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BY THEIR FRUITS YE SHALL KNOW THEM."
UTAH AND HER PEOPLE.
Illustrated.
CONTAIN I XI i
SKETCH ©IF OTAM &m O&OIBI&OINO&IKI, mfiiii MomiNe ©IF UTHJIE LM
>3lg
or
Compiled and Published by William j{. Tf/orton.
OEO. y. CANNON & SONS COMPANY, t'RINTKRS,
SALT LAKK CITY, UTAH.
JBg Oraon JF. lUhltucv.
[TAII owes her existence to a religious movement similar
in some of its phases to that which peopled the shores of
New England with representatives of the Anglo-Saxon
race and laid the foundation of the mightiest government of modern
times. No complete history of the United States could be written
/without some reference to the Pilgrims and Puritans who fled from
persecution in the Old World to find religious freedom in the new.
No sketch of Utah would be complete, or even possible, without
some reference to the Mormons, or, to give them their proper style,
the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints; for it was that
Church, persecuted in the East and pausing midway in its westward
flight from Nauvoo— its last foothold within the confines of civiliza-
tion— that sent forth the Pioneers who founded Utah, and has
ever since furnished the bulk of the bone and sinew that has built
up the State. Mormonism and Utah are inseparable themes; as
much so as any coupling of cause and effect.
The founder of the Church was Joseph Smith, a native of Ver-
mont, who, as a boy of fourteen, in the forest-fringed districts of
Western New York, received visitations from on high, apprising him
of the apostate condition of Christendom and authorizing him to establish anew upon earth the true Church of Christ. His first
visitation was in the spring of 1820, when the Father and Son appeared to him; opening the new Gospel dispensation. Subsequently
.JO.KKIMI KMITII. Tin-: I'll KT.
SKETCH OF UTAH AND MORMON1SM.
PRESIDENT BRIOIiAM YOUNG.
he was visited by an angel named Moroni, who revealed to him the
existence of some golden plates, hidden in a hill near the village
of Manchester. These plates, temporarily entrusted to him by the'
angel, were covered with ancient hieroglyphics, which Joseph Smith,
by means of the TJrim and Thummim — also delivered to him by
the angel — translated, and gave to the world as a result the Book
of Mormon. It is a record of the ancient inhabitants of America,
from the time of the Tower of Babel down to the early part of the
fifth century of the Christian era, and is mostly a history of a people
called Nephites, a branch of the House of Israel, who, led by Lehi
and his son Nephi, of the tribe of Manasseh, and followed by some
of the children of Judah, came from Jerusalem about the year 600 B.
C. and peopled South and Norlh America. To these descendants of
Abraham the Savior appeared, after his resurrection, and taught the
fullness of His Gospel, supplementing and preceding the teachings of
other prophets, the last of whom was Moroni, afterwards the angel
custodian of the golden plates, who, while yet a mortal, about 420
A. D., hid them in the hill from which they were taken by Joseph
Smith. This place of deposit was called by the Nephites, Cumorah.
The Book of Mormon takes its name from Mormon, the father of
Moroni, who recorded upon the plates the history of his people,
the white progenitors of the dusky and degenerate American In-
dians.
Among other angelic visitants connected with the rise of the
Latter-day Church, was John the Baptist, .who, on May 15th, 1829,
conferred upon Joseph Smith and Oliver Cowdery the Aaronic
Priesthood, empowering them to preach faith and repentance and
to baptize by immersion for the remission of sins. This was followed
SKETCH OF UTAH AND MOHMONISM.
by a visitation from the Apostles
Peter, James and John, who con-
ferred upon Joseph and Oliver the
Melchisedek Priesthood, which
gave them power to bestow the
Holy Ghost by the laying on of
hands. Thus equipped, with the
Bible and Book of .Mormon as
their doctrinal standards, supple-
mented by immediate and contin-
uous revelation, this twain —
known as the First and Second
Elders of the Church -with others
ordained by them, went forth,
preaching amid the hottest per-
secution the restored Gospel,
healing the sick, casting out devils,
and otherwise "confirming the
word with signs following."
Their first converts were made in
Western and Southern New York
and Northern Pennsylvania.
The Church of Jesus Christ of
Latter-day Saints — nicknamed
"Mormons" for their belief in the
Book of Mormon — was organized
at Fayette, Seneca County, New
York, on the 6th of April. 1830.
I'KKKIDKNT JOHN TAYM>K.
Within a year it moved bodily to
Kirtland, Ohio, which became
during the next seven years its
headquarters. In 1831 it estab-
lished a colony in Jackson County,
Missouri, the site of the future
city of Zion, the New Jerusalem,
which the Saints, who are of
Israel, mostly of the seed of
Ephraim, gathered out from all na-
tions, expect to rear in fulfillment
of prophecy, preparatory to the
second coming of the Savior.
Persecution followed them both
to Ohio and Missouri. In the fall
of 1833 they were expelled with
fire and sword from Jackson
County, and early in 1838 the
main body of the Church, having
lost some of its prominent mem-
bers by apostasy, abandoned Kirt-
land, with the Temple they had
built there, " and concentrated,
twelve to fifteen thousand strong,
in and around Caldwell County.
Missouri, where they founded
Far West and other flourishing
settlements. There trouble again
SKETCH OF UTAH AND MORMON1SM.
arose, caused by religious and political differences between them and
the older settlers, and in the fall and winter succeeding, the Jackson
County tragedy was repeated on a larger scale. Under an order
issued by Governor Lilburn W. Boggs and executed by Major-
General John B. Clark and others, in command of an overwhelming
force of militia, the entire Mormon community, after many of them
had been killed in battle and in massacre, their leaders imprisoned,
their homes devastated, were driven in mid-winter from the confines
of the State.
Kindly received by the people of Illinois, the expatriated com-
munity settled on the east shore of the Mississippi, in Hancock County,
where they founded their beautiful city of Nauvoo, surrounded by
other Mormon settlements, both in Illinois and Iowa. There they
remained for seven years, increasing rapidly by immigration from the
Eastern States, Canada . and Great Britain, until they aggregated
twenty thousand souls. Religious and political animosity still pur-
sued them, and finally, on the 27th of June, 1844, their Prophet.
Joseph Smith, and his brother Hyrum, the Patriarch of the Church,
who had surrendered for trial on a trumped up charge of treason and
riot, were murdered in Carthage jail by an anti-Mormon mob, while
under the pledged protection of the Governor of the State. Justice
was never done upon the murderers.
Under Brigham Young, the successor to Joseph Smith, the
Mormon people, in February, 1846, began their famous exodus from
Illinois, leaving Nauvoo with its Temple, which had just been dedi-
cated, to be pillaged and desecrated by their enemies. From their
scattered camps in Iowa and on the Missouri, in the summer of that
year, went forth at the call of their country the Mormon Battalion,
I
I'RKHIIIKXT WII-iFORI) WOODRUFF
SKtTCH OF UTAH AND MORMONISM.
500 strong, to assist the United States in its war against Mexico.
In the spring of 1847 the Mormon Pioneers (one hundred and
forty-three men. three women and two children) led by Brigham
Young in person, leaving the main body of their people en-
camped upon the frontier, started upon their historic journey
to the Rocky Mountains. Traversing the trackless plains and
snow-clad mountains lying between the Missouri River and the
< Mvat American Desert, on the 24th of July they entered Salt
Lake Valley, where, in the midst of desolation, surrounded by
savage tribes and suffering untold hardships and pri-
vations, they founded Salt Lake City, the metropolis
of the Inter- Mountain region; the parent of more
than two hundred cities, towns and villages that owe
their existence to the Mormon people and their great
leader Brigham Young. The residue of the migrat-
ing Church followed the 1'ioneers to their new-found
home in the wilderness; thenceforth the gathering
place of Mormon proselytes from all parts of the
world.
When the Mormons settled this region it was
Mexican soil, a portion of the province of California,
which the Mormon Battalion had helped to conquer;
but in less than a year after the arrival of the Pioneers,
who raised the stars and stripes and took possession .
of the country in the name of the United States, it
was ceded to this nation by the Treaty of Guadalupe
Hidalgo. The early settlers established the Pro-
visional (iovernment of Deseret. and petitioned Con-
gress for admission into the Union. Their prayer for Statehood
was denied, but on the pth of September, 1850, Congress
organized the Territory of Utah, and Brigham Young, by
appointment of President Millard Killmore, became its Governor.
He served as such for two terms, and in 1858 was succeeded by
Alfred Cumming, a native of Georgia, the first non-Mormon
Governor of Utah. Just prior to his installation occurred the
"Echo Canyon War," in which Governor Young, having issued
a proclamation placing the Territory under martial law. called
MOUMoN KM K. Iv \ N i I I-'
SKETCH OF UTAH AND MORMONISM.
out the militia to resist the entrance of a
United States army under General Albert
Sydney Johnston into Salt Lake Valley. An
amicable adjustment of the difficulties between
Utah and the Federal Government — difficulties
based upon misrepresentation followed in time
to avert bloodshed.
Though no longer Governor of Utah, Brig-
ham Young remained President of the Mormon
Church, and as such was the real power in the
land. Under his wise and vigorous adminis-
tration the Church was built up rapidly, the
whole surrounding region explored and colon-
ized, irrigation established, arid lands reclaimed,
cities and towns laid out, Indian tribes placated,
local and foreign missions opened, immigration
encouraged, and the Territory from north to
south made to hum like one vast hive, the
home of these busy bees of industry. The
settlements founded by the Mormon people on
the shores of the Great Salt Lake formed a
nucleus for Western civilization, and made
possible the colonization of the vast arid inter-
mountain plateau known as the Great Basin.
Idaho, Montana, the Dakotas, Colorado, Wyoming, Nevada
(once a part of Utah) Arizona and New Mexico owe their
existence as organized commonwealths to Utah and her founders.
It is claimed that a Mormon colony gave California her first
EARLY DAYS IN UTAH-THE PONY' EXI>KKSS.
newspaper — antedating by three years the Deseret JVeivs, the
pioneer journal of the Rocky Mountain region — and it was the
picks and shovels of Mormon Battalion boys, honorably dis-
charged after faithfully serving their country, that brought to
SKETCH OF UTAH AND MORMONISM.
light the auriferous wealth of the far-famed Golden State. For
twenty years after the settlement of Salt Lake Valley, Utah
was comparatively isolated, working out her destiny amid the
many unpropitious elements by which she was surrounded;
battling with crickets, grasshoppers and drouth, and now and
then taking up arms to protect her children from pillage and
massacre by the marauding and merciless savage. An occasional
emigrant train passing on to the coast — a visitation more fre-
quent after the discovery of gold in California — with the regular
fall arrival of Mormon immigrants and trains of mer-
chandise from the frontier, was about all there was to
remind the dwellers in these mountain fastnesses — "a
thousand miles from anywhere" — of the civilization
they had left behind. In the ox-team and handcart
days it took news three months to travel to Salt Lake
C'ity from the Missouri River, and almost the same
length of time from the sparsely settled Pacific Coast.
The pony express and overland stage coach subse-
quently did much to abridge time and distance, but it
was not until 1861 that a transcontinental telegraph
line brought Utah into immediate communication with
the outside world, and not until 1869 that the shriek
of the locomotive broke the stillness of the mountain
solitudes and threw open the peaceful settlements of
the Saints to the encroachments of modern civiliza-
tion.
A new era then dawned upon Utah, an era of
electricity and steam ; telegraph lines were constructed
all over the Territory, railroads built in various directions, and
the channels of trade widened, extended and multiplied. In all
these enterprises President Brigham Young was the leading
spirit and most conspicuous figure. The Deseret Telegraph
line, built by the Mormon people, under his directioo, preceded
by two and a half years the advent of the Pacific Railroad. This
period saw the inception of that mammoth business concern,
Zion's Co-operative Mercantile Institution, organized by the
Mormon leader to unite and consolidate the commercial interests
MAIN .-iTKKin. Si ALT I.AKK flTY. IN 1H«M>.
SKETCH OF UTAH AND MORMONISM.
of his people. It also witnessed the reopening of
the mines, which, uncovered by General P. E. Con-
nor and other non-Mormons in 1863-4, ^a(^ lan-
guished for lack of capital. Sampling mills and
smelters were now erected, ore and bullion shipped,
and Utah, ever at the van in agriculture, began
forging to the fore as a great mining common-
wealth. With the influx of non-Mormon popula-
tion consequent upon these developments, came the
organization of rival political parties, the first that
Utah had known, upon lines running parallel with
religious and other differences between Mormons
and Gentiles. By these names were the two
classes in the community commonly called, though
they were known politically as the People's and the
Liberal parties. The Salt Lake Herald and Salt
Lake Tribune, both great newspapers, the former
independent, the latter anti-Mormon in tone, came
into being as successors to other journalistic rivals
of the Descret IVews; and non-Mormon churches,
of which there had been a few in Utah from the beginning, were
now rapidly multiplied. Against these powerful agents, mostly
working with a more or less united purpose for its disintegration,
Mormonism, strongly entrenched, continued to hold its own.
In the midst of the changes thus inaugurated, Brigham Young,
the founder of Utah, died at Salt Lake City, August 29th, 1877.
As early as 1862 Congress had legislated upon the subject
of polygamy, the plural marriage system of the Saints, practiced
THK OLD COUXCII-i HOITSK, WIIEKK TIIK FIHUT .O.KIX WHKK IIKI.II
by Joseph Smith and other Mormon leaders at Nauvoo, but
never publicly promulgated by the Church until 1852. Never
at any time did more than two per cent of the Mormon people
practice plural marriage, though all or most of them believed the
principle to be divine. Mormon polygamy was nothing akin to
the polygamy of the Turks or other Oriental peoples of the
present time. It was the Patriarchal order of marriage, practiced
by Abraham, Jacob, Moses and other ancient worthies, and was
SKETCH OF UTAH AND MORMONISM.
one of the principles of the Gospel as restored through the
Prophet Joseph Smith. To the Saints it was a key to the celes-
tial kingdom — the highest degree of heavenly glory — where
family relationships formed on earth according to divine law, are
perpetuated. The anti-polygamy act was not enforced, and for
twenty years remained a dead letter, the Mormons
regarding it as unconstitutional, since it infringed
upon a principle of their religion, and many non-
Mormons, including men high in the councils of the
nation sharing the same view. It was declared
constitutional by the Supreme Court of the United
States in January, 1879, a test case — that of the
I'nited States vs. George Reynolds — having been
submitted in order to draw forth a decision upon
the subject from that august tribunal.
In March. 1882, Congress enacted the so-called
Kdmunds Law, under which an anti-polygamy cru-
sade was inaugurated in Utah, Idaho and Arizona,
wherever the Saints had settlements. The Edmunds
Law. like its predecessor, made punishable by fine
and imprisonment the marrying of plural wives, but
went further than the statute of 1862 in that it not
only inflicted heavier penalties for that offense, but
also made punishable, as unlawful cohabitation, the
living with plural wives; in fact, the mere acknowl-
edgment of a plural wife was construed and
punished by the Federal courts as '-unlawful cohab-
itation." During the progress of the crusade, in
March, 1887, the Edmunds Act was supplemented by the
Edmunds-Tucker Law, under which most of the property of the
Mormon Church was forfeited and escheated to the Government.
Upon the sufferings inflicted during that time of trouble no citizen
of Utah lovestodwell. From 1884 to 1890 the Territory was raked
I. loN AND IIKKIIIYK HOITHKH. .<.»«. ,,r M«IUI,AN yoi-xu-. rA»iu.
SKETCH OF UTAH AND MORIWON1SM.
from one end to the other as with a sharp-toothed
harrow, and the Church made to weep bitter and
even bloody tears. Hordes of deputy marshals,
turned loose upon the helpless community, hunted
their victims with the assiduity of sleuth-hounds.
Men and women were agonized to an extent almost
unbearable. One man — a Mormon citizen of high
repute — was shot and killed by an over-zealous
deputy, who, indicted and tried for manslaughter,
was acquitted in the District Court. Delicate
women, fleeing from arrest, often in the night-time,
died from terror, exposure and exhaustion, or
suffered injuries from which they never recovered.
The exchequer of the Federal courts was swollen
to repletion from fines collected in polygamous
cases, and the penitentiaries were crowded with
convicts for conscience sake. Nearly a thousand
convictions under the anti-polygamy statutes testify
to the rigor of the crusade and the sincerity of the
Mormon people in the crucial test of their integrity.
Scarcely a man, and not one woman — for the
women and children were imprisoned also —
weakened under the terrible strain brought to bear
by the iron hand of the Government through its local represen-
tatives, and purchased immunity from persecution by a "promise
to obey." Among those who went to prison rather than be false
to their convictions and renounce a principle of their religion,
were Lorenzo Snow, George Q. Cannon and Francis M. Lyman,
THE (JAKIX) HOl'SK. KKM1I.KN.-K OF |.|,K«II,KM .!..„* HVI...K.
three of the Twelve Apostles of the Church of Jesus Christ of
Latter-day Saints. Hundreds of other Elders — among the most
reputable men in the community — were fined and imprisoned for
like cause, and nearly all the Church leaders were driven into
exile. The settlements of the Saints in Mexico and Canada were
SKETCH OF UTAH AND MORMONISM.
greatly strengthened by emigrations from Utah and
Arizona during this troubled period. 1 'resident John
Taylor, who had scceeded Hrigham Young as the
head of the Church, died in exile, July 25th, 1887, a
victim of the crusade, a martyr to his religious con-
victions.
With the advent into power of his successor,
President Wilford Woodruff, came in September,
1890, the Manifesto, discontinuing the practice of
plural marriage. The people were told by their
leader that the Lord accepted of their sacrifices, and
desired them now to submit to the law of the land.
They obeyed. An era of good feeling ensued.
Mormons and (ientiles atliliated socially and politically
and were friendly as never before. Local political
lines, upon which a long and bitter fight had been
waged, were obliterated, and the citizens generally.
regardless of past prejudices and atliliations, divided
on national party lines as Democrats and Republicans.
Presidents Harrison and Cleveland, in successive pro-
clamations, pardoned all polygamists. and the Mormon
Church property, confiscated under the operations of
the Edmunds-Tucker Law, was restored by act of
Congress to its rightful owner. Utah, a Territory since 1850,
was, on January 4th. 1896, admitted into the Union as a State.
The present leader of the Latter-day Saints is Lorenzo
Snow, who on September I3th. 1898. eleven days after the
death of Wilford Woodruff, succeeded him as President and as
Till-: KACil-K <iATK, KRKCTK1) 11Y HKJGHAM YOl'XU.
Prophet, Seer and Revelator. Eighty-five years of age, but
with powers of mind and body unimpaired, he has taken hold of
the helm of the Church with a strong and steady hand. A
natural financier, his first moves have been largely of a financial
character, to relieve the Church of the heavy burden under
SKfcTCH OF UTAH AND MORMON1SM.
which it has labored ever since its finances were crippled by the
confiscation of its property under the Edmunds-Tucker Act.
President Snow is also a man of fine spiritual perceptions, of
literary tastes and poetic temperament, and possesses to a
marked degree the love and confidence of his people. His two
counselors in the Presidency of the Church, are
George Q. Cannon and Joseph F. Smith, both able
and distinguished men.
The prospects of Mormonism were never
brighter than now. Its devotees in all the world num-
ber about three hundred thousand souls, mostly
dwelling in the "Stakes of Zion," of which there are
forty, located in the Rocky Mountain region, from
Canada to Mexico. The outside missions number
fourteen, and comprise most of the countries of the
globe. The Mormon Church organization is recog-
nized as the most complete and effective in existence,
surpassing even that of the powerful Roman Catholic
Church. Without entering into a detailed description
of it, suffice it to say that at the head of the Church
are three High Priests, constituting the First Presi-
dency, and next in authority to these are the Twelve
Apostles; then come the First Seven Presidents of
Seventies, the Patriarch and the Presiding Bishopric
— the last-named High Priests having charge of the
temporalities of the Church under the direction of the
First Presidency. Each division called a Stake is pre-
sided over by three High Priests, who, with a High
Council of twelve members, administer its affairs subject to the
control of the General Authorities. A Stake — which term in a
territorial sense is usually synonymous with County — is sub-
divided into Wards, each presided over by a Bishopric, under
whom are Priests, Teachers and Deacons, officers in the Aaronic
BRIGHAM YOl-N<;-S (jRAVK.
SKETCH OF UTAH AND MOHMONISM.
Priesthood, as High Priests, Seventies and Elders are officers in the
MeUhisedek Priesthood. The High Councils are the appellate courts
of the Church, the Bishops' courts being the lower tribunals. The
extreme penalty imposed by these courts is excommunication. The
present personnel of the First Presidency has been given; that of the
Twelve Apostles is as follows: Franklin D. Richards, President;
Brigham Young. Francis M. Lyman, John Henry Smith, George Teas-
dale, I leber J. Grant. John VV. Taylor, Marriner W. Merrill, Anthon H-
Lund. Mathias F. Cowley, Abraham O. Woodruff and Rudger Clawson-
Utah has had fifteen Governors, all but two of them non-Mormons
and all but one appointed by the President of the United States. The
solitary exception is the present Governor, Heber M. Wells, son of
General Daniel H. Wells, deceased, formerly a leader among the
Latter-day Saints. Governor Wells is the first Mormon Executive since
Governor Young. He was elected in November, 1895, and installed in
January. 1896. The other State offices are about equally divided
between the two classes of the community. The population of the
State has always been overwhelmingly Mormon.
Among the many points of interest in and around the metropolis of
Mormondom are the Temple, the Tabernacle, the Lion and Bee Hive
Houses, the Guardo House, the Eagle Gate and the Theater; all pro-
jected by Brigham Young, and completed, with one exception, during
his lifetime. The exception is the Temple — the sixth one erected by the
Saints — begun in April, 1853, and finished and dedicated in April, 1893.
The Tabernacle has an auditorium capable of holding ten thousand
people, and contains one of the largest and finest organs of the world;
The Tabernacle Choir, a famous body of singers, carried off the second
pri/e in a choral contest at the World's Fair in 1893. The Lion and
T A HKKN ACL.K. HAIVT I..AKK C'lTY.
Bee- Hive Houses were President Young's residences,
and the Eagle Gate stands on the spot that was
once the entrance to his premises. The Theatre,
built by him in 1861-2 to furnish wholesome amuse-
ments to his people, has one of the finest auditoriums in
America. Other objects of note are the Assembly Hall, the
City and County Building, the Saltair Pavilion, the Gar-
field Bathing Resort, Fort Douglas, the Pioneer Monu-
ment, and last, but not least, the grave of Brigham Young.
Fort Douglas, on the hill east of the city, was founded
SKETCH OF UTAH AND MORMONISM.
tNTKKlOR MOKMO3V TA1JKRNACI..K, HALT I.AKK
by General P. E. Connor, commanding the California and Nevada
Volunteers, in October, 1862. Saltair, on the Lake shore, erected in
1893 by Mormon capital, is a most beautiful specimen of architecture,
ane without doubt the most magnificent bathing pavilion on the face of
the globe. A new enterprise, an attraction quite as unique, is the Salt
Palace, built at Salt Lake City during the current season. It is used for
expositional purposes, and was reared by the united effort of Salt
Lake's progressive citizens. Aside from these, Utah has many other
notable structures, such as the State University at Salt Lake City, the
Agricultural College and Brigham Young College at Logan, the Brig-
ham Young Academy at Provo, the St. George, Logan and Manti
Temples, and the numerous handsome church and school edifices that
dot the landscape in every direction. The free school system of Salt
Lake City is one of the finest in the Western country. Utah with her
wonderful climate, her unlimited resources and countless attractions,
offers the greatest inducements to capital seeking investment and to
people in quest of homes.
WHAT THE MORMONS BELlEVK.
LCXJAN, MA.NTI AND ST. (JI-X)U<iK TK.M 1M.KS.
A TYPICAL MORMON HYMN.
JtV K.r.IXA K. SHVOW.
r\ MY Father, Thou that dwellest
In the high and glorious place !
When shall I regain thy presence,
And again behold thy face ?
In thy holy habitation,
Did my spirit once reside ?
In my first primeval childhood,
Was I nurtured near Thy side ?
T HAD learned to call Thee Father,
Through Thy Spirit from on high ;
But, until the Key of Knowledge
Was restored, I knew not why.
In the heavens, are parents single ?
No, the thought makes reason stare !
Truth is reason ; truth eternal
Tells me, I've a mother there.
a wise and glorious purpose
Thou hast placed me here on earth,
And withheld the recollection
Of my former friends and birth.
Yet ofttimes a secret something
Whispered, "You're a stranger here ; "
And I felt that I had wandered
From a more exalted sphere.
I leave this frail existence,
When I lay this mortal by,
Father, Mother, may I meet you
In your royal courts on high r
Then, at length, when I've completed
All you sent me forth to do,
With your mutual approbation
Let me come and dwell with you.
.IllMKI-ll I.^MI-IH. I.OKKNXO MN-OW. OKORCJK <J. CANNON.
KIU'ST IMx'KSIDKN*^- OK TIIK ClirKCII OK .IKSKS CHRIST OF LATTKK-DAV SAINTS.
the /[ftormons
ElJ>er jfranfcltn D. TRicbar&s, prest&ent of tbe twelve flpostles anfc Cburcb IMstorian.
ARTICLES OF FAITH.
1. We believe in God, the Eternal Father, and in his Son,
Jesus Christ, and in the Holy Ghost.
2. We believe that men will be punished for their own sins
and not for Adam's transgression.
3. We believe that, through the atonement of Christ, all
mankind may be saved, by obedience to the laws and ordinances
of the Gospel.
4. We believe that the first principles and ordinances of
the Gospel are: First, faith in the Lord Jesus Christ; second,
repentance; third, baptism by immersion for the remission of
sins; fourth, laying on of hands for the gift of the Holy Ghost.
5. We believe that a man must be called of God, by "pro-
phecy and by the laying on of hands," by those who are in
authority to preach the Gospel and administer in the ordinances
thereof.
6. We believe in the same organization that existed in the
primitive church, viz., Apostles, Prophets, Pastors, Teachers,
Evangelists, etc.
T. We believe in the gift of tongues, prophecy, revelation,
visions, healings, interpretation of tongues, etc.
8. We believe the Bible to be the word of God, as far as
it is translated correctly; we also believe the Book of Mormon
to be the word of God.
9. We believe all that God has revealed, all that he does
now reveal, and we believe that he will yet reveal many great
and important things pertaining to the kingdom of heaven.
10. We believe in the literal gathering of Israel and in the
restoration of the Ten Tribes. That Zion will be built upon
this continent. That Christ will reign personally upon the earth,
and that the earth will be renewed and receive its paradisic glory.
11. vVe claim the privilege of worshiping Almighty God
according to the dictates of our own conscience, and allow all
men the same privilege, let them worship how, where or what
they may.
12. We believe in being subject to kings, presidents, rulers
and magistrates, in obeying, honoring and sustaining the law.
13. We believe in being honest, true, chaste, benevolent,
virtuous, and in doing good to all men; indeed we may say that
we follow the admonition of Paul, "We believe all things, we
hope all things;" we have endured many things, and hope to be
able to endure all things. If there is anything virtuous, lovely
or of good report or praiseworthy, we seek after these things.
Joseph Smith.
WHAT THE MORMONS BELIEVE.
As to the personality of God the Father, the Latter-dav
Saints refer to the following:
"And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our
likeness. * * * So God created man in his own image, in
the image of God created he him, male and female created he
them." (Gen. i: 26, 27.)
"For man indeed ought not to cover his head,
forasmuch as he is the image and glory of God."
(I. Cor. xi: 7.)
"Then went up Moses and Aaron, Nadab and
Abihu and seventy of the elders of Israel, and they
saw the God of Israel, and there was under his feet as
it were a paved work of a sapphire stone, and as it
were the body of heaven in his clearness." (Exodus
xxiv: 9, 10.)
Jesus the Son of God is declared to be "The
brightness of his glory and the express image of his
person." (Heb. i: 3.)
"Who is the image of the invisible God, the first-
born of every creature." (Col. i: i$.)
The omnipresence of God by his Spirit univer-
sally diffused, is thus declared:
"This is the light of Christ, as also he is in the
sun and the light of the son and the power by which
it was made; also he is in the moon, and is the light
of the moon and the power thereof by which it was
made; as also the light of the stars and the power
thereof by which they were made; and the earth also
and the power thereof, even the earth upon which ye stand; and
the light which now shineth, which giveth you light, is through
him which enlighteneth your eyes, which is the same that
quickeneth your understandings, which light proceedeth forth
from the presence of God, to fill the immensity of space. The
NT. MAHVM <\\ I III l>l< M. i vi inn I.
• rm rwMru* *»i- n»~i •
WHAT THE MORMONS BELIEVE.
light which is in all things, which giveth life to all
things, which is the law by which all things are
governed, even the power of God who sitteth upon his
throne, who is in the bosom of eternity, who is in the
midst of all things." (Revelation to Joseph Smith,
December 27, 1832.)
"And the earth was without form and void; and
darkness was upon the face of the deep, and the Spirit
of God moved upon the face of the waters." (Gen. i : 2.)
"By his Spirit he hath garnished the heavens."
(Job xxvi: 13.)
"Thou sendeth forth thy Spirit, they [the beasts
of the field] are created; and thou renewest the face
of the earth." (Psalm civ: 30.)
"And shall put my Spirit in you and you shall
live." (Ezek. xxxvii: 14.)
"There is a spirit in man: and the inspiration of
the Almighty giveth them understanding." (Job
xxxii: 8.)
"And it shall come to pass afterward that I will
pour out my Spirit upon all flesh." (Joel ii : 28.)
"It is the Spirit that quickeneth." (John vi: 63.)
"But God hath revealed them unto us by his
Spirit; for the Spirit searcheth all things, yea the deep
things of God." (I. Cor. ii: 10.)
That the spirits of men are the offspring of God, is shown
in the following:
"And now verily I say unto you, I was in the beginning
ST. MA UK'S C'ATIIKIJKAl., (EPISCOEAI*)
with the Father and am the first-born; and all those who are
begotten through me are partakers of the glory of the same and
are the Church of the first-born. Ye were also in the beginning
with the Father." (From revelation to Jos. Smith, May 6, 1833-)
WHAT THE MORMONS BbLIEVfc.
••Furthermore we have had fathers of our flesh which cor-
rected us and we gave them reverence; shall we not much
ratlier be in subjection unto the Father of spirits and live?"
1 1 li'h. xii: 9.)
••I ascend unto my Father and unto your Father;
and to my God and to your God." (John xx: 17.)
"And again when he bringeth in the first begot-
ten into the world," etc. (Heb. i: 6.)
"Forasmuch then as the children are partakers of
tlt'sh and blood, he also himself likewise took part of
the same. * * * Wherefore in all things it be-
hooveth him to be made like unto his brethren," etc.
(Heb. ii: 14-17.)
••Beloved, now are we the sons of God, and it
doth not yet appear what we shall be; but we know
that, when he shall appear, we shall be like him; for
\\e shall see him as he is." (I.John iii: 2.)
"Where wast thou when I laid the foundations of
the earth? Declare if thou hast understanding. *
When the morning stars sang together and all the sons
of (iod shouted for joy?" (Job xxxviii: 4-7.)
'•Then shall the dust return to the earth as it was,
and the spirit shall return to God who gave it."
I Ki ili-s. xii: 7.)
The resurrection of the body, extending to the
resuscitation of all who have lived and died on earth,
to be judged in the resurrected body for the deeds
done in the natural body, is a scriptural doctrine. a* may be
seen from these texts:
••There is a space between death and the resurrection of the
body and a state of the soul in happiness or in misery, until the
I.- 1 ^IIYTKKIAN flirKCII.
WHAT THE MORMONS BELIEVE.
time which is appointed of God that the dead shall come forth,
and be reunited both soul and body and be brought to stand be-
fore God and be judged according to their works. The soul
shall be restored to the body and the body to the soul; yea, and
every limb and joint shall be restored to its body;
yea, even a hair of the head shall not be lost, but all
things shall be restored to their proper and perfect
frame." (Book of Mormon, page 354.)
"Now this restoration shall come to all, both old
and young, both bond and free, both male and female,
both the wicked and the righteous." (Ibid., p. 267.)
"Marvel not at this, for the hour is coming in the
which all that are in the graves shall hear his voice,
and shall come forth; they that have done good unto
the resurrection of life, and they that have done evil
unto the resurrection of damnation." (John v : 28, 29.)
"And I saw the dead, small and great, stand
before God, and the books were opened, and another
book was opened, which is the book of life, and the
dead were judged out of those things which were
written in the books, according to their works. (Rev.
xx: 12.)
"There is one glory of the sun, and another glory
of the moon, and another glory of the stars: for
one star differeth from another star in glory, so also
is the resurrection of the dead." (I. Cor. xv: 41.)
That baptism of water and of the Holy Ghost is
essential, the following show:
"Go ye into all the world, preach the Gospel to every
creature, acting in the authority which I have given you, bap-
tizing in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the
Holy Ghost. And he that believeth and is baptized shall be
FIRST METH01MST C'HUKCH, HA,,
WHAT THE MORMONS BELIEVE.
saved, and he that believeth not shall be damned. * * * As 1
said to mine Apostles. I say unto you again, that every soul that
believeth on your words and is baptized by water for the remission
of sins, shall receive the Holy Ghost, and signs shall follow them
that believe. * * * Verily, verily I say unto you, they that
believe not on your words and are not baptized in water in my
name for the remission of their sins, that they may receive the
Holy Ghost, shall be damned and shall not come into my Father's
kingdom." (Revelation to Joseph Smith, November, 1831.)
Jesus answered, verily, verily I say unto thee, except a man be
born of water and of the Spirit, he cannot enter into the kingdom
of God." (John iii: 5.)
"Go ye into all the world and preach the Gospel to every
creature; he that believeth and is baptized shall be saved; but he
that believeth not shall be damned." (Mark xvi: 15, 16.)
"Then Peter said unto them, repent and be baptized every
one of you in the name of Jesus Christ for the remission of sins,
and ye shall receive the gift of the Holy Ghost. (Acts ii: 37, 38.)
"But when they believed Philip preaching the things con-
cerning the kingdom of God, and the name of Jesus Christ, they
were baptized, both men and women. * * * Then laid they
their hands on them and they received the Holy Ghost." (Acts
viii: 12-18.)
That this Gospel will be preached to all people, both living
and dead, see the following:
••lor Christ also hath suffered for sins, the just for the unjust,
that he might bring us to God; being put to death in the flesh, but
quickened by the spirit, by which also he went and preached unto
UAITIST OHUROHJcwura .,,. «»,»„ ..„,,. A«» .•««».
WHAT THE MORMONS BELIEVE.
the spirits in prison, which sometime were disobedient when once
the long-suffering of God waited in the days of Noah, while the
ark was a preparing, wherein few, that is eight souls, were
saved by water." (I. Peter iii: 18-20.)
"For, for this cause was the Gospel preached also
to them that are dead, that they might be judged
according to men in the flesh, but live according to
God in the spirit." (Ibid, iv: 6.)
The living Saints may perform ordinances for the
repentant dead:
"Else what shall they do which are baptized for
the dead, if the dead rise not at all? Why are they
then baptized for the dead?" (I. Cor. xv: 19.)
"And saviors shall come up on Mount Zion to
judge the Mount of Esau and the kingdom shall be
the Lord's." (Obadiah i: 21.)
"God having provided some better thing for us,
that they without us should not be made perfect."
(Heb. xi: 40.)
That the true Gospel is to be preached to pre-
pare the way for Christ's coming and the end of the
world, see the following:
"And this gospel of the kingdom shall be
preached in all the world, for a witness unto all na-
tions, and then shall the end come." (Matt. xxiv. 14.)
"And I saw another angel fly in the midst of
heaven, having the everlasting gospel to preach unto
them that dwell on the earth, and to every nation, and
kindred and tongue and people, saying with a loud voice Fear
God and give glory to him, for the hour of his judgment is
come : and worship him that made heaven, and earth, and the
sea, and the fountains of waters." (Rev. xiv: 6, 7.)
THK .I10WISII SVXAQfMifK,
WHAT THE MORMONS BELIEVE.
That Satan will be bound, the earth he cleansed
from corruption, the kingdoms of this world become
the kingdom of our God. and that the reign of Christ
and his triumph over error and Satan shall be com-
plete and universal, are supported by the following
te\;
••And I saw an angel come down from heaven,
having the key of the bottomless pit and a great chain
in his hand.
••And he laid hold on the dragon, that old serpent,
which is the devil, and Satan, and bound him a thous-
and years.
• And cast him into the bottomless pit, and shut
him up. and set a seal upon him, that he should de-
the nations no more, till the thousand years
should be fulfilled: and after that he must be loosed a
little season." (Rev. xx: 1-3.)
"And the sea gave up the deed which were in it;
and death and hell delivered up the dead which were
in them: and they were judged every man according
to their works.
"And death and hell were cast into the lake of
tire. This is the second death.
••And whosoever was not found written in the
book of life was cast into the lake of fire." (Revelations xx:
13, 14-)
"And I heard a great voice out of heaven, saying. Behold,
the tabernacle of God is with men, and he will dwell with
C.1JI II.'K'II ,^< III...1.
them, and they shall be his people, and God himself shall be
with them, and be their God.
•'And God shall wipe away all tears from their eyes; and
there shall be no more death, neither sorrow, nor crying, neither
WHAT THE MORMONS BELIEVE.
JACKSON MCHOOr.i.
shall there be any more pain : for the former things are passed
away." (Rev. xxi: 3, 4.)
"But the day of the Lord will come as a thief in the night,
in the which the heavens shall pass away with a great noise;
and the elements shall melt with fervent heat, the
earth also and the works that are therein shall be
burned up.
"Seeing then that all these things shall be dis-
solved, what manner of persons ought ye to be in all
holy conversation and godliness.
"Looking for and hasting unto the coming of the
day of God, wherein, the heavens being on fire, shall
be dissolved, and the elements shall melt with fervent
heat?
"Nevertheless we, according to his promise, look
for new heavens and a new earth, wherein dwelleth
righteousness." (II. Peter iii: 10-13.)
"Behold the Lord maketh the earth empty; and
maketh it waste, and turneth it upside down, and
scattereth abroad the inhabitants thereof.
"And it shall be, as with the people, so with the
priest; as with the servant, so with his master; as
with the maid, so with her mistress; as with the buyer,
so with the seller; as with the lender, so with the bor-
rower; as with the taker of usury, so with the giver
of usury to him.
"The land shall be utterly emptied, and utterly
spoiled, for the Lord hath spoken this word.
"The earth mourneth, and fadeth away; the world
languisheth and fadeth away; the haughty people of the earth
do languish.
"The earth also is defiled under the inhabitants thereof,
WHAT THE MORMONS BbUbVb.
because they have transgressed the laws, changed the ordi-
nance, broken the everlasting covenant.
''Therefore hath the curse devoured the earth, and they
that dwell therein are desolate; therefore the inhabitants of
M>\VKI,I, -M IKx.l.
the earth are burned, and few men left." (Isaiah xxiv; 1-6.)
And it shall come to pass in that day, that the Lord shall
punish the host of the high ones that are on high, and the kings
of the earth upon the earth.
••And they shall be gathered together as prison
ers are gathered in the pit, and shall be shut up
in the prison, and after many days shall they be
visited.
"Then the moon shall be confounded, and the
sun ashamed, when the Lord of hosts shall reign in
Mount Zion. and in Jerusalem, and before his ancients
gloriously." (Isaiah xxiv: 21-23.)
"And at the name of Jesus every knee should
bow, of things in heaven and things on earth, and
things under the earth;
"And that every tongue should confess that Jesus
Christ is Lord to the glory of God the Father.
(Phil, ii: 10, u.)
"And in the days of these kings shall the God of
heaven set up a kingdom which shall never be de-
stroyed : and the kingdom shall not be left to other
people, but it shall break in pieces and consume all
these kingdoms, and it shall stand forever. (Dan. 11:44)
••I saw in the night visions, and, behold, one like
the Son of Man came with the clouds of heaven, and
came to the Ancient of days, and they brought him
near before him.
"And there was given him dominions, and glory
WHAT THE MORMONS BELIEVE.
and a kingdom, that all people, nations, and languages, should
serve him: his dominion is an everlasting dominion, which shall
not pass away, and his kingdom that which shall not be de-
stroyed." (Daniel vii: 13,14.)
"The wolf and the lamb shall feed together, and
the lion shall eat straw like the bullock: and dust
shall be the serpent's meat. They shall not hurt nor
destroy in all my holy mountain, saith the Lord."
(Isaiah Ixv: 25.)
"For as the new heavens and the new earth,
which I will make, shall remain before me, saith the
Lord, so shall your seed and your name remain.
(Isaiah Ixvi: 22.)
"Then cometh the end, when he shall have de-
livered up the kingdom to God, even the Father, when
he shall have put down all rule and all authority and
power.
"For he must reign, till he hath put all enemies
under his feet.
"The last enemy that shall be destroyed is death.
"And when all things shall be subdued unto him,
then shall the Son also himself be subject unto him
that put all things under him, that God may be all in
all." (Cor. xv : 24-26, 28.)
As to eternal marriage and the glory and domin-
ion of the redeemed, it will be seen that when the
first marriage was performed in Eden, the pair were
immortal. Death came by sin, but life was restored
through the atonement. Adam and Eve are therefore man 'and
wife for eternity.
"And the rib which the Lord God had taken from man
made he a woman, and brought her unto the man.
HTH DISTRICT SCHOOL,.
WHAT THE MORMONS BELIEVE.
"And Adam said. This is now bone of my bones, and flesh of my
flesh: she shall be called woman, because she was taken out of man."
(Genesis ii: 22.)
"So God created man in his own image, in the image of God
created he him; male and female created he them.
"And God blessed them, and God said unto them, Be fruitful and
multiply, and replenish the earth, and subdue it; and have dominion
over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over every
living thing that moveth upon the earth." (Gen. i: 27, 28.)
"For since by man came death, by man came also the resurrec-
tion of the dead.
••For as in Adam all die, even so in Christ shall all be made
alive." (I. Cor. xv: 21, 22.)
••Nevertheless, neither is the man without the woman, neither
the woman without the man in the Lord." (I. Cor. xi: ri.)
••Blessed and holy is he that hath part in the first resurrection:
on such the second death hath no power, but they shall be priests of
(i-id and of Christ, and shall reign with him a thousand years
(Kt-v. xx : 6.)
••And he that sat upon the throne said, Behold, I make all things
new. And he said unto me, Write; for these words are true and
faithful.
'And he said unto me, it is done. I am Alpha and Omega, the
beginning and the end. I will give unto him that is athirst, of the
fountain of the water of life freely.
-He that overcometh shall inherit all things; and I will be his
God, and he shall be my son. (Rev. xxi; 5-7.)
OP;;TRAI>K
WHAT THE MORMONS BELIEVE.
1<X)KT DOUGLAS PARADE GROUNDS.
Resources ant)
Attractions of 'Qtab.
[Tht fallowing interesting information is taken from a woi k of the above
title, compiled by H. L. A. Culmer for the Salt Lake Chamber of Commerce.]
/ ITAH occupies an important position in the
1*1 trans-Mississippi group of states. It adjoins
^^ Colorado, Nevada, Arizona and Idaho. It is
275 miles in width and 345 miles in length. The
splendid Wasatch Mountains sweep down its center
and the Uintah Mountains cross its upper half. It is
a region of snow-clad mountains and broad, beautiful
valleys. A hundred streams flow from the mountains
and meander through the vales. It has a number of
fresh water lakes of considerable size, and that wonder-
ful inland sea, the Great Salt Lake, is a far-famed
feature of its topography. Within the border lines of
the State there exists a most remarkable variety of
country, containing many unique features, and some that have
made it world-famous, such as the Grand -Canyons of the Colo-
rado, and other wild scenery of the southern portion of the State.
Lying between lofty mountain ranges are beautiful and verdant
valleys, capable of sustaining a very large population, and afford-
ing a variety of scenery that makes the whole State singularly
A CiKOUI» OK A.MKKU'AN IXDIANS.
attractive and a charming place of abode. A greater portion of
its area constitutes the eastern and fruitful portion of the Great
Basin, — that strange region whose waters are lost in the earth
and never reach the ocean. The eastern half of the State is
drained into the Colorado. The population of Utah is about
240,000; its area is 87,730 square miles. The mountain chains
RESOURCES AND ATTRACTIONS OF UTAH.
usually run north and south, and nearly all of them contain zones
of precious metals. Probably no other State in the Union con-
tains within its borders such a variety of resources. No other
State could be so nearly independent and self-supplying. If
intercourse were totally cut off from the outside, there are very
few of the necessaries or luxuries of life that could not be pro-
duced within the boundaries of Utah in abundance. It is an
empire within itself. This fact will be easily realized by a study
of the endless variety of products described in this account.
Although it is but fifty years since settlement began in Utah, the
extraordinary scope of our possibilities in mining, agriculture,
industry in ranch and range production, and internal commerce
already developed, proves this beyond question; and much of
what is now imported might easily be produced in our midst,
should it become necessary. With every variety of climate,
which is generally salubrious and agreeable, there are the valleys
for the farmer, the gardener and the fruit grower; the foot hill
slopes and terraces for the sheep raiser; the mountains for the
miner; the scenery and hunting among the mountains, the water
fowl and grouse of the prairies for the pleasure seeker; the
thermal springs, the Salt Lake air and bathing for the invalid,
and plenty of opportunity and occupation for the man of business
and enterprise.
CLIMATE AS A RESOURCE.
The wonderful climate of Utah has received the attention
of some of the best writers on the subject in America, and in
many very important features it has been acknowledged to-
approach the "ideal climate," — a treasure that has been sought
as eagerly as any boon which the world offers. To be thorough
in recording, however briefly, extracts from the leading articles
that have been published on the climate of Utah, we must refer
to the testimony of Father Silvestre Velez de Escalante, the
first white man to set foot on Utah's soil, who started from Santa
Fe and reached Utah Lake on the 23rd of September, 1776, and
thereupon inscribed upon his tablets, that "Here the climate is
so delicious, the air so balmy, that it is a pleasure to breathe it
by day and by night."
No region excels ours in natural advantages for the well-
being of its citizens. We have a great inland sea rolling at our
feet possessing inherent virtues in its waters essentially tonic and
invigorating to the general system. We have thermal springs
of varying degrees of temperature and of varied properties; we
have the sunshine peculiar to a dry climate and we thrive upon
it; the sunshine coming to us through a clear, pure atmosphere
reflects cheerfulness and makes the world smile. We live in
nature's sanitarium subjected to healthful influences and dwell-
ing under a cloudless sky. Our most favorable climatic proper-
ties are dryness, coolness and equability. Dr. Standart claimed
our ideal climate to consist in the varied topography of this
inter-mountain region. The cool fresh air of the mountains,
light and pure; the peculiar local atmosphere of the Great Salt
Lake; the distance inland; the sheltered situation of our valleys;
their elevation above sea level, all combining to create what
many travelers have found here, "the most unique and wonder-
SAI/r.MU liKACH I'AVIIJOX.
RESOURCES AND ATTRACTIONS OF UTAH.
ful climate on the face of the globe." We have no cyclones,
blizzards, sand-storms, tornadoes nor earthquakes. The velocity
of the wind is less in winter than in summer. This is true of no
other place in the United States, except San Francisco. In
autumn, the climate of Utah is simply unapproachable in all the
qualities that make weather delightful, — clear, sparkling and
bracing. From September until Christmas the sun shines per-
petually, and out-door exercise is delightful. The annual aver-
age mean range of temperature is 51.5; the average monthly
range is 47-5> and the average daily range is 18.6. This means
that we have winter and summer; the seasons make their
rounds; we have snow-fall and frost, sleigh-riding and skating
in winter, showers and blossom-time in spring, warmth and
fruitfulness in summer, and bracing, open weather in the autumn.
This is not a country where the weather is mild all the year; we
have the changing seasons, the real summer and the real winter,
which is desirable. Professor Jones says: It is undoubtedly
true that a climate where there is no difference between Christ-
mas and the 4th of July, where every day is like every other,
except for the dust, is a first-class place to die in; but to live, we
want a climate that will stir up our energies, that will bring out
all our powers and keep us alive and aggressive, without making
us suffer because of its rigor; this we have in Utah."
There is scarcely any dew in this country, so that the nights
are as dry as the days. We have no rainy season, but we have
showers all through the summer. We have no fogs nor drizzling
rains, nor fierce and cold winds, and on the average 315 days
out of the year are clear and fair. The average date of first
snow in the valley is November ist. It never snows later than
the middle of April. The first frost comes towards the end of
September, and there is none later than April.
Physicians recommend this climate particularly for those
suffering from pulmonary diseases, which cannot exist here ex-
cept in a relieved and modified condition. Dr. Niles has covered
this feature thoroughly, not only by his own extended observa-
tions, but by conference with others. He states: "The most
rapid and satisfactory results have been noticed in that largest
class of American invalids whose deteriorated health and loss of
nervous mental and physical vigor has been caused by overwork,
worry, mental strain, etc., and which, without any recognizable
specific cause, exhibit various distressing symptoms or functional
disorder, such as neuralgias, sleeplessness, dizziness, mental de-
pression, weak digestion, disturbance of the circulation, etc. As
might naturally be expected, these troublesome patients usually
respond promptly to the pleasant and complete change and to
the invigorating influence of this climate."
AGRICULTURE.
It will be difficult to treat of this subject without conveying
the impression that the writer suffers from chronic enthusiasm
and cannot describe any resource of the State without resorting
to the superlative, but no statements will be made in these pages
which cannot be verified by undisputed evidence. It is not
everything that can be grown in this State. Bread fruit, ban-
anas, mangoes, sago and other tropical fruits or products cannot
<i.\ 1\ FI KI-,1) UKAt'II. KKA<-HK1> IIY 0. H. I_ HAII.WAY.
RESOURCES AND ATTRACTIONS OF UTAH.
be produced. Oranges, figs and lemons can only be grown in
the southern part of the State; but the agricultural products of
Utah are wide in their range and almost without exception they
are of excellent quality. Although our farms are small, we
grow enormous crops to the acre. The expense per acre is
large, but the yield compensates for the cost. Nearly all our
farming requires irrigation, which almost doubles the labor
otherwise required upon a crop, but irrigation means high culti-
vation, and it is therefore possible to produce from fifty acres
as much as one hundred acres elsewhere would yield, so that a
given area will support a larger farming population in Utah than
in other places. The soil is usually magnificent; charged with
natural fertilizers, rich, deep and vigorous, seeming anxious to
respond to the efforts of the husbandman when once the life-
giving waters are spread upon its surface. There has never
been a ton of artificial fertilizer brought to this State to our
knowledge. The soil is charged with calcium-phosphate and
other chemicals which nature requires to invigorate and sustain
the fruits of the field. That subtle something which replaces
the missing ingredients in the soil, is supplied in the waters of
irrigation.
GRAIN.
WHEAT. — The soil and climate of Utah are well adapted to
the cultivation and growth of wheat. The latest official returns,
gathered, however, with great care and accuracy, showed an
average yield per acre of twenty-two bushels in 1890. The
United States report for the same year shows 17.2, and the Ag-
ricultural College report shows an average from irrigated lands
to be twenty-nine bushels in 1891. The price rarely falls below
sixty cents, and frequently reaches seventy-five and eighty cents.
Utah wheat exhibited by the Agricultural College of Loganr
received an award at the World's Fair. Under our system of
irrigation and consequent high cultivation the yield per acre in
exceptional instances has been astonishingly great. In 1889 the
American Agriculturist offered a prize of $500 to the farmer
raising the largest crop of wheat to the acre in any place in the
United States. The prize was secured by Wm. Gibby, who
produced 4806 pounds of clean wheat, being eighty bushels and
six pounds, from one acre of ground, accurately surveyed, on
the outskirts of Salt Lake City.
OATS. — Those who keep up work horses are willing to pay
twenty-five to thirty per cent more for Utah oats of ordinary
quality than for a fair grade of Eastern. Utah oats, therefore,
command a good price, and when the market favors export a
comparatively high figure is asked and received.
BARLEY. — There was no barley exhibited at the World's
Fair equal to that produced in Utah. Our barley has always
been considered superior to any other produced in the United
States. It is very heavy, — fifty to fifty-five pounds to the bushel,
thin-skinned and in every way superior.
CORN. — Although Utah does not pose as a corn country,
there are nearly ten thousand acres under cultivation. The hot
sultry nights which corn requires are not characteristic of our
climate, but in some of the southern parts excellent crops are
produced.
OL.D FOIJ\S* DAY. VI- I. Mi. ..IN. .11 -I.Y .1. IM,«.
RESOURCES AND ATTRACTIONS OF UTAH.
RYE. — Comparatively little is cultivated in Utah, although the
quality is superb and the yield above that of the average for the
United States.
GRASSES.
ALFALFA. — This is one of the most important crops of
Utah. It can be grown on rough ground that is too dry for grass
and too broken and stony for grain. The cultivation of alfalfa,
or lucern, has proven one of the greatest blessings enjoyed by
the farming people of Utah. Excellent crops have been secured
by merely clearing off the brush and casting the seed over the
ground. It takes longer to get a good start this way, and it is
more difficult than if the ground is stirred or broken, but it
thrives better in the end. Probably one hundred and fifty thou-
sand acres are now under cultivation.
HAY. — Clover, timothy and redtop hay are grown in all parts
of the State. Hay cures beautifully and retains its nourishing
quality better in this State than elsewhere, owing to the dry at-
mosphere. Utah grasses exhibited at the World's Fair were
pronounced beyond comparison with any others shown in the
agricultural building.
VEGETABLES, ETC. — The Utah potato is justly famous all
over the United States. In 1890 there were some eight thou-
sand acres under cultivation, yielding a million bushels; but that
was an off year; our annual product is usually much greater.
The late Secretary Rjisk said, "Utah beats the world for pota-
toes."
Utah has also a fine reputation for carrots, which sometimes
yield, of good quality, as much as eighteen hundred bushels to
the acre; also for onions, turnips, parsnips, radishes, etc. The
great beet sugar factory at Lehi has developed the cultivation of
sugar beets throughout the middle counties.
We annually export large quanties of cabbage, cauliflower
and celery, the latter growing exceptionally fine: and for home
consumption we raise an abundance of beans, peas, lettuce, cab-
bage, squash, tomatoes, asparagus, etc. In the southern part
of the State cotton is very successfully raised. It averages six
hundred pounds to the acre, which is- an enormous yield, the
average for the Southern States being usually about one hundred
and seventy pounds.
THE ORCHARDS OF UTAH.
The same causes which give excellence to the grains and
vegetables of Utah also stand for orchard products of a high
class. Fresh fruits are exported in considerable quantities, and
wherever sent take a high place and command a ready sale. In
general terms, the superior characteristics are firmness, beauty,
and above all, fine flavor. Plums, German prunes, pears, apri-
cots, cherries and grapes of splendid quality and handsome
appearance are raised in great quantities; strawberries and rasp-
berries are both native to Utah; also red and black currants;
under cultivation the yield is very large and of surprising quality.
In the height of the season, strawberries come to market in the
greatest abundance, of magnificent appearance and fine flavor.
SALT L.AKK CITY ANJ) COUXTY BUILDLXO.
RESOURCES AND ATTRACTIONS OF UTAH.
MINING.
Active mining commenced in Utah in 1870, although some
developments had been made in the Cottonwood districts during
the previous year. From that time until the present this industry
has proven the principal source of revenue to Utah, and has
contributed much to its prosperity. As early as 1872, the pro-
duction amounted to $2,547,916, the following year it had in-
creased to $4,523,497, the annual production steadily growing
until it reached its climax in 1892, when the production of gold,
silver, lead and copper had a seaboard value of $16,276,818.00.
The output would have continued to increase year by year had
not anti-silver legislation in Congress depressed prices and
caused a number of properties to shut down. As a result, the
output for 1893 was only $12,832,074.00, the falling off being in
silver, lead and copper, while the production of gold increased
over forty per cent. Utah's collection of specimens of the
various minerals' of the Territory won the highest prize at the
World's Fair. To give a complete account of the development
and possibilities of each of these would require a volume of
itself, but some idea of the mineral- resources of Utah may be
gathered by a brief reference to a few of the most important.
COAL. — Of the two principal coal fields that have been so
far developed in this State, one is at Coalville, Summit County,
the other in Carbon County, extending from Castle Gate to Sco-
field. In one year, Coalville produced 49,080 tons, and Carbon
County 331,878 tons, while an unknown but considerable
quantity was produced in other parts of the State. Splendid
coal beds also exist in a number of the southern counties.
IRON. — There are iron deposits that can be worked with
profit in Cache, Weber, Wasatch, Salt Lake, Morgan, Juab, and
many other counties of Utah, but the greatest of all is in Iron
County, which possesses one of the most remarkable deposits in
the world. Near Cedar City is the Iron Mountain, computed
to contain fifty million tons of fine iron ore. Prof. Newberry
has said of this mountain : "The deposits of iron ore near Iron
City in south-western Utah are probably not excelled in intrinsic
value by any in the world. * * * There are certainly no
other deposits to compare with them west of the Mississippi for
the manufacture of pig and bar iron and steel, and it would be
difficult to estimate the influence they would have on the indus-
tries of the Pacific Coast."
SULPHUR. — Excellent sulphur mines exist in Washington
County and in other parts of the State, but the important de-
posit is that owned by the Utah Sulphur Company at Cove
Creek, Millard County. This surpasses any other deposit in
the known world, the sulphur being far richer and more abund-
ant than in Sicily, from which the world draws its greatest
supply. One thousand tons were shipped in 1893 to St. Louis,
Chicago, Omaha, Denver, Kansas City and Portland, Oregon;,
but the trade is increasing and the developments at the mines
will now permit a much larger output.
PLASTER OF PARIS. — At Nephi, Juab County, the Nephi
Plaster Manufacturing Company supply the whole of Utah and
ship large quantities to California. , The output of 1893 was
fifteen hundred tons, of superior quality. The raw material,,
gypsum, from which this is made, is said to be the purest known.
u
M A M M< >T1 I. -I VI UK I II I I V M.I I -, M V M Ml .'I II AND < i l( AND C'K.NTH A I. M I N KM. HIM II 1:1. HV «•. ». I. HV.
RESOURCES AND ATTRACTIONS OF UTAH.
SALT. — A company at Nephi, Juab County, is engaged in
the manufacture of refined salt from the rock salt found near by,
and another company is doing a large business in the sale of
rock salt as mined. A number of the lower altitude counties of
Utah can produce salt to advantage, especially Sevier County!
but the principal source of supply is in the Great Salt Lake
itself, which is probably the best and largest deposit of brine in
the world. Its waters carry about twenty per cent, of salt.
Around the Lake are salt farms, where ponds are made by
building levees, to obtain salt by solar evaporation. This salt
is stacked in piles and is ready for market as coarse salt for
stock and for the amalgamating works throughout the mining
regions. About one hundred thousand tons per annum are
usually gathered in this way. The Salt business of Utah amounts
to about two hundred thousand dollars per annum.
ASPHALTUM. — The asphaltum fields of Utah are in the north-
eastern part of the State, almost the whole of Wasatch and
Uintah Counties being impregnated with the mineral in a great
variety of forms and conditions, the principal kinds being gilson-
ite, ozokerite (130,000 pounds produced in 1889), wurtzelite
(often called elaterite), asphaltic limestone and gilsonite, which
are the only forms that have been profitably worked. A com-
bination of the two has been used successfully in paving the
principal streets of Salt Lake City.
Asbestos of good quality is found in Beaver County. Indi-
cations of Petroleum that are likely to lead to a profitable de-
velopment are found in Carbon County, near Pleasant Valley
and near Green River. Graphite is discovered in Box Elder
Couuty and in Utah County. There are large beds not far
from Provo and some near Goshen. One of the most remark-
able deposits known of Selenite is found in Wayne County near
the Fremont River. Mica is found in Box Elder County, in
Davis County and Uintah County. The deposit in Box Elder
County promises to furnish an article fit for commerce.
CLAYS. — A great variety of rich and beautiful clays exist
in Utah, almost every county having a deposit of some kind of
clay. In Salt Lake County, near Draper, is a vast bed of
kaolin, from which articles of delicate and purest white pottery
have been made on an experimental scale.
Veins carrying BISMUTH have been found in Beaver County
near Beaver City, carrying from one to six per cent, of the
metal. This metal has also been found in the mines of Bingham,
but there are no reduction works in this country designed for its-
extraction.
SODA and NITRE exist in Weber, Utah, and other counties,
and ALUM in abundance in Iron County.
MINERAL SPRINGS. — It would be impossible to describe the
mineral and thermal springs of Utah, so great are their variety
and so widely scattered throughout the various counties. The
best known are the sulphur springs on the outskirts of Salt Lake
City, whose curative properties have aided the physicians in
accomplishing wonderful restorations. The Idanha water of
soda springs, near the northern boundry of the State, secured
the first prize above every competitor at the World's Fair,
rival waters being submitted from all parts of the world.
MKKCl K, WIIKIIi: Tin: I \M.,t •-, I. ••!.!. I. N ,,\TK ANM MKKCfK MINI- Mil: I..K-ATKI1. KKM 111:1. HV <>. H. I.. HA1I.WAY.
RESOURCES AND ATTRACTIONS OF UTAH.
COMMERCE.
The commerce and trade of Utah are confined to no limited
field, but embrace within certain proportions nearly all the
varied interests that belong to the country at large. In these
matters, as in most others, while the proportions of our opera-
tion* may not be so great as to excite wonder and admiration, it
must be admitted that in point of variety no other State or Ter-
ritory can view us with disdain. We have examined into the
commercial activities of many States separately, and have been
struck with the prevailing feature that each State, as a general
proposition, maintains its activity in special lines, -but in Utah
this is not the case. The range of subjects which the man of
trade in this State is called upon to consider is bewildering, and
as varied as the numberless resources, mineral, agricultural and
industrial, that are briefly referred to in these pages. If each of
these interests can be developed, as we believe they will be, in
proportion to their merits and the opportunities that exist in this
State, the future of trade and commerce in the years to come
will be exceedingly great.
In the larger cities, such as Ogden, Provo, Logan and Salt
Lake City a genuine jobbing trade is supported. We have
wholesale jobbing houses devoted exclusively to dry goods, or
clothing, or groceries, hardware, fruits and produce, grain, boots
and shoes, machinery and other single lines. Their trade is not
confined to this State alone, but extends for hundreds of miles
into other regions. The general credit of the merchants and
traders of Utah is first-class. Failures are comparatively few.
INDUSTRIES.
The subject of home industries has commanded the atten-
tion of the people of Utah from the time of its first settlement.
Isolated as it was in the beginning, necessity compelled the pro-
duction of many articles which other communities import, and
drove the people into finding means to manufacture them. It
was thus revealed that from the many resources that lie about
us a large proportion of the materials used at home could be
made here, and in early times the self-supplying faculty of the
residents of Utah was developed under great difficulties, and
they learned to do many things in a primitive way that have
since been refined upon and expanded until the quality and
quantity of the goods manufactured in this State are by no
means insignificant. "Home manufacture" has been so long and
so steadily a familiar watchword with the people of Utah that
there are not many communities in the West that have attempted
such various lines of industry. Not all of these have succeeded,
yet we will bear comparison with many older States. There is
a genuine determination among the people of Utah to establish
and sustain the manufacturing interests of the State. We
accuse ourselves and each other of a lack of interest in these
matters, but this only shows that we are alive to the necessity.
The volume of manufactured material produced is a proof of
our sincerity in this direction. The leaders of the people in
early times told them that they had all the material necessary to
make them one of the most prosperous and independent peoples
on earth, if they would only make use of the material that
DOUBLE < 'I K( 'I ,!•:. ,,N THK TI.VI-IC- UK ANI-II OK THK H. a. w. HAIIAVAV.
RESOURCES AND ATTRACTIONS OF UTAH.
nature had placed at their disposal. Repeated efforts under
adverse circumstances gave the start to a manufacturing com-
munity, and as early as 1850 the industrial products of Utah
amounted to $291,220. In 1860 this amount had increased to
$900,153. Ten years later, according to the census returns, it
was $2,343,019, and in 1890 the returns showed that there were
310 enterprises of this character in operation, mrning out a
product valued at $5,836,003. The capital invested was
$4,405,881. The plants cost $3,215,511, and they used that
year, raw material worth $2,137,291. 3,274 hands were em-
ployed, and the wages paid were $1,597,177- We have good
reason to believe these figures to be under statements even
for 1890, but were the data of today obtainable, a consider-
able increase would now be shown; but these dry figures
must impress every thoughtful reader that the people of Utah
engage heartily in the development of their industrial possi-
bilities, and by this means maintain their prosperity and con-
tribute to the well being of the population.
SOCIAL AFFAIRS AND AMUSEMENTS.
The people of Utah are fraternal, progressive and well
abreast of the American tide of advancement; in each town and
hamlet there is a marked degree of ambition toward refinement
and intellectual development, — for there is not a settlement with-
out its library and improvement association, — and in music,
painting, oratory, social culture, and in general educational
matters, the people occupy the front rank with any -Western
commonwealth. Among the other good things that Utah has
to say for herself, these are not to be overlooked, for, notwith-
standing the allurements of better health and prosperity, many
excellent people accustomed to social advantages and refine-
ments, have hesitated to make a home in the West, because
they fear to lose the opportunities of intellectual culture for
themselves and their children. There need be no such fear.
In the larger cities of Utah, there are art associations, liter-
ary clubs, a university club, press club, lodges of all the
leading, Masonic, Odd-Fellow, and other secret aid societies,
fine churches of nearly every religious denomination, dramatic
associations, public libraries, and similar institutions that go to
make up a cultured environment. At a recent exhibition of
paintings by the Society of Utah Artists, a great many original
paintings of much merit proved that in this branch of art we
have developed further than any other State between Illinois
and California. Several Utah artists were represented at the
World's Fair, and some of their works were purchased by the
City of Chicago for the permanent exhibition.
GORGEi O
N Till. l.liXVKK A 1110 I.KANIIi: KAII.KIIAII.
OREGON SHORT LINC RAILROAD
Yellowstone National Park*
A tour of the Great West is not com-
plete unless it includes a trip to the
wonderful Yellowstone National
Park. A most delightful excursion
is one embraci g
Scenic Colorado
The Land of the Mormons
and Yellowstone Park*
Plan your PARK excursion via the
OREGON SHORT LINE and the
MONIDA ROUTE. The equip-
ment is new, and the service perfect.
Send four cents postage to D. E. Bur-
ley, Salt Lake City, for copy of ele-
gant Yellowstone folder.
Mercur,
UTAH'S GREAT GOLD CAMP,
Can be visited, and a return made to
Salt Lake City, the same day.
The ride over the little Salt Lake &
Mercur Railway, as it creeps over the
Oquirrh range, will well repay you,
and a visit to Mercur, the home of
the largest cyanide mill in the United
States, if not in the world, will give
an insight into the unique method
employed for the extraction of gold.
and
All the Great Mining Districts are
only or best reached via the Oregon
Short Line.
Sixteen Passenger Trains arrive and
leave Salt Lake City daily over the
Oregon Short Line, affording the very
best service between points in Utah.
D. E. BURLEY, G. P. & T. A.
SAL.T
S. W. ECCLES, Gen'l Traffic Manager.
CITY,
\K KIN KK CANAL.
l.l N i; x \II.KO\II.
0co. Q. Cannon $ Sons Company
II and u main Street
Salt Cake City, • Utah
Leading Publishers of mormon Books
Day and Sunday School Supplies
Stationery and Printing
new and Complete Catalogue Tree on flpplication next Door nortb of Z. €. m. T.