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FIELD MUSEUM or NATURAL HISTORY
PUBLICATION 244
BOTANICAL SERIES VOL. IV, No. 5
I. VARIOUS SPERMATOPHYTES
1. The perennial South American Paroselas .... 99
2. Further Peruvian Psoraleas ......... 113
3. An Earlier Name for Muehlenbeckia ...... 114
4. New Peruvian Malesherbias , ...... 117
5. A Defense of Allocarya .......... 119
6. Notes on Cucumis, Palafoxia, Liatris ..... 122
J. FRANCIS MACBRIDE
Assistant Curator, Taxonomy, Department of Botany
II. MOSSES OF PERU
R. S. WILLIAMS
Administrative Assistant, The New York Botanical Garden
B. E. DAHLGREN
Acting Curator, Department of Botany
EDITOR
CHICAGO, U. S. A.
May 31, 1927
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OP AMERICA
BY FIELD MUSEUM PRESS
v,4
I. VARIOUS SPERMATOPHYTES
mostly from the
CAPTAIN MARSHALL FIELD EXPEDITIONS TO PERU
J. FRANCIS MACBRIDE
i. NOTES ON THE PERENNIAL SOUTH AMERICAN
PAROSELAS
In attempting to determine the collections of Paroselas secured on the
Captain Marshall Field Botanical Expeditions to Peru in 1922 and 1923
it became evident that no satisfactory results could be obtained until a
synopsis was prepared of all of the known South American species. Ac-
cordingly a key was worked out, largely from descriptions, and it is here
published entirely with the knowledge that it is artificial and at best
merely suggestive of the possible relationship of the thirty odd species
accounted for.
If it had been possible to see types of some of the earlier and meagerly
described species, as well as several of those more recently proposed, or
even to obtain carefully drawn diagnoses of their calyx-characters, the
application of several of these names could have been made with a
greater degree of certainty. However, this information did not seem
to be obtainable from herbaria where presumably the types of the
species concerned are deposited. Consequently it has been necessary to
"reason out" the probable application of several names and, no doubt,
as usual in such cases, with only a modicum of success.
Dalea leptostachya DC. Prod. ii. 246 (1825) has been omitted from the
key as it seems probable that it is not South American. An outstanding
characteristic would appear to be the acuminate leaflets. D. enneaphylla
Willd. Sp. PL iii. 1338 (1800), based on Psoralea carthagenensis Jacq.
Hist. Stirp. Am. 206 (1763), may be P. emphysodes (Jacq.) Rydb. in a
broad sense but it also has not been placed 1 . The somewhat aberrant P.
multifoliolata (Clos) Macbr. or Errazurizia multifoliolata (Clos) Johnston,
Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. ser.4, xii, 1043 (1924) of Chile is at once
recognizable by its white tomentose stems and very loosely spicate
1 P. pilocarpa Rusby, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Card. vii. 261 (1927) has not been seen.
It is apparently allied to P. microphylla or related species and, if so, seems to be
unique.
99
ioo FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. V.
inflorescence. Whether or not it is regarded as generically distinct is
largely an academic matter but I am inclined to concur in Johnston's
viewpoint and so have not included it.
Since European botanists continue to use the term Dalea for this
group of plants, it seems in order to call attention to the fact that Dalea
Gaertn. Fruct. i. 235. t.5i (1788) is the legal name for Microdon Choisy,
Me'm. Soc. Phys. Geneve, ii. 2. 97 (1823) and that the Dalea of Lin-
naeus, technically published in synonymy, has no valid standing, ac-
cording to Articles 37 and 38 of the International Rules, prior to 1789,
when taken up by Jussieu and again, in 1799, by Ventenat. In the
meantime Gaertner published his Dalea which, as it clearly antedates
Microdon, must be recognized as the name for that Scrophulariaceous
group. The use of Dalea for Parosela can be established only by adding
it to nomina conservandae, as indicated by Parish, Bot. Gaz. Iv. 300
(1913). In view of the fact that the majority of the species are now
known as Paroselas (and, since the appearance of Rydberg's monograph,
many have yet to be transferred to Dalea} the arbitrary establishment of
the Linnaean Dalea would be most unfortunate. On the other hand, the
conservation of Microdon would avoid a transfer of only three names:
obviously Gaertner's well-published name ought to be permitted to
supplant the much later proposed Microdon.
I acknowledge with appreciation loans of the South American ma-
terial of this group from the U. S. National Herbarium, courtesy of Dr.
Maxon, The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, courtesy of
Dr. Pennell, and the Gray Herbarium, courtesy of Dr. Robinson. Ex-
cept when otherwise indicated (by initial), the specimens cited are in
the herbarium of the Field Museum.
A KEY TO THE SOUTH AMERICAN PERENNIAL PAROSELAS
a. Flowers racemose, shortly pedicellate 33. P. Jamesonii
a. Flowers spicate.
6. Spikes short, subcapitate (cf. No. 12) Section I.
b. Spikes elongate, cylindrical or ovate-cylindrical (cf. No. 16).
c. Flowers yellow, or yellow and red, sometimes fading brown
or brown- violet Section II.
c. Flowers at least in part blue or violet or rose.
d. Leaflets broader than linear Section III.
d. Leaflets narrowly linear Section IV.
SECTION I
c. Bracts obtuse to acuminate in the same head 3. P. exilis.
a. Bracts not diverse.
b. Calyx-teeth slender, about equalling or longer than the tube.
SOUTH AMERICAN PAROSELAS 101
c. Calyx-glands more conspicuous than the pubescence; spikes
mostly sessile i. P. emphysodes.
c. Calyx pubescence more noticeable than the glands; spikes
more or less peduncled.
d. Leaflets pubescent 2. P. trichocalyx.
d. Leaflets glabrous, 4. P. microphylla.
b. Calyx-teeth broad and distinctly shorter than the tube.
c. Leaflets 2-4 pairs.
d. Leaflets glabrous 17. P. Hofstenii.
d. Leaflets pubescent 12. P. catatona,
c. Leaflets 7-9 pairs.
d. Glabrous 4a. P. microphylla, var. brevis.
d. Sparsely long-villous 5. P. vicina.
SECTION II
a. Calyx-tube pubescent.
b. Calyx-teeth pubescent.
c. Leaves glabrous; shrubs.
d. Leaflets 6-10 pairs; spikes 1-2.5 cm. long.
e. Calyx-teeth subulate, the shortest nearly equalling the
tube 4. P. microphylla.
e. Calyx-teeth ovate-based, all but the lower much shorter
than the tube 4a. P. microphylla, var. brevis.
d. Leaflets 3-5 pairs; spikes elongate 6. P. galbina.
c. Leaves somewhat hairy; perennial herb 7. P. calocalyx.
b. Calyx-teeth glabrous 8. P. sulfurea.
a. Calyx-tube glabrous 32. P. cylindrica.
SECTION III
a. Leaflets densely sericeous or tomentose-villous, at least beneath.
b. Flowers showy, 9-12 mm. long.
c. Calyx-tube pubescent.
d. Calyx-teeth much shorter than the tube.
e. Leaflets white-pubescent; plants shrubby.
/. Small (3-4 mm.) Leaflets 4-7 pairs 9. P. Weberbaueri.
f. Larger (6-8 mm.) Leaflets 3-4 pairs 10. P. sericophylla.
e. Leaflets greenish; perennial herb 15. P. Pennellii.
d. Calyx-teeth as long as the tube 29. P. Fieldii.
c. Calyx-tube glabrous.
d. Leaves green at least above 26. P. coerulea.
d. Leaves silvery-pubescent '. 27. P. Killipii.
b. Flowers small, 5-6 mm. long 1 1. P. hunnfusa.
a. Leaflets glabrous, or lightly pubescent, especially in youth.
b. Calyx-tube more or less hairy without.
c. Calyx-teeth broad at least at base and shorter than the tube.
d. Low and diffuse or prostrate shrubs, or perennial herbs;
leaflets mostly 3-7 mm. long.
e. Flowers about 6 mm. long.
/. Leaflets and bracts pubescent.
g. Leaflets cuneate-oblong ; pubescence subappressed n. P. humifusa.
g. Leaflets obovate; pubescence spreading 12. P. catatona.
f. Leaflets and bracts glabrous 13. P. peruviana.
e. Flowers showy, 8-12 mm. long.
/. Leaflets 7-9 pairs.
g. Bracts hairy without.
h. Bracts persistent 14. P. boliviano.
h. Bracts early caducous.
*. Mature leaflets pubescent; perennial herb. ... 15. P. Pennelli.
i. Mature leaflets glabrous; spreading shrub 16. P. azurea.
g. Bracts glabrous without.
h. Leaflets 2-3 pairs 17. P. Hofstenii.
h. Leaflets 5-8 pairs.
io2 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. V.
i. Densely glandular-tuberculate shrub 18. P. myriadenia'
i. Moderately glandular perennial herb i^a. P. boliviana*
var. Herrerae.
f. Leaflets 12-14 pairs 21. P. eosina.
d. Tall (3-8 dm.) erect shrubs or half -shrubs; leaflets 6-10
mm. long (cf. na).
e. Calyx-teeth very short or bracts persistent.
/. Calyx-teeth subequal 19. P. Onobrychis.
f. Calyx-teeth very unequal 20. P. pazensis.
e. Calyx-teeth one-half as long as tube; bracts caducous. . . . 16. P. azurea.
c. Calyx-teeth linear-subulate or subulate-tipped, usually as
long as or longer than the tube.
d. Young branches glabrous.
e. Leaflets oblong-spatulate 22. P. onobrychioides.
e. Leaflets linear-oblong-cuneate 23. P. elegans.
d. Young branches more or less, at least minutely, hairy.
e. Ciliate calyx-teeth lax, at least equalling the tube. . . . 24. P. astragalina.
e. Glabrous-pointed calyx-teeth rigid, shorter than the tube. .25. P. nova,
b. Calyx-tube glabrous without.
c. Calyx-teeth at least as long as the tube.
d. Peduncles mostly shorter than the subtending leaves 26. P. coerulea.
d. Peduncles mostly longer than the leaves.
e. Spikes in flower 2.5-3 cm. broad; leaflets mostly 1.5-2
cm. long 28. P. ayavacensis.
e. Spikes in flower 1-2 cm. broad; leaflets mostly 6-10 mm.
long 24. P. astragalina.
c. Calyx-teeth distinctly shorter than the tube 31. P. cylindrica.
SECTION IV
a. Leaflets 12-18 mm. long. 30. P. rubricaulis.
a. Leaflets 4-8 mm. long 31. P. Kuntzei.
1. P. EMPHYSODES (Jacq.) Rydb. N. Am. Fl. xxiv. 113 (1920). Pso-
ralea emphysodes Jacq. Coll. iv. 144 (1790). Venezuela to southern
Colombia, apparently Ecuador and, according to Rydberg, I.e., also in
Costa Rica and Porto Rico.
The Mexican, Central American and West Indian species (as defined
by Rydberg, I.e.) of the group to which P. emphysodes belongs are very
closely related. I question the validity of some of them and I also have
not been able to separate satisfactorily the evident variations or races
of the South American plant. Indeed, it may not be specifically dis-
tinct from one of the earlier described Central American forms. The
most diverse state occurs in Ecuador (Hitchcock 20120, Province of
Guayas) with less glandular calyx and mostly slender-peduncled spikes.
It suggests both P. microphylla and P. trichocalyx (for neither of which
I have authentic material) and may be a distinct species.
2. P. trichocalyx (Ulbrich), comb. nov. Dalea trichocalyx Ulbrich,
Rep. Nov. Spec. ii. 7 (1906). PERU: near Curaz, Dept. of Ancachs,
Weberbauer 2094 (not seen); between San Bartolome & Puente de
Verrugas, Dept. of Lima, Weberbauer 5212.
The Field Museum specimen consists only of a small branch and may
not represent Ulbrich's species, as it bears another (but unpublished)
SOUTH AMERICAN PAROSELAS 103
name by the same author. It appears, however, from description not
to be specifically distinct.
3. P. exilis (DC.), comb. nov. Dalea exilis DC. Prod. ii. 247 (1825).
PERU (not seen).
To judge from the original description this species resembles most
P. microphylla or its var. brevis. It is at once distinct from any described
species, however, by the diverse bracts. As DeCandolle emphasizes
this character by repetition it can hardly be an error in observation.
A further distinction from its apparent relatives is found in the glab-
rousness of the bracts.
4. P. MICROPHYLLA (HBK.) Rose, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. x. 106
(1906). Dalea microphylla HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. vi. 482 (1823).
ECUADOR: between Loja and Portovelo, Rose, Pachano & Rose 23350
(U.S., G.).
Although this material does not satisfy in all respects the require-
ments of the original description it does so essentially. Furthermore,
it comes from the same general region as the type. An immature speci-
men from Sorata, Bolivia (Mandon 701} suggests this species more
than any other.
4a. P. MICROPHYLLA (HBK.) Rose, var. brevis, var. nov., foliolis
5-9 jugis 4-7 mm. longis 2-3 mm. latis obovato-cuneatis obtusis vel
mucronulatis; spicis breviter pedunculatis circa i cm. longis; bracteis
calyce brevioribus ovato-acutis 2-2.5 mm.- longis, calycis lobis ovato-
acutis vix 1.5 mm. longis inferioribus paulo longioribus; tubo 2 mm.
longo ; floribus ut apud P. microphyllam. PERU : between Shumba and
Taen, Dept. of Cajamarca, April, 1912, Weberbauer 6191 (TYPE, Field
Museum) ; valley of the river Huancabamba near Las Huertas, Dept. of
Cajamarca, May, 1915, Weberbauer 7119.
If Weberbauer 7119 did not appear to conform more exactly than 6191
with the description of P. microphylla, I should regard the var. brevis
as representing a new species. That it is only a variant, however, with
shorter and broader calyx-lobes and shorter bracts seems probable also
from the fact that both Weberbauer specimens are from the type
region of P. microphylla.
5. P. vicina,spec. nov., fruticosa ut videtur i m. alta plus minusve;
ramis gracilibus certe erecto-patentibus, apice, 3-4 furcatis, parce sub-
adpresse pilosis et remote glanduloso-tuberculatis; foliis 1.5-2 cm.
longis, 13-21 (plerumque 1 5) -foliolatis; foliolis subsessilibus fere ovalibus
(basi subcuneatis) circa 3 mm. longis, fere 2.5 mm. latis, apice rotunda-
tis, subtus solum punctatis vel parce pilosis supra praecipue ad marginem
aliquid pubescentibus cum pilis subpatentibus mfirmis; spicis subcapi-
104 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. V.
tatis vel globosis; bracteis ovatis subabrupte caudato-acuminatis, circa
3 mm. longis calyce paulo brevioribus valde ciliatis dorso glanduloso-
punctatis fere glabris ; calycibus obscure et parce glandulosis, tubo villoso
circa 2 mm. longo; laciniis subulatis villosis fere 2 mm. longis; floribus
flavis ( ?) ut apud P. microphyttam sed solum circa 6 mm. longis ; ovario
villoso. PERU : between Olleros and the valley of the Quiros, Province
of Ayavaca, Dept. of Piura, May, 1912, Weberbauer 6350 (TYPE,
Field Museum).
P. vicina in many respects resembles its neighbor P. microphylla,
but that it is not referable to the latter as described, HBK., I.e., is
scarcely refutable in view of its subglobose spikes, pubescent leaves
and small flowers.
6. P. galbina, spec, nov., fruticosa 1-1.5 p- alta erecta stricta vel
remote ramosa, fere glabra; ramis subvirgatis, gracilibus, apice, circa
5-furcatis; ramulis mediocriter glanduloso-tuberculatis glabris vel infre-
quens parce pubescentibus cum aliquot pilis plus minusve patentibus;
foliis 8-10 mm. longis, 7-11 foliolatis; foliolis oblongo-elliptico-cuneatis
obtusis circa 2 mm. latis, 5 mm. longis crassiusculis utrinque punctatis,
glabris; spicis oblongis vel oblongo-linearibus 4-6 cm. longis, vix i cm.
crassis pedunculatis ; pedunculo circa 2 cm. longo sub spica dense
glanduloso et strigoso; bracteis subrotundatis abrupte cuspidatis dorso
valde convexis dense glandulosis minute strigosis circa 3 mm. longis;
calycibus villosis vel subhirsutis, tubo mediocriter glanduloso circa
2 mm. longo, laciniis subaequalibus subulatis vix 2 mm. longis e basi
circa .05 mm. latis; floribus flavo-viridis, fere i cm. longis; carina vexil-
lum alasque aequilongas multo excedente; vexillo circa 6 mm. longo
rotundato ad basim glanduloso-punctato. PERU: southwestern rock-
outcrops, Huanuco, April 26, 1923, Macbride 3500 (TYPE, Field
Museum).
Apparently this species does not resemble closely any described
Parosela. Probably, however, it bears some relationship to P. micro-
phylla, etc. The field-notes recorded the flowers as greenish-yellow with
two green spots on the lower portion of the standard. They did not fade
at all to brown or violet with age.
7. P. calocalyx (Ulbrich), comb. nov. Dalea calocalyx Ulbrich, Rep.
Nov. Spec. ii. 10 (1906). PERU: region of Matucana, Huillacachi
Valley, Dec. 28, 1901, Weberbauer (not seen).
This species appears from description to be related to the Aureae or
Flavae as defined by Rydberg, N. Am. Fl. xxiv. 67 (1920) rather than to
the Tuberculatae as suggested by the author. It may well belong to a
distinct and as yet undefined group of species.
8. P. sulfurea (Ulbrich), comb. nov. Dalea sulfurea Ulbrich, Rep.
Nov. Spec. ii. 5 (1906). PERU: below San Miguel, Dept. of Cajamarca,
5, 1904 Weberbauer (not seen).
SOUTH AMERICAN PAROSELAS 105
Although this procumbent shrub is compared by its author to Dalea
Mutisii Kunth, i.e. P, coerulea (L.f.) Macbr., the habit and the pubes-
cent calyx-tube with very short teeth do not suggest such a relationship.
9. P. Weberbaueri (Ulbrich), comb. nov. Dalea Weberbaueri Ulbrich,
Rep. Nov. Spec. ii. 9 (1906). PERU: between Tarma and Palea, Nov.
26, 1902, Weberbauer 1739 (not seen); near Tarma, Feb. 9, 1903, Weber-
bauer 2371 (not seen); heavy stony soil of steep southwestern slope,
Tarma, June 1-6, 1922, Macbride & Feaiherstone loij.
The wings and standard of the last mentioned collection were white,
turning purplish with age; the keel petals blue-purple from anthesis.
10. P. sericophylla (Ulbrich), comb. nov. Dalea sericophylla Ulbrich,
Rep. Nov. Spec. ii. 7 (1906). PERU: near Hualgayoc, Dept. of Caja-
marca, May 12, 1904, Weberbauer 4017 (not seen).
The author, I.e., does not find any near relatives for this plant but it
appears to be allied to P. tomentosa (Cav.) Rose by virtue of the crowded
spikes and other characteristics typifying that species.
11. P. HUMIFUSA (Benth.) Macbr. Contrib. Gray Herb. Ixv. 23
(1922). Dalea humifusa Benth. PI. Hartw. 170 (1845). ECUADOR:
Lehman 4789 (U.S.); near San Vicente, June 6, 1876, Andre 3536^
3550; Spruce 5033, 5840, 5866 (G); plains of Riobamba, Sept. 1864,
Jameson (U.S.) ; near Quito, Jameson 193 (G.); Quitensian Andes, 1855,
Couthouy (G.); near Riobamba, May, 1922, Mille 29 (U.S., G.).
This is somewhat variable in degree of pubescence, size of leaves and
habit. An extreme variation may be distinguished as
1 1 a. P. HUMIFUSA (Benth.) Macbr., var. anatona, var. nov., ramis
suberectis elongatis 3 dm. longis; foliolis 4 mm. longis. ECUADOR:
near Riobamba, 1922, Mille 60 (TYPE, U.S.).
12. P. catatona, spec, nov., fruticulosa; caulibus mediocriter numero-
sis flexuosis gracilibus procumbentibus 1-2 dm. longis; ramis glabris vel
juveiitate parce pubescentibus cum pilis aliquid patentibus, obscure
glanduloso-punctatis ; stipulis persistentibus setiformibus parce strigil-
losis circa 3 mm. longis; foliis 5-7 mm. longis, 7-9-f oliolatis ; foliolis
obovato-ovalibus plus minusve involutis circa 2 mm. longis, circa i mm.
latis, obtusis vel rotundatis, supraglabris, subtus strigillosis cum pilis
patentibus et minute glanduloso-punctatis; spicis longius pedunculatis
vix i cm. longis remotif loris ; bracteis ovato-acuminatis fere 3 mm.
longis calyce paulo brevioribus plus minusve pubescentibusque glandu-
loso-punctatis ; calycis dentibus ovato-acuminatis dense pubescentibus
tubo parce strigilloso brevioribus; floribus 3-5 circa 6 mm. longis;
carina alisque purpureis, vexillo flavido-albo minute rubro-punctato.
PERU: prostrate on sunny slope in shallow soils, Chasqui, Dept. of
Huanuco, July 27 Aug. 13, 1922, Macbride & Featherstone i??o
(TYPE, Field Museum).
io6 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. V.
P. catatona will probably be found restricted, like its abundantly
different relatives P. humifusa and P. Hofstenii, to the high Andes.
The type is from an altitude of about 10,500 feet.
13. P. peruviana, spec, nov., perennis; caulibus herbaceis, procum-
bentibus suberectis vel erectis sed semper f lexuosis mediocriter gracilibus
plerumque glabris quandoque juventate pilosis, plus minusve obscure
glanduloso-punctatis, 1.5-4 dm- longis, simplicibus vel remote ramosa;
stipulis filiformibus, 4-6 mm. longis; foliis 2-4 cm. longis, 7-i5-folio-
latis; foliolis ovalibus, apice rotundatis abrupte apiculatis, circa 3 (-5)
mm. longis, circa 1.5 (-2.5) mm. latis, glabris, subtus minute punctatis;
spicis terminalibus longius pedunculatis fructiferis oblongo-cylindraceis,
1.5-3.5 cm. longis, circa 7 mm. crassis; pedunculis 4 (2)-6 (10) cm.
longis; bracteis subovali-ellipticis submembranaceis glandulosis-punc-
tatis glabris abrupte caudato-acuminatis fere 6 mm. longis, calyce paulo
longioribus ; calycis dentibus ovato-acuminatis dense villosis tubo villoso
haud vel obscure glanduloso circa 2-plo-brevioribus; floribus circa 6 mm.
longis, carina alisque coeruleis vel ad marginem albis, vexillo albo vel
solum alis coeruleis. PERU: prostrate to nearly erect, Ambo, Dept. of
Huanuco, April 5, 1923, Macbride 3193 (TYPE, Field Museum); erect
on shrubby southern slope, Yanahuanca, Dept. of Huanuco, June 16-22,
1922, Macbride & Featherstone 1167; erect on stony southwestern slope,
Huanuco, April 26, 1923, Macbride 3507; prostrate on heavy stony soil
of steep southwestern hillside, Tarma, Dept. of Junin, June 1-6, 1922,
Macbride & Featherstone 1016; prostrate in firm disintegrated granite
of very rocky slope, Matucana, Dept. of Lima, April i2-May 3, 1922,
Macbride & Featherstone joi.
P. peruviana suggests P. exilis except for the elongate spikes and
uniform bracts.
14. P. BOLIVIANA (Britton) Macbr. Contrib. Gray Herb. Ixv. 23
(1922). Dalea boliviana Britton, Bull. Torr. Club, xvi. 259 (1889).
D. retusifolia Harms ex Kuntze, Rev. Gen. iii. 59 (1898)? BOLIVIA:
open stony banks above La Paz, petals violet, May 19-20, 1925, Pennell
14259; near La Paz, April, 1885, Rusby 959 (G., Phil., F.) ; near La Paz,
1889, Bang 106 (G., Phil., F.); La Paz, 1919, Buchtien 1594 (U.S.)
and 555; also 1907 Buchtien 3132 (U.S.), 1394 (G.), and 1912, 134
(G., F.); near La Paz, 1861, Mandon 702 (G.).
I have not seen Dr. Harms' species and hesitate therefore to key it
out as distinct with the necessity of making a new combination since
the description does not convince me that it is a specifically recogniz-
able form. The author distinguishes D. retusifolia from P. boliviana by
the longer (5 mm.) calyx and purple-violet flowers. However this des-
scription characterizes P. boliviana!
i4a. P. BOLIVIANA (Britton) Macbr., var. Herrerae, var. nov., P.
boliviana peraffinis; caulibus subglabris; foliis glabris 1.5-3 cm - longis,
SOUTH AMERICAN PAROSELAS 107
plerumque 9-i5-foliolatis; foliolis oblongo-obovatis subemarginatis 4-6
mm. longis, fere 2.5 mm. latis; bracteis glabris, basi plus minusve char-
tacea, apice valde glanduloso-punctatis, abrupte aristatis, circa 5 mm.
longis; calycibus mediocriter subadpresse villosis 4-5 mm. longis; laci-
niis vix 1.5 mm. longis. PERU: rocky slope of canyon, San Sebastian,
Dept. of Cusco, April 25, 1925, Pennell 13602 (TYPE, Field Museum);
Cusco, July, 1923, Herrera (U.S.); Ollantaytambo, Dept. of Cusco,
April 26, 1915, Cook & Gilbert 322 (U.S.) ; Ayacucho, May, 1910, Weber-
bauer 5526?
From the collections at hand this appears to merit specific rank but
its salient character glabrous abruptly aristate bracts is likely to be
found exhibiting variations toward P. bolivana when both the Peruvian
and Bolivian plants become better known. It is a pleasure to name this
interesting variant after the well-known student of the Cusco flora, Dr.
F. L. Herrera of the University of Cusco.
15. P. Pennellii, spec, nov., P. boliviano, affinis, caudice lignoso-
caulibus, ut videtur suberectis, minute strigillosis vix glanduloso-tuber,
culatis rubicundis, gracilibus simplicibus vel, apice, parce ramosa;
1.5-3 dm. longis; foliis plerumque 3 cm. longis; 9-11 foliolatis; foliolis
oblongo-ovalibus basi subcuneatis apice rotundatis vel subretusis, circa
6 mm. longis, 3 mm. latis, viridibus, utrinque plus minusve adpresse
strigillosis, subtus etiam obscure punctatis; spicis longius pedunculatis
ovato-cylindraceis vel fructiferis oblongis plerumque 3-6 cm. longis;
pedunculis saepius 8 cm. longis; bracteis caducissimis ovato-lanceolatis
subabrupte caudato-acuminatis circa 6 mm. longis calyce paulo longiori-
bus dense molliter pilosis minute et obscure punctatis ; calycibus mem-
branaceis haud glandulosis, dense pilosis, tubo vix 3 mm. longo ; laciniis
subulatis basi ovatis subaequalibus, circa 1.5 mm. longis; floribus 10-12
mm. longis; carina alisque purpureis, vexillo pallidis vel flavido-albo,
minute flavo-punctato. PERU: open sandy soil above Arequipa, April
7-16, 1925, Pennell 13171 (TYPE, Field Museum); above Salamanca,
Dept. of Arequipa, March, 1914, Weberbauer 68 '54?
There are a number of differences between this beautiful species of
Peru and P. boliviano, notably the minutely silky leaves, the softly
pubescent bracts, that are promptly caducous, the sparse glandular-
tuberculosity, etc. The purple color in the flowers was recorded by the
collector as "mulberry purple".
16. P. azurea (Phil.), comb, nov., Psoralea azurea Phil. Fl. Atac. 14
(1860). Dalea, azurea (Phil.) Reiche, Fl. Chile, ii. 77 (1898). CHILE:
vicinity of Paposo, Prov. Antofagasta, Dept. Taltal, Dec. 8, 1925,
Johnston 5584, 5585; also at Aguada Panulcito, Prov. Antofagasta,
Dec. 5, 1925, Johnston 5455.
I have been able to include this interesting species wholly obscure
to me from the description because of the thoughtfulness of Dr. John-
ston who sent me the specimens cited before they had become available in
io8 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. V.
the Gray Herbarium mounted collection. P. azurea suggests both P.
boliviano, and P. pazensis from each of which it may be distinguished by
the promptly caducous bracts. When I first saw it I was reminded of
P. Pennellii but it is too shrubby for that species and its mature leaves
are glabrous. Johnston's field notes described it as a "depressed shrub
1.5-3 dm. tall and 6-12 m. broad; standard white, wing and keel blue"
(5455} ; a "loose widely spreading bush 3-6 dm. tall and 6-12 dm. broad;
flowers blue" (5584); or "stems decumbent; flowers rich blue" (5585},
this number from the type locality compared by Johnston with the
Philippi type at Santiago.
17. P. Hof stenii (Fries), comb. nov. Dalea Hofstenii Fries, Nov,
Act. Soc. Sci. Upsal. Ser. 4, i., no. I. 132 (1905). D. callianiha Ulbrich.
Rep. Spec. Nov. ii. n (1906). P. callianiha (Ulbrich) Macbr. Contrib.
Gray Herb. Ixv. 23 (1922). BOLIVIA: Puna Patanca, March 26, 1904,
Fiebrig 3189 (G.). ARGENTINA: Moreno, Jujuy, Dec. 15, 1901, Fries
927 (U.S.).
1 8. P. myriadenia (Ulbrich), comb. nov. Dalea myriadenia Ulbrich.
Rep. Nov. Spec. ii. 9 (1906). PERU: above Balsas, Chachapoyas, Dept
of Amazonas, Weberbauer 4279 (not seen) .
19. P. Onobrychis (DC.), comb. nov. Dalea Onobrychis DC. Prod. ii.
247 (1825). PERU: moist western slope, Matucana, April i2-May 3,
1922, Macbride & Featherstone 347; also gravelly river bluff, 244.
In Contrib. Gray Herb. Ixv. 23 (1922) I recorded my inclination to
agree with Ball's interpretation of D. Onobrychis as a synonym of D.
Mutisii, i. e. D. coerulea, cf. Journ. Bot. xxii. 36 (1885). The reason-
ableness of this now seems to me to be questionable. In the first place
De Candolle's own characterization does not agree with his under-
standing of D. Mutisii and in the second place there are now before me
the Peruvian collections cited above which either represent a new species
or D. Onobrychis. They agree exactly with the description of De Can-
dolle's plant but unfortunately his diagnosis fails to record a salient
character, namely the nature of the calyx-lobes. The calyx of the
Macbride & Featherstone specimens is sparsely long-villous, about 3.5
mm. long, the ovate shortly subulate-tipped teeth scarcely i mm. long.
The leaflets are mostly 8-10 mm. long. Number 244 was much branched
and spreading, 2-3 feet high, with dark blue keel petals, the wings and
standard in part greenish-white. The flowers of 347 were recorded
as very dark blue.
20. P. PAZENSIS (Rusby) Macbr. Contrib. Gray Herb. Ixv. 23 (1922).
Dalea pazensis Rusby, Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, iii. pt. 3. 18 (1893).
SOUTH AMERICAN PAROSELAS 109
D. tapacariensis Harms ex Kuntze, Rev. Gen. iii. 59 (1898)? BOLIVIA:
La Paz, 1919, Buchtien 554 (U.S.); Cotana, 1911, Buchtien 3193, 3194
(U.S.), and 162 (G.,F.); Cochabamba, 1909, Buchtien 2384 (U.S.),
and Holway 401, 333 (U.S.,G.); Rio Palco Valle, Bro. Julio 7 (U.S.);
La Granja, Dec. 1925, Bro. Julio 131 (U.S.); near La Paz, 1890, Bang
678 (G., Phil., U.S.,F.); vicinity of Sorata, 1889, Mandon 699 (G.)?;
Rio Tapacari, 1892, Kuntzet PERU: Dept. of Cuzco, Oct. i839-Feb.
1840, Gay (G.)?
This shrub, P. boliviana, and other apparent segregates may con-
stitute one species but at present any attempt to give them relative
taxonomic values would seem to be inexpedient.
21. P. eosina, spec, nov., perennis sed haud fruticosa; caulibus her-
baceis adscendentibus vel suberectis flexuosis mediocriter gracilibus
basi ad apicem parce strigillosis, 2-3 dm. longis; stipulis filiformibus
circa 2 cm. longis; foliis circa 2 cm. longis; foliolis plerumque 10-14
jugis, glabris, subtus parce glanduloso-punctatis, oblongis minute retu-
sis basi subcuneatis, 3-4 mm. longis, circa i mm. latis ; spicis circa 4 cm.
longis; bracteis valde convexis suborbiculatis abrupte aristatis circa
6 mm. longis plus minusve pilosis et glandulosis; calycibus mediocriter
villosis ut videtur haud glandulosis, tubo circa 3 mm. longo; laciniis
late subulatis (basi ovata), circa i mm. longis; floribus violaceis (?),
8-10 mm. longis. BOLIVIA: Tucumilla near Tarija, Nov. 30, 1903,
Fiebrig 2442 (TYPE, Gray Herbarium; also U.S.).
This species was distributed as D. pectinata Kunth, a Mexican plant
which it suggests only in a general way. It is more suggestive of D.
elegans Gill, ex Hook. Bot. Misc. iii. 183 (1833), of Argentina, which,
however, it can scarcely be, for that is described as shrubby, glabrous,
erect, with leaflets very glandular beneath and calyx-lobes setaceous.
22. P. onobrychioides (Griseb.), comb. nov. Dalea onobrychioides
Griseb. Goett. Abh. xix. 118 (70 in reprint) (1874). ARGENTINA: Can-
yon of San Lorenzo near Salta, March, 9, 1873, Lorentz & Hieronymus
5J7(U.S.,F.).
23. P. elegans (Gillies), comb. nov. Dalea elegans Gillies ex Hook.
Bot. Misc. iii. 183 (1833). ARGENTINA: El Cerro del Moro, Prov. of
San Luis, Gillies (not seen).
24. P. astragalina (HBK.) Killip, ex herb. Dalea astragalina HBK.
Nov. Gen. & Sp. vi. 484 (1823). ECUADOR: Huigra, Province of
Chimborazo, 1923, Hitchcock 20302, 20368 (U.S.); vicinity of Huigra,
1918, Rose & Rose 22139 (G..U.S.); Pichincha, 1855, Couthouy (G.,
1 P. oblongifolia Rushy, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. vii. 262 (1927) would "key" to
this species. It is comparable to P. boliviana and allies but is moderately pubes-
cent, as P. Pennellii. The bracts are persistent.. BOLIVIA: Espia, White 608, (G.,
courtesy Dr. Johnston).
no FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. V.
Phil.) ; vicinity of Quito, 1918, Rose & Rose 23545 (U.S..G.) ; also Jame-
son (U.S.,G.) ; vicinity of Cuenca, Rose, Pachano & Rose 22937 (U.S..G.) ;
Riobamba, Aug. u, 1920, Holway (G.); Ambato, Province of Tun-
gurahua, 1919, Pachano 118 (U.S.); also Tale 544 (U.S.); Provinces
Imbarbura & Pachincha, 1923, Hitchcock 20816 (U.S.).
The specimens cited after the Jameson one have the calyx-tube more
or less pubescent, but appear to possess no other distinguishing char-
acteristics. The flowers of this species apparently are blue.
25. P. nova (Ulbrich), comb. nov. Dalea nova Ulbrich, Rep. Nov.
Spec, ii 5 (1906). ECUADOR: vicinity of Cuenca, 1918, Rose, Pachano
& Rose 22815 (U.S.); Loja, 1918, Rose, Pachano & Rose 23303 (U.S.,
G.);Huigra, 1923, Hitchcock 20745 (U.S.). PERU: above San Pablo,
Dept. of Cajamarca, April 26, 1904, Weberbauer 3838 (not seen); Prov-
ince of Chachapoyas, Mathews (G.) ; Uspachaca, Dept. of Junin, June
23, 1922, Macbride & Featherstone 1302.
If I am right in my interpretation of P. nova, it grows, at least at
times, with P. astragalina, of which it may be only a variety. However,
the nature of the calyx-lobes, as indicated in the key, appears to be
definitely different and the flowers apparently are violet, rather than
blue. The Macbride & Featherstone specimen is not typical but, except
for a greater number of leaflets (sometimes as many as n pairs), it
seems referable to P. nova.
26. P. COERULEA (L.f.) Macbr. Contrib. Gray Herb. Ixv. 23 (1922).
Galega coerulea L.f. Suppl. 335 (1781). Dalea coerulea (L.f.) Schinz &
Thellung, Mem. Soc. Neuchat. Sci. Nat. v. 370 (1913). D. Mutisii
Kunth, Mim, 161 (1824). COLOMBIA: Bogota, Oct., 1917, 1920, Bro.
Ariste- Joseph Ai6o (U.S.); Bogota, Nov. 22, 1852, Holton (G.,Phil.);
Chipaque, Bro. Ariste-J oseph (U.S.) ; southwest of Las Cruces, Bogota,
Sept. 24-25, 1917, Pennell2i84 (U.S.) ; Rio San Francisco, above Bogota,
Sept. 27-29, 1917, Pennell 2215 (U.S.,G., F.); below Jambalo, Cauca,
Feb. 5, 1906, Pittier 1447; near Rio Cauca, Dept. of Cauca, June 18,
1922, Killip 6881 (U.S.).
27. P. Killippii, spec, nov., fruticosa ut videtur erecta, mediocriter
ramosa, aliquot dm. (vel i m.) alta ; ramulis (et ramis ?) molliterque valde
cum pilis paulo fulvescentibus villosis ; stipulis f iliformibus circa 7 mm.
longis; foliis utrinque cum pilis subadpresse sericeo-strigosis ; foliolis
3-5-jugis, oblongo-ellipticis vel basi subcuneatis abrupte apiculatis,
circa i cm. longis, 6 mm. latis, subtus haud ( ?) vel obscure glanduloso-
punctatis, costa media prominente; spicis subpaniculatis, vix peduncu-
latis, oblongo-linearibus, 3-10 cm. longis, circa i cm. crassis; bracteis
persistentibus ovato-lanceolatis basi scariosis parce glandulosis valde
convexis sensim caudato-acuminato circa 10 mm. longis, subadpresse
villosis ; calycibus fructiferis circa 8 mm. longis, laciniis setaceis 4-5 mm.
longis, valde ciliatis; tubo glabro sed copiose striato-glanduloso, circa
SOUTH AMERICAN PAROSELAS in
3 mm. longo; corolla ut videtur coerulea vel purpurea calycem paulo
superanti ; capsula dense villosa minute glanduloso-punctata. ECUADOR
vicinity of Nabon, Sept. 26, 1918, Rose, Pachano & Rose 23033 (TYPE,
U.S., also G.).
The silvery pubescence and the nature of the calyx serve to dis-
tinguish this species easily from P. coerulea. The calyx-glands are con-
fluent into striae. Mr. E. P. Killlip marked the type sheet "n.sp."
but erased his choice of name: I have selected l 'Killippii" as most
appropriate.
28. P. AYAVACENSIS (HBK.) Macbr. Field Mus. Publ. Bot. iv. 86
(1925). Dalea ayavacensis HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. vi. 486 (1823).
D. longispicata Ulbrich, Rep. Nov. Spec. ii. 6 (1906). PERU: Tambillo,
Dept. of Huanuco, May, 8, 1923, Macbride 3576; between Tambo and
Rio Apurimac, Dept. of Ayacucho, May, 1910, Weberbauer 5570; 15
miles s.e. of Huanuco, May 3i-June 3, 1922, Macbride & Featherstone
206*5; valley of the Rio Choimacota, Dept. of Ayacucho, March n, 1926,
Weberbauer 7580; Tomaiquichua, near Ambo, Dept. of Huanuco, Sept.
19, 1922, Macbride & Featherstone 2427.
The last cited specimen in all probability represents D. longispicata,
I.e. It seems to be only a very mature specimen. As the author re-
marks, an old rachis with the calyces fallen, resembles a pine branchlet
with the needles gone, so prominent are the calyx-attachments. This,
however, seems to be a development at least in part associated with
age and at any rate, as there seem to be no good concomitant characters,
is scarcely a specific distinction. It is possible, however, that none of
the specimens represent true P. ayavacensis of northern Peru, but rather
D. longispicata.
29. P. Fieldii, spec, nov., fruticosa laxe ramosa ubique plus minusve
pubescentibus ; ramis suberecto-patentibus 6-12 dm. longis mediocriter
f lexuosis ; ramulis gracilibus basi ad apicem fere aequabiliter foliosissimis
aliquid glanduloso-punctatis subadpresseque crispe hirtellis vel strigil-
losis; stipulis pilosis setaceis 4-6 mm. longis; foliis 1.5-2.5 cm. longis;
foliolis circa 5 (-7) -jugis, utrinque subadpresse sericeo-strigosis vel
subviridibus sed numquam subglabris, oblongo ovalibus apice acutis,
6-9 mm. longis, 2-fere 5 mm. latis; spicis pedunculatis ex ovatis demum
cylindraceis circa 4 cm. longis, 2 cm. crassis, plus minusve mutantibus;
pedunculatis plerumque 5 cm. longis; bracteis setaceis basi ovatis
scariosis convexis, circa 5 mm. longis dense subadpresse piloso-hirtellis;
calycibus minute glanduloso-punctatis dense villoso-hirsutis, tubo circa
2 mm. longo; laciniis setaceis (basi ovatis) subaequalibus, 2 vel fere
2.5 mm. longis; floribus circa 10 mm. longis; carina alisque caerulea,
vexillo albo sed ad marginem caeruleo. PERU: shrubby canyon side,
Huariaca, Dept. of Junin, April 3, 1923, Macbride 3117 (TYPE, Field
Museum) ; also Macbride 3108.
ii2 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. V.
It is fitting to commemorate the Capt. Marshall Field botanical
expeditions to Peru by naming this beautiful new species for their
sponsor. It is a low, very bushy half-shrub producing an abundance
of spikes of dark blue flowers. Its very pubescent foliage and calyx
separate it at once from other species having setaceous calyx-teeth.
Perhaps it is related to P. sericophylla but that has shorter calyx-teeth,
only 3-4 pairs of leaflets and somewhat paniculate spikes.
30. P. rubricaulis (Ulbrich), comb. nov. Dalea rubricaulis Ulbrich,
Meded. Rijks Herb, xxvii. 50 (1915). BOLIVIA: valley of the Rio de la
Vieja, March, 1911, Herzog ijna (not seen).
Allied, by the author, to P. boliviano, but certainly very distinct by
virtue of the extremely long and narrow leaflets.
31. P. Kuntzei (Harms), comb. nov. Dalea Kuntzei Harms ex Kuntze
Rev. Gen. iii. 59 (1898). BOLIVIA: Sierra de Santa Cruz, Kuntze.
32. P. CYLINDRICA (Hook.) Macbr. Contrib. Gray Herb. Ixv. 23
(1922). Dalea cylindrica Hook. Bot. Misc. ii. 213 (1831). D. saman-
coensis Ulbrich, Rep. Nov. Spec. ii. 8 (1906). P. rubricaulis Rusby, Bull.
N.Y. Bot. Gard. vi. 511 (1910). PERU: Arequipa, Aug. 8, 1901,
Williams 2523 (U.S.); 1838-42 Wilkes (U.S., G.); Arequipa, 1892,
Douglas (G,); Arequipa, April 7-16, 1925, Pennell 13155, 13153; San
Buenaventura, Dept. of Lima, June 17, 1925, Pennell 14549 ; along Rio
Chillon, above Obrajillo, Dept. of Lima, June 13-23, 1925, Pennell
14374-
A rather anomalous species related, perhaps, as Hooker suggests, to
P. coerulea and its relatives, but also possessing characters that seem
to ally it to P. calocalyx and its associates. The original specimens came
from the valley of Canta (Central Peru), but I have been unable to
separate the plant of Arequipa described as P. rubricaulis. The rachis
varies from glabrous to hairy, the leaves from 6-15 mm. long, the habit
from erect and forming clumps to low and lax. And of still greater
interest, the color of the flowers is sometimes "sulfur yellow changing to
rosolane purple" (Pennell 14374), sometimes "violet" (Pennell 14549)
or "violet-purple" (Pennell 131 55} or again "amethyst violet" (Pennell
I 3 I 53)- Furthermore Weberbauer 3136 (D. samancoensis} had a yellow-
ish-white standard and Pennell 14549 has faded in drying to yellowish-
white, at least in part. In spite of the fact that the color of the flowers
elsewhere in the genus is correlated with characters peculiar to the
species concerned, such does not seem to be the case here.
33. P. Jamesonii, spec, nov., fruticosa, ut videtur erecta et circa i m.
alta mediocriter ramosa; ramis ramulisque fere glabris vel adpresse
FURTHER PERUVIAN PSORALEAS 113
strigillosis parce vel obscure glanduloso-tuberculatis ; stipulis persis-
tentibus sericeo-strigosis setaceis, 2-3 mm. longis; foliis circa 3 cm.
longis, 9-i3-foliolatis; foliolis oblongo-ellipticis, circa 8 mm. longis, 3
mm. latis, apice subrotundatis apiculatis, basi subcuneatis, supra glabris,
subtus nigro-punctatis et paulo adpresse strigillosis vel subglabris;
racemis pedunculatis solum mediocriter congestis 1.5-2 cm. longis;
pedunculis gracilibus remote vel baud glanduloso-tuberculatis adpresse
strigillosis, 3-5 cm. longis; pedicellis erectis dense strigosis (etiam rachis)
brevissimis, vix i mm. longis; bracteis prompte deciduis late ovato-
lanceolatis circa 5 mm. longis sensim caudato-acuminatis, adpresse
strigillosis parce glanduloso-punctatis ; calycibus circa 7 mm. longis,
tubo glabro lucido mediocriter glanduloso circa 4 mm. longo; laciniis
ovato-subulatis subadpresse strigosis circa 3 mm. longis; floribus circa
12 mm. longis; carina alisque ut videtur caeruleis, vexillo in sicco pallidis
dense glanduloso. ECUADOR: Guaceo, Prov. of Cuenca, Sept., 1864,
Jameson (TYPE, U.S.) ; vicinity of Azogues, Prov. of Cuenca, Sept. 16,
1918, Rose & Rose 22790 (U.S.).
As noted by Killip on the type sheet this was referred by Jameson,
Syn. PI. Aeq. i. 147 (1865), to P. ayavacensis. It has indeed the general
aspect of that species and its relatives P. astragalina and P. coerulea.
But all of these are described as having sessile flowers! It is scarcely
conceivable that the distinctly developed pedicels, though short and
thick, could escape notice. However, even if one disregards them P.
Jamesonii appears to be distinct enough by virtue of its comparatively
short, and strigose, calyx-teeth.
2. FURTHER PERUVIAN PSORALEAS
Psoralea remotiflora, spec, nov., fruticosa 2-3 m. alta; ramulis
pedunculis petiolisque minute subadpresse strigillosis vel subglabris
parce cum glandulis sessilibus glandulif eris ; foliis obscure sed medio-
criter dense fulvo-punctatis, glabris; petiolo circa 5 cm. longo; stipulis
ovato-acuminatis adpresse strigillosis circa 3 mm. longis ; foliolis ovato-
lanceolatis basi subrotundatis apice acuminatis sed abrupte apiculatis,
6-8 cm. longis, circa 2.5 cm. latis; spicis etiam ante anthesin laxifloris
post anthesin circa 12 cm. longis mediocriter dense cum pilis albisque
negris strigosis, pedunculis circa 12 cm. longis; floribus plus minusve
fasciculatis (vel solitariis) ; bracteis ovato-lanceolatis mediocriter abrupte
acuminatis circa 6 mm. longis ; bracteis calycisque eglandulosis strigosis
cum pilis adpressis nigris et albis intermixtis; calycibus circa 8 mm.
longis, tubo fere 5 mm. longo; laciniis subaequalibus auguste ovato-
lanceolatis acutis, circa 3 mm. longis; corolla 10 mm. longa violacea
Dauphinae. PERU: open, rocky slopes, Tingo, Dept. of Arequipa,
April 8, 1925, Pennell 13146 (TYPE, Field Museum).
This seems to be unique because of the very remotely flowered spikes.
In some characters it approaches P. maleolens Macbr. Field Mus. Publ.
Bot. iv. 82 (1925) from which it differs radically, not only as regards the
ii4 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. V.
inflorescence but also as to size of flowers and leaves. In other respects
it suggests P. yurensis Rusby, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. vi. 511 (1910) but
that has the dense spikes usual to all Peruvian species except P. remoti-
flora and is differently pubescent both as to character and distribution.
PSORALEA PEATHERSTONEI Macbr. Field. Mus. Publ. Bot. iv. 84
(1925). This species has been secured by Dr. Pennell from along the Rio
Chillon, above Obrajillo, Dept. of Lima, number 14371. His material
matches the type from Matucana except that the branches are some-
what less pubescent.
PSORALEA POTENS Macbr. Field Mus. Publ. Bot. iv. 85 (1925). Dr.
Pennell's 13632 from San Sebastian, Dept. of Cusco, extends the
range of this species from Tarma, Dept. of Junin, the type locality.
It is most readily distinguished from P. Featherstonei by the strongly
glandular calyx, even in bud.
3. AN EARLIER NAME FOR MUEHLENBECKIA
WITH NOTES ON A FEW SPECIES
CALACINUM Raf.Fl. Tellur. ii. 33-34 (1837). Karkinetron Raf.,
I.e. iii. 11(1838). Sarcogonum G. Don in Sweet, Hort. Brit. Ed.3. 577
(1839). Conobaea Bert, ex Steud. Nom. Ed. 2. i 404 (1840). Muehlen-
beckia Meisn. Gen. 316 (1840) et Comm. 227 (1840).
In the course of determining some Peruvian material of Muehlen-
beckia and especially a specimen of M. chilensis Meisn. secured by Mr.
C. C. Sanborn on the Capt. Marshall Field Chilean Expedition of 1923,
my attention was called to Dr. Rusby's reference of the plant to Sar-
cogonum, Bull. Torr. Club, xxvii. 128 (1900). However, as may be seen
from the citations listed above, the earliest name for this group is rather
Calacinum Raf., validly published and apparently in every respect
tenable. Possibly Dr. Rusby regarded Sarcogonum as genetically dis-
tinct, but as usual he makes the transfer without explanatory comment.
No one else seems to have proposed any modification in the definition
of Muehlenbeckia, the genus remaining intact even under so recent a
worker as Jaretzky, Rep. Spec. Nov. xxii. 82 (1925).
The following species are represented in the herbarium of the Field
Museum.
CALACINUM ADPRESSUM (Labill.) Raf. Fl. Tellur. ii. 34 (1837).
Polygonum adpressum Labill. Nov. Holl. PI. i. 99. t.i27 (1804). Muehl-
enbeckia adpressum (Labill.) Meisn. Comm. 227 (1840).
MUEHLENBECKIA 115
CALACINUM AUSTRALE (Forst.f.) Raf. Fl. Tellur. ii. 34 (1837). Cocco-
loba australis Forst.f. Prod. 29. 11.176 (1797). Muehlenbeckia australis
(Forst.f.) Meisn. Comm. 227 (1840).
Calacinum axillare (Hook.f.), comb. nov. Polygonum axillare Hook.f.
in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. vi. 278 (1847). Muehlenbeckia axillaris
(Hook.f.) Walp. Ann. i. 552 (1848-49).
Calacinum complexum (A. Cunn.), comb. nov. Polygonum com-
plexum A. Cunn. Ann. Nat. Hist. Ser. i.i. 455 (1838). Muehlenbeckia
complexa (A. Cunn.) Meisn. Comm. 227 (1840).
Calacinum diclinum (F. Muell.), comb. nov. Polygonum diclinum F.
Muell. Trans. Phil. Soc. Viet. i. 23 (1855) and Hook. Kew Journ. viii. 203
(1856). Muehlenbeckia polyganoides F. Muell. Fragm. v. 73 (1865-66).
Calacinum ephedrioides (Hook.f.), comb. nov. Muehlenbeckia
ephedrioides Hook.f. Fl. Nov. Zel. i. 211 (1853).
Calacinum platycladum (F. Muell.), comb. nov. Polygonum platy-
cladum F. Muell. Trans. Phil. Inst. Viet. ii. 73 (1858). Muehlenbeckia
platyclados Meisn. Bot. Zeit. xxiii. 313 (1865).
Calacinum fruticulosum (Walp.), comb. nov. Polygonum fruticu-
losum Walp. Nov. Act. Ac. Leopold, xix (1843): Supp. i. 407. Sarco-
gonum fruticulosum (Walp.) Rusby, Mem. Torr. Club, iv. 251 (1895).
Muehlenbeckia rupestris Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. Sr. 3. xiii. 256 (1850).
This plant is either variable in habit or more than one species has
been included under the name fruticulosum or rupestris. Weddell, I.e.,
cites the former as a synonym of his plant and, if one may judge from
description, Walper's fruticulosum is indeed the same. But both Wal-
per's and Weddell's characterizations suggest very strongly Bentham's
Polygonum volcanicum to which their species possibly should be referred.
In this case the material that has been currently passing in herbaria as
rupestris (i.e. fruticulosum) would require a new name. It appears to be
distinguishable, however, mainly, if not entirely, by its erect or sub-
erect and bushy habit, attaining a height of even i meter. Macbride
& Feather stone 245 from Matucana, Peru, alt. 8000 ft., noted as semi-
erect, agrees more nearly than most herbarium material with the original
descriptions of fruticulosum and rupestris. Such specimens as Weber-
bauer 7483 from Carumas, Prov. Moquegua, Peru, and Buchtien 519
and Bang 132 from La Paz, Bolivia, apparently represent an extreme
development of the same plant as an erect shrub.
Calacinum volcanicum (Benth.), comb. nov. Polygonum volcanicum
Benth. PI. Hartw. 81 (1841). Muehlenbeckia volcanica Endl. Gen. Suppl.
u6 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. V.
iv. ii. 51 (1847). M. vukanica Meisn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 148 (1856).
M. rupestris Wedd., var. nivalis Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. 3. xiii. 256
(1850), probably.
Two collections of this species were made on the Capt. Marshall
Field Botanical Expedition to Peru in 1923: Macbride 3002 at 15000
ft. near Rio Blanco, Dept. of Lima, and Macbride 4406 at 13000 ft. in
patches on mossy rocky upland near Tambo de Vaca, Dept. of Huan-
uco. They match closely the figure in Weddell, Chloris Andina, ii.
pl.89 (1857).
Calacinum sagittifolium (Ort.), comb. nov. Coccoloba sagittifolia
Ort. Dec. v. 60 (1797-1800). Polygonum acetosaefolium Vent. Jard.
Cels. 88. t. 88 (1800). Muehlenbeckia sagittifolia (Ort. Meisn. Comm. ii.
227 (1840).
Calacinum hastulatum (Smith), comb. nov. Rumex hastulatus
Smith in Rees Cycl. 29 (1802-20). Muehlenbeckia chilensis Meisn., var.
fascicularis Meisn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 149 (1856); var. injucunda (Lindl.)
Meisn., I.e.
As the nature of the inflorescence appears to be a specific character
in this genus, Meisner's variety may appropriately be treated as spe-
cifically distinct from the next which is characterized by elongate and
more or less open racemes.
Calacinum chilense (Meisn.), comb. nov. Muehlenbeckia chilensis
Meisn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 148 (1856).
Calacinum tamnifolium (HBK.), comb. nov. Polygonum tamni-
folium HBK. Nov. Gen. et. Sp. ii. 180 (1817). Muehlenbeckia tamni-
folia (HBK.) Meisn. Comm. ii. 227 (1840). Sarcogonum tamnifolium
(HBK.) Rusby, Mem. Torr. Club, vi. in (1896).
Macbride & Featherstone 1221, pendant 20 or more feet from canyon
walls at Yanahuanca, Dept. of Huanuco, seems to be referable to this
variable species. This Peruvian material may represent M. Steubelii
Lindau ex Hieron. Bot. Jahrb. xxi. 307 (1895), sa -id to differ from tam-
nifolium in its subsimple inflorescences and attenuate leaf-bases. These
are characters of very doubtful significance, however, since they are
exhibited in varying degree in tamnifolium as interpreted by Meisn.
in DC. Prod. xiv. 149. According to his apparently reasonable treat-
ment M. Steubelii would be included in M. tamnifolia (HBK.) Meisn.,
var. Hartwegii Meisn., I.e. The plant is known at Yanahuanca, Peru,
as "Huano negro".
Calacinum leptobotrys (Meisn.), comb. nov. Muehlenbeckia lepto-
botrys Meisn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 149 (1856).
NEW PERUVIAN MALESHERBIAS 117
This species appears to be represented by Macbride 3166, on shrubs,
fruit purplish-black, Ambo, Dept. of Huanuco, Peru. It is very close
to M. tamnifolia, var. laxiflora Meisn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 149 (1856),
as suggested by its author, and perhaps is not specifically distinct.
Calacinum tiliaefolia (Wedd.), comb. nov. Muehlenbeckia tiliaefolia
Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. 3. xiii. 255 (1850).
Dr. Standley has referred here Macbride & Featherstone 754, trailing
over rocks and shrubs, Viso, Dept. of Lima, Peru, and it agrees fairly
well with the original diagnosis. The herbaceous branches, particularly,
are strongly angled. Some of the larger leaves on these are 1 1 cm. long
and 8 cm. wide and are very abruptly short acuminate or apiculate.
The pubescence is minute and sparse, especially on the upper surfaces.
The spreading branches of the inflorescences are 3-4 cm. long and rather
openly flowered. Pennell 14447 from thickets along Rio Chillon near
Viscas, Dept. of Lima is the same.
Calacinum peruvianum (Meisn.), comb. nov. Mwhlenbeckia Peru-
viana Meisn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 150 (1856).
Perhaps, as Meisner, I.e., suggests, this is only a variety of the fore-
going but if Macbride 4165 (in flower) and 4189 (in fruit) from Huacachi,
near Muna, Dept. of Huanuco, Peru, represent it, it appears to be
distinct. The branches are striate rather than angled (or obscurely
so), the leaves are much smaller (2.5-4 cm - long, 2 "3 cm. wide), thicker,
veinier and more densely pubescent, and the inflorescence-branches are
densely flowered.
4. NEW PERUVIAN MALESHERBIAS
Malesherbia ardens, spec, nov., fruticosa erecta non vel vix ramosa
.5 m. alta ; caulibus (parti superiori) molliter cinereo-villosis et cum pilis
nonnullis longioribusfirmiusculisintermixtis; foliis caulinis superioribus
flavescentibus sessilibus oblongo-lanceolatis 3-4 cm. longis 6-12 mm.
latis apice obtusis, basi cuneatis inaequaliter crispe crenato-dentatis vel
profunde serratis imprimis ad basin utrinque mediocriter subadpresse
hirsutis margine valde ciliatis cum pilis aliquid f ulvescentibus ; foliis
racemis similibus paullo reductis; racemis 1-3 dm. (plus minusve)
longis; pedicellis 1-1.5 cm - longis; bracteis anguste oblongo-lanceolatis
circa i cm. longis; receptaculo cylindrico 2.5-3 cm - longo, 8-10 mm.
lato, medio paullo inflate leviter piloso; sepalis ovato-acutis circa 6 mm.
longis, basi 2 mm. lata; petalis anguste oblongo-lanceolatis circa 5 mm.
longis ; corona circa 3 mm. alta profunde lobatis, et lobis acute dentatis ;
staminibus saepe 8 mm. exsertis ; fructibus pilosis longe exsertis ; semini-
bus ovalibus foveolatis. PERU: Shrub in dry ravines with scattered
shrubs and herbs; no cacti; flowers fiery red. Hills S.E. of Moquegua,
n8 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. V.
Prov. of Moquegua, Mar. 22-24, 1925, Weberbauer 74360, (TYPE, Field
Museum); dry ravines with scattered shrubs; scarcely branched, to
^ m. high; flowers fiery red. Mts. between Moquegua and Torata,
Prov. Moquegua, March 21, 1925, Weberbauer 7436.
This species apparently is most nearly related to M. thyrsiflora R.
& P. Fl. Peru, iii. 30. t. 254 (1802) and M. cylindrostachya Urb. & Gilg,
Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxxvii. 592 (1906), from both of which it may
readily be distinguished by the shape of the flowers and the deeply
lobed corona.
Malesherbia turbinea, spec, nov., ut videtur planta ut apud M.
haemantham set receptaculo turbinato 12-15 mm. longo 7 mm. crasso,
parce piloso; corona 13 mm. alta marginem solum irregulariter denti-
culato-crenatum ; sepala 8-9 mm. longa; pedicellis fere 1.5 cm. longis;
staminibus vix exsertis; fructibus pilosis receptaculum parum superan-
tibus ; seminibus obscure transversaliter sed valde longitudinaliter striatis
circa i mm. latis et fere 2.5 mm. longis. PERU: Shrub to i m. high, in
open formation of herbs, rainy-green shrubs and Cereus, near Lake
Huananhuata, Candarave, Dept. of Tacna, 'Mar. 11-13, I 9 2 5 Weber-
bauer 7364 (TYPE, Field Museum).
The specimens of M. turbinea consist of flowering-branches only but
their oblong-ovate bract-like leaves are all, even the lowest, merely
crenate and sparsely ciliate-margined and give no indication, by the
presence of occasional deeper serrations, of passing into deeply pinnatifid
lower leaves such as are described for M. haemantha Harms, Notizblatt,
viii. 2ii (1922). It seems inadvisable, therefore, to refer this plant
to Dr. Harms' species or to consider it a seasonal condition, especially
in view of the very different floral measurements as indicated above.
There is also an apparent difference in color, Dr. Weberbauer having
recorded the flowers of M. turbinea as "blood-red" (without mention
of a black border), and the anthers appear to have been white or yellow-
ish.
MALESHERBIA GALJUFII Macbr. Field Museum Pub. Bot. iv. 92 (1925)
differs from both M. thyrsiflora R.& P. and M. cylindrostachya Urb. &
Gilg, Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxxvii. 592 (1906) not only as already indicated
but noteworthily, also, by the included or barely exserted capsule. This
conspicuous character is called to my attention by the excellent material
of M. thyrsiflora R.& P. obtained by Dr. Pennell in June, 1925 along
Rio Chill6n, near Viscos, Dept. of Lima, Peru, number 14476. This
conforms satisfactorily with the original description and emphasizes as
correct the interpretation of the species by Drs. Urban and Gilg, I.e.
Dr. Pennell's specimens are from the region of the type.
DEFENSE OF ALLOCARYA 119
5. A DEFENSE OF ALLOCARYA
The following names made by Johnston in Plagiobothrys are to be
transferred to Allocarya or restored.
Allocarya Kunthii (Walp.), comb. nov. Anchusa Kunthii Walp.
Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. xix. suppl. i, 372 (1843). Plagiobothrys Kunthii
(Walp.) Johnst. Contrib. Gray Herb. Ixviii. 74 (1923).
Allocarya pygmaea (HBK.), comb. nov. Anchusa pygmaea HBK.
Nov. Gen. et Sp. iii. 92 (1818). Plagiobothrys pygmaeus (HBK.)
Johnst. I.e.
Allocarya congesta (Wedd.), comb. nov. Eritrichium humile
(R. & P.), var. congestum Wedd. Chlor. And. iii. 88 (1857). Pla-
giobothrys congestus (Wedd.) Johnst. I.e. 75.
ALLOCARYA MICROCARPA Piper, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. xxii. 91
(1920). Plagiobothrys Pi-peri Johnst. I.e.
Johnston changes the name of this plant because of the existence of
P. microcarpa Greene (1887) which, however, he treats as a synonym of
P. canescens Benth. Therefore, according to a strict interpretation of
the International Rules, there is no call for renaming Piper's species.
However it has been suggested to me that the author proposed a new
name for reasons of expediency and that this moderate concession to
individual judgment ought to be permitted. This may be agreed to in
general but it is customary to offer in such a case some explanation of
the action.
ALLOCARYA COOPERI (Gray) Greene, Pitt. i. 19 (1887). Plagio-
bothrys Parishii Johnst. I.e. 78.
Here again the original name technically remains available for use
in Plagiobothrys and the author makes no comment upon his change,
justifiable though it may be.
Dr. I. M. Johnston has recently published "A Synopsis and Re-
definition of Plagiobothrys", Contrib. Gray Herb. Ixviii. 57-80 (1923)
extending the genus to include not only Echidiocarya and Sonnea but
also Allocarya. As he has devoted six pages to argumentative exposition
intended to prove the correctness of his conclusion, it appears that he
has accepted literally my suggestion, Contrib. Gray Herb. lix. 34
(1919), which he quotes, that some well-taken arguments for the re-
duction of Allocarya to Plagiobothrys could be presented. In fact his
arguments are so well-taken and so adroitly presented that they are,
by themselves, convincing and I wish now I had written less casually
120 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. V.
regarding these genera when commenting, I.e., upon Mr. Druce's re-
duction of Allocarya to Lappula. My remarks that the leaves of Plagio-
bothrys are never opposite and that no species fails in any degree to
conform to the generic character in each case seem, as off-hand im-
pressions of the two groups, correct enough but become inaccurate
characterizations when regarded as a definite expression of criteria for
the maintenance of the genera.
I am sorry that I cannot consider the reduction of Allocarya justi-
fiable. Johnston's work on the Boraginaceae has been characterized by
a commendably frank and explanatory method of approach so that his
conclusions as a rule may be accepted with confidence.
Johnston first considers the respective habits of the two genera; or,
rather, their common habit, for he writes that "it can be positively said
that the species of Allocarya do not have a common and distinctive
aspect, and furthermore that they are not as a group habitally distinct
from Plagiobothrys" . The six species used to illustrate the first part of
the statement exhibit the extremes in vegetative development in the
genus but they present no greater diversity in aspect than a suite of
specimens selected purposely to show an equivalent degree of aspectual
variation within the genus Cryptantha as defined by Johnston, I.e.,
Ixxiv (1925). The remainder of his premise is more to the point and
of some significance. But closely related groups are apt to simulate
each other vegetatively and in habit who but those with much botanical
experience distinguish many Tournefortias from Heliotropiums, Erig-
erons from Asters, or species of Coreopsis from Bidens? and further-
more there surely is a certain facies, even though undescribable, about
Allocarya and Plagiobothrys (including Sonnea and Echidiocaryd) for
which a student soon acquires a feeling eliminating a sense of confusion
between the two genera, at least as regards most species, that possibly
may have existed in his mind. Even in the case of A. mollis, for in-
stance, which as Johnston remarks, "is in gross aspect strikingly like
southern forms of P. canescens", the nutlet characters that serve with
reasonable reliability to distinguish the two genera are diagnostically
developed. And so with the other Allocaryas that simulate species of
Plagiobothrys.
Anyway the easily debatable question of aspect is trivial when used
as an argument pro or con in the drawing of generic lines. Accordingly
Johnston seeks more tangible evidence in support of his contention, and
apparently finds it in the discovery that P. fulvus and A. Greenei have
nutlets with "similarly placed, very similar excavated scars" that possess
as well "a remarkable agreement in size and shape . . . and in the ar-
DEFENSE OF ALLOCARYA 121
rangement of keels and ridges upon them". Furthermore lower oppo-
site leaves, regarded as a character peculiar to Allocarya, are found to
exist in at least two species that in other respects might be referred to
Plagiobothrys and the character itself is shown to be quantitative in
its development. Therefore the recognition of Allocarya must obviously
depend upon a redefinition and somewhat different analysis of those
characteristics that have heretofore been regarded as salient.
These may be expressed and contrasted as follows :
Nutlets strongly incurved (in greater or less degree) and with a
lateral medial or nearly medial or excavated scar of attach-
ment, or this rarely raised on an obscurely or prominently
developed stipe; leaves in most species all alternate or if
not the nutlet characters pronounced Plagiobothrys.
Nutlets erect and with basal scar (this rarely stipitate), or some-
what incurved and scar lateral and sometimes excavated,
but then clearly suprabasal or nearly basal rather than
submedial; lower leaves always opposite Allocarya.
It may be admitted that the essential weakness of these characters
is demonstrated in Allocarya Greenei, which Johnston maintains "is
an Allocarya only in its lower leaves". Its nutlets simulate those of
P. fulvus in the nature of the scar but the position of this is actually
suprabasal rather than submedial, and furthermore the nutlets are es-
sentially erect. Except in the nature of the scar, A. Greenei illustrates
its genus quite as satisfactorily as P. fulvus typifies its group. For in-
stance, P. fulvus bears most of its alternate leaves at the base of the
stem, has a distinctly fulvescent more or less spreading pubescence in
the inflorescence and definitely developed processes in the corolla
throat, all characteristics that at once assign it to Plagiobothrys. On
the other hand A. Greenei bears its opposite lower leaves in the more
open manner usual with species of its genus, its fine silky pubescence
if fulvescent in youth is scarcely so in age and, again as usual in Allo-
carya, there is hardly a suggestion of processes in the corolla throat,
so weakly are they developed. In my judgment Johnston chose a poor
example when he cited A. Greenei and P. fulvus to illustrate the simi-
larity of the genera in aspect. It is thus seen that A . Greenei in all its
general makeup tends much more strongly to Allocarya than to Plagio-
bothrys. It is interesting that in one respect it suggests a species of the
latter but this fact alone can scarcely be regarded as a feasible argument
for the reduction of its genus, especially since this is a reasonably well-
marked group as regards the vast majority of its components.
In view of the fact that it has been shown definitely that "opposite
leaves are not particularly characteristic of Allocarya" but are found
also in Cryptantha, as well as in Allocarya, in a varying degree, so that
122 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. V.
"the use of opposite leaves as a generic criterion is arbitrary", it is sur-
prising indeed to find Johnston arguing that "Echidiocarya is not a part
of Plagioboihrys but belongs rather to Allocarya", because of "the oc-
currence of lower opposite leaves in all three species"! As a matter of
fact Echidiocarya is probably nearer Johnston's section Amsinckiopsis
of Plagioboihrys than Allocarya, as evidenced by the fact that the scar
of its nutlets is developed similarly on or from the keel. Echidiocarya
thus is no more aberrant in Plagioboihrys than are those species con-
stituting the section Amsinckiopsis and, moreover, there is a remarkable
similarity in aspect between P. Harknessii and E. arizonica. Further-
more the nutlets of the latter are strongly incurved in the typical
Plagioboihrys manner and the processes in the corolla throats are
strongly developed as might be expected.
All things considered then, Allocarya appears to me to be a fairly
well-marked group, ordinarily distinct enough from Plagioboihrys to
justify its acceptance for the sake of convenience, if nothing else. The
discovery of P. patagonicus Johnston 1 with opposite lower leaves strength-
ens the genus Allocarya rather than otherwise, as its author implies,
because, in spite of its lower leaves, it retains, according to description,
the salient characters of its genus. As Johnston has shown conclusively,
the presence or absence of opposite leaves is of no particular significance.
If A. Greenei is the connecting species and if its nearest relative is P.
fulvus as Johnston suggests, there would be argument for placing these
species in the same genus provided it is the intent to have the generic
concept conform exactly to the evolutionary or phylogenetic relation-
ship. But even so, this may not be desirable from a practical stand-
point. Apparently Johnston himself yields to this factor of practicabil-
ity in his maintenance of Oreocarya distinct from Cryptantha 2 . The
distinction there seems to me to be purely arbitrary. Certainly Allo-
carya is a sounder generic concept, all factors considered.
6. NOTES ON CUCUMIS, PALAFOXIA, LIATRIS
CUCUMIS DIPSACEUS Ehrenb. in Spach, Hist. Nat. Veg. Phan. vi.
2ii (1838). PERU: roadsides, April 8, 1922, Lima, Macbride &
Feaiherstone 55.
This wild melon of Africa with small spine-covered fruits, not un-
common in places as a roadside weed, is called by the natives "Frega
1 Dr. Johnston has recently referred this plant to P. verrucosa (Phil.) Johnst.,
Contrib. Gray Herb. Ixxviii. 39 (2927) comparing it with the variety of a character-
istic species of Plagiobothrys, P. Torreyi.
2 Recently Johnston has reduced Oreocarya, cf. Contrib. Gray Herb. Ixxviii. 31
(1927)-
CUCUMIS, PALAFOXIA, LIATRIS 123
mate". Its occurrence beyond its natural range does not seem to have
been recorded; cf. Cogniaux & Harms in Engler's Pflanzenreich, iv.
275. ii. 148 (1924). Perhaps it is an escape from the Botanic Garden
at Lima.
A Redefinition of Palafoxia. The genus Othake Raf . New Fl. iv.
73 ( J 838), has been resurrected by Bush, Trans. Acad. St. Louis, xiv.
174 (1904) and also by Rydberg in N. Am. Fl. xxxiv. 58-61 (1914),
to take care of those species of Palafoxia Lag. Gen. Sp. Nov. 26 (1816)
with disk corollas so deeply cleft that they have no obvious, "or scarcely
any" corolla throat. Palafoxia is then restricted to include plants with
very shortly cleft corollas, the throat-portion of the flower remaining
even longer than either the tube or lobes, while Polypteris, to which
Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. xix. 31 (1883), referred the species now relegated
to Othake, is delimited to its original species, P. integrifolia Nutt. Gen.
ii. 139 (1818), characterized essentially by imbricate more or less scarious
bracts and deeply cleft corollas with short funnel-form throats.
This division of the Palafoxianae might be desirable even though it
may be artificial if the characters relied upon were uniformly constant
for all the species. Unfortunately the chief characteristics of each of
these three groups are either inconstant or relative in nature, or both,
all species considered. This is the case whether the degree of develop-
ment of the corolla throat in relation to the lobes and tube or the degree
of imbrication of the more or less herbaceous or scarious bracts are
taken as diagnostic characters. That the triple segregation of Palafoxia
on such grounds is unnatural is further shown by consideration of P.
Feayi Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. xii. 59 (1876) of which its author wrote,
1. c. xix. 31 (1883), "is certainly a connecting species [with Polypteris],
the corolla lobes being fully half the length of the cylindraceous throat,
and the tips of the involucral bracts obscurely sphacelate." Moreover
this plant resembles Polypteris integrifolia in achenes and in habit and,
like it, is Floridan, the other species all ranging west of the Mississippi.
Its genetic relationship is almost surely with its similar neighbor and
if the genus Polypteris merits recognition, it should comprise these two
Florida plants, so like except as to involucral bracts and development
of the corolla throat.
It seems evident that undue taxonomic importance has been given
these floral and bracteal characters in the Palafoxianae when their use
for the drawing of generic lines has resulted in the separation of such
closely related entities as Polypteris integrifolia and Palafoxia Feayi.
It is apparent therefore that there is no merit in maintaining the
segregate genus Othake, based so purely upon characters that are rela-
124 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. V.
tive and noncomitant with those of achenes or pappus. Its species are
all easily referable to Palafoxia whether or not the latter includes P.
integrifolia, but if it is removed, as it might be for convenience, but
scarcely could be from the standpoint of sound taxonomy, Palafoxia
Feayi ought to go with it. The maintenance of Othake can be made to
appear logical only so long as the two Florida plants are kept in separate
genera, an unnatural disposition that discloses the fallacy of the char-
acters upon which the generic segregation of Palafoxia has been based.
Acceptance of the foregoing interpretation of Palafoxia would neces-
sitate one new transfer as indicated by the following citations.
Stevia sphacelata Nutt.; Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. ii. 214 (1827). Pala-
foxia Hookeriana, $ subradiata T. & G. Fl. N. Am. ii. 368 (1842).
Polypteris sphacelata (Nutt.) Trel. in Branner & Coville, Rep. Ark.
Geol. Surv. 1888*: 197 (1891). Othake sphacelatum (Nutt.) Rydb.
Bull. Torr. Club, xxxvii. 331 (1910).
A White Form of Liatris scariosa. In spite of the great number of
vegetative variations of this variable plant that have received formal
designation, no one seems to have named the white state although, near
Chicago at least, it is not uncommon. It was referred to by Torrey and
Gray in their Flora of North America ii. 75 (1841), and Higley and
Raddin mentioned a single example collected in 1887 near Waldheim
Cemetery, Bull. Chi. Acad. Sci. ii, no.i. 53 (1891). During the season
of 1926 a number of plants with entirely white flowers were observed
at both Pine and Clarke, Indiana. In accordance with present day
custom, then, the color form seems worth recording. A similar variation
for the closely related species, L. spicata, has been indicated as forma
albiflora Britton. Therefore I am avoiding the use of this or other
descriptive term and am naming the form for one of its collectors,
an action that is a little unusual in the case of color forms, but for which
there is some good precedent. It is appropriate, moreover, to associ-
ate with the local flora the name of one of its most enthusiastic observers.
LIATRIS SCARIOSA (L.) Willd., forma Benkei, form. nov. corollis
albis. Indiana: common; flowers gleaming white; near Clarke,
Sept. i, 1926, J. F. Macbride 1078 (TYPE, Field Museum) ; pure white,
Miller, Sept. 8, 1923, H. C. Benke 3740, in part; a "light pink" specimen
is associated with this.
MOSSES OF PERU
Collected by the
CAPTAIN MARSHALL FIELD PERUVIAN EXPEDITION, 1923
R. S. WILLIAMS
AONGSTROEMIA JAMAICENSIS C. M.
Mito, on grasslands, about 9000 ft., April, /. F. Macbride, no. 2375*.
DICRANELLA APOLENSis Williams.
At mouth of Chinchao river on clay, about 3500 ft., July, no. 720.
DlCRANUM MlTTENII C. M.
Mito, on tree trunk, about 9000 ft., April, no, 250 and 306.
DlCRANUM PARAMICOLA C.M.
Tambo ^de Vaca, on trees, about 13000 ft., June, no. 573.
DlCRANUM SPIRIPES C.M.
Tambo de Vaca, on ground, about 13000 ft., June, no. 553.
CAMPYLOPUS CHRISMARI (C.M.) Mitt.
Tambo de Vaca, on logs and ground in woods, about 13000 ft., June,
no. 575.
CAMPYLOPUS DENSICOMA (C.M.) Par.
Tambo de Vaca, in damp, shaded spots, about 13000 ft., June. no. 567.
CAMPYLOPUS GRACILICAULIS Mitt.
Muna, on stump in jungle, about 7000 ft., May 23-June 4, no. 489.
CAMPYLOPUS INTROFLEXUS (Hedw.) Brid.
Mito, on partly shaded rock, about 9000 ft., April 8-18, no. 323.
CAMPYLOPUS LUTEUS (C.M.) Par.
Mito, on wet bank in canyon, about 9000 ft., April 8-18, no. 251.
PILOPOGON GRACILIS (Hook.) Brid.
Matucana, on wet bank, about 8000 ft., March 14-19, no. 346.
THYSANOMITRIUM RICHARDI Schwaegr.
Cushi, in thick tufts on mountain top, June 19-23, no. 661.
DICRANODONTIUM LONGiSETUM (Hook.) Williams.
Tambo de Vaca, on logs and ground, about 13000 ft., June 10-24,
no. 575 a.
LEUCOBRYUM GIGANTEUM C.M.
Cushi, on soil, June 10-23, no. 663.
OCTOBLEPHARUM ALBIDUM (L.) Hedw.
La Merced, on tree trunk, about 2000 ft., Aug. 10-24, / F- Macbride,
no- 5503-
FISSIDENS CRISPUS Mont.
Mito, on exposed rock, about 9000 ft., no. 225; on shaded bank,
about 9000 ft., no. 2p5, April 8-18.
FISSIDENS DONNELLII Aust.
Mito, on damp bank, about 9000 ft., April 8-18, no. 291 a.
1 When not otherwise stated, the collections were made by George S. Bryan.
125
126 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. V.
Fissidens filirameus sp. nov.
PLATE I
Pseudoautoicous, one or two cf plants attached by radicles to the
base of the fruiting plant, the inner perigonial leaves mostly truncately
narrowed to a lanceolate point, the antheridia few and paraphyses lack-
ing: plants very small, growing loosely over clayey soil, the fertile stems
about .5 mm. high with 2 or 3 pairs of leaves; leaves smooth and entire,
the upper about i .5 mm. long, lanceolate, acute, bordered all round, the
dorsal lamina narrow, mostly ending well above the leaf -base, the vagi-
nant lamina extending about half way up and ending next the costa,
with borders mostly broader than in upper part of leaf; lower leaves
short, mostly without dorsal lamina and border; costa stout, shortly
excurrent; cells of leaf irregular, angular, 6-12 y. long by 4-6 \L wide,
with thin walls; seta mostly 3-5 mm. long; capsule usually erect, ob-
long, without lid .5 to .8 mm. long, with an erect, shortly beaked lid
about half as long, the median exothecal cells not mamillose, up to 30
|x long by 25 [A wide, with thin walls, those about the rim small, often
nearly square, in 2 or 3 rows; stomata 4-5, imperfect, near base of cap-
sule ; peristome dark red, the teeth with close articulations, divided for
more than two-thirds their length into filiform, spirally papillose forks,
which, on opening of the capsule bend inward and hang down almost to
the middle of the capsule; calyptra not seen; spores smooth, up to 12
or 14 [x in diameter.
On damp bank at about 9000 feet, Mito, Peru. G. S. Bryan, April
8-18, 1923, no. 291.
A species belonging to Sec. Bryoidium; the leaves rather like those of
F. Lindigii but the capsule not curved as in that, the seta shorter and
cells of leaf somewhat smaller.
FISSIDENS KEGELLIANUS C.M.
Mito, on damp bank, about 9000 ft., April 8-18, no. 2pi b.
FISSIDENS OLIGOPHYLLUS C.M.
Mito, on damp bank, about 9000 ft., April 8-18, no. 291 c.
FISSIDENS REPANDUS Wils.
Mito, on damp bank, about 9000 ft., April 8-18, no. 261 a.
FISSIDENS SCALARIS Mitt.
Rio Blanco, on ground shaded by grass, about 9000 ft., March 20-25,
no. 121.
GYROWEISIA OBTUSIFOLIA (Hpe.) Broth.
Mito, on exposed bank, about 9000 ft., April 8-18, no. 270.
LEPTODONTIUM GRACILE C.M.
Huariaca, in shade on wet slope, about 9500 ft., April 3, no. 158 & 164.
HYOPHILA TORTULA (Schwaegr.) Hampe.
Muna, on exposed rock, about 7000 ft., May 23-June 4, no. 442.
BARBULA AUSTRALASIAE Hook. & Grev.
Muna, on shaded bank, about 7000 ft., May 23-June 4, no. 507 a.
BARBULA COSTATA (Mitt.) Jaeg.
Rio Blanco, on shaded bank, about 15000 ft., March 20-25, no. 119.
MOSSES OF PERU 127
Barbula munyensis sp. nov.
PLATE II
Dioicous, the cf plants mingled with the fertile, mostly simple, rather
slender, bearing usually a single flower a little below the apex of the
stem, the 10-12 antheridia with abundant paraphyses, enclosed by 8-10
leaves, the inner 2 or 3 leaves very short: growing in compact, greenish
yellow cushions with simple or somewhat branching stems about 2 cm.
high and slightly radiculose below; leaves flexuous, more or less crispate
when dry, gradually lanceolate from an ovate base, about 3 mm. long,
the apex mostly abruptly apiculate, the borders entire and recurved
nearly to base; costa excurrent, near base about one-fifth the width of
the leaf, in cross-section showing about 4 guide-cells, two stereid bands
and rather large outer cells all round ; cells of upper part of leaf obscure,
densely papillose, about 4 jx in diameter, the small papillose cells ex-
tending sometimes to near the base along margin, those next the costa
smooth, rectangular, 6 ^ wide by 20-40 (JL long; inner perichaetial leaf
with enlarged base convolute nearly one-half up, the upper part of
leaf about like that of stem-leaf; pedicel 1.5 cm. high; capsule without
lid about 2.5 mm. long, nearly cylindric, slightly curved; lid conic-
cylindric, about 1.25 mm. long; annulus none; peristome red, the
slender teeth very papillose, 2-3 times twisted, divided almost to the
rim of capsule; calyptra 2.5 mm. long, almost cylindric, descending to
a little below the lid, split on one side one-fifth up; spores smooth,
8-10 [A in diameter.
On shaded bank at about 7000 ft., Muna, Peru. G. S. Bryan, May
23-June 4, 1923, no. 507.
A species somewhat like B. flexifolia but stouter, the leaves broader
above and abruptly narrowed to a smooth apiculus; the capsule more
slender and about one-half again longer, the inner perichaetial leaf
convolute and rather gradually lanceolate.
BARBULA REPLICATA Tayl.
Huariaca, on earth bank, about 9500 ft., April 9, no. 150.
BARBULA SUBULATULA C.M.
Muna, on sunny rock, about 7000 ft., May 23-June 4, no. 481.
STREPTOPOGON ERYTHRODONTUS (Tayl.) Wils.
Mito, on trees in wet canyon, about 9000 ft., April 8-18, no. 210.
ALOINA CALCEOLIFOLIA (Spruce) Broth.
Rio Blanco, on rocky slope, about 15000 ft., March 20-25, n - J 4 2 -
TORTULA AFFINIS Hampe.
Matucana, on rocky slope, about 8000 ft., March 14-18, no. 53;
Rio Blanco, on wet rock, about 15000 ft., March 20-25, no - IZ ^-
TORTULA FRAGILIS Tayl.
Huariaca, in deep shade, about 9500 ft., April 9, no. 163.
TORTULA PINCHINCHENSIS Tayl.
Huariaca, on wet and shaded rock, about 9500 ft., April 9, no. 152
&I53-
128 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. V.
Crossidium elatum sp. nov.
PLATE III
Apparently dioicous, no antheridia found : growing in rather compact
tufts with simple or slightly branching stems up to 2 cm. high; stems
in cross-section showing a large central strand 40-50 p. in diameter,
with outer walls in lower part of stem mostly of 3 thicknesses of small,
thick-walled cells ; leaves erect-appressed or incurved when dry, rather
widely spreading when moist, those of upper stem about 2 mm. long,
ovate-lanceolate, apiculate, entire, more or less recurved on the borders;
costa stout, percurrent, widest above the middle, in cross-section in the
widest part showing about 6 guide-cells, a large stereid band on the
under side and about two rows of cells on the upper side bearing a dense
mass of filaments some 4 or 5 cells high, the terminal cell smooth and
mostly convex or somewhat mamillosely pointed above; leaf-cells
smooth, the median nearly square or slightly transversely elongate, up
to 4 by 6 {A to 6 by 6 jx, the small cells often extending to near the leaf-
base toward the margin, the basal cells larger, short-rectangular at the
angles, often much longer toward the costa; perichaetial leaves very
similar to those of the stem, but base of costa narrower and basal cells
longer; seta 10-12 mm. long, bearing an erect, nearly cylindrical capsule
about 2 mm. long without the lid, the lid with a subulate, slightly oblique
beak about i mm. long, with cells in somewhat oblique rows ; stomata
crowded, in about 2 rows at base of capsule; peristome teeth (all im-
mature or in very poor condition) apparently rather short, nearly erect,
densely papillose, from a basal membrane extending well above the rim
of capsule; spores minutely punctate, about 12 y. in diameter; calyp-
tra cucullate, slender, slightly rough at apex, slit nearly half way up
and extending well down the capsule.
Matucana, Peru, on rocky slope at about 8000 ft., March 14-18,
1923. G. S. Bryan, no. 52.
Tortula subobliqua sp. nov.
PLATE IV
Dioicous, the o" plants simple, 3-4 mm. high, the broad, apiculate
and slightly serrulate perigonial leaves enclosing 5 or 6 antheridia with
few, filiform paraphyses: growing in thin cushions with simple stems
3-6 mm. high, in cross-section showing a central strand and outer walls
of 2 rows of slightly thicker- walled cells; lower stem-leaves small, the
upper and perichaetial crowded together at the apex of the stem, in-
curved and crenulate on the borders when dry, rather obovate-oblong
to somewhat spatulate, up to 2.5 mm. long and about i mm. wide, the
apex mostly short-apiculate, the margins above flat and irregularly
crenate and serrulate, below somewhat recurved and entire; costa
tapering upward, vanishing below the apex, in cross-section showing 2
guide-cells, a single row of large cells on upper side and on under side a
distinct stereid band in the basal part ; leaf-cells not papillose but more
or less mamillose, mostly on the upper side, the median cells nearly
MOSSES OF PERU 129
square to hexagonal, 16-20 ^ in diameter, in the basal part square to
rectangular, up to 40 [x long; seta 5-8 mm. high; capsule cylindric,
smooth, about 2 mm. long without lid, with a few scattered stomata at
its base, the exothecal cells thin-walled and elongate; lid high-conic,
about .5 mm. high with elongate cells in oblique rows ; annulus of mostly
two rows of easily separating cells; peristome from a low basal mem-
brane, of 32 papillose, erect or somewhat oblique, slender teeth some-
times more or less united and with often a distinct median line, with
the cross-walls mostly indistinct; spores smooth, 6-10 (x in diameter;
calyptra narrow, almost cylindric, smooth, split on one side almost
half way up.
On earth bank at about 9500 ft., Huariaca, Peru. G. S. Bryan,
April 3, 1923, no. 353.
A smaller plant than T. minifolia with leaves somewhat similar in
outline but not bordered nor entire and with leaf -cells smaller.
ENCALYPTA ASPERIFOLIA Mitt.
Rio Blanco, on rocks, about 15000 ft., March 20-25, no. 108.
Coscinodontella, gen. nov.
Genus near Coscinodon but stems without central strand, leaves
broadly ovate with cucullate apex, the upper part of leaf of a double
layer of cells, the capsule with a well defined annulus, the peristome less
cribose and more irregular.
Coscinodontella Bryani sp. nov.
PLATE V
Dioicous, cf plants similar to the fertile, the ovate flower mostly
solitary and terminal in the axil of an upper leaf, the 3-4 antheridia
without paraphyses: growing in compact cushions with mostly simple
stems, 4-5 mm. high, having no central strand and scarcely thickened
outer cell-walls; leaves of stem very small below, the upper mostly
broadly ovate, up to about 1.25 mm. long with incurved or cucullate,
rather obtuse apex, the blade above of a double layer of smooth cells;
costa stout, vanishing below the apex, in cross-section showing in the
lower part a small stereid band on the under side; cells of upper part
of leaf mostly quadratic and scarcely elongate, about 6 {x wide, the
basal cells larger, about 12 [x wide and from nearly square to about
twice longer than wide; seta exserted, about imm. long; capsule oblong,
smooth, wide-mouthed when empty, scarcely i mm. long, the exothecal
cells irregularly elongate with thin, nearly straight walls ; peristome red,
papillose, of 16 rather irregular, more or less split and cribose teeth, sep-
arate to below the rim of capsule ; annulus persistant, two rows of cells
high ; calyptra mitrate, plicate, the apex smooth, the base deeply lacer-
ate; spores smooth, about 10 [x in diameter.
On earth at about 8000 ft., Matucana, Peru. G. S. Bryan, March
14-18, 1923, no. 60.
GRIMMIA LONGIROSTRIS Hook.
Matucana, on rock, about 8000 ft., March 14-18, no. 85; Rio Blanco,
130 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. V.
on wet rock, about 15000 ft., March 20-25, n - I 22; Mito, on tree
trunk, about 9000 ft., April 8-18, no. 249.
ANOECTANGIUM BECHLERIANA Mitt.
Huariaca, on shaded bank, about 9500 ft., April 9, no. 154.
ANOECTAMGIUM LINEARE (C.M.) Broth.
Mtifia, on shaded bank, about 7000 ft., May 23-June 4, no. 508.
Anoectangium platyphyllum sp. nov.
PLATE VI
Apparently dioicous, the antheridial bud scarcely .25 mm. high,
of 4 or 5 leaves, the inner broadly ovate, obtuse, ecostate, with margin
denticulate with high, papillae-like teeth ; growing in compact cushions,
the branching stems, with central strand, up to i cm. high; stem-leaves
incurved-appressed when dry, rather widely spreading when moist,
about i mm. long, broadly ovate-lanceolate, acutely or somewhat
bluntly pointed, the margins flat or somewhat recurved and rough with
papillae ; costa not quite percurrent, rough on the back to near the base,
in cross-section showing about 5 guide-cells, with stereid bands above
and below, in lower part ; cells of leaf rather obscure and densely papil-
lose to well below the middle, the median nearly square or slightly
transversely elongate, about 6 jx by 6-8 {A, the basal cells rectangular,
at least toward the costa and mostly smooth ; inner perichaetial leaves
often a little longer than the stem-leaves, with broader base and much
narrower, more or less denticulate point, the 6 or 7 archegonia without
paraphyses; seta 3-5 mm. long; capsule erect, oblong, scarcely 1.5 mm.
long without lid, the convex lid with oblique beak nearly i mm. long, the
exothecal cells about rim slightly transversely elongate in i or 2 rows,
below much larger, rather irregular, 2 to 4 times longer than wide with
nearly straight walls, the stomata lacking or very imperfect ; peristome
none; annulus narrow, persistant; spores slightly roughened, 10-12 [x
in diameter; calyptra cucullate, smooth, extending half way down the
capsule.
In crevices of rock at about 15000 feet, Rio Blanco, Peru. March
20-25, 1923, G. S. Bryan, no. 117.
ZYGODON LINEARIFOLIUS Mitt.
Mito, on trees, in woods, about 9000 ft., April 8-18, no. 240 and 354;
Tambo de Vaca, on trees in woods, about 13000 ft., June 10-24, no.
570 & 640.
Zygodon longisetus sp. nov.
PLATE VII
Dioicous, the o 71 flower conspicuous on a rather smaller, less branch-
ing plant than the fruiting ones; the inner perigonial leaves about as
broad as high, entire, almost truncate below the short, acute apex and
about one-half costate; the slender antheridia and filiform paraphyses
numerous: growing in yellowish-green cushions with branching stems
about 3 cm. high, very tomentose below; stem-leaves about 4 mm. long,
crispate when dry, more or less spreading-incurved when moist, from
MOSSES OF PERU 131
a nearly erect, oblong base gradually narrowed to a lanceolate, acute
point with flat, crenulate margins; costa smooth, not quite percurrent;
cells of stem-leaves roundish to oblong two-thirds way or more down
the leaf, about 6 jx by 6-8 {x in diameter with 1-3 minute papillae to
to each cell surface, the basal cells smooth, very narrow and elongate
with thickened, sometimes slightly pitted walls, about 5 [x wide by
60-80 {x long; outer perichaetial leaves rather longer and narrower
pointed than the stem-leaves, in the upper part sometimes with short
papillose cells, the smaller inner leaves mostly smooth with elongate
cells throughout; pedicel up to 4.5 cm. long; capsule subcylindric,
nearly straight, up to 5 mm. long without the lid, the lid with slightly
oblique beak about 2.5 mm. long; exothecal cells about mouth small,
rounded to transversely elongate, in 10-12 rows, the median cells more
or less rectangular with thickened lateral walls, the stomata superficial
and numerous in the neck; peristome and annulus none; calyptra
slender, 4-5 mm. long, slit to above the middle, the apex slightly rough;
spores rough, 25-30 [x in diameter.
Tambo de Vaca, Peru, on tree, about 13000 ft., G. S. Bryan, June
1024, 1923, no. 576.
Zygodon petrophilus sp. nov.
PLATE VIII
Dioicous, the c? plants branching and bearing 1-5 lateral flowers,
the 6 or 8 antheridia with paraphyses enclosed by broadly ovate-acute,
entire, very concave, more or less costate leaves about .6 mm. long, with
mostly somewhat elongate, smooth cells: growing in compact cushions
with branching, tomentose stems 3-4 cm. high; stem-leaves closely
imbricate and somewhat 5-ranked when dry, recurved-squarrose when
moist, about 2 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate, the apex acute with a few
irregular teeth a little below the point, the margins flat or somewhat
recurved below; costa not quite percurrent, rough on the back about
three-fourths way down; leaf-cells with walls thickened throughout,
rounded or somewhat elongate, 5 [x by 5-10 {x and densely papillose
two-thirds way down or more, the basal cells smooth, up to 30 or 40 (x
long; ^perichaetial leaves entire, the inner narrower and rather longer
than s'tem-leaves with more elongate, smooth cells extending higher up;
seta 5-6 mm. long; capsule nearly straight to somewhat curved and
nodding, 5-ribbed, ovate-cylindric, with distinct neck, containing a few
superficial stomata, about 2 mm. long without lid, the low-convex lid
with slender, oblique beak about i mm. long; annulus of i or 2 rows of
small cells; persistome double, of 16 pale, papillose teeth in pairs, often
very irregular or imperfect, with 8 slender, more or less papillose cilia
sometimes longer than the teeth; spores minutely roughened, 12-16 jx
in diameter; calyptra mitrate, smooth, split on side about half way up.
Tambo de Vaca, on exposed rock about 13000 ft., Peru. G. S. Bryan,
June 10-24, 10923, no. 604.
ORTHOTRICHUM AEQUATORIUM Mitt.
Mito, on small bushes, about 9000 ft., April 8-18, no.
132 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. V.
ORTHOTRICHUM ARISTATUM Hpe.
Mito, on small bushes, about 9000 ft., April 8-18, no. 243 b.
ORTHOTRICHUM PARIATUM Mitt.
Mito, on small bushes, about 9000 ft., April 8-18, no. 243.
MACROMITRIUM SERRULATUM Mitt.
Mufia, on trees, about 7000 ft., May 23-June 4, no. 486.
MACROMITRIUM TOCAREMAE Hampe.
Mufia, on trees, about 7000 ft., May 23-June 4, no. 498.
TAYLORIA JAMESONI (Tayl.) C.M.
Tambo de Vaca, on trees, about 13000 ft., June 10-24, no. 569 & 608,
the last on shaded bank.
TAYLORIA MAGELLANICA (Brid.) Mitt.
Tambo de Vaca, in wet woods, about 13000 ft., June 12-24, no. 606.
FUNARIA ACUTIFOLIA (Hpe.) C.M.
Mito, on wet bank, about 9000 ft., April 8-18, no. 272.
FUNARIA CALVESCENS Schwaegr.
Matucana, on earth, about 8000 ft., March 14-16, no. 88; Huariaca,
on sunny slope, about 9500 ft., April 3, no. 162; Mito, on wet bank,
about 9000 ft., April 8-18, no. 273 & 401, the last on grassy slope.
FUNARIA JAMESONI Tayl.
Matucana, exposed situations along trail, about 8000 ft., March
14-18, no. 51.
FUNARIA MACROSPORA Williams.
Rio Blanco, on wet bank in shade, about 15000 ft., March 20-25,
no. 120; Cerro de Pasco, in exposed situations, about 14000 ft.,
March 26, no. 146.
FUNARIA MEGALOSTOMA Mitt.
Rio Blanco, on wet, shaded bank, about 15000 ft., March 20-26,
no. 118.
FUNARIA SORATENSIS (Par.) Broth.
Mito, on sunny bank, about 9000 ft., April 8-18, no. 403.
FUNARIA SUBERECTA Mitt.
Cerro de Pasco, on wet bank, about 14000 ft., March 26, no. 144;
Huariaca, on exposed hillside, about 9500 ft., April 3, no. 159 & 165.
MlELICHHOFERIA BOLIVIANA Schp.
Rio Blanco, in crevices of rock, about 15000 ft., March 20-25, no. 141.
MlELICHHOFERIA CAMPYLOTHECA C.M.
Cerro de Pasco, on bank, about 14000 ft., March 20, no. 145.
MlELICHHOFERIA CYGNICOLLA Schp.
Cerro de Pasco, abundant on hills, about 14000 ft., March 26, no. 148.
MlELICHHOFERIA LONGIPES C.M.
Mito, on shaded cliff, about 9000 ft., April 8-18, no. 268.
HAPLODONTIUM ARGENTIFOLIUM (Mitt.) Jacq.
Rio Blanco, on steep bank, about 15000 ft., March 20-25, no. 124.
MOSSES OF PERU 133
HAPLODONTIUM JAMESONI (Tayl.) Hampe.
Rio Blanco, on earth of rocky hillside, about 15000 ft., March 20-25,
no. 105.
WEBERA COSTESII Card. & Ther.
Rio Blanco, in shade of rock, about 15000 ft., March 20-25, no - I0 ^-
WEBERA SPECTABILIS (C.M.) Jacq.
Mito, on wet bank, about 9000 ft., April 8-16, no. 265 & 359, the
last on open hillside.
BRACHYMENIUM CONSIMILE (Mitt.) Jacq.
Mufia, on small tree, about 7000 ft., May 23-June 4, no. 497.
ACIDODONTIUM LONGIFOLIUM (Schp.) Broth.
Tambo de Vaca, on tree trunks, about 13000 ft., June 10-24, no.
571, 642 and 643.
ANOMOBRYUM FI.LIFORME (Dicks.) Husn.
Matucana, on earth, about 8000 ft., March 14-18, no. 87; Rio Blanco,
in crevices of rock, about 15000 ft., March 20-25, no. loj; Huariaca,
on sunny slope , about 9500 ft., April 3, no. 161.
BRYUM ANDICOLA Hook.
Mito, shaded places, about 9000 ft., April 8-18, no. 255.
BRYUM ARGENTEUM L.
Matucana, abundant on mountain and along railway, about 8000 ft.,
March 14-18, no. 59; Rio Blanco, in shade of rock, about 15000 ft.,
March 20-26, no. 109 & 123.
BRYUM CHRYSOBLASTUM C.M.
Matucana, on rock and earth, about 8000 ft., March 14-18, no. 86
&8g.
BRYUM SCHISTONEURON (Kze.) Par.
Huariaca, in shaded places, about 9500 ft., April 3, no. 166.
BRYUM SERICEUM var. denticulatum, var. nov.
PLATE IX
This variety differs from the type in having the leaves sharply
denticulate in the upper part and the cilia usually much less de-
veloped.
RHODOBRYUM BEYRICHIANUM (Hsch.) Par.
Mito, on ground in wet woods, about 9000 ft., April 8-18, no. 400;
Mufia, in damp woods, about 7000 ft., May 23-June 4, no. 441.
RHODOBRYUM CAULIFOLIUM (C.M.) Par.
Mito, on damp ground, about 9000 ft., April 8-18, no. 247.
MNIUM LIGULATUM C.M.
Mufia, on rocks, about 7000 ft., May 23-June 4, no. 493 and 519.
BARTRAMIA HUMILIS Mitt.
Mito, on bushes, about 9000 ft., April 8-18, no. 243 b.
134 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. V.
BARTRAMIA ITHYPHYLLOIDES Schp.
Mito, on shaded, wet bank, about 9000 ft., April 8-18, no. 352.
BARTRAMIA LONGIFOLIA Hook.
Tambo de Vaca, on tree trunk, about 13000 ft., June 19-24, no. 600.
BARTRAMIA PERPUSILLA C.M.
Huanuco, on wall, about 7000 ft., April 26, no. 170; Mito, on damp
and shaded banks, about 9000 ft., April 8-18, no. 237, 263 & 302.
BARTRAMIA THRAUSTA Schp.
Mito, on wet, shaded bank, about 9000 ft., April 8-18, no. 360.
PHILONOTIS TENELLA (C.M.) Jacq.
Mito, on wet bank, about 9000 ft., April 8-18, no. 261.
PHILONOTIS UNCINATA (Schwaegr.) Brid.
Mufia, shaded bank, about 7000 ft., May 23-June 4, no. 475; at
mouth of Chinchao Rio, on rocky bank, about 3500 ft., July 19-25,
no. 733.
BREUTELIA BRYOCARPA Herz.
Mito, abundant in canyons and on heights, about 9000 ft., April 8-18,
no. 281.
BREUTELIA TOMENTOSA (Sw.) Schimp.
At mouth of Chinchao Rio, about 3500 ft., July 19-25, no. 715.
OLIGOTRICHUM EROSUM (Hpe.) Lindb.
Mouth of Chinchao Rio, damp, open places, about 3500 ft., July
19-25, no. 734.
POLYTRICHADELPHUS ARISTATUS (Hpe.) Mitt.
Mito, about 9000 ft., April 8-18, no. 274.
POLYTRICHADELPHUS UMBROSUS Mitt.
At mouth of Chinchao Rio, about 3500 ft., no. 714.
POGONATUM ABBREVIATUM Mitt.
At mouth of Chinchao Rio, on damp shaded soil, about 3500 ft.,
July 19-25 no. 721.
POGONATUM CAMPYLOCARPUM C.M.
Mito, on shaded bank, about 9000 ft., April 8-18, no. 228 & 358;
Cushi, on ground near mountain top, June 19-23, no. 667.
POGONATUM OLIGODUS (Kunz.) Mitt.
Matucana, on earth, about 8000 ft., March 14-18, no. 50; Mito, on
shaded and exposed places about 9000 ft., April 8-18, no. 267; Mufia,
on shaded wall, about 7000 ft., May 23-June 9, no. 480.
POLYTRICHUM ANTILLARUM Rich.
Huariaca, on wet, sunny slope, about 9500 ft., April 3, no. 157;
Mito, on exposed bank, about 9000 ft., April 8-18, no. 298, 303 & 355.
POLYTRICHUM ARISTIFLORUM Mitt.
Rio Blanco, on earth bank, about 15000 ft., March 20-25, n ' I 39-
ACROCRYPHAEA GARDNERI (Mitt.) Jaeg.
Mufia, on trees in dry woods, about 7000 ft., May 22-June 4, no. 483.
MOSSES OF PERU 135
CRYPHAEA PATENS Hornsch.
Muna, on trees, about 7000 ft., May 22-June 4, no. 490.
PRIONODON BOLIVIANUS C.M.
Mito, on trees in wet woods and on shaded bank, about 9000 ft.,
April 9-18, no. 235 & 292.
SQUAMIDIUM ROTUNDIFOLIUM (Mitt.) Broth.
Muna, on limbs of trees, about 7000 ft., May 23-June 4, no. 447.
POROTRICHUM LONGIROSTRUM (Hook,) Mitt.
Mito, on ground and trees in wet woods, about 9000 ft., April 8-18
no. 216.
CLASTOBRYUM AMERICANUM Card.
Mito, on trees in wet woods, about 9000 ft., April 8-18, no. 353.
ENTODON ERYTHROPUS Mitt.
Mito, on bank in deep shade and on trees in wet woods, about 9000
ft., April 8-18, no. 269 & 288.
ENTODON JAMESONI (Tayl.) Mitt.
Mito, on trees in wet wood, about 9000 ft., April 8-18, no. 211,
223 & 230.
FABRONIA ANDINA Mitt.
Huariaca, on shaded limbs, about 9500 ft., April 9, no. 155; Mito,
on rock, about 9000 ft., April 8-18, no. 256.
FABRONIA JAMESONI Tayl.
Mito, on bank and in shade on under side of rock, about 9000 ft.,
April 8- 1 8, no. 276 & 398.
HYPOPTERYGIUM TAMARISCI (Sw.) Brid.
Muna, on rocks and trees in damp woods, about 7000 ft., May 23-
June 4, no. 476; Huariaca, on rocks, about 9500 ft., April 3, no. 167.
RHACOPILUM TOMENTOSUM (Sw.) Brid.
Muna, on rocks and trees, about 7000 ft., May 23-June 4, no. 479.
LESKEA GRACILLIMA Tayl.
Huariaca, on rocks and shaded limbs, about 9500 ft., April 3, no.
149, 1550, & 1560,; Matucana, on rock, about 8000 ft., March 14-18,
no. 84.
THUIDIUM PERUVIANUM Mitt.
Huariaca, in shade on wet slope, about 9500 ft., April 3, no. 160.
AMBLYSTEGIUM VARIUM (Hedw.) Lindb.
Chosica, on wet bank of ditch, about 3000 ft., March 11-13, n - #
MlTTENOTHAMNIUM REPTANS (Sw.) Card.
Mito, on ground and trees in wet woods, about 9000 ft., April 8-18,
no. 224, 233 & 404.
PLAGIOTHECIUM DENTICULATUM (L.) Bry. Eur.
Tambo de Vaca, on trees, about 13000 ft., June 10-24, no. 572.
136 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. V.
SEMATOPHYLLUM CYPARISSOIDES (Hornsch.) Broth.
Mito, on trees in wet woods, about 9000 ft., April 8-18, no. 229;
Tambo de Vaca, on dead log, about 13000 ft., June 10-24, no - &4 1 -
Eroiodon longipes sp. nov.
PLATE X
Dioicous, the o* plants similar to the fertile and often bearing numer-
ous flowers on stems and branches, the perigonial leaves nearly or
quite ecostate and entire, of elongate cells with slightly thickened and
pitted walls, the 6-8 antheridia nearly as long as the inner leaf, with few
slightly longer paraphyses: growing in loosely entangled mats with
dusky stems and numerous, irregular branches and branchlets, up to
7 cm. high; lower stem-leaves scale-like, those above oblong, about
2 mm. long, with costa extending about two-thirds up the leaf, the apex
rather abruptly short-apiculate and slightly dentate, the margins near
the base recurved; leaves of branches much smaller, entire, shortly
costate to ecostate; leaf-cells smooth, narrow, with slightly sinuous
walls, pitted in the basal part of the leaf, the median cells of upper
stem leaves 20-40 fx by 4-6 [A, the alar cells forming a small golden
brown cluster; perichaetial leaves broadly oblong-lanceolate, closely
convolute below with spreading, entire, acute point, ecostate to more
or less costate, the very narrow cells, except those near the base with
thicker, more pitted walls than in the stem-leaves ; seta red, flexuous,
4 cm. or more long; capsule nodding, more or less curved, without lid
about 2.5 mm. long, the lid with a subulate, curved beak sometimes of
equal length ; peristome double, teeth narrowly lanceolate, finely papil-
lose above, striate papillose below, fragile, forming, on fall of lid, either
a cone or widely spreading and spirally incurved above with the inner
peristome cone-like; inner peristome finely papillose, the lanceolate
segments about as wide as and longer than the teeth, with filiform apex,
pertuse along the median line, from a basal membrane about one-fifth
the height of the peristome; annulus broad, persistant; spores minutely
punctate, 16-20 ^ in diameter; calyptra nearly cylindric, 4 mm. long,
smooth.
Tambo de Vaca, Peru, on trees, about 13000 ft., June, 1923. G. 5.
Bryan, no. 574.
BRACHYTHECIUM ASPERULUM (Hpe.) Jacq.
Mito, on rock by stream, about 9000 ft., April 8-18, no. 264 & 296.
RIGODIUM IMPLEXUM Kunz.
Mito, on wet, shaded bank, about 9000 ft., April 8-18, no. 405.
RHYNCHOSTEGIUM AQUATICUM (Hpe.) Jacq.
Chosica, in fast flowing water, about 3000 ft., March 11-13, n0 ' 9*
RHYNCHOSTEGIUM CONCHOPHYLLUM (Tayl.) Jacq.
Huariaca, on shaded rock, about 9500 ft., April 3, no. 151; Mito, on
rock and on wet, shaded ground, about 9000 ft., April 8-18, no. 283
& J2i; Muna, on rock, about 7000 ft., May 23- June 4, no. 482.
MOSSES OP PERU 137
RHYNCHOSTEGIUM SCARIOSUM (Tayl.) Jacq.
Mito, on trunks in wet woods, about 9000 ft., April 8-18, no. 215.
FlSSIDENS FILIRAMEUS sp. nov.
PLATE I
Fig. i. Plant X 12
2. Capsule X 20
3. Part of peristome X 180
4. Median exothecal cells X 180
5. Cells near base of capsule with stoma X 200
6. Middle stem-leaf X 50
7. Male plant X 100
8. Part of upper stem-leaf X 270
9. Lower stem-leaf X 50
10. Upper stem-leaf X 50
BARBULA MUNYENSIS sp. nov.
PLATE II
Fig. i. Plant about natural size
2. Stem-leaf X 20
3. Apex of stem-leaf X 200
4. Two inner perichaetial leaves and base of pedicel X 20
5. Cross-section of costa X 200
6. Median cells of leaf X 200
7. Perigonium X 20
8. Cells at basal angle X 200
9. Lid and calyptra X 20
10. Capsule with peristome X 20
CROSSIDIUM ELATUM sp. nov.
PLATE III
Fig. i. About natural size
2. Capsule X 14
3. Calyptra X 14
4. Upper stem-leaf X 25
5. Middle stem-leaf X 25
6. Perichaetial leaf X 25
7. Cross-section of stem-leaf X 180
8. Cross-section of stem X 180
9. Median cells of leaf X 180
10. Cells at basal angle X 180
TORTULA SUBOBLIQUA Sp. HOV.
PLATE IV
Fig. i. Plants, 9 and cf, about natural size
2. Upper and lower stem leaves X 14
3. Part of rim of capsule with annulus and teeth X 130
4. Upper part of capsule with lid X 14
5. Calyptra X 14
6. Median exothecal cells X 130
7. Cross-section of leaf near apex of costa X 180
8. Cross-section of costa in basal part X 180
9. Basal cells of leaf X 200
10. Apex of leaf X 130
138 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. V.
COSCINODONTELLA BRYANI gen. et Sp. HOV.
PLATE V
Fig. i. Plant enlarged about 5 times and natural size
2. Calyptra X 5
3. Median exothecal cells X 180
4. Part of rim of capsule, annulus and peristome X 180
5. Inner perichaetial leaf X 35
6. Upper stem-leaf and perigonial bud X 35
7. Cross-section of leaf toward apex X 180
8. Cells in upper part of leaf X 200
9. Cross-section of leaf below the middle X 180
10. and ii. Upper stem-leaves X 35
12. Cells at basal angle X 180
ANOECTANGIUM PLATVPHYLLUM sp. nov.
PLATE VI
Fig. i. Plant about natural size
2. Capsule with lid X 12
3. Calyptra and lid X 12
4. Stem-leaf X 40
5. Perichaetial leaf X 40
6. Part of upper capsule with persistant annulus X 180
7. Median cells of stem-leaf X 180
8. Apex of perichaetial leaf X 180
9. Apex of stem-leaf X 180
10. Cross-section of lower part of stem-leaf X 180
11. Perichaetium X 40
12. Perigonial leaves X 50
13. Basal cells of stem-leaf X 180
ZYGODON LONGISETUS sp. nov.
PLATE VII
Fig. i. Plants, c? and 9 about natural size
2. Calyptra X 9
3. Capsule X 9
4. Stem-leaves X 10
5. Capsule X 9
6. Outer and inner perichaetial leaf X 10
7. Inner perigonial leaf with antheridium and paraphyses X 180
8. Median cells of stem-leaf X 180
9. Median exothecal cells X 180
10. Stoma X 1 80
11. Apex of stem-leaf X 180
12. Cells at basal angles X 180
ZYGODON PETROPHILUS sp. nov.
PLATE VIII
Fig. i. Plant about natural size
2. Capsule X 15
3. Stem-leaf X 20
4. Inner perichaetial leaf X 20
5. Apex of stem-leaf X 180
6. Calyptra X 15
7. Inner perigonial leaf X 40
8. Stoma X 180
MOSSES OP PERU 139
9. Median exothecal cells X 180
10. Part of peristome, annulus and rim of capsule X 180
11. Median leaf-cells X 180
12. Cells at basal angle of leaf X 180
BYRUM SERICEUM, var. DENTICULATUM var. nov.
PLATE IX
Fig. i. Plants 9 and o 71 about natural size
2. Capsules X 16
3. Stem-leaf X 30
,4. Apex of stem-leaf X 200
5. Perigonium and inner leaf X 30
6. Perichaetium and inner leaf X 30
7. Stoma X 150
8. Cells and border about half way down leaf X 200
9. Part of peristome and annulus X 150
10. Peristome tooth in inner face X 150
n. Green basal cells of stem-leaf X 200
ERIODON LONGIPES sp. nov.
PLATE X
Fig. i Plant about natural size
2. Stem-leaf X 20
3. Branch leaves X 20
4. Four median cells of stem-leaf X 270
5. Inner perichaetial leaf X 16
6. Alar cells X 270
7. Apex of stem-leaf X 200
8. Perichaetium X 18
9. Perigonium and part of same X 25
10. Rim of capsule and peristome X 25
11. Part of peristome and annulus X 80
1927
UNIVERSITY Oh ILLINUIS
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.
BOTANY, VOL. IV, PLATE I.
FlSSIDENS FILIRAMEUS sp. nov.
THE LIBRARY
OF THE
UNIVERSITY Of ILLINOIS
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.
BOTANY, VOL. IV, PLATE II.
BARBULA MUNYENSIS sp. nov.
THE LIBRARY
OF THF
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.
BOTANY. VOL. IV, PLATE III.
-c
CROSSIDIUM ELATUM sp. nov.
THE LIBRARY
OF THE
UHIVERSITY OF ILLlHOlS
BOTANY, VOL. IV, PLATE IV.
TOflTULA SUBOBLIQUA sp. nov
THE
OF 1HE
UHWERSITY OF ILUM01S
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.
BOTANY, VOL. IV, PLATE V.
COSCINODONTELLA BRYANI gen. et sp. nov.
THE LIBRARY
OP IHE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.
BOTANY, VOL. IV, PLATE VI.
11
R.S.W.
ANOECTANGIUM PLATYPHYLLUM sp. nov.
THE LIBRARY
OF THE
n? II I IMillS
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.
BOTANY, VOL. IV, PLATE VII.
.
vx^-Jo^
n\ W
Wo\ 10
v/v-rvfYs
Jl
/f,5'.IA/-
ZYGODON LONGISETUS sp. nov.
THE LIBRARY
OF THE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLlftuiS
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.
BOTANY, VOL. IV, PLATE VIII.
KM
/M\
m&
H
iO
oi
A!. 5. IV-
ZYGODON PETROPHILUS sp. nov.
THE LIBRARY
OF THE
IIIIIVEIKITV Of II I Inuft
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY,
BOTANY, VOL. IV, PLATE IX.
BRYUM SERICEUM, var. DENTICULATUM var. nov.
THE MRRARY
OF iHE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.
BOTANY, VOL. IV, PLATE X.
ERIODON LONGIPES sp. nov.
THE LIBRARY
OF THE
UNIVERSITY flP I! t
