ and had of course never heard of Rome, Romans or
Roman characteristics in all their lives. Five of his men were
slain and several wounded; the whites, under Colonel John
Scott, suffered no injuries whatever.

In accordance with the confessional of some of the
Christian sects, the Indians have done many things they
should not have done and left undone some things they should
have done, and the white transgressor is not responsible for
all of it. For example, the untutored savage can give the
white despoiler cards, spades and an ace or two and then beat
him at lying anywhere and stealing when on or near his own
heather. He has a natural appetite for liquor which he as-
suages whenever the opportunity is presented, whereby both
the Government and the State have found it necessary to en-
act stringent measures involving severe penalties against
letting Indians have intoxicants of any kind; and he smoked

58 UTAH AS IT IS.

before he ever beheld a white transgressor. He is also no
slouch at card gambling where experience has been had. but
his perennial impecuniosity — except where kept in surveil-
lance and at work, as on Government reservations or in little
communities adjacent to and overseen by the whites — has
more than anything else perhaps been the means of cutting
him out of a record in that always flourishing industry.

The Indian is cunning and his proneness to deception
helps him in this respect, but when candid he is apt to be
brutally so, as witness: A romantic young woman who might
have been brought up within the precincts of classic Boston
and whose conception of the noble red man had been ob-
tained from Fennimore Cooper's works, Longfellow's
"Hiawatha" and similar publications met her first Indian face to
face while visiting friends in the far and (to her) uncivilized
West. The specimen was a healthy-looking, good-sized
buck, well appearing as Indians go and not so dirty as most
of them, and on his face there appeared from the midst of the
paint and clay an expression of care and pain. The maiden
turned loose on him in this gushing style — "Alas, noble scion
of the forest, have you wandered from your home to visit
again the haunts once all your own but now usurped by the
ruthless vandals who have despoiled you? Does it not afford
you gloomy satisfaction to once more look upon the landscape
now defiled and breathe anew the air now made noisome by
the oppressors of your race? Is that why you look so soul-
fully sad?"

The "noble scion" seemed to understand that she was
asking after his health but had not correctly diagnosed the
case, so with a grunt he replied in all his native dignity:

"Ugh, ugh! Too much drink whisky, too much eat sour
beans. Heap dam sick!"

I never learned what became of the girl, but hope noth-
ing serious befell her.

Shortly after the people had became domiciled here, a
begging squaw (some people — heaven help them! — claim

SOME EARLY EXPERIENCES.

they have seen beautiful squaws), wandered to the doorway
of Bishop Edward Hunter, a portly Pioneer and one of the
best men that ever wore clothes. Having nothing else handy
he gave her a small piece of bacon, no doubt the first she had
ever had. The next morning his front yard was filled with
female Indians of all ages, sizes and, I was going to say, con-
ditions in life, but will not; the natives who have not yet been
contaminated by the invaders and brought into some degree
of usefulness have but one condition — that of unceasing want.

NATIVE BEAUTIES, BIG AND LITTLE.

The cry from the assembled host at once went up — "Bishop,
gimme little piece bacon!" Seeing what a big job he was up
against, the Bishop waved his hand deprecatingly and called
out with all the voice he could muster — "Go 'way, squaw, go
'way!" which the squaws "to a man" refused to do until a
compromise was effected, this being on bread and flour. The

60 UTAH AS IT IS.

practice holds to this day, the few prowlers that are left ex-
pecting rations at whatever domicile they happen to honor
with a call and seldom being disappointed, which is all right,
too.

Some thirty-five years ago the Navajoes occupying the
southern borders of Utah, concluding no doubt that the weak
and piping times of peace had been in vogue so long that they
were getting enervated, concluded to take the war-path, which
they inaugurated in the time-honored way by stealing all the
white people's stock they could find on the ranges. Some re-
sistance was made in places and the whites got the worst of
it. In one of the raids Dr. Whittemore of St. George was
killed and his body left where it fell upon the snow. Other
snowfalls completely concealed it and it was found only after
a wearisome search by a posse which went out for the pur-
pose. The men succeeded in regathering some of the stock
and with it a couple of young braves in charge. These were
separated for cross-examination. Getting an account of the
doctor's body from one, the rescuers then paid their respects
to the other. They began by saying — "This other Indian has
told us all about this matter; now if you don't tell us the same
thing he did we will hang both of you." With the utmost
complacency the savage replied — "All right, what did he say?"
Notwithstanding the seriousness of the situation, all hands had
to laugh. The body was recovered and a good deal of stock
recaptured, but there was "heaps of fighting" before it was
all over, in which James Andrus, now Bishop of St. George,
showed himself to be one of the most intrepid and sagacious
Indian fighters in the business. There were others; in fact,
nearly all the colonizers of that country showed that they could
as readily employ means to crush as to conciliate when the
latter failed, as it often did because of the natives construing it
as a sign of weakness or timidity. They learned better in time
in the costly school of experience. Of course they learned
slowly and not so well that no watchfulness and care have not
since been needed. Before subsiding, however, a gang of

SOME EARLY EXPERIENCES. 61

them wantonly slew Franklin B. Woolley, at a point near the
Utah line and the Colorado river, in Arizona; he was re-
turning from Southern California with a load of goods, and
was a prominent, respected citizen. The tragedy occurred in
1869. Others took place about the same time, before and
after, among them the more than savage slaughter in Sanpete
of J. W. Vance and Heber Houtz; O. P. Miles and Nathan
Tanner, Jr., who were attacked at the same time, escaped.
To enumerate all such cases would be quite impossible.

For many years before the railroad reached Sanpete an
enterprising cattle thief and cut-throat named Black Hawk, at
the head of a band of native Boxers who differed from him in
rascality only in degree, made life for the whites a period of
unceasing watchfulness and anxiety, especially to travelers.
The people came nearer reproducing the practices of the Ply-
mouth Rock forefathers by taking muskets to church with
them than has been the case, perhaps, with any other part of
the West. When the dusky scoundrel previously spoken of
took a notion for a fresh supply of beef, mutton or what not,
if he could find enough outside the towns to satisfy him and
could add to his trophies a light-haired scalp or so, well and
good; otherwise he showed no false delicacy or overstrained
breeding in the matter, but just simply entered the nearest
town and levied tribute for what was required. It was gen-
erally forthcoming. The depredations of this prime agent of
old Satan and his band, if enumerated and detailed, would fill
a volume as large as this; and the suppression of the gang
was only effected after the peace policy had been abandoned
and fighting men were put upon his trail, which soon brought
him to terms, a suitor for peace. His greatness then became
a story of former days, but he made things lively, or deadly,
rather, for the people while it lasted. He numbered his
scalps by the hundred and his. stolen cattle by the thousand-
The command which did so much toward extinguishing his
career still maintains an organized existence as the Black
Hawk Veterans, although this was not their only service, and

62 UTAH AS IT IS.

a right splendid body of men they are. Uncle Sam owes them
and others, along with the commonwealth, over a million dol-
lars on account of services rendered and damages through the
depredations of his wards. He receives the bill every now
and then with his blandest smile and shows on each occasion
that he is entirely willing to — keep on owing it.

The Indians are known to Mormon history as Lamanites,
but even in his primeval estate (as set forth by the Book of
Mormon) he was blood-thirsty, cruel, crafty and, on the whole,
a thoroughly bad citizen. And yet he is to become "white
and delightsome," as we learn from authority not to be dis-
puted. It will be observed, however, that the word "white"
occurs before the other, and is beyond doubt a condition
precedent thereto. In the language of the song, "It ain't
going to happen this year."

ORGANIZATION AND GROWTH.

THE STATE OF DESERET AND ITS EARLY
OFFICERS— TERRITORY OF UTAH.

A PROVISIONAL State government with the previously
unheard-of name of Deseret was organized as soon as
there was enough cohesiveness at hand to do it with, and
there we mark the foundation stones of the commonwealth.
Naturally enough President Young became Governor Young;
Heber C. Kimball was Lieutenant Governor and Daniel H.
Wells Chief Justice. Quite a family party, this! However,
all hands participated in it, all were satisfied, and as the of-
ficials in their secular capacity did not have much to do, it
was not a difficult matter to carry the incidental honors and
still less to handle the salaries received, these amounting to (I
believe) the said honors, great expectations and the confidence
of the people. Few officials of that, this or any intervening
time were so well compensated, especially as relates to the
latter item. The State government was destined to have an
ephemeral career, for in the fall of 1850 an act organizing
the Territory of Utah got through Congress, and received
President Fillmore's signature, this being the response of the
Administration to the request for admission as a State for-
merly presented by special delegate A. W. Babbitt. The
President was, on the whole, a good man, whose sense of
justice was not allowed to become obscured or weakened be-
cause of his determination to rigidly enforce the laws; so he
continued Governor Young in office (with a salary at that!)

64 UTAH AS IT IS.

but ''cleaned the platter" with tolerable thoroughness other-
wise, some of his judicial appointments being especially
objectionable.

To be altogether fair (which is what we all ought to aim
at continually and reach at least once in a while) the judiciary
in the early days here had pretty "hard sledding." It should
be remembered that districts were then magnificent only in
their distances. It sometimes required a long, laborious ride
through a rough, almost desolate region to reach the seat of
justice, and reaching it the accommodations were a long way
from being ample. The whole situation was saturated with
rawness and discomfort; added to which was the beggarly
salary paid — $1800 per annum — not so much as any first-class
lawyer could make even in those days at any place where
there was a nucleus of civilization, and this circumstance,
placing them as it did under a cloud, added somewhat to the
displeasure. Even as late as 1861, about which time the
writer had the honor of dawning upon the scene, there were
many things in life which must have been much more desir-
able than eking out a subsistence upon an income which had
already been cut into severely in the process of getting here,
carrying a certain percentage of dignity, being subjected to
the drawbacks previously spoken of, and being looked upon
as a third or fourth-rate lawyer; to deserve the latter, as may
have been the case now and then, was not the most encour-
aging feature of the case by any means.

L. G. Brandeberg was the first Chief Justice by appoint-
ment of the President. He carried himself for a while some-
what becomingly and made as good a record as could be
made where the materials were so meagre. It should be re-
membered that in the very early days there was but little
litigation and still less crime; while the former being largely
left to arbitration or to Bishops acting as magistrates, made
judicial proceedings, what few times they did occur, the near-
est possible thing to a barren idealty. Those who wanted to
go to court had the privilege and the opportunity; Uncle Sam

ORGANIZATION AND GROWTH. 65

generously kept the temples of justice open and in running
order for that purpose, paying all expenses himself. There
were, however, so few who availed themselves of this open-
h inded generosity that the judges had as a rule more occasion
to illustrate Chesterfield than to expound Blackstone, and
from the force of inaction (or "non-user," to resort to legal
parlance) doubtless in some cases returned to the East poorer
lawyers than when they left it — if such a thing were possible.
Brandeburg and Associate Justice Brocchus finally deserted
their posts, along with Territorial Secretary Harris, and
the trio wended their way to Washington, where they report-
ed in manner and form that the Mormons were a pretty hard
lot and extremely reticent in the matter of intercourse with
strangers. The Secretary was a man with a thrifty turn of
mind, so much so that when he bade Zion's populace adieu
and set his face toward the land of his fathers, some $24,000
that had been appropriated by Congress to pay the expenses
of the first Legislature accompanied him; also the great seal
of the Territory and such records as he had found time to
compile. "Eccentricities" of this kind were not so common
then as they have since become, and there was wonderment
thereat, followed by a mild form of indignation, this resulting
in an explanation to headquarters and a protest. Of course
the Government made it right, as it. has in (I believe) every
case in which public service was rendered at its request, ac-
tual or implied.

The severe experiences through which some of the
judges had to pass at times in reaching their respective head-
quarters and the difficulties encountered in making proceed-
ings conform to settled practice cannot be better illustrated
than by an incident which occurred at Beaver some years
after the circumstances previously narrated. In order that his
papers might be kept securely, a certain associate justice
kept them in his hat! This was of the "nail-keg" pattern,
and the space for keeping documents was therefore ample.
But one day, while proceeding to court and a high wind was

66 UTAH AS IT IS.

blowing, an unusually severe blast swept the tile from the
judicial head and sent it scurrying along the street, scattering
the papers in various directions. A bench warrant wrhich his
honor intended to have served within the hour was found next
day reposing snugly in an alcove of a hay stack; a memoran-
dum of costs in a civil action was impaled upon the sharp
point of a quaking asp pole in a wood pile; and a subpcena
duces tecum commanding the one addressed to appear in
court at a certain time and have with him then and there cer-
tain books and documents, was sent hurtling along the State
road in the direction of Beaver river and was seen no more.

SNAIL-PACED COMMUNICATION— A CONTRAST.

GOVERNOR YOUNG was not the onlyMormon to hold office
under the new deal by any means. At the same time that his
appointment was made, the late Zerubbabel Snow was given
the position of Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, Seth
M. Blair became United States Attorney and Joseph L. Hey-
wood United States Marshal. All the other officials were
importations. Judge Snow narrowly escaped being one, hav-
ing a short time previous to his entrance upon official life and
settling down in Utah been a "Buckeye," as Ohio people are
sometimes called, greatly to their dislike. This was a very
fair allotment of the official loaves and fishes; in the light of
the system that obtained soon after and was kept up till Pres-
ident Harrison's administration, it was amazingly fair. It got
to be a case of "no Mormon need apply," and not only this,
but no resident either. The rule was departed from occa-
sionally, but not often enough to excite wonder or much com-
ment.

It is a well understood fact that conditions and circum-
stances often prevail in our midst without our knowing or
even suspecting anything of the kind. We observe the es-

ORGANIZATION AND GROWTH. 67

caping steam of an engine's whistle at some distance quite a
while before hearing the whistle, because the waves of air
transport appearances more rapidly than they do sound. It
was the case that the people of Utah were invested with a Ter-
ritorial form of government some time before they were aware
of it. A more vivid contrast with present or recent condi-
tions than such an incident could scarcely be imagined. The
information first came by a party of Mormons, who had just
returned from Southern California. This was in January,
1851, the organic act having been approved on the pth of
September previously — only four months! Even then there
was no official communication, on the subject; it was read by
one of the party in a New York paper which had reached
California via the Isthmus of Panama; so that the news in
reaching Utah from Washington had traveled — first, to New
York; thence down the Atlantic coast a thousand miles or
more, gradually swinging outward upon the broad bosom of
the Atlantic, passing the West Indies to the East and then
into and across the Caribbean sea, which brought it to the
eastern side of the Isthmus; then overland across the narrow
strip to the Pacific; thence along the Pacific coast to San
Francisco, then southward to Los Angeles, where the paper
with the glad tidings was obtained and then brought to Salt
Lake. No wonder it took four months! Let the reader
figure out the distance traveled for himself; I am too busy
just now. After completing the job he can then reflect upon
the pace by and the extent to which advancement has been
made.

With a realization of the fitness of things and a disposi-
tion to be fully abreast of every occasion which have already
been shown to be characteristic of the man, Governor Young
lost no time in the matter of placing himself and his people in
accord with the new order of things. Without waiting for
the official notification of his appointment or for the knowl-
edge of who were to be his official associates to reach him, he
at once went before Chief Justice Wells and took the oath of

68 UTAH AS IT IS.

office, thus being for a time the only officer in the new Terri-
tory. This put an end to the State of Deseret forever. The
name is still used in a fanciful, and sometimes in a poetic
sense, but its political phase has left it completely, and in our
Constitutional Convention, which adopted the name ot our
State among its other duties, the word was scarcely, if at all,
mentioned. Various institutions which once carried the name,
notably the University, have dropped it entirely; the News
publication, however, retains it. It is supposed by many to
be too suggestive of Church rule to be appropriate or desir-
able in this day and generation. Some people are very sen-
sitive regarding such questions; their sensitiveness, however,
it should be observed, has not led them as a rule to a realiza-
tion of the manifest fact that had there been no Deseret there
would be no Utah — had there been no State founded by Brig-
ham Young, Wilford Woodruff, Heber C. Kimball and others
as a result of religious devotion, there would today be no
commonwealth reared on a non-religious foundation and
gauged to secular lines.

POPULATION— FIRST ELECTION— PAST
OFFICERS.

NOTWITHSTANDING the great difficulty of getting to Zion
in the early days, the population increased rapidly. By births
and other accessions the numbers of the people were being
steadily augmented, emigration of course, as has been the
case all along, being entitled to the credit of the greater part
of it. The first census, completed April ist, 1851, showed
the population to be as follows: Salt Lake County- — with
the cumbersome "Great" prefixed — 6155; Utah County, 2005;
Weber County, 1143; Davis County, 1128; Sanpete County,
365; Iron County, 360; Tooele County, 152; the unorgan-
ized district in the eastern part of the Territory known as
Green River precinct, 46; total: 11,354, of which 6026 were
males and 5,328 females.

The first general election in Utah occurred, pursuant to

ORGANIZATION AND GROWTH. 69

this enumeration, on the first Monday in August following.
A Delegate to Congress and a Legislative Assembly were
chosen. The representation allotted by Congress was thir-
teen Councilors and twenty-six Representatives, which, con-
sidering the population, was very liberal indeed. It was in a
decidedly inverse ratio to what was allowed a quarter of a
century or thereabout later, when the numbers of the peo-
ple had increased fully fifteen fold, and the allotment was
reduced to twelve Councilors and twenty-four Representa-
tives. Dr. John M. Bernhisel was elected to Congress with-
out'opposition. He did not run as a Democrat, a Republi-
can or a Whig — which latter he claimed to be his political
faith — but simply as one of the people who chose him. The
Legislature was chosen on the same plan. Politics, like
mining, the people had no present use for, but that they have
drifted into both about as far as human beings ever get, is as
well known to the reader as to the writer. As to which es-
tate they were the better off in, each can form a judgment
for himself.

The next decided stride in the direction of an improved
civilization was the establishment of post offices, which was
fully accomplished in 1852. Of course Salt Lake City — with
the "Great" as before — had one prior to this time, it being the
first, but after that they were provided one by one until all
the settlements of any consequence were in possession of
this indispensable adjunct of modern advancement. Willard
Richards was the first postmaster here, and he held his place
without being subjected to the annoyance that has befallen so
many of his successors in office — the fear of a change of ad-
ministration being the means of some one else getting the
place.

MERCHANDISING AND MUNICIPALITIES.

THINGS went steadily along, the days growing into months,
these into years, and each with its allotment ot trials, troubles

70 UTAH AS IT IS.

and strifes, as well as its achievements, its triumphs, its prog-
ress and its pleasures. The general store for merchandising
purposes could not long be kept out of a growing community
like that of Great Salt Lake City (as it was first called),
notwithstanding the almost exasperating slowness of trans-
portation and the aH but fabulous sums which it cost to bring
goods so far. The people had been here but a little more
than two years, when a couple of men not of their faith
reached trie city with all the details of a first-class country
store. They were received without the slightest opposition,
and at once established themselves in what proved to be a
very profitable business. The firm name was Livingston &
Kinkead, but it afterwards became Livingston, Bell & Co. A
year later another firm (Halladay & Warner) also non-
Mormons, set up in business here. The late William H.
Hooper came next, and from this time on business concerns
of various kinds increased rapidly. The stocks in every case
were comparatively limited, and when any particular article
was exhausted it might be and often was a long time before
any more could be got. Staple articles were sold in limited
quantities so as to make them go around, and the prices were
something which the younger generation of Utah, who have
enjoyed the benefits of railway communication, can form no
just opinion of. As I once heard President George A. Smith
say — "They charged till they were out of breath and then
wrote the rest." In order that a glimpse of the contrasted
conditions may be obtained, I will here mention one item:
Calico which can now be bought for five or six cents a yard,
in 1850 sold for eight to ten times as much, and no family
was allowed to purchase more than a certain amount, corres-
ponding with the stock on hand, no matter what price might
be offered. A girl with a new calico dress in those days must
have been an object of admiration if not of envy, which shows
how much we have changed in another respect.

This city was incorporated by the Legislature of the
"State of Deseret" in January, 1851; it was followed in rapid

ORGANIZATION AND GROWTH. 71

succession by similar action in behalf of Ogden, Manti, Provo
and Parowan "cities," some of which contained then as many
as a dozen families and probably one hundred people. They
have all grown considerably with the exception of Parowan,
which is but little forger now than it was a few years after
being settled, having less than one thousand inhabitants. The
incorporation scheme seemed to work very well, however.

THE PONY EXPRESS.

THE subject of communication with the outside world is
ever an important one with colonists, and to none of these
was it ever more so than to those who first peopled Utah.
Having established themselves in their new and permanent
homes, and beheld the nucleus planted here expanding and
ramifying day by day, the feeling of isolation while bringing
with it a sense of security from mobs and immunity from
organized lawlessness, was by no means completely com-
fortable. It has previously been suggested that the Pioneers
had effected a physical separation, but many soulful ties and
ineradicable memories remained. The desire to know what
former friends were doing, how they were getting along, and
that thirst which comes of a learning of the ways and means
of mankind through education and association were all inex-
tinguishable, and every proposition looking to the advance-
ment of means by which private and public intelligence could
be transmitted, received all the encouragement which a people
not yet reclothed with such ability to do as they were com-
pelled to leave behind could give. At such a time the words
"Overland Mail" had a sound which for a long time the sub-
stance failed to justify. It has already been stated how un-
certain, slow-going, few and far between were the trips which
the Government established between Salt Lake City and

72 UTAH AS IT IS.

the Eastern frontier, but the mention was so brief that the
mind of the reader could not have been brought to anything
like a realization of the situation, while surrounded by such
splendid postal service as prevails now-a-days. It is not to be
inferred from all this that the blame was altogether, if even
partly upon the Government, which did all along what was
doubtless represented to it as the best that could be done
under the circumstances. Staging in the earlier days was a
laborious, tedious and dangerous undertaking, the unseen es-
corts in the persons of white men aided by red ones becoming
steadily more and more numerous, and only awaiting favor-
able opportunities when there was anything likely to be profit-
able to swoop down on the coaches bearing death and de-
struction along with them. These uncertainties, delays and
dangers coupled with the desire for something better, set the
inventive faculties to .work, the result being the establishment
of what soon became a popular and world-renowned mode of
communication, the Pony Express. As much as has been
said of this once great and useful enterprise, there still re-
mains a vast fund of presently uncovered facts regarding it
that come out piecemeal, and all are much more interesting
than at any time since the express was discontinued. Among
the Pioneers, the early settlers and Western people generally
the "pony" will always occupy a place of profound regard
from which nothing can dislodge him.

The Pony Express was first put in operation early in 1860,
the immediate projectors being William H. Russell, Ben F.
Ficklan and James E. Bromley. The route was adopted, the
-time cards were made up, the road was stocked, the employ-
. ees were at their posts, and all things in readiness for the first
rider of the first pony to mount and plunge into the wilds of
the West on April 3rd, 1860. One start was made from St.
Joe, Missouri, the horse and rider being ferried across, and
the ride beginning immediately upon touching the Western
shore. At the same time, or rather on the same date, since
there is some chronological difference between the points,

ORGANIZATION AND GROWTH. 73

the four-footed messenger accompanied by his rider took the
boat at San Francisco, sped along to Sacramento and reached
there late the same afternoon. Amid intense enthusiasm the
pony was headed for the Sierra Nevadas, and leaped away on
his majestic errand followed by the loud shouts of a great
crowd which had assembled in honor of the occasion.
The Western pony naturally got here first, entering Salt
Lake City on the 7th of April, being ridden from Camp Floyd
by Howard Egan; the Eastern arrival occurred two days
later, on April 9th. This seems like slow time, but it was
rapidity itself compared with what the people had been hav-
ing. It was a grand enterprise and cost a lot of money, not
all of which was ever recovered from the business.*

One night on the Eastern plains, after a weary day's
travel, a band of emigrants (bringing the writer among other
freight) camped in a spot which seemed to have been designed
by nature for that purpose. It was bowl-shaped, heavy with
verdure and fringed around with heavy and dry timber, while
through its middle ran a brook of clear, sparkling water con-
taining myriads of fish. It was the hour of midnight, and all
save the sentries were wrapped in slumber, such repose as
comes only to those who are weary in well doing, have con-
sciences void of offense, and whose minds are free from any
harassing cares of engrossing speculation. So quiet and
serene and reposeful was the scene that the rippling of the
brook and the occasional musical tinkling of a bell among the
near-by cattle, were the only sounds that broke upon the de-
lightful calm. There was no fear of a hostile visitation of the
savages, because they had received and were likely to receive
only fair treatment at the hands of the people who slumbered,
and such were generally exempt from midnight or other
treacherous surprises. It was, all in all, the complete realization
of that dreamy, soulful quietude which sometimes finds expres-

* This on the authority of Dr. H. J. Faust, a prominent citizen of Utah
for many years, who took an active and conspicuous part in the establish-
ment of the service in this region.

UTAH AS IT IS.

sion through the medium of the brush or pen in master hands,
or exists as a figment of the fancy when it roves unreined and
unrestrained. Suddenly the attention of the outer sentinel to
the west was attracted by what he conceived to be an ac-
cumulating noise, like the first harbinger of a coming storm
or the marching of many men. Sounds travel rapidly when
the vibratory process of the air by which they are conveyed

THE PONY EXPRESS.

has no other burden, and the man stood still and listened in-
tently. Yes, there was a sound; he was not mistaken, and it
gathered volume with additional time. It was vague and
muffled, but was steadily becoming more and more distinct.
The word was quickly passed along the line of the outer
guards and from them to the inner ones, who in turn awoke

ORGANIZATION AND GROWTH. 75

the sleepers. Here was a picture of discipline, also an object
lesson in the workings of that wonderful instinct of self-pre-
servation which sometimes anticipates the one endangered and
awakens even before he is aroused! One minute before all
silence and serenity, with the senses of the silent ones locked
in slumber, now all activity, bustle, haste, preparation!
Nearer came the sounds; all could hear them now, and out
of the confluent murmur fragments of separate sound could
be distinguished. Women and children were hustled into
wagons and padded around as thoroughly as could be done
in a hurry, with bedding. Every man and every good-
sized boy had a firearm in his hand ready to send messen-
gers of death into the outward darkness at the word of
command.

The sounds were now quite recognizable; they were
horses' feet, but how many could not be determined. The
suspense which was crowded into the few moments just
then was so intense that it makes one nervous to think of it.
It seemed a long time, yet was afterwards demonstrated to
have been exactly seven and a quarter minutes from the time
the people left their beds till they returned to them. There
was but one horse, and he was coming at a furious gait.
Perhaps emigrants further along had been attacked and as-
sistance was needed — we would soon know. From the end
of the camp now arose above all other sounds the imperative
demand of the sentry, "Who goes there?" And as the
rider and his steed sped like a flash through the open space
of our camp, the reply spread itself along the traversed dis-
tance: "The Pony Express!"

It had been so recently established that we were not
looking for it, and only a few, even when told, realized what
it was.

THE PERIOD OF FRICTION.

THE DARK DAYS OF UTAH'S MEDIEVAL
HISTORY.

UTAH has had its period of acute social travail, a long-
drawn-out, drastic, dangerous epoch in the history of
the commonwealth, one that is marked with political, legal
and illegal procedure of unusual and far-reaching proportions.
It is all over now, the few sporadic cases occurring to mar
the general harmony being quite infrequent and of no great
consequence. Raids and raiders, systematic prosecutions and
persecutions ot a class, hounding, spying and vilification on
one hand; with demands for proper interpretations of law,
requests for such indulgence as accused people elsewhere
have all along been given, and a dogged, perhaps at times
unwise determination to stand by what they believed to be their
constitutional rights in upholding certain assailed tenets of
their faith, on the other — these things are but a memory, and
it is fading fast. As previously suggested, there may be spo-
radic cases, since a complete transformation where practices
have long been engaged in cannot be accomplished between
two days, or two years, for that matter; but we are proceed-
ing finely at last, and without much interruption.

So important an era cannot be overlooked or lightly
passed upon. Nor is it necessary to extend the mention
thereof beyond the proportions of one chapter, within which
is given the rise, progress, developments arid finality of the

THE PERIOD OF FRICTION. 77

period, with its reason for being and the materials upon
which it fed. History as it was and comment which it is
hoped will be received as impartial — since it was written in
that spirit — are relied upon solely in this production.

Peculiarity pervaded the entire situation hereabout for a
good while after the first settlement. The settlement itself
was peculiar and the culmination of a series of conditions so
utterly distinct in the line of American achievements as to
entitle them to the classification of uniqueness. Having
sought seclusion for the purpose of being secluded, and so
conditioned that the waking hours would be free from dismay
and the sleeping ones from nightmare, it is not to be won-
dered at that the settlers who so soon found themselves con-
fronted by the representatives of those who had "spewed
them out of their mouth" were not altogether pleased with
the outlook. The newcomers were not numerous for. some
time, but they kept coming, and in the course of a decade
had become quite a nucleus for others to gather to and
strengthen. As a rule the earlier of the non-Mormon acces-
sions had no desire to engage in contentions but were satisfied
with attending to their own affairs and letting the original
settlers attend to theirs, by means of which there was no irri-
tation. Now and then, however, an over-zealous American
citizen, imbued with the institutions of his country, and chaf-
ing, no doubt, at the imperium in imperio which seemed to
become more unbearable the more he thought of it, would
give expression to his displeasure in something more forcible
than "frowns, closed lips and pithy sentences," and happen-
ing to attract attention would now and then find himself up
against something unpleasant. And yet such experiences
were rather uncommon. Those who sold goods, or bought
stock, or looked after overland transportation, or did any
other legitimate thing without slopping over, hunting trouble or
yearning for martyrdom, even though they may by some have
been regarded as unbidden guests, were invariably accorded
as full a measure of tolerance as was extended; but as for the

78 UTAH AS IT IS.

rest, the Saints for some time considered themselves at last as
masters of the situation and were not disposed to encourage
by temporizing with the condition of things which so often
had sent them adrift to make new abiding places. And who
that gives a thought to the tendencies of humanity could
blame them, whether holding that they were right or wrong?
Occasionally there was a rumpus, in which the "interloper"
oftener than otherwise got the worst of it; also, oftener than
otherwise he deserved it, but sometimes it wasn't that way
altogether. This brings to mind an incident of the late SG'S
which had its culmination some thirty years after, and is used
at this juncture because its beginning and ending embrace
nearly the entire period of friction.

A soldier in one of Colonel Johnston's companies, which
was temporarily on duty in Rush Valley, near the site of the
present town of Stockton, by ordering a young man named
Howard O. Spencer off the grounds got into an altercation
with him and let his angry passions rise so high that he struck
the Mormon youth over the head with the butt of his gun,
the evidence showing that the boy was not the aggressor.
The latter's skull was crushed and he was stunned for some
time, but finally recovered partially, so far as his physical sys-
tem was concerned, but his brains were badly shaken up and
his mind wandered occasionally for years. Some few months
afterwards, meeting the soldier in Salt Lake City and happen-
ing to be armed, Spencer without ado shot him fatally. The
boy sought safety in flight, and as sympathy was largely with
him he was not hunted for with excessive zeal, although his
rash act was generally deplored. After some time he
"showed up" again. It remained for the grand jury of a
court presided over by Judge John W.Judd, in the year 1889,
to find an indictment for that almost forgotten homicide, and
Spencer, now become somewhat advanced in years and with
the means of defense being more inadequate because of the
lapse of time and the unexpected summons, was placed on
trial for murder. Enough evidence was brought together to

THE PERIOD OF FRICTION. 79

show the provocation (there was no denial of the killing),
also the mental condition of the defendant at the time of com-
mitting the offense, and the jury — composed of nine Gentiles
and three Mormons — soon returned a verdict of unot guilty."
In dismissing the panel the judge took occasion to affront it in
detail and as a whole, saying (substantially) in a very insult-
ing tone: "Gentlemen, I have been practicing law and been
in courts as lawyer and judge for forty years, and if this is
not a case of murder in the first degree I never saw one.
The defendant is discharged, so are you."

This incident, although the culmination occurred at a
later day than most of those to which this chapter has special
reference, is brought in here as a fitting prelude to what fol-
lows, the object being to show that a blending of the legisla-
tive, executive and judicial departments, or the last two espec-
ially, of the government — that is, the taking of an active part
in the formation and straightening out of public opinion as a
partisan while sitting in judgment — is not healthful to the
community in which it is practiced. Instead of overcoming
or even modifying the social friction which exists, it is more
likely to increase it; and as the purpose here is not only to
show how but why such friction existed, how irritants served
but to irritate, and how at last the conflicting elements buried
the hatchet through the influence of moderation and liberality,
the instances cited and those which come between are seem-
ingly indispensable.

It has been charged that the settlers of Utah were not
friendly toward the soldiers of Uncle Sam, and that they
made undue and unnecessary preparations to resist the ap-
proach of Johnston's army, as well as Connor's later one.
Whatever may have been the individual feeling it is not my
province to state. Each can answer for himself or not answer
as he feels disposed. , But let us look at history a moment.

Andrew Jackson, who earned his title of "Old Hickory"
by deeds afield as well as in the councils of the nation, pre-
sumably placed citizenship and the right of the citizen to pro-

80 UTAH AS IT IS.

tection above all other political considerations. It was be-
lieved, and not without cause, that if only one, but certainly
a number of his subjects were treated illegally and outrag-
eously in any part of this or any other country, the lines of
demarcation which arose between his jurisdiction and the per-
sons so treated would in a very short time have resembled
telegraph wires after a cyclone had practiced on them. His
famous "By the Eternal" would have sounded as a trumpet
call and the oppressors would have desisted in short order or
been dispersed and punished; so it was believed. And yet
somehow or other, the case of the Mormons didn't appeal to
him strongly enough to make him even brandish his cane, as
he did when the Senate passed a resolution of censure for
his veto of the banking act. It was just the same with Mar-
tin Van Buren — Andrew's successor — who could do nothing
for the people whose cause he admitted was just. He was a
Strict Constructionist, who regarded State boundaries as
something more than imaginary lines having no visible tan-
gibility except upon the maps. In fact he was disposed, by
reason of his political inclining, to regard each State as being
fenced in with a "buncombe" fence, meaning one that is
horse high, bull strong and pig tight — and so, no matter that
citizens of the country were being subjected to countless out-
rages by those who even boasted of acting outside the law,
the general Government was powerless to climb over, break
down or crawl through the barriers of sovereignty which but-
tressed the commonwealths in which the outrages occurred.
So Martin was right — he could do nothing for the sufferers,
even though by his own admission they had a good case.
Of course the people gradually ceased looking for protection
and eventually it became manifest to them that the odds were
too great to enable them to protect themselves, so the remedy
was to get out of the way. After having done this, however,
and done it effectually in not only leaving the scenes of the
depredations but going entirely out of the country, it doubt-
less occurred to them that a little greater lapse of time might

THE PERIOD OF FRICTION. 81

have been permitted to take place before the powers that
were got after them again, and thus thinking the incursionists
may not have been looked upon as exactly liberators and
benefactors; but the record shows no harshness except where
it was called for. After all, the Mormons are but human;
and, while claiming the title of Saints, I never yet saw one
who was in any particular hurry about becoming an angel.

The advent of Colonel Steptoe in 1854, with a com-
mand, produced no more commotion or irritation than would
the incoming of an emigrant train for California. Such
trains had by that time become numerous, nearly all of them
being hospitably received and sent on their way rejoicing.
When it was otherwise it was for reasons elsewhere set out,
and such cases were rare indeed. Colonel Steptoe left when
he got ready, taking with him the best wishes of everybody.
He was tendered the Governorship while here, but declined in
favor of Gov. Young. No friction in his case.

The meanest thing that crawls, after being pursued until
it no longer has a retreat and finding itself still followed, even
though the pursuer may have no actual intention of destroy-
ing it, is at such times, from the very force of an instinct
which pervades the animal kingdom, sure to turn, and if un-
able to make resistance will inflict as much injury upon the
pursuer as it can. If the lowest of the kingdom will do it, so
will the highest, and have besides the advantages of a wider
scope of judgment, greater intelligence and more effective
means of resistance. And in turning upon an assailant or
pursuer, it does not matter as a principle of law that those
who consider themselves jeopardized are mistaken, that no
harm is intended, that the hostile demonstrations amount only
to "pausing" (See McGuffey's Third Reader). It is justifi-
able for them to put themselves in an attitude of defense be-
cause of the approach of those who have no other apparent
motive than hostility, whose calling betokens it and who, if
they have any other design, have failed to make it known,
especially when the oncoming force is a direct representative

82 UTAH AS IT IS.

of powers and agencies to which the people moved against
have time and again appealed in vain for protection from out-
lawry in various forms. So perhaps there was not in exist-
ence here that altruistic feeling regarding the boys in blue
which under improved circumstances might have been the
case, and yet things were not always as bad as they have
been made to appear.

It is to be noted in this connection that when Johnston's
forces entered this valley they did so by stipulation amounting
to a treaty, the effect of which was that they were to "keep
their hands off," which they did, and no trouble ensued. Be-
taking themselves to a lonely, out-of-the-way place in Rush
Valley, some fifty miles from Salt Lake City on the old road
to California, the command built up quite a post known as
Camp Floyd, in honor of the redoubtable Secretary of War
in President Buchanan's cabinet, who subsequently, like John-
ston himself, became a conspicuous figure in the Southern
Confederacy. The officers of the post were always on the
best of terms with the leaders of the people and were in the
main — as is the rule with army officers of the United States —
high class men throughout, who always enjoyed a visit to the
city and an interview with President Young. This was es-
pecially the case with Colonel Johnston, who was a fine type
of the Southern gentleman and whose qualities as a general
were so great and comprehensive that he came very near cut-
ting history out of its President Grant, the latter having been
completely defeated by the former at Shiloh and only saved
from extinction by Johnston's death and the arrival of heavy
reinforcements subsequently. The command left just before
the breaking out of hostilities in the East, having, all things
considered, done the people here some good and very little
harm.

When Colonel Connor's force arrived they came via the
deserted fort, and (claimed to have) heard there that the
Mormons would resist their entrance into Salt Lake valley.
So guns were ready for unlimbering, shot and shell made

THE PERIOD OF FRICTION.

handy and cartridges galore right at hand as the men ap-
proached the western bank of the Jordan. The colonel had
declared that he would cross if the abyss of hell yawned in
the neighborhood; but as it didn't, and the only perturba-
tion observable was in the stream itself, the passage was
effected without other opposition than was occasioned by the
banks on the eastern side. The grand entrance into Salt
Lake City was quietly effected; in fact, it was a little too
quiet to suit all hands,
for a letter, apparent-
ly from one of the
force, to a San Fran-
cisco paper, anent the
arrival, held up the
lack of demonstra-
tion as an evidence of
disloyalty, in that the
boys were not wel-
come ! It looked
somewhat like a case
of "be damned if you
do and be damned if
you don't." The
command were wel-
comed in a speech
by Governor Hard-
ing and at once pro-
ceeded to the east
bench, where Fort
Douglas was inaugurated, the name in honor of the "little
giant" of Illinois, who defeated Lincoln for the Senatorship,
and was afterward defeated by him for the Presidency.

The command at the post with the exception of occa-
sional and far-apart breaks of a personal character, has got
along very well with the civilians.

l Nearly all localities which have military establishments

GEN. P. EDWARD CONNOR.

UTAH AS IT IS.

within their boundaries have trouble of more or less conse-
quence to deal with occasionally, caused by the clashing
which takes place because of the commingling of elements
held in restraint by widely different means, the civilians by
constant practice and the soldiers by discipline. When the
discipline is relaxed by leave of absence from the post, self-
restraint is frequently thrown aside at the same time and
a rumpus is quite a natural result. This is not always the
case, and it does not account for all the collisions and bad
feeling engendered in and felt for the U. S. troopers in Utah.
But it is safe to say that, on the w/iole, there was not much if
any more trouble from such source than generally prevails
from similar causes elsewhere, but it came very nearly being
a serious situation here on a few earlier occasions, one of
which only, being the most serious, will be related.

Some time in 1863 rumors reached the city and became
rife that it was the purpose of the soldiers to seize President
Young by force and take him to the fort to be held for subse-
quent disposition. A warm reception was improvised. A
preconcerted signal — raising a white flag over the Deseret
Neivs building— caused an immediate cessation of work on
the Temple block and other nearby places, and all flocked
within the stone wall which then completely surrounded
Presidents Young's and Heber C. KimbalPs houses, the Tith-
ing office and the News office, and quicker than it can be
mentioned in detail preparations for the matinee were com-
pleted. Scaffolding had been erected inside the south
wall from the printing office to President Young's, a distance
of probably 150 yards. This was soon filled with armed men
and a boy, the one who is telling this story being the latter.
He had obtained in some remote corner of the News estab-
lishment (where he was an apprentice) an old yager of the
vintage of 1812, with a bore like the Mammoth Cave and a
mechanism like the braking apparatus of a prairie schooner.
It was impossible to find a bullet big enough to fit it, so after
turning into the cavernous depths a handful of powder,

THE PERIOD OF FRICTION.

another handful of leaden bullets a little larger than buck-
shot was turned in and secured with wadding, a G. D.
cap which amounted in size and general appearance to a Lili-
putian plug hat was placed upon the nipple, and gun and ap-
prentice were ready for business. They were prepared to
fight it out on that platform if it took all summer. The
soldiers soon appeared in full force, also equipped for busi-
ness. They marched briskly to the brow of the hill, which
was then some little distance beyond the outer fringe of
houses, but is now well within the limits, manoeuvered for

some time, unlimbered, ad-
vanced, fell back, deployed,
skirmished, "and so forth
and so on, "for fully an hour,
during which time the boy?

Distilled almost to jelly with the
act of fear,

as Shakespeare writes it,
held that ancient and mori-
bund piece of military furni-
ture, dreading the coming of
the onslaught and wonder-
ing if there would be much
left of him when he turned
the weapon loose. But he
never did. As orderly and rapidly as they came the troops
returned, and the performance' was not encored, never has
been, in fact.

There were occasional outbreaks with squads of the mili-
tary, one that was quite unprovoked occurring at Provo soon
after Judge McKean's "policy" had become fully developed.
Not much damage was done; the citizens, being unprepared
for such a thing, got the worst of it to begin with, but the
soldiers lost ultimately. Another, a little later, was when a
squad of troops broke down the doors of the Salt Lake jail
and rescued some comrades who had been locked up for

READY FOR BUSINESS.

86 UTAH AS IT IS.

riotous behavior; but of late collisions are almost unknown,
the few that do occur being far apart and caused usually by
the promptings of one John Barleycorn.

The relations with the soldiers, it is to be observed, were
on the whole the essence of placidity compared with the state
of things which prevailed during the regime of Judge James
B. McKean and his immediate confreres, these being the
greater number of the Federal officials and a few in private
life who became conspicuous by reason of their frenzied oppo-
sition to everything Mormon. While extra-judicial perform-
ances had been previously indulged in in a more or less desul-
tory way, there was not much of an attempt at systematizing
and engrafting such things upon the body politic until that
subsequently celebrated gentleman dawned upon the scene
and spread his canvas — then the fur began to fly. He came
here as Chief Justice in August, 1870.

Regarding Judge McKean, the writer cheerfully bears
witness that personally he was many removes from a bad
man. A thorough gentleman in his instincts and demeanor,
moral and upright in his habits, and as fair-minded as any
ordinary man who ever sat in judgment when presiding over
cases in which his "policy" regarding the Mormons, plainly
outlined from the beginning, was not involved in any manner.
He was not a great lawyer, but might be called a fairly good
one. He had a disposition to magnify his calling, and did so in
his first big case (Engelbrecht's) by entitling the chief tribunal
over which he presided the "Supreme Court of theUnited States
for the Territory of Utah," a creation which the other Supreme
Court of the United States sat down on and thus broke down
all subsequent proceedings so based. He declared that the
proceeding against President Young for lascivious cohabita-
tion was properly entitled "Federal Authority vs. Polygamic
Theocracy" — in which his honor not only butted up against
the laws of Congress and the Territory, but took a little fall
out of Noah Webster at the same time. In sentencing the
first victim of the great moral raid (1871) he said — "I am sorry

THE PERIOD OF FRICTION. 87

for you, Thomas Hawkins," which he doubtless was, and
then 'went on to upset the pail of milk by unloading on the de-
fendant a diatribe on transgression which was doubtless well
meant and not in the least abusive, but would have been less
oppressive if it had been. To tell the truth, it savored some-
what of those ancient folk who were sorry others were not
as good as they, and shov.ed a plain disposition to belabor
others over Hawkins' shoulders. Hawkins is reported to
have said afterward that he would rather be sentenced a
dozen times in plain terms than have to listen to that lecture
again. But undoubtedly he was not educated up to the plat-
form standard,and might have felt somewhat prejudiced besides.
Finally the judge's undoing 'Came to pass. The raid,
of which he was the head and front, growing by what it fed
on, could not subsist much longer in an American atmos-
phere. Indictments seemed to grow on trees and President
Young was fairly shingled over with them, the charges em-
bracing adultery, lascivious cohabitation, polygamy and
murder, there being about half a dozen for the latter offense,
one of them found on information obtained from Bill Hick-
man, of sainted memory, one of the least mild-mannered men
that ever cut a throat or robbed a train. During the late fall
of 1871, while the President was in St. George on his semi-
regular vacation, one of the murder cases was peremptorily
set for trial and but a few days allowed him in which to ap-
pear. The prosecuting officers tried to have his bail for-
feited, believing and hoping, no doubt, that he could not
reach Salt Lake within the time set; and while the conten-
tion was at its height, lo! the defendant appeared in the
doorway, quite unattended, and placed himself within the
jurisdiction of the court! The incident was very sensational
and dramatic, without the slightest design of its being so;
but it dampened the ardor of the judicial bunco-steerers very
much. It was only for a moment, and they immediately
proceeded from the point at which they had left off; but the
indictments were never tried.

88 UTAH AS IT IS.

In July, 1873, President Young, who had apparently been
somewhat overlooked by the raiders for some time, received
another reminder of the fact that they were not dead nor
sleeping, but had only been waiting, Ann Eliza Webb Dee
Young, etc., somewhat widely known as "Wife No. 19," by
her next friend, George R. Maxwell, brought a suit for
divorce and alimony, and the papers were duly served.
George, by the bye, was one of the "boys" decidedly, and
apparently wanted to make everybody believe that Mormons
were his favorite diet three times a day. At heart, he w as
not half as bad as he tried to make it appear. He was dis-
posed to conviviality on a rather large scale, and generally
kept a long way from the methods of deportment which are
supposed to characterize the typical Sunday school teacher;
but much was overlooked in him because of his having
fought bravely as a Union soldier through the civil war and
been literally shot to pieces. He died in Salt Lake City,
in 1889.

Well, this suit by him on behalf of the said A. E. W. D.
Y. promised to be the richest pay streak the legal prospect-
ors had yet struck; but with the exception of $3000 "suit
money," or some such thing, which was paid on the order
of the court, the defendant flatly refused to produce Then
the judge got mad, and in his wrath he ordered Brig ham to
pay a fine of $25 and be imprisoned for one day in the peni-
tentiary for contempt of court; the terms could not be
called excessive as to amount and extent, but the defendant
was then seventy-one years of age, far from well, and unac-
customed to the kind of company he was compelled to mingle
with in the prison. Besides, in punishing the President for
contempt of his court, it looked like the judge was disposed
to add another hardship to his victim's inflictions by deny-
ing him a privilege which nine-tenths of the people of the
Territory indulged in without restriction.

Five days after this proceeding, President Grant sent to
the Senate the name of David Lowe, of Kansas, to be Chief

THE PERIOD OF FRICTION. 89

Justice of the Supreme Court of Utah, vice McKean, re-
moved. The blow had fallen. Heavy-hearted, the jurist
whose uncurbed animosity in pursuit of the bubble reputation
had brought about his own undoing, returned to the practice
of his profession, at which he did not prosper. The coterie
which formerly surrounded and upheld him as a demigod,
and in whom the spirits of Draco, Jeffreys and Marlborough
seemed for a time to have found reincarnation, drifted away
from him, and eventually from each other, so far as the tie
that formerly bound was concerned, and after a more or less
precarious career, he died in Salt Lake City in January,
1877, of typhoid fever, so the doctors said, and undoubtebly
they were correct as to the immediate cause of dissolution,
but their diagnosis does not reach to a broken heart, and
this undoubtedly had much to do with it.

The first prosecution for polygamy under the aws of
the United States of 1861, was that of George Reynolds,
and that he was run up against a "brace game" has been
demonstrated sufficiently. The fact that Brigham Young and
Thomas Hawkins had been indicted and the latter prose-
cuted for adultery or something equivalent thereto, under
the Territorial statute, thereby perverting it and seeking to
reach the ends aimed at by devious means, had caused so
much animadversion as to make the campaign somewhat of
a scandal, and before entering upon the new line of cam-
paign, it was announced to be the proper thing to select a vi-
carious offender and put him through the mill for the
purpose of determining the sufficiency of the law under which
the action was brought. So Elder George Reynolds was
presented and accepted. In making these assertions I do
not rely upon the record, but partly upon the testimony of
one of the grand jury by which the indictment was found —
the late James Horrocks, a prominent citizen of Ogden,
whose statement to this effect was published by me in
\hejunctton of^ that city along about 1878. He said with-
out equivocation that the jurors were instructed, or at least

UTAH AS IT IS.

advised, that there was no disposition to inflict punishment
but merely a design on the part of the Government's repre-
sentatives to make sure of their ground before going fur-
ther.

Mr. Reynolds was tried pursuant to the indictment, and
found guilty, on March 31, 1875. The case was. appealed to
the Territorial Supreme Court,where it was reversed, and was
retried in September of the same year, another verdict of
guilty being found. It was heard by the United States Su-
preme Court late in 1878, and affirmed early the following

year, when the defendant found
out that he had been prose-
cuted for all there was in it as
well as some things that were
not. He was sentenced to two
years' imprisonment, and sent
to the Lincoln,Nebraska, peni-
tentiary, where he remained
less than a month, being then
returned to Utah. His "test"
amounted to serving the full
term, less one hundred and
forty-four days deducted for
good behavior. Mr. Reynolds
in durance vile was very much
like Mr. Reynolds at large —
GEORGE REYNOLDS. easy-going, unassuming, at-

tentive to the things to which

attention should be given, respectful to those in authority,
and always buoyed above present misfortunes by a "big
hope ahead." He regards himself, and others regard him,
as anything but a criminal then, previously or since; and it
is the same with the others who subsequently went over
the same road.

A few months before the arrival of Judge McKean,
Governor J. Wilson Shaffer put in an appearance, and during

THE PERIOD OF FRICTION. 91

the brief time of their joint control of the ranch, if they
failed to see eye to eye as to any point of local policy, the
circumstance never leaked out. His excellency was some-
what peppery in his form of speech, and never left any
one in doubt as to what he meant. It is said of him, when
he received his commission he exclaimed, "After me, by
God, Brigham Young will never more be Governor of Utah.*
And this proved to be correct. Brigham was not Governor
again, nor was Shaffer very long; he died October 31, 1870.
Before passing out he managed to accomplish two very un-
usual things — he abolished the Fourth of July by proclama-
tion, and knocked out the constitutional right of the citizen to
bear arms, also by proclamation. During his ephemeral
career he was hailed by the ultra non-Mormons as "the only
real Governor Utah ever had." Most of them having been
here as much as two years, and having had such unusual
opportunities for determining the situation as come from as-
sociation with but one side of it, the judgment will have to
stand — as to them. Shaffer, like McKean, served honorably
in the Union army and was personally upright.

Speaking of the Fourth of July reminds me that there
have been no celebrations of the Nation's natal day equal to
those the Mormons got up every year until stopped at the
patriotic business. The parades were always on a stupen-
dous scale, the proceedings afterwards invariably interesting
and a whole-souled feeling of enjoyment pervaded the com-
munities. On the Fourth of 1880, feeling to give an outward
expression of sorrow for their imprisoned brethren who had
so numerously been "arraigned without charge, tried without
evidence and condemned without crime," they used the
national emblem for that purpose. This made considerable
of a row. It was held by the "common enemy" that the
flag was insulted and was treated that way by the Mormons

* Perhaps he meant to paiaphrase Mme. de Pompadour, "After me the
deluge."

92 UTAH AS IT IS.

to show their contempt for it. If this had been true, it "were
a grievous fault," and grievously should it have been an-
swered. But it was not true. The Stars and Stripes were
flung to the breeze almost the first thing after the Pioneers
arrived, and was always an object of veneration, being inva-
riably treated with as much reverence and respect on all
occasions as anywhere else in the Republic. Because of its
being a sacred emblem it was used as the means of giv-
ing expression, by half-masting, to the people's sadness — that
was all.

If Salt Lake had more of this sort of thing than other
places in Utah, it was because of her greater population and
conveniences. There were others; in fact, every part of the
Territory contributed more or less grist towards keeping the
"mills of the gods" grinding, and they did not grind so
very slowly either when they get right down to it, which they
did shortly after Chief Justice Charles S. Zane arrived and
got things in running order.

THE "HEATED TERM" ELSEWHERE.

BEFORE engaging in a statement of things under his ad-
ministration, let us pay a little visit to Beaver, which for a
time was really a greater storm centre than any other place.
Up to Statehood this was the seat of the District Court for
all the southern counties, and a term usually meant that there
was something doing, what with the dragnet operating in
seven widespread counties between times and all the catch
being landed there for trial.

It is not necessary to go over too much ground, so the
most celebrated case of all will be referred to, it showing to
some extent the manner in which justice was dispensed (and
dispensed with occasionally). I refer to the trial of John D.
Lee, for complicity in the Mountain Meadows massacre, and
in doing so will be very brief, partly because a few sentences
will do and partly because this book or any part thereof is

THE PERIOD OF FRICTION. 93

not designed as a literary chamber of horrors.* Lee was tried
twice, with Judge Jacob S. Boreman on the bench. The first
time the trial began July 22, 1875. The prosecuting at-
torney, in opening the case, said — "We don't know how far
this investigation will lead us, but we hope to trace the crime
to its source." This "source" was shown to be, in the con-
templation of the prosecution, President Young's office in
Salt Lake City. The animus was thus fully disclosed, but
was more completely borne out during the proceedings. Like
the McKean raid, ulterior purposes by sinister methods were
aimed at. Once during the examination of a witness, Judge
J. G. Sutherland, for the defense, objected, saying among
other things — "I see through your scheme. John D. Lee is
a scapegoat. Brigham Young is the man aimed at," a sally
which brought this semi-admission from the prosecution —
"Now the gentleman's real client is touched." There was
much more in the same line, but this will suffice. The jury
failed to agree. It was composed of nine Mormons and three
Gentiles, and the vote on every ballot stood two for convic-
tion and ten for acquittal.

On the second trial, which began Sept. 14, 1876, a new
District Attorney, in the person of Sumner Howard, had ar-
rived. He tried Lee alone and without dragging in outsiders,
and, though the jury was entirely Mormon, secured a con-
viction. In sentencing the defendant the court went out of
his way to engage in a tirade against the Mormon Church
(to which Lee belonged) and said to him — "A former jury-
failed to convict you, and yet the evidences of your guilt
were most plain." Waiving all other things, how does that
sound in connection with a sentence of death — a time when

* It is well to say here that many incidents of great moment illustrative
of the immediate subject are not used in this publication ior the above and
other reasons. To give them all would make this twice as large a volume
as is designed, an£ besides the object is not so much to give history in de
tail as to show general conditions, how they came about and on what they
were sustained.

94 UTAH AS IT IS.

courts are supposed to and usually do show some Christian
feeling and perform their painful duty as humanely as possible?
And yet Judge Boreman is and was by no means a hard-
hearted or an unchristianlike man; on the contrary he is (or
was) a member of the Methodist church in good standing,
and I have personally and otherwise known of many kind and
neighborly deeds he has performed. The spirit of hateful
opposition with cause where it existed and on general princi-
ples where there was no special cause, was rife and the Judge
was merely "in the swim." He with the others were follow-
ing seriously the humorous advice of "Bob" Burdette, to
"lose no chance to take a whack at the Mormons." Thus
things went along, getting "no better fast," for several
years.

THE COMBAT THICKENS, THEN SUBSIDES.

IT WOULD be taking up too much time and space to refer
at any length to the impetuous and showy but utterly ineffec-
tive administration of Governor Murray. "Beauty is as
beauty does," but in his actions he was not always what he
was every time and always in appearance — undeniably a
very handsome man. He added no little fuel to the flames,
and made a lot of territorial and county appointments that were
ignored, litigated and finally knocked out; also he vetoed
pretty much everything done by the Legislature, and finally
stooped to actual meanness by having the pay of the law-
makers and their officers diverted to the courts, but this was
afterwards straightened out by the Government. During his
sojourn the social lines between the two classes of society
here were, if anything, made a little tighter and plainer than
ever; it got so that if a visiting Gentile made a friendly call
at the house of a Mormon friend and took a meal, for in-
stance, the visitor was immediately branded as a "jack-Mor-

THE PERIOD OF FRICTION.

mon" and tabooed accordingly; but, of course, this sort of
thing was not introduced during the Governor's regime by
any means, it being a time-worn but not exactly time-honored
custom which began years back. And at this point let us give
the Governors a rest.

Judge Zane arrived in Salt Lake City on August 23,
1884, and a few weeks later took his seat on the bench of
the Third District Court, (He was also Chief Justice of the

Supreme Court.) He proved
to be an abler lawyer than
most of his predecessors and
for some time the court ma-
chinery ran along without
hitching. His first tilt with
the "problem" was in the
case of the United States vs.
Rudger Clawson for polyg-
amy and unlawful cohab-
itation. The jury list being
exhausted before the panel
was complete, an open venire
was ordered; this not being
in accordance with the pro-
visions of the Territorial or
Federal law, was excepted
to by the defense and made
the principal feature of the
grounds for a subsequent ap-
peal. The local Supreme Court upheld the trial court in all
material respects, so did the United States Supreme Court
later on, holding that the summoning and impaneling of a
jury by such means was one of the inherent powers of the
court. He was sentenced to three and a half years and $500
fine for polygamy and six months and $300 fine for unlawful
cohabitation. After imprisonment of three years one month
and ten days he was pardoned by President Cleveland.

RUDGER CLAWSON,

96 UTAH AS IT IS.

From this point on, the campaign against "polygamic"
offenses waxed warm and active, the Judge lending all the
aid his position was capable of to it. In point of effectiveness
and results, Judge Zane made Judge McKean's record look
like a thing of shreds and patches. "Abandon hope, all ye
who enter here," was not written over the entrance to the
court room, and would not have been appropriate anyway,
because if the defendant happened to be accused of anything
else than unlawful cohabitation or polygamy he stood as good
a chance to get away as though it were any other court;
otherwise, otherwise. The "twin relic" and its corollaries
were to go and the element of force was to be the prime fac-
tor in reaching the consummation.

In prosecuting unlawful cohabitation cases against those
of the Mormons who, according to the language of Judge
Judd. had "had the misfortune to be found out," some unusual
and peculiar conditions were created. Precedents wanting,
they had to be made, and the making was not always gauged
by understood and recognized principles of law. To begin
with, the line of separation between the malum in se and the
malum prohibition was nearly if not quite effaced for the Mor-
mons' special benefit, and all polygamy and cohabitation cases
were practically placed upon an equal footing with anything in
the whole gamut of crime, from petty larceny to murder in
the first degree. There were no extenuating circumstances
and few personal considerations allowed, and almost no ac-
quittals. To be tried was to be convicted, and to be con-
victed was to go to the penitentiary along with felons of high
and low degree as well as various colors, sexes, ages and
previous conditions. Only one part of the punishment could
be evaded — the inevitable $300 fine accompanying the im-
prisonment, and this only on a plain showing that the "crim-
inal" didn't have the property; that is, if he couldn't pay he
didn't have to, but this exemption was enjoyed by all other
kinds of convicted people upon whom fines were imposed,
so the Mormons could not plume themselves upon its being a

THE PERIOD OF FRICTION. 97

special feature in their behalf. The right of appeal was not
denied, of course, and if the convicted person had $1000 or
so handy he could have his case taken up on review, but as
there was no suspension of judgment, his term of imprison-
ment would likely run out before its correctness was passed
upon.

Other legal fungi were engendered, among which was
the professional and mechanical juror. Men stood in waiting
to be drawn for petit jurors, and sometimes, but necessarily nqt
so often, for grand jurors. These men's duties, on the sur-
face, were the same as those of men similarly engaged else-
where. They were possessed of the statutory qualifications,
swore they had no bias or prejudice one way or another and
would find in accordance with the facts, which probably in
most cases they did. But here is a question: Are men who,
by means of a regular routine, are made to know what kind
of findings are expected from them and that failure to so find
means immediate dismissal,in possession of the receptive frame
of mind which Alfred the Great contemplated when he in-
vented the jury system?

And again: Is the railroading process in dealing with
defendants whose offenses are not specifically against the
common law but only against creations of statutes, and these
in some cases after the fact, the correct thing in modern juris-
prudence and practice anyway ?

The "professionals" spoken of have been seen, like a lot
of supernumeraries at the wings of a theatre stage,waiting for
their cue to march on and take their machine-like parts in
the play, and sometimes one set, or several of any particular
panel, would "try" a number of cases without once leaving
the vicinity of the court room. I once heard one of these
worthies complaining because he had been called away by
sickness or something, and in the meantime several "cohab."
trials had been reeled off and thereby he had lost his regular
fees as a juror in those cases! His name was Coalter, or

98 UTAH AS IT IS.

something like that; I seem to have forgotten it, partly, and
am willing to forget it altogether.

On August 26, 1888, Judge Zane was superseded by
Elliot B. Sandford, of the New York bar, and a personal friend
of President Cleveland. At the same time there was a sus-
pension of hostilities, and an armistice followed, by the terms
of which light penalties were imposed on those who pleaded
guilty, which a great many did. A much better feeling re-
sulted, but it did not last long, for on June 3, 1889, Judge
Sandford, having refused to resign by request of headquarters,
was peremptorily removed by President Harrison and Judge
Zane reappointed. There wasn't so much doing as before,
probably for want of material to work on, but still the ma-
chine was not idle by any means. Altogether the number
who were trooped off to the penitentiary for the offenses
spoken of nearly corresponded to that of the famous Light
Brigade at Balaklava — 600. If anything, it was a little in
excess of that figure. Incidentally, half a dozen women
"living in the repute of marriage" with men who were
otherwise uxoriously provided for were imprisoned for re-
fusing to do what women are presumed to be quite willing
to do as a rule — tell what they know about things. The
most conspicuous of these cases was that of Belle Harris,
who with an infant child was held in captivity for some three
months; she and the others endured the infliction patiently
and decorously and became heroines by common consent.
Many of the men were well-to-do, nearly all were property
owners to some extent, and all were educated fully up to the
average with a number greatly beyond that, and almost with-
out exception they were, leaving aside the offense of which
they were convicted, reputable, law-abiding citizens.* Pe-
culiar criminals, these!

* Many of the leading men oi the Church, realizing the hopelessness of
the situation, betook themselves to voluntary exile, and in this state of
seclusion President John Taylor, whose age and infirmities made him un-
equal to the strain, gare up his life.

THE PERIOD OF FRICTION. 99

On September 24, 1890, President Wilford Woodruff
promulgated a manifesto, by means of which he denied
that there had been any polygamous marriages for a good
while, but such marriages and their concomitant relations
were abrogated, and then the beginning of the end of the
long-lived, perilous, trying situation was at once ushered in.
The beams of the rising sun of Statehood were now plainly
apparent and becoming brighter with each succeeding day.
The demon of discord spread his ugly pinions once more,
took flight and relieved us of his hateful presence. Now and
then there is some little clashing, as there is everywhere and
caused, as previously observed, almost entirely by political
differences. These are sometimes quite active if not acri-
monious, and now and then bring up a suggestion of by-gone
days, the most conspicuous instance being that of the election
of B. H, Roberts to Congress and its outgrowths. (This
case is presented further along.) But there are no longer
prosecutions of a class and none of individuals which are in-
spired by the Moloch ambition or the demon hate. Mormons
and non-Mormons blend in the marts of trade, in the high-
ways of travel, in societv, in gatherings of all kinds, and
only those who are acquainted could tell one from the other.*
Progress and prosperity are the common inspiration of the
time. White-throated peace perches upon the ramparts of
the State.

Judge Zane became the fir*t Chief Justice of the new sovereignty, and
a wise, just and capable judge he was, by his vast and varied experience
aiding materially the work of guiding and handling the newly-launched
cratt through the inevitably snaggy and reefy waters of incipient Statehood.

UTAH S GOVERNORS, WITH DATES OF SERVICE.

STATEHOOD.

THE 45TH STAR IN THE NATIONAL FIRMA-
MENT APPEARS.

LIKE the launching of a great ship, which shows no sign
of moving until it is on the ways and then reaches its
element so swiftly that the eye can scarcely follow it^— pro-
ceeding from inertia and dead silence to a terrific splash and
general commotion — Utah was ushered into the Union of
States as a full member thereof. The admission proclama-
tion was promulgated by President Cleveland on the third
day of January, 1896. It was proposed for some time that
the day be made a legal holiday, but as Utah has more of
such than enough, the suggestion failed to carry, and
yet it is a more consequential date than are some of the
red-letter days. The occasion itself was most propitious.
Although at a time when the weather is usually forbidding,
the air was still and the temperature quite moderate. There
was not a cloud in the sky and the sun shone with a brilliancy
that made it appear as if he too were all smiles and rejoic-
ing because the period of travail for Utah, which he had
marked from the beginning, was no more. What a splendid
omen! What a delightful introduction! What a glorious
harbinger! And what a gratifying, promising state of things
prevailed! The once discordant elements got along without
jarring or jostling; there were seldom references to past con-
flicts and animosities; the elements blended in social and polit-

102 UTAH AS IT IS.

ical affairs without a suggestion of former differences, and
"all went merry as a marriage bell."

In Salt Lake City the proceedings were very hilarious.
The manager of the Western Union Telegraph office had
obtained permission from the mayor to fire off a gun in the
street when the news came, and about 10 a.m. he rushed
from his office, through the front door with a double-bar-
reled shotgun in his hand, and reaching the edge of the side-
walk he turned loose both barrels. This was the signal
that the President's proclamation announcing the new mem-
bership in the great household had been signed and State-
hood— the great boon so long wanted, so frequently asked
for and so persistently denied — was an accomplished fact. At
once whistles everywhere were screeching, firearms were
discharged with utter disregard of the ordinances or any-
thing else, all kinds of noises, mechanical and vocal, rent the
air, and made the town a regular bedlam for a while. Bands
played, flags were displayed in every direction, everybody on
the crowded streets was hilarious, and the time was made
memorable by unrestrained joyousness. It was a great
time.

Doubtless many people there were who, while feeling
exuberant enough, succeeded in keeping within the bound-
aries of reasonable restraint, but the majority were otherwise.
A prominent churchman and personal friend of the writer's
met him immediately after the signal was fired and threw his
arms around the scribe's neck with as much impetuosity,
exuberance and affection as though the latter were a winsome
woman (nearly enough related to justify such a perform-
ance, of course), instead of being a plain-looking masculine
whose chief attraction was a new suit of clothes bought the
day before. The churchman felt like a great many others,
and could hardly find words to give his feelings expression,
which may in some manner account for his acts in that con-
nection.

"I can hardly realize it," he said; "I have waited for

STATEHOOD. 103

this day a long time, and now it is here I can't grasp the full
import of it [which is probably the reason he grasped me so
fervently]. Don't you think it a great, grand day?"

"Yes, indeed," I replied; "we have got our white ele-
phant at last."

He looked half shocked and half incredulously at this.
That anyone could be so lost to the sublimity of the occasion
as to give even a thought to its responsibilities must have
seemed well-nigh sacrilegious. But all hands and the cook
have thought of them since, and those who now look upon
the really proud and altogether desirable boon of Statehood
as a condition of things not wholly beatific or even free trom
rasping circumstances are, it is painfully apparent, neither
few in number nor far apart. That is, the glamour has disap-
peared and the stern realities being something that were not
seriously considered beforehand seem a little harder than they
really are in consequence. It is putting it a little too severely
to say that the situation is another case of Sinbad the sailor
and the lonely man of the ocean — that having taken State-
hood upon our shoulders we cannot get rid of it and will
have to wear it to the end whether or no, but a good many
who were most exuberant seem to feel that way. (This
doesn't include the churchman spoken of, by any means).
With these getting accustomed — or seasoned — to the situation
and learning to appreciate conditions because of their real
instead of their fancied worth, the number of malcontents has
rapidly dwindled and will finally disappear altogether.

It is not so very long ago, not much more than a decade,
thatU. S. Marshal Frank Dyer (since deceased), Judge J. W.
Judd and several others engaged in a movement looking to
the granting to Utah by the Government of a form of home
rule which would amount to modified Statehood, this being
considered a palliative for some of the evils inseparable from
Territorial rule . This was as near to a demand for independ-
ence for Utah as any Gentile dared to go at that time, and
even it brought down the wrath of the leaders and the

104 UTAH AS IT IS.

unsparing scorn and ridicule of the Salt Lake Tribune, the
Gentile or Liberal organ. The movement came to naught,
but following closely upon its heels was the establishment of
national party lines (elsewhere spoken of at length), and upon
the disappearance of the Liberal party the movement for
Statehood became spontaneous. The last vestige of Federal
authority was at last gone, we received what we had demanded
and craved so long, and because it has not proved to be all
"skittles and beer" is no reason why it is not all that it ever
promised to be. The more judicious and less penurious are
thankful beyond expression that Utah controls herself in her
own way, and hopeful that wherein the way may be imper-
fect or even bad, the agencies of improvement are at work
and will not cease until our commonwealth is inferior to none
in all that goes to make States proud and enduring and their
people prosperous and upright.

THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION.

As THE clothing for the infant is generally in readiness
before the advent occurs, a constitution must be prepared,
passed upon and in full-fledged existence before the ship of
State is put into commission, to do which requires a Constitu-
tional Convention called for the purpose. The act of Con-
gress conveying the necessary authority for such proceeding
was passed and approved July 16, 1894, and the Convention met
in Salt Lake City on March 4, 1895, with the following mem-
bership:

Louis Bernhardt Adams, George Mousley Cannon,

Rufus Albern Allen, John Foy Chidester,

Andrew Smith Anderson, Parley Christiansen,

fohn Richard Barnes, Thomas H. Clark, Jr.,

John Rutledge Bowdle, Louis Larille Coray,

John Sell Boyer, Elmer Ellsworth Corfman,

Theodore Brandley, Charles Crane,

Herbert Guion Button, William Creer,

William Buys, George Cunningham,

Chester Call, Arthur John Cushing,

STATEHOOD.

105

William Driver,
Dennis Clay Eichnor,
Alma Eldredge,
George Rhodes Emery,
Andreas Engberg,
David Evans,
Abel John Evans,
Lorin Farr,
Samuel Francis,
William Henry Gibbs,
Charles Carroll Goodwin,
James Frederic Green,
Francis Asbury Hammond,
Charles Henry Hart,
Harry Haynes,
John Daniel Holladay,
Robert W. Heybourne, •
Samuel Hood Hill,
William Howard,
Henry Hughes,
Joseph Alonzo Hyde,
Anthony Woodward Ivins,
William F. James,
Lycurgus Johnson,
Joseph Loftis Jolley,
Frederick John Kiesel,
David Keith,
Thomas Kearns,
William Jasper Kerr,
Andrew Kimball,
James Nathaniel Kimball,
Richard G. Lambert,
Lauritz Larsen,
Christen Peter Larsen,
Hyrum Lemmon,
Theodore Belden Lewis,
William Lowe,
Peter Lowe,
James Paton^Low,
Anthony Canute Lund,
Karl G. Maeser,
Richard Mackintosh,
Thomas Maloney,

Robert McFarland,
George P. Miller,
Elias Moiris,
Jacob Moritz,
John Riggs Murdock,
Joseph Royal Murdock,
James David Murdock,
Aquila Nebeker,
Jeremiah Day Page,
Edward Partridge,
J. D. Peters,
Mons Peterson,
James Christian Peterson,
Franklin Pierce,
William B. Preston,
Alonzo Hazelton Raleigh,
Franklin Snyder Richards,
Joel Ricks,

Brigham Henry Roberts,
Jasper Robertson,
Joseph Eldredge Robinson,
Willis Eugene Robison,
George Ryan,
John Henry Smith,
George B. Squires,
William Gilson Sharp,
Harrison Tuttle Shurtliff,
Edward Hunter Snow,
Hyrum Hupp Spencer,
David Bramerd Stover,
Charles Nettleton Strevell,
Charles William Symons,
Daniel Thompson,
Moses Thatcher,
Ingwald Conrad Thoresen,
Joseph Ephraim Thome,
Samuel R. Thurrnan,
William Grant Van Home,
Charles Stetson Varian,
Heber M. Wells,
Noble Warrum, Jr.,
Orson Ferguson Whitney,
Joseph John Williams.

William H. Maughan,

The officers were as follows:
President: John Henry Smith, Salt Lake City.
Secretaries: Parley P. Christensen, Grantsville, Tooele County; C. S.

Assistant, Ogden, Weber County.

Rapp,

106

UTAH AS IT IS.

Enrolling and Engrossing Clerk: Joseph A. Smith, Providence, Cache

County.

Sergeant-at-arms. R. Clawson, Ephraim, Sanpete County.
Messenger: Thomas S. Watson, Heber, Wasatch County.
Watchman: Bruce Johnson, Salt Lake City.
Janitor: J. N. Scott, Salt Lake City.

Pages: John H. Thorn, Salt Lake City; L. C. Camp, Salt Lake City.
Committee Clerks: Miss B. T. Macmasters, Salt Lake City; Miss Henrietta

Clark, Salt Lake City.

The proceedings continued until May 8, and were very
voluminous. The Constitution that was formulated was rati-
fied by the voters of the State by an immense majority, the
election — at which State officers and a Legislature were also
chosen — being on November 5.

FIRST STATE OFFICERS.

THE election above spoken of developed the presence of
three parties in Utah — Republican, Democratic and Populist,
the first named winning by an average plurality of about
2000. The tickets were as follows:

REPUBLICAN.

Congressman;

C. E. Allen.
Governor:

Heber M. Wells.
Supreme Court Judges:

Charles S. Zane,

George W. Bartch,

James A. Miner.
Secretary of State:

James T. Hammond.
Attorney General:

A. C. Bishop.
Treasurer:

James Chipman.
Auditor:

Morgan Richards.
School Superintendent:

John R. Park.

DEMOCRATIC.

B. H. Roberts.
John T. Caine.

Thomas Maloney,
Samuel R. Thurman,
Richard W. Young.

Fisher S. Harris.
A. J. Weber.
Alma Greenwood.
Guy C. Wilson.
Karl G. Maeser.

POPULIST.

James Hogan.
Henry W. Lawrence.

No nominations.

Thomas C. Bailey.
J. S. Weaver.
Thos. L. Jones.
Hans O. Young.
I. T. Alvord.

MEMBERS OF FORMER LEGISLATOR'S — SENATORS.

108 UTAH AS IT IS.

THE STATE LEGISLATURES.

THE FIRST Legislature assembled in the rooms arranged
for it in the Joint City and County building in Salt Lake City
at high noon on the second Monday in January, 1896. The
session was limited by the Constitution to ninety days, all of
which were occupied, and more too, for, like every previous
and subsequent session, the last legislative "day" consisted of
several days. George M. Cannon of Salt Lake was chosen
President of the Council and Presley Denny of Beaver
Speaker of the House. No delay was experienced in getting
down to business, albeit the first sitting was temporary, occu-
pying practically all of the first day.

In order to give a better understanding of the member-
ship in each case, the locality of the members by Legislative
districts is given. The districts are as follows, each having
one member except where otherwise stated:

SENATE — 18 MEMBERS.

First — Box Elder and Tooele Counties.

Second — Cache County.

Third — Rich, Morgan and Davis Counties.

Fourth— Weber County (2).

Fifth — Summit and Wasatch Counties.

Sixth— Salt Lake County (5).

Seventh— Utah County (2).

Eighth — Juab and Millard Counties.

Ninth — Sanpete County.

Tenth— Sevier, Wayne, Piute and Garfield Counties.

Eleventh — Beaver, Iron, Washington and Kane Counties.

Twelfth — Emery, Carbon, Uintah, Grand and San Juan Counties.

HOUSE — 45 MEMBERS.

First — Box Elder County. Tenth — Wasatch County,

Second — Cache County (3). Eleventh — Utah County (4).

Third — Rich County. Twelfth — Uintah County.

Fourth— Weber County (4). Thirteenth— Juab County.

Fifth — Morgan County. Fourteenth — Sanpete County (2).

Sixth — Davis County. Fifteenth— Carbon County.

Seventh — Tooele County. Sixteenth — Emery County.

Eighth — Salt Lake County (10). Seventeenth — Grand County.

Ninth— Summit County. Eighteenth— Sevier County.

STATEHOOD. 109

Nineteenth — Millard County. Twenty-fourth — Iron County.

Twentieth — Beaver County. Twenty-fifth — Washington County.

Twenty-first — Piute County. Twenty-sixth — Kane County.

Twenty-second — Wayne County. Twenty-seventh — San Juan County.
Twenty-third— Garfield County.

SENATORS .

First District Abraham Zundel

Second District Noble Warrum, Jr

Third District John R. Barnes

Fourth District David McKay, E; M. Allison

Fifth District Robert C. Chambers

Sixth District George M. Cannon, Hiram E. Booth, Glen Miller, George

Sutherland, Elmer B. Jones.

Seventh District Abel J. Evans, Malin M. Warner

Eighth District James P. Driscoll

Ninth District William Candland

Tenth District John F. Chidester

Eleventh District Edward H. Snow

Twelfth District R. G. Miller

President, George M. Cannon.

REPRESENTATIVES.

First District William H. Gibbs

Second District Joseph Monson, John M. Bernheisel, Peter M. Maughan

Third District Aquila Nebeker

Fourth District Thomas J. Stevens, Amasa S. Condon, Nathan J. Harris,

I/ee A. Curtis.

Fifth District Daniel Heiner

Sixth District R. E. Egan

Seventh District..... Emil J. Raddatz

Eighth District Edward B. Critchlow, Harwood M. Gushing, Thomas D.

lyewis, Seth W. Morrison, George Iv. Nye, William P.

Nebeker, J. F. Snedaker, Alvin V. Taylor, William W.

Wilson, Thomas Fergusson.

Ninth District George Beard

Tenth District Joseph R. Murdock

Eleventh District A. O. Smoot, Marinus L,arsen, James T. Thome,

Hyrum lyemmon.

Twelfth District William Gibson

Thirteenth District Adelbert Cazier

Fourteenth District John Lowry, Sr., Peter Thompson

Fifteenth District James X. Ferguson

Sixteenth District William Howard

Seventeenth District John H. Shafer

Eighteenth District James M. Bolitho

Nineteenth District Orvil Thompson

110 UTAH AS IT IS.

Twentieth District Presley Denny

Twenty-first District Charles Morrill

Twenty-second District M. W. Mansfield

Twenty-third District Thomas Sevy

Twenty-fourth District Edgar L. Clark

Twenty-fifth District James Andrus

Twenty-sixth District Joseph E. Robinson

Twenty-seventh District Andrew P. Sorenson

Speaker, Presley Denny .

SECOND LEGISLATURE, 1897.

SENATORS.

First District William G. Nebeker

Second District Joseph Monson

Third District Aquila Nebeker

Fourth District Lewis W. Shurtliff, Daniel Hatner

Fifth District Robert C. Chambers

Sixth District John T. Caine, Martha H. Cannon, Benjamin A. Harbour,

David O. Rideout, Jr., George A. Whitaker.

Seventh District Abraham O Smoot, Abel J. Evans

Eighth District Joseph V. tfobison

Ninth District % John F. Allred

Tenth District- Isaac K. Wright

Eleventh District Edward H. Snow

Twelfth District M. E. Johnson

PresideLt, Aquila Nebeker.

REPRESENTATIVES.

First District Samuel N. Cook

Second District Joseph Kimball, Ingwald C. Thoresen, Moroni Price

Third District David S. Cook

Fourth District Angus McKay, Sarah . derson, John N. Perkins

William H. O'Brien.

Fifth District John Hopkin

Sixth District Hyrum Stewart

Seventh District Norman B. Dresser

Eighth District Heber Bennion, Scipio A. Kenner, Eurithe K. LaBarthe,

Daniel Mangan, George Romney, Jr., Richard B. Shep-
ard, Robert W. Sloan, Joseph E. Taylor, James Thomp-
son, Everett W. Wilson.

Ninth District Charles A. Callis

Tenth District Joseph R. Murdock

Eleventh District Louis P. Lund, W. O. Creer, Hyrum Lemmon, William

M. Roylance.

Twelfth District William Gibson

Thirteenth District... ...Claude V. Wheeler

STATEHOOD. Ill

Fourteenth District Aaron Hardy, Neils C. Sorenson

Fifteenth District :. Oliver G. Kimball

Sixteenth District L. P. Oveson

Seventeenth District Andrew P. Sorenson

Eighteenth District . Barnard H. Greenwood

Nineteenth District William A. Ray

Twentieth District William L. H. Dotson

Twentv-first District James E. Forshee

Twenty-second District Hiett E. Maxfield

Twenty-third District Andrew J. Hansen

Twenty-fourth District John Parry

Twenty-fifth District James G. Duffin

Twenty-sixth District. Joseph .Robinson

Twenty-seventh District V. P. Martin

Speaker, John N Perkins.

THIRD LEGISLATURE, 1899.

SENATORS.

First District William G. Nebeker

Second District Joseph Howell

Third District Aqui a Nebeker

Fourth District Lewis W.Shurtliff, Fred J. Kiesel

Fifth District Robert C. Chambers

Sixth District Martha H. Cannon, David H. Peery, Jr., David O. Ride-
out, Jr., Richard K. Thomas, Orson F. Whitney.

Seventh District Abraham O. Smoot, Abel J Evans

Eighth District Joseph V. Robison

Ninth District Ferdinand Alder

Tenth District Isaac K. Wright

Eleventh District Rollin R. Tanner

Twelfth District Harden Bennion

Aquila Nebeker, President.

REPRESENTATIVES.

First District John P. Holmgren

Second District Aaron F. Farr, Jr., Albert A. Law, Charles Z. Harris

Third District David S. Cook

Fourth District Tillman D. Johnson, George W. Bramwell, Nathan J.

Harris, Sherman S. Smith.

Fifth District Charles A, Welch

Sixth District John Fisher

Seventh District George F. Richards

Eighth District....... Samuel W. Stewart, Benjamin T. Lloyd, Horace Cum-

mings, Heber Bennion, Alice M. Home, John E. Han-
sen, Joseph G. By water, Albert W. Forman, Charles M.
Jackson, Richard B. Shepard.

MEMBERS OF FORMKR LEGISLATURES— REPRtSKNTATlVES.

STATEHOOD. 113

Ninth District r James Ivers

Tenth District James W. Clyde

Eleventh District Marinus Larsen, Joseph Lapish, John E. Betts, William

M. Roylance.

Twelfth District William O'Neil

Thirteenth District Claude V. Wheeler

Fourteenth District Parley Christiansen, C. W. Sorenson

Fifteenth District Reuben G. Miller

Sixteenth District jasper Robertson

Seventeenth District Lester Taylor

Eighteenth District Barnard H. Greenwood

Nineteenth District Thomas C. Callister

Twentieth District John R Murdock

Twenty-first District John H. Fullmer

Twenty second District M. W. Mansfield

Twenty-third District Jesse W. Crosby, Jr

Twenty-fourth District ...John Parry

Twenty-fifth District John G. McQuarrie

Twenty-sixth District Joseph E. Robinson

Twenty-seventh District L. H. Redd, Jr

Speaker, William M. Roylance.

FOURTH LEGISLATURE, 1901.

SENATORS.

First District H. S. Larsen

Second District Joseph Howell

Third District J. G. M. Barnes

Fourth District Fred J. Kiesel, Edward M. Allison, Jr

Fifth District J. R. Murdock

Sixth District George N. Lawrence, Hoyt Sherman, O. F. Whitney, R.

K. Thomas, S. H. Love.

Seventh District A. O. Smoot, Abel J. Evans

Eighth District George C. Whitmore

Ninth District Ferdinand Alder

Tenth District Willis Johnson

Eleventh District R. R Tanner

Twelfth D strict Harden Bennion

President, Abel J. Evans.

REPRESENTATIVES.

First District John P. Holmgren

Second District Seth A. Langton, Joseph Pond, P. M. Maughan

Third District Edward R. South

Fourth District.../.. Ed ward H. Anderson, William Glasmann, Thomas H.

Davis, Archibald McFarland.
Fifth District Richard R. Fry

114 UTAH AS IT IS.

Sixth District O. P. Hatch

Seventh District Francis B. Hall

Eighth District Rulon S. Wells, William McMillan, Nephi L. Morris,

William N. Williams, W. G. Van Home, A. L. Hamlin,
John T. Axton, Benner X. Smith, Orson H. Hewlett,
Archibald Stuart.

Ninth District Dan Lambert

Tenth District William Van Wagenen

Eleventh District Mosiah Evans, Henry Gardner, Ephraim Homer, D.

C. Johnson

Twelfth District George P. Billings

Thirteenth District Frank Holzheimer

Fourteenth District N. Ci Christensen, John L. Bench

Fifteenth District J R. Sharp

Sixteenth District Levi N. Harmon

Seventeetnh District A. P. Mohr

Eighteenth District John W. Phillips

Nineteenth District Engene W. Kelley

Twentieth District William H. Barratt

Twenty-first District Samuel L. Page

Twenty-second District Albert Stevens

Twenty-third District George W.Johnson

Twenty-fourth District Joseph F. McGregor

Twenty-fifth District David H. Morris

Twenty-sixth District H. S. Cutler

Twenty-seventh District Lemuel H. Redd

Speaker, William Glasmann.

FIFTH LEGISLATURE, 1903.

SENATORS.

First District H. S. Larsen

Second District Alonzo G. Barber

Third District J. G. M. Barnes

Fourth District David McKay, Edward M. Allison

Fifth District J. R. Murdock

Sixth District Hoyt Sherman, S. H. Love, George N. Lawrence, William

N. Williams, Simon Bamberger.

Seventh District Henry Gardner, C. E. Loose

Eighth District , George C. Whitmore

Ninth District C. P. Larsen

Tenth District Willis Johnson

Eleventh District A. B. Lewis

Twelfth District 1... Harden Bennion

President, Edward M. Allison.

REPRBSENTAT I VES.
First District ...F. W. Fishburn

STATEHOOD. 115

Second District Thomas H. Merrill, David R. Roberts, William W. Hall

Third District Robert McKinnon

Fourth District Mary G. Coulter, Amasa S. Condon, Archibald McFar-

land, John C. Child.

Fifth District James A. Anderson

Sixth District .....David Stoker

Seventh District William Spry

Eighth District Heber A. Smith, James W. Cahoon, Thomas Hull, John

J. Stewart, Daniel McRae, Albert L. Hamlm, Willard
Done, Albert H. Nash, James N. Haslam, Charles Brink

Ninth District Edward P. Evans

Tenth District James B. Wilson

Eleventh District John Q. Stone, George Austin, Stephen L. Chipman

Charles A. Tietjen.

Twelfth District R. Colton

Thirteenth District George H. Adams

Fourteenth District William Metcalf, Lorenzo Peterson

Fifteenth District Edwin C. Lee

Sixteenth District Joseph E. Johnson

Seventeenth District Alma Molyneux

Eighteenth District Asa R. Hawley

Nineteenth District .-... Charles W. Watts

Twentieth District William H. Barrett

Twenty-first District William E. White

Twenty-second District Willis E. Robison

Twenty-third District Alfred Luther

Twenty-fourth District Morgan Richards, Jr

Twenty-fifth District David H. Morris

Twenty-sixth District Joel H. Johnson

Twenty-seventh District Wayne H. Redd

Speaker, Thomas Hull.

THE SENATORIAL ELECTIONS.

There was not much friction in the matter of choosing
the first two Senators for the State; in this respect the Re-
publicans set their Democratic successors an example which
was wholly ignored. The former got together in caucus the
night before the day designated by law for the first ballot to
take place — the second Tuesday of the session — and made
the election proper merely a matter of form by choosing
Frank J. Cannon by acclamation, he thus becoming Utah's

116 UTAH AS IT IS.

first Senator, and Arthur Brown on the first ballot by only
two votes over C. W. Bennett. The two houses, following
the Federal statute, first voted separately, and as the lower
house voted a little ahead of the other it happened that the
first Representative on the roll — James Andrus, of Washing-
ton county — had the honor of casting the first vote for United
States Senator ever given in this State. He, like his fellow
Democrats, voted for Joseph L. Rawlins and Moses Thatcher,
the vote standing:

Senate — Cannon 12, Brown 12, Thatcher and Rawlins
5 each, one absent.

House — Cannon 31, Brown 29, Thatcher and Rawlins
14 each, Bennett i, C. C. Goodwin i.

SECOND SENATORIAL ELECTION.

This contest was memorable. It developed a* degree of
interest in and out of the Legislature equal to almost any in
the history of the country. There were several candidates.
There were fifty-six Democrats, three Republicans and four
Populists in the body, the votes of the latter being of course
merely complimentary, given first to one favorite, then an-
other. But the Democrats, with all their ponderous majority,
scattered just as badly until the finish, which was on the 53d
ballot in the fourth week of the session, when Joseph L.
Rawlins was elected, receiving thirty-two votes to twenty-
nine for Moses Thatcher and one for Henry P. Henderson, the
latter for several ballots having received a larger vote than
Mr. Rawlins; on the final ballot his following in a body (with
one exception — Senator Daniel Hamer, of Weber) left him
and went over to Rawlins, these with one Republican, Repre-
sentative A. J. Hansen, of Garfield. making the necessary
votes for election. Mr. Thatcher was undoubtedly the most
popular candidate of all, every mention of his name eliciting
some token of approval from the always crowded auditorium.
He had fallen under the displeasure of his file leaders in the
Mormon Church, of which he was an Apostle, in not obtain-

STATEHOOD. 117

ing approval before entering the Senatorial race, and as his
supporters, or many of them, let it go out that an election
would "vindicate" him, the more orthodox among the Church
members in the Legislature, regarding a vote for him as a
blow at their religion, held aloof, while nearly if not all were
personally friendly and regarded him as an eminently fit man
for the place. As one of the legislators expressed it, "the
Church is not allowed to mix up with politics, and I propose
to see that politics does not mix up with the Church." Al-
though Mr. Rawlins proved an able Senator, it is well as-
sured that Mr. Thatcher would have been quite as strong and
influential.

Two days later, at a joint session appointed for the pur-
pose, speeches were made by Senator-elect Rawlins, Messrs.
Thatcher, Henderson, O. W. Powers, Governor Wells and
Fisher S. Harris, for all of whom votes had been given.

THIRD SENATORIAL CONTEST.

Notwithstanding the fact that the Democrats had fully
two-thirds of the membership in each house, they failed to
elect a Senator in this contest. A. W. McCune was the
leading candidate and he was within two or three votes of an
election on several ballots, but the opposition to him in the
ranks of his own party was able to prevent his choice and
ran the session out on that footing. There were several can-
didates— the one named, W. H. King and O. W. Powers,
Democrats, Frank J. Cannon, Silver Republican, and George
Sutherland, Republican, with more or less scattering continu-
ally. Late in the session and at a time when it looked as if
Mr. McCune would win on the next ballot, a great sensation
was sprung by Representative Law, of Cache county, who
arose from his seat and stated that the evening before he had
been bribed by McCune, who offered $1,500 for the legis-
lator's vote, $80 of which was paid and turned over to the
Salt Lake chief of police. Because of this two or three
members who had been opposing and were supposed to have

STATE OFFICERS, 1903.

STATEHOOD. 119

been won over, along with a few who had been supporting
him, failed to fall in line and an investigation, which proved
to be trying and tedious, was ordered. Two reports were
made, one exonerating, the other mildly denunciatory; mean-
time his normal strength had returned but he never got any
further. Conspiracy was freely charged but never proved,
and the whole subject was left where it fell.

As a result of this failure, the Utah Legislature, in 1905,
will have had an experience so unique as to be unrivaled in the
whole country's history, I believe — that is, a Senatorial elec-
tion at each of six consecutive sessions. Truly, this com-
munity is a record maker in more ways than one!

FOURTH SENATORIAL ELECTION.

Before the solons had fairly settled down to the business
which brought them together as law-makers, in January,
1901, the Republican members — who were largely in the ma-
jority— got together in caucus, and after a long and interest-
ing contest, nominated Thomas Kearns for Senator. In this
race were some strong candidates — W. S. McCornick, bank-
er; O. J. Salisbury, capitalist; A. L. Thomas, postmaster of
Salt Lake City; Thomas Fitch, lawyer and orator of national
repute, and ex-Senator Arthur Brown. Mr. -Reams' choice
was subsequently ratified by the assembly, all the Republi-
cans voting for him. The complimentary vote of the Demo-
crats went to A. W. McCune.

FIFTH SENATORIAL ELECTION.

By far the most expeditious piece of work the Utah
Legislature ever accomplished, in the matter of electing a
Senator, was that of the Fifth State assembly in electing
Reed Smoot to the position. But one ballot was taken in
caucus and one in each house, the vote standing as follows:

Senate — Smoot 10, Governor Wells 2, Rawlins 6.

House — Smoot 37, Governor Wells 3, Rawlins 5.

Mr. Smoot is a zealous Republican (he is mentioned at

120 UTAH AS IT IS.

length elsewhere), so is Governor Wells, while Mr. Rawlins
is a Democrat, the incumbent of the Senatorship who was dis-
placed by Mr. Smoot.

GENERAL ELECTIONS.

As previously stated, the first general election was just
previous and preparatory to Statehood, and its results are
elsewhere given.

THE SECOND

one occurred the following year and it overturned things
political completely, the State changing from a Republican to
an overwhelmingly Democratic one. William J. Bryan for
President received a majority over William McKinley of over
51,000; the candidate of the Democrats for Congress —
William H. King — had some 20,000 less, but still enough;
the falling off in his case being caused by the Silver Repub-
licans supporting the nominee of the "straight" element of
the party — Lafayette Holbrook — while supporting the Bryan
electors. Every county but three went Democratic, Salt Lake
county by about 5,000.

THE THIRD ELECTION

occurred in November, 1898, when a Representative to Con-
gress, Judge of the Supreme Court and Legislature were
chosen. The tickets were —

Democratic: Congressman, Brigham H.Roberts; Judge,
R. N. Baskin.

Republican: Congressman, Alma Eldredge; Judge,
Charles S. Zane.

Populist: Congressman, Warren Foster; Judge, J. N.
Bowman.

The Democratic ticket was successful throughout.

FOURTH ELECTION.

This was another Presidential year — 1900 — and an-

STATEHOOD. 121

other uflop" was marked up to Utah's credit, or otherwise, as
the reader prefers. The leviathan Democratic majority of
four years previously and the small one of two years before
were sent sailing dismally into the gulf of Smithereens and a
Republican preponderance about equaling that of the first
election took place. The McKinley and Roosevelt electors —
J. R. Murdock, C. E. Loose and W. K. Walton — were
chosen, George Sutherland was elected Congressman over
W. H. King and G. W. Bartch Judge over J. W. N. White-
cotton. The Legislature was also Republican. The suc-
cessful candidates — all Republicans — otherwise were:

Governor, HeberM. Wells, over James H. Moyle; Sec-
retary of State, James T. Hammond, over Fisher S. Harris;
Attorney General, M. A. Breeden, over A. J. Weber; Audi-
tor, C. S. Tingey, over Henry N. Hayes; Treasurer, John
De Grey Dixon, over R. C. Lund; School Superintendent,
A. C. Nelson, over Nathan T. Porter.

The Socialists and Prohibitionists were also in the field
but their vote was not important.

FIFTH ELECTION.

For Congressman, Joseph Howell, an ex-State Senator of
Cache county, defeated W. H. King by a decisive plurality,
and W. M. McCarty did the like for Richard W. Young in
the matter of the Supreme Court Judgeship. The Legis-
lature was strongly Republican, its personnel and status ap-
pearing in the proper place.

The Socialists ran Matthew Wilson for Congress and
Warren Foster for Judge, their vote showing a marked in-
crease, but not enough to amount to anything practical.

UTAH STATE OFFICERS, 1903.

CONGRESSIONAL.

U. S. Senators v... J Thomas Kearns

" ( Reed Smoot

Representative Joseph Howell

122 UTAH AS IT IS.

EXECUTIVE OFFICERS.

ELECTIVE.

Heber M. Wells Governor

James T. Hammond Secretary of State

C. S. Tingey State Auditor

John D. Dixon State Treasurer

M. A. Breeden Attorney General

A. C. Nelson Superintendent of Public Instruction

APPOINTIVE.

A. F. Doremus State Engineer

Gomer Thomas Coal Mine Inspector

Waller J. Beatie Bank Examiner

John Sharp Fish and Game Commissioner

Moroni Heiner Food and Dairy Commissioner

Charles DeMoisey Commissioner Bureau of Statistics

GOVERNOR'S STAFF OFFICERS.

Charles S. Burton Adjutant General

Nephi W. Clayton . Quartermaster General

William J. Shealej* Commissary General

S. H. Pinkerton Surgeon General

Benner X. Smith Judge Advocate General

Morris L Ritchie Inspector General

George A. Seaman General Inspector of Target Practice

Edward S. Ferry Aide de Camp

John D. Spencer Aide de Camp

John Q. Cannon Brigadier General N. G. U.

JUDICIARY.

Robert N. Baskin Chief Justice Supreme Court

George W Bartch Justice

William M. McCarty Justice

Charles A. Hart Judge First District

Frank K. Nebeker Attorney First District

Henry H Rolapp Judge Second District

A. B. Hayes Attorney Second District

C. W. Morse ,

S. W. Stewart (.Judges Third District.

C. W. Hall )

D. C. Eichnor Attorney Third District

John E. Booth Judge Fourth District

A. C. Hatch Attorney Fourth District

Thomas Marioneux Judge Fifth District

Joshua Greenwood Attorney Fifth District

John F. Chidester Judge Sixth District

STATEHOOD. 123

Joseph H. Erickson .- Attorney Sixth District

Jacob Johnson Judge Seventh District

William D. Livingston Attorney Seventh District

George L. Nye Reporter Supreme Court

L. P. Palmer... State Librarian

STATE BOARDS.

Board of Pardons — Governor, Attorney General, three Supreme Judges.

Board of Examiners — Governor, Secretary of State, Attorney General.

Board of Loan Commissioners — Governor, Secretary of State, Attorney
General.

State Board of Insane Asylum Commissioners — Heber M. Wells, Gov-
ernor; C. S. Tingey, Auditor; John DeGrey Dixon, Treasurer.

State Board of Corrections— Heber M.. Wells, Charles Read, Fisher
Harris, Elias A, Smith.

State Board of Land Commissioners — Heber M. Wells, Byron Groo, T,
D. Reese, Herschel Bullen, James A. Melville.

State Board of Education— Joseph T. Kingsbury, A. C. Nelson, William
J. Kerr (ex-officio members), William S. Marks, William Allison,

State Board of Equalization — Robert C. Lund, John J. Thomas, Thomas
D. Dee, Swen O. Nielsen.

Regents of the University — Joseph T. Kingsbury Cex-officio member),
Emma J. McVicker, Frank Pierce, William W. Riter, Waldemar Van Cott,
A. H. Lund, James Sharp, Moses Thatcher, Rebecca E. Little.

Trustees Agricultural College— W. S. McCornick, Geo. C. Whitmore,
Mrs. Emily S. Richards, Lorenzo Hanson, Mrs. J. E Bagley, Evan R. Owens,
John A. McAllister.

Trustees State Industrial School— Angus T. Wright, N. C. Flygare,
Richard T. Hume.

Trustees School for Deaf and Dumb — Maud May Babcock, John Wat-
son, Mrs. A. B. Coiay, Fred W. Chambers, M. L. Ritchie.

State Board of Horticulture — Joseph Hyrum Parry, Thomas Judd, B. H.
Bower,

State Board of Health and Vital Statistics— F. S. Bascom, T. B. Beatty.
Martha A. Cannon. A. F. Doremus, S. H. Allen, Frank B. Steele, Willard Y.
Croxall.

Board of Pharmacy— C. H. McCoy, James L. Franken, W. W. Cook,
T. H. Carr, B. F. Riter.

State Board of Medical Examiners — D. C. Budge, A. S. Condon,
Briant Stringham, A. C. Ewing, Elias S. Wright, J. C. Hanchett, R. W.
Fisher.

State Board of Dental Examiners — W. G. Dalrymple, B. H. Bucher,
Harry W. Davis, George E. Ellerbeck, A.S. Chapman,

State Board of Labor, Conciliation and Arbitration — J. S. Daveler, E.
A. Wall. John Nicholson.

124

UTAH AS IT IS.

D. A. and M. Society, Directors of— Nelson A. Empey, Septimus W.
Sears. Mrs. Simon Bamberger, John S. Bransford, Wiley Cragtm, Maurice
K. Parsons, George Adams, John C. Cutler, Thomas H. Smith, Ruth M. Fox,
John H. Seely, James G. McDonald.

. Utah Silk Commission — Mrs. Margaret A. Caine, Mrs. Ann C. Wood-
bury, Mrs. Elizabeth Packard, Mrs. Rachel Siegel, Miss Maria E. Zundel.
Utah Art Institute— George M. Ottinger, H. L. A. Culmer, Mrs. Edna
W. Sloan, Miss Mary Teasdel, Mrs. Alice M. Home, S. T. Whittaker, Alan
L. Lovey.

FEDERAL OFFICIALS FOR UTAH, 1903.

District Judge John A. Marshall

District Attorney Joseph Lippman

Marshal Ben B. Hey wood

Revenue Collector Edw. H. Callister

Receiver of the Land Office George A. Smith

Surveyor General Edward H. Anderson

Special Agent Interior Department.. Percy S. Sowers

Inspector Railway Mail Service M. M. Steele

THOMAS HULI,,

Speaker of the last House of
Representatives, 1903.

GEORGE M. CANNON,

President of the first State Senate,
1896.

GROWTH OF POLITICS

NO PARTIES FOR SOME TIME, THEN PLENTY

OF THEM.

IT was regarded as a fixed fact, until demonstrated other-
wise, that when the Mormons swung loose from their
home-brewed party and took up with the political vintage in
vogue elsewhere, they would be found Democratic to a man.
Undoubtedly there were more Democrats than anything or
all things else for some time, but their ranks not only failed to
contain the entire adult roll of the Church but did not show
such names as Joseph F. Smith, John Henry Smith, Francis
M. Lyman, Mathias F. Cowley and several others who were
strongly suspected of membership in rather good standing in
that religious organization. A reference to the immediately
previous chapter of this book, as well as this one, shows at a
glance that Utah has so far been a most decided ''wobbler,"
with a strong tendency at the present writing to Republican-
ism. The attitude of the Democratic party on the expansion
question, which came into existence three or four years ago,
together with its predilection for low tariffs, sent its members
by the thousand over to the other side; whether they will stay
there or not is a case of quien sabe, depending largely upon the
wisdom and justice with which one party uses power, and the
honesty and energy with which the other one bids for it. Be-
sides, there are the Socialists, a growing host, to be reckoned
with.

It might as well be understood, where it is not already, that
the generality of mankind are not prone to steadfastly following
sentimental theories or practical abstractions for the accomplish-
ment of political or other ends; and one purpose of this book
is to. show that the Saints of the latter days, while peculiar

126 UTAH AS IT IS.

in some respects, are not so in all. That (like people else-
where) some things will be conceded for the sake of organ-
ization and concerted action in the upholding of certain lines
of political policy, is of course; but that the term "belonging"
to a party implies physical and mental ownership of the indi-
vidual so belonging is not of course as relates to a very great
proportion of the voters, enough at least to hold the balance
of power. Let a person's bread be buttered with sentiment
and nothing else for a while, and he is mighty apt to seek a
change of stomach through a change of heart. It is doubt-
less safe to say, in view of the foregoing, that the great body
of the Mormons take politics as they do medicine — not be-
cause of hankering after it particularly, but for the good it is
supposed to do; they prefer a brisk organization to a slow
one, with an up-to-date programme rather than one that is be-
hind the times, all the while realizing that too much swiftness
in reaching ends aimed at is apt to be like the same thing in
reaching railway stations — the greater the speed the greater
the risk, and in case of accident the damage to a flyer is cor-
respondingly greater than to a slow-goer. In conclusion, it is
proper to say that as between friends and foes, the Mormons
have a tolerably unvarying preference for the former.

In the beginning and for many years Utah had no politics
or political. parties. The people being practically of one mind
and having in view the accomplishment of common objects
were not specially in need of anything of the kind, the intro-
duction of which, as they could plainly see, must inevitably
entail division, strife and, it might be in the end, disruption.
The house was not for a long while to come prepared to divide
against itself, although as individuals there was some little
party spirit felt and displayed at times. In their isolated con-
dition the people would have been foolish to encourage such
breeches in their ranks as come of partisan strife, yet they
could not entirely dissipate the results of early training and
later associations, and the interest felt in the recurring Presi-
dential and even Congressional contests was far from being

GROWTH OF POLITICS. 127

apathetic. As in all the other cases spoken of, however, con-
tact with increasing numbers of opponents from the outside
world could have but one result — political division. This be-
gan, according to some people's views, quite early enough and
in a way that brought but little satisfaction with it. Instead
of establishing the organizations that existed elsewhere and
making contests on those lines, the ones who brought on the
division in society created a new line of demarcation by com-
ing out squarely for opposition to the Mormon Church as the
cardinal and basic principle of their political faith, but of this
later. Such action had a tendency the reverse of what was
expected, since when the people found they had real oppo-
sition because of their beliefs and practices to contend with
again, such a state of things aroused them from the partially
dormant condition which lack of friction always produces, and
instead of only a portion voting it became well nigh a unani-
mous thing! A common peril united them as before, and not
only this, but rekindled something of the old fervor.

THE LIBERAL PARTY.

THE first indication of the coming political tempest was
early in 1867, v.hen a handful of anti-Mormons got together in
Salt Lake City and proceeded with all the solemnity possible
under the circumstances to organize a party in consonance with
their peculiar views. This they did and eventually gave to the
new birth the name "Liberal." (The formal organization
took place February 9, 1870.) It was contended by many
who were opposed to the new deal, of course, and for a long
time that this was a misnomer; that when the principles, aims
and expectations of the "new movement" were taken into con-
sideration, the element of liberality in its broadest sense was
wholly wanting. However, we have it on the authority of
Shakespeare that names are not necessarily descriptive of the

128 UTAH AS IT IS.

things named, and moreover the leaders claimed that they
were not using the word in its orthodox but its heterodox
sense, and with that understanding it achieved recognition
and no little prestige. The name, however, was not selected
without some little animadversion, during which other nomen-
clature was suggested, such as Independent, American, and
so on, the last named probably being thought too reminiscent
of the defunct Knownothing organization, and the first not
sufficiently comprehensive. So Liberal was finally decided
upon.

Whatever may have been the general purpose of the
organizers of the Liberal party, its chief pillar was, as stated,
opposition to the rule of the Mormon Church, growing
into undisguised opposition to the Church itself, thus bringing
into its folds at once almost the entire element called, for con-
venience sake, "outsiders," and meaning apostates from the
Church as well as Gentile accessions from elsewhere. The mem-
bership roll of the new party, then and afterwards, contained
the names of some men who were undoubtedly well meaning,
high-minded and conservative in their disposition, men who,
while desirous that the national laws as they were be observed
by all classes, were non-bigoted and willing to concede a great
deal for opinion's sake so long as physical and mental pro-
gress were not impeded. Many, however, the majority no
doubt, were for a war under the black flag, accepting of no
compromises and enlisting no recruits who were not against
the "enemy" tooth and nail. These had their way until near
the finish and as a result the organization deprived itself of
strength at times which it might as well have had and kept.
As an illustration of this, we need only turn to the revolt of
1869, for some time popularly known as the "Godbeite"
movement, which threatened but failed to become a schism
within the Mormon Church, A weekly publication issued by
W. S. Godbe and E. L. T. Harrison and called the Utah
Magazine, in one of its issues of the period referred to advo-
cated the opening and working of the mineral resources of

GROWTH OF POLITICS.

129

the Territory, which even then were known to be immense.
This was regarded as premature (for reasons which appear
in the sketch of Brigham Young and incidentally elsewhere
herein) and the offending brethren — they were brethren then
— and several of their associates were promptly disciplined.
The recalcitrants being stubborn, their expulsion from the
Church followed. They were in almost every instance men
of education, integrity and high social standing, among them
being Henry W. Lawrence, Eli B. Kelsey, and the two named.

They naturally drifted to
the Liberal organization,
which received them with
open arms, but they soon
found that non-Mormon-
ism was not enough; that
it must be anti-Mormon-
ism straight from the
shoulder or nothing. Some
few made the plunge, but
the most of them did not
and at once became men
without a party.

Speaking of the first
contest on the new lines
— the contestants in which
were the late Hon. W. H.
Hooper as the People's
candidate, and one W. M.
McGrorty, to fortune and to fame both previously unknown,
representing the Liberals — a little book entitled "The Practi-
cal Politician," by the writer of these chapters, contains the
following information :

"Measured as an antagonistic element, the showing made
would have been, but for what it portended later on, simply
absurd; it was the very point of littleness finely sharpened.
Hooper's vote as compared with McGrorty's was as hundreds

WM. H. HOOPER.

130 UTAH AS IT JS.

to one; but the latter was the nucleus around which all ele-
ments opposed to the great majority were destined to cluster
and increase; lines of opposition had been formed at last and
no more forever, while mortality prevails, were the returns
for a general election to show a unanimity for any cause or
shade of belief. The situation became at once the People's
party (the name adopted by the majority) in possession, with
the Liberal party as claimant and contestant.

"Things went on in this way for a good while, the gain
in the Liberal vote being much greater proportionately than
in that of the People. The former organization spread, its
ramifications extending to all the mining camps and the larger
towns of the Territory. It carried nothing, however, till in
1874, when it claimed and took possession of the offices in
Tooele County, against the earnest protest of the other side
who claimed that the Liberal vote in Ophir, East Canyon and
Stockton (its strongholds then) had been 'padded' to suit the
occasion. Be that as it may, possession was taken, after legal
proceedings had been invoked, and held for two years. The
county was immediately dubbed 'the Republic7 by the jubi-
lant Liberals and its occupancy by their forces hailed in very
much the same spirit as was the capitulation of Vicksburg by
the people of the North during the war. It was a short-lived
incumbency, however, for when the two years had expired
the victors became the vanquished and withdrew from the
field, not having returned since. The advent of the Pacific
Railway had previously brought the town of Corinne into ex-
istence, and wrhile it is now but a fragment of its original and
long-time self, it was quite populous for several years and was
nearly unanimously Liberal, but even this could not outweigh
the heavy People's vote in the county outside of Corinne, so
the practical advantages gained were nil"

Captain Hooper, as he was familiarly called, was the
People's efficient representative in Congress for several terms,
two or three of them occurring after this episode. His next
opponent was George R. Maxwell, in 1869, who made a con-

GROWTH OF POLITICS. 131

test for the seat and was effectually turned down. He (Cap-
tain Hooper) was succeeded in 1873 by George Q. Cannon,
who held the position until April 19, i882,when he was rejected
because of implied immorality! In all the range of political
history it would be difficult to find anything at all approaching
this for Pharisaical absurdity and gross injustice, but it is use-
less to dwell upon it now.

More substantial results followed. In 1889 the Liberals
succeeded in capturing the city of Ogden. The following
year, after one of the most exciting and systematic political
contests ever carried on anywhere, they obtained control of
Salt Lake City and kept on carrying it until in 1894, when it
went down to defeat by a coalition of opposing elements and
its disbandment followed soon after. The formal dissolution
occurred in November of that year.

As previously suggested herein, the organization of the
party had no fixed date, but became a crystallization of the
sentiment in existence which was opposed to Church rule
and in favor of temporal progress along the lines of estab-
lished precedents. In other words, like "Topsy," it "jess
growed," and when it had grown to a certain stage of
development it took shape and started up in business. As is
shown, it grew with tolerable rapidity, but its growth was
not, as has been asserted, a gauge of the extent to which the
non-Mormon influx was going on, for its numbers were
almost as numerously added to by accessions of seceders
from the Mormon faith as otherwise — this, of course, after the
differences between the two elements previously spoken of
had been adjusted. However, until the gigantic contest of
1890, it was, notwithstanding its increasing strength, a more
or less undisciplined, awkward squad, aiming at abstractions
and impracticable things and never equal to its full self for
want of organization and leadership. At this time Judge O.
W. Powers (elsewhere spoken of) came upon the scene and
things all at once began to change. It did not take the lead-
ers of the People's party long to discover that they were up

132

UTAH AS IT IS.

against something, and that walk-overs were at last matters
of memory only. All recognized, before the campaign closed,
that one of the most compact, systematic and best disciplined
forces was arrayed against the hitherto unbeaten hosts in pos-
session of the citadel that ever went afield. Regularity per-
vaded everything.
Squads were formed,
named and numbered
in every nook and
corner of the city,
these being integral
parts of larger squads
and all merging into
a grand central zone
of which Judge Pow-
ers was the head and
front. Everything
focused at his head-
quarters, and he was
in touch with the re-
motest as thoroughly
as with the nearest of
the ramifications. Its
parades were page-
ants, its meetings up-
risings. One of its advertised processions was called off be-
cause of the violent weather — it was February — and the
People's managers as well as the rank and file had a good
time over this, chaffing the "enemy" because of his apparent
lack of stamina and inability to stand hardships; but this came
home to roost. The next great demonstration of the People's
party was attended by a condition of things in which Jupiter
Pluvius took a leading part. The rain came down in bucket-
fuls and the streets became miniature rivers floating slush a
foot deep. A proposition to adjourn was indignantly voted
down and the caravan was ordered to proceed. "The extra-

o. w. POWERS.

GROW1H OF POLITICS. 133

ordinary march was begun" — as one of the school readers
says of Napoleon's advance upon the Alps — and continued
under circumstances far from inspiriting; it was "pulled off"
all right, but oh, how glad we were when it was all over!
("We" is used in its proper sense; the writer carried a torch
and wore a plug hat, which the elements played hookey with.)
And thus it went along, yet strange to say there was not
much bitterness shown on either side. Franklin S. Richards,
the People's chairman, a fine and capable leader, would not
stoop to that line of policy, and Judge Powers was like unto
him . Election day was almost as quiet as Sunday. Many
of us who had taken active parts in the campaign and
"bluffed" a good deal — like the boy whistling as he goes
through a graveyard — went up and voted with a feeling within
somewhat at variance with the outward expression — that for
the first time we had voted on the losing side. The Liberals
won by an average majority of about 700-

The following year the Liberals carried Salt Lake
county, and again was the leadership of Judge Powers mani-
fested. He remained in charge until the wind-up, then went
into the ranks of the organization from which he had never
withdrawn except in a purely local sense, the Democratic
party. His qualities of leadership, however, were not to be
thus obscured and he was again placed at the fore with the
baton of command; he has led that organization through
many trying periods and to many victories.

Charges and counter-charges were numerous. It was
held by many that all the Liberal victories, but especially that
of 1890, were won by colonization and other schemes peculiar
to the urban political system of this age; but they "got there
just the same" and enjoyed the spoils without molestation.

A GENTILE ELECTED IN 1860— LAST OF THE

DELEGATES.
BEFORE proceeding further, a due regard for chronolog-

134

UTAH AS IT IS.

ical order demands that the name of the Delegate to Con-
gress for the term beginning March 4th, 1861, and ending on
the same date in 1863 be given a mention; it was John F.
Kinney. He was previously Chief Justice of the Territory.
Judge Kinney was a Gentile and the Congressional honor
which he coveted was given him over the heads of a good
many of the other people, and this too at a time when, had he
run on the kind of platform that McGrorty went to pieces on,
he would probably have received similar treatment.

A special election was
held to fill the vacancy caused
by the rejection of Delegate
Cannon; this resulted in the
choice of John T. Caine. He
subsequently served in the
same capacity five full terms,
during the whole time of
which the anti-Mormon feel-
ing increased rather than
abated, and the gentleman
had a rather trying time of it.
Carrying through favorable
legislation of a political char-
acter was a rank impossibil-
ity and so he devoted his at-
tention to averting as many
of the blows aimed at the
great majority of his con-
stituents as possible, and

to getting out as much of the malice and invidiousness as
might be from those measures which he could not avert.
He was as successful in this laudable industry as any one
could have been at such a time. One notable instance in
point was that famous piece of special legislation known to
history, literature and the people of Utah as the Edmunds-
Tucker bill. The writer hereof was disfranchised by it for

JOHN T. CAINE,

GROWTH OF POLITICS. 135

three years, not because of having too much matrimony in his
social career, but solely because, rather than take an oath
never to "aid, abet, assist or encourage" those who were in
that position, which was a condition of retaining the franchise,
the latter might go and stay gone. There were doubtless
many more in the same class, but I am unable to speak with
certainty, or at least definiteness, as to them.

Caine's Congressional career closed March 4th, 1893.
The division on national lines of politics previously occurring,
and of which more will be said hereafter, had made it proper
that representatives of the two great national organizations be
selected to make the contest, which occurred in November,
1892. The Democrats nominated Joseph L. Rawlins, the
Republicans Frank J. Cannon, and after a spirited campaign
the former won by a substantial majority, but was defeated
by Mr. Cannon two years later. Both were faithful envoys
of the Territory and both have been rewarded by election to
the United States Senate.

We are now fairly well upon the field of the newer po-
litical situation, and it might as well be gone over thoroughly
while we are at it. While not strictly the work of the Pio-
neers or those succeeding them in the imperishable honors of
laying the foundation of and supervising the commonwealth
structure as the building went along, politics, parties and all
that sort of thing had to come and met with no opposition
when they came for the reason that the time was ripe.

GROWTH OF THE NATIONAL PARTIES.

OF COURSE there were many desultory attempts to get
things political here into shape as they were elsewhere before
the consummation actually arrived. The first real start in
this direction occurred in the spring of 1872, during what is
remembered as the Greeley Presidential campaign with its
tragic outcome. The white-hatted sage of Chappaqua was a

136 UTAH AS IT IS.

prime favorite with a great many people of Utah, embracing
every shade of opinion otherwise, and if Statehood had been
in possession then it is a reasonable guess that he would have
carried our electoral vote by a comfortable majority; on the
other hand, had he been chosen, it is a fair presumption that
he would not have stood in the way of admission. He was a
man of broad and conservative views, not at all prejudiced
and without a trace of bigotry in his composition, a staunch
friend to the West and Western interests, and to refuse would
have had to be confronted with more potent arguments than
that the people who settled the country and made it a part of
the Federal domain were in the majority. But it was not so
recorded in the book of fate; not only this, but the broad-
minded old man himself, broken-hearted by defeat and the
death of his loved and loving wife, went down prematurely
to the grave.

At the time referred to, the leaven of Democracy and
Republicanism which had never weakened very much with
those who brought it here, began to show signs of fomenta-
tion. In an indirect way we could even then participate to a
small extent in the Presidential contest, the Territory being
entitled to representation in the national conventions of those
parties, and to select these Territorial conventions must be
held. The Republicans led out. Pursuant to call duly made
they assembled at the City Hall in this city on the 5th of
April. The meeting was called to order by Abram Hatch,
who nominated Franklin D. Richards for chairman, John
Nicholson being made secretary. The report of the creden-
tials committee showed all parts of the Territory represented,
something remarkable for a time so far back and a beginning
at that. Thomas Fitch and Frank Fuller were elected dele-
gates to the national convention with George A. Smith and
William Jennings alternates. A Territorial committee was
appointed and the convention adjourned.

The Democrats got together at the same place two days
later. Dr H. J. Faust called to order, and named Hadley D.

GROWTH OF POLITICS. 137

Johnson as chairman, W. C. Campbell being the secretary.
Thomas P. Akers and E. M. Barnum were chosen delegates.
A Territorial committee was also selected.

Then came a long lull until November, 1884, during
which interval the People's party and the Liberals had the
political field all to themselves, always to the disadvantage of
the latter. On that date a number of young men of Demo-
cratic proclivities assembled in the law office of Sheeks &
Rawlins in this city and proceeded to form an organization in
accordance with their inclinings. It was called the Demo-
cratic club of Utah, and during the latter part of its existence,
some two years, reveled in an organ, which filled the bill in
name if not in any other respect — the Salt Lake Democrat.

THE SAGEBRUSH DEMOCRACY.

THE real beginning of the new system of things political
in Utah was when, in October, 1888, a hundred or more
Democrats, old and young, got together in the old City Hall,
Salt Lake City, and brought themselves into existence, so to
speak. They were from all parts of the Territory, those from
a distance being either in attendance on the Mormon Church
conference which , was then in session, or having taken advan-
tage of the reduced railway rates always given on such occa-
sions to visit the city. It had and has been claimed that there
were other previous Democratic gatherings of Territorial
magnitude, and this is true, in a sense, as shown, but these
were so early in the political season that all the participants
failed to grasp the consequence of what they were engaged
in, and at least a few, being subsequently if not then Repub-
licans in national feeling, and still more whose political under-
standing was not full-orbed, must have had a somewhat confused
idea of what it was they were at. The party convention
business was a comparatively new thing in Utah at that time,
and anything that was labeled "convention" was sure, like
the net cast into the sea, to bring in all kinds of fish. Un-

138 UTAH AS IT IS.

doubtedly there were some pretty strong, prominent, intelli-
gent men in attendance, or the gatherings might have "gang
agley" badly. It is also not forgotten that another conven-
tion of the Democracy was held in 1886, when Col. Ferry, of
Park City, was nominated for Delegate to Congress, but this
was a Liberal as well as a Democratic affair, no Mormons
being admitted, and the probabilities are that it was about as
incongruous as the other; also there have been conventions to
elect delegates to the national conventions. To the Sage-
brushers, then, must be accorded the honor of having set the
ball of the new dispensation rolling.

Those who took the most active and prominent part in
the convention were George C. Whitmore (now State Sen-
ator), of Nephi; W. H. King, ex-Judge and ex-Congress-
man, then ot Fillmore; ex-Judge W. N. Dusenberry, S. R.
Thurman, A. O. Smoot, Jr. and Dr. W. R. Pike, of Provo;
F. R. Kenner and W. K. Reid, of Manti; A. W. Ivins, of
St. George;- Dr. J. M. Benedict, H. J. Faust, S. W.
Darke, H. D. Johnson and S. A. Kenner, of Salt Lake.
The meeting was largely impromptu, having been brought
together by call through the papers and personal notification,
so nothing of the cut-and-dried kind was in evidence. Judge
Dusenberry was elected chairman and S. W. Darke secre-
tary. All hands felt a sort of Faneuil Hall responsibility
resting upon them and the feeling that each was a patriotic
pioneer whose work wrould be a broad, bright mark in the
history of the commonwealth was distinctly existent and
plainly manifest. It being a mass convention the usual pre-
liminaries could not be had; there could be no committee on
credentials, because there were but few if any with creden-
tials, but finally a motion carried to have a similar committee
whose duty it would be to report a list of those entitled to
participate, and with such a crude beginning the work went
forward.

The papers treated the gathering variously; ridicule, sar-
casm, reproach and even contempt were visited upon the

GROWTH OF POLITICS. 139

conventioners, the most prominent in its antagonistic sarcasm
being the Tribune, which gave them the name by which they
became known, they holding that, while designed as a meas-
ure of ridicule, the term was quite appropriate, "as no one
ever knew sagebrush to grow on unfruitful soil." They got
no support from any paper in the Territory until they char-
tered a little affair at Nephi and sent the "war-horse" of De-
mocracy, Hadley D. Johnson, down to conduct it.

It was a question for some time (the convention was in
session some twelve hours) as to whether or not the members
would have the individual temerity to nominate a candidate
for Delegate to Congress, and whether the one so named
would care to make the race with an infilading fire from two
hostile forces pouring in on him from start to finish. The
first recess had been taken and two or three hours had been
spent in speech-making over resolutions and anything that
came up; the hall was packed with eager spectators among
whom was a constant buzzing and occasionally an audible
"wonder if they will?" The wonder didn't last long. With-
out previous warning a member arose to his feet and amid
breathless silence obtained the eye of the chair, all seeming
instinctively to realize what was coming. "I move you, sir,"
he said, "that we now proceed to nominate a candidate for
Delegate to Congress." Then the spell was broken and the
erstwhile silence was punctuated with discordant sounds.
The motion carried, being opposed only by A. W. Ivins and
one or two others.

S. R. Thurman was nominated on the second ballot, the
only others that were voted for being Dr. Pike, who was a close
second, and S. A. Kenner, whose support was not consequen-
tial. The nomination was made unanimous, and after the
cheering and general tumult was over another crucial ques-
tion was before the assembly. Nearly all those people were
members in good standing of the dominant Church, other-
wise the "People's party,'7 and would the Democratic
nominee have the hardihood to accept and make a fight?

140

UTAH AS IT fS.

Would the rest of us have the nerve to support him actively,
knowing that to do so meant at least a temporary withdrawal
from the beaten path in which we had walked so pleasurably
and so long?

The discussion that followed the nomination was long
and animated, being broken in upon by another recess, after

which it was resumed, and
finally matters were brought
to a focus by War-horse
Johnson moving that the
nominee take the stand and
let us know what he intended
to do. It was thought by
many that the proper thing
for him would be to decline
on the ground that it had
not been intended at the
outset to put up a candidate,
but merely to organize, and
that therefore the thing was
sprung upon him. He took
the stand with conflicting
emotions contending for the
mastery plainly manifest up-
on his countenance. "Gen-
tlemen," said he, "this ac-
tion on your part was wholly unexpected by me. While
seeking and asking for nothing, I still appreciate in the fullest
manner the great honor you have done me. While I had
rather it had fallen elsewhere, I will not treat it slightingly. I
accept the nomination and will make the race, and — "

But he got no further for awhile. The shouts and cheers
not only stopped him but well-nigh cracked the plastering and
broke the window panes. "Sam" was all at once the lion of
the hour. Judge King was the happiest man in Utah and
"Brother" Johnson looked twenty years younger. (He was

S. R. THURMAN.

GROWTH OF POLITICS. 141

a man who did not take his Democracy in a diluted con-
dition, and he lived long enough to enjoy the fruition of his
hopes in the complete establishment of national party lines.)
A campaign was inaugurated and carried along vigorously,
ymany who would not at that time permit themselves to be
disclosed as sympathizers subscribing liberally to the expense
fund. The Salt Lake Herald, which had given the move-
ment encouragement all along, suddenly found itself unable
to stand the pressure and went to the support of the "People's"
candidate, John T. Caine, he being then an owner in that
paper; its reasons for such action were so peculiarly put forth
that the Tribune got in a good blow on it, saying, "If there
is anything more mysterious than the Herald 's flop, it is the
Herald's explanation of its flop." The Sagebrushers felt
quite elated over the vote polled for their ticket — 511, this
being — the short notice and other things considered — quite a
showing for a commencement. Although the organization
exists only as a memory now, it is by many a most cherished
one. When the writer was doing time in the second State
Legislature he kept a bunch of sagebrush upon his desk, the
chief merit of which performance was that it didn't hurt
anybody.

THE BEGINNING BEGINS AT LAST.

IT WAS not until June, 1890, that a movement looking to
the actual breaking up of existing things in a political way
and a realignment on national lines took place. At this time
a meeting was held at the office of United States Marshal
Frank H. Dyer (subsequently deceased), at which a com-
mittee was appointed to consider the feasibility of abandon-
ing local organizations and beginning in earnest the order of
things at present prevailing. Other meetings were held, and
finally a clufr was formed and a declaration of principles
adopted; of this, all who favored the Democratic cause (Mor-

142 UTAH AS IT IS.

mons included) were invited to become members. A great
many did so. Soon after, Chairman Franklin S. Richards, of
the People's party, realizing and appreciating the logic of
circumstances, called the Salt Lake County Committee to-
gether for the purpose of considering the question of disband-
ing the party, which was done. Then came the more
weighty question of dissolving the Territorial organization.
On June 10, 1891, the committee of the latter met in this
city, whereat the following offical pronunciamento was unani-
mously adopted:

"Whereas, a radical change has taken place in the polit-
ical situation of this Territory; the progressive people of
various parties have determined to abandon old strifes, to
dissolve merely local combinations and to make national ques-
tions paramount;

"Whereas, both Democrats and Republicans who for-
merly united with the so-called Liberal party for the
purpose of overcoming the People's party, have severed that
connection and have organized under their respective party
lines and principles;

"Whereas, each of these organizations has repudiated the
'Liberal' policy, designed to destroy the political liberties of
the majority of our people, and have declared against disfran-
chisement except for crime determined by due process of law;

"Whereas, they have invited the citizens of Utah, re-
gardless of difference in religious views, to join with them
in working for the political redemption of this Territory;

•"Whereas, the chief necessity for the existence of the
People's party has been the compact union and destructive
desires of the 'Liberal' faction, which is now in process of
reluctant dissolution;

"Whereas, the People's party has always cherished the
great principles of popular sovereignty, local self-govern-
ment and national supremacy in national affairs, which both
the great national parties recognize, while differing as to minor
matters;

GROWTH OF POLITICS. 143

"Whereas, several of the county organizations of the
People's party have determined that the time has come when
they can safely dissolve their local party associations and can
labor more efficiently both for the welfare of Utah and the
growth and glory of the United States by uniting with one or
the other of the national parties; and,

"Whereas, it is desirable that the dissensions and strug-
gles which have heretofore hindered the development and
progress of this Territory should be left behind and obliterated
in the march of its people toward their high destiny. Now,
therefore, be it

"Resolved, that it is the sense of the Territorial Central
Committee of the People's party of Utah, that the party
throughout the Territory should dissolve and leave its mem-
bers free to unite with the great national parties according to
their individual preference."

This action was promptly accepted by the Democrats, who
at a subsequent meeting took the necessary formal steps in
the shape of preambles and a resolution, the latter being as
follows :

"Resolved, first, that it is the sense of this committee
that the Democratic party of Utah accepts the act of the dis-
solution of the People's party as done in all sincerity and good
faith, and will give to its former members who may unite
with it a cordial welcome. Second, it rejoices in the belief
that we are now entering upon a period of good will, wherein
the animosities engendered by past local contentions will be
healed and that the people of the Territory, while contending
for the supremacy of the national party of their choice, will
unitedly work in peace and without bitterness and strife for
the prosperity and happiness of the Territory. Third, that a
committee composed of the chairman and three other mem-
bers of the committee prepare and issue an address to the
Democrats of this Territory, calling upon them to unite as one
man in an effort to build up the party in Utah."

Then it was in order for the Republicans to "show

144 UTAH AS IT IS.

their colors," which they were nowise slow or unwilling to
do. A called meeting was held in the Theatre in this city on
the 2Oth of May following. The gathering was a monster,
the house being crowded to the doors. On the stage were
C. W. Bennett as chairman and H. G. McMillan as secretary,
with a number of prominent local Republicans. The preT
vailing sentiment as to division or no division on national lines
was about equally divided, with perhaps a slight majority in
favor of the former. A stormy session was held, the speak-
ers being cheered at times and hooted at others in accordance
with the predilections of those who made the demonstrations.
Finally the pending motion was put, to forsake local issues
for national Republicanism, which the chair declared carried
amid a good deal of confusion. Those who voted "aye"
subsequently acted in accordance with such vote, those who
opposed remaining with the Liberals until that organization
disbanded on November 18, 1894.

THE "SAGEBRUSH" INSPIRATION.

EARLY in May, 1888, a Democratic Territorial con-
vention was held in Ogden for the purpose of electing two
delegates to the national convention at St. Louis and choosing
a Territorial committee. It was a "corker," and as illustrative
of the state of feeling existing at the time and showing what
difficulties had to be overcome in establishing national lines
here, it is given a place in this chapter.

It was an open secret that Mormon delegates would not
be admitted, and but few were elected anyway. Among these
were the following : W.H. King, Millard county ; S.R. Thurman,
Utah county; C. C. Richards, Weber county; S. A. Kenner,
Salt Lake and Sanpete counties. Judge R. K. Williams, of
Ogden, who was not a Mormon, but so well connected with
them by reason of business associations and friendly feelings

GROWTH OF POLITICS.

145

as to be rated one (a "jack Mormon" was what he was
called), shared the same fate as his associates. Five of the
Gentile delegates championed the cause of the Mormons and
insisted upon their being seated, their election and credentials
being regular; they were — Joseph L. Rawlins, Ben Sheeks,
J. G. Sutherland, H. S. Laney and one other, whose name
cannot at present be recalled. Needless to say, their labors in
favor of a square deal were wholly unavailing; indeed, it
looked at times as though they were placing their own seats
in jeopardy by their zeal and persistence.

The ball opened by Chairman W. C. Hall, of the State
committee, calling to order, and before he could proceed any
further Mr. Rawlins was on his feet to name a temporary

chairman. Cries of "Sit
down," "Go on, "etc., became
somewhat terrific, but .finally
Mr. Hall succeeded in an-
nouncing that Judge Powers
had been selected by the
committee as temporary
chairman, and amid consider-
able confusion the judge ad-
vanced to the stage and took

the chair. The circus was
on, but the greater attractions
came later.

The usual proceedings
took place, chief of which
was the appointment of
committees on credentials
and platform, and then oc-
w. H. KING. curred the customary •re-

cess. When the re-as-
sembling occurred and the committees' reports were read the
expected happened. The credentials committee had excluded
the Mormons, along with Judge Williams, and the resolutions

146 UTAH AS IT IS.

contained a provision that membership in the party be not
recognized in those who were also members of the People's
party. More turmoil ensued, but everything went as sched-
uled. Then it was that the outcasts decided to remain any-
way and participate as far as possible, feeling that they had
as much right there as those who had voted them out. The
scenes following were at times so boisterous, rapid and even
dangerous that, being related from memory, they cannot all
be told. Once a deputy U.S. marshal approached Delegate
W. H. King and was about to place his hand upon that gen-
tleman's shoulder, when the latter exclaimed,

"Keep your damned hands off me, or you'll wish you
had!"

"Well, preserve order, then," said the official.

"I am a delegate to this convention, and 'don't take or-
ders from you!" responded the indignant delegate, and with
a little more sparring the incident closed, but there were
plenty more of the same kind.

When the reading of the resolutions had reached the
point where they declared that "we can have no affiliation
with those professed Democrats who hold membership in the
'People's party'" had been read, the delegate from Salt
Lake and Sanpete called out, "I move to amend by inserting
after the word 'People's' the words 'or Liberal.' ' Another
jangle ensued, but finally Judge E. D. Hoge managed to be
heard, and moved that "tnose persons who are here by the
sufferance of this convention be compelled to behave or else
be expelled from the house." The dual delegate immediately
responded, "We are not here by sufferance; this is as much
our convention as yours." This brought the deputy marshal
back to the storm center, and a scene similar to that which
occfurred in the case of Delegate King took place. And thus
it went. All the Mormons (and Judge Williams) finally with-
drew, one of them saying, as the exodus occurred, "Let's go
and hold a decent convention." They assembled elsewhere,
but didn't do much but protest just then.

GROWTH OF POLITICS. 147

S. A. Merritt (whose initials spell the name which a
good many of his acquaintances have called him by) was per-
manent chairman of the convention. In his opening speech
he said, among other things, "A man's first allegiance is to
his country, his next allegiance is to his party." Whereupon
one of the subsequently expelled irreconcilables called out,
"Where does God come in?" "Nowhere," the chairman
condescended to reply. "He has nothing to do with political

rentions."

Did the chairman build wiser than he knew?

JUDGES AND JUDICIAL DISTRICTS.

FOLLOWING are the Chief Justices of Utah from the first:

Heber C. Kimball, 1848-1850 Alexander White, 1875-1876

Joseph Buffington, 1850-1851 Michael SehaefFer, 1876-1879

L. G. Brandebury, 1851-1852 John A. Hunter, 1879-1884

Lazarus H Reed, 1852-1853 Charles S Zane, 1884-1887

John F. Kinney. 1853-1858 Elliott R. Sandford, 1887-1889

Delano R. Eccles, 1858-1860 Charles S. Zane, 1889-1893

John F. Kinney, 1860-1863 Samuel A. Merritt, 1893-1896

John Titus 1863-1867 Charles S. Zane, 1896-1899

Charles C. Wilson,. 1867-1870 George W. Bartch, 1899-1901

James B. McKean, 1870-1874 James A. Miner, 1901-1903

David P. Lowe, 1874-1875 Robert N. Baskin, 1903

The names of the Associate Justices from the beginning,
in the order of their appointment or election, are as follows:

John Taylor, H. K. Whitney, Perry C. Brocchus, Zerubbabel Snow,
Leonidas Shaver, George P. Stiles, W. W. Drummond, E. D. Potter, Charles
E. Sinclair, John Cradlebaugh, Charles B. Waite, Thomas J. Drake, Enos D.
Hoge, Solomon P. McCurdy, Cyrus M. Hawley, O. F. Strickland, Jacob S.
Boreman, Charles S. Emerson, Stephen P. Twiss, Henry P. Henderson, Or-
lando W. Powers, Thomas J. Anderson, John W. Blackburn, John W. Judd,
George W. Bartch, William H. King, H. W. Smith, Henry H. Rolapp, James
A. Miner, Robert N. Baskin, William M. McCarty.

(The present Supreme Court members having been pre-
sented in the foregoing lists and in company with the other

148 UTAH AS IT IS.

State officers, the District or nisi prius Judges and District
Attorneys are here given a place by themselves.)
The judicial districts and officers are as follows:

First district — Cache, Box Elder and Rich Counties. Charles H. Hart,
Judge; Frank K. Nebeker, Attorney.

Second district — Weber, Morgan and Davis Counties. Henry H. Ro-
lapp, Judge; A. B. Hayes, Attorney.

Third district — Summit, Salt Lake and Tooele Counties. William C.
Hall, Charles W. Morse and Samuel W. Stewart, Judges; Dennis C. Eichnor,
Attorney.

Fourth district — Utah, Wasatch and Uintah Counties. John E. Booth,
Judge; A. C. Hatch, Attorney.

Fifth district — Juab, Millard, Iron, Beaver and Washington Counties.
Thomas Marioneux, Judge; Joshua Greenwood, Attorney.

Sixth district — Sevier, Piute, Wayne, Garfield and Kane Counties. John
F. Chidester, Judge; Jos. H. Ericksen, Attorney.

Seventh district — Sanpete, Carbon, Grand, Emery and San Juan Coun-
ties. Jacob Johnson, Judge; W. D. Livingston, Attorney.

The elections for these occur at the same time as the
Presidential elections, the term being four years. All vacan-
cies occurring during a term are filled by appointment of the
Governor, the appointee holding office till the next general
election and his successor qualifies. Each District Court has
a stenographer appointed by the Judge thereof. At least
four terms of court per annum must be held at the county
seat of each county. District Judges must be at least twenty-
five years old and "learned in the law." The number of
Judges and the boundaries of districts may be changed by
law, but no district can have more than three Judges. Sal-
ary, $4,000 a year. (The Supreme Judges receive $5,000
a year.)

Former Judges were — Ervin A. Wilson, Fourth district,
who held the office but a short time and resigned on account
of ill health. He was succeeded by Warren N. Dusenberry,
who remained in office until April, 1898, when he resigned
and was succeeded by Judge Booth. E. V. Higgins served
in the Fifth district from the beginning up to January, i,
1901, when he was succeeded by Judge Marioneux. W. M.

GROW1H OF POLITICS. 149

McCarty served in the Sixth district from the beginning up
to January i, 1903, when he took the seat on the Supreme
bench to which he had been chosen in the preceding general
election. He was succeeded by J. F. Chidester, formerly
Attorney of that district.

The law creating the District Attorneyships was passed
in 1899, and four appointments were made, pursuant to the
statute, to fill the places till the general election the following
year. These were — Fourth district, A. C. Hatch; Fifth dis-
trict, Thomas Marioneux; Sixth district, John F. Chidester;
Seventh district, F. E. Wood.

THE ROBERTS CASE.

IN THE general election of 1898, as shown in a previous
chapter, Brigham Henry Roberts was the Democratic nomi-
nee for Representative to Congress; Alma Eldredge repre-
sented the Republicans and Warren Foster the Populists.
An animated campaign resulted, made somewhat more so by
the. charges of polygamous relations openly and persistently
made against Mr. Roberts. He opened his canvass in Provo
about the middle of October, the meeting being held in the
Opera House, which was thronged, the expectation that he
would either affirm or deny the correctness of the charges
being of itself a drawing card. The audience was disap-
pointed in this; although his address, which was quite lengthy,
was a most able and eloquent one, showing great research
and careful consideration of the subjects dealt with, his family
affairs were not even hinted at. The principal, practically
the only feature of the speech was the silver question, the
speaker planting himself squarely upon the bi-metallic side of
the controversy and presaging a campaign upon that issue.
But the ignoring of the polygamy charges by him was by no
means getting rid of them, but exactly the reverse, his oppo-
nents, notably the Tribune, pelting him with all manner of

150

UTAH AS IT IS.

verbal missiles, even going into uncalled-for personalities to
make his alleged transgressions as conspicuous and odious as
possible. Nevertheless he was chosen by a large majority
and of course a much larger plurality. The Republican can-
didate yielded gracefully, but not so the Populist; having re-
ceived as many as 2,000 and odd votes against over 35,000
for Mr. Roberts and nearly 30,000 for Mr. Eldredge, he de-
cided to make a contest! It came to nothing, however, unless
it was to keep the situation a little more prominently before

the Nation than might
otherwise have been the
case. The fight that
was made upon Mr.
Roberts was more dis-
cordant than system-
atic. It was not made
by Republicans alone
but the Tray, Blanche
and Sweetheart of every
shade of opinion (apart
from his own) joined
in. "The purity of the
home," "the sanctity
of the fireside," and oth-
er stock catch-phrases
which had done duty

in many anti-Mormon campaigns, were brought out anew
and worked to a frazzle. , A long and tedious investiga-
tion by a committee of the House of Representatives
took place, the upshot of which was the vacating of the
seat. Mr. Roberts then returned to Utah and resumed his
customary duties without displaying his bruises — if he had
any — or in any manner airing his grievances, if he had any to
air. He is concededly a most able man and would undoubt-
edly have made an exceptional Representative.

A special election to fill the vacancy in Congress was

B. H. ROBERTS.

GROWTH OF POLITICS.

151

held in the April following. James T. Hammond, the Re-
publican candidate, was defeated by William H. King by a
substantial majority.

THE LATEST SENATOR.

THE Senatorial contest previously spoken of, which was
the fifth and resulted in the election of Reed Smoot, created

wide-spread in-
terest and
threatened for
a while to pro-
duce a turmoil
equal to that oc-
casioned by the
Roberts case,
but at this writ-
ing but little
has come of it,
although the
new Senator
was charged
with polygamy
and various
other things.
At the extra
session of the
Senate, on the
fifth of March,
1903, he was
sworn in with-
out opposition
and proceeded

iwth the performance of his duties as though nothing unusual
had happened. . A fine portrait is here given and a personal
sketch of the new Senator appears elsewhere.

REED SMOOT.

THE PRESS.

THE FIRST PAPER IN 1850— THE GREAT
ARRAY NOW.

WHEN the reader is confronted with the statement that
Utah leads the world in the matter of newspapers,
he may be disposed to incredulity for a while; but if he will
take the pains to follow this chapter to its finish, then com-
pare the number of publications with the population, the state-
ment will be found well within the facts. If any town with
not less than 1,000 inhabitants is without its local paper, there
can be found as an offset another town with not exceeding
2,000 people that has two papers. And the support given
them is, on the average, fully up to that of the generality of
publications of the same class anywhere.

The pioneer paper of Utah is the Deseret News, the first
number of which was published in June, 1850. Among
other effects brought across the plains by the exiles of '47
were a Ramage hand press a little larger than a clothes
wringer and a complement of type and printer's fixtures which
would now be looked upon as very primitive indeed. Still,
they answered the purpose very well and certainly amounted
to more than could have been expected at such a time and
under such circumstances. The paper was naturally a min-
iature affair, eight pages of three columns each, equal to
about a five column folio of the present day. The editor was
Willard Richards, one of the Church Presidency, and while
his collation of journalistic matter was by no means ponder-
ous or profound it was doubtless satisfactory for the time and
no doubt has been the means of dispelling some of the gloom
which hard times, scanty subsistence and remoteness from the
world produced. Mr. Richards must have been in possession

THE PRESS. 153

of a degree of temerity which could hardly be found among
the fraternity today, for in that first number he not only sig-
nified a willingness to publish homespun poetry, but actually
invited his readers to send it along! He died in 1854 anc*
was succeeded in the editorial chair by Albert Carrington;
then came Elias Smith in 1859, w^° ne^ down the job in
a very acceptable manner till 1863, when Albert Carrington
returned to the bat for a long inning. Afterwards George
Q. Cannon, David O. Calder, Charles W. Penrose, John Q.
Cannon and Mr. Penrose again had a hand at the bellows.
During the greater part of Mr. Penrose's first term he had as
associate editor John Nicholson, who, by reason of the for-
mer's absence (for causes which kept a good many good men
away from home at that time), was practically editor in chief
and . won no little distinction for his stalwart and uncompro-
mising attitude on matters affecting his Church and his peo-
pie. '

In January, 1854, t^ie -News changed from a semi-monthly
to a weekly.

The present force is: Charles W. Penrose, editor in
chief; J. M. Sjodahl, associate editor; Horace G. Whitney,
business manager and dramatic editor; John A. Evans, cash-
ier; John E. Hansen, city editor; Alfales Young, telegraph
editor; Alex. Buchanan, assistant city editor; George E. Car-
penter, railroad reporter; Edwin C. Penrose, sporting editor;
Joseph Hyrum Parry, agricultural editor; Josephine Spencer,
literary and society editor; R. J. Jessup, commercial reporter;
Harry S. Harper, court reporter; L. H. Beason, mining re-
porter; Prof. W. S. Webster, educational reporter; Prof. John
Z. Brown, educational reporter; Eugene B. Lewis, general
reporter; R. K. Casper, general reporter; Alex. McMaster,
proof reader.

During those early days the News occupied a position
somewhat similar to that of a well-to-do country paper of
today in one of the outside towns. The editor, having a
dictionary and some other books containing information,

154

UTAH AS IT IS.

getting papers from all around, and in addition being pre-
sumed, like the Supreme Court, to "know something," was a
kind of factotum for the community. Publishing but once a
week, and the whole sheet containing about as much matter
as the modern paper puts into two or three columns, he was
appealed to continually between times for enlightenment
upon every conceivable subject. Such incidents as this were
by no means uncommon :

Visitor (clad in homespun, coatless and unshaven) enters

DESERET NEWS OFFICE, 1850.

and says — "Say, Judge, I got into a dispute with Hy Jenkins,
and want you to settle it."

Editor— "All right. Spit it out."

Visitor — "Who was it that shrieked when Kosciusko
fell?"

Editor — "Why, 'freedom,' of course."

Visitor — "Confound it, I've lost again! I bet it was Marco
Bozarris!"

The News used to receive in payment everything] from
setting hens to brindle steers, and from non-negotiable prom-
ises to the coin of the realm — the latter being less frequent

1BE PRESS.

155

than any other item in the entire category. If an employe
wanted to buy a lot or build a house, he could generally find
a landowner or some workmen who either owed the office
or were willing to take chances on it, and it did not matter
whether the employe's account showed a credit or a debit

DESERET NEWS BUILDING, 1903.

condition; if he could get things he wanted or have things
done "on the office," it went at that. A brotherly feeling
prevailed, somewhat resembling a practical application of
Socialism, and being behind in the world's affairs was not
considered a sufficient reason why a family should be home-
less or unfed; and when a big consignment of butter, eggs,

156 UTAH AS IT IS.

flour or what not arrived from the country — quite a common
occurrence — they were divided around in proportion to the
size of one's family, the one with "something coming to him"
(very few of these) faring no better than the one in debt
up to his eyes; the editor, printer and devil were, for the pur-
poses of distribution, on a dead level. The number of hands
was not regulated by the amount of work to be done; all
applicants, if capable, were received, and each took his
chance. Every year the printers gave a ball in the Social
Hall, attended generally by numerous people in high stand-
ing outside the craft; the dancing v. ould begin not later than
7 p.m. and continue without intermission, except half an hour
at midnight for refreshments, until from 2 to 4 a.m. Talk
about enjoyment! It was absolutely unconfined on those
occasions. And of all that happy, fraternal aggregation of
some eighteen persons, all but about five have passed over the
divide and joined the immense caravan in the land of shades.
Joseph Bull, once foreman of the office; W. M. Cowley, com-
positor; D. J. Mackintosh, O. F. Lyons and the writer of these
lines, apprentices, stiil await the call to "move along and
make room."

The evolution of the printing office in Utah is well illus-
trated in the accompanying picture of the Deseret News
establishment and showing what it grew out of. At first
a little shack, which still stands and was almost as easy to
get on top of as into; now a great six story of brown stone
and iron, with all the modern appliances; beside this, there
is an immense annex, which was commenced as the building
proper was nearing completion, to which is attached the dis-
tinction of being the first eight story building in this part of
the country. It is all very wonderful, but, like other won.
ders, has already become so familiar that it is looked upon as
the merest matter of course.

The next journalistic venture to be "flung to the breeze"
was the Valley Tan, a rabid anti-Mormon weekly. Its first
issue was on November 53 1858, and being unable to exude

THE PRESS.

157

its virus as fast as the same was generated, it passed away
through congestion of the spleen in less than two years,
"unhonored, unwept and unsung." Its editor was Kirk
Anderson, and he had the reputation of being the homeliest

EDITORS OF UTAH, PAST AND PRESENT.
(The first six of the group have pa*se«l away; the others are very much alive.)

158

UTAH AS IT IS.

man in the Territory. (The writer was not here then, and
was only a "kid" anyway). Where Kirk got the name of his
paper from is not disclosed. Some time before he opened
his batteries on the suffering Saints a distillery in the neigh-
borhood had got into the secret of producing a new variety of
the waters of Lethe to which the name of "Valley Tan" was

attached ; but whether the christen-
ing occurred before or after the
paper's advent, is another sealed-
up secret, so which was named
for the other is a conjecture.
They were, however, properly
endowed for a name in common,
both being long-range paralyzers.
After a draught of 'Valley Tan
(the fluid, not the paper), a com-
plete metamorphosis resulted; the
victim immediately became some-
body else, usually a man of some
distinction in military or political
circles; and after two or three
"snorts," he would as likely
as not place himself at the head
of an imaginary procession for hours at a time, his breath
being a cloud of smoke by day and his nose a pillar of
fire by night. I once saw a fellow under the "influence;" he
was standing on a pile of lumber at a street corner energetic-
ally flourishing a cane, and among other vehement ejacula-
lations was the following: "Attention, the whole world!
By nations, on your right wheel, march!" \nother man
was reported on; he had taken but one or two small doses,
but became so disconcerted that he went home and actually
made love to his own wife! This, however, may be exag-
geration; such things always grow with usage. (The reader
will be good enough to pardon this little digression).

The Mountaineer, a good-sized, well-appearing folio,

"ATTENTION, THE WHOLE
WORLD!"

THE PRESS. 159

ably conducted by James Ferguson and Seth M. Blair, com-
menced publication here on August 27, 1859, but succumbed
to the inevitable two or three years later.

The Vidette was started on November 20, 1863, by mem-
bers of General Connor's command, it being the first daily in
this part of the world. It moved down to the city injanuary
following, and soon thereafter found its way to the journal-
istic cemetery that Salt Lake has proved itself to be.

On July 5, 1864, the first number of \htDaily Telegraph
made its appearance in Salt Lake City, and was at once
received with marked favor, the war news having become of
such absorbing interest that something more than a weekly
was demanded. T. B. H. Stenhouse was editor, and he showed
himself to be an enterprising, sagacious, wide-awake hand at
the business, although his previous experience in journalism
had been chiefly if not entirely as a correspondent. He. had as
assistants John Jaques and James McKnight, two men who
in that day were considered quite capable. T, G. Webber,
subsequently superintendent of the great Z. C. M. I. establish-
ment for several years, was Mr. Stenhouse's business man-
ager, and a most thorough one he was. The Telegraph had
a good, long run under prosperous circumstances for a while,
but the receding of the boom which had been precipitated by
the Pacific Railway's completion left business affairs so flat
that the paper, after fluctuating more or less, finally winked
out altogether. Mr. Stenhouse died in March, 1882, at San
Francisco.

Papers have come and gone in such great number since
then that to enumerate them would be a very exacting task,
and not sufficiently interesting to justify the trouble. Only
those at present in existence will now be dealt with, and they
will occupy all the available space.

THE DAILIES OF TODAY.

During the latter part of May, 1870, Edward L. Sloan,
William C. Dunbar and S. A. Kenner began a canvass for

160 UTAH AS IT IS.

patronage looking to the publication of a new daily here, the
News at that time having the field all to itself. The fates were
propitious and on the 5th of the following month the advent
occurred with the name of the Daily Herald. The first named
was editor, the second business manager and the third went into
the mechanical department, preferring goodly "strings" ($30
to $40 a week) to speculation. After a few issues the force at
headquarters was augmented by John T. Caine, who took the
billet of general assistant. The paper at first was a six col-
umn folio, but was soon enlarged .to seven, then to eight col-
umns, and once got up to nine columns, but this proved a lit-
tle premature and was soon abandoned, but not for good, the
sheet having expanded and improved with the times and be-
ing now and for some years past a strictly metropolitan pro-
duction. The great Franco-Prussian war, breaking out soon
after the publication began and its shadows having overspread
Europe even at the beginning, helped things along wonder-
fully, and the paper received aid in various ways. During its
career it has had as editors, at different times, after Mr. Sloan's
death (August 2, 1874), E- N- Fuller, Byron Groo, C. W.
Penrose, B. H. Roberts and others more or less known to the
community, but the founder himself gave the Herald its status
and impetus, his aggressiveness, virility and knowledge of the
business giving him and it a wide reputation from the start.
Mr. Groo also worked up to an enviable position in the jour-
nalistic field, his untiring labors and comprehensive grasp of
public affairs redounding to the paper's welfare through a
long incumbency. Good words might properly be said of all
who have for periods or temporarily been at the Herald*^
helm during the thirty-three years of its existence.

The Mormon Jribune (weekly) was begun at the begin-
ning of the year 1870, by seceders from the Church. On
April 15, 1871, other interests and influences being in control,
it was made a daily, "Mormon" was dropped from the title
as well as from friendly consideration, and as a more or less
pronounced opponent of the dominant Church it has contin-

THE PRESS. 161

ued till the present time, albeit under the present management
the opposition is more incidental than persistent.

The Ogden Standard is a successor of the Herald of
that city, and it of the Junction, which was established Janu-
ary i, 1870. It is a paper of metropolitan tendencies and had
its beginning at the hands of that youthful Nestor of Utah
journalism, Hon. Frank J. Cannon, The present and for some
time editor and proprietor is William Glasmann, an extended
sketch of whom appears elsewhere.

The Enquirer, of Provo, was first issued on September
5, 1877, by its present editor, John C. Graham, and has con-
tinued uninterruptedly up to the present day, A portion of
the time it was under the control of James Clove. More re-
garding it appears elsewhere in these pages.

The Telegram i Salt Lake, was commenced in 1902. It
is an evening publication, independent and secular. D. .Elliott
Kelley is editor, and Wm. Butler manager. It is a six-column,
lo-page paper, sometimes larger.

The Reporter, a hotel and commercial publication, was
commenced November 21, 1890, and has been issued unin-
terruptedly up to the present time. Editor and manager, Jay
T. Harris.

THE LIST COMPLETE.

Following is a complete list, with descriptive mention, of
the papers published in Utah, alphabetically arranged:*

Advocate {Eastern Utah), Price. A well-appearing
weekly, 5-column quarto, issued by the Price Publishing
Co., at $1.50 a year.

American Eagle, Murray. An 8-page weekly, 18x24
inches, published by Martin A. Willumson. It is independent

*Where the county or other division of the State is part of the name, it
follows the title in the same type and in parenthesis; where the locality is
not geographical,, as "Dixie" or "Tintic," it is used as the paper uses it.
The name of the city or town in every case follows the other in Roman tpye.
Circulation figures are published as given by the editor or manager.

162 UTAH AS IT IS.

in politics and religion, has a circulation of 3000 and is $1.50
a year.

Banner, Lehi. Established May 29, 1891. Weekly, inde-
pendent in politics, neutral in religion and enjoys a circulation
of 800 at $1.50 a year. George Webb, editor and manager.

Beobachter, Salt Lake; 8-page weekly in the German
language, advocating Mormonism. Conducted by J. H. Ward,
who founded it in 1890. The-only paper of the kind in this
part of the world. It has a good circulation and is $2 a year.

Bikuben, Salt Lake. A 4-column, 8-page weekly, in the
Danish language. Andrew Jenson and Charles V. Anderson,
editors and managers. Established in 1875. Circulation
1700, at $1.50 a year.

Bulletin, Bingham. A 6-column quarto, weekly, inde-
pendent, devoted to mining and general interests. It has a cir-
culation of 450 and is $2.50 a year. J. B. Graham, editor and
manager.

Character Builder, Salt Lake. Prof. J. F. Miller, editor,
W. F. Funk, manager. Its policy is indicated by its title, and
it has a large circulation.

Chronicle, West Jordan. Recently commenced publica-
tion; is a 6-column quarto, at $2 a year. J. A. Borlase,
editor.

Clipper (Davis County), Bountiful. Published on
Fridays by John Stahl, Jr. Is a 6-column folio, is not ad-
dicted to religious or political advocacy, and is $1.25 a year
with a circulation of 600.

Clipper, Kanab. Established in December, 1898. It is
published every Thursday and is independent in policy. W.
T. Dobson is editor. Price $1.50 a year.

Democrat ( Utah County}, Provo. A 4-page paper, 22x31,
issued semi-weekly by Wells R. McBride. It is Democratic
in politics but independent otherwise and devoted to the gen-
eral interests of Utah county; $2 a year.

Deseret News, Salt Lake. Evening and semi-weekly.
First number issued in 1850, a weekly and weakly proposi-

THE PRESS.

163

tion then, but a metropolitan affair now, with a large circula-
tion. Daily, $9 a year, semi-weekly $2. C. W. Penrose,
editor; H. G. Whitney, manager.

Dixie Advocate, St. George. Established Sep. 6, 1901.
Published weekly at $1.^0 a year. It is independent with an
inclination to the Mormon side of any controversy. Circula-
tion, 500 and growing. Chas. S. Williamson, editor.

Enquirer, Provo/ Daily and semi-weekly. Eight pages,

13x20. Is Republican and Mormon and has a circulation of

1050 daily, and 2800 semi-weekly. John C. Graham, editor.

Enterprise, Ephraim. A 4-column, 4-page weekly, issued

on Thursdays. Local and independent, $i a year.

Express, Vernal. Established January i, 1901; is a
6-column folio and is published weekly by Dan H. Hillman.
It is the only paper in Uintah county, has a circulation of 700
and is $1.50 a year. Independent.

Free Lance, Marysvale. This is one of the most spright-
ly of the country papers. It is not great in size, but what

there is of it counts. It
is published weekly and
its utterances fully bear
out its name. Josiah F.
Gibbs, a man of consider-
able experience — who, by
the bye, has the honor of
having been born in the
historic city of Nauvoo,
the event occurring in
1845 — is editor and pro-
prietor. In addition to
his journalistic record he
is a thorough geologist
and a practical mining
man, qualities which are

j. F; GIBBS.
and of benefit to the paper.

of great advantage to him
He is one of the most indus-

164 UTAH AS IT IS.

trious, capable, far-seeing men in the business and an all-
round good fellow, meriting the success he is receiving.

Free Press (Sanpete), Manti.. A 4-column, 8-page
weekly, successor to the Democrat. L. A. Lauber, pub-
lisher. $i a year.

Gazette, Gunnison. A weekly paper, six pages of six
columns each. Gledhill & Son, publishers. $2 a year.

Globe- Header, Pay son. Same general description as the
foregoing. In its I4th volume.

Good-win's Weekly, Salt Lake; established May 17, 1902.
This is an ably conducted publication, as would naturally be
expected of one having the veteran C. C. Goodwin as editor,
and his wide-awake and capable son, J. T., or "Tod" as he is
familiarly called, as business manager and general assistant.
Judge Goodwin had a wide reputation as a journalist before
coming to Utah some twenty years ago. Here he found a
new and peculiar field, and through the columns of the Trib-
une for all of that period except some three years last past,
he blazed and blistered, praised and preached, as occasion sug-
gested, making the paper admired by some, condemned by
many and read by a host, but under all circumstances add-
ing to its circulation and prestige, as well as his own repu-
tation. The Judge can tolerate nothing that does not con-
form to his standard of citizenship, which excludes all hypoth-
eses and conditions but those of unresisting obedience to ex-
isting laws, and all defenses presented in cases of violation
thereof are meretricious or evasive, as he manifestly views it.
Still, he is one of the best-natured of men, is generous in his
disposition and has a wide circle of friends. The Weekly is
$2 a year and is independent Republican in politics.

Grand Valley Times, Moab. Established in 1896. Editor
and manager, J. N. Corbin. Published weekly at $2 a year.
It is independent and is the only paper in southwestern Utah.

Great Campaign, Salt Lake. Issued during political
campaigns as often as occasion requires and circumstances
warrant. Neat, natty and nice, saying things in a way that

THE PRESS. 165

no other paper does or wants to. The only exclusively politi-
cal publication in the State. Price, 25 cents per series and as
much more as can be got. It originated the plan of present-
ing portraits and sketches of candidates for office, in 1895,
and made a good thing of it, the business for some ten weeks
amounting to fully $3,000, all but about $200 of which was
cashed in. Others took up the scheme and now the woods
are full of them, making the grass correspondingly short.
S. A. Kenner is editor, proprietor, manager, director, pub-
lisher, supervisor, architect and all the rest of it.

Herald, Salt Lake City. Published every day in the
year. Price $10 per annum, 85 cents a month. Circulation
(for December, 1902) daily 8625, Sunday 11,995. Inde-
pendent Democratic. William Iglehart, editor and manager.

Improvement Era, Salt Lake. Organ of the Young
Men's Mutual Improvement Association. A monthly maga-
zine devoted to the moral advancement of the people gener-
ally and being contributed to by many of the prominent
writers of the State. It wields an influence for good which
grows with its own growth and is altogether worthy of the
great support it is receiving. Joseph F. Smith is editor with
Edward H. Anderson assistant; Heber J. Grant, business
manager and Thomas Hull assistant. It is $2 a year but
goes free to all missionaries.

Independent, Springville. A weekly, 8-column folio. D.
C.Johnson, editor, A. Gus Johnson, manager. Independent
in politics, neutral in religion. Established in 1891. Circu-
lation 450, price $1.25 a year.

Industrial Labor Journal, Salt Lake. A 4-column quarto
weekly devoted to Socialism and labor interests, conducted
by Mangum & King. It was begun September 27, 1902,
and is $i a year.

Industrial Utah, Ogden. Devoted to agriculture. Pub-
lished semi-monthly by B. F. Thomas at 50 cents a year.
Now in its fourth volume.

Intermountain Catholic, Salt Lake. An 8-page, 7-column

166 UTAH AS IT IS. ,

weekly. Catholic in religion, independent otherwise. It has
a circulation of 4200 at $2 a year. It was established in 1899.
D. S. Kendall, editor.

Intermountain Farmer, Salt Lake. A i6-page weekly,
established in 1901. J. A. Wright, editor and manager.
Circulation 3900; $i a year.

Intermountain News, Corinne. Established in 1898. It
is a 7-column, independent weekly, edited by A. A. Johnson,
and is $1.50 a year. It is the only paper published under the
great Bear River canal system.

Journal, Logan. Established in 1880. An 8-page, tri-
weekly paper, Democratic in politics. It has 3. circulation of
2850 and is $3 a year. A. Gordon is editor, C. England,
manager.

Juvenile Instrtictor, Salt Lake. A semi-monthly maga-
zine whose policy is partly but not wholly indicated by its
title. It was founded 38 years ago by the late President
Geo. Q. Cannon and conducted by himself and sons until
December, 1900, when it was purchased by the Sunday
School Union of the Mormon Church, which issued the first
number of 1901 and has been in control ever since. As above
suggested, it does not address itself wholly to the young, but
contains valuable matter for all ages and conditions in life.
Jos. F. Smith, editor, with George Reynolds and J. M. Tan-
ner assistants; George D. Pyper is business manager. Price
$2 a year.

Korresfondenten {Utah}, Salt Lake. Four pages, 15 ^x
22, published weekly by Otto Rydman. It is in the Swedish
language, is Republican in politics and "independent Mor-
mon" otherwise. It enjoys a circulation of 1465 and is $i a
year.

Messenger, Manti. A 6-column, 8-page weekly, estab-
lished ten years ago. Republican in politics. Christian Axel-
son is publisher and the price is $i a year.

Miner, Mercur. Established in 1895. Is a 5-column
quarto, conducted by J. T. Jakeman, who also issues the

THE PRESS. 167

Stockton Sentinel, both weekly, the former independent, the
latter Republican. The rates are $2.50 a year in each case.

Mirror, Morgan. A 6-column, 6-page weekly, now in
its eighth volume. Orson W. Covington is publisher and it
is $i a year.

Mutual Improvement Messenger, Salt Lake. A 6x9
monthly publication, established in 1897. D. R. Lyon editor
and manager. Being circulated gratuitously it naturally has
a long publication list.

Nation, Logan. An 8-page, 6-column paper, issued
semi-weekly by E. T. Hyde. It is independent politically
and religiously, has a circulation of 1200 and is $2 a year.

News (Box Elder), Brigham City. Established in 1895.
It is an 8-page paper, 18x24, and is issued every Thursday.
Independent in policy with a circulation of 950, at $1.25 a
year. Hyrum Standing and S. C. Wixom are proprietors,
the former editor.

Oracle, Stateline. A 5-column, 8-page weekly in its
first volume. Stevenson and Overholt, proprietors; Miles
Overholt, editor and manager; $2 a year.

Plaindealer (Utah), Salt Lake. Conducted by W. W.
Taylor, who established it in 1895. It is published weekly
at $2 a year and is Republican in politics.

Press, Spanish Fork. Established January, 1902. A
weekly paper without political or religious inclining, at $1.50
a year. Andrew Jensen, editor.

Progress, Panguitch. Established in 1898, weekly, Re-
publican and Mormon, and $1.50 a year. E. S. Worthen,
editor and manager.

Pyramid, Mt. Pleasant. A semi-weekly, 6-column quar-
to, independent in policy. Started in 1889. J. M. Boyden
is editor and the price is $2 a year.

Reaper, Richfield. This paper was established in 1887
as the Advocate. It is 30x34 in size, weekly, independent
and has a circulation of 1025. A. B. Williams, editor; $1.50
a year.

168

UTAH AS IT IS.

Record (Iron County), Cedar City. Established December
8, 1893. A 6-column, 4-page weekly, independent and de-
voted to the building up of the county. Joseph T. Wilker-
son, Jr., editor. It circulates about 500 copies and is $i a
year.

Record, Mammoth. Established in 1896. Is Repub-
lican in politics, a 6-column quarto, devoted to the mining and
local interests, at $2 a year. I. E. Diehl, editor and manager.
Record, Nephi. Established June, 1897. J. T. Pyles,
editor and manager. It is published weekly, is a 5-column
quarto, has 780 circulation and is $i a year.

Record, Park City. This paper is a weekly of excel-
lent appearance and
showing consider-
able journalistic abil-
ity in its columns. It
has the honor of be-
ing the oldest of the
mining papers of
Utah, having been
established in 1880.
Raddon & Raddon
are the publishers
and proprietors. It
is Republican in pol-
itics and devoted

5. T R ADDON W« A* RADDON»

chiefly to the mining

interests of the Park particularly and the State generally. It
is $2 a year.

Report (Box Elder*), Brigham City. Christenson &
Christenson, editors and managers. An 8-page, 7-column
weekly, issued on Saturdays to the extent of over 1000. It
is devoted to the best interests of the country, is Republican
in politics and $1.25 a year.

Reporter, Eureka. Established in 1891. A 6-column,
8-page weekly of 1000 circulation, issued on Fridays and

THE PRESS.

169

Republican in politics. It is edited and managed by C. E.
Huish at $2.50 a year.

Republican, Logan. A 6-column, 8-page paper, neatly
printed and well conducted, in its first volume. It is semi-
weekly and $2 a year, by Moore & Turner. The official
Republican organ of Cache county.

Sentinel, Stockton. (See Mercur Miner) .
Standard, Ogden. Daily and weekly. Its general poli-
tical policy is independent Republican. William Glasmann,
editor and manager; $9 a year. Also the weekly Sun is pub-
lished in the same office.

State Journal, Ogden. Published weekly by E. A.
Littlefield, one of the oldest and most experienced journalists

in the State, having a record of news-
papers issued under his hand and
seal, in various parts of the United
States, greater than any other man
in the State, or perhaps anywhere
else in the country. He was always
a Republican until late years, when
he became a Silverite and latterly a
Democrat of independent proclivi-
ties, his papers, of course, taking
their hue from his own inclining.
He is a bold and vigorous writer, a
deep thinker and a courageous, pro-
gressive citizen. The Journal was
commenced August 31, i8&6.

Sun, Ogden. (See foregoing.)

Sun, Salina. Established in 1901 by Arthur E. Howard,
a journalist of experience and such ability that some people
say he hides his light under a bushel or whatever other
measure is handy. He (the gender is proper as to either per-
son or paper) appears weekly and is always a welcome visi-
tor. The circulation is considerable, if not more, and it costs
$2 a- year. The Sun is really one of the best conducted

E. A. LITTLEFIELD.

170 UTAH AS IT IS.

country papers in the State, always well printed and invari-
ably containing original, interesting, readable matter in abun-
dance.

Times, Coalville. C. R. Jones, editor and manager. Be-
gan February 16, 1884. Is devoted to agriculture and gener-
al news, and is issued every Friday, at $1.50 a year. Has a
good circulation in Summit county and neighboring territory,

Times, Milford. A bright and enterprising weekly, the
only one at present in Beaver county, to the interests of
which, especially in a mining way, the paper is devoted. It is
a 6-column, 8-page paper with a circulation of 600, is Repub-
lican in politics and $2 a year. C. T. Harte, editor and
manager.

Tintic Miner, Eureka. Established in 1889. "Demo-
cratic in politics and religion," with circulation ';not what it
should be." Weekly, at $2.50 a year. C. F. Spilman, editor
and manager.

Transcri-pt, Tooele. Issued every Friday by James
Dunn. It is six pages 17x22, was established in 1894, is non-
partisan and $1.50 a year.

Tribune^ Salt Lake. Daily and Sunday. Perry S. Heath,
editor and manager. It has from 10 to 36 pages of seven
columns each, is Republican and non-sectarian. Its circula-
tion is — daily 6,874, Sunday 14,000, at $i a month.

Tri-City Oracle, Salt Lake. Established September i,
1902. Is an 8-page weekly, Republican in politics and Bap-
tist in religion, also the organ of the Rocky Mountain Employ-
ment Bureau. It circulates 1000 and is $2 a year. Rev. J.
W. Washington, editor and manager.

Truth, Salt Lake. Established September 14, 1901.
John R. Hughes, editor and manager. It is a i6-page week-
ly, independent in all respects, but by no means neutral in
any. It has a circulation of 2,560 and is $2 a year.

Utah Fasten (The Utah Post), Salt Lake. A 6-column,
8-page weekly in the Swedish language. L. Dahlquist, mana-
ger. Has a good subscription list at $1.50 a year.

THE PRESS. 171

Wave ( Wasatch), Heber City. Established March 23,
1889, by the present editor, William Buys. It is published
every Friday, is independent with Democratic leanings, has a
circulation of 900 and is $1.50 a year. It is a good-sized,
neatly printed paper, the only one in that county, and the
editor is "onto his job."

Woman's Exponent, Salt Lake. Established in 1870. Is
an 8-page, semi-monthly publication devoted to woman's suf-
frage, the advancement of women generally, and the Mormon
religion. It is the organ of the Relief Society of the Church.
It is edited by that widely-known and thoroughly capable
woman Mrs. Emmeline B. Wells, and is $i a year.

Young Woman'' s Journal, Salt Lake . A monthly maga-
zine devoted to the education and advancement of the young
women and upholding the faith of the Mormon Church. It
has a large circulation, placed at 10,000, and is $i a year.
Annie M. Cannon is editor and Estelle Neff, manager.

(The Park City Miner should have appeared in the pro-
per place above, but information regarding it was not received
in time. It is a weekly and is ably conducted by N. B.
Dresser. The same may be said of the Salt Lake Mining
Review, a magazine of 48 pages, well patronized and con-
ducted by W. C. Higgins and W. H. Korns).

In addition to the forgoing there are several publications
which, not having general circulation, are not enumerated.
Among these are the University Chronicle and Blue and
Gold, of this city; White and Blue, of Provo; the Eagle,
issued by the Deaf and Dumb Institution of Ogden. All of
these are conducted with signal ability and are read with
interest in their respective educational circles. Besides, there
are occasional trade journals which are not named at all, and
entr'actes for circulation in the theatres. The grand total is
about 72.

THE DRAMA.

BEGINNING, PROGRESS AND PRESENT
STATUS OF THEATRICALS.

• FOLLOWING closely upon the establishment of th
JL press in Utah, if not indeed slightly ahead of it, came the
stage. The community's leader was in this, as in all other
things tending to advance, instruct and amuse the people, one
of the first if not the first to extend encouragement and as-
sistance. In the fall and winter of 1849 anc^ I^5o (the date
cannot be given accurately) a company of amateurs, in
which Mr. H. P. Richards, of Salt Lake City, figured con-
spicuously, was organized; there were in the company Ensign
Rich, Edgar Blodgett, Robert Campbell, William Hyde and
others. And here, where less than three years previously
only desolation prevailed, a theatrical representation took
place. The first piece was the "Triumph of Innocence," and
while the title would not be a taking one just now, it was
about as appropriate as any that could have been selected
then. The "temple" of the drama was similar to what we
are told were the first temples of the Lord — the groves; at
least, it was a bov. ery, which was used also for religious
services and situated on the Temple block, near where the
massive, unique Tabernacle now stands. There was probably
no box office, no foyer with mirrors, no ushers in uniform or
otherwise and probably no cushioned seats. The orchestra
is represented as having been very fair, but the scenery was
probably such as required the imagination to put in some ex-

THE DRAMA.

173

tra stunts and the costumes may have resembled Joseph's coat
in some respects if not in all. Probably the acting was not
such as would pass muster in these exacting times, but I
warrant it gave quite as much satisfaction as most of those
we are confronted with now-a-days. Another company,
somewhat more pretentious, was launched soon after this,
containing as a leading light the subsequently local celebrity
Philip Margetts. "Robert Macaire" and several other pieces
were presented, the drama gained a firm footing and a place

of some consequence be-
came a necessity which
was not long in being
brought into existence un-
der the name of the Social
Hall. It still stands, but of
late years has fallen some-
what from its pristine es-
tate, having even been, on
one or two occasions, the
scene of political conven-
tions. It is now used for
more reputable purposes.
In it some standard pro-
ductions were rendered
and some excellent talent
developed under vastly
improved conditions.

Numerous amateur clubs were organized at different
times, the most pretentious one being known as the Mechan-
ics' Dramatic Association, which in the large front room of
the residence of H. E. Bowring gave some really meritorious
performances. "No pent-up Utica" controlled their powers; the
stage inside the scenery was probably not more than ten feet
square, but here were rendered such prodigious compositions
as "The Honeymoon," "Othello," "The Gamester," and so
on. Here Mr. Margetts was the reigning star; he played

PHILIP MARGETS.

174 UTAH AS IT IS.

everything from the dusky Moor to "Cousin Joe," and always
gave satisfaction. He was ably assisted by Mr. Bowring,
Mrs. Bowring, Henry McEwan (since deceased) and wife,
and several others. President Young attended these per-
formances quite frequently and here, it is said, receiving a
more forcible impression than previously of what an amount
of dramatic talent existed among his people, he decided on
building the Salt Lake Theatre. To decide on a thing was
to do it, and on July i, 1861. ground was broken on^the spot
where the structure now stands. It was opened for dedicatory
purposes on March 6, 1862, and to the public two evenings
later. The former occasion was made somewhat memorable
not only by reason of the programme and religious observ-
ances but because of being the beginning of a new epoch in
the history of the great West. A structure for dramatic
representations exclusively, which even today ranks with the
finest and most commodious in the land, at a time when
there were not half as many people to support it nor a tenth
part as much money to support it with, and nothing at all ap-
proaching it between the Missouri river and San Francisco !
Yet it returned handsomely on the investment right from the
start, not altogether in money for some years, but in that and
other commodities, all combining to meet expenses, make
improvements and provide the people with needed and
wholesome recreation.

A company composed of what remained of the Social
Hall organization and the Mechanics' club was formed and
for the opening presented the three-act comedy "Pride of
the Market," the "curtain raiser" being the dedicatory
ceremonies. Opening performances and dances with prayer
being customary in those days (we have fallen from grace
since), nothing inappropriate or obtrusive was recognized in
such procedure; but it was undoubtedly the first time in all
the world that a regular play house was dedicated to the
Lord, and this too before anything else was permitted to
take place within its walls. An opening hymn was rendered,

THE DRAMA. 175

the dedicatory prayer by President D. H. Wells followed;
then President Young made a few appropriate remarks and
the ceremonies closed with an anthem composed for the oc-
casion by Eliza R. Snow, the first verse being as follows:

Oh, God, bless Brigham Young !
Bless him and all that bless him !
Waste them away, oh, God, we pray,
Who, rising to oppose him,
Contend with Thee !

Notwithstanding the absence of stage technique and
the somewhat amateurish manner which pervaded the char-
acterizations as a whole, there was some excellent work
done and the company became one of the best stock organ-
izations in the land. In the years following and before the
"stars" brought their support with them, it was frequently
the case that the home talent outshone the other. Here the
mother of one of the most eminent of the present day
actresses — Maude Adams — the parent herself a professional
in high standing, made her first appearance on any stage and
became a prime favorite at once. Here, also, James M.
Hardie bounded into prominence and gave great promise of
becoming the Edwin Forrest of later days, but he has for
. some years been lost to the view. David McKenzie invari-
ably shared the honors with the star, the larger part not in-
frequently falling to him; he retired some time ago, for what
reason is not known. Phil. Margetts, previously presented,
John S. Lindsay, John T. Caine, H. B. Clawson, John C.
Graham and others also showed such marked ability as made
and kept them at the fore, but of all these only the first two
remain in the harness. The first made his mark in comedy
roles but latterly has become noted for his excellent portray-
als of serio-comic old men; the other was a pronounced
"heavy" for several years but of late has played all manner
of tragic and some lighter characters with signal ability.

For a long time the itinerant fraternity were unknown
here. This was because of the long and tedious journey

176 UTAH AS IT IS.

which a trip to Utah involved. Along in the early sixties
the ice was broken by Thomas A. Lyne, an actor of the old
school but possessed of sterling merit in the portrayal of
legitimate roles of the heavier type. He made his first ap-
pearance as "Damon," supported for this occasion by editor
and lawyer James Ferguson as "Pythias" and the strength of
the company. It was a brilliant success throughout and was
followed by several other performances with Mr. Lyne in the
lead. As a result he never left Utah, but settled down and
passed the remainder of his days in our midst.

About the middle of the same decade, transportation
having become somewhat less irksome, there drifted into the
community S. M. Irwin. Mrs. Irwin, George Purdy and
Harry Rainforth, a son of the lady by another husband.
Purdy played once or twice in farce, then moved on un-
lamented, his style being a bit too breezy for this latitude. The
Irwins opened in "The Lady of Lyons," and made a decided
hit, so much so that an engagement extending through
several months resulted. He had a Forrestian appearance,
although a much smaller man than that eminent tragedian,
and looked and played everything pretty much alike. She
was versatile but not great, their attractiveness being the
result of the — to us — newness of style with the accompany-
ing mannerisms to which our own unhackneyed actors were
till then strangers. They did a great business, but a return
engagement a year or thereabouts later was not so success-
ful. One cause of this was that in the meantime a stellar
attraction of recognized brilliancy throughout the land, Julia
Dean Hayne, had come and seen and conquered. Measured
by the standard of the present school she might not have
swept us off our feet as she did, but we hadn't then been
inducted into that school and took her for what she was
worth, which was considerable. Tall and stately, with a
face on which traces of sadness had dimmed the lines of
beauty once so pronounced, accomplished, with a ward-
robe which then amounted to a series of delightful surprises

THE DRAMA. Ill

and with unquestionable talent of a superior kind, she cap-
tured high and low, rich and poor alike. Her life had been
at once a delightful romance and a sorrowful tragedy. At
an early age and near the zenith of her fame she was wooed
and won by the son of one of the most illustrious families,
the Haynes of South Carolina; his father as United States
Senator from that State met and struggled in forensic combat
with the great Daniel Webster in the days when the Senate
chamber was an arena in which only intellectual giants en-
tered the lists. How has the mighty fallen ! Young Hayne
drifted to the bad and finally became stranded in San Fran-
cisco. Finding herself dependent upon her own exertions
and with two children to support, Julia decided to make a
tour of the interrnountain region, where flush times prevailed
and the legitimate drama was comparatively a new thing.
This brought her to Salt Lake from Montana, in the company
of John S. Potter and with George B. Waldron as leading
man.* The former was a very good "old man" and Wald-
ron did some but not all things excellently. The rest of the
company ranged all the way from passably fair to actually
bad and but for the star of the troupe would doubtless have
come and gone, if at all, as the sorriest lot of tie contractors
that ever stormed a barn. They remained but a short time,
but Mrs. Hayne and Waldron stayed a good while. Finally
she went east and died there under middle age and in reduced
circumstances.

The next event was an eye-opener to those who fancied
they had already had before them the full range and every
phase of dramatic production and characterization. It was
the unheralded and not too liberally announced appearance of

* Mr. Potter was sometimes called "Blackberry Potter" for the follow-
ing reason: In Montana one day a member of his company asked for some
money, which no doubt — and a good deal more — was due. "What do you
want with money?" asked the manager. "I want to pay my board for one
thing," replied the actor. "Board be d—d !" rejoined Potter; "don't you
know blackberries are ripe?"

178 UTAH AS IT IS.

George Pauncefort with Mrs. Florence Bell. They opened
in the "Romance of a Poor Young Man,'' and those who
were able to appreciate high-class portrayals wholly devoid
of meretricious arts, vulgarity or straining for effect had a
feast spread before them; these proved to be the majority.
There were a few first-nighters, as there have been ever
since and probably were before, who could see nothing great
in the performance; there was no shouting, no struggling, no
ripping up of the benches, no clownishness, no anything
which appeals merely to the risibilities and startles the eye
or ear; such were in a hopeless minority and it steadily
dwindled. Strange to say, among those who looked upon
the performances with displeasure and would not enter the
Theatre while the engagement lasted was the great leader
himself — President Brigham Young. It is but fair, how-
ever, to say that the opposition arose not through any objec-
tion to the acting itself, but simply to the fact that Paunce-
fort came here with a woman who was not his wife.

Mr. Pauncefort's acting in such pieces as the one spoken
of and in high comedy generally was among the best ever
seen here and in some roles superior to any. He showed the
training and instincts of the cultivated gentleman in whatever
he did; always graceful, always easy, never awkward or at a
loss, portraying eccentricity, unction, sang-froid, little dashes
of emotion, and always maintaining the high level of a
thoroughbred, he was sure of success wherever the commu-
nity was educated up to the standard of appreciating his
work. But it was not until he appeared in "Don Caesar de
Bazan" that a complete and unequivocal capitulation of the
community was effected. It is questionable if any before
him, and absolutely certain that none after him, has at all
approached him in that exacting role, where the graces and
dignity of the trained cavalier are always apparent even
when clad in rags, mingling with the rabble and ever carry-
ing his life and fortunes in his hand with as much abandon as
valor. When Edwin Forrest — who in his prime was no doubt

THE DRAMA. 179

the greatest tragedian in some respects that ever lived — was
nearing the end and his performances of parts requiring
great robustness and vigor were as painful to his friends as
to his gouty, wretched self, there was one character in which
his defects did not seem to weigh against him so much —
"King Lear." It was with this in his earlier years that he
captured the British after having measurably failed in every-
thing else. On one occasion, a short time before his retire-
ment, a friend remarked to him after seeing "Lear" — "Mr.
Forrest, I never saw you act 'Lear' any better than this even-
ing." "Act it!" replied the frowning genius in tones of roll-
ing thunder; "act it! Why, sir, I act 'Macbeth,' 'Richelieu'
and 'Othello,' but by- — , sir, I am 'Lear'!" So we might
say of Pauncefort: he acted — royally well, too — "Manuel,"
"Lagardere," "Benedict" and so on, but he was "Don
Cagsar" himself. He finally drifted to Japan and has doubt-
less been dead for some time.

The advent of the Pacific railroad brought talent of all
kinds, qualities and conditions into our midst. Among the
eminent ones whose feet have pressed the boards of Salt
Lake might be named Salvini, Edwin Booth, Lawrence
Barrett, John McCullough, Edwin Adams, C. W. Couldock,
Frederick Warde, Louis James, Ristori, Janauschek, Lotta,
Mrs. Langtry, etc. The list is quite too long for complete
enumeration, saying nothing of the grand array of operatic
stars which has included Parepa Rosa (the first), Clara
Louise Kellogg, Annie Louise Carey, Emma Nevada, Patti,
Gerster, Emma Abbott and a lot more.

On April i, 1880, a number of young people represent-
ing prominent families got together and organized the Home
Dramatic Club. It was successful from the beginning and
had a long and prosperous career, but went to pieces a few
years ago. H. G. Whitney was manager, and a thoroughly
capable one he was. Standard society pieces and the higher
grades of melo-drama were the general lines of presentation,
but not exclusively so. The first leading man was the late

180

UTAH AS IT IS.

Laron Cummings and the club never had one equal to him in
the heavier roles, although possessed of abundance of talent
of a high order. It contained the present Governor of
Utah, Heber M. Wells; J. D. Spencer, merchant; O. Fr

INTERIOR OF SALT LAKE THEATRE, WITH GEO. D. PYPER, MGR.

Whitney, historian and poet; B. H. Young; Mrs. Ardelle
Cummings, Mrs. Birdie Cummings, Mrs. B. H, Young, and
others whose names are not now recalled. The occupations
given above are put in to show the utilitarian characteristics
of the youth of Zion, in which respect they are like their

THE DRAMA. 181

predecessors. Governor Wells — before becoming Governor,
of course — was one of the leading lights and played with
great ability some exacting roles, such as "Phipps" in the
"Banker's Daughter," "Grimaldi" in the "Life of an
Actress," and "Christian Christensen" in "Storm Beaten;" in
the immediately preceding era John T. Caine, who was sub-
sequently Territorial Delegate to Congress five terms and
who has held numerous other official stations, was one of the
Social Hall company and stage manager of the Salt Lake
Theatre and "in his time played many parts," a thousand of
them, no doubt, some with decided ability. The same
thing, mutamur mutandis, might be said of all who are herein
mentioned and a great many more. «

The Salt Lake Theatre is controlled by a joint stock
company of which Joseph F. Smith is president, HeberJ.
Grant vice-president, Heber M. Wells secretary, Elias A.
Smith treasurer; the directors being the foregoing, with
John Henry Smith, John R. Winder and Charles S. Burton.
The capital stock is $100,000, divided into 1000 shares of
$100 each.

The Grand Theatre, of Salt Lake City, is a fine struc-
ture, smaller than the older one but. well appointed and finished
throughout. It is a popular price establishment but carries
some pretty heavy attractions occasionally.

Ogden has a play house equal in most respects to the
leading one of Salt Lake, and Provo has one of similar pro-
portions to the Grand of the latter; the Thatcher Opera House
of Logan is an elegant place, but do£s not occupy all the
building. Besides all these every small city and large town
(as well as some that are not so large) has its hall for pub-
lic entertainment wherein dramatic representations are given.
Many of these are quite pretentious and all together showing
the advanced theatrical taste of Utah's people.

POPULATION-POST OFFICES

COUNTIES, COUNTY SEATS AND INCOR-
PORATED PLACES.

THE subjoined lists show at a glance not only the popula-
tion of the State by counties, county seats and incorpor-
ated places, but gives the increase for ten years and the esti-
mated increase since the census was taken. The county
seats appear with the letters "c. s." and the name of the
county in parenthesis, those which are unincorporated being
marked *. The population is as given by the census of 1900
except in cases of estimated increase or towns which have
sprung into existence since the census was taken; in the
former case the census figures appear in brackets ahead of
the others.

POPULATION BY COUNTIES.

Count?.

1900.

1890.

County

1900.

1890.

Beaver

....[3,616] 4.500

3.340

Salt Lake

.[77,725]

86,000

58.457

Box Elder....

10,009

7.642

San Juan

1,023

365

Cache

18,139

15-509

Sanpete

16.313

13,146

Carbon

5.004

Sevier

8,45 1

6,199

Davis

7»996

6,751

Summit

• •[9.439J

10,500

7,733

Emery

• 4,657

5,076

Tooele

-[7,361]

8,000

3-700

Garfield

3.400

2,457

Uintah

6,458

2.762

Grand

1,149

54i

Utah

.[32,456]

35,000

23-768

Iron

/.. [3,546] 4,000

2,683

Wasa^ch

4.736

3-595

Juab

10,082

5,582

Washington...

4,612

4,009

Kane

i,8n

1,685

Wayne

1,907

MilJard

5,678

4,033

Weber

[25,239]

28,000

22,723

Morgan

2,045

1,780

*Piute

— •I 1.954] 3,i5o

2,842

State [276,749] 293,675

207905

Rich

i,946

1,527

* The census shows a falling off from the report of 1890, but this has
been considerably more than offset by the new town of Kimberly and the
influx to Gold Mountain and other centers.

POPULATION— POST OFFICES.

183

POPULATION BY CITIES AND TOWNS.

1900. 1890.

Alpine City

520 466

Monroe town I»°57 880

*Ashlev (c s.Uintah)...

1,632

*Monticello (c. s- San

American Fork city

2 7^2

Juan) 180

Bear River City

362

Morgan city (c.s Mor-

Beaver city(c s. Beaver)

1,701

gan) 600 333

Bountiful city

1,442

Moroni city 1,224 958

Brighamcity (c s. Box

Mount Pleasant city... 2,372 2,254

Elder)

2,859 2,139

Nephi city (c.s. Juab) 2,208 2,034

Castle Dale town (c.s.

Newton town 429

Emery)

559 303

Ogden city (c. s. We-

Cedar city

i,425 967

ber) [16,313] 17,500 14,889

Coalville city (c. s.

Panguitch city (c. s.

Summit) .

808 i [66

Garfield) . . .. 883

Corinne citv

323

Park city 3.769 2,850

Elsinore town

62*

Parowan city (c.s. Iron) 1,039

Ephraim city

2,086

Pay son city 2,636 2,135

Eureka city [3,085]

3.500 1,733

Pleasant Grove city ... 2,460 1,926

Fairview city

1,119 844

Price town 539 209

Farmington city (c. s.

Provo city (c.s. Utah)..

Davis)

968

[6,185] 7,000 5,159

Fillmore city (c. s.

^Randolph (c. s. Rich) 821

Millard)

I O17

Redmond town 45^

Fountain Green town

755 677

Richfield city (c. s.

Glenwood town

422

Sevier) 1,969 1,531

Goshen town

6/ic 208

Richmond city. . 1,111

Giantsville city

i 058 ......

St. George city (c. s.

Ounnison citv

820

Washington) 1,600 . ..

Heber city " (c. s.

Salem town ,. 894 527

Wasatch)

I.C7/1 I C78

Salina town 847

Huntington town

653 513

Salt Lake City (c s.

Hyrum citv

1,6^2

Salt Lake>. .[53, 531] 61,000 44843

^Junction city (c. s.

Sandy city 1,030

Piute) •

249

Santaquin town 889

Kanab town (c. s

Scipio town 578

Kane).

7io ^66

Scofield town 642

Kaysville city

1,708 548

Smithfield city i,494 1,080

Lehi city

2,719

Spanish Fork city 2,735 2,214

Loa (c.s. Wayne)

443

Spring city 1,135 1.044

Logan city (c.s Cache)

5,451 4.566

Springville city 3,422 2,849

Manti city (c. s.

Tooele city (c. s.

San pete)

2 <1O8 I Q^O

Tooele) 1,200

Mendon city

AQA

Vernal towni .. 644

Mercur city

2,351

Washington city 519

Midway town

7 IQ

Wellsville city .. 908

*Moab (c.s. Grand)..

623

Willard city 580 492

COMPLETE LIST OF POST OFFICES. (CORRECTED TO MAY, 1903.)

Abraham Millard

Annabella

Sevier Basin Grand

Adams yille Beaver

Asays

Garfield Bear River City

Alpine Utah

Aurora

Sevier Box Elder

Alta Salt Lake

Austin...

„ - ..Sevier Beaver Beaver

American Fork..., Utah

Avon

Cache Benson Cache

Aneth San Juan

Axtell

San pete Bingham Canyon

Salt Lake

184

UTAH AS IT IS.

Blackrock Millard

Elaine Davis

Bloomington.Wasatch

Blueacre Beaver

Bluff San Juan

Boulder Gar field

Bountiful Davis

Bridgeport Uintah

Brigham Box Elder

Brighton SaltLake

Brinton Salt Lake

Buenavista Uintah

Burbank Millard

Burrvil le Se vier

Cache Junction

Cache

Caineville Wayne

(Calderpark Sta. Salt
Lake City.)

Callao Juab

Cannon Cache

Cannonville. . .Garfield

Carlisle San Juan

Castledale Emery

Castlegate Carbon

Castle Rock... Summit

Castleton Grand

Cedar City Iron

Cedar Valley Utah

Center Tooele

Centerfield San pete

Centerville Davis

Charleston ... Wasatch

Chester San pete

Circleville Piute

Cisco Grand

Clarkston.., Cache

Clearcreek Car bon

Clearfield Davis

Clearlake Millard

Cleveland Emery

Clinton Utah

Clover Tooele

Coalville Summit

College Cache

Collinston...Box Elder

Colton Utah

Corinne ....Box Elder

Cove Cache

Coyote Garfield

Crafton Millard

Croydon Morgan

Curlew Box Elder

Deseret Millard

Desertlake bmery

Deweyville.Box Elder

Diamond Juab

Dixie Washington

Draper Salt Lake

Dry fork.; Uintah

Echo City Summit

Eden Weber

Eldorado.... Salt Lake

Elgin Grand

Elsinore Sevier

Emery Emery

Enoch Iron

Enterprise. Washinton

Ephraim Sanpete

Erda Tooele

Escalante Garfield

Eureka Juab

Fairfield Utah

Fairview Sanpete

Farmington Davis

Fayette Sanpete

Perron Emery

Fielding... Box Elder

Fillmore Millard

Fishsprings Juab

(Fort Dauglas, Sta....

Salt Lake City)

Fort Duchesne. Uintah

Fountain Green

Sanpete

Freedom Sanpete

Fremont Wayne

Frisco Beaver

Fruita Wayne

Garden City Rich

Garland. ...Box Elder

Garrison Millard

Geneva Box Elder

Giles Wayne

Gisbor n Tooele

Glendale Kane

Glenwood Sevier

Golden Box Elder

Goshen Utah

Grantsville Tooele

Greenriver Emery

Greenville Beaver

Greenwich Piute

Grouse Creek

Box Elder

Grover Wayne

Gunlock Washington

Gunnison Sanpete

Hanksville Wayne

Harper Carbon

Hatton Millard

Heber. Wasatch

Hebron .... Washington

Helper Carbon

Henefer Summit

Henrieville... .Garfield

Hinkley Millard

Kite Garfield

Holden Millard

Holliday Salt Lake

Honeyville.Box Elder

Hooper Weber

Hoytsville Summit

Huntington Emery

Huntsville Weber

Hy depark Cache

Hyrum Cache

Ibapah Tooele

Ibex Millard

Indianola Sanpete

In verury Sevier

Jensen Uinta

Johnson Kane

Joseph Sevier

Joy Juab

Juab Juab

Junction Piute

Kamas Summit

Kanab Kane

Kanarraville Iron

Kanosh Millard

Kaysville Davit

Kelton Box Elder

Kimberly Piute

King Cache

Kingston Piute

Koosharem Piute

Lakepoint Tooele

Laketown Rich

Lasal San Juan

Lawrence Emery

Layton Davis

Leamington... .Millard

Lee Morgan

Leeds Washington

LehiCity Utah

Leland Uintah

Levan Juab

Lewiston Cache

Liberty Weber

Lincoln Tooele

Loa .Wayne

Logan Cache

Lyman Wayne

Mammoth Juab

Manila Uintah

Manti Sanpete

Marion Summit

Marysvale Piute

Mayfield Sanpete

Meadow Millard

Mendon Cache

Mercur Tooele

Midway Wasatch

POPULATION— POST OFFICES.

185

Milburn Sanpete

Milford Beaver

Milton Tooele

Millville Cache

Minersville Beaver

Moab Grand

Modena Iron

Molen Emery

Mona Juab

Monroe Sevier

Monticello...San Juan

Morgan Morgan

Moroni Sanpete

Mount Carmel...Kane

Mount Nebo Utah

Mount Pleasant

Sanpete

Murray Salt Lake

Naples Uintah

Nephi Juab

New Harmony

Washington

Newton Cache

North Ogden... Weber

Notom Wayne

Oak City Mil lard

Oakley Summit

Oasis Millard

Ogden Weber

Ophir Tooele

Orangeville . ...Emery

Orderville Kane

Orton Garfield

Ouray Uintah

Pahreah Kane

Panguitch Garfield

Paradise Cache

Paragonah Iron

Park City Summit

Park Valley Box Elder

Parowan Iron

Payson Utah

Penrose Box Elder

Peoa Summit

Perry Box Elder

Peterson Morgan

Pine Valley

Washington

Pinto Washington

Plain City Weber

Plateau Sevier

Pleasant Grove... Utah
Ply mouth... Box Elder

Point Lookout

Box Elder

Portage Box Elder

Porterville Morgan

Price Carbon

12.

Promontory Box Elder

Providence Cache

Provo City Utah

Ranch Kane

Randolph Rich

Ransom Cache

Redmond Sevier

Richardson Grand

Richfield Sevier

Richmond Cache

Riter Salt Lake

Riverdale Weber

Riverside... Box Elder

Riverton Salt Lake

Robinson Juab

R ockport Summit

Rockville Washington

Rosette Box Elder

Roy Weber

St. George

Washington

St. John Tooele

Salem Utah

Salina Sevier

Salt Lake City

Salt Lake
Stations.
Calder Park.
Fort Douglas.
Murray.
Sugar House.
No. i, 6 Main St.
No. 2,ist andN. Sts.
No 3, 7th South and
7th East Streets.
No. 4, in S. 5th

West Street.
No. 5, 242 W. S.

Temple Street.
No. 6, 8th St. S. and

8th St. W.
No. 7.537 N. istSt.

W.
No. 8, 256 S. 9th K.

Street.

No. 9, E. 4th St., S.
No. 10, 380 W. 3rd

N. Street.
No. n, 669 S. W.

Temple Street.
No. 12, 176 Mead St.
No. 13, 1401 Indiana
Avenue

Sandy Salt Lake

Santa Clara

Washington

Santaquin Utah

Scipio Millard

Scofield Carbon

Sevier Sevier

Sigurd Sevier

Silver City Juab

Silverlake...Salt Lake

Smithfield Cache

Smithville Millard

Smyths Millard

Snowville.. Box Elder

Spanish Fork Utah

Spring City... San pete
Springdale

Washington

Springville Utah

Stateliue Iron

(Station "A" (5 Points)
Weber

Sterling... Sanpete

Stockton..' Tooele

(Sugarhcuse Sta. Salt
Lake City.)

Summit Iron

Sunny side Carbon

Sunshine Tooele

Syracuse Davis

Teasdale Wayne

Terrace Box Elder

Thatcher... Box Elder

Thistle Utah

Thompsons Grand

Thurber Wayne

Tooele Tooele

Toquerville

Washington

Torrey Wayne

Trenton Cache

Tropic Garfield

Trout Creek Juab

Tucker Utah

Uinta Weber

Upton Summit

Utah Hot Springs

Box Elder

Venice Sevier

Verdure San Juan

Vermilion Sevier

Vernal Uintah

Vernon Tooele

View Weber

Vipont Box Elder

Virgin Washington

Wales Sanpete

Wallsburg Wasatch

Wanship Summit

Washakie ..Box Elder
Washington

Washington
Wellington Carbon

186

UTAH AS IT IS.

Wellsville Cache

West Jordan

Salt Lake

West Portage

Box Elder
West water ...Grand

Wheeler. ..Washington

Whiterocks Uinta

Willard Box Elder

Winter Quarters

Carbon

Woodland Summit

Woodruff Rich

Woods Cross Davis

Woodside Emery

Yost Box Elder

AS THB MAILS WERE FORMERLY CARRIED.

(The cut represents an overland stage in front of the Salt Lake Postoffice.)

THE PRINCIPAL CITIES,

THEIR BEGINNING, PROGRESS AND PRESENT

STATUS.*

THE loyal citizen of Utah may not point with pride to the
State's urban districts, but he is apt to experience a
pleasurable feeling when he turns his mind that way. The
metropolis is the largest city within a belt about 1,000 miles
wide east and west, and extending north and south to the
poles of the earth, and in the same region there are not more
than two ahead of our second city; while some of the larger
places otherwise are equal if not superior to the metropolis of
most of the neighboring commonwealths. But it is not alto-
gether in the matter of population that prominence is main-
tained; the percentage of possessions per capita is as high
and of illiteracy as low as anywhere else in the United States
with three or four possible exceptions. And when the humble
beginning, the meagre chances for success, the drastic expe-
riences of the founders, the remoteness from aid of all kinds
which humanity could provide and the all-pervading and de-
pressing solitude which hedged them in are taken into the
account, the well-nigh marvelous character of the consumma-
tions may be faintly realized by those who did not participate
in the foundation-laying.

* While all places in Utah are mentioned in these pages, only those
having a population above 5,000 are included in this department, for obvious
reasons.

188 UTAH AS IT IS.

The first house ever erected in all the great wilderness
ribbed by the Wasatch Mountains is previously presented in
these pages. It was the commencement of what for many
years was the only city on the long, wearisome drive between
the Eastern and Western frontiers, and today enjoys the
unique distinction of being the oldest city in the youngest
State. Its growth was slow but steady; what it gained it
kept and added to. The two pictures presented represent
it a short time after the beginning of its existence and
as it is now. These comprise a story none the less eloquent
because not told in words. Without further ado the reader
is presented with the first division proper of the general theme
of this chapter — the rise, growth and characteristics of the
inter-mountain metropolis and capital of Utah.

SALT LAKE CITY.

IT HAS already been shown that the founding of the
Queen City of the Rocky Mountains took place, as a matter
of fact and of record, on July 24, 1847. There were no im-
posing proceedings, and even the simple ones partook more

SAI/T I,AE:E CITY IN 1850.

of a business than a ceremonial character. Perhaps the only
thing that might come within the latter term was the action
of the leader of the "tattered remnant," who had got out of

THE PRINCIPAL CITIES. 189

his conveyance and was taking a casual and visual survey of
the landscape; having satisfied himself as to the situation he
thrust his cane into the soil and said — "This is the place;
here will we build the Temple of our God!" And here it is,
a $5,000,000 structure, the work of a thousand men covering
a period of a generation's span, the proudest figure in a pic-
ture of grandeur, stateliness and beauty equal to a dream of
empire which surpasses in wealth all the gleaming treasures
of the Ind.

The plat for the city survey was begun on August 2, by

SAI/T LAKE CITY IN 1903 — A SECTIONAL VIEW BOOKING SOUTHWEST.

Orson Pratt and H. G. Sherwood, and soon after logs were
gathered for a fort, which was constructed as soon as possible.
This was a prime necessity, not only for comfort but safety,
for, though the Indians as a rule had kept their traditional
deviltry within reasonable restraint so far, this was by no
means to be taken as a criterion and they were much less
objectionable as neighbors when securely fenced out. In
January, 1851, the Legislature of the "State of Deseret" char-
tered the city, lalong with four other places which had been
founded in the meantime, these being Ogden, Provo, Manti

190

UTAH AS IT IS.

SOME OF SALT LAKE'S MAYORS.

J, M. GRANT, THE FIRST MAYOR. A. O. SMOOT, THE SECOND MAYOR,

D. H. WBLLS, THE THIRD MAYOR. EZRA THOMPSON, PRESENT MAYOR,

THE PRINCIPAL CITIES. 191

and Parowan. "Great Salt Lake City" incorporated imme-
diately and set its municipal machinery in motion, the others
following suit more leisurely, perhaps because there were not
in every case, enough men to fill the offices. There was no
shortage in Salt Lake, however, the first officials being —
Mayor, Jedediah M. Grant; aldermen, N. H. Felt, William
Snow, J. P. Harmon, N. V. Jones; councilors, Vincent
Shurtliff, B. L. Clapp, Zera Pulsipher, W. G. Perkins,
Lewis Robinson, Harrison Burgess, Jeter Clinton, J. L.
Dunyon, S. W. Richards. The aldermen represented mu-
nicipal wards and the councilors other divisions. These were
all appointed by the Legislature for the first term, but for the
second one they "ran" for it, the ticket containing the same
names with one or two exceptions and it was overwhelmingly
victorious, there being no other in the field.

The list of mayors of Salt Lake City with terms of ser-
vice, is as follows:

Jedediah M. Grant, from January, 1851, to November, 1856.

Abraham O. Smoot, from November, 1856, to February, 1866.

Daniel H. Wells, from 1866 to 1876.

Feramorz Little, from 1876 to 1382.

William Jennings, from 1882 to 1884.

James Sharp, from 1884 to 1886.

Francis Armstrong, from 1886 to 1890.

George M. Scott, from 1890 to 1892.

Robert N. Baskin, from 1892 to 1896.

James Glendinning, from February, 1896, to January i, 1898.*

John Clark, from 1898 to 1900.

Ezra Thompson, from 1900 to 1904.

It is not likely that the first mayor was overburdened
with his official duties, or had much difficulty in getting along
with the co-ordinate branch of the municipal government —
the City Council. How different regarding the last one!
Mayor Thompson has not only been a very busy man right
along, but has been locking horns with the law-makers con-

* The Legislature of 1897 changed the time of municipal elections from
February in the even numbered years to November in the odd numbered
ones.

192 UTAH AS IT IS.

tinually. He is, in fact, facetiously styled the "War Mayor."
in the midst of the turmoil, however, he has been instrumental
in having some great improvements made, these being too
numerous to mention but plainly apparent whichever way one
may turn. He is also one of the heaviest tax-payers in the
city and is always to the fore on any proposition looking to
progress and enterprise. Of the others, much might be said
were it necessary. They had different times and greatly dif-
ferent conditions to deal with and made all that could be
made of the situation as it stood. Up to the advent of Lib-
eral ascendency, while it can be said that there were not so
many improvements nor conveniences as since, it must also
be admitted that tax rates
were very much lower
and the municipality was
absolutely free from debt.
It now owes about $2.800.-
ooo and the burden in-
creases rather than dimin-
ishes, but to be strictly
fair again, it must be con-
ceded that there is some-

EAGI,E GATE.

thing to show for it. Pro-
gressive government comes high, but we must have it occa-
sionally.

Before the war the only public buildings (except the old
Tabernacle and ward halls) in Salt Lake City were the
Council House, which stood on the ground where the new
Deseret Neivs building now stands, a square structure used for
a county court house and jail, and a little dinky place of two
stories, the lower for city offices and the upper a court where
the once noted Jeter Clinton dispensed law and such to
offenders against the ordinances; and finally the Social Hall.
Look. at us now!

One of the early institutions of Salt Lake which has been
the means of imperiling many souls through the unrestricted

THE PRINCIPAL CITIES.

193

use of profanity is the estray pound, and we still have it with
us with the sting of cussedness as sharp and alert for business
as in the halcyon days of the town. It is, as it has ever been,,
a congregating point for cows that have the advantage of
being city bred, for horses that want a rest even at the
price of semi-starvation, and for all manner and grade of
things that walk on four legs, excepts pigs. A great many
people who have lifted up their voices in words not ot prayer
have often wished that some one would turn in a pig to the
poundkeeper so they might have some measure of revenge
on him. The accompanying
cut is from a shapshot, and
gives a pretty fair idea of
how that justly celebrated
department of the municipal-
ity looks on ordinary occa-
sions.

Like the great lake it-
self, Salt Lake City is chiefly
sustained by numerous feed-
ers. Scarcely a profit-earn-
ing mine in the State but
what pays tribute in some
way to the great receiving
and disbursing point ; this
relates not only to ores and

bullion, but to pretty much everything else that is raised
in the State and systematically sold at a distance. The most
of everything finds its way here before it goes elsewhere, and
by some means or other some share of the values adheres to
the hands it passes through, not illegitimately of course, but
in the regular way of business. There is always some
greater attraction in the metropolis than can be found else-
where, and this has its effect. It is the only place in the State
that can accommodate, without being crowded, a great con-
vention at which a thousand or more people are in attendance,.

ESTRAY POUND.

194 UTAH AS IT IS.

though Ogden and Provo have both had such gatherings and
handled them quite satisfactorily. As a matter of fact, Salt
Lake frequently has as many as 10,000 extra people on its
hands and has had as high as double that, the former being
nearly always the case at the semi-annual conferences of the
Mormon Church, the latter when there is something unusual
on the tapis, like the dedication of the great Temple, the
Jubilee celebration and so on. The hotel system of Zion is
fully equal to that of any city of similar proportions in the
world, while vastly superior to many, this of itself being no small
attraction; and in summer time it is the debouching center for
pleasure and health seekers to the shores of the lake, the
mountain resorts and elsewhere. Its streets are really fine as
well as capacious and well kept, the entire central portion
of the city being firmly and evenly paved, and all parts are
thoroughly gridironed with an electric car system which is as
satisfactory as any in the country. None of them is perfectly
satisfactory, because not picking people up just at the minute
they want to go anywhere and landing them at their destina-
tion in the twinkling of a drugstore eye in a temperance town.
The telephone is also greatly in evidence everywhere and, in
fact, all the modern advantages and conveniences, right up to
•date and at the most reasonable rates, are on hand and con-
tributing their part toward maintaining and increasing the
"pull" which the metropolis enjoys.

The great City and County Building — one of the finest
and most spacious to be found anywhere — is the headquarters
of officialdom, State, county and city. The northern half is
known as the City Hall, the other part as the County Court
House. The grounds surrounding it are very beautiful and
constitute a commodious and pleasurable park.

The city's assessed valuation of property for 1902 was
$33,691,998; at this writing the assessment for 1903 is not
made, but estimates show that it will go beyond $35,000,000.
The tax rate is $3.19 on the $100.

The public school system is as nearly perfect as such a

THE PRINCIPAL CITIES.

195

system can be made. Superintendents, teachers, buildings,
equipments and grounds are about all that could be asked.

Waterworks and water supply have not been altogether
satisfactory, but difficulties are steadily disappearing and im-
proved conditions taking their place.

The police system is economical and efficient. No more
men are employed than are actually necessary to safeguard
the general interest, but each is a steady, courageous, reliable
man. For special occasions the force can be and always is

"l,INGERL,ONGER," RESIDENCE OF JUDGE O. W. POWERS.

augmented sufficiently to be equal to any probable emergency.
The city officials for 1903 are — Mayor, Ezra Thompson;
Members of Council, J. J. Thomas, F. J. Hewlett, Charles
Cottrell, Jr., F. S. Fernstrom, W. J. Tuddenham, T. R. Black,
Arthur J. Davis, Arthur Robinson, W. E. Vigus, E. J. Eard-
ley, Henry Arnold, E. H. Davis, John N. Sharp, Jr., W. C.
-Spence, J. S. Daveler; Recorder, J. O. Nystrom; Treasurer,

THE PRINCIPAL CITIES. 197

Richard P. Morris; City Justices, Christopher B. Diehl, H.
S. Tanner; Chief of Police, Samuel Paul; Auditor,. Albert S.
Reiser; Attorney, George L. Nye; Engineer, Louis C. Kel-
sey; Superintendent of Streets and Irrigation, Peter S. Condie;
Superintendent of Waterworks, Frank L. Hines; Land and
Water Commissioner, I. M. Fisher; Superintendent of Parks,
C. B. Erickson; Chief of Fire Department, James Devine;
Building Inspector, F. M. Uimer; Oil Inspector and Sealer
of Weights and Measures, W. P. Nebeker; Dog Tax Collec-
tor, Walter F. Griffiths.

The county officials are as follows — Commissioners, W.
W. Wilson, James H. Anderson, N. H. Standish; Clerk, John
James; Sheriff, C. Frank Emery; Recorder, Walter J. Meeks;
Treasurer, W. O. Carbis; Auditor, I. M. Fisher; Attorney,
George Westervelt; Surveyor, Joseph Swenson; Assessor,
Ben R. Eldredge; Superintendent of Schools, B. W. Ashton.

THE GREAT LAKE.

While Great Salt Lake is not within the municipal
boundaries of the city, it is so near by and so numerously
•connected by lines of rail that it may be considered as one of
the features of the metropolis. A twenty minutes ride takes
one to the nearest point — Saltair; thirty minutes to Garfield,
and from there on to the western side of the mountain range
the road skirts the beach all along; while both roads to the
north are in close view of the lake for nearly the whole dis-
tance to Ogden and the Rio Grande touches it in several
places. This remarkable body of water is a source of greater
wealth than the average individual knows of and of greater
possibilities in that direction than anybody has yet found out
— all this in addition to its highly profitable features as a
sanitarium and pleasure resort. That noted farceur, the late
Col. Pat Donan, in writing up the lake gave wings to his
fancy and yet did not overstate the case very much if at all;
as the matter fits in here quite well, a portion of his article is
reproduced :

198 UTAH AS IT IS.

Say Salt Lake is a hundred miles long, and has an average width of 27
miles; that gives an area of 2,700 square miles. There are 27,878,400 square
feet in a mile; so the lake has an area of 75,271,680,000 square feet. Take
20 feet as its average depth; then 20 times 75,271,680,000 will give us 1,505,-
433,600,000 cubic feet as the contents of the lake. Now 16^3 per cent, or
one-sixth of this, according to the analysis of eminent chemists, is salt and
sulphate of soda.

That is, the lake contains 250,905,600,000 cubic feet of salt and sulphate
of soda. Of this vast mass one- eighth is sulphate of soda and seven-eighths
common salt. So there are of Na 2 S. O. 4, or sulphate of soda, 31,363,200,-
ooo cubic feet; and of Na Cl., or common salt, 219,542,400,000 cubic feet.
These figures seem astounding, but they are hardly a beginning. Proceed
a little farther. A cubic foot of sulphate of soda weighs 50 pounds, and a
cubic foot of common salt, 80 pounds; so we have, as the contents, in part,
of this unparalleled reservoir of wealth, 1,568,160,000,000 pounds, or 784,-
o8o;ooo tons of sulphate of soda; and 17,560,339,200,000 pounds, or 8,780,169,-
6co tons of salt. Allowing ten tons to a car load, that would be 78,408,000
cars of soda, and 878,016,960 cars of salt. Taking 30 feet as the total length
of a freight car and its couplings, we would have a train of soda 445,500
miles long, or nearly to the moon and back; and a train of salt 4,988,730
miles in length, or long enough to reach 196 times around the earth, and
leave an 8,000 mile string of cars over on a side track. Running 20 miles
an hour and never stopping night or day, it would take the salt-laden train
28 years, 5 months and 23 days to pass a station.

When figures mount, as these do, into billions and trillions, they be-
come too vast for any careless handling. These are, thus far, correct and
reasonable, though almost incomprehensible. Carry the computation one
step more. The ordinary valuation of sulphate of soda is one cent a pound,
or $20 a ton; so our 784,080,000 tons of it would be worth, in the markets of
the world, $15,681,600 ooo. Common salt at a low estimate, is worth a half
cent a pound, or $10 a ton; our 8,780,169,600 tons of it would consequently
have a money value of $87,801,696,000. That is a gigantic, almost incon-
ceivable total for salt and soda, of $103,483,296,000; or enough, in two ingre-
dients of this watery wonder of the new world, to pay all the national debts
in Christendom, and leave a pretty fair fortune for every man, woman, child
and other person in the hemispheric republic of Yankeedoodledoo.

The entire assessed valuation of the United States, including real estate
and personal property, under the census of 1880, was $16,902,993,543; so the
salt and soda of this one mountain-girt lake are worth more than six times
as much as the whole forty nine States and Territories of the Union, as shown
by the national assessment books ten years ago. Do these figures seem as-
tounding? The facts are astounding and the figures but do them justice.
The conclusions are inexorable, and the figures, though overwhelming, are
absolutely accurate and trustworthy. But cut all the figures in two, halve
all the estimates, and we would still have a sum so prodigious that all the
arithmetic classes of creation would stagger before it.

THE PRINCIPAL CITIES.
OGDEN CITY.

199

THE ground on which Utah's second city stands was
claimed and occupied by the white intruder some years be-
fore any other part of Utah was settled. The land was held
by virtue of an assumed grant from the Mexican government
to Miles M. Goodyear, the concession, if it ever existed, dat-
ing back to 1841 and embracing pretty much all that was
subsequently organized into Weber County, his fort being
situated near what is now the southwestern part of the city.

FIRST NATIONAL BANK, OGDEN.

Undoubtedly he took his pick out of the whole country, and
while he accomplished little or nothing in an agricultural way
on the soil chosen, those who see the Ogden of today, or for
that matter those who saw it fifty years ago and still live,
will cheerfully testify that he showed good judgment in his
selection, better, no doubt, than he was aware of. Soon after
the advent of^the Pioneers it was bought by Captain James
Brown for a comparatively small consideration, the possessor

200

UTAH AS IT IS.

being evidently willing to, let go for what he could get for
two reasons — that already stated, his inability to raise crops,
and the falling off in the trapping business, which the newly
appeared civilization threatened with growth to reduce to a
low ebb or wipe out altogether. So he and his dusky-hued
spouses with their saddle-colored offspring and the retainers
generally in the shape of mountaineers and more or less
hybridized bipeds and quadrupeds slid through the apertures
cleaving the everlasting hills and were seen no more.

The following spring a systematic opening of the work

PARRY BLOCK, OGDEN.

of reclamation took place. Large tracts of ground were
ploughed up and planted to grain, vegetables and melons.
They grew finely and matured properly. Families settled in
the now promising district, among them that of Lorin Farr,
who became the first mayor and served several terms after-
wards. The "city" was incorporated and Ogden had its be-
ginning. It grew steadily and prosperously and for three and
a half decades has been a city in fact as well as in law . But

THE PRINCIPAL CITIES.

201

it has had some backsets notwithstanding its healthful growth.
It looks as if nothing begun or carried on by Mormons could
escape colliding with the Government sooner or later. Some
time after the organization of the Territory the Goodyear
title to the lands was repudiated at national headquarters and
another purchase had to be made, an expensive and worrisome
proceeding, but it didn't hurt much nor last long.

Ogden received its first great impulse in the direction of

RESIDENCE OF H. C. WARDLEIGH, OGDEN.

becoming a commercial centre from the advent of the Pacific
railway. Although the first junction was at Promontory and
the next at Corinne, where it remained for a good while,
Ogden was destined to have its rights in due time, and the
understanding that this was to be, together with the road ac-
tually in their midst, made a transformation which amounted
to a regular boom for a while. All kinds of commodities,
but especially houses and rooms, found immediate takers for

202 UTAH AS IT IS.

cash and in some cases at exorbitant rates. After this wore
away and things settled down to a proper basis, the place
soon became adjusted to the new conditions, under which the
population has quite quadrupled and property values have
done even better than that.

The attractions and conveniences of the city are thu^
enumerated by the Standard of a recent date :

A stranger coming to Ogden will find here the largest railway center in
the west, and the point toward which all central transcontinental lines
are pointing.

The best and most beautiful union depot west of Denver.

The best climate and most healthy conditions in the west.

Sanitary conditions of the city are of the best.

Twelve beautiful church edifices.

Three beautifully improved parks.

Eleven good hotels.

Five of the most substantial banks in the country.

A wide-awake daily paper which would be a credit to a town of
50,000 people.

An opera house with a seating capacity of 2,000.

Beautiful free public library, with one of the best and most beautiful
buildings for such an institution in the West.

A complete telephone system with another company seeking an
entrance.

City most attractively located.

A healthy and substantial building and business growth.

Business blocks all practically brick and stone structures with plate
glass fronts and possessing all modern conveniences.

Broad sidewalks and wide and level streets.

Most beautiful homes with charming environments.

Seat of the State School for Deaf, Blind and Dumb.

Seat of the Sta'e Industrial school.

Seat of the Weber Stake academy.

Sacred Heart Academy and the Catholic School of St. Joseph.

Ogden Sugar Plant has a capacity of about 400 tons of beets daily.

Utah Light & Power company plant, which ranks in magnitude with
any of the kind in the country, costing $1,500,000. Electrical force
IO,OOD horse power.

Four mammoth canning factories in Ogden and nine in the county
immediately adjacent to the city.

Electric light and gas plants.

Twenty-four jobbing houses.

The two largest wholesale houses in the West.

One woolen mill.

THE PRINCIPAL C11IES. 203

Two knitting factories.

Two steam laundries.

Five flour mills.

One btewery,

Largest creamery company in the West, owning three large creamreies*

Largest sewer pipe and tile works west of the Mississippi.

A broom factory.

Nine brick yards.

Three electrical mills for woodwork.

One pickle and one vinegar factory.

One cracker factory.

One soap factory.

Largest railroad shops in the West.
. One foundry and three machine shops,

A first-class street railway system.

Four lumber yards.

A first-clast general hospital.

About thirty-five secret and fraternal orders.

Well organized fire and police departments.

Three hundred general business houses employing 1000 clerks.

Sixty wagon and blacksmith employes,

Finest school system in the West.

The scenic attractions of Ogden canyon, near the city, are not surpassed
by any scenery in the State, and two honrs' ride by carriage will land the
tourist in the very heart of the mountains, where he can enjoy the scenery
as well as the life-giving ozone of the Rockies.

Medicinal and thermal springs located vithin nine miles of the city,
rising out of the base of the Wasatch mountains. They possess remedial
virtues of the highest order, and have effected many phenomenal cures.

The present city officials (1903) are as follows:
Elective — Mayor, William Glasmann; Recorder, W. J.
Critchlow ; Treasurer, Robert Moves; Municipal Judge,
Albert Howell; Auditor, Mrs. Hattie Brown; Attorney, John

E. Bagley.

Appointive — Street Supervisor, L. B. Balch; Chief of
Police, T. E. Browning; Chief of Fire Department, George
A. Graves; Physician, Dr. G. A. Dickson; Sanitary Inspector,
Albert Powers; Engineer, A. F. Parker; Superintendent of
Schools, William Allison.

Councilmen — William Driver, President; J. E. Williams,

F. W. Chambers, Charles Cross, J. C. Nye, F.J. Hendershot,
H. J. Powers, H. P. Randall, F. H. Carr, Robert Paine.

204 UTAH AS IT IS.

Ogden, like Salt Lake, has an excellent street car and
water service with all the modern advantages. It has a ma-
jority of public-spirited people who take an abiding interest
in their town and look for no welfare for themselves that it
cannot enjoy. Its population and statistics regarding it gen-
erally will be found in the proper departments. It is the seat
of the State Industrial and Reform School, also of the Deaf
and Dumb Institute; the county court house, located there,
is the finest and most commodious in the State outside of Salt
Lake, and the same can be said of its municipal public build-
ing. It has some educational, ecclesiastical, mercantile and
manufacturing structures that would do credit to any city;
among the latter is the recently finished sugar factory, a cut and
full account of which appear elsewhere; and the only union
depot and Carnegie library building in the State are among
Ogden's features.

PROVO CITY.

THE third city of the State dates its existence as a com-
munity back to the year 1849, 'm ^e early part of April. At
that time the California gold excitement was running high,
but the settlers of Utah valley were not affected by it any
more than to take a passing interest in the details wafted to
them at long intervals, as they would have done with any
other news of more than ordinary consequence. They were
more intent upon the production of golden grain than any-
thing else of an earthly nature and they struck the right place
to get it in abundance — later on. The valley had previously
been explored and settled by a company headed by John S.
Higbee, and at the time spoken of a fort was constructed on
or near the site of the city. The community grew apace, so
much so that it was incorporated in 1851, and on the iyth of
July a special confer&ace was held at which the town, which
had by that time grown up to some little size, was divided

THE PRINCIPAL CITIES.

205

into five Bishop's wards. All the while the Indians were
practicing deviltry with numerous variations, attacking un-
awares, harassing travelers, stealing stock and occasionally
being gratified with the killing or wounding of one or more
of the whites. Of course some of the "noble scions" bit the
dust quite frequently, but not fast enough to discourage them
greatly for a good while.

The first mayor was Ellis Eames, who held office during

RESIDENCE OF SENATOR REED SMOOT, PROVO.

[The Senator and Family in the Foreground.]

1891 and 1892. The others were as follows: Evan M.
Green, 1853-4; B. K. Bullock, 1855-60; Ebenezer Hanks,
A. H. Scott, 1861-2; Isaac Bullock, B. K. Bullock, 1863 (the
duality in the mayor's office, shown by the last four incum-
bents, was abolished by the Legislature during the latter
term); William Miller, 1864-7; A. O. Smoot, i868-8i;W.
H. Dusenberry, 1882-9;]. E. Booth. 1890-91; W. N. Dusen-
berry, 1892-5; L. Holbrook, 1896-7; S. S.Jones, 1898-9; T.
N. Taylor, 1900-3.

Provo is called the "Garden City" and is entitled to the

206

UTAH AS IT IS.

name, as nearly every residence is flanked by a garden and
more or less fruit-bearing trees and shrubs as well. It has a
commodious and well-appointed opera house, supports a daily
and two semi-weekly newspapers, and is well represented in
all the different departments of merchandising. It has several
job printing offices and one that has attached a bookbindery
second to none in the State — that of the Skelton Publishing
Co., the manager of which, Mr. Robert Skelton, is a thor-
oughgoing business man who has brought the enterprise up

RESIDENCE OF SAMUEL A. KING, PROVO.

to a stage of efficiency and popularity that make it a feature
of the town. Provo is something of a seat of learning, hav-
ing as a leader the far-famed B. Y. Academy; it contains the
State Mental Hospital, one of the best managed and most
complete institutions of the kind in the whole country, and is
the home of several of our heaviest and most successful min-
ing men.

PROVO CITY OFFICERS, 1903.

Mayor, Thomas N. Taylor; Recorder, N. C. Larsen;
Marshal. Frank Tucker; Treasurer. Joseph Buttlr ; Justice

THE PRINCIPAL CITIES.

207

•of the Peace, Thomas John; City Attorney, A. L. Booth;
City Engineer, Caleb Tanner. Councilmen — First Ward,
Joseph T. Farrer, C. F. Decker; Second Ward, Joseph Ward,
W. D. Roberts, Jr.; Third Ward, W. P. Silver, W. K. Farrer;
Fourth Ward, Albert Carter, George Powelson; Fifth Ward,

PROMINENT PfiOPLE OF PROVO.

J. H. McEwan, George S. Taylor; Superintendent Water-
works, J. E. Armistead; Quarantine Physician, Dr. F. W.
Taylor; Road Supervisor, Jorgen Hanson; Watermaster,
Henry Goddard; City Sexton, W. J. Taylor; Fire Chief , Leo
Bean.

208 VTAH AS IT IS.

LOGAN CITY.

* THIS beautiful place was founded in June, 1859.
so rapidly that in April, i86i,it was divided into four Bishop's
wards, and the growth has continued steadily, as it properly
might, being the center of one of the richest agricultural and
stock-raising districts in the entire West, besides being blessed
with a number of pushing, enterprising men. It is one of the
four Temple cities of the State and contains besides one of
the largest and handsomest tabernacles in the State.

The following, from the Deseret News, tells the rest of
the story as well as it can be done:

"Chief among the cities of Cache valley, and the great
center of learning and trade, is Logan, the peerless Queen
City of northern Utah. It is situated on the east side of the
valley on a commanding slope and three hills. The Logan
river pours its rich burden of life-giving water out of the
mountains, and Logan has ample water supply for her do-
mestic use. lawns, tree-lined walks and spreading fields. This
little city has made enormous progress in the past year or
two, and is taking on metropolitan airs. Seven blocks of
sidewalks have recently been paved with cement, and there
is talk of two narrow sidewalk pavements on each side of
Center street from Main to the depot, seven blocks. Fully
twenty-five business blocks have been erected in the central
part of town during the past two years, and Main and Center
streets and a portion of Fifth North street, adjacent to the
main business block, now present a handsome appearance.

"Under the enterprising direction of Mayor Hansen and
the Logan city council a boulevard has been built from the
center of town to a point near the Agricultural College, and
it is proposed to complete it to that institution at an early date.
Three rows of trees were set out, enclosing a walk and a
driveway, and in the years to come the beautiful embowered
avenue, overlooking a charming pastoral scene, will be a

THE PRINCIPAL CITIES. 209

monument to the foresight of Logan's present efficient city
officers.

"Logan is the distributing point for the valley. Shoppers
come from a distance of five to twenty miles in almost every
direction to do their trading at the large mercantile, clothing,
furniture, jewelry, drug and other business establishments of
the city.

"If Logan is prouder of one thing more than another it
is her magnificent educational facilities.

"Foremost is the grand Agricultural College of Utah,
with its thousand acres of land, its dozen handsome buildings,
its forty qualified instructors, and its five hundred bright
students. Next is the great Brigham Young College, with
thirty well educated instructors, five hundred students, and
ample buildings and acreage. The New Jersey Academy is
a well equipped college and has six instructors and a hundred
students. In the Logan district schools, one thousand two
hundred children are taught by twenty-five able instructors."

The city was incorporated in 1866, Alvin Crockett being
the first mayor. Following are the present officers (1903):
Mayor, Lorenzo Hansen; Attorney,}. C. Walters; Recorder,
Hattie Smith; Treasurer, Hannah H. Jacobsen; Physician,
D. C. Budge; Marshal, Emer Crockett; Road Supervisor,
Samuel Holt; Sexton, Knud Peterson; Justice, H. A. Peder-
son; Poundkeeper, John H. Gnehm; Fire Chief, C. B. Rob-
bins; Building Inspector, Albert Berntsen; Surveyor, K. C.
Schaub. Councilmen — E. W. Robinson, Absalom Burris,
Lorenzo Benson, T. A. Thoresen. C. H. Baker, John Quayle,
Casper Hoffman, T. H. Smith, N. M. Hanson, P. M. Niel-
sen.

THE TELEGRAPH.

ADVENT AND GROWTH OF THIS GREAT
FEATURE OF CIVILIZATION.

THE subject of communication with the outside world is
ever an important one with colonists, and to none of
these was it ever more so than to those who first peopled Utah.
Having established themselves in their new and permanent
homes, and beheld the nucleus planted here expanding and
ramifying day by day, the feeling of isolation, while bringing
with it a sense of security from mobs and immunity from or-
ganized lawlessness, was by no means completely comfortable.
It has previously been suggested that the Pioneers had effected
a physical separation, but many soulful ties and ineradicable
memories remained. The desire to know wnat former friends
were doing, how they were getting along, and that thirst which
comes of a learning of the ways and means of mankind through
education and association were all inextinguishable, and every
proposition looking to the advancement of means by which
private and public intelligence could be transmitted, received
all the encouragement which a people not yet reclothed with
the ability to do, which they were compelled to leave behind,
could give. At such a time the words "Overland Mail" had
a sound which for a long time the substance failed to justify-
It has already been stated how uncertain, slow-going, few and
far between were the trips which the Government established
between Salt Lake City and the Eastern frontier, but the men-
tion was so brief that the mind of the reader could not have

1HE TELEGRAPH. 211

been brought to anything like a realization of the situation
while surrounded by such splendid postal service as prevails
nowadays. It is not to be inferred from all this that the
blame was altogether, if even partly upon the Government,
which did all along what was doubtless represented to it as
the best that could be done under the circumstances. Staging
in the earlier days was a laborious, tedious and dangerous
undertaking, the unseen escorts in the persons of white men
aided by red ones becoming steadily more and more numerous,
.and only awaiting favorable opportunities when there was any-
thing likely to be profitable to swoop down on the coaches
bearing death and destruction along with them. These un-
certainties, delays and dangers coupled with the desire for
.something better, set the inventive faculties to work, the result
being the establishment of what soon became a popular and
world-renowned mode of communication, the Pony Express,
previously spoken of.

The passing of the "pony" was one of the sounds that
echoed from the border-land late in the spring time of 1861.
He had seemingly become an indispensable factor in our
growing civilization, but as the mule train cannot do business
when there is a railroad to do it, so cannot a pony express
•continue when brought into competition with harnessed light-
ning. A charter had been granted by Congress to Edward
Creighton of Omaha for the construction and operation of a
transcontinental telegraph system, and the line was reaching
us from both directions. About the middle of July the
superintendent of construction for this division, whose name
was James Street, set up the first pole on Main Street of Salt
Lake City, at a point opposite to where is now a mercantile
•establishment just north of the Deseret National Bank. In
the building which then occupied the ground the first tele-
graph office was established. Piece by piece were the pony's
runs curtailed and little by little were ,the pauses occurring
after the different dates in the dispatches shortened, showing
in an unmistakable manner the gradual approach of the elec-

212 UTAH AS IT IS.

trie messenger. Finally the line builders out of this city made
connection with those coming from the East, and on the i7th
of October the instruments were put in place, the first click
announcing the annihilation of time and space between the
great East and the far West sounded and recorded another
grand epoch entered upon in the onward march of our inland
empire.

The superintendent having tendered to President Young
the privilege of sending the first message over the wire, he at
once drafted a congratulatory dispatch to the President of
the (then) Pacific Telegraph company, which concluded with
the assuring words that Utah had not seceded but was firm
for the Constitution and laws of the land, adding that the Ter-
ritory was warmly interested in such enterprises as the one
then completed. This dispatch was dated the day following
the actual completion of the eastern division of the system,
at which time naturally everything was in better working
order and was as stated the first message ever sent by tele-
graph from this city. A little more than fourteen years had
elapsed since the sender, weary from exposure, hardships and
unremitting endeavor in behalf of his people, had set his foot
upon the soil, a period within which a hundred souls had be-
come a hundred thousand, a thousand dollars in values had
swollen a thousand times, the rigors and rebuffs of nature
were overcome, and one of man's greatest achievements in
the dissemination of intelligence had placed him and his again
within the charmed circle of progressive civilization. These
and many other thoughts must have surged through his mind
as the consummation which gladdened his heart was brought
before him and the means placed at his disposal of sending
back with the speed of a sunbeam a greeting to the land
where he and those of his faith were not permitted to live,,
enjoy peace and pursue paths of happiness. What a history
it all was, and how impossible is it to grasp with a mental
effort the fullness of its consequences!

To the message of President Young a courteous reply

THE TELEGRAPH. 213

made by President Wade, his words being fervent with
friendliness and esteem and expressive of the greatest good
for all concerned.

Immediately after the transmission of the first message,
a second one was dispatched, this to President Abraham Lin-
coln at Washington and signed by Frank Fuller, acting Gov-
ernor of the Territory. This was much more effusive, con-
taining extravagant protestations of loyalty and bristling with
such patriotic periods as must have warmed up the wire along
which they sped. Of course it was a great occasion and doubt-
less the Governor was trying to be equal to it, but I am some-
what of the opinion that a careful analysis would show that
he got a little beyond it. A very brief, modest reply was re-
ceived on the 2Oth, as follows:

"WASHINGTON, D. C.,

"Oct. 2oth, 1861.
"Hon. Frank Fuller, Acting Governor of Utah Territory:

"SiR — The completion of the telegraph is auspicious of
the stability and union of the Republic. The Government re-
ciprocates your congratulations.

"ABRAHAM LINCOLN."

Not a great deal of commercial business was done for a
while, as may readily be understood. Congratulations, felici-
tations, greetings and all that sort of thing had to be attended
to, and there was much reason for it. Utah had taken on an
added dignity and made a plunge toward the fore by reason
of the telegraph's advent, and it was clearly impossible to
appreciate the occasion more than its importance justified.
The good and patient people of this tried and true common-
wealth now began to reap some reward of their patient, plod-
ding industry and uncomplaining seclusion from the busier
haunts of men. They were at last in instantaneous commun-
ication with the world at large. The news no longer bore
the date of several days previously, but of the same day, and
noL infrequently the same hour relatively as when received.

214 UTAH AS IT IS.

It was a mighty transition, sure enough, but it was not
the end by a great deal — rather the commencement of the~
improved order of things. With that keen insight into the
needs of the people and that class of statesmanship which
recognizes the hand of progress in the mortal status, making
the luxury of yesterday the necessity of today, President
Young was not long in devising the ways and means by which
the whole of the Territory should be joined in the mystic tie
which made us in point of inter-communication a part and
parcel of the world at large. We must have a telegraph line
all to ourselves! Of course so grand a step forward could not
come immediately, but it is a belief founded upon the strongest
kind of circumstantial evidence that the first communications
were no sooner passed over the Pacific Telegraph wires than
the great leader determined then and there to extend the field
of electric transmission on his own and the people's account,
just so soon as the means for doing it could be raised. In the
latter part of 1865, the scheme took shape in the issuance of
a circular letter from the President's office to the bishops of
the different settlements, requesting their aid and co-operation
in the matter. The replies were spontaneous and hearty and
the success of the project was thus assured beforehand. With-
out waiting for the enterprise to take on material shape,
the President took time by the forelock in the establishment
of a telegraph school wherein such of the young men as de-
sired to do so might become measurably proficient in the art
of reading by sound, and thus have everything in readiness
for business so soon as the construction was completed. This
school was held first in Brigham's family schoolhouse which
then stood near the Eagle Gate, but subsequently it was re-
moved. The school contained about thirty pupils, who re-
ceived practical instructions with real instruments, the teacher
being John C. Clowes, an operator of the Pacific Telegraph
office. Everything being in readiness the line of the Deseret
Telegraph Company was formally opened on December ist,
1866. E. -C. Stickney, superintendent of construction and

THE TELEGRAPH. 215-

also an operator, proceeded to Ogden and set up the instru-
ments there, then awaited the electric flash from Salt Lake
which was not long in coming. Mr. Clowes opened the office
here and all the others save the one at Ogden. The former
was located in the President's office and at the appointed time
the sharp click of the "sounder" announced everything in
readiness and the usual messages of congratulation passed.
Another step forward was gained.

The offices to the north were opened first, then came the
greater task of putting the long southern division of the wire
in working order. Provo received the first attention, then
Payson, Nephi, Scipio, Fillmore, Cove Creek, Beaver, Paro-
wan, Kanarrah, Toquerville, Washington and St. George in
turn. From each of these the usual expressions of congratu-
lation and thankfulness were transmitted and appropriate re-
plies received.

The company was duly incorporated on the i8th of De-
cember, with the following officers: Brigham. Young, president;.
Daniel H. Wells, vice-president; William Clayton, secretary;
George Q. Cannon, treasurer; A. M. Musser, superintend-
ent. The latter continued in office for several years, and al-
though at first a total stranger to the telegraphic code and .
the "inner workings" of the system, he progressed in the
matter of acquiring the needed intormation quite rapidly and
in addition to efficiency gave the whole system a business-like
attention which under the circumstances could scarcely have
been surpassed, and he was quite popular with the employees
of the company. Under his superintendency the Deseret
branched out until it became a great deal more than a merely
local enterprise. In 1871 it was extended from St. George to
Pioche, Nevada, where its advent was hailed with a grand ac-
claim on the part of the previously isolated people, and where
it made money "hand over fist," something it had never done
in Utah. For two years the Pioche office took in from $2,000
to $3,000 per month, a business which was altogether too-
brilliant not to attract attention, and then came a competing.

216

UTAH AS IT IS.

line on the part of the Western Union. It struck the camp
about the time it commenced to go down, and of course a
divided business in a declining town made a great change for

the worse; but the Deseret
had got the cream of what
there was going and could
better stand the falling off
than the other line could.
Through the superintend-
ent's foresight and enter-
prise, the treasury of the
company had become some-
thing more than a name with-
out substance; but he did not
stop with one such achieve-
ment. Branch lines were
constructed to Alta — then a
very flourishing camp — Tin-
tic, Star district and other
places, all of which did a
good business for some time.

Mr. Musser was succeeded in 1876 by William B. Dougall,
a very capable business man and a practical operator in the
front rank of efficiency. The entire system was sold to the
Western Union in February, 1900.

A. MILTON MUSSER.

THE RAILROAD.

ITS INCEPTION, GROWTH AND PRESENT
PROPORTIONS.

IT WOULD be manifestly impossible for one who was not
here when there were no railroads to grasp in its fullness
the greatness of the transformation which the rails have
wrought. How true it is that the first locomotive bell which
resounded in the gorges of the Wasatch mountains tolled the
death knell of old conditions, while at the same time signal-
izing with joyous notes the ushering in of the new! No more
the wearisome, long drawn-out marches from frontier to
frontier, sore footed, wearied, worn and wan, with months of
time consumed, means squandered and opportunities deferred
or lost; no more prohibitive tariffs on the necessaries of life
with the use of luxuries restricted to the very few; no longer
living in the shadow of civilization, but basking in its full-orbed
glow ! The change was so sudden and yet so complete that
it seemed almost like waking from a dream, or like passing
into another sphere of existence; and yet it had come so
quietly, so apparently naturally, that the marvel was no sooner
upon us than it had passed away. What an adaptable, ad-
justable creature the human animal is!

The subject of a transcontinental railway was agitated
for years before the scheme began to take shape. The first
thing that was done in a practical way was by Brigham Young
in 1847, when at the head of his band of exiles he was plod-
ding his weary way hither. For hundreds of miles he marked

218 UTAH AS IT IS.

out and followed the way which many years later became the
roadbed of the great Pacific railroad. Seven years after the
people had settled Utah, to wit, on January 31, 1854, a mass
meeting was held in Salt Lake City to agitate the building
of the road, regarding which a bill had been presented by
Thomas H. Benton in the U. S. Senate four years previously,
but it came to nothing, although there were, by the time the
mass meeting was held, no less than seven distinct surveys in
existence, one of which was that of Captain Stansbury, made
on his return East from Utah.

A bill for a Pacific railroad finally got through Congress
and was signed by President Lincoln on July i, 1862. It
gave a bonus of $16,000 a mile, and every odd-numbered
section of land for ten miles on each side of the track. The
first spadeful of dirt was turned at Omaha on December 2,
1863, the company having been organized in New York in
September. 1862. Nothing more was done till the next year,
when, Congress having added some sweetening by way of other
inducements, the great work was begun in earnest. At the
celebration held in Omaha, when ground was first broken,
George Francis Train created amusement and derision by
predicting that the road would be completed by 1870, several
years less than the time limit given by Congress. The eccen-
tric orator proved to be a better guesser than those who
ridiculed him, the time set by him not being exhausted by
some eight months.

The Central Pacific, which began in California and worked
easterly, was a private and, for some time, unsubsidized com-
pany, but later it fell in for its share of the good things granted
by the Government to the Union Pacific, as the Eastern com-
pany was called. The Central organized in 1861 and work
was commenced on January 8. 1863. The Eastern road
reached Ogden on March 8, 1869, at 11.30 a. m., amid general
rejoicing and a great celebration. It was pushed right along
and finally met the Central at Promontory Point, at the northern
end of Great Salt Lake, on May 10 following, where another

THE RAILROAD. 219

celebration occurred, both roads bringing crowds of people.
Speechmaking, music, and driving of a gold, a silver, and a
gold, silver and iron spike, were the features. The writer
was there right on the heels of the proceedings, but those
spikes had already been removed.

It might as well be mentioned here as elsewhere, that
millions have been expended by the Union Pacific during the
past few years in the improvement of its line and cutting out
curves, grades, etc.; one of its great achievements being the
completion of Leamington cut-off, making a straight line to
southern Utah. Also, millions have been expended on the
Central Pacific for the same purpose, including the Ogden
and Lucin cut-off across the northern end of the Great Salt
Lake, making a difference of forty-two miles in one hundred
and forty-nine.

The Union Pacific and Central Pacific were married one
day and divorced the next. There was considerable conten-
tion as to a junction point, since Promontory, the place of
meeting, was quite impossible because unwatered, untreed,
unfruitful, unpromising and many things that were undesirable.
Corinne, an outgrowth of the railway's advent in Box Elder
county, was settled upon, but it did not take long for those
who were on the lookout to discover that Mahomet was not
drawing the mountain to him and therefore the part of wis-
dom was to have Mahomet go to the mountain. So Ogden
was finally settled upon, but not until all sorts of schemes had
been tried to fix matters otherwise. Relying upon the per-
manency of the new town as the meeting point many invest-
ments involving in the aggregate considerable sums were
made, and the railway officials helped as much as they could,
even for some time not stopping their trains at Ogden at all.
But experiments which fail to make the income equal the out-
lay must pall at last upon the strongest corporations, and so
it came about that Ogden finally came into her rightful inher-
itance and a good thing it has proved for both parties. The
general proceedings looking to the keeping out in the cold of

220 UTAH AS IT IS.

everything not established by the railway managers were ex-
pensively abortive and on the whole about as absurd as an
opera. Of course all this has nothing to do with the more
recent management, particularly the present one, which is
capable at every point, discreet and progressive.

UTAH CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN.

OGDEN was not destined to remain long the coupling
point of but two roads with Salt Lake not even a way station;
for on the 8th day of March. 1869, the Utah Central road,
having in view the rail connection of the metropolis with the
transcontinental lines, was organized; work was begun May
17, 1869, and being a short cry was finished on January 10,
1870. On the occasion a great crowd assembled on the ground
where now stands ihe Oregon Short Line depot, speeches
were made, glorifications of various kinds were indulged in
and the last spike was triumphantly sent home under a ham-
mer wielded by President Brigham Young, a gentleman who
has been occasionally referred to elsewhere in these pages.
It was regarded as a great day, which in good truth it was,
though compared with some later culminations, it was not
•per se so consequential, being much more entitled to the des-
ignation -Short Line" than the road which eventually acquired
it, the latter being in reality rather a long line, all things con-
sidered.

The organization consisted of Brigham Young, George
Q. Cannon, Joseph A. Young, Daniel H. Wells, Christopher
Layton, Bryant Stringham, D. F. Kimball, Isaac Groo, D. O.
Calder, George A. Smith, John Sharp, William Jennings,
Feramorz Little and J. T. Little.

The great and good work was not permitted to stand still.
On January 17, 1871, the Utah Southern, an extension of the
Central, was decided upon and a company was thereupon

THE RAILROAD. 221

organized. This contained many of the above named persons.
It was completed (its terminal being Juab station, Juab Co.)
on June 13, 1879. Subsequently the road was extended to
Frisco, Beaver county.

OREGON SHORT LINE.

IT CAME to pass in the going and coming of things that
the pioneer road across the eastern pampas broke apart and
became two systems instead of one, this occurring on March
16, 1897, whereby the Oregon Short Line was eventuated,
one of its eastern terminii being at Granger, Wyoming, the
other at Ogden.* (The Central Pacific had previously
became the Southern Pacific). It has a trackage of 1698
miles and an army of employes, the number averaging stead-
ily during the year 4898. The capitalization is $27,460,100
at $100 per share. It operates 178 locomotives, 1146 pas-
senger cars, and 5,871 freight and miscellaneous cars. The
Short Line is the onlv road through Northern Utah, Idaho
and Southern Montana, whereby it has a field that is vast and
constantly growing. Its service in point of security, celerity
and certainty is not excelled by that of any in the country.
The officers areas follows:

President — S. H. Harriman, 120 Broadway, New York.
Vice President — Wm. D. Cornish, New York.

Vice President and Gen. Manager — W. H. Bancroft, Salt Lake City.
Local Treasurer — Chas. H. Jenkinson, Salt Lake City, Utah.
Treasurer — F. V. S. Crosby, 120 Broadway, New York.
Secretary — Alex. Millar, 120 Broadway, New York.
General Manager and Supt. Telegraph— E. E- Calvin, Salt Lake City.
Acting Traffic Manager — T. M. Schumacher, Salt Lake City.
Assistant General Freight Agent — J. A.. Reeves, Salt Lake City, Utah.
Gen. Pass, and Ticket Agent — D. E. Burley,Salt Lake City.
Assistant General Pass, and Ticket Agent — D. S. Spencer, Salt Lake
City

Car Accountant — A. F. Brewer, Salt Lake City.

* The division is understood to be more or less nominal, the U. P. practi-
cally owning the O. S. L. as well as the Oregon R. R. and Navigation Co.

222

UTAH AS IT IS.

Consulting Engineer— J. B. Berry, Omaha, Neb.
Resident Engineer— Win. Ashton, Salt Lake City.
Division Engineer — J. P. Condon, Pocatello, Idaho.
General Purchasing Agent— I. O. Rhoades, Salt Lake City.
Storekeeper— F. W. Taylor, Pocatello, Idaho.
Supt. Motive Power and Machinery— J. F. Dunn, Salt Lake City.
Auditor— C. J. McNitt, Salt Lake City.

Superintendents— H. W. Henderson, Salt Lake City; E. C. Manson.
Pocatello, Idaho; G. H. Olmstead, Pocatello. Idaho.

BEAR RIVER CANYON, ON THE OREGON SHORT I<INE.

Master Mechanics— D, J. Malone, Pocatello, Idaho; W. J. Tollerton, Salt
Lake City.

District Foremen— Henry C. Carrick, Montpelier, Idaho; Sam'l Smith,
Lima, Mont.; M. J. Carrigan, Glens Ferry, Idaho.

Foremen Painters— F. C. Mallard, Pocatello, Idaho; J. A. Stahle, Salt
Lake City, Utah.

Supts. Bridges and Build'gs— J. A. Weed and S. M. Bennett, Pocatello,
Idaho.

Roadmasters — C. H. Renfro, Montpelier, Idaho; H. Byrne, Pocatello,
Idaho; Con. Connors, Nampa, Idaho; J. McEntee, Salt Lake City, Utah;
J. Rourke, Milford, Utah; F. McGonigle, Pocatello.Idaho; Wm. Picker, Salt
Lake City, Utah; H. McGonigle, Lima, Mont.

The Short Line inherited several absorptions previously

THE RAILROAD. 223

made by the Union Pacific, these being the Utah Central,
Utah Southern, Utah and Northern and Utah and Nevada
roads, as well as connecting at Nephi with the Sanpete Valley
road, besides spurs too numerous to mention. It has a great
loop in the central portion of the State, one of the foci being
Salt Lake City, the other Leamington station, Millard county,
the circuit comprising a trackage of some 300 miles. From
the latter point it proceeds as a single track on its grand
march to Los Angeles and the Pacific, the track at this writ-
ing being some distance inside the Nevada line and moving
steadily along.*

SOUTHERN PACIFIC (CENTRAL PACIFIC).

As PREVIOUSLY set forth this company (the Central Pacific)
began as an individual, unsubsidized enterprise and was work-
ing its slow way eastward when the Union Pacific began
turning up the soil on the banks of the Missouri river. That
it subsequently came in for a share of the indispensable help
extended by the Government is also shown; but undoubtedly
it would have reached us later and then continued its onward
march to the East if it had not received a cent in the way
of direct aid from Uncle Sam. It had the right kind of people
in the organization to see to that. With its extensions, it now
operates 1804 m^es of trackage, besides ferry and water lines
amounting to 318 miles. On the ist of April, 1885, it was
leased to the Southern Pacific Company for a period of 99
years and by the latter title it is now commonly known. The
Central Pacific Railway Co. was organized under the laws of
this State on July 29, 1899, and acquired title to all properties
and roads owned by the Central Pacific Railroad Co. Its car

* The Short Line system south of Sandy and west of Salt Lake was pur-
chased on July 7, 1903, by W. A. Clark, and immediately became the
northern division of the San Pedro, Los Angeles and Salt Lake road, q. v.

224

UTAH AS IT IS.

inventory shows 177 passenger, 5 chair, 14 tourist, 10 dining,
23 passenger and baggage, 52 baggage, mail and express, 26
postal, 10 business, 5 composite, 77n freight, 325 service;
total, 8,356. Besides which the company owns and operates
5 passenger ferry steamers, 2 car transfer steamers, 5 river
steamers, i tug. 4 barges and 2 dredges.

The whole authorized issue of stock is $20,000,000 pre-
ferred and $67,275,500 common. The officers are:

President, E. H. Harriman Arden, New York

Vice-President, Charles H. Tweed : New York

Treasurer, N. F. Smith San Carlos, California

Secretary, J. L. Willcut San Francisco

Assistant Secretary, David R. Gray Salt Lake City

The foregoing with H.E.Huntington, New York, Thomas

Marshall, D. B. Hemp-
stead, J. C. Royle, Salt
LakeCiy;W.H.Chev-
ers and J. S. Noble,
Ogden, Utah, are the
directors. The Salt
Lake office is at No.
201 South Main Street.
The only one of the
officials, as will be ob-
served above (unless
directors can be so
classed) who resides in
Salt Lake City is David
R. Gray, an excellent
cut of whom appears
in this connection. He

DAVID R. GRAY. is also the general agent

here, and holds the

same position in relation to the Union Pacific, the Oregon
Short Line and the Oregon Railway and Navigation compa-
nies, so it is easy to determine that he does not have many idle

THE RAILROAD. 225

moments on his hands. He is a young man and a native of
Ohio, having been born at Loveland on October 12, 1866.
He was educated at the Wesleyan University, Delaware, that
State, and entered the railroad service in 1884, as a clerk with
the Pennsylvania company, remaining there till 1886, when
he took a term in college, remaining there until 1889. He
then went to the general freight office of the Southern Pacific
in San Francisco as a clerk, and remained there till 1890, when
he accepted a position as contracting and traveling agent with
headquarters in Salt Lake City, becoming then general agent
in 1891 of the Southern Pacific company, and in 1901 of the
Harriman system, made up by the Union Pacific, Southern
Pacific, Oregon Short Line and Oregon Railway and Navi-
gation company and their controlled rail aad steamship lines.
In November, 1900, Mr. Gray was married to Miss
Nannie H. Marshall, daughter of Thomas Marshall, attorney
for Southern Pacific company, of the firm of Marshall
and Royle, both directors in the Central Pacific. He
has been in the railroad business so long that young as he
is, he is entitled to rank as a veteran; and having become a
thorough Salt Laker by residence, adoption and marriage, he
may fairly be considered as uone of us." He is undoubtedly
in Utah for good — for his own good and the State's good, and
undoubtedly has a big and fertile field in which to continue
his useful operations.

RIO GRANDE WESTERN.

THIS great system was originally a part of its present
eastern connection, the Denver and Rio Grande, which was
completed to Salt Lake City on March 30, 1883. It was a
narrow gauge and was so conducted for several years, v. hen
the work of broad-gauging was successfully accomplished and
th« breaking away occurred soon after. It is one of the best

226

UTAH AS II IS.

equipped, most expeditious and reliable roads in the country,
and part of its way is through scenery which to one who is

MAP OP THE

RIO GRANDE WESTERN RY.

GREAT SALT LAKE ROUTE

MAP OF RIO GRANDE WESTERN SYSTEM.

not familiar with it is alone worth the price of a trip. It has
spacious offices and a goodly corps of officials in the Dooly
block, Salt Lake City.

The progress of the Rio Grande Western Railway, the
"scenic line of the world," has noted the progress of the State;
its enterprise has marked the enterprise of the people; its in-
terests and those of the people it serves are recognized as iden-
tical. It operates in connection with the Rock Island, Bur-
lington, Missouri Pacific and Santa Fe routes. It operates
throughout the entire middle portion of this State, and is rap-
idly reaching out in all directions. A map of its trackage
appears in connection herewith.

The principal officers and all of them that are located in
Utah are as follows:

George J. Gould, Chairman Board Directors New York City

E. T. Jeffery, President New York City

Russell Harding, V. P. and Gen'l Mgr St Louis

A. C. Bird, Vice-President Chicago

J. M.Johnson, Asst. to Vice-President Chicago

J. A. Edson, Manager Denver

J. W. Gilluly, Treasurer Denver

THE RAILROAD. 227

Jesse White, Ass't Treasurer New York

Stephen Little, Secretary New York

W. F. Colton, Cash'r and Ass't Sec'y Salt Lake City

E. R. Murphy, General Auditor Denver

S. W. Meyer, Auditor Disbursements Denver

F. M. Dewees, Auditor Freight Receipts Denver

J. F. Howe, Auditor Passenger Receipts Denver

Edward O. Wolcott, General Counsel Denver

W. S. Pierce, Counsel New York City

Joel F. Vaile, General Attorney Denver

R. Harkness, Western Solicitor Salt Lake City

Bennett, Sutherland, Van Cott & Allison, Attorneys Salt Lake City

J. H. Young, Gen'l Supt Salt Lake City

E H. Williams, Ass't Supt. ist Dist Salt Lake City

A. S Hughes, General Traffic Manager Denver

S. H. Babcock, Ass't Gen'l Traffic Mgr Salt Lake

Fred Wild, Jr., Gen'l Freight Agent Denver

S. V. Derrah, Ass't Gen'l Fr't Agt Salt Lake City

LOOP, TINTIC LINE, R. G. W.

S. K. Hooper, Gen'l Pass, and Tkt. Agt .. Denver

E. J. Yard, Chief Engineer Denver

J. L. Thomson, Supervisor Bridges and Building Salt Lake City

John Hickey, Msir. Mechanic Salt Lake City

G. F. Cotter, Trainmaster Salt Lake City

G. Nell, Chief Dispatcher Salt Lake City

W. B. Glardon/Supt. Telegraph Denver

L. F. Jordan, General Storekeeper Burnham

J.- D. Kenworthy, Gen'i Agent Freight Department Kansas City

228

UTAH AS IT IS.

J. A. Benton, Gen'l Agent Passenger Department Kansas City

J. H. Dewey, Jr., Traveling Freight Agent Salt Lake City

E. R. Hunt, Traveling Freight Agent Ogden

Castilla Springs, a noted pleasure resort and sanitarium,
situated in a romantic spot in Spanish Fork canyon, is an adjunct
of the R. G. W. Here many people visit to spend vacations
or enjoy a temporany relief from the vexations of the world,
and it is a favorite gathering place for pleasure parties of
various kinds.

ILLINOIS CENTRAL.

THERE are several railroads whose active operations in
Utah are through connections, these being in every case so

ILLINOIS CENTRAL STATION.

THE RAILROAD. 229

complete and thorough that they amount to everything
required. Each maintains an office with a force of represen-
tatives in this city, and by such and other means they have
become quite thoroughly localized. Prominent among these
is the one named above, the Illinois Central, a cut of whose
magnificent Chicago building appears in connection herewith.
The Central is one of the oldest, staunchest and best known
of all the lines with which Utah has business relations, and it
continues as it has all along done, adding to its equipment as
occasion requires, improving its service, and in all respects
conforming to the changing conditions wrought by the en-
hanced population and extended development of the country.
It has the enormous trackage of 5500 miles, reaching to South
Dakota, Minnesota, Nebraska, Iowa, Indiana, Kentucky, Wis-
consin, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi and Louisiana, be-
sides, as its name implies, making the complete circuit of its
own State, Illinois. Its Salt Lake office is at 75 west, Second
South street, and is presided over in a very effective and aff-
able way by Mr. J. A. Foley.

The general officers of the company otherwise are as
follows:

Stuyvesant Fish, President New York

John C. Welling, Vice- President Chicago

J. T. Harahan, Vice-President Chicago

A. G. Hackstaff, Vice-President and Secretary New York

I. G Rawn, Assistant to the Second Vice-President, Chicago, 111.

W. G. Bruen, Assistant Secretary Chicago

C. H. Wenman, Assistant Secretary New York

J. M. Dickingson, General Counsel, Chicago, 111.

T. J. Hudson, Traffic Manager, Chicago, 111.

F. B. Bowes, Assistant Traffic Manager, Chicago, 111.

A. H. Hanson, General Passenger Agent, Chicago, 111.

W. E. Keepers, Gen. Fht Agt. No. & West. Lines... Chicago, 111.

H. G. Powell, Traveling Freight and Passenger Agent Salt Lake City

G. M. Fraser, Chief Clerk Salt Lake City

The general commercial agent of the company, Mr. J.
A. Foley, is one of the youngest men in the service and there

230 UTAH AS IT IS.

are few if any younger in any service who hold such re-
sponsible stations. He was
born in Ottawa, Illinois, on
the 8th of January, 1877. He
went to the common schools
of his neighborhood up to
the age of fifteen years, then
went to the high school for
two years, after which he
went to work for the Rock
Island road, with which he
remained two years. He then
entered the service of the
Northwestern in Chicago,
where he stayed one year,
and then engaged with the

Central with which he has
j. A. FOUJY. •.£»'•

been ever since. Coming

to Salt Lake City on September i, 1902, he took charge of
the office here as general agent. He is a fair example of
what can be done by the American youth by attention to
business along with sterling merit and persistent endeavor;
his beginning in the railway service was as stenographer, type-
writer and telegraph operator. He is a good citizen and
works for a good company.

The business transactions of the Illinois Central in Utah
and the surrounding territory amount to a stupendous figure
every year and, like everything else, they are growing and
expanding at a wonderful rate. The story of these great en-
terprises is a part and parcel of the story of Utah and as such
is entitled to the fullest possible mention.

SALT LAKE AND LOS ANGELES.

THIS road has so far not made any practical headway in
the direction of Los Angeles, having in fact got no further

THE RAILROAD. 231

than Saltair, some thirteen miles straight west from Salt
Lake City, but this is an elegant stopping place for the
time being, as many thousands of people here and elsewhere
will cheerfully testify. The road was begun on September
25, 1891, and finished in the fall of 1892. After covering the
mainland the train runs over a track constructed on piles a
distance of 4000 feet into the lake, where the pavilion is reached,
the various buildings of which form a symmetrical group, with
a large central structure connected with long tapering piers
at each end, curving toward the lake and surmounted by large,
airy observatories. The architecture is after the Moorish
style and the general effect is quite attractive. The pavilion
was built at a cost of over $350,000 and was opened to the
public July Fourth, 1893.

The magnitude of this great structure can be appreciated
only when one has seen it. In length it is 1200 feet, while
the extreme width is 355 feet. The top of the main tower is
130 feet above the surface of the water. The lower floor is
used principally for an immense lunch and refreshment bowery,
it being provided with large tables and seats enough to ac-
commodate over a thousand people at one time. The upper
floor of the main building is used for dancing, and is one of
the largest dancing floors in the world, its dimensions being
140x250 feet of clear floor without a pillar or obstruction of
any kind. A thousand couples dancing at one time is a fre-
quent sight to be witnessed at this resort. The dancing floor
is covered with a dome-shaped roof constructed after the plan
of that covering the Salt Lake Tabernacle. On the semi-
circular piers which flank the central pavilion are 720 bath
rooms, every one of which is provided with a first class toilet
and shower bath. The bathing appointments are excellent.

At night the pavilion is brilliantly illuminated by means
of its own electric light plant, there being 1250 incandescent
and 40 ordinary arc lights, with one arc light of 2000 candle
power surmounting the main tower. This immense structure
is supported by 2500 piles, each ten inches in square cross

232 UTAH AS IT IS.

section, which are driven fourteen feet into the lake bottom
and owing to the peculiar nature of the formation the piles
are of unusual stability. It was begun on February i, 1893,
and completed on the soth of June following. The Saltair
officers are Joseph F. Smith, president; John Henry Smith,
vice-president; William McMillan, secretary and treasurer;
J. E. Langford, general manager. The officers of the rail-
way are the same excepting as to the vice-presidency, this
being held by James Jack.

THE NARROW GAUGES.

UTAH has had its full quota of narrow gauge roads, all of
which have now passed into history, having been either broad-
ened into standard gauge or abandoned altogether. Of the
former the most consequential was of course the D. & R. G.;
next was the Utah and Northern. This company was organ-
ized on August 23, 1871, with John W. Young, president and
Wm. B. Preston, vice-president. It was constructed under
great difficulties and made slow advancement. Finally it was
absorbed by Jay Gould and made part of the O. S. L. system.
The next narrow road was the Utah and Nevada, which was
begun in April, 1873. and pushed along without much imped-
iment until it reached a great ridge between Tooele and
Stockton, and there the terminus was established and remained
until superseded by the Leamington cut-off, or western side
of the O. S. L. loop, early in July, 1903. Other roads of like
gauge were the Sanpete Valley, which has been a standard
gauge for several years; the American Fork Canyon, the
Wasatch and Jordan Valley (operating between Sandy and
Little Cottonwood Canyon), and the Bingham Canyon roads.
The first two were long since discontinued, and the latter for
several years has been a broad gauge and part of the Rio
Grande system. There was also another Utah Central oper-
ating between Salt Lake City and Park City, which took up

THE RAILROAD.

233

the name when the pioneer road became part of the Short
Line, and which was also in the narrow gauge class until pur-
chased by the Rio Grande a few years ago, when it was im-
mediately widened out and otherwise improved.

SAI/TAIR BEACH PAVILION.

SAN PEDRO, LOS ANGELES AND SALT LAKE.

THIS great enterprise, being the latest organization of the
kind having practical operation in Utah, has previously been
referred to herein. So recent, in fact, has been its culmina-
tion that it required some little adroitness as well as recasting
of work to make this sketch in this place possible. The
trouble and loss, however, are well compensated for in the
fact that the enterprise is a grand one and means a great
stride forward for the subject in chief to which this volume is
devoted — Utah. As stated, the road south and west of Salt
Lake is what was formerly the Oregon Short Line, this being
the successor of one of the pioneer roads, the Utah Southern,
the change of ownership from the Short Line to the San
Pedro, Los Angeles and Salt Lake Railroad (known as the

234 UTAH AS IT IS.

Salt Lake Route) taking place at midnight on July 7, 1903,
when the trackage with its equipment and franchises was
taken over by Senator W. A.. Clark of Montana, the man to
whom all eyes had been turned for a long time previously.

The two routes from Salt Lake to Lynn Junction, Millard
County, nearly describe a cypher. From Salt Lake south
to Juab and from Salt Lake westerly to the west side of the
Oquirrh range the Salt Lake route proceeds; at Juab the trend
takes a short, sharp curve to the west, that from the range
switching from west to south, and thus the two tracks pro-
ceed until they unite at Lynn Junction, five miles south of
Leamington station, from which point on the track is single
and at this time has no deflection excepting a sixteen mile
spur to Frisco and numerous switches of more or less conse-
quence.

The road is all new, the work of but a few years past,
from Milford, the junction of the spur to Frisco, on to
Calientes, Nevada. This station is but a few miles within
the Nevada line and for the present is the nearest point to
Pioche, that once and doubtless again to be great mining
town, which is distant some thirty miles to the north. The
survey from Calientes on for some two hundred miles is
across a stretch of desert country well sprinkled with oases
and follows for the most part the old Mormon road to San
Bernardino, over which most of the traffic California ward in
the early days was carried on. and the road will be contigu-
ous to if it does not actually reach miny of the mining dis-
tricts already established as well as the numerous ones yet to
be organized and still others not yet discovered. The whole
of this stretch is historic, but the history of much of it has
never been written, while portions might as well not have
been, relating as it does to periods away back in the mists
of antiquity and having been recorded in fanciful hieroglyph-
ics on the adamantine breasts of ridges and cliffs, these being
quite numerous in places along the road. The inevitable
Mormon, with his gregarious instincts, unflagging industry

THE RAILROAD. 235

and unfailing hospitality, is very much in evidence, holding
the fort against surrounding sterility and maintaining the
foundations of what will doubtless some day prove to be
populous towns along the line of and good feeders for the
San Pedro, Los Angeles and Salt Lake Railway.

Goodsprings, one hundred and sixty-one miles from
Calientes, will probably have been reached by the time this
book appears. It is the first point on the line where much
mining has been done, and where it is evident much more
will be done as soon as the railroad is ready for business.
Not many miles from Goodsprings is the famous old Potosi
mine, in the past a phenomenally rich lead property, where
the Mormons got their supply of lead to make bullets of, and
before them the Indians kept themselves stocked from it.
The Keystone, a gold property, employing several men, is
within a few miles across the range. This mine has a mill
and a cynanide plant a few miles further down the valley, and
has been taking out about $1000 a day.

The late Allen G. Campbell, one of the best known of
Salt Lake's mining men, left among his assets some thirty-
eight patented claims in the district, and he regarded them as
very valuable. An extended mention might be made of such
features, but it is unnecessary.

At the other end there is also considerable activity, the
road reaching out to the Nevada line with a steadiness in-
dicating an early closing of the gap between the present
terminii, an event which no longer means a matter of years
but of months, and not very many of them at that. The Los
Angeles division is now being operated for a distance of about
one hundred miles from San Pedro, the Pacific coast terminus,
and it is in all respects an excellent piece of work, the rails
being seventy-five pound steel with patent continuous joints,
while its equipment is Pullman built and fully equal if not
superior to any in the country. The cars are superb in all
their appointments, having large plate glass windows nearly
five feet wide, the largest ever placed in a car, thus afford-

236 UTAH AS IT IS.

ing an unobstructed view of the beautiful scenery on the line of
this new route. No charge is made for seats in these
cars.

The distance from Salt Lake to Los Angeles by the
road will be about seven hundred and twenty-two miles.
Speaking of the traffic which will be opened up between
those two great points, a writer in one of the papers observes
that the importance of this new road is not half understood
by the residents of Salt Lake. It means taking the train in
the evening and arriving in Los Angeles the following even-
ing, or twenty-four hours from the time of starting, and with
the completion of the Moffat road from Denver to Salt Lake,
only about four days from the Atlantic to the Pacific seaboard.
Will it be detrimental to the other railroads? It is not
thought so by those who have given the subject much study.
There will be an increase of business and many of those
traveling over this route going west will return east over
some other system.

The writer becomes enthusiastic, declaring that the im-
portance of the new road to Salt Lake is not even yet dream-
ed of and may not be realized until it is in actual operation,
when its people will wake up some day and find that they
have here a metropolis second to none west of the Missouri
river, with a climate and other natural advantages superior to
them all, and then they will wonder why they didn't see it be-
fore and profit by it.

THE BURLINGTON.

THIS great system is another of those whose Utah traffic
is through connections, these being so systematic in detail
and perfect in execution, that no lapses ever occur.

THE RAILROAD.

237

The system has its terminus at Chicago, and from that
city extends northwest to St. Paul, Minn., southerly to St.
Louis, Mo., westerly to Billings. Mont, Guernsey and Chey-
enne, Wyoming, and to Denver, Colo., from the latter point
reaching Salt Lake City over the lines of the Denver & Rio
Grande and Rio Grande Western railways.

This system holds the world's record for long distance
fast running, having on February 17, 1897, run a special train
from Chicago to Denver,
1025 miles, in 1047 min-
utes, an unparalleled feat in
the history of railroads. Its
lines traverse elven States of
the Union and it controls
and operates 8432 miles of
road. It employs 38,000
men and has 1300 cities and
towns with an aggregate
population of 7,200,000 souls
located on its lines; it owns
1275 engines, 750 passen-
ger coaches and 44,555
freight cars.

The Salt Lake City office
of the company is located
at No. 79 West Second South
street and represented by RICHARD F. NHSMW.

Mr. Richard F. Neslen, a Utah boy who has worked his way
up from the bottom by faithful application and strict attention to
business. He was born in Salt Lake City in June, 1869.
Began railway work in 1885 as messenger boy with the Den-
ver & Rio Grande, where he remained until August, 1888,
then accepted a position with the Burlington as clerk. He
was advanced from one post to another until finally, in May,
1900, he was appointed to his present position, that of Gen-

238 UTAH AS IT IS.

eral Agent. He is a thoroughly efficient and popular offi-
cial.

SALT LAKE AND MERCUR.

THIS is one of the roads illustrating the difficulties and
peculiarities of railway building in the mountainous districts
of the West. The roadbed is almost twice as long as the air-
line distance between the terminal points, these being Fair-
field in Utah County and Mercur, the Johannesburg of Utah,
in Tooele County, the distance first mentioned being fourteen,
the other nine miles. Necessarily the track is as crooked as
a corkscrew and the general view spectacular to a degree.

The road owes its beginning and finish to Joseph G.
Jacobs, one of Utah's go-ahead and do-something citizens, al-
though a native of Ohio. He reached Utah in 1890, where
he has been putting in good time ever since. The line which
connects Mercur with the world was commenced Sept. i,
1894, and finished Feb. 20, 1895. It is one of the best paying
roads in the country, all things considered, and one of the
most altitudinous, its climb from the valley to the heights
.being 1986 feet.

SALT LAKE AND OGDEN.

THIS railroad company was incorporated on March i7th
1896 and construction as far as Farmington was pushed along
without unnecessary hitching. At this point is Lagoon, the
noted summer resort, one of the handsomest, most commod-
ious and best patronized places in the entire West if not in the
whole country. A fine picture accompanies this sketch, and
while at does not do the subject justice it comes as near it as
such a thing can be done on paper. It is fifteen and a half

THE RAILROAD.

239

miles from Salt Lake City and during the warm weather
open-car trains are run almost continuously, so that going and
coming are matters of easy convenience. John S. Critchlow
is President and Manager.

As this is written the track is reaching out toward its

LAGOON RESORT.

northern terminus, Ogden, three and a half miles of track,
taking it to Kaysville, being under construction.

SALT LAKE CITY RAILWAY CO.

BEFORE closing this chapter it is proper to pay some at-
tention to the street railway systems, which so far are included
in but two cities, Salt Lake and Ogden. Both have previous-
ly been referred to briefly and are entitled to elaborate mention.

240 UTAH AS IT IS.

That of Salt Lake City is unquestionably one of the most
comprehensive and extensive of that of any city of similar
proportions in the world. It has eighty miles of trackage,
covering all the principal streets and thoroughly gridironing
the central portions of the city, reaching all points of interest
historical and otherwise. During the pleasant season com-
prising the greater portion of the year, special observation
cars, which are commodious and well appointed, attended by
experienced guides and lecturers, ply throughout the city tak-
ing in all places that tourists and others have any desire to
see, and embracing points of view ot the surrounding country
that are equal to any to be had anywhere. Cars run from
the earliest dawn till the latest hour at which people are mov-
ing, meaning nearly all the time, and the service during the
busier parts of the day is rapid and continuous.

The Consolidated Railway and Power Co. is the union
of four companies which was effected in October, 1901.
Notwithstanding this, the fares have not been raised, and for
five cents one can travel further and more pleasurably than
anywhere else in the country. The officers are C. L. Read.
President; W. P. Read, Vice-President and General Mgr;
Joseph S. Wells, Secy, and Treasurer; A, W. McCune,
Director; C. V. McCune, Director.

SCHOOLS AND SCHOOLING.

RISE, PROGRESS AND PRESENT PROPORTIONS
OF OUR EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM.

FROM the little log schoolhouse of one poorly furnished
room to the educational advantages prevailing in Utah to-
day is a giant stride ;from conditions as primitive as any that ever
imparted th^ rudiments of learning to the youthful mind to a
scholastic system equal to any and superior to many in this
land of education is a transformation so great that only those
who have witnessed the various stages of development can at
all appreciate it, and not all of these perfectly. Fro ma state
of poverty so pronounced that nothing could be drawn from
the public funds for school maintenance to so opulent a con-
dition that but one State in the Union (Nevada) spends more
per capita, and it but a few cents more, is a story at once grati-
fying, instructive and impressive. The amount spent on each
pupil is of course much more; in 1902 the expenditure per
capita of the population was $5.20 and of the pupils $19.10,
the total attendance being 76,446 and the payments $1,459,-
466.06.

The accompanying cut illustrates primitive and present
conditions at a glance, showing the little log schoolhouse of
early days and the splendid, capacious and modern establish-
ment now in vogue. It tells a story of its own.

As in every other department, but a fev. of the institu-
tions of learning can be given elaborate mention, and these
leading ones illustrative of the whole. Most of the others,

SCHOOLS AND SCHOOLING. 243

however, as the University of Utah and Agricultural College,
receive considerable mention of a desultory character in other
chapters.

THE BRIGHAM YOUNG ACADEMY.

BRIGHAM YOUNG never left a nobler monument to his
memory than when he founded the Academy at Provo. But
it is doubtful whether this event in his life would be so con-
spicuous today, were it not that he choee Dr. Karl G. Maeser
to fashion the school and give it the impress of his peculiar
educational genius. To these two men, Brigham Young the
founder and Karl G. Maeser the builder, the people of the
West owe a debt of gratitude which grows in geometrical
ratio as the years advance and the institution unfolds its use-
fulness according to their wise planning.

Dr. Maeser was born on the i6th of January, 1828, in
Meissen, Germany, and graduated from the Dresden Nor-
mal College in May, 1848. He reached Salt Lake City in
the fall of 1860.

His first school was in the i5th ward. "I began teach-
ing," he wrote to a friend, "under conditions so primitive that
teachers of today can have no conception of them." The
salaries of teachers nowadays are generally drawn on a bank;
then they were drawn for the most part on a wheelbarrow.

In the latter part of this epoch, he created and conduct-
ed the first Normal department of the University of Utah.
The crowning work of his life began when he was appointed
principal of the Brigham Young Academy. The institution
was founded October 16, 1876. It began its labors in what
was known as the Lewis Hall, at the corner of Center and
Third West streets. The first floor, consisting of five rooms,
had been built for commercial purposes, the second to serve
as an opera house and with some changes served for nine

SCHOOLS AND SCHOOLING. 245

years. Six months later, on the night of January 24, 1884,
the entire structure was destroyed by fire.

It had been President Young's intention to endow the
school liberally for its future work, and the papers necessary
to this end had been drawn up ready for his signature. Death,
however, cut short his good intentions; so that, aside from a
little real estate in Provo, the school had no other resources
than its own good name, after the fire. It was literally with-
out a home and without the means to rent, buy or build; for
no insurance had been carried on the building just reduced to
ashes. On that memorable morning four hundred students,
many with booksacks in hand, collected only to gaze on the
blackened ruins. Should they go home? What could be done
for a homeless school in the dead of winter? The sequel
proves what may be accomplished by a wide-awake board.
Temporary quarters were obtained, where the school remain-
ed for six years.

But a new building, begun on a slender hope, was near-
ing completion. That the work did not stop when this hope
failed, must ever stand to the honor of the board, the mem-
bers of which pledged their private property that the institu-
tion might have quarters adequate to its needs; and on Mon-
day, January 3, 1892, the faculty and students took a solemn
farewell of the old quarters near the depot and marched to
their new temple of learning, where the Presidency of the
Church, the Governor and other prominent visitors from all
parts of the Territory had assembled to take part in the dedi-
cation services.

Dr. Maeser came to Provo in obedience to a call from
President Brigham Young. He had no other idea to guide
him in creating the institution than the general notion that the
whole man is to be educated; the social, moral and spiritual,
as well as the intellectual. He opened the school with twenty-
nine students and himself as the sole teacher. Dr. M. H.
Hardy was his first assistant. Gradually the school grew so
as to include the instruction now covered by the eight grad

246

U1AH AS IT IS.

and portions of the high school, including theory and practice
of teaching; but the growth of secondary and higher instruc-
tion was slow, principally because the general poverty of the
people made proper preparatory schools elsewhere impos-
sible.

Financially, the Academy may be said to have sprung up
out of the native soil. Think of an institution of secondary

training supporting its teach-
ers and paying for furniture,
supplies and other current
expenses out of tuition; and
this, too, at a time when the
desire for higher education
had largely to be created!
Yet under just such ordeals
of self-sacrifice did Dr. Mae-
ser and his co-laborers bring
the institution forward and
upward for fifteen years.

The first factor in rem-
edying a number of evils
was of course the erection
of the new building, which
provided adequate class-
room and other accommo-
dations; the second was the
financial support rendered by
the Church, whereby the
teaching force was augmented and the Normal courses were
made free; and the third was the establishment of tour year
courses — since increased to seven year — leading to a degree.
Space will not permit extended mention of many other note-
worthy features of the new epoch, inaugurated by Dr.
Maeser's able successor, President Benjamin Cluff, ]r., who
took charge of the institution in 1892. The commercial
courses were segregated and in due time developed into a fully

BENJAMIN CI<UFF, JR.

SCHOOLS AND SCHOOLING. 247

equipped commercial college. With the offering of degrees
came class organizations and the development of class patriot-
ism. The same circumstance led to the inaugural of the
Alumni association, which promises to become a strong
educational support.

The progressive growth of the school may be partly
estimated by the following statistics of enrollment: In the
preliminary term, April-June, 1876, there were in all 59 stu-
dents; in 1876-7, 272 students; in 1881-2, 464 students; in
1886-7, 333 students; in 1889-90, 484 students; in 1892-3,
1219 students; in 1895-6, 951 students; in 1897-8, 914 stud-
ents; in 1898-9, 971 students; in 1899-1900, 1075 students;
and in 1901-2, 147.5 students. The attendance during the
year 1902-1903, was 1622, including the Beaver Branch, in
which number were students from almost every State and
Territory in the West.

Naturally the teaching force has been augmented in a
like ratio, these, for the most part, representing men and
women who, after graduating from the normal courses offered
by the Academy, have taken post-graduate courses in east-
ern and western universities. Thoroughly imbued as they
were with the spirit of the Academy while students, they
work together now in complete harmony as a faculty; and
the new ideas they gained from study in other institutions,
help to invigorate and differentiate their methods to the
great advantage ot the school. It is, moreover, the
policy of the institution to keep a certain number of its
teachers constantly abroad as students, to the end that it may
keep in touch with the foremost educational thought of the
age.

Following are the faculty: Benjamin Cluff, Jr., Nels L.
Nelson, Jos. B. Keeler, George H. Brimhall, O. W. Andelin,
Christina D. Young, Alice Reynolds, Edwin S. Hinckley,
Edward H. Holt, Ernest D. Partridge, Aretta Young, James
L. Brown, Anthon C. Lund, Thomas S. Court, John C.
Swenson, Josiah E. Hickman, Frederick G. Warnick, George

248 UTAH AS IT IS.

M. Cope, Ida S. Dusenberry, Emma S. Simons, Albert Mil-
ler, Edwin H. Smart, Claire W. Reid, Orin W. Jarvis, Joseph
Adams, Thomas W. Smith, Sarah E. Preston, Walter Cluff,
Ella Larson, Susa A. Talmage, Lydia Schramm, Zella Bal-
lard, Effie Howe, Louissa W. Jones, Warren A. Colton, Earl
J. Glade, Lucile Young, Charles E. Maw, May Ward,
Edward H. Eastmond, Orson G. Campbell, John E. Hayes,
Wm. H. Boyle, Jennie Stewart, John Foote, Alfred Osmond,
Judge John E. Booth.

The Missionary School is a department added three years
ago. Its special purpose is to fit young men and women to
preach the Gospel intelligently and effectively. The enroll-
ment is about one hundred and fifty students each year, most
of whom leave the schoolroom for the missionary field.

The College, or department devoted to university work,
is as yet in its infancy, but growing rapidly. The degree of
bachelor of pedagogy was conferred for the first time in 1893,
since which time the degrees of bachelor of science and bach-
elor of letters have been added, but the graduates have not
been numerous. There is, however, an excellent field for
one great Church university, and should the Academy be
chosen for this place, as its unexampled facilities would seem
to point out that it should be^ it will not take long for the
superstructure of the school to be fully worthy of its founda-
tions. In conclusion it may be said that the mission of the
Academy is pre-eminently an ethical one. There are schools
without number which devote themselves to intellectual devel-
opment and technical training in the arts of civilization. The
Academy by no means neglects these aspects; but its first and
foremost purpose is to develop in its students those moral
qualities which collectively may be called CHARACTER — qual-
ities that make up the back-bone of a virile, manhood and
womanhood. Its definition of a true education is not merely
scholarship — which, too often, is an artificial, unrelated thing
— but ability to do the things that need to be done in this
world, accompanied by an unflinching integrity in the doing

SCHOOLS AND SCHOOLING. 249

of them. In the pursuit of this end it has found that the only
safe and enduring foundation is religion — the establishment of
a living spiritual relationship between the man and his Father
in heaven — one that shall be a daily and hourly monitor to
guide and restrain his every thought and act* This funda-
mental principal of instruction may be called the ruling ge-
nius of the school — a legacy from Dr. Karl G. Maeser, to
which it has ever been true and one on which its future
greatness depends.

LATTER-DAY SAINTS UNIVERSITY.

THIS institution at present (1903) occupies six buildings,
namely, the Business College, erected 1901; Barratt Hall,
1902; the Brigham Young Memorial, 1903. These are the
buildings shown in the illustrations. Three other buildings
-the Social Hall and Lion House, of historic note, and the
Gymnasium at the rear of Barratt Hall, are used respectively
for chemical laboratory, industrial and domestic arts, and ath-
letic training.

The new buildings are situated from 60 to 100 North
Main Street, facing the Temple; and it is the intention to
erect two other buildings to complete the plans for the home
of the school.

The institution, formerly known as the Latter-day Saints
College, was organized in November, i88ft, under the name
of the Salt Lake Academy, with Angus M. Cannon, W. B.
Dougall, A. E. Hyde, Spencer Clawson, Francis Cope, Rod-
ney C. Badger, Wm. H. Rowe and Wm. A. Rossiter as
trustees, and Prof. Willard Done as principal. On July 3rd,
1888, the board of education of the Salt Lake Stake was or-
ganized, and placed in control of the institution, which was
then named the Salt Lake Stake Academy. Prof. James E.
Talmage was chosen principal. On May 15, 1889, the name
of the institution was changed to the Latter-day Saints' Col-
ir

250

VI AH AS IT IS.

lege and the standard of instruction raised, no student below
the ninth grade being admitted thereafter. In January, 1892,
Prof. Willard Done succeeded Prof. Talmage as principal.
On October 12, 1895, the trustees changed the title of prin-
cipal to that <of president of the faculty, a college course of
four years, leading to the degree of Bachelor of Philosophy

BUSINESS COIJ,EGE AND B. Y. MEMORIAL.

(Ph. B.) was established, and the grade and character of the
work were further improved. The College became involved
in debt, and in the spring of 1899 most of the teachers en-
gaged elsewhere. President Done resigned, and in July fol-
lowing, Prof. J. H. Paul was elected president. The faculty
was immediately re-organized and the College was again
opened in September, 1899, a^ departments being located in
the Templeton building. That school year was the most
favorable in the history of the institution. Notwithstanding
the lateness of the re-organization, the patrons of the College
rallied to its support, and the registration of students reached

SCHOOLS AND SCHOOLING. 251

a total of five hundred. The quarters in the Templeton be-
came too small, and President Snow advised that these quar-
ters be abandoned. Nothing could be done, therefore, but
quit the Templeton and await the erection of the new build-
ing. The .business department was conducted meanwhile in
the Social Hall, and all other departments opened in the Lion
House, September 20 of that year.

The year was a prosperous one, notwithstanding the un-
favorable conditions. The registration of students reached a
total of five hundred and sixty-six, the courses of study were
strengthened and the students more strictly classified. The
next year, however, was more favorable than any of the for-
mer years. The enlarged faculty of instruction and the more
ample accommodations resulted in the enrollment of more
than a thousand students; while last year witnessed an enroll-
ment of twelve hundred and thirty-one students, mostly of
high school grade, and ranging in age from fifteen to forty
years.

The University is organized under the laws of the State
of Utah, by articles of incorporation that define its powers,
prescribe its duties, and indicate specifically its sphere of
operations.

Article IV declares that ''the nature and objects of this
association shall be to found a university, with colleges, acad-
emies, schools, institutes, museums, galleries of art, libraries,
laboratories, gymnasiums, and all proper accessories, where
instruction of the highest grade possible to its resources
shall be given to both sexes in science, literature, art, mech-
anical pursuits, and in the principles of the Gospel as taught
by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The
chief aim and object of the institution shall be to make of
its students and graduates worthy citizens and true followers
of Jesus Christ, by fitting them for some useful pursuit, by
strengthening in their minds a pure attachment to the Con-
stitution of the United States and to our republican institu-
tions, by teaching them the lessons of purity, morality and

252

UTAH AS IT IS.

upright conduct, and by giving them, as far as possible, an un-
derstanding of the plan of salvation revealed by our Lord
and Savior Jesus Christ. Nothing that is contrary to the
laws of the land shall ever be taught in said institution."

The Latter-day Saints' University is the creation of the
people whose name it bears. It is recognized and sustained

BARRATT HAW,-

by them as a worthy exponent of their educational ideals and
as an efficient promoter of the welfare of their youth. The
change in name somewhat enlarges the functions and adds to
the influence of the institution without interfering with its
work or arresting its development. It will continue to offer
well arranged High School, Normal and Business courses of
study, with only such higher or university work at present as
its resources will justify. There were added last year a Kin-
dergarten school, a Normal Kindergarten course, and a
course for lady students in domestic science and art, and this

SCHOOLS AND SCHOOLING.

253

year a course in mechanic arts and civil engineering will be
given.

The mission of the institution is solely one of peace and
good will. Its general aim has been the same under each of
its several names, and consists simply in the intellectual,
moral, and practical education of the youth of this commun-
ity, in those lines, especially, which are not full}' provided for
in the State system of education. As its motto, "The Lord
is my light," may indicate, moral and religious instruction oc-
cupy a prominent place in its
courses of study. The work
offered is open to all persons
of good moral character that
are qualified to pursue any of
the studies given. It is the in-
tention to provide the best of
instruction in such lines of
work as are undertaken by this
University.

The growth of the institu-
tion during the past four years
from a small but meritorious
college without assets, and with

a limited curriculum and attendance, to its present status as an
incorporated university, with a large patronage and a teach-
ing force numbering over forty professors and instructors, is
one of the most remarkable developments in the recent edu-
cational affairs of the State.

Following are the names of the board of trustees of the
Latter-day Saints' University: Anthon H. Lund, President;
Angus M. Cannon, Vice-President; John Nicholson, George
H. Taylor, John C. Cutler, Treasurer; Joseph S. Wells, Sec-
retary; Joseph E.Taylor.

Prof. J. H. Paul has been the president for the last four
years, with Profs. John M. Mills, Henry Peterson and Ben-
jamin Goddard as principals respectively of the High School,
Normal and Commercial departments.

PROF. J. H. PAUI,.

SOCIETIES AND CLUBS.

FRATERNAL, INDUSTRIAL AND OTHER
ORGANIZATIONS.

UTAH is not behind any other part of the civilized world
in the matter of secret, trade and professional organi-
zations, the whole list, especially as to the former, being well
represented in our midst. As in other departments where
there is so much material to draw upon, only a portion can
be made available, this being representative of the different
classes and fairly comprehensive as to the whole. All are
well up in the matter of respectable membership and more
than a few are large property owners, in both of which
respects a general advance is noticeable in most if not all.

STATE 'BAR ASSOCIATION.

AN AGGREGATION of judges and lawyers, each of whose
names is a guarantee of the respectability and influence of
the whole, is the State Bar Association of Utah — the former
honorary members, the latter active practitioners well and
favorably known throughout the community and beyond it.
The association was organized on January n, 1894, pursuant
to a meeting of attorneys held two days previously, the object
being, as stated by the second article of the constitution, "the
elevation of the standard of professional learning and integ-
rity, to inspire the greatest degree of respect for the efforts

SOCIETIES AND CLUBS.

255

and influence of the bar in the administration of justice, and
to cultivate fraternal relations among its members."

The first officers were: President, J. G. Sutherland;
Vice-President, (first judicial district) S. R. Thurman; Vice-
President, (second judicial district) M. M. Warner; Vice-
President, (third judicial district) C. W. Bennett; Vice-Presi-

GROUP OF JUDGES AND LAWYERS.

256 UTAH AS IT IS.

dent, (fourth judicial district) James N. Kimball; Secretary,
Richard B. Shepherd; Treasurer, Elmer B. Jones.

The present officers (1903). are: President, Andrew
Howat; Vice- President, (first judicial district) Charles A.
Hart; Vice-President, (second judicial district) Henry H.
Rolapp; Vice-President, (third judicial district) Wm. A. Lee;
Vice-President, (fourth judicial district) John E. Booth;
Vice-President, (fifth judicial district) Thos. Marioneaux;
Vice-President, (sixth judicial district) J. F. Chidester; Vice-
President. (seventh judicial district) Jacob Johnson; Secretary,
J. Walcott Thompson; Treasurer, George L. Nye,

The officers are elected at the regular meetings of the
Association held annually at Salt Lake City on the second
Monday in January, in the Supreme Court room. It requires
a two-thirds affirmative vote of the members present to admit
an applicant for membership; the admission fee is $5 and the
annual dues $3.

UTAH PRESS ASSOCIATION.

THIS association as an organization dates its life from
January 20, 1894. Some weeks prior to this date a few repre-
sentative State newspaper men agitated the matter of effect-
ing an organization and a call was issued to meet at the
Knutsford on January 2Oth of that year, and in response to
this call, besides the local city press, many representative
citizens were present; fourteen State newspapers answered
roll call.

The proceedings were held at the Knutsford hotel par-
lors, and Governor West in a neat speech of welcome
greeted the members. An orchestra of music was in attend-
ance under Prof. Geo. Careless, and after the organization
was effected a banquet was given by the city papers, a bath
at the Sanitarium and seats at the Theatre tendered. At
this meeting the following officers were elected : President,

SOCIETIES AND CLUBS.

257

E. A. Littlefield, of Ogden; ist Vice-President, E. G. Rog-
non, of Salt Lake City; 2nd Vice-President, Walter L. Webb,
of Lehi; Secretary, J. B. Rawlins. of Salt Lake City; Cor-
responding Secretary, M. F. Murray, of Ephraim; Treas-
urer, A. N. Rosenbaum, of Logan.

The object of the organization, as indicated by the con-
stitution, is for the unification of the business interests of the
State papers, the elevation of the tone and the general bet-
terment of the profession. The Association started out very
auspiciously and with a membership that was strictly profes-
sional in the character of its
make-up; but soon some per-
sons became members whose
motives were ulterior and with
a view of getting railway pass
concessions, accomplishing po-
litical ambitions and social no-
toriety and finally became so
uncharacteristic that many of
its charter members became
discouraged and let it go into
almost total dissolution. How-
ever, enough real newspaper
men stayed with it to hold its
annual meetings and maintain
at least the semblance of a
It is now on a good footing and is

D. p. KEI/T.

newspaper organization
flourishing.

Since its organization it has enjoyed many social func-
tions, either tendered it or promoted by it. In June-July,
1902, a trip covering 5250 miles along the entire Pacific
coast was planned and successfully carried out. The Asso-
ciation is today officered as follows : President, D. P. Felt,
of Salt Lake City; First Vice-President, E. A. Littlefield,
Ogden; Second Vice-President, William Buys, Heber City;
Third Vice-President, James Dunn, Tooele; Corresponding

258 UTAH AS IT IS.

Secretary, I. E. Diehl, of Robinson; Recording Secretary,
N. B. Dresser, of Park City; Treasurer, W. R. McBride,
of Prove; Historian, J. T. Jakeman, ot Mercur.

UTAH WOOL GROWERS' ASSOCIATION.

THE sheep growing industry is one of the most profit-
able in the State, and one of the most useful in a widespread
way, not only diffusing continual wealth but giving employ-
ment to an army of men. Most if not all its members are
well to do, but they literally began at the bottom, having been
as poor as beginners of enterprises in new communities

RAMS.

usually are. More sheep are owned in Utah than any other
State, excepting only Montana, to which it is a close second,
the number here being little if any short of 6,000,000. Of
course our people are large owners in the adjoining States,
and the proceeds altogether are estimated by Jesse M. Smith,
President of the Association, at $10,000,000 per annum. No

SOCIETIES AND CLUBS.

259

one at all familiar with the details of the business here but
will say this estimate is quite conservative. Many of the
sheep owners are cattle owners also and several members of
the Association are likewise members of the National Live
Stock and other associations; so that, were they to stand still
continually (which none of them ever does at any time) their
resources would, like John Brown's body, keep marching
along.

JESSE M. SMITH, PRESIDENT.

In Mr. Smith we have not only a native of Utah but a
son of Salt Lake City, where he was born in 1858. He is
one of the several sons of the
late Judge Elias Smith, whose
portrait appears elsewhere in
this book and also was one of
the very best men that ever
lived or died in any com-
munity. Jesse M. has lived
an active, useful life, into
which a great deal that was
difficult and unwilling to give
up found its way. He en-
gaged in business for him-
self at a youthful age and
soon laid the foundation for
what has proved a success-
ful career. The subject of
irrigation claimed and re-
ceived a large share of his
attention. He helped build
most of the canals in Salt
Lake County and he was one of the promoters of the East
Canyon reservoir, by reason of v, hich large tracts of arid land
near Layton were brought under cultivation and have be-

JESSB M. SMITH.

260 UTAH AS 11 IS.

come exceedingly productive and profitable. As a sub-con-
tractor he built a large part of the Denver and Rio Grande
railroad between Scofield and Springville, and as a bridge
and canal constructor he has made a fine record.

However, it is as a "sheepman" that Mr. Smith is most
widely known. He first embarked in this business in 1888,
beginning with a modest flock of 2300 leased animals, and
these were ranged on the desert plains west of Great Salt
Lake. He was successful from the start and was soon
able to engage in the business independently, which
grew and spread with gratifying rapidity. He is at
present President of the Wool Growers' Association of Utah,
and has held the position continuously since 1896. In this
capacity, and as a representative of that great industry, he
has ever kept a watchful eye upon it and no exertion or
expense has been spared that it was necessary and proper to
put forth, having among other things in that connection made
several trips to the national seat of Government. He was
one of the organizers of the National Live Stock Association
in 1898, and is Utah's member of the executive committee,
and recently was chosen President of the Pacific Northwest
Wool Growers' Association, which embraces the States of
Oregon, Montana, Idaho, Nevada, Wyoming and Utah. He
is also the President and representative of the Associated
Wool Growers' Company, which does business throughout
the entire country and is composed of sheep men exclusively.

Personally, Mr. Smith is one of the most upright of men,
his business instincts and energetic methods never carrying
him beyond the beaten paths of integrity and truth. His por-
trait tells the rest.

THE ALTA CLUB.

THIS aggregation of business and professional men has
a reputation throughout the country as a strictly high-class

SOCIETIES AND CLUBS.

261

and thoroughgoing one. It was organized in 1883, and held
its first meetings in the Atlas block, Salt Lake City, a build-
ing somewhat noted in the community as having been twice
destroyed by fire yet still, like the phoenix, looking down
upon its ashes from a new and, in this instance, a much better
existence. In 1892 the club changed its quarters to the
Dooly building, at the corner of West Temple and Second
South streets, occupying the whole of the sixth floor. The

ALTA CLUB HOUSE, SAI/T LAKE CITY.

first officers were: President, W. S. McCornick; Secretary,
C. L. Haines; Treasurer, J< E. Dooly. The total member-
ship is 333. In the spring of 1897, the members having
decided to have a home of their own and having secured a
lot at the corner of South Temple and State streets, began
the work of construction, the work being pushed steadily along
and completed the following year. It is an elegant structure,
as its accompanying picture shows, and its appointments
correspond in all respects.

The present officers are: President, D. E. Burley;

262

UTAH AS IT IS.

Vice-President, A. L. Thomas; Secretary, Elias A. Smith;
Treasurer, C. S. Burton; Executive Committee, D. E. Bur-
ley, Elias A. Smith; Charles D. Quigley, house director;
J. Barnett, wine room director; A. Hanauer, restaurant
director.

THE ELKS.

Salt Lake Lodge No. 85, B. P. O. Elks, was instituted
June 13, 1894, under charter granted July 12, 1888. The
lodge did not flourish very well on account of the conditions

KICKS' CLUB HOUSE, SALT LAKE.

SOCIETIES AND CLUBS.

263

locally, hard times figuring quite conspicuously. The forty
members dropped to twenty and for a long interval no meet-
ings were held. On April 5, 1899, twenty old members and
twenty-six new started with new life the present lodge which
soon began to flourish -"like a green bay tree" and has so
continued, the present membership being six hundred and
fifty. They now have a magnificent building of their ownr

EI,KS' PARADE, SAI/T lyAKK, I9O2

SOCIETIES AND CLUBS.

265

as shown by the accompanying cut. The corner stone was
laid in May, 1900, and the structure was completed on July
28, 1902. The cost of the building, furniture and grounds
was $75,000.

The officers of the organization are pictured herewith,
the name and office being under each portrait; also a fine
view of the great parade during the Elks' convention here in
1902 appears. This is a grand spectacle even on paper, but
in real life it was simply magnificent. The city was in gala
attire and for the time being was the liveliest place in the
country.

COMMERCIAL CLUB.

THIS organization, which was born and reared in Salt

Lake City, and has its home
here, presents the following
as its objects:

To bring into closer com-
mercial and social relations
all loyal and progressive
citizens.

To cultivate co-operation,
public spirit and mutual
help.

To take vigorous action
towards establishing new
industries and commercial
enterprises in our city.

To infuse new life and
energy into every branch of
trade and encourage the pat-
ronage of home institutions
and industries.

To provide a cosmopolitan
place of entertainment for strangers; a meeting place for all

FISHER S. HARRIS, SECRETARY.

266 UTAH AS IT IS.

citizens interested in public work; convenient and comfortable
quarters for business men to assimilate with the commercial
world.

To correct business evils and remove impediments to
progress.

To aid and encourage that which is good in municipal,
State and National government and strike at that which works
to their detriment.

To advertise the advantages of the city and State; to
encourage immigration and the influx of capital; to stimulate
the development of latent resources; to build up and educate
a patriotic and loyal citizenship that will be the highest type
of progressive Americanism.

Following are the officers: William A. Nelden. Presi-
dent; John C. Cutler, Vice-President; John E. Dooly, Treas-
urer; Schuyler V. Shelp, Secretary; Fisher Harris, Assistant
Secretary and Manager.

SALT LAKE PRESS CLUB.

THIS is an organization composed of practical news-
paper workers of the metropolis. It was organized in 1901,
and at the present time has some forty members, each of
whom is something of a "pioneer in the land" in his way.
They are a lively lot and have received occasional recogni-
tion from the outside, among others the distinguished trage-
dian, Frederick Warde, having handed over the receipts of
lectures, this being by no means an insignificant matter.
They also indulge in an occasional function on their own
account and on the whole are able to keep the expense items
well in hand with enough in the treasury to promote that feel-
ing of security which such a condition alone can bring about.

The club rooms are situated at 245 South, West Temple
Street, and are convenient, commodious and well appointed.
The officers are as follows: A. G. MacKenzie, President ; J.

SOCIETIES AND CLUBS. 267

T. Goodwin, First Vice-President; W. E. Vigus, Second Vice-
President; C. C. Wentzler, Secretary; George E. Carpen-
ter, Treasurer.

BROTHERHOOD OF LOCOMOTIVE ENGINEERS.

WASATCH DIVISION 222, Brotherhood of Locomotive
Engineers, was organized Aug. 5, 1883, in the old Odd Fel-
lows hall in the George M. Scott building. It was organized
by Charles McCarn, secretary of division 136, Evanston,
Wyo., by order of Grand Chief Engineer P. M. Arthur.

The following are the charter officers for 1883: James
LaRue, Chief Engineer; Frank B. Hanson, First Engineer;
John Forster, Second Engineer; Gilbert A. McLean, Secre-
tary; Harry W. Russell, Treasurer; Robert R. Mann, Third
Assistant Engineer; John W. Stewart, Guide; Alex. King-
horn, Chaplain.

The following members of other divisions assisted in
helping organize division 222: James T. Beless and Charles
Shermer, of division 29, Pueblo, Colorado; George Sheehey,
division 199, Salida, Colorado, and Ole Ferguson, of
division 24, Centralia, 111. The division started with seven
members, and now has a membership of one hundred and
twenty-five. This is a good record for a lodge of Engineers
taking it into consideration that no one can become a member
until he has had one year's experience as a local motive
engineer. Hon. Chauncey M. Depew is the only distin-
guished railroad man that holds membership in the order and
he had to run an engine before he could be admitted.

The present officers (1903) are: James A. Yeates,
Chief Engineer; H. W. Anderson, First Engineer; John W.
Stewart, Second Engineer; James T. Beless, Secretary; Abel
Preece, Treasurer; Thomas T. Bult, Third Assistant Engi-
neer; C. E;Ives, Guide; C. S. Stewart, Chaplain.

There is a Ladies' Auxiliary to the organization which

268 UTAH AS IT IS.

was organized in Salt Lake City by Mrs. W. A. Murdock,
President of the Grand International Auxiliary. The officers
are: President, Mrs. J. T. Beless; Vice-President, Mrs. C.
E. Shermer; Secretary, Mrs. B. F. Estes; Treasurer, Mrs.
E. E. Bartlett; Chaplain, Mrs. J. Foster; Guide, Mrs. P. B.
Haslet; Sentinel, Mrs. B. Y. Vinson; other charter members:
Mrs. R. Simpson, Mrs. A. N. Russell, Mrs. B. F.Blake,
Mrs. S. J. Konold, Mrs. Fred King, Mrs. L. W. Kesler,
Mrs. C. S. Blackman, Mrs. C. S. McLain. The order was
named Gilbert A. McLean Lodge, division No. 108. Mr.
McLean is the Union Pacific engineer who founded the Wa-
satch Lodge of Engineers, and also the new auxiliary.

DESERET AGRICULTURAL AND MANUFAC-
TURING SOCIETY.

THIS is one of the institutions of the State of which its
people have reason to be and are proud. Its record is a
great one. It was organized pursuant to act of the Terri-
torial Legislature in 1856, and has been the means of accom-
plishing more good in the way of "keeping tab" on the
products and progress of the commonwealth, and making
periodical exhibitions thereof, than could be set forth in any-
thing less than a large volume.

The officers of the Society appear in the earlier part of
this volume, with the exception of Secretary. This office
has recently changed as to personnel, the former incumbent,
S. W. Sears, having died, and W. J. Bateman having been
appointed thereto.

Splendid grounds have been provided for the Society's
exhibitions at Agricultural Park, in the northwestern part of
Salt Lake City, containing an exposition pavilion, numerous
outbuildings and sheds, and an up-to-date race track. Every-
thing will be improved upon as time advances, the great at-
tendance every year fully justifying it.

FINANCE AND TRADE.

THE MONEY MARTS, FIELDS OF MANUFAC-
TURE AND COMMERCE.

SOME reference has been made in the earlier stages of
this book to the general subject of which this depart-
ment treats more elaborately. The first merchandising
concern, the first grist mill, the first factory, the first bank,
and so on, are always objects of prime interest, not alone
for their own sake, but as showing by comparison what
mighty strides have been made along all the lines leading to
.industrial and commercial greatness. The reader will ere
this have observed that one of the chief purposes of this book
is to show how, when, and by what means everything con-
stituting a feature of the great structure was begun, how it
has grown, and what it amounts to at the present time;
he will thus be undoubtedly interested in the presentations
herein made. They are typical selections from the great
mass, each more or less representative of everything in its
class, and all giving a fair showing of Utah's standing as to
the theme above headed.

ZION'S CO-OPERATIVE MERCANTILE IN-
STITUTION.

CO-OPERATION is by no means a new thing in the mer-
cantile affairs of the world, although there have been few

270

U1AH AS IT IS.

great enterprises strictly co-operative that have not partaken
largely of some other feature of organization and had some
other name. In one sense, all firms, corporations and com-
binations of whatever name, style or magnitude are co-op-
erative concerns, in that they blend their capital, unite their
efforts and divide their profits ratably. In what respect, then,
the reader may ask, otherwise than name, do the co-opera-
tive concerns of Utah differ from others? In at least one very
materiarrespect is there a difference: that the latter have an

Z. C. M. I. MAIN BUILDING, SAI/T LAKE CITY.

element of fraternity, a feeling of social, ethical and ecclesi-
astical equality permeating them and being as cement to the
structure, holding all the factors which constitute strength
and growth in their places without impairment of the rules
and methods recognized and practiced elsewhere. In short,
co-operation in Utah is as much an outgrowth of the religious
and social views of the Mormon people as any of their other
achievements of a temporal character are, and, while no

FINANCE AND TRADE. 271

peculiar or special characteristics are observable, while trade
and every department of business are carried on ptrictly in
consonance with established and universally recognized prin-
ciples, it still remains that there is above and beyond it all
the same generating, fostering and furthering inspiration
which has brought into existence and held together first the
germs, then the development and lastly the consummation of
empire amid the once dreary wilds of the Great West.

Zion's Co-operative Mercantile Institution was organized
on the i6th day of October, 1868. It had doubtless been in
contemplation for some time previously, as its plan and de-
velopment were long known to be in full accord with the be-
liefs and teachings of its founder, Brigham Young. Perhaps
he did not earlier give this practical expression to his views-
in that regard because of a realization of all the circumstances-
and a due regard for the best interests of the people in ac-
cordance with their surroundings. When money or other
ready means of effecting exchanges were exceedingly rare
with the masses and freightage across the plains amounted to
the highest kind of protective tariff, so that a few men could
have controlled the situation and made the union of effort a
trust for their own benefit rather than a means of equalizing
conditions and disseminating benefits, this could scarcely have
been regarded as an auspicious time for launching the project.
It was one that had to be studied up and some knowledge of
its practical application acquired by means of practice, which
would of course have been out of the question when the great
majority of the people needed all that they had, and could
therefore illy spare anything to be tied up for an indefinite
period, while the favored few who could endure the strain
would soon have been placed in a position to absorb the en-
tire transaction. I say perhaps this was the case, for I was
never sufficiently intimate with that wonderful man to obtain
his confidence; but knowing him and his characteristics so
well, understanding how fully he desired the greatest good
-for the largest number, and appreciating the extent to which

272 VI AH AS IT IS.

he could gauge the future by the present and discount diffi-
culties in advance as only those who are gifted with pre-
science can, it will probably strike the reader as well as the
writer that the guess is not a -bad one. With the advent of
the railroad the "Chinese wall" of exclusiveness in the mat-
ter of importations was battered down and a condition more
nearly approaching equality gradually appeared; a lively and
profitable market for all kinds of products sprang up where
before was stagnation and lack of stimulation. The change
had come, the old order had passed away. Money began to
be the rule instead of the very rare exception in all kinds of
traffic. The people began to improve their homes, their
farms and their persons. They could now afford to invest
some of their substance for the general benefit of all and the
individual good of themselves. As in nearly everything else
which the Church President instituted, the hand of the states-
man could of later years if not at once be easily traced
throughout this grandly successful movement.

The first officers of the Institution, elected on October
16, 1868, were as follows: President, Brigham Young; Vice-
President, Wm. H. Hooper; Secretary, William Clayton;
Treasurer, D. O. Calder; Directors, George Q. Cannon,
George A. Smith, H. S. Eldredge, H. W. Lawrence, William
Jennings; Superintendent, H. B. Clawson. The present staff
of officials is: President, Joseph F. Smith; Vice-President,
George Romney; Secretary, T. G. Webber; Treasurer, A.
W. Carlson; Directors, Heber J. Grant, John R. Winder,
Henry Dinwoodey, P. T. Farnsworth, John R. Barnes, John
Henry Smith, F. M. Lyman, A. H. Lund, W. H. Mclntyre,
Reed Smoot and T. G. Webber; General Superintendent, T.
G. Webber, a position occupied by him continuously for about
fifteen years, to the perfect satisfaction of all concerned and
the steady increased growth of the Institution. He has also
been Secretary from October, 1871, with the exception of a
brief period.

Active business was begun in March, 1869, the stock

FINANCE AND TRADE. 273

and establishment of the late William Jennings (where now is
the Emporium corner) having been secured, in connection
with other stocks and places. The business was incorporated
in 1870 for a period of twenty-five years, which having ex-
pired in 1895 a reincorporation for fifty years was had, and
successful branch establishments have been instituted at
Ogden, Provo, Logan, Utah, and Idaho Falls, Idaho. The
success immediately attendant upon the enterprise was such
that it soon outgrew its quarters and occupied more commo-
dious ones, but nothing adequate to the steady growth was
available, and in 1875 the grounds owned and occupied as a
residence by the late President Jedediah M. Grant were pur-
chased and the great establishment was built in which has
been the headquarters of the mammoth business for the last
twenty-six years.

Subsequently sixty feet on the north side were added
and built upon. The main building is three stories and base-
ment, 160x315 feet, with back premises for stabling, storage,
etc. Later other ground adjoining on the east was added, on
which is a large shoe and clothing factory, having the great-
est capacity in the entire West.

The payroll presents the names of an army of not less
than 450 persons. The first year's sales amounted to $1,230,-
700, the average to date being over $3,000,000; last year's
were $4,000,000 and the stock carried never falls short of
$800,000. It has been a great dividend payer from the start,
the total amount to date reaching the enormous total of $3,-
000,000.

As illustrative of the extensive traffic carried on by the
Institution, a figurative mathematical proposition may be used.
From the beginning of its business thirty-four years ago, the
total tonnage of goods imported has reached the gigantic fig-
ure of (approximately) 310,000 tons, or 26,000 carloads, the
branches increasing this sum by 80,000 tons, or 3,330 car
loads; altogether, this would make up a train of cars* over 215
miles in length, a distance equaling the vast stretch of terri-

274 UTAH AS IT IS.

tory between Salt Lake City and the southern boundary of
the State. The immensity of the Institution can scarcely be
impressed upon the mind by means of types and paper; in-
spection, while revealing its vastness as a grand and compre-
hensive whole, would scarcely be more analytical than a
written description. It contains well nigh everything ever
found in a mercantile establishment from the proverbial
"needle to an anchor," and can sell from a cent's worth to
thousands of dollars' value and never become depleted in any
line. Its workings are wonderful because of their plainness^
and grand by reason of their simplicity.

Mankind is typical of Providence. There is no result
without a cause and every cause portends a result. The
proper aggregation of forces means a corresponding diffusion
of power. Nothing can radiate unless there is a focal energy
to cause the radiation. With these physical laws applied to
the affairs of mankind, we behold at once the mainspring of
the success achieved by practical co-operation. The power
of the people, as relates to the sinews of war and the vitals
of peace, is aggregated, meaning at once the concentration
and distribution of financial strength. Each parts with some
measure of his substance only to receive it back, through the
wise and careful management into which it is given, in en-
larged and still growing measure. Such is Z. C. M. I. of
Utah.

WALKER BROTHERS' BANK (THE PIONEER).

UTAH had no bank or anything in lieu of one for sev-
eral years after the first settlement, the chief reason for which
was, that none was needed. Business was largely if not
altogether a matter of internal reciprocity, such money as
came from or went to the world outside not representing a
great volume and being invariably coin of the realm. Bills of
exchange, drafts, checks, etc., were unknown and uncalled for.

FINANCE AND TRADE.

275

Those who went or came took as much money as they re-
quired (if they could raise it) along with them, transactions
were either in money or trade, and that was all there was
of it.

All this had to change some time, and the enlivening
effects of traffic with the mining districts north and west, in

WALKER BRO'S BANK.

276 UTAH AS IT IS.

1859, brought it about, the institution whose name heads this
chapter being the pioneers, although Holliday & Halsey,
Hussey & Dahler and possibly others were not far behind.
The business was a success from the word go, and has
grown and spread with the growth and spreading of the
community. The founders' names were: Samuel S. Walker,
Joseph R. Walker, David F. Walker and Matthew H. Walk-
er. In 1885 the Union National Bank was organized and
succeeded the foregoing. In 1895 the national bank charter
was surrendered and the business of a partnership was re-
sumed under the name of Walker Brothers, Bankers, by
which name it was incorporated in 1903, under the laws of
Utah. The capital is $200,000, and the deposits on April 9,
1903, amounted to $1,168.772.59. The officers are: M. H.
Walker, President; Thomas Weir, Vice-President; L. H.
Farnsworth, Cashier; E. O. Howard, Assistant Cashier; W.
Montague Ferry and H. G. McMillan, Directors.

Walker Brothers Banking Company have made them-
selves one of the solid and reliable institutions of Utah, not
only by their pioneering enterprise, but by reason of business
principles strictly applied and the absolutely upright conduct
of all their affairs. It is one of the best and most favorably
known commercial enterprises of the State.

DESERET NATIONAL BANK.

THIS institution was originally the firm of Hooper, Eld-
redge & Co., and was organized May i, 1869. It was suc-
ceeded by the banking company above named on November
i, 1872. The first officers were: Brigham Young, President;
H. S. Eldredge, Vice-president; L. S. Hills, Cashier; Direc-
tors, the foregoing, with W. H. Hooper, William Jennings,
John Sharp and Feramorz Little. The original capital was
$200,000, which at the present time (1903) has swollen to
half a million, with a surplus of $250,000.

278 UTAH AS IT IS.

The present Directors of the corporation are: L. S.
Hills, W. W. Riter, James Sharp, John R. Winder, Reed
Smoot, W. H. Mclntire, Moses Thatcher, George Romney,
John R. Barnes, John C. Cutler, E. R. Eldredge, David
Eccles and A. W. Carlson, the first named being President,
Moses Thatcher Vice-President, and H. S. Young Cashier.

An excellent picture of the bank building, at the corner
of Main and First South streets, Salt Lake City, is herewith
given. It was erected at a time when such a building was
regarded as a gigantic affair, and even now, as is shown, it is
far from being a small one. The institution itself is known
to be as solid as the urock of ages," and its business transac-
tions reach out to every part of the globe.

McCORNICK & CO., BANKERS.

THE banking house of McCornick & Co. is by no means
a recent accession to the great enterprises of which Utah
boasts, having been established in 1873. Of course, it was
at the beginning nothing like the grand and imposing affair
it has become of late years, with its splendid seven-story
house, its business representing a fortune every day and ram-
ifying into all parts of the world where civilization has a per-
manent footing. The growth has been well-nigh phenom-
enal, growing in not much over a dozen years from an
unpretentious business affair into one of the greatest of its
kind, having the largest deposits of any bank between Den-
ver and San Francisco. An excellent cut of the building is
presented herewith.

Hon. W. S. McCornick, to whose managerial instincts
and executive capacity the growth and success of the enterprise
are directly traceable, has been a resident of Salt Lake City
for thirty years, having come here from Nevada, where he
was a successful operator for some time in the flourishing
mining towns; previous to that he resided in California.

FINANCE AND TRADE.

279

After a residence here of some ten years he became attracted
to our wonderful mineral resources, and investments imme-
diately followed. In this, as in everything else, he has been
altogether successful. He also has mining investments else-
where, and is interested in several other Utah enterprises, his
name occurring frequently in this volume, having large

MCCORNICK & GO'S BANK

280 UTAH AS IT IS.

investments in cattle and lands in other States, viz., Nevada
and Idaho, also in Mexico. Altogether he is one of the busiest
and most progressive business men in this or any other com-
monwealth, and his reward has been commensurate there-
with.

In 1901 Mr. McCornick was a candidate before the
Republican caucus of the fourth Legislature for the
position of United States Senator, and was strongly sup-
ported. It was realized by his opponents that no fitter
name was presented, and that he would make a representa-
tive in the upper house of Congress whose work his con-
stituents would have no reason to be dissatisfied with; but
the fortunes of politics landed the prize elsewhere. Many
good citizens would like to see him in the race again for the
same office.

ZION'S SAVINGS BANK.

THE accompanying cut is the home and property of
Zion's Savings Bank and Trust Co.; it also quarters the
State Bank of Utah. The building is one of the most impos-
ing and commodious in the business part of the city; it is
known as the Templeton, and was originally designed as a
hotel. The bank first named is the oldest and largest in
Utah, receiving deposits from all over the world. Since its
establishment in 1873 it has opened 36,576 savings accounts;
as early as 1892 its deposits amounted to between $800,000
and $900,000, and the last statement issued shows the total
resources amounting to nearly $4,000,000 — a pretty large
business, as almost anyone can see. Deposits in any sum
from $i to $5000 are received, though for larger amounts
special arrangements with the President and Cashier must be
made. Four per cent interest on deposits is paid.

The officers are: Joseph F. Smith, President; Anther*

FINANCE AND TRADE.

281

H. Lund, Vice-President; George* M.JCannon. Cashier;
Lewis M, Cannon, Assistant Cashier; Directors, the fore-
going, with T. G. Webber, Angus M. Cannon, James JaclT,

ZION'S SAVINGS BANK & TRUST CO. BUILDING.

Francis M. Lyman, John T. Caine, George Reynolds, L.
John Nuttall, Angus J. Cannon, A. O. Woodruff, Hyrum M.
Smith and John R. Winder; George M. Cannon being Secre-
tary of the board.

FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF OGDEN

[Cut of Building OH page 199.]

ONE of the solid and enduring banking institutions of the
State is that named above, an excellent cut of whose large
and elegant building appears as above stated. It is the
United States depository. Its capital stock is $150,000, its

surplus and undivided profits are $72,481, its deposits reach
10

282 U1AH AS IT IS.

the great total of $1,466,454, and its resources amount to the
enormous sum of $1,726,430.

The officers are as follows: David Eccles, President;
Thomas D. Dee, Vice-President; James Pingree, Cashier;
John Pingree, Assistant Cashier; Directors, those named and
Barnard White, George H. Tribe, Joseph Clark, Adam Pat-
terson, W. W. Riter and John Watson.

The building is one of the imposing features of Ogden
and would be a credit to any metropolis; while the directors
are men whose names are well and honorably known through-
out the whole country.

THE BEET SUGAR INDUSTRY

THE pioneer in this line in recent years is the Utah
Sugar Co., whose factories are located at Garland, Box Elder
Co., and whose first factory was located at Lehi, the Lehi
factory having been enlarged within the past five years to
three times its original capacity. It has cutting stations at
Bingham Junction, Provo and Springville, which are con-
nected by pipe-line with the central factory at Lehi.

The sugar production commenced in the year 1890 with
1,100,000 Ibs., and has grown to a production in 1903, in
Utah alone, of 50,000,000 pounds. This industry is proba-
bly capable of further expansion in the State, and though the
consumption of sugar in the State alone amounts to only 20,-
000,000 Ibs., adjacent States are supplied and the surplus is
taken to the Missouri River. As to the further expansion,
that entirely depends upon the price that sugar can be pro-
duced for.

AMALGAMATED SUGAR CO.

The Amalgamated Sugar Company was incorporated
Juiy 1. 1902, with a capitalization of $4,000,000, of which
amount $2,551,500 worth of capital stock was issued, two-
thirds of which is preferred and one third common. The
corporation then absorbed the factories at Ogden, Logan,

FINANCE AND TRADE.

283

and La Grande, Oregon. The officers are — David Eccles,
President; Thomas D. Dee, Vice President; H. H. Rolapp,
Secretary; C. W. Nibley, Treasurer; Directors, the fore-
going, with Joseph F. Smith, F. J. Kiesel, Hyrum H. Spence,
E. P. Ellison, Joseph Scowcroft, Adam Patterson, Joseph
Clark and G. W. Stoddard.

The Amalgamated Sugar Company employs on an aver-

OGDEN SUGAR FACTORY.

age about 120 men at each of its factories, and has a monthly
payroll of fully $30,000. At the three factories they use
daily 180 tons of coal, 60 tons of lime rock, and 6 tons of
coke, besides a large quantity of sulphur, soda, tallow and
other articles used for the purifying and crystallizing of the
sugar. It is truly a mammoth industry and a source of great
revenue to the stockholders and the State.

WOOLEN MILLS.

WHILE Utah is well supplied in the matter of factories
for the production of sugar and woolen fabrics, the end is not

2S4 U1AH AS IT 7£.

yet by any means. The oldest of these institutions is the
Provo factory, the company having been organized in the
early seventies by President Brigham Young, whose desire
to inaugurate home manufactures, to provide labor for the
people and to keep money in home circulation, is well
known. For years the factory had to struggle with hard
times, crude machinery, and lack of capital, but of later
years, under the management of Hon. Reed Smoot, it has
forged steadily ahead, until it is today in possession of all the
best modern machinery, its goods are in active demand, and
its financial position is of the strongest. Hugh Clayton is
now manager. The goods chiefly manufactured are in fine
white, mottled, plain, gray and vicima blankets; tricots, cassi-
meres. ladies' cloths, linseys, tweeds, double, single and
shoulder shawls, plain, twilled and dress flannels, wool batt-
ing and yarns. The following are the officers: Wm. B.
Preston, President; Joseph R Smith, Vice-President; Thos.
R. Cutler, Reed Smoot, George Romney, J. R. Barnes, C.
S. Burton, Wm. W. Riter, John C. Cutler, Directors. W.
E. Bassett is Secretary and Treasurer.

Cutler Bros. Co. of 36 Main Street, Salt Lake City,
have been the agents of the Provo Woolen Mills since 1877,
when President Brigham Young, who was then the largest
stockholder in the company, rented the historic "Old Con-
stitution Building" to John C. Cutler and named him to act
as their agent; after the death of President Young, part of
the land where the Old Constitution building stood was bought
by him, and he, with others, built the present Constitution
building, where the Provo Woolen Mills agency is still located.

There is another factory at Hyrum, Cache County, and
one at Franklin, Idaho, owned by Utah people; but these are
of limited capacity.

TAYLOR BROTHERS CO., PROVO.

SOME idea of the extent of this big business institution
can be had from the accompanying engraving. It was estab-

FINANCE AND TRADE.

285

Hshed in 1866 and has steadily grown up to its present pro-
portions from the transactions extending throughout Utah
and far into its surroundings. Twenty-two persons are em-
ployed. The trade is in complete house furnishings and
music, wholesale and retail, and is a pioneer in that line.
The total floorage is 28,780 feet. The company was incor-
porated in 1890 with a capital of $50,000, all paid up, shares
$100 each, the officers being as follows: Eliza N. Taylor,
President; Thomas N. Taylor, Vice-President and Manager;

TAYLOR BROTHERS, PROVO.

John D. Dixon, Secretary and Treasurer; Arthur N. Taylor
and Maud Taylor, directors. There is a branch house at
Eureka, Tintic.

Manager Taylor, a not altogether satisfactory portrait
of whom appears on page 207, is an old and skilled hand
at the business, having been at it twenty-five years and in
charge of this establishment since 1887. He has twice been
Mayor of Provo and was a good one. He was born in

286 UTAH AS II IS.

that place on July 28, 1868; was married to Maud Rogers
in September, 1889, and seven children, five boys and two
girls, have been born to them. Mr. Taylor is something of
a "horse crank," having imported some of the best horses
ever brought into the State, and is a progressive citizen
generally.

SINGLETON CLOTHING CO., PROVO.

THIS is distinctively a home institution and as such is
entitled to extensive mention. All the clothing and woolen
fabrics sold in the store are made by the firm, the ma-
terials being bought from the great Woolen Mills of Provo,
whose fame extends throughout the land. The superintendent
is Albert Singleton, a well known citizen of Provo, whose
portrait appears on page 207.

Mr. Singleton was born at Winsham, Somersetshire,
England, on July 3, 1843. His parents were Francis and
Amelia Ann Singleton. He went to the local schools and
at an early age learned the tailoring trade. In 1873 he
bade his native land adieu, and in November of that year ar-
rived in Salt Lake City, where he followed various occu-
pations for about ten months, when he went to Provo and
engaged with the Co-operative store, remaining till 1895,
when he established the business he is now in, having re-
mained there all the time from his first arrival. He is a
man of family, having a wife and six children. He is largely
interested in mining affairs, being President of the Golden
Queen Mining Co., whose property consists of six claims of
low grade gold ore, more or less developed, near the cele-
brated Annie Laurie, Gold Hill, Piute County.

INTERMOUNTAIN MILLING CO.

ABOUT thirty years ago George Husler started a burr
mill for grinding wheat into flour on Mill Creek, some three

FINANCE AND TRADE.

287

miles south of Salt Lake City. The capacity of the mill, like
everything else in those days, was somewhat limited; but —
also, like everything else, predestined to success — it has
grown amazingly. The business grew into the corporation
above named in 1894, having been steadily advancing and
improving right along. It is now a giant roller mill with a
capacity of 250 barrels a day, having distributing points all
over this part of the country. The officers of the corpora-

HUSLER FLOUR MILLS

Inter-Mountain Milling e°-

. -

INTER-MOUNTAIN MIIJvING CO.

tion are: W. S.McCornick, President; W. R. Wallace, Vice-
President; C, K. McCornick, Treasurer; R. E. Miller, Secre-
tary and Manager; N. L. Morris, M. M. Miller and J. R. Miller
(with the foregoing) Directors.

The manager, R. E. Miller, was born in Mill Creek, now
Murray, on October 30, 1869. He is a son of that stalwart
Pioneer and^ State builder, Reuben Miller and his wife Mar-
garet Gardner. The father occupied many public stations of

288 UTAH AS IT JS.

trust and responsibility, and was respected far and wide. The
son attended the local schools and finally graduated from the
Deseret University, where he had a four [years' term, from
1882 to 1887. after which he taught school for five years,
then went into the milling business. In 1892 he was a can-
didate for the Legislature; it was a three-cornered fight —
Democrats, Republicans and Liberals having each a ticket
up, he being with the former, and the latter winning.

Mr. Miller has been Secretary of the company since its
formation and Manager since 1898.

ROCKY MOUNTAIN BELL TELEPHONE.

ONE of the greatest works undertaken by any of our
institutions in late years is that now under way by the Rocky
Mountain Bell Telephone Company of furnishing com-
munication to the farmers of Utah. Idaho, Montana and
Wyoming.

This essentially Western association of men has for the
last twenty years been continuously found upon the frontier
of civilization, its glittering threads of intelligence piercing
the forests and clinging to the mountain tops, lending their
mighty aid to the development of the mineral resources of the
great West; always the surest, promptest and most satis-
factory mode of communication, preceding the railroad and
in many cases months ahead of even wagon roads, now we
find them entering with their usual vigor and pioneer spirit
the field of bringing the scattered ranches of the intermoun-
tain region into instant communication will each other and
with their market centers. Who of all the people who inhabit
the earth have more urgent need of prompt communication
than these same farmers and ranchers?

The rapidity with which the company's rural circuits
are being filled up all over the country is the best indica-
tion of the appreciation of the service by those for whom

FINANCE AND TRADE.

289

the experiment was inaugurated and that the compensation
asked is within the reach of even the smallest tiller of the
soil. Since the matter was first presented to the ranchmen,
less than four months ago, over eight hundred such in-
struments have been installed in Utah and Idaho alone
with many orders remaining unfilled owing to inability to
secure labor and assemble the material for the equipment
of the lines.

This phenomenal expansion as well as the many miles

ROCKY MOUNTAIN BEU, TELEPHONE.

290 UTAH AS IT IS.

of toll line extensions is being felt in the remarkable exchange
increases. Especially is this true of Salt Lake, there now
being in operation in Salt Lake over four thousand five
hundred telephones, in the neighborhood of one thousand six
hundred being of the popular $1.00 per month house tele-
phone.

This vast system of toll lines and exchanges radiates
from and is managed in Salt Lake where the company's
headquarters building is located, over half a million dollars
of Utah money being represented as well as large sums from
all the other States in which the company operates.

Its board of directors and officers are picked from the
sturdy pioneers of every branch of Western industry. They
are as follows:

. Board of Directors : George Y.Wallace, President; Thomas
Marshall; James Ivers; Geo. M. Downey, Vice-President;
Alonzo Burt; T. P. Fish; W. S. McCornick, Treasurer;
C. W. Clark; H. C. Hill, Secretary; D. S. Murray, General
Manager.

THE HOTELS.

DOUBTLESS there is no place in the world where hostel-
ries, in point of number, capacity and general excellence, are
proportionately ahead of those of Salt Lake City. Five of
them would not be out of place in any great metropolis, so
thoroughly up to date are they in all general requirements.
Ogden also is well provided, so is Provo, and, in fact, every
place of any consequence has its headquarters for the trav-
eler, with accommodations fully equal to the locality in all
reasonable requirements.

One of the leading hotels, if not the leading one, of
Salt Lake City, and thereby of the State, is that whose picture
accompanies this article — the Kenyon. It is a comparatively

292

U1AH AS IT IS.

new establishment, yet not so new as to be in the experimen-
tal stage, its reputation for good treatment of guests in great
numbers being widespread. It has over ^oo rooms, each
completely equipped with all modern conveniences, including
local and long distance telephones, and is conducted on both
the European and American plans. Don Porter is the pro-
prietor, and a thoroughly experienced and progressive one
he is. his retinue of assistants being like unto him.

CASTLE GATE, UTAH

One of the points of interest by reason of its scenic splendor as well as relat-
ing to the great coal strike of 1903.

THE CATHOLICS.

UTAH'S SECOND CHURCH, ITS INCEPTION,
GROWTH AND WORKS.

THE first Catholic church in Salt Lake City was erected
in 1871, and dedicated to St. Mary Magdalen by Arch-
bishop J. S. Allemany, who assumed temporary jurisdiction
of Utah early the same year. He appointed Rev. P. Walsh
pastor, and it was through his efforts and the liberality of all
classes of citizens that the speedy erection of the church was
accomplished. In the early part of the following year the
first mission, under the direction of Father Walsh, was given
in the newly dedicated church, by Father Bouchard, S. J., of
San Francisco. The next year Father Walsh, who had the
esteem and confidence of the entire community, was recalled
to San Francisco. Rev. L. Scanlan, who had pastoral charge
of the Catholic church at Petaluma, Cal.,was appointed to suc-
ceed Father Walsh in Utah. He arrived in Salt Lake City Aug.
14, 1873, and has since, as pastor, vicar forane, vicar apostolic,
and bishop, faithfully and zealously ministered to the spiritual
wants of the Catholics of Utah. When he assumed charge
there was only one church in the entire Territory, and that
encumbered with a heavy indebtedness. His charge em-
braced the largest area of any pastor in the United States,
but his flock were few. Like the church in the Canacle, or
emerging fronx the upper chamber of the morning of Pente-
cost, poor in a worldly sense, so was the commencement of
the" pastoral charge of the present Bishop of Salt Lake thirty

RT. REV. L. SCANLAN, BISHOP

THE CATHOLICS. 295

years ago. With apostolic zeal, the privations which sur-
rounded him gave zest and energy to his missionary spirit.
His only luxury was the happiness resulting from his success-
ful labors and undertakings.

It was in 1887 that Father Scanlan was consecrated
Bishop of Salt Lake. Up to that time Salt Lake had been
part of the archdiocese of San^Francisco, and Father Scanlan
was laboring in that metropolis until the time Sah Lake be-
came a diocese and the Bishop became the ruling spirit. He
has passed through all the trials which accompany the build-
ing up of a Catholic congregation in an almost new field, but
he undertook the task with his usual manly determination,
and now he is able to see on all sides with pride the mag-
nificent results of his years of struggle and constant effort.

For several years the small c:ithedral on Second East
street was the only structure for Catholic worship, large
enough to accommodate about two hundred members. The
remarkable growth and increase of the church in recent
years made the erection of a larger edifice imperative, and
today the splendid architectural triumph — the new St. Mary
Magdalen cathedral — is nearing completion in consequence,
The generous contributions of Mrs. A. H. Tarbet and Mrs.
Mary Judge, O. J. Salisbury, W. S. McCornick, James
Ivers, David Keith and J. J. Daly, which assured a fund of
$70,000, determined the Bishop to proceed with the work,
and plans were secured from Architect Neuhausen. In 1891
the plat on East South Temple street was purchased and re-
served for the purpose. Contributions continued to pour in,
and no better indication of the substantial progress of the
Catholic church here can be found than in the fact that
rsince the work of construction was begun, fully $120,000 has
been expended. In the meantime treble that has been ex-
pended on other Catholic institutions in this city, It is esti-
mated that the total Catholic population in this diocese is from
10,000 to 11,000, and is being wonderfully augmented year
$>y year.

THE CATHOLICS. 297

The new cathedral wiU be an imposing and picturesque
edifice. The location, commanding a far-reaching sweep of
the valley, is a worthy setting for the architectural jewel.
The site has a frontage on two streets, and the building will,
be within easy and conspicuous view from almost any part of
the valley. The architecture is in the fashion of the late
Romanesque, which is another name for the early Gothic. Two
tall towers, one hundred and eighty feet high when finished,
will face to the south, and the vaulted roof will reach to a
height of about sixty feet. The building will be one hundred
and eighty feet in length by ninety-six feet in width. Within it
will be ornate with the most elaborate and elegant appoint-
ments available*, the seating capacity being for twelve hun-
dred persons.

This imposing place of worship, built in the bosom of
the Western mountains, is significant before the world. It will
be a perpetual monument. It will tell of what militant Cath-
olicism can achieve from meagre beginnings, and will be-
speak eloquently the struggles and toil of Bishop Scanlan and
his brethren through the dark years and their eventual
triumph.

During Bishop Scanlan's early incumbency, and whilst
he was endeavoring to liquidate the debt of $6000 which
hung over the little church, he also secured the ground
upon which St. Mary's Academy now stands. Purchase of
this site was made here in 1874.

Before St. Mary's Academy was completed, another
institution, to be conducted by the sisters, became a neces-
sity, and this materialized in the" Hospital of the Holy Cross.
Early in October, 1875, Sisters M. Holy Cross and M. Bar-
tholomew, prepared to act as Good Samaritans to the poor
and sick and maimed, arrived in Salt Lake, and on October
22 began work humbly, unostentatiously and full of the spirit of
the Good Master, in a rented building on Fifth East between
South Temple and First South streets. They were pre-emi-
nently successful. Their chanty in behalf of suffering
20

298 VI AH AS II IS.

humanity won for them from a grateful people the true title
of angels of mercy and real Sisters of Charity. As a mark
of their success the present beautiful hospital, with its
spacious grounds, stands a noble monument. To Bishop
Scanlan and his associates are due the credit for the incep-
tion ot this beneficent institution.

Soon after the Sisters entered the new hospital Father
Scanlan set about to provide the children of his flock with a
school in the eastern part of the city. As a result, school
was opened in September, 1882, in the large, airy room of
the basement. Sixty scholars were in daily attendance. Its
influence for good was so manifest that it continued to pros-
per and received everv encouragement that its zealous
founder could offer. It was conducted successfully for four-
teen years, but in 1896, during the temporary absence of its
patron and founder, it was closed, and has remained so
since.

The site upon which All Hallows College now stands
was secured on January 8, 1881, it being the original inten-
tion to erect a new hospital thereon. In the spring of 1885
plans for the present college were made by Henry Monheim,
ground was broken and the work of construction began. In
September of the following year school was opened. Rev.
P. Blake, the pastor of Park City, assumed the presidency,
and with a corps of efficient teachers, All Hallows College
became one of the leading factors in this intermountain region.
Its present status and magnificent results are more extensively
commented on in succeeding pages.

Soon after the opening of All Hallows College in Sep-
tember. 1886, Father Scanlan received news of his appoint-
ment as Bishop of Salt Lake City. The news arrived Sep-
tember 16, through the Associated Press, but it was not until
the following April that Rome sent the bull by which he
learned the nature and extent of his official jurisdiction. He
was appointed Bishop of Larandum and Vicar Apostolic of
Utah and the counties of Eureka, Lander, Lincoln, White

THE CATHOLICS. 299

Pine, Nye and Elko in the State of Nevada, embracing an.
area of nearly 155,000 square miles. Bishop Scanlan's con-
secration took place in St. Mary's Cathedral, San Francisco,
June 29, 1887. Archbishop Riordan, assisted by Right Revs.
Eugene O'Connell and P. Manogue, officiated on the occasion.
Very Rev. J. J. Prendergast preached.

It was in 1889 that Bishop Scanlan commenced the
erection of his present residence, and being completed in 1891,
moved into it that year. His former residence was now va-
cant, and it was decided to devote it to the purpose of a new
institution. He had long been considering the great need of
an orphanage, where orphans and children of neglectful pa-
rents could receive attention. St. Ann's Orphanage was
then founded, and on October 15, 1891. three sisters from St.
Mary's Academy at Notre Dame, Ind., arrived and took
charge of St. Ann's. Twice since its opening Bishop Scan-
Ian was obliged to enlarge the building in order to accommo-
date the many applicants, and in June, 1898, he secured an
option on fifteen acres of land south of Twelfth South and
between Fourth and Fifth East. The result was that in May
of 1899, Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Kearns called on Bishop
Scanlan, and quietly told him that $50,000 was at his disposal
to build a suitable home for the orphanage. Ground was
broken in June and the corner stcne laid August 27, before
an immense concourse of people. Bishop Scanlan officiated
and preached the sermon, other speakers being Governor
H. M. Wells, Senator Rawlins, C. S. Varian and Thomas
Kearns. This splendid charity is now known as the
'•Kearns St. Ann's Orphanage."

Some years prior to this, or in 1889, a lot four by eight
rods was purchased for a church in which the spiritual needs
of the Catholics living on the west side of the city could be
supplied, and in 1892 the adjoining corner was also secured.
On the last mentioned lot was a brick cottage and frame
building, which has since October 16, 1892, been used as a.
church by the people of the west side,

CATHOLIC CATHEDRA!,,

THE CATHOLICS. 301

Were all the numerous and interesting features of the
remarkable life-work of Bishop Scanlan, during the growth
and development of the Catholic church and its connections
in this State particularly, to be published, it would require a
volume larger than this to contain them; but no greater tribute
to its magnificent success, no more glorious monument could
be had, than the material results embodied in noble cathedral
and beneficent institutions which beautify this city and State,
and which proclaim with an eloquence more potent than
words the fame and affection which are his.

Prosperous branches of the church have also been
established in Ogden, Park City, Bingham, Mercur and in
several other important places throughout the State.

ASSISTANT CLERGY.

THE following are the assistants to Bishop Scanlan of
the Catholic church in this city:

Rev. D. Kiely, V. G., who came here in 1874, from San
Francisco, and has been here continuously since.

Rev. M. Curran, arrived from Ireland in 1897.

Rev. William F. Morrissey, arrived from Ireland in 1898.

Rev. P. Bulfamonte, came from Sicily in 1899 to take
charge of the Italian communicants of the church.

Rev. Paul Donovan, arrived in 1903 from Brooklyn,
N. Y.

ALL HALLOWS COLLEGE.

UNDER the shadow of the Cross the lamp of knowledge
has been kept burning through the centuries, from central
see to farthest outpost, ever advancing to illumine the

302 UTAH AS IT IS.

pathway to higher aims and nobler aspirations. In the devel-
opment of the West, throughout the evolution of barren
wastes into sovereign States, the Fathers of the Catholic
church have been mighty factors — here as elsewhere. Plant-
ing their banners on the ramparts of the frontier, they stood
for Faith and Industry. They wooed the savage and taught
him the arts of peace. School houses were built and
ignorance was made war against. Then primitive structures
developed, with increasing population, into handsome edifices,
and knowledge spread. The church prospered and civiliza-
tion reared its monuments in temples o'er shrines to Intel-
lectuality and Truth. Human destiny was being wrought
out.

Among all the beneficent institutions which throughout
the West reflect the wisdom and enterprise of the Catholic
church and pre-eminently proclaim its efficiency in promoting
the educational as well as the spiritual development of all
within its pale, there is none more deserving of prominent
notice than All Hallows College of Salt Lake City. Its his-
tory during the past seventeen years has been replete with
interest, not only to the educator as such, but to all who are
observant of the forces which make for progress and good
citizenship.

Founded in 1886 by the Right Reverend Bishop Scan-
Ian, when existing conditions were more or less problematical
of success, the institution appealed to the filial feelings of the
church's communicants scattered through this inter-mountain
region, and for those years, under the direction of Bishop
Scanlan, the college slowly but firmly grew in strength and
favor. In 1889, however, the Marist Fathers assumed con-
trol, and with the increased influx of population, which
changing conditions brought about, All Hallows entered upon
a period of greater and growing prosperity, owing chiefly to
the wise direction and efficient training of the new regime.
The excellence of results, the high standard and salutary dis-
cipline maintained, the superior manhood which emerged

304 U1AH AS 11 IS.

from its portals, to take active part in the battle of life, and
the broadminded tolerance which produced the exerting of
influences over the minds of students not of the Catholic per-
suasion, have brought All Hallows to the realization of its
present splendid popularity.

The Fathers, of course, combine their instruction with
every effort to instill into the hearts and minds of their pupils
those fundamental principles of religion and virtue calculated
to make true men and useful citizens. The college is kept
abreast of the times, and whilst harmonizing with local
wants and desires, it is maintained as a model center of men-
tal and moral culture. Those whose means for the acqui-
sition of a liberal education are ample, as well as those who
are constrained by circumstances to the attainment of imme-
diate practical knowledge, may have their needs supplied,
with every consideration and facility inferior to no other
college any v. here.

The college buildings are commodious, and the class
rooms, study halls, bath rooms, dining halls and dormitories
are arranged with a view to comfort and convenience, being
well ventilated and lightsome, and fitted up with the latest
improvements, steam heating, electricity, etc. Every pos-
sible precaution against fire has been taken, the building
being equipped with fire escapes and each story provided
with hose and connections. The increasing popularity of
the college is eloquently attested by the handsome new
structure just erected this year at a cost of nearly $100,000,
and containing sixty additional rooms. Gymnastics and ath-
letics are also amply provided for, and altogether All Hal-
lows is a college ideal and complete.

To the Very Rev. John J. Guinan, S. M., the present
president and treasurer, much praise is due for the able efforts
that have resulted in such great success, so that today,
architecturally, educationally and financially, All Hallows
stands in the foreground of institutions of which not only the
great Catholic church but the State may well be proud.

THE OTHER CHURCHES.

SHOWING OF THE DIFFERENT DENOMINA-
TIONS HERE.

question of how Christianity in its strictly sectarian as-
-*• pects flourishes in the land discovered and built up by those
to whom all the other creeds are more or less opposed, is
one of more general interest to those at a distance, perhaps,
than those who are daily witnesses of the situation, and yet
not devoid of interest here at home. Also, the founding, the
founders and the general status of each of the organizations
are matters of no little concern to the reading public at large,
while of decided importance to more than a few. The re-
straints imposed upon the book as a whole and this depart-
ment in particular — those of time and space — are apparent,
so that great particularity and elaboration are not to be looked
for; but enough is given to make the showing as a whole a
very fair one.

PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

THE House of Bishops of this organization held a special
session in October, 1866, and created a new missionary field
of which Utah was part, and the well and favorably known
minister Daniel S. Tuttle was assigned thereto. He was

306 UTAH AS IT IS.

preceded to Utah by his helpers, Revs. George W. Foote
and T. W. Haskins, they arriving in May, 18^7. They
secured the old Independence Hall, Salt Lake City, and here
the first services were held. The mission was given the
name of St. Mark's. Bishop Tuttle arrived July 2d, 1867.
A school was soon established as an adjunct, which grew
vigorously, converts became numerous, and a fine school
building was erected on East First South Street. To this es-
tablishment is due the honor of holding the first school com
mencement. It is needless to say the church is in a flourish-
ing condition. At this writing the bishopric is vacant
through the death of Rev. Abiel Leonard.

Ground was broken in June, 1870, for a grand cathedral,
which was finished September 3, 1871. The church has
many other institutions and several branches in Utah, all
doing well, among them the widely known and largely pat-
ronized Rowland Hall.

This institution (an excellent cut of which appears here-
with) is one of the well known and widely popular creations
of our Episcopal friends. It was 23 years old on September
9, 1903. Its aim is to give intellectual training, combined
with social culture and Christian influence, and special atten-
tion is given to the manners, habits and conversation of pupils,
as well as to their studies. The hall is located in a healthful
and attractive portion of Salt Lake City, and is so arranged,
equipped and conducted as to be not only a school but a well-
ordered home. It was established for the convenience of
those desiring to prepare their daughters for Eastern colleges
(or give them a finished education without sending them
East), and in this connection it is proper to say that its cer-
tificate admits to either Smith or Wellesley colleges, this
being the only college recognized by Eastern ones as a pre-
paratory school.

Very Rev. James B. Eddie is Vice-Rector and Chaplain;
Miss Clara I. Colburne, A. B., is Principal, having held the
position for ten years. The faculty otherwise are as follows :

•308 U1AH AS IT IS.

Miss Martha K. Humphrey (Smith College), Mathematics
and Science; Miss Annie Starling, English; Miss Katharine
Russell, Latin and History; Miss Henrietta English, French
and German; Miss Miriam Starling, Preparatory Department,
Grades V, VI and VII; Miss Sarah J. Simpson, Preparatory
Department, Grades I, II, Illand IV; Miss Gratia Flanders.
Piano and Musical Literature; Mrs. Chas. Plummer, Vocal
Music; Mrs. Franc Elliot, Supervisor of Drawing; Mrs. R. H.
Cabell, Matron; Miss Louise Sissa, Home Mother.

PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.

IN 1869, Rev. Sheldon Jackson, who had previously been
appointed superintendent of missions for this region, estab-
lished Presbyterianism at Corinne, Utah, and placed Rev. M.
Hughes in charge. The church was organized with ten
members on July 14, 1870, and a building for worship was
soon erected. In July, 1871, it was decided to establish a
mission in Salt Lake City, and in September, 1871, Rev.
Josiah Welsh was duly installed as pastor. The organization
here (also with ten members) was on November 12. 1871.
A lot was purchased some time after and an edifice for con-
gregational services begun in the spring of 1874, being dedi-
cated October ii of the same year. The present pastor is
Rev. Dr. W. M. Paden, a man of great energy and ability, his
term having proved quite successful. The church has
branches all through the State, these being without exception
in a flourishing condition.

METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

THIS organization (as such) entered Utah in 1869, the
entry being made by Rev. L. Hartsough, who visited and
preached in Salt Lake City. He was subsequently appointed

THE OTHER CHURCHES. 309

superintendent of the Utah mission. In the Spring of 1870
Rev. G. M. Pierce was appointed to this work and held his
first service on May 15, in the loft of Faust & Houtz'
livery stable, which subsequently did service as the arena in
which the United States court held sway. Soon after a
church building was opened and dedicated at Corinne. On
August 8, 1872, in Salt Lake City, the Rocky Mountain
Conference, embracing Utah, Montana, Idaho and part of
Wyoming, was organized. Like the Episcopals,the first regular
service was held in Independence Hall, the date being May
15, 1870, In December, 1871, the lower story of the church
building which had been contracted for and under construc-
tion for some little time, was temporarily enclosed and in it
the services were thereafter held. It became a fine building,
costing over $So,ooo. Of course this is not the only structure
our Methodist friends have. They are an exceedingly ener-
getic people and have kept things going until their ramifica-
tions are abundant in the metropolis and throughout the State.
Rev. J. L. Leilich is the present presiding elder.

LUTHERAN CHURCH.

THE most numerous membership of this organization is
that of the Swedish Lutheran Zion Church, which was or-
ganized July 18, 1882, with five members. Since its organ-
ization it has enrolled no less than four hundred members.
It stands now as the largest Lutheran congregation in the
State. Its church properly is centrally located in one of the
finest residence parts and at the same time near to the busi-
ness portion of the city. The church property is valued at
$40,000 and the congregation owns one of the finest par-
sonages in the city. Besides this, there are the English*
German and Norwegian Lutherans, each with a goodly
membership and prospects.

310 UTAH AS IT IS.

What can be said to the credit of the congregation is that
it owes not a cent on its church property.

The different societies in the church are in a flourishing
condition. The services are well attended. The church has
always treated its pastors well, which accounts for the fact
that during twenty years the church has not had more than
three pastors, the present incumbent having taken charge
within two years. The first pastor was J. A. Krantz, now of
Duluth, Minn. He was succeeded by F. A. Linder, now of
Marquette, Mich. Following him was A. P. Martin now of
Chicago, 111. Rev. P. E. Asley was his successor. The
present incumbent of the pastoral office, Rev. Emanuel
Rydberg, arrived here from Chicago, where he left an im-
portant charge to come to the Zion Church and to the super-
intendency of the Swedish Lutheran missions in the State.
He took charge in April, 1902, and his efforts have been
crowned with success not only in the local work, but also in
the State, he having organized no less than three new congre-
gations within a year. The Zion church desires to continue,
as it hitherto has been, a beacon of light and hope to the
thousands of Swedish inhabitants in Salt Lake.

BAPTIST CHURCH,

AFTER some more or less intangible beginnings, the Bap-
tists effected an organization in Salt Lake City, on February,
1872, Rev. Mr. Brown, of EvanstOn, Wyo., officiating. In July,
1882, Rev. Dwight Spencer reinaugurated the work, regular
services beginning in October following. He secured help
and soon began the erection of a church building, the corner
stone of which was laid on Aug. 26, 1883, Gov. Murray pre-
siding. Rev. H. G. DeWitt became the first regular pastor
in March, 1884. It has grown quite vigorously and has a

THE OTHER CHURCHES. 311

number of branch organizations in Salt Lake City and
throughout the State, besides several auxiliary societies.

Rev. D. Arthur Brown is pastor of the First Baptist
Church and Rev. Frank Barnett of the East Side Church,
Salt Lake City.

THE JEWS.

THE Jewish element in our midst — a large and respec-
able aggregation — are entitled to mention in this department,
albeit they do no proselyting whatever and represent a nation
or race as well as a religion. The first to come to Utah were
a young couple, Julius G. Brooks and wife, who finally set-
tled in Salt Lake City. Their numbers slowly increased and
are still increasing, and embrace some names well known
throughout the country. A minyan was established on Sept.
18, 1866, and meetings have been held ever since. In 1874
there were enough members to form a regular organization,
to which was given the name "B'nai Israel." A modest syna-
gogue was soon erected and in 1885 a rabbi was secured in
the person of Rev. Leon Strauss of Eutaula, Ala., he re-
maining but one year. The synagogue property was sold in
1889 and with the funds thus realized and subscriptions from
increasing membership the Jews were able to support a min-
ister and secured the services of Rev. Herman J. Elkin, of
Cincinnati, as Rabbi. A lot was then purchased on Fourth
East Street and a beautiful and commodious synagogue was
constructed at a cost of over $30,000, another one being now
completed. The present rabbi is Rev. L. G. Reynolds.

UNITARIAN CHURCH.

THE only Unitarian church in Utah was organized in
February, 1891, in Salt Lake City, by Rev. David Utter, the
ope being W, H, Fish, Jr, Its first services were,

312 UTAH AS IT IS.

conducted in the Salt Lake Theatre but it now has a more
appropriate housing in a building on Second East street, be-
tween First and Second South. The church has gro\vn
steadily in membership and influence.

CENTRAL CHRISTIAN CHURCH.

THIS church was organized in Salt Lake City in April,
1890, with twelve members. The first pastor was Rev. W.
F. Cowden, the present one being Rev. T. W. Pinkerton. It
is a missionary organization and as such receives aid from
the Board of Missions; it has recently completed a fine church
building in an eligible location and is doing well in a general
way.

IT is not pretended that the foregoing is an exhaustive
showing of the religious element otherwise than the Mor-
mon and Catholic churches. There are several branches of
most of them, some of them having different names; their
are also the Christian Scientists, the Reorganized or Josephite
church and the Congregationalists, each with quite a numer-
ous and respectable membership, and becoming places of
worship. The space for church mention, which was deemed
ample at the beginning, is exhausted at this point.

IRRIGATION & AGRICULTURE.

INTER-DEPENDENT INDUSTRIES STILL GROW-
ING.

AS HAS been shown elsewhere in this volume, irrigation
owes its existence as an applied science to agriculture,
and vice versa. The proportions attained by either are utterly
past elucidation, and except in a general and aggregated
way the same is true as to the visible results of the union of
the two. The number of incorporated irrigation com-
panies, some of them very great as to capitalization and
areas covered, would make a formidable array if published
all together; while the unincorporated and individual systems
of land-watering are utterly beyond enumeration or computa-
tion. And still there are vast tracts of the finest soil "out of
doors" awaiting but the magic touch of irrigation to bloom
as a garden and contribute mighty sums to the wealth of the
State. Along the line of the San Pedro railroad between
Nephi and the southwestern boundary line of Utah, is enough
of such land to provide sustenance for the whole population
of the United States; at present, except in far-apart spots, it
produces sagebrush, jack rabbits and lizards. But the change
is coming, slowly enough, of course, yet still coming.

The principal water supplies are the Utah Lake drain-
age, Bear River, the basin of the Sevier River, that of the
Uintah, Ogden and Weber rivers, and the country which
may be watered from Grand River. Of these the first two

314 U1AH AS II IS.

sections contain the greater part of the population of the
State.

In a recent article Mr. T. B. Hollister, a hydrographer
of note, declares that the streams draining into Utah valley
and Great Salt Lake, viz.: Provo River, Spanish Fork, Amer-
ican Fork, City Creek, Parley's Creek and Mill Creek, are of
special importance, as on them depends not only the supply
for the irrigation of rich valley lands, but the generation of
extensive power and the supply of Salt Lake City and other
nearby communities. The power utilized on Provo River
and the power plant on American Fork give excellent
examples of the value of the streams in this direction, while
the largest power plant in the State is located in Ogden can-
yon.

The second section whose streams have received the at-
tention of the geographical survey is that drained by Bear
River, especially the tributaries which enter the fertile Cache
valley. Logan River, Blacksmith Fork, Cub River, Bear and
Little Bear, are all being systematically gauged. Bear River
is assuming additional importance on account of the new
canal to divert p irt of its water to irrigate a tract of land on
the east side of Cache valley. Blacksmith Fork is also a
stream of much importance and a knowledge of its flow is of
value, as it provides water for six irrigation canals and one
large power canal. For the first twenty-five miles of its
course, this river like many other Utah streams, descends
rapidly through a precipitous canyon and affords excellent
water-power facilities. Another stream in this section which
is being measured by Prof. Swendsen, and which is of great
importance, is Logan River, its entire supply of water, 160 to
170 cubic feet per second, being used for irrigation during
the low water season.

The drainage area of Sevier river forms a section by it-
self. With proper storage at the foot of the various valleys
through which it passes, there would be water sufficient to
irrigate a considerable acreage, but it is necessary to obtain a

IRRIGA TION AND A GRICUL TURE. 315

better knowledge of the flood flow. Less accurate informa-
tion has been obtained regarding this section than any other
referred to.

As has been previously shown, Utah introduced the sys-
tem in the United States and has kept in the lead right
along. Co-operation is the keynote to her success in this
and other respects. Mr. R. P. Teele, a Government expert,
shows that in other parts of the West co-operation has built
many small canals and a few good-sized ones, but capita) has
built most of them. In Utah, with but few exceptions, the
canals have been built by those who must use them. The
irrigators are their own "water lords," and are subject to no
exactions but those placed upon themselves. How much
this means can only be understood by those who have seen
the evils of trying to farm under a canal whose owners are
not the water-users, and who run the canal for a profit on the
investment.

In the matter of water rights Utah stands at the head.
In the other States and Territories the first appropriator
from a stream obtains a right to a constant flow of whatever
volume he has appropriated. The next appropriator does
the same, subject to the rights of his predecessor. This con-
tinues down to the last appropriator. In times of shortage
the last appropriator is cut off entirely, while the others
draw their full supply even though they might be better off
with less water. As the shortage becomes greater the
water-users ^are cut off in turn, the earlier ones still drawing
a full supply, until but one canal, perhaps, is drawing any
water used by a farmer. These streams are then used in
turn by those having rights to their use, instead of being di-
vided into smaller streams, one of which is used constantly
by each holder of a right. The Utah practice is rapidly be-
ing adopted in other regions, but was for a long time peculiar
to that State.

The last computed report of the State Statistician
showed the total farming acreage to be 1,301,826, the acreage

316

UTAH AS IT IS.

under fence 956,428 and the acreage under cultivation 507,-
115. The production of wheat was 1,719,106 bushels, an
average per acre of 17.5; of oats, 1,2^8,277 bushels, an aver-
age of 32.9; corn, 177,997 bushels, average 19.10; of pota-
toes, 1,355,722, average 134.3. These figures, excepting the
averages, would all show some increase for this year, but
probably not more than 10 per cent, depending chiefly upon
the additional number of people who have gone into farming,
and this is not great, certainly not more than the percentage
stated.

In this connection, reference should be made to the great
Irrigation Congress held at Ogden in September, 1903. The
proceedings have been printed in book form and the interested
reader is referred to this for information.

SALT LAKE CITY AND COUNTY B&II.DINC.

MINES AND MINING.

ORIGIN AND GROWTH OF OUR GIANT INDUS-
TRY.

UTAH'S developments in aid of the economic world and
all other ways, is a great story — too big for this little
book to be able, more than partially, to unfold. What the
State has done, is still doing and for many years will con-
tinue to do in the way of home-making, home-building and
home-improving, is of course inconceivable, and therefore
goes with an incomplete yet reasonably comprehensive show-
ing herein; the chief object is to show how, where, when and
by whom all the elements of growth originated here and how
as well as by what circumstances they have reached their
periods of evolution, without going painfully into statistics.
As to this phase of the question, no other subject is so full of
real, material, widespread interest as that of mining. By
reason of our mines and their ceaseless products, we reach a
wider and more comprehensive circle of people and places
within the great zones of civilization and progress than could
have been found by any other human agency.

In this department the matter is, as is mainly the case
elsewhere, general and descriptive, rather than statistical. The
book is not a gazetteer, but aims at giving the origin, pro-
gress and present development of our various enterprises with
so much ,of particularity as circumstances may permit and
conditions make necessary. To give the story of mining in
Utah in detail would require not merely a volume but a li-

318 UTAH AS IT IS.

brary, and then it would not be perfectly told. In fact, the
word "mining" has come to be used in a much wider and
more comprehensive sense than the dictionaries authorize,
embracing as it does, for instance, boring for oil. In this lat-
ter respect Utah has not yet shown up its well known posses-
sions to any great extent, but every day, every hour, brings
us nearer to the attainment of such productiveness in the
matter of petroleum, paraffin, etc., as will attract the attention
of the world, the quantity being already shown to be unlimited
as far as human judgment can determine, while the quality
is equal to any on earth. In the carbons and hydrocarbons
also, many of the accessible ranges and many more others
not yet reached by railway, are to be found in practically in-
exhaustible quantities — enough to last the world for ages to
come, no doubt.

THE FIRST MINING HERE.

THERE was no record made, at least none handed down
— of the first mining done in Utah. Some time, perhaps a
very long time, before the advent of the white race in these
mountain retreats the industry was carried on, though of
course in a restricted fashion, corresponding with the primi-
tive methods then in vogue. There are now in various parts
of the State, and for that matter ail over the Pacific Coast,
abundant evidences of the burrowing propensities of the
aboriginal Mexicans and Spaniards. These of course mined
only for the more precious of the precious metals and for the
useful ones not at all, the reasons for this being obvious
enough — they could not with their means of extraction go very
far in the matter of development, so that everything must
be high grade "from the grass roots," to use a common mining
expression and with the mechanism employed in the reduc-
tion of ores could only handle the best grades, without saving
all the metal even in them. After they had gone as for on a

MINES AND MINING. 319

fissure or deposit as their capabilities would permit, it was
apparently their custom to fill up the cavities, at least the
most of those old finds that have been unearthed were so
treated, either by the Mexicans or by nature, the chances
greatly favoring the former. These are good property, as a
general thing, when found, for the reason that no want of
materials to work on but the means of getting the materials
out was oftener than otherwise the cause of abandonment.
Such mines would not in all likelihood be found by adhering
to the rules generally obtaining among the prospecting fra-
ternity; these rely first upon "float," or small detached frag-
ments of a vein or outcropping rolled to the place where
found from a higher altitude, the exact origin being guessed
at and looked for, and when found (if found at all) present-
ing to the untrained eye an appearance as much unlike the
commonly accepted idea of a repository of precious metals as
possible. In the case of the Mexican or Spanish mine, not
an upheaval but a depression in the face of nature is the thing
to look for, and there being many of these caused by other
agencies than the handiwork of man, it follows that one might
work for a long time in getting out the "filling" only to find
at last that there was literally nothing in it. If one should be
struck, however, there would probably be a vastly different
tale to tell, but there have been very few such instances up to
date.

THE PROSPECTOR.

SPEAKING of "finding" things at once suggests the pros-
pector— that hardy, persistent, courageous, intelligent man
who is the inception and mainspring of all the wealth result-
ing from unlocking the treasure vaults of nature. He makes
the discoveries as a result of his hard labor, perseverance and

320

U1AH AS 11 IS.

knowledge gained by the sweat of his brow in the unequal

struggle with forbidding nature only that others may reap

the benefit later on. Sometimes he runs out of provisions

and equipment for work
after a whole season's
blasting, digging and
shoveling, buoyed up by
the hope that the next
foot or ^o must "show
up" what he is after, and
finally the last ditch is
reached and the struggle
abandoned when he is, per-
haps, within a few inches
of the hidden treasure.
The amount in dollars
and cents represented by
THE FAKE PROSPECTOR. this abortive but vigilant

and wearing toil, in the region west of the Rocky Mountains,

reckoning by day's labor at fair wages and the expense of

maintenance, can never

be imagined, let alone

computed. It passes the

limit defined by seven

figures and possibly that

of eight, and all there is

to show for the enormous

outlay of toil and money

are the numerous holes in

the ground and attendant

mounds, mutely eloquent

reminders of the ceaseless

struggle in which at such

points stubborn old nature

successfully resisted the THE REAL THING.

attacks made upon her flinty breastworks. After several

MINES AND MINING. 321

such reverses the weary prospector, despondent, broken
down, his resolution about gone, wanders into civilization to
subsist as best he can until the snows again disappear, and
then if he can prevail upon some one having the means to
equip him with a "grub stake," he sallies forth once more to
storm the crags and if possible force an entrance into the sil-
ver-lined and gold-framed portals of Pluto. If he fails to get the
necessary backing, the jig is up, of course, unless he is re-
sourceful and raises means on his own account. The fact
that it has steadily became more and more difficult to get a
stake is by no means because men of capital with mining
tendencies are close and grasping — as a rule they are very
much the reverse; but so many fakirs have intruded into the
grand army of prospectors, men who obtain money and
either through indolence, ignorance or a disposition to de-
fraud— perhaps all three — do nothing for it, that speculators
have become wary and the upright worker has to suffer for
the sins of the other class. Perhaps, however, he may suc-
ceed, and if he makes a "strike" he seldom loses time in mak-
ing his way to town and seeking the most available and
promising means of realizing something upon his success.
With this accomplished you will soon see him with a brand
new suit of badly-fitting clothes in which a blue flannel shirt
and a flaming necktie are conspicuous, with a clean shave
and (alas!) a jag that proclaims its existence from every line-
ament and at every speech, and a breath that would burn a
hole in a blanket. With all this, he is seldom bad, always
liberal and as honest as the common run of men ever get to
be. As shown, he does more hard work that avails him noth-
ing and gets less for what he actually produces than any
other man on earth as a rule; he is the mainspring of com-
merce, one of the bulwarks of civilization, an evangel of prog-
ress, and the strong right arm of enterprise. He is entitled
to a monument, and if I ever succeed in disposing of any of

322 UTAH AS IT IS.

my numerous locations to advantage, I will see that he
has it.

THE PIONEER MINE AND DISTRICT.

THE first attention that was given to the extraction and
treatment of ores in a systematic way related entirely to
those which are indispensable to mankind in his civilized
state — iron and lead, the former not having received so much
attention. As far back as 1858 it became known that there
were great veins and deposits of lead near the young town of
Minersville, in Beaver County; also that Iron County abound-
ed in the ore from which it derived its name. In the case of
the lead deposits it was deemed advisable to work them to
some extent for the purpose of keeping the settlers in that
and some other parts of the Territory supplied with bullets
for protection against Indians and wild beasts, also for many
other things of daily requirement. Accordingly work was
commenced on a fissure which yielded handsomely from the
beginning and has since contributed many thousands of dol-
lars in gold, silver and lead to the world's wealth. It was
quite an item for those days, with supply points so far away
and freights so high, to be able to produce all the lead which
the people needed at a trifling cost, but it was done and kept
up for some time. All the while, as depth was gained, it
was noticeable that the metal became gradually harder and
without any of the scientific apparatus in vogue with which
to make tests, intuition and experience united told the workers
that the cause of the increasing hardness was the presence in
an enlarging percentage of lead's almost invariable associate,
silver. It then ceased to be a merchantable article for a time,
for two reasons — it was a loss of money to sell the white
metal at the cost of the blue, and there were no available
means at that time of separating the two. Thus it was that
Utah lead in the early sixties ceased to be a factor of com-

MINES AND MINING. 323

merce in the Territory of Utah, but it was the foundation
of the mining industry in this community. I have been
reading an account which places the credit point in Little Cot-
tonwood canyon, another locating it near Stockton as the
work of Colonel Connor's soldiers in 1862. Neither of these
is anywhere near correct, and for the benefit of those who
require exact information on the subject, the foregoing is pre-
sented as the facts in the case. Not only was the extraction
of ores from the old Rollins lead mine, as it was called, in
1858, the first mining done in Utah by civilized agencies, but
the region of country in which it is situated became the first
organized mining district in the Territory; this was accom-
plished in 1861, the name Lincoln being given it, which name
was also subsequently given to the old lead mine. It and the
adjoining properties have since been worked systematically
and thoroughly by capitalized companies representing other
parts of the Union as well as Utah, and in the district other
locations have been made in later years until now there are
fully 100 recorded claims. Some of these have been great
producers and will probably be such again, as, while the total
amount of work done in the district represents hundreds of
thousands of dollars, the development is comparatively su-
perficial.

As Lincoln is the pioneer district and contains the origi-
nal as well as for a long time the only mine of Utah, it is en-
titled to a little more than a mere mention in this article.
Perhaps there was not one soul in attendance when the virgin
soil was broken and the glistening galena first reflected the
light of the sun, nor any one else into whose mind there en-
tered even a suggestion that following in the wake of that
rude beginning in the years shortly to come would be an in-
dustry rivaling all others in our midst and second in import-
ance on similar Jines of occupation to those of but very few
in the sisterhood of commonwealths; but so it was. That
other localities were prospected, mines located and some few
worked before the pioneer district became generally known

324 U1AH AS IT IS.

to the commercial world through its products and its produc-
tive capacity, does not take from it one jot or tittle of its
right to the title deeds falling to it as the Genesis of these
great industries in our midst; nor does the other and prevail-
ing fact that it has been measurably idle for several years
contribute in the least toward diminishing its wealth of min-
erals laid away in the great storehouses of nature and waiting
for the further enterprise and labor of man to bring them
into the light of day and make them useful to our race and
time.

The special drawbacks to the pioneer district have been
partly natural and partly artificial, the latter being chiefly in-
experience, ignorance, mismanagement and the inability to
cause speculators and investors to understand the situation as
it is. The other detriment is a vein of living water cut right
through at a low level in the Lincoln shaft. This was in
1872, when a town (or "camp") of considerable proportions
had gathered in the principal gulch, some 100 houses having
been built and 500 or 600 people occupying them, with all
lines of business peculiar to such places flourishing. The
Lincoln was then in the heyday of prosperity, many
men were employed, shipments were regular, and as
the property exhibited no symptoms of declining in
either quantity or quality of its products, a great future
seemed to be in store for it. Not only tnis, but by reason of
its operations and promise other mines in the district were
being worked with a will, some shipping ore and others near-
ing as rapidly as possible the point at which this could be
done, the Lincoln being thus a sort of industrial cynosure or
nucleus for the others, which acted more or less in sympathy
with it.

THE NEXT MOVEMENT

Of a systematic character in the direction of mining develop-
ment was by the enlisted men of General Connor's command

MINES AND MINING. 325

at Fort Douglas. In 1863 the General issued an order an-
nouncing with more or less high-sounding phrase the exist-
ence of wealth-bearing deposits in the mountains of Utah and
assuring those who desired to prospect and open up the treas-
ure houses of nature that they should have encouragement
and protection if need be — or words to that effect. Not only
this, but the soldiers themselves were given permission to
scale the heights, storm the crags and reduce to personal
possession the profit-bearing fissures of old mother Earth.
The year following, or at least not long after the promulga-
tion of this remarkable edict, several companies of troops
were ordered to Rush Valley, Tooele county, where there
was better grazing grounds for the animals than anywhere
near the fort. Early in the spring of 1864 this detachment
camped at what has since been the town of Stockton, and
prospecting became one of the first and most assiduously fol-
lowed employments. They soon organized as a part of
West Mountain mining district (this being the second, I be-
lieve, in the Territory), covering an enormous scope of coun-
try which embraced Bingham Canyon; the miners on the west
side of the Oquirrh range subsequently, however, met and
organized separately as Rush Lake Valley district. Many
locations were made, some of which proved to be very rich,
but the vast majority, as in most other cases, not amounting
to much on the average. The fortunes of this region have
fluctuated considerably and at this writing seem to be on the
up grade with somewhat more of a promise of stable pros-
perity.

THE MINES OF BINGHAM.

THE vast and numerous producers of Bingham, which
number such giants as the Highland Boy, Utah Consolidated,
Butler-Liberal and many others, were discovered the same
year as, perhaps a Httle earlier than, those of the west side of

326 UTAH AS IT IS.

the range, but there is less definiteness regarding the event
or events, since, from all accounts, there appears to have been
a series of them with nothing definite of record as to the first
location. It seems to have been regarded at first as a silver-
lead district, but subsequently developed gold and copper in
large quantities. Its sluicing operations for fine gold and
nuggets have been a marked feature for years and are still
going on in a desultory way, with more or less profit to those
engaged in them. "The Old Reliable." as it is called, thus
affords many a dollar to those who otherwise v,ould be un-
able to get it.

A SHADY BEGINNING.

THE first mine to bring Utah into close communion with
the outside world was the notorious Emma of Little Cotton-
wood. With its advent upon the field of commerce came also
others in the same neighborhood, and the camp which grew
up in the summits of the mountains at the head of that can-
yon was appropriately named Alta. It was a very lively lit-
tle place for a time, containing at different periods as many as
1000 persons, chiefly men, although th^re were a few fam-
ilies. It was a rigorous place to live in during the winter
season, the snow sometimes being twenty feet or more in
depth, and several lives were lost there by reason of ava-
lanches. It must also be said of the Emma that it did not
stop with making for us a new commercial chain with the
great centers of the earth, but came near destroying its off-
spring by precipitating upon the mining industry specifically
and upon the whole Territory incidentally one of the most
stupendous and disgusting frauds ever worked upon an un-
suspecting world.

The Emma was discovered in 1863 by a couple of pros-
pectors who seemed to have no particular object in view, but
were disposed to keep their eyes open and be ever on the

MINES AND MINING. 327

lookout for the "main chance." The "croppings" or top rock
projecting from a ledge above the surface of the point which
was afterwards christened as above attracted their attention
and after examination it was decided to make a location.
Not much was done in the way of development and the work
went slowly along, only about one hundred tons of ore being
taken out the first year. Subsequently some Utah parties,
the Woodhulls, Captain Woodman, Joseph R. Walker and
others of greater or lesser periods of residence became
owners, then came Trenor W. Park and H. H, Baxter from
the East, who also acquired interest in the property, which
had been undergoing some litigation. The attention of others
was attracted to the property and an arrangement entered
into on the basis of effecting an English sale, and here we
have the foundation of the great scandal. It is related, not
as a matter of recorded history but as something passing
from mouth to mouth, that the highest valuation ever placed
on the Emma previous to the raid made on our foreign cous-
ins was said to be $250,000, and this after the ledge had nar-
rowed down from one of goodly proportions to the thickness
of a knife-blade and was followed until it opened out into a
chamber of ore. Those who are familiar with either geolog-
ical laws or practical mining to a considerable extent will
readily endorse the statement that great chambers generally
run out in about the same way that they come in — all at
once. They are likely to be immense while they last, and
with people who are new to the business to deal with and in
a virgin district, such deposits for "fleecing" purposes cannot
be beaten. Of course the speculators knew this, and they
did nothing to diminish their stock in trade. This has little if
any reference to the Utah owners and investors, who seemed
to be acting in good faith all along, and through whose oper-
ations the first lot of bullion ever run out in Utah was pro-
duced; this was placed in a wagon and paraded in triumph
up and down Main street of Salt Lake City.

_ With the exception noted, which occurring so early in

328 UTAH AS IT IS.

our mining career finds the one excuse of newness and cor-
respondingly raw conditions, Utah has been as in everything
else a shining mark. No community and no class of people
can at all times and in every case control individual acts; so
that, even now, frauds may be attempted and perhaps carried
out on a small scale; but these are so sternly frowned down, so
little comfort is given to the perpetrators, that the example
made is an effectual preventive of infection; and it is now per-
fectly proper to show to the world that mining in our midst is
on the same plane as are other legitimate enterprises, being
amply encouraged by results and fully protected at all stages
by law.

TINTIC MINING DISTRICT.

THIS district comes next in order of general mention, hav-
ing been established in 1869, late in the year. To the Sun-
beam location is accredited the distinction of being the first,
though some little prospecting had taken place before. The
district is now, and has been for years, the home of some of
the greatest mines of the world. It is ten by fifteen miles in
area, the long way running north and south. The ores aver-
age higher in value and the lower workings are freer from
water than is the case with any of the old districts of the
State, and while all the others have to get along with not
more than one town of consequence each, Tintic has five —
Eureka, Silver City, Mammoth, Diamond City and Homans-
ville. The first of these has almost reached metropolitan pro-
portions, being nearly if not quite as populous and business-
like as Park City. The belief that Tintic's best days are
ahead of it is quite general with those who know and com-
prehend, and their faith is one that each day's development
does but tend to strengthen.

The list of mines contained in this district and its environs
is a most formidable array. It is estimated that these produce

MINES AND MINING. 329

(in value) one-third of the total ore shipments of the
State.

TINTIC DISCOVERIES.

Under this heading a great deal of contradictory mat-
ter is extant. It seems impossible in such cases, where no
records were kept and those who were on the ground widely
separated by death or distance, to get at the exact facts as to
every feature. It should also be remembered that because
different statements vary they are not of necessity thereby
false, nor is either of them. Being the home of one of the mos
munificent dividend payers on the Pacific coast— the Centent
nial Eureka, and one not so very far behind it — the Bullion-
Beck & Champion, as well as many other high-class mining
properties, the history of Tintic is something which should be
preserved.

One authority gives the location of the mine first
named as being on the 2nd of June, 1876, and N. P.
Lake as the discoverer. It does not follow, however, that
Mr. Lake, or any other person associated with him or other-
wise was the first to discover pay ore on what is known as
Eureka Hill, nor does the honor fall to anyone in so recent a
period of time. The writer has had a personal interview
with some of the men who were first on that now historic
ground and the event occurred in 1869. These were W. L.
and B. L. Croff; John Beck, of this city; Peck Brothers,
Darwin Walton, Sidney Worsley and some others. They
found fine lead s.imples on top of the ground. They dis-
covered the Eureka and Eureka Twin mines and did con-
siderable work on them. Like Mark Twain, they were un-
doubtedly millionaires for awhile but didn't know it. Soon
after this the Mammoth mine was discovered and was then
called the Crismon-Mammoth, from which I have seen sam-
ples that were about one-half pure copper, the rest pretty
much pure 'gold; the locators and owners were Charles
and George Crismon and the Mclntyres. Other locations at

"22

330 U1AH AS II IS.

that time or following soon after were the Sunbeam, Morn-
ing-Glory, Undine and others which have achieved wide repu-
tations. Such great wealth makers as the Grand Central,
Uncle Sam, Tetro and many others are too well known to
need extended mention.

PARK CITY (UINTAH DISTRICT).

WHERE is now the large and flourishing town of Park
City was the scene of the next big mining attraction in
chronological order. The beginning here was made with
the discovery of the great Ontario mine in 1872, and, as is
the case nearly everywhere else, when the first find proves a
good one, others follow in rapid succession. In this case,
those which followed proved, in a greater number of in-
stances than usual, to be worthy associates of a great ex-
emplar. As elsewhere, the Park has had its share of tribu-
lations consequent upon demonetization and its concomitant
evils, besides a destructive fire a few years ago. The place
early outgrew its purely mining camp character, and became
a. thoroughgoing, pushing town of the first class — a city in
contemplation of law, being incorporated as such — with school
houses, churches, fine buildings, large mercantile establish-
ments, two railroads, and a population which has been as
much as 5000.

THE ONTARIO MINE.

Nothing in Utah literature of late years diffuses more of
the odor of an Arabian Nights story than the account of the
finding and subsequent history of the Ontario mine, Park
City. Travelers bound for all parts had passed over the
ground and doubtless in many cases placed their feet upon
the identical spot where the first piece of ore was found, and
which finding was the forerunner of millions and millions of

MINES AND MINING. 331

wealth being added to the resources of the land. None of
them could see anything there but stunted brush, sun-baked
stones, an abundance of bushy foliage, and indicative of any-
thing on earth but the roof of one of the greatest treasure-
house ever contained within the nether domain of nature.
How very true it is that one person can see as far into a
mountain as another! No man, woman or child knows what
he walks over every day, perhaps every hour; and it is, all
things considered, just as well that it is so.

On a warm summer day — it being the ipth of July — a
prospector in Parley's Park made the location which has
since bcome famous in the annals of mining. His name was
Herman Budden and he was of Austrian nativity, but came
here from California. He had followed the business of pros-
pecting in the neighborhood of where the location was made
for some months, invariably without success. After one of
his fruitless jaunts, when coming down the hill and near the
bottom, his eye happened by the merest chance to rest upon
a projecting rock, which looked like so many others in the
neighborhood and at many places where he had been, that
it is the greatest wonder, in his tired and more or less faint-
hearted condition, that he stopped long enough; but he was
made of the material of which the true prospector is com-
posed, and he proceeded to knock off a chunk of it with his
pick, taking the piece along with him.

The more he examined the rock the more impressed was
he with the belief that it carried mineral, and he decided fi-
nally to make the location, which was done, as above stated.
Had he been as easily discouraged or as lacking in tenacity
and determination as some others who have gone into
the business that I know of, there would, in all probability,
have been no Ontario mine, with its grand retinue of great
wealth-producers and all the adjuncts of civilization and
progress in full sway alongside of it; but Budden had the
necessary qualities, and the waiting opportunity seized him
#s he passed. His hesitation afterward had to be overcome,

332 UTAH AS IT IS.

for mere "finds" by prospectors were common enough, and few
indeed there were who would risk a dollar or any other sum
on them. It was, in fact, and is yet, a rare thing to get a
willing investor to make the indispensably prerequisite trip
to the discovery, while "float" is also common and by no
means an indication of the presence of a ledge; samples are
easily obtained almost everywhere, and a "blossom" — that is,
a small fragment of good rock capping a worthless vein or
projection — is sometimes found.

These and other things operate detrimentally to getting
a capitalist to undertake the discomfort or undergo the ex-
pense of sending a trustworthy representative to examine
the find. But the silent and unseen agency which brought
Budden to the outcropping rock, dissipated one by one the
other obstacles. Next day after the location he and his
partner went to work on the claim. After excavating a few
feet, and finding the vein to be not only a true one but
readily widening out, they concluded to sell out lest it go 10
narrowing again, a la Emma, and it was offered for $5000.
Nobody wanted it, so they kept on, the. continued develop-
ment having the effect of steadily raising the price, and after
it had reached $30,000 a bond was taken on it for fifteen days
by Mr. Al.Guiwitz, well known hereabout. About this time the
late R. C. Chambers, who was then operating mining property
elsewhere in the joint interest of himself and the late Senator
Hearst of California, was in Salt Lake City, and the latter,
having heard of the Ontario property, suggested to Mr. Cham-
bers that he make an inspection of it, which was done. His
identity being known, and his wealthy connections understood,
he was unable to secure the mine at anything like a reason-
able figure, as it was then considered, so a third party was
brought into play. The bond previously given had run out,
and the stranger secured the property for $30,000. A large
force was put to work, the great lode became greater, and
Chambers was all at once a millionaire! His partner had
been one previously, but his fortunes were greatly reinforced

MINES AND MINING. 333

by the Ontario purchase, which up to date has yielded about
$40,000,000, and paid some $15,000,000 in dividends, and is
still one of the greatest properties in existence. Similar
things could be said of the great Silver King, the Daly- West,
Daly, and in fact all the more prominent mines of Park City,
making it the centre of incomputable mineral wealth.

CAMP FLOYD DISTRICT.

THIS district was organized in 1870; at least, practical
mining was commenced in that year, and organization fol-
lowed hard upon. It was buffeted by fate for some time,
now up and then down, but oftener down, until finally it
dropped out of sight altogether and became a negation in
mining circles. This only serves as another example of the
solemn fact, that unpropitious conditions in mining are to the
persevering and capable oftener than otherwise but the fore-
runners of prosperity; nature having done her part will do
no more, her children must do the rest.

In 1 88 1 a German prospector located the Mercur mine
and spent a considerable sum in labor and means developing
it; but fortune eluded him, because of the general ignorance
of mankind at that time as to that class of ore and not know-
ing how to treat it. It could not, of course, be kept a secret
forever, and is well enough known of all men now — -at least
all of those within the "charmed circle." What was set down
as a worthless piece of property is now one of the greatest
producers in the country, and is surrounded by numerous
others, some of them quite as promising. A good-sized town
has grown up, and it is quite as far-famed as the mine.

MARYSVALE— GOLD MOUNTAIN.

ABOUT 160 miles a little west of south of Salt Lake City
the well-known town of Marysvale was founded and the

MINES AND MINING. 335

adjacent mineral zones discovered. For some years it
flourished like a green bay tree, then the silver slump set
in and this region received its full share if not somewhat
more of the hard luck following. The town held together,
however, there being enough of the element which does not
yield to discouragements to accomplish this, and instead of
crying over spilt milk some of the men concluded to look for
something else than silver, and they succeeded to such an
extent that for several years past the district and the neigh-
boring country are more noted for gold than they were previ-
ously for silver. The country contains such famous producers as
the Sevier, Wedge (Horse Heaven), Dalton, Annie Laurie, Pay-
master, Crystal, Bully Boy, Webster, Clyde and many
others; while the number of properties which are not so
well known but are still known to hold within their embrace
gold and other metal-bearing ores of such extent and rich-
ness as will soon bring them to the front is much greater.
From the Wedge, values per ton have been taken out which
amounted to nearly $1,200 per ton, and the quantity is not
limited either. Great values have, indeed, been taken from
all the developed and many of the partly developed proper-
ties, going to show that the region when brought up to some-
thing approaching its capacity is a veritable Johannesburg, if
not even ahead of that South African Golconda.

As only generalizations regarding beginnings, and prog-
ress can be given, except such specifications as are needed
to illustrate peculiar or conspicuous features, it becomes
necessary to refrain from further mention of a part of
Utah's territory concerning which a book of large size might
be written and then the whole story not be told.

SENATOR LEWIS' GREAT ENTERPRISES.

BEAVER County is receiving a goodly share of attention
in these pages, for reasons already partly shown. But all is

MINES AND MINING. 337

not yet told. The story of the splendid work of economic
redemption accomplished by Senator A. B. Lewis, referred
to in his personal sketch, does not fully represent his great
achievements by any means, nor can it be done here; but
something nearer an approximation can be had. When first
he dawned upon the scene here the locality in which he
subsequently pitched his tent and made his headquarters was
not an inviting field by any means. It had been worked
over and, as some believed, practically exhausted. After a
careful, thorough examination he concluded otherwise and at
once began to show his faith by his works. After operating
in Lincoln district for a while, making it better known than
it had ever been before, he turned his attention to the other
side of Beaver valley and soon the commercial and mining
world was introduced to that gigantic enterprise, the Majestic
Copper Mining & Smelting Company, whose great smelter —
the second greatest in the country — was completed in
October, 1903, and made a highly successful and profit-
able experimental run of forty davs, then suspended for a
time awaiting the further development of the company's
fields. It should, in this connection, be mentioned that the
wonderful Cactus group, because of which the town of
Newhouse and one of the greatest pipe lines in this western
region now exist, was one of the acquisitions of Mr. Lewis
relinquished by him to the present owner because the former
had discovered in adjacent territory, in the language of
Hamlet, "metal more attractive." The attraction must have
been immense, tor Mr. Samuel Newhouse, the fortunate
owner of the Cactus, claims to be able to show up a bagatelle
of some $40,000,000 worth of ore with plenty more to follow!
The result of Mr. Lewis' operations, however, fully proved
the excellence of his judgment, and was demonstrated by the
successful organization of the Royal Gold and Copper Mining
Company, with a capital of 1,000,000 shares of a par value
of $10 each. In this combination he has grouped together
an empire of over 4,000 acres of ground located in Beaver

338 UTAH AS IT IS.

County. This indeed was a sovereign effort and astounding
to many in its magnitude and significance. Equally so was
the manner of its accomplishing. Despite the keenest rivalry
and cleverest schemes to thwart his progress, Senator Lewis
quietly and persistently pursued his purpose, surmounting
obstacles as with an eagle's wings, the obstinacy of his will
being the open sesame by which he gained control of the
treasure vaults surrounding him. Tact and talent were no
less necessary, as was capital in abundance, but the royal
result at once proclaimed the work a triumph of a master
mind. The mines thus absorbed have in the past produced
from their surface workings, in the face of adverse conditions
of various kinds such as heavy transportation and smelt'er
charges, ore to the amount of more than $3,000,000, while
that on their dumps, long since discarded as unprofitable, is rich
in wealth under present conditions. But under the mammoth
organization now effected by Senator Lewis, every group of
mines in this extensive combination will yield untold wealth
to its owners and result in greater vindication of the wisdom
which, in the face of every discouragement, proclaimed
this region the Eldorado of the West. Not content with this
matchless effort — the greatest ever undertaken single-handed
in the State — Senator Lewis at the same time was looking
around for another world to conquer. The magnetic attrac-
tion of Iron County's prodigious deposits of iron ore drew him
thither and the star of empire hangs lumious over the couch
of Utah's industrial redeemer — the Iron King. Hence Senator
Lewis may be likened to one of the three wise men who,
seeing the star in the east, followed whither it led. His
operations and pending negotiations will, therefore, give
impetus to the beginning of the reign of the Iron Age — the
establishment of an empire that shall mean industrial glory
and salvation to unnumbered thousands in our State; for no
mind is keener than his to grasp the possibilities such as
there are sculptured by the hand of Omnipotence, and bring
about their realization.

MINES AND MINING. 339

The great work, however, of operating, equipping and
managing the enormous properties of the Royal Gold &
Copper Mining Company, will not be, because of any con-
tingent project, in any way impeded. His marvelous adapt-
ability and capacity for work has given Senator Lewis
striking pre-eminence and nothing in his hands, seemingly, is
ever in danger from mismanagement or incapacity of any
kind, so that the industrial and financial world with which
he has become so notably identified, has every confidence in
him, well assured that the interests of labor and capital are
safe in his hands.

No possible description of the extensive properties that
he has unified and organized into ideal existence can be
given here in the limits of this department, so numerous and
diverse in their nature and ramification they are, but the
results that time — and not so very distant — must show
will justly and amply emphasize the feeble measurement of
the man we have here been able to portray.

DEEP CREEK, ETC,

THIS region embraces Granite, Dry Canyon, Dewey,
Clifton, Gold Hill and Dutch Mountain. In the same region,
so to speak, are Fish Springs and Dugway districts. These
have all been occupied and worked for many years and are
as promising as those of any other part of the State. In fact
it is not altogether a matter of promise, since all are produc-
ers, some of them extensive and continuous ones, and with the
construction of a long-promised railroad would add many
figures to the commonwealth's income, besides adding a few
names to its list of millionaries. The whole country has
been written up until its story is a household word, and what
it needs now, is fewer words and more applied enterprise in
the direction of rapid transportation. In view of the fact that
the needed road would be an assured money-maker from the

340 UTAH AS IT IS.

start, that it could be constructed cheaper than any other
that has ever been built in the Western country, and that so
many languishing industries would of a surety all at once
spring into magnificent advancement, it is one of the wonders
of our time why the thing was not done long ago. How-
ever, it cannot be held off much more, and with its coming
the places named will not only be populous ones, but attract
more and more people and wealth to the State at large.

COAL AND IRON.

NEITHER coal nor iron, by some sort of conventional
perversion, figure as precious metals, hence they are here
considered separately.

Iron mining was carried on to a limited extent earlier in
the fifties than was any mining event recorded herein. This
was in Iron County where (at Cedar City) a furnace was built
and some castings were made. These were not equal to Eastern
work by any means; one of the articles cast was a bell which
was duly mounted for public service, and while it lacked in
resonance and vibratory power somewhat, it was an evidence
of the pushing enterprise and tenacious purpose of the early
settlers. The working of iron ores, even in such crude and
primitive manner, presupposes the finding and use of coal, of
which there has always been an abundance, but which has
not, by reason of the lack of cheap transportation facilities,
forced its way into the open markets to any great extent. In
both the respects spoken of Iron County is surely destined to
stride to the front at no distant day and as surely to remain
there.

As a mercantile and systematic proposition, coal mining
in Utah began near where the town of Coalville now stands.
This was begun as an agricultural community in 1859 by W.
H. Smith, Alanson Norton and Andrew Williams, being joined
soon after effecting a location by H. B. Wilde, Thos. G.
Franklin and Joseph Stallings. Coal croppings had previously

MINES AND MINING. 341

been observed in various places, but it was not until the little
settlement was some three years old that the measures were
attacked in a systematic, determined manner and made to
yield in abundance of the dusky diamonds with which they
were charged. One location followed another in rapid suc-
cession and the coal business grew into one of great propor-
tions and several organized companies sprang into existence.
It is impossible at this time to go into details regarding the
growth and present proportions of the industry, the figures
are too varied, vast and far-reaching. Great coal finds have
been made in other parts of the State, notably in Sanpete,
Emery and Carbon counties, but it is held that nothing yet
uncovered has even remotely approached in vastness and ac-
cessibility the great deposits immediately surrounding Coal*
ville.

It is probable that the total yield of the State is hot much
short of three million tons per annum, an element of wealth to
the few and comfort to the many which is not to be ranked
among the smaller things of our great and growing common-
wealth by any means.

GENERAL MENTION.

NEW districts have been forming fast of late years, and
some of them give promise of becoming as famous as their
predecessors. Stateline, whose location is defined by its name
in the western part of Beaver County, Blue Mountains and
Henry Mountains in the southeastern part of the State, Park
Valley in the northwestern part and various others of more
or less consequence elsewhere have come into existence in
recent years. In fact, almost every county in the State has
at least one, some of them several districts, but the producers
in a commercial sense, have previously been spoken of. New

342 UTAH AS II IS.

finds are being made every day, and it is more than the daily
papers can do to keep up with them.

THE STOCK EXCHANGE.

THE Salt Lake Stock Exchange is one of the institutions
of the State deserving of prominent mention. Its member-
ship consists of prominent business men of integrity and
capacity, of course more or less interested in mines and min-
ing. Its transactions every day amount to many thousands
of dollars, and besides the speculative feature the Exchange
serves the useful purpose of advertising the mineral
wealth of the State and furnishing ready information regard-
ing the workings of the great industry such as could scarcely
be obtained all at once from any other source.

The officers of the Exchange are as follows: J. A. Pol-
lock, President; E. D. Miller, First Vice-President,}. Obern-
dorfer, Second Vice-President; W. H. Farnsworth, Third
Vice-President; G. P. Norton, Treasurer; James Shorten,
Secretary; these, with M. M. Miller, M.S. Pendergast, A. S.
Campbell, W. H. Tibbals and W. J. Browning, are the
Directors.

SILVER REEF.

THIS once flourishing district was a wonder in its day,
and it may become a name to conjure with yet. Not only
was its productiveness for many years vast, but its character-
istics were something unique and unprecedented in the history
of mining in modern times. Not only was the prevalent gee-
logical theory of the precious metals not existing in sandstone
upset, but the vegetable and mineral kingdoms were united by
means unknown to man, I have seen petrifactions of sage-

MINES AND MINING.

343

brush twigs and parts of trees that went hundreds of dollars
in the precious metals per ton!

METAL PRODUCTION AND DIVIDENDS.

PRIOR to 1870 Utah almost failed to score in the com-
mercial world as a producer of metals, although not wholly
without a record. Probably the total would have reached
three-fourths of a million. Beginning with 1871 the first five
years made a fine showing, the gold, silver and lead output
being $20,558,079. Copper appeared on the scene in 1873,
and its production steadily increased. The totals to the end of
1903 are as follows: Gold, $34,564.459.12; silver, $180,000,-
336.27; lead $51,563,589.61; copper, $17,947,859.76. For
1903 the yield was approximately in round numbers — gold,
$4.000,000, silver, $20,000,000; lead, $5,000,000, copper,
$5,000,000; aggregate, $34,000,000.

The following were the dividend payers for 1903:

NAME OF MINE.

LOCATION.

DIVIDENDS
PAID.

TOTALS TO DATE

Annie Laurie

Gold Mountain

$I4Q «;i6

$ 169 516 oo

Butler-Liberal .

Bingham

2 "\OO

2 5OO OO

Century

Park Valley

9 ooo

Q OOO OO

Consolidated Mercur....

Mercur

150.000

1,210,^12.97

Daly-West

Park City

i 332 ooo

7 401 OOO OO

Gemini

Tintic

100,000

950 ooo oo

Grand Central

Tintic

225,000

916,250 oo

Horn Silver

Frisco

20 ooo

5 362,000 oo

Sacramento

Mercur

6 > ooo

187,000.00

Silver King

Park City

f 7OO OOO

7 450,000.00

South Swansea

Tintic

9,000

284 OOO OQ

Utah

8 coo

205 ooo oo

Utah Consolidated

Binghatn

1,404. ooo

3,929.000.00

Totals,

$4,760 016

$26, 165,578.07.

ELEEMOSYNARY.

RETREATS FOR THE SICK AND UNFORTUNATE
IN OUR MIDST.

SALT LAKE CITY and Ogden are well equipped in the
matter of eleemosynary institutions, these added lo the
splendid and capacious Mental Hospital at Provo making
Utah as well provided for in this respect, proportionately as
any of her sisters. As in other things, the end is not yet, and
places of refuge and sanitation will be provided as rapidly
and extensively as circumstances may require. All are more
or less charitable in their purpose and practices, while some
are altogether so. The first in the order of mention is that
splendid structure overlooking Salt Lake City from the east
bench and known as

THE JUDGE MINERS' HOME.

THE Judge Memorial Home, intended as a home for
aged and disabled miners and a hospital for the care of the
sick and injured, was founded by Mrs. Mary Judge in 1902.
The new building, which occupies the finest site on the east
bench, overlooking the entire Salt Lake valley, is one of the
most imposing edifices in the city. The building has a rock
foundation and four stories- of brick. Its dimensions are 225

346 Ul AH AS U IS.

feet by 40 feet, with two wings extending 100 feet back of
the main structure. The north wing is designed for the min-
ers' home and the south wing for the hospital, which will be
htted up with all the latest improvements. An elevator in
the building will be an important convenience, especially in
conveying the sick and injured to the upper floors. There
will be two operating rooms supplied with thoroughly mod-
ern equipment, and the hospital department will have accom-
modations for at least 150, while the home proper will enter-
tain 250 persons.

This home and hospital is a charitable institution, en-
dowed by Mrs. Judge as a monument of her regard for the
men who delve in the earth for its hidden treasures, and to be
under the supervision of the Catholic church, Bishop Scanlan
being its general manager. Here needy miners when injured
may be treated and cared for free of charge and, if perman-
ently disabled, will be given a permanent home. The build-
ing is now enclosed and plastered and the work ot finishing
the interior is in progress. It is expected that it will be ready
to be opened in June, 1904.

DR. W. H. GROVES LATTER-DAY SAINTS
HOSPITAL.

THE Groves Latter-day Saints Hospital is in course of
erection in Salt Lake City. It originated with the bequest of
the late Dr. W. H. Groves, an old time resident of Salt Lake
City, who died several years ago and left all his property,
both real and personal, for the purpose of constructing and
operating a hospital. The following is a paragraph of his will
on this subject :

"I give and devise all my real property wherever situ-
ated to my executors, Franklin S. Richards and Jas. T. Little,
as Trustees, their successors and assigns, and authorize and

348 UTAH AS IT IS.

direct them to sell and dispose of the same whenever, in
their judgment, it can be done to advantage, and as soon as
practicable, and to devote the proceeds of the sale of said
property to the purchase of a hospital site at Salt Lake City
or vicinity, and to the erection and maintenance of a Hospital
thereon, which shall always be known as the 'Dr. W. H.
Groves Latter-day Saints Hospital.' The title of said insti-
tution to be vested in a board of trustees or in a corporation
as my executors may deem best for the carrying out of my
intention and desire, to make the same a permanent and cred-
;table institution for all future time, which shall always be un-
der the direction and management of the persons who com-
pose the Presiding Bishopric of the Church of Jesus Christ
of Latter-day Saints. Franklin S. Richards shall be one of the
trustees or directors of said hospital and Dr. Jos. S. Richards
shall also be one of the trustees or directors of said hospital,
and he shall be the medical director of the same as long as
he lives. It being my wish that all of my real estate shall be
converted into the money and the entire proceeds thereof
used for the establishment, endowment and perpetual main-
tenance of said hospital."

Under date of June 27th, 1903, and in accordance with
the provisions of the will, an association was formed under
the laws of the State of Utah for the purpose of carrying out
the conditions of the will, and articles of incorporation were
filed, naming Wm. B. Preston president, Robert f. Burton
vice-president, O. P. Miller, Franklin S. Richards and Jos. S.
Richards as trustees, with John Wells as secretary and trea-
surer. Immediately thereafter the construction of the hos-
pital was commenced.

The present building is known as the main building at-
tached to which will be wings on the east and west as the
business of the hospital may require. The estimated cost of
the present structure is in the neighborhood of $150,000. This
is four stones high with a basement all out of the ground. It
is absolutely fire-proof. It will be furnished with every mod-

ELEEMOSYNARY. 349

convenience for hospital service. It is expected that
somewhere in the neighborhood of $50,000.00 will be de-
rived from the estate of Dr. Groves, the balance to be pro-
vided by the Trustee-in-Trust of the Church of Jesus Christ
of Latter-day Saints and other donors. A short time ago
the Fifteenth Corporation of the Church, known as the Fif-
teenth Ward, generously donated the sum of $10,000.00 to-
wards the erection of this building, and it is expected that
other similar donations will be received when the hospital is
completed.

ST. MARK'S HOSPITAL.

ST. MARK'S HOSPITAL, the first in the Territory of Utah,
was established in 1873, by the Rt. Rev. Daniel S. Tuttle,
D. D., Bishop of Utah, and the Rev. R. M. Kirby, Rector of
St. Mark's Church, at the corner of Third South and Fifth
East streets, Salt Lake City, in a small two-story adobe
house. From this very humble beginning as a hospital, ac-
commodating half a dozen patients, it has grown to one of
five largf* buildings accommodating 150 patients. During the
first year less than 25 were cared for, last year over 1600.
During the thirty years of its work it has cared for nearly
20,000 sick and injured men and women. This growth has of
course been gradual; the first move was the erection of a
three-story brick building at the corner of Second West and
Seventh North streets, and the last the erection of a four-
story wing which has just been completed. The equipment
in the beginning was the crudest, while now it is thoroughly
up to date. In the beginning the staff was made up of one
doctor, J. F. Hamilton, to whom the hospital owes every-
thing as to its inception and early carrying on; now the staff
is made up of sixteen prominent physicians and surgeons and
there are also two internes. The hospital draws its patients
Utah, Nevada, Wyoming and Idaho. It cares for men

350

UTAH AS IT IS.

from every mining camp in the State of Utah. All work for
the Oregon Short Line Railroad, from Huntington, Oregon,
and Granger, Wyoming, to Salt Lake City, is done at St.
Mark's Hospital. A majority of the work on the Rio Grande
Western from Grand Junction, Colorado, to Ogden, Utah is
also done here. All the work of the San Pedro, Los Angeles
and Salt Lake railroad is brought to St. Mark's.

In the new wing are two operating rooms, together with
instrument, sterilizing, etherizing, preparation and x-ray
rooms. There is also the general diet kitchen for the hospital

ST. MARK'S HOSPITAL.

and a large room for the making and storing of all surgical
dressings used, and a dark room for the development of x-ray
photographs. The laboratory situated in this building is com-
pletely equipped for all analytical and bacteriological works.
The hospital has its own steam laundry and also two dyna-
mos for generating electricity for all purposes. The am-
bulance service is prompt and careful.

In connection with the hospital there is a large training
school for nurses. The course of training extends over three
years, during which time the young women are taught nurs-

ELEEMOSYNARY. 351

ing along the most modern and up to date methods. The
superintendent of the training school has classes each week,
lectures are given by members of the staff weekly, examina-
tions are set, and those who pass successfully are at the end
of a three years' course given a diploma, which, coming from
a well known and modern institution shows them to be well
fitted for their life work. The training school is the largest
in the inter-mountain country.

The officers are M. H. Walker, President pro tern; Rev.
C. E. Perkins, Secretary and Treasurer, and Messrs. W. V.
Rice, H. C. Wallace, H. G. McMillan and C. E. Allen,
Trustees.

The Superintendent is the Rev. G. C. Hunting and the
Superintendent of Nurses, Mrs. N. F. Crossland; Mrs. A. M.
Slavan is Night Supervisor, and Miss L. H. Hard is Operat-
ing Room Nurse.

The Medical Director is F. S. Bascom, M. D., while the
other members of the staff are: — S. H. Pinkerton, A. C.
Ewing, G. B. Pfoutz, A. S. Bower, U. Worthington, J. F.
Critchlow, A. C. Behle, D. M. Lindsay, Philo E. Jones, A.
A. Kerr, T. B. Beatty, E. V. Silver, R. W. Fisher, B. A.
Gemmell and Henry LaMotte.

HOSPITAL OF THE HOLY CROSS.

More than a quarter of a century ago the Rev. Lawrence
Scanlan, alive to the needs of the growing city, matured a
plan for the opening of a hospital, a project quite in line with
the broad, practical charity characteristic of him. According-
ly, at his invitation, from the Mother House of the Sisters of
the Holy Cross, St* Mary's convent, Notre Dame, Indiana,
October, 1875, came Sister Holy Cross and Sister M. Barth-
olomew, the former charged with the responsibility of the
.undertaking, in which she was ably assisted by the latter, A

352

U1AH AS II IS.

rented two-story house, accommodating patients to the num-
ber of thirteen, was the unpretentious opening. Dr. Allen
Fowler and the Drs. Benedict — brothers — gave their ser-
vices gratis.

The work of caring for the sick was carried on under
circumstances demanding continual sacrifices until 1882, when
a site on First South Street was purchased upon which the
present brick structure was erected. Just here it may be said
that the architectural beauty of the edifice, its sunshine- flooded
halls, wards and private rooms, are due to the sound judg-

HOSPITAI, OF THE HOLY CROSS.

ment and critical taste of the Rt. Rev. Bishop, under whose
direction the plans were prepared.

The cost of the structure was met by the surplus fund of
the hospital, together with donations from the non-Catholic
public, and especially by contributions from the generous-
hearted miners of the district.

In this connection it seems eminently proper to call at-
tention to the fact that the Bishop, with his Vicar-General,
Rev. Denis Kiely, bore the brunt of the work, as regards se-
curing from the miners financial aid to meet the expenses in-
volved in the erection of the hospital, and to them, in large
measure, is due the success of the enterprise. But equally

ELEEMOSYNARY. 353

contributable thereto was the work of the sisters in charge,
and with such a union of forces the work was bound to pros-
per, and accordingly the new building was ready for occu-
pancy in June, 1883.

Holy Cross Hospital is admirably arranged, the usual
wards and private rooms appertaining to similar institutions
being sufficient to accomodate in the main building patients to
the number of one hundred and twenty-five. The wards are
conveniently arranged and the apartments generally are as
nearly perfect as possible. Improvements just completed at
the hospital include the addition of a new wing and a chape^
with a seating capacity of about one hundred and fifty.

The present medical service is contributed by the follow-
ing eminent physicians and surgeons: Dr. Hughes, oculist
and aurist; Dr. Richards, Dr. Niles, Dr. Root, Dr. Hosmer,
Dr. Whitney and Dr. Mayo.

It should be understood that Holy Cross Hospital is non-
sectarian in its management, no distinction being made what-
ever.

KEARNS ST. ANN'S ORPHANAGE.

IT WAS in 1890 that Bishop Scanlan abandoned his
former home in this city and converted it to the use of an
institution known as St. Ann's Orphanage. From the be-
ginning, the number of children cared for rapidly increased,
until accommodations were wofully inadequate, and it was a
matter of real concern as to how to keep pace with the demands
made upon the institution. The magnificent donation of Mr.
and Mrs. Thomas Kearns of fifty thousand dollars, solved
the problem for many years to come, and no delay was
permitted in starting work on a new structure that should
be large enough and in every way adapted for the purpose.
Hence on August 27, 1899, the corner stone of the in-

354

UTAH AS IT IS.

stitution — now called the Kearns St. Ann's Orphanage —
was laid by Bishop Scanlan in the presence of a large
assemblage. The Governor of the State and other pro-
minent officials were present at the ceremony, together with
many distinguished citizens from surrounding cities and towns.
Governor Wells made an address at the conclusion of
Bishop Scanlan's sermon. Senator Rawlins also spoke and at
the end of the ceremonies, Hon. C. S. Varian presented
Mr. Kearns with the silver trowel, which was received by
him in behalf of Mrs. Kearns in a fitting response.

Ill II

KEARNS ST. ANN'S ORPHANAGE.

The Kearns St. Ann's Orphanage is situated in the center
of a ten-acre block, bounded by Twelfth and Thirteenth
South and Fourth and Fifth East streets. The building
faces north and is 130 feet in length, 80 feet in width and
125 feet high to the point of the tower. The basement
has a nine-foot ceiling, containing two playrooms, each 25x32,
the main dining hall, 25x70, the kitchen. 18x25; anc^ pantries,
storerooms, etc.

The first floor has a twelve-foot ceiling; has main en-

ELEEMOSYNARY. 355

trance hall, 10x18; the main corridor, 8x20; staircase hall.
18x20; four classrooms, each 25x32; a drafting room 18x25;
a music room, 15x25; parlor, 18x28, two office rooms, 15x18
each, and a large veranda, 10x70 feet.

The second floor is used for dormitory purposes, boys
and girls having separate sections, each room being 25x70.
There are also boys' and girls1 wardrobes, with lockers, each
15x18; two nursery chambers, each 15x18; four rooms for
Sisters of Charity, each 15x18; one sick room, 15x18; closets,
etc. The ceilings are eleven feet high and a balcony
extends over the full front veranda. In the attic, which
has a twelve and a half foot ceiling, there is a chapel with
a seating capacity of 500, and also closets and extra bed-
rooms.

The annex in the rear of the main building, connected
with it by covered passages, contains the heating plant in
the basement, laundry on the first floor, boys' and girls'
toilet rooms and bath rooms on the second floor. The
dimensions of the annex are 20x28.

The building, as will be seen by the accompanying
engraving, is a neat, substantial structure, the outer walls
being of red pressed brick, with gray cut stone trimmings;
the interior is furnished in hard wood, with hard wood floors,
and the heating, lighting and ventilating arrangements are
of the best. It has sleeping accommodations for 250 chil-
dren, with school capacity for many more day children.

Many homeless little ones, not only from Salt Lake City and
State, but from Idaho, Wyoming, Nevada and elsewhere are
being tenderly cared for and trained to become useful
citizens in the future; and to Bishop Scanlan and the faithful
sisters in charge, as well as to Senator and particularly to
IV[rs. Kearns, the community owes grateful thanks for the
founding and directing of this beneficent institution.

356

UTAH AS IT IS.

THE KEELEY INSTITUTE.

THIS institution is now located at the historic Devereux
house, 334 W. South Temple Street. The old mansion was
built by the Hon. William Jennings and for years was the
centre of many notable and brililant festivities in Salt Lake
social life, Generals Grant and Sherman, Lady Franklin
and other celebrities having been entertained there.

Devereux house, with its cosy accommodations and ele-
gant appointments, makes an ideal home for so praiseworthy

THE

INSTITUTE.

an institution as the Keeley, and as tho treatment it affords
has been before the public since 1880, counting those it has
cured by the thousands, it is worthy of every encouragement.
As there are hundreds of people in this State who need the
treatment there given, many of them unable to incur the
necessary expense, it is intended to appeal to the Legislature
for the passage of a law which will secure to those unable to
pay for the same the treatment necessary to save them from

ELEEMOSYNARY. 357

absolute ruin and make of them self-respecting citizens. The
great majority of the people are believed to be in favor of
such a law, as its results to the State and humanity at large
must be beneficent. The Keeley Institute treats drunken-
ness as a disease and cures it, and those who have any knowl-
edge of its results need no assurance of its safety to the sys-
tem, its administration being equally salutary and effective
whether applied in infancy, youth or old age.

If the Legislature shall enact a law establishing a guard-
ianship over those who are helplessly afflicted with the disease
of drunkenness, and provide for these people treatment at the
public expense, the money thus appropriated would accom-
plish results more far-reaching in a redemptive way than
those achieved through the establishment and maintenance of
jails and all the ramifications connected therewith. It would
result in large measure in the reclamation of thousands of our
people from degradation and disgrace, transforming them into
respectable citizens and thereby securing the State ample re-
turn for the funds invested. The treatment provided by the
Keeley Institute would aid the State to accomplish this desir-
able end surer and quicker than any other yet discovered.

CHILDREN'S A. AND H. F. ASSOCIATION.

THE Children's Aid and Home Finding Association of
Utah is one of the very worthy institutions in our midst de-
serving of more extended mention than can be given it here.
Its purposes are to protect children from cruelty and to pro-
vide for the care and control of those who are orphaned, neg-
lected, dependent or homeless; also to aid by every practic-
able means the State, county and city officials in carrying out
the laws for the protection, disposition and supervision of such
children. It is an incorporated institution and a most noble
charity.

358

UTAH AS 11

The officers are: — Rev. R. Wake, President; Mrs. E.
E. Shepard, Secretary; H. W. Lawerence, Treasurer; Mrs.
V. A. Stickney, Superintendent. It is located at n Earl's
Court, Salt Lake City.

MRS. STJCKNfcY AND ONE OF HFR CHARGES.

Part II. — Biographical

PROMINENT PEOPLE PICTURED
AND PENNED.

/HpHE strictly narrative portion of this volume being practi-
cally concluded, that of presenting some of our prominent
people by sketch and portrait begins.

This division will be found of unusual interest. In it are
presentations of every line of life, embracing all shades of
belief in our midst. The statesman, the minister, the profess-
or, the educator, the merchant, the industrialist, the designer,
the producer in every department — ^all have a showing.
Representative types in each class have been selected, and
the varied stories combined, themselves constitute a history
of Utah superior to any other when convenience and accessi-
bility are considered along with accuracy, variety and scope.
The arrangement follows somewhat the previous plan of
the book. The founders of the community are given the
first mention, after which the other biographies appear as
nearly as may be in chronological order, but failing in this
the order in which they were received, or as close to that as
possible, is followed. By this means there are no "preferred
places" and none more prominent than any other. This state-
ment may appear in substance elsewhere, and there is no ne-
cessity for ah apfblogy for this, because it must be understood
at every stage.

360

UTAH AS IT IS.

The work of getting these portraits and sketches together
has been a long and arduous task, but the end justifies the
means. Undoubtedly a representative assemblage which it
would be quite impossible to improve upon is the result. As to
that, no part of the book has been easily got together — all
parts have required labor, persistence, patience, time and ex-
pense, the outcome being, as is believed, one that will be
satisfactory all around.

Having said so much by way of introducing and explain-
ing the Second Part of the book, the work will proceed from
this point in regular order.

"AMELIA PALACE," RESIDENCE OF MR. AND MRS. E. K. HOLMES.

MORMON CHURCH OFFICIALS.

PRESIDENT JOSEPH F. SMITH.

[Portrait on page 27.]

THE President of the Mormon Church, whose full name is
Joseph Fielding Smith, was ushered into this vale of
tears on Nov. 13, 1838, in the little colony of Far West, Cald-
well Co., Missouri. A "vale of tears" it certainly was at that
time, for his people at least. His father, Hyrum, and his
uncle, Joseph, with other prominent men in the Church, had
been and were undergoing a siege of persecutions and priva-
tions, the shifting scenes in the awful drama being merely so
many changes from bad things to worse ones, the climax being
reached on the 27th of June, 1844, when both men were assas-
sinated by a mob while they were in jail on trumped-up
charges and under the "protection" of the law. When it is
considered that the present leader's advent was under such a
terrible stress of circumstances, that his early tjoyhood was
spent amid scenes always threatening, sometimes harrowing
and not infrequently tragic; that the blaze of the roof tree
often shed its lurid glare upon the naked feet, the bare heads
and the shivering limbs of the despoiled people; that no place
was a real home and no retreat a safe one; that forced
marches with the attendants of hunger, manifold discomforts,
dangers, sorrows, sickness and death were frequent; that
few human voices were ever sounded and fewer arms ever
raised in their behalf; that the terms "land of liberty" and
"home of law" had become to them hollow, meaningless

362 UTAH AS IT IS.

mockeries; that whichever way they turned, wherever they
set their feet, .they were met by cold disdain, pitiless indiffer-
ence or — worst of all — hypocritical professions of sympathy
and sorrow; when all these things are considered, would not a
just and impartial person given to forming conclusions from
the evidence — of reasoning from cause to effect — be apt to
conclude that President Smith was so embittered with rancor-
ous recollections and saturated with resentment that he could

not extend even pas-
sive friendliness to or
have any manner of
association with those
who were not with

and of him ? No

• 'of,- -

doubt; and as well
grounded as such
conclusion would be,

EIGHT YEARS OF AGE, DRIVING * W°Uld StU1 be VeiT

HIS MOTHER'S TEAM. wide °f the mark 'in~

deed. Undoubtedly

the memories associated with the hounded and homeless out-
casts of Missouri and Illinois are ineradicable and have no
even been dimmed by the lapse of time; but there is no more*
affable, approachable, tolerant, compassionate man occupying
a part of the Lord's footstool than Joseph F. Smith; at the
same time there is none that is more determinedly opposed to
sin and vice In whatever form they may appear, none that
has less tolerance for crime and iniquity. He believes in
literally carrying out the injunction to render unto Caesar the
things that are Caesar's and unto God the things that are
God's.

The head of the Church, even secularly considered, is
the right man in the right place. He has great administra-
tive capacity, is a natural organizer, knows when things and
persons are in the right as well as in the wrong places, has
the faculty of order well developed, is invested with that

MORMON CHURCH OFFICIALS.

363

degree of endurance and pertinacity which characterize great
soldiers, and, believing that measures are either right or
wrong, is a slow hand at making compromises. He is system-
atic and thorough-going; a proposition, for example, involving
a dozen factors, would be as incomplete if but one were miss-
ing as though but one were present. Being a believer and
practicer in the upbuilding of home enterprises, the encourage-
ment of home talent and the development of home resources,
he inclines somewhat to the protective feature of national
economy, which, with a belief drilled into
him by bitter experience that the national
Government possesses and ought to exer-
cise the inherent right to protect its citizens
whether buttressed by State lines or under
the flag of a foreign land, causes him to look
with undisguised favor upon the Repub-
lican phase of Federal politics; still, he is
not a bigot in this respect or otherwise, and
has no dislike for Democrats or other parti-
sans because they are such.

The dauntless character and great
self-reliance of Joseph F. Smith mani-
fested themselves at an early age. When
the exodus of the Saints took place he
drove his widowed mother's ox team to
the Missouri river, a distance of over 300 miles; this
feat would not have been so remarkable but for the fact
that he was but eight years of age and thereby no doubt
the youngest teamster that ever engaged in the business.
At Florence, Nebraska, and after his arrival in Utah he
herded stock and thereby helped the family along. At the
age of fifteen he went on a mission to the Hawaiian islands,
working hard in California for the means to pay his passage,
and discharged the duties of his calling like a full-grown
man. He^ has since been on several other missions.
In many places and at divers times (especially in crossing

FIFTEEN YEARS

OLD, OFF ON A

MISSION TO A

FOREIGN LAND.

364 UTAH AS IT IS.

the plains) he was placed in perilous positions, but always
escaped unharmed. As a man he has shown the developed
and more comprehensive characteristics of the boy. He has
always been a worker; has held many public stations of honor
and trust, though very few of profit, and been invariably able
and faithful in al). As would reasonably be supposed, his
schooling was very meagre, but he is a great reader and has
the quality of assimilating what he reads, so that his mind is
well stored with the best there is to be had. As a speaker
he is fluent, forceful and impressive, talking to, not around,
his subject and never leaving the listener in any doubt as to
his meaning or his earnestness. He became an Apostle in
1866 and one of seven counselors to President Young; after
his death was chosen second counselor to President John Tay-
lor, occupying the same position with every subsequent Pre-
sident up to himself, becoming such on November 10, 1901.

In appearance President Smith is tall and sinewy. His hair
is quite luxuriant and his beard is untrimmed; both were, till of
recent years, somewhat dark, but now show so many silver
threads that it is difficult to say which shade predominates.
He walks with a firm, regular step and is doubtless set down
for a green old age.

It is not pretended that this imperfect sketch contains all
there is of interest in the life of President Smith; this could
not be done without devoting the whole volume to it.

COUNSELOR JOHN R. WINDER.

[Portrait on page 27.]

PRESIDENT SMITH'S first counselor formerly occupied the
position of second counselor to the Presiding Bishop, W. B.
Preston, but upon the former's accession to the Presidency he
chose the subject of this sketch and Apostle A. H. Lund as
his first and second counselors, respectively.

John Rex Winder is a native of England, having been

MORMON CHURCH OFFICIALS. 365

born at Biddenden, Kent county, on December n, 1821.
With an education far from complete, but amply supplemented
with good sense and practical judgment, he made his way to
the commercial centre of the universe, London, when just out of
his teens and obtained employment in a shoe store; he became,
a benedict in 1845, the bride being Miss Ellen Walters. Some
two years later he removed to Liverpool and after being there
about a year he heard by chance of the Mormon Church and
at once began investigating. He was not long in finding his
way to where the Liverpool branch held services; becoming
interested he went from one stage of conviction to another, and
was finally baptized on September 20, 1848. With his wife
and three living children he emigrated to Utah, having a hard
trip on shipboard with smallpox and none too good an expe-
rience at any stage of his journeyings. Arriving here in
October, 1853, he engaged in the business of harness and shoe-
making, at which he was quite successful, but the perturbed
state of things precipitated by the coming ot Johnston's army
put a quietus on the business for the time being, but it was
taken up again under improved circumstances later on . In
the interim he became a military man — not one of the carpet
warriors, but a real fighter, and saw a great deal of hard, ac-
tive service against both palefaces and redskins. With the
succeeding growth of his business he expanded into stock
raising, at which he has been one ot the most successful men
in the whole Western country, his beautiful residence, Poplar
Farm, just south of the city, showing some fine specimens. He
was assessor and collector of Salt Lake City for fourteen years,
during which time he served three terms in the City Council;
also was a member of two constitutional conventions, gauger
in the U. S. Internal Revenue Department, chairman of the
Territorial and County committee of the People's party, a di-
rector and president of the D. A. & M. Society, director in
two sugar companies, president of the Deseret Investment Co.,
director of Z. C. M. I., Deseret National Bank and Deseret
Savings Bank, vice-president and director of the Union Light

366 UTAH AS IT IS.

and Power Co. and vice-president of the Pioneer Electric Co.
For years he has been conspicuous and active in Temple work
and held other Church positions than those herein set out.

The foregoing gives something of an idea of what an in-
dustrious, enterprising, progressive citizen Col. Winder is. but
nothing on paper can fairly present his characteristics as a
humanitarian and Christian. As zealous in his faith as any,
he is broad, tolerant, forbearing and ever ready with an en-
couraging word and a helping hand for the deserving unfor-
tunate in any walk of life. The old-fashioned type of honesty
which rigidly excludes all consideration of policy, opportunity
and advertising, but includes the prompt adjustment of all obli-
gations and recognition of sterling merit however obscure or
handicapped, is his in abundance. His promise is a gilt-edged
bond, his word a pledge of honor which is never forfeited to
friend or foe.

COUNSELOR ANTHON H. LUND.

[Portrait on page 27.].

ALMOST cotemporaneous with the murder of Joseph and
Hyrum Smith was the first appearance on this stage of action
of the present second counselor in the Presidency of the
Church. Anthon H. Lund. Although many thousand miles
and a great ocean intervened between those events, the work
which the two died for was to find one of its most stalwart,
determined and intelligent supporters in the developed child
whose presence amid the sorrows and joys, the trials and tri-
umphs of life was for many years unheralded and unknown
beyond his immediate vicinity. The date of birth was May
15, 1844; the place, Aalborg, Denmark. His studies began
at the extremely early age of four years, the progress made
was very rapid and he entered the public schools when only
seven. He studied languages along with his regular routine
and his aptness in acquiring foreign tongues was even then
shown to be remarkable; this continued with him and he is

MORMON CHURCH OPP1C1ALS. 367

today able to read and understand at least half a dozen stan-
dard languages. He had a fondness for Bible reading
which was by no means repressed, and this with the spiritual
characteristics of his nature made his acceptance of the faith
of the Latter-day Saints, a matter of course so soon as he was
brought in contact with it, this occurring May 15, 185^, when
twelve years of age. He began preaching the next year,
being thus one of the youngest ministers of the Gospel that
ever went afield, if not the very youngest. After laboring
thus for five years he forsook his native land and came to
Utah, settling in Sanpete county, where he engaged in numer-
ous useful pursuits. He has been on some important missions,
two to Scandinavia, one to Palestine and one to Europe, over
which field he presided. Three years after the completion of
the Manti Temple he was placed in charge of it. He became
an Apostle in October, 1889, and upon the accession of Jos-
eph F. Smith to the Presidency Elder Lund was chosen as
second counselor.

This worthy representative of a historic and once power-
ful race, while one of the most thoroughgoing and best in-
formed men of his time, is so approachable in person, so un-
affected in demeanor and so utterly devoid of self-assertion
or exclusiveness in his manner, that to know him is to respect
him. In his presentation of Gospel principles, while as earnest
and uncompromising as any, there is no vehemence, no bois-
terousness, no artifice; just plain, unequivocal presentations
which must carry conviction where conviction can be had and
at least impress the listener with the man's unquestionable
sincerity and absolute freedom from doubt. Like his associ-
ates he is honest, straightforward and has no enemies but such
as upright men can afford Jo have.

APOSTLE F. M. LYMAN. .

SINCE 1880 Francis Marion Lyman has been a member
of the council of Twelve Apostles. He is the eldest son of

UTAH AS IT IS.

Amasa M. Lyman and Louisa Maria Tanner and was ushered
into the vicissitudes of mundane existence January 12, 1840,
in the town of Goodhope, McDonough county, Illinois. On
July i, 1848, he was baptized in the Elkhorn river by his
father, who also confirmed him. and during that summer, like
others of his youthful companions, he drove a yoke of cattle
and wagon across the plains when only eight years old. He
arrived with his family in the Great Salt Lake valley, October

19, 1848, and subsequently was
given such opportunities for ed-
ucation as the community then
afforded. When his father lo-
cated at San Bernardino, Cali-
fornia, young Lyman migrated
thither, driving loose stock all
the way from Utah. He re-
turned to Salt Lake, and in
1860 was sent on a mission to
Great Britain where he re-
mained for three years. This
may be said to have been his
entry into active public life.
During his long and honorable

career he has rilled many important civic, legislative and
ecclesiastical positions. While absent on a mission in South-
ern Utah, Arizona and New Mexico, Elder Lyman was
chosen one of the Twelve Apostles at the General Conference,
October 10, 1880. His life has been a strenuous one, but his
genial character, engaging personality and generous nature
has enshrined him in the hearts of all his people. At present
Apostle Lyman is president of the, European interests of the
Church, with headquarters at Liverpool, England, to which
mission he was assigned in April, 1901.

F. M. LYMAN.

APOSTLE JOHN HENRY SMITH
WAS born at Carbunca, near Kanesville (now Council Bluffs),

MORMON CHURCH OFFICIAL*.

369

Pottawattamie county, Iowa, September 18, 1848. The time
of his advent was a most grievous one, his parents with their
compatriots fleeing from the bigotry and oppression of their
fellowmen when his birth occurred. His father, President
George A. Smith, and his mother, Sarah Ann Libby, came
to Utah October 27, 1849, but on June 12, 1851, the boy was
left motherless, and was then placed in charge of his mother's
sister, Hannah Maria, to whom he owes much for the training
which led to the success he has so far attained in life. For
a few years the lad remained in Provo with his aunt and went
to school. September 18, 1856, he was baptized and con-
firmed a member of the Church.
Subsequent to this he came to Salt
Lake and pursued his studies and
obtained a moderately good educa-
tion for the times. When eighteen
years of age he married Sarah
Farr, daughter of Lorin Farr and
Nancy Chase of Ogden, and then
moved to Provo where he engaged
for a time as telegraph operator.
In 1857 he was chosen as coun-
selor to Bishop W. A. Follet^ of
the Fourth Ward and held this
position until he obtained work on
the Central Pacific Railway, which

was then being built. Thereafter he returned to Salt Lake
and occupied positions in the Territorial Legislature of 1872
and Constitutional Convention of the same year. In 1874 ^e
was called on a mission to Great Britain where he remained
until ordered home to the sick-bed of his father, who passed
away September i, 1875.

His career since then has been a most active one, and of
a diversified nature. He has traveled in many lands preaching
the gospel and has between times occupied various municipal.
Territorial and political offices, among which was the presi-

JOHN HENRY SMITH.

370

- UTAH AS II IS.

dency of the convention which formed the constitution under
which Utah was admitted to Statehood. Since his call to the
Apostleship on October 27, 1880, Elder Smith has devoted
practically all of his time to public duties and has visited every
Stake in the Church. . Though not a business man in the
general sense of the term, he is capable and progressive and
is connected as an officer and a director with many of the
leading institutions of the State. His is a personality most
interesting, possessing as he does a buoyant nature, brimful
of love for his fellow men, magnetic and cheerful, and as a
speaker he is forceful and eloquent. A large and loving place
does John Henry Smith occupy in the hearts and affections of
his people.

APOSTLE GEORGE TEASDALE.

BORN in London. England, December 8. 1831, his parents
being William Russell Teasdale and Harriet Henrietta Tidey,

George Teasdale began life under
pleasing auspices. He was given
the best education that the public
schools and the London University
could afford and being of a most
thoughtful, studious nature, he
commenced his youthful career
well equipped tocommand success.
After leaving school he entered
the service of an architect and
surveyor but resigned this to learn
the upholstering business. While
working at this trade he became
interested in the principles taught

by the Latter-day Saints and was baptized August 8, 1852.
Upon being ordained an Elder he devoted much time to

GEORGE TEAS2ALE.

MORMON CHURCH OFFICIALS. 371

preaching and giving lectures on religious subjects. While
doing this he met Miss Emily Emma Brown, whom he mar-
ried in 1853.

From thenceforward he occupied many ecclesiastical po-
sitions in Great Britain, and in 1861 was released to come to
Utah, arriving in Great Salt Lake valley, September 27, 1861-
Since his arrival in Utah he has held many important stations,
and has filled numerous missions in this country and in Europe,
succeeding Daniel H. Wells in the presidency of the British
mission from February 1887 till 1890, when he returned
home.

Most of Elder Teasdale's life has been devoted to ad-
vancing the interests of the Church he espoused, and October
15, 1882, he was ordained an Apostle by President John
Taylor. He is a man of calm, even temperament, of deep
spiritual nature, enthusiastic, in a quiet way, in the dissemi-
nation of the principles of the gospel, and is regarded as the
very embodiment of honor and integrity. He is greatly be-
loved by all his fellow religionists and is worthy of his high
calling.

APOSTLE HEBER J. GRANT.

HEBER JEDDY GRANT was born in Salt Lake City, No-
vember 22, 1856, his parents being Jedediah M. Grant and
Rachel Ridgeway Ivins. He is the first of Utah's sons to
be honored with the sacred office and calling of an Apostle.
When a child he attended a school taught by the mother of
Matthias F. Cowley; another taught by the mother of Hon.
A. F. Doremus; later he was a student in President Young's
school house and subsequently entered the Deseret (now Utah)
University. Owing to ill health he was unable to give marked
application to his studies in his early years, but on reaching
manhood he developed a spirit of tenacity and determination
to excel, and acquired much proficiency in various branches

372

UTAH AS IT IS.

of business and scholastic education. He entered the commer-
cial world as a messenger boy in an insurance office, rising
step by step by close attention to duty. Becoming later as-
sistant cashier in Zion's Savings Bank, he aspired to the pres-
idency of such an institution and became president of the State
Bank of Utah at its organization in 1890. He has also been
vice-president of the Salt Lake Herald Co., a director of the
Provo Woolen Mills Co. and the Deseret National Bank, a
director of the Oregon Lumber Co., and at present is presi-
dent of the Home Fire Insurance Co. of Utah, the Salt Lake
Theater Co., the Coop. Wagon & Machine Co. and the in-
surance firm of Heber J. Grant & Co. In 1887 he was elected
a director in Z. C. M. I. and subsequently became chairman
of the executive committee of that institution.

^___ Elder Grant is conceded to be a

Napoleon of finance, and has had
phenomenal success in filling finan-
cial missions for the Church and
the business institutions with
which he is connected. As a
churchman he is equally promi-
nent, having held the offices of
Elder and Seventy prior to his
ordination as a High Priest, in
October, 1880, when he became
President of the Tooele Stake of
Zion, being ordained by President
John Tavlor. He was ordained
an Apostle October 16, 1882.

During his early ecclesiastical career, he performed missions
to the Yaqui Indians of Mexico; he has also visited the Na-
vajos, the Moquis. Zuni and Pappago Indians, and is now
filling a mission in Japan, whither he was called to open the
gospel door, leaving Salt Lake City July 24, 1901. He
was baptized into the Church June 22, 1864.

Politically, Elder Grant has had some experience, having

HEBKR J. GRANT.

MORMON CHURCH OFFICIALS. 373

served one term in the Council of the Territorial Legislature
and several terms in the city council of Salt Lake City as
councilman.

Personally he is tall and erect in figure, with prominent
features which indicate energy and push. He is naturally
affectionate, easily moved to tears and quite emotional, but
strong in every characteristic of manhood. He was married
to Lucy Stringnam in St. George, Utah, November i, 1877,
but death dissolved this happy union some years ago.

He has suffered much, having borne many trials incident
to mortality, but is developing a life of high and noble ideals;
a faithtul minister and earnest worker of the Church, beloved
and honored by all, and deriving supremest joy in his labors
as an Apostle.

\POSTLE JOHN W. TAYLOR.

WHEN Johnston's army was approaching Utah with, it
was believed, hostile intent, the citizens of Salt Lake City
prepared to burn their homes, and then moved south. The
parents of John Whittaker Taylor located temporarily in
Provo, and here the child was born May 15, 1858. His pa-
rents were President John Taylor and Sophia Whittaker.
When the trouble which caused the exodus abated, the Tay-
lor family returned to Salt Lake City, and here the subject
of this sketch was reared until he attained his twenty-fifth
year, when he married and removed to Cassia county, Idaho.

In his boyhood days, as in later life, John W. was in-
dustrious in his habits, and is endowed with bodily health and
a strong, active mind. He has worked on the farm and in
his father's sawmill, but his opportunities for scholastic train-
ing were limited, his father being somewhat financially
embarrassed ;*but nevertheless Elder Taylor acquired a broad-
gauge education outside of as well as in the schoolroom, and

374 UTAH AS IT IS.

being naturally spiritual-minded, his bent led him to obtain a
large fund of religious knowledge which .has been part of his
panoply against sin and unrighteousness. In many respects,
Elder Taylor is unlike the generality of mankind, possessing,
as he does, a combination of traits that is far from common*
Of a deeply spiritual nature, he yet discloses a vein of humor
that enables him to make apt and witty comparisons; and
while his varying traits may be regarded as peculiarities, they
are nevertheless evidences of moral strength and indepen-
dence of character, as well as orig-
inality of thought and action.

Elder Taylor is essentially a
churchman, and most of his life has
been devoted to preaching the gos-
pel. He has filled many missions
and been the means of converting
hundreds. In the spring of 1884
he was chosen to fill a vacancy in
the quorum of the Twelve Apos-
tles, being ordained an Apostle on
April pth of that year by his father,
who was then President- of the
Church.

JOHN W. TAYLOR. .

He has labored successfully in

establishing the prosperous colonies in Canada, and was until
recently president of the mission which embraces Colorado,
Wyoming, New Mexico and Arizona.

APOSTLE M. W. MERRILL.

BORN September 25, 1832, in Sackville, Westmoreland
county, New Brunswick, Marriner Wood Merrill is the son
of Nathan Merrill and Sarah Ann Reynolds. The latter was
a member of the Church, having been baptized in 1836, but
her husband was not. The spiritual influences of his life be-

MORMON CHURCH OFFICIALS.

375

gan early to manifest themselves in young Merrill, and
became prophetic of what his later years would be. He
was converted to his mother's faith, and was baptized into
the Church in April, 1852, when nineteen years of age.
On September 5th of the same year he was ordained a
priest. He was one of a company that crossed the plains
and arrived in Salt Lake City September n, 1853. In No-
vember, 1853, Mr. Merrill was married to Sarah A. Atkin-
son, and immediately thereafter went to Bingham canyon,

where he passed the winter making
shingles. In the spring of the fol-
lowing year he moved to Bountiful,
where he continued shingle making.
In the spring of 1860 he located
in Richmond, Cache county, where
he established a reputation as a most
indefatigable and ceaseless worker.
He was selected in 1861 as the
second bishop in Richmond, which
office he filled for eighteen years,
and he also engaged as contractor
on the Utah Northern railroad dur-
ing its construction. In this capacity
he distributed among the people for

work done some $780,000 dollars, and this was the begin-
ning of his financial progress.

In 1879 Elder Merrill was called to act as a counselor to
Stake President William B. Preston, and remained such for
ten years. In 1884 he was counselor in the stake to
President C. O. Card, and in the same year was appointed to
the presidency of the Logan temple, with Apostle Moses
Thatcher and Elder N. C. Edlefson as his counselors. In
1889 he was ordained an Apostle, and in 1899 he was ap-
pointed President of the Cache Stake of Zion.

During his residence in Cache valley, Elder Merrill has
been prominent in the civil affairs of the county and State.

MARRINER W. MERRILI,.

376 VTAH AS IT IS.

In 1876 and 1878 he served two terms in the Legislature, and
for more than ten years he was a member of the county
court. The position of postmaster of Richmond he held for
twenty years. In 1896 he was appointed a member of the
Agricultural College board, which office he held for nearly
four years, and at present he is a member of the Brigham
Young College board.

Elder Merrill's life in Cache valley, and its far-reaching
influence throughout northern Utah and southern Idaho, has
for many years made him a leading character among men.
his great farms, his beautiful homes, his industrial enterprises
in dairying and milling, all indicating a high degree of thrift
and enterprise. He is a man of strong attachments, of per-
sistent effort and indomitable will, of few words and little
given to speculative philosophy, but of strong, abiding faith,
and his life has ever been characterized by the greatest earn-
estness and sincerity.

APOSTLE M. F. COWLEY.

BORN in Salt Lake City, August 25, 1858, Matthias Foss
Cowley is the son of Matthias Cowley and Elizabeth Foss.
This interesting event took place immediately after the return
of his parents from Springville, whither they had gone during
the "move." Some years after his father's death, which
took place in 1864, ms mother married the well-known early
civil engineer, Jesse W. Fox, and young Cowley assisted him
in his labors in the survey of the Utah Southern railway (since
a branch of the Oregon Short Line south of Salt Lake City)
for seven summers. In the winter season he attended the
Deseret (now Utah) University, his early education being
received from his mother. An inborn desire toward religion
early developed itself in young Cowley, and while in the
surveying field he carried a Bible, which he frequently pe-

MORMON CHURCH OFFICIALS.

377

rused, his mind becoming permeated with the great principles
of life as therein set forth.

He was baptized November i, 1866, and in October,
1874, was ordained a Deacon and Teacher. December 28,
1874, he was ordained an Elder, and in April of the following
year he was chosen counselor to Edwin W. Davis of the first
quorum of Elders. In February, 1878, he was called on a
mission to the Southern States. Prior to his departure on a
second mission, Elder Cowley was ordained a Seventy by
President Joseph Young, and subsequently thereto he has
filled numerous missions, traveling extensively in the interest

of the Church, and on May 21,
1884, he was married to Miss
Abbie Hyde in the Logan temple.
When President George C.
Parkinson was chosen to preside
over the Oneida stake, Elder
Cowley was made his second
counselor, and this position he oc-
cupied for ten years, until called
to the apostleship. He was or-
dained to this office in 1897, and
since then his life has been one of
great activity in preaching the
gospel throughout the earth. His
value as a laborer in the cause he
espoused has become more pronounced as the years roll by,
and his plain simplicity, open-heartedness and rich endow-
ment of the spirit of his calling have endeared him to his
people everywhere. Standing on the threshold of a great
career, Elder Cowley gives promise of the fulfillment of life's
highest ideals, the spirituality of his nature developing in
grace and beauty and his chiefest aims being the service of:
God and Jhe realization of the brotherhood of man.

MATTHIAS F. COWI,EY.

378

UTAH AS IT IS.
APOSTLE A. O. WOODRUFF.

ABRAHAM OWEN WOODRUFF is the son of President
Wilford Woodruff and Emma Smith, and first saw the light
of day November 23, 1872, the place of his nativity being a
short distance south of Salt Lake City. His education was
acquired in the public schools and the Latter-day Saints Col-
lege, and when eighteen years of age he was placed in a

bank, where he served first as
a collector and next as assist-
ant bookkeeper.

In 1893 he was called to the
Swiss and German mission, but
in 1896 he returned to his native
city, &nd resumed his work in
the bank. On June 3Oth he
was married to Miss Helen
May Winters. During Octo-
ber conference, 1896, he was
called to the apostles hip. and
on October 7th was ordained to
that office by his father. Since
his appointment, Elder Woodruff has been most diligent in
the high office of his calling. One of his special and success-
ful labors being the colonization of the Big Horn country.

Scrupulous honesty, simplicity, implicit faith in God,
industry and a total absence of ostentation are the en-
dowments which Apostle Woodruff possesses in marked
degree, and being humble and companionable he is in close
touch with the people, enjoying their love, confidence and
esteem. He is just past the threshold of manhood, his career
has but commenced, and the skies are blue and the sun shines
o'er his pathway with the promise of a glorious future in "the
chosen work, and that his course will be guided by true
principle and noble purpose -is unequivocally assured.

A. O. WOODRUFF.

MORMON CHURCH OM1C1ALS. 379

APOSTLE RUDGER CLAWSON.

[Portrait on page 95.]

THE subject of this sketch was ushered into this life
March i, 1857, in Salt Lake City, his parents being Hiram
B. Clawson and Margaret Gay Judd. He was educated in
the schools of his native city, and after leaving school he
became private secretary to John W. Young, then presi-
dent of the Utah Western Railway company. In 1879
the young man was called on a mission to the Southern
States, and it was while laboring in Georgia that his friend
and companion missionary, Elder Joseph Standing, was shot
down by a brutal mob. In December, 1887, Elder Clawson
was called upon to preside over the Box Elder Stake of Zion,
and he at once moved thither and entered upon the discharge
of his duties. During his presidency new meeting houses
were erected in eleven of the fourteen wards of the stake,
and a new tabernacle replaced the old one previously de-
stroyed by fire, this great task being accomplished in only
thirteen months, the building being fully paid for and dedicated
within that time.

President Clawson was called to the apostleship at the
general conference held in October, 1898, and on the loth of
the month was ordained by President Lorenzo Snow. Since
that time he has been occupied in the discharge of the duties
of his calling, organizing, instructing and in office work for
the Church. Whatever of success he has so far attained in
life he attributes to his determination to be guided by the
counsel of his brethren, and to always do the right as God
gives him to see it, let the consequence follow, whatever it be.

APOSTLE REED SMOOT.

[Portrait on page 151. |

THE son of Abraham O. Smoot and Anna Kirstine Mou-
iritsen, Reed Smoot was born January 10, 1862, in Salt Lake

380 UTAH AS IT IS.

City. He obtained his early training in private schools in his
native city, but in 1872 his father moved to Provo, and here
the subject of this sketch has resided ever since. He was
baptized at eight years of age in the Endowment House
in Salt Lake City, and was ordained a Deacon July 15, 1877.
in 1879 he was made a Priest, and in April, 1880, an
Elder. Four years later he was ordained a Seventy, and in
189^ was ordained a High Priest, At the same time he was
appointed as second counselor to President Edward Part-
ridge, of the Utah stake. Elder Smoot continued to serve as
one of the presidency of that stake until called to the apostle-
ship, April 8, 1900. He was ordained by President Lorenzo
Snow the day following.

In the business world, Elder Smoot has made a phenom-
enal record. After leaving the Brigham Young Academy,
where he passed through all the higher branches then taught
there, he entered the service of the Provo Woolen Mills,
working successively in every department of the factory.
Upon entering the mills he formed the characteristic resolve
to become their manager, and this ambition was realized
eleven years later. He also occupied an humble position in
the Provo Co-operative Institution, beginning at the foot of
the ladder; but his energy and faithfulness were rewarded
with the superintendency, a position which less than eighteen
months before he had resolutely set out to win. He re-
mained in the superintendency nearly four years, and in
April, 1884, was made manager of the Woolen Mills.

In 1890 he filled a mission to Europe, and while he had
previously visited nearly every State in the Union on business
bent, this was his first extended absence from home. Prior
to going on this mission he had become totally absorbed in
commercial affairs and was fast becoming a man of means
and financial influence in the community. After his return
from England. October i, 1891, he launched out in business
more extensively than ever. He resumed his former position
as manager of the Provo Woolen Mills, and for a short time

MORMON CHURCH OFFICIALS. 381

assisted his father as manager of the Provo Lumber, Manu-
facturing and Building company. He was the main promoter
of the Provo Commercial and Savings bank, and has been
from the first its president. He also engaged considerably in
mining, and was made vice-president of the Grand Central
Mining company, also of the Victoria Mining company. He
erected a number of business blocks, and became a director
in the Clark-Eldredge company of Salt Lake City as well as
in other important concerns.

Apostle Smoot is tall, well built, and more than usually
energetic in all his actions. He is broad-minded, charitable
by nature, although unostentatious, the soul of punctuality,
courteous and candid, and his genius is practical and progres-
sive. In January, 1903, at the second Tuesday's session of
the Legislature, he was elected to the proud position of
United States Senator on the first ballot, and will undoubtedly
make a name and fame for himself in national life akin to
the success he has so notably achieved in the business
world.

APOSTLE H. M. SMITH.

HYRUM MACK SMITH is the eldest son of President Joseph
F. Smith and Edna Lambson, and was born in Salt Lake City
March 21, 1872. He was carefully and lovingly trained and
nurtured in his youth and obtained his education in the public
schools, later attending the Latter-day Saints College
from which he graduated in June, 1894. On November
15, 1895, he married Miss Ida Bowman of Ogden and on
the evening of the next day he departed on a mission to Great
Britain.

Upon arriving home in April, 1898, he was set apart as

382

UTAH AS IT IS.

a home missionary and also acted as assistant teacher and cor-
responding secretary of the 24th quorum of Seventy. He

was employed at Z. C. M.
I., where he remained until
October 30, 1901. When
the Salt Lake Stake was
divided he became a resident
of Granite Stake and occu-
pied various positions therein.
He was called to the apos-
tleship October 24, 1901,
and was ordained by his
father the same day.

Hyrum M. Smith is in al
respects a model young man,
never having tasted tea, cof-
fee, tobacco nor intoxicating
drinks of any kind ; has never
taken the name of God in
H. M. SMITH. vajn nor befouled his mouth

with profanity; and is ever found working diligently and
earnestly for the success of the great work in which he is
engaged. He honors and loves his parents next to his
Maker, and is esteemed and loved in return by a host of hi&
fellow men.

JOHN SMITH, PATRIARCH.

THE sixth presiding Patriarch of the Chureh bears the by
no means unfamiliar name of John Smith, and he is so plain
and easy-going in his way that the name seems to fit exactly..
He was born in the historic town of Kirtland, Ohio, on Sep-
tember 22, 1832, and was one of a family of six children. In
1838 he accompanied his father, the Prophet's brother Hyrum,
to another historic place — Far West, Missouri — the persecu-
tions at which were fully shared in by the family and resulted

MORMON CHURCH OFFICIALS.

383

finally in their being driven out of the State. Early in 1839
they landed at Quincy, Illinois, moving to the site of Nauvoo
soon after. Their story from that time on was that of many
others and is an oft-told tale, but no amount of repetition can
ever diminish its awfulness. In February, 1847, John pro-
ceeded ahead of the family along with Heber C. Kimball,,
and his experiences on that
trip were many, varied and
trying. In September, at
Winter Quarters, learning
that the family were on the
way he turned back and met
them, and returning to that
place they stayed two win-
ters, John building a house,
tilling the soil and making
himself thoroughly useful all
the time. In the spring of
1848 the family pulled out
for Salt Lake vallty, reach-
ing it on September 23,
after a series of hardships
such as none of those of
the present day can appre-
ciate even when told of them.
John's missionary and plains-crossing work after that would
make an interesting book by themselves. Of late years he
has given most of his attention to his duties as Patriarch, and
it is worthy of note that in this calling he has pronounced
blessings upon some 16,000 people. He is something of a
farmer, a man of affairs and a good citizen all through.

JOHN SMITH.

BISHOP WM. B. PRESTON.

[Portrait on page 29.]
THE full name of the fourth presiding Bishop of the Church

384 UTAH AS IT IS.

is William Bowker Preston. He is a native of the proud Old
Dominion State, having first beheld the light of day in Franklin
county on November 24, 1830. His is a thoroughly historic
name, being traceable back to the Scottish kings of a thousand
years ago, the line embracing many distinguished names. His
earliest recollections are associated with the farm, and these
have presumably been of much use to him in his wide and
varied experiences in Utah. At nineteen he became clerk in
a store and followed this calling till 1852, when he left home
and drifted with the tide which was then sweeping onward to
the golden shores of California, reaching which and declining
to yield to the prevailing fever he obeyed the promptings of
his earlier associations by settling down to farming and stock
raising in Yolo county. He had as neighbors the Thatcher
family, through whom he learned of Mormonism and was soon
converted, being baptized in February, 1857. Along with the
others he came to Utah in response to the call of President
Young because of the approach of Johnston's army. On
February 24, 1858, soon after his arrival, Mr. Preston was
united in marriage to Miss Harriet A. Thatcher. In the trying
times following he became a veritable sentinel on the border,
taking up v. ith the duties and labors of the plainsman as
readily as though to the manner born. Freighting, merchan-
dising and pioneering were the prevailing features of his career,
On November 14, 1859, he was ordained Bishop of Logan,
of which place he had been one of the founders. He en-
gaged in many useful enterprises, among them railroad build-
ing, and was always to the fore in matters looking to the wel-
fare and advancement of the people. He served several terms
in the Territorial Legislature, was presiding Bishop of the
county and then President of the Stake, and soon after the
death of Bishop Edward Hunter, on October 16, 1883, Presi-
dent Preston was called to the office which he now holds, the
date of appointment being April 6, 1884.

MORMON CHURCH OFFICIALS. 385

BISHOP R. T. BURTON.

[Portrait on page 29.]

THE subject of this sketch is much more widely known
than in the connection in which he is here presented, which
implies peace and fraternity in their fullest estate. He exem-
plifies these in the best possible measure, but he has been a
good deal of a fighter, and if the occasion arose would un-
doubtedly be one yet, notwithstanding his somewhat advanced
years.

Robert Taylor Burton was born at Amersburg, Canada
West, Oct. 25, 1821. The family from which he came was
.a numerous one, there being thirteen children besides him-
self. In 1837 he first heard Mtfrmonism preached and showed
his friendship for its messengers at that early age, being bap-
tized into the Church the following year, the family having
preceded him. They left for the headquarters of the Saints
soon after and remained in Walnut Grove, 111., for two years,
removing thence to Nauvoo. They participated in the
awful experiences of their people, and Robert T. with his
young wife crossed ihe Mississippi river on the ice in Feb-
ruary, 1846, camping in snow eighteen inches deep and the
temperature below zero. What a delightful honeymoon!
Finally they reached the Missouri river about the middle of
June, where the aged mother died from the exposures of the
trip. Finally they got together in the main emigration
movement, arriving in Salt Lake valley atter innumerable
hardships in September, 1848.

Early in 1850 the military company to which he belonged
had to take the field to protect the Utah County settlers
against the ravages of the redskins, and here young Burton
showed military genius of a high order and such native cour-
age as is not often met with. The campaign was decidedly
successful. In the fall of the same year he was in the field
,against the Shoshones of the north country, in November
•was again after the Utah County marauders and in December

UTAH AS IT IS.

participated in a very trying campaign against the savages in
Tooele County. In June. 1851, he fought them to a finish
on the western desert and soon after headed an expedition
in aid of District Court process to Green River. He took a
large part in the operations against the army under A. S,
Johnston, a detailed account of which would make a long
story, and would not then be complete without the addition
of several more expeditions and achievements each demand-
ing more space than can here be given it. He was arrested
during the earlier part of the "period of friction," to which
abundant space is elsewhere devoted in these pages, on the
charge of murder for executing the process of a Federal
court and to that court's satisfaction, but was honorably
acquitted by a jury composed equally of Mormons and
Gentiles. In 1868 he received a commission as major-general
at the hands of Governor Durkel, having reached it through
the process of regular promotion, his upward progress having
embraced every subsidiary rank. He has also held a great
number of Church and civil positions and was appointed
counselor to Bishop Edward Hunter in 1875 anc^ *° ms present
one of first counselor to Bishop Preston on ]uly 31, 1884,
He has always brought to his positions the great qualities-
of efficiency and thoroughness and has made a name and fame
which cannot be effaced.

BISHOP O. P. MILLER.

[Portrait on page 29.]

ORRIN PORTER MILLER, second counselor to Bishop
W. B. Preston, is a native son of Utah, his birthplace being
Mill Creek, Salt Lake County, the date of arrival Sep. n,
1858. He was baptized in his ninth year and advanced
rapidly in Church positions. In 1881 he was married to
Elizabeth M. Morgan. His positions of honor and trust,
civilly and ecclesiastically, would make a very long essay,

MORMON CHURCH OFFICIALS. 38T

and in each and every one he proved so efficient and faithful
that promotion was a natural result. When Salt Lake Stake
of Zion was divided and Jordan Stake organized out of the
southern part, he was called from the Riverton Bishopric to
preside, atid the call from this station to his present one was
on October 24, 1901.

Mr. Miller is one of our most popular citizens, his friends
being numerous and representative of people of all shades
of opinion, religious and political. As a churchman he is
sincere and thorough; in business he is efficient and straight-
forward; and in every walk of life he is without reproach. In
appearance he is tall and commanding and in deportment is-
affable and genteel under all circumstances.

ANDREW JENSON, HISTORIAN.*

MR. JENSON is a native ot Denmark, having been born
in Forsley parish, Hjorring amt, on Dec. n, 1850. He re-
ceived as good an education as the common schools of his
neighborhood admitted of, and begun his business career at
the early age of fourteen, earning enough to pay his way to
the United States, for which he set sail in May, 1866; he
landed at Nebraska and soon thereafter crossed the plains to
Utah, settling at Pleasant Grove, where he lived for sixteen
years. He worked hard at farming and other laborious pur-
suits, putting in his spare time reading and going to school;
his experiences from that time along have been varied and
trying, but educational in a practical way to a marked extent.
Having been baptized into the Church when but nine years
old, he was ordained an Elder on April 10, 1873, and a
Seventy in May following. After his return from a mission
to his native land, in 1875 ne was married to Kirsten Marie

* Prest. A. H. L,und is Church Historian. Those named herein are his
assistants.

388

UTAH AS IT IS.

Pedersen, by whom he had four children and who died in
1887. He had two other wives, Misses Emma and Bertha

Howell, by the first of whom
he had three children. Mr.
Jenson has done great work
as a writer and translator,
being an editor and author
of excellent attainments and
extensive experience; he has
also held several civil offices
and is always 4ion the go,"
being one of the busiest
men in any community. His
last mission for the Church
was in 1902-3, when he filled
a special one to Europe, get-
ting out a new edition of
the Book of Mormon in
the Danish language and at-
tending to some historical
ANDREW JENSON. work.

O. F. WHITNEY, HISTORIAN.

MR. WHITNEY was born July i, 1855, in this city, being
the eldest living issue of Horace K. Whitney and Helen Mar
Kimball Whitney. His father was one of the Utah Pioneers
of July 24, 1847, and occupied many positions of distinction.
He was educated in the district schools of his native city and
in the University of Deseret (now University of Utah), and
his earliest predilections were music and the drama. Was
preparing for the stage when called on a mission to go to the
Eastern States in October, 1876. While absent corresponded
for the home papers, notably the Salt Lake Herald, over the
nom de -plume of "lago," by which he acquired considerable
reputation. He then began to take a deeper interest in liter-

MORMON CHURCH OFFICIALS. 389'

ature, and aspired to journalism, developing along these lines
and in oratory, owing to his practice in preaching.

Returning from his mission, he became on July 14, 1878,.
Bishop of tne Eighteenth ward, Salt Lake City, which office
he has since held. About the same time he became connected

with the News staff as city
editor. In December, 1879,.
he married, and in February,
1880, was elected to the City
Council. From the autumn
of 1881 to the summer of
1883 he was in Europe fill-
ing another mission, most of
the time in the editorial de-
partment of the Millennial
Star at Liverpool. Visited
various parts of Great Brit-
ain, spent a memorable week
in the city of Paris, and "did"
London thoroughly, living
there several months. Re-
turning home he again be-
came city editor of the News,.
o. F. WHITNEY. ancj jn October, 1883, made

his last appearance upon the stage. A year later he was ap-
pointed City Treasurer, and was twice elected to that position.
Was Chief Clerk of the House in the Territorial Legislature of
1888, and from 1884 to 1890 was Chancellor of the University
of Deseret. Mr. Whitney was a member of the Constitutional-
Convention and one of the most active and capable members.
He was a Senator in the third and fourth State Legislatures.
His greatest literary work is the History of Utah, with which
all our readers are abundantly familiar, but he has produced
many others of decided merit. He is a poet of great and recog-
nized ability, his latest effort being a masterpiece — an epic en-
titled "Elias,"and as a public speaker has very few superiors

390 U1AH AS II IS.

For several years past Mr. Whitney has been an active
assistant in the Church Historian's office. In 1892 he was
nominated by the Democrats for the position of County Clerk,
but it was not a Democratic year and he went down with his
ticket. Personally he is one of the most genial of men; in his
friendships as in his faith he is true and steadfast.

A. M. MUSSER, HISTORIAN.

[Portrait on page 216.]

AMOS MILTON MUSSER, assistant to the Church Historian,
is a native of Pennsylvania, having been born in Donegal, Lan-
caster County, on May 20, 1830. Dependent upon his own
labor in childhood for his support and largely that of the fam-
ily (his mother being a widow) such dreams of childhood
as life being a great playground was in his case dissipated at
the beginning and the stern realities having to be grappled
with all along have contributed in no small measure to fitting
him for the many trials he has passed through. He was one
of the youthful modern Spartans who defended Nauvoo
against the merciless mobocrats and was frequently a witness
of scenes of blood and carnage which might well have appalled
older and sterner men. He was baptized into the Church at
Kanesville, Iowa, in the spring of 1851 and the fall of the same
year saw him safely landed in Zion. There was but little for
anybody but hard work in those days, and it is needless to say
that he did his part as uncomplainingly as the rest, until the
turn in the tide placed the toilers in more desirable circum-
stances.

Elder Musser was for many years what was known as a
traveling Bishop, looking after Church affairs of a temporal
nature throughout theTerritory and its immediate surroundings.
He has been in his present position since his return from a
mission to the East Indies, circumnavigating the globe without
purse or scrip, in 1857. He is a man of immovable integrity
and unswerving fidelity to principle. When sentenced to im-

MORMON CHURCH OFFICIALS. 391

prisonment for refusal to abandon or in any manner besmirch
his several families, his demeanor was one approaching sub-
limity in its lofty disdain, spurning the means of escape offered
as an insult to his manliness and sense of honor. And yet he
is not that kind of person in everyday life, being somewhat
retiring, always affable and not in the least self-assertive in his
manner. He has numerous friends whose company he always
enjoys.

(Mr. Musser's labors and achievements in other depart-
ments of life are previously spoken of).

B. H. ROBERTS, HISTORIAN.

[Portrait on page 150.]

AMONG the men of Utah who have made their impress
upon both Church and State is Brigham Henry Roberts. He
is a type of the self-made men of this country. He begun
active life here under very humble circumstances. Reaching
the United States from his birthplace (Warrington, Lan-
cashire, England) when only nine years old, he settled with
his parents at Bountiful, Davis County, this State. He par-
ticipated in the hardships incidental to supporting a family
by hard labor in the early days and worked in the mining
camps of Ophir and Jacob City, Tooele County, for some
time. He was apprenticed to the blacksmith trade at the
age of seventeen, and whenever opportunities afforded atten-
ded the local schools. Instead of squandering his spare
hours in pleasure-seeking or idleness, young Roberts persist-
ently delved in the published thoughts of the great minds of
this and other ages, assimilating as he went along, and was
soon able to enter the University of Utah as a normal, gradu-
ating in 1878 at the head of his class and being accorded
the honor of delivering the valedictory. He afterwards
traveled extensively throughout Great Britain and this country,
having visited nearly every State in the Union. Politically

392

UTAH AS IT IS.

he is a Democrat and acquired his proclivities not by a com-
bination of circumstances or because of peculiar situations,
but through a close and persistent study of forms and theories
of government and social polity, beginning his researches
with the studious reading of Blackstone's Commentaries and
continuing along that line down to the statutes of the State.
His knowledge of history is very great and has been of signal
benefit to him in his public and private career. He is one of
the most effective speakers in this or any other State and is
the author of several volumes of ecclesiastical literature.
(Other references to Mr. Roberts occur in different places in
this volume.)

PRESIDENT ANGUS M. CANNON.

THE President of the Salt Lake Stake of Zion has held
his present position since 1876. He was born in Liverpool

England, on May 17, 1834,
his parents being George
and Ann Quayle Cannon, one
of his brothers the justly re-
nowned George Q., and the
other members were Mary
Alice, Ann, David H. and
Leonora. The mother, on
her way here, died on ship-
board and was entombed in
the ocean. Late in 1842 the
family reached New Orleans
and the following spring
made their way to Nauvoor
Illinois. Angus M. entered
the Church in 1844, by bap-

ANGUS M. CANNON.

tism in the Mississippi river.

As a boy he shared in many of the harrowing conditions
through which his people passed, and after innumerable hard-

MORMON CHURCH OFFICIALS. 393

ships succeeded in reaching Salt Lake valley in October,
1849, having walked the entire distance. His pioneering and
other work contributed in no small measure towards the
building up of the community, and to detail his missionary ex-
periences and do them justice would be more than can be
undertaken here; and his services in the militia, as a public
officer and an enterprising citizen can also but be hinted at.
He was one of the goodly army who underwent penal servitude
because of their adherence to principle, having had consider-
ably more of the ordeal dealt out to him altogether than any
one else in the list and stood it remarkably well. Mr. Cannon
is the father of 27 children. He is a farmer, a stock raiser,
and is largely interested in the mining industry.

President Cannon's counselors are Joseph E. Taylor and
Charles W. Penrose, elsewhere spoken of.

THE RECENTLY DEPARTED.

THERE are a great many men and women of note who
have gone before that are worthy of special mention in this
department; but the restraints of space again make themselves
apparent and restrict the mention to those more recently de-
parted, embracing the names of Lorenzo Snow, George Q.
Cannon, Franklin D. Richards and Brigham Young, Jr.

LORENZO SNOW, the fifth President of the Church, was
born April 30, 1814, in Mantua, Ohio. He was brought up
on a farm and became thus inured to manual labor, but his
mental faculties were by no means neglected, his spare mo-
ments being given largely to reading, which, with the scho-
lastic training received and including a term at Oberlin College,
made his education far above the average. The discipline of
the college was Presbyterian, and young Snow had about de-
cided upon a life with religion strictly eliminated; however,

sae

394

UTAH AS IT JS

his gifted sister Eliza R. had previously embraced Mormonism
and was constantly laboring with him, which, with improved
associations, soon wrought a change in his views and he joined
the Church in June, 1836. He was a participant in most of

the troubles of his people in
those stormy days, and as a
teacher and missionary ren-
dered valuable service at dif-
ferent times and in many pla-
ces. He came to Salt Lake
valley in the fall of 1848,
was made an Apostle in 1849,
becoming President of the
quorum on April 7, 1889,
and on October 18, 1898,
was called to the Presidency
of the Church, President
Woodruff having died a few
months previously. Presi-
dent Snow was one of the
victims of the great crusade
beginning early in the eight-
ies and which began to die
out with his own release from

the penitentiary through the ruling of the U. S. Supreme Court,
after serving eleven months imprisonment. He engaged large-
ly in business pursuits and was a thorough business man.
He served the people for the unusually long term of twenty-
nine years in the Legislature, and after a long and eventful
life passed away in Salt Lake City on October 10, 1901.

PRESIDENT LORENZO SNOW.

GEORGE Q. CANNON, who served as first counselor to
Presidents Taylor, Woodruff and Snow, was born in Liverpool,
England, on January n, 1827, his parents being natives of

MORMON CHURCH 01P1C1ALU.

395

the Isle of Man. The name is thoroughly historic and inter-
woven with many events of stirring interest. He became con-
verted to Mormon doctrine at an early age and was ordained
an Elder on February 9, 1845, at Nauvoo. where he had
also learned the printing business in the office of the Times
and Seasons, a publication conducted by Elder (afterwards Pres-
ident) John Taylor. In 1846 George Q. accompanied the
main body of the Saints to Winter Quarters, and the follow-
ing year, on October 3rd,
reached Salt Lake valley,
this being soon after the
vanguard of the Pioneers
got here. For two years
he participated vigorously
in the trying work of lay-
ing the State's foundation,
and was then sent on a
mission to California, then
an unorganized territory,
and the following year
went on a mission to the
Sandwich Islands, where
he had a series of rigorous
experiences. He acquired
the language easily and
translated the Book of
Mormon into the native

tongue. Returning to San Francisco in 1854, ^e shortly
after came on home, but was returned before long to assist in
the publication of the Western Standard. To correctly set
forth all of his missionary and other experiences in this narrow
space would be a manifest impossibilty; suffice it to say, he was
and remained one of the most indomitable, indefatigable work-
ers in the Church, sharing largely in the persecutions brought
upon his people. Among his journalistic experiences were
the editorship of the Deseret News and Millennial Star, Liver-

GEO. Q. CANNON.

396 UTAH AS IT IS.

pool. 1860-2; he then proceeded to Washington, having been
elected U. S. Senator from the. provisional State of DesereU
He never took the seat, but was afterwards a Delegate from the
Territory for upwards of nine years, having previously added
to his political career several terms in the Legislature. (Some
of his experiences will be found in other departments). He was
an orator in the front rank, a born statesman and a natural
diplomat, of excellent education, good address and pleasing
personality. He died on April 12, 1901, at Monterey, Cali-
fornia, whether he had gone in quest of health, but the funeral
took place in Salt Lake City on April 16, 1901, and was at-
tended by a great host of people.

FRANKLIN DEWEY RICHARDS was a native of Massachu-
setts, his birthplace being Richmond, Berkshire county, the
time of birth April 2, 1821. He was raised on a farm and
between the times of labor inseparable from that calling found
opportunity to improve his mind, which he unfailingly availed
himself of in the greatest measure. He became at an early
age noted as a great reader and at thirteen took a term in Lennox
Academy. He was brought up in the Congregational faith,
but soon outgrew it. A copy of the Book of Mormon having
been left with the family by some Elders, it was eagerly
perused by all, but especially by young Franklin, and on June
3, 1838, he was baptized by his father Phineas, the latter
having of course previously joined. On October 22, 1838,
the son set out for Far West, Missouri, and while en route his
brother was slain, with several others, by a mob at Haun's
Mill. He first met the Prophet Joseph in 1839, and from that
time on was a diligent, valiant worker for the Church. He
was married to Jane Snyder in 1842, by whom he had several
children, elsewhere spoken of. His life for many years was
a trying one, what with laboring for the support of his little

MORMON CHURCH OFFICIALS.

397

family, from whom he was for long periods separated while
laboring in the ministry among hostile people. Gathering to-
gether as good an equipment for traveling as his limited means
would permit, he saw his family depart for the Western wilds
and then turned his face resolutely to the East to fulfill a mis-
sion to England, which he had started on before but was re-
called from on account of the assassination of Joseph and
Hyrum Smith. He returned in the spring of 1848 and started

for Salt Lake valley, reach-
ing Winter Quarters in May,
1848, where he found his
wife and the others who had
been able to endure the rigors
of the journey from Nauvoo.
After innumerable difficul-
ties, which must have utterly >
crushed less determined
people, they reached the val-
ley on October 19. On Feb-
ruary 12 following he was
ordained an Apostle, and in
October, 1849, ^e was again
sent upon a mission to Great
Britain, having a hard trip
all the way. His efficient
labors there and since are
well known and too volumi-
nous to set out in detail. He
removed from Salt Lake to Ogden in May, 1869, and in ad-
dition to being the presiding ecclesiastical authority in Weber
County was Probate Judge for several terms, filling both posi-
tions with marked ability and to the general satisfaction of the
people. In April, 1889, he was appointed as Church
Historian and served several years, and in 1898, with the ac-
cession of Lorenzo Snow to the Presidency, he became Pres-

FRANKUN D. RICHARDS.

398

UTAH AS IT IS.

ident of the Twelve Apostles, which position he held till his
death, which occurred at Ogden on December 9, 1899.

Personally, Apostle Richards was one of the most affable
men in public life and one of the most upright. With the
opportunities at hand from which less scrupulous persons
would have amassed fortunes, he died with no more than a
competence to his credit. In the pulpit, on the street or at
home, he was ever dignified but never distant, his deportment
being that of a gentleman by instinct and training.

APOSTLE BRIGHAM YOUNG.

THIS son of the great leader of the Mormon people was
born in Kirtland, Ohio, on December 18, 1836, his mother
being Mary Ann Angell. He was a twin, his sister being

named Mary and her life was very
brief, as a result of the mobbings to
which the family was subjected in
Missouri. They underwent all
manner of privations and persecu-
tions. The boy was, even in the
midst of trouble, light-hearted and
disposed to make the best of every
thing, and thus he grew up to man-
hood's estate. He was baptized
into the Church in the Mississippi
river by his father in 1845. It would
be quite out of the question to depict
the sorrows and sufferings which
those devoted people underwent

while preparing for and engaged in their trip to Utah, in
which the boy ever participated and always lent a willing hand
in the performance of all the work which such proceedings
entailed. As a boy of twelve he drove two yoke of cattle
across the plains, reaching the valley in the fall of 1848. On

BRIGHAM YOUNG, JR.

MORMON CHURCH OFFICIALS.

399

November 15, 18^5, he was married to Catherine C. Spencer
and subsequently to Jane Carrington. Young Brigham rend-
ered efficient service in the "war" of resistance to Colonel
Johnston's army and took a very active part in all things of a
public nature requiring his assistance, working and contriving
along for the support of his family in the meantime. He was
on several missions, and in these as in every walk of life was
persevering and efficient. He was a singularly open-hearted
and free-handed man, always cheery and care-dispelling, was
as honest as the day is long and had a multitude of friends
wherever known. He died in Salt Lake City on April 13,
1903.

TEMPLE, TABERNACLE AND ASSEMBLY HALL.

STATE AND OTHER OFFICIALS.

PAST AND PRESENT OFFICEHOLDERS AND
OTHERS POLITICALLY ENGAGED.

THE reader will please keep in mind that in this and suc-
ceeding chapters the arrangement of the matter has no signi-
ficance. The sketches are inserted in, approximately, the
order in which they were received. Any other plan would
savor of invidiousness, perchance of favoritism, and these are
things which this book is supposed to avoid. There may be
some few exceptions, occurring by reason of not receiving the
cut when the matter was ready, or vice versa, but this, in the
light of the explanation, is of no consequence. The presen-
tation of a man. or woman, is as conspicuous at the end or
any other part of the chapter as at the beginning thereof.

In this chapter those who hold important offices at the
present time, as relating to the State or any division thereof,
are given; those who have held office under the State at large
are also shown.

GOVERNOR HEBER M. WELLS.

[Portrait on pages 100 and n8j.

THE first Governor of the State of Utah was ushered into
this vale of tears on August n, 1859, at Salt Lake City. His
father was that sterling citizen and true patriot, Daniel H.
Wells, Attorney General of the provisional State of Deseret
and several times Mayor of Salt Lake, the mother being

STATE AND OTHER OFFICIALS. 401

Martha Harris. The foundation for what has proved to be a
widely known and altogether honorable career was begun a
few years later when young Heber started going to school,
proceeding from the rudimentary to the more advanced class-
es with gratifying rapidity and graduating at sixteen years of
age from the Deseret University. Soon after, he entered the
service of the city as a deputy tax collector and advanced step
by step to the positions of deputy recorder and recorder, the
latter by appointment of the City Council in 1882. He was
subsequently elected to the same position for three full terms
of two years each. In the great struggle for the control of
the municipality between the People's party and the Liberals,
in 1890, he could have been the former's nominee for Mayor
if he had permitted his friends to do all they desired to in that
direction, but he peremptorily declined and thereby the party
was deprived of some of the strength it would undoubtedly
have had with him as the chief standard bearer. Perhaps the
result would have been substantially the same, but certainly he
would have done as he did on every previous and even subse-
quent occasion — have to look over his shoulder to see his asso-
ciates in the race — showing his popularity with all classes of
the community. His next position was membership in the
Constitutional Convention.

In the first Republican State convention, which was held
in Salt Lake City in the latter part of August, 1895, there
was a sharp contest for the nomination for Governor, but Mr.
Wells proved an easy winner on the first ballot. On the
opening of the campaign he took the field in person and made
a thorough canvass of every section of the State. His speeches
were devoid of any attempt at rhetorical effect, being plain
statements in business-like language, carrying conviction with
them. Although pitted against a good man and one who had
done the commonwealth much excellent public service — John
T. Caine — Heber was a decided winner. Two years later
(nearly a year extra was added to the first term by the Con-
stitution, so as to avoid another election so soon after the first),

402 UTAH AS IT IS.

he was renominated and this time had as his principal oppo-
nent James H, Moyle, another capable, popular man. The
result was as before, only a "little more so," and with the com-
pletion of this term the Governor will have had the longest
continuous period of gubernatorial service of any of Utah's
executives and among the longest on record in any of the
States.

Governor Wells is largely interested in various business
enterprises, among them the State Bank of Utah, Consolidated
Wagon and Machine Co., Brigham Young Trust Co., and
different mining companies. He is a member of the order
of "Sons of the American Revolution" and "Sons of the Pio-
neers," is married and has an interesting family. His admin-
istration of all the duties which devolve upon him is marked
in every case with thoroughness, uprightness and sagacity.
He is a straight Republican but not an extremist, and numbers
among his closest friends some of the pronounced Democrats
of this and other States. His popularity does not wane but
rather increases and it is altogether probable that other and
greater honors await him.

EX-SENATOR FRANK J. CANNON,

UTAH has enjoyed the unusual, and so far as the last
half century is concerned the exclusive, distinction of being
represented in Congress by a delegation which was her own
product, both Senators and the Representative having been
born upon her soil. One was the gentleman whose portrait
appears here, the first Senator ever chosen by this State, the
others being Joseph L. Rawlins and William H. King, else-
where spoken of at length. Mr. Cannon had previously been
the Territorial Delegate to Congress, but Statehood cut his
term in two, which he didn't regret very much, as he stepped
from the lower house — where he had no vote and but a limited

STATE AND OTHER OFFICIALS.

403

voice — into the upper one, where he had both without restric-
tion and used them most effectively on several occasions.^ **
Mr. Cannon was born forty-two years ago, and except for
the intense and continued mental application to which he has
subjected himself and which has brought a sprinkling of gray

among his dark and luxuriant

hair, would not seem to have
reached even that early age.
He was the youngest man
in the Senate, but he at once
took rank with the "grave
and reverent seigniors" by
means of sterling qualities
properly applied, which
gained for him recognition
and regard from all sides.
His demeanor, even when
younger, as a Delegate, was
at all times and under all cir-
cumstances free from the
slightest trace of immaturity
or awkwardness, by means
of which general ability is
often of no avail in such
places, and he carried him-
self into and out of important discussions of abstruse proposi-
tions as though he had seen a score of years service. Con-
spicuous among these occasions were the Dingley tariff bill
debate and the various times when measures relating to the
currency or the Cuban situation were before the Senate, in all
of which he was decidedly at the fore, standing prominently
among those who have been recognized leaders for years.
Although a Republican, he was unable to act with the majority
of his party in what he conceived to be manifestly unjust
measures, and because thereof he placed himself in opposition
to-the tariff measure spoken of, to which he offered an amend-

FRANK J. CANNON

404 UTAH AS 11 IS.

ment designed to equalize the situation somewhat, his prop-
osition being that no protection was proposed for the farmers
of the country, and it would be no more than just to them to
allow them a bonus on all wheat exported. The amendment
failed, of course, but not until Mr. Cannon had placed himself
on record as a clear-headed and even-handed champion of the
industrialists of the United States. He was perhaps the most
active debater on this occasion in the chamber, and made a
great speech which was published and distributed throughout
the country, eliciting from all quarters most decided expres-
sions of commendation.

Mr. Cannon has held other positions which have brought
him into prominence before the public, one of these being that
of delegate to the National Republican conventions held at
Minneapolis in 1892 and St. Louis in 1896, on both of which
occasions he was a conspicuous figure. At St. Louis his inde-
pendence of thought and action were again made manifest by
walking out of the convention when it refused to take action
favorable to silver, a movement in which he was joined by
Senator Teller of Colorado and a few others; this attitude
he has since steadfastly maintained.

Mr. Cannon is gifted with a wealth of vocabulary and
perspicuity of expression, together with a gracefulness of ac-
tion and power and modulation of voice, such as make him an
orator in the very front rank. He is a business man of active
and untiring disposition, his affairs embracing several mining
and commercial enterprises.

Mr. Cannon is a married man, his wife being Miss Mattie
Brown of Ogden, in which city they still live. Five children
have been born to them, one of whom is dead.

EX-SENATOR J. L. RAWLINS.

ONE of Utah's sons that has climbed the ladder of fame
.and stood almost at the top is Joseph Lafayette Rawlins. He

AND OTHER OFFICIALS

405-

was born March 28, 1850, in Salt Lake County, and is in the
highest sense a self-made man. His parents were Joseph S.
and Mary Rawlins, people who shared many of the hardships
inseparable from early life in Utah, and who gave their children
as much schooling as the times and circumstances permitted.
The opportunities were not wasted, for the subject of this ar-
ticle had the determination within him to be educated, and this
invariably makes limited facilities go a long way, even when

they are accompanied
by such hard work
as farm life imposes
and of which Mr.
Rawlins had an abun-
dance. At eighteen
he was enabled to
enter the Deseret
University, where his
progress was rapid;
and in 1871, having
saved suf f ici ent
money for the pur-
pose, he entered the
University of Indiana,
where he completed
the classical course
but was unable tore-
main for graduation
through lack of

means. Returning home he was given a chair in the home
University and in his spare time read law in the office of Wil-
liams, Young & Sheeks and was admitted to the bar in 1874.
In 1875 the firm dissolved and Messrs. Sheeks and Rawlins
became partners.

Mr. Rawlins' natural qualifications added to his scholastic
attainments wefe soon the means of singling him out for polit-
ical._honors, and in 1892 he was nominated by the Democrats-

JOSEPH L. RAWWNS.

406 U1AH AS II IS.

for Delegate to Congress and was elected over FrankJ. Cannon
by a handsome majority. His record there was so gratifying
to his supporters that he was renominated two years later, but
by this time Republicanism had begun to secure a firm footing
in Utah and the formerly vanquished became the victor. It
is proper here to say that his labors in Congress in behalf of
Utah brought him a multitude of commendations, these com-
ing from the Mormon Church authorities and prominent
Republicans among others.

Mr. Rawlins was the candidate of his party for United
States Senator in the first Statehood election, in which there
was a Republican victory; but the following year the Demo-
crats swept the deck, and after a protracted struggle (which
is elsewhere detailed) he was chosen to that distinguished
position. That he has filled it with signal ability; that he has
been looked upon as one of the most capable men in that
grand aggregation where only capable men are supposed to
go; that he loyally and ably represented his State and zealously
safeguarded her every interest, are matters of which all news-
paper readers are already apprised. At this time he is busy
in his law office, where there is always enough doing to keep
him busy every hour in the day; but that his political career
has closed is not in the least degree probable.

WILLIAM H. KING.

[Portrait on page 145. J

MR. KING was born in 1862 in Fillmore City, Millard
County, Utah. On his father's side he is of New England
stock, the Kings having come to New England in 1630. The
family was prominent, having amongst its members Rufus
King, the great Federal leader, and William King, the founder
of Maine. His paternal grandmother was of the John Han-
cock family. His mother was born at New Orleans, but her

STATE AND OTHER OFFICIALS. 407

parents were from Ireland. Until fifteen years of age the sub-
ject of this sketch spent his time upon the farm and the ranch;
at that age attended the Academy at Provo, remaining two
years. In the fall of 1880 he started to the University and
was sent to England a few months later as a missionary in
the Mormon Church. He then labored in the British isles,
spending some little time in Ireland visiting relatives; returned
to the United States and spent several months in New York,
Massachusetts and Michigan; returned to Utah, and was
elected, before reaching his majority, to several offices in Mil-
lard County and Fillmore City. Until 1889 he resided there.
During that time he served as County Attorney for Millard
County for four years and was also engaged in the lumber
business. In 1885 was elected to the Legislature, represent-
ing Millard and Juab Counties. When Cleveland was first
nominated for President, though national party lines were not
drawn in the Territory, he made many speeches in the central
part in behalf of Democracy and urged a division on party
lines. In 1886 he was admitted to the bar, and went to Ann
Arbor and graduated from the law department. In 1887 was
again elected to the Legislature, representing the former
counties. While at Ann Arbor took some interest in politics
and made speeches for the Democracy in the State. Was ad-
mitted to the Supreme Court of Michigan in April, 1887. In
January. 1889, removed to Provo and formed a partnership
with S. R. Thurman and George Sutherland, and had an ex-
tensive practice with them. In the fall of that year Mr. Suth-
erland withdrew and the firm continued as Thurman & King.
Continued to practice law at Provo until August, 1894, when
he was appointed Judge of the Fourth District Court of Utah
and member of the Supreme Court, being appointed by Prest.
Cleveland. Prior to the appointment as Judge he held several
offices in Utah County, being City Attorney for Provo City
and various other cities in the county; was also County At-
torney and attorney tor the Mormon Church in the central
part of the Territory.

408 UTAH AS JT IS.

Mr. King was elected to the Legislature in 1891 by the
Democrats, and was the President of the first Democratic
Legislative Council. He spent the following winter in Wash-
ington and was there admitted to the Supreme Court of the
United States. When the Sagebrush Democracy was organ-
ized he took a prominent part.

When Statehood came Judge King retired from the Judge-
ship; he moved to Salt Lake City and formed a partnership
with Arthur Brown and H. P. Henderson, which existed until
his election to Congress in 1896. He was nominated by accla-
mation and in the election had the wholly unprecedented
majority of 18,000. He was again nominated for the vacancy
caused by the rejection of B. H. Roberts and elected over
J. T. Hammond. In 1902 he met with defeat, Joseph
Howell being elected. His services as Representative were
most satisfactory and are too well known to need recounting..

JAMES T. HAMMOND.

[Portrait on page 118.]

MR. HAMMOND is a native of Utah, and 44 years of age.
Early in life his parents moved to Cache Valley, where he
resided continuously until chosen to his present prosition in
1895. There he attended the local schools, and later took a
University course; of later years he took up the study of law,
and was admitted to the bar in 1884. He practiced exten-
sively in the courts, and held the office of County Attorney
for some years; he also held several other offices, all of which
he filled to the complete satisfaction of his constituents. He
was twice elected to the Legislative Council and once to the
House of Representatives, in which he showed a marked
capacity for legislation. He was nominated by the first Re-
publican State Convention for Secretary of State, and after an
active campaign was elected by a decided majority. In March,
1899, he was nominated to Congress to fill the vacancy occa-

STATE AND OTHER OFFICIALS. 409

sioned by the expulsion of B. H. Roberts, but the Republican
wave hadn't arrived yet, and he was defeated by W. H. King,
by a reduced majority. He was re-nominated for Secretary
of State and re-elected by a handsome majority in November,
1900. He is a most efficient and affable official. During
his administration, largely through legislation which he suc-
ceeded in securing, the revenues of his office up to the end of
the fiscal year, 1903, amounted to $300,000.

Personally, Mr. Hammond is one of the most efficient,
approachable and accommodating men in the public service.
He is a married man. his wife's maiden name being Leonora
Blair, and they have three children, all boys.

JUDGE ROBERT N. BASKIN.

[Portrait on page 118.]

JUDGE BASKIN was born at Hillsboro, Ohio, December
20, 1837, and educated at Salem Academy, near Chilicothe,
in his native State. At an early age he commenced the study
of law with James H. Thompson, a celebrated attorney of
Salem, remaining in his office a period of two years. He then
entered the law school of Harvard University, where he
finished his studies and thereafter returned to his native place.
Here he formed a partnership with Colonel Collins, who
during the war was stationed at Fort Laramie, and in 1865
Judge Baskin came to Utah, where he has since remained.

His legal abilitv speedily brought him into the front rank
at the bar and for many years he enjoyed a lucrative practice.
He was twice elected Mayor of Salt Lake City, in 1892 and
1894. On two previous occasions Judge Baskin was
also Liberal candidate for Congress, once in 1872 when he
ran against Captain William H. Hooper and again in 1877
against Hon. Geo. Q. Cannon, bat was defeated both ti mes

410 UTAH AS IT IS.

In 1890 he was elected to the upper house of the Territorial
Legislature. In November, 1898, he was honored with elec-
tion to the State Supreme bench, being now Chief Justice of
that tribunal. In politics he has always been a Jacksonian
Democrat of the sturdiest stripe. His characteristics are strik-
ing; he is the friendliest friend and the most determined foe,
whichever it may be, but to Utah and her people he is
staunchly and truly steadfast in his kindly regard.

JUDGE G. W. BARTCH.

[Portrait on page 118.]

GEORGE W. BARTCH, Associate Justice of the Supreme
Court of this State and formerly Chief Justice, was born in
Sullivan County, Pennsylvania, fifty-four years ago, and spent
the earlier part of his life in that Slate. Having received the
academic degree, M. S., he began his professional career as a
school teacher and for several years he served as superintendent
of the public schools of Shenandoah, a position he filled with
marked ability.

In 1872 Judge Bartch began the study of law and in 1884
was admitted to the bar of his native State. After practicing
law several years he moved to Canyon City, Colorado, where
he again entered into the practice of his profession. In 1888
he moved to Salt Lake City and opened a law office here. In
1889 he was appointed Judge of Probate of Salt Lake County
and served continuously in that position until January 4, 1893,
when he was appointed by President Harrison to the Supreme
bench of the Territory. He was Chief Justice of the State
from January i, 1899, to January i, 1901, and will again be
Chief Justice from January i, 1905, till January i, 1907.

During his career on the bench, Judge Bartch has shown
great legal ability, integrity and unswerving impartiality, and
his course has won the commendation of all parties. He is

STATE AND OTHER 01 1 1C1ALS. 411

one of the hardest students on the bench and in private life is
one of the best of citizens — sociable, entertaining, well-informed
and lovable. Possessing a charming personality, of generous
nature and loyal to his friends, he is well worthy the high
honors imposed upon him.

JUDGE WILLIAM M. McCARTY.

[Portrait on page 118.]

THE subject of this sketch was born at Alpine, Utah
County, Utah, May 15, 1859. ^n J863, his parents moved to
Dixie, locating in Washington County, where they resided
until 1869, when they removed to Summit, Iron County.
After a sojourn there of seven years they again removed and
settled in Sevier County, where they made their permanent
home.

Young McCarty obtained a good common school educa-
tion and in January, 1882, commenced the study of law. He
was admitted to the bar of the District Court at Beaver, Sep-
tember, 1887, and to the Supreme Court in 1890. In March,
1889, he was appointed Assistant U. S. District Attorney and,
with the exception of a few brief intervals, held this office
until the advent of Statehood.

Mr. McCarty was in 1892 elected County Attorney for
Sevier County and re-elected in 1894. At the first State
election he was elected District Judge and re-elected in 1900?
running 700 votes ahead of his ticket.

During his boyhood days and the years of early manhood,
Judge McCarty took an active part in the arduous toils inci-
dent to pioneer life, working on the farm, in the canyons, at
sawmills, driving freight teams and cutting cord- wood. He
also worked on railroads, in the mines, and in the winters at-
tended school. His common school education was supplemented
by a term of sixteen weeks at the Bngham Young Academy

412

UTAH AS IT IS.

at Provo in 1881—82, but never did he have the opportunity
of attending law school or the advantage of reading in any
law office, his attainments in his profession being gained
by self-study and characteristic pluck. That he has succeeded
so notably is eminently praiseworthy, and the honors he has
modestly won are ample testimony to his worth as a lawyer
and jurist as well as of public appreciation. Especially was
this attested by his election to the Supreme bench in 1902, a
position he is filling with conceded ability.

JOSEPH HOWELL, REPRESENTATIVE.

JOSEPH HOWELL was born at Brigham City, February
, and at the age of six was moved to Wellsville,

Cache County. He was edu-
cated in the common schools,,
with the exception of six
months at the University in
Salt Lake City, in 1870-71.
He taught school for five
years after leaving the Uni-
versity, having previously
teamed and freighted con-
siderably. Made a success-
full trip to Great Britain in
1882. Was elected Mayor
of Wellsville, in 1882, and
served three terms. Was
elected to the lower house
of the Legislature in 1884—
'86-'88, and was elected to
the State Senate in 1898.
JOSEPH HOWBM,. He was married at the age

of 21 to a daughter of Bishop Maughan, of Wellsville, from

STATE AND OTHER OFFICIALS.

413

which place he recently removed and is now permanently
settled in Logan.

In 1902 Mr. Howell was nominated by the Republicans
for Representative to Congress; and after an exciting cam-
paign, in which he took a very active part, he was elected,
defeating so strong and capable a man as W. H. King. That
he will give a good account of himself is well assured.

JUDGE WILLIAM C. HALL.

There are few public officers in our midsU better known
than Judge Hall. He has been a resident of Utah for many

years, but is a native of
the Blue Grass State,
having been born in Pen-
dleton County in 1842.
He attended the common
schools and was rounding
out his educational term
at Seeley College when
the little misunderstanding
between the North and
South culminated, when
he at once aligned himself
with the gallant hosts who
fought under the Stars and
Bars, and there he re-
mained till the surrender
at Appomatox. His mili-
tary experiences were try-
ing and widespread, and
the manner in which he
stayed with the cause un-
der such wearing circumstances and at so youthful an age

WILLIAM C.

414 UTAH AS IT IS.

marked him at once as a man who would forge to the front
anywhere.

After the war he betook himself to the ways of peace
and decided upon becoming a lawyer. He entered the office
of John W. Stevenson, one of Kentucky's most illustrious sons,
who among other distinctions has been Governor and United
States Senator. After being admitted to the bar Mr. Hall went
into active practice and finally followed the Star of Empire,
bringing up in Utah in 1872, where he has been ever since
and will remain till the finish. Here he has been signally suc-
cessful, his talents as a mining lawyer particularly making him
quite conspicuous. He has held several official stations, among
them memb,er of the Legislature and Attorney for Salt Lake
City. In 1900 he was nominated by the Democrats for Judge
of the Third District Court and elected by a decided majority,
although the district otherwise went Republican. He has
made a most satisfactory record in this and all other capacities.

Judge Hall was prominently named in connection with
the nomination for Congressman in 1902, but having little
taste for political contests he did not encourage his friends to
push him, when he might have won. He has always been
a conservative, impartial man, and in the days when the social
elements were clashing most fiercely, he kept aloof from radi-
cal measures and extreme issues, gaining friends thereby who
will always remember him. Being 'a man of equable temper-
ament and affable disposition, he is quite approachable at all
times and thereby enjoys a measure of popularity which is
not limited to any party or creed. He is a man of family,
and that counts for something in Utah quite as much as any-
where in the world. It is safe to say that the limit of his
public stations has by no means been reached; men of his
class always find plenty of room at the top.

STA'lE AND OTHER OFFICIALS.

415

A. B. LEWIS, MINING OPERATOR AND
STATE SENATOR.

THE subject of this sketch is a native of Ohio, having
"been born in Erie County in 1857. He did not remain at his
birthplace very long, for we find him in Illinois in 1864, then
six years later in Nebraska, Illinois being returned to in
1885. He went to the schools of the neighborhood and
made the most of his opportunities, and having a receptive,
retentive and comprehen-
sive mentality, made ex-
cellent advancement, pro-
ceeding from one grade
to another in a manner
that was gratifying to his
relatives and friends. But
after a comparatively lim-
ited season his school
training ended, at the age
of twelve, after which he
studied at home, where
he succeeded in equip-
ping himself in an ade-
quate manner for the
battle of life. So well
were these studies car-
ried on that he was then
equipped for college, and

we find him there at A' B' I'EWIS-

twenty-two years of age, having during his term of study
lost no time and taken the best possible advantage of
every opportunity which was afforded him. He then pro-
ceeded to put his attainments to practical use, and at twenty-
five he was superintendent of county schools for Greeley
County, Nebraska. After some varied experiences in the

416 UTAH AS IT IS.

journalistic field, occupying every newspaper position, he de-
cided to take up the business of mining and with that object
in view came to Wyoming in 1888, where, as well as in Colo-
rado, he was soon in full swing and operated successfully for
a number of years. In 1896 the fame of Utah proved too
strong an attraction to resist and he wended his way hither.
Inspection showed him that the reputation our commonwealth
had earned was well bestowed and he began operations at
once, continuing with varying fortunes, but still with a steady
trend toward the goal, until in 1897 he began securing options
on properties on the west side of Beaver valley, where are
situated the now well known mines of the Majestic, Imperial,
Royal and Cactus companies, being also the owner of the
famous Comet interests in Iron, Washington and Box Elder
Counties. He is also harnessing the waters of Beaver river
to a power plant which will produce power enough to operate
all the mines in three southern Utah counties. The great
smelter now approaching completion near Milford will be
another monument to his enterprise and perseverance; this
will be one of the largest in the West, having a capacity
greater than any other but one in the State. He is also en-
gaged in various business enterprises there and elsewhere, and
is altogether one of the most active and decidedly all-round
citizens any State can boast of.

In May, 1903, Mr. Lewis, having no doubt an eye to
more extensive operations, resigned the presidency of the
Majestic Company and proceeded lo organize the Royal
Mining Company, in which he was entirely successful and of
which great enterprise he stands at the head. He is further
engaged in a great combination having in view the control and
working of large tracts of the celebrated iron fields of Iron
County, where probably the greatest investments in the State
will be if they have not already been made. But it is not in
the mining field alone that he is making giant strides as pre-
viously suggested. Having obtained the necessary franchises,
he has under construction a mammoth reservoir scheme near

STATE AND OTHER OFFICIALS. 417

Minersville, by which the present worthless, but decidedly
rich soil north and west of that town will be made productive,
while that which produces will be greatly added to. He has
obtained control of some 18,000 acres himself and will soon
put it to good use.

Mr. Lewis took hold of Beaver County when it sadly
needed taking hold of. It had a black eye as relates to min-
ing affairs and was very much in the ruts of old-time slowness.
It was the case for years that no matter how meritorious a
prospect one might have, the fact that it was located in Beaver
County headed off negotiations looking to assistance for devel-
opment; but all that is changed now and Beaver properties
are as eagerly sought for as any others, if not a little more so
than the generality. This if not the direct work of Mr.
Lewis, is more attributable to him than to any other person
in the State. Besides, he has been a benefactor in other ways,
giving employment directly or indirectly to some 300 men
where little or none was to be had before, and this goodly
army will soon be largely augmented. This alone means
very much for the southern country, and it is no wonder that
at the last general election the people there overthrew political
distinctions and gave him a large majority for State Senator
in a district which was previously the stronghold of his politi-
cal opponents, a feat which was previously considered impos-
sible. It is in fact a reasonable conclusion that his general
career here has been no more than fairly begun, but will pro-
ceed from the commencement with gratifying rapidity and
growth. The future undoubtedly contains much for him.

A. L. HAMLIN, REPRESENTATIVE.

MR. HAMLIN, who is a lineal descendent of the man
who was Vice-President under Lincoln, is a type of the sturdy

418

UTAH AS IT IS.

characteristics and general hardihood indigenous to the North-
western States, many of which class of people have found
their way to Utah and made their homes here. He was born
near Spring Valley, Minnesota, on October i, 1858, and when
old enough attended the common schools till sixteen years of
age. He then entered into an apprenticeship at the carpenter's
trade, and followed it capably and successfully. He took up
the business of contractor soon after emerging from the toils
of his apprenticeship and followed it with success till 1879,

when he moved to Brookings
County, South Dakota, and en-
gaged in the same pursuits there
for eleven years, being one of the
pioneers in opening that section
of the country. He found time to
engage in political affairs, and
aligning himself with the straight
Republicans, became an active
and influential member. In 1890
he decided to cast his lot with the
people of Utah and has been here
ever since, without undergoing
any important changes in either
person, politics or business, the
latter especially having been pro-
ductive of good results right
along and all the time. His poli-
tical offiliations and nearness to the working classes were the
means of landing him in the lower house of the fourth State
Legislature, where he made so good a record for ability, in-
dustry and integrity that he had no difficulty in securing a
re-nomination and re-election to the fifth Legislature, where
his services again made him prominent. He stands high with
employers, employed and all who know him and can undoubt-
edly have a political future if he draws for it.

Mr. Hamlin has a goodly family and is in that as in all

A. I,. HAMLIN.

STA1E AND OTHER OFFICIALS.

419

other respects a goodly citizen . He attends to his own affairs
so much he has but little if any time to look after the squabbles
of other people.

F. D. HOBBS, U. S. REGISTER.

FRANK D. HOBBS, the Register of the United States
Land Office for Utah, whose office is at Salt Lake City, is a
native of North Hampton, New Hampshire. He was edu-
cated in the public schools of his native town and at Phillips

Academy, \ndover, Massa-
chusetts. He graduated from
the National University Law
School of Washington, D. C.,
and was admitted to the bar
in 1877. Mr. Hobbs was a
soldier in the war of the re-
bellion and was seriously
disabled while serving his
country in that capacity. He
was appointed Register in
1889, was re-appointed in
1898, and again in 1902. By
reason of his long term of
service he has become "one
of us" in all material respects
and is a citizen who enjoys
F. D. HOBBS. the esteem of all who know

him. Undoubtedly he is a

Republican in politics, but is not an "offensive partisan," and
administers the duties of his responsible calling with imparti-
ality and fairness to all. He is quite active notwithstanding
the physical disability imposed upon him in the service of

420

UTAH AS IT IS.

his country, and is a pleasant, agreeable gentleman as well as
a most efficient officer.

GEORGE A. SMITH, U. S. RECEIVER.

THIS son of the well known Apostle John Henry Smith
and his wite Sarah Farr, was ushered into this life in Salt
Lake City on April 4, 1870. He received as good an edu-
cation as the district schools could give and rounded it out
with a term each in the Brigham Young Academy at Provo
and the Utah University. He then entered the employment

of Z. C. M. I. clothing fac-
tory and later had a position
in its store, also in the Co-
operative Wagon and Ma-
chine Company. He was
appointed to his present po-
sition of Receiver of the Land
Office by President McKinley
in 1898. From 1892 to 1894
he performed missionary
workfor the Mormon Church
in the Southern States, act-
ing as secretary of the mis-
sion, and held several ec-
clesiastical stations at home;
is also a director in the Utah
National Bank and Cun-
nington & Cp's. Mr. Smith
has been active in politics for

several years, and was one of the small but undaunted array
who bore the banner of McKinley in 1896, when the State
gave a Democratic majority of 52,000. He has traveled ex-
tensively in the United States and visited several of the lead-

GEO. A. SMITH.

STATE AND OTHER OFFICIALS.

421

ing cities of Europe. He is a good-natured and efficient
official.

EDWARD H. ANDERSON, U. S. SURVEYOR.

EDWARD H. ANDERSON was born October 8, 1858, in
Sweden, and came to Utah in 1864. He herded cows near
the penitentiary for a year or so, then moved to Farmington,
where he went to school to Aunt Huldah Kimball, and in 1868*
went to Weber, where he worked on a farm and attended
school, graduating from the normal department of the Univer-
sity in 1877. He taught school three years, and began the

newspaper business in Ogden
in 1879, staying with it for a
decade on the Junction^
Herald and Standard, being
manager of the last two. He
was Superintendent of
Schools in Weber for eight
years, and edited the Contri-
butor in this city for two
years. In 1890 he went on
a mission to Scandinavia,
presiding over the mission;
returned and wrote two
books for the Cannons, ''Life
of Brigham Young" and
"Brief History of the
Church." Was elected Og-
den City Recorder in 1893,
and served three terms (six
years), quitting to edit the
Improvement Era, of which he is now editor. Has held many
ecclesiastical offices, and was a member of the High Coun-
cil of Weber. Was elected 10 the fourth Legislature by a large

E. H. ANDERSON.

422 U1AH AS II IS.

majority. He was appointed by President McKinley Sur-
veyor General of Utah, a deserved recognition.

JOHN DE GREY DiXON, STATE TREASURER.

[Portrait on page 118. J

MR. DIXON was born in Salt Lake City on July 16, 1867,
and is the son of Henry Aldous Dixon and Sarah De Grey
Dixon. His parents removed to Provo in the year 1870,
where he has resided ever since until his present position re-
quired his making Salt Lake City his residence. His father
was born in Grahamstown, South Africa; he became a mem-
ber of the Mormon Church and upon his arrival in Utah in
the year 1856, at once took an active part in the affairs of the
Church, and in the development of the new Territory. After
a residence here of about three years, he went as a missionary
to England and South Africa, and in that service spent one
year in England and three years in the latter country. Having
received his second call to fill a mission, he left for England
in November, 1879. After his return to Utah he was variously
employed until his death, which occurred in April, 1884, when
he was m charge of the Provo branch of Zion's Co-operative
Mercantile Institution.

When the subject of this sketch was three years old, his
parents removed to Provo from Salt Lake City, and in the
former city he spent his boyhood days. He was a short time
an attendant of the public schools and entered the Brigham
Young Academy at its commencement and remained with it
until he had taken a course in the normal department, but
owing to the departure of his father was forced to end his
studies and earn his own livelihood. His first work was in
bricklaying, which he followed for a period of four years,
during which time he assisted in the erection of the State
Mental Hospital, at Provo, Brigham Young Academy, Taber-
nacle, bank, theatre and other prominent buildings. He also

STATE AND OTHER OFFICIALS. 423

kept the books of his employers, who were engaged in various
other enterprises. Later he was appointed Secretary of the
Provo school district and successfully administered the duties
of that position for six years. He was clerk a short time to
President A. O. Smoot, who later secured for him a position
as bookkeeper, which position he held for four years. While
in that service he was appointed to fill the unexpired term of
Dr. J. E. Talmage in the Provo City Council occasioned by
the former's removal to Salt Lake City, and was later elected
to serve a complete term, the ticket on which he was nomi-
nated and elected being the last put forward by the old
People's party. During the term of his office he was an
ernest advocate of improvements and aided largely in giving
Provo its system of waterworks, which were secured at a
cost of $125,000, besides improvements in the health and sani-
tary conditions of the city. In the spring of 1890 Mr. Dixon
resigned from the service of the Provo Lumber & Building
Co. and entered into a partnership with Taylor Brothers in
the furniture, stove, crockery and music business, located at
Provo. The firm incorporated the following year under the
laws of the Territory and Mr. Dixon was elected secretary
and treasurer, and continued to hold those positions since that
time until his election as State Treasurer; his entire time and
attention were given to the business of this company, in which
he was also a director, with the exception of two years, 1896-
97 — when the Church called him to take a mission to the
Southern States; upon his return from this successful mission,
he resumed his former position and continued there until nom-
inated upon the Republican ticket and elected State Treasurer
in the fall of 1900. He carried his own county by a majority
of 820 votes, the average majority being about 300. It should
be mentioned here that he was elected City Recorder of Provo
and -served one term covering the years 1894-96; also that
two years later he was nominated on the Republican ticket
for County Clerk, and after a vigorous campaign was defeated
by -a bare margin of 88 votes. The strength he developed in

424 UTAH AS IT IS.

this contest practically led to his nomination and subsequent
election as State Treasurer in 1900. Throughout his political
career Mr. Dixon has always been a Republican since the or-
ganization of the party in Utah. He is one of its most ardent
supporters, and active workers. In the church of his choice
he has taken an active part.

Mr. Dixon is married, his wife being formerly Sarah
Lewis, daughter ot Bishop William J. Lewis, of the Provo
Third Ward, and they have five children, four sons and one
daughter. The position which Mr. Dixon has achieved has
been the result of constant hard work, unflinching application
and industry. He is truly a self-made man and has won his
place by his own merit and ability.

C. S. TINGEY, STATE AUDITOR.

[Portrait on page n8.J

THE State Auditor is a son of John Tingey of this city,,
where he was born in 1859. At the age of eleven years he
went to work in a brick yard, working in summer months and
attending the Deseret University during the winter. At four-
teen he secured a position with a mercantile house in Salt
Lake City, which position he held for seven years. In 1880
he purchased an interest in a business in Kaysville, which was
conducted with success under the firm name of Stewart &
Tingey until 1885, when on account of failing health he sold
his interest to his partner and purchased a ranch in Juab
County, and was employed in ranching and stock-raising until
1890, when he accepted a position as bookkeeper with C.
Andrews & Co., the wool and grain merchants of Nephi. In
1892 he took charge of the mercantile business of Hyde &
Whitmore, at Nephi, and in 1893 was given the position of
cashier of the Nephi Savings Bank & Trust Co., resign-
ing this position in 1894 to accept a position as cashier

STATE AND OTHER OFFICIALS. 425

of ihe First National Bank of Nephi. He was a member of
the school board of Nephi for several years and served one
term as County Superintendent of Schools for Juab County.
Mr. Tingey was married in 1880 to Miss Sarah L. Hyde,
at Salt Lake City, his wife being a daughter of William Hyde,
formerly of Salt Lake. He is thoroughly qualified for the
Auditorship, as his record plainly discloses.

A. C. NELSON, STATE SUPERINTENDENT OF
PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.

[Portrait on page n8.J

MR. NELSON was born January 20, 1864, at Ephraim,
Sanpete County, and at an early age developed many of the
characteristics of the sturdiness of habit and fertility of intellect
of that favored section. He was educated at the Brigham
Young Academy and the Indiana Central University. From
the former institution he holds the degree of Pd. B., from the
latter the degree of Ph. B. He has had fifteen years expe-
rience in school work and has taught in all the grades from
the primary up to and including the High School. He con-
ducted the Manti College summer school two years and has
been President of this school. Was appointed 1899 as a
member of the State Board of Education, and has been County
Superintendent of schools four and one-half vears. While in
this position his county spent $90,000 in erecting school
houses, a most gratifying and enduring monument.

It will be observed by Mr. Nelson's experience that he is
finely equipped for the duties of State Superintendent, to which
he was elected in 1900 by a vote as large as any on the Re-
publican ticket. Being a young man he has much to look
forward to.

ARTHUR L. THOMAS.

MR. THOMAS, who was both Governor and Secretary of
Utah Territory and is now Postmaster of Salt Lake City, was

426

UTAH AS IT IS,

born August 22, 1851, at Chicago, Illinois. Was taken by his
parents in 1853 to Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, where he attended
the public schools and was afterwards taught by private tutors.
In April, 1869, he was appointed clerk in the U. S. House of
Representatives, serving until April, 1879, when he was ap-
pointed Secretary of Utah, which meant being Governor for
different periods at various times, and was re-appointed,

the record being as fol-
lows;

Mr. Thomas was ap-
pointed in April, 1879,

^HB|P^ Secretary of the Territory

f of Utah by President

|[ Hayes; he was re-ap-

pointed by President Ar-
thur in April, 1883, and
served until April, 1887,
eight years in all, a longer
period than any other Sec-
retary in the history of the
Territory.

In 1880 he was ap-
pointed Supervisor of the
Census for the district of
Utah, and in 1881 was
appointed a special agent
of the Government to col-
lect the statistics of schools
and churches. In 1884 he
was elected by the Legislative Assembly one of four com-
missioners to compile the laws of the Territory, and in 1888
a director of the Deseret Agricultural and Manufacturing
Society.

He was acting Governor of the Territory for all but five
days of the Legislative Assembly of 1882, and for one-half
the session of 1884; was appointed in December, 1886, a

STATE AND OTHER OfPlClALS. 427

member of the Utah commission to succeed A. S. Paddock,
elected U. S. Senator from Nebraska; and in April, 1889, he
was tendered by the President the office of Governor of Utah,
and qualified on May 6th, 1889.

Governor Thomas has been a remarkably active and
useful public official, and the evidences of his work are to be
found in every department of our Territorial and State govern-
ment for a period covering nearly twenty-five years. Partic-
ulary is this to be seen in the public buildings erected. He
was the chairman of the commission which selected the plans
and commenced the erection of the present modern equipped
State Penitentiary; also of the board which completed the
Reform School buildings; the Agricultural Exposition building
on the loth Ward square; one of the additions to the Insane
Asylum, and also the first of the great Agricultural College
buildings at Logan, Utah. The college's building history is
unique in one respect; the plans were selected and the building
completed by the board, of which Governor Thomas was the
chairman, within the appropriation and a surplus was returned
to the treasury. He has also had much to do with the work
of simplifying many of the laws. He drafted the bill which
abolished the cumbersome system of having the people pay
city, county and school taxes at different offices and times;
he also drafted the bill which radically changed the tax sale
laws, reducing the expense to the non-payers. He drafted the
law compiling and simplifying the corporation laws. In short,
his energetic work for good can be found in every depart-
ment of the fiscal system of the State.

In 1885 acting Governor Thomas was placed in a trying
position by the action of the Federal Court in the celebrated
Hopt case. The court had refused to perform a plain duty
and grant Hopt a stay of sentence, pending his appeal to the
Supreme Court of the United States. Hopt appealed to
acting Governor Thomas for a respite. The people became
greatly excited and demanded that the murderer be executed.
The streets were thronged on the morning of the day fixed

428 UTAH AS IT IS.

for the execution, and a great mass meeting was held in the
Walker Opera House which adopted resolutions demanding
that the law be allowed to take its course and Hopt be exe-
cuted. In the face of this popular clamor Governor Thomas
decided the prisoner was entitled under the law to a respite,
and granted it. He was at first severely condemned, but
public opinion rapidly changed, and his course was applauded.
The Supreme Court of the United States subsequently granted
Hopt a new trial, thus vindicating the Governor's action in
the most pronounced and authoritative way.

He approved the first absolutely free school law in the
Territory. His reports to the Government were comprehen-
sive and voluminous, and in these respects unique and valuable
as compared with those of most of his predecessors, and his
messages to the Legislature always commanded approval.

Mr. Thomas, while by no means backward in insisting
that the laws be obeyed, was never a fire-eater like many other
"Liberals," and always gave the Mormons fair treatment.
His uprightness and impartiality made him both friends and
enemies, but neither caused him to swerve from the plain line
of his duty as he saw it. He was appointed postmaster in
January, 1888, by President McKinley and re-appointed in
1902 by President Roosevelt. In his present office he is effi-
cient, affable and obliging and has added much to the service
here.

WILLIAM GLASMANN.

[Portrait on page 157.]

THE Mayor of Ogden, who is also an ex-Legislator and
editor of the Standard, was born November 12, 1858, at
Davenport, Iowa. In 1871, at the early age of thirteen years,
he took the advice of Horace Greeley, "Go west, young man>
and grow up with the country." He served an apprenticeship

STATE AND OTHER OFFICIALS. 429

of three years at the saddlery and harness-making trade, and
then, following the path of many journeymen saddlers, traveled
through the country working at his trade in every State and
Territory west of the Mississippi river during the years up to
1880, when he came to Utah, where he has since resided, ex-
cept for eighteen months spent in Montana.

During the boom years of the capital city, iSSp-'po, his
firm (Lynch & Glasmann), becoming over-confident like many
speculators, purchased property at the topmost figure and
when the boom collapsed, the shrinking values forced a disso-
lution of the firm, followed by a division of their property and
a large amount of debts. In the division to Mr. Glasmann fell
a herd of a hundred buffalo and a beautiful ranch at Lake
Point, in Tooele County, and he promptly removed to the
ranch, where he became a successful buffalo breeder and
lucern farmer, remaining there until the fall of 1892, when he
took up the cause of the Republican party. He was selected
as the advance agent of Senator Frank J. Cannon's first polit-
ical campaign, and was the first Republican speaker who
visited southern Utah. During that campaign he organized
Republican clubs in almost every county in the State.

After the defeat of Cannon for Congress, the Ogden
Standard was about to go to the wall under an indebtedness
very heavy. The friendship of Frank Cannon and William
Glasmann was then quite pronounced, and the result was Mr.
Glasmann placed himself under the Standard burden, and on'
January i, 1893, he became the business manager. The buf-
talo herd was gradually absorbed by the Standard, being sold
and scattered to all parts of the world, twelve head, the last
of the famous one hundred, being sold to John E. Dooly and
White & Sons, Salt Lake, and placed on Antelope island in the
Great Salt Lake. The ranch also went by the way of mort-
gage into printer's ink. In 1894 Mr. Cannon stepped out of
the editorship of the Standard, and Mr. Glasmann became
editor and manager. He at once became a noted writer.
When the "soup house days" were on the land and the indus-

430 UTAH AS IT IS.

trial army was crossing the continent from San Francisco,
under General Kelly, they were halted at Ogden by Governor
West, who brought with him the Utah militia with their Gatling
guns and attempted to turn back towards California the
"Commonwealers." Mr. Glasmann here showed his sympathy
and espoused the cause of the 1,500 men who were housed
in the stock-yards, and in earnest and patriotic editorials
aroused the sympathy of the people to such an extent that in
spite of the Governor, his soldiers and their Gatling guns, the
industrial army marched through the city led by Mr. Glas-
mann and the Mayor of Ogden City and escorted by hundreds
of citizens, taking up their march again toward the capital of
the Nation. When the poor fellows were marching through
the streets barefooted and barebacked, Mr. Glasmann called
on the citizens to provide for them necessary wearing apparel,
and directed that contributions be sent to the Standard office.
Nine wagon loads of clothing and seven of food were the
contributions of one day, sufficient to clothe and feed the en-
tire army, and leaving enough to supply the second army of
300 men under General Smith. This fearless championship
of these poor, defenseless men was one of the acts of Mr. Glas-
mann's life of which he is proud. The industrial army voted
resolutions of thanks, the people of Ogden at a great mass
meeting crowned him with the title "The Defender of the
People's Rights," and the Southern Pacific railroad tendered
its thanks to Mr. Glasmann, because Governor West intended
to force the railway to haul these men back to California
against their will.

Acts like these advanced the Standard with the people
of Ogden, and the paper became self-supporting and has pros-
pered in spite of the opposition brought against it.

Mr. Glasmann believes in Utah and her future. He found
his wife in Salt Lake City and his children were born here.
He believes in home industry and is energetic and enterprising.
It was largely through his energy and the influence of the
Standard that the half-million dollar sugar factory was built

SIA'lE AND OTHER OFFICIALS. 431

at Ogden. Mr. Glasmann has made a host of enemies. At.
one time, for instance, he had ten libel suits against him, seven
of them asking for $140,000 in damages and three criminal
suits, from all of which he successfully freed himself . Only
a few years ago his enemies were numerous, yet notwithstand-
ing, the Republican county convention of Weber County, held
at Ogden, February 24, 1900, sent a delegation to the State
Republican Congressional Convention unanimously instructed
to vote and work for his nomination for Congress, and he re-
ceived 91 votes. At the following Republican State Conven-
tion he made a strong effort to secure the nomination, and
claims that but for treachery and unjustifiable opposition he
would have secured it. The same year he received the unani-
mous nomination of his county for the Legislature and wa
elected, running ahead of his ticket. He was chosen Speaker of
that, the fourth, Legislature and made a good record. Hardly
had the Legislature adjourned when he was proposed for Mayor
of Ogden and was the first Republican to be elected in ten
years, carrying the entire Republican ticket with him. AS
Mayor he is now known as "Economy Bill" and "Veto Bill,'
on account of the rigid economy and the many vetoes he has
sent to the City Council. His first annual message sent to
the City Council shows that in twelve months, without in-
creased taxes, the city's debt decreased $48,725, this being a
record. He is concededly one of the leading men of the
State.

R. C. LUND, STATE EQUALIZATION BOARD.

AT New Diggings, Wisconsin, on May 29, 1847, Robert
Charles Lund arrived on this stage of action. In 1850 his
parents removed to Utah and made it their home, having pre-

432

UTAH AS IT IS.

viously been converted to the faith of the Latter-day Saints.
He attended school in winter time and worked on a farm in
summer till 1861, when his father was called to go to "Dixie"
and settle up the country. At St. George, which became the
permanent home of the family, Robert again went to school
and ranched. In 1865 he went to the telegraph school estab-
lished by President Young and kept by John C. Clowes,
in Salt Lake City, graduating in the front rank, and upon the
opening of the Deseret Telegraph line was assigned to the
St. George office, which he held for several years; subse-
quently, he had charge of the
Pioche office and that at
Silver Reef, at which latter
place, as one of the firm of
Woolley, Lund & Judd, he
engaged extensively in the
business of merchandising
and banking. Was elected
Mayor of St. George in 1875
and served two terms, during
which time he was elected to
the Territorial Legislative
Council and served in it for
two terms, giving his constit-
uents ample satisfaction on
every occasion. In the first
Presidential election in 1896
he was chosen an Elector on
R. c. LUND. the Democratic ticket and

president of the college. In

the winter of the same year he was chosen by the Legislature
as one of two commissioners to proceed to Arizona and nego-
tiate for the strip of territory lying north of the Colorado
river, and after this was appointed by Governor Wells to
his present position, that of member of the State Board of
Equalization, of which he has been president from the

STATE AND OTHER OFFICIALS. 433

first. He had been a member of the Territorial board
throughout.

Mr. Lund has been and is extensively engaged in mining
and stock raising in Utah, Arizona and Nevada. He was
married in 1870 to Mary Romney and has six boys and three
girls living. Personally he is a large, heavy man, quite af-
fable in disposition, and has any amount of friends among
people of all shades of opinion.

E. M. ALLISON, JR.. STATE SENATOR.

[Portrait on page 107.]

THE President of the State Senate and thereby contin-
gently the acting Governor of the State is Edward M. Allison,
formerly of Ogden but now of Salt Lake City. He was born
at Lehi, Utah, December 13, 1863. Shortly afterward his
parents moved to Coalville, Summit County, where young
Allison grew to manhood. He attended the University of
Deseret, then returned to Coalville, where he taught school
and read law under the direction of J. L. Rawlins; served as
County Attorney of Summit County from 1884 to 1886, and
in 1888 went to Ogden, where he formed a partnership with
the late Judge Emerson. After the latter's death in 1889, he
associated himself with J. N. Kimball, and later with C. C.
Richards, which partnership was recently dissolved.

Mr. Allison has ever been prominent in Weber County
politics since his residence in Ogden. In 1891 he was elected
to the City Council, and the same year was appointed assis-
tant United States Attorney. He was a member of the upper
house of the first State Legislature, and was City Attorney of
Ogden for some time. He was again elected to the Senate
in November, 1900, and on the assembling of the Fifth Legis-

434 UTAH AS 11 IS.

lature was chosen President of the Senate. He is now a
member of the firm of Sutherland, Van Cott & Allison.

AQUILA NEBEKER, EX-STATE SENATOR.

[Portrait on page 107.',

MR. NEBEKER was born in Salt Lake City, his parents
being John Nebeker and Lovena Fitzgerald, both Pioneers of
1847. His father was the first man to reap wheat and grind
it into flour in Utah. The ex-Senator was very energetic
among the settlements of Utah and had soon acquired holdings
in the "Dixie" country, Kane County, in the south and Rich
County in the north, as well as intermediate localities. He
was educated in the district schools and later finished his scien-
tific studies in the Deseret University. When twenty years
old he was professionally engaged as a mining engineer in
the development of Silver Reef, which made such a wonder-
ful record. Later, he became identified with the stock and
agricultural interests of the State, which interests spread into
adjoining States, and this along with his mining interests has
made him one of the successful and prosperous citizens of Utah

Senator Nebeker's life has been one of activity and
wide range. He has held county offices and several terms in
the Legislature, Territorial and State, in the second and third
assemblies of the latter being President of the Senate, a posi-
tion which he filled with marked ability. He was a member
of the Constitutional Convention which framed the State's
charter. His record shows him to be one of the broad-minded
able and successful men of Utah.

W. G. NEBEKER, EX-STATE SENATOR.

[Portrait on page 107.]

THIS member of the well known and respected Nebeker
family is a Utah man in every respect. His parents, George

S1A1E AND OTHER OFFICIALS. 435

Nebeker and Maria Dilworth, were Pioneers of 1847 and
typical of the thorough, substantial American, having de-
scended from Revolutionary stock and being full of the spirit
of expansion and empire building. The ex-Senator was born
in Salt Lake City. His childhood was spent with his parents
in the Hawaiian islands and his youthful days in Utah. His
education was acquired in the public schools and the Univer-
sity of Utah, where he was one of the first to take up the
advanced scientific studies. As a young man he was identi-
fied with his father in the promotion and building of irrigating
canals, reclaiming arid land, etc., which was then a crude
idea, since developed into what is now recognized as essential
to the full development of Utah. His first work of a profes-
sional nature was in the mining and metallurgical field, which
he has followed with success and which profession has
necessitated extensive travel and research both at home and
abroad. In a public way he has also been very active. At
the time of the division of the people on national political lines
he was energetic and welcomed the new order of things. He
has held a number of public stations besides one under the
Government — Internal Revenue Collector. He served with
distinctive ability in the State Senate from 1896 to 1900,
making a record for advocacy of high standards in political
and practical affairs.

JUDGE JOHN E. BOOTH.

[Portrait on page 207.]

JUDGE BOOTH is a son of Richard L. and Elsie Edge
Booth, and was born at Bedfordleigh, Lancashire, England,
on June 29, 1847. His Utah advent occurred on September
12, 1857. He first lived in Utah County, then in Salt Lake
County where for some time he followed the occupation of
shepherd — not to an ecclesiastical but to a wooJ-producing

436 UTAH AS IT IS.

flock. He attained to the former distinction, however, some
years later, being Bishop of the Fourth Ward of Provo from
1877 to 1895. In 1866 he acquired military honors in the
noted Black Hawk war, in Sanpete and Sevier counties. In
1868 he attended the school at Draper, Salt Lake County,
kept by the late Dr. John R. Park, and in 1869-70 he attended
the Deseret University. The two following years he taught
school in Davis County, afterwards in the University at Provo.
For a little over a year he served as a missionary in the North-
ern States and was subsequently president of that mission
for two years. He has held an array of offices almost too
long to enumerate, and embracing all three departments of
government. Upon the resignation of Judge W. N. Dusen-
berry from the bench of the Fourth district, in May, 1899,
Judge Booth was appointed to the vacancy, and he was
elected to it for the full term in the general election of 1900.
Personally, Judge Booth is one of the most accessible and
agreeable men in public life. He is always in a good humor
and diffuses an influence of geniality wherever he holds forth.

JAMES CLOVE, P. M.

[Portrait on page 207.]

MR. CLOVE, who "holds down" the post office at Provo
in a manner acceptable to Uncle Sam and all the people of
that goodly town, is a native of Nevada, having been born in
Panacea in 1866. In 1873 his parents moved to and settled
on the upper Sevier, near Panguitch. He there went to
school, having as a preceptor George Dodds, a graduate of the
University of Edinburgh. He took a term in the Deseret
University for the normal course, then taught school in
Southern Utah for two years, after which he spent nearly
three years on a mission to Turkey, during which he traveled
through seventeen different countries of Europe, taking in the

STATE AND OTHER OFFICIALS.

437

great Paris Exposition of 1889. Returning, he worked as
reporter on the Salt Lake Herald tor a year, then went to
Provo, where he became editor of the Enquirer, a position he
held till appointed postmaster in 1901. During his incumbency
he has installed the free delivery system and accomplished
many other improvements, being a thoroughly efficient and
popular official. He was married to Miss Lizzie Ivie in 1892
and has done his part toward standing off race suicide, his
contribution to the cause (so far) being half a dozen healthy
children.

JAMES THOMSON, EX-REPRESENTATIVE.

MR. THOMSON was born in the county of Sussex, England,
on March 13, 1843, and came to Utah in 1862; has grown

from one of the toilers under
hard circumstances up to a
man of affairs in the business
world and an entity in polit-
ical circles; he is an earnest
and uncompromising uphol-
der of the Declaration of
Independance, especially that
part which declares that all
men are created free and
equal, and a part of his time
and ability have been given
in the direction of making
them so in reality. He was
elected to the House of the
second State Legislature as
a Populist, where he became
a most active member; he
JAMES THOMSON. introduced and earnestly ad-

438 U1AH AS II IS.

vocated several reform measures, notably the initiative and
referendum. He is also an earnest advocate of municipal and
government ownership of the public utilities and the reduction
of taxation to a minimum.

JOSEPH E. TAYLOR, EX-REPRESENTATIVE.

[Portrait on page 112.]

THIS gentleman is not a Pioneer, but nearly so, having
reached Utah in 1851. England is his native land, but he is
not particularly English, you know, for all that. He first saw
the light of day on December n, 1830, in the town of Hor-
sham, county of Sussex. He was educated in the national
schools and joined the Mormon Church when only seventeen
years of age. He was at once set to laboring in the vineyard
as a missionary in his own country and did so continuously for
about four years, when he set sail for America. Arriving in
Salt Lake he soon engaged in the furniture business, which
he continued at until 1864, when he began the undertaking
business, at which he is still engaged, having the largest and
most complete establishment of the kind in Utah. The fac-
tory gives employment to several men and is one of the best
appointed and most extensive in the whole country.

Mr. Taylor was appointed City Sexton in 1864 and con-
tinued in that office till 1889. He has held several positions
in his Church and is at this time a counselor to President
Angus M. Cannon of Salt Lake Stake of Zion. He was
e'ected to the State Legislature in 1896 as a Democrat and
was at once recognized as the dean of the House. He occu-
pied the chair oftener than any other member except the
speaker himself and showed decided aptness as a parliamen-
tarian . while on the floor he was always a ready and effective
debater and steadfast worker. He was one of the "Rawlins'
pull.' meaning the thirty-two members who elected Joseph

STATE AND OTHER OFFICIALS. 439

L. Rawlins to the United States Senate in the memorable
struggle of 1897. Mr. Taylor carries his years well, is vigor-
ous, healthy and active, and is always well to the front on all
questions requiring the exercise of public spirit and breadth of
view. He has a large family who have as a whole and in
detail been given all the advantages necessary to the making
of life what it should be — a condition of advancement along all
the lines leading to real happiness and genuine prosperity.

MRS. A. M. HORNE, EX-REPRESENTATIVE.

[Portrait on page 112.]

MRS. ALICE MERRILL HORNE, whose portrait appears
in one of our Legislative groups, is one of Utah's women
who have grown up out of humble beginnings and limited
opportunities. She was born in a cabin in the southern part
of the State, then Territory, on January 2, 1868. She is a
granddaughter of President George A. Smith and Bathsheba
W. Smith, both prominent in the organizations and councils of
the Mormon Church, and both builders of the foundation of
that great structure which all the civilized world now recog-
nizes as the State of Utah. At the early age of fourteen the
subject of this sketch came to the metropolis of the common-
wealth. Salt Lake City, having already had considerable ex-
perience in the practical manner of doing things, which her
Church enjoins and encourages, relating to the upbuilding of
organizations looking to the moral, mental and substantial
training of the young people. She entered the University of
Deseret and graduated in 1887. She became the wife of
George H. Home in 1891, and taught school while he
was on a mission to foreign lands. Having a taste for
the artistic and better side of life, with a desire to promote it
by substantial and real means, she engaged in politics, and
was elected to the third State Legislature, where her efforts

440 UTAH AS IT IS.

resulted, among other things, in the law creating the Utah
Art Institute, the good results of which have already been
manifested in numerous ways. She was recognized through-
out as a keen-sighted, clear-headed Legislator, one who knew
what to do at the right time and in the proper way. She is
popular and affable to all, and her picture tells the rest.

INGWALD C. THORESEN, EX-REPRESENTATIVE

[Portrait on page 112.]

MR. THORESEN is a native of Norway, having been born
in the capital city, Christiania, in 1852. He acquired the foun-
dation of a good education in the public schools of that city,
attending them until 1863, when his parents emigrated to the
United States, naturally bringing him along with them. They
came to Utah and went at once to Cache County, where the
subject of this sketch has resided ever since, his home being
in Hyrum. Mr. Thoresen, since his arrival at later boyhood,
has been self-supporting. His first ten years in this country
were spent first on a farm, then at railroading and mining
during the summer months and attending school in the winter.
He graduated from the Cache Valley Academy at Logan in
1873 and at once became principal of the academy of his own
town. His school teaching experience has been somewhat
extensive, and he was at different times County Attorney,
Surveyor, Commissioner and Mayor of Hyrum City. He
was a member of the State Constitutional Conventions of
1882, 1887 arjd 1895 and was elected to the House of Rep-
resentatives in the second State Legislature, in all of which
he rendered able service. He knows nearly all there is to
know about farming and is the owner of a fine farm near
Hyrum. He is well read in the law and would make a suc-
cessful practitioner if he turned his attention that way. He is
an enthusiast on the subject of good roads, irrigation and in-

SI AIL AND OTHER OFFICIALS. 441

ternal improvement generally, and is decidedly a useful citizen.
At present he is a member of the Presidency of Hyrum Stake
in the Mormon Church.

BYRON GROO, LAND COMMISSIONER.

[Portrait on page 157.]

MR. GROO was born August IT, 1849, at Grahamsville,
Sullivan county, New York, his parents being Isaac Groo
and Sarah E. Gillett Groo. He came to Salt Lake in 1854,
and has resided here ever since. His education was such as
could be obtained in the ward school in winter, by a year at
Prof. Bartlett Tripp's school, in 1865, and a year at the Uni-
versity, in 1870, under Dr. Park. In 1866 he volunteered in
the Black Hawk Indian war, serving that summer in Sanpete
and returning home with his scalp and a lieutenant's commis-
sion. He went to ward night school in the winter of 1866-7,
and in the spring of 1868 went to work on the U. P. railway,
where his father had a grading contract, Byron having charge
of the offices. In 1870 he was Supervisor of Streets and
City Watermaster;in 1871 was deputy Territorial and deputy
City Marshal, resigning in- the winter of 1872 at the solicita-
tion of E. L. Sloan, of honored memory, to take a position as
reporter on the Herald, becoming editor three years later
and so continuing until October, 1892. In June, 1893, he
was appointed Register of the Land Office by President
Cleveland and served till 1897, having been appointed early
in that year a member of the State Board of Land Commis-
sioners by Governor Wells and being re-appointed in 1899,
1901 and 1903. He has been Secretary of the Board since
the beginning of 1898.

In business Mr. Groo is a director of the State Bank of
Utah, Vice President of the Utah Commercial and Savings

Bank, Salt Lake, and director of the Lehi Commercial and
20

442 U1AH AS IT IS.

Savings Bank. In 1875 ne was married to Miss Julia Suth-
erland, a daughter of the eminent jurist, J. G. Sutherland,
and the union has been a most happy one. Mr. Groo is a
popular, level-headed man, whose friends are found in every
walk of life and among people of aJl shades of opinion.

M. A. BREEDEN. ATTORNEY GENERAL.

[Portrait on page 118.]

MR. BREEDEN, is a native of Kentucky. He attended
school at Maysville and also at the Mt. Zion Seminary of
Illinois, and added to his schooling by home study, making
good progress. It is worthy of note that he is in every
essential respect self-made, having earned his own living
since he was twelve years old. He was admitted to the bar
in Sante Fe, N. M., after having taught school in that city
for several years and practiced his profession there for
fifteen years, having been the prosecuting attorney for the
northern portion of the Territory and having suits of great
importance in all the courts of the Territory as well as in the
Supreme Court of the United States. It is a matter of
record that during his incumbency as prosecutor he had
excellent success and sent up more transgressors than any
of his predecessors ever did. His next holdforth was at
Ogden, where he took a prominent position at the bar and in
politics. He was from the first opposed to the old fight on
religious lines and has the honor of having been one of the
first to advocate division on national party lines of politics.
He was elected as a Republican to the last Legislative Coun-
cil of the Territory and was chosen President of that body.
In the electian of 1900 he was elected Attorney General of
the State and pursuant thereto removed to Salt Lake City on
January 7, 1901. His record in this office has been an
admirable one. He has shown ability and discretion in the

STATE AND OTHER OFFICIALS.

443

discharge of the duties of the office, and is a courteous and
dignified officer.

JUDGE C. W. MORSE.

JUDGE MORSE is a native of Illinois, having been
born at Cambridge, Henry County, on December 29, 1856.
He received a good education and took up the study of law,
commencing active practice at Wellington, Kansas, in 1879]
He came to Salt Lake City in November, 1888, and opened
an office here, building up a fine practice at once and contin-
uing in it till the beginning
of 1901, having in the pre-
ceding general election been
chosen to the. bench of the
Third District Court where,
as well as professionally and
privately, he has been sig-
nally upright, able and fair.
He is one of the most pleas-
ant men in public life,
never loses his temper or
shows the slightest annoy-
ance however trying a situ-
ation may be; he rules on
disputed points quickly and
accurately and| has been
sustained in nearly if not
quite every appeal taken

C. W. MORSE. fr°m hiS COUrt« He WaS

elected as a Republican,
but knows no politics or politicians as such on the bench.

JUDGE S. W. STEWART.

SAMUEL W. STEWART, District Judge of the Third Judicial
District, was born at Draper, Salt Lake County, May 21,

444

UTAH AS IT IS.

1867. He is a son of Isaac M. and Elizabeth White Stewart,
who were among the early settlers of Salt Lake valley. His
father was a member of the County Court of Salt Lake
County for a number of years and was in the early days of the
county active in the educational and industrial affairs thereof.
Judge Stewart's boyhood days were spent upon his
father's farm, where he early learned the lessons of industry
and perseverance. He at-
tended the district schools of
his native town and was a
student of the University of
Deseret during the years
1885-6. He taught in the
public schools of the iftate for
three years and entered the
law department of the Uni-
versity of Michigan in 1890,
graduating from that institu-
tion in 1892 as an L. L. B.
He began the practice of law
in Salt Lake City in 1893.
He was married to Ella M.
Nebeker, daughter of George
and Maria L. Nebeker, in
1894. Judge Stewart was
elected a member of the
Third State Legislature and

served as chairman of the judiciary commiltee of the lower
house. Was the senior member of the law firm of Stewart
& Stewart until elected to the Judgeship in 1900, in which
capacity he has shown marked ability and impartiality .

S. W. STEWART.

L. W. SHURTLIFF, EX-STATE SENATOR.

[Portrait on page 107.]
No FAMILY name sounds more familiarly or pgreeably to

STATE AND OTHER OFFICIALS. 445

the long-time residents of Utah than that of Shurtliff, and it is
quite as well and favorably known to more recent accessions
as any other within the confines of this goodly State; and
within the circle defined by such name none is better known
than the one who was christened Lewis Warren, if even so
well known. He reached this mundane sphere on a day that
has since become memorable, and to most Utah people
somewhat sacred — July 24 — the year being 1835, the place
Sullivan, Ashland county, Ohio — a State, by the bye, which
has of late years become a successful rival of Virginia in the
matter of providing Presidents for the United States. He is
of sturdy Puritan stock, though his father and mother were
members of the Mormon Church before he arrived at years
of accountability. The family took an active part in the
work of building up the Church and were subjected to. many
of the trials and privations visited upon the chosen people in
those days. They finally made the overland trip and after
innumerable hardships reached Salt Lake City on Sept. 23,
1851. Soon after they removed to and settled in Weber
county, where they underwent all the vicissitudes incidental to
pioneering, Indian depredations being a conspicuous and for
a time continuous feature. Having previously joined the
Church he occupied several positions therein and was called
with others on a mission to Salmon River, Idaho, in 1855, it
being previously uninhabited, the soil strictly virgin and the
Indians as devilish as they knew how, which is saying consid-
erable. In one encounter two missionaries were kijled, sev-
eral wounded and all their cattle and horses stolen. They
were finally released and Elder Shurtliff made his way back
to Ogden in 1858, while the Johnston expedition was en
route and things generally somewhat unsettled. His wife
departed this life in 1866, and the following year he went on
a mission to Great Britain. His missionary work was very
effective, and on his return home he became Bishop of Plain
City and in 1883 was promoted to the Presidency of Weber
Stake. In 1872 he was married to Emily W. Wainwright.

446 V'TAH AS II IS.

In 1883 he was elected County Commissioner and held the
office continuously till 1886, during which time he was also a
member of the Constitutional Convention and a Councilor in
the Territorial Legislature. He was again Commissioner,
also Probate Judge for two terms. In 1896 and 1898 he was
a Senator in the State Legislature, and was one of the most
able, conservative and conscientious members of that body.
For a long time he has been connected with the Trans-Mis-
sissippi and National Irrigation Congresses and in both capac-
ities renders a vast amount of good service which the public
seldom hear of. Politically, he was a Democrat till 1902,
when the anti-expansion and some other tendencies of his
party made him "take down his sign," and he became a
Republican. He is a good citizen in any party.

R. K. THOMAS, EX-STATE SENATOR.

[Portrait on page 107. J

RICHARD KENDALL THOMAS, the well known citizen of
Utah, was born at St. Columb, Cornwall, England, June 30,
1844. He was the oldest son, but the third child, of a family
of four daughters and two sons. His mother was widowed
when he was about six years old. He is the pioneer to
America of his immediate family and perhaps fifty near rela-
tives. Without a father and with a mother charged with the
raising of six children, without much of this world's goods, he
early in life felt its responsibilities. At thirteen he left school
and was apprenticed to the business of linen and woolen
draper for four years. At fifteen he joined the Mormon
Church, the only one of his family who has embraced it. In
May, 1863, he sailed from England, arriving in Salt Lake
City in October of that year. Having paid his passage from
England, he had only two dollars left on arriving, but was
the only one of the company who was not a Church emigrant.

STATE AND OTHER OFFICIALS. 447

He had no one to welcome him, and the first night slept
under a wagon on Emigration square. In the spring he was
employed by William Jennings to clerk in a branch store at
Logan. In February, 1864, he arrived in Cache Valley, and
the first night slept on the ground, the thermometer down to
zero. On the 28th of the following February he was mar-
ried in Logan to Caroline Stockdale of Plymouth, England,
and there are living of this union five sons and four daugh-
ters. His experience from this time to the spring of 1885
was varied, when he embarked in business for himself. Since
then his name has been familiar to thousands throughout the
State, his great and well-appointed mercantile establish-
ment on Main street, Salt Lake City, being one that has
made its way to the front rank in the whole list of the West-
ern country. When the people divided on party lines he
joined the Democratic party; was elected State Senator, and
served in the third and fourth sessions of the Legislature.
He is Jeffersonian in dislike of display and ostentation. While
attached to English soil, America is his favorite country and
Utah his beloved State, and he thinks there is no-place like
Salt Lake City for a home.

J. B. WILSON, STATE REPRESENTATIVE.

PROMINENT among the sons of Utah's Pioneers is James
Brigham Wilson of Midway, Wasatch County. Carson City,
Nevada, was the scene of his nativity, and his natal day Aug-
ust 22, in the year 1856. His parents were of good old,
sturdy, Scotch-Irish stock. Their names were James
T. Wilson and Elizabeth Ross Wilson, and in 1852 they
arrived in Utah. In 1855 they were called upon to take part
in the mission x>f colonizing Nevada, and thus it was that the
subject of this sketch was born in Carson City. His parents,

448

UTAH AS IT IS.

however, returned to Utah in 1857, and Salt Lake City
became their permanent home. Here, when eight years of
age and the eldest of five children, he was bereft by death of
his devoted mother, but his surviving parent, though only a
laboring man, put forth every effort to obtain for his son the
best education he could, and that received in the common
schools of the city was supplemented by a course at the Uni-
versity of Utah in 1876.

Young Wilson being now
at the age of 20, and com-
paratively well equipped to
commence the battle of life
on his own account, went to
Park City and became a
contractor in cord wood and
mining timber. For ten
years, with the exception of
the winters of 1880, '81 and
'82, when he taught school
in Salt Lake City and South
Jordan nearby, he followed
this occupation with gratify-
ing success. On Sept. 29,
1881, he was married in
Salt Lake City to Miss Mar-
garet Powell, and their
union has already been
blessed with six children,
three of each sex.

Soon after his marriage Mr. Wilson decided to seek out
a favorable location in which to take up land and establish
for himself a permanent home, and his choice fell upon
Wasatch County. In 1884, therefore, the young couple moved
to Midway where he engaged in farming, stock-raising and
at various intervals, wood and timber contracting. He has
always taken a prominent part in county affairs and is regarded

STATE AND OTHER OFFICIALS.

449

as one of the most substantial and progressive citizens of
that section. His worth was fittingly recognized by his elec-
tion Nov. 6, 1902, as Representative from the Tenth district
to the Fifth Legislature, a position he filled with marked
ability and business acumen. Mr. Wilson is a staunch
Republican, unswerving in his convictions, and was one of
the first to declare for division on party lines.

WM. M'MILLAN, EX-REPRESENTATIVE.

MR. McMiLLAN was born in the city of Carlisle, Cumber-
land county, England, August i, 1852. Since as early as 1871

the gentleman has been a
railroad man. He com-
menced service in May,
1871, with the North East-
ern Railroad company as
clerk, near Newcastle-upon-
Tyne, and continued in that
position until June 26, 1879,
at which time he determined
to emigrate to America. He
arrived in New York July
9, and in Salt Lake City
July i6th of the same year.
On the second of Novem-
ber, 1879, he commenced in
the office of the Utah Cen-
tral (now S. P., L. A. &
S. L.) railway company at
Deseret station, and in the
fall of 1880 he was advanced

to the office of operator and train dispatcher at Milford, an
mpo rtant station, then known as the southern terminus of
the-system. In the summer of 1881 he was appointed agent

WM.

450 UTAH AS IT IS.

at Milford, which position he filled with ability and faithful-
ness until December 12, 1884, when he was transferred to
the office of the paymaster and purchasing agent in this city.
After the local lines here were absorbed by the Union
Pacific in 1887, Mr. McMillan for four years was chief of the
motive power and car departments in this city, and left the ser-
ice of his own accord. May 20, 1893, he entered the service of
the Salt Lake and Los Angeles Railway company as chief
clerk, and is now secretary, treasurer and general freight and
passenger agent of that company. He was a member ot the
Fourth State Legislature, and was the author of what is
known as the anti-compulsory vaccination bill, which became
a law, being passed over the Governor's veto.

Religiously he is a Mormon and served four years as
Bishop at Milford. He is now Bishop of the 28th ward and
received his appointment February 9, 1902. He is a well-
dispositioned, popular man.

SARAH E. ANDERSON, EX-REPRESENTATIVE.

ONE of the tragedies of this life was the departure of
this estimable lady to the other shore at a comparatively
early age. She was born on the soil of Utah in 1854 a°d
died two years ago. She was a good deal of a traveler and
was accomplished much beyond the domain of ordinary
womanhood. In 1870 she married Dr. P. L. Anderson, an
intimate acquaintance of the writer's; he died in 1888, leaving
her with five children to look after, a sacred duty which was
sacredly discharged. The children are all attaining to the
best development and giving promise of excellent careers.
The feature of her life that stands out most conspicuously,
apart from her family relationship, is her contribution to the
law- making power of her native State, having been a member
of the Second State Legislature and proving herself to be a
most active and useful one. She engaged in many beneficial
enterprises, among them the beet raising industry, and in all

STATE AND OTHER OFFICIALS.

451

financial and social connections showed herself to be a
remarkably well-poised and capable woman. Her picture
shows that she had a fine appearance and it scarcely does

her justice, but of course
neither it nor anything that
can be said in words, can do
full justice to the subject.
The daughter of one of the
founders of this grand
domain, she could scarcely
be less than what she
became, as with additional
years would undoubtedly
have had greater honors.
Sarah Elizabeth Ander-
son's death occurred Dec.
22, 1900.

Her husband was known
as a prominent physician
throughout the West, she
being the first lady Repre-
sentative in Utah; did not seek for political fame, -but
was a staunch advocate of equality of man and woman.
Throughout her political career, her views were not marked
with wavering indecision, they were thoroughly formed and
remained firm. Yet she did not lose her sweet, womanly
repose. She was possessed of great personal magnetism;
passing acquaintances became warm friends. Not only
among the most prominent people, but numerously among
the poor and needy, her name passed their lips as a benedic-
tion.

SARAH E. ANDERSON.

J. R. MURDOCK, EX-REPRESENTATIVE.

THERE is no sturdier, more thoroughly representative
citizen of Utah than John Riggs Murdock of Beaver. He

452

UTAH AS IT IS.

was born Sept. 13, 1826, in Cuyahoga County, Ohio. His
parents joined the Mormon Church in 1831, when it was in
its infancy, and were closely associated with the Prophet
Joseph Smith; through the mobbing which culminated in his
death Mr. Murdock lost a brother, one of twins, the other
being a girl. He passed through many exigencies and
changes of location, having passed through the persecutions
of Illinois and Missouri, finally starting West with the Church,

joining the Mormon Battal-
ion at Council Bluffs and
sharing the hardships of that
memorable andterriblemarch
to California. He came to
Salt Lake Oct. 12, 1847,
and at once joined with his
father in pioneering and
development work, having
helped to found several set-
tlements. In one of these.
Lehi, he lived for fourteen
years and was Mayor for
one term. He took the job
of carrying the U. S. mail to
Independence, Missouri, in
1857, and made 'two round
trips that year, beating all
records in the matter of time
and undergoing many hair-breadth escapes from the Indians.
In 1858 he commanded Gen. Thomas L. Kane's escort to
Omaha and was commissioned by the Government to con-
clude terms of peace with Johnston's army. Was in charge
of the immigration trains for several years and thus and other-
wise has made more overland trips than any other man known
of. In 1864 President Brigham Young sent him to Beaver
(which beautiful town he assisted in building up) to preside
as Bishop of the ward and President of the stake, and he has

J. R. MURDOCK.

STATE AND OTHER OFFICIALS.

453

resided there ever since, during which time he has held many
civil and military offices; among the former were Probate
Judge and member of the Legislature for seven terms, the
last one being the third State assembly. He was nominated
by the Republicans as Presidential Elector in 1900 and chosen
by a substantial majority.

Bishop Murdock is a man of thrift and enterprise. His
years rest lightly upon him and he greets old friends as
cheerily and vigorously as in the days agone.

GEORGE C. WHITMORE, STATE SENATOR.

MR. WHITMORE, is a native of Texas, having been born
at Waxahachie in 1853. He came with his parents to Utah

and located first at Salt Lake
City. In 1863 they moved
to Arizona and six years
later to Nevada, returning to
Utah in 1870. The Senator
has lived at Nephi, this
State, since 1875 and there
he has become one of the
solid and leading citizens.
He has always been a stock-
raiser, and in 1878 he added
to his calling that of .general
merchandising, in which he
has ever since been engaged.
He assisted in the founding
of a bank in that town in
1885, and is still extensively
connected with it. He was
County Commissioner of
Juab County and chairman of the Democratic committee

G. C. WHITMORE.

454

VI AH AS IT IS.

through two campaigns. He was elected to the State Senate
in 1900 and his term will expire Jan. i, 1905.

Mr. Whitmore's connection with the "Sagebrush" De-
mocracy is briefly referred to in another chapter. He was
undoubtedly, if not its prime founder, at least one of its patron
saints . No one went to greater pains or expense than he to
push the movement along, and he hadn't long to wait for the
full fruition of his labors in the division of the people on
national lines of politics. His Democracy is of the bedrock
brand and no one need ever look for him in any other politi-
cal camp.

DANIEL M'RAE, REPRESENTATIVE.

THE Bishop of Granger ward, Salt Lake County,

named as above, was an
active and influential mem-
ber of the House in the
Fifth State Legislature. He
was born April 12, 2846, in
tearfully remembered Nau-
voo, coming to Utah with
his parents in 1852, and set-
tling in Salt Lake City,
where he was raised and
educated. He joined the
Mormon Church on April 4,
1861, and has held several
important positions as well
as going on a number of
trips to the East on gospel
and other work. He was
married 1867 to Thurza
Symes, who died in 1867,

soon after giving birth to a daughter. The following year
he married Christine Jensen and eight children have been

DANIEL M'KAE.

STATE AhD CTREE OFFICIALS. 455

born to them. He has lived in Granger nearly twenty years,
and held his present position all that time, giving general sat-
isfaction to all classes of people.

In the Republican county convention of 1902 the Bishop
was nominated for Regresentative, receiving the largest vote
of any of the candidates in the following contest at the polls.

JUDGE H. S. TANNER.

[Portrait on page 255.]

ONE of the Judges of the recently created City Court of
Salt Lake City is Henry S. Tanner, and he has already
proved himself a good one. He is a young man and a native
of Utah, his birthplace being Payson, Utah County, and the
time of birth February 15, 1869. He received the founda-
tion of his education in the district school, afterwards attending
the college at Logan and the academy at Provo, both of
which bear the name of the great founder Brigham Young,
and from the latter receiving his graduation and the degrees
of bachelor of pedagogy and bachelor of didactics. Later
he taught school, and in September, 1897, began the
study of law at Ann Arbor, Michigan, graduating as a bach-
elor of laws from the Michigan University in June, 1899. He
at once began practice in Salt Lake City, and on Nov. 5,
1901, was elected to his present position.

Judge Tanner is a married man, having been united to
Laura L. Woodland on March 5, 1890. He has done con-
siderable missionary work and held several positions in the
Mormon Church, of which he is a taithful member. Politi-
cally he is a Republican.

MRS. M. H. CANNON, EX-STATE SENATOR.

[Portrait on page 107.]

THE first practical demonstration of equal suffrage in
Utah occurred with the election of Dr. Mattie Hughes Can-

456 UTAH AS IT IS.

non to the State Senate in 1896. The peculiarity of the situ-
ation was further enhanced by the fact that her husband,
Prest. Angus M. Cannon, "also ran," he being a Republican,
she a Democrat. It was, however, a friendly contest, and did
not involve the division of the house by any means. She
was married to him in 1884, and has three bright, healthy
children as a result.

Mrs. Cannon is a native of Wales, her birthplace being
Llandidno. She came to Utah with her parents in 1861,
where she was raised and where she educated herself. Some
rather trying experiences befell her in her youth; she irri-
gated the family garden, emulated the example of Rutn in
the wheat fields, herded and milked cows, and at fourteen taught
a primary school of thirty scholars for one year From fifteen to
twenty she worked in a printing office as compositor, took a term
in the University of Deseret, graduating from the academic de-
partment, afterwards graduating from the medical department
of Michigan University, scientific department of the University
of Pennsylvania, and National School of Elocution and Ora-
tory. She attended a full course of lectures in the Philadel-
phia College of Pharmacy, and received the degrees of M.
D., B. S. and B. O. from the institutions named. Returning
to Utah she became physician of the Deseret Hospital, and
after three years went to Europe and for two years visited
medical institutions there, and on her return established a
training class for nurses.

In the State Senate Mrs. Cannon, during her four years'
term, made an excellent record. She became sponsor for all
bills relating to health, hospitals, etc. Besides this she has
been very active in politics, having been a delegate to every
State convention of her party since Statehood, also to county
and city conventions and primaries, has served on committees
and taken the stump during campaigns. Among her honors
might be mentioned that of being the only woman vice-pres-
ident of the American Congress of Tuberculosis. She is
young enough to add much more to her record and amply

STATE AND OTHER OFFICIALS. 457

illustrates the adage that "where there's a will there's a
way."

W. L. H. DOTSON, EX-REPRESENTATIVE.

[Portrait on page 112.]

MR. DOTSON, a popular merchant and politician, was
born in Pickens County, Alabama, in 1833. His family
moved to Mississippi shortly after, where young Dotson re-
ceived an education in the common schools. Upon the break-
ing out of the civil war he entered the Confederate army as
sergeant and acting quartermaster of the Second Mississippi
Cavalry, and remained in that position for three years and
three months. At the close of hostilities he came to Utah
and located first at Coalville; he then went to Cove Creek,
Millard County, and established a rarich at Pine Creek, a few
miles south, shortly after. From there he went to Miners-
ville in 1870, and has mainly resided there ever since.

Mr. Dotson was married in 1853 to Henrietta Landrum,
now deceased, and seven children, two boys and five girls,
were born to them.

The subject of this sketch has been three times a mem-
ber of the County Court of Beaver County. He was elected
a Representative in 1896, and served with decided ability.

EX-JUDGE C. S. ZANE.

[Portrait on page 255.]

CHARLES S. ZANE was born in Cumberland County,

New Jersey, on March 2, 1831. He was descended from a

certain Robert Zane, a Quaker, who came from England

with a company of people of his faith and settled at Salem,

458 UTAH AS IT IS.

Gloucester County, New Jersey, in 1672. The family contin-
ued to reside in Gloucester County for a number of genera-
tions. A descendant of a later generation, but prior to the
Revolution, emigrated to the western part of Virginia and
left numerous descendants there. One of this family was a
member of that committee of five in the Virginia House of
Burgesses of which Patrick Henry was chairman, and which
drafted the resolutions of resistance to the English govern-
ment. The Virginia branch of the house took a large part
in the settlement of the State of Ohio. The well-known ex-
ploit of Elizabeth Zane at the block house at Zanesville is
still remembered among the cherished traditions of the Musk-
ringum valley. The New Jersey branch of the family contin-
ued Quakers until within the present century. The father of
Judge Zane, Andrew Zane, was born and lived during his
early life in Gloucester County, New Jersey, and there mar-
ried Mary Franklin, a distant relative of the philosopher.
Later they removed to Cumberland County, where there was
no Quaker community. They identified themselves with the
Methodist church, but always clung to the simplicity of dress
and speech of the Friends. The father Andrew was a
thrifty farmer of correct and religious life, of the most indus-
trious habits and excellent judgment.

Judge Zane's arrival in Utah and his record here are
elsewhere detailed. He won many friends and not a few op-
ponents, but all hands conceded his honesty, integrity, im-
partiality and capacity, and now he has only friends. He was
the State's first Chief Justice, and filled the place with con-
spicuous capability.

W. M. ROYLANCE, EX-REPRESENTATIVE.

[Portrait on page 112.]

MR. ROYLANCE first opened his eyes upon the light of
day at Springville, Utah, on the 3ist day of March, 1865.

STATE AND OTHER OFFICIALS. 459

He began his career in the atmosphere of the stock ranch and
the farm, and after receiving a limited education in the public
schools, commenced a commercial life as clerk in a general
mercantile house. For a short time he quit this for a position
in the Rio Grande Western office at Springville, but a year
later, when only twenty, went back to his chosen calling as
proprietor of a wholesale fruit and produce institution, a busi-
ness which he has continued to follow up to the present
time.

He has held several political offices, having been in 1891
a member of the first Democratic city council of Springville,
and later, in 1893, city recorder. Prior to his election
to the State Legislature, he was a defeated candidate for the
same position, but in the election of 1896 his constituents sent
him to the State body with a majority of 2,000. He was re-
elected in 1898 and was chosen Speaker of the House. In
1902 he was nominated for State Senator, but failed to land.

Mr. Roylance was one of the organizers and directors of
the Springville Banking Company, and is generally recog-
nized as a progressive and public-spirited citizen. He
has of late been a resident of Provo, where he is engaged
in the commission and forwarding business, and is looked
upon as one of that progressive town's most desirable citizens.

ABRAM C. HATCH, DISTRICT ATTORNEY.

[Portrait on page 255.]

THE legal representative of the State for the Fourth Judi
cial District is an active and efficient officer. He is a native
of Utah, having first beheld the light of day at Lehi on Dec-
ember 14, 1856, his parents being Abram Hatch and Pamelia
Jane Lett Hatch, both members of the Mormon Church. In
1867- they removed to Heber City, where they have resided

460 UTAH AS IT IS.

ever since. The subject of this sketch obtained the best
schooling that could be had in those days; he engaged in
clerking in a country store till nineteen years of age, when he
went to Ashley valley and engaged in the business of cattle
raising; when the place became settled he pulled out for
western Colorado, locating a little north of what was then
White River Indian reservation, following the same occupa-
tion then and ever since. The Meeker and Thornburg
massacres occurred while he was living there. Returning to
Heber in the fall of 1879 ne was married to Maria Luke on
December 17, following. By the marriage he has become
the father of three boys and one girl. His official life began
with his appointment as justice of the peace to fill a vacancy,
in 1882, and he held the place till the following election. He
was then elected County Attorney, but declined the position;
was town trustee and subsequently town attorney for Heber,
and in November, 1893, was elected to the Territorial Legis-
lature. All the while he was accumulating a knowledge of
the principles and practice of law, by diligent reading and
close observation, and on April 4, 1894, he was admitted to
the bar of the First Territorial district at Provo, this being
followed by admission to the Supreme Court in February,
1895. In the first State election of 1895 (November) Mr.
Hatch was the Republican candidate for District Judge, but
the district was then a Democratic stronghold and he was de-
feated. In 1896 was appointed to the vacancy on the bench
of that district (by that time the Fourth) occasioned by the
resignation of Judge Wilson; and in the election follov. ing —
November, 1896 — was again the nominee of his party for
Judge, but the "Bryan craze" was then at floodtide and an-
other reverse was recorded. In 1900 Mr. Hatch was nomi-
nated for District Attorney and triumphantly elected, this be-
ing the office he now holds.

Personally, Mr. Hatch is a pleasant, affable man, easy of
speech and address, but forcible enough when the occasion
calls for it. In politics he is as straightforward as in business

STATE AND OTHER OFFICIALS. 461

or any other department of life, and nothing could add
to that.

W. D. LIVINGSTON, DISTRICT ATTORNEY.

[Portrait on page 255.]

MR. LIVINGSTON was born April 26, 1871, at Salt Lake,
City, his parents being William and Lillias Livingston. They
went to Sanpete in 1882 and settled at Fountain Green, where
the homestead still remains and where the subject of this article
worked on a farm until he was eighteen. He was elected
County Recorder in 1894, and then went to Manti. where he
has lived ever since. He studied law with Sprague's Corres-
pondence School and was admitted to the bar in Salt Lake
City in 1896; was appointed Attorney of Sanpete County the
same year, and elected to that position in 1899. In 1900 he
was nominated by the Republicans for District Attorney and
elected.

Among Mr. Livingston's earliest experiences might be
mentioned teaching school in Fountain Green while fitting
himself for other callings. His father came to Utah in 1850
and was one of the builders of the State and the community
in which he lived. He died in 1900 and the mother followed
him four weeks later. W. D. has seven brothers and five
sisters, besides an interesting family of his own. He is one
of Manti's most progressive and prosperous citizens.

CHARLES DE MOISY.

[Portrait on Page 255.]

THE man who looks after the statistics of this young and
booming State, and does it in a thorough and satisfactory
mariner, is a native of Tennessee, having been born in Wash-

462 UTAH AS IT IS.

ington County on April 12, 1851. He remained there till
1864, when he went to Chesapeake Bay, where he lived till the
end of the war. In 1865 he went to Cincinnati and here
rounded out his schooling, which had by no means been neg-
lected, and went into the business of civil engineering, which
he followed till 1893. He came to Utah in 1889, in connec-
tion with a projected Pacific railroad and decided to settle at
Provo, where he has resided ever since and where he was
admitted to the bar in 1893. Mr. De Moisy is a family man,
his wife's maiden name being Anna M. Gordon; they were
married on Sep. 8, 1881, at Fort Scott, Kansas, and have had
six children, four of whom are living. He was city engineer
of that place for four years, was a member of the school
board for the same length of time and secretary of the fair
association for several years. At Provo he has filled the
positions of justice of the peace and school trustee, and was
appointed State Statistician in June, 1901. He has been chair-
man of the Republican committee of Utah County for several
years, and under his leadership that Democratic stronghold
capitulated, in the Presidential election of 1900, giving a de-
cided Republican majority, greatly to the surprise of the
defeated party, as well as a good many of the victors; the
revolution was ratified in the general election of 1902. Not-
withstanding his decided partisanship Mr. De Moisy is by no
means an extremist; on the contrary he is quite moderate in
speech and action and has a host of friends among people of all
shades of opinion. He is quiet and unobtrusive in demeanor,
quite approachable and affable, is engaging in conversation
and altogether ranks among our best citizens. He is ably
assisted by Mr. Fred W. Price.

JAMES ANDRUS, EX-REPRESENTATIVE.

[Portrait on page 112.]

FOREMOST among the frontiersmen, colonizers and com-
munity builders of the great West stands the man whose

SI AIL AND OTHER OFFICIALS. 463

name appears above. He is a native of Ohio, having been
born at Florence, Herron County, on June 14, 1835. He
parents went to Nauvoo in 1837 an^ stayed there, participat-
ing in the hardships and turmoils, until the people were driven
away. They left in 1846, and went to the Pawnee village in
Nebraska, stayed with the Indians for some time. They re-
mained on the border till 1848. The father having gone on
a mission to England, the boy, at the age of thirteen, took his
father's place and brought the family successfully through to
Salt Lake, where he remained till 1861, when he went north
to Montana and Washington, traveled extensively and becom-
ing quite friendly with the Flathead Indians. Returning, he
went on a mission to England in 1867, but was called home
along with all others next )/ear because of the Johnston's
army episode, which is spoken of a good many times in this
book. Soon after returning he went on a mission to Uintah
with J. W. Fox and Jos. Cummings, then went on the Dixie
mission, which place he has never forsaken, although travel-
ing extensively in mission and exploration work. Has made
many trips across the plains and undergone perils and hard-
ships beyond mention. Was Bishop of the consolidated four
wards of St. George for nine years, also County Commis-
sioner and Lieutenant Colonel of Cavalry by appointment of
the Governor. He has a large family and is a large man all
through .

A reference to Mr. Andrus' Indian fighing and Legis-
lative experiences occurs elsewhere.

E. W. WILSON, EX-REPRESENTATIVE.

[Portrait on page 112.]

ONE of the most popular of Zion's citizens is the gentle-
man whose name appears above, albeit he is by no means a
native. He was born at Gibson City, Illinois, some thirty-
eight years ago, and spent the earlier part of his career on a

464 UTAH AS IT IS.

farm. He went to the common schools, finally taking a term
in the high school of his native town, where he graduated,
then studied law at Valparaiso, Indiana, and being admitted to
the bar practiced in the courts at Fairview, Illinois, till 1889,
when he came to Utah. He was connected with the Utah
National Bank, Salt Lake City, for a time, and in 1891 en-
gaged in the insurance business with Frank Harris, which
continued for some time. He is at present connected with
the National Bank of the Republic.

In 1896 Mr. Wilson was nominated by the Democrats
for Representative in the State Legislature and elected by a
large majority. In the convention he came close to being
nominated for Senator, but failing of that his friends insisted
on his being a lawmaker anyway, and he was one of the
most active, intelligent and efficient members of the House of
the second session. He has been named for other honors
but respectfully declined.

C. ED. LOOSE, STATE SENATOR.

THE writer of these chapters has some early and inter-
esting recollections of Mr. Loose, having as a boy crossed
the plains with him before the locomotive's whistle echoed in
the gorges of the Wasatch Mountains, the train in which the
transit was made being a medley of horses, mules and cattle.
The progress made was not so giddy that an excellent com-
prehension of the country's characteristics could not be had,
the impressions generally not being striking.

Mr. Loose was wafted to this mundane sphere in 1853.
He became a sturdy, vigorous young man and is now a long
way from being an old one; his years set upon him so lightly
that he might easily be regarded as at that stage at which the
gateway separating youth from maturity has just been passed.

STATE AND OTHER OFFICIALS.

465

Mr. Loose is one of our successful mining men, the famed
Grand Central of Tintic being one of the monuments to his
enterprise, sagacity and push in the matter of developing
Utah's great mineral wealth. He is also a large property
owner otherwise and has amassed a fortune, but in doing so
has at all times and in all places been governed by legitimate

methods and honorable trans-
actions. He is one of the
most public-spirited men in
our midst and if the list of his
charitable deeds were pa-
raded before the public, no
doubt he himself would be
surprised at the array. He
was elected to the Provo
City Council in 1899, but
served only a short time, his
business interests making
further service impractic-
able. In 1900 he was chosen
an Elector on the McKinley
and Roosevelt ticket and was
made bearer of the State's
vote to Washington. The
same year, in June, he was
a delegate to the National

Republican Convention at Philadelphia and has been a dele-
gate to several State and other conventions. In 1902 he was
nominated by the Republicans of Utah County for State Sen-
ator and triumphantly elected. He has a legion of friends,
embracing men of all shades of opinion.

C. E. LOOSE.

U. S. SENATOR THOMAS KEARNS.

WHEN Thomas Kearns entered the United States Sen-
ate in 1901, he was one of the youngest men in that body, if

466

UTAH AS IT IS.

not the very youngest. At the present time there are two
who are near him in that respect. He was born in the year
1862 and was consequently but 39 years of age at the time
spoken of, and very few men indeed have ever held member-
ship in that great arena with so much of life, in the ordinary
course of things, ahead of them. He spent the earlier part
of his career on a farm in Nebraska, but the growing fame
of the Black Hills gold mines proved too strong an attraction
to be resisted and he decided to cast his fortunes with the
mining industry. After a more or less successful season in

the hills he concluded to give
Utah a trial, and coming
here located at Park City,,
having then just arrived at
his majority. Without other
capital than good health,
good judgment and a robust
body, he went to delving and
burrowing into the hidden
treasure vaults of naturer
and for seven weary years
he worked for wages as a
miner in the Ontario. His
endurance and enterprise
were rewarded at last in the
acquisition and development
of the Silver King, at pres-

THOMAS KEARNS ent one of the greatest mines

in the world. He is also connected with other mines of
great consequence and is engaged, along with Senator W.
A. Clark, Hon. R. C. Kerens and others, in the construction
of one of the greatest enterprises of the day — the San Pedro
Los Angeles and Salt Lake Railway, elsewhere spoken of
at great length.

Notwithstanding his great good fortune and prominence,
Senator Kearns remains as genial and approachable as ever,

STATE AhD OTHER OFFICIALS. 467

always with a glad greeting for a friend and a pleasant word
for all acquaintances. As a neighbor he is equal to the best,
and as a dispenser of charity and generosity he is too well
known to need further mention.

The Senator has a way of "doing things" that counts.
He does not theorize, or dally, or wait for something to turn
up; he takes right hold of whatever he engages to do and
brings about results at once. This characteristic among
others has enabled him to be a most useful representative,
and he is on the very best of terms with the head of the Gov-
ernment. He may not make as good a speech as some of
them, but he has P way of "getting there" which no amount
of speech-making could ever accomplish.

GEORGE M. CANNON, EX-STATE SENATOR.

[Portrait on page 124.]

THIS gentleman is a conspicuous member of the well-
known Cannon family of this State, being the son of Angus
M. and Sarah M. Cannon. He reached this mundane sphere
as a Christmas gift to his parents, having arrived on that day
in the year 1861 at St. George, Washington county. In 1868
his parents removed to Salt Lake City, where he attended
the district schools till twelve years old, and at that early age
began an active business career as bookkeeper for a coal
company. Returning to school as occasion permitted, he
finally graduated from the Deseret University in 1878, after
which he taught school for two years. He was variously con-
nected with the University, and was the first secretary, after-
ward president of the .\lumni Association. In 1884 he was
elected Recorder of Salt Lake County, having previously
been a deputy ^in the office, and on his twenty-third birthday
was married to Miss Addie Morris, by whom he has become

468

U1AH AS IT IS.

the father of several children. He was an earnest member of
the Peoples' party, and upon its dissolution cast his fortunes
with the Republican party, in which he has been an active
worker. He was almost steadily a member of the Territor-
ial committe of his party, and in 1895 was elected chairman.
He was a candidate for the Legislature in 1891, but it was not
a Republican year and he went down with his ticket. In 1895
he was elected a delegate to the Constitutional Convention
and the same year was chosen a Senator in the first State
Legislature, being elected President of the upper branch, a
position which he filled with marked ability. He is and for
years has been cashier of Zion's Savings Bank and Trust
Company.

WILLARD DONE, REPRESENTATIVE.

MR. DONE was born in Moroni, Utah, on Dec. 10, 1865.

At the age of fifteen he
entered the Brigham Young

r Academy at Provo, and

graduating in 1883 he im-
mediately became an instruc-
tor in that institution. This
position was held for three
years, when he accepted an
offer to take charge of the
newly organized Stake Acad-
emy, now known as the L.
D. S. University, Salt Lake
City, and here he has resided
ever since. For one year
he was professor of theology
WILLARD DONE. *n the Brigham Young Acad-

emy at Logan, and soon after took up other callings. He

STATE AND OTHER OFFICIALS. • 469

has held several Church positions, and was elected to the
House in 1902. He was married on Dec. 23, 1885, to Miss
Amanda Forbes, and seven children have been born to them,
one of whom is dead. Prof. Done is an active, useful citizen.

JUDGE THOMAS MARIONEAUX.

[Portrait on page 255.]

THE presiding official of the Fifth Judicial District was
born in Louisana on the 2ist of January, 1867. In 1886 he
took a change of venue to Denver, Colorado, where he stud-
ied law in the office of Patterson & Thomas, also that of Sena-
tor Edward O. Wolcott. Mr. Marioneaux. remained in Den-
ver till the fall of 1889, when he set his face Zionward and
reached here without incident or impediment. He at once
entered into employment with the well-known legal firm of
Bennett, Marshall & Bradley, Salt Lake City. June 10, 1902,
he was admitted to the bar of the Utah Supreme Court, and
in 1894 was appointed official reporter of the Third District
Court, which position he held till Statehood. In June, 1898,
he moved to Beaver, and the following year was appointed
District Attorney for that district, being elected Judge there-
of in 1900 for the term of four years.

Judge Marioneaux is a Democrat in politics and a Roman
Catholic in religion, by no means an infrequent combination.
He is an excellent lawyer, a capable and impartial Judge and
a first-class citizen throughout.

PROFESSIONAL PEOPLE.

PROMINENT MEMBERS OF THE BAR, PHYSI-
CIANS AND OTHERS.

THIS State contains a goodly share of men and women
who have passed the different and difficult stages of pro-
fessional training, graduated with honor and practice their
calling with success. A few of these have been selected as
representatives of the whole. All that are herein named have
lived here a good while (some were born here) and have thus
acquired a standing which cannot be shaken and speaks for
itself.

The rule elsewhere obtaining that the order in which
the sketches appear have no other significance than showing,
as nearly as possible, the order in which they were received,
is not departed from herein. It is necessary to keep this
before the reader in order that there may be no misunder-
standing.

FRANKLIN S. RICHARDS, ATTORNEY.

The earlier chapters of this book have already acquaint-
ed the reader with the general character of the hard trials
and grinding circumstances under which Utah was peopled
and built up, but to particularize fully would require a dozen
volumes as large as this, and it would even then be question-
able if the tale had been fully told. Incidents here and there

PROFESSIONAL PEOPLE.

471

add somewhat to the story in chief, all illustrative of the soul-
wearying task which the Pioneers and their immediate fol-
lowers took upon themselves in building a commonwealth
where nature was so stubbornly arrayed against them. Surely
children born at such times and under such circumstances are
"heirs to the State" and all the good things it can give its loyal
sons and daughters. One of these, and a most conspicuous
one, is the subject of this sketch, Franklin Snyder Richards.
He first opened his eyes up-
on this "vale of tears" less
than two years after the ex-
iles of Missouri and Illinois
pitched their tents in the val-
ley of the Great Salt Lake
and adopted it as their home;
among this far-famed and
widely honored band were
his father and mother. Frank-
lin Dewey and Jane Snyder
Richards. The exact date of
his birth was June 20, 1849;
the place, Salt Lake City,
although it was rather a
meagre sort of "city" at that
time. The mother had lost
two children through the ex-
pulsion from Nauvoo, and
this with the attendant cir-
cumstances and her own poor health, argued poorly for
the physical welfare of the third offspring. The family, in
common with others, were but poorly sheltered, exposures
to inclement conditions were the rule, and it is a wonder
that either mother or child ever lived to see the fruition and
the grand and consequential work which then had its incep-
tion; but the,y did live and prosper, reaping such rewards
as were then wholly shut out from the vision.

FRANKLIN S. RICHARDS-

472 VI AH AS IT IS.

Franklin S. was early given such school advantages as
the community afforded, and proving an apt scholar he
advanced rapidly, so much so that when only seventeen years
old he became a pedagogue himself, teaching a large and
select school for three years and helping to support his
father's family while the latter was on his last mission to
Europe, private tutors meantime fitting him tor loftier flights
On December 18, 1868, he was married to Miss Emily S.
Tanner, who became one of Utah's foremost women, and a
goodly family has been theirs. Two of their sons, Franklin
Dewey and Joseph Tanner, became members of the bar at an
early age and have been admitted to the bar of the U. S. Su-
preme Court and of the Supreme Court of California. In
1869 Mr. Richards removed to Ogden and there took up the
study of law, meanwhile filling in a most effective manner the
offices of Probate Clerk and County Recorder. Having
thoroughly digested the philosophy of law, be was admitted
to the bar in June, 1874, and it is needless to stiy that his prog-
ress has been steady and rapid, he being at this time one of
the best known, most highly respected and busiest men in the
profession. He was successful from the beginning, and his
record is a great chapter of successes, to set forth any consid-
erable part of which would be quite out of the question. He
is and for many years has been the attorney of the Mormon
Church, a position which, during some of the more stormy
periods of Utah's social history, has placed him in hazardous
and difficult situations, but he never failed to acquit himself
and his cause with honor and steadfastness, also with success
whenever the "peculiar conditions" were sufficiently relaxed
to make success a possibility. He has been a member of
two State Constitutional conventions, including the last one r
has several times been a member of the Territorial Legisla-
ture, during one term being President of the upper branch,
and could have gone to Congress in 1882 if he had coveted
the distinction, a majority of his party's convention being out-
spoken for him; notwithstanding this, his great regard for

PROFESSIONAL PEOPLE. 473

the welfare of his people caused him to put in much valuable
time at Washington during the sessions of Congress when
inimical legislation was pending, and the assistance rendered
the Territorial Delegate at such times was very great. In
1884 he was tendered and accepted the office of City Attor-
ney of Salt Lake City, which necessitated his return, and
here he has resided ever since. He was chairman of the
People's party when came the dissolution thereof and the
division of the voters on national lines, taking the Demo-
cratic side himself, and rendering that cause from time to
time immeasurable service. It should be mentioned, before it
is too late, that he is a member of the bar of the Supreme
Court of the United States and of the State of California;
also that, in 1877, he went upon and honorably filled a mission
to Europe.

This brief sketch contains a life story which might be
elaborated into a goodly volume. It imperfectly, but still it
is hoped impressively, shows forth a sample of the splendid
material out of which the commonwealth has grown and upon
which the grand superstructure depends. Utah has much to
be proud of, but of nothing more than her tried, true and
gifted sons and daughters, conspicuous among whom is
Franklin S. Richards.

ORLANDO W. POWERS, ATTORNEY.

[Portrait on page 132.]

JUDGE POWERS has had a most active career, here
and elsewhere. He is descended from illustrious ancestry,
traceable back to mediaeval English history and embracing
names in the early and subsequent history of the United
States, many of them figuring conspicuously in Colonial and
Revolutionary times. He was born on June 16, 1850, at
Pultneyville, Wayne County, New York, a little hamlet on

474 UTAH AS IT IS.

the shore of Lake Ontario, sixteen miles north of Palmyra.
There his early boyhood was passed, his parents being
farmers and in moderate circumstances. His childhood was
similar to that of most boys who grow up on farms, and
not possessing a surplus of physical strength, the farm work
was to him harder than to most children, and his apparent
lack of interest in the work caused his father to despair of
his ever amounting to anything in the world. He was edu-
cated, for the most part, in a district school, attending school
winters and working on the farm during the summer months.
Later he attended, for two terms, the Sodus Academy, and
likewise, for two terms the Marion Collegiate Institute of
Wayne County, New York. His parents were not financially
able to give him an elaborate education, although his mother,
a very ambitious and naturally intellectual woman, closely
economized and hoarded her earnings that she might devote
them to the education of her three children. When young
Powers was eighteen years of age he was given the choice of
taking a course at the Cornell University or of attending the
law school of Michigan University at Ann Arbor and per-
fecting himself for the legal profession. He at that time fully
determined to become a lawyer, and from a justice of the
peace procured a copy of the Revised Statutes of New York,
which his father was horrified to find he was reading one day
in a corner of the rail fence, when he was supposed to be
hoeing corn. Shortly after that he was called upon to try his
first case. A suit had been instituted by an administrator to
recover upon a promissory note, and the defense set up was
that the note was a forgery. Powers prepared himself for
the fray and wrote out in full, and committed to memory, his
argument in advance; the verdict of the jury was in his favor,
and for his services he received five dollars, which to him
then was a large sum of money, and he immediately invested
four dollars of the same in "Metcalf on Contracts," which
was the nucleus of his law library.

Mr. Powers entered the law school of Michigan Univer-

PROFESSIONAL PEOPLE. 475

sity in the fall of 1869, and graduated in the spring of 1871,
in the same dass with Gov. Charles S. Thomas of Denver,
Colorado. He then returned home and worked on the farm
for a time and secured other employment in order to obtain
the means with which to start into practice. In the fall of
1872, he then being just past twenty-one years of age, was
nominated by the Democrats of the Western Assembly dis-
trict of Wayne County for the Legislature of New York.
The district was overwhelmingly Republican and he was de-
feated at the polls, his opponent being the Hon. L. T. Yo-
mans, a brother-in-law of ex-President Grover Cleveland. In
the spring of 1873 he removed to Kalamazoo, Michigan,
landing there with less than one hundred dollars in money,
never having had experience in a law office, and with no
practical experience at the bar. He succeeded in obtaining
the position of a clerk in the office of May & Buck. The
firm allowed him his board and permission to sleep in a room
back of the office. After he had been with them for three
months, they allowed him a salary of ten dollars per month
in addition to his board and lodging, requiring him, however,
to put into the firm five hundred dollars worth of law books,
which he procured by borrowing the money.

He found time, in the midst of his later law practice, to
act for many years as county chairman for the Democrats of
Kalamazoo County, directing his party in several hard fought
campaigns.

In 1876 Judge Powers was elected City Attorney of Kal-
amazoo. In the Presidential campaign of 1876 he stumped
the State for Samuel J. Tilden; also took part in the cam-
paign in Indiana, speaking through the northern part with
Gov. Hendricks and Daniel W. Voorhees. A strong friend-
ship grew up between Judge Powers and Gov. Hendricks,
and thereaftef the former was a staunch supporter of the great
Indiana statesman.

In 1878 and 1879 Mr. Powers was actively engaged in
the- practice oi lais profession, being connected with some

476 UTAH AS IT IS.

the largest cases of that section of the State, and he also took
a prominent and active part in polttical and public affairs.

In 1880, after bitter opposition, and without his consent,
Judge Powers was almost unanimously nominated for Con-
gressman from the old Fourth district of Michigan, a district
that had almost uniformly been represented by a Republican.
He was defeated by Julius Caesar Burrows, now Senator from
Michigan. The result of the campaign, however, left bitter-
ness of feeling existing among the older element of the party,
which had desired the nomination of Dr. Pratt, which feeling
continued and was a factor in the bitter fight that was after-
wards waged against Mr. Powers' confirmation for Associate
Justice of Utah, when the same was pending before the United
States Senate.

In 1882 Mr. Powers wrote a law book upon Chancery
Practice and Pleading, adapted to the courts of Michigan.
The volume contained eight hundred and forty-nine pages
and three hundred and five practical forms. It is today a
recognized authority upon the subject of which it treats and
met with a large sale. In 1884, at the request of the Rich-
mond Backus Company, publishers of law books of Detroit,
Michigan, he wrote a work of four hundred and thirty-six
pages, entitled Powers' Practice, the book treating of the sub-
ject of practice in the Supreme Court of the State of Michi-
gan. It was prepared amid active professional duties and met
with a good reception from the bench and bar. In the same
year, 1884, Judge Powers was elected one of the four dele-
gates at large to represent the State at the Democratic Na-
tional Convention at Chicago. His candidacy for the place
was opposed by the element in his party which became dis-
satisfied with his nomination to Congress, nevertheless in the
convention of nearly nine hundred delegates, he received
more than two-thirds majority.

In 1885 Judge Powers was again elected City Attor-
ney of Kalamazoo. A contest arose over the appoint-
ment of a postmaster for that city. Mr. Powers went to

PROFESSIONAL PEOPLE. 477

Washington in the interest of a friend, and there procured the
assistance of Don M. Dickinson. A day or two after his
return to Kalamazoo, as he was passing the telegraph office
he was handed a telegram from Mr. Dickinson, which read,
;<Will you accept position as Associate Justice of Utah ?
Answer quick." Mr. Powers had no thought of any such
appointment but immediately, upon receipt of the telegram,
he turned to the telegraph office and wrote the reply "Yes."
That was in April, and in due time the appointment was
made. In May of that year Mr. Powers came to Utah, took
the oath of office and entered upon his duties as Associate
Justice of Utah, and Judge of the First Judicial District, with
headquarters at Ogden. His experience on the bench was
not of the most pleasant nature. The laws against polygamy
and unlawful cohabitation were then being enforced with
great vigor. The Judge's record from this point on is too
well known to need repeating. (His political career is referred
to elsewhere).

On October 26, 1887, Judge Powers was married to
Anna Whipple, daughter of George Whipple, an old resident
and merchant of Burlington, Iowa. They have had two chil-
dren born to them, Don Whipple Powers, who died in 1886,
and the other Roger Woodworth Powers, now twelve years
of age.

Anticipating that the division upon national party lines
was bound to come here in Utah, by virtue of the changed
conditions, Mr. Powers organized what was known as the
Tuscarora Society, a Democratic organization composed of
Liberals, which grew to a membership of eleven hundred,
and which was a strong political factor, in 1892, at the National
Convention at Chicago; the Tuscarora Society ran a special
train, containing a drum corps and about sixty members of the
organization, to that city, where they were a feature of the
convention that year. Mr. Powers, with Fred J, Kiesel, at-
tended that convention as delegates from Utah, representing
the- Liberal wing of the Democratic party. Their right to sit

478 VI AH AS IT IS.

as delegates was contested by Judge Henderson and Hon.
John T. Caine, who were representatives of the newly formed
Democratic party of Utah. The latter were seated.

In 1892 Judge Powers was elected a member of the
Legislature of Utah, and served during the session of 1893.
In 1895 he was unanimously chosen chairman of the Demo-
cratic State Central Committe of Utah, and waged a very
energetic campaign. He was re-elected chairman in 1896,
the State that year giving a very heavy Democratic majority.
At the request of the National Committee in 1896, Mr.
Powers stumped the States of Illinois, Iowa. Nebraska and
Wyoming, part of the time speaking with Mr. Bryan from
the latter's special train. Mr. Powers was a member of the
Democratic Convention held at Chicago in 1896, and was
made chairman of the Utah delegation. He submitted the
plan which was afterwards adopted, for the organization of
silver delegates in that convention, which afterwards proved
so effective and which surprised the gold standard men by its
completeness. At the convention he placed in nomination
for the Vice-Presidency the Hon. John W. Daniel of Virginia,
making a speech that was very highly complimented.

In December, 1896, he resigned as chairman of the
Democratic State Committe and announced himself as a can-
didate for the United States Senate, withdrawing, however,
before the balloting commenced in favor of Hon. Moses
Thatcher, the conditions at that time impressing Mr. Powers
that it was his duty so to do. Nevertheless, during nearly
the whole fight he was voted for by Senator Mattie Hughes
Cannon.

In 1898 Mr. Powers again became a candidate for
the United States Senate, and was one of the leading candi-
dates during the whole session, which resulted in no election
of a Senator from Utah.

On August 26, 1899, an attempt was made by an ex-
convict named John Y. Smith to take the life of Mr. Powers
by means^of an infernal machine, loaded with giant powder

PROFESSIONAL PEOPLE. 479

and fulminating caps. The contrivance was ingeniously con-
structed, but by one of those fortunate mental warnings which
baffle description, but which are sometimes experienced, Mr.
Powers did not open the box, bat turned it over to the police
who discovered its dangerous character. The Governor of
Utah offered a reward of five hundred dollars for the arrest of
and conviction of the perpetrator, and he was secured while
endeavoring to escape. His trial was had in December,
1897, and he was convicted of an assault with intent to mur-
der. The day after his conviction, he ended his life by taking
morphine with suicidal intent. After his conviction he con-
fessed his connection with the effort to take Mr. Powers' life.
As a lawyer Judge Powers is the head of a well-known
law firm of Salt Lake City. He is employed in cases of the
highest importance. His practice is very large, extending
over Utah, Wyoming, Idaho, Nevada and Colorado, and com-
prises all branches of the law. He is constantly called upon
to speak upon public occasions, and is a very busy man.

CHARLES W. PENROSE, EDITOR.

[Portrait on page 157.]

MR. PENROSE is a native of England, having been born
on February 4, 1832, at Camberwell, London. He acquired
the rudiments of an education at an astonishingly early age,
and could read and was familiar with the teachings of the
Bible when under four years old. Having thus a spiritual cast of
mind he easily became a convert to the Mormon doctrine, and
was baptized May 14, 1850, he being the only member of
his father's family so to do. He was ordained an elder
when only nineteen years old, and went into active service in
the ministry at once, this being greatly to his detriment
socially and financially. He underwent many hardships in
upholding his .convictions and discharging his duties, but he
kept on undaunted. In 1855 ne was married to Miss Lucetta

480 1 1AH AS IT IS

Stratford, who with all her family had been converted by
Elder Penrose. He presided over several conferences, and
when opportunity offered wrote articles for the Millennial
Star. After ten years of active service he was released and
at once departed for America, this being the year 1861, and
being accompanied by 620 emigrants, whom he looked
after faithfully on shipboard, through the States and during
the then dreary journey across the plains. Arriving in Utah
he first settled in Farmington, and though not accustomed to
such severe toil as fell to the lot of the Utah settler he made
the most of it, and by teaching school in winter soon acquired
a home. He removed to Cache Valley by call in the fall of
1864, and repeated his Farmington experiences there, the
following year (April) being called on a mission to England,
and the drastic overland trip was again undertaken; he
walked most of the way, but made the unusually good time
of thirty-six days, the savages being exceedingly hostile the
whole way. He returned from this mission, which was a
very active and resultful one, in 1868. His next move was
merchandising at Logan, the firm being Shearman & Penrose.
He held various other positions of importance, and in January,
1870, accepted an invitation to edit the Ogden Junction, then
just started. Here he became a member of the City Council,
held various Church positions, and became a factor in politics.
In 1874 he was elected to the Legislature, and three years
later became editor of the Deseret News and moved to Salt
Lake City, where he has resided ever since. He was again
elected to the Legislature in 1879, re-elected two years later,
and elected a delegate to the Constitutional Convention of
1882. He filled another mission to England during the
"reign of terror," in 1885, but did not escape the wrath of
the raiders altogether, for in 1890 he was brought before
Judge T. J. Anderson as witness in a special examination
relating to Mormons' eligibility for naturalization, and being
asked questions regarding his marital relations, which were
not at all in issue, he refused to answer and was sent to the

PROFESSIONAL PEOPLE.

481

penitentiary for five days, the legal limit for contempt. In
October, 1892, he became editor of the Salt Lake Herald
and remained there till 1895, when he was appointed first
assistant in the Historian's office, retiring from that position
in January, 1899, to again become editor of the JVews, the
position he now holds.

It is clearly impossible in sketching so active a life to
set forth all the events of interest in this narrow compass, but
enough is presented to give an excellent idea of the whole.
Personally Mr. Penrose is of most agreeable disposition, he
writes with great vigor and clearness, and is unquestionably
one of the ablest pulpit orators in the country.

ALVIN V. TAYLOR, ATTORNEY.

MR. TAYLOR, although

AJ,.VIN V. TAYLOR.

one of the youngest, is recog-
nized as among the ablest of
the members of the bar of
this city, where he was born
February 25, 1865. He is
the son of another State
Representative — Joseph E.
Taylor, who also has a show-
ing in this book — his mother
being Louise R. Taylor. At
the age of 13 the subject of
this sketch entered the Uni-
versity of Utah, graduating
therefrom in three years.
He then took a position with
the Western Union Tele-
graph company, remaining
there eleven months, then
accepting a place as opera-
tor and agent for the D. &

482 UTAH AS IT IS.

R. G. Railway Co. Here he remained until 1886, when he
went into the stock ranching business, and in 1889 went East to
study law, graduating with the degrees L. L. B. and L. L. JVL
In 1891 Mr. Taylor was admitted to the bar of the Supreme
Court of Virginia, of the District of Columbia, and afterwards
came to Salt Lake City, in which city he has practiced law
ever since. He was elected to the first State Legislature as
Representative. Is at present Vice-President and General
Manager of the Salt Lake and Suburban Railway, now being
built in Salt Lake City and county. Is also interested con-
siderably in mining, and is President and Manager of the South
Quincy Mining Co., of Park City, Utah,

ORESTES UTAH BEAN, DRAMATIST.

UTAH has developed several dramatic authors of marked
ability, some of whose productions have been placed before the
public and received marked approval. Among them are
E. W. Tullidge and John S. Lindsay; but it has remained for
a later day composer to bring into existence a play whose
merits have made it a prime favorite with the theatre-going
public and a reputation co-extensive with the national domain at
least. This man is Orestes Utah Bean and the play
"Corianton."

Mr. Bean is distinctly a Utah product. He was born in
Provo, November 8, 1873, his parents being George W. and
Elizabeth B. Bean, the former being a Pioneer and noted
Indian interpreter. The family subsequently removed to
their present residence, Richfield. Young Bean was educated
and subsequently taught a class in the Brigham Young Acad-
emy at Provo, his career being signally successful. A favorite
occupation was delving into the historic and pre-historic con-
ditions of America, and in this he found the Book of Mormon
very interesting and helpful; and here he found the first in-
spiration for the play. He has always been a leading spirit,,
his unconventional and original methods of doing and saying

PROFESSIONAL PEOPLE.

483

things naturally making him such; as an illustration of this he
was at one time in Richfield a school teacher, assistant
superintendent of Sunday schools, president of the literary
society, president of the Mutual Improvement Association,
captain of a military company, teacher of a theological class,
manager of the dramatic company, captain of a baseball club,
and manager of public entertainments. Surely, a wide range
with sufficient variety to suit most people, but not so Mr.
Bean; and in order that no valuable time might be wasted, he
took up the production of his biggest work so far, the play
spoken of. The materials for a play were hardly supposed
to exist in the Book of Mormon, and older and more experi-
enced heads v, ere shaken dubiously when he mentioned the
possibilities to them. On this he worked sometimes till
4 o'clock in the morning. Previous to this exacting labor
he was an athlete, able to spring over two horses at a bound

without touching either, but
he soon became greatly bro-
ken down in nerve and
muscle. He acted in and
staged many plays with suc-
cess, revising and adapting
them to the company's ca-
pacities as he went along,
and became thoroughly ac-
quainted with the technique
and finesse of dramatic rep-
resentation. In casting about
for a subject for a play on
his favorite theme, the
"hidden past of America,"
he came up against B. H.
Roberts' amplified sketch of
Corianton, and, while this
was by no means a completed
upon which to rear a more

ORESTES UTAH BEAN.

theme, it served as a

basis

484 UTAH AS IT IS.

elaborate structure. Mr. Bean actually composed in bed and
wrote at his meals, and devoted all his spare time to the pro-
duction; his system was saturated with it, and at the end of
two years the work which he expected tb complete in as
many months was finished. He encountered the usual vicis-
situdes in getting a producer and finally made for the
theatrical fountain head, New York, reaching there with
75 cents only. Fortune favored, as it is always supposed
to do with the daring, and he secured an engagement in the
original production of "Ben Hur," which put him on his feet.
While at this he worked his own play into notice, having the
satisfaction to have it pronounced a masterpiece by the
critics, but he was an unknown quantity and the theme was
not popular. He stayed with his work faithfully, however,
under the most trying discouragements, and finally the Deseret
Dramatic Syndicate sprang into existence and an elaborate
and highly successful production of the play followed. His
picture tells the rest.

JOSEPH C. RICH, LAWYER AND WRITER.

ALTHOUGH at present and for several years past a resid-
ent of Idaho, Mr. Rich is looked upon as a Utah man, his
"bringing up" and place of abode up to the time of bis
removal having been chiefly in Salt Lake City. He was
born in historic Nauvoo, on January 16, 1841, and came to
Utah on October 2, 1847, with his father and mother, these
being the late Apostle Charles C. Rich and his wife Sarah,
both Pioneers and possessed of rare, sterling qualities. Joseph
went with his father to California in 1855 a°d remained there
till 1857, during which time the boy went to school. His father
bought the San Bernardino ranch and, with Amasa Lyman,
founded the town of that name. On his return Josesph took
up arms "ag'in' the Government" as represented by Johnston's
army, and in 1860 went on a mission to England. In 1863

PROFESSIONAL PEOPLE.

485

he settled with a colony in Bear Lake valley, Idaho, and the
families moved in next year, by which means he became a
pioneer ot another State, this being the third. He started
the first paper in that part of the country, the Bear Lake
Democrat. Having read law in the office of Hosea Stout,

Salt Lake City, he continued
his studies in his new abode,
was admitted to the bar at
Salmon City, Idaho, and has
been a practitioner ever since
until elected Judge of the
Fifth judicial district, com-
prising the counties of Bear
Lake, Oneida, Bannock,
Bingham, Fremont and Lem-
hi, in 1898; he served till
1903, when he left the bench
and resumed the practice of
law.

Mr. Rich was married to
Ann Eliza Hunter in 1868
nrA has had nine children
JOSEPH c. RICH. born to him, six of whom

are living. He is known to

old newspaper readers and others hereabout as a humorous
writer of excellent ability; he is well stocked with incidents
of interest, which he relates at times in a manner all his
own. He is an agreeable personage, at home everywhere and
hasn't an enemy in the world.

At present he resides at his famous Hot Springs on the
shore of the beautiful Bear Lake, the most attractive and
healthful summer resort in the Rocky Mountain region.

S. A. KING, ATTORNEY.
- SAMUEL A. KING was born in Fillmore on January 9,

486

UTAH AS IT IS.

1868. .His parents were William and Josephine Henry King,
the latter departing this life when the boy was but five
weeks old, he being raised by his grandparents on his
mother's side. His grandfather was an Irishman, and in this
ancestry is traceable the ready wit and copious vocabulary
which characterizes S. A. and his brother W. H. The former

went to a grammar school
at Fillmore, then took a
term in the B. Y. Academy
at Provo, this concluding
in 1888. In 1889 he spent
a winter ai the Utah Uni-
versity and in the follow-
ing year worked on the
Utah Central railway till
December, when he went
on a mission to England.
He spent eighteen months
in London and vicinity and
took a trip on the continent,
visiting Belgium, Holland,
France, Switzerland and
Italy. In 1891 he went
through Scotland and spent
six weeks in Ireland, re-
turning home in December,

1891. He then took up the study of law in the office of
King & Houtz, Provo, and was admitted to the bar in
August, 1892. He was married to Maynetta Bagley, Sep-
tember 14, 1892, and immediately proceeded to Ann Arbor
with his wife, graduating in June, 1893. He then returned
to Provo and opened an office, becoming attorney for the
First National Bank, holding the place for six years; was
also appointed City Attorney and served for two years, from
1896 to 1898; was County Attorney and District Attorney
from May, 1899, to IQOI. Mr. King is a Democrat and has

S. A. KING.

PROFESSIONAL PEOPLE.

487

figured largely in many campaigns. He is engaged exten-
sively in mining and is a member of the firm of King, Burton
•& King, lawyers, having a fine practice.

NOBLE WARRUM, ATTORNEY AND EDITOR.

BORN in 1865 at Greenfield, Indiana. He attended the

public schools and
high school at that
place. Was at De
Pauw University for
two years and took
a law course at Ann
Arbor, Michigan, in
1887-9, and was ad-
mitted to practice in
the Supreme Court
of Utah in iSpOjbeing
a charter member of
the Utah Bar As-
sociation. He prac-
ticed law for two
years in Logan and
bought the Journal
there, in charge of
which he remained
for five years, when
he came to Salt Lake as editor-in-chief of the Herald, from
which position he resigned in 1900 to go into the plantation
business in Mexico. Col. Warrum has held several positions
of trust since locating in Utah twelve years ago, showing the
esteem in which he is held by his neighbors and fellow
citizens. He was Judge of the Probate Court of Cache
County and Chairman of the Board of County Commissioners

WARRUM.

488 UTAH AS IT IS.

for two years. In 1894 he was elected a member of the
Constitutional Convention and the following year was de-
feated for the District Judgeship of the First Judicial District
by three votes. He was that fall unanimously nominated and
elected by a large majority to the first State Senate. At the close
of the session he was appointed by Governor Wells as Jud^e
Advocate General with the rank of Colonel in the State
militia. In 1890 Col. Warrum was elected secretary of the
State Senate, a position he filled with marked ability.

Although Mr. Warrum has always stood high in the
councils of his party he declares that politics will have no
attraction for him henceforth, as his entire time and atten-
tion will be given to the culture of rubber in the future of
which he has unbounded confidence.

D. O. RIDEOUT, JR., EX-STATE SENATOR.

[Portrait 011 page 107.]

MR. RIDEOUT is emphatically a Salt Laker, having been-
born in this county in 1854, an<^ resided here almost contin-
uously ever since. In 1868 his father moved from the city
to Draper, where the boy entered the school taught by Dr.
J. R. Park, later attending the Logan College, subsequently
teaching school himself, but did not like the business and
went to grading and contracting. Afterwards he went into-
merchandising and followed it with considerable success.
From 1884 to 1886 he was justice of the peace of Draper
precinct, and in 1891 went to the University of Michigan,,
where he spent two years in the law class, and graduated,
being admitted to the bar afterwards. He has considerable
political experience, among other things being elected to
the State Senate in 1896, and serving in the second and third
sessions, where he was an able and efficient member.

PROFESSIONAL PEOPLE.

489

CHARLES C. RICHARDS, ATTORNEY.

ANOTHER son of the late Apostle Franklin D. Richards,
is the one named above, now and for many years past a
well-known and successful attorney of Ogden. He was born
in Salt] Lake City on September 16, 1859, anc* sPent his
earlier years here, going to his present place of residence

when his parents moved
there, in 1869. To a liberal
education, he has added
persistent and continuous
study, realizing that there is
no royal road to success, and
that advantages are worth-
less unless accompanied by
unremitting labor and care.
It thus falls that Mr Rich-
ards, at this time, is in the
possession of a fine practice
and a good income, and is
still a hard worker, delving
in the caves of knowledge
and still adding treasures to
his store. For many years
he has been a member of the bar of the Supreme Court of
the United States.

It is not only as a lawyer that Mr. Richards has figured
conspicuously and successfully, but in the political field as
well. He held several county positions in Weber County
at an early stage of his career, among them being the offices
of County Clerk and County Attorney; was elected to the
lower house of the Territorial Legislature in 1887 and to the
upper house in 1889, where his natural aptitude for legisla-
tion made him a useful and effective member. It was while
he was serving his term in the House of Representatives
that the Territorial Reform School and Agricultural College

CHARGES C. RICHARDS.

490 UTAH AS IT IS.

were established, and, after one of the hardest fights ever
made in the Assembly, he succeeded in having the Reform
School located in Weber county. All the while his eye was
fixed upon the Americanization of Utah, by having conflicting
political elements divided by the means prevailing elsewhere,
instead of religious differences being the line of demarcation.
But he would not move in so important a matter until the
conditions were ripe — until the slow but steadily moving hand
of time brought about such amelioration of the bitter strife
which had prevailed that, when the revolution began, noth-
ing could successfully stand against it. The time came just
.ifter the event last noted and he was placed among the law-
makers as a member of the People's party, to which his
allegiance was steadfastly given, up to the time it vanished
from the scene, the election in which he was chosen to the
upper house being its last contest.

It took acumen, forethought, matured judgment and ex-
ecutive capacity to effect the great consummation spoken of,
and, even when the pronunciamento went forth and the new
order was ushered in, there were mutterings and misgivings
here and there. The People's ranks contained not a few
whose devotion to the cause amounted to affection, regarding
the organization as a bulwark against present aggression and
threatened subjugation, while the Liberals, whose ranks had
been steadily growing, and who had their eager gaze fixed
upon the citadel as a near-at-hand capture, were, in many
cases, loth to give up the party, just when it seemed about
to achieve the object in chief for which it was organized.
Mr. Richards, at such times, was a busy man. Much of his
attention was taken from his business and patriotically be-
stowed upon the movement which was to abolish the feudal
system and install the better and brighter condition leading
to Statehood and independence. He placed himself in com-
munication with the great Democratic leaders of the country,
raised money, and had Honorables Chauncey F. Black,

PROFESSIONAL PEOPLE. 491

Lawrence Gardner and William L. Wilson, the President.
Secretary and Chairman of the Executive Committee, re-
spectively, of the National Association of Democratic Clubs,
United States Senator Charles J. Faulkner, of West Virginia,
and Hon. William D. Bynum, Member of Congress from
Indiana, visit us, and address monster political meetings in
the principal cities of the Territory; negotiated with those
who were most progressive and least stubborn, here in Utah,
gaining point by point and one concession after another, till
at last the ways were cleared and the craft was successfully
launched. It would take a volume to detail all the work,' or
even all the consummations, wrought through the clear-
headed and persistent efforts of Mr. Richards, much of the
time not only without available help, but in the face of trying
opposition from both sides; but, having decided that the
time had come, he had to vindicate himself, and he did. He
was chosen as Chairman of the first Democratic Territorial
Committee, after the division, and led the party to victory ;
later, submitting to his successor, an organization which, for
discipline, equipment and effective work, was not excelled in
the older commonwealths.

Mr. Richards was the first Mormon to be appointed to
office by the President of the United States for many years,
and the very first after the division on national lines here. He
received the endorsement of such great Democrats as Hon.
J. Sterling Morton, Secretary of Agriculture; United
States Senators Gorman and Faulkner; Congressmen Wilson
and Bynum; Governor Black, and many others. His per-
sonal acquaintance with President Cleveland, who knew of
his splendid work for the Democratic party in Utah and ad-
joining States had much to do with his appointment as Sec-
retary of Utah, which was not only a testimony of his own
worth, but a recognition of the confidence which the execu-
tive placed in the Mormon people,

He is still young and energetic, and may be looked for

492 Ul AH AS , IT IS.

to render yet other service to the people among whom his
life will be spent.

C. C. GOODWIN, EDITOR.

[Portrait on page 157.]

FEW names are better known in the Western country
than that of Charles Carroll Goodwin. He is a native of
New York, his birthplace b^ing Riga, near Rochester. He
received a liberal education in the local institutes of learning,
and, at an early age, turned his face towards the setting sun,
settling at Marysville, California. Here he established a
lumber mill, but was burned out; he then taught school, and,
while doing this, read law under the direction of his brother,
one of the prominent lawyers of California. In 1860, young
Goodwin retraced his steps eastward, as far as Nevada,
where he remained for some time, and where he was ad-
mitted to practice in all the courts. With a partner, he built
a quartz mill on the Carson river, but it was swept away by
a tremendous flood, which drowned several people and did
incalculable damage. Upon the admission of the Territory
to Statehood, he was elected to a District Judgeship and
served three years; then was editor of the Inland Em-
pire, at Hamilton, and remained there until the discovery of
the Eureka mining district. Going there, he was a pioneer
in opening those mines. Then he spent a year in California,
trying to settle the titles to a placer mine, but it was too much
involved, and, being called to Virginia City, Nevada, he wrent
to work as associate editor of the Territorial Enterprise.
When R. M. Daggett, the editor-in-chief, was elected to
Congress, he took his place, and carried on the paper until
1880, when he came to Utah and bought mining interests in
the pioneer district — Lincoln. While thus engaged, he re-
ceived an offer (in May) to take charge of the editorial de-
partment of the Salt Lake Tribune, and accepted, remaining

PROFESSIONAL PEOPLE. 493

at this post steadily, till October, 1901, when the paper
changed hands and the situation was no longer desirable.

Judge Goodwin's present connections, and some account
of his methods, appear elsewhere.

JOHN C. GRAHAM, EDITOR.

[Portrait on page 157.]

MR. GRAHAM was born in Liverpool, England, July 23,
1839. When about eighteen months old, his parents joined the
Mormon Church, and he was thereby brought up in the faith.
In 1860, they embarked for America, leaving the boy behind,
he following them in 1864, but coming straight through to
Utah, whereas the parents tarried two years in New York.
For eight years John C. was in the headquarters of the
European mission, as an assistant, and had charge of the
publishing department of the mission, which was in charge
of George Q. Cannon, for three years. Before leaving his
native land, Mr. Graham was married to Eliza Morris, of
Woolwich, near London. On reaching Zion, the position of
treasurer of the city, under Mayor Smoot, wras awaiting him,
in which he remained twenty-four hours, having arranged
for a systematic bookkeeping plan, when a message reached
him from headquarters of the Church, offering him a position
in that office, which he accepted. Knowing that he had
dramatic ability, by reason of amateur experiences in England,
his services were secured for the Deseret Dramatic Associa-
tion, in which he played gratuitously for several years, be-
coming at the outset a prime favorite and making a great
reputation, which was the means of acquiring a good income
later on. He became engaged, with others, in the printing
business in 1870, issuing the footlights, an entr'acte, and
later the Times, in 1877 going to Provo and engaging in the
publication of the Enquirer, with which he has been con-
nected ever since. From the spring of 1873, to the fall of
1874, ne was- on a mission to England, being associated with

494 UTAH AS 11 IS.

Albert Carrington, and later with Joseph F. Smith, in the
publication of the Church representative, the Millennial Star,
making about ten years of his life given to Church work in
Great Britain. He is one of the surviving members of the
Deseret Dramatic Association, and could have made a fortune
by remaining on the stage. Under his control, the Enquirer
and its adjuncts have grown up to large proportions, and he
has apparently nothing to be sorry for, in a business way.
He has held and holds several Church positions, and was
one of the founders of the Republican party in Utah County,
and, as chairman and otherwise, contributed largely to its
success, his paper being the only one in Utah supportive of
the McKinley ticket in 1896, and, upon the latter's accession
to the Presidency, Mr. Graham was remembered by being
made Postmaster of Provo. He is a popular and prosperous
citizen.

DANIEL D. HOUTZ, ATTORNEY.

[Portrait on page 207. ',

MR. HOUTZ was born in Springville, Utah, March n,
1859. His father was Jacob Houtz, one of the Pioneers of
Utah, and a man noted for enterprise and progressive
achievements, the works and institutions forwarded by him,
being in evidence wherever he has lived; the mother was
Bridget Daly Houtz, a native of Ireland, who was converted
to Mormonism and came to this country in 1854, a°d was
married in 1856; she still lives, but the father is dead. Daniel
began his schooling in the district schools of Springville, and
rounded out with a two-year term in the B. Y. Academy,
Provo. He then taught school for four years, at Tooele, be-
ing the principal, inaugurating many needed improvements,
and studying law in the meantime. Was County Attorney
of Tooele County for two terms, and in 1888 moved to Salt
Lake City, where he became Assistant City and County
Attorney, and was admitted to the bar in 1890. The same

PROFESSIONAL PEOPLE. 495

year he moved to Provo and has remained there ever since*
being City Attorney for one year. Is now a member of the
law firm of Warner, Houtz and Warner.

Mr. Houtz was married in 1886 to Edna Lyman,
daughter of F. M. Lyman, and has five children. Personally,
he is a pushing, self-reliant man, loyal to his family, fond of
his friends, and not overly resentful to those who are not
friends. Politically, he has, until recently, been a steadfast
Democrat, but in the election of 1902, cast his allegiance with
the Republicans, as many another did before him.

E. W. SENIOR, ATTORNEY.

MR. SENIOR was born in Doncaster, England, in .March,
1862. His father was an English barrister and his mother
an American. After his father's death he was brought to
Utah, by his grandfather, in n 868, the latter dying when the
former was fourteen years old, at which time young Senior
began the battle of life on his own account. He educated
himself generally, and, while so doing, read up on law, being
later admitted to practice in the Supreme Court of Utah.

He has made a specialty of land and mining practice be-
fore the Interior Department, in which branch he stands pre-
eminently in the lead in this State. Incidentally, he has spent
both time and money in reclaiming the waste places west of
the Jordan river and south of Great Salt Lake, causing many
of them to become inviting and fruitful localities. The carry-
ing of car loads of our fragrant lilacs to the flowerless moun-
tain towns of Colorado was an idea originated by Mr. Senior
and carried out to the great gratification of all concerned, by
him, at his own expense; he was also the originator and pro-
motor of the beautiful ice palace, at Leadville, which, in the
winter of 189^5, attracted so many people from all directions
to that altitudinous city. He is a thoroughly progressive

496

UTAH AS IT IS.

wide-awake citizen, who wants to see everybody else, as
v.ell as himself, advance along all proper beneficial lines.

DR. R. A. HASBROUCK.

THE doctor named is a "Buckeye," having been born
at Weymouth, Ohio, on April 8, 1858. After some prelim-
inary schooling, he
graduated in Bennett
College, Chicago, in
1882, going from
there to Paris, where
he studied and
passed examination
in B. S., becoming
prepared to enter the
faculty of medicine
upon his return to
thiscountry. In
1887-8, he was as-
sistant editor of the
Chicago Medical
Times and resident
physician of the Ben-
nett Hospital there.
After some time thus
spent, he resigned
both places and

turned his face towards the setting sun, bringing up and
settling in Salt Lake City, where he has been signally suc-
cessful.

Dr. Hasbrouck is also a politician and mining man. He
organized the Populist party in Utah and was chairman of
the State and County committees until the party endorsed
Bryan for President, when he broke away and helped to or-

DR. R. A. HASBROUCK.

PROFESSIONAL PEOPLE.

497

ganize the Socialists. His mining investments are chiefly in
Bingham, Utah, and Idaho, and have resulted quite satisfac-
torily.

The Doctor is a direct descendant of the French refugee
Huguenots, the Hasbroucks being of the number who came
to America in 1673, and settled at New Poltz, N. Y. He
speaks French fluently and is a well informed man generally.

ALBERT POWERS, PHYSICIAN.

DR. POWERS, Sanitary Inspector of Ogden, was born in
Lawrence County, Illinois, March, 8, 1845; went with his
parents, to Wisconsin at an- early age, and to Iowa in 1858,

where (at Monona) he at-
tended the common schools.
In 1862, he enlisted in
Co. H, i7th Iowa Volun-
teers, and, being wounded
in an engagement, returned
home in December of that
year; afterwards, attended
and taught school, and then
read medicine and practiced
medicine, for three years,
at Castena, Iowa. He then
took a college term at Keo-
kuk, and, a few years later,
graduated in Marion Sims'
College of Medicine, at St.
Louis, Mo. He came to
Ogden in 1875, a°d has
ALBERT POWERS. practiced there ever since,

having held the position of County and City Physician several
times; has also been a member of the Board of Pension Ex-
aminers, for Utah, for twelve vears, and is -a member of the

498

UTAH AS IT IS.

Utah and Weber County Medical Societies and the Amer-
ican Association. The doctor has served two terms in the
Ogden City Council with credit, and is a well respected
citizen.

DR. JAMES E. TALMAGE.

A MAN of great attainments, force of character and
natural ability, is the one whose name appears above. He is
a native of England, having reached this sphere at the town
of Hungerford, Berkshire, on September 21, 1862, being the

second child and oldest son
of a family of eleven, the
father and mother being
James J. and Susannah P.
Talmage. These being Mor-
mons, the son himself was
baptized into the Church at
the age of ten. He acquired
the foundation of an educa-
tion in the local schools, and,
having an "appetite for
knowledge," a studious dis-
position and the faculty of
mer^<a] assimilation largely
developed, his march toward
scholastic eminence was up-
ward and onward. When
but thirteen years old, his par-
ents set sail for the United
States, bringing the family

with them; they reached Utah in 1876 and took up their
residence at Provo, where James entered the Brigham Young
Academy and soon became associated closely with Dr.
Maeser, notices of whom appear in that connection. Young
Talmage soon graduated and at once became a teacher in

DR. JAMES E. TALMAGE.

PROFESSIONAL PEOPLE. 499

the more advanced branches, and graduated from the col-
legiate department in 1881. In 1882, he entered Lehigh Uni-
versity, Bethlehem, Pa.; and, after an active experience, re-
tired and received the baccalaureate degree. Subsequently,
he became a student of the noted Johns Hopkins University,
Baltimore, Md. He had to live economically, but managed
to get along, and never sacrificed any point of principle re-
garding his religious or secular career. He met many noted
people, among them Henry Ward Beecher, and the good
impressions created were mutual. His skill as a microscopist,
made him a Fellow of the Royal Microscopical Society of
London; also a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh,
and, soon after, he became a Fellow of the Geographical
Society of London. In 1897, he was chosen a Fellow of the
Geological Society of America, and is, besides, a member of
many distinguished societies.

There is no more fluent, perspicuous speaker of English
in this part of the world, if, indeed, anywhere, than Dr. Tal-
mage, and to these natural qualifications he brings the pow-
erful aids of deep, broad and comprehensive learning. He
is an extensive traveler, one whose travels do not amount to
merely going somewhere, but are the means of gaining newer
and better information regarding the people, places and con-
ditions traveled among.

JOHN P. MEAKIN, "FRATERNAL MINISTER."

HERE we have a minister without a church; ergo, with-
out a salary. He was born July 9, 1851, at Raunds, North-
ampton, England, and came to Zion August 21, 1869. He
has an intellectual fumily of a wife and five sons, the eldest of
these, Fred W., having graduated from the Philadelphia
Dental College, the second being in the theatrical business,
with New York^City as headquarters. The subject hereof
is himself a dramatic reader of unexcelled ability.

500

UTAH AS IT IS.

Prof. Meakin is a man of aphorisms rather than of ser-
mons. He finds no fault with any church, but wishes they
would all "talk shop" less and cultivate the spirit of pure re-
ligion more. He belongs to eeveral fraternal societies, and
as a lecturer is fluent, versatile and decidedly entertaining.
Although at times active in the field of politics, he has never
sought public station, and cheerfully admits that the country

can run along without his
services as an officeholder,
and would rather, as he ex-
presses it, "ask one man for
a job than thousands."
Honor, he contends, "can-
not be tacked on, or doled
out; it is not obtained by
gift, but comes from within."
He is in love with life, hold-
ing every man to be his
brother and every woman
his sister. Altogether, Prof.
Meakin is a thoroughly good
fellow, sympathetic, toler-
ant and charitable, with
more native ability and
genuine character than the
world has yet given him
credit for. He will be heard from wherever he may be.

JOHN P. MEAKIN.

W. K. REID, ATTORNEY.

[Portrait on page 255.]

MR. REID, who is a leading lawyer of Sanpete County,
resides in Manti. He was born in Belfast, Ireland. October
21, 1848, and came to Utah on November' 6, 1872. Having

PROFESSIONAL PEOPLE. 501

received a good education in Edinburgh and Glasgow, he pro-
ceeded to put it to good use by teaching school, this con-
tinuing till the fall of 1883; while thus engaged, he studied
law and was admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court of
Utah on June 22, 1883. He held the office of County At-
torney for nine years, and Superintendent of District Schools,
five years; was also Probate Judge for a. term, and was a
member of the Twenty-first Territorial Legislature. Mr.
Reid was married on April 24, 1879, to Miss Jane Leatham,
and is the father of eleven children, ten of whom — eight girls
and two boys — are living. . He has a fine practice, extending
throughout the State, and is an active politician when politics
is *'on tap."

A. J. WEBER, ATTORNEY.

[Portrait on page 255.]

MR. WEBER is a native of Iowa, where he was born
some forty -three years ago. He is a university graduate, an
editor and a lawyer of decided ability. He formerly resided
in Ogden, but ot late years has made Salt Lake City his
home. In the first State election in 1895, he was the can-
didate of the Democratic party for Attorney General, but the
Republicans had the call on everything that time, and he
had to share the fate of his ticket. In 1900 the performance
was repeated with some variations, none of them having any
practical bearing, however; it is to be said in his favor that
he made a splendid canvass and deserved the success he
could not win.

Mr. Weber has become noted in legal circles through
his remarkable defense of Nick Haworth, slayer of a night-
watchman at Layton, some two years ago. No stone was

502 UTAH AS IT IS.

left unturned up to the very last ditch. The attorney has
built up a fine practice here, and is a thoroughly good
citizen.

JOHN ]. THOMAS.

THIS active and enterprising citizen of Salt Lake City
is a twin brother of the Postmaster and ex-Governor Arthur
L. Thomas, and naturally resembles him considerably. He
first saw the light of day at Chicago, 111., on August 22, 1851.
In 1853 he was taken by his parents to Pittsburg, Pa., where
he attended the public schools and received the foundation
of an education which was afterwards considerably added to.
On growing up toward manhood John J. took the advice of
Greeley and wended his way westward, bringing up in Cal-
ifornia, where he remained for some lime engaging in bus-
iness. Later he came to Utah and finally decided to make
it his home. Here he has held several positions of promin-
ence, being a member of the City Council for two terms and
at present a member of the State Board of Equalization. He
is a large owner of and dealer in realty and is a good man to
have in any community.

SOME NOTABLE WOMEN.

A FEW OF THE NAMES THAT ADORN THE
PAGES OF OUR HISTORY.

THIS department ought to be one of the longest and most
comprehensive in the book, instead of being the briefest.
The roll of Utah women who have contributed a full share
toward making the State what it is and promises to be, is a
long and altogether splendid one; some of these have pre-
viously herein been mentioned in an incidental yet none the
less impressive way, while a few have received special men-
tion in relation to their public stations. It is deemed proper
to single out a few from the many who, apart from such
station, have "done the State some service," and, by the labor
of their minds and hands, have made themselves conspicuous
in the commonwealth's annals, these being types representa-
tive of all the grand array, none the less grand because neces
sarily Abbreviated here.

MRS. JANE S. RICHARDS.

AMONG the notable women who have done so much by
their faith and works to make Utah's fame enduring in the
annals of time, no name is more deservedly conspicuous than
that which heads this article. She is a native of the Empire

504

UTAH AS IT IS.

State, her birthplace being Pamelia, Jefferson County, the
date, January 31, 1823. The parents' names were Isaac and
Louisa C. Snyder, both New Englanders, of excellent social
standing and good attainments. The family were living in
Canada when the faith of the Latter-day Saints reached
them, and it was at once embraced by all, except the subject
of this article and her brother Jesse, The family set out for
Missouri, to join the persecuted people with whom they had

connected themselves, but
they were required to re-
main at La Porte, Indiana,
for two years, to render
assistance to the Elders.
The girl, then but seventeen,
was attacked by a paralytic
affliction, which brought her
to the brink of the grave.
She then accepted the Gos
pel, and underwent t h e
severe ordeal of being bap-
tized in an opening made in
the thick ice of Lake
La Porte. She was im-
mediately healed, and has
ever since been a staunch
Latter-day Saint. Six
months later, she met Elder

(afterwards Apostle) Franklin D. Richards, a missionary,
who was entertained at the Snyder residence, and about a
year later jecame his wife, the date of marriage being De-
cember 18, 1842. Taking up their residence at Nauvoo,
where, on December 2, 1844, their first child (Wealthy
Lovisa) was born, they participated in many of the heart-
breaking persecutions of their people. On June u, 1846.
the little family, equipped with an old wagon, drawn by oxen,
and so much of provisions and utensils as were necessary, set

MRS. JANE S. RICHARDS.

SOME NOTABLE WOMEN. 505

their faces toward the West, and after a most rigorous jour-
ney camped at Sugar Creek, Iowa, where the wife again be-
came a mother, this time of a son, but he died at birth. The
sorrows of the situation were unsoothed by the husband, he
having two weeks previously started on a mission, to pro-
claim his faith to the people of England. Think of such ex-
periences! The mother, suffering and helpless, in a rude
wagon, a long way from civilization, her newly born babe
dead upon her breast, the husband and father a thousand
miles away, bearing a message of peace and salvation 10 the
human family! Soon after, upon her arrival at Winter Quar-
ters, her little daughter, Wealthy, died.

In due course of time, and after untold hardships, the
family reached the land of gathering — Utah. Under the rude
and primitive conditions then and for some time after pre-
vailing, the progress made toward securing comfortable
homes was slow, but it was sure. Piece by piece the stren-
uous situation gave way to better things, and at last, "all was
well with the Saints." After a residence of several years in
Salt Lake City, during which the husband and father filled
another mission in England, the family moved to Ogden,
where he had been chosen to preside, by appointment
of President Young, and where Mrs. Richards took up
and carried forward her great work in the Relief Societies.
Though not desirous of publicity and in anything but good
health, she devoted much of her time to visiting the branches
of the Stake organization, of which she became President in
1877, having five years previously been called to the head of
the Ogden society. Her health improving, her efforts in-
creased in extent and effectiveness. But her labors were not
confined to Weber Bounty, nor even to Utah, but took on a
broader and more comprehensive scope. She was for many
years counselor to Mrs. Zina D. Young, the President of al
the Relief Societies, and was also Vice-President of the Na-
tional Relief Society. She made frequent trips east and
west, always making influential acquaintances, creating fa-

506 UTAH AS IT IS.

vorable impressions, and doing much good tor the cause of the
people generally and women particularly. She became
intimately acquainted with such women of world-wide
renown as Susan B. Anthony (who was very much at-
tached to her), Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Belva A. Lock-
wood. She attended many national gatherings, where her
work and her personality made lasting impressions.

On December 9, 1899, the crowning sorrow of her life
befell her, in the death of her honored husband, whose career
is elsewhere briefly set out in this volume.

Mrs. Richards in the mother of three living children:
Hon. Franklin S. Richards, Mrs. Josephine Richards West
and Hon. Charles C. Richards, her third son, Lorenzo M.
Richards, having died at the age of twenty-six years. He
was a talented young man, of exceptional business ability and
pleasant address. He left a charming wife and daughter,
who are now respected citizens of Ogden.

Through the efforts of Mrs. Richards, an elegent, com-
modious meeting house, for the Relief Societies of Weber
Stake, has been erected in Ogden; here, conferences are held
and refreshments are provided for those who attend, all com-
ers being made welcome. The house was finished and paid for,
with its equipment, and dedicated on July 19, 1902, that day
being the twenty-fifth anniversary of the organization of the
Weber Stake Relief Society by President Brigham Young,
and that Society being the first Stake Relief Society organ-
ized in the Church.

MRS. CHESTER E. COULTER.

MRS. COULTER is best known to Utah people, perhaps,
through her association with club work and membership in
the Legislature. She has been prominently connected with
the principal women's clubs of Ogden, in which city she has

SOME NOTABLE WOMEN.

507

resided during the past eleven years, and, more recently, was
elected to the presidency of the Utah State Federation of
Women's Clubs. Mrs. Coulter's intellectual gifts and charm
of personal presence brought her into prominence in the club
with which she is connected, the appreciation of both being

shown by her election, twice
over, to the presidency of
the Aglaia Club, the chief lit-
erary society of Ogden,arid,
later, to the highest office
in the State Federation.
Her attainments have not
been limited to club lines.
A native of Illinois, she
graduated, in 1878, from
the High School at Mt. Car-
roll, in that State, and after-
ward from the Northwest-
ern College, in 1880. She
spent three years studying
in the literary and law de-
partments of the University
of Michigan, and received
the degree of LL.B. from that institution in 1885. In the
same year, she was admitted to the Supreme Court of
Michigan and to the Supreme Court of Illinois. While pur-
suing her studies, she was teacher and tutor, at intervals,
during her high school, college and university life. After
her marriage, she came to Utah, where she has resided con-
tinuously since 1888. In 1897, she attended the summer
lectures at her alma mater, and pursued special lines of study
in the large libraries of the East. She says: "Notwithstand-
ing a natural tendency toward books, rather than society, I
am vitally interested in the progress of women and that
of the world in general. I am almost a fanatic on the
subject of home, and think woman can achieve the most sat-

MRS. CHESTER E. COUNTER.

508 U1AH AS II IS.

isfactory results in this field. Perfected social conditions,
however, will favor woman's independence as to vocation,
since many women are illy calculated for motherhood and
home-making, and for such, as far as happiness and welfare
of the race go, it were better they should seek usefulness in
other spheres of action."

In the election of 1902 Mrs. Coulter was chosen to the
lower house, being the only woman in the fifth Legislature,
She was appointed to the most important chairmanship — the
judiciary — and in that and all other capacities made an en-
viable record.

Mrs. Coulter is the wife of Dr. Chester E. Coulter, one
of Ogden's successful physicians. She has traveled exten-
sively in the United States, and also in Canada, the West
Indies and South America, and has resided in Illinois, Mich-
igan, California and Utah.

MRS. EMILY S. RICHARDS.

•

AMONG the grand array of Utah women, whose names
and fame stand out conspicuously and honorably before the
people of the enlightened world, there is none more de-
servedly prominent or worthily praised than the one whose
name heads this chapter. Her nativity and the circumstances
surrounding her early career were strikingly suggestive of
those of many of the heroines of the Revolution, whose deeds
have shed unfading lustre upon American achievement, from
the dawn of freedom down to its fullest fruition. The people
were sorely pressed in fighting stubborn and slowly yielding
nature, as well as many of the creations of nature, when th
subject of this sketch appeared upon the scene, the time being
May 13, 1850, and the place, South Cottonwood, Salt Lake
County. She had the advantage of an ancestry whose lives
were so thoroughly imbedded in principle and consecrated
to the accomplishment of righteous purposes, that hardships,

SOME NOTABLE WOMEN.

509

dangers, travail and toil served but to make them more stead-
fast and loyal, and, under such influences, their daughter
could not grow up otherwise than she has grown, with a
mind well balanced between temporal and spiritual things,
a heart inclining ever to the right, and a hand always ready
to execute the promptings of her nature. Like many another
family of that noble band of Pioneers, hers had known wealth,

comfort and refining in-
fluences which these with
education and good dispos-
itions bring; that the indur-
ating experiences through
which they passed in settling
Utah and laying the founda-
tion stones of a great com-
monwealth were not suffi-
cient to eradicate the genial
effects of the earlier years,
is shown not only in their
own persons, but in that of
the one concerning whom
these lines are written. In
December, 1868. the culmina-
tion of the young life
romance, which ever means

so much for weal or woe to the race, occurred — she became
the wife of one of her former schoolmates, Franklin S. Rich-
ards, who is fully mentioned elsewhere. It proved a happy
and prosperous union. Soon after marriage they made their
home in Ogden, which proved to be also the home of a great
reputation for both.

Mrs. Richards' career, as a notable and capable worker
in the cause of woman's advancement, began soon after her
arrival in Ogden, when she received an appointment as
assistant secretary of the Female Relief Society; she then be-
came President of the Young Ladies' Mutual Improvement

MRS. EMII.Y S. RICHARDS.

510 UTAH AS IT IS.

Association, and Vice-President of the county organization.
During a long term, she made occasional visits East, in com-
pany with her husband, and attended many gatherings of
women, gaining much information of benefit to the cause in
which she was engaged. In 1888 she was a delegate to the
International Council of allied organizations, the sessions of
which continued for a week. A delegation from Utah, in
the interest of Statehood, was then in Washington, and "our
peculiar institutions" were receiving unusual attention there-
by. At this juncture. Mrs. Richards succeeded in making a
broad, wide mark, a portion of the details of which were thus
in one of the local papers:

There was an ominous pause in the mighty throng when it was an-
nounced from the platform by the presiding officer that the Utah delegate
would address them. Soon a lady appeared, moving forward among the
throng oti the rostrum, and taking her place beside the narrow reading desk.
What an apparition! It was not a feminine Boanerges, not an Amazon, but a
delicate, refined Jady, trembling slightly under the scrutinizing gaze of the
multitude, yet reserved, self possessed, dignified, and as pure and sweet as
an angel Her appearance was a powerful antithesis to their preconceived
impressions, and the change of feeling in the audience was a- most instan-
taneous. The lady's voice began its utterances on a scale of gently tremu-
lous pathos, and without rising into high pitch, its tenderness sub lued every
whisper until its words reached every ear in the auditory The tenor of the
address was what might have been expected by Utah people, an orderly,
scholarly presentation, su h as would serve to recite facts and principles and
disarm prejudice. It was not the words themselves, but the gentle
spirit that, like the morning dawn, went with the words, and carried winning
grace to every heart. It was wonderful how sympathies were engmdered
and asperities removed When the ladv concluded, alter half an hour's
reading, there was many a moist eye, and many a listener felt thankful that
this lovtly apparition had given them a new, more refreshing and more
kindly impression of Utah people and institutions. It was the mighty force
of the gentle sunlight that unlocks the iceberg from its moorings and sets it
afloat upon the broad ocean.

At the same gathering a president and vice-president
were appointed to organize suffrage associations in Utah,
Mrs. Richards being assigned to the latter but attaining to
the former position through the refusal of the appointee to
act. The work was successfully carried out.

SOME N01ABLE WOMEN. 511

In 1893, Mrs. Richards was appointed President of the
Utah Board of Lady Managers for the Chicago World's Fair,
and a daily paper of that city had the following very com-
plimentary mention of her and her associates:

All of the Mormon delegates are fine-looking women. It is said that
Utah will rival Kentucky in its pretty women if you only give twenty-five
years in which to enjoy the advantages that have only recently been extend-
ed to them.

The President of the World's Fair Board of Lady Managers from Utah
is a handsome woman, Utahn by birth, but of New York descent. She is
Emily S. Richards, wife of Franklin S. Richards, a lawyer of Salt Lake City,
who achieved distinction in the law and has argued some very important
cases before the Supreme Court of the United States^

Not even in metropolitan New York and cultured Massachusetts can the
superior of Mrs. Richards be found in originality of work and independence
of thought.

Mrs. Richards prepared the memorial and led the vic-
torious campaign for equal suffrage at the time of our Consti-
tutional Convention, the President of the Society, Mrs. Wells,
being absent in Washington. She was elected an alternate
to the Democratic National Convention at Chicago in 1896,
which nominated William Jennings Bryan for President. She
was also appointed a national organizer of suffrage associa-
tions, and spent several weeks in Idaho working for equal
suffrage in that State.

Many important positions have been held by Mrs. Rich-
ards, she being Trustee of the Agricultural College of Utah;
member of the Board of Directors of the Salt Lake City Free
Library; Director of the National Relief Society; Director of
the Orphans' Home; President of the Mothers' Congress;
Vice-President of the Press Club; member of the Board of
Directors of the Woman's Club, and President of the Utah
State Council of Women, which she represented at Washing-
ton during the recent suffrage convention.

It would be unnecessary as well as requiring a great
amount of space to give in detail all of Mrs. Richards' labors
and achievements in behalf of the cause. To her more than
to any other woman belongs the honor of having equal

512 U1AH AS IT IS.

suffrage made an integral part of the State Constitution, and
she has figured otherwise in politics. Two of her sons are
in the front rank of our rising jurists, being members of
the United States Supreme and other courts. She loves her
family, rejoices in the friendship of her friends and has no
enemies. Always generous, well appearing, with a smile for
everyone and a countenance regular and comely, looking
quite a decade younger than her age, invariably busy and un-
failingly accomplishing things, Mrs. Richards' life story is not
yet told by many years.

MRS. EMMELINE B. WELLS.

OF PURITAN descent, and the best of antecedents, Mrs.
Wells is a type of a class worthy of great consideration, even
as she herself, without reference to ancestry, is altogether
worthy. Her maiden name was Emmeline Blanche Wood-
ward and she was born at Petersham, Worcester County,
Mass. Her family was of Norman extraction and came from
England as far back as 1630, and was plentifully represented
in the great struggle for American independence. She was
given the best education obtainable at the time, and so fast
did she advance that at the age of fifteen she was imparting
scholastic training to others. Undoubtedly she had experiences
not greatly at variance with those of other young people of
the New England States, but, as the sequel has shown, she
had a spiritual heart and when the time came for its develop-
ment the subject was ready, notwithstanding her youth and
comparative inexperience. The foundation was properly laid,
and after some little experience along gospel lines, accom-
panied no doubt by some little parental influence, she was
baptized into the Mormon Church on March i, 1842 —
a cold day and a trying time, but she carried it through
successfully and has borne out in the best possible manner

SOME NOTABLE WOMEN. 513

all the duties and responsibilities resulting from the cere-
mony. On July 29, 1843, she was united in marriage to
James H. Harris, her age being less than fifteen and
one-half years. After participating in many of the hard-
ships and perils of that trying period, among which were
the death of her first child on October 6, 1844, anc^ the.
apostasy of her husband and his family, she joined in the ex-
odus of her people, having in the meantime become the wife
of Bishop N..K. Whitney. She was among those expelled
by the mob from Nauvoo, and finally reached Salt Lake
valley in October, 1848. The experiences following were of
a piece with many that are recounted herein and can be
summed up in the one word — harrowing. Two other
children (subsequently Mrs. S. W. Sears and Mrs. W. W.
Woods) were born to her and in September, 1850, her hus-
band died. She taught school and got along as best she
could, and in October, 1852, was married to Gen. D. H.
Wells, that Roman of modern times who has often been
mentioned in these pages; by this marriage she had three
daughters — Emmeline, Elizabeth A. (now Mrs. John Q.
Cannon) and Martha Louise.

Mrs. Wells has all along been much inclined toward
poetry and literature, being a great contributor to the current
publications. She has been editor of the Woman's Exponent
since 1875, nas steadily been active in woman's relief work
and quite a factor in politics, being a member of the Repub-
lican State Committee. She is still vigorous and sprightly
and bids fair to live many years yet, which certainly all who
know her will cheerfully hope for.

MRS. ELIZABETH C. PIXTON.

A PIONEER in the front rank and a grand woman is Mrs.
Pixtpn. She was born at Chesterfield, England, on Febru-

514

UTAH AS IT IS.

ary 8, 1819. She was the daughter of John and Charlotte
Cooper, and when six years of age her mother died. Living
with her father until they moved to Manchester, she was
taken and cared for by her Aunt Mary Rigby. At the age
of nineteen she was married to Robert Pixton. She re-
mained in England for two years :md had two children, Char-
lotte and George, the latter dying the day of his birth. In
December, 1843, she came to America [and joined her hus-
band on Island 21, in Arkan-
sas. Here they remained
-until the following spring,
when they moved to Nau-
voo with Thomas Silcock
and wife.

Mrs. Pixton was in
Nauvoo at the time of the
martyrdom of Joseph and
Hyrum Smith and heard the
Prophet announce that he
was ''going like a lamb to
the slaughter." Living in
Nauvoo until the exodus,
the family then traveled to-
wards "the promised land"
until Mr. Pixton was called
to go to Mexico with the
Mormon Battalion. Mrs. Pixton yoked and unyoked her own
ox-team all the way to Salt Lake valley, traveling as one of five
wagons in President Young's company, with only her five-
year-old girl as wagon companion. The company arrived in
Salt Lake valley, September 7, 1848.

Subsequently the responsibility of their large family
rested upon her shoulders nearly all the time, her husband
being for many years engaged in the missionary field. Mrs.
Pixton and four of her children now live at Taylorsville. She

MRS. ELIZABETH C.

SOME NOTABLE WOMEN.

515

has almost one hundred descendants, one among the number
being a great-great-grandson.

MRS. E. L. H. PEERY.

ONE of the best and most favorably known women of
Ogden particularly and Utah generally, is Elizabeth Letitia

Higginbotham Peery, wife
of the late David H. Peery,
a sketch and portrait of
whom appears elsewhere.
Mrs. Peery is one of the few
who had the honor of enter-
ing this life at the headquar-
ters of the Mormon Church,
historic Nauvoo, the time
being a most tempestuous
one — January 13, 1846.
When two years old she
was taken to Virginia and
lived there until eighteen
years of age, when she
came to Utah with her
mother and brothers, this
being in 1864. Her marriage
took place at Hollidayburg, Salt Lake County, on April 10,
1865. She is the mother of seven sons and three daughters,
two of the latter having died in infancy. Ogden has been
her home for many years.

MRS. E. I,, H. PEERY.

DR. NELL C. BROWN.

THIS popular lady practitioner, whose specialty is hair
treatment, is a native of Salt Lake City, where she was
born May 10, 1872. She is the daughter of General H. B.
Clawson and Mrs. Emily Y. Clawson, and is a grand-

516

UTAH AS 11 IS.

daughter, on her mother's side, of the great Pioneer leader,
President Brigham Young. As a child she attended the
local public, schools, and at the age of fifteen entered Kiel's
Business College, San Francisco, returning later to Salt Lake
City. At nineteen she was married to the late Leigh R. Brown,
to whom she bore a son and two daughters — the eldest twins,
boy and girl. Her husband died December 5, 1899. Mrs.
Brown then went to San Francisco, and studied under Dr.

DR. NELL C. BROWN.

E. E. McLean, the leading hair physician of the West. In-
genious, tactful and quick to learn, she made rapid progress
in her chosen profession, and by her personal magnetism and
winning ways gained many friends. After graduating she
came back home and opened offices in the Templeton, where
her patrons became so numerous that she was compelled to
seek more commodious quarters. Her present establishment
— 23 West Third South Street — is the largest of its kind be-
tween New York and San Francisco.

It is a pleasant task to make mention in these pages,

SOME NOTABLE WOMEN.

517

among Utah's self-made men. a few of her self-made women,
a splendid array, conspicuous among whom is Dr. Brown.
The phenomenal success attending her industry and persever-
ance is the best tribute that can be offered to the practical
side of this wide-awake, intelligent little woman, whose good-
ness of heart, vivacious disposition, womanly qualities and
attractive ways have lost nothing by reason of her busy
labors in the arena of life's realities.

MRS. W. H. JONES.

THIS well-known resident of Salt Lake City was born in
Ontario, Canada, on October 17, 1853. Notwithstanding

her birthplace, she is en-
titled to rank as a native
American, her parents being
such at the time of her birth.
She was educated in the
public schools of Canada
and in a convent at Ogdens-
burg, N. Y. She was
united to her present hus-
band— a prominent and pros-
perous mining and stock-
man of Salt Lake City —
on April 5. 1871, in New
York, and soon after they
came to Utah and have lived
here ever since. Mrs. Jones
has been quite active in
political affairs and some-
what noted in social and re-
ligious circles. She was

Treasurer of the State League of Republican Clubs; President
of the Women's Relief Corps for six years, (which position
she still holds;) President of the Women's Republican Club
for three years, and was an alternate to the Republican Na-

MRS. W. H. JONES.

518

U1AH AS U IS.

tional Convention of 1900, which nominated McKinley and
Roosevelt, being the only lady from Utah to hold such a
position; she is also President of the Methodist Church
Society.

Mrs. Jones is tall, well appearing and highly accom-
plished. She is an effective worker in all the lines named and
is quite popular without regard to religious or political differ-
ences, her list of friends and acquaintances being very exten-
sive and embracing all shades of opinion.

MRS. ELIZABETH A. HAYWARD.

AMONG the prominent women who have become so not
only through their womanly qualities and their motherhood

in this glorious State, but also
because of their active par-
ticipation and achievements
in public affairs, few are bet-
ter known or entitled to more
general recognition than the
one above named. She was
born in Salt Lake City, De-
cember 23, 1854, being the
daughter of Philip and Mar-
tha Pugsley, who rank
among the Pioneers, having
come to Utah in September,
1853. and were among our
best known and most re-
spected citizens. The sub-
ject of this sketch achieved
her present name by mar-
MRS. ELIZABETH A. HAYWARD. riage, on December 23, 1875,

to Henry J. Hayward, the head of the Salt Lake Building
and Manufacturing Company.

Mrs. Hayward has contributed nine children to the pop-
ulation of the State and has performed a wide measure of

SOME NOTABLE WOMEN.

519

womanly duties otherwise. She has taken an active interest
in politics, having been a member of the Woman's Demo-
cratic Club since its organization, immediately after State-
hood. She was assistant Secretary for one year, Secretary
for two years, then President for the years 1902 and 1903.
She was also President of the Parents' Club of the Washing-
ton school district, for the years 1901 to 1903, and is a mem-
ber of the Library Board of Salt Lake City. She has an
extensive acquaintance throughout the State and is greatly
respected wherever known. She will undoubtedly be heard
from as the times advance.

MRS. E. J. D. ROUNDY.

THIS well-known lady whose full name is Elizabeth
Jefford Drake Roundy, is a native of England, her birthplace

being Axminst^r, Devon-
shire, the time, March 16,
1830. Her father and
mother were George M.
and Hannah Jefford Drake,
the former being a descend-
ant of Sir William and Sir
Francis Drake. The child
was orphaned at the age of
ten by the death of her
father and her mother being
an invalid her path was
not strewn with roses. She
was raised in the Episcopal
church, but soon discovered
that its practices did not
comport with her reading of
Scripture, and this led to m-
MRS. E. j. D. ROUNDY. vestigation. Going to Lon-

don, she attended, in 1851, a
meeting of Latter-day Saints and then heard Elder Jacob

520 U1AH AS II IS. «

Gates pronounce the words she had previously received
through spiritual communication. She at once applied for
baptism and it was performed December 31, 1851. She was
at once and right along subjected to considerable ostracism,
even her mother joining in. She was married on July 13,.
1852, to Elder Henry R. Ballam, who treated her brutally
and was afterwards expelled from the Church, but was re-
admitted and a truce patched up, the terms of which were
poorly kept. Finally, in May, 1857, she set sail for America
and landed in Philadelphia July 3, 1857. She soon after gave
birth to her fourth child, a girl, two boys, the second and
third, having died.

Mrs. Roundy came to Utah in 1859, having previously
been married to Daniel Davis, a resident of Washington, D. C.,
to which place she removed in 1860 and lived there during
the war, in which her husband engaged. She obtained an
appointment in the Treasury Department, in March, 1864,
receiving $75 a month. On the presentation of the noted
Cullom anti-Mormon bill in Congress she resigned her posi-
tion and went to work for her people. She prepared a mem-
orial which was signed by 56 ladies of her acquaintance and
was presented in the House by Gen. B. F. Butler. She had
a harder time getting a hearing in the Senate, however; and
after a great deal of persistence she succeeded in confronting
the great Charles Sumner, who accorded her thirty seconds
time, which he greatly extended and ended by promising her
(after a very interesting interview) that the bill should never
leave the committee room, which it never did. He even un
bent his great dignity so far as to walk with her to the door
and told her to call on him for any assistance he could render.

Mrs. Roundy (or Davis) was a witness to a great deal
of suffering entailed by the war and did a noble work in
helping to alleviate. Returning to Utah she resumed her
field of activity in behalf of the right and has been most in-
dustriously engaged ever since. A complete record of her
achievements, in the religious, social and political field wpuld

SOME NOTABLE WOMEN.

521

be out of the question. Having secured a divorce from her
husband on the ground of drunkenness contracted while in the
army, she was married in 1897 to Bishop Jared C. Roundy,
who died in Arizona in 1897. She attended upon the poetess
Eliza R. Snow during her closing days and was very near
and dear to her, undergoing many privations to carry out the
departing woman's wishes. She is an adept in oil painting,
which she first took up when 62 years old. At the present
time she is President of the Women's Democratic Club, but
her friendships extend into all parties, creeds and conditions.

MRS. E. M. COHEN.

WELL known and highly respected in the social and
political circles of this community is Mrs. Elizabeth M.

Cohen, wife of Joseph. M.
Cohen, to whom she was
married in New York in
1878. She was also born
in that city in 1860, and
graduated with honor at the
schools there. Coming to
Utah in 1880, they lived in
Park City till 1891, when
they moved to Salt Lake
City and have resided there
ever since.

Mrs. Cohen has always
taken a great interest in
political events, but did not
engage in practical work
until the admission of Utah
into ^the Union. She then
MRS. E. M. COHEN. allied herself with the Wom-

en's Democratic Club, in
which she held various positions, including the presidency,

522 UTAH AS IT IS.'

and under her administration of the latter office the club be-
came a potent factor in local politics. Besides these, she has
been chairman of the Fortieth District Democratic Committee,
historian of the State Council of Women, President of the
Parliamentary Club and member of the Library Board. In
1900 she was the candidate of her party for the Legislature,
but it was a sweeping Republican year and she went the way
of the ticket. She has four children, the eldest being married
to a grandson of the late Apostle Orson Pratt.

Undoubtedly the most conspicuous feature of Mrs.
Cohen's political career was her election as an alternate to the
Democratic National Convention held at Kansas City that
year, becoming a full-fledged delegate through the magnan-
imous action of Robert C. Chambers. Being the first woman
who was ever thus honored in that party, she was naturally
the cynosure of all eyes from first to last. That she passed
the ordeal successfully, her self-possession and womanly
dignity never deserting her for a moment, is something of a
tribute to the women of Utah as well as herself. Nor was
her participation in the proceedings perfunctory by any
means; she was there for something else than merely looking
on and voting. When the proper time arrived Congressman
Richardson taking the floor said:

"Gentlemen of the convention: You see before you the
delegate from Utah. True to her sex, she was too modest
to present herself when her State was called. I now take
great pleasure in introducing to you Mrs. Cohen, the lady
delegate from Utah."

Mrs. Cohen responded as follows:

'<Mr. Chairman and gentlemen of the convention: On
behalf of the State of Utah, I take great pleasure in second-
ing the nomination of that grand and noble exemplar of all
that is pure and holy in political and domestic life, Hon.
William J. Bryan, and the Democrats of Utah pledge 25,000
majority for Mr. Bryan."

This was received with tumultuous applause. It should

SOME NOTABLE WOMEN. 523

be here noted that Mrs. Cohen was appointed honorary sec-
retary of the convention.

Mrs. Cohen has an attractive personality and demean-
or. She is an excellent exemplification of what was pre-
viously contended and is now generally recognized, that
women can engage in politics without sacrificing one jot of
their native modesty and dignity or neglecting their domestic
affairs in the smallest measure.

MRS. V. A. STICKNEY.

[Portrait on page 358.]

MRS. VENETIA ANNA STICKNEY, the organizer and
superintendent of the Children's Aid and Home-Finding
Association of Utah, was born April 20, 1848, in Phillips,
Maine. She was the daughter of Andrew J. and Lavina
Parker, of Scotch and English blood. Her mother died
when she was eight years old and she was largely dependent
upon her own efforts for an education. In childhood ^he re-
solved to become a school teacher; many obstacles seemed
to hinder her progress, yet she courageously grappled with
her studies. While others wasted their time she studied, and
when 16 years old she taught her first district school in her
native township.

She married John H. Stickney, moved to Minnesota and
became mother of four children. Her husband died in
Minneapolis in 1875, leaving her with three children aged
two, six and eight years. Again she entered the schoolroom
for a living and continued to teach for eleven years; seven
years of this time she taught in the public schools of Minne-
apolis, Minnesota. Her beautiful children, which were her
life aqd hope, were taken away one by one until tfye last one.

524 UTAH AS IT IS. >

then a noble man 22 years old, was instantly killed in a rail-
road accident, and she was all alone. In her great, crushing
sorrow, while the heart ached and bled for home and the loved
ones, her affections went out to others. Even while she was
weak from her own suffering, she stretched forth her hands
to the needy in her locality, giving her time and personal
efforts to the sick and sorrowing ones within her reach. She
was a constant worker in mission work and Sunday schools
for years while teaching in day school. All forms of rescue
work in Minneapolis have been aided by her work and humble
means.

In 1892 she attended the Bible Institute in Chicago, 111.,
and did Sunday school mission work at the same time. In
• 1893 she was called to St. Louis to take charge of Bethesda
Maternity Hospital, and while there her health became so im-
paired she retired from public work for saveral years. She
afterwards went to California for her health and there entered
"home-finding" work with the American Home-Finding As-
sociation of the Pacific Coast. She was in this position when
the Scofield disaster occurred. Through correspondents in
Salt Lake City and Scofield, she was urged to come to Utah
to arrange a home-finding work here. She responded to
this call and reached Salt Lake in May, 1900. With the aid
of the Christian workers the Society was organized May 29th,
1900, as the American Home-Finding Association of Utah, a
branch of the California work. Tw.o years later the work
became independent of the mother society and afterwards in-
corporated as the Children's Aid and Home-Finding Associa-
tion of Utah. The aim and object of this work is to preserve,
on a patriotic basis, the home life, by placing each homeless
one with a select family, where love and adoption makes the
lone one a member of the family receiving it. Through Mrs.
Stickney's efforts a bill for protecting dependent children
was framed, the same passing both houses of the Utah Legis-
lature in 1903 without a negative vote.

The hearts of the people of Utah are ever open to a,

SOME NOTABLE WOMEN.

525

homeless child and this grand work is meeting with the
approval it deserves.

MRS. J. FEWSON SMITH.

THIS well-known member of Salt Lake society was
born in Liverpool, England, in March, 1832. She descended
from an ancient Norman-French line on her father's side.
She was liberally educated in England and Germany and re-
ceived Mormonism in April,
1851; was married and
came to Utah in May, 1862,
arriving here the fall of the
same year. At the sugges-
tion of President Young,
she engaged in teaching the
following year. When the
cause of woman suffrage
was introduced here she im-
mediately identified herself
therewith, having learned
the doctrine of "equal
rights" and the art of cam-
paigning and vote-getting
in her childhood's home.
She cannot recall the time
when, at elections-, she did
not Wear the badge of her
father's party; she therefore

became an earnest and zealous worker. When Statehood
came to Utah she, as ;i whole-souled Democrat, united her-
self with that party and was promptly made a member of the
executive committee of her precinct as well as chairman of
her district, which position she held until failing health de-
manded her release. She was the first vice-chairman of the
first State convention held after Statehood, and served in the

MRS. J. FEWSON SMITH.

526 U1AH AS II IS.

same capacity still later, once in the judiciary convention.

Though much pressed to run for office Mrs. Smith ever
stoutly declined, on the ground that she religiously believed
in the divine right of man to lead and direct, with woman
a close second, to pick up the reins when from neglect or any
other cause he should allow them to drop. But she was
ever an active member of the important "third house" of the
Legislature, where she managed to do some good work; for
instance, she was instrumental in getting, with the aid of Rep-
resentative Mrs. Coulter and Senator McKay, a resolution en-
dorsing woman suffrage, the first attempt of the kind made
in the State. The social club work does not appeal strongly
to her; in her judgment, it is carried to excess; but is heartily
in accord with the mother's work, being a member of the
Mother's Federation and President of the Longfellow branch.

When the "Utah State Council of Women" was organ-
ized, she was elected recording and corresponding secretary,
from which position she has recently retired. Her most
cherished work is that of the Children's Aid and Home Find-
ing Association of Utah, of which she is a member of the
board of directors, a work well worthy the earnest attention
of all interested in the rescue of fallen humanity. She was
the first-born child of Elder Joseph V. Vernon, one of the five
members of Utah's ill-fated Pioneer Manufacturing Company,
who came from Liverpool in 1852, bringing valuable machin-
ery for the manufacture of sugar. In company with Taylor,
Collins, Coward and Brown, he sought to establish that use-
ful industry here even at that early date, bringing with them
their own money for investment; but not finding things pro-
pitious they became discouraged and finally 'gave it all up.

FOUNDERS AND BUILDERS.

TYPES OF THE GRAND ARRAY THAT HAS
MADE UTAH WHAT IT IS.

WOULD that it were possible to measure the length,
breadth and consequence of the wondrous work
wrought by those who are presented herein and their fellows
in founding and building! Such a consummation in such
shape and within such compass as would enable one to com-
prehend it in its fullness, would be a marvel of our time or of
any time. The reader who has followed patiently the
chapters of this book from the beginning to this point, will
need but the succeeding portion to give him as thorough an
understanding regarding the subject as it is possible to im-
part; and having achieved so much, even though the achieve-
ment as a whole be far from full-orbed, is something to be
thankful for.

The work of building up so nobly begun and persist-
ently carried on by the first settlers and those who came
later, spoken of extensively in previous chapters, was by no
means fully treated therein nor has it ever been done or, as
stated, is it possible to do it; but while no one can succeed
entirely, each one who essays the task can do the most of
which he is capable and add something, perhaps considerable,
to what already exists as a record. This undoubtedly has
been done in most if not all instances. The builders are a

528 UTAH AS IT IS.

much more extensive and comprehensive class than that of
the Pioneers, embracing as it does not only the beginners but
all who have come subsequently and made Utah their home,
these containing a representation of pretty much "all nations,
kindreds, tongues and people" — men and women of all shades
of opinion and every phase of belief. Without drawing
such lines of distinction, and looking only to what each has
done to upbuild Utah, this department is compiled and
presented.

WILLIAM S. GODBE.

CONSPICUOUS among the men through whose sagacity,
perseverance and, at times, courage, the 45th State has been
pushed to a lofty place among the great industrial and pro-
ductive centres of the world, is the gentleman (now deceased)
whose portrait appears herewith. He was a native of Eng-
land but came to the United States at the early age of ten
years, and subsequently having become a convert to the
Mormon faith he settled in Salt Lake City, where he soon
became engaged in commercial enterprises. He established
the first drug store that was ever seen between the Missouri
and Sacramento rivers, and it is still in existence, though it
has been in other hands for some 25 years, Mr. Godbe hav-
ing withdrawn about that long ago. At that time he turned
his whole attention to mining and milling, with which he had
previously been connected to some considerable extent, and
he became one of the best known and most active workers
in those industries.

While Mr. Godbe led a life of unsurpassed activity, it
has not at all times been free from drawbacks ot a more or
less serious character. While Utah was in the measurably
quiescent condition which preceded the advent of the Union
Pacific railroad there was but little occasion or opportunity

FOUNDERS AND BUILDERS.

529

for friction, and, so far as relates to him, none at all. But
the laying of the first iron rail upon our soil marked the be-
ginning of a new era in which he was destined to play an
important part. New conditions and strange circumstances

were ushered in.
The mining in-
dustry was begin-
ning to assume
important propor-
tions and the na-
tional h i gh w ay
gave it an irresist-
ble f or war d
movement. Mr.
Godbe recogniz-
ing with unerring
intuition that the
first few drops of
water from the
great volume had
crept across the
dyke and that at
once the flood
would f o 1 1 o w ?
sweeping every-
thing before it,
prepared to adjust
himself and his
affairs, to the coming commercial tide. In the Utah Maga-
zine, of which he was the chief owner and one of the editors,
the unrestricted and systematic opening and working of the
mineral resources even then known to be very great, was ad-
vocated with fearless and able persistence. That such a
policy should meet with opposition seems, in the light of ex-
isting conditions, to be almost inexplicable, but so it was,
many of his frhends and associates holding to the belief that

S. GODBE.

530 UTAH AS IT IS.

his action was premature. He maintained his course, how-
ever, and while he never resumed his former affiliations, he
retained to the end the good will and respect of those from
whose religious brotherhood circumstances had compelled
him to withdraw. After some time, and many years before
his death, mining ceased to be a proscribed occupation and
was engaged in by all classes.

Extensive as were Mr. Godbe's operations in Utah, his
labors were not confined to this commonwealth b}- any
means. In Nevada he carried on mining and milling to an
extent that has placed him in the front rank of the many en-
terprising men of that class. He but recently effected a sale
of his interests there for a very large figure, and was plan-
ning other large transactions when sickness overtook him
and held him in its grasp until August i, 1902, when he
quietly passed to the other shore, leaving a multitude of
friends and not one enemy.

Mr. Godbe was a profound thinker, a thorough inves-
tigator and had a mind well stored with the learning of his
own and other days. He was a hne speaker and a writer
equaled by but few, being also a poet of recognized ability
and extensive reputation. His word was his bond, his bus-
iness contracts were sacred obligations, and he sought to live
on terms of peace and good will with all mankind.

MOSES THATCHER.

IN THE long and gratifying list of names which have be-
come conspicuous at home and abroad by reason of superior
faculties properly trained and directed, Utah takes especial
rank. No commonwealth had a beginning more inauspicious;
as is shown in the proper places in this book, the necessity
for producing material things was the first consideration, scho-
lastic culture following as rapidly as hard circumstances

FOUNDERS AND BUILDERS.

531

would permit But it did follow, in fact it was never lost
sight of, those who were at the head realizing that education
must accompany all other forms of development and adding

as rapidly to what was first
established in the way of
schools as possible. No
matter as to the begin-
nings, let us look at
results. There is no finer
school system in any State
than that of Utah, nor a
larger proportionate school
attendance, and this has
been the case for years;
the growth was for a long
time measurably slow, but it
has been steady and acquired
increased momentum as it
went along, and it eventua-
ted the University of Des-
eret (now Utah,) where the
gentleman whose portrait appears above received his graduat-
ing course, his preliminary studies having been previously
attended to with care.

Mr. Thatcher has attained eminence not only as an ex-
ponent of his faith and a diplomatic agent for his Church, but
in the field of politics he has been a bright and shining light.
As in everything else, he has not rested upon a mere super-
ficial knowledge of political systems, but has made a thorough
study of the philosophy and practical workings of our and
other national structures, such as, with his great rhetorical gifts^
have made him altogether fit to occupy the lofty station for
which he has twice been named and to which he was once
within two votes of being chosen, the U. S. Senatorship.
This was in the famous struggle in the Utah Legislature of
1897; fifty-four ballots were taken and Mr. Thatcher's vote

MOSES THATCHER.

532 UTAH AS IT IS.

steadily increased to the last, when it was 30, at which point
the opposition effected a coalition and with the aid of one
Republican vote he was defeated. This contest is elsewhere
set out at length. The result was more of a blow to his
supporters and friends than it was to himself, but of course,
having been the choice of the majority of his party and not
having forced himself into a candidacy, he had the right to
regard the unexpected if not unjust outcome with feelings the
reverse of pleasurable.

Mr. Thatcher has held several public stations, among
them being for several terms a member of the Territorial
Legislature, where he showed such a natural aptitude for
law-making that he was a recognized leader. As a public
speaker he has but few equals, and on all occasions he can
command a following that any man might be proud of. He
has reached the point of life at which his faculties are
matured without being impaired, and the legion of friends by
whom he is surrounded confidently look forward to the time
when the State will avail itself of his talents and capabilities
in a loftier political station than any he has yet filled.

NATHAN TANNER.

SOME men's lives are a history of the cause they repre-
sent, and by publication become a landmark indicative of the
passing of the race and characteristics of the age in which
they occur. One of these is father Nathan Tanner, frontiers-
man, pathfinder, Pioneer, colonizer and builder, but above and
beyond all, a true humanitarian and a devout Christian. He
is a son of John and Lydia Stuart Tanner, and was born in
Greenwich, Washington County, New York, on May 14, 1815,
just after the battle of Waterloo. His early life was spent
amid domestic circumstances on his father's farm, and when
only sixteen years of age, he was baptized into the Mormon

FOUNDERS AND BUILDERS.

533

Church, whereby he is now the oldest living member so far
as known. He obtained as much schooling as could be had
in those primitive times, and in 1833, went to Kirtland, Ohio,

and became associated with
the Prophet Joseph, with
whom, in the following year,
he made ihe trip from Zion's
Camp to Missouri, and be-
came thoroughly acquainted
with him. During that time
of awful travail for the peo-
ple, Elder Tanner was a
good Samaritan in practice
and precept, his works and
teachings being of great
value to them. (At this
latter place he w;is acting in
the commissary department.)
In 1836, being then
twenty years old, he went
on a mission to the Eastern
States, which he satisfac-
torily filled, and while so

laboring at Bolton, New York, became the husband of
Rachel Winter Smith, and in the fall of that year returned to
Kirtland with numerous converts. During the mobbings and
maraudings in Missouri and Illinois, Elder Tanner was nearly
always in evidence. His love for the people and their lead-
ers was ever superior to selfish considerations, and no peril
was too great, no sacrifice too trying, to make him shrink
from standing in the breech, whenever, by so doing, others
could be protected. His life, his property and his sacred
honor were all and almost always on the altar. He gathered
up the homeless, sheltered the refugees, was a father to the
fatherless atod a helper to all in need. The mobs at various
times sought to "bluff" him, but being a man of unflinching

NATHAN TANNER.

534 U1AH AS II IS.

courage and of unusual physical strength, their efforts in that
direction never succeeded; he was always ready for them, and,
finding him out. they soon let him alone. His prowess was
not long questioned or opposed by fair means.

The military came to Far West during the time spoken
of and without process took Joseph and Hyrum Smith and
Sidney Kigdon away "for counsel," as was said, but in reality
for other purposes, as was partly shown by the words of the
commanding officer. General <^lark, in ordering the people to
leave — "Your leaders have gone into the hands of the
authorities, and you will never again see them alive. Their
doom is sealed, the die is cast." Mr. Tanner's father had
been cut across the skull by Captain Odell and disabled for
some time, and the only way for the Saints to avoid annihila-
tion was to turn over their property and leave the State
within the brief time granted. The deeds were all prepared
ready for signature and acknowledgment. Mr. Tanner,
with a file of gleaming bayonets confronting him, was asked
by the notary public: "Do you solemnly swear that you do
this act freely and voluntarily?" The victim replied: "Do
you see these bayonets here ready to be stuck in me?
Does it look as if it was freely and voluntarily?" At this
he received a blow in the side from the butt of a musket and
knew nothing until several hours later when he found him-
self among his people some distance away, who had supposed
him dead. "Vengeance is mine," saith the Lord; yet how
sinfully pleasurable it would be to know that Mr. Tanner
had met his persecutors one by one in some out-of-the-way
place!

Finally, Elder Tanner bid good-bye to the land of the
white enemy and set his face resolutely to the territory owned
and occupied by the hostile red men. He reached Utah in
the fall of 1848, and settled on the Lyman survey, ten miles
south of Salt Lake City. He was the first man to bring
water from the Big and Little Cottonwood streams for culin-
ary and irrigation purposes, a,nc| in all matters relating to the

FOUNDERS AND BUILDERS. 535

advancement and growth of the community, morally and
materially he then and thereafter lent a steadfast, willing and
efficient hand. He bore the brunt of many encounters with
the red men, and single-handed taught them lessons which
did them and the people good.

He was always on hand for any kind of work looking
to the safeguarding, sustenance and advancement of *the
people, and the marks of his early enterprise and unflagging
labor are yet visible in many public places of the common-
wealth. He has been on several missions for the Church, all
of which he has filled with fidelity and ability; has served
with credit in all the campaigns and as a faithful, conscien-
tious, achieving citizen, has no superiors. He has reared a
large and honorable family, many of whom are named else-
where in this book. It would be really gratifying to be
able to tell in detail some of the experiences of this typical
frontiersman and State builder, but these generalizations will
have to suffice, and the reader will understand why. Suffice
it to say that, at the advanced age of eighty-eight years,
Elder Tanner is as hale and hearty as most men a score of
years younger, his intellect is unimpaired, his faith in the
great work in which he was ushered into manhood is as
staunch as when he embraced it, and he bids fair to fill the
wishes of his many triends for a much greater extension of
life upon the earth.

DAVID ECCLES.

IN ALL the business circles of Utah, constituting a mighty
commercial array, there is no name more widely or favorably
known than that of the gentleman named above. He is a
type of many in our midst who illustrate what it is possible to
accomplish with energy, capacity and determination, even

536

VI AH AS IT IS.

when unaided by capital and without collegiate training. He
was born in the "land o' cakes," the exact designation being
Paisley, Wrenfordshire, Scotland, on May 12, 1849. When
but 14 years of age his parents emigrated to this country
and settled where he has principally remained, in Ogden.
The crude schools of those days were not equal to the task
of turning out graduates, but he got the limit of their capa-
bilities. The blindness of his
father made it necessary for
him to assume the burden
of the family's support, and
in 1867 he removed them to
Oregon City, Oregon, where
he had large wood contracts.
Two years later he returned
to Ogden and has lived
there ever since. Taking
to the lumber business, in
1873 he became associated
with H. E. Gibson and
W. T. Van Noy, which
partnership continued till
1876, when it became Gib-
son & Eccles, this contin-
uing till 1880, when Mr.
Eccles went into business
for himself, continuing thus

for several years. In 1890 he formed the Eccles Lumber
Co., one of the largest in the State, of which he has all along
been president; he holds the same position regarding the
Oregon Lumber Co., and as manager devotes much time to
its mills in Oregon. In 1892 he became a stockholder and
director in the Commercial National Bank of Ogden; later he
became associated with the First National and Ogden Savings
banks, becoming president of both. He was a promoter and
is a large owner in the Sumpter Valley railroad in a great

DAVID ECCLES.

ECCLES BUILDING, OGDEN.

(The accompanying cut shows one of the big structures owned by Mr.
Eccles, it being what was formerly known as the Utah Loan & Trust Com-
pany Building, now the Eccles Building. It is one of the largest and best
appointed business structures of Ogden, and would be a fine one in any
place.)

3F>

538 UTAH AS II IS.

timber region of Oregon, and has always been and still is its
president; he is also president of the U. O. Lumber Co., of
Logan; is a director in the Ogden Milling and Elevator Co.,
and in the Deseret National and Deseret Savings banks and
Home Fire Insurance Co., of Salt Lake; also a large owner
in the Co-operative Wagon and Machine Co. and half owner
in the Grand Opera House of Ogden, of which company he
is president. One would think his hands pretty well rilled
and his time thoroughly taken up with the foregoing array,
hut it is not all by any means, nor can it all be told in this
brief space. He is one of the foremost railway builders of
the State, was one of the promoters and vice-president of
the Utah Pacific, a director in the Utah Construction Co..
and is a large owner in the splendid street car system of
Ogden, which has been completely rejuvenated; also (with
others) the Ogden and Hot Springs railway. He is largely
interested in several sugar factories, having been the chief
promoter of those at Ogden, Logan, and La Grande, Oregon,
all of which have been consolidated under the name of Amal-
gamated Sugar Co., of which he is the president.

In 1887 Mr. Eccles was triumphantly elected Mayor
of Ogden and gave the city one of the most progressive and
pushing administrations it has ever had. It is a great good
fortune for any place to have such men in their midst, and
the "Junction City" is peculiarly favored in having several
such. Any one of them is worth a regiment of croakers and
inert dreamers, and when Mr. Eccles and his kind are con-
templated it is no longer a wonder that Ogden has kept so
splendidly to the fore in the presence of much steady and
active rivalry.

Politically Mr. Eccles is a Republican, but is by no
means hidebound and has very liberal views on every subject
as well as numerous friends in all organizations. Religiously,
he is a member of the Mormon Church, in which he was
reared, and is one of the trustees of the Church loan of
$1,000,000. He was married in 1875 to M'ss Bertha M.

FOUNDERS AND BUILDERS.

539

Jensen, with whom he has reared a large family, -all of whom
are living.

ROBERT PIXTON.

MR. PIXTON was born February 27, 1819; was the son
of George and Mary Pixton of Manchester, England. His

mother died when he was
only 14 years of age, and
during the summer days of
his early youth he worked
with his father in the brick
yards. During the winter
seasons he was employed
by the Quaker Hall Man-
ufacturing Co., of Manches-
ter. He had scarcely
reached the age of 19 when
he was married to Elizabeth
Cooper, and shortly after-
wards, being dissatisfied
with his labors in England,
he resolved to set sail for
Quebec. His wife, however,
persuaded him to go to the
United States, in company with the families of Joseph and
Thomas Bateman, with whom he had lived for several years.
While on board the vessel bound for America, he was con-
vinced of the truthfulness of the gospel as proclaimed by the
Latter-day Saints and after arriving in St. Louis, in Novem-
ber, 1841, he and Thomas Bateman moved up the river to
Augusta, where he was baptized by Elder Bateman, in
Skunk Creek. He afterwards removed to Nauvoo, 111., where
he entered into partnership with a Mr. Filshaw and was sub-

ROBERT PIXTON.

540 UTAH AS IT IS.

sequently joined by his wife who had just arrived from
England. The partnership was then dissolved and Mr. Pix-
ton worked on the Temple until it closed. He then drove a
team to Sugar Creek for President Young, after which he
and the company returned to Nauvoo for their families, with
whom they started west. The company traveled to Mt.
Pisgah, where they were overtaken by Col. Allen, who made
the historic call for 500 of the most able-bodied men in the
various Mormon camps for military service in the Mexican
war. Few volunteered quicker than Mr. Pixton. He went
with the troops to Mexico around by California, where he,
with others, discovered gold in Sutler's mill race. On his
return he met his wife in Salt Lake valley where they settled
for a few years. In 1862 he went to England and filled an
honorable mission for nearly four years. Soon after his return
he was called as a missionary and colonizer to southern Utah.
This mission he held until his death, which took place at
Taylorsville, in 1882.

JOHN COOK.

THIS well-known and long-time resident and business
man of Salt Lake City was born under the skies which over-
hang the home part of Edward VII. 's dominions, the exact
location being Cranwell, Lancashire, and the date Septem-
ber 28, 1818. At an early age he moved to Derbyshire,
where he went to school, then started out in life by going to
Manchester, Lincolnshire, where he engaged in the butcher
business, learning which trade he remained there working in
it for fourteen years. He came to the United States in 1846
and worked in the Eastern districts till the following spring,
when he took up his line of march for the West, striking
St. Louis, Mo., and from there going on to Keokuk, Iowa.

FOUNDERS AND BUILDERS.

541

in 1848. Still the star of empire pulled him along, and in
the spring of 1850 he pushed out for the land of the Saints,

reaching here in Milo An-
drus' company of immi-
grants in August of that
year, and here he has lived
ever since. He at once
engaged in the business in
which he was brought up
and in which he was greatly
successful, following it till
1892, when he retired from
active pursuits and has since
enjoyed the repose to which
an industrious and enter-
prising career of long dura-
tion entitles him.

Mr. Cook has a goodly
family, among whom may
be noted the well and
JOHN COOK. widely known stenographer

and court reporter, W. L.

Cook, and deserves the high standing in business as well as
social circles which correct habits and uprightness in life in-
variably bring.

AXEL EINARSEN.

THE subject of this sketch was born on the island of
Lesso, Denmark, August 9, 1843. His father dying three
months before his birth, his mother was left in impoverished
circumstances with six children. At the age of nineteen Mr.
Einarsen left his native land for America, his grandfather

542

UTAH AS IT IS.

and one brother having already emigrated. He arrived in
the United States in 1862, crossing the plains the same year,

and settled in Utah, where
he has ever since resided.

During the Black Hawk
war he served as a volun-
teer, being engaged in sev-
eral battles with the Indians
and in one of them very
nearly losing his life. After
the cessation of hostilities
he engaged for a number
of years in freighting, in
which he was very success-
ful, accumulating consider-
able means, and thereafter
turned his attention to farm-
ing.

Mr. Einarsen was one
of the pioneers in the sugar
industry of the State, being
associated with Bishop Mad-
sen in the manufacture of the first sugar made in Utah; also
raised the first sugar beets in that part of the State. He is
at present a successful farmer, cattleman and merchant of
Axtell, Utah; and is highly esteemed by a host of friends for
his manly attributes and enterprising spirit.

AXEL EINARSEN.

JOSEPH PARRY.

As A colonizer and builder, making the waste places fer-
tile and the rough ones smooth, the above named stands in
the front rank. He is a Welshman by birth, the youngest of
thirteen children, whose father and mother were Edward and

FOUNDERS AND BUILDERS.

543

Mary F. Parry, his birthplace being New Market, Flintshire,
North Wales, the date being April 4, 1825. The family was
brought up under humble circumstances and at an early age
of this subject, both father and mother died. Soon after he
went to Liverpool and entered upon a career of numerous-
vicissitudes, bring \\ithout money ^r friends. He soon ob-
tained work, however, and
in good time, having heard
Mormonism preached, he
became a convert, exper-
iencing in so doing the
greatest opposition from
his family; but one sister
with her household subse-
quently embraced the faith
and came to Utah.

On September i, 1848,
Mr. Parry was married to
Jane Payne. Through lack
of means the husband came
first to this country, his wife
following as soon as he
could raise the money, and
dying soon after arrival,
from cholera. He then
went to St. Louis, and in>
April, 1850, was married to Eliza Tunks. After numerous
hardships they reached Salt Lake City in 1852. Here he
engaged in such work as could be obtained until 1853, when
he moved to Ogden and has resided there ever since, his ex-
perience being similar to that of most others of his time.
He went on the noted Salmon River mission to the Indians
in 1855, and underwent experiences by flood and field, dan-
gers innumerable and famine ever threatening, such as tried
men's souls, accounts of which occur in other places herein
and are too .voluminous to be detailed. He got back to

JOSEPH PARRY.

544 U1AH AS 11 IS.

Ogden finally, where he h.is had a career not quite so much
given to the rougher aspects of life. He has. however, been
through the crusade mill and served a term in the Govern-
ment "reformatory" for unlawful cohabitation. He is a man
of thrift and progress, is connected with several large bus-
iness concerns and has held many important public stations.
It may here be mentioned that he is the father of 23 children
.and is highly respected by all classes of people.

ALFRED SOLOMON.

IN THE history of Utah's industrial development, no name
in the State is deserving of more honorable mention than
that which heads this sketch. Bishop Solomon, in connec-
tion with his brother James, has the notable distinction of
being the first importer of machinery into Utah for shoemak-
ing, the firm of Solomon Bros, having been organized for
that purpose in 1870.

Alfred Solomon was born September 10,1836,31 Truro,
Cornwall, England, and is the son of William Solomon and
Mary Jane Hocking. He was educated in. the common
schools of Truro, and was baptized into the Church of
Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, April 6, 1854. Although
his parents and relatives were opposed to his becoming a
Mormon and also to his emigrating to America, he never-
theless made arrangements for his departure and sailed from
Liverpool for Boston on the ship ''George Washington,"
March 27, 1857. From Boston he went to Iowa City, Iowa,
where he remained a short time, working to earn money
with which to continue his journey across the plains. He
arrived in Salt Lake valley September 12, 1857, after a trip
full of interest and incident, and settled in Salt Lake City,
\vhichhas ever since been his home. During the Johnston army

POUNDERS AND BUILDERS.

545

affair, ',n the winter of 1857-58, he did military service Tin
Echo canyon, and at the time of the move south, in 1858,
was detailed to remain in Salt Lake City to aid in burning
and destroying the property, should the army prove hostile
after its arrival in the city. When peace had been restored
Mr. Solomon settled down at the shoemaking business, tak-
ing charge of Robert J.
Golding's store and
shoe business. For a
number of years he
acted as a special
policeman and also as
a constable in Salt
Lake City. He was in
1886 honored more-
over with the appoint-
ment of City Marshal
and Chief ot Police and
under his regime — for
four years — the peace
and welfare of the city
were ably conserved.
Mr. Solomon is also a
veteran artilleryman
and when the first fire
department was organ-
ized in Salt Lake, he
became a member of it.
It was in 1870 as has been stated, that the present firm
of Solomon Bros, came into being, for the improved manu-
facture of boots and shoes, nothing in this line, so far, having
been accomplished save by hand. The best and latest im-
proved machinery to be had at the time was imported from
the East, and this year saw the first machine-made foot-wear
produced in the then Territory. Since then, this well-known
firm has grown- and developed with sturdy vigor, on*a safe,

ALFRED SOLOMON.

546 UTAH AS IT IS.

conservative basis, until today its shipments extend all over
this inter-mountain region. Only recently the firm has
equipped its factory with the finest, latest improved, and fast-
est plant, with greatly increased capacity, and the large output
attests the excellence of the goods made and the favor in which
they are so widely held.

Mr. Solomon was ordained a Bishop and set apart to
preside over the Twenty-second Ward at its organization,
March 31, 1879, which position he still holds. In 1891 he
left for a mission to England, where he labored successfully
as president ot the Newcastle and Cheltenham conferences,
and also for a short time as president of the European
mission. He returned home July 4, 1893, and was called to
labor in the Salt Lake Temple.

Bishop Solomon has had three wives and is the father
of twenty-three children. He is a man of substantial worth,
safe, conservative and honorable in all his dealings, one
whose roots have sunk deep and spread wide in the social
and commercial field, and a pioneer whose works have given
a forceful impetus to the material development of the re-
sources of this inland empire.

JAMES SOLOMON.

THE subject of this sketch was born September 26, 1831,
at Truro, Cam wall, England, where he passed the first
twenty-nine years of his life. He received his education at
the Protestant school in his native town and thereafter was em-
ployed as general salesman by his father, who was in business
as a boot and shoe merchant. He joined the Church of Jesus
Christ of Latter-day Saints on May 7, 1857, and on Novem-
ber 22, of the same year, married Miss Elizabeth Hill
Stephens, of Burdock, near Falmouth, England. His wife was

FOUNDERS AND BUILDERS.

547

the daughter of a well-to-do farmer whose family comprised
three sons and three daughters. Mrs. Solomon was born on
September 29. 1826.

It was on May 7, 1861, that Mr. Solomon, accompanied
by his wife, set sail for the new world, the vessel in which
they embarked being the "Monarch of the Sea." On their
arrival at New York, they took train to St. Joseph. From

there the steamer "West

Wind" took them as far
north as Florence, above
Omaha, from which point
their journey across the
plains, with ox teams, began.
When the company in
which Mr. and Mrs. Solo-
mon traveled had reached
Loop Horn, they heard of
the battle of Bull Run and
the defeat of the North. "We
had understood," said Mr.
Solomon in speaking of
this incident, "that in this
war both the North and the
South would get an awful
thrashing, for the Prophet
Joseph had phrophesied the
war and the carnage that

v, ould follow many years before, so that the people were not
surprised at the news of the disaster." Mr. and Mrs. Solo-
mon arrived in Salt Lake City, September 12, 1861. "1 had
a penny in my pocket when I reached the city," said Mr.
Solomon, and, with a quiet chuckle he added, "I've got it
yet."

On the journey to Zion he suffered a little from chills
and fever, but his wife walked every step of the way from
Florence to Salt Lake. In 1862 he bought the land on which

JAMES SOLOMON.

548 UTAH AS IT IS.

his commodious residence now stands and by his industry
and good judgment has accumulated a large landed estate,
consisting of city realty, farming lands, mining and coal fields,
as well as stocks and bonds, etc.

Soon after his arrival in Salt Lake City, Mr. Solomon
began in a small way making and repairing shoes, and being
known as a handy man, did odd jobs at various times. Raw-
hide was the stock chiefly used in those days for the manu-
facture of shoes, but the advent of the railroad brought leather
depots within easier reach. Mr. Solomon was likewise em-
ployed as policeman and detective at various periods during
the early days of his residence here, but in 1870 he and his
brother Alfred organized the firm of Solomon Bros., which
has since grown and prospered year by year. They manu-
factured boots and shoes for Z. C. M. I. until under the direc-
tion of W. H. Rowe that firm started to do their own
manufacturing. The Solomon Bros, started business in a
small place on Main street, part of which was occupied by
Charles Crow, harness-maker. Then they moved to a small
building near the Valley House. Leaving this they went to
the premises subsequently occupied by the old 1 3th Ward
store and where R. K. Thomas' store now stands. After a
time here they moved across the street and then moved back
again, but for about twenty-five years they have occupied the
premises they are now in, renting first and then purchasing
the store building from Charles Donelson and leasing the
ground of Levi Richards. The present factory was erected
in the spring of 1899, is located on Third North, between
Third and Fourth West, and is splendidly equipped with the
finest machinery to be had.

Mr. Solomon was ordained a Seventy in 1867, and so far
has filled a life-mission in promoting the industrial develop-
ment of the City and State. He is of independent mind in
local politics, aiming to. vote for those he thinks are the best
men, but is broad and tolerant in his views, progressive and
conscientious. He is fond of a good joke, possesses a cheer-

FOUNDERS AND BUILDERS.

549

ful, sunny disposition, and is esteemed and loved by a host of
friends.

ALFRED EDWARD SOLOMOM.

THIS enterprising and progressive citizen, who has been
since 1886 in charge of the factory of Solomon Bios., boot
and shoe manufacturers of this city, is a native son, naving

ALFRED E. SOLOMON AND FAMILY.

been born in Salt Lake April 21, 1861. He was educated at
the public schools, and at the age of sixteen entered the em-
ploy of Solomon Bros. — his father and uncle respectively.
Here he learned the business of boot and shoe making in all
its details, and when fully equipped by training and experi-
ence was given the management of the factory, a position he
has rilled ever since with much ability and conservative care.
He has seen the .business grow and develop into its present

550 UTAH AS H IS.

large proportions — from handicraft to machine production —
and is ever on the alert to adopt improved appliances for the
superior manufacture of his firm's well-known product. Only
last year he made an extensive tour of the leather and ma-
chinery emporiums of Chicago and Milwaukee, purchasing
new equipment for the factory, and improving its machinery
with the latest appliances. Under his direction and the com-
bined management and good judgment of the Solomon Bros.,
the force employed has grown steadily larger until now 46
men and girls are employed, thus distributing a large amount
in wages every week for the support of many who otherwise
would have to seek maintenance elsewhere. Hence to Solo-
mon Bros, is due at least as much credit as is given to
those who make two blades of grass to grow where only one
grew before; for they were pioneers in this field of industry,
are producers of wealth and promoters of home manufac-
ture, and deserve not only praise but widespread patronage,
assisting as they are in the work of teaching the people by
their own example to become self-sustaining and helping to
keep money at home that otherwise would be sent abroad
never to return. That the patronage extended Solomon Bros.
is constantly growing is attested by the gradual increase of
the force employed, and this is prophetic of the majestic pro-
portions the industry must assume within the next decade.

Alfred E., the present factory manager, is still in early
manhood, and is acknowledged to possess more than usual
ability in the direction of affairs under his charge. He is cau-
tious and prudent without being a plodder in any sense of the
term, his business acumen being grounded upon the axiom —
'•Be sure you're right, then go ahead." This is also character-
istic of both his father and uncle, and the result is that they
have accumulated comfortable estates without the aid of
speculation or any desire to hastily get rich, while losses to
any extent, outside the chances of legitimate trade, have been
but few. The solid, substantial character of the business is
a reflex of the solidity and substantiality of the men them-

FOUNDERS AND BUILDERS.

551

selves. Young Solomon (or Fred, as he is familiarly called)
was married to Miss Katherine Moffatt, in May, 1886, and
five children have come to bless their home. He is also a
member (as is his father, uncle and brothers) of the New
State Gun Club, owns considerable farming lands and has
residence property, and is one for whom the future holds
much in store.

HENRY DINWOODEY.

ONE of the earliest recollections of the writer of these
chapters, as relates to business men in Utah, is that of Henry
Dinwoodey. That was in
1862, when his establish-
ment was in its infancy (it
was established in 1857),
and contained but little that
was not made therein. He
was even then well to the
fore among the pushing and
enterprising men of affairs
hereabouts, and how his busi-
ness has grown is a wonder-
ful tale.

Mr. Dinwoodey is a na-
tive of England, having been
born in Warrington, Lanca-
shire, on September nth,
1825. He dees not look so
old by many years, but is so
hale and vigorous in appear-
ance that he really belongs

among the middle-aged class. Until his 25th year his life
was spent in his native land, where he received an education
in the common schools, and in 1849, having become a convert

HENRY DINWOODEY.

552 U1AH AS 11 IS.

to the doctrines of the Latter-day Saints, he set sail for the
United States, Utah being of course the objective point. It
was a most trying voyage. The vessel was a sailer, and
after being out of sight of land several days, cholera broke
out among the passengers, and so dreadful were its ravages
that he participated in the burial of over forty victims, the
bodies being consigned to the depths of the ocean. Besides
this, the trip was an exceedingly stormy and perilous oner
but New Orleans was reached at last. Here he remained
six months, and the following spring went to St. Louis, where
he lived five years working at pattern making. He then
fitted out two ox teams, and loading his family and effects in
the wagons, made his way across the plains, reaching Salt
Lake City in safety in September, 1855.

Mr. Dinwoodey never was an idler, so it is easy to un-
derstand that there was a great deal to do as soon as he got
righted up in Zion. The nucleus of the great establishment
which bears his name was soon constructed and added ta
steadily, notwithstanding that trade was slow for a long time
because of the scarcity of money. He took an active part
in Church affairs, and has held all its offices up to High
Priest, which he now is and has been since 1873. He is not
only a self-made and thoroughly substantial man, but has
been the means of putting many another on the road to per-
manent prosperity.

Mr. Dinwoodey was married, just previous to his depart-
ure from his native land, to Miss Ellen Gore, who died child-
less in Salt Lake City in 1855. He has been married twice
since then and has had a family of nine children.

Mr. Dinwoodey, on arriving here, at once became active
in Church work and contributed largely to building the Tem-
ple and other structures. In fact, he has always been public-
spirited and progressive whether in religious or secular affairs.
He was commissioned by Governor Mann as captain of the
first infantry, Nauvoo Legion, having been elected thereto
October loth, 1869. He has several times served in the City

FOUNDERS AND BUILDERS.

553

Council of Salt Lake; was one of the promoters of the Dese-
ret Agricultural and Manufacturing Society; was a regent of
the Deseret University, and has been and is connected with
several enterprises besides his own. Being essentially a self-
made man, he appreciates the labors of others, and from the
beginning of his furniture store and factory — then a modest
little place of one story on Main street — to the present time,
in the mammoth establishment on First South street, he has
been the employer of an army of men, all of whom have
been promptly and adequately paid. It is now the greatest
business of the kind in the Western country and is an endur-
ing monument to its founder.

JAMES H. MOYLE.

AMONG those of our grand State who have arisen to dis-
tinction, not through adventitious circumstances but by means
of sterling qualities, close ap-
plication and ceaseless ener-
gy, the gentleman above
named stands conspicuous.
It does not detract from, but
rather adds to, the situation
that he was born on the spot
where he has grown up to
legal and political promi-
nence— Salt Lake City, the
date being September 15,
1858. His earlier education
was obtained in the district
schools, was more fully de-
veloped in a term at the
University of Utah and
rounded out by a term in the
University of Michigan, at
Ann Arbor, the literary de- JAM£S H MOVLE

554 U1AH AS II IS.

partment of which he entered in 1882, and although he con-
tinued his studies therein, entered the law department in 1883
and graduated in 1885. He was married on Nov. 17, 1887,
to Alice E. Dinwoodey, and they have an interesting family.
Mr. Moyle has held several public positions and came
close to holding others more prominent. He began his official
career immediately after his return from Ann Arbor as assist-
ant City and County Attorney, afterwards being elected and
re-elected as County Attorney. He also served one term in the
Territorial Legislature, in all of these stations showing marked
ability. He was the choice of the Democratic caucus for U.
S. Senator, held during the last hours of the session of the
Legislature of 1899, but through a combination of circum-
stances (explained in a preceding chapter) that body, with its
great Democratic majority, failed to elect any one. It should
be here remarked that during the campaign which resulted
in the election of that Legislature he was chairman of the
Democratic State Committee, and the result showed how well
things were carried along. In 1900 he was the candidate of
his party for Governor, but the political tide, by reason of the
successful ending of the war with Spain, had turned strongly to
the Republicans and no Democrats were elected. He is a hard
man to beat, in court or elsewhere, and being young and vig-
orous has no doubt the greater part of his record yet to make.

IRVING A. BENTON.

THE great railway lines centering in Salt Lake City
have brought us more than improved conditions, great as
these are and promise to continue; they are responsible for
the coming and staying of some people whose presence is an
acquisition of much consequence to the community. Among
them all none is better or more favorably known than the
one whose name heads this chapter, and who holds with
marked ability and universal satisfaction the responsible office
of general passenger agent of the Rio Grande system.

FOFNDERS AND BUILDERS.

555

Colonel Benton was born in New Haven, Conn., on the
loth day of December, 1847. In 1868 he settled at Fremont,
Neb., and there, on August 9, 1871, he became chief clerk
in the freight department of the Union Pacific, this being the
beginning of what has rounded out into a great railway
career. In 1881 he was promoted to the position of agent
of the U. P. at Ogden, remaining there four years, at the
end of which term he came to Salt Lake City and took a
place as chief clerk in the office of W. C. Borland, general
agent of the road. The advancements went steadily along,
and on May i, 1886, he became joint ticket agent of the U.
P. and D. and R. G., holding
this position until June, 1890,
when he entered the arena
of political appointments,
having been made postmas-
ter of Salt Lake City. In De-
cember, 1882, we was, with-
out solicitation on his own
part, made U.S. Marshal of
the Territory of Utah, and
held the place until July ist
of the following year. Soon
after he went back to rail-
roading, becoming ticket
agent of the Rio Grande
Western, and on May i,
1902, he was appointed to the position first above named?
that of general passenger agent. That he is an entirely
capable official and an altogether popular citizen is partly
attested by the foregoing lines. He is a business man
from beginning to end, and conducts his company's affairs
in so systematic and comprehensive a manner that the details
of his department, gigantic as they are, are always in such
shape that a tyro might understand them. For the re-
mainder, the reader is referred to his accompanying portrait.

IRVING A. BENTON.

556

UTAH AS IT IS.

WILLIS JOHNSON.

AT THE city of Ogden, on November 4, 1868, the above
named gentleman made his first appearance on this stage of
action. He received an education in the common schools and
finished up with a term in the Brigham Young Academy at

Provo. He then went into
farming and stock raising
until 1898, when he went
into the mercantile business,
in which he is still engaged
at Circleville, Piute County,
his place of residence, hav-
ing a branch establishment
at Twin Falls, Idaho. He
was elected to the State Sen-
ate in 1900 and rendered
good service during the two
terms following. He was
appointed a World's Fair
Commissioner by the Gov-
ernor in March, 1903.

Mr. Johnson was mar-
ried on April i, 1891, to
Miss Dora Morrill, and has

five children, a girl — the eldest — and fo«r boys. He is well
known as a busy man and a sterling citizen. In politics
he is a Republican, but is not a fanatic in that respect or
anything else. The Burns standard — "A man's a man for ar
that" — undoubtedly obtains with Mr. Johnson.

DAVID R. ROBERTS.

THIS prominent citizen of northern Utah was born in
Logan on March 30, 1871, his father being Robert D.
Roberts, a native of Wales, who came to Utah with a hand-
cart company in 1856. He settled in Logan in 1859,

FOUNDERS AND BUILDERS.

557

he still resides. His wife, Hannah Roberts, also came from
Wales, four years after his departure, reaching Utah in 1860,
The subject of this article spent his early days in the canyon,
on the farm and in the public schools, finally graduating from
Brigham Young College with the class of 1890. After this
he engaged in the implement business and at railroading.
He was married to Miss Tryphena Davis of Logan, on De-
cember 6, 1893, and on the
i6th of the same month left
on a two years' mission to the
States of Indiana and Illi-
nois. Returning, he again
embarked in the implement
business, associating with it
grain and produce. He also
became interested in live
stock, and spent much time
and energy in the interest of
the farmers of the Western
country, getting the ^>est
markets for their products.
He was elected to the Fifth
State Legislature as a Re-
publican by a good majority,
although the county has all
along been Democratic. He

is also chairman of the Republican City Committee of Logan,
and was a delegate to the great Irrigation Congress at
Ogden in 1903.

Mr. Roberts is the father of four children, one of
whom is dead. He stands very high in business and other
circles wherever known.

DAVID R. ROBERTS.

PIERRE A. DROUBAY.

THE subject of this bit of history is probably at the head
of the list in his county, as one of the beet posted and most

558

UTAH AS IT IS.

enterprising citizens of the "republic of Tooele." Few men
have the practical experience, and fewer have done as much for
the development of the natural resources of Tooele valle}' as
he. It can be truthfully said of him that he has accomplished
much with little, and has demonstrated what a good mind
with energy and will power can do in a few years. The
fact is given that he has put up more houses, made more
ditches, built more fences and bridges by his own efforts (and

besides, worked in canyons,
in mines and on railroads)
than any other man there
today.

Mr. Droubay's life is
full of adventure and, if
written in book form, would
be as interesting to read,
and as dramatic as a dime
novel. Born in France,
September 25, 1855, with
his parents he came to Utah,
arriving in Salt Lake City
with ox-cart immigrants, Oc-
tober 27th, 1864. They
camped for several days on
the public square where the
City and County building
now stands. He walked all
the way from Council Bluffs
on the Missouri river to this city, the wagon used by his par-
ents being also occupied by two more families and all their
earthly belongings, so that for those who were able to walk
there was no room to ride.

He moved from this city to Tooele valley in the fall of
1867. lived with his parents until 22 years of age and then
took unto himself a wife. Starting out to fight the battle of
life on his own behalf, modest and meagre were his equip-

PIERRB A. DROUBAY.

FOUNDERS AND BUILDERS. 559

ment, consisting chiefly of a yoke of cattle and Schuttler
wagon, two cows, a few household utensils and $2.30 in cash.
He located on a ranch and began to live on the product of
his labors. This enterprise he was successful in. He then
went to Tooele City where he embarked in mercantile pur-
suits, but still retained ownership of his large ranch, compris-
ing 2,500 acres, all fenced and improved, stocked with cattle
and horses and enhanced with fish ponds. He has also made
a splendid success of his mercantile venture, and is now the
happy possessor of the best store in Tooele County. Ever
since its incipiency he has enjoyed and is now favored with a
very liberal patronage, so that, today, his is a paying and pros-
perous business.

Mr. Droubay has a large family, consisting of two wives
and several grown-up children, all living in harmony and con-
tentment. Being frequently asked how he exercises such
noteworthy control and manages his household so well, he
says: "I train my children while young in the way that they
should go; we retain the confidence of each other, mutually
help each other, and thus live together in harmony and
peace." He is a strong adherent to the faith of the domi-
nant Church, and his zeal and faith have been many times
exemplified by his works. His politics are rather inde-
pendent, and though he strongly favors the Republican side
of national politics, he is not a bigot or a zealot. He respects
all men's opinions oven as he expects his own to be respected,
and has no enmity for anyone because of differences politi-
calty or religiously. Indeed, he has friends in all parties and
all creeds, and so demeans himself at all times and under all
circumstances as to deserve their friendship and esteem. He
has frequently been mentioned in connection with legislative
honors, and while he would undoubtedly serve the people
with credit to himself and advantage to them, he does not
crave office, and holds the post of honor to be the private
station. It is not at all unreasonable that a man who does so
much to build up the State generally and the community in

560

UTAH AS IT IS.

which he lives particularly, who pays more taxes than any
•other person in his neighborhood and is one of the heaviest
lax-payers in the State, should be officially recognized.

Mr. Droubay is bright and intelligent, above the average,
and although his years are replete with marvelous events, he
is still, at this writing, strong and vigorous and a pillar of
strength in the community. His word is as good as his bond;
he is full of courage and good will, and while he has accumu-
4ated a large estate, he is as approachable, easy of manners
and as humble as when younger and in different circum-
stances; and now, with the assistance of his boys, who have
(been thoroughly trained, he is able to take life easier and enjoy
some of the comforts of an ideal home that are cherished by all.

H. G. PARK.

IN Hamilton Gray Park we have a man whose experi-
ences, if told in full, would amount to a goodly history of the

development of the common-
wealth. He made his first
appearance upon this stage
of action as far back as 1826,
on November 25th. When
but fourteen years of age, he
accepted the doctrines of the
Latter-day Saints and was
baptized at Kilbirnie, Scot-
land, and immediately be-
came a teacher in the cause
of the gospel, from which
position he advanced steadi-
ly to others. Having previ-
ously married, he emigrated
to the United States in 1854,
being in charge of the com-
pany which sailed en September 4th. He had been here but
-two years when he became business manager for President

H. G. PARK.

FOUNDERS AND BUILDERS. 561

Brigham Young and remained in this calling for several
years. During this time he rendered some trying service at
road-making and bridge building in the canyons, making the
first roads in many places, and furnishing the first logs for
lumber. Most of this was so severe an ordeal that anyone
possessed of less will power, faith and physical strength must
have failed, but he failed not at any point. Part of the time
he subsisted on frozen bread, in snow up to his waist. His
faithfulness in every accepted trust became so pronounced
that it could not but bring its reward, and thus he was ad-
vanced along the highway to prosperity until, many years ago,
he could mingle with the people and things of life upon more
desirable terms. First and last he always enjoyed the full
confidence of the great leader, and was entrusted with many
important features of the grand enterprises which were worked
up for the benefit of the people. In 1869 he went on a mis-
sion to Great Britain, which was honorably tilled, returning
in 1871, taking a second one in 1875 an^ being president of
the Scotch mission. On his return from this mission in 1877,
he entered the service of Z. C. M. I. of Salt Lake City, and-
has remained there uninterruptedly ever since, being very
popular with all hands, from the superintendent down to the
office boys.

Besides his numerous Church positions, Mr. Park has
been a captain in the Nauvoo Legion, but political places or
politics in any form he would have none of. On Feb. 21, 1896,
a sad bereavement befell him in the sudden and unex-
pected death of his beloved wife, a woman whose many
virtues and kindly ways endeared her to all who knew her.

Mr. Park is a careful, thrifty man, generous in his ways,'
attached to his friends and grounded in his faith like the
Rock of Ages. He is the owner of the Manitou Hotel and
other valuable property in Salt Lake City, and is greatly re-
spected by people of all shades of opinion.

Agnes (the wife above spoken of) , was the daughter of
John Steel and Jessie Alexander, was born early in 1826 in

562

U1AH AS IT JS.

Kilbirnie, Ayrshire, Scotland, and received the gospel in 1841.
She was married when about sixteen years of age, and was
the mother of ten children, four boys and six girls. She left

her native land for Utah, Au-
gust 27, 1850, sailing from the
Victoria docks, Liverpool, on
September 3, 1850, in the
good ship North Atlantic.
After a rough and tedious
voyage she arrived at New
Orleans on November 3rd.
On account of sickness and
adverse circumstances, she
remained at St. Louis until
April 27, 1852, losing a lit-
tle girl, Marion Marintha,
just before starting for Salt
Lake City. After a long
and perilous journey the
family arrived at the "Old
Fort," Sixth ward, Salt Lake
City, in the evening of Sep-
tember 9, 1852. She was
wife and mother and a consistent

AGNES S. PARK.

a faithful and devoted
member of the Church.

JAMES W. CAHOON.

THIS well known legislator and man of affairs was born
March 31, 1854, at Murray, Salt Lake County. He began
his business career as a rancher in southern Utah, which he
continued for five years, after which he went to work in the
smelters, remaining in this calling till 1902, a period of twenty-

FOUNDERS AND BUILDERS.

563

one years. He then went into real estate, tarming and mer-
chandising, being elected to the Legislature the same year.

Mr. Cahoon is a large property owner and an exceed-
ingly busy man. He is the
proprietor of the Opera House
and several of the principal
business buildings of his town,
his residence being one of the
finest, most commodious and
best appointed in Murray,
which boasts several that are
far beyond the common. He
has been signally successful in
all his undertakings and en-
joys a wide measure of popu-
larity. He took unto himself
a wife in the person of Miss
Martha E. Proctor on Janu-
ary 10, 1876, and eight chil-
dren— six of them girls — have
come to bless their home. Politically he is a Republican,
but his friendship extends to all classes of people.

MAHONRI M. STEELE.

IN Mr. Steele we have a Government employe who has
proved himself to he efficient, honest and thorough. He is a
native of Utah's Dixie, having been born at Toquerville,
Washington County, on February 2, 1870. . He received
his early schooling in the district schools and wound up
by graduating in the normal department of the L. D. S. Col-
lege in 1892, after which he taught school for five years.
During this time he also turned his attention to politics, and
began his official career by being elected justice of the peace

564

UTAH AS IT IS.

of Panguitch precinct, afterwards County Recorder of Gar-
field County in 1893. In 1895 he was elected County Clerk,

and held the office up to Jan.
7, 1901. He was chairman
of the Republican commit-
tee of that county for five
consecutive years, beginning
with 1885; was twice a
member of the State com-
mittee, also has been chair-
man of the Sixth Judicial
District committee and of
the Tenth Senatorial district.
On the assembling of the
Fourth State Legislature he
was given the important
position of Chief Clerk of
the House and filled it with
marked ability. Shortly af-
ter this term expired he was

MAHONu M. STBEI.K.

Mail Inspector for this
region of country, a position which he still holds and in
which he is giving the greatest satisfaction.

WILLIAM C. A. SMOOT.

IN Mr. Smoot we have one of the few remaining Pio-
neers of 1847, arriving here with the others on July 24th.
He is a native of Tennessee, Roane County, where he was
born on yanuary 30, 1828. He attended the schools of that
section; moved to Illinois in 1839, an^ at ^e age °f eignt years
was baptized into the Mormon Church, staying with them con-
stantly afterwards, which caused him to be in Nauvoo during
the troublous times. Here he worked on the Temple and

FOUNDERS AND BUILDERS.

565

Seventies' Hall until they were completed, and with the first
exodus made his way across the plains to the uninhabited moun-
tains of the West. On arrival here he went to farming at
once, and when the crops were planted went to work build-
ing the adobe and log structure which is known to history
as the Old Fort, its style of architecture being Mexican;
before this labor was finished, however, he left to meet the
emigrants coming in, meeting his people at Pacific Springs,
head of the Sweetwater. He
moved from Salt Lake City
to Cottoriwood, to take
charge of the Church farm,
in 1850, and from there to
Sugar House, where he has
resided ever since, in 1854.
His chief occupations have
been milling, farming and
carpentering, at all of which
he has been quite successful.
The monotony of civil life
was broken somewhat by
eleven years service in the
Life Guards, being one of
the mounted minute men
and subject to call at any
time; in this as in all other
things, he was signally effi-
cient.

Mr. Smoot is the head of a large and prosperous family,
while his connections are among the best in the State, em-
bracing the late Mayor A. O. Smoot (whose portrait is
on a previous page), his brother and Senator Reed Smoot,
his nephew. He. is upright in his dealing, charitable in his
judgment, always willing to live and let live, and has well
earned all the good things of life which have come to him.
Being quite well preserved, he may look forward to many

WIMJAM C. A. SMOOX.

566

UTAH AS IT IS.

more years' existence this side of the veil, where his friends,
whose name is legion, hope to enjoy his society as long as he
cares to stay in their midst.

JOSHUA MIDGLEY.

ALTHOUGH not among the first comers, Mr. Midgley is
entitled to rank as a Pioneer, for Utah, when he came to it,

FOUR GENERATIONS OF THE MITGLEY FAMILY

FOUNDERS AND BUILDERS. 567

was an exceedingly "wild and woolly" place except at the
far-apart nuclei of civilization and none too far advanced there.
He was born October 15, 1832, at Almonbury, Yorkshire,
England, and joined the Mormon Church in September, 1846.
In January, 1850, he emigrated to this country with his
father, landing at New Orleans after a long and tedious voy-
age. He then proceeded to St. Louis and served a term as
apprentice at painting. In 1852 he came to Utah and settled
in Salt Lake City, working generally at his trade, chiefly on
the public works, until 1865, when he established a place of
his own, which steadily grew. He early became a member of
the noted Tabernacle choir and almost equally famous Nauvoo
brass band. He was second bugler in company A, Nauvoo
Legion, and in this capacity was one of the Spartans who
went out to "welcome" the army of the United States under
Albert Sidney Johnston. He is a Patriarch in the Church,
not only officially but in a domestic sense, as the accompany-
ing cut of four generations of his family shows, having been
married on April 18, 1853, to Jemima Hough, also of Eng-
land and also of the Tabernacle choir, and they became the
parents of twelve children, six of whom are living. They
are among the oldest, if not the oldest residents of the Twelfth
ward, Salt Lake City, having lived there fifty years. He
has done a great deal of colonizing in the Territory, and is
recognized in the community as an upright, progressive
citizen.

WILLIS E. RQBISON.

WILLIS EUGENE ROBISON, the son of Benjamin H.
Robinson and Lillis Andree Robison, was born March i,
1854, m tne town of Crete, Will County, Illinois. His par-
ents emigrated to Utah when he was a mere babe and settled
in Fillmore, where he was raised to manhood, assisting his
father in duties common to pioneer life, such as farming.

568

UTAH AS IT IS.

stock raising, freighting, etc. At the age of seventeen he
was employed as a clerk in the Co-operative store in Fillmore,
and later on was put in charge of a lumber yard belonging
to the same institution. His education was limited to such
branches as were taught in the public schools of that timef
and obtained by working nine months in the year and going
to school in the winter, and yet it may be said that none of

his classmates outstripped
him in the race for knowl-
edge.

In the year 1874 ^e
married Miss Sarah A. Ell-
ett, who still -presides over
his domestic happiness. Two
years later the young couple
moved to Scipio, where they
lived for twelve years. Dur-
ing this time Mr, Robison
filled a mission to the South-
ern States, expounding the
doctrines of the Mormon
Church, laboring principally
in the State of Tennessee.
While there Elders John H.

Gibbs of Paradise, Cache County, and William S. Berry of
Kanarra, Iron County, companions of his, were killed by a
masked mob at Cane Creek, Tenn., and to Elder Robison
was assigned the sad duty of taking their bodies home to
their friends in Utah, a responsibility which he readily ac-
cepted and successfully accomplished,not withstanding the diffi-
culties encountered en route and the disadvantage of being
alone to watch over the bodies night and day.

In 1888 he moved to Piute County, where he lived for
about a year, when he was called by his Church authorities
to move to Loa as Bishop. That winter he served as a mem-
ber of the Legislature in the lower house, representing Iron,

WILLIS E. ROBISON.

FOUNDERS AND BUILDERS. 569

Beaver, and Piute counties. This body was the one that gave
to Utah its free school law, and by a bounty on sugar made
it possible for the Lehi Sugar Factory to usher in an industry
that is bringing so much wealth into this region; and to both
of these measures Mr. Robison gave his hearty support.

Piute County at that time was quite large and the county
seat in the extreme western end, which made it very incon-
venient for the people in the eastern end, where Mr. Robi-
son resided, so he sought to have the local seat of govern-
ment removed to a more central locality; failing in this, he
began working to have the county divided, in which he was
successful, and was honored by the Legislature in being per-
mitted to name the newly created county, together with its
first set of officials; he called the county Wayne, after one of
his sons (who was afterward accidentally killed), and at the
first regular election, held the following November, he was
elected county superintendent of schools, a position which, by
subsequent elections, he continued to hold for eight years, and
then declined to accept another nomination, although upon the
removal of his successor from the county, he finished his
term by appointment and is still retained on the board of ex-
aminers. He was a member of the Constitutional Conven-
tion of 1895, represented his district in the State Legis-
lature of 1903 and was one ot the "Big Five" of that ses-
sion, all the other House members belonging to the opposite
political party — Republican.

At present Mr. Robison is President of the Wayne
Stake of Zion, a position in which he was called to act when
the stake was organized by his Church in 1893. He has
filled many positions of trust, both appointive and elective,
and has never yet met defeat at the polls. This he attributes
to the fact of belonging to that class which Abraham Lincoln
designated as the "common people." His sympathies have
always been with the laboring class as against the wealthy, he
loves best to associate with them and they are his friends.
He is conservative in his views and expressions, never made

570

UTAH AS IT IS.

a political speech in his life, and never had a lawsuit or a
referee case. He tills the soil for a livelihood, teaches his
family that all honorable work is commendable, and an hon-
est man is the noblest work of God. He is a writer of some
ability, and among his productions numerous poems have
appeared, which entitle him to a place in the literary corner
assigned to the poets of Utah. He is now and always has
been an active factor for good in every community in which
he has resided.

WILLIAM VAN DYKE.

IF HE were now alive Mr. Van Dyke would be 72 years
old, having been born in Philadelphia that long ago. When

ten years of age his step-
father and mother moved to
Nauvoo, Illinois, where they
lived for seven years, having
previously embraced the
faith of the Latter - day
Saints. One of his bitter
experiences there, conspicu-
ous among the many, was
seeing Joseph and Hyrum
Smith taken to Carthage
jail alive and brought back
dead. The family joined in
the general exodus, and at
Mt. Pisgah the responsibili-
ty for everything was thrown
upon the young man through
WH.LIAM VATT DYKE. the enlistment of the others

in the famed Mormon Battalion in 1847. They soon went
on to Council Bluffs and awaited there the return of the father
the following year. The young man made the trip as far as

FOUNDERS AND BUILDERS. 571

Sweetwater with the company headed by Brigham Young
in 1848, then returned to help the family along. The next
year he came through with the train that brought the first lot
of merchandise to Utah, for Livingston & Kincaid, arriving
September 2Oth. The old folks came on the next year and
lived in Salt Lake City a while, then going to Lehi, two years
later going south to help settle Cedar City. The young man
went to them in 1853, but soon returned to Lehi and settled
there, took a farm on shares and prospered right along. The
Indians were continually troublesome, and in one fight in
which he participated at Pelican Point, three men of his com-
pany were killed. In 1854 ne went with a company under
Bishop David Evans to Snake Creek, west of White Moun-
tain, now the boundary between Utah and Nevada, and while
here some members of the party — himself among them —
found by accident a big piece of ore, which being broken
open, fairly sparkled with gold. They did not look for its
source and were soon recalled. Although the region has
been noted for its gold production for years, and many parties
have gone out searching (the writer has gone five times),
nothing even remotely resembling the nugget spoken of has
ever been found where they were.

Returning again to Lehi, Mr. Van Dyke was married to
Charlotte Pixton on December 27, 1856, and two years later
moved to Plain City, Weber County, where they lived till
1864, when .they went to Ogden and stayed there till 1890,
when the final move was made to Salt Lake City, where the
wife died November 12, 1892. They had ten childen, six of
them boys. He was engaged at different times in numerous
enterprises, in all of which he was successful, and was known
to all as an honest, upright man. He died January 18, 1901.

D. H. PEERY.

THOSE who knew David Harold Peery in his lifetime
were acquainted with a man whose breadth of view and

572

UTAH AS IT IS.

faculty of accomplishment were unsurpassed. He was born
in Tazewell County, Va., on May 16, 1824. His parents
were Major David Peery and Eleanor H. Peery. His early
boyhood was spent in the State of his birth and Kentucky,
his education, which began in the common schools, being
completed in the Emery and Henry College in 1842-3. From
1844 to 1845 he taught school, and the following year drifted

into merchandising with his
brother John D.,in the county
where he was born. He al-
so conducted a bank until
1861, when the war broke
things up generally, and a
year later he enlisted himself
with the gallant men who
went afield under the Stars
and Bars, becoming assist-
ant commissary under Gen.
Humphrey Marshall. He
embraced the faith of the
Latter-day Saints the same
year and came to Utah in
1864, reaching Salt Lake
City on August 31. In Oc-
tober, 1866, he moved to
his death, which occurred

D. H. PEERY.

Ogden and remained there till
September 19, 1901.

Mr. Peery came of a wealthy and influential family and
was himself a man capable of acquiring great means and in-
vesting them wisely. His home at Ogden — the Virginia —
is in some respects the grandest and largest residence in the
State. He engaged in several lines of business, notably
milling and merchandising, for several years was President
of Weber Stake of Zion, and served two terms in the
Territorial Legislature with decided ability. The writer en-
joyed a personal acquaintance with him, and always found

FOUNDERS AND BUILDERS. 573

him one of the most hospitable and entertaining men in the
country; he exemplified in everything the typical Southern
gentleman and had a host of friends wherever known.

(An account of Mr. Peery's marriage appears in a previ-
ous chapter relating to Mrs. Peery).

JOHN BECK.

IN THE eighth volume of the "National Cyclopedia of
American Biography" the above-named gentleman is set

down as a "miner, finan-
cier and philanthropist,"
and those who know him
best will be disposed to
give ready assent as to all
the designations. He is
a son of John and Caro-
line Beck, and was born
in Aicheberg, Wurtem-
berg, Germany, on March
19, 1843. The family
were noted for their thrift
and the parents conspicu-
ous for their educational
and charitable work. Be-
ing of an adventurous dis-
JOHN BECK. position, he started out at

an early age to do something for himself, and showed good
business aptitude as well as the faculty of acquiring languages.
In 1862, while in French Switzerland, he became a con-
vert to Mormonism and succeeded in bringing his family into
the fold, afterwards engaging in missionary work and suffer-
ing persecution of various kinds. In 1864 he set sail for the

574 UTAH AS IT IS.

United States and arrived in Utah in October, having crossed
the plains with ox teams. Here he underwent the varying
experiences of the time, some of his adventures with Indians
and otherwise belonging in the hair-breadth escape depart-
ment, having fought in the Black Hawk war (elsewhere
spoken of), and lost all his property. In 1865 he located in
Lehi, where he leased a farm and engaged in sheep raising
and other pursuits, being successful :\s usual. In 1870, the
Tintic discoveries drew him there, and he invested in the
Eureka mine, but lost his time and labor and $6,000 besides.
Nothing daunted, he continued his researches, and one day
happened upon a projecting ledge which his instincts told him
was the outcrop of a great deposit of wealth. He located
it, and here we have the beginning of the famed Bullion-Beck
mine, which has contributed so many millions to the wealth
of the country. Lately his fortunes have fluctuated some-
what and his wealth has dwindled, but his spirit is yet un-
daunted and he pushes ahead as determinedly and confidently
as of yore. He has owned any amount of property, has in-
vested in most of the great enterprises of the State, and heM
positions of large responsibility and confidence. His phil-
anthropic nature and readiness to assist those who" have any
showing of merit have made him too oft a victim, but those
who know and appreciate him have faith that the future con-
tains much that is good for him.

W. L. AND B. L. CROFF.

WILLIAM LUTHER CROFF was born in the town of
Northfield, Summit County, Ohio, on March 25, 1840; his
parents being William C. and Julia A. B. Croff. The family
moved into the wilds of Sheboygan County, Wisconsin,
in 1847, and in 1851 another move was made, this time to

FOUNDERS AND BUILDERS.

575

Noble County, Ind. Two years later the moving impulse
was again in the ascendant, and the family landed in Cass
County, Iowa. The father being a blacksmith and wagon-
maker opened up a shop on a large scale, with William as
his principal helper. A large business was done, principally
through the California and Utah emigrants, for two years,
when they moved to the western part of the State, where,
the regulation two years again expiring, Kansas — then a
territory just emerging from the "Jim Lane war" — was set-
tled in. William worked on
the Hannibal & St. Joe rail-
road till the civil war broke
out, when he became a re-
cruiting worker, and subse-
quently for a short time was
in Price's and McCullough's
Confederate army of inva-
sion. Returning home he
found the family property
destroyed and the home 'sac-
rificed tor just enough to
take them back to Iowa. In
1862 he determined to goto
Pike's Peak, and took a con-
tract with Alex. Majors to
drive an ox team. Getting
as far as Ft. Laramie he got
the Salmon River gold fever,
and on short notice took his
leave, and on foot and alone trudged along the Platte through
a hostile Indian country, his only solace being his violin. He
soon had the good fortune to strike an emigrant company of
thirty-eight wagons headed for Salmon River and Utah, and
on August 25, 1862, landed at Provo, Utah, concluding to
remain there for the winter. He went to work, was kindly
treated and was soon, by investigation and attention, a con-

w. i,. CROFF.

576 VI AH AS IT IS.

vert to the faith of the Latter-day Saints> joining the Church
the following spring. After farming for three years he went
to Montana and there and in Sweetwater, Wyo., followed
mining. In 1868 he went with others to the head of Green
River, Wyo., for ties for the Pacific railway, and in 1869 he
and Ben took a contract for grading through some of the
heaviest rock work on Promontory Point, Utah, which they
successfully performed.

In November, 1869, William and his two brothers went
prospecting, and among others discovered Eureka Hill, Tin-
tic, and worked there for three years with indifferent success.
He followed various occupations till 1875, when he started for
St. George to work on the Temple, and on the way found
some rich silver ore at what subsequently became known to
the world as Silver Reef, his being the first location ever
made in that wonderful place. After filling an industrial mis-
sion to Mt. Trumbull he returned to mining in Tintic. From
1882 to 1889 he lived in Minersville, where he served as jus-
tice of the peace and engaged extensively in mining in Lin-
coln, having done very well at times and being the largest
holder of property there now. In 1899 he moved to Eureka,
where he has continuously engaged in mining and merchan-
dising. He served a term as City Councilman, and has
been counselor to the Bishop since 1900. It may here be
mentioned that Mr. Croff has contributed extensively to the
building of every temple in the State, and is exceedingly
liberal in all his transactions.

BENJAMIN LEWIS CROFF, a small part of whose story
is told in the foregoing sketch of his brother, was born March
6, 1847, in Northfied, Summit County, Ohio. He came to
Utah in 1864, but for several years has resided at Colonia
Juarez, Mexico, near which he is and from the first has been

POUNDERS AND BUILDERS.

577

extensively interested in mining. Prior to that time he lived

in Minersville, Utah, where his unsurpassed ability as a black-
smith and miner brought
him no small degree of
prosperity. He and W. L.
located the noted Creole
mine in Lincoln district, and
from it they have taken
ore running about $1,000
a ton; they still hold a
large interest in it. Previ-
ous to this, however, Ben
had extensive mining ex-
perience in Colorado in
1862-3-4. He has been a
married man since a short
time after his advent in
Utah, and is the father of
several bright children. He
is a kindly disposed man
to everybody and afraid of
nobody, a faithful member

of the Church of the Latter-day Saints, and stands well in

all places where he is known.

B. i,. CROFF.

CHARLES LAJMMERSDORF.

No NAME is more conspicuous in mining circles in Utah
than that of Mr. Lammersdorf. He is one of the pioneers
of that great industry and a very successful one. He came
here in 1872 and has remained with us ever since. His first
stand was in Tintic, where he engaged in the hotel business
and merchandising, being also postmaster. When the won-
ders of Silver Reef broke upon the world Mr. Lammersdorf

578

UTAH AS IT IS.

was early upon the ground, being in .fact ,one of the first to
engage in practical operations there, his field subsequently
taking in Frisco, Beaver Lake, Washington and finally Gold
Mountain, where is located the property of the Sevier Min-
ing and Milling Co., of which he was one of the founders
and in which he became the sole owner; a deal for it has
been made and payments are going on at stated intervals. It
is a gold proposition and very valuable.

Mr. Lammersdorf was born on the banks of the historic

CHARLES LAMMERSDORF.

MRS. CHARLES LAMMEKSDORF.

Rhine, in Prussia. He was married on March 19, 1860, to
Miss Walburga Koch, and came to America on December
3ist of the same year. He lived in New York until the
civil war broke out, passing all through it. From there he
went to Chicago and lived there for several years. Thence
he went to Omaha and built one of the largest hotels in ex-
istence at the time, and finally came westward, landing in
Utah as stated.

Mr. and Mrs. Lammersdorf have had great, almost
crushing bereavements, in the loss by death of all their eight
children, three boys and five girls, the youngest two being

FOUNDERS AND BUILDERS. 579

interred in the Salt Lake City cemetery. The parents, how-
ever, promise to see a great deal more of this world's pro-
ceedings before going to another. They have a host of
friends here and wherever else they have lived. Mr. Lam-
mersdorf is a whole-souled, genial man, a friend to everybody
and a foe to none. His greeting is a regular tonic, and his
heartiness of manner insures him a welcome wherever he
goes. He is 7° years old, his wife 64.

,SEGO LDUY, UTAH STATE FI.OWER,

MINISTRY AND MISSIONS.

SOME REPRESENTATIVES OF GOSPEL WORK-
ERS ALONG DIFFERENT LINES.

HpHOSE who are devoting the greater part or all of their

•*" time to the work of the spiritual welfare of mankind

are as numerous in proportion to population, as diversified in

beliefs and practices and as
zealous in their ministrations in
Utah as elsewhere in the
civilized world. The limits of
space imposed upon this vol-
ume as a whole and thereby
this department particularly
make it necessary to observe
the rule elsewhere obtaining by
giving special notice of a few,
these being, as nearly as possi-
ble representative of all. It is
also the case, as elsewhere, that
the order of mention has no
significance, the first one hav-
ing been received before any
practical work was done on
TYPICAL YOUNG MORMON the volume, the others being'
MISSIONARY. secured at subsequent and dif-

ferent dates, these being, as nearly as possible, in the order of
reception.

MINISTRY AND MISSIONS.

581

The work of the ministry and those who are working in
the mission field involves some opposition and occa-
sionally a little contention,
here and elsewhere; but
with that this work is not
concerned. So long as each
is striving in accordance
with his best habits to do
good a mention is cheerfully
given.

It must be understood
in this connection that all
the missions and all the min-
isterial work alluded to, even
by Utah people, are not
located in Utah, although
chiefly directed from here.
There are thousands of
young, middle-aged and el-
derly members of the Mor-
KATHER GUINAN (CATHOLIC.) mon Church spending their

whole time in foreign lands and in other[States, in the great
work of bringing sinners to repentance and making better
those who are already good, all this without money and with-
out price. They are a goodly band whose reward will not
be that of money or earthly honors.

JOHN NICHOLSON.

[Portrait on page 157.]

AMONG those whose lives are devoted chiefly to the
spiritual welfare of their fellow men, the name* of that sturdy
Latter-day Saint, that true friend, that sterling citizen and
talented worker whose name appears above is conspicuous.
While the great raid, having in view the "regeneration" of

582 UTAH AS IT IS.

Utah by sending her best citizens to the penitentiary, was at
its height, Elder Nicholson was naturally selected as a victim;
not only was he sought, but found. The officers knew where to
go when they wanted him, and were quite sure he would not
disappoint them by being somewhere else at the appointed
time; for this reason, perhaps, he was not among the earlier
victims. When the time came he was on the way from
home to his editorial desk in the Deseret News office, and the
whole affair went through so quietly that it didn't seem to be
at all out of the ordinary. Neither the process servers nor
the prosecuting attorneys had any trouble whatever; on the
contrary, while not shielding himself in the smallest measure
he arranged with the prosecutors to shield his wives, his con-
duct in tnis respect being in bold and refreshing contrast to
that of a few others. He told the attorneys that if they
would leave his family out of it he would place himself upon
the stand and give them all the evidence they required. It
was a risky thing for them to do — or would have been ordi-
narily— but they knew they were dealing with a man whose
word was a sacred pledge, and so accepted his offer. As a
witness Mr. Nicholson "extenuated nothing nor set down
aught in malice;" his wives were his wives, their children
were his children and that was all there was of it — no apolo-
gies, no dodging, no nonsense. In sentencing him to the
customary six months imprisonment and a fine of $300 and
costs, Judge Zane took occasion to half compliment him
upon his speech in reference to the question whether or not
the defendant had anything to say. He had, and said it, not
offensively, presumptuously or dramatically, but plainly, can-
didly and pointedly.

Mr. Nicholson is a native of Scotland, his birthplace be-
ing St. Boswells, Roxburgshire; the time, July i-}, 1839.
His parents were John Nicholson and Elizabeth Hewison.
The most of the lad's childhood, after reaching the age of
ten, was passed in Edinburgh. The parents being poor his ed-
ucational advantages were limited but he made the best use of

MINISTRY AND MISSIONS. 583

them, and being a great reader with excellent assimilative
faculties he grew up a well-informed man. He first heard
Mormonism preached on a highway, and becoming interested,
"read up" on it, wiih the result that he was baptized by Elder
Robert Hogg on April 8, 1861. He soon gave his whole
time to the ministry, in 1864 and 1865 becoming President of
the Sheffield and subsequently Birmingham conference, and
the following year emigrating to Utah in charge of a com-
pany of over three hundred qf his co-religionists. His ex-
periences en route were varied and interesting, the inevitable
element of hardship largely figuring. Arriving here he en-
gaged in various occupations before drifting into journalism,
which he did in January, 1868, on the Daily Telegraph of
Salt Lake City, although he had previously contributed to it
and other publications; going from that paper to the News
soon after, he remained with it, with some slight lapses, for
twenty-five years. One of these lapses was the six months
spent in Uncle Sam's hostelry, during which he had some
trying experiences, among them the death of his father and
the refusal of U. S. Marshal E. A. Ireland to let him attend
the funeral. He afterwards heaped coals of fire on Ireland's
head by defending him in a local paper against unjust
charges. For the past eleven years Elder Nicholson has been
engaged entirely in temple work in Salt Lake City, having
charge of an important division thereof. He is one of our
best speakers, being forceful, impressive and entertaining; as
a writer he is equally gifted.

With this imperfect sketch and the incidental mention
previously made, the reader who does not know him can
form a reasonably good idea of this decidedly good man.

BEN E. RICH.

THIS stalwart representive of the faith of the Latter-day
Saints, being at the head of the Southern States mission, was

584

UTAH AS IT JS.

born in Salt Lake City on November^, 1855. He was
baptized ten years later and has been a member of the quo-
rum of Seventy for twenty-two years. He also spent a year
in Montana in missionary work. In his boyhood he was em-
ployed for twelve years as a salesman by the great Z. C. M.
I. of Salt Lake. He was married to Diana Farr on Decem-
ber 27, 1877, and has eight
children, six of them boys.
Much of his early married
life was spent in Ogden,
where for several years he
followed merchandising,
much of the time on his own
account. He was a mem-
ber of the Ogden City Coun-
cil from 1883 to 1885, and
was County Recorder from
the latter date to 1888. Here
he drifted into literature and
produced the book "Mr,
Durant of Salt Lake City,"
which presented the doc-
trinal features of Mormon-
ism in narrative style, and
became quite popular, sever-
al thousand copies being sold.
He also became prominent in politics, being an active worker
in the People's parly until its disappearance in 1892, when
national lines were drawn — a condition of things which her
perhaps, was more instrumental in bringing about than any
other man — and he entered the ranks of the Republican
party where he has remained ever since. In this capacity he
became a delegate for six occasions to the National Republi-
can league convention.

In 1893 Mr. Rich moved to Idaho, and at once became
prominent in public affairs. He was twice chairman of the

BEN E. RICH.

MINISTRY AND MISSIONS.

585

Republican State committee and executive committee, and
was a delegate to the national convention of 1896. After
his assignment to his present field he engaged in the publica-
tion of the Southern Star, a weekly publication dovoted to
the interests of the Church in the South, and remained with
it till its suspension.

Like his noted brother Joseph C., Ben is always in a
good humor and is fond of a joke. He is an able speaker
and writer and thoroughly in earnest in all he does.

REV. J. R. GRAEBNER.

JOHN REINBOLD GRAEBNER, the son of A. L. Graebner,
professor of theology and doctor of divinity of Concordia

Seminary, St. Louis, Mo,,
and Anna Schaller, was
ushered into this sphere of
existence at Watertown,
Wis., March 6, 1878. He
was educated at the parochi-
al schools of Milwaukee and
St. Louis, and at the Con-
cordia College of Ft. Wayne,
Ind., and Concordia Semi-
nary of St. Louis.

In August, 1900, Mr.
Graebner came to Salt Lake
City, where he assumed the
pastorate of the German
Evangelical Lutheran St.
John's church. From the
beginning the services were

RBV. J. R. GRAUBNBR. hdd .'" the Swedish LlUher-

an Zion's church edifice, but
at" this writing, January, 1904, through the efforts of this

586

U1AH AS IT IS.

alert, progressive young pastor, a lot, 6xio rods on Seventh
South and State streets, has been purchased, and it is expected
that by the fall of 1904 a church building will be erected to
cost between $2,000 and $3,000. The German Lutheran St.
John's church has a voting membership of 12 members, 45
communicant members and a congregation of 85 souls. The
average attendance is about 30.

The Rev. Graebner was married in 1901 to Miss Hed-
wig Sievers of Milwaukee, Wis., and their union has been
blessed so far with one boy. An engraving of the pastor
accompanies this sketch.

R. F. NESLEN.

ROBERT FRANCIS NESLEN (familiarly known as Uncle
Robert) was born in Lowestoft, Suffolk, England, December

10, 1832. His parents be-
ing Wesleyan Methodists, at
the age of sixteen he became
a Wesleyan local preacher.
In the year 1852 he joined
the Mormon Church, was
ordained a priest and sent
into the ministry in the
counties of Norfolk and Suf-
folk. In January, 1853, with
his parents, six sisters and
two brothers, he emigrated
to Utah, embarking at Liver-
pool on the ship "Golconda,"
for New Orleans. During
the voyage she was dis-
masted, having encountered
a severe white squall. Pass-
R. F. NKSLEN. ing up the Mississippi and

MINISTRY AND MISSIONS. 587

Missouri rivers via St. Louis to Keokuk, he went thence
by ox team to Utah, 1,565 miles, stopping at old Fort Bridger
and doing military duty in protecting the emigration from
Indian raids. On arriving at Salt Lake City he joined the
Tabernacle choir, also the Nauvoo brass band; was com-
missioned first lieutenant by Governor Brigham Young and
passed through all the vicissitudes of pioneer life, working
with pick and shovel, in the canyon, at carpentering, etc.
He assisted in building the old Arsenal and Salt Lake The-
ater, and after the completion of the latter was prompter,
actor and costumer for upwards of nine years. He has crossed
the Atlantic ocean nine times, filled four missions to Great
Britain, traveling from Land's End, Cornwall, to north of Aber-
deen, Scotland, South Wales and nearly every county in Eng-
land. He filled a mission in New York, New Jersey and
Connecticut. Was appointed Bishop's traveling agent in the
years 1860-61 for Utah, Juab and Sanpete counties; was a
special guard, in connection with others for years, for Presi-
dent Brigham Young, and was one of the marshals of the
day at his funeral, representing the High Priests quorum. He
was the President's neighbor for twenty-five years, visiting
him during his last illness and hoisting the first flag at his
death over the Emporium corner on Main and First South.

REV. A. G. H. OVERN.

THE Rev. A. G. H. Overn, Lutheran missionary and
pastor of "Our Savior's Church," was born in Fond du Lac
County, Wisconsin, June 17, 1850. His parents were among
the early settlers of the State and were natives of Norway.

After receiving a common school education he studied
at Luther College, Decorah, Iowa, and at Luther Seminary,
Madison, Wis., where he graduated in 1879. This seminary
is now located at Hamlin, Minnesota.

588

UTAH AS IT IS.

Mr. Overn's first charge was at Chicago, 111., where he
was ordained in the summer of 1879. During the nearly
twenty-five years of his ministry he has labored in various
fields, especially in the larger cities, until he was stationed at
Salt Lake City in the fall of 1900. He represents "The
Synod for the Norwegian Evangelical Lutheran Church of
America," of which he is a member, and preaches both in
the English and Dano-Norwegian languages.

GRANITE STAKE TABERNACLE,
SALT LAKE COUNTY.

THE FINE ARTS.

HOW THEY HAVE GROWN IN OUR MIDST-
THEIR DEVOTEES.

UTAH is truly a favored land in all respects, and in none
more than regarding the fine arts. Already we have
several who are noted throughout the civilized world and
others coming along whose rare talents will undoubtedly secure
for them high places in the temple of fame. In Maud Adams,
the actress, and Dallin, the sculptor, for instance, we have
representatives who bear aloft our name and fame wherever
civilization holds sway; while in painting and music we have
a list so long that to make full mention of all would swell the
proportions of this book far beyond the limit set for it.
Emma Lucy Gates, with her bird-like voice, fine appearance
and gentle manners; Emma Ramsey, not less gifted; Lizzie
Thomas Edwards, Nellie Druce Pugsley, Agatha Berkhoel,
Arvilla Clark, Nannie Tout, Bob Easton and many more of
our lyric phenomena with wide and well-earned reputations
have not yet fully developed; and such excellent artists as
Lorus Pratt, J. T. Harwood, G. M. Ottinger, Harry Culmer,
Dan Weggeland, Fred Lambourne, Lee Greene Richards,
Mahonri Young, Alma Wright, Edward Evans, Louise Rich-
ards, J. L. Fairbanks and Mary Teasdel, with the noted A.
L. Lovey, cartoonist, and Clyde Squires, J. S. Sears and
Waldo Midgley, illustrators, form a galaxy of which any State

590

UTAH AS IT IS.

might be proud even if there were no others, which there
are, lots of them. Of musicians, there is no end. Elocution,
photography, engraving, etc., have also able and abundant
exponents, some of each class being given extended notice
that a fair idea may be had of the rise, advancement and at-
tainments of all.

JOHN J. M'CLELLAN.

IN PRESENTING to our readers a specially selected list of
Utah's most talented devotees of art, the name of John Jasper

McClellan is properly placed
among the first. His ability
in the realm of music has
nothing of the meteoric —
his brilliance is that of a
fixed star growing brighter
in the process of develop-
ment, and the future for him
in his chosen profession is
very promising. He pos-
sesses in his equipment the
radium of exceptional abili-
ty, his mastery of the piano
and great organ having won
for him a reputation un-
equaled by any artist of his
years — a reputation, in fact,
such as is seldom earned by

JOHN j. M'CMJIAAN. the most noted performers

until the meridian of life is

passed. Prof. McClellan is not yet thirty years of age, hav-
ing been born«at Payson, Utah, April 20, 1874, and sti^ his
position in the musical world is founded on the rock of ac-

THE FINE ARTS. 591

knowledged success. He is one of those artists who are
born, not made; for from early childhood he displayed singu-
lar musical ability and began the study of music at the age
of ten. Such was his talent that when eleven years old he
became organist of the church in his native town. Until 1-7
he continued practice upon the piano and organ without a
competent teacher, but in July, 1891, he left Utah for Sagi-
naw, Michigan, where, for eighteen months, he pursued his
studies under that splendid German master, Albert W. Platte.
He augmented his studies there by becoming assistant organ-
ist of St. Paul's church, and played occasionally in the First
Congregational church of the same city. He then entered
the newly founded Ann Arbor Conservatory, where he be-
came the piano pupil of Johann Erich Schmaal and studied
theory and organ with Prof. Stanley, director of the school.
A year and a half later the great Spanish pianist, Alberto
Jonas, became head of the piano school. Under this able
teacher McClellan received exceptional encouragement, and
for over two years he was chorister and organist in St.
Thomas Catholic church. During his course at Ann Arbor
he founded the University of Michigan Symphony Orchestra ,
and was for two terms president of the Euterpe Musical
Club. He also held other important places. The directors
of the conservatory desired his retention as one of the faculty,
but he declined all offers and returned home.

In September, 1896, Prof. McClellan opened a studio in
Salt Lake City, and for two years was director of music in the
L. D. S. College, spending half of his time the year follow-
ing in charge of the musical affairs of the B. Y. Academy,
Provo, the other half in Salt Lake City with his piano and
theory students. In August, 1899, accompanied by his wife,
he left for Berlin, where he spent a year with Xaver Schar-
wenka, the noted Hungarian pianist, and also under Ernest
Jedliczka, the Russian master. On his return to Utah, Prof.
McClellan was tendered the chair of music in the State Uni-
versity, and was appointed organist at the Tabernacle. Since

592 U1AH AS IT IS.

his incumbency of the latter position the organ has been re-
modeled and improved at an expense of $12,000, and to Prof.
McClellan is due the credit for this splendid accomplishment.
He it was also who conceived the idea of giving free organ
recitals every week in the Tabernacle — an institution that has
met with the greatest interest and satisfaction.

As a composer Prof. McClell^n occupies a high plane,
many of his compositions having been enthusiastically re-
ceived. His classes have been eminenty successful and many
of his pupils have been thoroughly equipped for high pro-
fessional careers, some at present being in Europe, where
they are giving the greatest promise of success and attesting
the merits of their fundamental training under his direction.

MISS GRATIS. FLANDERS.

THE musical career of this lady extends over a period
.of eighteen years, a period teeming with activity and most
gratifying success. For the past twelve years as piano
teacher Miss Flanders has stood at the head of one of the
largest and most active musical clienteles in Salt Lake City.
Leaving a large class of promising pupils in Chicago on ac-
count of health considerations, she sought this musical center,
and since her advent here has been an important factor in
the artistic life of this city, and has done much towards
creating a musical taste for, and appreciation of, classical
music by her frequent public recitals. She has turned out
more fine players than many teachers can boast of. Among
those who have achieved distinction in the art of piano-
forte playing may be mentioned Miss Geneva Ellerbeck,
Spencer Clawson, Jr., Miss Irma Watson and Miss Pearl
Rothschild, besides many younger performers of note.
Musical talent, even of a high order, counts but little in the
making of a great educator unless accompanied by pro-
fessional enthusiam and a genuine interest in the welfare of

THE FINE ARTS.

593

the student. Miss Flanders is an indefatigable worker. Her
strong personality and magnetism react on her pupils and
inspire them with some of her own love and enthusiasm for

music,. as is shown by their
performances in public. Miss
Flanders makes frequent
trips east for the purpose of
hearing grand opera and
keeping herself in touch with
musical movements and new
ideas. Two seasons ago she
spent the summer in Europe,
where she had the oppor-
tunity of meeting Miszkous-
ki, Franz Kullak and other
celebrities, as well as of at-
tending the Wagner Festival
in Bayreuth and hearing
opera in Paris. She has oc-
cupied the chair of music in
Rowland Hall for the past
WANDERS. eight years. Miss Flanders

be^an her study of the piano

at the age of six in New York City, and for several years was
a pupil of the eminent pianist and teacher, Emil Liebling, in
Chicago. Much of her success in teaching is due to this
noted master. She enjoyed the privilege of studying har-
mony with the late Frederic Grant Gleason and Adolph
Weidig. Without reference to her musical attainments she
is a popular member of society.

L. A. RAMSEY.

MR. RAMSEY, portrait and figure painter and brother to
Emma Ramsey, the "Utah nightingale," was born in Illinois

594

UTAH AS IT IS.

but came to Utah with his parents when but a lad. Was edu-
cated in the schools of Payson and the B. Y. Academy of
Provo. He began the study of art very young and has been
a devoted student ever since. In 1895-6 he attended the art
school in Boston, where he distinguished himself in sculpture

as well as in painting. Af-
ter spending several years in
the mountains of the West
he returned East to spend
two years more in the Art
Academy of Chicago, and
from there went to Paris
where he again distinguished
himself by taking the high-
est honors of any foreigner
in the school in the January
concour in figure drawing,.
1903. While in Paris he re-
ceived commissions to paint
the portraits of Baron and
Baroness Openheim and sev-
eral other distinguished peo-
ple. On his return to Utah
he was given charge of the
art department of the L. D.
S. University, and appointed by the Governor one of the four
artists on the governing board of the Utah Art Institute^
which position he still holds.

While Mr. Ramsey has specialized on portraits and
figures, his landscapes and historical compositions are attract-
ing some attention The frontispiece of this book is from
one of his compositions. It represents the Pioneers' first
view of Salt Lake valley, the recumbent figure in the wagon-
being that of President Brigham Young. It tells a story all
its own.

I,. A. RAMSEY.

1HE FINE AR1S.

595

AGNES DAHLQUIST.

Miss AGNES DAHLQUIST has lately returned from a
three years' stay in Berlin, Germany, where she studied at
the Stearns Conservatory of Music and from which she
graduated with great honors. Miss Dahlquist is one of the
very few of Utah's musicians who came home with a di-
ploma from one of the greatest musical institutions of Europe.
She is a native of Utah, having been born in Salt Lake City.

Her love of music exhibited
itself in her earliest child-
hood. When about four
years old she would steal
away and was often found
sitting on doorsteps in the
dead of winter with tears in
her eyes listening to music
within. She commenced
studying the piano when
nine years old; later she
commenced studying under
Prof. Anthon Pederson, and
under his excellent tutorship
she advanced to the very
front rank of home-trained
musicians. She became a
very successful teacher and
had all the pupils she could
handle; in fact, for several
months before she went abroad she had to refuse several ap-
plications. Besides her regular course in piano, harmony ,theory,
etc., at the conservatory, Miss Dahlquist also took private
lessons on the piano from the world-renowned master, Xaver
Scharwenka, and pipe organ lessons from that greatest of
German organists, Prof. Otto Dienel. When about to leave
Berlin Miss Dahlquist was offered, through the faculty of the

AGNES

596

UTAH AS IT IS.

Stearns Conservatory, a position as instructor of the piano in
the Conservatory of Music of Chicago, but as she would
have to enter into an agreement for four years the offer was
declined. She is now meeting with good success as teacher
of piano, theory and harmony, and has already several very
promising pupils that will finish with her before going abroad.

CHARLES KENT.

THIS favorite baritone was ushered into the mundane
sphere at Newcastle-on-Tyne, England, May i, 1866. He

got the rudiments of his
musical education at the
noted Town Hall of that
place, where there is a grand
organ, and sang there in his
boyhood. He came to the
United States in 1882, and
went to St. Paul and was
there during the great fire
in which the Union depot was
burned. Ogden, Utah, was
his next stopping place in
September, 1883, and here
he led a choir in the Fifth
ward for eight years. One
day in 1894 he met George
Primrose, the noted min-
strel, and sang for him,
which resulted in Mr. Kent's
immediate engagement as
-"extra man," a most unprecedented thing and a mark of high
appreciation. He rose from that to stage manager and musi-
cal director, which he filled for five years; was associated in

CHARGES KENT.

THE FINE ARTS.

597

work with Mr. Hyde of Hyde & Beaman, one of the greatest
managerial concerns in the country, and after playing the Keith
& Proctor circuit for a season came to Salt Lake for a long
stay, and opened his present studio in the Constitution build-
ing, where as a vocal teacher he has achieved a wide repu-
tation.

Prof. Kent's soul is in his work and this always counts
largely for success. He is one of the most sympathetic of
baritones, his singing having a resonant charm that is a de-
light to all listeners. He takes pleasure in being recognized
as a Utah man and all who know him reciprocate the feeling.

J. M. CHAMBERLAIN.

JOHN MARVIN CHAMBERLAIN was born May 27, 1844,
in the town of Leicester, England. He left England March

29, 1853, on the sailing vessel
falcon, and was nine weeks on
the sea. Came to New Or-
leans, then took steamboat up
the Mississippi river to Keo-
kuk, Iowa; traveled across the
plains by ox team to Salt Lake
City, Utah, arriving October
16, 1853, walking all the way.
Like others of that time, he
lived through many hard trials.
Was married to Louise Raw-
lings February 21, 1876, and
has seven fine boys to keep up
the family name. In 1866 he

J. M. CHAMBBRI.Am. ^^ .Q ^ g^ JJ^ ^

in Sanpete, in Major Casper's company. He always loved
music and studied the organ and piano with Prof. Orson Pratt.

598 UTAH AS IT IS.

President Brigham Young said he had a future as a musician,
which has been fully borne out. He played on the Taber-
nacle organ for eight years; has written quite a number of
compositions for the piano and organ, two of the most popu-
lar being the "Marvin Waltz," which has had five editions, and
the beautiful piece entitled "Heart Tones." Prof. Radcliffe
said of this last named piece that it is one of the finest ever
published in Utah and a credit to the State. Mr. Chamber-
lain has written quite a number of popular songs for Sunday
school use, among them "Marching Homeward," and "When
Jesus Shall Come in His Glory." He has been the leader of
the Eighth ward choir over thirty years, and connected with
the Eighth ward Sunday school the same length of time.
The children all love him. He has taught piano and organ
music for over twenty-five years, and is the musician of the
firm of Vansant & Chamberlain, No. 51 and 53 Main street,
who have sold a large number of pianos and organs all over
this Western country. He has thousands of friends whose
homes are made happy by his square dealing-.- winning ways
and pleasing personality.

In the earlier years here and during the Indian troubles
Mr, Chamberlain acquired the art of expert shooting, which
with fishing are his favorite pastimes. He has any number of
trophies, such as deer heads, antlers and skins of animals. It
should also be said of him that there are no places where enter-
tainments have taken place in Salt Lake City in which he has
not played for charity, this amounting to many hundreds of
times and being a record of its own. Prof. Chamberlain is
one of the most approachable and unaffected of the able men
before the public.

JOHN HAFEN.

MR. JOHN HAFEN, the popular landscape painter, was
born in Scherzingen, Canton Thurgan, Switzerland, March

THE FINE ARTS.

599

-22, 1856. He emigrated to Utah in 1862. His residence and
studio are at Springville, Utah. He studied in the Julian
Academy, Paris, under Jules Lefebvre and Ben. Constant.
He received the State prize of $500 in 1900, and the medal

of honor in 1902 from the
Utah Art Institute; was
awarded the first prize of
$100 for the best work of
art, and the first prize for
the best landscape by the
State Fair of 1902. He was
decorator of the interior of
the Salt Lake Temple, and
his really fine achievements
are visible wherever one
may go. His career is by
no means developed, it is
only fairly under way. He
is one of the men whose
genius have shed luster up-
on the youngest of the
States, and its people are
not slow in making due ac-
knowledgment of the fact,
while hoping that he and all others may receive a full meas-
ure of encouragement in the field for which nature has so
well equipped them.

JOHN HAFKN.

MERCY RACHEL BAKER.

IN ANOTHER domain of art than that which in this de-
partment has already been considered to some extent, a fine
figure is here presented. It is that of Miss Mercy Rachel
Baker, the principal of the Baker School of Oratory in the

600

U1AB AS IT JS.

Templelon building, Salt Lake City. The art to which she
has become devoted is one that is of inestimable value to the
development of the best manhood and womanhood of the

State — the art
of elocution and
oratory; and
Miss Baker has
shown herself
to be a con-
spicuous suc-
cess in her
chosen field.

S^h e was
born in Men-
don , Cache
County, Utahr
Sept. 29, 1875,
and received
her earlier edu-
cation in the
public schools.
After graduat-
ing from col-
lege, she took
up the occupa-
tion of teaching,
in which she
met with re-
markable suc-
cess. During
the years 1894-
95 she taught
in the Woodruff
school at Logan, Utah, and occupied the position of critic-
teacher for the normal students of the B. Y. College. Her
spare time was passed in the study of literature and ex-

MERCY RACHEL BAKER.

THE FINE ARTS. 601

pression, one that was dear to her above all others from early
childhood. She spent her summer vacations in the Utah
University trying to perfect herself along the lines of litera-
ture and psychology. In 1896 she went east and resumed
her studies with some of the best doctors and professors
there. At Boston she entered the Posse Gymnasium; at Cam-
bridge Dr. Sargent's Sanitary Gymnasium and Harvard Uni-
versity; and in 1891 she graduated with high honors from
the Emerson College of Oratory. After her graduation
Miss Baker visited the leading schools, colleges and universi-
ties of Boston, Cambridge, New York, Buffalo and Chicago,
where she gained much knowledge of methods that was to
prove useful to her in the future. Since her return to Utah
she has held the position of teacher of oratory and physical
education in Preston Academy, Idaho, and in 1903 she came
to Salt Lake City, where she established the Baker School
of Oratory. Here she is meeting with marked success in her
work, so much so that additional help for the ensuing year
is contemplated.

Miss Baker is a well educated, talented and accomplished
young lady of rare gifts and excellent qualities of mind and
character. Her methods are original, but at the same time
strictly psychological and scientific. She has the art of de-
veloping power and originality in her pupils, is quick to per-
ceive the needs of her students and to adapt her methods to
those particular needs. As a reader she possesses marked
ability and displays a tact and talent beyond that usually ob-
served in this profession. Her work is artistic, sincere and
sympathetic, and she interprets the thought, feeling and
beauty of the author's words in an artistic, effective and
charming manner. That she is a Utah girl is a consideration
lending special interest to her work and its success in the
domain of art. She is another figure in the splendid galaxy
of Utah's talented daughters who add to its reputation as

602

U1AH AS II IS.

an art center, and she is likewise one of the self-made women
of our State.

C. E. JOHNSON.

EVERYBODY in this chain of hills knows genial, pushing
'•Charley" Johnson. He was launched upon this sea of
trouble about 1860, in the city of St. Louis, Mo., and was

brought to Utah by his par-
ents soon after. His father,
Joseph E., was one of the
noted journalists of his time,
having published newspa-
pers in Iowa and Nebraska
before coming to Utah, where
he established the Farmer'1*
Oracle at Spring Lake,
Utah County, afterwards 6W
Dixie Times at St. George.
He was one of the most
pushing, energetic, progres-
sive men in Utah, and made
the desert literally blossom
wherever he went. He had
a large and intelligent fami-
ly, Charles E. being but one
of several sons. The old
editor and builder's portrait appears on page 157.

The subject of this chapter has for years been one of
the leading photographers of the Western country, his finely
equipped establishment on West Temple street being a fine
art gallery as well. It is a favorite resort of the theatrical
profession. Acknowledgment is here made of the assistance

C. E. JOHNSON.

THE UNh AR1S.

603

furnished this work by Mr. Johnson, most of the portraits
herein contained being the product of his studio.

J. A. DEBOUZEK.

THIS noted engraver was born in 1874 *n France. He
emigrated with his parents to Nebraska at the age of four,
and located on a farm. From his eighth year up to the
twenty-fifth he made his way through the public schools and

took a degree in college at
Vallpariso, Ind., and another
at the Chicago Art Institute,
and traveled as a commer-
cial salesman practically all
over the United States.
After two years spent in
Chicago engraving houses,
he started the DeBouzek
Engraving Co. in Salt Lake
City. From that on this
house has been a great suc-
cess. No competition could
stand before it and now it
sends work all over the in-
termountain country, and
owns the finest engraving
plant in the West. From a
penniless boy at eight
years that could neither

write nor speak English he has worked up to a fine position in
the world, though the artistic life is seldom a successful finan-
cial one. He owns in addition to the engraving plant some
farming lands in Oklahoma and with his successful mining
ventures has no regrets because of the artistic life not being
an altogether remunerative one.

J. A, DEBOUZEK.

Part III.— Appendix.

NOTEWORTHY EVENTS OF RECENT OC

CURRENCE, DROPPED STITCHES AND

CORRECTIONS.

IT WAS fondly hoped at the beginning of this work and,
in fact, until a long time after, that there would be no
need of appendix, addenda or corrections, or anything in that
line, but this wish was not to be gratified. The prolonga-
tion of the publishing beyond the time at which it was ex-
pected the book would appear — the end of 1903 — has made
it advisable to mako mention of some important events occur-
ring about and since that time and thus have everything up
to date. Also some errors have been disclosed that need
attention, these occurring in spite of the closest scrutiny;
and though mainly typographical they are in some cases
misleading, and under any view of the case are exceedingly
annoying. The "dropped stitches," as to data and departures,
are gathered up and properly placed in their department,
which no doubt will be found quite interesting on its own ac-
count and therefore no excuses need be offered for it.

THE WAR FOOTING.

UTAH'S MILITARY STATUS AND RECORD AT
HOME AND ABROAD.

SHORTLY before the holidays a systematic and sympa-
thetic strike broke out in the great coal fields of the
southeastern part of Utah and the interior of Carbon coun-
ties, this rapidly becoming a menace to law and order. The
strikers had determined that their places should not be filled
by non-union men, and it was decided upon to call out the
armed force of the State, organized as the National Guard of
Utah, and this was done. In frigid weather the boys per-
formed their duties faithfully for several weeks, until the
menace had passed and peace and security were assured,
then returned to their homes. They are a fine lot of young
men, well commanded, and can be depended upon in any
emergency. This introductory statement paves the way for
a chapter relating to Utah's general military service and
capacity.

This State has not made much of a reputation in a mili-
tant way, because the people as a rule incline to the
peaceable side of propositions; yet it has not exempted itself
from warlike measures by any means nor have its people
been any more backward when there was a call for armed
force than have people elsewhere. As a matter of record,
for a long period following the first year or two of Utah's
settlement, fighting with the aborigines was a common, and
for months at a time a continuous, thing; much of this was on
account of the Government, for which, as has already been
shown, there has been no setttement made. It is to be
observed that none of this was sought, the policy being to
treat the natives kindly and to meet force with force only

606 UTAH AS IT IS.

when compelled to do so, a plan which has produced much
more beneficial results than indiscriminate and relentless war-
fare ever could have accomplished.

The ''disloyalty of the Mormons" has been paraded
before the public so much by embittered opponents or disap-
pointed partisans that it is accepted in some places and by
a few people as a matter of course. It is industriously pre-
sented— though not so industriously as once was the case —
that the Saints have a government of their own, above and
separate from all other governments, that hey are a law
unto themselves, and so on. and hence their persecutions in
their former homes and in Utah. A part of their disloyal
tendencies, it is claimed, is shown in their taking no part in
the war of the rebellion, their position being counted worse
than that of the rebels themselves because of taking no hand
on either side. Perhaps it never occurred to the critics that
the same objection might have been urged against the
Quakers, but no matter as to that. It ought to be consid-
ered, even where it is not, that no call was made on the Mor-
mons for aid, that no requisition was made even on the Ter-
ritory which they inhabited. Perhaps they would not have
responded if such call had been made — perhaps they, or some
of them, might. It would be charitable as well as legal to
give them the benefit of the doubt, especially in view of the
antecedent and recent facts that Mormons in large numbers
have been enrolled in the armies of the United States and
gone forth to fight under its flag at the direction of its offi-
cers. Utah, like California, contained a great many Confed-
erate sympathizers who. if they had been subjected to a
strong enough pressure to make them enter the civil war at
all, would unhesitatingly have placed themselves amid that
gallant, splendid array over whose serried columns floated
the "bonny blue flag," the Stars and Bars of the sunny South-
land. From personal observation, which may have been im-
perfect because of the extreme youth and equally extreme
disloyalty of the writer, he believes that the greater number

1HE WAR P 001 ING. 607

here inclined sympathetically toward the Confederates, and
there were other reasons for this than sheer opposition to the
Union cause. In the first place, the matchless unanimity, the
uncontrollable enthusiasm, the chivalry, daring and unques-
tionable prowess characterizing the Southern armies chal-
lenged the admiration of the whole world, while their earlier
achievements afield seemed to proclaim them the winners in
advance of the desperate game in which so much was at
stake. That such people were contemplating the glamour
rather than the actuality is neither here nor there; but for that
glamour all soldiers would be assassins, all leaders butchers,
and all fighting governments despoilers. I have given this
as a matter of belief; it remains as a matter of fact that all
were not rebel sympathizers, and the ranks of the other class
contained some of the biggest and best informed men in the
community. Among these were George A. Smith, first
counselor to President Brigham Young; President Daniel H.
Wells; Thomas Watson, one of the most extensive travelers,
experienced business men and best posted citizens in the
community; Elias Smith, editor of the Deseret JVcws, and
several others. The writer was an apprentice in the News
during the greater part of the war, and most of the mechani-
cal force looked at things political as he did. One day came
the announcement of the capture of Donelson by Grant; the
editor came into the composing room with the dispatch, his
countenance fairly beaming. "Oh," said he, UI told you fel-
lows you had better not be too fast rejoicing over rebel vic-
tories. You see the bull dog has got hold at last!" In this
connection, it may as well be noted that, whether it is true or
not that no Mormons engaged in the civil war, a great many
who were on one side or the other have since entered the
Church, some of them immediately or shortly after the fight-
ing ceased.

The showing becomes a much better one when it is con-
sidered that the Mormons have promptly responded to every
call made upon them by the Government, and these have not
been so seldom as the antis would have the world believe. It

608 U1AH AS IT IS.

should further be held in remembrance that Mormons vied
with Gentiles in responding to the last calls made, in 1898;
that the service of the Mormons was equal to that of any
other soldiers in the field and that proportionately as many of
them were killed and wounded. Just at this point let us look
at another proposition : Some of the boys who went forth
to do battle for their country were not only sons of polyga-
mists, but polygamous offspring themselves! It is thus shown
that lives which the Government did all it could to repress,
and whose authors were hounded, imprisoned and fined, were
offered and received in defense of its honor and its flag! One
of these climbed very high, not only in rank but in achieve-
ments ot gallantry and skill on the field of battle; his name is
Richard W. Young, and he was a major. A. M. Musser
had two sons, both the offspring of polygamous unions, in
that army, and there were others, all of whom made splendid
records. Let us look at these things occasionally and not
quite so often at the other side.

Returning to the National Guard: The National Guard
of Utah was organized pursuant to law in March, 1894. The
report of the Adjutant-General, Charles S. Burton, for
1902, shows that within a few days of the executive ap-
proval of the act providing for the Guard, three companies
were mustered in with their full complement of officers
and men; and the work of enlistment progressed with
such rapidity that within a few months a somewhat imposing
brigade, so far as concerns numerical strength and variety of
branches of the service, had come into existence. There were
no less than sixteen companies of infantry, three troops of
cavalry, two batteries of light artillery, together with a signal
and a hospital corps, the counties represented in these organ-
izations being Cache, Box Elder, Weber, Morgan, Davis,
Tooele, Utah, Sanpete, Sevier, Garfield and Salt Lake, the
equipment of this large body of men being made possible by
the fact that Utah's share of the Congressional appropriation
biennially made for the support of the National Guard of the

THE WAR FOOTING. 609

country, had been accumulating as a credit on the books of
the War Department, and it became at once available upon the
requisition of the Governor when the bill for the organization
of the militia of this then Territory h:id become law. It
thus transpired that a sum approaching eight thousand dol-
lars could be drawn in ordnance and quartermaster supplies;
and this was done, permitting the complete equipment of our
forces in arms and other ordnance and the issue to them of
the usual requisite portions of the fatigue or service uniform.
But the Guard had entered only upon the experimental period
of its existence, and great as was the zeal and enthusiasm of
both officers and men, these were soon found to be an imper-
fect substitute for experience. It became apparent that for
the effective maintenance of the organization something more
was needed than guns and clothes from Washington. From
some source means had to be procured to pay the rent of ar-
mories and drill halls; to hire horses for the mounted service;
to furnish subsistence and per diem to those called into active
service; and to meet the numerous incidental expenses neces-
sarily incurred. The generosity of the Legislature at the
time was not equal to the ardor of the recruits, doubtless due
to a lack of knowledge as to the needs of the situation as well
as to a recognition of the state of the treasury. The result
was, at any rate, that the different organizations either taxed
themselves individually for the means, or suffered in efficiency
and interest from the lack of the indispensable facilities above
referred to. The path of prudence therefore lay along the
lines of retrenchment; and while the legislative appropriation
increased with each succeeding session, through a friendly
recognition of the unselfish and patriotic service which our
young men had undertaken to perform, a reduction in the
strength of the organization became a necessity. To the
credit of those earlier companies it must be said, however,
that nearly all of them served out with honor and with com-
mendable efficiency the full term of their enlistment; after
which it was comparatively easy to restrain and discourage

610

UTAH AS IT IS.

recruiting at remote and unsuitable stations. To give legis-
lative sanction to this policy and to emphasize the idea of
efficiency rather than numbers, our law-makers have amended
the military code from time to time in conformity with the
view set forth, until at present the authorized strength of the
'organized militia may not exceed ten companies of infantry,
two troops of cavalry, two batteries of artillery, and a signal
and hospital corps, with a total of about nine hundred men if
each organization shall contain its maximum number of mem-
bers. This force, or even two-thirds of it, will probably
answer, for years to come, every need and requirement of
the State. The aim should be to make it compact and effi-
cient, and to this end every reasonable encouragement should
be extended both officially and on the part of the public gen-
erally.

Other incidents in the history of the National Guard during
the eight years of its existence maybe briefly summarized as

UTAH BOYS IN THE PHILIPPINES.

THE WAR FOOTING.

611

follows: Some of its companies have on different occasions
performed duty in connection with other threatened riots or
danger to the public peace and good order, in each case man-
ifesting great prudence and discretion in the delicate service
required. It has been assembled five times in general
encampment for instruction, besides three or four times as
battalions or by company for instruction in camp duty. It
furnished from its commissioned strength almost every officer
who served with Utah's volunteers in the recent war with
Spain, as well as a large proportion of the enlisted men of
those organizations, whose glowing record for patriotism and
gallantry will ever find a place in the annals of the Nation and
in the hearts of the people of this State; while in the some-
times exacting duties required in time of peace, such as turn-
ing out for parades, processions and other occasions of cere-
mony, there has always been a ready willingness to respond,
at whatsoever personal inconvenience and frequently at con-
siderable individual expense.

The organized strength of the Guard at present, as
shown from the latest returns and muster rolls of the organi-
zations, is as follows:

Date of
Enlistment.

Station.

Commis-
sioned
Officers.

Non-Com-
missioned
Officers
and
Privates.

Total.

Gen. Staff and Field
Officers and Staffs

Salt Lake.

Signal Corps

Nov 1 3 '04

Suit Lake

Hospital Corps

Feb *Q7

Salt Lake

I 3.

Company B

Oct IQ 'Q?

Bountiful

•i

Company F

Nov 24 '97

Manti

Battery A
Company H

Sept. 16, 'oo
Jan 21, '01

Salt Lake.
Salt Lake

Company G

April 9, '01.

Provo

Company A
Troop A . ...

April 27, '01.
Feb 18 '02

Nephi
Salt Lake

ist Infantry Band

Nov. '02

Salt Lake

O/
IQ

Totals

4O2

44.C

612 UTAH AS IT IS.

The names of the commissioned officers of the National
Guard of Utah are as follows:

GOVERNOR'S STAFF.

Gen. C. S. Burton, Adjutant General Salt Lake City

Col. N. W. Clayton, Quartermaster General " '« "

Col. S. H. Pinkerton, Surgeon General '• " "

Col. Benner X. Smith, Judge Advocate General " " "

Col. W. J. Shealy, Commissary General Ogden, Utah

Col. Geo. A. Seaman, Ins. Gen. Target Practice Abraham, Utah

Lt. Col. E. S. Ferry, Aide-de-Camp Salt Lake City

Lt. Col. John D Spencer, Aid-de-Camp «• " "

General John Q. Cannon, Brigadier General ** «* •*

BRIGADE STAFF.

Lt. Col. H.M H. Lund, Asst, Ins. Gen. Act. P. M Salt Lake City

Lt. Col. W. F. Beer, Asst. Surgeon General '• " "

Lt. Col. J. D. Ford, Asst. Ins. Tar. Practice " " "

Major S. A King, Judge Advocate Provo, Utah

Major R. J. Glendenning, Aid-de-Camp Salt Lake City

Major E. S. Woodward, Aid-de-Camp " " '•

Lt. Col. J. A. Greenwald, ist Inf. " " "

FIRST INFANTRY STAFF.

Major L. S. Heywood, ist Battalion, ist Inf Bountiful, Utah

Major Wm. T. Dunn, 2nd Battalion, ist Inf Nephi, Utah

Major C. M Benedict, Regimental Surgeon Salt Lake City

Capt. Sam S. Porter, Quartermaster «* " "

Capt. F. S. Munn, Adjutant " " "

Capt. C. W. Bewman, Asst. Inf. Rifle Practice " " "

UNB OFFICERS.

Capt. W. C. Webb, Battery A., Lt. Arty Salt Lake City

Capt. W. C. Andrews, Company A, ist. Inf Nephi. Utah

Capt S. J. Ulman, Troop A, ist. Cav Salt Lake City

Capt. G . N. War wick, Company D, ist. Inf. " " "

Capt. Lamoni Cill, Company E. ist. Inf. Bountiful,Utah

Capt. Fred. Kammerman, Company F., ist. Inf. Manti, Utah

Capt.R H. Thomas, Company G, ist Inf Provo, Utah

Capt. W. G. Williams, Company H, ist Inf Salt Lake City

Capt. A. A. Smith, Signal Corps " " "

ist. Lieut. H L Hennings, Dattery A •« " '•

" " W. E. Kneass, Battery A ; " " '«

«' " E. V. Smith, Troop A " u

•• " J A. Hyde, Company A Nephi, Utah

" " O. H. Hassing, Company I) Salt Lake City

THE WAR FOOTING.

613

" " W. P. Whittaker, Company B » Bountiful,Utah

" " David Nielson, Company F Manti, Utah

11 " O. P. Smoot, Company G Provo, Utah

" A. B. Pembroke, Company H Salt Lake City

" " A. J. Skidmore, Signal Corps " " "

" '•' L. H. Bero, Signal Corps u " "

2nd Lieut Fred U. Leonard, Battery A " »' «'

" " A. W. Caine, Jr., Troop A " " 4<

" *' E. D. S. Sorenson, Company A Ne phi, Utah

" *• A. W. Hodgert, Company D Salt Lake City

11 " Walter Duncan, Company E Bountiful,Utah

" " Ernest Jorgenson, Company E Manti, Utah

" «' F. G. Dust, Company G Provo, Utah

" " F. P. Bassett, Company H Salt Lake City

The services of the Mormon Battalion, the Black Hawk
and other veterans, are elsewhere spoken of.

RECENT EVENTS.

POLITICAL AND OTHER OCCURENCES WORTHY
OF RECORD.

AS previously indicated, there have been some things take
place which could not be presented in the previous
chapters by reason of not having occurred when those chap-
ters were printed, but which are available now and entitled
to mention. Among these are the municipal elections which
occurred throughout the State on November 5, 1903, and
which resulted, in a majority of cases, in a change in the
personnel as well as the policy of administration. In Salt
Lake City, for example, the Republicans were completely
overthrown, their victorious opponents being about as much
surprised as themselves. The Democrats carried all the
general offices and six out of fifteen councilmen. The pres-
ent city government is as follows, the Democratic councilmen
being marked * :

Mayor, Richard P. Morris; Recorder, John S. Critchlow;
Attorney, Charles C. Dey; Auditor, Charles B. Felt; Treas-
urer, Fisher S. Harris. Councilmen: T. R. Black, A. F.
Barnes,* A. J. Davis, E. H. Davis,* George D. Dean, F. S.
Fernstrom,* E. A. Hartenstein,* Thomas Hobday, L. D.
Martin, G. M. Neuhausen, Joseph H. Preece, W. J. Tudden-
ham,* R. S, Wells,* L. J. Wood, F. J. Hewlett.

The new Mayor, Richard P. Morris, is a son of Richard
V. and Hannah P. Morris, and was born in the city he now

RECENT. EVENTS.

615

presides over on December 23, 1857. He was educated in
the local schools, and at the early age of thirteen began tele-
graphing and railroad work, having remained on the old
Utah Central for twenty-five years. Fifteen years ago he
quit railroad work and went into the coal business and en-
gaged in other enterprises.
His rise as an official was
rapid and steady, beginning
with a term as Councilman
from the Third ward, fol-
lowed by an election to the
office of City Treasurer in
1899 and re-election 'm I9°1'
on which latter occasion he
enjoyed the distinction of be-
ing the only man on his
ticket who pulled through.
In November, 1903, he was
nominated for Mayor by
the Democratic convention,
and though his and his as-
sociates' chances were for a
while regarded as nil, he
succeeded in being elected
by the startling majority of over 2,200, his triumph being so
pronounced as to carry the whole ticked through. The
writer has enjoyed a personal acquaintance with Mayor
Morris for many years; in fact, they were telegraphers on
the same line for a long time. He is capable and exact in
all his doings, a thorough business man and a first-class
citizen.

Charles B. Felt, the new City Auditor, was born
in Salt Lake City January i^, 1860. He was educated in the
common schools and entered the Deseret University, from
which he withdrew at an early age to enter business. He en-
tered the employ of Gilmer, Salisbury & Co., then operating

RICHARD P. MORRIS.

616

U1AH AS IT IS.

extensive stage lines throughout the West, in the auditing de-
partment. Mr. Felt went to Europe in 'the fall of 1880 in the
interest of the Mormon Church, spending two years at the
headquarters of the European mission in the financial and

emigrating department, tak-
ing up the position of audi-
tor for Gilmer, Salisbury &
Co. and some mining cor-
porations on his return in
1882. In 1888 he became
superintendent of the Mon-
tana & Arizona Stage Co.,
continuing headquarters in
Salt Lake. Disposing of
those interests in 1895, he
accepted the position of
cashier of the First Bank of
Mercur, remaining with that
institution during the time of
its existence. He was depu-
ty County Clerk under D.
C. Dunbar during 1897, resigning to accept a position under
O. J. Salisbury, acting as his private secretary and as secre-
tary and manager of the Groesbeck Co., now occupying
the same position in the Salisbury Co., successors to the
other. He has occupied several important Church positions,
and has been an active worker in the Democratic ranks since
the division on national lines. He was a candidate for the
suffrages of the people for the first time in the campaign of
1903, when he was elected to his present position.

CHARLES B. KELT.

OGDEN.

Mayor, William Glasmann; Recorder, W. J. Critch-
low; Treasurer, James Halvorsen; Attorney, J. E. Bagley;
Judge, J. A. Howell. Councilmen, R. B. Paine, T. H. Carr,

RECENT EVENTS. 617

Alex. Moyes, J. E. Williams, William Craig, Harvey Ran-
dall, S. W. Chambers, Max Davidson,* J. E. Nye, Rollo
Emmett.*

PROVO.

Mayor, W. M. Roylance;* Recorder, W. E. Harding;
Attorney, Jacob Evans; Justice of the Peace, A. A. Noon;
Marshal, W. K. Henry;* Councilmen : Niels Johnson, C. F.
Decker,* James Gray,* W. D. Roberts, Jr.,* Jesse Harding,
C. H. Miller, A*. L. Booth, J. B. Richmond, E. D. Partridge,*
Moroni Snow.*

LOGAN.

Mayor, E. W. Robinson; Recorder, Hattie Smith;
Treasurer, Lucy F. Pardon;* Attorney, T. E. Keeler;* Mar-
shal, Elmer Crockett; Justice of the Peace, L. S. Cardon;*
Councilmen: H. E. Hatch,* H. J. Carlisle,* T. H. Smith,
William Evans,* John Quayle, John Crawford, Eli . Bell,
George Lindquist, James McNeil, N. M. Hansen .*

SOME PROMINENT RAILROADERS.

E. E. CALVIN.

MR. CALVIN was born in Indianapolis, Ind., on Oct. 16,
1858, and received his earlier education in the public schools.
He enteied the railway service as a telegraph operator on the
Big 4 railroad in 1875, an<3 went to the Union Pacific in the
same capacity in April, 1877, remaining there till October,
1879. He was appointed superintendent of the Union Pacific
coal mines at that time, a position that was held till June, 1881,
becoming train dispatcher on the Oregon Short Line in
April, 1882, and there remaining till June, 1887. He was

618

UTAH AS IT IS.

superintendent of the Missouri Pacific from June, 1887, till

February, 1891, and filled
the same position on the
Oregon Short Line from the
latter date till June, 1895.
He was made general
superintendent of the Inter-
national and Great Northern,
a position that was held from
June, 1895, fo March, 1897,
on which latter date he be-
came general superintendent
of the Oregon Short Line,
so continuing till May, 1903,
and on the i5th of May fol-
lowing was assigned to his
present station, assistant gen-
eral manager of the Oregon
Short Line.

Perhaps no one ever
held so many important posi-
tions in the same length of time, and certainly no one ever
filled them more acceptably, as the steady advancement dis-
closes.

E. CALVIN.

D. E. BURLEY.

THIS gentleman, one of the most prominent and popular
among the widely known railroad men of the West, is a
native of Ohio, having been born in Buller County in 1849.
In the spring of 1861 his parents moved to Greencastle,
Ind., where he went through the public schools and took a
course in Asbury College from 1865 to 1867. He moved to
Omaha in the spring of 1870 and lived there till 1873, when
he went to Sidney, Neb., with an old frontiersman, remaining

RECEN1 EVENTS.

619

there till the next year when he returned to Omaha, and
accepted an appointment as deputy sheriff, which place he

held till Jan. i, 1878. He
then went to Spotted Tail Ind-
ian agency, 20 miles north
of Yankton, Dak., where he
had charge of a tradership.
The next fall he again re-
turned to Omaha, and was
' soon after appointed travel-
ing passenger agent for the
Union Pacific, with head-
quarters at Baltimore, Mary-
land, and in charge of all the
territory within a great ra-
dius embracing all east of
Parkersburg, W. Va., and
Mobile, La., and south of
Philadelphia and Harris-
burg, Pa. On July i, 1889*
the headquarters were re-
moved from Baltimore to

Philadelphia, and on Jan. i. 1891, he was transferred to Salt
Lake City, being promoted to the position of General Agent
Passenger Department for the Union Pacific and in charge
of the territory between Cheyenne, Wyo., and Huntington,
Oregon. On March 17, 1897, he left the Union Pacific and
went to the Oregon Short Line as general passenger and
ticket agent, the position he now holds and which he has all
along held with the greatest of satisfaction to the company
*nd the public.

D. E. BURLEY.

THOMAS M. SCHUMACHER.

THIS noted railroad man was born Feb. 16, 1861, at
Williamsport, Pa. He commenced railroading in 1879 as

620

UTAH AS IT IS.

telegraph operator. In 1880 he went into train service as
fireman and brakeman, and in 1882 returned to office work,
where he filled various positions, as bill clerk, cashier and

chief clerk in C. C. C. & I.
offices, St. Louis and East
St. Louis, until 1887. From
Nov. ist, 1887, to ApriljiSpi,
was chief clerk in the Union
Pacific office at St. Louis,
and from April, 1891, to Oc-
tober. 1894, was chief clerk
in the general freight office
of the Union Pacific at
Omaha. In October, 1894,
he was appointed general
agent of the Union Pacific
at San Francisco, remaining
there until Nov. ist, 1899.
Then went with the Conti-
nental Fruit Express Co., as
vice-president and general
manager, being there for
two years. He then returned
to the Union Pacific as general agent at San Francisco in
November, 1900, remaining there until September, 1901. He
was then appointed traffic manager of the Oregon Short
Line at Salt Lake City, his present position. That he is a cap-
able and satisfactory representative of the great interests
which employ him is attested by his steady advancement.

THOMAS M. SCHUMACHER.

DANIEL S. SPENCER.

THIS exceedingly popular railway man first opened his
eyes upon this sinful world on June 12, 1857, in Salt Lake

RECENT EVENTS

621

City. He went to school at an early age, and acquired as
much in the way of an education as the facilities of the time
would admit of, meaning a very good one. His first employ-
ment was in the Deseret Telegraph Company's office on Main
street, where he began in the usual way. It did not take him
long to become quite expert in the business, and after some

two years of such service he
was employed, in 1874, by
the then Utah Central and
Utah Southern railways, the
former now the Oregon
Short Line and the latter
the San Pedro. His rise
was continuous and rapid,
filling all the minor stations
until 1877, when he was ap-
pointed ticket agent, then
train dispatcher and then
chief clerk of the passenger
department. On the absorp-
tion of the two roads named
by the Union Pacific he be-
came chief clerk in the
passenger department of the
mountain division, holding
this place till March, 1897,
when the Oregon Short Line, having been detached from
the Union Pacific, he became chief clerk to Mr. Burley,
elsewhere spoken of at length. On March 4, 1901, Mr.
Spencer was promoted to the responsible station he now holds
— assistant general passenger agent.

It is a needless task to set forth a person's merits when
a statement of his career so well discloses them. The writer
worked in the office where Mr. Spencer began his business
career and can cheerfully testify that no more attentive, up-
right, affable boy ever rendered service anywhere within the

DANIEL S. SPENCER.

622

I TAH AS IT IS.

writer's knowledge. These qualities have followed him into
manhood and grown with his growth, and he is respected by
all who know him. He is a married man with a goodly fam-
ily, and is quite as favorably regarded as a citizen as in his
business callings. It is safe to say that he has by no means
reached the summit of his career.

LEHI SUGAR FACTORY.

DROPPED STITCHES.

A FEW LITTLE MATTERS OVERLOOKED AND
UNDERLOOKED IN PREVIOUS CHAPTERS.

IN THE second line of Congressman HowelFs sketch on
page 412, the reader will please strike out "was moved"
and insert in lieu thereof "his parents moved to Wellsville,
of course taking him with them." No mention is made of
Mr. Howell's mercantile career in that place, which was very
extensive, successful and long continued.

UTAH once had a county which is not elsewhere named
herein, bearing the musical name of Shambip. That the peo-
ple of the early days were somewhat short on eatables, wear-
ables, lucre and in fact all things tending to make life enjoy-
able is well enough known; but that they were as hard up
for names as the foregoing circumstance would indicate is not
so well understood.

TOWARD the beginning of this book is a picture of the
"first house in Utah," which it seems was not the first one,
there being a record of one or two other structures which
were called houses, for want of a better name, perhaps. The
picture represent the first house in Salt Lake City at least*

024 UTAH AS IT IS.

IN A flight of rhetorical fancy, on page 99, the writer
declares that "white-throated peace perches upon the ram-
parts of the State." Perhaps the bird is there yet; but at this
particular writing she must wear a troubled look at times and
seem as if she thought some of taking a little fly just for
exercise. She will settle down again, though.

THE house on page 201, labeled as that of H. C. Ward-
leigh, belongs to Dr. A. S. Condon, statesman, physician and
all-round good man. He and his family live in the place, of
course.

IN THE mention of Joseph F. Smith as a boy, eight years
old, driving h;s mother's team (page 363), he is pronounced
the youngest teamster in the business. It appears, however,
that F. M. Lyman at the same age drove a team entirely
across the plains.

ON PAGE 406, after the caption "William H. King," in-
sert "ex-Representative to Congress;" and on page 408, after
the caption "James T. Hammond," insert "Secretary of
State."

AMONG the sweet singers of Utah, many of whom are
named on page 589, should be placed the name of Viola
Pratt Gillette, now well and properly advanced in profes-
sional life.

AMONG those entitled to mention in the ministry depart-

DROPPED STITCHES. 625

merit, as well as on general principles, is Lycurgus A. Wil-
son, of Salt Lake City, a faithful worker for many years. He
is a native of Utah, having been born at Salem in 1856. He
was a telegraph operator at fifteen and taught school for
twelve years. He studied law for three years with Judge
Booth of Provo, and went to Mexico with John W. Young as
his attorney. After a year's stay business affairs collapsed
and returning here went to work as a book-keeper in the
office of Bishop Preston until the opening of the Temple,
when he took a place in it and has remained there ever since.
He is a faithful, upright man.

SEVERAL newspapers have been started of late, chief
among them being the daily Ogden State Journal, an out-
growth of the weekly by the same name. The stalwart son
of Utah, F. J. Cannon, who brings to journalism the qualities
of a statesman, is editor, the management being as formerly.
It is Democratic in politics. t^ftDCTOf t Llbflfo

The morning Examiner, also of Ogden and also Demo-
cratic, a well-appearing, well conducted sheet, became a more
recent entity in the field.

The Christian Advocate and Children^ friend, both of
Salt Lake, are entitled to mention. So is the Crisis a very
recent Socialist production of the same place.

The Manti Free Press has disappeared from the scene,
the Messenger having absorbed it, the latter being now con-
ducted by N. P. Nelson.

The Tri-City Times, weekly, issued at American Fork
by J. T.Jakeman, is the newest venture to record in this line.

WHILE two or three female doctors are mentioned in
these pages, they are spoken of chiefly in some other connec-

626

U1AU AS II JS.

tion. There is one in Salt Lake who is a Pioneer, a thor-
oughly good woman and is devoted exclusively to the prac-
tice of medicine, in which she is very successful. Her name
is Romania B. Pratt and she is the mother of a large and re-
spectable family, among whom is Parley P., headman of the
Pratt Drug Co.

THERE is an Information Bureau, under the auspices of
the Mormon Church, near the south entrance of the Temple
block, Salt Lake City. Here tourists or anybody else can
get all the pointers needed for their immediate guidance. It
is conducted by Benjamin Goddard, a capable and obliging
man; he and his numerous aides are ever ready to oblige
callers without its costing them anything or their receiving
pay .otherwise. The non-Mormon element have a similar
bureau, but naturally the word given out is different.

GREAT TABERNACLE ORGAN.

ERRATA.

HERE is a string of errata for which the writer acknowl-
edges no responsibility whatever:

On page 170, sixth line from the bottom, the name should
bej. W. Hughes.

Page 173, under cut of Phil. Margetts, insert another- t
in the surname'.

On page 386, "Governor Durkel" should be "Governor
Durkee."

Page 390, second line from the top, for 1892 read 1902.

Page 434? second line ot Aquila N^beker's sketch,
"Lovena" should be "Lurena." Some of the matter follow-
ing, while relating to Mr. Nebeker, has more application to
his father.

Page 454, Bp. McRae's birth is deferred till the year
2846, a circumstance which would deprive us of the good
Bishop's company for a long time. Of course the year is
1846.

Page 463, second line from top, for "Herron" read
"Huron."

Page =;2i, third line from top, for i8o7 read i87o.

CORRECTIONS

Not appearing in Errata.

Page 252, "Barratt Hall" should be " Brigham Young
Memorial."

Page 141, third line from bottom, "two" should be "five."

Page 443, S. W. Stewart . omitted from index.

Page 481, A. V. Taylor, omitted from index.

Page 497, "Albert Powers, Physician," should be "Dr.
H. J: Powers;" "Sanitary Inspector" should be omitted
from first line of sketch, name under portrait and index to be

IN CONCLUSION— IN MEMORIAM.

IT HAS been suggested that the perpetrator of this vol-
ume, having said so much about other people, say something
about his own career; and as it is a short story and no one
else wants to bring up the tail end of the procession, he com-
plies.

The writer of the foregoing chapters (and this one also)
happened to the earth about the middle of the last century;
which side of the line is unimportant. The place was the little
town of St. Francisville, on the Des Moines river, a short
distance above where it (the river, not the town) empties into
the Mississippi, a place then noted for catfish and Baptists, the
writer being neither.

The father's and mother's Christian names were Foster
Ray and Sarah Catherine; the former died at Manti, Utah,
on May 27, 1892, the latter at Madisonville, Kentucky, in
1857, leaving the writer a thousand miles from home, very
young, very small and very tender, conditions which — es-
pecially as to the latter — he has outgrown forlo! these many
years.

Time passed along, as it always does, and the writer
went to school. Presumably, he learned something; but it
couldn't have been very much, because of his having learned
something since and the stock on hand even now not being
so extensive as to justify starting an institute on the capital
acquired.

Pretty soon matters got to be warm. The North and the
South were saying rude things and doing real mean ones to
each other. The grandmother in the case, God bless her,
who had been for many years trying to get her wayward off-
spring to pull out for the valleys of the mountains, at last

IN CONCLUSION.

629

succeeded, and all hands lined out for the land of the setting
sun. Within a reasonable time we were upon the broad
plains which placed their mighty stretch between us and the
place we wanted to get to. After a few weeks' stay at Flor-
ence, Neb., then a promising place with as much as seven
houses and twenty-four inhabitants, a company was got to-
gether and the wide ocean of real estate lying to the west
was entered upon.

The novelty of such experience soon wore away and the
experiences became monotonous and fatiguing. Among the
boys of the train with whom the writer continually associated
were C. Ed. Loose and his brother Warren. The former is

the well-known millionaire
of Provo, whose career is
extensively set out in an-
other place in this book; the
other lives in California, and
both are royal good men as
they were then royal good
boys. When not walking
along or sitting down with

one or both of these, talking
tariff or prize fights andswap-
ping lies, the writer was in
the habit of taking a family
heirloom in the shape of an
old yager of the time of Te-
cumseh and going out hunt-
ing, shooting (at) jack rabbits
and such. The gun was

HkC * ^ ^^ P™^ '"

the train — a chronic kicker.

Once, while in a hurry and somewhat nervous, too much
powder and shot were tumbled into the ancient piece of ar-
tillery and when it went off the writer went down. His
guardian angel had provided for him a nice, soft cushion

THE WRITER.

630 UTAH AS IT IS.

omposed of prickly pears, and on this he dropped. He
also got up again.

Occasionally, when quite done up with pedestrianism, the
writer was permitted for a short time to occupy a sitting place
on the forward part of the hurricane deck of the prairie
schooner, overlooking the patient, plodding oxen that were es-
corting him to Zion at the rate of a mile in an hour and a quart-er.

Time continued to pass, there being no law against
passes at the time. That magnificent structure erected by
Dame Nature when she was a young girl, Independence Rock,
was reached. It still stands out conspicuously in the writer'i
memory, who remembers it as being cleft and a stream of water
running through. The opening, to the youthful mind, which
had read things, was suggestive of the Pass of Thermopylae,
where Leonidas with a handful of men succeeded in failing
to keeping back a million or so of Persians; also that other
pass in Switzerland, where a man named Arnold Winkelreid
(who must have been addicted to the vintage that made Mil-
waukee famous) threw himself into the breach and became at
once a pincushion for the Austrians' spears, shouting as he
did so — "Make way for (hie!) liberty!" On a smooth and
flat surface some distance above the ground the writer in-
scribed his name along with those of several other fools.
The only point remembered after that until near the end is
Fort Bridger, which secured a place in the warder of the
brain by reason of a log cabin which passed itself off as a
ranch house, store, restaurant, postoffice, residence and a few
other things that can't be remembered. The solitary oc-
cupant was a man who had a keg of sorghum which he sold
at fifty cents a pint. By reason of the protective tariff regu-
lations ot the Sioux, who required a goodly percentage of
sugar among the voluntary contributions placed upon their
outspread blankets along the road and who collected once a
day on an average, the saccharine supply of the train had
run out; so the man disposed of all his sweetened tar at the
figure named.

IN CONCLUSION. 631

Time — but never mind about time. One night the pil-
grims reached a place not far from where is now the world-
renowned Park City, and were informed that early next day
we would obtain a view of the glorious valley toward which
we had been toiling. Next morning, without waiting for
breakfast, the writer set out hot-footed for the summit, and
reached it a long time ahead of the train, so much so that he
felt something like one of the oldest inhabitants when it came
lumbering along. The valley burst upon the vision all at
once. Beautiful spectacle! Glorious panorama! Delight-
some consummation ! The end of travel and its attendant
travail for three leaden-footed months outspread before the
longing yet satisfied gaze! So absorbed was the youth in his
reflections and emotions that for a time the customary method
of expressing exuberance was unthought of, but not for long;
and when it did come, the outburst of enthusiastic hurrahing
would have scared an Indian into retirement.

The train pulled into town at last and camped right on
the spot where the great City and County Building stands. It
was the last night of camping out. Next morning Captain
Walling bade all hands good-bye, and the company disin-
tegrated. Many of them went to work in different parts of
the city, some went into the country, a few went on to Cali-
fornia, and the remainder went to jail.

A period of looking around with nothing doing for the
writer followed, ending with an engagement as apprentice
in the Deseret News office, where he was placed upon
the road to fortune at the rate of $16 a month and
found — sometimes. Three years, containing each some 47
months, elapsed after a while, and the apprentice became a full-
fledged printer. Then a season of rambling followed by more
printing, during which practical telegraphy was learned and
followed at different times. More printing, and in the midst
of it the reading of law was taken up and an admission to
the bar of the Supreme Court effected, without the aid of a
crow-bar, in 1877, mixing the practice of law with that of

632 UTAH AS IT IS.

editorial work at different times and places. Started (and
stopped) several papers, and worked on many more. Be-
sides the foregoing, he played on the stage, hauled wood,
herded sheep, drove stock, handled teams, served as a soldier,
conducted a gymnasium, prospected the mountains, worked
at mining, went on a mission, got married, wrote essays, en-
gaged in politics, held offices and did a few other things not
occurring to the mind just now. He is the husband of one
wife and the father of nine healthy children, one of the sons
having engaged in the humane work of converting Filipinos
to love for American institutions by taking their country with-
out their consent and killing them when they kicked about it;
another son is at this time on a Church mission in the goodly
kingdom of the Dutch, and doing well. And as nothing
more need be said, this may properly be pronounced the end.
Indulgent reader, the writer respectfully subscribes him-
self as

Yours to swear by. or at, as occasion may require,

INDEX.

EXPLANATIONS. — Where a person or other subject occurs more thftn
once in a chapter, only the page where it is mentioned the first time is
here given, but is repeated wherever first mentioned in any other chapter.

Names of persons occurring in a group, club, society or organization
are not individually given in that connection unless accompanied by picture,
general mention being made by appropriate headings.

Subjects accompanied by picture are marked f.

Aboriginal Incidentsf 54

Adams, Maude 175

Agriculture (and Irrigation) .... 313

Agricultural College 208, 243

Agricultural Park 268

Akers, T. P 137

All Hallows Collegef 301

Allison, E. M.t 109, 433

Alta Clubf 260

American Fork (Creek) 314

Amalgamated Sugar Co. f 282

Anderson, E. H.f 113, 124, 421

Anderson.S. E.f 450

Andrus, Jamest....60, 110, 147, 462

Apostles, The Twelvef 30

Appendix 604

Assembly Hall, Salt Lakef 399

Associate Justices 147

Attorney Generalf 122

Attorneys, District 122

Auditor, Statef 122

Baker, Jim 18

Baker, Mercy Rachelf 599

Baker School of Oratory 599

Ballam, H. R 520

Baptist Church 310

Barnett, Rev. F 311

Barnum, E. M 137

Bar Association... . 254

Barratt Hall, Salt Lakef 249

Barrett, Lawrence 179

Bartch, G. W.t-.. 106, 121, 197, 410

Bartholomew, Sister M 297

Baskin, R. N.f 122, 191, 409

Bateman, W. J :.. 268

Bean, 0. U.f 482

Bear River 313

Beck, Johnf 329, 573

Beet Sugar Industry 282

Bell Telephone (Rocky Mountain) 288

Benton, I. A.f 554

Benton, Thomas H 218

Bernhisel, J. M 69

Bingham Canyon Railway 232

Bingham Canyon, Mines of 325

Bishopric, Presiding, L. D. S.f 23

Black, C. F 490

Blacksmith Fork 314

Black Hawk (Chief) 61

Black Hawk War 61, 542

Bonneville 16

Booth, Edwin. 179

Booth, J. E.f 122, 14S, 205, 248.

256, 435

Boreman. J. S 93, 147

Bowring, H. E.... 173

Brandeburg, L. G 64

Breeden, M. A.f 122, 442

Bridger, Fort 18

634

INDEX.

Bridger, Jim 17, 23

Brigham Young Academyf 206,

>43, 380, 422, 591, 594

Brigham Young College 209

Brigham Young Trust Co 402

Brocchus, P. C 147

Brooks, J. G 311

Bromley, J. E 72

Brown Rev. D. A 311

Brown, Dr. N. C.f 515

Bryan, W. J 120

Bodden, Herman 331

Bulfamonte, Rev. P 3<>1

Bullion, First Produced 327

Barley, D. E.Jf 618

Burlington Railway 236

Burrows, J. C 476

Burton, R. T.f 29, 385

Butler, B. F 520

Bynum, W. D 491

Cahoon, J. W.f 563

Caine, J T.'t 134,141, 1S1

Calvin. E. E.t 617

Campbell, A. G 235

Campbell, W.f! 137

Camp Floyd District 333

Cannon, G. Mf 124, 467

Cannon, A. M t 392

Cannon, G. Q.f 394

Cannon, F. Jf 402

Cannon, J Q 612

Cannon, Mrs. M. H.f 107, 455

Cardenas 16

Carey, Annie L 179

Castle Gate, Utahf 292

Cath-lios, The 293

Catholic Cathedralf 300

Central Christian Church 312

Centrnl Pacific Ry.. The. ...218, 223

Chamberlain, J. M.t 597

Children's \ and H. F. Associa-
tion 357

Churches. Other than Mormon

and ('atholic 305

" Baptist, Organization

of 310

Baptist. Founders and

OhVers 310

Ce* tral Christian, Or-
ganization of 312

Churches, Central Christian,
Founders and Officers

of 812

Jews, Organization of 311
Jews, Founders and

Officers of 311

Lutheran, Organiza-
tion of 309

Lutheran, Founders

and Officers of 309

Methodist Episcopal,

Organization of 308

Methodist Episcopal,
Founders and Officers

of 308

Presbyterian, Organ-
ization of 308

Presbyterian, Founders

and Officers of 308

Protestant Episcopal,

Organization of 305

Protestant Episcopal,
Founders and Officers

of 305

Cities, The Principal 187

Salt Lake, Ogden, Provo

and Logan

Cities and Towns, Population of 183
City and County Building. Snlt

Lakef 194, 316

Clawson, Rudj^erf 95, 379

Clove, Jamesf 207. 436

Clowes, J. C 214

Clubs 254

Cluff, Benjamin, Jrf 2-16

Coal and Iron 340

Cohen. Mrs. E. M.f 521

Coinage. First in Utahf 53

Cook, Johnt 540

Combat Thickens then Sui'sid*^,

"Tie 94

Commercial Club 265

Connor, Gen. P. E.f 82

Constitutional Convention, the 104

Coronado 16

Couldock, C. W 179

Counter, Mrs C. E.f 5n6

Cowley, M. F.f 376

Counties 182

County Seats 182

Croff, B. L.f 576

INDEX.

635

Croff, W. L.f 574

Cummings, Ardelle 180

Cummings, Birdie 180

Cummings, Laron 180

Dahlquist, Agnesf 595

Dark Days of Utah's Mediaeval

History 76

Davis, Jefferson 15

Dawson. J. W.f 100

Deardorff, H. F.f 264

De Bouzek, J. A.f 603

Deep Creek 339

De Moisy, Chariest 255, 461

De.seret News Officef 154, 155

Deseret Agricultural and Manu-
facturing Society 268

Deseret National Bankf 276

Dinwoodey, Henryy 551

District Judges 148

Dixon, J. D.f 118, 422

Done, Willardf 468

Do'son, W. L. H.f Ill, 112, 457

Doty, J. D.f 100

Dougall, W. B 216

Drama, The 172

" First and Later Actors

in 172, 161

Dropped Stitches 623

Droubay, P. A.f 558

Durkee,' Charlesf 100

Dyer, Frank 103

E-^gle Gatej 192

Early Callers 15

Eccles Building, Ogdenf 537

Eccles, Davidf 536

Editors of Utah. Past and Pre-

pentf 157

Einarsen,' Axel 541

Election, First One 68

Elections. Delegates to Congress,

Lastfor 133

Elections, P^irst State Candi-
dates in 106, 120

Elections, First Opposition in... 129

Elections, General 120

Elections, Municipal 131, 614

Eleemosynary 345

Elks, The 262

Elks Club House, Salt Lakef .... 262

Elks Parade, Salt Lakef 263

Emery, G. W.f 100

Engineers, B. of L 267

Enzensperger, Josf 264

Estray Poundf 193

Evolution of the School, (Paro-

wan)f 242

Faust, H. J 73, 136

Federal Officials, Utah 124

Felt, C. B.f 616

Felt, D.P.t V57

Fields of Manufacture and Com-
merce 269

Fifth Election 121

Legislature, The 114

" Senatoral Election 1]9

Fine Arts, The 589

First Election 68

House in Utahf 22

Mining Here, The 318

National Bank, Ogden 1^9, 281

Paper, The 152

Legislature 108

State Officers.. 106

Presidency, The Present

Members oft 27

Fitch, Thomas 136

Flanders, Gratiat 592

Foley, J. A.f '. 230

Fraternal, Industrial and other

Organizations 254

Freed, L. D.f ^64

Fuller, Frank 136

Gentile Elected in 1860 133

Gibbs, J. F.t 163

Gillette, Viola Pratt 624

Godbe, W. S.t -.128, 528

Goddard, Benjamin 626

Gold Mountain 333

Governors of Utah, Group oft .. 100
" " Times of

Service 100

Goodwin, C. C.f 157, 492

Governor's Staff Officers 122

Graebner, Rev, J. R.f 585

Graham, J. C.f 157, 493

Granite Stake Tabernacle, Salt

Lake Cityf 588

Grant, H. J.f 371

Grant, J. M.f 190

Gray, D. R.f 224

Great Salt Lake, The 197

636

INDEX.

Great Salt Lake, The First White

Man in 18

Great Work Begun, The 21

Groo, Byronf 157, 441

Groves, Dr. W. H., Latter-day

Saints Hospital! 346

Glasmann, Williamf 157,428

Guinan, Father, Catholic! 581

Hafen, John! 598

Hall, W.C.f 413

Hamlin, A. L.f 112, 417

Hammond, J. T.f 118, 408

Hansen, J. E.f 112

Harding, Stephen! 100

Hard Living 46

" Menu 46

Harris, F. S.f 265

Harrison, E. L T 128

Hasb-ouck, Dr. R. A.f 496

Hatch,A 136

Hatch, A. C.t 255, 459

Hat Island, Great Salt Lake!... 49

Hayward, Mrs. E. A.f 518

Heated Term, Elsewhere, The... 92

Hobbs, P.D.f 419

Holy Cross Hospital 351

Hooper, Wm. H.t 129

Home, Mrs. A. M.f 112, 439

Houtz, D D.f 207, 494

Houtz, Heber 61

Howell, Josephf 412, 623

Hull, Thomasf 124

Illinois Central Ry 228

Station! 228

Incidents, Original Aboriginal 54

Incorporated Places 182

Information Bureau 626

Inspiration, The Sagebrush 144

Intermountain Milling Co.! .... 286

Irrigation, Agriculture 313

" Inception of 22

Jefferson, Thomas 15

Jenson, Andrew! 387

Jews, The 31i

Johnson, C. E.! 602

Johnson, J. E! 157, 602

Johnson, Willis! 556

Jones, Mrs. W. H.! 517

Judges 147

" State... . 148

Judges and Lawyers, Group oft 255

Judicial Districts ' 147

Judge Miners Home, The!.. .344, 345
Justices, Chief, from the Be-
ginning 147

Associate, from the

Beginning 147

Kearns' St. Ann's Orphanage!.. 353

Kearns, Thomas! 353, 465

Kearns, Mrs. Thomas 353

Keeley Institute! 356

Kellogg, Clara L 179

Kelsey, E. B 129

Kenner, F. R 138, 628

Kenner, S. A.! 138. 728

Kent, Charles! 596

Kenyon Hotel!.., 291

King, S. A! 207, 486

King, W. H.! 145, 406

Lagoon Resort! 239

Lammersdorf, Charles! 577

Lammersdorf, Mrs. Charles!.... 578
Lammersdorfs Sevier Mining

Claims! 334

Lammersdorfs Reduction

Works! 336

Langtry, Mrs 179

Last of the Delegates 133

Last Resting Place (Brigham

Young)! 45

Latter-day Saints' University!.. 249
Latter-day Saints' Hosp'ital

(Groves)! 346

Lawrence, H. W 129

Leary, J. C.! 264

Legislature, Members of!- 107, 112

Lewis, A. B.! 114, 415

Lewis', A. B. Great Enterprises. 335

Liberal Party 127

Lincoln, Abraham 213

"Lingerlonger"! 195

Littlefield, E. A! 169

Livingston, W. D. f 255, 461

Logan City 208, 617

Loop, Tintic Line R. G. W.! 227

Loose, C. E! 464, 629

Loose, Warren 629

Lund, A. H.! 27, 3^6

Lund, R. C.! 431

Lutheran Church..... 309

Lyman, F. M.f 367

INDEX.

637

Marioneaux, Thomasf 255, 469

Marysvale 333

Maxwell, G. R 130

Mayors of Salt Lakef 190

McCarty, W. M.t 118, 411

McClellan, J. J 590

McCornick & Co., Bankers! 278

McGrorty, W. M 129

McMillan, Williamf 449

McRae, Danielt 454

Meakin, J. P.f 499

Merchandising and Municipali-
ties 69

Merrill, M. Wf 374

Metal Production and Dividends. 343.

Methodist Episcopal Church 308

Midgley, Joshuaf 566

Miller, 0. P.f 29, 386

Miner, J. A.f 255

Mines and Mining 317

Mining, Origin and Growth of.. 317

Mining, The First Here 318

Mines of Bingham, The 325

Ministry and Missions 580

Modern Moses, The 32

Money andTrade 51

Mormon Battalion 14, 613

Mormon Church, the Origin of.. 26
Mormon Church, Progress, Or-
ganization and Officers of 26

Mormon Church, Officials of 361

Mormon Temple, Salt Lakef.... 196

Morris, R.P.f 614

Morse, C. W.f 443

"Motion Carried," Thef 48

Movement, The Next 324

Moyle, J.H.f 553

Mulvey, M. E.f 264

Murdock, J. R.f 114, 451

Musser, A. M.f 216, 390

National Parties, The Growth of 135
Native Beauties, Big and Little. f 59

Nebeker, Aquilaf 107, 434

Nebeker,W. G.f 107, 434

Nelson, A. C.f 118, 425

Neslen, R. F.f 237, 586

Nicholson, John 157, 581

Notable Women, Some 503

Ogden City 199, 616

Ogden Sugar Factory!., 283

Ontario Mine 330

Oregon Short Line Ry 221

Park, Agnes, S.f 562

Park, fl. G.f 560

Parry, Josephf 542

Parry Block, Ogdenf 200

Past and Present Officeholders 400

Patti 179

Paul, J. H.f 253

Peery, Mrs. E. L. H.f 515

Peery,D.H.f 571

Penrose, C. W.f 157, 479

Period of Friction, The 76

Professional People 470

Pioneers, Who They Were 19

Pioneers Reception Committee,

Thef 14

Pioneer Mines and District, The 322
Pioneer Monument and Brigham

Young Staluef 38

Pixton, Mrs. E. C.f 514

Pixton, Robertf 539

Pony Express, Thef 71

Population in 1851 68

Population Present 182

Population by Cities, Towns, and

Counties 182

Porter, D. H.f 264

Post Offices 182

Powers, Albertf 497

Powers, 0. W.f 132, 473

Pratt, Mrs. R. B 625

" P.P 47

Presbyterian Church 308

Press, The 152

Preston, W. B.f 29, 383

Progress and Present Status of

Principal Cities 187

Prominent Members of Bar 470

Prominent People Pictured and

Penned 359

Prominent People of Provof 207

Prominent Railroaders, Some... 617

Prospector, Thef 319

Protestant Episcopal Church.... 305

ProvoCity 204

Provo City Officers 206, 617

Pyper.G.D.f 180

Raddon, S. L.f 168

Raddon, W.A.f 168

Railroad, The 217

638

INDEX.

Rambouillet Ramst 258

Ramsey, L. A.f 593

Rawhns, J L.f 116, 1X5, 404

Reid, W. K.f 138, 255, 500

Representatives in Legislature! 112
Residence of H. C. Wardleigh,

(A. S.Condon) Ogdenf 201

Residence of 0. W. Powerst.... 195
Residence of Reed Smoot (Pro-

vojf 205

Residence of S. A. King (Provo)f 206
Retreats for Sick and Unfortu-
nate 345

Reynolds,Georgef 90

Rich, B. E.f 583

Richards, Mrs. E. S.t 508

Rich, J. C.t 484

Richards, C. Ct

Richards, F. D.f 136, 396

Richards, F. S.t •- 470

Richards, Mrs. J. S.y 503

Richards, Willardt 157

Rideout, D. 0 107, 110

Rio Grand Western Ry.f 225

Roberts, B. H t .....150, 391

Roberts, D. R.j 556

Roberts Case, The 149

Robison,VV. E.t 567

Rocky Mountain Bell Telephonet 288

Roundy, Mrs. E J. D.t 519

Roylance, W. M.T 112. 458

Sagebrush Democracy, The 137

Sagebrush Demooracy, Organi-
zers of ." 138

Saltair Beach Paviliont 233

Salt Lake Cityt 188, 189

Salt Lake Press Club... 266

Salt Lake Theatret 180

Salt Lake and Ogden Ry 238

Salt Lake and Los Angeles Ry. 230
San Pedro, Los Angeles and

Salt Lake Ry 233

Scanlan, Rev. L.t 294

Schools and Schoolingt 241

Schumacher,!. M.t 619

Second General Election, The 120

Second Legislature, 18*7 110

Second Senatorial Election 116

Senate, Members oft 107, 108

Senator, The Latestt 151

Senior, E. W 495

Shaffer, J. W.t 100

Shurtliff, L.W.t.. 107, 444

Silver Reef: 342

Singleton, A.t 207

Singleton Clothing Co. (Provo) 286

Sloan, E. L 157

Smith, Eliast 157, 259, 607

Smith, G. A.t 420

Smith, H. M.t 38L

Smith, Hyrum 30

Smith, Johnt 383

Smith,J. F.t 27, 361

Smith, J. Ht -%8

Smith, J. M.t 259

Smith, Joseph the Prophet 30

Smith, Mrs. J. F.t 525

Smoot A. O.t 190

Smoot, A. 0. Jr.t 107

Smoot, Reedt 151, 379

Smoot, W. C. A.t 20, 564

Snail- Paced Communication 66

Societies and Clubs 2~>4

Solomon, Alfredt -~>44

Solomon, A. Et r>49

Solomon, Jamest 546

Spencer, D. S 620

State Bar Association 254

State Boards 123

State Builders, The 11

State Builders, their journey,
advents, tribulations and tri-
umphs 11

State of Deseret, The 63

State of Deseret, its Officers 63

Statehood 101

State Legislatures, The 108

State Officers, First 106

State Officers of 1903,t 118

Steele, M. M.t 564

Stenhouse, T.B.H.t 157, 159

Stickney. Mrs. V. A.t 358, 523

St. Mark's Hospitalt 349

St. Mary's Academy, Salt Lake

Cityt 1 296

Stock Exchange, The 342

Talmage, J. E.t 498

Tanner, H. S.t 255

Tanner, Nathant 532

Taylor Brothers Co. (Provo)t 284

Taylor, J. E.t 110,112, 438

Taylor, J. W.t 373

INDEX.

639

Taylor, T. N 207

Teasdale, Georgef 370

Telegraph, The 210

Tingey, C. S.f 118, 424

Tintic Mining District 328

Tintic Discoveries 329

Thatcher, Mosesf 530

Third Legislature Ill

Third Senatorial Contest 117

Thomas, A. L.f 100, 425

Thomas, J. J 502

Thomas, R. K 107, 446

Thompson, Ezraf 190

Thompson, Jamesf 437

Thoresen, I. C.f 440

Thurman, S. R.f 14U

Utah Boys in Philippines! 610

Utah Central and Southern Ry. 220
Utah's Military Status and Rec-
ord 605

Utah Press Association 256

Utah State Flower (Sego LilyH 579

Utah State Officers! 118, 121

Utah Wool Growers Association. 258

Union PncificRy 219

Unitarian Church 311

Van Dyke, Williamf 570

Vaughn, V. H.f 100

Walker Brothers' Bankf 274

Warde, Frederick 179

Warrum, Noblef 487

Weber, A. If 255, 501

Wells, D. H.f 190,400, H07

Wells, Emmeline B 512

Wells, H. M f 100, 118, 180, 400

West, C. W.f 100

Whitmore, G. C.t 453

Whitney, H. G 153, 179

Whitney, 0. F.f Ill, 388

Wilson, E. W.f 120, 463

Wilson, J. B.t 447

Wilson, L. A 625

Winder, J. R.f, 27, 364

Wood, G. L.f 100

Woodruff, A. O.f 378

Woodruff, Wilf ord 30, 99

Woolen Mills 283

Young, Brigham f

11, 30, 33, 100, 174, 212

Young, Brigham, Jr.f 398

Young, Brigham, Statuef 38

Zane, C. S.f 96, 255, 457

Zion's Co-operative Mercantile

Institution! 269

Zion's Savings Bankf 280

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Full text of "Utah as it is. With a comprehensive statement of Utah as it was. Showing the founding, growth and present status of the commonwealth ."

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