UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
BULLETIN No. 172
Contribution from the Bureau of Plant Industry
WM. A. TAYLOR, Chief
Washington, D. C.
PROFESSIONAL PAPER
March 13, 1915
~i-n
= 3-
THE
VARIETIES OF PLUMS DERIVED FROM
NATIVE AMERICAN SPECIES
By
W. F. WIGHT, Botanist, Office of Horticultural and
Pomological Investigations
CONTENTS
Introduction
Geographical Origin of Varieties
Parentage of Varieties
Varieties Classified by Species
Classified Varieties .
Hybrid Varieties . .
Unclassified Varieties
Page
1
2
3
4
4
6
8
Page
Origin and Species of Native Varieties of '
Plums and of Hybrids 8
Explanation 8
Alphabetical List of Native Varieties
and Hybrids 10
SB
377
W55
1915
WASHINGTON
c. 1
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
ESCI
1915
^i^r^ — -
BULLETIN OF THE
USPEPffllNIOFAilOllIIl
No. 172
Contribution from the Bureau of Plant Industry, Wm. A. Taylor, Chief.
March 13, 1915.
(PROFESSIONAL PAPER.)
THE VARIETIES OF PLUMS DERIVED FROM
NATIVE AMERICAN SPECIES.^
By W. F. Wight.
Botanist, Office of Horticultural and Pomological Investigations/'
INTRODUCTION.
The development from the wild condition and the introduction
into cultivation of the varieties of plums enumerated in the following
pages have taken place within the last hundred years, much the
larger proportion even within the past fifty years. For various
reasons many of the varieties never attained more than a local repu-
tation, while others did not remain long in general cultivation.
There are sections of the country where selection must be exer-
cised even with native species in order to secure a tree of sufficient
hardiness to withstand the strain of increased production when
placed under cultivation. Some are lacking in the quality of the
fruit, others are too susceptible to fungous troubles to make them
profitable, while doubtless many have been tried in regions adapted
to the growing of varieties of Old World species, where the natives
proved disappointing in comparison. Nevertheless, in other sections
the natives will probably be the main dependence, either as pure
species or as hybrids with Old World forms.
No other native North iVmerican fruit, with the exception of the
grape, has given rise to so many varieties as the plum. Not all of
these have been derived from the same wild species, and the varieties
belonging to a given form are mainly the ones best adapted to the
region in which the parent species is native. A knowledge of the
1 A botanical discussion of the native species of plums Ls given in U. S. Department of Agricxiltune Bul-
letin No. 179, entitled "Native American Species of rrunus."
' This paper -was prepared in 1911, while the vrriter was associated with the Office of Taxonomic and
■Range Investigations of the Bureau of riant Industry.
Note.— This bulletin is of general Interest, but especially to horticulturists engaged in studying varieties
or doing work in plum breeding.
72210*— Bull. 172—15 1
2 BULLETIN 112, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUBE.
botanical aflSnilies of a given variety is therefore a matter of much
importance to both the nurseryman and orchardist, and for this
reason the attempt has been made to identify each variety with its
species. This has been done either by a study of material or by
means of such descriptions as exist in horticultural literature in the
case of varieties no longer known to be in cultivation or of which it
has been impracticable for any other reason to secure material.
These pages also constitute a record of achievement in American
pomology with a fruit the importance of which was long overlooked
and the value of which, even at the present time, is recognized by
comparatively few. Information is brought together concerning the
parentage when known, and a record is made of the work of those who
have concerned themselves with the improvement of this fruit.
With few fruits is there an equal opportunity to record step by step
the advance which has been made since the original of the first-named
variety was brought from its wild thicket and planted in a garden.
GEOGRAPHICAL ORIGIN OF VARIETIES.
The varieties of native plums have mainly originated in the Missis-
sippi Valley, the State of Iowa alone having furnished 175, while 74
have come from Minnesota and 44 from South Dakota. Among the
Southern States a much larger number, 97, have originated m Texas
than in all of the others combined. In most of the States, too, the
varieties originated have been from the species native to the region.
In Iowa, for instance, 138 belong to Prunus americana, leaving a
comparatively small number belonging to species not native to the
State. In Texas, also, three-fourths of the total number are either
of the species growing within the State or hybrids one of the parents
of which is native to the Slate. It is in these western and southern
regions that the fruit of several of the species appears to reach its
greatest perfection in the wild condition, and doubtless the greatest
development under cultivation may be expected to take place here
also.
The geographical origin of the different varieties is indicated more
clearly in Table I, which is designed to show the number of varieties
belonging to a given species that have originated in each State. The
varieties originating from subspecies are included with the species,
but the hybrids are given separately.
VAKIETIES OF PLUMS FROM NATIVE AMERICAN SPECIES.
Table I. — Plums belonging to different species, showing the number of varieties that
have originated in each State of the United States and in Canada.
State or section.
03
a
a
■fe
s
<
03
n
d ^
axi
■<
i
03
a
03
a .
as
03
a
o
3
a
.a
a
g
a
3
.2
1
3
a
<
.a
<1
>>
V.
n
03
s
"C
03
8
3
>*
3
Ph
'6
s
3
0
&H
Alabama
3
4
2
3
California
2
12
14
I
9
1
4
....
6
29'
6
16
Canada, western
W
Florida
6
13
2
4
Indiana
2
138
5
7
1
1
4
6
1
2
5
3
2
175
Illinois
?1
Kansas . . .
2
1?
fi
IjOiiisiana
1
3
4
0
4
10
Maryland
3
55
1
3
1
6
1
1
1
2
n
Minnesota
3
1
1
74
Mississippi
3
2
19
'5'
2
18
Nebraska
10
4
53
New Jersey
3
1
North Carolina
2
5
13
Ohio
4
1
1
?
South Carolina
3
19
11
3
17
50
Tennessee
3
8
"Y
13
1
8
10
q
Texas
2
29
19
97
Vermont
13
4
Virsinia
1
West Virginia
1
Wisconsin
3
1
17
PARENTAGE OF VARIETIES.
Comparatively few data appear to be available concerning the
parentage of varieties, and in particular information is lacking as to
what has served as either the seed or pollen parent of a given variety.
Definite statements may be found indicating a direct wild origin for
about 6 nigra, 50 americana, 7 hortulana, 3 munsoniana, and 15
angustifolia varieties, and probably the actual number introduced
from the wild is somewhat greater in each case. A large majority of
the varieties have originated under cultivation, yet, as stated above,
exact statements concerning the seed or pollen parents of many of
them do not appear to be available. What seem to be reliable
accounts concerning the origin of varieties show Cheney to be the
seed parent of 1 variety; De Soto of 12; Forest Garden, 2; Gold
Coin, 1; Hammer, 1; Harrison, 15; Hawkeye, 10; Iowa Beauty, 1;
Lottie, 2; Miner, 8; Poole Pride, 1; Pottawattamie, 1; Purple
Yoscmite, 1; Quaker, 2; Robinson, 1; Rollingstone, 3; Sioux, 1;
Surprise, 1; Van Burcn, 9; Wayland, 2; Weaver, 3; Wild Goose, 26;
and Wolf, 4. So far as known, these parent varieties, with fom* ex-
ceptions, are of wild origin. These four exceptions are Hammer,
which is a seedling of Miner; Hawkeye, a seedling of Quaker; Lottie,
4 BULLETIN 172, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGEICULTUEE.
a seedling of Van Buren; and Surprise, a seedling from an orchard of
several named varieties. It is true some other varieties have been
used more or less extensively in breeding work, but their progeny has
either not been named or has not been disseminated sufficiently for
their names to occur in nursery literature, and, so far as definite in-
formation is available, few •varieties seem to be more than two gener-
ations from the wild. This condition is probably very different from
what has taken place in the development of European varieties, a
large number of which are doubtless several, probably many, gener-
ations removed from their original wild progenitor.
VARIETIES CLASSIFIED BY SPECIES.^
CLASSIFIED VARIETIES.
PEUNTJS NIGRA.
Aitkin; Anderson No. 2; August; *Branden Ruby; *Canadian Apricot; Carstesen;
Cheney; *Cherry; Crimson; *Eureka; Hanson; Itasca; Manitoba; Manitoba No. 4;
*Mills Seedling; *Native Red; Odegard; Oxford; R. B. ^\*hyte Nos. 1, 4, and 5; Smith
Red; Snelling; Wazata.
PKUNTS AMERICANA.
*Admiral Schley; Advance; Alexander; Alexander Late; *Allen; Alpha-Americana;
Anderson; *Anna; *Annual Bearer; *Apple; *Apricot; Atkins; Bailey; Baldwin;
*Baraboo; *Bamsback; *Bean; Bender; Benson Market; '^Berry Hill; *Beta No. 4;
*Birchland; Bixby; Blackhawk; Bomberger; Bossland; Bounder; Brackett; *Brainerd;
Brookh-n; Bruning; BruningNo. 2; Bryan; *Budd; Burdick; California; *CampbeiI (?);
*Canarj'; Caneford; Captain Bacon; *Captain Watrous; *Caroline; Champion; Cher-
okee; *Chippewa; *Christie; City; Coinage; Collman; Colorado Queen; Comfort;
Comptine; Cottrell; *Couler; *Crable; Craig; *Cjxlone; Dahlgreen; Dakota; Daven-
port; Deepcreek; Dennis; Des Moines; De Soto; *Dewey; ^Diamond; Diana; Dor-
othy(?); Douglas; Dunlap No. 1; *Dunlap Nut; *Early Minnesota; Early Vermont;
Eaton; Eddie; *Edith; Eldorado; *Eldridge; *Emerson; Emma; Etta; Fairchild;
Fitzroy; *Flora Plena; Forest Garden; *Freestone; Galena; *Gamma No. 6 (?); *Garden
King; *Gates; Gaylord; *Gaylord Gold; Gem; *Goff; Gold (not the Gold of Stark
Bros.); *Gold Coin; *Gold Colored; Golden Mammoth; Golden Queen; Grace; Guil-
ford; *Guinea Egg; Haag; Harrison; *Harrison Large Red; Hart; Hartwick; *Harvest;
Hawkeye; Heaton; Hiawatha; *Hillside; Hilltop; *Hilman; *Hinckley; Holt; *Home-
Btead; Honey; *Hoskins; Hunt De Soto; *Huya; Ida; *Imperial; Iowa Beauty;
Ironclad; Isaac; Isabella; Ivason; ^Jessie; Joe Hooker; Jones; Jones Late; Julia;
Kampeska; Kathrin; Keith; Kickapoo; Klondike; Knudson; Kober; Kopp; Lambert;
Lang; *La Prairie; Large Red; Late Rollingstone; Le Due; *Legal Tender; ^Leonard;
*Letta; Lillie; Little; Lizzie; Lockey; Lottie; Louisa; *Luedloff; *Luedloff Green;
*Luedloff Red; Mackland; Macomber Nos. 1 and 2; *Manitoba Nos. 1, 2, and 5;
Mankato; Marais dea Cygne; *Marble; Marcellus; Marcus; *Marion; *MarJ9rie;
Marj^; Maud Lacey; *McKinley; ^Meadow; *Melon; Meyer; Miller; *Millett; *Mil-
lett Early Red; Millett T. T.; *Millett Very Early Red; Minnesota Seedling;
Minnetonka; *M. J. De Wolf; Mollie; *Monon; Monona; Moon; Moore's No. 1;
1 No material of those varieties marked by an asterisk (♦) has been seen by the writer, and they are referred
to the species on the basis of available descriptions and information concerning their origin or on the
authority of some horticulturist who has seen the variety. A mark of interrogation (?) indicates that
positive identification could not be made.
VARIETIES OF PLUMS FEOM NATIVE AMERICAN SPECIES. 5
Motteleigh; *Muldraugh; Muncy; *Mussey; *Neals; ^Nebraska "Wonder; Nellie;
Nellie Blanche; *Neverfail; *New American; *Newton; Newton Egg; New Ulm;
Nome; Norby; *Norby No. 1; *Norby No. 11; Noyes; Oatey; Ocheeda; Oglesby; Old
Gold; *01son; *Omega; Oren; Owatonna; *Parker (?); Patten B.; Peach; Peerless;
Penning; Penning No. 1; Penning Peach; Pilot; Piper, Plunks Potter; Premium;
President; Price; Purple Yosemite; *Quality; Rareripe; Rebecca; Reche; Red Cloud;
*Red Horse; *Redick; Reel; Richey Nos. 1 and 2; *Robert; Rockford; Rocky Moun-
tain; Rocky Mountain Dwarf (?); Rollingstone; Rollingstone Late; *Roselle; Rue;
Sada; *Sanderson; Schoenthal; September; Shanghai No. 2; Silas Wilson; *Sixby;
Slow; Smith; *Snyder; Speer; Splendid; *Springer; Steinman; Stella; *Sterling;
*Stickney; Stoddard ; Sugar Plum; Sunrise; Swift; Tecumseh ; *Terry De Soto; *Teton;
*Throssel; *Tomlingson (?); *Topa; *Trostle; United States; *Value; Van Deman;
Vermillion; *Violet (?); *Wagner; Wallace; Waraju; *Wamer; Warren; *Wastesa;
Weaver; Welch; Welcome; T\Tiite Prune; Wier; Wier No. 50; Wildrose; Williams;
Williams Nos. 17, 19, and 20; Wilson; Winnebago; Winnepeg; Witman; Wood; Worth;
Wragg; Wyant; *Yellow Americana; Yellow Sweet; *Yellow Yosemite; *Yuteca;
*Zekanta.
PEUNTTS AMEEIC.VNA LANATA.
*Alice; American Eagle; Brittlewood; Brlttlewood No. 3; *Caro; Consul; *Don;
Gloria; Pearl; Quaker; Quaker Beauty; Reinette; Terrj-; Van Buren; Wolf; *Wolf
Clingstone.
PETTNTJS MEXICAN A.
Buffalo BUI.
PRUNUS SXTBCOEDATA.
^Sierra; Sisson.
PEUNUS HORTULANA.
*American Golden; Aurora; Bales; Benson; Brogden's Prolific; Carver; Crimson
Beauty; *Culberson; Cumberland; Dunlap; Eldora; Garfield; Golden Beauty;
*Hoosier; Irby; Iris; Kanawha; Lakeside Nos. 1 and 2; *Langsdon; Leptune; Marano-
kita; *Mathews; *Missouri; Missouri Apricot; Moreman; *Peach Leaf; *Pontotoc;
Reed; Sucker State; Wagner No. 15; Wayland; Worldbeater; *Yellow Oregon.
PEU^rCS HORTULANA MINEEI.
Bestovall; Bulah; Clinton; *Decker; *Dennis SeedUng No. 3; Esther; Forest Rose;
*Forest Rose Improved; Gale(?); Garber; *Guilford No. 2; *Harris(?); *Hilda No. 5;
Indiana; lona; Irene; Iris; *Iroquois;.Maquoketa; Miner; Nebraska; Prairie Flower;
Rachel; *Red Glass; Sunset.
PRUNT7S MUNSONIANA.
*Amelia(?); Arkansas; Brunswick; *Butler; Charity Clark; *Clara; Cleveland;
Clifford; *Cuny; Da\is; Dorsett; Downing; Drouth King; Estella(?); Eureka; *Fan-
ning; Freeman; ^Freestone Goose; *Harper(?); *Hoffman; Hollister; Hughes; Indian
Chief; Jewell; Kicab; *King; *Late Goose; Macedonia; Miles; Milton; *Mississippi;
*Modern Woodman; *Muney; Newman; *Nolan; Ohio; Osage; *Oxheart; Pekin(?);
Poole Pride; Pottawattamie; *Ramsey Last; Red October; Red Skin; Robinson; Rou-
lette; Schley; *Shedd Cluster(?); Sniiley; Tenneha; ^Tennessee; Texas Belle; Thou-
sand-and-One; *Tucker; *Tudor(?); *Underhill Seedling; Venice; Venus; Vick;
"V^Oiitaker; Wild Goose; *Wild Goose Improved; *Wooster; Wooten; Wychoff; *Yellow
Wild Goose(?).
PEUNUS .\NGUSTIFOUA.
Caddo Chief; Clark; Early Red; *Kelley(?); *McPherson(?); Ogeeche; Ragland.
BULLETIN 172, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICI^LTURE.
PRUNUS ANGUSTIFOLIA VARIANS.
African; Black African; Clark; Cluck; Coletta; *Denton; *Early Honey; *Early
Sweet; *Echo(?); Emerson (Bruce); *Everbearing(?); Fawn; *Golden Drop; *Hattie
Porter; *Heep(?); *Heniing(?); *Hendrick(?); Jennie Lucas; *Lindheimer; Lone Star;
Mason; McCartney; *Mudson(?); Munson; Piram; *Red Cliickasaw(?); Sanders;
*Waddell; *Yellow Cherokee; *Yellow Chickasaw; Yellow Transparent.
PRUNUS ANGUSTIFOLIA WATSONI.
. *Bluemont; ^Clarendon; *Kansa3 Dwarf Sand Plum; *Large Purple; *Large Red;
*Large Yellow; *Panliandle; Purple Panhandle; Quitaque; Red Panhandle; Straw-
berry; Welcome; Yellow Panhandle.
PRITNUS MAEITIMA.
Alpha; Bassett; Beta.
PRUNUS BESSEYI.
*Champa; Heideman Black; Heideman Red; Heideman Yellow; Rocky Mountain
Cherry; *Sioux; *Tomahawk.
PRUNUS PUMILA.
*The New Wonderful Dwarf Cherry Tree.
HYBRID VARIETIES.i
AMERICANA vnrn angustifglia ■watsoni.
Laire (?).
AMERICANA "mTH ARMENIACA.
*Yuksa.
AMERICANA WITH BESSEYI.
*Cheresoto; Pennock; *Sansota; Whatisit.
AMERICANA WITH HORTULANA.
Cook Choice (?); Profuse (?); *Reagan; Van Houten.
AMERICANA WITH HORTULANA MINERt.
Crescent; Hammer; Idall (?); North Star; *Pomona (?); Surprise; *Truro.
AMERICANA WITH MUNSONIANA.
Cooper; *Duke (?); Forewattamie; Hunt; Pendent.
AMERICANA WITH NIGRA.
*Kitty; Manitoba No. 6.
AMERICANA WITH SIMONH.
^Hanska; *Inkpa; *Kaga; Toka; Tokata.
AMERICANA WITH TRIFLORA.
Ames; *"BAQ" (?); "Burbank X Redick"; Bursoto; Combination (?) (Williams);
Emerald; *Gaviota (?); *Leopard (?); Meneray (?); Omaha; *Oziya; Seper (?);
*Wakapa; *Wohanka.
ANGUSTIFOUA OR ANGUSTIFOLIA VARIANS WITH CERASIFERA.
*Doris; *Hattie (?); Marianna.
1 In this list all of t^e hybrids between two species are given under a single heading, irrespective of which
species is the seed parent.
BESSEYI WTTH CERASIFERA.
BESSEYI VTITH CEEASUS.
BESSEYI WITH SIMONn.
VARIETIES OF PLUMS FROM NATIVE AMERICAN SPECIES. 7
ANGUSTIFOLIA OE ANGUSTIFOLIA VARIAN9 WITH MtWSONIANA.
Beaty; Eagle; Emerson Yellow; Miller's No. 5 (?); Tarleton.
ANGUSTIFOLIA OR ANGUSTIFOLIA VAEIAN3 WITH TRIFLORA.
*Adele; Bertha; *Biconical; *Breck; *Daisy; Excelsior (?); Franklin; Funk;
Gonzales; Govalle; ^Halcyon; Holland; Kelsaw; Margaret; Nona; Preserver; Ragland;
Six Weeks; *Terrell; Watson; Yates.
ANGUSTIFOLLA WATSONI WITH BESSEYI.
Utah.
*Cistena; *Stanapa.
Montbessey (?).
*Tokaya.
BESSEYI WITH TRIFLORA.
*Enopa; *Etopa; *Eyami; *Ezaptan; *Sapa; *Skuya; *Wachampa.
BESSEYI WITH AMYGDALUS PERSICA.
*Kamde8a.
HORTULANA WITH HORTULANA MINEEL
*Marble; *Minco; *Presley; *Virgie.
HORTULANA WITH MUNSONIANA.
Choptank(?); *Ellis; *Gowa; Nimon; *011ie; Sophie (?); Wilder (?).
HORTULANA MINERI WITH MUNSONIANA.
^Lancaster; *Ray.
HORTULANA WITH TRIFLORA.
Dayton; *Eggles; Pander; *Satin; Waugh.
MEXICANA WITH MUNSONLANA.
Grayson.
Ward October Red.
Bilona.
Goosedye.
MEXICANA WITH REVERCHONH.
MEXICANA WITH TRIFLORA.
MUNSONIANA WITH CERASU3.
MUNSONIANA WITH TRIFLORA.
Advance; Alabama; America; Apple; *Bonner; *Burford; *Dora; Golden; Goose-0;
•Happiness; Juicy; *Lannix; *Minnie; Monolith; Red May; Ruby; *Scribner.
MUNSONIANA WITH AMYGDALUS PERSICA.
Blackman; Mule; *Southern Beauty.
PUMILA WITH AMERICANA.
*Rupert.
8 BULLETIN 112, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGEICULTURE.
DERIVATIVE HYBKIDS.
*Alhambra; *Chicrigland; *Cikana; *Duarte; *Glow; *Kahinta; Maryland (?);
*Okiya; *Opata; *Owanka; *Sirocco; Victor Sand Cherry.
UNCLASSIFIED HTBEIDS.
Black Beauty; Combination; Compass; First; *Florida Queen; ^Georgia; Heideman
No. 88; *Hovre; Japex; *July Fourth; Louisiana; *Martha; *McRea; *Miller; North
Carolina; Puzzle; *Ultra.
UNCLASSIFIED VARIETIES.
*Alberta; *Allie; *Arctic; *Assiniboia; *Assiniboin; *Bastle; *Bedford; *Bell;
♦Carpenter; *Centennial; *Charmer; *Chinook; *Clark's Everbearing; ^demon's
Seedling; *Coleman Late; *Columbia Wonder; *Cuba; ^Daniel Weeping; *Dawson;
*Eva; *Fin de Siecle; *First Sweet; *Fuller; *Gorman; Hope; *Houston County;
*Ingels; *Iola; *Ithaca; *Kenyon; *Laura; Madam Leeds; *Meneray's No. 2; *Moun-
tain Plum; *Musquaka; *Norman; *Ohio Chief; *Parrott; ^Parson; ^Pasqua; *Patten
A; *Perryville; *Prairie Rose; *Queen of Arkansas; *Red Glass Junior; *Regina;
*Rocky Mountain Seedling; *Round; *Saffold; *Sandoz; *Saskatchewan; *Shaker;
*Simpson; *Souris; *South Cumberland; *Southern Golden; *Victor; *Victoria;
*Wabash; *Wady; *Watts; *Waver Bright; *Wilmeth Late; *Wortham; *Wragg Free-
Btone; * Wyandotte; * Yukon.
ORIGIN AND SPECIES OF NATIVE VARIETIES OF PLUMS AND OF
HYBRIDS.
EXPLANATION.
The accompanying list of native varieties of plums and of hybrids
is designed to give information concerning the origin of a given variety
and the species to which it belongs. Of those varieties marked by an
asterisk (*) no material has been seen by the writer, and such varie-
ties have been referred to the species on the basis of other consid-
erations than a study of the material. It is believed, however, that
the disposition is reasonably correct and wherever there has been
doubt as to the correct disposition of a variety it is so indicated or
the name of the species is omitted entirely.
Information concerning the origin of the varieties is based on the
statements given where the names were first published or on later
statements of the originator or introducer, and the citations are to be
found in Mr. U. P. Hedrick's recent work entitled "The Plums of
New York." For* those varieties not included in that volume, or
where additional information has been found, a footnote refers to the
publication in which it appeared. In a few instances the information
has been secured by correspondence with the person from whom the
material was obtained.
It has not been possible in all cases to secure material for study
from the originator, and in order that the reader may form his own
opinion regardmg the authenticity of such material it is thought best
to give its source. This is referred to by the numeral immediately
following the name of the variety.
VARIETIES OF PLUMS FROM NATIVE AMERICAN SPECIES.
9
SOURCE OF THE MATERIAL STUDIED.
A list of the persons, institutions and localities furnishing the
material studied in the preparation of the list of native varieties and
hybrids follows.
1. S. G. Ayer, Fayetteville, N. C.
2. Baker Bros., Fort Worth, Tex.
3. Mr. Bales, Jackson, S. C.
4. E. Bartholomew, Stockton, Kans.
5. M. L. Black, Onawa, Iowa.
6. J. S. Breece, Fayetteville, N. C.
7. Brogden & Gorse, Springdale, Ark.
8. Benjamin Buckman, Farmingdale,
111.
Carstesen Orchard, near Ottawa, Can-
ada.
E. S. Goff, Madison, Wis.
R. A. Hunt, Euclid, Ohio.
Mr. Hunt, Nursery, Tex.
S. M. Irwin, Geneva, Kans.
J. W. Kerr, Denton, Md.
F. K. McGinnis, Terrell, Tex.
Gilbert Onderdonk, Nursery, Tex.
Martin Penning, Sleepy Eye, Mnn.
Pennock Nursery & Seed Co., Fort
Collins, Colo.
A. M. Ragland, Pilot Point, Tex.
20. F. T. Ramsey, Austin, Tex.
21. D.N. Shoemaker, Takoma Park,D.C.
G. H. Spear, Greeley, Colo.
C. Steinman, Mapleton, Iowa.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
22
23
24. F. A. Waugh, Amherst, Mass.
25. G. H. Wilson, Hustisford, Wis.
26. M. J. Wragg, Waukee, Iowa.
27. Arlington Farm, Virginia.
28. Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa,
Ontario.
29. Georgia Agricultural Experiment Sta-
tion, Experiment, Ga.
30. Iowa Agricultural Experiment Sta-
tion, Ames, Iowa.
31. Michigan Agricultural Experiment
Substation, South Haven, Mich.
32. Minnesota Agricultural Experiment
Station, St. Paul, Minn.
33. Missouri Agricultural Experiment
Station, Columbia, Mo.
34. New York Agricultural Experiment
Station, Geneva, N. Y.
35. Oregon Nursery Co., Hillsboro, Oreg.
36. South Dakota Agricultural Experi-
ment Station, Brookings, S. Dak.
37. Washington Agricultural Experi-
ment Station, Pullman, Wash.
38. Boerne, Tex.
39. Colfax, Ind.
ABBREVIATIONS USED IN DESIGNATING THE SPECIES.
The following abbreviations are used in designating the species of
plums in the list of native varieties and hybrids:
am amencana.
am 1 americana lanata.
an angustifolia.
an V angustifolia varians.
an w angustifolia watsoni.
ar armeniaca.
b besseyi.
c cerasifera.
c a cerasifera atropurpurea.
d domestica.
h hortulana.
h mi hortulana mineri.
72210°— BuU. 172— lo 2
ma maritima.
me mexicana.
mu munsoniana.
n nigra.
p pumila.
r reverchonii.
8 simonii.
su subcordata.
tr triflora.
A. persica. .Amygdalus persica.
A. texana. .Amygdalus texana.
10 BULLETIN 112, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGEICULTURE.
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF NATIVE VARIETIES AND HYBRIDS.
The following list of native varieties and hybrids shows the origin
of each variety and the species to which it belongs, as already
explained :
*Adele, (tr X an) X tr. Offered in 1911 by M. A. Yates, Brenham, Tex., who states
that it is Nona crossed with Abundance.
Admiral Deivey. See Dewey.
*Adiniral Schley, am. Originated under cultivation with H. A. Terry, Crescent,
Iowa, in 1897, and said by Craig and Vernon to be aviericana.
Advance, 14, am. Originated by Theodore Williams, Benson, Nebr.
Advance, 20, tr X mu. A variety from F. T. Ramsey.'
African, 14, an v. Originally from Dewitt County, Tex., and introduced in 1870
by G. Onderdonk, Niu-sery, Tex.
Aitken. See Aitkin.
Aitkin, 28, 32, 36, n. Found wild in Aitkin County, IVIinn., by D. C. Hazleton, and
introduced in 1896 by the Jewell Nursery Co., Lake City, Minn.
Alabama, 34, tr X mu. A Japan hybrid originated by J. L. Normand, Marksville,
La.
*Alberta.^ A seedling raised at the Indian Head Experimental Farm, Saskatchewan.
Alexander, 30, am. Originated with J. W. Alexander, Saline Coxmty, Nebr.
Offered by the Brock Nurseries, Brock, Nebr., in 1902 or 1903.
Alexander Late. See Alexander.
*Amambra, [[(tr X c) X d] X (s X tr)] X (am X n) (?). Originated by Luther
Burbank, Santa Rosa, Cal., and the pedigree is given by De Vries ^ as Kelsey
crossed \vith Pissardi, this hybrid being crossed with French prune, the resulting
hybrid crossed with a hybrid of simonii and triflora, and this again crossed with a
hybrid of americana and nigra.
*Alice, am 1. A seedling of Van Buren, originated by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa,
and without doubt americana lanata, like the seed parent.
*Allen, am. A variety of Kansas origin and believed by F. A. Waugh to be an
americana.
Allen's Yellow. See Allen.
*AUie. A seedling raised at the Indian Head Experimental Farm, Saskatchewan.
Alpha, 14, ma. Selected from the natural habitat of the species in New Jersey by
E. W. Winsor and introduced by J. W. Kerr, Denton, Md., in 1899.
*Alpha- Americana, am. A seedling of De Soto pollinated by Weaver, originated
by N. K. Fluke, Davenport, Iowa, in 1890.
*Amelia, mu (?). A variety offered by N. W. Craft, Shore, Yadkin Co., N. C, and
said to resemble Wild Goose.
America, 34, mu X tr. Originated by Luther Burbank, Santa Rosa, Cal., who
states that it is Robinson crossed with Botan [Abundance].
American Eagle, 14, 36, am 1. Introduced in the fall of 1889 and spring of 1890
by the Osceola Nursery Co., Osceola, Mo.
1 Ramsey, F. T., catalogue, 1908.
2 The 17 seedlings raised at the Indian Head Experimental Farm, Saskatchewan, and listed in the Canada
Experimental Farms Report, 1900, p. 426, are either americana or nigra.
3 De Vries, Hugo. Plant Breeding, 1907, p. 213.
VAEIETIES OF PLUMS FROM NATIVE AMERICAN SPECIES. 11
* American Golden, h. Introduced by James B. Wild & Bros., Sarcoxie, Mo., and
said to have originated from seed planted near that place. Appears from the
description to be hortulana.
Ames, 30, 34, am X tr. A seedling of De Soto pollinated by a Japanese variety,
originated by J. L. Budd, Ames, Iowa. The foliage shows very little Japanese
character.
Anderson, 30, am. Found wild beside the Turkey River, near Sioux Rapids, Iowa,
by Mrs. Vincent Anderson.
Anderson (No. 2), 30, n. A seedling grown in Iowa.
Anderson's Early Red. See Anderson.
*Anna, am. A variety grown by Mr. Charles Gibb, of Montreal, Quebec, from wild
stock secured in Wisconsin. Its origin as well as the description indicates americana.
* Annual Bearer, am. A seedling grown by Edson Gaylord, Nora Springs, Iowa,
and said by E. S. Goff to be an americana.
*Apple, am. An Iowa seedling of Hawkeye, said by Hedrick ^ to be an americana,
Patten No. 40.
Apple, 34, mu X tr. Originated by Luther Burbank, Santa Rosa, Cal., who states
that Satsuma and probably Robinson are in its Une of ancestry.
*Apricot, am. Listed as an americana by J. W. Kerr, Denton, Md.
*Arctic.^ A native Manitoba variety grown by Thomas Frankland, Stonewall,
Manitoba.
Arkansas, 14, 20, 30, 34, 37, mu. Originated in Arkansas and introduced by J. D.
Morrow & Son.
Arkansas Lombard. See Arkansas.
*Assiniboia. A native seedling grown at the Indian Head Experimental Farm,
Saskatchewan.
*Assiniboin. Mentioned by N . E. Hansen ^ as a pure native grown from pits secured
in Manitoba. Perhaps the same as the preceding.
Atkins, 30, am. Foimd on the farm of James Beatty, near Atkins, Benton Co.,
Iowa, and introduced about 1894 under the name Beatty.
August, 14, n. Introduced by J. W. Kerr, Denton, Md.
Augmt Red. See August.
Aurora, 14, h. Grown by Theodore Williams, Benson, Nebr., and introduced in
1898 under the name Moreman's Cherry by J. W. Kerr, Denton, Md., who later
changed the name to Aurora.
Bailey, 39, am.
Baker. See Stoddard.
Baldwin, 36, am. Originated on the Baldwin farm, near Council Bluffs, Iowa.
Bales, 3, h.
*"BAQ," tr X am (?). A variety offered by S. W. Snyder, Center Point, Iowa, and
said to be a combination of Burbank, Brittlewood, and Quackenboss. It is prob-
ably merely trijlora X americana.
*Baraboo, am. Found growing wild near Baraboo, Wis., about 1860 and introduced
in 1897 by William Toole, of Baraboo. It is said by E. S. Goff to be an americana,
and its origin indicates that species.
1 Hedrick, U. P. The Plums of New York, 1911, p. 396.
2 Hansen, N. E. Some New Fruits, circular of the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station,
spring of 1908.
12 BULLETIN 172^ U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE,
Bamsback, am. Originated at Vennilion, S. Dak., and said by E. S. Goff to be an
americana.
Barnsbeck. See Barnsback.
Bartlett. See Oren.
Bassett, 14, 36, ma. Found wild near Hammonton, N. J., and introduced about
1872 by William F. Bassett, of that place.
*Bastle. An unclassified variety tested at the Texas station, but probably a native.
*Bean, am. Found wild by H. Knudson, Springfield, Minn., and sent to J. S.
Harris, La Crescent, Minn., in 1889.
Beatty. See Atkins.
Beaty, 14, an v X mu. Originated under cultivation at Luling, Caldwell Co., Tex.,
by Lee Beaty and introduced by him in 1877.
Beaty Choice. See Beaty.
Beaty's Choice. See Beaty.
Beauty. See Beaty.
♦Bedford. A seedling raised at the Indian Head Experimental Farm, Saskatchewan.
*Bell. A variety grown in the Smyth orchard at Plainview, Tex.
Belle. See Texas Belle.
Bell's October. See Bell.
Bender, 14, am. Reported ' to have been grown near Chaska, Minn., by Paul Wolf.
Benson, 14, h. Originated by Theodore Williams, Benson, Nebr.
Benson Market, 14, am. An unclassified variety grown by J. W. Kerr, Denton, Md.
*Berry Hill, am. Originated^ with H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa, and introduced
by F. W. Meneray, Council Bluffs, Iowa.
Bertha, 12, an v X tr. A variety grown in Mr. Hunt's yard at Nursery, Tex., and
said to be a Chickasaw crossed with Kelsey.
Best of All. See Bestovall.
Bestovall, 14, h mi. Originated by T. V. Munson, Denison, Tex., and said to be
a seedling of Miner pollinated with Abundance. The foliage and flowers, however,
show no triflora characters.
Beta, 14, ma. A selection from the wild made by E. W. Winsor in New Jersey.
*Beta (No. 4), am. Originated by N. K. Fluke, Davenport, Iowa, apparently from
seed of De Soto. Originally Betta,^ but evidently an error for Beta.
*Biconical, tr X an v (?). Originated with A. L. Bruce in Texas and said to be
Abimdance crossed with a Chickasaw.
Bilona, 20, tr X me. Originated with H. A. Biles, Roanoke, Tex., and believed to
be a seedling of Chabot crossed with the native "big tree plum."
Bingaman. See Oren.
*Birchland, am. A variety of Minnesota origin and said by Hedrick^ to be an
americana.
Bixby, 14, 30, 32, am. Found wild on the homestead of N. W. Bixby, Edgewood,
Clayton Co., Iowa, in 1847, and introduced in 1880 by C. H. True, of the same
place.
1 Hedrick, U. P. The Plums of New York, 1911, p. 401.
2 Hedrick, U. P. Op. cit., p. 402.
3 Transactions of the Iowa Horticultural Society, 1900, p. 86.
« Hedrick, U. P. Op. cit., p. 403.
VARIETIES OF PLUMS FROM NATIVE AMERICAN SPECIES. 13
*Black African, an v. A variety described as a Chickasaw and offered by F. W.
Ramsey in 1898.
Black Beauty, 20, mu X-
Blackhawk, 14, 32, am. Foimd wild in Blackhawk County, Iowa.
Blackmail, 33, mu X A. persica. A seedling of Wild Goose, grown by Dr. Blackman,
Nashville, Tenn., from seed obtained by Mrs. Charity Clark in Rutherford County,
Tenn.
Blackman. See Charity Clark.
Black Utah Hybrid. See Utah.
Blanche. See Nellie Blanche.
^Bluemont, an w. Originated at Manhattan, Kans., and said by F. A. Waugh to
be the sand plum.
Bomberger, 30, am. A seedling of Harrison, grown by H. A. Terry, of Crescent,
Iowa.
*Bonner, mu X tr. Originated in Lamar County, Tex., and said by B. L. Adams,'
of the Bonham Nurseries, Bonham, Tex., to be a cross between Wild Goose and
Abundance.
Bossland, 30, am. Originated by Theodore Williams, Benson, Nebr., in 1895 and
said by the originator to be a combination of Miner, Quackenboss, and Wayland.
The material seen is pure amencana.
Bouncer, 30, am. A seedling of purple Yosemite, originated at the Central Experi-
mental Farm, Ottawa, Canada.
Brackett, 14, 30, am. A seedling of Harrison, grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa.
*Brainerd, am. Found wild on the grounds of Mr. Brain erd in Ramsey County,
Minn., by P. A. Jewell. Said by L. H. Bailey to be an ainericana.
Brainerd's Best. See Brainerd.
*Brandon Ruby, n. Said by W. T. Macoim to be a nigra variety.
*Breck, tr X an v. Originated in the orchard of Joseph Breck, in Texas, and said by
Mr. Ramsey to be a hybrid of a Japanese with a Chickasaw.
Brittlewood, 14, 32, am 1. Grown by Theodore Williams, Benson, Nebr., and said
to be seed of Harrison polUnated by Quaker.
Brittleivood {No. 1). See Brittlewood.
Brittlewood (No. 2). See United States.
Brittle-wood (No. 3), 14, am 1. Grown by Theodore Williams, Benson, Nebr.
Brogden's Prolific, 7, h.
Brooklyn, 14, am. A seedling of Harrison, grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa.
Bruning, 30, am. A seedling grown in Iowa.
Bruning (No. 2), 30, am. A seedling grown in Iowa.
Brunswick, 24, mu. Originated in Missouri and introduced by the Lovett Nursery
Co.
Bryan, 14, 30, am. Originated with H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa.
*Budd, am. Originated by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa, and said by F. A. Waugh
to be an americana.
Buffalo BiU, 20, me. A selection made from the wild in Texas.
1 Bonham Nurseries, catalogue, 1904-5, p. 10.
14 BULLETIN 172, U. S. DEPAETMENT OF AGEICULTURE.
Bulali, 30, h mi. Originated under cultivation with J. F. Wagner, Bennett, Cedar
Co., Iowa, in 1894 from seed of Miner pollinated by a wild plum. The material
appears to be piire mineri.
Bulah (No. 4). See Bulah.
Burbank X Redick, tr X am. Originated by Theodore Williams, Benson, Nebr.
BurbanFs Combination. See Combination.
*Burdick, am. Offered by Youngers & Co., Geneva, Nebr., and apparently an
OTnericana.
*Burford, tr X mu. A seedUng of Burbank crossed with Clifford, grown by T. V.
Munson, Denison, Tex.
Bursoto, 14, am X tr. Originated by Theodore WilUams, Benson, Nebr. Supposed
to be a hybrid of Burbank with De Soto, but it shows very little of the trijlora
character.
Burwood. See Emeeald,
*Butler, mu. A variety offered by W. H. Halloway, Butler, Bates Co., Mo., and
said to be a seedUng of Wild Goose.
Caddo Chief, 14, an. Found wild in Caddo Parish, La., and introduced by G. W.
Stoner, Shreveport, La.
California, 14, am.
California Seedling. See California.
*Cainpbell, am (?). Scions taken from an old tree growing on a clump of rocks in
the vicinity of Abingdon, Va., and named for the family near whose place it was
foimd. Said by Thomas Mehan to resemble the common American red plum.
*Canadian Apricot, n. Said to be the common wild plum of Canada.'
*Canary, am. A variety received by J. S. Harris in 1889 from H. Knudson, Spring-
field, Minn .2
Canawa. See Kanawha.
Caneford, 37, am. A specimen under this name was received from the Washington
Agricultural Experiment Station.
Captain. See Cumberland.
Captain Bacon, 27, am. A seedling of Weaver, grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent,
lowa.^
*Captain Watrous, am. A seedling of Harrison, grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent,
Iowa.
*Caro, am 1. A seedling of Wolf, originated at the Central Experimental Farm,
Ottawa, Canada.
*Caroline, am. Originated with C. W. H. Heideman, New Ulm, Minn. Apparently
an americana.
*Carpenter. A seedling variety from Vermilion, S. Dak.
Carstesen, 9, n. A nigra seedling originated by H. P. Carstesen, Billings Bridge,
near Ottawa, Ontario.
Carver, 14, h. Introduced by Charles Luedloff, Cologne, Minn.
*Centennial. From seed of plums brought by a Mr. Drake from his farm in Le
Sueur, Minn., to Iowa, in the fall of 1876, and grown by George W. Oberholtzer,
Sioux City, Iowa.
1 Hedrick, U. P. The Plums of New York, 1911, p. 414.
2 Harris, J. S. Minnesota Horticultural Society Report, 1890, p. 128.
« Hedrick, U, P. Op. cit., p. 415.
VARIETIES OF PLUMS FROM NATIVE AMERICAN SPECIES. 15
*Chainpa, b. A seedling of Sioux (Prunus besseyi), grown by N. E. Hansen, Brook-
ings, S. Dak.^
Champion, 14, 30, 37, am. A seedling of Hawkeye, grown by H. A. Terry, Cres-
cent, Iowa.
Charity Clark, mu. The original Blackman, renamed to avoid confusion with the
plum-peach hybrid of that name. A seedling of Wild Goose, originated about 1862
with Dr. Blackman, of Nashville, Tenn., from seeds obtained by Mrs. Charity
Clark from an orchard in Rutherford County, Tenn.
Charles Downing. See Downing.
*Charnier. A seedling grown at the Indian Head Experimental Farm, Saskatch-
ewan.
Cheney, 14, 30, 32, 34, 36, 37, n. Found by E. Markle, of La Crosse, in Vernon
Coimty, Wis., and introduced about 1887.
*Cheresoto, b X am. Prunus besseyi crossed with De Soto, according to N. E. Han-
sen, the originator.
Cherokee, 14, am. Said to have been found wild in Kansas.
*Cherry, n. Found wild in Morman ravine, near Chaseburg, Vernon Co., Wis., by
E. Markle, about 1870.
Chickasaiv Chief. See Miner.
*Chicrigland, r X an X A. texana (P. glandulosa). Originated by T. V. Munson,
Denison, Tex., from seed of a plum gtovm by F. T. Ramsey, Lampasas County, Tex.
Said to be a combination of Chickasaw, rivularis, and glandulosa, but there is little
doubt that the so-called rivularis was reverchonii.
*Chinook. A seedling grown at the Indian Head Experimental Farm, Saskatchewan.
^Chippewa, am. A variety from Chippewa Falls, Wis., and said by L. H. Bailey to
be americana.
Chippeway. See Chippewa.
Choptank, 14, mu X h. A seedling of Wild Goose, originated by J. W. Kerr, Denton,
Md., but the material indicates admixture with hortulana.
*Christie, am. A variety taken from a thicket of wild plums near VilUsca, Iowa, by
W. Christie, and said by Craig and Vernon to be americana.
*Cikana, b X (mu X tr). A hybrid of prunus besseyi pollinated with Gold (Golden),
according to the originator, N. E. Hansen.
*Cistena, b X c a. Sand cherry crossed with purple-leaved Persian plum, according
to the originator, N. E. Hansen.
City, 30, am. Originated imder cultivation with H. Knudson, Springfield, Minn.,
from seed of a wild plum found near that place. Introduced in 1889 or 1890.
*Clara, mu. A seedling of Wild Goose, grown by G. Onderdonk, Nursery, Tex.
*Clarendon, an w. A variety obtained from northern Texas by F. T. Ramsey and
said by F. A. Waugh to be the sand plum.
Clark, 14, an. Said to have been found wild in Anne Arundel Coimty, Md.
*Clark's Everbearing. A variety grown by F. K. McGinnis, Terrell, Tex.
*Clemon's Seedling. A native variety found growing wild on Mr. Clemen's farm,
Davenport, lowa.^
Cleveland, 14, mu. A seedUng of Wild Goose, grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent,
Iowa.
1 Hansen, N. E. Some New Fruits, circular of the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station,
spring of 1912.
2 Fluke, N. K. Transactions of the Iowa Horticultural Society, 1882, p. 233.
16 BULLETIN 172, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGEICULTUEE.
Cliflford, 14, 20, mu. Originated by Mrs. E. C. Clifford, Denison, Tex., and said to
be a seedling of Wild Goose.
Clingstone Wolf. See Wolf Clingstone .
Clinton, 14, 29, 37, h mi.
Cluck, 14, an v. Originated with George Cluck, near Austin, Tex., and introduced
in 1896 by F. T. Ramsey, of Austin.
Coinage, 30, am. Originated with H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa, and said to be a
seedHng of Gold Coin.^
*Colenian Late. A variety offered by A. K. CHngman, Homer, La., in 1889.
Coletta, 14, an v. Originated in southern Texas by G. Onderdonk, who introduced
it in 1874.
Collman, 30, am. Originated with H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa, and said to be a
seedling of Harrison.
Colman. See Collman.
Colonel Bryan. See Bryan.
Colonel Wilder. See Wilder.
Colorado. See Colorado Queen.
Colorado Queen, 14, am. Introduced by J. W. Kerr, Denton, Md.
Columbia. See Cumberland.
*Colunibia Wonder. Offered in 1894 by the Cumberland Nurseries, Tennessee.
Combination, 20, tr X- Originated by Luther Burbank, Santa Rosa, Cal., and evi-
dently a hybrid of triflora with some native.
Combination (Williams), 14, 30, am X tr. Originated with Theodore Williams,
Benson, Nebr.
Comfort, 14, 32, am. Introduced by J. Wragg & Sons, Waukee, Iowa, about 1879.
Compass, 32, h mi X p or b. Originated by H. Knudson, who states that it is the
sand cherry pollinated with Miner.
Compass Cherry. See Compass.
Comptine, 14, 37, am. A variety originated at Knoxville, Iowa.
Consul, am 1. A seedling of Wolf, originated at the Central Experimental Farm,
Ottawa, Canada.
Cook. See Cook Choice.
Cook Choice, 14, h X am. Ab accidental seedling, originated with H. A. Terry,
Crescent, Iowa.
Cook's Choice. See Cook Choice.
Cook's Favorite. See Cook Choice.
Cooper, 14, am X mu. Grown by Theodore Williams, Benson, Nebr., from seed of
Forest Garden pollinated by Pottawattamie.
Cotterell. See Cottrell.
CottreU, 14, 30, 37, am. A seedling raised by R. T. Cottrell, of Dover, Olmsted Co.,
Minn., and introduced in 1888 by 0. M. Lord, of Minnesota City.
*Coiiler, am. A variety from William Couler, Chickasaw County, Iowa, and appar-
ently an aTTiericana.
*Crable, am. An Iowa variety, thought by F. A. Waugh to be an americana.
Craig, 30, am. A seedling of Harrison, grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa.
1 Hedrick, U. P. The Plums of New York, 1911, p. 421.
VARIETIES OF PLUMS FROM NATIVE AMERICAN SPECIES. 17
Crescent, 30, 37, h mi X am (?). Originated with H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa, and
said to be a seedling of Miner. The foliage indicates admixture with americana.
Crescent City. See Crescent.
Crimson, 14, 30, n. Introduced by H. Bjiudson, Springfield, Minn.
Crimson Beauty, 14, h.
■*Cuba. A variety offered by the Mount Hope Nursery, Washington, La., and classed
with the natives, although said to have come from Cuba.
*Culberson, h. A variety from A. L. Bruce, Basin Springs, Tex., and said to be a
cross of Miner and Crimson Beauty.
Cumberland, 14, h. Originated near Augusta, Ga., from seeds collected on the
Ciunberland Mountains in 1864.
*Curry, mu. A variety grown by S. L. Curry, Weldon, Iowa, which apparently
belongs to the Wild Goose group.
*Cyclone, am. A seedUng of Harrison, grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa.
Dahlgreen, 14, am. Introduced by Charles Luedloff, Cologne, Minn.
*Daisy, an X tr. Originated by J. S. Breece, Fayetteville, N. C, and said by F. A.
Waugh to be a hybrid of angustifolia with trifiora.
*Dakota, am. Said to be an americana by J. W. Kerr, Denton, Md.
*Daniel Weeping. Originated with Dr. Daniel in Louisiana, and according to F. A.
Waugh has the aspect of a hybrid.
Davenport, 30, am. A seedling of De Soto, grown by N. K. Fluke, Davenport, Iowa.
Davis, 14, mu. A seedling of Wild Goose, grown in 1885 by H. A. Terry, Crescent,
Iowa.
*Daw8on. A variety grown at one time on the banks of the Ohio and probably
a native.
*Dawson City. A seedUng raised at the Indian Head Experimental Farm,
Saskatchewan.
Dayton, 19, h X tr. A variety offered by A. M. Ragland, Pilot Point, Tex.
*Decker, h mi. A seedling raised about 1885 by H. C. Decker, Dresbach, Minn., and
said by E. S. Goff to belong to the Miner group.
Decker^ s Late Seedling. See Decker.
Deep Creek, 14, 28, am. A Kansas wild variety, introduced by Abner Allen.
Dennis, 14, 30, am. A seedling of Hawkeye, originated by H. A. Terry, Crescent,
Iowa.
*Dennis' Seedling (No. 13), h mi. A variety grown at the Iowa Agricultural
Experiment Station, and said to belong to the Miner group.'
*Denton, an v. A variety introduced by J. W. Kerr, Denton, Md.'
Des Moines, 14, am. A variety of Iowa origin.
De Soto, 14, 30, 32, 33, 34, 37, am. First discovered in a ravine near the site of
the present village of De Soto, Wis., and disseminated about 1864 by Elisha Hale,
Lansing, Iowa.
De Soto X Oregon No. 3. See Ames.
*Dewey, am. A seedling of De Soto, grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa.
*Diamond, am. Originated from wild seeds collected about 1880 by John A. Hogg,
Buffalo County, Nebr.
Diana, 36, am. A seedling of Hawkeye, grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa.
' Hedrick, U. P. The Plums of New York, 1911, p. 431.
72210°— Bull. 172—15 3
18 BULLETIN 172, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGEICULTUEE.
Doctor Dennis. See Dennis.
*Don, am 1. A seedling of Wolf, originated at the Central Experimental Farm,
Ottawa, Canada.
*Dora, tr X mu. Originated with A. L. Bruce, in Texas, and said to be a cross between
Abundance and Wild Goose.
*Doris, c X an V (?). Originated by Luther Burbank, Santa Rosa, Cal., who believed
it a hybrid between a Myrobalan and a Japanese variety, but said by F. A. Waugh
to be apparently a hybrid between a Myrobalan and a Chickasaw.
Dorothy, 5, am. '
Dorsett, 27, mu. A chance seedling, originated with H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa,
and introduced by F. W. Meneray, Council Bluffs, Iowa.
Douglas, 27, am. A seedUng of Harrison, grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa, and
introduced by F. W. Meneray, Council Bluffs, Iowa.
Downing, 14, 30, 33, 34, mu. A seedling of Wild Goose, originated in 1882 by H. A.
Terry, Crescent, Iowa.
Drouth King, 14, mu.
*Duarte, (mu X tr) X (tr X s). A variety offered in 1911 by the Comal Springs
Nursery, New Braunfels, Tex., and said to be from seed of America pollinated by
Climax.
*Duke, mu X am (?). Originated by Theodore Williams, Benson, Nebr., who
supposed it to be Wild Goose crossed with Duke Cherry, but said by F. A. Waugh
to be a hybrid of munsoniana with americana.
Diinlap, 14, 20, 30, 37, h. A Nebraska seedling, introduced by J. P. Dunlap, of the
same State.
Dunlap (No. 1), 14, am. A variety originated by J. P. Dunlap, of Nebraska.
Dunlap (No. 2). See Dunlap.
*Dvinlop Nut, am.^ A variety grown at the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa,
Canada, and said to be an americana.
Dwarf Rocky Mountain Cherry. See Rocky Moitntain Cherry.
Eagle, 2, 14, 20, 34, an v X mu. A variety of Texas origin.
*Early Honey, an v. Originated in Grayson County, Tex., and said by L. H. Bailey
to be e\'idently a Chickasaw.
*Early Minnesota, am. Found wild by Joseph Wood, Windom, Minn., and said
by N. E. Hansen to be an americana.
Early Red, 14, an. Originated at the Mission Valley Nursery, Victoria County,
Tex., by G. Onderdonk, and disseminated in 1879.
Early Six Weeks. See Six Weeks.
*Early Sweet, an v. A variety offered by F. T. Ramsey in 1907 and classified as
a Chickasaw.
Early Vermont, 30, am. Originated with J. Erwin Lord, Pompanoosuc, Vt.
Eaton, 22, 37, am. A variety grown by George H. Spear, Greeley, Colo., and also
by the Washington Agricultural Experiment Station.
*Echo, an v (?). A variety offered by the Mount Hope Nursery, Washington, I^a.,
and said to ripen with Caddo Chief.
Eddie, 14, am. Originated with Theodore Williams, Benson, Nebr.
*Edith, am. A seedling of Iowa Beauty, grown by E. L. Hayden, Oakville, Iowa,
and said by Craig and Vernon to be an americana.
2 Hedrick, U. P. The Plums of New York, 1911, p. 437.
VARIETIES OF PLUMS FROM NATIVE AMERICAN SPECIES. 19
Edith (Terry). See Julia.
*Eggles, tr X h- Originated with A. L. Bruce, in Texas, and said to be a hybrid of
Abundance with Crimson Beauty.
Eldora, 14, h. A variety received previous to 1894 by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa,
from Judge Samuel Miller, of Missouri.
Eldorado, 30, am. Originated with H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa, and introduced
in 1899.
*Eldridge,^ am. A variety of Wisconsin origin, said by Hedrick to be an americana.
*Ellis, mu X h. A variety introduced by T. L. Ellis in northern Texas; believed to
be a cross between the Wild Goose and Golden Beauty.
El Paso. See Beaty.
Emerald, 30, tr X am. Originated by Theodore Williams, Benson, Nebr., by crossing
Burbank with Brittlewood.
*Em.erson.,^ am. Originated near Dubuque, Iowa, and said by Hedrick to be an
americana.
Emerson (Bruce), 14, an v. A variety found wild in northern Texas and introduced
by A. L. Bruce.
Emerson's Early. See Emerson (Bruce).
Emerson YeUow, 14, an v X mu. A seedling of Emerson (Bruce), originated in
Texas.
Emma, 30, am. A variety grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa.
*Enopa, b X tr. Sand cherry crossed with Sultan plum, according to the originator,
N. E. Hansen, Brookings, S. Dak.
Erby September. See Irby.
*Estella, mu (?). A native seedling offered by the Simny Slope Nursery, Hannibal,
Mo., which, from the description, appears to belong to the Wild Goose group.
Esther, 14, h mi. A seedling of Miner, grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa.
*Etopa, b X tr. A hybrid of the sand cherry and Sultan plima, according to the origi-
nator, N. E. Hansen, Brookings, S. Dak.
Etta, 10, 14, am. A variety grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa.
*Eiireka, n. Said to be a seedling of Cheney, grown by Theodore Williams, Benson,
Nebr., in 1896.
*Eureka, mu. A name given one of the Wild Goose seedlings disseminated soon
after the introduction of that variety, according to D. L. Adair.
*Eva. A native Manitoba plum, grown by Thomas Frankland, Stonewall. Manitoba.
*Everbearing, an v (?). A variety offered by the Paris Nursery, Paris, Tex.,
and the Comal Springs Nursery, New Braunfels, Tex., and classed with the
Chickasaws.
Excelsior, 14, 16, 20, tr X an v or mu. Originated in 1887 by G. L. Taber, Glen
Saint Mary, Fla., from seed of Kelsey supposed to have been pollinated by Wild
Goose.
*Eyami, b X tr. The sand cherry crossed with the Sultan plum, according to the
originator, N. E. Hansen, Brookings, S. Dak. Introduced in 1908.
*Ezaptan, b X tr. The sand cherry crossed with the Sultan plum, according to the
originator, N. E. Hansen, Brookings, S. Dak. Introduced in 1911.
Fairchild, 30, am. Grown in 1894 by J. H. Fairchild in Linn County, Iowa, from
seed of De Soto supposed to have been pollinated by a Nebraska wild plum.
1 Hedrick, U. P. The Plums of New York, 1911, p. 442.
20 BULLETIN 172, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGEICULTURE.
Fancy, 30, mu. Originated with John Brown, Oakville, Louisa County, Iowa, in
1885, being a sprout from the stock of a Wild Goose tree.
^Fanning, mu. A chance seedling found in the yard of Mr. Fanning, Rockdale,
Tex., and introduced by J. N. Shell, of Georgetown, Tex. Said by F. T. Ramsey
to belong to the Wild Goose group.
Fawn, 14, an v. A variety first grown by David Miller, Camp Hill, Cumberland
Co., Pa.
*Fin de Siecle. A seedling raised at the Indian Head Experimental Farm, Sas-
katchewan.
First, 14, tr X . Originated with Luther Burbank, who says it is a second-generation
combiaation cross of Hawkeye, Hammer, Milton, Wyant, Wayland, and Burbank.
*First Sweet. A seedUng raised at the Indian Head Experimental Farm, Saskatch-
ewan.
Fitzroy, 30, am. A seedling of RoUingstone, grown at the Central Experimental
Farm, Ottawa, Canada.
*Flora Plena,' am. Foimd by J. W. Kerr in the yard of a friend in York County,
Pa., having been brought there from Iowa.
^Florida Queen, tr X. Originated by Henry Reed, in Baker Coimty, Fla., and
supposed to be a seedling of Kelsey crossed with a native Florida species.^
Forest Garden, 14, 36, am. Originated on Cedar River, near Cedar Rapids, Iowa,
and introduced about 1862 by H. C. Raymond, Coimcil Bluffs, Iowa.
Forest Rose, 14, 29, 34, 37, h mi. Believed by J. L. Budd to have originated in
Missouri with Scott & Co.
*Forest Rose Improved, h mi.
Forewattamie, 14, 30, am X mu. Originated with Theodore Williams, Benson,
Nebr. and said to be a hybrid of Forest Garden with Pottawattamie.
Fourth of July. See Marble.
*Franklin, tr X an v. Originated with A. L. Bruce, in Texas, who described it as a
hybrid of Abundance with an unknown variety. Believed by Waugh to be a hybrid
of Abundance with a Chickasaw.
Freeman, 14, mu. Grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa, in 1885, from seed of
Wild Goose.
Freeman's Favorite. See Freeman.
Free Silver. See Terry.
*Freestone, am. A seedling of Harrison, grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa.
*Freestone Goose, mu. Originated by Theodore WilUams, Benson, Nebr., and
introduced in 1910 by Stark Bros., Louisiana, Mo., who describe it as an improved
Wild Goose.
*FuIler. A variety groAwn by B. A. Mathews, Knoxville, Iowa, and listed by E. S.
Goff as a native.
Fuller's Egg. See Fuller.
Funk, 20, tr X an v. An accidental seedling raised by J. M. Funk, Grayson Coimty,
Tex., and said to be a seedling of Abundance crossed with a Chickasaw.
Funk's Early. See Funk.
1 Hedrick, U. P. The Plums of New York, 1911, p. 446.
2 Turkey Creek Nurseries, catalogue, 1907-8, p. 11.
VARIETIES OF PLUMS FROM NATIVE AMERICAN SPECIES. 21
Gale, h mi (?). A variety sent to the Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station
in 1891 by J. Gale & Son, Waukesha, Wis. It is said by E. S. Goff to be an ameri-
cana, but since he describes the leaves as being glandular and obtusely serrate, it can
not be that species. Specimens from J. W. Kerr under the name Gales appear to
be hortulana miner i, although it may be a hybrid with americana, the influence of
the latter species appearing mainly in the fruit.
Galena, 14, am. Introduced by Charles Luedloff, Cologne, Minn.
Gales. See Gale.
Gale Seedling. See Gale.
Gale's No. 3. See Gale.
*Gamma No. 6,' am (?). Originated with N. K. Fluke, Davenport, Iowa, appar-
ently from seed of De Soto.
Garber, 30, h mi. A variety offered in 1902 by S. W. Snyder, Center Point, Iowa,
who says it is a seedling of Miner.
*Garden King, am. Found wild in 1853 and cultivated in 1861 by Judge Elias
Topliff, De Soto, Wis., from whom it was obtained by A. R. Prescott, Postville,
Allamakee Co., Iowa, and introduced in 1896.
Garfield, 14, h. Reported to have been found wild in Ohio and introduced in 1887
by Leo Welz, Wilmington, Ohio.
Gates, am. Originated at Owatonna, Minn., and described as an americana by E. S.
Goff.
*Gaviota, am X tr (?). A variety originated with Luther Burbank about 1900 and
described as being a hybrid of trifiora and americaTia, with probably half a dozen
others combined with it.
Gaylord, 14, am. Foimd wild about 1854 by David Hardman, Nora Springs, Iowa,
and introduced by Edson Gaylord, of the same place.
*Gaylord Gold, am. Foimd wild by John Henry, Nora Springs, Iowa, about 1880,
and disseminated by Edson Gaylord. Reported by Craig and Vernon to be an
americana.
Gaylord Quality. See Quality.
Gem, 27, am. A seedling of Lottie, grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa, and intro-
duced by F. W. Meneray, Council Bluffs, Iowa.
General Jackson. See Miner.
*Georgia, tr X mu or an. Originated with J. L. Normand, Marksville, La., and from
the description and figure given by L. H. Bailey it appears to be a hybrid of m-
flora with either munsoniana or angustifolia.
German Prune Seedling. See Mankato.
Gillett. See Miner.
Gloria, 36, am 1. Seedling of Wolf.
*Glow. Originated by Luther Burbank, Santa Rosa, Cal., who says it is a combina-
tion of maritima, americana, subcordata, and nigra.
*Goff, am. A seedling of Hawkeye, grown by H. A. Terry and introduced by F. W.
Meneray, Council Bluffs, Iowa.
Gold (not the Gold of Stark Bros.), 14, 31, 37, am. Introduced by H. A. Terry, Cres-
cent, Iowa, in 1898.
Gold (Stark Bros.) See Golden.
Gold Coin, am. A variety mentioned by H. A. Terry as the parent of Coinage.
1 Transactions of the Iowa Horticultural Society, 1900, p. 86.
*,
22 BULLETIN 172, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGEICULTUKE.
*Grold Colored, am. A variety from Edeon Gaylord, Nora Springs, Iowa, said by
E. S. Goff to be an americana.
Golden, 34, mu X tr. Originated with Luther Burbank, who says it is a seedling of
Robinson crossed with Sweet Botan [Abimdance]. It was renamed Gold by
Stark Bros.
Golden (americana var.). See Gold.
Golden Beatity, 14, 20, 30, 34, h. Introduced in 1874 by Gilbert Onderdonk, of
Nursery, Tex., who says it was obtained in the region of Fort Belknap, Tex., by a
German who brought it to Gonzales County at the close of the Civil War.
*Golden Drop, an v. A variety listed as a Chickasaw in 1907 by F. T. Ramsey,
Austin, Tex.
Golden Mammoth, 33, am. Secured many years ago by the Missouri Agricuitm-al
Experiment Station from Mr. N. F. Murray, of Oregon, Holt Co., Mo. Mr. Murray
brought it from his old home near Wheeling, W. Va., where it was a local variety.
Golden Queen, 14, 30, am. Originated with H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa.
Gonzales, 14, 20, an v X tr. Originated in Gonzales, Tex., about 1894.
Goosedye, 14, mu X P- cerasus. Grown by Theodore Williams, Benson, Nebr., and
said to be a hybrid of Wild Goose with Dyehouse Cherry.
Goose-O, 14, mu X tr. Originated by Theodore Williams, Benson, Nebr., and sup-
posed to be a hybrid of Wild Goose and Ogon.
*Gorman. Mentioned by S. W. Snyder, Center Point, Iowa, as belonging to either
the Chickasaw or Way land group.
Govalle, 20, an v X tr. Originated by Joseph Breck, in Texas, and introduced by
F. T. Ramsey, Austin, Tex.
*Gowa, mu X h. A supposed hybrid of Wild Goose and Way land.
Grace, am. Originated with W. R. Grace, Garden City, Kans.
Grayson, 14, 37, mu X me. Originated with A. L. Bruce, in Texas, as a seedling of
Wild Goose, apparently pollinated with the native mexicana.
Guilford, 30, am.
*Gviilford (No. 2), h mi. A seedling of Miner, grown by H. T. Thompson, Ma-
rengo, 111.
*Guinea Egg, am. Found wild about 1857 by Frederick Albright, near Bangor,
Marshall Co., Iowa, and reported as an americana by Craig and Vernon.
Haag, 14, am. Purchased from a nursery at Minneapolis and introduced by Jacob
S. Haag, Hospers, Sioux Co., Iowa.
^Halcyon, tr X an. Originated with J. S. Breece, Fayetteville, N. C, and reported
by F. A. Waugh as a hybrid of trifiora with angustifolia.
Hammer, 14, 34, 36, h mi X am. Originated about 1888 with H. A. Terry, Crescent,
Iowa, who says it is a seedUng of Miner pollinated by some americana.
*Hanska, am X s- A seedling of americana crossed with simonii, according to the
originator, N. E. Hansen, Brookings, S. Dak.
Hanson, 14, n.
*Happiness, tr X mu. A seedling found by Joseph Breck about 1899 and introduced
by F. T. Ramsey, Austin, Tex., who describes it as a hybrid of Japanese and Wild
Goose.
*Harper,^ mu (?). Said to have originated about 1870.
Harper's. See Harper.
1 Hedrick, U. P. The Plums of New York, 1911, p. 458.
VARIETIES OF PLUMS FROM NATIVE AMERICAN SPECIES. 23
*Harris,' h mi. A variety grown at one time by D. Wilmot, Scott, 111., and from
the description it probably belongs to the Miner group.
Harrison, 14, am. Reported by J. S. Harris to have originated at Minneapolis,
Minn.
*Harrison Large Red, am. A native variety, mentioned by J. S. Stickney, Wau-
watosa, Wis. It appears from the description to be an americana.
Harrison's Peach. See Harrison.
Hart, 32, am. A sprout taken from a tree bought for De Soto by H. Hart, Sioux
County, Iowa.
Hart's De Soto. See Hart.
Hartwick, 14, am.
^Harvest, am. A variety received by J. S. Harris in 1889 from H. Knudson, Spring-
field, Minn., and apparently an americana.
*Hattie, c X an v (?). From the description given of this variety it appears to be of
the same type as Marianna.
*Hattie Porter, an v (?). A variety offered in 1890 by the Milford Nurseries, Mil-
ford, Del., and described as a Chickasaw.
Hawkeye, 14, 32, 34, 36, 37, am. A seedling of Quaker, grown by H. A. Terry, Cres-
cent, Iowa, and introduced in 1883.
Heaton, 14, 37, am. A variety received about 1894 by J. W. Kerr, Denton, Md., from
H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa.
*Heep, an v (?). A variety found growing in the orchard of Mr. Heep by F. T. Ram-
sey, Austin, Tex., who introduced it in 1897 or 1898. Classed with the Chickasaws
by J. W. Kerr.
Heideman Black, 14, b.
Heideman (No. 88), 14, am X-
Heideman Bed, 14, b.
Heideman Yellow, 14, b.
*Heming, an v (?). Offered by the Clingman Nurseries, Homer, La., who say it is
of Florida origin and one of the best of the Chickasaws.
*Hendrick, an v (?). A variety classified as a Chickasaw by J. S. Newman.
Hendrick's. See Hendrick.
Hiawatha, 14, am. A variety disseminated by C. W. H. Heideman, New Ulm,
Minn.
*Hilda (No. 5), h mi. Originated under cultivation with J. F. Wagner, Bennett,
Iowa, in 1894, from seed of Miner pollinated by the wild plum. It is classified as
hortulana by Craig and Vernon.
*Hillside, am. A variety received by J. S. Harris in 1889, from H. Knudson, Spring-
field, Minn., who introduced it from the wild. It'is apparently an americana.
HiUtop, 14, 37, am.
*Hilman,^ am.
Hinckley. See Miner.
*Hinckley, am. A seedling of Harrison, grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa, and
introduced by F. W. Meneray, Council Bluffs, Iowa.
♦Hoffman, mu. A wild variety from southwestern Missouri, which appears from the
description to belong to the Wild Goose group.
Hoffman Seedling. See Roselle.
' Hedrick, U. p. The Plums of New York, 191i; p. 459. » Hedrick, U. P, Op. cit., p. 462.
24 BULLETIN 172, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.
Hogg's (No. 2). See Marianna.
Holister, 14, mu. Originated in Cedar County, Iowa, by a Mr. Holister.
Holland, 14, tr X an v. A variety grown by D. H. Watson, Brenham, Tex., and
said to be a seedling of Kelsey pollinated with Lone Star.
Holt, 14, am. Grown by J. B. Holt, Rutland, Ohio.
^Homestead, am. Originated with H. Knudson, Springfield, Minn., about 1889.
From the description it appears to be an americana.
Honey, 14, am.
Honey Drop. See Golden Beattty.
Honey Grove. See Sanders.
*Hoosier,i h. Originated in Greene County and introduced by Wild Bros., Sar-
coxie. Mo.
*Hope. A seedling grown by G. Onderdonk^ and offered in 1901.
*Hoskins,2 am. A variety originated by Mr. Hoskins, Pleasant Plain, Jefferson
Co., Iowa, and introduced by J. Wragg & Son, Waukee, Iowa. Said by J. W. Ken-
to be an americana.
^Houston County. An \mclassified variety mentioned by L. H. Bailey.
*Ho-we, tr X. A seedling of Kelsey pollinated by some native originating in Mrs.
Stimape's yard in Putnam Coimty, Fla., and introduced by Griffing Bros.
Hughes, 14, 37, mu. Originated in northeastern Mississippi.
Hughes Late. See Tecumseh.
Hunt, 30, mu X am. Grown by Henry Hunt about 1880 from seed of Wild Goose
supposed to have been pollinated by a wild plum of pure americana type, and
introduced in 1898 by M. J. Graham, Adel, Iowa.
Hunt De Soto, 14, 37, am. An Iowa variety, introduced by J. L. Budd, of the
Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station.
Hunt's De Soto. See Hunt De Soto.
*Huya, am. A variety grown by N. E. Hansen,* Brookings, S. Dak., who says ii is
an americana.
Ida, 14, am. Originated by D. B. Wier in Illinois.
Idal. See Idall.
Idall, 14, h mi X am. Said by the originator, D. B. Wier, of Illinois, to be a cross
between Wild Goose and Miner. The foliage indicates that it may be a hybrid of
Miner with an americana, the latter species being particularly evident.
Idol. See Idall.
niinois Ironclad. See Ironclad.
Illinois Plum. See Langsdon.
*Iniperial, am. A variety received at the Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station
from C. B. Gingrich, Laporte City, Iowa, in 1899. Said by J. W. Kerr to be
an americana.
Improved Dwarf Rocky Mountain Cherry. See Rocky Mountain Cherry.
Improved Rocky Mountain Cherry. See Rocky Mountain Cherry.
Indiana, 14, 29, h mi. Reported to have been found wild in Indiana and introduced
by Dr. J. Cramer.
> Hedrick, U. P. The Plums of New York, 1911, p. 463.
« Mission Valley Nurseries, catalogue, 1901-2, p. 13.
« Hedrick, U. P. Op. cit., p. 464.
< Hansen, N. E. Some New Fruits, circular of the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station,
spring of 1908.
VAEIETIES OF PLUMS FROM NATIVE AMERICAN SPECIES. 25
Indiana Red. See Indiana.
Indian Chief, 14, 20, mu. Origin uncertain.
*Ingels. A variety listed as a native by the Home Nursery, Lafayette, 111.
*Inkpa, am X s. A hybrid of the wild plum crossed with simonii, according to the
originator, N. E. Hansen, Brookings, S. Dak. Introduced in 1909.
*Iola. A variety grown by D. B. Wier in Illinois.
lona, 14, 37, h mi. Said by D. B. Wier, the originator, to be pure americana, the seed
coming from a wild bush in southwestern Wisconsin. The variety now grown under
this name is hortulana mineri.
Iowa, 14, am. A variety from Allamakee County, Iowa.
Iowa Beauty, 14, am. A wild variety taken from the woods, about 1859, by Hugo
Beyer, New London, Iowa.
Irby, 20, h. Found by Dan Irby, of Texas, growing on the grounds of an old Indian
settlement in Cherokee County, Tex.
Irby September. See Irby.
Irene, 14, 37, h mi. Originated with D. B. Wier in Illinois.
Iris, 14, 37, h mi. Originated and introduced by D. B. Wier in Illinois.
Ironclad, 14, 37, am. A mid Illinois variety, introduced by Stark Bros., Louisiana,
Mo., in 1890.
*Iroquois, h mi. From Charles Luedloff, Cologne, Minn. Referred to the Miner
group by W. T. Macoun.
Isaac, 14, am. A wild variety from near Lincoln, Nebr., brought to notice by M. S.
Hubbell.
Isabel. See Miner.
Isabella, 14, am. A variety grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa.
Itasca, 14, 32, 37, n. A variety from Minnesota, introduced by P. M. Gideon, Excel-
sior, Minn., and by W. F. Heikes, Huntsville, Ala.
Itaska. See Itasca.
*Itliaca. A variety from Peter M. Gideon, Excelsior, Minn.
Ivason, 14, am. Originated in Iowa and brought to attention by M. S. Hubbell,
Toledo, Ohio.
James Vick. See Vick.
Japanese Seedling X . See Japex.
Japan Hybrid {No. S). See Ames.
Japex, 30, tr X- Originated ^ by Luther Burbank, Santa Rosa, Cal., and sentin the
spring of 1893 to the New York Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, N. Y.
Mr. Burbank kept no record of its parentage, but it appears to be a combination of
triflora with a native species.
J. B. Rue. See Rue.
Jennie Lucas, 14, 20, 37, an v. Originated at the Mission Valley Nurseries, Victoria
County, Tex., and first disseminated in 1879 by Gilbert Onderdonk.
*Jes8ie, am. From the Martin Nursery Co., Winfield, Kans., and reported by H. E.
Van Deman to be a wild seedling of the americana type.
JeweU, 14, 37, mu. A seedling of Wild Goose, grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa.
Joe Hooker, 14, 37, am.
1 Iowa Agricultural E.xperiment Station, Press Bulletin No. 29, 1911.
26 BULLETIN 172, U. S. DEPAETMENT OF AGEICULTUKE.
Jones, 10, am. An accidental seedling originated in 1882 with Mrs. H. Jones, Potta-
wattamie County, Iowa.
Jones Late, 14, am. Introduced by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa.
Juicy, 14, 34, mu X tr. Originated with Luther Burbank, Santa Rosa, Cal., who says
it is a cross of Robinson with Botan [Abundance].
Julia, 30, am. Originated with H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa.
*July Fourth. "It is a second-generation seedling from a French-prune, Japan-
plum, American-plum cross," according to the originator, Luther Burbank, Santa
Rosa, Cal.
*Kaga, am X e. Originated with N. E. Hansen, Brookings, S. Dak., who says it is
the wild plum pollinated with Prunus simonii. Introduced in 1909.
*Kahinta, (mu X tr) X am. Reported by the originator, N. E. Hansen, as a cross of
Apple pollinated with Terry.
*Kanidesa, b X ^. persica. The originator, N. E. Hansen, says this is a seedling of
the sand cherry pollinated with the Opulent peach. Introduced in 1908.
Kampeska, 14, am.
Kanawha, 14, h. Introduced by P. J. Berckmans, Augusta, Ga., who received it
from J. S. Downer, of Kentucky, in 1871.
^Kansas Dwarf Sand Plum, an w. Offered in 1894 by P. Straubler, Naperville,
Dupage Co., 111.
Kathrin, 14, am. Mr. Kerr knows nothing of its origin.
Keith, 10, 14, 30, am. Originated in Delaware County, Iowa, previous to 1888.
*KeUey, an (?). Originated in South Carolina and introduced by R. Bates, Jackson,
S. C. It is offered as a Chickasaw by the Van Lindley Nursery Co., Pomona, N. C.
*Kelsaw, tr X an v (?). An accidental cross of Kelsey with a native Chickasaw,
originated with A. M. Augustine, West Point, Miss.
*Kenyon. Listed as a native plmn by the Michigan Agricultural Experiment
Station.
Kicab, 8, mu. Originated with Benjamin Buckman, Farmingdale, 111.
Kickapoo, 14, am.
Kieth. See Keith.
*King, mu. A name, according to D. L. Adair, apparently applied to a seedling of
Wild Goose.
King of Plums. See King.
*Kitty, am X h- Said to be a cross between Hawkeye and Cheney. Grown by Theo-
dore Williams.
Klondike, 26, am. Grown by J. Wragg & Son, Waukee, Iowa, from seed of De Soto.
Introduced in 1897 by W. F. Heikes, Huntsville, Ala. **
Klondyke. See Klondike.
Kniedsen's Peach. See Knudson.
Knudson, 14, 30, am. Grown by H. Knudson, Springfield, Minn.
Knudson's Peach. See Knudson.
Kober, 30, am. Originated with N. K. Fluke, Davenport, Iowa.
Kopp, 14, am. Grown by 0. M. Lord, Minnesota City, Minn.
Kroh. See Poole Pride.
Labert. See Lambert.
Labert's Red. See Lambert.
La Due. See Le Due.
VAEIETIES OF PLUMS FROM NATIVE AMERICAN SPECIES. 27
Laire, 4, am X an w (?). A wild variety, found near Kirwin, Kans., by Abram Laire,
about 1878.
Lakeside (No. 1), 14, h. A seedling from Theodore Williams, Benson, Nebr.
Lakeside (No. 2), 14, h. A seedling from Theodore Williams, Benson, Nebr.
Lambert, 14, am. A seedling from Ontario, Canada.
Lambert's Bed. See Lambert.
*Lancaster, mu X h mi. A variety grown by Charles B. Camp, Cheney, Nebr.,
and, according to F. A. Waugh, from seed of Wild Goose pollinated by Miner.
Lang, 36, am. Received in 1898 by the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment
Station from C. W. H. Heideman, New Ulm, Minn.
Langdon. See Langsdon.
*Langsdon, h. A variety grown in 1869 in the vicinity of Louisville, Ky. D. L.
Adair, who describes it, obtained trees from a man who said he got it from Illinois
and who represented that it grew wild in that State. The description and figures
indicate that it is hortulana.
*Laniux, mu X tr. From J. S. Breece, Fayetteville, N. C, and believed to be a
hybrid of Abundance with Wild Goose.
*La Prairie, am. A wild variety, planted by a Mr. Smith, Shopiere, Wis. , about 1844,
and listed as an americana by E. S. Goff.
*Large Purple, an w. A variety from the Texas Panhandle, offered by F. T. Ramsey
in 1891.
Large Red, 37, am. A specimen was obtained under this name from the Wash-
ington Agricultural Experiment Station, Pullman, Wash.
*Large Bed, an w. A variety from the Texas Panhandle, offered by F. T. Ramsey
in 1891.
Large Red Sweet. See Plunk.
*Large Yellow, an w. A variety from the Texas Panhandle, introduced by F. T.
Ramsey in 1891.
*Late Goose, ^ mu. From Theodore Williams, Benson, Nebr.
Late Klondike. See Golden and Shiro.
Late RoUingstone, 37, am. A seedling of RoUingstone, grown by 0. M. Lord,
Minnesota City, Minn.
*Laura. Originated by Theodore Williams, Benson, Nebr., and said to be Quacken-
boss X Red Glass. The latter in turn was originated with Mr. Williams as a supposed
cross of Miner with Quackenboss. The originator says of Laiu-a, "Tree apparently
pure americana."
Le Due, 14, 37, am. Found growing wild at Hastings, Minn., and introduced by
W. G. Le Due.
Le Due Vermillion. See Vermillion.
*Legal Tender, am. Originated under cultivation with H. A. Terry, Crescent,
Iowa, and reported by Craig and Vernon to be an americana.
Leonard, 14, 37, am. Mentioned by J. S. Harris ^ as a wild seedling from Wash-
ington, Fillmore Co., Minn.
^Leonard, am. Originated with Charles Gibb, Montreal, Canada, from a wild plum
root obtained in Wisconsin. The region indicates amsricana.
I Hedrick. TT. p. The Plums of New York, 1911, p. 481.
« Harris, J. S. Minnesota Horticultural Society Report, 1891, p. 181.
28 BULLETIN 172, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGEICULTUEE.
*Leopar(i, tr X am(?). Originated with Theodore Williams and said to be seed <
Botan [Abundance] pollinated with Red Glass. F. A. Waugh says that it is appa:
ently triflora X americana.
Leptune, 14, h. Said to have been introduced by J. D. Morrow & Sons, of Arkansas
*Letta, am. Found in Buchanan County, Iowa, and introduced by J. Wragg & Soni
Waukee, Iowa.
Lillie, 36, am. Originated with H. A. Terry, ^ who says it is a seedling of Van Burei
He is, however, quoted by F. A. Waugh as saying that it is a seedling of Hawkeye.
*Lin.dheiiner, an v. Offered in 1898 as a Chickasaw by F. T. Ramsey, Austin, Te:
Little, 30, am. From Charles Luedloff, then of Carver, Minn.
Little Seedling. See Little.
Lizzie, 27, am. A seedling of Harrison, grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa, an
introduced by F. W. Meneray, Council Bluffs, Iowa.
Lockey, 14, am.
Lone Star, 14, an v. Grown by E. W. Kirkpatrick in Texas from wild seed procure
in eastern Texas.
Lotta. See Lottie.
Lottie, 30, am. A seedling of Van Buren, grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, low:
Louisa, 14, am. From Missouri.
*Lomsiana, tr X- A seedling of a Japanese crossed with a native. Grown by J. 1
Normand, Marksville, La.
*Luedloff, am. From Charles Luedloff, Cologne, Minn. Listed as americana t
E. S. Goff.
*Luedloflf Green, am. Introduced by Charles Luedloff and listed as americana \
L. H. Bailey.
*Luedloflf Red, am. Introduced by Charles Luedloff and listed as americana I
E. S. Goff.
Luedloff's Seedling. See Luedloff.
Macedonia, 14, 37, mu.
Mackland, 14, am. *
Macomber (No. 1), 14, am. From a Mr. Macomber, of Vermont.
Macomber (No. 2), 14, am. From a Mr. Macomber, of Vermont.
*Madani Leeds. Originated with George Temple, probably of Iowa, and said
resemble Poole Pride in foliage. The material received from Iowa under th
name was americana.
Mammoth July 1. See Culberson.
Manitoba, 14, n.
Manitoba (No. 1), am. A wild variety from Manitoba and Ueted by J. W. Kerr
an americana.
Manitoba (No. 2), 14, am. Grown by N. E. Hansen, Brookings, S. Dak., fro
Manitoba seed.
Manitoba (No. 4), 14, 28, n. Grown by N. E. Hansen, Brookings, S. Dak., fro
Manitoba seed.
Manitoba (No. 5), 14, 28, am. Grown by N. E. Hansen, Brookings, S. Dak., fro
Manitoba seed.
1 Terry, H. A. Transactions of the Iowa Horticultural Society, 1893, p. 276.
VARIETIES OF PLUMS FROM NATIVE AMERICAN SPECIES. 29
Manitoba (No. 6), 14, am X n (?). Grown by N. E. Hansen from Manitoba seed.
The foliage appears intermediate between nigra and americana, and is the only
variety studied appearing to have such origin.
Mankato, 14, 36, 37, am. Originated on the farm of L. J. Eider, near Mankato,
Minn., and introduced by S. D. Richardson & Son, Winnebago City, Minn.
Maquoketa, 14, 30, 34, 36, 37, h mi. Said by H. A. Terry ^ to be a seedling of Miner.
Others have said it was found wild along the Maquoketa River in Iowa. This
locality is north of the known range of the species, and the origin given by Terry
may be the correct one.
Marais des Cygne, 13, am. Introduced by J. W. Kerr, Denton, Md., in 1900.
Maranokita, 29, h.
*Marble, h X h mi. Originated with A. L. Bruce in Texas and said to be a cross of
Miner and Crimson Beauty.
*Marble, am. Received by J. S. Harris, of Minnesota, from H. Knudson, Spring-
field, Brown Co., Minn. From the origin and description it is apparently americana.
Marcellus, 14, 26, am. A seedling of Van Buren, grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent,
Iowa.
Marcus, 14, 36, 37, am. Originated in Cherokee County, Iowa, from seed of fruit
found growing on Little Sioux River. It was named for the town from which it
was disseminated.
Margaret, 1, tr X an. From seed of Kelsey planted in 1895.
Marianna, 14, an v (?) X c. An accidental seedling on the grounds of C. G. Fitze at
Marianna, Polk Co., Tex.
*Marion, am. A variety grown at one time by J. W. Kerr, Denton, Md., and listed
as an americana.
*Marjorie, am. A seedling of Lottie, grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa.
*Marth.a, tr X- A variety listed in 1901 by G. Onderdonk as a hybrid of Japanese
and native.
Mary, 11, SO, am. A seedling of Van Buren, grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa.
Maryland, 14, (b X an w) X am. Grown about 1882 by J. W. Kerr, Denton, Md., from
seed of Utah.
Mason, 14, 20, an v. Originated with Messrs. Mason, near Leander, Williamson Co.,
Tex.
*Math.ews, h. Originated with B. A. Mathews, Knoxville, Marion Co., Iowa. First
discovered in a nursery row of root-grafted Peach Leaf plums, the original tree
being planted in the orchard about 1886. Listed as hortulana by E. E. Little.
Matthews. See Mathews.
Maude Lacey, 14, am. A seedling of Hawkeye, grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent,
Iowa.
McCartney, 14, 20, an v. A variety grown by F. T. Ramsey, Austin, Tex.
*McKiniey, am. Originated ^ on the farm of a Mr. McKinley, Lucas County, Iowa,
and said by M. J. Wragg, Waukee, Iowa, to be an americana.
*McPherson, an (?). A variety grown at the Texas station and from the description
probably angustifolia.
*McRea, tr X. Originated near Lake City, Columbia Co., Fla. It is probably a
hybrid of Kelsey with either munsoniana or angustifolia.
1 Terry, H. A. Transactions of the Iowa Horticultural Society, 1890, p. 55.
2 Wragg, M. J. Transactions of the Iowa Horticultiural Society, 1899, p. 161.
30 BULLETIN 172, U. S. DEPAETMENT OF AGRICULTURE.
Meadow, am. Received by J. S. Harris,* of Minnesota, from H. Knudson, Spring-
field, Minn., and it appears from the account given to be an americana.
*Melon, am. Fruit of this variety was sent to the Iowa station by C. L. Watrous, of
Des Moines. It is listed as an americana by Craig and Vernon.
Meneray, 27, am X tr (?). A seedling of unknown parentage, grown by H. A. Terry
and introduced by F. W. Meneray, Council Bluffs, Iowa.
*Meneray's (No. 2). Grown by H. A. Terry, ^ Crescent, Iowa.
Meyer, 14, am.
Miles, 30, 34, mu. Said to have originated in Illinois from seed taken from North
Carolina.
Miller, 14, am.
*Miller, tr X. Introduced in 1907 as a Japanese hybrid by the Glen Saint Mary
Nursery Co., Glen St. Mary, Fla.
MiUer's (No. 5), 14, an v X mu. Grown by David Miller, Camp Hill, Pa.^
*Millett, am. A variety grown and listed as an americana by N. E. Hansen, Brook-
ings, S. Dak.
*Millet Early Red, am. Found wild near Pierre, S. Dak., and said by N. E. Hansen
to be an americana.
Milieu's Early Red. See Millett Early Red.
Millett T. T., 36, am. A variety grown at the South Dakota Agricultural Experi-
ment Station.
*Millett Very Early Red, am. Listed by N. E. Hansen as an americana.
Milieu's Very Early Red. See Millett Very Early Red.
Milieu's Wild Plum. See Millett.
*Mills Seedling, n. Listed by W. T. Macoun as nigra.
Milton, 14, 30, 31, 33, 34, mu. A seedling of Wild Goose, grown by H. A. Terry,
Crescent, Iowa.
*Min.co, h mi X h. Said by the originator, T. V. Munson, Denison, Tex., to be a
hybrid of Miner and Way land.
Miner, 14, 30, h mi. The seed which produced this variety seems to have been
planted in Knox County, Tenn., by William Dodd about 1814. In 1823 or 1824
it was taken to Illinois and later to Lancaster, Wis., where it received its present
name from a Mr. Miner.
Minner. See Miner.
Minnesota. See Rollingstone.
Minnesota Seedling, 34, am. A variety from a Mr. Macomber, of Vermont.
Minnetonka, 14, am. Introduced by Peter M. Gideon, of Minnesota.
*Minnie, tr X mu. From J. S. Breece, Fayetteville, N. C, and said by F. A. Waugh
to be probably Abundance pollinated with Wild Goose.
*Mississippi, mu. Introduced by J. M. Shell, of Georgetown, Tex., about 1875, and
listed as munsoniana by U. P. Hedrick.^
Mississippi Red. See Mississippi.
*Missouri, h. Said by Professor Newman to resemble Columbia [Cumberland].
Missouri Apricot, 14, 33, 34, h.
1 Harris, J. S. Minnesota Horticultural Society Report, 1890, p. 128.
2 Terry, H. A., catalogue, 1890.
8 Hedrick, U. P. The Plums of New York, 1911, p. 495.
« Hedrick, U. P. Op. cit., p. 497.
VARIETIES OF PLUMS FROM NATIVE AMERICAN SPECIES. 31
*M. J. De Wolf, am. A variety received by N. E. Hansen September 7, 1904, from
M. J. De Wolf, Letcher, S. Dak., who received seedling plums from C. W. Gumey,
Yankton, S. Dak. These were grown from pits saved from the orchard of his son,
H. J. Gumey, Elk Point, S. Dak., containing mainly such varieties as Hawkeye,
Quaker, De Soto, Wyant, Wolf, and Forest Garden. From the account given it
appears to be an americana.
*Modem Woodinan, mu. A variety offered by the Sunny Slope Nursery, Hannibal,
Mo., in 1911, which appears from the description and figure to be munsoniana.
Mollie, 14, am. Grown by Theodore Williams, Benson, Nebr.
Molly. See Mollie.
Monolith, 6, tr X mu. Grown by J. S. Breece, Fayetteville, N. C, and apparently
intermediate between Abundance and Wild Goose.
*Monon, am. A variety offered by J. W. Kerr in 1897 as an americana.
Monona, 14, 23, am. A variety grown by Christian Steioman, Mapleton, Iowa.
Montbessey, 30, b X -P . cerasus. A supposed hybrid of besseyi with the Montmorency
cherry, originated by Theodore Williams, Benson, Nebr.
Moon, 14, 37, am. A variety offered by J. W. Kerr, Denton, Md., in 1894.
Mooreman. See Moreman.
Moore's (No. 1), 30, am. A variety grown at the Iowa Agricultural Experiment
Station.
Moreman, 14, h. Originated in Kentucky and introduced by W. F. Heikes in 1881-
Moreman Cherry. See Aurora.
Moreman Prune. See Benson.
Moreman's Cherry. See Aurora.
Motteleigh, 30, am. A variety received from the Iowa Agricultural Experiment
Station.
*Mountain Plum. Said by P. J. Bercknians to be an improved Chickasaw.
Mrs. Cleveland. See Cleveland.
Mrs. Clifford. See Clifford.
*Mudson, an V (?). Listed as a Chickasaw by the Georgia Horticultural Society.
*Muldraugh, am. Found wild on Muldraugh's Hill in Hardin County, Ky., and
said by D. L. Adair to be an americana.
Muldraugh's Hill. See Muldraugh.
Mule, 14, mu X A. persica. From seed of Wild Goose pollinated by Troth Early
peach, grown by J. W. Kerr, Denton, Md.
Muncey. See Muncy.
Muncy, 14, 37, am. An americana offered at one time by J. W. Kerr, Denton, Md.
*Muiicy, mu. A selected seedling grown from seed of Poole Pride. ^
Munson, 14, an v. Originated imder cultivation in Texas and introduced by G.
Onderdonk in 1888.
*Musquaka. A variety grown by Prof. James Mathews, who lived in the vicinity of
Des Moines, lowa.^
*Mussey, am. A wild Kansas variety introduced by Abner Allen and listed by
L. U. Bailey as an americana.
*Native Red, n. Received by the Fruit Growers' Association of Ontario from W. W.
Snelling, of Ottawa. It is probably nigra, as Mr. Snelling has been growing this
species for a number of years.
' Stark Bros., catalogue, 1910. = Transactions of the Iowa Horticultural Society, 1875, p. 235.
32 BULLETIN 172, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.
N. C. Seedling. See North Carolina.
Neals, am. A variety mentioned in 1900 by Joseph Wood, of Iowa, and from the
accoimt given it appears to be an araericana}
Nebraska, 14, 29, h. mi.
*Nebraska Wonder, am. Found wild in 1892 by A. Webster, Golden, Burt Co.,
Nebr., and introduced in 1897 by H. P. Sayles, Ames, Iowa. It is listed by Craig
and Vernon as an americana.
Nellie, 14, am.
Nellie Blanche, 14, 30, am. Grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa.
Nelly. See Nellie.
Never/ail. See Never Fail.
*Never Fail, am. Purchased from an eastern nurseryman for Wolf, but foimd not
to be that variety. It was introduced by J. S. Haag, Hospers, Sioux Co., Iowa, and
listed by Craig and Vernon as an americana.
*New American, am. Listed as an americana by N. E. Hansen, Brookings, S. Dak.
Newman, 14, 34, mu. Fruit of this variety was sent in 1867 by D. L. Adair, of
Hawesville, Ky., to a Mr. Elliott, Cleveland, Ohio.
*Newton, am. A variety received by T. V. Munspn from Theodore Young, of Wichita
Falls, Kans. Mr. Munson says it bears the name of the man who owned the original
tree and is of the americana type.
Newton Egg. See Newtown Egg.
Newtown Egg, 14, am. Originated with Charles Luedloff, Carver, Minn.
New Ulm, 14, 30, 34, 36, am. A wild Minnesota seedling, introduced about 1884
by C. W. H. Heideman, New Ulm, Minn.
*New Wonderful Dwarf Cherry Tree, p. Introduced by Martin Kline, of Detroit,
Mich., who says it was discovered by him in the Northwest in 1887.
Nimon, 14, h X mu. Introduced by T. V. Munson in 1897 and supposed to be a
seedling of Way land pollinated by Wild Goose.
*Nolan, mu. Mentioned in 1869 by D. L. Adair as apparently one of the Wild Goose
seedUngs grown about that time.
Nolen Plum. See Nolan.
Nome, 27, am. Grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa.
Nona, 14, trXan v. Originated with D. H. Watson, Brenham, Tex., and said by
F. T. Ramsey to be a hybrid of Kelsey pollinated by a Chickasaw.
Norby, 36, am. Originated with A. Norby, Madison, S. Dak.
*Norby (No. 1), am. Grown by A. Norby and reported as an americana by N. E.
Hansen.
*Norby (No. 11), am. A seedling grown by A. Norby and listed as an americana by
N. E. Hansen.
*Norman. Mentioned in 1878 by W. S. Carpenter, Rye, N. Y., as an improved
variety of the Chickasaw group.
Normand {No. 5). See Alabama.
Normand {No. 15). See Louisiana.
Normand {No. 20). See GeoRGiA.
North Carolina, 14, am X ■ Certainly a hybrid of americana with some other form.
North Star, 10, 14, amX. Originated with Martin Penning, Sleepy Eye, Minn.,
from seed of Surprise.
1 Transactions of the Iowa Horticultural Society, 1900, p. 489.
VARIETIES OF PLUMS FROM NATIVE AMERICAN SPECIES. 33
Noyes, 14, am. Originated with a Mrs. Noyes, SpriBgville, Iowa, about 1881, and
introduced by a Mr. Osborn about 1888.
Noyes Seedling. See Noyes.
Oatey, 14, 37, am.
Ocheda. See Ocheeda.
Ocheeda, 14, 32, 34, am. Introduced by H. J. Ludlow, Worthington, Minn., in 1892,
and said to have been found wild in 1872 on the banks of Ocheeda Lake, Nobles Co.,
Minn., by P. L. Hardow.
Odegaard. See Odegard.
Odegard, 14, 30, 32, n. Originated at Brookings, S. Dak., about 1887, from pits
sent from Minnesota.
Ogeeche, 14, am. Found wild in Georgia and introduced by C. Bourquin.
Ogeechee. See Ogeeche.
Oglesby, 30, am. A variety at one time grown by H. T. Thompson, Marengo, 111.
Ohio, 14, 20, mu. Catalogued in 1875 by the father of F. T. Ramsey, and thought to
have originated in the northern part of Williamson County, Tex. Listed by Mr.
Ramsey as belonging to the Wild Goose group.
*Ohio Chief. A variety offered by the Parsons Nursery Co., Parsons, Kans., and
probably a native.
Ohio Prolific. See Ohio.
*Okiya, b X (mu X tr). Said by the originator, N. E. Hansen, to be the sand cherry
polUnated with Gold Plum [Golden].
Old Gold, 14, am. Introduced by C. W. H. Heideman, New Ulm, Minn.
Old Hickory. See Miner.
*OUie, h X mu. Originated by A. L. Bruce, in Texas, who says it is a hybrid of
Way land and Wild Goose.
*01son, am. Found on the Vermilion River near Vermilion, S. Dak. Its origin
indicates that it is an americana.
Omaha, 14, am«X tr. Originated by Theodore Williams, Benson, Nebr., and said to
be a cross of Abundance and Brittlewood.
*Om.ega, am. Originated by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa, and listed as an americana.
*Opata, b X (mu X tr). Grown by N. E. Hansen, of South Dakota, from seed of the
sand cherry pollinated by Golden and introduced in 1908.
Oren, 30, 34, am. "In the fall of 1876, I came from Benton County to this locality.
Spring Creek Township, Black Hawk County, Iowa, falling on Mr. Bingaman
(now dead), I noticed a few young plum trees standing in his garden full of
these plums. I bought a farm adjoining Mr. Bingaman; in the fall of 1878 I moved
on the farm. Noticing at the edge of some timber and bush a plum tree, apparently
very old, that bore these plums (it is now dead) and some young trees standing at
some distance from the old tree, I dug up and planted these young trees. From
these I plucked the plums I sent you in September." {Statement of Mr. Oren.)
Osage, 14, mu.
Osage 48. See Osage.
*Owanka, b X (mu X tr). Originated by N. E. Hansen, Brookings, S. Dak., from
seed of the sand cherry pollinated with Golden and introduced in 1908.
Owatonna, 32, am. A wild variety, originated at Owatonna, Minn.
Oxford, 36, n. A Minnesota variety.
*Oxheart, mu. A variety listed in 1911 by F. T. Ramsey & Son, Austin, Tex., as
belonging to the Wild Goose group.
34 BULLETIN 172, U. S. DEPAETMENT OF AGEICULTUEE.
*Oziya, tr X am. Said by the originator, N. E. Hansen, to be Red June pollinated
with De Soto.
Pander, 6, tr X h. A seedling of Abundance, grown by J. S. Breece, of Fayetteville,
N. C.
*Panh.andle, an w. Listed by F. T. Ramsey in 1899. Its name indicates that it
came from the Panhandle region of Texas and would therefore be angustifolia
watsoni.
Paris Belle. See Texas Belle.
*Parker, am (?). Reported by Mr. Wedge, of Minnesota, and probably a native.
*Parrott. Described as a crossbred variety by A. H. Griesa, Lawrence, Kane.
*Parson. Mentioned by J. Webster, Centralia,^Ill. Said to have come from St.
Louis, Mo.^
Parsons. See Mineii.
*Pasqua. A native Manitoba variety, from Thomas Frankland, Stonewall, Manitoba.
*Patten A. Originated under cultivation with C. G. Patten, Charles City, Iowa.
*Patten B, am. Originated under cultivation with C. G. Patten and listed by
Craig and Vernon as an americana.
Paul Wolf. See Bender.
Peach, 14, am. Grown by H. Knudson,^ Springfield, Minn., and perhaps the same
as Knudson (Knudson Peach).
Peachleaf. See Peach Leap.
*Peach Leaf, h. A variety grown by B. A. Mathews, Knoxville, Iowa, who states
that he obtained it from D. B. Wier, Lacon, 111., about 1868. The description
indicates that it is hortulana, and it is so listed by E. E. Little.^
Peach-Leaved. See Kanawha.
Pearl, 14, 30, am 1. Grown by H.A.Terry, Crescent, Iowa, from seed of Van Buren.
Peerless, 27, am. A seedling of Harrison, grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa.
Peffer. See Premium.
Peffer Premium. See Premium.
Peffer'' s Premium. See Premium.
PeMn, 14, mu (?). Originated by Theodore WilUams, Benson, Nebr.
Pendent, 14, mu X am. Originated by Theodore Williams from seed of Pottawattamie
pollinated by Forest Garden.
Penning, 14, am. Originated by a Mr. Penning, Sleepy Eye, Minn.
Penning (No. 1), 30, am.
Penning Peach, 14, am. Said by C. W. H. Heideman to have been originally intro-
duced as the Peach plum,
Penning's Peach. See Penning Peach.
Penning^ s Free. See Penning.
Pennock, 18, b X am. Originated by C. E. Pennock, Fort Collins, Colo., from seed
of Rocky Mountain Cherry thought to be polUnated by Moore's Arctic. The seed
was planted in 1893. Foliage of this variety indicates that besseyi strongly pre-
dominates. The other parent is probably americana, there being no indication
whatever of domestica.
PennocFs Hybrid. See Pennock.
1 Transactions of the Illinois Horticultural Society, 1888, p. 82.
2 Minnesota Horticultural Society Report, 1890, p. 125.
3 Little, E. E. Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 114, 1910, p. 142.
VARIETIES OP PLUMS FROM NATIVE AMERICAN SPECIES. 35
*PerryviIle. A native variety, listed in 1893 by H. J. Weber & Sous, St. Louis, Mo.
Said to have been found in Perry County, Mo.'
Pilot, 14, 34, am. Originated by M. E. Hinckley in 1874 from seed gathered on the
Little Sioux River, Cherokee County, Iowa.
Piper, 14, am. Received in the fall of 1889 from J. S. Harris, La Crescent, Minn.,
who procured it in the vicinity of Mankato, Minn., about two years previously.
Piper's Peach. See Piper.
Piram, 14, an v. A seedUng found in Goliad Coimty, Tex., and named about 1874
after Piram Hall. Introduced by Gilbert Onderdonk.
Plunk, 14, am. Introduced by Charles Luedloff, Cologne, Minn.
^Pomona, am X h mi (?). Originated by E. D. Cowles, Vermilion, S. Dak., who
believed it a natural cross of Forest Garden and Miner.
*Pontotoc, h. A variety listed in 1898 by F. T. Ramsey, Austin, Tex., as belonging
to the Wayland group.
Poole. See Poole Pride.
Poole Pride, 14, 30, 34, 37, mu. Originated by P. H. Kroh, Anna, 111.
Poole's Pride. See Poole Pride.
Pool's Pride. See Poole Pride.
Pottawattamie, 30, 34, 35, 37, mu. Introduced by J. C. Rice, Council Bluffs,
Iowa, in 1875, having come originally from Tennessee.
Potter, 30, am. Originated in Cherokee County, Iowa.
Prairie. See Prairie Flower.
Prairie Flower, 14, 29, 37, h mi. Originated in Audrain County, Mo., and supposed
to be a seedling of Miner .^
*Prairie Rose. A seedling raised at the experimental farm, Indian Head, Sas-
katchewan.
Premium, 14, 37, am. Introduced by George P. Peffer, Pewaukee, Wis.
Preserver, 14, tr X an v. Originated by D. H. Watson, Brenham, Tex., and sup-
posed to be from Kelsey seed pollinated with Early Red.
President, 27, am. A seedling of Harrison, grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa.
President Wilder. See W^ilder.
*PresIey, h mi X h. Grown by A. L. Bruce in Texas, and said by F. A. Waugh to
be probably a hybrid of Miner and Wayland.
Price, 27, am. A seedling grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa.
Professor Budd. See Budd.
Professor Craig. See Craig.
Professor Goff. See Goff.
Professor Price. See Price.
Profuse, 14, am (?)X h. Originated by Theodore WilUams, Benson, Nebr.
Prune Kanawa. See Kanawha.
Purple Panhandle, 14, an w. Introduced from the Panhandle of Texas by F. T.
Ramsey, Austin, Tex.
Purple Yosemite, 14, am. Received before 1878 by W. S. Carpenter, Rye, N. Y.,
from the Rocky Mountains, under the name Yosemite.
Puzzle, 30, bX- Originated with Theodore Williams, Benson, Nebr.; of unknown
parentage.
> Weber, H. J., & Sons, eiUalogue, 1893.
2 Stark Bros. Nursery Co., Fruit and Fruit Trees, p. 23.
36 BULLETIN 172^ U. S. DEPAETMENT OF AGEICULTURE.
Quaker, 14, 37, am 1. Found wild by Joseph Bundy, Springville, Linn Co., Iowa,
and introduced about 1862 by H. C. Raymond, Council Bluffs, Iowa.
Quaker Beauty, 14, am 1. Obtained by J. W. Kerr in 1897 from the Washington
Agricultiu-al Experiment Station, Pullman, Wash.
^Quality, am. A variety of unknown origin, but grown at one time by Edson Gay-
lord, Nora Springs, Iowa. Said by E. S. Goff to be an americana.
Queen. See Golden Queen.
*Queen of Arkansas. Mentioned by R. H. Price in an unclassified list at the Texas
Agricultural Experiment Station.
Quitaque, 20, an w. A selection from the wild near Quitaque, Tex., introduced by
F. T. Ramsey.
Rachel, 14, 29, 37, h mi.
Ragland, 14, tr X an v. Originated with D. H. Watson, Brenham, Tex., and sup-
posed to be a hybrid of Kelsey pollinated with Yellow Transparent.
Rains. See KLanawha.
*Ramsey Last, mu. Originated with F. T. Ramsey, Austin, Tex.'
Rang. See Lang.
Rareripe, am. Grown at the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station and
from the description apparently an americana.
Rare Ripe. See Rareripe.
*Ray, h mi X mu. Originated with A. L. Bruce, Basin Springs, Tex., and supposed
to be a cross between Miner and Wild Goose.
R. B. Whyte (Nos. 1, 4, and 5), 28, n. Grown by R. B. Whyte, near Ottawa, Canada.
R.B.Whyte{No.3). See Whyte.
*Reagan, h X am. Introduced in 1907 by the Texas Nursery Co., Sherman, Tex., as
Way land crossed with an americana.
Rebecca, 14, am.
Reche, 14, 37, am.
*Red Chickasaw, an v (?). Offered in 1891 by the Mallinckrodt Nursery, St. Charles,
Mo.2
Red Cloud, 14, 37, am.
*Red Glass, h mi. Originated about 1894 by Theodore WUliams, Benson, Nebr., as
a cross between Miner and Quackenboss. It is said by F. A. Waugh to show no
evidence of Quackenboss.
*Red Glass Junior. Originated by Theodore Williams, who says it is "Blue Glass
[Red Glass] X Quackenboss," but that the tree looks Uke an americana.
*Red Horse, am. Offered as an americana by J. W. Kerr, Denton, Md.
*Redick,^ am.
Red May, 14, 15, 20, tr X mu. A seedling of Abundance pollinated with Wild Goose,
originated by A. L. Bruce, Basin Springs, Tex.
Red October, 15, mu (?).
Red October. See Ward October Red.
Red Panhandle, 14, an w. Introduced from the Panhandle of Texas by F. T. Ram-
sey, Austin, Tex.
1 Hedrick, U. P. The Plums of New York, 1911, p. 525.
2 Mallinckrodt Nursery, catalogue, 1891.
3 Hedrick, U. P. Op. cit., p. 527.
VARIETIES OF PLUMS FROM NATIVE AMERICAN SPECIES. 37
Red Skin, 14, mu. Originated with Theodore Williams, Benson, Nebr.^
Reed, 14, 30, h. Originated with O. H. Reed, Hightstown, N. J., from pits obtained
in Illinois.
Reel, 14, 30, am. A seedling of Van Buren, grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa.
*Regina. A seedling grown at the Indian Head Experimental Farm, Saskatchewan.
Reinette, 37, am 1.
Rice Seed. See Gaviota.
Richey (No. 1), 30, am. A seedling grown in Iowa.
Richey (No. 2), 30, am. A seedling grown in Iowa.
*Robert, am. Listed as an americana by E. S. Goff.
Roberts Freestone. See Robert.
Robinson, 34, mu. Reported as a seedling grown by a Mr. Putnam in Indiana
from seed carried with him from North Carolina and brought to notice in 1879 by
Dr. J. H. Robinson.
Robinson. See Miner.
Rockford, 14, am. A wild variety, introduced by C. G. Patten, Charles City, Iowa.
The original tree came from a grove near Rockford, Iowa.
Rocky Mountain, 14, am. From C. W. H. Heideman, of Minnesota, and listed as
an americana by F. A. Waugh.
Rocky Movintain Cherry, 14, b. Introduced by Charles Pennock, Bellvue, Colo.
Rocky Mountain Dwarf. See Rocky Mountain.
*Rocky Movintain Seedling.^ Mentioned as a native variety in 1882 by Louis
Koeper, Marshalltown, Iowa.
Rollingstone, 14, 29, 32, 36, 37, am. Found about 1852 on Rollingstone Creek,
Winona County, Minn., by O. M. Lord, Minnesota City, Minn. Introduced about
1882.
Rolling Stone. See Rollingstone.
RoUingstone Late, 14, am. Grown by O. M. Lord, Minnesota City, Minn., from
seed of Rollingstone. ^
*Rosselle, am. A chance seedling, originated in 1892 with Ernest Hoffman, Roselle,
Carroll Co., Iowa, and listed an an americana by Craig and Vernon.
Roulette, 14, mu. Supposed to have originated in Texas.
*Round. A native plum received previous to 1888 by J. Webster, Centralia, 111.,
from a Mr. Spears, Cedar Rapids, Iowa.
Rowlett. See Roulette.
Ruby, 6, tr X mu. Originated with J. S. Breece, Fayetteville, N. C, and supposed
to be a cross of Abundance with Wild Goose.
Ruby, 34, mu. A seedling of Wild Goose, introduced in 1891 by L. T. Sanders of the
Orchard Home Nursery, Plain Dealing, La.
Rue, 32, 36, am. Scions of this variety were received by Prof. Budd, of the Iowa
Agricultural College, from J. B. Rue, Pottawattamie County, Iowa.
*Rupert, p X am. A variety listed by W. T. Macoun, Ottawa, Canada, as a cross
between Prunus pumila and P. americana.*
Sada, 14, am. Grown by H. A. Terry from seed of Van Buren.
I Hedrick, U. P. Op. cit., p. 529.
* Transactions of the Iowa Horticultural Society, 1882, p. 237.
3 Kerr, J. W., catalogue, 1899-1900, p. 10.
< Macoun, W. T. Central Experimental Farm Bulletin 43, 1903, p. 40.
38 BULLETIN 172, V. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGEICULTURE.
*Saffold. Introduced into Texas from Alabama about 1853 by General "Safford,"
of Seguin, Tex. Gilbert Onderdonk says, "It was cultivated long before we had
any other plum."
*Sanders, an v. Introduced by J. S. Kerr, Sherman, Tex., in 1898 and classed as a
Chickasaw by F. A. Waugh.
*Sanderson, am. A Minnesota variety, listed as an americana by J. L. Budd.
*Sandoz. Introduced by E. F. Stephens, of the Crete Nursery, Crete, Nebr., who
says it is of northern Nebraska origin.
*Sansota, b X am. Originated with N. E. Hansen, Brookings, S. Dak., who says
that it is a sand cherry crossed with De Soto. Introduced in 1910.
*Sapa, b X tr. Originated with N. E. Hansen, Brookings, S. Dak., as a seedling
of Primus besseyi pollinated with Sultan. Introduced in 1908.
* Saskatchewan. A native Manitoba seedUng, grown by Thomas Frankland,
Stonewall, Manitoba.
*Satin, h X tr. Originated by J. S. Breece, Fayetteville, N. C, and believed to be a
hybrid of Moreman with a Japanese plum.
Schley, 14, 30, mu. Originated near Augusta, Ga., and introduced by W. K. Nelson,
of Georgia.
Schley's Large Red. See Schley.
Schoenthal, 14, am.
*Scribner, mu X tr. Originated with J. S. Breece, Fayetteville, N. C, as a chance
seedling; believed to be a cross of Abundance pollinated with Wild Goose.
Seper, 14, amXtr(?). This variety shows no indication of nigra, though often
referred to that species. The foliage has the acute serrations of americana, but shows
in the form of the leaf a possible admixture of triflora. Introduced by J. W. Kerr.
Seper's Peach. See Seper.
September, 27, am. A seedling grown by H. A. Terry and introduced by F. W.
Meneray, Council Bluffs, Iowa.
* Shaker. Grown by James G. Johnson, Carthage, 111., from seed brought from Ohio,
and apparently a native.
Shanghai (No. 2), 14, am. From Theodore Williams, Benson, Nebr.
*Shedd Cluster, mu (?). A wild variety, foimd by Mr. Shedd between Lampasas
and Coryell Counties, Tex., and said to resemble Robinson.
Shedd' s Chister. See Shedd Cluster.
Shiro, 14, mu X c X (tr X s). Originated with Luther Burbank, who says it is a
combination of Robinson, Myrobalan, and Wickson.
*Sierra, su. A native described by S. L. Mathews, Grizzly Flats, Cal., who says its
native home is "high up in the Sierras."
Sierra Crimson. See Sierra.
Silas Wilson, 10, am. A seedUng of Hawkeye, grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa.
* Simpson. "The original tree was foimd growing wild in the woods near Alexis, this
State" [IlUnois].!
* Sioux, b. Listed by N. E. Hansen as a variety of Prunus besseyi.
*Sirocco, tr X (an v X c). Originated with J. S. Breece, Fayetteville, N. C, who
believes it a hybrid of Abundance with Marianna.
Sisson, su. Taken by Mr. Sisson from a wild thicket near the base of Mount Shasta,
about one-half mile from the town of Sisson, Cal. The original thicket was visited
by the writer in 1911.
I Augustine & Co., catalogue, spring of 1895.
VARIETIES OF PLUMS FROM NATIVE AMERICAN SPECIES. 39
*Sixby, am. A variety disseminated by Edson Gaylord, Nora Springs, Iowa, and
listed as an americana by E. S. Goff.
Six Weeks, 15, an X tr. A variety of Texas origin, supposed to be a cross of Abun-
dance with a native Chickasaw.
^Skuya,^ tr X b. Originated with N. E. Hansen, Brookings, S. Dak., as a hybrid of
Red June pollinated with Prunus besseyi, not with De Soto, as originally stated.
Introduced in 1908.
Sloe, 37, am.
Smiley, 14, mu. Believed to have originated in Alabama.
Smith, 14, 37, am. Grown from seed of Quaker by 0. A. Smith, of Caroline County,
Md.
Smith Red, 14, n. Sent to the Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station for trial,
in 1890, by J. F. Gale & Son, then of Waukesha, Wis.
Smith's Red. See Smith Red.
SneUing, 28, n. Grown by W. H. Snelling, New Edinbiu-g, Ontario, about 1880, from
a sprout of a wild tree grown at Gatineau Point, Quebec.
Snooks. See New Ulm.
*Snyder, am. Originated in 1893 with J. A. Fairchild, Coggon, Linn Co., Iowa,
from seed of De Soto.
Sophie, 14, 31, 34, 37, mu X h. A supposed cross of Wild Goose pollinated with the
German prune and originated with J. W. Kerr, Denton, Md. There is, however,
no trace of doviestica character in the variety, but it shows some indication of hor-
tulana parentage.
*Soiiris. A seedling raised at the Indian Head Experimental Farm, Saskatchewan.
*South Cumberland. A variety known for 26 or 27 years previous to 1891 in the
vicinity of Augusta, Ga.
South Dakota {No. 8). See Yuteca.
*Southem Beauty. A hybrid, similar in growth and foliage to Mule, according to
J. W. Kerr, Denton, Md.
^Southern Golden. Listed by the Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station as
belonging to the Chickasaw class.
Speer, 14, 37, am. A wild variety, grown by J. A. Speer, Cedar Falls, Iowa.
Splendid, 30, am. Foimd wild in 1878 by J. K. Teeter, near Magnolia, Harrison
Co., Iowa.
*Springer, am. A wild variety found by William A. Springer in the vicinity of
Fremont, Wis., and sent to the Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station in 1890.
Listed as an americana by E. S. Goff.
*Stanapa, b X c a. Originated with N. E. Hansen, Brookings, S. Dak., who says it
is sand cherry pollinated with the purple-leaved Persian plum.
State Fair No. 16. See Wastesa.
Steinman, 23, 30, am. Originated in 1883 by Christian Steinman, Mapleton, Iowa,
from a mixed lot of seed of De Soto, Quaker, and Forest Garden.
Steinman {No. 2). See Steinman.
Stella, 14, am. Grown by Theodore Williams, Benson, Nebr.
*Sterling, am. Listed as an americana by J. W. Kerr, Denton, Md.
*Stickney, am. A variety grown by Franklin Johnson, of Baraboo, Wis., and ap-
parently a native americana.
1 Hansen, N. E. Some New Fruits, circular of the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station,
spring of 1912.
40 BULLETIN 172, U. S. DEPAETMENT OF AGEICULTUKE.
Stoddard, 10, 14, 30, 32, 34, am. Originated on the grounds of a Mrs. Baker, Jesup,
Iowa, and introduced by J. Wragg & Son, of Iowa.
Stoddart. See Stoddard.
Strawberry, 14, an w.
Stumpe. See Howe.
Sucker State, 14, h. Believed to have come from Illinois.
Sugar Plum, 25, am. A variety received from G. H. Wilson, Hustisford, Wis.
Sunrise, 30, am. A seedling of De Soto, originated at the Central Experimental
Farm, Ottawa, Canada.
Sunset, 30, h mi. Originated with C. E. Pennock, Bellvue, Colo.
Surprise, 14, 17, 30, 32, 34, 36, am X h mi. A selection from a number of seedlings
grown from pits of De Soto, Weaver, and Miner by Martin Penning, of Sleepy Eye,
Minn. It is evidently a hybrid of americana and hortulana mineri.
Suwanee. See Wild Goose.
Swift, 28, am. A seedling of De Soto, grown at the Central Experimental Farm,
Ottawa, Canada.
Tarleton, 14, an v X c. A Georgia variety.
Tecuroseh, 14, am. Introduced by J. W. Poole, of Indiana, under the name of
Hughes Late.
Tenneha, 38, mu.
*Tennessee, mu. Apparently one of the seedlings of Wild Goose, grown about 1869.
Tennessee Plum. See Tennessee.
*Terrell, tr X an v (?). Originated by J. Terrell, of Hastings, Fla., and believed to
be a seedling of Excelsior.
Terry, 14, 32, am 1. A seedling of Van Buren, grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa.
*Terry De Soto, am. A seedling of De Soto, grown by H. A. Terry in 1895 and
listed by Craig and Vernon as an americana.
Terry's De Soto. See Terry De Soto.
*Teton, am. Found in 1904 in a thicket a short distance from the Missouri River,
near Campbell, Campbell Co., S. Dak. Introduced by N. E. Hansen.
Texas Belle, 14, mu. A variety introduced by Dr. W. W. Steele, Paris, Tex., and
grown by Stephen H. Turner.
Thousand-and-One, 14, mu.
*Throssel, am. Found wild on the Des Moines River by Mr. Throssel, near Pierson,
Woodbury Co., Iowa, and listed as an americana by Craig and Vernon.
*Toka, am X s. Originated with N. E. Hansen, who states that it is the wild plum
pollinated with Prunus simonii. Introduced in 1911.
*Tokata, s X am. Prunus simonii pollinated by De Soto, according to the originator,
N. E. Hansen.
*Tokeya, b X s. Originated with N. E. Hansen, who says it is from the seed of
Prunus besseyi pollinated with Prunus simonii.
^Tomahawk, b. Said by the introducer, N. E. Hansen, to be besseyi.
*Tomlingson, am (?). Listed as a native in 1882,^ by Louis Koeper, Marshall town,
Iowa.
*Topa, am. Listed by N. E. Hansen, Brookings, S. Dak., as an americana.
Townsend. See Miner.
1 Transactions of the Iowa Horticultural Society, 1882, p. 237.
VARIETIES OF PLUMS FROM NATIVE AMERICAN SPECIES. 41
Traer. See De Soto.
Transparent. See Mackdonia.
Transparent. See Yellow Transparent.
Trayer. See De Soto.
*Trostle, am. Grown in the vicinity of Kingsley, Iowa, and said by F. A. Waugh to
be probably an americana.^
♦Truro, am. X b mi- A seedling of Weaver crossed with Miner, from E. W. Tucker,
Winfield, 111.
*Tucker, mu. Grown by E. W. Tucker, Winfield, 111., from seed taken from a cluster
containing Weaver, Miner, Wild Goose, and two prune trees. Tree is said to
resemble Wild Goose.
*Tudor, mu (?). Originated on K. L. Tudor's farm in Texas, and from the description
it appears to belong to the Wild Goose group.*
*Ultra. A variety grown by J. A. Wood, Windom, Minn., who says it is a hybrid of
the sand cherry and plum.^
*Underliill Seedling, mu. Originated on the farm of Dr. Blackman and said to be
a cross between Wild Goose and Washington. It is doubtless a seedling of Wild
Goose.*
United States, 14, am. Originated with Theodore Williams, Benson, Nebr.
Utah, b X an w. Grown by J. E. Johnson at Wood River, Nebr., pre\dous to 1870,
Mr. Johnson later moved to Utah and there disseminated the variety.
Utah Hybrid. See Utah.
* Value, am. Originated with Theodore Williams, Benson, Nebr.
Van Buren, 14, am. 1. A wild seedling, from Van Buren County, Iowa, introduced
by J. Thatcher.
Van Deman, 14, am. A seedling of Hawkeye, grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa.
Van Dieman. See Van Deman.
Van Houten, 30, h (?) X am. Grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa.
Venice, 14, mu.
Venus, 30, mu. Grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa.
Vermillion, 14, am. A variety grown at one time by J. W. Kerr, Denton, Md.
Vick, 14, 30, mu. A seedling of Wild Goose, grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa.
*Victor. A seedling grown at the Indian Head Experimental Farm, Saskatchewan.
*Victoria. Originated with Theodore Williams, Benson, Nebr.
*Victor Sand Cherry, (b X mu) X d (?). Grown by Theodore Williams, who says it ,
is a cross of sand cherry with Wild Goose, and this again crossed with Quackenboss.
*Violet, am (?). A native variety, received by J. S. Harris in 1889 from H. Knudson,
Springfield, Minn.^
*Virgie, h mi X h. Originated by A. L. Bruce in Texas and believed to be a cross
between Miner and Crimson Beauty.
*Wabash. Reported in 1868 as a native variety grown in Indiana.
*Wachampa, b X tr. Grown by N. E. Hansen, who says it is a cross of the sand
cherry and Sultan plum.
*WaddeU, an v. Listed as a Chickasaw by F. T. Ramsey, Austin, Tex.*
1 Waugh, F. A. Plums and rium Culture, 1901, p. 234.
' Paris Nurseries, catalogue.
» Transactions of the Iowa Horticultural Society, 1899, p. 442.
< Munson, J. J., catalogue.
» Minnesota Ilorticultural Society Report, 1890, p. 128.
• Ramsey, F. T., catalogue.
42 BULLETIN 172, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.
*Wady. Apparently a native.
Wady's Early. See Wady.
^^Wagner, am. A seedling of Weaver pollinated with a wild variety, grown by J. F.
Wagner, Bennett, Iowa, in 1894, and listed as an americana by Craig and Vernon.
Wagner (No. 9). See Wagner.
Wagner (No. 15), 30, h. A seedling grown in Iowa.
*Wakapa, tr X am. According to the originator, N. E. Hansen, a seedling of Red
June pollinated with De Soto. Introduced in 1908.
Wallace, 27, am. A seedling of Harrison, grown by H. A. Terry and introduced by
F. W. Meneray, Council Bluffs, Iowa.
Waraju, 14, am. Listed by J. W. Kerr, Denton, Md.
Ward October Bed, 20, r X me. Found wild near Henrietta, Clay Co., Tex., by
Robert Ward and introduced by T. V. Munson about 1902.
*Wamer, am (?), A native plum mentioned by the Minnesota Horticultural Society
in 1881.^
Warren, 30, am. Grown from seed of Hawkeye by H. A. Terry.
*Wastesa, am. Listed by N. E. Hansen, Brookings, S. Dak., as an aviericana.
Watrous. See Captain Watrous.
Watson, 14, 20, tr X an v. Originated by D. H. Watson, Brenham, Tex., and
believed to be a seedling of Kelsey pollinated with Lone Star.
*Watts. Mentioned by William H. Castle, Canton, Miss., as a seedling grown by
Dr. D. S. Watts, of the same county, from a tree of unknown origin on a neighboring
farm. From the description it is apparently a native.
Waugh, 14, tr X h. Originated with J. W. Kerr, Denton, Md., from seed of Chabot
pollinated with Wayland.
*Waver Bright. A variety offered by the Wichita Nursery, Wichita Falls, Tex.^
Wayland, 14, 30, 33, 34, h. A seedling, originated with Prof. H. B. Wayland, Cadiz,
Ky., and sent by him to J. S. Downer & Sons, Todd County, Ky., who named and
disseminated it.
Wazata, 14, 30, n. A wild Minnesota variety, introduced by Peter M. Gideon, of
Minnesota, and W. F. Heikes, of Alabama.
Weaver, 14, 35, 37, am. A wild variety, found wild on Cedar River, near Palo,
Iowa, by Mr. Weaver and introduced by Ennis & Patten about 1873.
Welch, 27, am. Grown by H. A. Terry from seed of Hammer.
Welcome, 20, an w. A variety offered by F. T. Ramsey in 1907.
Welcome, 28, am. A seedling of De Soto, grown at the Central Experimental Farm,
Ottawa, Canada.
Whatisit, 14, b X. Grown by Theodore Williams from seed of Prunus hesseyi.
Whitacre. See Whitaker.
Whitaker, 14, 30, 37, mu. A seedling of Wild Goose, originated in eastern Texas by
J. T. Whitaker.
White Prune, 30, am. Originated with H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa.
Whyte, 28, n. Grown by R. B. Whyte near Ottawa, Canada.
Whyte's Red Seedling. See Whyte.
Wier Large Red. See Wier.
Wier, 14, am. Originated with D. B. Wier, of Illinois.
» Minnesota Horticultural Society Report, 1881, p. 78. « Wichita Nursery, catalogue.
VARIETIES OF PLUMS FROM NATIVE AMERICAN SPECIES. 43
Wier (No. 50), 14, 37, am. Originated with D. B. Wier, of IlKnois.
Wier's Large Red. See Wiek.
Wier's {No. 50). See Wier (No. 50),
Wilder, 14, mu X h. A seedling of Wild Goose, grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa.
Wild Goose, 14, 21, 30, 33, 35, 37, mu. A wild variety originated in Tennessee.
*Wild Goose Improved, mu. A variety introduced by Stark Bros., Louisiana, Mo.,
in 1911.
Wildgoose Yellow. See Yellow Wild Goose.
Wildrose, 14, am. A wild Minnesota variety, introduced in 1888 by A. W. Sias,
Rochester, Minn.
William Dodd. See Miner.
Williams, 14, 37, am.
WilHams (No. 17), 14, am.
WiUiams (No. 19), 14, am.
WiUiams (No. 20), 14, am.
*Wilmeth Late. A variety taken into Texas many years ago from Alabama.
Wilson, 32, am. Reported as a native seedling from Iowa.
Winnebago, 14, 32, am. A variety received by H. A. Terry from Minnesota.
*Wiimipeg,^ am. A variety grown by N. E. Hansen from pits secured in Manitoba.
Wisconsin Red. See Miner.
Witman, 32, am. Originated by August Witman, Merriam Park, Minn., about 1895.
W. J. Bryan. See Bryan.
*Wohanka, tr X am. Originated with N. E. Hansen, who says it is a seedling of Red
June pollinated with De Soto.
WoK, 10, 14, 30, 32, 34, 36, am 1. Originated about 1856 on the farm of D. B. Wolf,
Wapello County, Iowa, from pits of wild plums.
Wolf Cling. See Wolf Clingstone.
*WoK CUngstone, am 1. At one time disseminated for the true Wolf.
Wolf Free. See Wolf.
Wolf Freestone. See Wolf.
Wonder. See Osage.
Wonder (Nebraska Wonder, of Sayles). See Nebraska Wonder.
Wood, 14, 34, 36, 37, am. A seedling from a pliun found growing on the bank of the
Des Moines River, Cottonwood County, Minn., and introduced by Joseph Wood, of
Windom, Minn.
*Wooster, mu. Referred to the Wild Goose group by F. A. Waugh.
Wooten, 14, 20, 33, mu. A wild variety, found growing in the valley of the Colorado
River, Burnet Co., Tex., by F. T. Ramsey in 1876.
Wootten. See Wooten.
Worldbeater, 14, 34, h. Grown from seed of a plum found in 1838 by J. H. Tinsley,
near Nashville, Tenn., and planted in Lincoln County, Ky. About ten years later
trees of the variety were taken to Clay County, Mo., and many years later introduced
by Stark Bros.
Worth, 14, am. Originated by Theodore Williams and introduced by J. W. Kerr,
Denton, Md.
1 Hansen, N. E. Some New Fruits, circular of the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station,
spring of 1908.
44 BULLETIN VJ2, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGEICULTURE.
*Wortliam. Originated with John W. Knodle, 3 miles south of Republican City,
Nebr., and apparently a native.'
Wragg, 27, am. A seedling of Hawkeye, grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa.
*Wragg Freestone. Received from the Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment
Station from Edson Gay lord, Nora Springs, Iowa.
*'Wyatidotte. A native variety mentioned in 1889 by J. L. Budd.
Wyant, 10, 31, 32, 34, am. Scions of this variety were obtained by J. E. Wyant, of
Shellsburg, Iowa, from a tree in his mother's yard at Janesville, which had been
transplanted from a wild grove on the Cedar River.
Wychoff, 30, mu. Introduced in 1902 by S. W. Snyder, Center Point, Iowa, who
says it came originally from Illinois.
Yates, 14. tr X an v. Originated with D. H. Watson, Brenham, Tex., and introduced
by W. A. Yates. It is believed to be a hybrid from Kelsey seed pollinated with
Lone Star.
*yellow Americana, am (?). Originated with Theodore Williams, Benson, Nebr,
*Yellow Cherokee, an v (?). A variety offered by A. K. CUngman, Keithville, La.
*Yellow Chickasaw, an v (?). Offered by the Mallinckrodt Nursery, St. Charles,
Mo., in 1891.
* Yellow Oregon, h. Obtained by the Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station
from S. A. Mathews, Knoxville, Iowa. From the description and figures given
by F. A. Waugh, it is hortulana.
Yellow Panh.andle, 14, an w. A variety from the Panhandle region of Texas, intro-
duced by F. T. Ramsey, Austin, Tex.
Yellow Sweet, 14, 37, am. A variety of supposed Minnesota origin.
YeUow Transparent, 14, an v. Selected by J. L. Freeman from a seedling orchard
of 2,000 trees grown from wild seed in northern Texas.
*Yellow Wild Goose, mu (?). Said to have been introduced by R. Bates, Jackson,
S. C.
*YeUow Yosemite, am. Received before 1878 by W. S. Carpenter, Rye, N. Y.,
from the Rocky Moimtains, under the name Yosemite. There were two varieties —
one purple, the other yellow with scarlet cheek. Both were doubtless americana.
Yosemite. See Yellow Yosemite.
Yosemite Purple. See Purple Yosemite.
Yosemite Yellow. See Yellow Yosemite.
*Yiikon. A seedHng raised at the Indian Head Experimental Farm, Saskatchewan.
*Yuksa, b X ar. Originated with N. E. Hansen, who says it is a sand cherry crossed
with New Large apricot. Introduced in 1908.
*Yuteca, am. Listed by N. E. Hansen as an americana.
*Zekanta, am. Listed by N. E. Hansen as an americana.
» Kansas State Horticultural Society Report, 1885, p. 244.
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