Full text of "The Victoria history of the county of Lancaster. Edited by William Farrer and J. Brownbill"

EDITED BY WILLIAM PAGE, F.S.A.

VOLUME VII

THE

VICTORIA HISTORY

OF THE COUNTIES
OF ENGLAND

LANCASHIRE

LONDON

CONSTABLE AND COMPANY LIMITED

This History is issued to Subscribers only by

Constable & Company Limited

and printed by W. H. Smith & Son

London

INSCRIBED

TO THE MEMORY OF

HER LATE MAJESTY

QUEEN VICTORIA

WHO GRACIOUSLY GAVE

THE TITLE TO AND

ACCEPTED THE

DEDICATION OF

THIS HISTORY

THE

VICTORIA HISTORY

OF THE COUNTY OF

LANCASTER

EDITED BY
WILLIAM FARRER, D.Lrrr., AND J. BROWNBILL, M.A.

VOLUME SEVEN

LONDON

CONSTABLE AND COMPANY LIMITED

1912

670

v.7

CONTENTS OF VOLUME SEVEN

PAGE

Dedication ............... y

Contents ............... he

List of Illustrations .............. xi

List of Maps ............... xii

Editorial Note ............... xiii

Topography ...... General descriptions and manorial descents by

W. FARRER, D.Litt., and J. BROWNBILL, M.A.

Architectural descriptions by F. H. CHERTHAM.

Heraldic drawings and blazon by the Rev. E. E.

DORLING, M.A., F.S.A.

Blackburn Hundred (continuation)

Mitton (Part of) I

Chipping ',"J 20

Ribchester ............. 36

Amounderness Hundred

Introduction ............. 68

Preston .............. 72

Kirkham. . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

Lytham . . . . . . . . . . . . . .213

Poulton-le-Fylde . . . . . . . . . . . .219

Bispham .............. 242

Lancaster (Part of) . . . . . . . . . . . .251

St. Michael-on-Wyre . . . . . . . . . . .260

Garstang . . . . . . . . . . . . .291

Index to Volumes VI and VII 337

Corrigenda , 435

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Lancaster Castle ..........

Mitton : Cross of St. Paulinas on the Fells, Aighton . . .
,, Stonyhurst : Principal Front .....

First and Ground Floor Plans .

in 1808

South Front )

The Quadrangle .....

Gateway Tower .....

Shireburne Almshouses ......

Chipping Church from the South )

The Nave looking East >

The Font .......

Hesketh End : South Front

Thornley with Wheatley : Thornley Hall .....

Ribchester Church : Plan .......

from the South-east )

The Nave looking East)

Dutton Hall : South Front

,, The Gateway .......

Stidd Chapel : Plan

from the North >
Nave and Chancel)

,, South Doorway)
The Font >

Preston : South Prospect in 1728
Church c. 1829)
c. 1796)

Parish Church from the South-east ....
Fishergate with Town Hall in distance >
Harris Free Library, Market Place >
Grimsargh and Brockholes : Red Scar, North-west Front
South-east Front

11 11 11 The Dining-room

Higher Brockholes)

Lower Brockholes'

Broughton Church : Plan before 1823

,, from the North-west)

Barton Cross

Myerscough Lodge : Inscribed Stone over Stable Door )
Kirkham Church from the North-west )

Clifton with Salwick : Lund Church, Roman Altar used as Font .

PAGI

frontispiece
^

full-page plate, facing 4
facing 6

fall-page plate, facing 8
11 1 10

ii 3

. 3 8

full-page plate, facing 38

> 54

. 60

full-page plate, facing 60

74
80

> >

fall-page plate, facing \ 1 2
122
fall-page plate, facing 1 2 2

., H

i 66

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

PACK

. 186
Singleton : Mains Hall

Goosnargh : Bulsnape Hall ^ . . . full-page plate, facing 194
Ashes, Old Doorway f
Inglewhite Village > 198

Hospital >

202
Church: Plan

from the South-west | ^ ^ full-page plate, facing 202

The Nave looking East \

lOO

Whittingham : Chingle Hall, Bridge over Moat .

Dun Cow Rib Farm " 2 '

. 215
Lytham Hall .

Church from the South-east ) ^ full-page plate, facing 226

Poulton-le-Fylde : Stocks and Cross >

Bispham Church : Norman Doorway "

Preesall with Hackinsall : Parrox Hall, North Front ) 25 g

n TheHa11

Hackinsall Hall ... 260

St. Michael-on-Wyre Church from the North-east >

Pi an 26z

" " "
Upper Rawcliffe : St. Michael's ViUage

Great Eccleston : Raikes Road ... 2 77

Woodplumpton Church : Plan ... 28 9

from the South-east ^ ^ full-page plate, facing 290
The Nave looking East '

Garstang Church : Plan ...... 2 94

from the North-east | fall-page plate, facing 294
The Nave looking East )
Nateby : Bowers House . . . . . . .310

Kirkland : Churchtown Cross ^ full-page plate, facing ^

Barnacre with Bonds : Greenhalgh Castle

Claughton Hall , 3 z8

LIST OF MAPS

Index Map to Chipping, Leagram, Aighton and Ribchester . . . . . . .21

Hundred of Amounderness . . . . . . . .68

Parish of Preston ........... 7 2

Parishes of Kirkham and Lytham . . . . . . . .143

,, Poulton and Bispham . .. . . . . .220

Chapelry of Stalmine . . . . . . . . . .252

Parish of St. Michael-on-Wyre . .261

>, > Garstang 292

XII

EDITORIAL NOTE

THE Editors desire to acknowledge the assistance and information
given by the Rev. S. E. Collinson, Mr. E. Dickson, Mr. J. T. Fair,
Mr. W. J. Fitzherbert-Brockholes, D.L., J.P., Mr. Joseph Gillow,
Mr. D. Howsin, Mr. A. Jobling, the Rev. J. Keating, Dr. J. A. Laycock,
Mr. E. A. Le Gendre Starkie, J.P., the Rev. E. T. Millard, the Rev. B.
Nightingale, M.A., Mr. James Openshaw, M.A., the Rev. J. F. H.
Parker, Mr. W. Parker, Captain C. B. Petre, the Rev. D. Schofield,
Mr. W. W. Simpson, J.P., Mr. R. Trappes-Lomax, J.P., and Miss
Weld, also the Town Clerks of Blackpool and Preston and the Librarian
of Preston.

They also wish to tender their thanks to Mr. J. P. Rylands,
F.S.A., for revising the heraldry.

For illustrations and information regarding the architecture of the
county the Editors are indebted to Sir George F. Toulmin, M.P., the
Editor and Proprietors of ' Country Life ' (for photographs of Shireburne
Almshouses and Stonyhurst Gateway Tower), the Society of Antiquaries,
Messrs. Austin & Paley, the Rev. W. Bodkin, S.J., Mr. W. Ellison
Fenwicke, and Mr. T. Harrison Myres.

xin

A HISTORY OF
LANCASHIRE

TOPOGRAPHY

THE HUNDRED OF BLACKBURN

(CONTINUATION)

MITTON (PART OF)
AIGHTON, BAILEY AND CHAIGLEY

Acton, Dom. Bk. ; Aghton, 1274; Aighton,
modern. Occasionally an H was prefixed, e.g. Hacton,

1235-

Bailegh, 1257 ; Bayley, 1284 ; Bayleye, 1291.

Cheydeslega, 1246 ; Chaygeslegh, 1331 ; Chaddes-
legh, Chaddesley, 1346 ; Chageley, c. 1440.

This composite township is bounded on the north
and east by the Hodder, which separates it from
Yorkshire, in which county is situated the greater
part of the parish of Mitton. On the south the
Ribble is the boundary. The dominant physical
feature is Longridge Fell, projecting eastward into
the township a little north of the centre. Its highest
point, 1,149 ft., li es J ust with' the border. From
the ridge the ground falls rapidly to the north and
east, and more gently to the south, many outlying
spurs breaking the surface into hills and cloughs, the
latter often watered by rapid brooks, formerly supply-
ing motive power to numerous bobbin mills. Trees
are abundant, and along the Hodder are many
beautiful views.

Aighton and Bailey lie to the south of the Fell, to
the east and west respectively, being parted by Dean
Brook, while Chaigley or Chaigeley occupies the
north-east slope. Stonyhurst, 1 which as the residence
o! the lords of the manor has for centuries been the
dominant house in the township, lies near the centre
of Aighton, with Winkley or Winckley to the south-
east, in the corner formed by the confluence of Hodder
and Ribble, and Woodfields to the north-east. Hurst
Green, the principal hamlet, is about a mile south-
west of Stonyhurst. Chilsey Green is to the north,
under the Fell ; near it are the Shireburne alms-
houses. Morton House lies to the east, while Craw-
shaw and Hudd Lee are near the western border.

In Chaigley, Chadswell and Chapel House are central,
the houses known as the hall and the manor lying
to the east and Wedacre to the west.

The principal road is that from Longridge to
Mitton and Clitheroe, through the southern part of
the township. The portion of this road from Hurst
Green to the lower Hodder bridge was made by
McAdam in 1826, being one of the first attempts to
apply his system. 2 The new Hodder bridge, of three
arches, was built at the same time ; the old one, still
standing a few yards to the south, was provided by
Sir Richard Shireburne in 1562.* There is no
bridge across the Ribble, 4 but a ferry is maintained
to Hacking on the south bank. The older road from
Longridge is higher up, passing through Chilsey
Green and Stonyhurst, but this is now little used.
North of the Fell is another important road, from
Chipping and Thornley to Clitheroe, crossing the
Hodder by the higher bridge.

The area of the township is 6,300^ acres, 5 ' 7
Aighton measuring 2,867 acres, Bailey 1,41 8 and
Chaigley 2,015. A detached part of Aighton called
Lennox's Farm was in 1883 transferred to Button,
within which township it lay. 8 In 1901 the popula-
tion numbered 1,310.

Aighton was in 1066 in the hundred of Amounder-
ness and apparently in the parish of Preston ; its
double transference to the hundred of Blackburn and
to the parish of Mitton was no doubt a consequence
of the early grants to the Lacy and Mitton families
respectively, as narrated below.

To the ancient 'fifteenth' 38^. was contributed,
when the hundred in all paid 37 is. jd., 9 and to
the county lay a proportionate sum.

The township is now governed by a parish council.

1 Two field* near the hall are called
Great and Little Stonyhurst.

* J. Gerard, Stonyhurst Coll. 1 24.

3 Ibid. 57. Sir Richard provided the
stone and paid 70 to the mason. In
the appended note is a statement by the
rector of Mitton in 1331 that the bridge
over the Hodder probably a wooden one

was frequently broken down, the river
being liable to floods.

4 An aqueduct carries the Blackburn
Corporation water-pipes across the river,
but there is no public footway by it.

*" 7 The Census Rep. of 1901 gives
6,289 >cres, including 108 of inland
water.

8 Transferred under the Divided Parishes
Act, 1882. The land is at the north
end of Dutton. The farm may have
taken its name from a Lynalx, related to
the old lords of Ribchester. A Thomas
Lenox had land in 1524 ; see below.

9 Gregson, Fragments (ed. Harland),
19.

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

Tumuli at Winkley 10 are supposed to mark the
scene of some ancient struggle for the passage of the
river, but the chief historical event is the stay of
Cromwell at Stbnyhurst on two occasions in August
i648. u The Jacobite rising of 1715 caused some
excitement. In Chnigley there are remains of a
barracks in which soldiers were then stationed in order
to quell the country. 12

Apart from the Shireburnes the most distinguished
native was Henry Holden, D.D., a Roman Catholic
divine born in 1596 at Chaigley. He took part in
the controversies of the time, and was himself sus-
pected of Jansenism, unjustly as it appears. He lived
abroad for the most part and became vicar-general of
Paris. He died in i66z. 13

In 1836, apart from agriculture, the industries
were hand-loom weaving of cotton, wood-bobbin
making, lime burning and stone quarrying. 14 At
present little corn is grown, the land being mostly
pasture ; the areas are thus returned for Aighton,
Bailey and Bowland with Leagram : arable land,
32 acres; permanent grass, 7,262^ ; woods and
plantations, 641 . 15 Oxen seem to have been used as
draught animals down to recent times. 16

The deer park at Stonyhurst existed till i855- 17
There are remains of a number of ancient crosses. 18
At Aighton there seems to have been a St. Michael's
Well. 19 In Chaigley is St. Chad's Well.

In 1086 4IGHTON, assessed as one
MANORS plough-land, was recorded among the
king's manors in Amounderness which
twenty years earlier had been held by Earl Tostig as
appurtenant to Preston, and after him by Roger of
Poitou. 20 Afterwards it belonged, for a time at least,
to Warine Bussel, one of Roger's knights and ancestor
of the lords of Penwortham. Again coming into the
king's hands, it was in 1102 given by Henry I to
Robert de Lacy, and from that time onward formed
part of the great fee or honor of Clitheroe. 21

Robert immediately bestowed Aighton, together
with Great Mitton and other manors, upon Ralph le
Rous, who was to hold them by the service of half a
knight's fee. 22 This grant was between 1135 an d
1 141 confirmed by Ilbert de Lacy, who in his charter
styled Ralph ' my brother.' Ralph was ancestor of
the Mitton family, who retained possession for some
1 50 years, though there is little to record of their
tenure. 23 In 1204 Stephen de Hamerton claimed

a plough-land in Aighton against Hugh de Mitton,
but released his right in 1208 on receiving 14 marks
from Hugh. 24 Ralph son of Robert de Mitton in
1235 secured from Jordan de Wheatley the acknow-
ledgement of his title to half an oxgang of land in
Aighton, 25 and seven years later Ralph was holding
the fourth part of a knight's fee in Aighton, &c.,
being part of the dower of the Countess of Lincoln.- 6
He was party to various suits in 1246 respecting
tenements in Aighton, 27 and his widow Margery was
claiming dower in certain lands there as late as
1 29 1. 28

Before 1300 Aighton was either sold or reverted to
the Earl of Lincoln as lord of Clitheroe, or else a
mesne manor had been created in favour of Margaret
de Holland, whose second husband Robert de Hephale
held of the earl the eighth part of a knight's fee
there. 29 Robert granted his manor of Aighton with
various lands to Ralph son of Sir Ralph de Mitton for

CROSS OF ST. PAULINUS ON THE FELLS,
AIGHTON

life. 30 It appears that Ralph de Mitton held some
lordship in Aighton as early as 1276 31 ; in 1284 he
claimed a tenement there against Anabil widoA of

10 Lanct. tnd Cket. Antiq. Soc. xii, 30 ;
xiii, 27.

11 Cromwell and his force, hastening
to meet the Duke of Hamilton, on
1 6 Aug. ' came at night to Mr. Shire-
burne'i house called Stonyhurst, about
Hodder Water, where the general lodged
that night, and his army encamped within
the park. Had a council of war that
night in which it was concluded to fight
the duke if he abode ' ; War in Lanes.
(Chet. Soc.), 65. After his victory over
the Scots he again stayed at Stonyhurst
for a night ; ibid. 67.

There are several allusions to it in
Cromwell's Letters (ed. Carlyle, 63, 64).
He crossed the Hodder probably by the
old higher bridge (predecessor of the pre-
sent one), at which point a council of
war was held ; Gerard, op. cit. 62. The
second stay was probably on 24 Aug.

lz T. C. Smith, Longridge, 31.

Is Diet. Nat. Biog. ; Gillow, Bibl. Diet.

of EngJ. Cath. iii, 332-8 ; Pal. Note Bk.
ii, 56, 127.

14 Baines, Lanes, (ed. 1836), iii, 370.

15 Statistics from Bd. of Agric. (1905).

16 Gerard, op. cit. 98. 17 Ibid. 80.

18 Lanes, and Chet. Antiq. Soc. xviii,
30-4. There are eight ancient crosses
named and several modern ones. The
oldest, perhaps, is that known as St.
Paulinus' Cross, of peculiar form ; it is
placed at Kemple End, high up on the
Fell.

Another ancient socket hss had a new
cross shaft inserted by Mr. W. W. Simp-
son of Winkley.

19 In 1 540 John Gill of ' Aghton '
(? Aighton) was charged with putting his
hemp into St. Michael's Well, near a cer-
tain stream called the Stone Brook. The
place may be Aughton near Ormskirk.

20 V.C.H. Lanes, i, 28 8 b.

n Farrer, Lanes. Fife R. 382 ; five
plough-lands in all were given.

Ibid. 385.

* 3 Whalley Couch. (Chet. Soc.), iii, 680.
The succession Hugh, d. 1209 -s.
Robert -s. Sir Ralph -s. Jordan, -s. John
is shown by the Cockersand Chartul.
(Chet. Soc.), ii, 520-3.

u Cur. Reg. R. 33 ; Final Cone.
(Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.), i, 34.

25 Ibid, i, 60.

* 6 Lanes. Inq. and Extents (Rec. Soc.
Lanes, and Ches.), i, 150.

27 He successfully resisted a claim for
an acre of wood put forward by Osbert de
Daniscoles, while Vitalis de Hope with-
drew a claim against him ; Assize R.
404, m. i, ii.

28 De Banco R. 90, m. 98 d.

39 Lanes. Inq. and Extents, i, 319. For
Margaret de Holland see the accounts of
Bolton and Chorley and Final Cone, ii,
80.

30 Kuerden MSS. iii, A 3, no. 60.

31 Assize R. 405, m. 3 a.

BLACKBURN HUNDRED

MITTON (PART OF)

Jordan de Mitton, 32 and was in 1292 called to warrant
lands. 33 In 1304 Ralph gave his manor of Aighton,
Bailey and Chaigley to Margery widow of Robert de
Hephale and received it from her for life. 34 Margaret
afterwards married Adam Banastre, who in 1311 was
recorded as holding of the Earl of Lincoln a plough-
land in Aighton by the service of the eighth part of a
knight's fee and a rent of 9</. 35 In 1313-14 the
lords of the place were Adam Banastre, Margaret then
his wife, and Denise widow of Ralph de Mitton. 36

John son of Richard son of Henry de Clitheroe in
1323-4 claimed common of turbary in Aighton
against Margaret widow of Adam Banastre, 37 and
similar claims were put forward by others against her
in conjunction with (her son) John son of Robert
de Hephale, Denise widow of Ralph de Mitton and
Bernard son of Thomas de Gressingham. 38 After
Margaret's death her manors were divided among her
daughters Alice wife of Robert de Shireburne,
Agnes wife (i) of Henry de Lea and (2) of Robert
de HornclifF, but apparently childless, Joan wife of
Thomas (or Robert) de Arderne, who left a son
Thomas, and Katherine wife of John de Harrington. 39
The heirs of Margaret Banastre held Aighton in

I346-55- 40

Robert de Shireburne appears to have acquired as
owner or tenant the shares of his sisters-in-law, so
becoming lord of the whole manor. 41 There are,
however, occasional traces of the other lordships, for
a fourth part of the manor of Aighton was included
in the HornclifF estate in 133 1. 42 In July 1352,
when John son of Hugh de Hacking claimed two
messuages, &c., in Aighton against William de
Yarrowdale, the defendant called the representatives
of Margaret Banastre to warrant him viz. Alice
widow of Robert de Shireburne, John de Harring-
ton the elder and his wife Katherine and Thomas
de Arderne (son of Joan). 43 Of these John de
Harrington of Farleton, in right of Katherine his
wife, in 1359 had a rent of 6o/. from tenements in
Aighton held for life by John de Bailey, 44 and the

Harrington interest in the manor continued to be
recognized in the inquisitions of the family and their
successors the Mounteagles until 1576, when Sir
Richard Shireburne compounded with Lord Mount-
eagle for the 6o/. free rent which had till then been
paid. 45 In 1409 Thomas de Chamber son and heir
of Elizabeth daughter and heir of Joan daughter and
heir of Sir Thomas de Arderne released to John de
Bailey and Robert de Towneley all his title in the
fourth part of the manor of Aighton with lands, &c.,
formerly belonging to Sir Thomas. 46

The Shireburne family had had the manor of
Hambleton in Amounderness
from the early part of the
i 3th century. 47 Robert son
of John de Shireburne occurs
in I292, 48 and later became
seneschal of Clitheroe, being
so described in the attestations
of charters, 49 &c. In 1313
he was pardoned for his share
in the execution or murder of
Piers Gaveston, having been
an adherent of the Earl of
Lancaster, 50 and about 1326
he was made a knight. 51 He

received from Margaret widow of Adam Banastre in
1329 her manor of Aighton, 52 and four years later,
in conjunction with Alice his wife, granted a fourth
part of the manor of Aighton, Bailey and Chaigley
to their son Robert. 53 Sir Robert and Alice his wife
were living in 133 8, 54 but Alice was a widow in
1342 55 ; she in 1353 granted to Sir John Tempest
and Katherine his wife the crops growing on certain
of her lands. 56

Sir Robert appears to have been succeeded by his
son Sir John de Shireburne, 87 who fought at Crecy and
Calais 58 ; but another son, William, had half the
manor of Aighton in I349, 59 an< ^ ln ^S 1 John
Boteler and others were charged with abducting
Ismania wife of William de Shireburne. 60 Sir John

SHIRKBURNK. Argent
a lion rampant vert.

s? Assize R. 1268, m. 12.

33 Ibid. 408, m. 32d.

34 Kuerden, loc. cit. Robert de Shire-
burne was a witness to Margery's charter.

35 De Lacy Inq. (Chet. Soc.), 1 7. At
the same time John de Daniscoles held
20 acres in Paniscoles, paying 6s. rent 5
ibid. 1 8.

36 Assize R. 424, m. 7 d. Adam Banas-
tre alone was defendant in 1312 to a
claim for a messuage and land put for-
ward by Henry son of Robert Atte Hall
of Aighton ; De Banco R. 195, m. 150 d.

37 Assize R. 425, m. i.

38 Ibid. m. 4 d. The plaintiffs were
Roger son of Richard Nowell and Ellen
his wife and Richard son of Gilbert the
Harper. In the following year, as Mar-
garet widow of Robert de Hephale, she
was again defendant ; Assize R. 426,
m. i d. Richard de Hephale was plain-
tiff in 1332 ; De Banco R. 288, m. 334.

In 1334 Sir Richard de Holland
claimed a messuage, mill, two plough-
lands, &c., in Aighton against William
de Livesey, Alice his wife, Adam the son
of William, Avice his wife and Richard
de Bury. The defence was that there
was only one plough-land, and that Sir
Richard had been convicted of felony ;
Coram Rege R. 297, m. 128. This case
incidentally exhibits the custody of the
Assize Rolls at that time.

89 See the account of Chorley.

40 Feud. Aids, iii, 88. They appear
to have been John de Harrington, Thomas
de Arderne and John de Bailey.

41 As in the Inq. p.m. of John de Bailey
cited later.

42 Final Cone, ii, 80.

43 Duchy of Lane. Assize R. 2, m. v d.

44 Inq. p.m. 36 Edw. Ill, pt. i,
no. 99.

45 Pal. of Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 38,
m. 59 ; and the Shireburne Abstract Bk.
at Leagram Hall. This book gives notes
of two payment* in the time of Henry V
and later.

46 Dtp. Keeper's Rep. xxxiii, App. 10.

47 See the account of that township,
Carleton, &c. John de Shireburne occurs
in 1262 (Final Cone, i, 136) ; John and
Eva his wife in 1281 ; De Banco R. 43,
m. 3.

48 Assize R. 408, m. 59 d.

49 E.g. Dods. MSS. cxlix, fol. 37*.

50 Palgrave, Parl. Writs.

61 At the beginning of that year he
was excused knighthood till Whitsuntide ;
ibid.

sa Kuerden MSS. iii, A3, no. 64.

58 Ibid. no. 67. Robert son of Robert
de Shireburne had in 1331 'put in his
claim ' in a settlement of the manors ;
Final Cone, ii, 81. He was probably the
Robert who was knight of the shire in

1335 ; Pink and Beaven, Parl. Repre. of
Lanes. 25. He seems to have died about
that time without issue, and in 1336 John
de Shireburne appears ; ibid.

64 Kuerden MSS. ii, fol. 260.

s Ibid.

56 Ibid, iii, A3, no. 69.

*' Sir Robert gave lands in Much Hoole
and Formby to his son John in 1338, and
in 1345 Sir John de Shireburne made a
grant of lands in Hoole ; Kuerden MSS.
ii, fol. 260.

In 1343 Sir John de Shireburne and
John de Charnley were charged with
killing a servant of Nicholas Bagot at the
Cartford on Ribble Sand, but were found
not guilty ; Assize R. 430, m. 31 d. (32).

58 Crecy and Calait (Will. Salt Soc.
xviii), 35, 100, &.c.

Sir John had a wife Margaret, who
afterwards married William de Dransfielti
and was living in 1391 ; Final Cone, iii,
38.

59 Kuerden MSS. iii, A3, no. 66 ; the
seal bears a lion rampant. Robert de
Shireburne and William his brother are
mentioned in 1323 ; Coram Rege R. 254,
m. 42.

60 Assize R. 434, m. 2. Ismania may
have been a widow thrn, as she was in
1354, when claiming dower in Hamble-
ton ; Duchy of Lane. Assize R. 3,
m. iij.

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

left two sons Robert and Richard ; the former was in
I 349 married to Emma daughter of Sir William de
Plumpton, 61 but must have died shortly afterwards, for
in i 35 I, on being betrothed to Alice, sister of Emma,
Richard was described as son of Sir John de Shire-
burne and heir-apparent of Alice widow of Sir Robert
de Shireburne. 69 Sir Richard de Shireburne in 1361
granted to Richard de Bailey and others the moiety
of the manor of Aighton lately belonging to his
uncle William. 63 He died in or before 1370, when
his widow Alice claimed the custody of his son
Richard. 64 Of this son nothing further is known, and
his sisters Joan and Margaret succeeded, the latter
becoming sole heiress. Margaret was by 1377 married
to Richard son of John de Bailey," and her son
adopted Shireburne as his surname.

John de Bailey, ancestor of the later Shireburne or
Sherburne family, was seated at STONTHURST.
This was the name of some land in Aighton granted
before 1209 by Hugh son of Jordan de Mitton to
Ellis son of Alexander de Winkley, 66 who obtained a
confirmation from Hugh's son Robert. 67 The new
owner probably took Stonyhurst for a surname, several
of the family attesting local charters. About 1290
Henry de Wath and Margaret his wife granted to
Walter son of Jordan de Bailey the land called the
Stonyhurst which they had acquired from Thomas
Loucoks of Stonyhurst 68 ; a fine of 1292 appears to
be in confirmation of it. 69 John son of Walter de
Bailey made in 1323 an exchange of lands in Aighton
with William de Winkley, 70 and acquired other lands
there in 1330 and later. 71 He in 1349 obtained a
moiety of the manor from William de Shireburne,
and this was settled upon him and his male issue in
1 36 1. 72 John son of Walter de Bailey was still
living in 1370 and I37I, 73 being probably the John

de Bailey the elder who attested a deed in the latter
year. 74 He is said to have died in I372. 75

John son of John de Bailey appears in 1364 as
making a feoffment of lands in Button received from
John son of Walter de Bailey 76 ; he acquired lands in
Aighton in I367 77 and 1^76 while in 1372 he
obtained licence for an oratory at Stonyhurst. 79 At his
death in 1391 John de Bailey held the Shireburne
manor of Aighton, either as trustee for his grandson
Richard or by purchase. One fourth part was said to
be held of the Duke of Lancaster in chief, another
fourth by knight's service, another of Sir Nicholas de
Harrington by a rent of 6o/. and the other of the
heirs of Sir Thomas de Arderne by 6$s. ^.d. a year. 80 " 1

Sir Nicholas de Harrington was the guardian of
Richard de Bailey and Agnes his wife. 82 Mabel the
widow of John in 1403 demised her dower lands in
Aighton to Richard son and heir of Richard son and
heir of John de Bailey. 83 In 1414 the same Richard
held a fourth part of the manor of Sir Thomas de
Arderne, ' rendering 4 marks a year to John de
Bailey, which yearly rent, together with the rever-
sion of the said fourth part, &c., the aforesaid John
lately had of the gift and grant of William Mountford
and Elizabeth his wife, daughter and heir of Joan
daughter and heir of the said Sir Thomas.' w Richard
was knight of the shire in I42O, 85 and died in 1441
holding the manor of Aighton of the king as Earl of
Lincoln in socage ; with manors and lands elsewhere,
as in Hambleton, Poulton, Freckleton, Longton,
Chorley and Bolton-le-Moors. 86 By his will he pro-
vided for the inclosing of St. Nicholas' chapel in
Mitton Church, 87 to which Agnes his widow, who
died in 1445, was aLo a benefactor. 88

His son Richard, as appears from his monumental
inscription, 89 had died a few days before him, so that

41 Kuerden MSS. ii, fol. 260.

M Ibid. Hi, A 3, no. 68.

48 Ibid. no. 72 ; the seal shows six
fusils in fesse charged with escallops.

64 De Banco R. 440, m. 20 ; the defen-
dant was Robert son of William de
Clifton. Alice afterwards married Sir
John Boteler, and in 1373 released her
right to dower in lands in Aighton for-
merly belonging to William son of Sir
Robert de Shireburne ; Kuerden MSS.
i.i, A 3, no. 70.

44 Dods. MSS. cliii, fol. 101 ; an in-
denture between Sir John Boteler and
John de Bailey.

44 Stonyhurst Coll. D. ; the bounds,
which at several points were indicated by
oak trees, began at an alder trunk in the
Stonyway by the arable land in Stony-
hurst, went east to Thuvicarr, then north
to a strip of land round Ellis's houses,
and by it to Stony Brook, running west ;
then south and east to the starting-point.

47 Ibid.

48 Robert de Hephale, seneschal of
Blackburnshire, was one of the wit-
nesses.

Jordan de Bailey is named in 1257 ;
Lanes. Inq. and Extents, i, 204. Jordan
son of Jordan de Bailey was plaintiff in
1292 ; Assize R. 408, m. 4.

Amice widow of Jordan de Bailey,
William de Edisforth and Margaret hit
wife were in 1312 defendants to a claim
by Thomas de Bradhurst in right of his
wife Agnes ; De Banco R. 195, m. 153 d.;
199, m. 60.

69 Final Cone, i, 176 ; a messuage, 8
acres of land, <fcc.

70 Towneley MS. DD, no. 644.

71 Christiana widow of William Pye of
Clitheroe and daughter of Adam son of
Roger de Clitheroe in 1330 released to
him the Aighton lands of Richard son of
William de Edisforth ; deed cited in
Duchy of Lane. Assize R. 7, m. 5 d. In
1 346 John de Bailey claimed messuages
and land in Aighton against Adam son of
Henry Harrison of Aighton, and appears
as plaintiff or defendant two years later ;
De Banco R. 348, m. 194; 354,01. 82 d.;
355, m. 124.

ri Kuerden MSS. iii, A 3, no. 65-6.
In the same year, as stated in the text,
Sir Richard de Shireburne granted a
moiety of the manor to Richard son of
John son of Walter de Bailey, Jordan de
Bailey chaplain and Ralph son of Robert
de Bailey ; ibid. no. 72.

73 Add. MS. 32107, no. 888, 872.

74 DD, no. 658.

74 Gerard, Stonyhurst Coll. 44. The
seal of John de Bailey, 1365, bore an
eagle displayed ; Towneley MS. C 8, 1 3
(Chet. Lib.), 563.

76 Kuerden MSS. ii, fol. 260.

77 Final Cnc. ii, 173 ; from Adam son
of John de Blackburn and Alice his
wife.

78 DD, no. 670 ; Adam de Winkley
granted a toft, &c., adjoining Stonyhurst
to John son of John de Bailey in exchange
for three plats of land and wood called
the Pighle, Hodderford ridding and the
Foxholes adjoining Winkley. The seal
bore an eagle displayed.

79 Gerard, op. cit. 45.

SO" 1 Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Chet. Soc.), i, 44.

The last-named rent is probably an error
for 53*. 4</., i.e. 4 marks. John de Bailey
in 1391 made provision for the singing of
300 masses for his soul and the souls of
his parents, &c., by one or more honest
chaplains within two years ; Add. MS.
32106, no. 195.

89 Final Cone, iii, 38.

83 Kuerden MSS. iii, A 3, no. 59.

M Ibid. no. 74. See note 46 above.
Bailey was probably trustee for Richard.

84 Pink and Bcaven, Part. Repre. of
Lanes. 51. In 1423 he acquired from
Richard son of William del Riddings land
at Winkley which had in 1331 been
granted by John del Riddings to his
brother William to be held of the chief
lords by a rent of yd. ; Add. MS. 32305,
no. 1026, 1136. The Shireburne seal
appended to a feoffment of the manor of
Wiswell in 1429 bears quarterly I and 4,
a lion rampant ; 2 and 3, an eagle dis-
played ; Kuerden MSS. iii, A 3, no. 76.

Richard Shireburne and Agnes his wife
in 1421 obtained the pope's licence for a
portable altar ; Col. Papal Letters, vii,
330.

8 * Lanes. Rec. Inq. p.m. no. 30, 31 ;
the clear annual value of the manor of
Aighton was 20.

87 Test. Ebor. (Surtees Soc.), ii, 75.
This bequest reads : ' Also I will that a
closet be made honestly at the said altar
of St. Nicholas upon my cost.' He
bequeathed vestments, &c., for the priest
saying mass there and desired to be buried
in the chapel. ** Ibid, ii, 105.

8Whitaker, Whallcy, ii, 493, refer-
ring to Harl. MS. 804, fol. 99^.

BLACKBURN HUNDRED

MITTON (PART OF)

the heir was a grandson named Robert, son of the
younger Richard by his wife Alice Hamerton, 90
and only six years of age. Little is recorded of
Robert's fifty years' tenure of the manor. 91 He died
in 1492 holding Aighton of Sir Edward Stanley,
successor of Harrington, by the rent of 6os. ; also
various other manors and lands. Provision had been
made in 1489 for Thomas and Roger, younger sons,
and in 1491 for Anne daughter of Sir Thomas
Talbot, who was to marry Hugh grandson of
Robert. The heir was Robert's son Sir Richard
Shireburne, then thirty years of age. 92 He died in
1513 holding the manor as before, and leaving a
son Hugh, thirty years of age, to inherit. 93 Hugh's
son Thomas of full age succeeded in I5z8, 94 but did
not long continue, dying in I535~6, 9i during his
term of office as sheriff. 96

Richard the son and heir of Thomas was said to
be ten years old at his father's death. 97 He held the
manor for nearly sixty years, and for most of the
time was one of the leading men in the county. In
1544 he was made a knight during the invasion of
Scotland in that year, Edinburgh being captured. 98
He was a member of the Parliaments of Mary's time, 99
but not later ; nor was he ever sheriff. Religion
probably kept him from these employments after
1559, for such as he was he favoured Roman
Catholicism. 100 Towards the end of his life, about
1591, it was reported to the queen's ministers that
Sir Richard and his family * are recusants and do not
go to church, or if they do, stop their ears with wool
lest they should hear ; that he kept a priest in Queen
Mary's time ; had one brought to confess his wife
when ill ; relieves Richard Startevant, who is con-
versant with Dr. Allen and other Jesuits and is

suspected to be a Jesuit, and for that reason he
put Roger Startevant out of the book for payment
of this subsidy ; that he says he could apprehend
massing priests but will disturb no man for his
conscience ; that he threatens revenge, with death,
against those that preferred the articles against him ;
that he has several times, from 1585 to 1588, laid
upon the inhabitants of Lancashire too high taxes for
soldiers, and kept the money in his hands and refuses
to account for it ; that he threatens to hang constables
by martial law unless they collect the sums so taxed ;
that he retains sundry sums due to people on the
end of the last lottery ; that he threatened vengeance
on Simon Haydock, who refused to sell him lands at
Chorley, if he continued in his lieutenancy ; that he
has been guilty of incest and adultery ; and has
never lent the queen money by privy seal, though
worth more than i ,000 a year.' 101 He was at
one time a member of the Ecclesiastical Commission
of the North, the object of which was to exterminate
Roman Catholicism. 102 He was master forester of
Bowland, a deputy-lieutenant of the county and the
Earl of Derby's lieutenant of the Isle of Man. 103 He
married Maud Bold, and had several children by her,
as well as illegitimate offspring by various mistresses ;
one of these he married immediately after his wife's
death in I588. 104 Though involved in a great num-
ber of lawsuits 10i he prospered, adding much to the
family wealth 106 ; he rebuilt the Shireburne aisle in
Mitton Church, 107 and began a new hall at Stony-
hurst, 108 which his son continued.

Sir Richard died 26 July 1594 holding the
manors of Aighton, Wiswell, Dutton, Carleton,
Hambleton, Longton, Bispham, Norcross and
Whittingham ; a moiety of the manor of Chorley, a

90 In 1422 an agreement was made by
which Richard son of Richard Shireburne
was to marry Maud daughter of Lawrence
Hamerton ; Towneley MS. HH, no. 101.

91 Sir John Boteler in 1447 released to
Robert Shireburne the younger all right
in various lands ; Towneley MS. C 8, 13
(Chet. Lib.), 145. In 1467 a covenant
was made that 'an honest secular priest'
should celebrate mass four times a week
at ' the chapel of the manor of Stony-
hurst ' for various persons deceased ;
Foley, Rec. 5. J. v, 401, from the Shire-
burne Abstract Bk. at Leagram.

98 Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. iii, no. 92 ;
the tenure of the manor of Aighton seems
to be imperfectly recorded.

A papal dispensation for the marriage
of Richard Shireburne to Joan Langton
was granted in 1472 ; Test. Ebor. iii, 341.

98 Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. iv, no. 46
His will (1508) is recited.

Hugh Shireburne was accused of
adultery in 1517; Whallty Act Bk.
(Chet. Soc.), 55, 66.

94 Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. vi,
no. 65 ; the tenure of Aighton was
recorded as ' of the king as of his earldom
of Lincoln ' in socage by a rent of yd,
Dower was in 1537 assigned to Anne
widow of Hugh Shireburne ; ibid, viii,
no. 27. For the administration of his
estate see Whalley Act Bk. 1 1 9.

93 Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. viii, no. 33;
the manor of Aighton was held of the
king as Earl of Lincoln, a rent of yd.
being due for castle ward. In addition
to the manors and lands in his possession
Thomas Shireburne had the reversion of
others held for life by his uncle Roger

Shireburne in Carleton, &c. ; by Richard
Shireburne in Wiswell, &c. ; by Thomas
bastard son of Sir Richard in Leyland, &c. ;
and by Robert son of Hugh Shireburne
in Aighton.

In 1529-30 Thoma* Shireburne wa
accused of poaching in the forest of Bow-
land ; C. D. Sherborn, Family of Sherborn,

*5-

98 P.R.O. Litt, 73.

97 The age may have been understated.
Special licence of entry was granted him
in 1544 ; Def. Keeper's Rep. xxxix, App.
559. He was married at Farnworth in
Widnes on 26 Oct. 1539, but his wife't
name is not given ; Reg.

98 Metcalfe, Bk. of Knights, 76.

99 In 1 5 5 3, for the county ; Nov. 1554,
Preston ; 1555, Liverpool; 1557-8,
Preston ; Pink and Beaven, op. cit. 63,
143, 181, 144.

100 He may be the ' Master Shireburne '
of George Marsh's story who was at
Lathom when this Protestant preacher
was examined there by the Earl of Derby
in 1554. He did not argue with Marsh,
professing himself ignorant of the Scrip-
tures, but lamented that ' a well-favoured
young man and one that might have good
living and do good would so foolishly cast
himself away, sticking so hard to such
foolish opinions ' ; Foxe, Acts and Monum.
(ed. Cattley), vii, 43-4.

101 Cal. S. P. Dom. 1591-4, p. 159.
Richard Startevant was a confidential
servant of Cardinal Allen's in 1583 ;
Knox, Douay Diaries, 193. About ten years
later he seems to have begun his studies for
the priesthood ; Foley, Rec. S. /. vi, 194.

102 He was said to use his position to

be 'an intelligencer to the Papists of
Lancashire ' ; Gibson, Lydiate Hall, quot-
ing S. P. Dom. Eliz. ccxl. Dodsworth is
given as authority for the assertion that
Elizabeth winked at his recusancy.

108 M.I. at Mitton ; Whitaker, Craven
(ed. Morant), 24.

10< A pedigree was recorded in 1567 ;
Visit. (Chet. Soc.), 58. The second wife
was Isabel Wood. For the wills of Sir
Richard and Dame Isabel see Raines,
Chantries (Chet. Soc.), 267 ; Wills (Chet.
Soc. new ser.), ii, 179.

Sir Richard's portrait in oils and
several other family pictures are preserved
at Leagram Hall ; Sherborn, op. cit. 35.

105 See Ducatus Lane. (Rec. Com.), ii,
212 (Paradise in Aighton) ; iii, n (Dani-
scoles in Aighton), 102 (Chaigley), &c.

106 The fines show a large number of
purchases made by him in the Aighton
district; for instance, in 1556 he pur-
chased two messuages, &c., in Aighton
and Hambleton from Sir Thomas Hesketh
and Alice his wife ; Pal. of Lane. Feet of
F. bdle. 1 6, m. 15. Lands in Aighton
were held by Thomas Hesketh of Ruffbrd
in 1523, but the tenure was unknown ;
Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. v, no. 16.

A purchase from John Grimshaw of
Clayton is recorded in Add. MS. 32105,
no. 877.

A settlement was made in 1579 ; Pal.
of Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 41, m. 199.

107 Whitaker, Craven, quoting Dods.
MSS. v, 41. Sir Richard in his will desired
to be buried 'in the midst of my new
quire.' The same expression occurs in
his sen Richard's will, 1627.

IDS Gerard, op. cit. 53-4.

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

fourth part of that of Bolton-le-Moors ; the hundred,
bailiwick and view of frankpledge of Leylandshire ;
with messuages, lands, &c., in Aighton, Chaigley and
Bailey and some thirty other townships ; fisheries in
the Ribble, Hodder, Douglas and Wyre ; also the
manor of Wigglesworth and other estates in York-
shire. 109 Richard his son was thirty-seven years of
age on succeeding. 110 He was captain of the Isle of
Man for fifteen years, 111 and in 1596 obtained from
the Crown a lease of the barony of Bangor Sabell in
Dalby there, which lease was renewed to his des-
cendants. 112 Perhaps more compliant in religion than
his father, 113 he acted as sheriff in i6i3-i4. 114 A
pedigree was recorded about the same time. 115 He
added to the family estates and died in 1628, leaving
as heir his son Richard, thirty-seven years of age, the
eldest son Henry having died before his father. 116

Richard Shireburne, though lax in his religion at
one time, 117 was prepared to suffer for it when he
came into his inheritance, and in 1632 compounded for
the two-thirds of the estates liable to sequestration for
his recusancy by an annual payment of 48 I 3/. 4^. 113
He took the king's side in the Civil War, 119 and on
his monument is described as ' an eminent sufferer for
his loyal fidelity to King Charles I of ever-blessed
memory.' 120 His estates were of course sequestered
by the Parliament, and at last his sufferings broke his
spirit, for there is evidence that he recovered pos-
session by renouncing his religion. 121 He lived to
see the Restoration, dying in i667. 123 A pedigree
was recorded in i664. 123

His son Richard, founder of the Shireburne Alms-
houses and other charities, was under suspicion at
the time of the Gates Plot. He, his wife Isabel and
his sons Richard and Nicholas were indicted as
recusants in l678, 124 while Stonyhurst was denounced
as the centre of ' a damnable Jesuit plot.' An account
of it was published in 1679 by Robert Bolron, one
of Lord Shaftesbury's agents, under the title of The
Papist? Bloody Oath of Secrecy. He had been sent

down to search the house, and ' in the chamber of
the chaplain ... he found a copy of the constitu-
tions of the common fund for the Lancashire secular
clergy, a charity still existing for the relief of infirm
and decayed members. This document, written in
Latin, dated 28 February 1675, and bearing the
names of the members and officers,' was denounced as
a plot ' for the destruction of his most sacred Majesty
and the Protestant religion.' 126 At the Revolution
Richard Shireburne was ar-
rested as loyal to James II,
and died in prison at Man-
chester in 1689. 126 His elder
son Richard dying without
issue in l69O 127 was succeeded
by the younger son Nicholas,
who had been created a
baronet in l685-6. 128 A
settlement of Aighton and
other manors was made by
him on succeeding. 129 Sir
Nicholas remained faithful to
the Stuarts and was accused
of complicity in the alleged
' Lancashire Plot ' of 1 694. 130
infirm to take part in the rising of 1715, and was
not even charged as an accomplice, though in
November, in readiness for the Jacobite incursion, a
supper party at Stonyhurst spent the night in casting
bullets and next morning took with them four of his
coach horses, with guns and pistols. 131 He carried
out his father's charitable designs by building alms-
houses and in other ways ; but his plans for improving
the hall were checked by the sudden death of his
only son Richard Francis in I7O2. 132 His other
child Mary in 1709 married Thomas the eighth
Duke of Norfolk. Sir Nicholas registered his estates
as a 'Papist' in 1717, the annual value being set
down as 1,1 5o. 133 He died in the same year, 134
and his daughter recorded his character as ' a man of

SHIRF.BURNE of Stony-
hurst, baronet. Argent
a lion rampant guardant
vert.

He was probably too

iM Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. xvi, no. 3;
the manor of Aighton was said to be held
of the queen as of the earldom of Lincoln
in socage.

110 Livery was granted on 17 Feb.
1594-5 5 D'p- Keeper's Rep. xxxix, App.
559. A feoffment by Richard Shireburne
in 1597, mentioning his former wife
Katherine and his then wife Anne, is in
Add. MS. 32106, no. 773. The will of
Anne Shireburne may be seen ibid. no.
1043.

111 Whitaker, Whalley, ii, 490, quoting
his epitaph. His wife Katherine Stourton
was niece to Henry Earl of Derby, lord
of Man. She died at Kirkmalee, near
Castle Rushen, leaving three surviving
children, Henry, Richard and Katherine;
four had died ; Shireburne Abstract Bk.

114 Ibid. ; renewals in 1669 and 1698
are recorded.

113 In the epitaph quoted is a prayer for
ihe dead. P.R.O. List, 73.

115 Visit, of 1613 (Chet. Soc.), 27.

116 Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. xxvi, no.4.
His will is in Will* (Chet. Soc. new
sen), ii, 199. He had an illegitimate
daughter ; Cal. S. P. Dom. 1619-23,
pp. 239, 362.

"7 He was godfather to one of Sir
Ralph Assheton's children (a Protestant)
in 1 6 1 7 ; Auhe ton's Journal (Chet. Soc.), 1 6.

118 Trans. Hist. Soc. (new ser.), xxiv,
178.

In 1642 he desired permission ' to go
to the waters of Bourbon ' with his wife,
daughter and servant ; Hist. AfSS. Com.
Rep. v, 63. The journey probably related
to the education of his children on the
Continent, as Richard his son was at
St. Omers in 1643-6 ; Gerard, op. cit. 64.

119 A Mr. Shireburne of Stonyhurst
was taken prisoner at Rowton Heath in
1645 ; Ches. Sheaf (Ser. 3), v, 1 8. This
was perhaps not the head of the family.

120 Whitaker, Whalley, ii, 491.

111 Cal. Com. for Comp. iii, 1996 ; Cal.
Com. for Advancing Money, iii, 1362. It
appeared that Richard Shireburne himself
was not a convicted recusant, but his wife
was ; and ' his children were educated in
popery.' The doubt arises from the
appearance of more than one of the name.
Richard of Stonyhurst had refused to come
and take the oath of abjuration in 1651.

A settlement of his manors of Aighton,
Bailey, Chaigley, Wiswell, Dutton, Ham-
bleton and Longton, with extensive lands,
two water-mills, two windmills, three dove-
cotes, &c., was made by him in 1647 ;
Pal. of Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 145, m. 4.

128 An abstract of his will is printed by
C. D. Sherborn (op. cit. 45). It records
the alienation of 4,000 from his son's
wife's settlement on account of the alleged
dishonesty of his son Richard.

128 Dugdale, Visit. (Chet. Soc.), 263.

184 Hist. MSS. Com. Rep. xiv, App. iv,

109. Richard the son occurs in a list of
'Papists fled from justice ' in 1680 ; ibid,
xi, App. ii, 240.

125 J. Gillow, Bill. Diet, of Engl. Cath.
iv, 326 ; ' in the document which he prints
the wretched informer has cut out every-
thing which would denote the real object
of the association.' See also Pal. Note Bk.
ii, 8,41.

126 M.I. in Mitton Church. A mortu-
ary list of his time (copied 1724) shows
that the priest at Chipping was ' to cele-
brate three times a week, offering up one
mass for Richard Shireburne of Stony-
hurst, esquire, and Isabel his wife,' &c. ;
Foley, Rec. S. J. v, 339. la7 M.I.

188 G.E.C. Complete Baronetage, iv, 138.
129 Pal. of Lane. Plea R. 452, m. 7.

180 Jacobite Trials (Chet Soc.), 3, &c.

181 Payne, Rec. of Engl. Cath. 145-6.

182 j-{ e was on iy eight years old. The
tradition is that he died of eating some
poisonous berries in the garden at Stony-
hurst.

133 Estcourt and Payne, Engl. Cath.
Non-jurors, 114, 200, 309. He had large
estates in Yorkshire and Northumberland
as well as in Lancashire. A catalogue
of the Shireburne deeds, made for him in
1715, is preserved at Leagram Hall. He
compiled a pedigree of his family, now at
Lulworth.

184 M.I. in Mitton Church ; Whitaker,
Whallcy, ii, 491-2.

ADAPTED IKOM A
CENTDKr TIM

FIRST ODOK P1AN

GROUND nflDR P1AN

ip o 1Q 20 30 4p 30 GO 70 p?| ILIZPESTROffl)
APPROOMATR SC^LE of EET I I NOT BUDT
MITTON : PLANS OF STONYHURST

BLACKBURN HUNDRED

MITTON (PART OF)

great humanity, sympathy and concern for the good
of mankind . . . He particularly set his neighbour-
hood a-spinning of Jersey wool and provided a man to
comb the wool and a woman who taught them to
spin, whom he kept in his house and allotted several
rooms he had in one of the courts of Stonyhurst for
them to work in, and the neighbours came to spin
accordingly . . . from April 1699 to August 1701.
When they had all learnt he gave the nearest neigh-
bour each a pound or half a pound of wool ready for
spinning, and wheel, to set up for themselves ; which
did a vast deal of good to that north side of Kibble
in Lancashire.' 135

The Duchess of Norfolk occasionally resided at
Stonyhurst in her husband's lifetime, and it became
her home in her widowhood, 1732 to I754. 136 She
held the estates in fee simple and bequeathed them
to the next-of-kin, the issue of her aunt Elizabeth,
sister of Sir Nicholas, who had married William
Weld of Lulworth in Dorset. Their grandson,
Edward Weld, who died in 1761, became lord of
Aighton, but did not reside there, 137 and his son
Thomas 138 in 1 794 gave the hall and 44 acres of
land around it to the Jesuits of the Liege Academy, 139
the successor of St. Omers, founded in 1592 ; and
they established the school there. Thomas Weld
had been a pupil of the college while it was stationed
at Bruges, 1762 to 1773, and had the satisfaction of
seeing his old school beginning to prosper in the
place he had given ; he died suddenly at Stonyhurst
I August 1 8 10, having travelled thither to be present
at the opening of new buildings. 140 His son Thomas
Weld, left a widower, was ordained priest in 1821
and was appointed a cardinal in 1829. He sold
considerable parts of the Aighton estates and died in
i837- 141 His trustees and heir sold the manor of
Aighton to the college in 1841, subject to a rent-
charge of 6 for the poor of Leagram. 142 The
college also acquired various parts of the estates as
they were sold.

In 1836 courts for Aighton and Chaigley were
held by Cardinal Weld, 143 and the Aighton manor
court continued to be held down to 1900 by the
rector of Stonyhurst and the college trustees. 144

Situated on the lower slope of Longridge Fell ' the
turrets of princely STONTHURST 148 rise amid a
pleasantly wooded country. Of the house 146 that
existed prior to the time of Sir Richard Shireburne
no portion now remains except a few fragments, here-
after referred to, which have been preserved. There is
enough evidence, however, in old prints and from other
sources to give some idea of the mediaeval mansion,
the principal part of which seems to have stood
somewhere about the north-east corner of the present
quadrangle. On this site there were standing well
into the I9th century a number of quaint and
ancient buildings 147 which when taken down revealed
traces of a structure said to have been of late I4th or
early 15th-century date. 148 The destruction of the
buildings known as the old infirmary, or Sparrow's
Hall, 149 on the north side of the quadrangle in 1856
brought to light what were thought to be traces of
the chapel for which a licence was obtained in 1372,
including some carved oak spandrels similar in style
to those in the roof of Mitton Church, which date
from the late years of the reign of Edward III, 150
and in a further demolition in the kitchen court in 1861
a portion of an old window with moulded oakmullions,
said to have been of late 14th-century date, which
had been hidden by an 18th-century structure put
up in front of it, was discovered.

These fragments, though revealing very little as to
the size or appearance of the mediaeval house, seem
to indicate that a building of some importance
occupied part of the present site some 200 years or
more before the present building was begun by Sir
Richard Shireburne. To these buildings, whatever
they were like, Hugh Shireburne, the grandfather of
the Elizabethan builder, seems to have made con-
siderable additions about the year 1523, some

13S Whitaker, ffhalley, ii, 491-2. Sir
Nicholas and his lady, among their other
charities, used to give ' on All Souls' Day
a considerable deal of money to the poor ;
Lady Shireburne serving them with her
own hands that day."

The 'Stonyhurst Buck Hunt,' an old
ballad naming Sir Nicholas, the Duke of
Norfolk, Mr. Penketh and others, is
printed in N. and Q. (Ser. ij, x, 503.
Many interesting details of Sir Nicholas'
life and character will be found in Gerard,
op. cit. 40, 69-75. A note of Lady
Shireburne's nuncupative will is printed
in Payne's Rec. of Engl. Cath. 26.

186 A settlement of the manors of
Aighton, Bailey, Chaigley, Dutton, Wis-
well, Carleton, Hambleton, Leagram and
Ribchester, with other Shireburne estates,
was made in 1719 by Thomas Duke of
Norfolk and Mary his wife ; Pal. of
Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 284, m. 81. In
1737 there was a recovery by Mary
Dowager Duchess of Norfolk ; Pal. of
Lane. Plea R. 544, m. 13. An estate
map of 1733 showing the Shireburne
lands at that time is now at Stonyhurst.

The duchess married her kinsman the
Hon. Peregrine Widdrington, a Jacobite
who was 'out' in 1715; G.E.C. Com-
plete Peerage, vi, 56.

187 For the later descents see Burke,
Commoners, i, 198-9 and Landed Gentry.

138 Thomas Weld in 1777 was tenant

of the hundred of Leyland ; the manor*
of Aighton, Bailey and Chaigley, Chorley,
Longton, Great Carleton, Hambleton,
Dutton, Ribchester, Wiswell, Howath
and Stidd ; the advowson of Mitton ;
lands, &c. ; Pal. of Lane. Plea R. 625,
m. lod. 16, 40 (recovery).

139 He afterwards gave Hodder Place
and lands there. A formal deed of gift
was executed in 1809. See Gerard, op.
cit. 39, 91, 115, 136.

It appears that Mr. Weld had in 1772
offered it to Bishop William Walton for
a residence, on condition that the Jesuit
chaplain should remain, but the offer was
declined. Afterwards in 1793 he would
have given it to the English students
expelled from Douay by the French
Revolution, again on condition that the
Jesuits should have charge ; Gillow, Bibl.
Diet, of Engl. Cath. iv, 327.

140 Gerard, op. cit. 136.

141 Ibid. 137 (there is a portrait, ibid.
92) ; Diet. Nat. Biog. He had a daughter
Mary Lucy, who married Lord Clifford
of Chudleigh. His brothers were Joseph
Weld of Lulworth and George Weld of
Leagram.

143 End. Char. Rep. for Whalley (White-
well), 1902, p. 3.

143 Baines, Lanes, (ed. i), iii, 371 ; the
dependency on Clitheroe was still recog-
nized.

144 Information of Fr. J. Keating.

145 Grindon, Lanes. 207, 331.

146 In the following account of Stony-
hurst Hall use has been made of the
Rev. John Gerard's Stonyhurst College
Centenary Record, 1894, and also of the
articles by the Rev. C. S. Beauclerk in
the Stonyhurst Mag. 1885. The editors
also wish to put on record their thanks
to the authorities at the college for in-
formation and help most readily given.

147 Gerard, op. cit. 47.

148 ' One of these relics is still to be
seen, though removed from its original
position, in the shape of a round-headed
stone doorway, through which was the
passage from the house to the back pre-
mises. . . . It is now (1894) in the inner
dairy' ; ibid. 48.

149 Sparrow's Hall (so called after
Mr. Sparrow, Mr. Weld's steward, who
resided there) was externally a building
of later and uncertain but probably
16th-century date, of little or no archi-
tectural interest.

iso < When the ceiling was pulled down
an oaken roof was laid bare, the spandrels
of every panel being carved with roses.
At one end of the room was a recess ' ;
record of an eye-witness of the demolition
printed in the Stonyhurst Mag. i, 286.
All these spandrels have disappeared ex-
cept one, which, however, is not carved
with roses; Stonyhurst Mag. (1885),
101.

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

portions of which, at the east end of the old south
front, stood until 1 807 and others till as late as 1 86 1 .
The portion taken down in 1807 was entirely of
wood and plaster, but had been refaced in the
1 8th century with stone and sash windows introduced.
Standing to the south-east of the Elizabethan house,
its north side fronted what is now the kitchen court,
and the other fragments of the older house occurring
on the north and north-east side of the present
quadrangle suggest that the whole of the pre-
Elizabethan mansion occupied a site more or less
covered to-day by the buildings, the quadrangle and
the kitchen yard. The minstrels' gallery at the
bottom of the great hall, now the boys' refectory,
constructed in 1857 out of timber from Hugh
Shireburne's buildings, bears the inscription in black-
letter characters ' Quant je puis Hugo Sherburn
Armig . me fieri fecit Ao. Dni. MCCCCCXXIII.
Et sicut fuit sic fiat,' m and the external walling of
Sparrow's Hall, already referred to, may have been
Hugh Shireburne's work. Built into it were a number
of carved stones which are supposed to have come
from Whalley Abbey, but if this were so it would
place the erection of the front after Hugh Shireburne's
death in 1528. The most interesting of these stones
were two corbel angels bearing shields with the
emblems of the Passion and above them an inscription
' Sicut fuerit voluntas in coelo sic fiat Factum est hoc
capellum anno . . .,' not, however, in its original
situation, as the words were misplaced. 152 There were
also five stones in this part of the building carved
with devices, two of which were evidently the arms
of the Lacys, the founders and patrons of Whalley
Abbey, viz. a lion rampant, which was their family
cognizance, and three garbs which they bore as
Constables of Chester. 183

The exact date when Sir Richard Shireburne com-
menced rebuilding the house is not known, though
it is pretty certain that it was somewhere about the
year 1590. In his will dated 1593 Sir Richard
leaves to his eldest son 'all his iron to build with,
that he may finish the buildings therewith now already
begun, also his lead provided to cover his house now
in building at Stonyhurst, so that he may cover the
same as far as it will go, also all his building stone
and wrought timber at Stonyhurst.' 154 At his death
in the following year the walls of practically the
whole of the Elizabethan part of the house were
probably not far from completion, at any rate as far
as the great drawing-room at the south-east corner,
beginning from the gateway tower. The plaster
chimney-piece in that room, which is now destroyed,
bore the date 1596 together with the initials of
Sir Richard and his son. * If this room was ready for

the plaster work in 1596 it looks as if the building
had well progressed at Sir Richard's death in 1 594,' 158
and there is the further evidence of a stone, now in
the great hall, the original position of which is
uncertain, but which was probably over the fireplace
there when the room was first built, that another
portion of the mansion was completed three years
later. 156 The building of the new house may have
started a few years before 1590, but the evidence of
the masons' marks shows that a very large number of
workmen were employed and the progress of the work
would be therefore rapid. 157

The new mansion as conceived, and as partly carried
out, by Sir Richard Shireburne was to be built round
a central quadrangle measuring about 8 1 ft. by 90 ft.,
the sides facing approximately south-west, north-east,
south-east and north-west 18 ; but in the present
description the south-west or entrance front, following
the custom at Stonyhurst, is termed the west side,
and the south-east or old garden front the south side.
The design is one of considerable merit and of much
regularity both in plan and elevation, and if com-
pleted would have been one of the finest examples
of early Renaissance architecture in the country. As
it is, the existing portions of Sir Richard's buildings,
more especially the great entrance tower on the west
front and the south and east sides of the quadrangle,
are exceedingly good specimens of late 16th-century
work, and merit far more attention than has yet been paid
to them by writers on English domestic architecture.

The building seems to have been begun at the
entrance tower and continued along the west side of
the quadrangle southwards, followed by the south
and east wings as far as a point on the east side about
opposite to where it began, no doubt there abutting
against some of the older buildings already mentioned,
others of which may have been demolished to make
way for it. A considerable portion of the house
(probably the whole of that built about seventy years
before), however, was left standing to the east of the
south wing, and the north side of the quadrangle
was partly occupied, as has been already stated, by
older buildings. No doubt Sir Richard originally
intended them to make way for his completed quad-
rangular mansion, but for some unknown reason the
building was never finished according to what is
supposed to have been the original plan, and the
whole of the north wing and the northern ends of
the east and west wings remained unbuilt. The
gate-house tower, therefore, stood detached on its north
side for something like 250 years, and is so shown in
all old drawings and prints of Stonyhurst.

The plan of the building here reproduced is taken
from one dated i694, 159 but whether this is a copy

151 Father Gerard also mentions another
piece of woodwork which bore the inscrip-
tion 'Factum est hoc opus per Hug*
Sherburn Arm. A Dni MDXIII.' From
this it would appear that Hugh Shireburne
began building operations of some descrip-
tion as soon as he succeeded to the pro-
perty.

IM Stonyhurst Mag. (1885), loo-l,
where a sketch of the angel corbels is
given. They are now, together with the
inscription, built into the walls on the
east side of the quadrangle. The inscrip-
tion is very similar to that of Hugh
Shireburne already mentioned. The form
' capellum ' is unusual.

1M Ibid. 100.

U4 Quoted ibid. 31.

1M Ibid.

ls6 It bears the arms of Shireburne and
the date 1599. Probably the great hall
was completed about this time.

147 The Rev. C. S. Beauclerk has dis-
cussed very fully the question of the
masons' marks at Stonyhurst (ibid. 30-7),
and has noted the marks of over sixty men.
There were probably more, many no doubt
having been lost, parts of the walling
being very much weather-worn and other
parts are hidden or have been destroyed.
Father Beauclerk assumes, therefore, that
Sir Richard started his work with fully

fifty masons and increased this number to
perhaps seventy as the work progressed.
The evidence of the marks goes to show
that the whole of the building was exe-
cuted at one time. Facsimiles of sixty-one
marks are given ibid. 33. The 'new
choir ' built by Sir Richard at Mitton
Church bears the marks of six men, five
of which correspond with marks at Stony-
hurst.

148 Strictly speaking the entrance front
is W.S.W., the other sides of the house
facing the corresponding points.

159 The copy of this plan at Leagram
Hall bears the name and date, ' Mr. Dudell
1604,' but Father Gerard has pointed out

MITTON : STONYHURST, IN 1808
(From a water-colour drawing by J. Buckler)

MITTON : STONYHURST : SOUTH FRONT
(From an old print)

BLACKBURN HUNDRED

M1TTON (PART OF)

made in Sir Nicholas Shireburne's time of an older
plan showing the building as originally projected, or
whether it depicts a scheme of Sir Nicholas' own for
completing the unfinished mansion, is uncertain.
There is unfortunately no scale attached to the plan,
and the dimensions of the actual building do not fit
it exactly 16 in every respect ; but generally speaking
it is correct as far as the existing buildings are con-
cerned, the positions of doors and windows being
rightly shown. 161

This plan, whatever its original date, is of great
interest as showing the completed plan of the house
as intended, at any rate, in the iyth century. In
what is certainly the original part of the plan the
great hall occupies the larger part of the east wing,
with the dais at the south end flanked by large bay
windows, and the south wing contained the long
gallery. Between these two principal rooms, and
forming a south-east projecting wing, was the great
withdrawing-room, which had a large bay window
facing the east. These rooms are all on the first
floor, the bottom story following the early type and
being cut up into a number of small rooms, the
purpose of which can now only be conjectured. The
great hall was approached directly from the courtyard
by a wide stone staircase opposite the entrance gate-
way, and the entrance itself seems to have been
originally approached by a rather steep incline by
which carriages and horses entered the courtyard. 162

The south end of the west wing seems to have
been occupied by the chapel, which went up two
stories, and in the angle between which and the
narrow south wing was a picturesque projecting bay,
with a small room on each floor and a circular stone
staircase. A corresponding but smaller projection in
the opposite angle carried up above the parapet seems
to have contained a flue or ventilating shaft. The
south or garden elevation was therefore very well
broken up, and with the older buildings of Hugh
Shireburne at its east end presented a very picturesque
appearance. It is of course now hidden by the later
school buildings which have been erected in front of
it, and the whole of its eastern end destroyed. The
kitchen and offices of the Elizabethan house would
doubtless be located in the older buildings, the new
mansion terminating at the north-east at the screens
of the great hall or a little beyond.

The north wing as shown in the plan of 1694 was

intended to be more than double the width of the
south or long gallery wing, and is shown divided down
its centre by a thick wall with five passage rooms on
the first floor on the south side and a large central
staircase with two rooms on each side on the north.
This part of the plan has more the appearance of a
late 17th-century design for the completion of the
Elizabethan structure than of an original 16th-century
project, though no positive conclusion can easily be
arrived at.

After Sir Richard Shireburne's death his son con-
tinued and completed the building as far as it had
then gone, the work apparently not being finished till
about the year i6o6. 163 It was thus, and remained
till the i gth century, a ' half-house,' 164 the comple-
tion of the quadrangle on something like the plan
originally intended only having been finally carried
out in l856. 165 The buildings as completed by
Richard Shireburne the son remained as he had left
them at his death in 1628 till nearly the close of the
century, when Sir Nicholas Shireburne began the
laying out of the grounds and that embellishment of
the fabric which has given it some of its most charac-
teristic features. The great avenue leading up to the
west front, with the ponds or canals on either side,
together with the gardens and summer-houses on the
south, were in course of formation in 1 696, and some
buildings were erected on the north side of what is
now the kitchen court in I7oi. 166 Sir Nicholas, if
not exactly a great builder, was lavish in his expendi-
ture on the house and gardens, and he is said to have
resolved to complete the mansion. The idea may
have been abandoned soon after the death of his son
in 1702. He did not, however, cease ' improving '
the house, as in 1703-4 he paved the quadrangle and
refashioned the staircase on its east side leading to the
great hall in a grander manner. The steps were
adorned with lions and figures of eagles and the door-
way at the top with his helm and crest. 167 He also
paved the great hall with white marble, put his
escutcheon over the fireplace, and erected the door-
way at the south side of the quadrangle at the bottom
of the bay window. But perhaps the most notable
piece of his work was the erection of the tall cupolas
on the tops of the two staircase turrets, on the east
side of the gateway tower. These were added in
1712. They are covered with domes of oak bricks
and surmounted by lead eagles. 168 The gardens came

(op. cit. 53) that this must be an error
for 1694. Sir Nicholas' own accounts
and those of his steward Dalton show
that there was at Stonyhurst in Sept.
1694 a Mr. Duddell who apparently came
from London (Lulworth MSS.). This was
the year that the spouts were put up in
the quadrangle.

160 For example, taking the gateway
tower and the south-west wing as correct,
both measuring about 30 ft. on the west
front, we get the length of the wall
between in the plan as about 45 ft.
instead of 5 1 ft. 6 in., which is its actual
length.

161 There are one or two curious dis-
crepancies. Thus the bay window at the
south-west end of the great hall is not
shown going up to the first floor, though
the evidence of the building seems to
prove that it always went up both stories
as on the other side of the hall. The bay
also in the middle of the south side is
shown to the ground floor only.

163 The present steps to the west
entrance seem to be a later insertion.
Sir Nicholas, when he constructed the
ponds and gardens on the south side of
the house, moved large masses of soil,
which he may have used in altering the
level of the ground on the west side.
See Stonyhunt Mag. (1885), 59.

163 That date, with the arms of James I,
was formerly on the mantelpiece in the
great hall.

164 Cromwell is said to have described
Stonyhurst as 'the finest half-house he
had ever seen.'

165 The conjecture that Thomas Holt
of York was the 'architect' of Stony-
hurst seems to be based on the assumption
that Holt was also the architect of the
schools at Oxford and of Merton and
Wadham Colleges, and also on the state-
ment of Gwilt (Ency. of Archil. 414) that
he ' was the first to introduce the classical
orders in series above each other.' Holt,
however, was reported in the University

of Oxford as aged forty in 1618 (see
Diet. Nat. Biog.\ which would make him
about twelve years old when the work at
Stonyhurst was in progress. Apart from
this, if Holt's claim to be the designer of
the Oxford buildings named is disallowed,
as it now generally is, hit claim fails also
at Stonyhurst.

166 The gabled building which still
stands there bears this date in Roman
numerals. Above one of the doorways is
also the date 1699, but the doorway was
brought to its present position from the
old kennels which stood in the field to the
north-west of the house ; Gerard, op. cit

74-

167 These steps remained in position till
1856, when they were taken away. They
are now in the college grounds.

168 Turner, in his drawing of Stony-
hurst, using the privilege of his imagina-
tion and deeming them more in keeping
with a Jesuit college, put croses in the
place of the eagles.

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

right up to the house on the south side, and were in
the then prevalent Dutch style, with yew hedges,
flights of stone steps, labyrinths, fountains and lead
statues. They were entered at the south-west corner
of the building through a great iron gate, 169 the stone
piers of which are now in front of the west entrance.
The ponds on the west side were enlarged to their
present dimensions in 1 706, and ' in the centre of
each a group of mythological figures formed foun-
tains.' 17 The west entrance probably took its
present form at this time, the steps being then intro-
duced and the carriageway to the quadrangle done
away with. The inner or middle arch, though
replacing an older one in the same position with a
smaller doorway on the left-hand side, bears evidence
of later date, and is most likely Sir Nicholas's work. 171

There were in Sir Nicholas's time, though it is not
known when they were erected, large coach-houses to
the north-west of the mansion, on the site of the
present infirmary building. 172

As left by Sir Nicholas Shireburne the house re-
mained till its abandonment as a residence, the only
structural alteration of importance being the facing in
stone, already noted, of Hugh Shireburne's building
by the Duchess of Norfolk during the time of her
residence between 1732 and I754. 173 After the
duchess's death the house was abandoned, the new
owners never caring to occupy it, and during the
forty years between 1754 and 1794 it fell into such
a state of disrepair that there were serious thoughts of
taking it down altogether. 174 From this fate it was
saved by Thomas Weld's action in handing over
the building to the Jesuit refugees from Liege in 1 794,
and since that date the history of Stonyhurst is the
history of the great public school which bears its
name.

When the Jesuit Fathers arrived at Stonyhurst they
found the building in parts roofless and the greater
part of it uninhabitable. They immediately set about
putting the house in repair, but in so doing, while
preserving the building, wrought no little damage to
the gardens, which had suffered less than the house
itself in the lapse of years. Trees were felled, and
the greater number of the lead statues melted down
to provide the new roofs. 175 The house, too, suffered
in some degree, the long gallery being divided into
two stories.

The later history of the fabric resolves itself into a
mere list of the various building operations carried
out by the authorities of the College. In 1796 the
great hall was turned into the refectory, in 1797 the
old stables on the south-west of the house were con-
verted into a church, and two years afterwards the

building known as ' Shirk,' which still stands between
the church and the south-east wing, was erected. 176
The west front was completed northward by the
erection of a plain building, since removed, in 1800,
and in 1809-10 the old playground front on the
south side, a plain classic building, was set up, the old
great drawing-room and Hugh Shireburne's building
being demolished to make space for it. 177 A new
church was built in 1832-5 on the site of that
previously formed out of the stables, and the
infirmary, on the site of the old coach-houses, was
erected in 1842-4. In 1843-4 the present north
end of the west front took the place of the building
erected in 1800, and in 1856 the old pre-Shireburne
buildings on the north side of the quadrangle were
cleared away and the quadrangle completed on that
side, Sir Nicholas Shireburne's carved staircase being
removed at the same time. Many internal alterations
were effected during the middle years of the century,
a new domestic chapel (now part of the library)
being opened in 1857 and the Sodality chapel 178 ' 9 in
1859. New kitchens and offices were built in
1 86 1 -2. The present college buildings, replacing
the old playground front, took shape between the
years 1877 and 1889, the west wing being completed
first in 1879, the east wing in 1881 and the middle
block in 1883. The boys' chapel block was begun
in 1884 and completed in 1888, and the Angels'
chapel block, the final block of the new college
buildings, in iSSg. 180

It remains to describe briefly those portions of the
Elizabethan mansion which remain. Externally the
west front and the elevations to the quadrangles are
substantially unchanged, but the house inside has
been necessarily very much altered to suit it to its
present requirements. It is of three stories and built
throughout of stone with ashlar facing, with mullioned
and transomed windows, straight parapets and flat
lead roofs. The quadrangle as now completed
measures 79 ft. 6 in. from west to east and 91 ft.
from north to south, the former dimensions being
the width of the original building between its west
and east wings. The present west front is about
195 ft. in length, with the central gateway tower
and end wings each projecting 7 ft. 6 in. The
length of wall between the gateway and the south-
west wing is 5 1 ft. 6 in., but the modern northern
end of the front is 2 ft. longer. The three projecting
blocks each measure about 30 ft. on the face. The
elevation, as already stated, is one of much merit,
combining picturesqueness and dignity, the large wall
spaces between the windows helping materially to
set off" the architectural features of the gateway tower.

189 The 'ieran gates' cost 190 and
were made at Winslow, Bucks. ' For the
two flower-pots, festoons, and cornishes at
the ieran gates, ,35.'

170 Ibid. 70. The water for the foun-
tains was brought from Longridge Fell
through wooden pipes. The gardens are
said to have been designed by Beaumont,
who was once in the employ of James II,
and who was responsible for the gardens
at Levcns Hall and a portion of those in
Hampton Court ; Gillow, Haydock Papers,
$!

171 Stonyhurst Mag. (1885), 35.
174 Gerard, op. cit. 74.

173 This part of the house then became
known as the Duchess's Rooms.

174 Rev. Joseph Keating, Stonyhurst
(1909), 14.

175 Father Chas. Wright, the procura-
tor, who was in charge of the reparations,
is described as having been ' not a man of
artistic or aesthetic taste." He laid hands
on any materials he could and when
remonstrated with replied, ' Stuff and
nonsense ! I want the money ' ; Gruggen
and Keating, ibid., 54.

176 The building is described as ' an
extremely ugly but very useful piece of
debased Renaissance ' ; Keating, ibid.
(1909), 14. It was called Shirk, 'as the
ordinary residence of veteran Fathers past
work ' ; Gruggen and Keating, op. cit. 61.

177 Parts of the walls of the old south-

east wing (demolished in 1808) were,
however, utilized in the new building.

178 ' 9 Designed by Chas. E. Buckler. It is
on the fi rst floor and measures 6 1 ft. by 1 9 ft.

180 The old south front of 1809-10
was 300 ft. in length, the centre and two
wings being each looft. The new front
measures 560 ft. in a straight line, the
end wings projecting each 100 ft., forming
a courtyard open on the south side. The
middle block is 280 ft. long and each
wing 140 ft. The style of the building
is modelled on that of the Elizabethan
mansion, with two towers with cupolas
each 100 ft. high, in the middle block.
The architects were Messrs. Dunn &
Hansom of Newcastle-upon-Tyne.

u
X

BLACKBURN HUNDRED

MITTON (PART OF)

The tower is of four stories, divided by entablatures
and with a round-headed archway flanked by coupled
Doric columns on the ground floors, and a mullioned
and transomed window of four lights on each of the
floors above flanked by coupled columns of the Ionic,
Corinthian and composite orders, the whole crowned
by an embattled parapet. The detail is refined
and ornament sparingly used ; the columns are set
well back from the angle and are fluted. On the
ground floor stage there is a middle string linable
with the impost moulding of the arch and with the
hood moulds of the windows on either side, and the
spandrels of the arch are occupied by circular
medallions containing heads. There is no keystone
to the arch, but over the cornice is set the escutcheon
of Sir Nicholas Shireburne with helm, crest, mantling
and motto, the arms being those of Shireburne
quartering Bailey. The entrance to the quadrangle
is by a passage-way 18 ft. 3 in. wide, with an inner
or middle doorway, and doors on either side leading
to the house. The inner archway to the quadrangle
is flanked by octagonal staircase turrets rising above
the lines of the parapet and crowned with the tall
17th-century cupolas erected by Sir Nicholas Shire-
burne. From whatever point of view the building is
seen these cupolas now form its most distinctive
feature, and though differing in style from the early
work harmonize very well with it and materially help
the composition by giving it height. The first-floor
windows throughout both to the west and former
south fronts and to the quadrangle, with the excep-
tion of those to the great hall, are tall openings
divided by double transoms and of three or more
lights, those of the ground and second floors being
low and without transoms. All the windows have
hood moulds.

The west wall of the south-west wing was originally
unpierced its full height, and was sometimes known
as the Blind Tower. The effect of this externally
on the west elevation was unusual, but some time in
the 1 8th century the present 14th-century pointed
window, which was brought from the ruins of
Bailey chapel in the neighbourhood, was inserted.
The four upper windows above were inserted in
modern times, the upper pair in 1888.

To the quadrangle the old elevations are somewhat
similar in character to those already described. The
removal of the curved steps on the east side has
deprived the courtyard of one of its most distinctive
features, but the view from the entrance towards the
south-east corner, embracing the great bay of the
hall and the smaller and more elegant one to the
long gallery, is one of much picturesqueness. Both
bays go up the full height of the house, but that to
the long gallery appears to be of later date and
probably belongs to the early years of the 1 7th
century. It is very refined in detail, with pilasters
at the angles, and is further distinguished from the
rest of the buildings round the quadrangle by the
still later pedimented doorway inserted by Sir
Nicholas Shireburne and bearing his cypher. There
are four built-up doorways on the south side of the
quadrangle and a fifth, different in character and
referred to later, in the south-west corner. The

lead down pipes were set up by Sir Nicholas in 1 694
and bear his cypher together with the eagle's and
unicorn's head crests, and various shields of arms on
the ears.

The location of the chief apartments has already
been mentioned. The great hall was 60 ft. long by
27 ft. in breadth and 19 ft. 6 in. high. It was ex-
tended northwards in 1856-7 to its present length of
90 ft., but the other dimensions remain unaltered.
It is lit by a range of mullioned windows with single
transom on the west side towards the quadrangle and
by a bay window I 5 ft. 6 in. wide by 1 2 ft. 6 in.
deep on either side of the dais at the south end.
There were originally windows on the east side to the
north of the fireplace, the mullions of which may be
seen in the store rooms above the kitchens. The old
fireplace opening, 1 1 ft. 6 in. wide, still remains in
the east side, but is now used as an alcove, from which
access is gained to the pantry. Above the segmental
arch is the escutcheon of Sir Nicholas Shireburne carved
in white marble, with helm, crest, mantling and motto,
and bearing the date 1699. The minstrels' gallery
at the north end has already been referred to as being
constructed from timber taken from the demolished
building of Hugh Shireburne. The royal arms of
James I are now placed above it, and underneath is
preserved an oak table on which, according to tradi-
tion, Cromwell slept on the occasion of his visit to
Stonyhurst in 1648. The present white marble pave-
ment replaced that of Sir Nicholas Shireburne in 1 862.
The heraldic stained glass which originally filled
the windows, being much damaged, is said to have
been removed in college times with a view to repair,
and to have been put away and lost. 181 The bay
windows are now filled with the coats of arms of past
students.

The long gallery is 88 ft. long by 1 8 ft. wide and
19 ft. high, and was originally lit by windows on both
sides. Those on the south are now blocked by the
later college buildings, the room which is used as a
picture gallery and museum being lit only from the
quadrangle and the west end. At the east end the
gallery originally opened into the great drawing-room,
which occupied the destroyed south-east wing, and
was an apartment 46 ft. long from north to south and
24 ft. 6 in. in width, with a large bay window to the
south-east. A door on its north side communicated
with the dais of the great hall. The chimney-piece
is described as having been ' a large handsome struc-
ture in stucco with the arms of Shireburne and Bailey
quarterly in the centre and the motto " Quant je
puis," and on either side the same arms impaling
Stourton on one side and Kighley on the other, the
two wives of Richard Shireburne, Sir Richard's son and
successor.' 182 The fireplace was dated 1596.

There remains the room in the south-west tower
now known as the Bailey room, but probably originally
the chapel. This room presents, several interesting
problems and shows architectural features different
from those in any other part of the building. 183 As
shown on the plan of 1 694 the room measures 5 5 ft.
in length from north to south, with a breadth at the
north end of 21 ft. and 29 ft. at the south within the
1 wing ' proper. It was lit by a pointed window of

181 Cent. Rec. 54.

182 Ibid. 53.

1;>s Father Beauclerk has discussed very

fully the problem of the ' Blind Tower ' accepted, are worthy of attention and
in the Stonyhurst Mag. for 1885, pp. 92-99. consideration.
His conclusions, without necessarily being

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

five lights and late Perpendicular tracery at the south
end, and by a smaller pointed window of three lights
at the south end of the east wall. 184 The northern
end of the room is lit by two of the ordinary square-
headed mullioned windows on the west front. There
was a door at the north-east corner leading to the
quadrangle, and another near the south end of the
east wall leading to a small room 12 ft. by 9 ft. with
a vice in its eastern side giving access to a smaller
room above. Apart from the ' ecclesiastical ' appear-
ance of the two pointed windows, 185 the arrangement
and peculiar features of the room certainly suggest
that this was originally meant to be a chapel, though
there are certain difficulties to be faced in accepting
the conclusion, more especially Sir Richard's reason for
constructing a chapel of such importance at this time. 1 * 6
The southern part of the room, that contained in the
south-west wing proper, goes up two stories and was
34 ft. 6 in. in height. The northern end is of one
story only 1 1 ft. high, the floor of the long gallery
being continued over it to the west front. The two
parts are divided by a lofty pointed arch, which still
remains, though built up and partly hidden, which
carried the south wall of the long gallery forward to
the west. This arch is of two chamfered orders, dying
into the wall at the springing, 3 ft. thick and 29 ft. 6 in.
in height, the span being the full width of the north
end of the room. The upper part of the arch, there-
fore, opened into the west end of the long gallery.
Assuming this to have been the chapel, with the altar
below the window at the south end, we have the
somewhat unusual arrangement of part of the long
gallery itself being used as a tribune or gallery for the
family during service, while the servants would occupy
the floor below, entering from the door in the court-
yard. The arch shows no sign of there ever having
been a screen, but the stones cease to be smoothly
faced at a point 3 ft. from the floor of the long gallery,
suggesting that there was originally a balcony or gallery
front of some sort in that position. 187 The small room
on the east side would be the sacristy, from which the
vice gave access directly to the long gallery itself, and
from there by a second doorway to the small chamber
over. From the sacristy there was an opening 4 ft.
long by 3 ft. high divided by mullions, which from
the slant of its jambs seems to suggest it was so built
as to afford a direct view of the altar. There is also an
opening from the chamber above. To the north of
the ' chapel,' and between it and the gateway tower,
was a room 21 ft. 6 in. by 21 ft., which has been
termed the ' priests' room,' but with what evidence
to support it is not very apparent. The plan of 1 694
does not show any communication between the two
rooms. The ' chapel ' is now divided into two rooms
below the arch, the so-called sanctuary ' now forming
what is known as the Bailey room, and internally,

except for the pointed windows, shows no architectural
features of interest.

The formation of the boys' playground in front oi
the new college buildings on its south side has
necessarily meant the loss of a large part of the
17th-century gardens. The playground itself, which
measures 580 ft. by 300 ft., was lowered from the
level of the garden terrace before the new buildings
were begun. 188 Such parts of the old gardens as are
left retain all the original charm of clipped yew
hedges and well-ordered design. The two pavilions
erected by Sir Nicholas Shireburne are exceedingly
good examples of the garden architecture of the time.
They are built of stone, and measure 17 ft. square
outside with walls 2 ft. thick, and square-headed
barred sash windows. The roofs form a graceful
curve rising from a strongly-marked cornice, and are
surmounted by gilded eagles in Portland stone. Of
the leaden statues which formerly adorned the grounds
only three remain, one of which, supposed to repre-
sent Regulus under torture by the Carthaginians,
now occupies the centre of the ' Observatory ' pond.

The school was a great institution, formed by a
distinguished history of two centuries, when it settled
here, and, speedily recovering from its temporary mis-
adventures, has added to its fame continually. 189 New
buildings have consequently been required, and have
been added from time to time ; the latest block,
as above stated, was added piecemeal from 1877 to
1889. The library is richly stored, 190 its nucleus
consisting of books brought over from Liege, which
include a manuscript of St. John's Gospel found in
St. Cuthbert's tomb in 1105, and not improbably
transcribed by the saint himself 191 ; also a printed
book of Hours, supposed to have belonged to Mary
Queen of Scots. The tenth Lord Arundell of
Wardour, an 'old boy,' in 1834 ^ his library to
the college, 192 and Dr. John Vertue, Bishop of Ports-
mouth (d. 1 900), gave it a collection of early printed
books. The buildings contain a. large collection of
paintings, old prints, medals, stuffed animals and
miscellaneous curiosities.

The Observatory, in the gardens, was begun in
1838 ; a telescope was mounted in 1845, and in the
same year the series of meteorological observations
was begun. An underground chamber for magnetic
observations was added in 1866. In 1865 a new
room had been built for the larger telescope then
mounted, and the station acquired some fame through
the solar observations of Fr. Stephen Perry, who had
charge of the place from 1868 to 1889.

In addition to the college buildings proper, which
include the Jesuit community house, there are a school
for junior boys at Hodder House, some distance away,
and a seminary called St. Mary's Hall, devoted to philo-
sophical studies of members of the Society of Jesus. 193

181 It must be remembered that the
expressions south,' east,' &c., are here
approximate, following the usual custom
of calling the south-west front ' west.'

185 The window now in the west wall
is of course, as already mentioned, a later
insertion, brought from elsewhere.

186 Beauclerk, Stonyhurst Mag. (1885),
94-

187 Ibid. 97.

88 Keating, Stonyhurtt (1909), 51.
189 For history and description see Foley,
Rec. S. J. vii, p. xxxvi, &c. ; Baines,
Lanes. Dir. 1825, ii, 560; P. Fitzgerald,

Saxonhurst (illustrating the school life
about 1850), and Stonyhurst Memories
(1895); A. Hewitson, Stonyhurst ; A.
Rimmer, Stonyhurst Illut. ; J. Gerard,
Stonyhurst Coll., 1894; G. Gruggen and
J. Keating, Stonyhurst : its Past History and
Life in the Present, 1901. Books of views
have been issued. The Stonyhurst Mag.,
begun in May 1881, contains not only
news of the school, but many articles
upon the history and condition of the
district ; e.g. a description of the fishery
rights, with map ; i, 177.

190 The collections are described in

Hist. MSS. Com. Rep. ii, 143 ; iii, 334 ;
viii, App. i ; x, App. iv.

191 It was owned by Thomas Allen of
Oxford about 1620 ; N. and Q. (Ser. 6),
vi, 486.

192 His collection includes one volume
of an early i Jth-century MS. of Froissart ;
the other volume is in the B.M.

193 The paragraphs as to present-day
Stonyhurst are derived from a notice pre-
pared for the British Association visit in
1903. Fuller accounts will be found in
Fr. Gerard's Stonyhurst Coll., frequently
quoted in these notes.

MITTON : STONYHURST GATEWAY TOWKR

BLACKBURN HUNDRED

MITTON (PART OF)

The following is a list of the rectors, who have
since 1841 been lords of the manor also: 1794,
Marmaduke Stone; 1808, Nicholas Sewall ; 1813,
John Weld (son of the donor of the site) ; 1 8 1 6,
N. Sewall (2) ; 1817, Charles Plowden ; 1819, Joseph
Tristram; 1827, Richard Norris ; 1832, Richard
Parker; 1836, James Brownbill ; 1839, Francis
Daniel; 1841, Andrew Barrow ; 1845, R. Norris (2) ;
1 846, Henry Walmesley ; 1 847, Richard Sumner ;
1848, Francis dough; 1861, Joseph Johnson;
1868, Charles Henry; 1869, Edward Purbrick ;
1 879, William Eyre ; 1885, Reginald Colley ; 1891,
Herman Walmesley; 1898, Joseph Browne; 1906,
Pedro Gordon ; 1907, William Bodkin. 194

WINKLET was part of the Hospitallers' estate in
Aighton and Bailey, which was treated as part of their
manor of Stidd. 195 There appear to have been
several families surnamed Winkley. Adam son of
Alexander de Winkley gave lands in Aighton to the
Knights of St. John, 196 and Robert de Manneby,
prior of the order in England, gave to Adam son of
Richard de Winkley all the land they had of the
gift of Adam de Winkley and others, 197 and the re-
mainder of their land in Winkley they gave to Robert
son of John de Winkley ; each of the grantees was
bound to render zs. a year and the third part of their
chattels at death. 198 These estates appear to have
been consolidated later, a rent of 4*. being paid.

The descent can be traced only with uncertainty.
In 1246 Ralph son of Robert de Mitton sued John
de Winkley and his son Robert for 10 acres in
Aighton which they had had from Simon de Green-
hurst, 199 and a Richard de Winkley complained that
a roadway had been interfered with by Richard de
Daniscoles, Osbert his son and others. 200 Robert de
Winkley was living in 1278, holding land in Aighton
which was claimed by Ralph de Mitton, 201 and

possibly it was the same Robert who appears in
I292. 202 Richard son of Robert de Winkley and
Amery widow of William de Winkley were concerned
in other pleas of the same year 203 ; but Robert was
dead in 1294, when his widow Cecily and his sons
Adam, Richard and Henry were accused of having
disseised Nicholas son of William of messuages, land
and rent in Aighton. Nicholas, a minor, alleged
that his father was Robert's eldest son, but it was
found that the plaintiff was born out of wedlock. 204

Adam de Winkley was in 1318 pardoned for his
adhesion to Thomas Earl of Lancaster. 205 John de
Winkley in 1321 granted all his manor of Pleasington
and his lands in Aighton to Adam his son and heir
on marriage with Maud daughter of Gilbert de
Scarisbrick. 206 Two years later Adam son of John
de Winkley and Maud his wife exchanged a messuage,
&c., in Winkley with John son of Walter de Bailey. 207
In 1332 Adam headed the subsidy list in Aighton. 208
John son of Adam de Winkley gave land at Stonyhurst
to John de Bailey for life in I352, 209 and in 1354,
in conjunction with his son Adam, he had to defend
his title to land in Aighton claimed by his brother
or half-brother Adam, son of Adam de Winkley the
elder by Margery, then deceased. 210 Isabel widow of
John in 1371 granted her son Adam the third part
of lands and mill in Aighton. 211

Adam de Winkley seems to have been a minor in
1371 but of full age in I373- 212 As Adam son of
John son of Adam de Winkley he was party to an
exchange of lands in I376. 213 He may have been
the same Adam whose widow Margery in 1436
released her lands in Aighton to John the son and
heir of Adam. 214 In the next year John Winkley
granted lands to his son Thomas, who married
Margaret daughter of Henry Holden of Bowland. 215
John died in or before I443, 216 and in 1447 Thomas

194 Taken from Stonyhurtt Chronology.

195 Plac. de Quo Warr. (Rec. Com.), 375.
A list of the tenants in 1609 has been
preserved by Kuerden (MSS. ii, foL 1 326).
It includes in Aighton Thomas Winkley
paying 41., Edward Loude 6d. ; in
Chaigley, Richard Aughton I2< ; in
various places, Richard Shireburne, pay-
ing in. 6d. in all, of which sum 6d, was
for a moiety of Bailey Hall.

196 Winkley Family (1863), by William
Winkley, jun., quoting ' title deeds of
Mr. Weld, 1861.' Ellis son of Alexander
de Winkley, probably Adam's brother, has
been mentioned in the text (at Stony-
hurst) as living before 1209; Adam de
Winkley and John his son are named in the
charter to Ellis. Robert de Mitton early
in the I3th century gave lands to John
and to Adam sons of Adam de Winkley,
viz. to the former all the land of Haracks
(Horrocks) at a rent of izd., the rent
paid in later times for Woodnelds ; and
to the latter land adjoining, Bradhurst
and its brook occurring in each charter,
and Ackhurst clough being named ;
Towneley MS. DD, no. 672, 654.
Geoffrey Dean of Whalley and Robert his
son attested the former charter ; Ralph
rector of Mitton and Jordan his son the
latter.

Eva daughter of Ralph de Aighton
released to Richard son of Adam de
Winkley all her claim in half an oxgang
of land which Ellis son of Alexander had
formerly held ; ibid. no. 651. Among
the witnesses were Jordan son of Ralph
the rector and Nicholas his brother. This

release was probably the close of a long-
standing dispute, for as early as 1231 Eva
daughter of Ralph de Aighton made claims
against Adam de Winkley and others ;
Cal. Pat. 1225-32, pp. 446, 522.

197 DD, no. 656. The bounds began
at the head of Radwell ford, followed the
thread of Ribble as far as the middle of
Longnat, and by various lines to the
starting-point. Land called Thuwes and
Morton brook are named.

Robert de Manneby was prior in 1251
and 1262 ; Dugdale, Man. Angl. vi, 799.

19 DD, no. 655. The bounds began
at Horrockford and went down the
Hodder and Ribble to Longnat, across the
meadow to Blakeayke and the lower head
of Hesceteley, then by the carr and
Simonscroft to Hamelin's land and Raven
ridding as far as the Stony way ; by this
to the Hodder.

199 Assize R. 404, m. 5 d. John de
Winkley (perhaps the son of Adam) gave
lands to his son Robert, the mill on the
Hodder being mentioned ; DD, no. 671.

200 Assize R. 404, m. 5 d. Other
Winkleys are named ibid. m. 2, n, 1 1 d.,
14. The name has many spellings
Winkedelega, Wynkydele, &c. Winckley
was the usual form of the surname in
the 1 7th century.

201 Assize R. 1238, m. 35 ; also De
Banco R. 31, m. 93.

202 Assize R. 408, m. 32, 94.

203 Ibid. m. 6, 32d. Richard son of
Adam de Winkley is also named ; ibid,
m. 77 d.

204 Assize R. 1299, m. 14 ; Adam had

been in the service of Robert de la Garde
at Warwick. William's widow was named
Amery. She was plaintiff in 1304 (De
Banco R. 149, m. 63 d.), and against the
widow and daughter of Henry de Winkley
in 13115 ibid. 189, m. 9 d. In 1321
Margaret widow of another William de
Winkley and of Robert Atte Hall claimed
a messuage, &c., against Margaret widow
of Adam Banastre ; ibid. 240, m. 20.
805 Cal. Pat. 1317-21, p. 230.

206 DD, no. 649, 663. Though Adam
was heir of John de Winkley, another
son John succeeded to Pleasington (see
the account of that manor), and in I 344
there was some disputing between the
brothers ; Assize R. 1435, m. 34.

207 DD, no. 644. Adam son of John
de Winkley was defendant in a Great
Mearley claim in 1331 ; Assize R. 1404,
m. 1 8.

208 Exch. Lay Subs. (Rec. Soc. Lanes,
and Ches.), 79.

209 DD, no. 648. In the same year
John de Winkley was defendant in a
Great Mearley claim ; Duchy of Lane.
Assize R. i, m. iij ; 2, m. vj.

210 De Banco R. 3 8 1 , m. 1 1 o d. ; Duchy
of Lane. Assize R. 3, m. ij. William de
Boston, vicar of Mitton, was called to
warrant. 2n DD, no. 658.

212 Cf. De Banco. R. 444, m. 9 d.; 450,
m. 214.

218 DD, no. 670. 2U Ibid. no. 662.

815 Ibid. no. 660-1.

216 Ibid. no. 673 ; his widow Joan
agreed with her son as to dower, Margery,
widow of Adam, being still alive.

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

WINKLEY of Wink-
ley. Per pale argent
and gules an eagle dis-
played counterchangcd.

his son and heir made a feoffment of all his lands and

the reversion of those held by his mother Joan. 217

Thomas Winkley was still living in 1479, when he

allowed Richard Catterall to

make an attachment (perhaps

for a mill stream) over his

land to the water of Kibble

near its junction with the

Hodder 218 ; but his son and

heir Geoffrey had in 1463

married Isabel daughter of

Alice and Alexander Nowel, 219

and was living some time

later, when he demised land

called Horrockfields. 220

Next appears Roger Wink-
ley, with Margaret his wife,
in I5o8. 221 He lived on till
1556, when by his will he

left his ' capital or manor house called Winkley
Hall ' to his then wife Jane for her life. 222 His
son Anthony had in 1546 demised Woodfields in
Aighton to his brother Roger. 223 Anthony died
in 1566 seised of the capital messuage called Winkley
Hall in Aighton and 30 acres of land, held of the
queen as of the late monastery of St. John of Jeru-
salem in England by a rent of 4^. for all services ;
also half an oxgang of land and a messuage called
Woodfields, held of Sir Richard Shireburne by the
fortieth part of a knight's fee and \d. rent and by
\^d. rent respectively. Nicholas Winkley the son
and heir was forty years of age. 224 A pedigree was
recorded in l6l3, 225 but the main line of the family
was extinct by 1 664. 226 Roger Winkley, son of Thomas
son of Nicholas, seems to have succeeded to the estates
before 1615, when Toby Archbishop of York gave him
licence to construct a pew in Mitton Church adjoining
the old quire of Richard Shireburne. 227 William
Winkley of Winkley, occurring 1641 to 1 65 2, appears
to have been the last of the name in possession. 228

Winkley was held in 1696 by Sarah widow of
Thomas Lacy, and she sold it to Sir Nicholas Shire-
burne. 229 It descended like Stonyhurst until 1828,
when Thomas Weld sold it to James Wilkinson.
Farms called Jumbles and Boat-house, parts perhaps
of the original Winkley, had become included in the
Walmsley of Dunkenhalgh estate and were in 1827
sold by George Petre to the same James Wilkinson.
His daughter married a Macdonnell, and her son
James in 1879 sold the estate to Mr. William
Walmsley Simpson, the present owner. 230

Winkley Hall, now a farm-house, stands in a low
situation on the right bank of the Hodder im-
mediately above its junction with the Ribble, but
is a house of no architectural interest, having been
entirely modernized and altered from its original
appearance. It is a two-story stone building with
thick walls facing east to the river, but its only ancient
features are two windows of 1 7th-century date at the
back, of five and three lights respectively with tran-
soms and hood moulds, and a low one of the same
date in the northern end gable.

CRAWSHAW in Aighton was part of the estate of
the Clitheroes of Bailey. 231 It was in the I7th
century tenanted by Richard Holden, younger brother
of John Holden of Chaigley, probably the recusant of
that name who had his lands sequestered by the
Commonwealth ; on his death in 1652 the trustees
for his infant children desired a discharge. 232 The
place comes into note through an outrage illustrative
of those days. A priest was beheaded at Chapel House
Farm in Chaigley whilst in the act of saying mass
there. The head was thrown over the fence into an
adjoining field and Mrs. Holden of Crawshaw
gathered it into her apron and took it into her house,
and secured also the objects in the chapel at the time
missal, altar cloth, vestments, candles, &c. and they
have been preserved as relics by the family. 233

Morton, an early place-name, seems to have been
in Aighton. 234 A local family used Aighton itself as

817 Towneley MS. DD, no. 653.

818 Ibid. no. 650. 219 Ibid. no. 763.

220 Ibid. no. 665.

221 Ibid. no. 674, 647. In the re-
corded pedigree Roger is said to have
been a son of Thomas.

222 Winkley Family. The will was
proved in 1557.

233 DD, no. 669.

M4 Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. xi, no. 28.
A settlement of the manor of Winkley
with various messuages and lands, a
water-mill and a free fishery in the Hodder
and Ribble was made by Nicholas Winkley
in 1567 ; Pal. of Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 29,
m. 12. Only a year later a similar settle-
ment was made by Thomas Winkley the
younger (son of Nicholas, according to the
pedigree), with remainders to his uncles
Henry and Thomas ; ibid. bdle. 30,
m. 146. Another was made in 1586, the
deforciants being Thomas Winkley, Cecily
his wife, Henry Winkley, Jane his wife,
and Nicholas son and heir of Henry ;
ibid. bdle. 48, m. 114.

In 1589 Anthony Isherwood of Chaig-
ley and Anne his wife, a daughter of
Nicholas Winkley, complained that the
legacy due to her was withheld by Henry
Winkley and other feoffees ; Duchy of
Lane. Plead. Eliz., cl., I i.

The will of Henry Winkley (of Wood-
fields), dated 1589 and proved 1590, is
printed in Win^ley Family, no. 3.

225 Visit, of 1613 (Chet. Soc.), 38;
deeds are referred to in the margin. Roger
Winkley, the son and heir of Thomas,
was thirty-eight years old.

226 Dugdale, Visit. (Chet. Soc.), 334.

227 Winkley Family.

2S He was a creditor of Gabriel Hes-
keth of Goosnargh ; Royalist Comp. Papers
(Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.), iii, 188.
According to a pedigree in the Shireburne
Abstract Bk., Roger Winkley, living in
1649, had a granddaughter Martha
(daughter of his son Roger) and a nephew
William Winkley of Billington, no doubt
the William named in the text.

329 Shireburne Abstract Bk. ; the brief
details given do not show how she came
to own it. She had a son John Mitchell
by another husband, and Thomas Lacy
had a son Roger.

230 Information of Mr. Simpson and
his solicitor, Mr. S. Sandeman.

Myles Macdonnell occurs (either as
purchaser or trustee) in 1836, while in
1843 Miss Wilkinson was the daughter
and representative of James ; End. Char.
Rep. Her children in 1875 were James
Macdonnell and Mary Jane Nelson,
widow.

231 Robert de Clitheroe, clerk, granted
a pasture called Crawshaw in Bailey to
Richard son of Henry de Clitheroe and
John his son ; Shireburne Abstract Bk.

832 Royalist Comp. Papers iii, 236. George

Holden, killed at Usk, when in the king's
service in the war, is supposed to have
been of this family ; Gillow, Bibl. Diet, of
Engl. Cath. iii, 330, 340. Richard
Holden, a descendant, registered an estate
in 1717 as a 'Papist'; Estcourt and
Payne, op. cit. 102.

2SS Pal. Notc-bk. ii, 127 ; from family
traditions. It is not known who the
priest was. The relics were kept with
great secrecy at Crawshaw until the
establishment of the Jesuits at Stonyhurst,
when they began to be shown. They
were in 1887 in possession of the Holdens
of Hill House in Woodplumpton, and an
elaborate description is printed in the
Stonyhurst Mag. of that year (Nov.). A
stained altar-cloth has the initials E H
(or P H) embroidered on it. One of the
chasubles is inscribed : ' Orate pro ani-
mabus Oliveri Wastlei et Ellene uxoris
ejus.' The missal (1570) once belonged
to Dr. Henry Holden ; it bears the
words : ' Dieses geh5rt unserm Marter
und unserm lieben Pfilp.' The Wastleys
appear to have been a Chorley family.

234 Almarica daughter of Siward de
Morton complained in 1276 of disseisin
of her free tenement in Morton and
Aighton by Godith de Riddings and
others ; Assize R. 405, m. 4 ; 1238,
m. 31 d. ; De Banco R. 27, m. 26 d. As
heir of her aunt Sibyl daughter of Gamel
de Morton she in 1284 claimed 2 acres in

BLACKBURN HUNDRED

MITTON (PART OF)

a surname. 235 The Reads v/cre long connected with
this part of the township. 236

CH4IGLEr\vas originally included in the manor
of Aighton, the lords of the latter holding it. 237
Thus in 1347 Roger son of John de Mitton claimed
five messuages, &c., in Chaigley against Sir John de
Harrington, Katherine his wife, Sir Thomas deArderne,
Agnes widow of Sir Robert de Horncliff, Robert
son of Robert de Shireburne, Robert de Morley and
Hugh de Bradford. It appeared that Margaret
Banastre was formerly in possession and that her four
daughters had succeeded, viz. Katherine, Alice, Agnes
and Joan ; also that one Thomas Talbot had held a
moiety of the property in dispute, but had died.
The estate included rents of two pairs of white gloves
and two barbed arrows. 238

The principal family was that of Holden, 239 and
their estate was regarded as a manor. Amabel widow
of Jordan de Mitton granted lands in Aighton to her
daughter Cecily, the rent being a pair of white
gloves and the bounds extending to Longridge on
the west. 240 John son of Jordan de Mitton con-
firmed to the said Cecily his sister the lands of his
mother's gift, they being described as in Chaigley in
Aighton. 241 Cecily married Henry de Holden, 242
but the descent cannot be clearly traced. The above
Roger de Mitton in 1347 claimed various messuages
and lands in Aighton against Henry de Blackburn,
Mary his wife, Ralph de Holden and John his son. 243
In 1 365 the feoffees granted certain lands to Ralph de
Holden and Maud his daughter, with remainder to
John his son, 244 while John soon afterwards released
to his father and sister lands in Bailey near the
Daniscoles. 245

Elizabeth daughter of John de Holden and heir of
her brother, another John, occurs in 1379 anc ^ as

widow in 1393; she afterwards married a Richard de
Holden, by whom she had sons John, Henry and
Geoffrey and three daughters, settlements being made
in 1405 and I4zo. 246 Richard Holden of Witton
in 1445 released to John Holden all right to lands
in Aighton, Bailey and Chaigley formerly owned by
Ralph de Holden and Maud his daughter. 247 John
Holden the elder 248 occurs in various deeds from
1468 to 1491 ; in the latter year he set apart lands
for the use of Elizabeth daughter of Lawrence
Asshaw, who was to marry Thomas son and heir of
John Holden the younger. 249

Thomas's heir in 1514 was his brother John,
rector of St. Mary's, Cricklade, who granted lands to
his brother and heir Ralph husband of Elizabeth
daughter of Richard Hancock. 250 Ralph in 1522-3
made a settlement on his son John's marriage with
Alice daughter of Thomas Grimshaw, 251 and Ralph
and his son John occur again as late as 1557, when
they granted an annuity of 2O/. to Henry and
William, other sons of Ralph. 252 John Holden
succeeded soon afterwards, selling land in Aighton
and Bailey to Sir Richard Shireburne in I56o 253 and
in the next year arranging for the marriage of his son
Richard. 254

Richard Holden, Jane his then wife and Richard
his son and heir in 1596 agreed to the levying
of a fine of certain lands in Aighton, Bailey and
Chaigley 255 ; Richard Holden was a freeholder in
l6oo. 256 John Holden of Chaigley, son and heir of
Richard and Isabel his wife, in 1623 sold Clough
House alias Grubbe Hall in Grindleton to Richard
Shireburne of Stonyhurst. 257 John died in 1637
holding a capital messuage in Chaigley and other
lands, &c., of the heirs of Amabel de Mitton in
socage by the rent of a pair of white gloves. Mary

Aighton against William son of William
atte Hall, and he called Ralph de Morton
to warrant him ; Assize R. 1265, m. 4 d.
She afterwards married Robert de Spend-
low of Morton, and they were engaged in
various suits in 1292 ; Assize R. 408,
m. 21 d., 32 d. From one it appears
that her brother was Jordan de Aighton ;
ibid. m. 67.

236 Ralph son of Nicholas de Aighton
was plaintiff in 1253 ; Cur. Reg. R. 148,
m. 44. Maud the widow and Thomas
the ion of Ellis de Aighton claimed dower
and land in Aighton in 1274 against Ralph
de Mitton; Assize R. 1341, m. 6 d., 5.
John son of Alan de Aighton summoned
Ralph de Mitton to warrant a charter in
1292 ; Assize R. 408, m. 32 d.

236 In 1292 John de Read of Aighton
claimed common of pasture against Henry
son of Robert del Ash, but it was shown
that Margery widow of Ralph de Mitton
held part in dower, and plaintiff was non-
suited ; Assize R. 408, m. 35 d.

Robert Read died in 1610 holding
lands in Aighton and Bailey of Richard
Shireburne by a rent of 41. ; Lanes. Inq,
p.m. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.), i, 176.
His son and heir Richard, then aged
twelve, died in 1638, leaving a son Robert,
sixteen years old, to inherit ; Towneley
MS. C8, 13 (Chet. Lib.), 1000.

237 Ralph de Mitton in 1246 had
20 acres in Chaigley, claimed by Jordan
ton of Ralph ; Assize R. 404, m. 5 d.
After 1290 Ralph son of John de Mitton
confirmed to Thomas le Sureys (Southron)
various lands in Chaigley for life ; Dods.

MSS. xci, fol. 161. Henry de Holden
was a witness.

Robert de Shireburne, Robert de Horn-
cliff, John de Harrington the younger
and Thomas de Arderne were plaintiffs
against various persons in 1331, a house
in Chaigley having been broken into ;
De Banco R. 286, m. 159.

138 Assize R. 1435, m. 18.

139 A collection of Holden deeds is
preserved in Towneley MS. C 8, 1 3 (Chet.
Lib.), 562-78. Some of the family deeds
are in the possession of Mr. Fitzherbert-
Brockholes of Claughton.

140 Ibid. 875. The land of William
Loud ' is named.

841 Ibid. ; Robert and Adam de Holden
were witnesses. Amabel was living in
1284 and 1291 ; Assize R. 1268, m. 12.

242 De Banco R. 91, m. 34 d. ; 92, m.
67. * Ibid. R. 351, m. 23d.

*C8, 13, p. 573-

2 Ibid. 563.

246 Ibid. 563-6. Geoffrey, bastard son
of the younger John, is named. The
1420 deed names ' Loud's lands,' Green-
gore in Bailey and Harrelegh in Aighton.
Some Loud family deeds may be seen
ibid. 798 and Add. MS. 32106, no. 1190.

Elizabeth's husband may have been the
Richard son of Richard de Holden who
made a feoffment of his lands in 1383 ;
C 8, 13, p. 562. Adam son of Randle
de Bailey in 1412 gave to trustees lands
which he had had of the feoffment of
John son of John son of Randle (Ralph)
de Holden ; ibid. 144.

w Ibid. 566. John Holden of Aigh-

ton occurs in 1443 and 1465 ; Pal. of
Lane. Plea R. 5, m. 6b ; 27, m. 22.

848 In 1468 Robert Shireburne the
younger of Stonyhurst regranted to John
Holden the elder lands in Aighton, &c.;
C 8, 13, p. 567. Four years later John
son of Richard Holden and Margaret his
wife (daughter of Richard Loud) granted
Mickle Greengore to John Holden the
elder ; ibid. John Holden the elder in
1488 confirmed Little Greengore in .
Bailey to Robert, Henry, Richard, Wil-
liam, Thomas and Katherine, children of
Richard Holden lately deceased; ibid. 568.

849 Ibid. 569. ^Ibid. 570.
Ibid. a* 8 Ibid. 575.

258 Pal. of Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 22,
m. in.

254 C 8, 13, p. 571 ; Richard was to
marry Anne daughter of Roger Nowell
of Read. John Holden, Margaret his
then wife and Richard his son occur in
1584 ; ibid. 575. Thomas was a younger
son ; ibid. 576.

255 Ibid. 578 ; Pal. of Lane. Feet of F.
bdle. 59, m. 233. Jane afterwards mar-
ried John Shireburne of Bailey ; C 8, 13,
p. 577. Richard the father made a lease
of land in Stonyhurst Park to younger
sons Thomas and John, but they resigned
to their brother Richard in 1598 ; ibid.

574-

856 Misc. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.),
i, 236. Richard had three sons John
the heir, named in the text, Henry the
theologian and Richard of Crawshaw ;
W. A. Abram in Preston Guardian, Oct.
1874. 2S7 C8, 13, p. 577.

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

WINSTANLEY of

Chaigley.

his daughter and heir was fifteen years of age. 258

She married Thomas Brockholes of Claughton, and

Chaigley was sold to Richard Shireburne in i655. 269

From that time it descended

like Stonyhurst till about 1 840,

when it was sold to William

Winstanley. It has descended

to his grandson, Mr. William

Alfred Winstanley, who is

called lord of the manor of

Chaigley. 260

Overholme in Chaigley is
named in is83 261 and Kyt-
ridding in i6oo. 262

BAILEY also was properly

a member of Aighton, as

r i i j azure in chief thr

appears from charters already cntmft /.
quoted, but it had greater in-
dependence than Chaigley and

was accounted a manor. It gave a name to one or
more families, probably descendants of the Mittons, 263
including that which, as has been seen, took Shire-
burne as a surname. It is not possible to trace the
minor families. 264

Henry de Clayton 265 acquired land in Bailey in
1284 from Adam de Edieles and Christiana his wife;
it was to be held by the render of a clove gillyflower
yearly to Christiana or her heirs. 266 He then ex-
changed it for a messuage, land and the moiety of a
water-mill held by William de Winkley and Amery
his wife. 267 Henry was in 1290 summoned to
warrant the tenant of certain land in which dower

was claimed by Alice widow of John de Bailey. 26 *
Philip de Clayton in 1338 made a settlement of a
messuage and land in Bailey and Button ; the re-
mainder was to his son Robert, who had married
Isabel. 269 Isabel, as widow of Robert, was plaintiff

in I345. 270

The Knights Hospitallers had, as already noted, 271
an estate in this part of the township. About 1300
it was acquired by Robert de Clitheroe, one of the
king's clerks and rector of Wigan I3O3~34. 272 Sir
Adam de Clitheroe, apparently in consequence of
some dispute, carried off a large quantity of cattle,
provisions, furnishings and books from the manor-
house of Bailey in I332. 273 When in 1330 Robert
desired to give his ' manor of Bailey ' to Cockersand
Abbey it was found that the said manor was held of
the Prior of St. John in England by the service of
1 8 d. yearly ; the prior held it in perpetual alms of
the Lady Isabel, queen of England, as of the honor
of Clitheroe, she holding of the king by knight's
service. The yearly value was 6 1 3_r. 4</. 274 This
benefaction was not carried through, the chantry
being founded instead. Robert, who had many
disputes concerning his lands, 276 in 1334 gave his
manor of Bailey to Henry de Clitheroe. 276

In 1350 the feoffee of Henry de Clitheroe granted
to Edmund the son of Henry and his wife Eleanor
daughter of Sir Nicholas Boteler certain lands in
Bailey, with remainders to Hugh son of Sir Adam de
Clitheroe, Nicholas son of Sir Roger de Clitheroe and
Richard son of Thomas de Knowle. 277 The next in
possession, about 1378, was Nicholas de Clitheroe 278 ;

248 Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. xxx,
no. 73.

859 Shireburne Abstract Bk.

260 Family monuments are in Preston
Unitarian Church ; Hewitson, Preston,
517. There is a pedigree in Burke's
Landed Gentry.

261 Lanci. and Ches. Rec. (Rec. Soc.
Lanes, and Ches.), ii, 260.

142 Ducatus Lane. (Rec. Com.), iii, 458.

2 Whalley Couch. (Chet. Soc.), iii, 680.

*** The following notes may be of use.
Otes de Bailey and Walter his son attested
a charter in the early part of the ijth
century ; Towneley MS. DD, no. 654.
Ralph son of Walter de Bailey granted
2 acres in the vill of Bailey to Alexander
son of William de Elland, the grant being
attested by Walter de Bailey and John
his son ; Add. MS. 32107, no. 921, 875.
John son of Walter de Bailey granted
liberty of mill to Adam ' Wittandefot,'
and John de Bailey, probably the same
person, gave land to Adam son of Adam
4 Waltandefot," his charter naming the
4 land of Otes my brother.'

In 1284 inquiry was made as to whether
Otes de Bailey had had a rent of 91. 3</.
from Aighton claimed by his son John
(a minor) by Amice de Bradley ; Assize
R. 1265, m. 21 d. The occupiers' names
are given. In 1291 John son of Otes de
Bailey had a dispute as to inheritance
with Henry son of Robert the Miller ;
Assize R. 1294, m. n d. In the follow-
ing year Cecily daughter of Otes de Bailey
claimed chattels to the value of 48*.
from his executors John son of Avice
(? Amice) de Hayhurst and Ralph de
Bailey; Assize R. 408, m. 10.

In 1292 also Richard Pleyndamours
and Alice his wife demanded the third
part of messuages, mill, land and rent in
Aighton against Avice formerly the wife

of Otes (Eudo) de Bailey and John her
son (a minor), &c. Alice had been wife
of John de Bailey, but had left him to
live with Richard ; having returned and
been reconciled to her husband before his
death her claim was allowed; ibid. m. 56 d.
The same Richard and Alice were defen-
dants to a claim by Adam son of Richard
son of John de Bailey ; ibid. m. 10.
Robert son of John de Bailey was plain-
tiff in 1285 and 1291 ; Assize R. 1271,
m. 1 1 d. ; 1 294, m. 9.

265 See the account of Button.

266 Final Cone, i, 1 6 1.

167 Ibid, i, 162. In 1292 Amery widow
of William de Winkley claimed a mes-
suage and land in Aighton as daughter
and heir of John de Bailey. The defen-
dants were Thomas de Greengore and
Maud his wife ; Assize R. 408, m. 6.

268 De Banco R. 82, m. 52 d. Henry
de Clayton was defendant in 1291 ; ibid.
89, m. 28. a69 Final Cone, ii, 109.

270 De Banco R. 343, m. 102.

271 See Winkley.

872 In 1299 Robert was plaintiff
respecting lands in Aighton and Bailey,
the defendants being Jordan Moody and
Jordan de Bailey; De Banco R. 126, m.
130 d. In 1301 he purchased messuages
and land in Bailey and Clitheroe from
John son of Roger de Bolton and Cecily
his wife, soon afterwards securing an
oxgang and a half of land, &c., from
William son of Nicholas de Mitton ;
Final Cone, i, 198. Another acquisition
was from Edmund Talbot ; Shireburne
Abstract Bk.

8 ? 8 Coram Rege R. 293, m. 52 d. A
detailed list is given of the goods carried
off, including cattle, horse, barley, oats,
salt beef and fish, brass pots, a ' wyndon
shete and canevace ' for winnowing corn,
frying pan and roast iron, carpets, cushions,

' canevaces ' for the lord's bed, cross-bow
with sixteen quarrels, wagon, hammers,
saw, 4 resting wimbel,' a ' grouell,' pitch-
fork, &c. ; valuable resins called ' le
Rose,' 4 ipomadon,' ' athis and prophilias,'
' isope," ' luodarie,' 4 troye ' and ' breton ' ;
a psalter glossed, missal, legendary, grayle,
vestment, altar towels, censer, phials,
cross of latten, and other things in the
chapel.

274 Inq. p.m. 4 Edw. Ill (2nd nos.),
no. 106.

275 In 1327 Robert complained that
Margaret widow of Adam Banastre had
impounded his plough cattle ; De Banco
R. 272, m. 79. For minor disputes see
ibid. 199, m. 462 d. ; Coram Rege R.
292, m. 17. In 1334 it was alleged that
Sir Adam de Clitheroe, then dead, had
retained John de Bailey and others to
make claims against him, but John was
able to show a pardon from the king
dated at Berwick 26 July 1333 ; ibid.
297, Rex m. 20.

Sir Adam had claimed the 4 manor of
Bailey' from Robert in 1332, the defence
being that Bailey was in Aighton and not
in Clitheroe. Adam was the son of
Hugh de Clitheroe, who was stated to have
had possession in the time of Edward I ;
De Banco R. 290, m. 116 ; 291, m. 149.
John son of Adam de Clitheroe in the
same year claimed a messuage, &c.,
in Aighton against Robert de Clitheroe
and many others. The defence was
noteworthy that there was no vill in
Lancashire called 4 Aghton ' without an
adjunct ; Assize R. 1411, m. 12.

276 Shireburne Abstract Bk.

277 Dods. MSS. cliii, fol. loib. Edmund
de Clitheroe granted a lease in 1351 ;
Shireburne Abstract Bk.

2(8 Isabel widow of Henry de Clitheroe
released her dower to him.

BLACKBURN HUNDRED

MITTON (PART OF)

he was son of Edmund. 279 He occurs down to
I43O, 280 and was succeeded by a son Robert, 281 who
in 1443 was summoned to answer Robert Shireburne
and Alice his wife, widow of Sir William Hoghton,
as to a bond dated 1432 for the marriage of Richard
his son and heir to Margaret Hoghton, daughter of
Alice. Richard had by inheritance lands in Cumber-
halgh and Preston, formerly John de Singleton's. 282
Richard son of Robert Clitheroe and Alice his wife
made a feoffment in I459~6o. 283

Thomas Clitheroe was in possession in 1468 when
he presented to Bailey Chapel ; in 1474 he in con-
junction with Elizabeth his wife received from feoffees
the manor of Bailey. 284 He made a settlement of
his estates in I5O4~5, 285 and was within two years
succeeded by his son Robert, who then granted Bailey
Hall to his mother Ellen. 286 Ralph son of Richard
Clitheroe was in possession by I544 287 ; he died in
August 1556 holding Crawshaw, Welshman's Croft in
Bailey, &c., of Sir Richard Shireburne by a rent of
5/. id. ; also lands in Goosnargh and Whittingham.
His heirs were his father's three sisters or their repre-
sentatives, viz. Isabel wife of John Halstead, aged
seventy, aunt ; Joan daughter of John Blakeden,
thirty, cousin ; and George son of Mary Franks,
thirty, cousin. 288 Ralph had, however, just before
his death sold all his lands to Sir Richard Shire-
burne, 289 who appears to have made arrangements
with members of the family and others. 290

This manor descended with Stonyhurst until 1831,
when it was sold by Cardinal Weld to Joseph

Fenton. 291 It has since descended with Button.
No courts are held.

A family named Ash had for several centuries an
estate in Bailey and Aighton. 292 Ralph de Bailey
granted land in Bailey to Robert son of John de Ash,
to be held by 6d. rent, 293 and Ralph de Mitton
made another grant to Robert de Ash and Henry
his son at zs. rent. 294 These rents were still payable
in the i jth century, but there is not material avail-
able to show the descent completely. 295 Hugh Ash
died in 1554 seised of messuages and lands in Button,
Ribchester, Aighton and Bailey, those in the last-
named township being held of the king and queen as
of their manor of Clitheroe. George, the son and
heir, was only a year old. 296 Edward Ash of Clough
Bank died in 1609 holding lands in Aighton and
Bailey of Richard Shireburne by rents of 2s. and 6d.
respectively ; his heir, his son Robert, was fifty-eight
years old. 297

A younger branch of the Shireburnes was designated
'of Bailey.' Richard Shireburne of Bailey Hall
probably lessee was a younger son of the Hugh
Shireburne of Stonyhurst who died in 1528; he
died about I58o. 298 A descendant, also named
Richard, was outlawed for high treason in 1715,
having taken part in the Jacobite rising. 299 Sir Edward
Sherburne, the poet (1618-1702), is usually supposed
to have been of the Bailey line. 300

An early place-name was Greengore in the northern
half of Bailey. 301 In 1 3 14 Thomas del Greengore
confirmed to Adam his son certain land in Bailey,

379 See note 281 below.

280 He presented to Bailey chantry in
1421. He gave leases of Bailey Hall in
1407 and 1430 ; Gerard, op. cit. 49, 50
(from Leagram and Stonyhurst D.). In
1403 he entailed hit lands in the
counties of Nottingham, York and
Lancaster ; Shireburne Abstract Bk.
The chief residence of the family appears
to have been at Auckley, to the east of
Doncaster, on the border of Notts.

Robert de Hoghton in 1407 held 4
acres in Aighton of Nicholas Clitheroe of
Bailey by \d. rent ; Inq. a.q.d. file 438,
no. 26. Among the Hoghton deeds are
grants of land in Bailey and Aighton
from Richard son of John de Bailey to
Adam de Hoghton, &c. ; Dods. MSS.
czlii, fol. 6o/>, 55.

281 Robert son and heir of Nicholas
Clitheroe and grandson of Edmund
occurs in 1444 ; Towneley MS. C 8, 13,
p. 282. He married Margaret daughter
of John de Singleton ; Shireburne Ab-
stract Bk.

* M Pal. of Lane. Plea R. 5, m. 15.
Robert Clitheroe in 1447-8 gave Bailey
Hall on lease to Richard Crombleholme j
Shireburne Abstract Bk.

188 Ibid. Richard was living in 1466
and Alice his widow 1473 ; ibid.

284 Ibid.

285 Ibid. The will of Thomas Clitheroe
(wrongly described as incumbent of
Mitton) is given in Baines' Lanes, (ed.
1870), ii, 101.

286 Ibid. Robert presented to Bailey
Chapel in 1517 and was living in 1521.

Robert Rushton of Walsall claimed
the manor called Bailey Hall in right of
his wife Ellen in 1518 ; Duchy of Lane.
Plead. Hen. VIII, iii, R i. From a
plea of 1531 it appears that Henry
Alston had demised the manor of Bailey
Hall to Edward Halstead for the life of

Ellen Rishton, widow, who had a rent of
6 i6s. 8</. from it; Pal. of Lane.
Plea R. 153, m. 15 d.

187 Shireburne Abstract Bk.

288 Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. x, no. 26.
A moiety of the manor of Bailey was

in 1549 granted to Robert Low by Ralph
Clitheroe, together with lands in Bailey
and Goosnargh ; Pal. of Lane. Feet of F.
bdle. 13, m. 102.

289 Shireburne Abstract Bk.

290 In 1557 Sir Richard purchased a
moiety of nine messuages, &c., in Aighton
and Bailey from Robert Clitheroe ; Pal.
of Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 17, m. 21. In
1574 he purchased nine messuages, &c.,
from George Green ; ibid. bdle. 36, m.
280. In the following year he obtained
a considerable estate in Aighton, Bailey
and Whittingham from John Hopwood ;
ibid. bdle. 37, m. 57. A further purchase
was made in 1590 from John Halstead
in Aighton, Bailey, Winkley, Haighton
and Goosnargh; ibid. bdle. 52, m. 51.
Also a smaller one in 1593 from John
Burgoyne esquire in Aighton, Chaigley and
Bailey; ibid. bdle. 55, m. 153. The
'manor' of Bailey is not mentioned
subsequently, except as part of the
Shireburne estate.

391 Baines, Lanes, (ed. 1836), iii, 371.
292 Deeds are in Add. MS. 32107, no.

874-93 -

298 Ibid. no. 930. Ralph de Bailey
also granted land in the vill of Bailey to
Robert son of John de Ash, who married
Cecily daughter of Roger de Heyhurst
(in Dutton) ; ibid. no. 883, 899.

294 Ibid. no. 925.

295 Adam son of Adam Walkandfot in
1292 claimed a tenement in Bailey and
Dutton against Richard son of Robert de
Ash; Assize R. 408, m. 42. In 1304
Robert de Clitheroe claimed account
against Richard de Ash, his bailiff, and

in 1327 against two of the name, the
elder and younger; De Banco R. 152,
m. 181 d. ; 268, m. 34.

Richard de Ashes the elder was
defendant in a claim for land in Aighton
put forward by Ralph son of Jordan
Moody in 1334 ; Coram Regc R. 297,
m. i6d. In 1338 Richard de Ash gave
land in Bailey to his son Robert ; Add.
MS. 32107, no. 898. Robert is described
as 'of Dutton' in 1341 (ibid. no. 896)
and in 1 346 he obtained land in Aighton
from William de Wormstall and Margaret
his wife ; ibid. no. 882. It appears
William and Margaret (in her right) held
an oxgang of land in Aighton which they
sold in 1335 to Henry son of Robert del
Hall ; Final Cone, ii, 98.

John de Ash seems to have followed
about the time of Richard II. His son
Richard married Margery daughter of
Thomas del Ridding, and she in 1439,
as widow of John de Whalley, had held
lands of Richard de Shireburne by a
rent of 2s. Thomas Ridding was her
brother and heir ; Add. MS. 32107, no.
874, 895, 886. For the Whalley family
see Final Cone, iii, 75.

Thomas Ash in 1456 had a tenement
called Hurst in Aighton ; Add. MS.
32107, no. 894.

298 Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. x, no. 35.

297 Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Rec. Soc. Lanes,
and Ches.), i, 165.

198 His will of that date is printed by
C. D. Sherborn, op. cit. 71, and an
account of the family follows. Some
other wills are printed in Wills (Chet.
Soc. new sen), ii, 159, 179.

29J See further in the account of
Dutton and Stidd.

800 See Sherborn, op. cit. 84 ; Gerard,
Stony hunt Coll. 82 ; Diet. Nat. Biog.

801 See the account of the Holden
family.

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

excepting the Greengore. 302 John son of Thomas de
Greengore in 1364 released land in Claughton to
Ralph de Holden ; while in 1388 Adam de Green-
gore, brother and heir of John, confirmed to John
son of John son of Ralph de Holden the land called
Greengore in Bailey. 303

The freeholders recorded in 1600, in addition to
Shireburne, Winkley and Holden, were Richard
Goodshaw, Thomas Loud, Robert Read and John
Tomlinson of Aighton ; also Richard Aighton of
Chaigley. 304 Some of these have already been
named.

In 1568 there was a dispute as to Hill House in
Chaigley between John Loud and Joan his wife on
the one part and William Loud, &c., on the other. 305
Sir Richard Shireburne in 1 546 purchased a messuage
and land in Aighton from James Loud and Isabel his
wife. 306 Thomas Loud in 1632 compounded for his
recusancy by an annual payment of j2. 307 William
son and heir of James Loud held land in 169 1. 308

Thomas Johnson alias Tomlinson held land in
Bailey in 1546, with remainder to Richard Tomlin-
son. 309 John Tomlinson died in 1624 holding land
in Chaigley, with common of pasture in Bailey, of
Richard Shireburne as of his manor of Aighton ;
Thurstan his son and heir was fifty years of age. 310
John Tomlinson, apparently another son, died in
1633 holding land in Chaigley and Clitheroe of the
king ; his brother Thurstan was heir. 311

Richard ' Haghton ' and Alice his wife procured
a messuage called Armetridding, &c., in Chaigley
from Sir Richard Shireburne and Maud his wife in
1546, apparently in exchange for a tenement in
Aighton. 312 A settlement of four messuages, dovecote,
lands, &c., was in I 548 made by Richard and Alice
Haghton, the remainders being to sons John and
Roger, and to heirs male of John father of Richard
Haghton. 313

Hugh de Hacking in 1311 acquired a messuage
and land in Aighton from Thomas de Broadhurst and
Agnes his wife. 314 This was probably the estate of
Henry de Shuttleworth and Agnes his wife in 1 366. 315
Broadhurst and other lands in Aighton were in 1644
held by Nicholas Grimshaw of Clayton. 316

Thomas Bradley of Thornley in 1564 held mes-
suages, &c., in Chaigley partly of the queen and
partly of someone unknown. 317 Roger brother of
Richard Bradley of Bailey (deceased) in 1653 peti-
tioned for the restoration of a moiety of the estate,
which had been sequestered for the recusancy of

Elizabeth, Richard's widow ; she was then dead.
Roger himself was ' conformable ' to the Parliament,
' ever a dutiful and constant good Churchman,' and
had two sons in the army. 318

Mary Dewhurst alias Osbaldeston died in 1638
holding a messuage, &c., in Bailey of the king as of
the honor of Clitheroe ; Robert her son and heir was
thirty years of age. 319 Robert Dewhurst as a ' de-
linquent ' had his lands sequestered by the Parlia-
ment, and in 1654 his son James petitioned for
restoration. 320

A few particulars about non-resident holders are
found in the inquisitions. 321

A considerable number of landowners contributed
to the subsidy of 1524, the principal being Hugh
Shireburne. The others were : Robert Ash, the
wife of Thomas Clitheroe, Thomas Gooday, John
Halghton, Ralph Holden, Thomas Lenox, Robert
Waddington and Roger Winckley. 322 The names
in the 1543 subsidy list are: Richard Shireburne,
Robert Shireburne, Robert Waddington, Ralph
Holden, John Gooday, the widow of John Halghton,
Anthony Winckley, John Hayhurst and Thomas
Johnson. 323 In 1597 the following contributed for
their lands : Richard Shireburne (self and wife),
Richard Holden, John Shireburne (for wife), Richard
Haughton, John Tomlinson, Bartholomew Gooday,
Robert Read, Thomas Lowde, Henry Heyhurst. 324
In 1626 Richard Shireburne, Roger Winckley,
Richard Haighton, Thurstan Tomlinson, Richard
Holden, Richard Crombleholme (for wife), Bartho-
lomew Gooday, Richard Read, John Whitaker
and Henry Hayhurst ; the wife of Richard Shire-
burne and a large number of others paid as non-
communicants. 325

In the Commonwealth time Anne Watson, a re-
cusant, had had her estates sequestered, but was
dead in i654. 326 The hearth tax return of 1666
shows that at Aighton there were eighty-two hearths
liable, of which Stonyhurst had twenty-three, the
house of Anne Winckley widow had five, that of
James Loud five, and four houses had three. At
Bailey there were thirty-eight hearths, Mrs. Elizabeth
Rishton's house having five. At Chaigley there were
forty-two hearths, but only two dwellings had as many
as three. 327 In addition to Sir Nicholas Shireburne
a number of 'Papists' registered estates in 1717. 328
The land t.ix return of 1787 shows that Thomas
Weld held nearly all the land ; the Earl of Derby
had a part of Chaigley. 329

02 Towneley MS. C 8, 13, p. 475.

303 Ibid. The Greengore charters are
in the possession of Mr. Fitzherbert-
Brockholes of Claughton.

804 Misc. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.),
', 234-7-

801 Ducatus Lane. (Rec. Com. ), ii, 348 ;
iii, 8.

808 Pal. of Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 12,
m. 226, 259 ; the Louds had Ridding,
Lawcroft, &c. Edmund Loud had a
messuage and land in 1587 ; ibid. bdle.
49, m. 102.

307 Trans. Hist. Soc. (new ser.), xxiv,
178.

108 Exch. of Pleas, Mich. 3 Will, and
Mary, m. 40.

808 Pal. of Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 12,
m. 232.

810 Towneley MS. C 8, 13, p.

""Ibid. 1181.

Sla Pal. of Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 12,
m. 296, 223.

813 Ibid. bdle. 1 3, m. 143 ; see also
bdle. 52 (1590), m. 75 ; 58 (1597), m.

173-

114 Final Cone, ii, 10.

816 Ibid, ii, 171. See also Ducatus
Lane, iii, 518.

816 Add. MS. 32105, no. 901.

317 Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. xi,
no. 37.

118 Royalist Comf. Papers (Rec. Soc.
Lanes, and Ches.), i, 217-20.

319 Towneley MS. C 8, 13, p. 340.

880 Royalist Comf. Papers, ii, 244-51.

381 Sir William Leyland of Morleys in
i 547 held land in Aighton and Chaigley
of the king by the fortieth part of a
knight's fee ; Duchy of Lane. Inq. pan.
ix, no. 43.

Richard Crombleholme in 1588 held

land in Huntingdon (Dutton) and Bailey
of the queen by the hundredth part of a
knight's fee ; ibid, xiv, no. 40. See also
Pal. of Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 28, m. 206.

James Livesey of Livesey in 1620 held
land in Chaigley, but the tenure was not
recorded ; Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Rec. Soc.
Lanes, and Ches.), ii, 278.

822 Subs. R. Lanes, bdle. 130, no. 82.

828 Ibid. no. 125.

824 Ibid. bdle. 131, no. 274.

325 Ibid. no. 317.

326 Cal. Com. for Comf. v, 3218.

M ' Lay Subs. Lanes, bdle. 250, no. 9.

828 They were Edward Bradley, James
Dilworth, John Hill and Samson Raw-
cliffe of Aighton ; John Merrick of
Bailey and Christopher Hudson of
Chaigley ; Estcourt and Payne, Engl.
Cath. Non-jurors, 102, 1 06, &C.

829 Returns at Preston.

A chapel of St. John the Baptist was
CHURCH built in Bailey by Robert de Clitheroe,
and he obtained the royal licence to
grant it with the endowment he provided to Cocker-
sand Abbey ; the canons were to provide two
chaplains. 330 This intention does not seem to have
been carried into effect, for in 1338 Henry de
Clitheroe obtained a fresh licence from the king
authorizing him to alienate two messuages, 40 acres
of land, &c., in Ribchester and Button for the
endowment of a chaplain who should celebrate daily
for the souls of Robert de Clitheroe and others. 331
In 1548 it was found that the incumbent 'celebrated
there accordingly and did minister the Blessed
Sacrament to the inhabitants adjoining at such times
as the curates of the parish church cannot repair to
them for the floods.' 332 Most of the chaplains' names
are known, as follows 333 :

1334 William de Preston
oc. 1338 Thomas 334
oc. 1403-21 Richard Bradley
oc. 1421-62 William Bradley 335

BLACKBURN HUNDRED MITTON (PART OF,

Nowell and Richard Holden had obtained certain
deeds respecting the same, which he ought to
have. 346

For the Church of England St. John the Evan-
gelist's was built in 1838, near Hurst Green, but
within Bailey ; a burial-ground is attached. A

1468
1498

John Bradley
William Barker

oc,

oc. 1500-17 Lawrence Towneley 338 ' 7
1517 Robert Taylor 338

In 1535 the income was returned as $ los. i</. 339
The endowment was confiscated on the general sup-
pression of chantries, the lands being sold in 1549 *
William Eggleston and others, 340 and no attempt was
made, so far as appears, to maintain service in the
chapel. The building gradually fell into ruin, and
the last remains of it were destroyed in i83O. 341 The
east window had been removed to Stonyhurst and
placed in its present position there, in a room then
used as a chapel. 342 The Priest's House, or Merrick's
Hall, now standing in Bailey, is thought to have been
the chantry priest's residence. It contains some
wood carving : ' Robertus Taylor cantorista hanc
fabricam fieri fecit A. Dni M.D.xxiii.' 343

In Chaigley there was a chantry of St. Chad, but
nothing definite is known of its history. It is stated
to have been by the roadside opposite a farm now
called Chapel House. 344 The Chapel-stead in
Chaigley is named in a deed of I378-9. 345 Richard
Shireburne of Stonyhurst in 1 600 was seised of ' the
late dissolved chantry of St. Chad in Chaigley and
the chantry lands lying in the manors of Aighton,
Bailey and Chaigley,' and complained that Roger

district was assigned to it in i87O. 347 It is in the
diocese of Ripon. The vicars are presented by the
vicars of Mitton.

The Congregationalists have a small endowed
school-chapel at Walker Fold in Chaigley, founded in
1 792. Over the doorway is the inscription : 'Chaidg-
ley Charity School, Established by Miss Ellin
Haighton And endowed by Miss Ann Haighton, only
daughter of Mr. Richd. Haighton, all of London.
The ground bought of Mr. Richd. Haighton of
Chaidgley, I792.' 348

From the account of the Shireburne family it may
be gathered that the practice of the rites of the Roman
Catholic religion was maintained in the district with
more or less regularity during the whole period of the
penal laws. 349 Henry Long, a secular priest educated
at Rome, 350 the chaplain at the hall from 1666 to
1679, was drawn into a controversy with the vicar of
Mitton, who had a dispute concerning his revenues
with Richard Shireburne, * the sacrilegious popish
patron ' of Mitton, as the vicar styled him. 351 The
secular clergy were succeeded by Jesuits about 1 7OO, 352
but from 1741 to 1752 the Duchess of Norfolk had
a Carmelite for chaplain. 353 On the establishment
of the college in 1 794 a larger chapel in the house
became necessary. In 1 797 part of the old stabling was
fitted up for public use, and this was replaced in
1835 by the present church of St. Peter adjoining
the college. It is a pleasing example of the early
Gothic revival, the architect being J. J. Scoles. 354
It has in course of time become richly decorated, a
tasteful high altar having been given in 1893. The
sacristy contains a number of valuable relics, in-
cluding the cap and seal of B. Thomas More, mon-
strances and other church furniture ; also rich vest-
ments, including a chasuble and cope, part of a gift
by Henry VII to Westminster Abbey, and a more
ancient chasuble of English make called the Lucca
vestment. 355 Mass is also said once a week at St.
Joseph's Schools, Hurst Green.

The principal endowment 356 is

CHARITIES that of 80 a year for the Shireburne

almshouses. 367 In addition about 10

a year is distributed to the poor from the gift of

380 Cal. Pat. 1330-4, p. 9. It is
possible that there had been an earlier
chapel there.

331 Ibid. 1338-40, p. 30; the chapel
is described as ' lately built by Robert de
Clitheroe.'

334 Raines, Chantries (Chet. Soc.),
211-13.

333 The list is derived from Whitaker's
Craven (ed. Morant, 29), his reference
being to ' the registers of York ' and from
the Shireburne Abstract Bk.

334 Towneley MS. OO, no. 1430.

335 William Bradley, chaplain of the
chantry of Bailey, in 1430-1 made an
exchange of lands with the patron,
Nicholas Clitheroe ; ibid. no. 1221, 1223.

He had a son John named in some of
the deeds in the Shireburne Abstract. Bk.

330 " 7 He occurs in 1500 ; OO, no. 1457.
He resigned in 1517 nd Taylor succeeded.

339 Taylor was still chaplain in 1 548,
being sixty-nine years old ; Raines, loc. cit.
339 Valor Eccl (Rec. Com.), v, 144.
"o Pat. 3 Edw. VI, pt. iii.
541 Notitia Cestr. (Chet. Soc.), ii, 474.
341 Whitaker, loc. cit.

343 Gerard, op. cit. 99.

344 A 'chapel house" existed in 1725 ;
Walkden'i Diary, 1 1 (quoted by Nightin-
gale). See also Stonyhurtt Mag. Nov.
1887 and the account of Crawshaw.

345 Shireburne Abstract Bk.

846 Duchy of Lane. Plead. Eliz. cxcv,

Sl2.

347 Land. Cast. 25 Feb. 1870.

S48 Nightingale, Lanes. Nonconf. ii, 217-
22. An account of the foundation and
endowments is given in End. Char. Rep.
1899.

3 The hiding-places in the hall itself
are described in Gerard, op. cit. 78.

350 Foley, Ret. S. J. vi, 398.

341 Gillow, Bill. Diet, of Engl. Cath.
iv, 326.

3M Foley, Ret. S. J. v, 400. There
was also a chapel at Bailey Hall.

353 Zimmerman, Carmel in England, 372.

354 Gerard, op. cit. 100.

355 Ibid. 245-58 ; views of some are
given.

356 An official inquiry was made in
1898; the report, issued in 1899, in-
cludes a reprint of that of 1826. The
details here given are derived from it.

357 Richard 'Scireburne' had in 1686
intended to found an ' almshouse or
maison de Dieu ' for twenty aged persons,
and his- son Sir Nicholas in 1706 carried
the project into execution. Each of the
almspeople was to have 4 a year and
twelve places were appropriated to the
township of Aighton, Bailey and Chaigley.

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

Richard Pickering, 358 and other sums from those of
John Richmond 359 and James Standford. 360 The
schools at Chaigley and Hurst Green have endow-
ments.

SHI RE BURN 'E 4LMSHOUSES. Above Stony-
hurst, at the east end of Longridge Fell, at a height
of 800 ft. above sea level, stand the Shireburne Alms-
houses, a picturesque stone building now neglected 36
and in the first stages of decay, erected in the early
years of the i8th century by Sir Nicholas Shire-
burne. The plan is an adaptation of that of the
usual courtyard type employed in such institutions
combined with the E-shaped house plan, the wings
projecting only 28 ft. in front of the main block. 362
The ' courtyard ' in reality forms a terrace 69 ft. 6 in.
by 28 ft., raised about 8 ft. above the ground, and
approached by a semicircular flight of sixteen steps,
47 ft. 6 in. in diameter, forming a most effective
architectural feature. The design of the whole
building is thoughtful and refined, and has an in-
stinctive fitness and charm, emphasized perhaps by
its present forsaken condition. It is a good example
of simple Renaissance work, in which full advantage
has been taken of the nature of the site on the slope

of the hillside. The walls are of wrought stone with
ashlar dressings and plain architraves to all the
windows, and the roofs are covered with stone slates
with overhanging eaves. The end wings are 19 ft.
in width, the whole of the south front being about
107 ft. 6 in. in length, which is increased by high
stone walls and gates connecting a small stone out-
building on each side with the main structure. The
building is of one story, except in the projecting centre,
which rises above the roofs on either side and is sur-
mounted by a pedimented gable with stone vase orna-
ments. In the pediment are the arms of Shireburne
with crest and supporters, and below in large letters the
words ' Shireburn Almshouses,' and over the middle
entrance is a large blank stucco panel, evidently
added later, on which probably there was a painted
inscription which has completely disappeared. The
tenements of the inmates are arranged in ten small
double rooms in the middle and side wings, five on
each side of the ' chapel, ' with the names of the
different townships over the doors. 363 From the
terrace, which is inclosed by a stone balustrade with
turned balusters, there is a fine view to the south
over the Kibble Valley.

CHIPPING

CHIPPING
THORNLEY WITH WHEATLEY

This secluded parish, 1 still uncrossed by a railway
line, lies in the hilly country between Longridge
Fell on the south and Parlick and Fairsnape Fell on
the north ; the principal stream is the Loud, dividing
the two townships as it flows north-east to join the
Hodder. The area is 8,8544 acres, and the popula-
tion in 1901 numbered 1,133.

The district was called Chippingdale ; but this
term covered a somewhat wider area than the present
parish.

Few antiquities have been found, but a Roman
road crossed part of Thornley.

The transference of the parish from its original
hundred of Amounderness to that of Blackburn was
probably a consequence of the grant of the manor to
the lords of Clitheroe. Ecclesiastically it remained in
the deanery of Amounderness.

It was one of the parishes laid waste by the Scots
in 1322, but apart from this its story has been as
peaceful and uneventful as from its out-of-the-way
situation might be expected.

To the tax called the fifteenth Chipping paid
28/. and Thornley with Wheatley ijs. 6J., when
the hundred paid 37 I/, fd? To the county lay
of 1624 the two portions paid respectively z iqs. 6et.
and I 1 7/. zd. towards i oo levied on the hundred. 3

In 1666 the East End of Chipping had seventy-
one hearths liable to be taxed and the West End
forty-five, but no house had more than four hearths.
In Thornley Alexander Osbaldeston's house had seven
hearths and Henry Shireburne's the same ; no other
dwelling had more than three. 4

The agricultural land is thus classified : arable
land, 46 acres ; permanent grass, 6,721 ; woods and
plantations, 75- 4a

The church of ST. BARTHQLO-
CHURCH MEW stands on rising ground at the
north-west side of the village and consists
of chancel and nave with north and south aisles, south
porch, west tower and a modern vestry at the north-
east corner of the north aisle. The chancel and nave
are without structural division and under one roof,

The pensions are still paid, but the bene-
ficiaries have for a long time preferred to
live in their own villages, as the alms-
houses are in an out-of-the-way spot on
the side of Longridge. It has been pro-
posed to take the buildings down and re-
erect them on a more accessible site. The
Stonyhurst trustees are liable for re-
pairs.

Two each of the almspeople were to be
chosen from Dutton, Ribchester, Wiswell
and Mitton.

Sir Nicholas also intended to give 401.
a year to the boatman at Hacking boat,
but there is no evidence that this was
ever paid. He desired that ';; IS tenants
and other inhabitants shaflfld have a free
passage. OthercJ^Snties were directed
for Leagram, ^GJfiorlejr and Hambleton in

Lancashire and for some places in York-
shire.

358 He gave his land in Ded Banks in
Clayton-le-Dale for the benefit of poor
housekeepers of Aighton, Bailey and
Chaigley. The rent is 10, which is
distributed annually in small money
doles.

359 By his will of 1769 he left the
residue of his personal estate (50) for
clothing poor children and relieving old
people of the township. The capital is
now invested in consols, and the interest,
291. a year, is distributed in money doles
to the sick and other poor persons by the
vitar of Hurst Green.

16 See the account of Ribchester chari-
tIC8 A The share of Bailey amounted in
189$ to $ 2J. ioJ., distributed through

the rector of Stonyhurst in money doles
to poor cottagers.

361 The last occupant of the houses,
who had lived there some time alone,
died in 1910.

362 The middle part of the main block,
which projects 2 ft., was probably intended
for a chapel, but has never been so used.

363 Chaigley, Bailey and Aighton occur
each twice.

1 Sixty years ago the people were de-
scribed as 'plain, homespun, dialectal,
retiring, home-loving dwellers, having
little and needing less ' ; Parkinson, Old
Church Clock (ed. Evans), xvi.

a Gregson, Fragments (ed. Harland), 19.

3 Ibid. 23.

4 Lay Subs. Lanes, bdle. 250, no. 9.

43 Statistics from Bd. of Agric. (1905).

Bfl

INDEX MAP OF CHIPPING, LEAGRAM, AIGHTON AND RIBCHESTER

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

very sfigkt Tkere was a partial u.ni*akm of tke

_ 7 $iL,and 1909.

on eack side to tke aisles by an arcade of Tkeckxncel is 5 ft. 9 in. long, oocnpymg tke two

irc pointed arckes. Tke east end of die ckanod, i.ili I nmnil bays, bat tke wood screen wkkk farmedy

wiucms 15 ft. wide, B indosed nortk and sontk far stood in fine wkk tkc second pier kas Juappiawed, 8

a Iengtkof7ft.br a blank wail, and tke asks, wkkk and tke ckaace) is now only omfeentialed from tke

are nmeonal in widtk, are conrmned tke fnl kngtk nare by tke : raising of tke ioor and tke anangement

of tke ckancd, tke cast wal of tke bmUing being of tke seating. Tke ea* window, tke mnPionsof

:l-Y:i".-f":^r: ; i: ": s: ;-- '.:.:* - -- r..--r.

' isepnrategabledroofofciinalkeigktto kood monld and a low

tkat of tke nare, bnt tke nave roof is condnwd oier tracery. Tke ijtk-cemmy piscina in tke sontk wal

at a sngkdy latter phck. Botk roofi kasa trefai1edkead,edge^ol momm^andnaaVncni

covered witk stone mm* ami ka*e overkanging ornament, bnt its bowl B gone. In tke nonm wal is

.and tke waBs are cmntncted of fceal rnbbk a recess wkk pointed bead, 16 in. wide, originaiy an

witkont pfiatk, bnt witk knttMMts of two stages and opening bnt now bmk op and med as a credence,

diagonal ones at tke angles. Tke roofc and iuingt of tkc ckancd together wkk

TV ifcmifc ii Imylj m tm\j ififk rmtnrr rr tbose of die rest of tke ekmik are modem, tke

ftnoloWedince,wmxKjn%mgfiomtne cjpne stalk being erected in 1909. Tke
ide and tke pocina in tke ckancel, seems to

karebesnof I3tk-<entniy date. Ikde ornotking, Tke nortk arcade kas frre poaled arckes of two

an be said witk certzmty abont tke ptaa ckanuered otdeu sprnsging from oriignnil PKR,

of tk en% bnnmnn> *e later reran- i ft. 9 in. in dboBKCer and 6ft. in kejgkttotke top

kas nnde tke aickkectnnl endence ntker of tke caps. Tke arckes mar be tke original

box tke plan iny,i m tkat Ac ckvck kad istk-centnry ones and some parts of tke caps, as

^ >;.::. - :.;.- .z ~:cii T '^ : r ;- i"i i^-'. _r^-^~ >u.:?i. ir; ~r.nr. T ;: u: .? ^i:e. . "~; ;:

1 500 witk a new spacing of tke bays to wfcick saBprj* nvmaded witk & plain sojcare nppri and

it was intended to adapt tke nortk arcade. In tke fowled lower ntnuxr. One of tkeni B onile

end oft nortk arcade, kowever, pcrkaps becanse tt plain, bnt tke otkcr two are cjivul m tke neck

was m a better state of presenatnn, was lett nwce or win, far tke most put, vcry dementtiy patterns

.rr-- i.- ~. ~~ : ; . r_t t~; T.ir; "^j"; --rr; ~ r;; t f^;". i5 zz nnwnl ;- r-Lrrfr ^:: m:_ri--" _>i it

~ ; "- : . ~:r ^.::_ ~i;~;r:- i^; | ^;: Mn *~~ ~-~ -- ^r - ire rr.r^r." jr i..; ~ ~; ;: u;

being nsed vp Tkere are no traces of an ancient lock-centnry lebnuoing. On two sraes of tke

rr:r-ir | ikntHy ;- -; .r; i.".; ;~^ .T :~. ."? ~-^-i;T^. zn~i^~~ ;: i :~<

laerc B, kowever, no cmience of consisting of two small < u>lr\

i"i :r. ;";;:; . : r ; . ; :;_rrr ri- ;u-r.zc i~z ti; ct'.ir rr n.; ' r,"*i :j.~ii-~t; r^~r<,

tion caa onhr be snnused. Tke I jtk-ceacarv ptscina and ft pointod 'window' of tiuee figkts witk tke

-. .__.- ..".. ._. ,-. .' . r ~ -_... -. _^ . ~~ . "- . . H^^i **^ -^ _ _.*_. ,_

a cne snort jengtn ot tne present cnaaoei wail B nwinons mxetsecong m tne neau, ano. on tne same

probabfy' not m ib anginal position, bnt if it is, tken cap a dragon abo ocean. It scents finely, kowever,

it is possUK tiac tke 1 3db-<CBtaij' ckiaxk consisted of tkat afl tkis nuk is of one date, tke new < j|ataK

a nare extending onh- as sir as tke ^ad pier of dte being carved bj a worknun of eclectic tastes kaving

o^ arcade fitn tke east, bpan%fnrAer west- a general knowledge of muiuvul farms. Tke 'rose

ward. Tke two west arckes are wider tkan tke tonmante* otmnabo on tke base of Ac fant,wnkk

odnm ami Oft capital of tke pier in qnesaon is of a B of lotk-centnrj date. Tke cap of Ac tknd pier

ore or less nondescript ckaratter. It is MjmuJf from tke east is a made-np one and on tke east side

Halj tint tie pnunt mim^ m i it of pkn whkont is caned whk fanr beads and a beak wkkk seem to

a stractnral dkanid is dot wiock originalr/ obtnned. be original ijtk-centnrj work, and tke west respond

Tke tower s an adfition w icbnkSng of tke earhr kas abo two beads jppjuendy of cqnai date. Tke

lOlkcgntnry, nfciifc penad tke rest of tke owDd- impost of tke

wkere not modem, lirlnniji. In 1702 tke work of orb/ lotk-centmj type, and is endeady

k is said ID kare been reseated, in 1 7$4 a gallery coeval whk tke pattens on tke two caps to wkkk

was erected at tke west end of tke nare, and in 18 1 1 leference kas already been made. Tke late date of

a roaiitk ijlfc ammmt of icpamt seems to bate been tkese seems dear from tkc intiodnoion of a pointed

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CHIPPING CHURCH FROM THE SOUTH

CHIPPING CHURCH : THE NAVE, LOOKING EAST

BLACKBURN HUNDRED

opposite side. The north aisle is 70 ft. 6 in. long by
1 5 ft. 4 in. wide, and is lit by three square-headed
windows of four trefoiled lights in the rebuilt north
wall, with a modern window of three trefoiled lights
at the east and an old one of four lights at the west
end. The aisle extends 6 ft. 6 in. west of the arcade
and formerly possessed, ' near the east end of the north
wall,' a low side window about I 8 in. high, 8 in. wide,
and 2 ft. from the ground, 9 which was done away
with in the restoration of 1872-3, when a small vestry
was erected at the north end of the aisle on the north
side. The organ now occupies the east end. The
south aisle is 68ft. gin. long and 1 1 ft. 4 in. wide,
and is lit by four square-headed windows of three
trefoiled lights in the new south wall, and by an
original window of similar type at the east end, the
mullions of which have been renewed. The east end
of the aisle was formerly the Shireburne chapel, com-
monly known as the Wolfhouse quire from the name
of the residence of its possessor, 10 and was separated
from the rest of the church by a low wooden par-
tition. In the restoration of 1872 a stoup was
found in the wall. 11 There is a priest's door oppo-
site the second bay from the east, the principal
entrance being at the west end opposite the fifth bay.
West of the door in the south wall is built a plain
piscina without bowl, and there is another similar one
in the west wall between the window and the arcade.
The porch is of stone with gabled roof, the eaves of
which come close to the ground. In its east wall is
a small arched recess built into the wall. At the east
end of the nave roof on the south side is a dormer
window of five lights, rebuilt in 1873, with stone
mullions and timber gable.

The font, which stands at the west end of the south
aisle near the door, is of gritstone, octagonal in shape
and of 16th-century date. On each face is a shield,
three of which are carved with emblems of the
Passion, and the others with the sacred monogram,
the initials j. B. and other devices, one side only
being blank. The stem has eight hollowed sides, and
on the foot is a series of devices in Gothic letters
which have been interpreted as A M G + PDT
(Ave Maria Gratia Plena Dominus Tecum). 12

The tower is 1 3 ft. square internally with diagonal
buttresses of five stages and a vice in the south-west
corner. The stages are unmarked externally by any
string course and the character of the whole is very
plain, the walls being of rubble and terminating in
an embattled parapet with continuous moulding to
merlons and embrasures and with angle pinnacles.
The belfry windows are of two trefoiled lights with
stone louvres but without hood moulds. On the
north and south sides the walls below the belfry
windows are quite plain except for a small square
opening on the north and a clock on the south side,

CHIPPING

but on the west side are a pointed door with moulded
jambs and head and a traceried window of three
trefoiled lights and external hood mould. The
tower arch is of two chamfered orders springing from
moulded imposts and was opened out in 1873, the
bells being rung from the floor of the church.

A modern stone pulpit replaces one of wood
which had a massive canopy and was inscribed with
the initials of the Rev. Thomas Clarkson, vicar, and
the date 1723.

In the restoration of 1872-3 during the removal
of the whitewash several painted texts were brought
to light, 13 but these, with an inscription on the east
face of the central pier of the north arcade, 14 have
been lost.

On the face of the east respond of the south arcade
is a brass 15 to the ' two wyves of Robert Parkinson of
Fayresnape,' Marie daughter of Jerome Asheton, died
1 6 1 1 , and Anne daughter of George Singleton of
Stayninge, died 1623. At the bottom of the
inscription are a skull and cross-bones and these
lines :

' Theire p^rtes theire persons and theire vertvovs lyfe
Now rest in peace freed from the bond of wyfe.'

There is a tablet on the south wall of the chancel,
where he is buried, to the Rev. John Milner, vicar
1739 to 1777, but the other monuments are all
modern. They include a brass to the fifteenth Earl
of Derby, who died in 1893.

There is a ring of six bells cast by Thomas Mears
in 1793.

The plate consists of a chalice of 16012 inscribed
round the rim ' The Comvnion cupp of y e Churche
of Chyping in y e County of Lancaster 1602,' with
the maker's mark R.B. ; and a paten of 1876 by
Elkington inscribed ' St. Bartholomew's Church,
Chipping, Easter 1 876.' There is also a bread-holder.

The registers begin in 1559. The first two
volumes (1559-1694) have been printed. 16 The
churchwardens' accounts begin in 1809. Plans of
the seating 1635 to 1818 have been preserved. 17

The churchyard, which lies principally on the
south side of the church and is approached from the
road by a broad flight of stone steps, was enlarged in
1863. It contains an old yew tree and a stone
sundial dated 1 708, inscribed with the initials of the
churchwardens. The plate bears the name of Jas.
Hunter, maker, Wappin, London. The oldest
decipherable dated stone is 1754.

Originally the church may have
dDFOWSON been a chapel of Preston, the rector
of which place claimed the presen-
tation in 1 240 18 ; but the right of the lord of
Clitheroe, to whom the manor had been given, seems
in later times to have been admitted without question,

9 T. C. Smith, History of Chipping,
69. The illustration, there given of
the east end of the church, however,
shows this window in the east wall of
the aisle. The illustration is presumably
correct.

10 Cf. T. C. Smith, Chipping, 73 (quoting
Derby MS3.).

11 Smith, op. cit. 74.

12 The shields and inscription on the
font are given, Gent. Mag. 1772, p. 588 ;
but the shields are placed wrong side up,
and the small letters of the inscription are
placed close together instead of being

separate, and are made larger than the
shields. For corrections see Baines' Lanes.
(Croston's edition), iv, 76, and T. C.
Smith, op. cit. 73.

13 T. C. Smith, op. cit 70.

14 It consisted of the name ' Rich.
Singl(e)ton.'

15 Formerly on a flag in the floor of
the central aisle ; Hewitson, Our Country
Churches, 537.

16 Lanes. Parish Reg. Soc. vol. xiv
(1903). Transcribed by Alice Brier-
ley.

17 T. C. Smith, Chipping, 76 ; the lists

1635, 1739, 1769 and 1818 are printed
in full.

18 The church being then vacant the
king claimed to present as guardian of
the lands and heir of John de Lacy. The
Prior of Lancaster claimed, but withdrew
absolutely ; the rector of Preston (Amcry
des Roches), who alleged that Chipping
was only a chapel belonging to his church,
withdrew his claim for a time, until the
heir should be of age, it being acknow-
ledged that the lord of Clitheroe had
presented the last incumbent ; Abbrev.
Plac. (Rec. Com.), no, in.

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

and he and his successors in title presented to Chip-
ping. 19 Soon after the foundation of the see of Chester
by Henry VIII this rectory was in 1546-7 given to
the bishop by the king in exchange for certain lands, 20
and from about that time the bishop enjoyed the
profits of the rectory, 21 appointing a vicar. After the
establishment of the see of Manchester the patronage
was transferred from Chester, and the Bishop of Man-
chester now collates. The income of the rectory goes
to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners.

At the end of the I3th century the benefice was
valued at 10 I p. \d. a year, 22 but forty years later,
after the invasion, of the Scots, at only $. In
1341 this was still the estimate, Chipping being

responsible for 50*. and Thornley for the other
5O/. 24 ; but by 1535 the estimated value had risen to
2$ is. 8</. 25 The tithes in 1650 were valued at
85 5-f. a year, and there were other profits bringing
the total value to over 126 'before the wars,' of
which I o went to the vicar ; the officiating
minister in 1650 had 60 out of the whole. 26
After the restoration of episcopacy the minister's
stipend would be reduced to its old amount, but
in 1720 his income was certified as 36 13*. \d. ;
the vicar had also the use of the mansion or
parsonage-house. 27 Grants from Queen Anne's
Bounty were obtained in 1768 and later. 28 The
value of the vicarage is now stated as 285.

The following have been rectors and vicars :

RECTORS
Name Patron

Robert 29

Peter the Physician 30 The King . .

William Lawrence 31 .

Ralph de Aldburne 3a

Roger 33

Instituted

c. 1230 . .
29 Nov. 1240
5 Nov. 1241
oc. 1279

Cause of Vacancy

res. P. the Physician

1 6 Mar. 1326-7 Robert de Langton Queen Isabel ; .

oc. 1348-58 Gilbert de Marsden 34

15 Mar. 1368-9 Thomas le Wise 38 Duke of Lancaster .

oc. 1391 . John Exton 36

II June 1393 . William Whitewell , Duke of Lancaster .

I July 1394 . Robert Marshford . ..

Robert Gowe

Dec. 1399 . John Maryden 37 The King . . .

17 July 1421 . John Caton 38 ' ...

28 Jan. 1441-2 . Lawrence Caton 39 . . .

d. Roger

res. W. Whitewell

res. Rt. Gowe

res. John Caton

19 In 1361 it was found that Henry
Duke of Lancaster had held the advow-
son ; Whitaker, Whalley, ii, 480, quoting
Chan. Inq. p.m. 35 Edw. Ill, no. 122.

* Pat. 38 Hen. VIII, pt. v, quoted in
Ormerod'g Ches. (ed. Helsby), i, 97.

81 The bishop appears as rector in the
visitation list of 1554. He came into
possession on the death of the last rector
in that year.

n Pope Nich. Tax. (Rec. Com.), 307.
This 'old taxation' was made in 1292.

35 Ibid. 327 ; the date in the heading
is 1334.

* 4 Inq. Nonarum (Rec. Com.), 38. The
reason given for the reduction, in addition
to the havoc caused by the Scots, was
that in the ' new taxation ' the value of
the glebe and certain tithes, oblations and
altarage dues had not been reckoned.

K Valor Eccl. (Rec. Com.), v, 262.
The mansion-house and glebe were worth
Si. a year, the tithe of grain 13, other
tithes ,3 10.5., Easter offerings, &c.,

8 3*- W-

86 Commonw. Ch. Surv. (Rec. Soc.
Lanes, and Ches.), 169, 196, where are
given particulars of a lease made by the
Bishop of Chester in 1598 at the rent
of 25 is. 8</. There were 'a fair
parsonage house and about 5 acres of
glebe (great measure), with liberty to get
turbary, all which is valued to be worth
7 per annum.' Of the rent named
,^10 was paid to the vicar, to whom
in 1647 the Committee of Plundered
Ministers ordered 50 a year more to
be paid out of the profits of the rectory,
it being sequestered from Christopher
Harris, 'a Papist in arms,' who enjoyed
the lease in right of his wife.

It it not clear that the increase in the

vicar's stipend was maintained ; Plund.
Mins. Accts. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.),
ii, 288.

27 Gastrell, Notitia Cestr. (Chet. Soc.),
ii, 401. The vicar's stipend was made
up of 10, the old allowance from the
bishop, and 21 131. 4<f. from the lessee ;
surplice fees amounted to ^5.

23 For particulars see T. C. Smith,
Chipping, 63, &c. ; lands were bought in
Dutton and Whittingham. Terriers of
both rectory and vicarage are printed ibid.

29 Parson of Chippingdale ; Lane. Ch.
(Chet. Soc.), i, 165.

80 Cal. Pat. 1232-47, p. 239. The
king presented in right of the heir of
John de Lacy, his ward.

31 Ibid. 265. 'William the clerk of
Chipping ' attested a grant to Sawley ;
Harl. MS. 112, fol. 72^. Also another
in Dilworth ; Add. MS. 32106, fol. 3 1 1.
These may be earlier than 1241.

** In 1 27980 Cecily widow of William
de la Sale claimed dower in certain
messuages and lands in Chipping against
Ralph the parson and other people of the
place ; De Banco R. 28, m. 64 d. ; 36,
m. 45 d. In 1281 Pope Martin IV
notified to the Archbishop of York that
he had taken under his protection Ralph
de Aldburne, priest, who had taken the
cross and intended to go to the assistance
of the Holy Land. In the margin of the
register Ralph is described as ' former
rector of Chipping ' ; Wick-wane's Reg.
(Surtees Soc.), izi.

Adam son of Thurstan the chaplain in
1292 claimed a tenement in Chipping
held by Simon de Beforton, but was non-
suited ; Assize R. 408, m. 42. There is
nothing to show Thurstan's position.

88 This and some later names are from

2 4

Torre's list of rectors ; Archdeaconry of
Richmond, 1825.

84 Gilbert was the son of Richard de
Merclesden or Marsden. He occurs as
plaintiff or defendant from 1348 onwards ;
De Banco R. 354, m. 399 ; 360, m. 37 ;
Sec. He was in 1350 charged with the
abduction of William son and heir of
John de Marsden ; ibid. 363, m. 78 d.

85 The date of presentation is from
Raines MSS. (Chet. Lib.), xxii, 387.
Thomas le Wise, rector of Chipping, is
mentioned in a pleading of 1 3 7 3 ; De Banco
R. 452, m. 113. Also in a fine of 1375 j
Final Cone. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.),
ii, 188-9. Again in the following year
he was charged with detaining a box con-
taining charters ; De Banco R. 462, m. 136.

36 He had a dispensation from illegiti-
macy, enabling him to be ordained and hold
a benefice, and this was extended by Boni-
face IX in 1391 to enable hi m to hold three
benefices, &c. ; Cal. Papal Letters, iv, 387.

37 Raines MSS. xxii, 395. The king
presented as Duke of Lancaster. It may
be noted that a Robert Gowe, king's clerk,
was in 1399 presented to the rectory of
Wigston and in the following year to a
canonry at Windsor; Cal. Pi.t. 1399-
1401, pp. 154, 356. Torre gives his
successor's name as Marmyon.

38 Raines MSS. xxii, 397.

89 Ibid. 409. The feoffees of King
Henry (as Duke of Lancaster) presented.
John Caton resigned Chipping for the
vicarage of Longford (dio. Lichfield), which
Lawrence Caton vacated.

Two 'chaplains' occur in the 1 5th cen-
tury, viz. Thomas Mawdesley in 1427
and Richard Smethes in 1447 ; Cal. Pat.
1422-9, p. 365 ; Pal. of Lane. Plea R.
10, m. 42.

CHIPPING CHURCH : THE FONT

Instituted

oc. 1472-80
oc. 1481

30 Apr. 1523 .
4 Aug. 1530 .
12 Feb. 1531

oc. 1562
8 Feb. 1589-90
5 Oct. 1616
c. 1622 .
1 6 Oct. 1672
12 Aug. 1692
23 Dec. 1701
19 Aug. 1721
29 May 1738
19 Feb. 1738-9 .
ii Mar. 1778 .
3 Aug. 1779 .
21 Nov. 1786
10 May 1807
28 Nov. 1816 .
8 Nov. 1864 .
21 Dec. 1886 .

Name

Thomas Swift 40 . . .
James Straitbarrell 41
Thomas Mawdesley 42 .
Thomas Westby 43 . .
George Wolset, LL.D. 44

Patron

VICARS

John Marsden 45

Richard Parker 46 Bp. of Chester .

William Armitstead 47

JohnKing^

Richard White, M.A. 49 ....

Humphrey Briscoe, B.A. 5 ' ... .

Thomas Atherton, M.A. 51 . ... . .

Thomas Clarkson, M.A. 5 -. ... . .

William Rawstorne 53 .

John Milner, M.A. 54

Thomas Pearce, M.A. 55 .... . .

William Stockdale 56 . . . . .^

John Carlisle 57 . .

James Penny, M.A. 58 .... -. . .

Edmund Wilkinson 59 .

Richard Robinson, B.A. 60 .... Bp. of Manchester

John Birch Jones, B.D. 61 ....

CHIPPING

Cause of Vacancy

d. J. King
res. R. White
d. H. Briscoe
res. T. Atherton
d. T. Clarkson
res. W. Rawstorne
d. J. Milner
res. T. Pearce
d. W. Stockdale

d. J. Penny
d. E. Wilkinson
res. R. Robinson

40 He was in 1472 tummoned to answer
Hugh Radcliffe regarding a claim for
8 1 3*. 4< ; Pal. of Lane. Writs Proton.
I Aug. 12 Edw. IV. In 1480 the Abbot
of Whalley claimed ,40 from him ; Add.
MS. 32108, no. 1464.

41 Acting as trustee he was described
as 'chaplain' in 1479 and as 'rector of
Chipping' in 1481 ; Kuerden MSS. iii,
H 3. He held various other benefices,
including the rectory of St. Mary-by-the-
Castle, Chester, 1506-23 ; Earwaker,
St. Mary's, 79.

There are full accounts of the rectors
and vicars from this time in T. C. Smith's
Chipping, 84-108. Several particulars in
the following notes have been taken from
that work.

The next presentation to the rectory
was in 1515 granted to James Worsley ;
L. and P. Hen. Fill, ii (i), 1157.

43 There was formerly an inscription
on one of the church windows, asking
for prayers for the soul of Master Thomas
Mawdesley, founder of the chantry, and
his parents, dated 1530; Ducatus Lane.
(Rec. Com.), ii, 132.

43 He held various other benefices and
was one of the king's chaplains (Smith),
and became Archdeacon of York 1540-3 ;
Le Neve, Fasti, iii, 134.

44 This name may be Wolfet or
Wolflet ; he is noticed further under
Ribchester, of which parish he became
rector in 1543.

At the visitation of 1554 the bishop
was recorded as parson, and a ' Thomas
Manstem ' (?), beneficed elsewhere, seems
to have been in charge.

45 Alias Marston. Little is known of
this vicar, recorded at the visitation of
1562, when he appeared but did not sub-
scribe. He may be identical with the
above-named 'T. Manstem.' The will
of ' Sir John Marsden, clerk, vicar of
Chipping,' was proved at Chester in 1588.
An abstract is given by T. C. Smith
(op. cit.) ; it names 'John Parker alias
Marsden, my bastard son.'

46 Act Bk. at Chester, fol. i8. No
first-fruits were paid by the vicars, but
the institutions have, when possible, been
compared with those in the Institution

Books (P.R.O.), as printed in Lanes, and
Ches. Antiq. Notes. See also Baines,
Lanes, (ed. Croston), iv, 79.

Richard Parker, son of Reynold Parker
of Greystonelee in Bowland, copied the
early volume of the registers, in which
his own baptism (1563) is recorded. He
was Dean of Amounderness, but was
described as ' no preacher ' in 1590, and
again about 1610 ; S. P. Dom. Eliz.
xxxi, 47 ; Hist. MSS. Com. Rep. xiv,
App. iv, 9.

In 1610 it was returned that Richard
Parker, vicar, had ' but one benefice of
401. by year, and no vicarage house ' ;
Chester Consistory Ct. Papers.

47 Act Bk. at Chester, fol. 63. The
name is otherwise given as Armitsdale.
Nothing seems to be known of him, but
the baptism of Margaret daughter of
William Armistead is recorded 8 Apr.
1628.

48 His name occurs in the registers
from 1625. His burial on 23 Sept.
1672 is thus recorded: 'John King,
clerk, minister of God's word at Chip-
ping for fifty years last past departed this
life September the twenty-second Anno
Dom. 1672 and was buried in the south
side of the chancel in the parish church
of Chipping aforesaid.'

In 1624 John King paid 4 %s. to the
clerical subsidy for Chipping, possibly as
agent of the Bishop of Chester ; Misc.
(Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.), i, 81.

He accepted the Presbyterian discipline
without hesitation, for in 1646 he was a
member of the third classis ; Baines,
Lanes, (ed. 1868), i, 227. In 1650 he
was commended as 'an able, orthodox
divine'; Common*. Ch. Surv. 170.
He seems to have conformed as readily
in 1662, remaining at Chipping till his
death.

The inventory of his goods (Smith,
op. cit. 912) shows a considerable farm-
ing stock, but no books.

49 Educated at Emmanuel Coll., Camb. ;
M.A. 1675. Was appointed to Whalley
in 1694, and died in 1703.

40 Educated at Jesus Coll., Camb. ;
B.A. 1689. His will was proved at
Richmond in 1702.

41 Educated at Trin. Coll., Camb. ;
M.A. 1698. He was promoted to the
rectory of Aughton near Ormskirk in
1721 (q.v.)

53 Educated at Queen's Coll., Oxf. ;
M.A. 1714. He became rector of Hey-
sham in 1735. At Chipping he had
quarrels with his parishioners. He
published some books, one being a
treatise on confirmation. He seems
to be the 'Mr. Kelly, High Church
parson,' of a local squib of which a full
account is printed in Smith's Chipping,
171-8.

58 Resigned on being promoted to the
rectory of Badsworth, Yorks.

44 Educated at Jesus Coll., Camb. ;
M.A. 1745. He was a friend and fellow
worker of John Wesley, and frequently
mentioned in his diaries. He was also
one of the king's preachers in Lanca-
shire.

55 Educated at Oriel Coll., Oxf. ;
M.A. 1771 ; D.D. 1793 ; Foster,
Alumni. He became prebendary of
Chester, rector of Coddington, and then
of West Kirby, and sub-dean of the
Chapel Royal.

54 He was also curate of Samlesbury,
where he resided. He was a king's
preacher.

47 He was also master of Brabin's
School and king's preacher. In 1790
there were ' three Sacrament days '
yearly ; T. C. Smith, op. cit. 66.

58 Educated at Brasenose and Hertford
Colls., Oxf.; M.A. 1784; Foster,
Alumni. In 1809 he was appointed
vicar of Preston (q.v.), and retained both
benefices till death.

59 ' A man of considerable power and
influence, an able preacher, and deservedly
esteemed by his parishioners ' ; Croston
in Baines' Lanes, iv, 81. He was also
master of the free school from 1817 to
1837.

60 Educated at St. Bees ; B.A. at
Trinity Coll., Dublin, 1867. Preferred
to the vicarage of Carlton on Trent in
1886.

81 Educated at Lampeter ; B.D. 1889.
Exchanged Chipping for AH Saints',
West Gorton, in 1891,

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

Instituted
1891

1 1 Oct. 1 904

Name

George Burwell, M.A. 62 .
Walter Hudson, M.A. 63

Patron
Bp. of Manchester

Cause of Vacancy
exch. J. B. Jones
res. G. Burwell

A chantry, St. Mary's, was founded by Thomas
Mawdesley, rector 1 523~3O, 64 and its priest was Ralph
Parker in I535- 68 Its altar was on the north side of
the church.

The free school was established under the will of
John Brabin, dated i683. 66

There does not seem to be any record of the normal
staff of clergy in this parish before the Reformation. 67
At each of the visitations of 1548 and 1554 two
names are given, but probably only one was resident,
and he may have been a domestic chaplain. 68 The
chantry endowment had perhaps been intended partly
to secure at least one resident priest. After the rectory
was appropriated to the bishopric it may be presumed
that the Bishops of Chester usually took care that their
vicar should reside, but there is little on record about
the parish. The vicar of the Commonwealth period
held the benefice during all the changes ; and another
noteworthy incident is the hostile reception accorded
by many of the people to Wesley, when John Milner,
the vicar, desired him to preach at Chipping. In
June 1752 Wesley and his friend the vicar returned
to Chipping from an evangelizing tour, and were in-
formed that the churchwardens and some others were
consulting as to the means of preventing Wesley from
preaching. After an interview they were pacified, and
Wesley preached in the church without disturbance.
Next year, however, several of those present stopped
Wesley by force from officiating ; but a large part of
the congregation followed him into the vicarage after
prayers, and he preached to them. 69

The churchwardens at the visitation of 1753 pre-
sented the vicar ' for disorderly behaviour in the church
on Sunday the 4 th of March in the time of divine
service ; also for absenting himself on several holydays
and at divers times neglecting to read prayers as usual ;
likewise for introducing strange and unlicensed preachers
into his pulpit, contrary to the canon.'

62 Educated at St. John's Coll., Camb. ;
M.A. 1874. Previously rector of All
Saints', Gorton.

68 Educated at Exeter Coll., Oxf. ;
M.A. 1898. Previously rector of St.
Cyprian's, Ordsall.

64 Ducatus Lane. (Rec. Com.), ii, 1 3 1-2.

65 Valor Eccl. (Rec. Com.), v, 263.
The revenue was only 38$. $d. There
seem to have been disputes later regard-
ing the lands, between Hoghton and Shire-
burne ; Ducatus, loc. cit. ; i, 152. This
chantry is not mentioned by Raines,
who gives Ralph Parker as chantry priest
at Singleton Chapel in 1547.

The lands of the chantry were sold to
Sir John Parrott in 1555-6 ; Pat. 2 & 3
Phil, and Mary, pt. viii.

66 End. Char. Rep. (1902). For the
founder and his family see Smith, op. cit.
140. 'James Remington late school-
master at Chipping ' was buried there
15 Sept. 1675.

67 The rector of Chipping was ad-
monished for not residing in 1444 ;
Raines MSS. xxii, 373, 375.

68 Visit, returns at Chester.

69 Wesley's Journal, quoted in Baines'
Lanes, (ed. Croston), iv, 80.

70 Visit. Returns.

71 It was printed in 1902, the report
of 1826 being re-issued with it. The
following details are derived from it.

In 1755 it was stated that there were in the parish
136 families of Protestants and 38 of Dissenters. 70

An inquiry into the charities was
CHARITIES made in I9OI. 71 John Brabin, the
founder of the schools, also established
almshouses, for which there is now an income of
ioj 5/., but only part of this is spent upon the six
almswomen. 72 Edward Helme in 1691 gave land
now producing ^35 a year for the general benefit of
the poor. 73 This sum and 16 los. from another
foundation 74 are distributed in money doles in the
township of Chipping. For Thornley with Wheatley
there is an endowment of 9 1 8/. a year, distributed
in sheets and flannel and skirts. 76

CHIPPING

Chipinden, Dom. Bk. ; Chipping, 1242 ; Chepin,
1246 ; Chipindale, 1258 ; Chipin, 1258 ; the final
g seldom occurs till xvi cent. Schepin and similar
forms are found occasionally, 1292 and later.

The northern boundary at Fairsnape Fell attains
a height of 1,700 ft. ; thence a spur shoots south,
terminating in Parlick, 1,416 ft. high. Saddle Fell
is a minor eminence to the east. From Parlick the
ground slopes rapidly to the east and south, but land
over 600 ft. high projects south-east, and on the eastern
slope of this, close to the boundary, are Chipping
village and church, beside a brook running south to
join the sluggish Loud, which rises on Parlick and
bounds the township on the west (for part of the
way) and south, curling round a hill 500 ft. high,
Elmridge. Core is in the north-west corner, and
Wolfhall, formerly Wolfhouse, in the north. The
area of the township is 5,634 acres, 1 and it had a
population of 820 in 1901.

The principal road is that from Thornley to Chip-
ping village, going north. Many smaller roads branch
oft" from it, crossing the township in all directions.

7S John Brabin in 1683 bequeathed to
trustees messuages called Goose Lane
House and Waller tenement for his
charities, and in the following year the
trustees bought land called Brow Spring
and there built the school and alms-
houses. Woodstow House was bought in
1686 as part of the endowment and
Woodscales in Thornley in 1690. The
school was for the poor children of Chip-
ping, Thornley and Leagram ; the poor
to be assisted from the other funds were
those of Chipping, Thornley and Bleas-
dale. The present gross income of the
combined charities is ,259, but most
goes to the school.

The almshouses consist of a two-
storied stone building divided into three
tenements, each of which is occupied by
two women, appointed by the trustees.
Each woman receives 2 8j. a quarter
and as much coal as she requires. No
doles have recently been given to poor
housekeepers. 'The population of Chip-
ping is decreasing and there are practically
no poor in the township.'

78 The estate was the messuage and
land he had on Helmeridge (Elm-
ridge), now known as Richmond's
Farm.

74 Edward Harrison in 1671 left 30,
the interest to be distributed to poor
people in the parish of Chipping Church

on 21 December in each year. Richard
Lund alias Cragg in 1676 left another
30 for like uses, and Henry Barnes in
1696 bequeathed the residue of his per-
sonal estate (37 5*.) likewise. Lund's
gift was for the parish of Chipping, the
others for the township only. Thomas
Walbanck in 1732 left 10 for an annual
sermon at Chipping Church, and 15
each for such poor of Chipping and
Leagram as should attend the sermon.
Marsden's tenement was purchased with
the combined fund in 1767. The pro-
perty now owned by the charity consists
of the Malt-kiln estate, five cottages which
used to be the workhouse, and a cottage
and smithy; the gross rent is 17. A
sum of lOi. is paid to the vicar for the
annual sermon, and the rest is distributed
in doles of from is. to 25*.

Alice Webster in 1742 left 18 for
poor householders of Chipping and Lea-
gram, and her brother James added 2.
This was lost between 1826 and 1862,
by the bankruptcy of a trustee, as it was
supposed.

75 A fund of 220 existed in 1812,
chiefly derived from gifts by William
Wright (1711), 160, and Richard Lund
(as above), 7 los. The capital is in
Lord Derby's hands.

1 5,631, including 4 of inland water;
Census Rep. 1901.

BLACKBURN HUNDRED

' Within living memory the district was rich in
fine ancestral timber ; the oak, the ash, the elm, the
sycamore, the hazel and the holly find congenial soil ;
and . . . the alder grows in great abundance in
" carrs and marshes," although surface draining has in
recent years much reduced the growth.' 2

'Teanleas fires' used to be lighted on I May,
24 June, 3 1 August and i November. 3

The township is governed by a parish council.

Among the trades recorded in the parish registers
of the i /th century are those of gold-beater, glover,
hat-maker and linen-weaver. In 1825 there were
cotton-spinners, roller maker and spindle maker.
More recently lime-burning, iron-working and chair-
making were the principal industries. The last-named
continues, but the iron-turning mill was disused about
twenty years ago. The land is mostly in grazing. 4
The soil is clay and calcareous earth.

In 1833 there were cattle fairs on Easter Tuesday
and 24 August. The fairs are now held on 23 April
and the first Wednesday in October.

Ground for a camp and rifle range was acquired
by the government in 1892.

In 1066 CHIPPING, assessed as three
MANORS plough-lands, was a member of Earl
Tostig's fee of Preston. 5 After the
Conquest it was granted to Roger of Poitou, and
became part of the possession of the Bussels of Pen-
wortham for a time. Henry I in 1102 gave it to

CHIPPING

Robert de Lacy, 6 and from that time it continued to
form a member of the honor of Clitheroe. 7

The land appears to have been divided among a
number of holders, but it is not possible to trace the
origin or descent of these tenements. The most
important were those of Hoghton of Hoghton, Knoll
of Wolfhouse or Wolfhall, and the Hospitallers,
each of them apparently being regarded at one time
or another as a ' manor.'

The Hoghton tenement can be traced back to
1292, when Adam de Hoghton complained that
Richard le Surreys (Sothron) and others had made
forcible entry into his several pasture in Chipping.
The jury, however, found that the defendants had a
right to common in 20 acres of moor and other land
which Adam had inclosed by a dyke, and gave a
verdict for them. 8 In 1313 only the twelfth part
of the manor is named in a Hoghton settlement, 9 but
in later times the ' manor ' is spoken of absolutely. 10
In 1425 the manor was stated to be held of the king
by a rent of 2/. n ; in the 1 6th century the service
was unknown. 12 In 1552-6 there were disputes
between Hoghton and Shireburne of Wolfhouse as
to the lordship, the command of the waste being of
importance. It appears that the Hoghton manor-
house was Black Hall, about half a mile west of the
church. 12a This manor was sold to trustees for
Charlotte wife of Lord Strange about i63O. 13 It
does not appear much later. 14

1 T. C. Smith, Hist, of Chipping, 3.

3 Ibid. 6. For 'Mischief night,' the
eve of May Day, see ibid. 52.

4 In 1843 about a fourth of the land
was arable, though little wheat was grown ;
T. C. Smith, Longridge, 202.

5 V.C.H. Lanes, i, 288^. Chipinden '
or Chippingdale then probably included
Leagram and Little Bowland, and perhaps
part of Thornley.

' Farrer, Lanes. Pipe R. 382 ; see also
the account of Aighton.

1 In the account of the lands of John
de Lacy in 1241-2 is found a sum of i is.
from Chipping, and it occurs again in
1258 ; Lanes. Inq. and Extents (Rec. Soc.
Lanes, and Ches.), i, 156, 217.

In 1302 John son of Robert del Hall
held land of the Earl of Lincoln by the
fortieth part of a knight's fee ; ibid, i,
319. From later inquisitions it appears
that this was in Chipping ; Baines, Lanes.
(ed. 1870), ii, 693, from the Lansdowne
Feodary. In 1311 Joppe of the Hall
held a plat of the earl, rendering id.
yearly, and Thomas son of Kutte did suit
for his tenement to the court of Clitheroe;
De Lacy Inq. (Chet. Soc.), i 8, 19.

Later there are but few tokens of the
dependency on Clitheroe ; see Lanes. Ct.
R. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.), 48, 62.
In 13563 number of suitors of the courts
of Clitheroe are named, among them being
Adam de Hoghton and Adam son of William
for tenements in Chipping, Richard son of
Thomas de Knoll for Thornley and John
de Bailey for Aighton ; Duchy of Lane.
Assize R. 5, m. 10 d. In a survey made
in 1445-6 Chipping was stated to be held
of the king as of his duchy in socage for
100 solidates of land ; Duchy of Lane.
Knights' Fees, bdle. 2, no. 20.

8 Assize R. 408, m. 53. Earlier than
this may be a release by the widow of
William de Moton to Adam de Hoghton
of her right in the Wetridding, received
from John de Chipping for a third part
of the mill ; Add. MS. 32106, no. 1500.

In 1304 Siegrith or Siota widow of
Richard son of Margery de Chipping
claimed dower in lands held by Richard
de Hoghton, Agnes widow of Adam de
Hoghton, William de Southworth, Wil-
liam son of John son of Bimme de Whit-
tingham, Adam son of Isabel de Whit-
tingham and Alice his wife and others ;
also against Robert de Pleasington in
respect of a sixth part of the water-mill ;
De Banco R. 149, m. 523 ; 152, m. 38 d.
For his part Richard de Hoghton sum-
moned Roger son of Richard son of Mar-
gery to warrant him ; ibid. 153, m. 124.

8 Final Cone. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and
Ches.), ii, 14.

In 1312 Richard son of Adam de
Hoghton gave land in Chipping to his
daughter Margery wife of Thomas de
Hothersall ; Add. MS. 32107, no. 348.

Richard de Hoghton was in 1328 de-
scribed as chief lord when he appeared
among the defendants to a claim for a
messuage and lands put forward by Emma
daughter of William the Ward of Chip-
ping. Her brother Thomas had succeeded,
but had been divorced from his wife
Hawise for consanguinity ; hence his son
Richard was dispossessed. The other de-
fendants were William son of Richard de
Hoghton, William de Greenhulls (Hogh-
ton bailiff) and Richard son of John de
Greenhulls; Assize R. 1400, m. 234 d.

Richard de Hoghton in 1328 granted
his son William the homage of John son
of William de Dodhill ; Towneley MS.
OO, no. 1504.

10 Final Cone, iii, 3, of the year 1377 ;
it was settled on Henry, younger son of
Sir Adam.

11 Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Chet. Soc.), ii, 12 ;
the inquisition after the death of Sir
Henry. In later inquisitions in the same
volume no rent is mentioned nor is a
'manor' claimed ; ibid. 81, 127-9.

A messuage, 7 acres of land and 5 acres
of meadow in Chipping, given in 1407 by
Sir Richard Hoghton to his chantry at

Ribchester, were held of Sir Henry de
Conway by a rent of 6d. ; Inq. a.q.d.
file 438, no. 26.

In 1478 Agnes widow of Henry Hogh-
ton claimed dower in twenty-one mes-
suages, &c., in Chipping ; Pal. of Lane.
Writs Proton. 18 Edw. IV.

12 So in that of Alexander Hoghton,
1498, and later; Duchy of Lane. Inq.
p.m. iii, no. 66 ; xiv, no. 26, &c. The
manor of Chipping, with fifty messuages,
water-mill, dovecote, &c., was in 1602
settled on Sir Richard Hoghton and
Katherine his wife ; Pal. of Lane. Feet
of F. bdle. 64, no. 73. This manor was
included in a general settlement in 1616;
ibid. bdle. 89, no. 41.

I2a The bounds of the manor show that
it covered the whole township ; they went
up Chipping Brook, Peacock Brook, Carr
Hey Brook, east to Threapleigh, to Burn
slack, west to the edge of Bleasdale Hill,
Mereclough, Broadhead, down Bleasdale
Brook to the Loud, and back to the
starting-point. The pleadings are printed
by T. C. Smith, Chipping, 16-21.

18 Land in Chipping was held of Richard
Hoghton in 1622 and of Lord Strange in
1633; Towneley MS. C 8, 13 (Chet.
Lib.), 507. In 1626 a court was held by
Richard Hoghton as lord of the manor ;
T. C. Smith, Chipping, 22. It appears
that the manor was purchased out of the
portion of Charlotte de la Tremouille in
1629-30 ; Royalist Comp. Papers (Rec. Soc.
Lanes, and Ches.), ii, 226. It is not
named among the estates of Sir Richard
Hoghton, who died in 1631. In 1642 a
settlement of the manors of Goosnargh
and Chipping was made by William Earl
of Derby, James Lord Strange and Char-
lotte his wife ; Pal. of Lane. Feet of F.
bdle. 141, no. 31.

For other references see Lanes, and
Ches. Rec. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.),
ii, 244, 247.

14 It is stated to have been sold as
early as 1641 to James Walmesley and

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

The Knolls of Wolfhouse appear to have been a
branch of those of Thornley, and in the inquisition
of 1628 respecting the estate the manor of Chipping
and the capital messuage called < Wolf house in Shire-
burne,' with various other messuages, water-mill and
lands in Chipping, were stated to be held of the lord
of Thornley by the service of a greyhound, a ' coter,'
and 3/. rent. 15 One Adam son of Richard de Knoll
had half an oxgang of land in Chipping in 1280,
when it was claimed by Ralph de Catterall, 16 and
the surname appears frequently. 17 Wolfhouse de-

scended to John Knoll, 18 whose daughter Isabel
married Roger Shireburne, a younger son of Robert
Shireburne of Stonyhurst ; and in 1493 the estate
seems to have been secured by Roger. 19 Roger
Shireburne, who built the Wolfhouse chapel in
Chipping Church, 20 died in 1543, his son and heir
Robert being then fifty-three years old. 21 The family
remained Roman Catholics at the Reformation, 22 and
during the Civil War the estate was sequestered by
the Parliament. 23 Wolfhouse descended to Alexander
Shireburne, who in 1678 mortgaged or sold it to

others ; and in 1649 Elizabeth Walmesley,
widow, held a court baron ; T. C. Smith,
Chipping, 24, 23.

16 Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. xxv,
no. 51, after the death of Robert Shire-
burne, gent.

16 De Banco R. 32, m. 24 ; 36, m. 71.
By an inquiry in 1274 it was found that
one Roger Haslinghead, hanged for felony,
had held of Adam de Knoll a messuage
and half an oxgang of land in Chipping,
which had been in the king's hands for a
year and a day ; Lanes. Inq. and Extents,
i, 241. Seisin was accordingly restored
to Adam ; Cat. Close, 1272-9, p. 90.

Adam son of Richard de Knoll held a
tenement in 1292 which was unsuccess-
fully claimed by Bernard de Hacking ;
Assize R. 408, m. 42. Adam seems to
have been living in 1305 ; Assize R. 419,
m. 4 ; 420, m. 8. Alice widow of Adam
de Knoll claimed dower in a messuage,
&c., against Master Richard de Hoghton
and Agnes de Scophamin 1308 ; while in
1312 Richard son of Adam de Knoll
claimed land against Alice widow of
Adam ; De Banco R. 173, m. 185 ; 195,
m. 219 d.

It is said that Robert son of Richard de
Chipping made a grant of land to Richard
son of Lewis de Knoll, to whom Roger de
Whitaker made another gift ; also that
Henry de Thelwall gave land near the
Kirk brigg to Richard de Knoll ; T. C.
Smith, Chipping, 7, 8 (quoting the Derby
MSS.).

17 John de Knoll, Richard le Surreys
and others were in 1292 stated to have
thrown down a dyke to the injury of the
free tenement of William de Whitting-
ham, clerk ; Assize R. 408, m. 61 d.
John de Knoll, Adam his brother and
Richard son of John were in 1308-9
among the defendants to a claim for a
messuage, &c., made by John son of
Thomas son of Christiana de Chipping, in
virtue of a grant from his father, who was
still living ; Assize R. 423, m. I. This
John appears to be the ancestor of the
Knolls of Thornley, according to the
pedigree in Smith, Chipping, 33.

John son of Richard de Pleasington
appeared in 1355 by his custodee against
Richard son of Richard de Knoll, Ellis de
Whitlydale, and John son of Richard de
Knoll, who held a tenement in Chipping
claimed by him ; Duchy of Lane. Assize
R. 4, m. 6 d. It was alleged that Robert
de Pleasington, grandfather of plaintiff,
had given the tenement to his son Richard
in the time of Edward II ; for the de-
fence it was stated that part had belonged
to Alice wife of Robert and grandmother
of plaintiff, and that she had given them
to Richard son of Adam de Knoll and to
the said Richard son of Richard ; ibid.
5, m. 27. A grant by Robert de
Pleasington to Richard son of Adam de
Knoll in 1313 is in P.R.O. ; Anct. D.
A 7462. Richard de Knoll of Helme-

field was plaintiff in 1357; Duchy of
Lane. Assize R. 6, m. i.

18 The above-named Richard son of
Adam de Knoll or Knolls (Knowles) had
by his wife Cecily sons named Thomas
and Richard. From a pleading of 1329
it appears that one Richard son of
Christiana (perhaps the Christiana de
Chipping of the note preceding) granted
a messuage and land to Roger de Wed-
acre, free for ten years, but subject to a
rent afterwards. As Roger refused to
pay this rent, the property was demised to
Richard de Knoll and his sons, where-
upon Roger claimed ; Assize R. 427,
m. i.

From a confused statement drawn up
about 1550 (Add. MS. 32106, no. 1086)
it appears that Richard de Knolls, son of
William (sic) and father of Lawrence,
gave Lawrence a moiety of his lordship
of the town of Chipping in 1329, the
other moiety descending to Lawrence at
Richard's death in or before 1 348. In
the same year John de Knolls, also son of
Richard, made a feoffment of his lands,
water-mill, &c., and Emma his widow in
1373, holding in dower, also granted
to feoffees, who afterwards gave to Roger
de Knolls. A release was made to
Lawrence Knolls in 1446-7. 'John
Knowles was the son of Christopher
Knowles and father of Isabel Knowles ;
which Isabel married Roger Shireburne,
and they had issue Robert Shireburne,
which Robert had issue Roger, now
defendant.'

Lawrence son of Richard de Knoll
appears in 1344-7 ; Assize R. 1435, m. 9,
15, 37. Lawrence in 1348 proved his
right to a messuage, <fcc., in Chipping held
by Ralph de Knoll and by Thomas son of
John de Knoll and Richard and John sons
of Thomas ; Assize R. 1444, m. 8.

One Adam de Knoll was in 1360
charged with an assault on Thomas son
of Roger de Knoll at Thornley ; Assize
R. 451, m. 21.

A John son of Richard de Knoll ap-
pears to have forfeited his lands for felony,
as they remained in the king's hands from
1382 to 1409 (Lanes. Inq. p.m. Chet.
Soc. i, 72) ; but Thomas son of Roger
de Knoll alleged that he had purchased
some or all of the lands in Chippingdale
after the king's pardon had been obtained ;
Dep. Keeper's Rep. xxxii, App. 3555 xl,
525.

From inquiry made in 1425 it appears
that certain lands of Thomas son of
Roger son of Lawrence de Knoll had
been given to his wife Katherine, who
afterwards married Geoffrey de Warburton
of Newcroft in Flixton, the reversion
being to Lawrence son of Thomas ; Lanes.
Inq. p.m. (Chet. Soc.), ii, 9-11 ; i, 73.

Richard and Edmund sons of Lawrence
Knoll are mentioned in 1448 ; Pal. of
Lane. Plea R. n, m. 31. Margaret
widow of Richard Knoll claimed dower

in 1473 > P a l- f Lane. Writs Proton.
13 Edw. IV.

19 Final Cone, iii, 143.

20 T. C. Smith, Chipping, 73 (from
Derby MSS.).

al Ibid. 227, from the Inq. p.m. among
the Derby MSS. His estate included
closes called the Knott, Whitacre and
Birchenlee. The mill and lands in Chip-
ping were held of the Earl of Derby (as
of his manor of Thornley) in socaje.
Roger the son and heir of Robert seems
to have been married as early as 1523 to
Margaret daughter of John Bradley.

Sir Richard Shireburne of Stonyhurst
and Roger Shireburne of ' Millhouse ' in
1554 agreed that the latter should not
alienate his estate, and that in default of
male issue by Grace, then Roger's wife, it
should go successively to Hugh and
Henry, Roger's brothers ; Add. MS.
32106, no. 1085. In 1569 there appears
to have been an exchange of lands, &c.,
in Chipping between Roger Shireburne
and Thomas Hoghton ; Pal. of Lane.
Feet of F. bdle. 31, m. 171, 184.

From the pedigree printed in Dugdale's
Visit. (Chet. Soc.), 265, it appears that
the succession was as follows : Roger
-s. Robert -s. Roger -s. Robert. The
last-named died in 1627 holding the
' manor ' as stated in the text, and leaving
as heir his brother Henry, aged twenty-
two ; Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. xxv, no.
51. An agreement between Henry and
Isabel, Robert's widow, was made about
the same time ; Add. MS. 32106, no.
1095. From the same pedigree it appears
that another brother John succeeded and
sold Wolfhouse to his uncle, John Shire-
burne, who had a son Robert and grand-
son Edward, who seems to have died
young.

From a fine of 1638, however, it seems
that the younger John Shireburne trans-
ferred his manor of Chipping, with water-
mill, dovecote, various messuages and
lands, to Richard. Shireburne of Stony-
hurst, perhaps as trustee ; Pal. of Lane.
Feet of F. bdle. 133, no. 27.

Robert Shireburne (father of Edward)
was succeeded by his brother Alexander,
the vendor. Various details of the
descent will be found in Smith, op. cit.
and Sherborn, Fam. of She r born, 59-66.

For the Shireburnes of Knott, a branch
of the Wolfhouse family, see ibid. 114-16.

22 In 1607 the two-thirds part of Roger
Shireburne's estate sequestered for recu-
sancy was granted out by the Crown ; Pat.
5 Jas. I, pt. i.

28 In the composition papers it is stated
that the above-named Isabel widow of
Robert afterwards married Thomas Helme
of Goosnargh, and that Robert's lands
were sold to a William Parker. Parker's
estate was sequestered for ' delinquency,'
and the widow was allowed the ,15 a
year she claimed in 1651 ; Cal, Com. for
Comp. iv, 2782.

BLACKBURN HUNDRED

Christopher Wilkinson 24 ; six years later it was sold
to William Patten and Thomas Naylor 25 : these
were probably trustees of Thomas Patten of Preston,
from whom this manor of Chipping has descended
through the Stanleys of Bickerstaffe to the Earl of
Derby. 26 No courts are held.

The estate of the Hospitallers in Chippingdale goes
back to early times, and is named in 1 29 2. 27 After the
Suppression the manors of Haworth and Chipping were
sold by the Crown to George Whitmore of London, 28

CHIPPING

who transferred them to Richard Shireburne of Stony-
hurst 29 ; this is perhaps the origin of the manor
claimed by the family. A court was held by Richard
Shireburne in i69O, 30 and as late as 1825 the manor
of Chipping was said to be held by Thomas Weld. 31
Sawley Abbey had land in Chipping. 32
Of the minor families but little can be stated.
The earlier surnames include Chipping and Chip-
pindale, 33 Greenhills 34 some of whose estate seems
to have passed to Wawne 35 and other parts to

About the same time John Shireburne
claimed allowance of his title to the
manor of Chipping, of which Parker was
in possession by conveyance from the said
John in 1641. Parker had granted him
a rent-charge of 10 a year for life and
covenanted to provide him in meat, drink,
apparel and lodging and keeping for a
horse. Robert Shireburne, the son of
John, in 1653 begged allowance of his
title to Chipping Manor, Wolfhall, the
Knotts, &c., conveyed to him by his
father, William Parker having unjustly
intruded thereon. This claim was ad-
mitted and the sequestration discharged
as from 24 Dec. 1649 ; ibid, iii, 2300.

John Shireburne of Staffordshire, pro-
bably the John who sold to his uncle of
the same name, complained that his
estate had been sequestered as to two-
thirds on the supposition that he was a
recusant ; but he ' has been and is con-
formable and was never convicted ' ; ibid.
2301.

The will of Robert (son of John)
Shireburne, dated 1668, bequeathing the
manor of Chipping, Wolfhall, &c., to his
brother Alexander is printed in Smith,
Chipping, 229.

84 Pal. of Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 201,
m. in. The estate is described as the
manor of Chipping, with twenty messu-
ages, &c., and a water-mill in Chipping
and Thornley. Alexander Shireburne was
joined with his wife Frances in the fine.

28 Ibid. bdle. 212, m. 109. The de-
forciants were Christopher Wilkinson,
Ellen his wife, John Shireburne, William
Banks and Anne his wife. William
Patten and Thomas Naylor appear as
trustees for Thomas Patten in a later fine;
ibid. bdle. 213, m. 8.

The date of purchase by Thomas Patten
is given as 6 Feb. 1679-80 in Smith,
Chipping, 226.

Some particulars of the later years of
Alexander Shireburne will be found in the
work above cited Fan, ofSherborn, 65-7.
He was a recusant in 1680 ; Smith, op.
cit. 30.

36 See the account of Thornley.

87 Plac. de Quo Warr. (Rec. Com.), 375.
About 1535 the knights' bailiff of Chip-
ping had a fee of 331. -jd. ; Valor Eccl.
(Rec. Com.), v, 69. In a rental of 1609
it is recorded that the Hospitallers had
held Highfield, &c., of the king as of his
manor of Chipping by a rent of it.;
Kuerden MSS. ii, fol. 132*.

William Hall, hanged in 1506, had
held lands in Chipping and Button of the
Prior of St. John by a rent of 7*. 6d. ;
Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. iii, no. 19.

28 Pat. 9 Jas. I, pt. xxvii. The manor
was parcel of the preceptory of Newland
in Yorkshire.

89 Kuerden MSS. ii, fol. 132. There
were free rents in many townships, lands
in Claughton and perquisites of courts.

Sir Richard Shireburne of Stonyhurst,
who died in 1594, had held lands in

Chipping, but the tenure was not known ;
Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. xvi, no. 3.
After the above-named purchase Richard
Shireburne (1628) was seised of the
manors of Haworth and Chipping, but the
tenure is not stated ; ibid, xxvi, no. 4.

30 T. C. Smith, Chipping, 23.

31 Baines, Lanes. Dir, ii, 633. A
similar statement is made in his later
Hist, of Lanes, (ed. 1836, iii, 362), with
the addition that the Earl of Derby had
recently purchased the manor.

33 Roger de Lacy gave to John de
Dinckley (Dunkekanlega) an oxgang of
land in the vill of Chipping formerly held
by Alexander de Chipping, a rent of izd.
being payable ; Harl. MS. 2077, fol. 324.

John son of Uctred de Dinckley gave
St. Mary of Sawley Haselhurstridding, and,
desiring that it should be held free from
all secular service, charged his oxgang in
Chipping with any such service due from
his gift. Confirmations were granted by
Robert, Gilbert and Alice, the children
of John de Dinckley. Geoffrey son of
Richard le Waleys by the above-named
Alice, who had been tenant of Hasel-
hurstridding, gave part of Coueracres to
the monks, the bounds naming Evisbrook,
Mersyke, Brundeparloc (? Parlick Brow)
and Covihill. These charters, from Harl.
MS. 112, fol. 72^, are printed in Whit-
aker, Whallcy, ii, 483-4.

The Sawley land, called Helhurst in
Chipping, was granted by the Crown to
Sir Arthur Darcy in May 1 538 ; L. and P.
Hen. VIII, xiii (i), g. 1115 (13).

33 Several references to them will be
found in preceding notes.

John de Chipping gave land to William
son of Adam de Aula ; T. C. Smith,
Chipping, 7. In 1280 Cecily widow of
William de la Sale claimed dower against
John de Chipping and others ; De Banco
R. 36, m. 45 d. Siegrith daughter of
Adam de Chippindale was in 1292 non-
suited in her claim for a tenement in the
place held by Thomas de Chippindale and
John Bimmeson of Whittingham ; Assize
R. 408, m. 76. At the same time Alice
widow of Roger son of William de Chip-
ping claimed as dower the third part of
three messuages, 24 acres of land and
8 acres' of meadow held by Robert the son
of Roger ; ibid. m. 64 d.

Emma daughter of Richard son of
Margery de Chipping in 1304 recovered
an oxgang of land, &c., against Roger the
son and heir of Richard and William his
brother, she alleging a grant from their
father ; ibid. 419, m. 2.

John son of John del Hall of Chipping
in 1322 held 10 acres in Chipping by
the fortieth part of a knight's fee ; Lanes.
Inq. and Extents, ii, 134.

In 1336 William son of John de
Chippindale claimed various plats of
land against John de Dudhill, Adam son
of Thomas de Hothersall and Roger le
Sotheryn (Surreys) ; De Banco R. 306,
m. 177.

John son of Adam son of Robert de
Chipping and Cecily widow of Henry the
Wright in 1358 obtained a writ concern-
ing messuages and land in Chipping ;
Dtp. Keeper's Rep, xxxii, App. 337.

Margaret widow of Lawrence del Hall
of Chippingdale in 1402 released her right
in land in Anstehalgh in Ribchester ;
Aid. MS. 32106, no. 353.

In 1506 William Hall held a messuage
and land in Chipping of the king as of
his castle of Clitheroe by a rent of i$d. ;
being convicted of felony in Middlesex
he was imprisoned at Newgate and after-
wards hanged ; Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m.
iii, no. 19. William son and heir of
Robert Hall enfeoffed his uncle Roger
Hall of Gainsborough of all his lands in
Dutton, Chipping and Chippingdale ;
Add. MS. 32106, no. 181. Roger Hall
was the king's bailiff of Gringley, Notts.

34 Adam son of Richard de Greenhills
granted to Sir Adam dc Hoghton all his
land in Robert's-croft on the eastern side
of Cresswell Syke, just as he had received
it by gift of Adam son of Thurstan ;
Dods. MSS. cxlii, fol. 54.

36 John son of John de Greenhill in
1310 gave to Henry de Dinckley and
Maud his wife land in Chipping, the
bounds of which began on the eastern
side of Mabholm, went down to the
Loud, ascended this stream to Barton
Hey, thence north to the Foul outlane as
far as Diksnape Syke, and southward to
the starting-point ; Ct. of Wards, box
13 A, no. FD 27. The same Henry and
Maud in 1358 obtained land between
Whitacres and Countes Hey and between
the Black Moss and Loud ; ibid. no.
FD 45 ; box 138. These and other
lands in Chipping, Wheatley, Wilpshire
and Dinckley seem to have come to
Richard Hirde and Margaret his wife by
1418-21 ; ibid, box 13 A, no. FD 24, 16,
37, 15, i ; box 136.

In 1455 they were transferred to
William son and heir-apparent of John
Wawne (' Wawan ') of Chippingdale, John
having been son and heir of Margaret
Hirde ; ibid, box 138; 13 A, no. FD 18,
28. William Wawne, Elizabeth his wife
and Thomas his son and heir occur in
1469 ; ibid. FD 1 1.

WilliamWawne son and heir of Thomas
in 1520 gave to feoffees his close or pas-
ture land called Marebonne, occupied y
Edward Helme, for the use of Grace,
grantor's wife, in accordance with an
agreement between his mother Anne and
one Nicholas Walmesley ; ibid. FD 30.
William Wawne, described as ' of Wheat-
ley,' in 1566 made a feoffment of lands
in Wheatley, Chipping and Ashley (in
Whittingham) for the use of his son and
heir Nicholas; ibid. FD 13. In the
following year Nicholas married Ellen
daughter of Edward Sharpies of Osbaldes-
ton ; ibid, box 138.

Edmund Wawne son of Nicholas died
in or before 1592 holding a meisuage in

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

Brown 38 Ravenshaw, 37 Surreys 38 and Startevant
or Sturtevant, 39 with others denoting landowners in
adjacent townships. 40 Some deeds of the Halton
family have been preserved by Kuerden. 41

HESKETH END was long the estate of the Alston
family, traceable to the time of Edward I. 42 The
house known by this name is a two-story stone
building, about l miles south-west of Chipping,
the front facing south, with a projecting gabled
wing at the west end. The principal part now
remaining appears to have been built at the end
of the 1 6th century by the Alstons, but the building
was probably originally of greater extent. Some of
the inscribed stones in the east part have apparently
been inserted in a rather haphazard fashion and
suggest the later rebuilding. At the west side is a
large projecting stone chimney, but the exterior of
the house, which has a stone slated roof repaired with
modern blue slates at the back, is chiefly remarkable
for the lengthy and unique inscriptions which run
across the front and on the inner return of the west
wing. These, together with the whole of the front
of the house, were for a long time very much ob-
scured by repeated coatings of whitewash, but ir.
1907 the building was thoroughly restored, the
whitewash carefully removed and much of the stone

work re-chiselled. The main front wall was largely
rebuilt, but the smaller inscribed stones after being
carefully cleaned were put back in the positions they
formerly occupied. The interior is almost wholly
modernized, but there is an inscribed stone in the
chief bedroom and another in the dairy. It is now
a farm-house.

The west wing, which is 17 ft. across, has a
mullioned window of seven lights with hood mould
over on each floor and a two-light window in the
gable, over which is a stone carved with the sacred
monogram. The inscription runs across the front
wall above the ground-floor window in double lines,
and is carved on six separate stones, the wording on
each stone being complete in itself, as follows, except
perhaps in the last two stones :

CESAR CONQVERT AN
GLIA ANTE CHRIST 58

BRVTVS ERECTVS LON
DINV ANTE CHRIST IIO8

SAXONII CONQVERT ANGLIA
ANNO DON 447 EPISCOPAT IB

DANII CONQVERT A
NGLIA ANNO DOI IOl8

ANGLIA IN CO ACER FLODDAN AN 1513

14 SIVE SHIRI ANGL RECEP. FIDM AD 179

This is continued on four stones along the return
of the west wing facing east as follows, the end of

Chipping of Robert Shireburne by a rent
of 6d. t and 4 acres improved from the
waste, held of the queen by the hundredth
part of a knight's fee ; also lands in
Wheatley and Ashley ; Duchy of Lane.
Inq. p.m. xv, no. 13. His mother Ellen
is named, and his heir was his younger
brother Thomas, thirteen years of
age.

86 In 1426 a messuage and lands with
common of turbary were settled on John
Brown and Alice his wife, with remainders
to their children Thomas, Richard, Joan
and Agnes, and in default to the right
heirs of Christiana de Greenhills, mother
of Alice ; Final Cone, iii, 91. This Alice
was perhaps the mother of John Formby
named in the account of Studley in
Thornley.

Evan Brown died in 1545 holding a
messuage in Chipping, and his brother
George in 1567 holding of Thomas
Hoghton by id. rent ; Duchy of Lane.
Inq. p.m. vii, no. 24 ; xi, no. 4. James
Brown in 1586 held similarly ; ibid, xiv,
no. 42.

87 Stepheji de Ravenshaw contributed
to a subsidy in 1332 ; Exch. Lay Subs.
(Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.), 80. William
son of Stephen de Ravenshaw in 1342
acquired land and wood in Chipping from
William de Ravenshaw the younger and
Alice, his wife; Final Cone, ii, 115.
William was afterwards outlawed for
felony, but in 1360 his lands were released
to the superior lord, Sir Adam de Hoghton;
D(p. Keeper's Rep, xxxii, App. 341.

88 The name either as Surreys or
Sothron occurs frequently in the neigh-
bourhood.

Alice widow of Hugh le Surreys re-
leased to Roger son of Bimme her dower
right in Boothhurst in Chipping, which
Hugh had granted to Roger ; Dods. MSS.
cxlii, fol. 5 6 b. The same Roger, it may
be added, had a grant of Coppedhurst
from Emmota de Meluir ; Add. MS.
32106, no. 1495.

Thomas (son of Hugh) le Surreys in
1288 claimed land in Chipping against
Roger gon of William de Chipping and

John son of Roger ; De Banco R. 72,
m. 40 ; 89, m. 19. Richard le Surreys
was defendant in 1292 and plaintiff in
1301 ; Assize R. 408, m. 64 d. ; 419,
m. 13.

89 Robert Startevant of Chipping in
1304-5 claimed various lands in the
township as son of Robert son of Bimme
the White, averring that his father had
died during a pilgrimage to the Holy
Land ; Assize R. 419, m. 4 ; 420, m. 9,
10. Among the defendants were Master
Richard de Hoghton, Agnes widow of
Adam de Hoghton, William and Thomas
de Helme, Roger son of Richard son of
Margery de Chipping, William son of
John son of Bimme de Whittingham,
John de Greenhill and Richard son of
'John Othegrenehulles.'

With regard to the surname White it
may be added that Robert son of Robert
le Blund in 1246 claimed 6 acres in
Chipping against John son of William ;
ibid. 404, m. 3.

40 Richard de Catterall in 1244 held
lands of the heir of the Earl of Lincoln ;
Lanes. Inq. and Extents, i, 1 60.

The Bartons of Barton long held a close
called Barton Hey of the Hoghtons, with-
out any known service ; see, for example,
Lancs.Inq.p.m. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.),
i, 8. They occur as early as 1298, in which
year John de Barton called upon Master
Richard de Hoghton (as mesne lord) to
acquit him of service demanded by Henry
de Lacy Earl of Lincoln ; De Banco R. 1 22,
m. 62 d.

Lawrence Starkie died in 1532 holding
land of the king by knight's service ;
Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. ix, no. 21.
Disputes between the heirs occurred in
1540 ; Ducatus Lane, i, 165. The Chip-
pingdale estate seems to have been sold by
one of the co-heirs Etheldreda wife of
Humphrey Newton to Sir Richard
Shireburne in 1565 ; Pal. of Lane. Feet
of F. bdle. 27, m. 112.

The tenure of the Chippingdale lands of
George Kirkby of Up Rawcliffe is not re-
corded ; they appear to have been sold by
his brother William to Gabriel Hesketh

in 1563 ; Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. xi,
no. 8 ; PaL of Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 25,
m. 197. This was perhaps the estate
afterwards held by the Heskeths of Poul-
ton of Shireburne of Wolfhouse by a
rent of zs. ; Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Rec. Soc.
Lanes, and Ches.), iii, 364-6.

Jane Beesley, widow, in 1585 held the
moiety of a messuage called Peacock Hey,
&c., but the tenure is not stated ; Duchy
of Lane. Inq. p.m. xvi, no. 24. Francis
Beesley in 1609 held his lands, &c., in
Chipping of Richard Hoghton ; Lanes. Inq.
p.m. (Rec. Soc.), i, 138-9.

The tenure of Richard Walton's mes-
suage (1594) is not recorded ; Duchy of
Lane. Inq. p.m. xvi, no. 42 ; xvii, no. 48.
That of Joshua Galland (1638) was of the
king by knight's service ; ibid, xxx, no. 17.

John Bairstowe of Brownhurst had
lands in Chipping, 1623-4; Chan. laq.
p.m. ii, Misc. 515-78.

41 Kuerden MSS. iii, H 3. The earliest
deed is a grant by Richard son of John de
Knoll to Adam son of William de Halton
of a messuage in Chipping in 1332. John
Halton appears from 14512 to 1479 and
Miles his son and heir (who calls James
Helme 'my uncle') in 1466 and 1477,
in which latter year John, his son and
heir, was espoused to Margaret daughter
of Robert Mason. Miles again occurs in
1481 and 1497-8 ; and James the brother
and heir of John Halton, deceased in
1505-6, was bound to Margaret, the
widow of John, who had married Nicholas
Cotton.

42 The place may have taken a name
from the Heskeths recorded in the last
note but one.

In 1291 Geoffrey son and heir of
Benedict de Chipping claimed land against
Christiana daughter of William the Wain-
wright and John son of William de Alston
of Helme ; it was alleged that Robert son
of Benedict de Chipping had demised the
land to William de Alston; De Banco R. 87,
m. 3 7. There is little record of the family.
William and Robert Alston, yeomen, occur
in 1447 ; Pal. of Lane. Plea R. 10,
m. 42.

BLACKBURN HUNDRED

the last stone facing the front being carved with the
sacred monogram :

ANNO DOMI 1591 ELIS REGI ROB ART ALSTVN 2$
REG NO ANNI ETATIS NOSTRE RIC ALSTVN 1VNIOR 5

A CREACIONE MVNDI 5553 A CONQVES
TO ANGLIE 524 DEVM TIME REGEM HONOR

Over the door on the return of the west wing
facing east is a stone inscribed

RESPICE FIN EM ET NVNQV
AM PECCABIS PROXIMVM AMA

and to the left of this over a small built-up
window another stone with the name of ' Richarde
Alstun 53.' On the main south front are other
inscribed stones, one with the sacred monogram
between two crosses, another with the fragment
RIC AVLSTV, and a third ALSTVN HATH INHERITED

HERE IB 1 8 YER.

In the bedroom in the east wing an inscribed
stone reads :

DEVM TIME

REGEM HONOR

PROXIMVM AMA

HOC FAC ET VIVE

IN ETERNVM

and a stone in the dairy has * Fear God and love the
right.'

The west wall retains its old rough stone walling
unrestored and has a small square built-up window
with the sacred monogram between two crosses on the
head. Another window has also some ornament in

CHIPPING

the head, and the chimney, which is a good one of
two shafts, has two gargoyles in the angles.

Richard Alston of Chipping died in 1607 holding
a messuage and lands there of the king in socage.
Richard his son and heir was forty years of age. 43

HELME, now Elmridge, gave a surname to a family
which spread into neighbouring townships. 44 William
Helme died in 1597 holding a messuage, &c., of
Richard Hoghton by a rent of \d. and leaving a
son Richard, aged twenty-two. 45 Richard died in
1638 holding of Lord Strange; his son and heir
William was thirty years of age. 46 Leonard Helme
died in 1601, but the tenure of his Chipping
property is not recorded. 47 Another William Helme
died in 1612, leaving a son James, thirty-nine years
old ; he also held of Richard Hoghton as of his
manor of Chipping. 48 James died in 1622, leaving
a son William, aged twenty in 1633, by which time
Lord Strange had succeeded Hoghton. 49

CORE was divided. At one time it seems to
have been held by an illegitimate branch of the
Knolls. 50 In later times the most important family
was that of Parkinson. 51 From them sprang Richard
Parkinson, Canon of Manchester and Principal of
St. Bees College, who was born at Woodgates in

I797- 52

One of the most notable estates, on account of the
tenure, was that of the Leylands of Morleys in
Astley, 53 who held ' of the heirs of William son of
William son of Maurice ' by a rent of i Sd'. 533

The following were freeholders in 1600 : Richard
Austen (Alston), Richard Bolton, Henry Mawdesley
and Thomas Thornley. 54 The Subsidy Rolls afford
further information ; thus in 1524 Roger Shireburne

48 Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Rec. Soc.), i, 108-9.

Captain Robert Alston, apparently a
Parliamentarian, occurs in 1650; Royalist
Camp. Papers (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.),
ii, 264.

' The Alstons remained owners until
1702, when it passed to the Eccles family;
in 1819 Richard Eccles of Wigan sold it
to Thomas Cardwell, whose descendants
now (1893) possess it'; T. C. Smith,
Chipping, 234, where many particulars as
to the Alston family are given.

44 Ralph de Helme occurs in 1332;
Exch. Lay Subs. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and
Ches.), 80.

Lawrence de Helme and Isabel his wife
in 1377 obtained from William del Wood
and Margery his wife a messuage and lands
in Chipping ; Final Cone, iii, 2.

A settlement of two messuages, cottages,
land and wood in Chipping and Helme
was made in 1553 ; the remainders were
to Joan then wife of William Lorimer and
then after her death to Lawrence Helme
and his issue by Joan then his wife ; Pal.
of Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 14, m. 36.

For a dispute between Alice Helme,
widow (and others), and Thomas Helrne
see Ducatus Lane, ii, 227.

45 Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and
Ches.), i, 150.

With regard to the rent of $.d. it may
be noted that one Geoffrey de Whitting-
ham in 1297 held a plat of the waste in
Chippingdale for which he received that
sum ; Lanes. Inq. and Extents, i, 283.

44 Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. xxx, no. 76.

47 Ibid, xviii, no. 20.

48 Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Rec. Soc.), i, 213.
He had other lands in Thornley, Wheatley
and Lea.

49 Towneley MS. C 8, 13 (Chet. Lib.),
507.

50 John Mauldeson of ' Coure,' a minor,
in 1358 claimed a messuage and land
against Richard and Adam, sons of Thomas
de Knoll, as being son and heir of John
son of Richard de Knoll. It was alleged
that his father (John son of Richard) was
born before espousals ; Duchy of Lane.
Assize R. 6, m. i.

In 1360 John son of Maud de Coure
had livery of a messuage and lands seised
into the duke's hands by reason of the
felony of John (son of Richard) de Knoll ;
Dtp. Keeper's Rep. xxxii, App. 347.

Richard Cover alias Coer, yeoman, is
named in 1448 ; Pal. of Lane. Plea R. 1 1,
m. 42. sl T. C. Smith, Chipping, 247.

A dispute as to lands in Chipping be-
tween Whitaker and Parkinson is referred
to in Lanes, and Ches. Rec. (Rec. Soc.
Lanes, and Ches.), ii, 246.

In 1653 Ralph and Richard Parkinson
of Chipping petitioned to compound for
land sequestered by the Parliament for
the delinquency of their eldest brother
Thomas Parkinson of Infield in Claughton;
Cal. Com. for Comp. iv, 3106.

52 See the account of Manchester Church
and the 1880 edition of his Old Church
Clock. He died in 1858.

53 An estate in Chipping, Thornley,
&c., was given to feoffees by William
Leyland and Anne his wife in 1 509 ; Pal.
of Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 1 1, m. 249, 248.
Part of the estate was held for life by
Eleanor Holland, widow, and part by
Robert Thimelby and Margery his wife.

Sir William Leyland died in 1 547, but
the tenure of his Chipping lands is not
recorded ; in the case of Thomas Leyland,

his son, it is given as in the text and like-
wise after the death of Edward Tyldesley ;
Duchy of Lane. 7nq. p.m. xi, no. 20 ;
xiv, no. 10. In 1621, however, the tenure
was described as of Sir Richard Hoghton
as of his manor of Chipping in socage ;
Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Rec. Soc.), ii, 269. In
1606-7 a g ran t of lands in Chipping,
Wheatley and Thornley was made to
Edward Tyldesley of Astley ; Pat. 4
Jas. I, pt. xxx.

It should be added that according to an
old pedigree (Harl. MS. 1408, fol. 159)
William Leyland married Anne daughter
and heir of Alan Singleton, who was the
descendant of the heiress of Adam de
Bury, whose estate in the parish is noticed
under Thornley. The wardship and mar-
riage of Anne daughter and heir of Alan
'Singleton were in 1503 granted to James
Medcalfe ; Dep. Keeper's Rep. xl, App.

543-

5Sa Nothing is known of the origin of the
tenure. William son of Maurice occurs
in the Pipe Roll of 1 2 1 31 5, when he owed
401. out of 60*. due apparently for some
encroachment on the forest or other offence
against the forest laws ; Farrer, Lanes.
Pipe R. 251. He also attested a charter
by Roger de Whitacre, who gave lands in
Chipping to Reginald ; Dods. MSS. xci,
fol. 1 6 1. The bounds in this case are of
interest : Along the lache which falls into
Summerford as far as the moor and then
on the west side to the road to the mill
between Chipping and Wheatley, down
the road to the Loud, and along this river
to Summerford.

54 Misc. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.), i,
235-6. Some references to the Mawdesley
family will be found in Ducatus Lane.

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

was the principal landowner contributing to the
subsidy, Robert Alston and Richard Thornley being
the others. 85 Thomas Sturtivant, Thomas Bolton,
Robert Alston, Thomas Thornley, Thomas Rodes
and Christopher Mawdesley contributed for their
lands in I543- 56 Robert Shireburne, Thomas
Thornley, Henry Mawdesley, Richard Alston, Roger
Sturtivant and Richard Bolton were the landowners
in 1 597." Those in 1626 were : Henry Shireburne,
Richard Thornley, Richard Parkinson, the heirs of
Robert Alston, Thomas Boulton and John Sturtivant ;
James Beesley and a large number of others paid
-specially as non-communicants. 58 Several 'Papists'
registered estates in lyiy. 69 The land tax return of
1789 shows that the Earl of Derby, Sir H. Main-
waring, and Blundell were the chief landowners.

An inclosure award was made in l8l2. 60

The parish church has been described above.

The Wesleyans made attempts to found a congre-
gation, but abandoned them about i85o. 61

The Nonconformists after the Restoration had a
meeting-place 62 and in 1705 the chapel in Hesketh
Lane was built. 63 It is associated with the name of
Peter Walkden, minister from 1711 to 1738, whose
Diary was published in i866. 64 It was closed in
1880 and then sold. The Congregationalists had
another chapel from 1838 to i882. 68

In 1604 it was reported to the Bishop of Chester
that an ' old priest ' was harboured in Chipping ; and
' James Bradley, recusant, [was] reported to be a leader
of priests to men's houses.' 66 John Bradley, Grace
Fairclough and Richard Singleton, as recusants, com-
pounded for their sequestrations in 1630 onwards by
payment of z each. 67 Little, however, is known
of the story of the proscribed religion there, and
the Roman Catholic church of St. Mary, opened in
1828, seems to be the offspring of the mission long
before worked from the adjacent Leagram Hall. It
was served by the Jesuits until 1857 and since then
by secular priests. 68

THORNLEY WITH WHEATLEY

Thorenteleg, 1202 ; Thorndeley, 1258 ; Thorne-
delegh, 1262. The d in the middle occurs to 1350
and later.

Watelei, Dom. Bk. ; Whetelegh, 1227 ; Queteley,
1258 ; Wetteleye, 1302.

This township stretches from south-west to north-
east for over 4 miles along the northern slope of
Longridge Fell, the highest point within the town-
ship being about 1,100 ft. The Loud forms the
north-west boundary ; it falls into the Hodder just
outside the limits. Wheatley, which anciently was
the principal member of the township, is now con-
sidered to be no more than a small area of 55^ acres,
somewhat south of the centre. The whole town-
ship measures 3,220^ acres, 1 and in 1901 had a
population of 313.

The principal road is that from Longridge eastward
through the length of the township, which it enters
about half a mile north of Longridge railway station.
Passing Cockleach it descends till it comes to the
Loud, and then for a mile and a half runs near this
stream, passing between Wheatley on the south and
Lee House on the north. At Higher Arbour it
divides, part going north-west, crossing the Loud 2 into
Chipping, and part ascending eastward past Thornley
Hall and Bradley Hall, the latter being near the
boundary of Chaigley. From Thornley Hall a branch
goes north to cross the Hodder.

A Roman road is said to have crossed the township
into Yorkshire, passing near Bradley Hall.

The township is governed by a parish council.

Included in the grant of Chipping-
M4NORS dale in 1102 THORN LET descended
like Clitheroe. 3 From later records it
seems that the Osbaldeston family were lords of the
place. 4 The immediate lordship was held by a
family using the local name, 5 who were about the
beginning of the I4th century succeeded by the

45 Subs. R. Lanes, bdle. 130, no. 82.

56 Ibid. no. 125.

sr Ibid. bdle. 131, no. 274.

58 Ibid. no. 317.

49 James Richmond, Thomas Wilcock,

John Bolton, James Lowde, John Dew-
urst, Bartholomew Dilworth, Thomas
Dobson and James Parker ; Estcourt and
Payne, Engl. Cath. Non-jurors, 103, 127.

60 Lanes, and Ches. Rec. (Rec. Soc.
Lanes, and Ches.), i, 56.

61 T. C. Smith, Chipping, 1 80.

63 During the indulgence granted by
James II a meeting was set up at Chip-
ping ; O. Heywood, Diaries, iii, 228.
Among the Presbyterian parsons and
their meeting-places' registered in 1689
was Thomas Whalley for Christopher Par-
kinson's house in Chipping ; Hist. MSS.
Com. Rep. xiv, App. iv, 231. This minister
went to Hindley ; O. Heywood, op. cit. iv,
309. Christopher Parkinson was probably
the benefactor of the school.

68 T. C. Smith, Chipping, 165-80 ;
Nightingale, Lanes. Nonconf. ii, 210-17 (a
view is given). James Bolton left 4.0
for a meeting-house, ' but when the door
of liberty is shut ' to poor widows and
orphans 5 Gastrell, Notitia (Chet. Soc.),
43-

64 Peter Walkden was born near Man-
chester in 1684 and educated at the school
there. After leaving Hesketh Lane he
went to Holcombe and then to Stockport,

where he died in 1769. An account of
him, with extracts from his diaries and
papers, may be seen in Trans. Hist. Soc.
xxxii, 118 ; xxxvi, 15.

66 Nightingale, op. cit. ii, 220-3.

66 Visit. P. at Chester Dioc. Reg.

67 Trans. Hist. Soc. (new ser.), xxiv,
174, 178. The list of recusants in
1667-8 is printed by T. C. Smith, op. cit.
29. See also Misc. (Cath. Rec. Soc.),
v, 147-9-

68 Foley, Rec. S. J. v, 339 ; Smith, op.
cit. 158-60.

1 3,219 acres, including 3 of inland
water; Census Rep. 1901.

2 In 1635 there is mention of a new
stone bridge built at a place called Loud
Bridge, where was formerly a bridge of
Wood, the highway being a frequented
one ; Cat. S. P. Dom. 1625-49, p. 510 5
1636-7, p. 333.

8 See the account of Chipping. In
1258 rents of 6s. $d. from Wheatley and
2s. 6J. from Thornley were due to Ed-
mund de Lacy ; Lanes. Inq. and Extents
(Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.), i, 217.
The rent of js. due from 'Utteley' in
1241-2 probably relates to Wheatley;
ibid, i, 156.

4 There does not seem to be any evi-
dence of the manner in which this family
acquired the mesne lordship. In 1349 it
was found that the heir of Thomas de
Osbaldeston held in service one plough-

land in Wheatley and Thornley, where
eight plough-lands made one knight's fee ;
Baines, Lanes, (ed. 1870), ii, 693, quoting
the Lansdowne Feodary.

In 1445-6 Richard Balderston held
Thornley with Wheatley as well as Os-
baldeston ; Duchy of Lane. Kts.' Fees,"
bdle. 2, no. 20.

5 The assignment of dower to Iseult
widow of Robert by Richard son of Robert
in 1 202 gives the names of several under-
tenants, including Jordan (probably of
Wheatley) and Roger de Bradley. The
mill is named ; also clearings called
Braderode and Flaxerode ; Final Cone.
(Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.), i, 10.

Ralph son of Adam de Thornley occurs
in 1262 ; ibid. 137. He was living in
1292, being then engaged in several suits.
As chief lord of Thornley common of
pasture was claimed against him by John
son and heir of John de Knoll in respect
of 40 acres of wood, it being alleged that
Ralph had disseised plaintiff's father ;
Assize R. 408, m. 33d. Ralph on his
part alleged that he had a right to grind
his demesne corn at John de Knoll's mill
in Thornley quit of multure ; ibid. m. 53.
At the same time Richard son of William
de Thornley was non-suited in a claim
against Robert son of Thomas de Sales-
bury for a tenement in Thornley ; ibid,
m. 76. Richard de Thornley appears in
1302 ; ibid. 418, m. 13.

BLACKBURN HUNDRED

family of Knoll or Knolls 6 ; as early as 1302 John
de Knoll held of the Earl of Lincoln the eighth part
of a knight's fee in Thornley and Wheatley. 7 John
shortly afterwards acquired two messuages, 2 oxgangs
of land, &c., in Thornley, which had been granted by
Thomas son of Hugh le Surreys to John son of
Jordan de Mitton. 8 In 1319 Thomas son (and heir)
of John de Knoll called upon Thomas de Osbaldeston
as mesne lord to acquit him of the service in respect
of a tenement in Wheatley claimed by the Earl of
Lancaster ; 9 and Osbaldeston claimed the custody of
the manors of Wheatley and Thornley, Thomas de
Knoll being a minor, because John his father had
held by knight's service. 10

Thomas de Knoll died between 1350" and 1354,

CHIPPING

his widow Margaret and son Richard having the lord-
ship in the latter year. 1 * Richard and his brother
Adam were defendants in 1358 against a claim by
John Maudson of Core. 13 From later deeds it appears
that Adam ultimately inherited ; he had three sons
Richard, John and Adam. 14 Richard repudiated his
wife and married another, but on trial this was
decreed unlawful and he had to return to his first
spouse. She bore him two sons, Miles and Gerard. 15
The former had a daughter Margaret, who married
John Singleton, 16 and the latter had a son Richard,
whose son John Knoll was the heir male, when,
about 1500, Thomas first Earl of Derby purchased
the manor of Thornley. 17 From the rental of
152 3-4 it appears that a rent of <\.s. \d. was due

Alice wife of John de Sedbergh and
her sisters Christiana and Agnes were
non-suited in 1292 in a claim against
Ralph son of Adam de Thornley ; Ralph's
daughter Avice is named ; ibid. m. 33.
One of the sisters may have been the
Christiana widow of Robert del Town
who in 1304. claimed dower against
Ralph de Thornley; De Banco R. 151,
m. 203 d. Ralph seems to have called
upon John de Knoll for warranty ; ibid.
154, m. 31. Alice widow of William
del Town was defendant in 1351 ; Duchy
of Lane. Assize R. I, m. v d.

In 1316 Margery daughter of Richard
Francey* of Ribchester demised land in
Thornley in Chippingdale to Adam son
of Hugh de Clitheroe ; it had been given
to her for life on her marriage with Adam
son of Ralph de Thornley ; Towneley
MS. DD, no. 1182.

6 Ralph de Mitton made complaint
against Richard de Knoll and others of
the neighbourhood in 1253 ; Curia Regis
R. 150, m. 20 ; 151, m. 22, 25 d.

There were disputes between John de
Knoll and Hugh le Surreys in 1277-8, it
being adjudged in the latter year that John
had thrown down part of Hugh's ditch in
Wheatley (3 rods justly and 6 rods un-
justly), 6d. damage being awarded ; Assize
R. 1235, m. 13 ; 1238, m. 31 d.

A claim by John son of John de Knoll
in 1292 has been mentioned. He also
claimed common of pasture against John
son of Jordan de Mitton, giving his pedi-
gree as son and heir of John, brother and
heir of Richard (s.p.), son and heir of
Richard de Knoll ; Assize R. 408, m. 55 d.
The family therefore held some land in
the township as early as the middle of the
i 3th century.

7 Lanes. Inq. and Extents, i, 319. The
mesne lord at the time is ignored.

8 The charter from Mitton to Surreys
is in De Banco R. 89 (1291), m. 19, and
has been referred to in the account of
Chipping.

John son of Jordan dc Mitton appears
in Thornley as plaintiff in 1305, the de-
fendants being John and Adam sons of
John de Knoll and others ; Assize R.
420, m. 9 d.

The two messuages and 2 oxgangs of
land seem to have been acquired by John
de Knoll from John de Mitton and Alice
his wife about 1308 ; De Banco R. 171,
m. 23d. In reply to the claim of John
de Mitton in 1308-9 John de Knoll, here
styled 'lord of Wheatley,' averred that
the 2 oxgangs were in Wheatley, and not
in Thornley ; Assize R. 423, m. i d.
Hugh de Salesbury and William son of
Hawise de Livesey were also defendants.

In 1310 Thomas son of Hugh le

Surreys, called to warrant John de Mitton
and Alice in respect of the estate, sum-
moned Henry de Lacy Earl of Lincoln
to warrant him; De Banco R. 183,
m. 374.

The connexion of the Surreys family
is shown in later pleas. Agnes widow of
Thomas le Surreys in 1335 claimed dower
in certain lands in Wheatley in Thornley
against Amabel widow of Thomas de
Osbaldeston, but the defendant produced
a charter of Roger son of John de Mitton
(1332) granting the lands to Thomas and
Amabel for life or eleven years ; ibid.
303, m. 9. Agnes also made claims
against Roger, Hugh and John, sons of
John de Mitton ; in reply Hugh and John
said they held jointly with their wives,
Agnes and Cecily ; ibid. 303, m. 9 d. ;
311, m. 206.

9 Ibid. 229, m. 151. Thomas de Knoll
was doomsman of Wheatley and Thornley
at the court of Clitheroe in 1323 ; Lanes.
Ct. R. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.), 48.

10 De Banco R. 230, m. 34 d.

John de Knoll appears to have had
other issue, for in 1347 there was a suit
respecting a messuage and lands in Thorn-
ley which were successfully claimed by
William son of Richard son of Robert le
Walsh and Cecily daughter of Robert de
Hyde of Alston against Richard le Walsh
(the father of William), John (son of
John) de Knoll and William his son.
The plaintiffs alleged a grant by Richard ;
Assize R. 1435, m. i6d.

11 In 1338 Roger son of John de Mitton
granted to Thomas de Knoll part of his
land and waste in Wheatley Wood in the
vill of Thornley ; Towneley MS. OO,
no. 1010. Among the witnesses were
Richard son of Adam de Knoll and
Richard son of John de Knoll. The
land seems to have been exchanged for
Ramscloughgreen ; Kuerden fol. MS.
p. 212, no. 366.

Thomas de Knoll was on the com-
mission of the peace in Blackburn Hun-
dred in 1345 ; Cal. Pat. 1343-5, p. 510.
He was lord of the town of Thornley
in 1350 when Thomas son of Richard de
Bradley claimed common of pasture as to
100 acres of moor against him, Margaret
his wife, Richard his son and John son of
John de Knoll; Assize R. 1444, m. 4 d.

12 At Easter 1354 William son of
Richard son of Robert le Walsh claimed
common of pasture in respect of 161 acres
against Richard son of Thomas de Knoll
and Margaret widow of Thomas, who had
the lordship, also against Adam de Knoll
and Reginald his brother. The claim
succeeded, it being shown that a suffi-
ciency of pasture had not been left ;
Duchy of Lane. Assize R. 3, m. j. It

appears from later records that Adam
and Reginald were younger sons of Thomas
de Knoll.

18 Ibid. 6, m. i ; see the account of
Chipping.

14 This account of the descent is taken
from depositions recorded about 1500;
Towneley MS. OO, no. ion.

15 Final Cone, iii, 90, being a fine in
1425 settling the manor of Thornley with
lands and wood in Chipping, Wheatley and
Aighton on Richard Knoll and his sons
Miles and Gerard and male issue. Miles
Knoll was living in 1446 ; Pal. of Lane.
Plea R. 9, m. 33.

16 There was a settlement of the manor
by John son of Christopher Singleton and
Margaret his wife in 1479 ; Final Cone.

ii' 137-

The claims of Margaret appear to have
met with much opposition. Thus in
1483 Stephen Knoll claimed the manor
against John and Margaret Singleton by
virtue of a settlement on Richard son of
Thomas de Knoll and Joan his wife, with
remainders to Adam and Reginald,
brothers of Richard, in default of male
issue. Reginald had sons John and
William, the latter being succeeded by a
son John and a grandson George, through
whom apparently Stephen claimed ; Pal.
of Lane. Writs Proton, file I Ric. Ill ;
Plea R. 58, m. 6.

John Singleton in 14878 demised
Thornley to Sir Alexander Hoghton tor a
year ; Dods. MSS. cxlii, fol. 49^, no. 3.

*7 In 1479 Robert Wilkinson and
Thomas Newton gave a bond to Thomas
Lord Stanley as to the manor of Thorn-
ley ; Towneley MS. OO, no. 1007. It
does not appear how their title came, but
Robert Wilkinson in 1482 released his
title in the manors of Thornley, Wheatley
and Aighton, with various lands, &c.,
late of John Knolles ; ibid. no. 1008.
They were, therefore, probably the heirs
or trustees of one of the John Knolls of
the text. Later still, in 1503 John the
son and heir of John Newton, then of
Towas [?Towcester], Northants, released
his right (by inheritance) in the manor to
Thomas Earl of Derby ; ibid. no. 1006.

The earl's purchase of the manor from
Christopher Singleton, son and heir of
Margaret (widow of John Singleton)
daughter of Miles Knoll, took place in
1499 ; ibid. no. 1003-4. Margaret
Singletoi was living in 1503 and 1504;
Def. Keeper's Rep. xl, App. 544 ; Final
Cone, iii, 154. About the same time
Roger Shireburne and Isabel his wife,
heiress of the Wolfhouse branch of the
Knoll family, appear to have released
their right in the manor and lands ; ibid,
iii, 155.

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

to the king and izd. to the Prior of St. John of
Jerusalem. 18

The manor descended like Knowsley until 1600,
when William the sixth earl sold it to Baptist Hicks
of London, 19 who in turn sold it to Michael Doughty
of Lathom,* one of the clerks of the kitchen there."
Henry Doughty and his son William took part against
the Parliament in the Civil War, and the estate was
sequestered and afterwards sold. 2 * As in other cases,
part or the whole was recovered for the family.
John Doughty, the eldest son, who died in or before
1 647,** left two daughters, Mary and Susan.* 4 The
former married Thomas Patten of Preston, who died
in 1697, leaving as heir his daughter Elizabeth wife
of Sir Thomas Stanley of BickerstafFe. 25 By this
marriage the manor has descended to the present Earl
of Derby in the same way as Bickerstaffe. 26 Manor
courts are still held once a year. 27

THORNLET HALL, sometimes known as Patten
Hall, stands at the foot of Jeffrey Hill on the north side

of Longridge Fell, and is a plain two-story house very
much modernized, but retaining some ancient features.
Over the doorway is the inscription ' B. O. Michael
Dovghtie 1605,' and in the dining-room over the
mantelpiece is a small cupboard on which are the
initials of Elizabeth and Mary Patten and the date
1709. All the windows are modern sashes and the
house has little architectural interest, but the front
lay-out is effective with balled gate piers, low fence
wall and a tall clipped yew tree close up to the
building rising to the level of the eaves.

WHEATLEY was in 1066 the important part of
the township, being named in Domesday Book as
assessed at one plough-land.* 8 In later times it is
sometimes named before Thornley and sometimes
after it, as at present. Occasionally Wheatley appears
to have been regarded as a separate manor. 29

BRADLEY was held by the Hospitallers, 80 the
tenants being a family assuming that name, 31 who had
lands also in Chaigley and neighbouring townships.

18 Rental in the possession of Lord
Lathom. The following tenants paid the
'gressum' due every eighth year : Mar-
garet Alston 19*., Alexander Bradley

-245. 4</., Thomas Burne js., wife of
Thomas Dilworth ioj., Richard Kilworth
8*., Henry Dicconson ios., Richard Eccles
1 31. 4</., Ughtred Huddersall js. t Richard
Marsden 151. lid., Edward Rodes ios. t
Thomas Rodes 8s., Christopher Sower-
butts ioj., John Thornley 14*. <)d., Robert
Wilkinson zos., &c. The rents of free
tenants amounted to 22s. yd., of tenants
at will 22 4-r. iod., the demesne yielded
jCio (to which was added the rent of a
close in Chaigley lately purchased, viz.
ioi. and 6d. instead of a stone of cheese),
the commuted ' works ' of the tenants
1 8*. 6d., the turbary of Withinreap
i8i. iod. The gross return from the
manor was given as ^44 izs. yd., but
many allowances had to be made. No
courts had been held. A payment of q.d.
called 'Juger sylvere ' was made yearly
to the bailiff of Blackburnshire at the
court held at Clitheroe.

19 Towneley MS. OO, no. 1013-16.
In 1602 the earl sold lands, &c., in
Chipping and Bosden in Bowland to
Baptist Hicks, who in 1606 sold the same
to Michael Doughty ; ibid. no. icoi-2.

20 In Feb. 1602-3 Baptist Hicks of
London transferred to Michael Doughty
of Lathom, Cecily his wife and Henry
his eldest son the manor of Thornley, late
the inheritance of Ferdinando Earl of
Derby; OO, no. 1000. From a later
fine, however, it seems that in 1609 Sir
Baptist Hicks acquired the manor of
Thornley and messuages and lands in
Thornley, Chipping and Bosden from
Thomas Lord Jillesmere and Alice his
wife, Countess of Derby (i.e. widow of
Ferdinando) ; Pal. of Lane. Feet of F.
bdle. 75, no. 18. For the countess's
right see Ducatus Lane, (Rec. Com.), iii,
323 352,458.

21 Stanley Papers (Chet. Soc.), ii, 23,
1 06, &c. Michael Doughty represented
Preston in the Parliament of 1589 and
Liverpool in that of 1593; Pink and
Beaven, Parl. Repre. of Lanes. 146, 184.

A pedigree of Doughty of Thornley
will be found in the Visit, of 1613 (Chet.
Soc.), 64. Henry Doughty paid 10 on
refusing knighthood in 1631 ; Misc. (Rec.
Soc. Lanes, and Ches.), i, 217.

22 Royalist Comp. Papers (Rec. Soc.
Lanes, and Ches.), ii, 256-68. It appears

that Henry Doughty the father about Aug.
1648 'took up arms against the Parlia-
ment and fled away with the Scots forces
under Duke Hamilton ' ; ibid. 266. Other
sons, Henry and Michael, are named.

Henry Doughty's estate was sold in
1652 ; Index of Royalists (Index Soc.), 41.

23 Royalist Comp. Papers, ii, 257. His
widow Elizabeth daughter of Serjeant
Robert Callis was claiming under her
marriage settlement of 1641. A mort-
gage by Henry Doughty (the father of
John) of the manor-house of Thornley,
called Thornley Hall, is named. No
' delinquency ' seems to have been alleged
against John Doughty.

24 In a fine respecting the manor of
Thornley, with lands, water-mill, &c., in
Thornley, Chipping, Goosnargh and
Witton in 1684 the plaintiffs were
William Patten and Thomas Naylor and
the defendants Thomas Patten, esq., Mary
his wife and Susan Doughty, spinster ;
Pal. of Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 213, m. 8.

25 See the account of Bickerstaffe.
Thomas Patten, a barrister, was the
eldest son of William Patten of Preston ;
see pedigree in Gregson's Fragments (ed.
Harland), 185 ; Preston Guild R.

Thomas Patten represented Preston in
the Parliament of 1688 as a Whig ; Pink
and Beaven, op. cit. 156.

26 The manors of Thornley and Chip-
ping were held by successive Earls of
Derby in 1738 and 1776 ; Pal. of Lane.
Plea R. 549, m. 5 ; 623, m. la.

27 T. C. Smith, Chipping, 46-52, ex-
tracts from the old Court Rolls being given.
From a record of the boundaries of the
manor in 1808 they seem to have been
those of the township. On the border of
Dutton were a stone called the White
Stoup and a group of stones called the
Cripple Oak.

28 V.C.H. Lanes, i, 2 88. Cf. the tene-
ment of Osbaldeston in 1349 as already
recorded.

A family named Wheatley occurs. Thus
in 1227 Jordan de Wheatley obtained
from Eve widow of William de Edisford an
oxgang of land in Wheatley, which was to
descend to Jordan's heirs by his late wife,
sister of Eve ; Final Cone, i, 50, 60.

29 In 1612 William Helme (see Chip-
ping) was said to have held lands in
Thornley and Wheatley of Edward Tyldes-
ley, as of his manor of Wheatley, by 2s. $d.
rent ; Lanes. Inq.p.m. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and
Ches,), i, 213. See also note 8 above.

80 i \vheatley ' is named in the list of
the Hospitallers' estates in 1292 ; Plac. de
Quo Warr. (Rec. Com.), 375. In 1 294 the
Prior of St. John complained that John de
Knoll had rescued certain cattle impounded
at Thornley ; De Banco R. 103, m. 26.

In a Stidd rental of 1609 a rent of
zs. lod. ia entered as due from John
Rodes for a tenement in Thornley, and
one of6d. from John Hurst (lately Edmund
Wall or Wawne) in Wheatley ; Kuerden
MSS. ii, fol. 132*.

81 Adam son of Adam de Bury appears
to have held the ' manor of Bradley ' in
1246, when he sold it to Thomas rector
of Slaidburn ; Final Cone, i, 102. The
bounds extended from the Loud to Long-
ridge and from Bradley Syke to Bradley
Brook. This may have been only a feoff-
ment in trust, for in 1262, when Ralph
son of Adam de Thornley acquired from
Robert de Bradley 100 acres of wood in
the township, Adam de Bury * put in his
claim,' as did also the Prior of St. John
of Jerusalem and John de Knoll ; ibid.
137-8. The bounds began at the place
where Bradley Brook fell into the Loud,
went up the brook to the Veu Viver,
thence west to Bradley Syke, down this to
Ramsclough and so down to the Loud.
Hugh le Surreys charged Robert de
Bradley in 1278 with breaking his pound
at Thornley ; De Banco R. 23, m. 37 d.
Thomas le Surreys in 1289 complained
that Robert had cut down trees in Thorn-
ley in contravention of the above agree-
ment ; Abbrei'. Plac. (Rec. Com.), 219.

A Roger de Bradley of 1202 has been
already mentioned. In 1278 Robert de
Bradley had some dispute with Ralph son
of Adam de Thornley; Assize R. 1238,
m. 33d. The same parties appear to
have been again at variance in 1292 ;
Assize R. 408, m. 54.

From Richard son of Robert de Bradley
dower in Thornley, Aighton and Chaigley
was in 1313 claimed by William de
Huyton and Emma his wife, in right of
her former marriage with Thomas de
Bradley ; De Banco R. 201, m-. 69 d. In
1332 Richard and Robert de Bradley con-
tributed to the subsidy ; Exch. Lay Subs.
(Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.), 82. Richard
de Bradley, perhaps another of the name,
was one of the chief inhabitants in 1341 ;
Iny. Nonarum (Rec. Com.), 38.

Thomas de Bradley in 1389 acquired a
messuage and land in Thornley from
John son of Thomas son of Roger de

THORNLEY WITH WHEATLEY : THORNLEY HALL

BLACKBURN HUNDRED

A pedigree was recorded in I $6j. 32 Thomas Bradley
died in 1564 holding the capital messuage called
Bradley Hall with 60 acres of
land, &c., in Thornley of the
queen as of the late priory of
St. John of Jerusalem in Eng-
land by a rent of 4/. 33 John,
his sun and heir, then thirty-
six years of age, died in 1597,
leaving three daughters as co-
heirs, viz. Ellen wife of John
Osbaldeston, Elizabeth widow
of Thomas Talbot and Jane
wife of Francis Ducket, aged
respectively forty, thirty and
twenty-eight years. 34 It de-
scended to the heirs of
Alexander Osbaldeston
(i66o), 35 and from them
was purchased in 1764 by the Earl of Derby. 3

BRADLEY of Bradley.
Sable a Jesse engrailed
argent^ in chief a mullet or
between two crosses formy
Jitchy of the second all
ivithin a bordure en-
grailed of the same.

CHIPPING

STUDLET is also named in the records, though it
has now disappeared from the map. The Greenhills
and Sowerbutts families were connected with it. 37
Studley also occurs as a surname. 37 *

Apart from these estates there is but little record
of the landowners of former times. As in Chipping,
the Leylands of Morleys and their successors had
lands in Thornley, Wheatley and Studley, held of
the Earl of Derby in socage. 38 The Wawne family
held their land in Wheatley of the Crown as of the
dissolved priory of St. John of Jerusalem by a rent of
1 2</. 39 ; and Richard Shireburne of Stonyhurst in
acquiring the Hospitallers' manors and lands in Stidd
and Chipping acquired therewith rents and lands in
Thornley, Wheatley, Studley and Cockleach. 40 John
Rodes, another landowner, also held of the Hos-
pitallers. 41

One or two other names occur. 42 John Bradley
and John Rodes contributed to the subsidy of 1524
in respect of their lands. 43 The widows of John

Chipping and Cecily his wife ; Final Cone.
iii, 35. In the following year he was a
juror ; Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Chet. Soc.), i, 41.
Robert Bradley attested a Thornley deed
in 1441 ; Dods. MSS. cxlii, fol. 53^.
John Bradley of Chipping, Robert son of
John Bradley of Chaigley and Miles the
brother of Robert occur in 1445 ; Pal. of
Lane. Plea R. 8, m. 33. Robert Bradley
was concerned in the manor of Thornley
in 1479 ; Final Cone, iii, 137.

John Bradley of Thornley was con-
cerned in a rescue of impounded cattle
in 1521, which seems to have led to
great disturbance ; Duchy Plead. (Rec.
Soc. Lanes, and Ches.), i, 88-93. J oan
the widow and John the son of John
Bradk-y of Bradley Hall in Thornley were
defendants in a plea of debt in 1538 ;
Pal. of Lane. Plea R. 167, m. 16.

Joan wife of Thomas Crombleholme
and sister of Henry Bradley of Chipping
in 1420 received from the feoffees lands
in Ribchester, Thornley and Wheatley, the
remainders being to, Christopher son of
Thomas and Joan and to Joan' s right heirs ;
Towneley MS. C 8, 13 (Chet. Lib.), 224.

88 Visit. (Chet. Soc.), 38 ; the descent
is thus given : John -s. Thomas -s. John,
who had three daughters. The younger
John had a brother Thomas Bradley, who
acquired part of the manor of Silverdale.

88 Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. xi, no. 37.

34 Ibid, xvii, no. 28. There is in it
recited an indenture dated 1590 by
which John Bradley granted the rectory
of Warton to feoffees, for the use of
Thomas Talbot and Elizabeth his wife as
to one moiety, and of John Osbaldeston
and Ellen his wife as to the other moiety.
See Pal. of Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 53,
m. 170.

85 The heir of John and Ellen Osbal-
deston was Edward their son, living in
1613 ; Visit. (Chet. Soc.), 84. In 1611
it was found that Thomas Osbaldeston,
outlawed for murder, had a life annuity
of 20 from Bradley Hall and other
lands of John Bradley, late of Beetham
in Westmorland, recently in the posses-
sion of John Osbaldeston, next of Ellen
his widow, and in 1611 of Edward
Eccleston of Prescot parish ; Lanes. Inq.
p.m. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.), i, 179.

The following fines relate to it : 1658,
Anthony Munson and Frances his wife,
deforciants of the manors of Bradley and
Balderston ; Pal. of Lane. Feet of F. bdle.
162, m. 16. 1726, Nicholas Starkie v.

Alexander Osbaldeston, manors including
Bradley; ibid. bdle. 298, m. 4. 1763,
the manor of Bradley and messuages in
Bradley, Thornley and Chaigley, the plain-
tiff being William Turner and the deforci-
ants David Sturgeon, Jane his wife, Richard
Shuttleworth, William Bartlett and Eliza-
beth his wife ; ibid. bdle. 370, m. 66.

36 Information of Mr. J. J. Hornby.

37 The feoffees in 1441 regranted to
John Formby his lands, &c., in the vill
of Studley, a hamlet of Thornley, with
remainders to his daughters Alice and
Joan in equal shares for life, and then to
Thomas Greenhills the cousin and heir-
apparent of the said John, with remainders
to Margaret and Isabel, sisters of the
said Thomas, and then to Alice, mother
of John Formby ; Dods. MSS. cxlii, fol.
53/>. John in 1444 made a formal affirma-
tion that Thomas Greenhills was the heir of
the land he had from his mother Alice; ibid.
fol. 546 ; Towneley MS. OO, no. 1213.

William Sowerbutts of Studley re-
leased to Thomas Lord Stanley in 1458
certain lands in Studley and Wheatley ;
ibid. no. 1009. Robert Sowerbutts in
1482 released to William son of Henry
Hoghton all his right in certain lands in
Studley and was re-enfeoffed ; Add. MS.
32106, no. 350; Towneley MS. DD,
no. 1869. Richard Sowerbutts was a free-
holder in 1600 ; Misc. (Rec. Soc.), i, 235.

37a In 1357 John de Studley claimed a
messuage and lands in Wheatley against
Henry de Dinckley and William son of
Richard the Smith ; Duchy of Lane.
Assize R. 5, m. 8 d., i d.

38 See the account of the Leyland
tenement in Chipping and the references
there given. In 1621 Edward Tyldesley's
estate was held of Michael Doughty as of
his manor of Thornley ; Lanes. Inq. p.m.
(Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.), ii, 2619.

89 An account of the Wawne or Walne
family has been given under Chipping ;
the tenure recorded is in Duchy of Lane.
Inq. p.m. xv, no. 13. See also the
Hospitallers' rental of 1609 quoted above.

In 1409 Agnes widow of Robert Moton
gave her daughter Alice wife of John
Wawne the elder a tenement in Wheatley,
the bounds of which extended from the
Loud on the north to Studley Brook on
the south, and part of another tenement
between Studley Brook and Longridge,
which had descended to the grantor on
the death of her sister Alice, a daughter
of William the Smith ; Anct. D. (P.R.O.),

A 12063. The latter tenement was known
as the Birks in 1525, when it was held
by Robert Wawne, William Sowerbutts
being occupier; ibid. A 13467, 13473.
Lower and Higher Birks are now shown
on the map to the south of Wheatley.

For a dispute between Wawne and
Sowerbutts see Ducatus Lane . (Rec. Com.),
iii, 163, 179.

40 Thornley Hall, &c., as part of Stidd
was included in the grant to George
Whitmore and others ; Pat. 9 Jas. I,
pt. xxvii. It was sold to Shireburne in
1613 ; Kuerden MSS. ii, fol. 132. See
Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. xxvi, no. 4.

Sir Richard Shireburne had in 1573
purchased a messuage, &c., in Wheatley
and Thornley from Richard Alston ; Pal.
of Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 35, m. 101.
Richard Shireburne in 1586 purchased
messuages and lands in Thornley, Wheat-
ley and Studley from Robert Newsham and
Elizabeth his wife ; ibid. bdle. 48, m. 27.

41 See the rental of 1609 above cited.
John Rodes was a freeholder in 1600 ;
Misc. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.), i, 235.
In 1631 the same or a succeeding John
paid ^10 on declining knighthood ; ibid.
217.

For the Rodes family see T. C. Smith,
Chipping, 251-3.

48 John del Woodscholes received lands
in Thornley in 1316-17; Dods. MSS.
cxlix, fol. 58. John son of Robert del
Woodscholes was plaintiff in 1351; Duchy
of Lane. Assize R. i, m. v d. In 1546
Elizabeth Rodes, widow, was plaintiff in
a fine respecting Woodschole howe and
lands, &c., in Thornley, the deforciants
being Thomas Johnson alias Tomlinson
and others ; Pal. of Lane. Feet of F.
bdle. 12, m. 293.

In 1574 a settlement was made of a
messuage, &c., in Wheatley and Thornley,
by Robert Aytough, Joan his wife, William
Ambrose, Ellen his wife (to whose heirs it
was to remain), Agnes and Frances Eccles ;
ibid. bdle. 36, m. 121.

Sir Richard Hoghton in 1 630 held land
in Thornley, but the tenure is not stated ;
Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. xxvii, no. 13.
Some appears to have been sold by Sir
Henry Hoghton in 1772 ; Pal. of Lane.
Plea R. 615, m. 7 d.

Thomas Shireburne of Heysham in
1635 held land of Henry Doughty as of
his manor of Thornley ; Towneley MS.
C8, 13 (Chet. Lib.), 1083.

43 Subs. R. Lanes, bdle. 130, no. 82.

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

Bradley and William Rodes so contributed in i 543 44
and John Rodes in 1597, in which year Thomas
Wawne was in ward to the queen. 45 John Rodes
and William Wawne paid for their lands in 1626, and
many others paid as non-communicants. 46 Thomas
Bourne paid 10 on refusing knighthood in l63i. 47

James Bradley 48 and Ellen Wilkinson, 49 recusants,
had two-thirds of their estates sequestered during the
Commonwealth. Thomas Eccles of Thornley, as a
'Papist,' registered his estate in 1717, as also did
Stephen Dilworth. 50 The land tax return of
1787 shows that the following were chief land-
owners : Lord Derby, Robert Rhodes and Roger
Kenyon. 51

Archbishop Sancroft about 1685 purchased farms
in Thornley called New House and West House, and

gave them to augment the stipends of the vicar of
Blackburn and the curates of the chapels of ease. 52

A decree concerning the wastes of Thornley,
Wheatley and Studley was made in the time of
James I. 53

The only place of worship is St. William's Roman
Catholic church, Lee House, founded by the above-
named Thomas Eccles in I738. 54 He gave it to the
English Franciscans, and on their approaching ex-
tinction in 1826 the secular clergy took charge for a
time ; but owing to a dispute between the Rev.
Francis Trappes and the vicar apostolic the chapel
was closed from 1841 to i859- 55 Since then it has
been served by the English Benedictines. 56 In the
churchyard is the base of an old cross removed from
the road between Chipping and Longridge. 57

RIBCHESTER

RIBCHESTER
DILWORTH

Ribchester proper, together with Dutton and Dil-
worth, is in the hundred of Blackburn, but the re-
maining township is in Amounderness. The area of
the whole, including Stidd, is 8,437 acres, and the
population in 1901 was 5,912.

The history of the town goes back to Roman times,
numerous vestiges of its former occupation still re-
maining. 1 Camden says that the inhabitants used the
following proverb in his time 2 :

It is written upon a wall in Rome,

'Ribchester was as rich as any town in Christendom.'

Before the Conquest the whole formed part of Earl
Tottig's Preston fee, and was within the hundred of
Amounderness. During the I2th century one part
seems to have been included in the honor of Clitheroe,
and thus Ribchester, Dilworth and Dutton became
transferred to Blackburn Hundred, the other town-
ships, Alston and Hothersall, remaining in Amounder-
ness. 3 Ecclesiastically there was no change ; the parish
was in the diocese of York, archdeaconry of Richmond
and deanery of Amounderness.

The mediaeval history is obscure 4 ; the resident
lords and landowners are scarcely known. Leland
about 1 540 made the following notes : ' Ribchester
is a seven miles above Preston on the further ripe
of Ribble as Preston is. Ribchester is now a poor
thing ; it hath been an ancient town. Great squared

DUTTON

ALSTON WITH HOTHERSALL

stones, vaults, and antique coins be found there : and
there is a place where that the people fable that the
Jews had a temple.' 5 The Reformation left traces in
the prosecution of recusants, some of the gentry and a
large portion of the yeomanry remaining faithful to
the Roman Catholic religion. 6 Thomas Cottam, a
native of the parish, was executed for his priesthood
in 1582. Though the Civil War passed over with
few sequestrations, the Jacobite rising of 1715 re-
ceived much support. Thomas Hothersall of Hother-
sall was outlawed for his part in it, as were Robert
Daniell and another ; while Jonathan Winckley and
Thomas Shuttleworth, both of Alston, were executed.
In more recent times the parish has remained
comparatively isolated. The manufactures are small ;
wood-turning, cotton-weaving and quarrying employ
the people. The agricultural land is employed
almost entirely for pasture, as the following return 6a
shows :

Arable
land
ac.

Permanent

grass

ac.

Woods and

plantations

ac.

Ribchester, Dutton,

Hothersall
Longridge, Alston,

Dilworth .

3
36

7,059^ 422^

44 Subs. R. Lanes, bdle. 130, no. 125.
** Ibid. bdle. 131, no. 274.

46 Ibid. no. 317.

47 Misc. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.),
i, 217. 48 Royalist Camp. Papers, i, 217.

49 Cal. Com. for Comp. v, 3200. The
guardians of John Wilkinson, the heir,
procured a discharge, the sequestration
having been made in error. John was
grandson of Ellen Bradley.

50 Estcourt and Payne, Engl. Cath. Non-
jurors, 136, 150. Edward Eccles was a
recusant in 1668 ; Smith, Chipping, 30 ;
also 254-8, and Misc. (Cath. Rec. Soc.),
v, 152.

51 Land tax returns at Preston.

52 Abram, Blackburn, 282 ; End. Char.
Rep. for Blackburn, 1904.

83 Lanes, and Ches. Rec. (Rec. Soc.
Lanes, and Ches.), ii, 276.

54 T. C. Smith, Chipping, 160-5 ;
Thaddeus, Franciscans in Engl. 159. The
first priest-in-charge Germain Helme
(usually called Holmes) of the Garstang
family was arrested on suspicion in 1745,
during the Young Pretender's rising, and
died a prisoner in Lancaster Castle the
following year ; Gillow, Bibl. Diet, of Engl.
Cath. iii, 25964.

65 Misc. (Cath. Rec. Soc.), iii, 139.
The disputes were carried to the Roman
courts and decided in favour of Fr. Trappes.

S6 Trans. Hist. Soc. (new jer.), xiii, 169.

47 T. C. Smith, Longridge, 200.

1 The Chester brook or Castel brook
named in some of the local charters pro-
bably commemorates the Roman citadel ;
see l-'.C.H. Lanes, ii, 519; also Watkin,
Roman Lanes. ; Shortt in T. C. Smith,
Ribchester ; Garstang, Roman Ribchester ;

Trans. Hist. Soc. (new ser.), xvii, 189;
xviii, 197 ; Lanes, and Ches. Antiq. Soc,
vii, 229 ; xvii, 235.

2 Britannia (ed. 1695), 750.

3 About 1350 'the Sigrop clough be-
tween Ribchester and Hothersall ' was
' the division between Amounderness and
Blackburnshire ' ; Farrer, Lanes. Pipe R.
425.

4 In the time of pestilence 1349-50
the Archdeacon of Richmond alleged that
100 men and women had died in the
parish of Ribchester, and he was allowed
probate dues amounting to 335. q.d. ;
Engl. Hist. Re-v. v, 529.

8 I tin. iv (i), 22.

6 T. C. Smith, Ribchester, 60-5, gives
details and lists of names for the I7th
century.

6a Statistics from Bd. of Agric. (1905).

BLACKBURN HUNDRED

The last perambulation of the parish took place in
l82 9 . 7

To the county lay of 1624, founded on the old
fifteenth, when Blackburn Hundred paid 100, Rib-
chester and Dilworth paid ^3 i \s. ^d. and Dutton
i i is. i ojr/., while Alston and Hothersall in Amoun-
derness paid l 3/. ii-Jrf 1 . a total of 6 los. if</.
from the whole parish. 8

The government was formerly in the hands of ' the
gentlemen and Twenty-four,' the records going back
to i638. 9 At present Ribchester and Dutton have
each a parish council ; Alston and Dilworth form the
urban district of Longridge.

The hearth tax returns of 1666 show that Rib-
chester and Dilworth together had 124 hearths liable;
the largest house was Ellis Cottam's with five hearths,
one house had four and three had three. Mr. Richard
Townley's house at Dutton had five hearths, another
had four, and there was a total of sixty-one in that
township. 10

Thomas Pennant in his journey to Alston Moor
in 1773 visited this place to see the antiquities. He
says : ' We crossed the New Bridge, an elegant struc-
ture of three elliptical arches. A quarter of a mile
beyond stands Ribchester, a poor village, formerly a
famous Roman station : on its north-east side it is
bounded by a little brook, on the south-east by the
River Ribble, both which annually make great encroach-
ments on the place ; the last especially, which has
crossed from the other side of the vale and threatens
ruin by undermining the banks on which the village
stands : a row of houses and some gardens have already
been swept away.' After describing the Roman re-
mains, and speculating on the possibility of the tide
having once ascended as high as Ribchester, Brock-
holes being at that time its limit, he names some of
the old halls of the neighbourhood, remarking that
'they all stand on the edge of the bank, embosomed
once by thick woods of oak, which flourished greatly
on the steep slope.' n

The church of ST. WILFRID stands
CHURCH on the south side of the town, about
100 yds. from the right bank of the
Ribble, which here, taking a big bend, flows south
for about half a mile below Ribchester Bridge. The
building consists of chancel with small north vestry,
nave with south aisle and north chapel, south porch
and west tower, and occupies part of the site of the
Roman station, the line of the north wall of which
passes through the churchyard on the north side.

The building belongs substantially to the I 3th cen-
tury, and has many points of resemblance to the church
of Whalley, which was erected about the same time,
though the dimensions are smaller and there is no north
aisle to the nave. The work would probably be in
progress during the middle of the first half of the
century, when the building would assume its present
shape, with the exception of the north chapel, porch
and tower. It probably then terminated with a gable
at the west end surmounted by a bell-turret, and so
remained till some time in the I4th century, when the
chapel and porch were added. Nothing then seems

to have been done till the end of the I 5th century,
when the west tower was built and the plan assumed
its present shape. Considerable changes, however,
took place in the appearance of the building during
the next century, when the old steep roofs of both
chancel and nave were taken down, the chancel walls
raised and the present roofs erected. The appear-
ance of the aisle was entirely altered by the insertion
of new square-headed windows and the walls probably
raised, and it is even possible that the aisle walls were
entirely rebuilt at this time, though the rough character
of the masonry makes it difficult to be sure of this.
The line of the former steep roof to the nave is still
clearly distinguishable on the east face of the tower,
and its pitch suggests that the original aisle wall must
have been considerably lower than at present or that
the nave and aisle were under one roof. There seems
never to have been a clearstory, the nave originally
having enough light in all probability from the west
end as well as from the north. There are records of
repairs done to the fabric in the I7th and i8th cen-
turies, the two ugly dormer windows on the south
side of the nave roof probably belonging to the former
period. The chief work of repair was done in
1685-6 and in 1711, when the fabric was twice
beautified, 12 and in 1736 the west gallery was erected.
After this little seems to have been done to the build-
ing till 1830, when it was repaired and new seats put
in. Two windows in the south aisle were renewed some
thirty years later, but no real restoration took place
till 1 88 1, when the chancel was taken in hand. The
rest of the building remains in a more or less neg-
lected condition, the walls being covered with yellow
wash, obscuring much of the mediaeval detail, which
in other parts is spoilt by paint and varnish.

The chancel, in common with the rest of the church,
is faced with rubble masonry, and the north wall was
partly rebuilt in the restoration of 1881. Its internal
dimensions are 40 ft. in length by 21 ft. in width,
and the floor is 6 in. below that of the nave, the
east end of the church thus losing something in
dignity when viewed from the west, the sanctuary
being raised by only one step, thus bringing it to the
general level of the floor of the church. The roof is
new with three wood principals, the tie-beam at the
east end cutting awkwardly across the top of the
window. The east wall is faced on the interior with
rough stone, but the other walls are plastered above
the string which goes round the chancel at the height
of the window sills. The east window is the original
13th-century one of three lancet lights I ft. 10 in. in
width, splaying out on the inside to 5 ft. There are
two original lancet lights also in the south wall 1 5 in.
wide, splaying to 4 ft. on the inside and with a depth
of 2 ft. 3 in., and remains of a third may still be seen
from the inside. There have been two similar windows
at the east end of the north wall, one of which still
remains, opening into the vestry, the door to which
is cut in the wall through the lower part of the
second, the head of which may be seen above. West
of these windows the north chancel wall appears to
have been always blank as at present, except for a

7 T. C. Smith, Ribchester, 73.

8 Gregson, Fragments (ed. Harland),

2 3-

9 Smith, op. cit. 160-73. A petition
for exemption from serving on the

Hothersall in 1639, is printed in Pal.
Note Bk. iii, 43.

10 Lay Subs. Lanes, bdle. 250, no. 9.

11 Downing to Alston Moor, 92-100.

12 Churchwardens' accounts quoted by

Twenty-four, sent in by John Ward of T. C. Smith, Hist, of Ribchester, 92-9.

' 1685. For beautifying the church,
3 i Of. 1686. P d to y e masons for
hewne work and for waiting and getting
stones, 3 31. lod. 1711. For beauti-
fying the church, 3.'

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

small opening about midway in its length 10 in. wide
by I 5 in. high with a pointed head, and 3 ft. 6 in.
from the floor. The outside of the wall having been
rebuilt no trace of an opening now appears on
the exterior, but the wide splay on the interior
seems to show that it answered the purpose of a
low side window directed on to the altar. In the
1 4th century a good deal of alteration appears to have
taken place on the south side of the chancel, the
sedilia and piscina being of that date, together with
two windows ; one a wide three-light opening near the
east end replaces the second lancet and the other of
two-lights at the west end with low transom forming
a lychnoscope or low side window. The first of these
14th-century windows, the lights of which were low
with cinquefoiled heads under a wide pointed arch
with foliated circular tracery, has been entirely re-
newed, but the original jambs and traceried head of
the western two-light window remain, though the
mullion and transom are modern. The south door-

stone corbel 5 ft. above the floor, probably for an
image, but now unoccupied and broken at the top,
and in the south-west corner is preserved a sepulchral
slab 4 ft. 3 in. long, though imperfect at the top, with
incised ornament and sword. The chancel arch is
pointed and of two chamfered orders, springing from
circular moulded imposts and semicircular shafts below,
with fillet on the face and bases with the water
moulding. The bases, however, have been a good
deal restored, and rest on a plain chamfered plinth
running along the west side of the chancel back to
the north and south walls. The small vestry on the
north side of the chancel and all the fittings are
modern.

Externally the chancel has a plain chamfered
plinth now below the level of the surrounding
ground, and flat buttresses of two stages. The heads
of the east window are quite plain without hood
moulds, and the gable has been repaired at the top
and a modern apex cross erected. The roof is

S CENTURY
14S CENTURY
152 CENTURY
16 T 4 CENTURY
I] MODERN

SCALE or FEET

PLAN OF ST. WILFRID'S CHURCH, RIBCHESTER

way is the original 13th-century one with a simple
pointed arch with external hood mould springing
from moulded imposts slightly above the level of an
external string course which goes round the chancel.
The sedilia and piscina appear to have been inserted
subsequent to the three-light window, if the present
stonework of the latter exactly represents that which
it displaced, as they break awkwardly in front of the
opening. They are, however, of 14th-century date,
the sedilia being triple with semicircular heads and a
half-semicircular arch at each end dying into a scroll
moulding string course which forms a square head to
the sedilia and piscina. The piscina has a segmental
head and two bowls with floreated sinkings. The
13th-century string which runs the length of the
north and east sides is cut away under the first lancet
on the south side against the returned 14th-century
scroll moulding. In the east wall the string and the
sills of the windows have been renewed. To the
north of the east window is a semicircular moulded

covered with stone slates and has overhanging eaves.
The raising of the walls has greatly injured the
appearance of the chancel on the south side, spoiling
the proportions of the windows by reason of the long
stretch of blank walling above. The line of the
former high-pitched chancel roof, the eaves of which
were level with the top of the windows, can still be
seen on the east wall of the nave.

The nave is 61 ft. by 24 ft. and consists of four
bays, with south arcade of four pointed arches of two
chamfered orders, carried on octagonal piers with
moulded caps and bases, and similar responds at
each end. The floor is flagged and the roof is
divided into eight bays by nine oak principals, the
two end ones against the walls and the middle one
having a tie-beam and short pieces down the walls
carried on corbels. The others are merely collars
with shaped pieces under, and the roof does not seem
to have been at all altered since its erection in the
1 6th century except by the insertion of the two great

R.IBCHESTKR CHURCH FROM THE SoUTH-EAST

RlBCHESTER CHURCH : THE NAVE LOOKING EAST

BLACKBURN HUNDRED

dormer windows on the south side which break into
it awkwardly, the principals being still in front of
each window with a space above the rafters where
the line of the roof is raised. A moulded wall plate
now whitewashed runs round the building, on a por-
tion of which at the north-west corner is the date
1527 in Gothic characters.

The south aisle is 10 ft. 6 in. wide and has three
square-headed windows on the south side, the eastern-
most of which is modern, a three-light modern
pointed window at the east end, 13 and a small two-
light window at the west. The south doorway is in
the west bay and is a good piece of 13th-century
work, now unfortunately painted and varnished, with
pointed arch of two moulded orders, square chamfered
inner jamb and outer shafts with moulded capitals
and bases. The door is modern, probably of i8th-
century date. The aisle retains its original 16th-
century oak lean-to roof with shaped wind braces,
and its east end is occupied by what is known as the
' Hoghton choir ' or chapel, inclosed by an oak screen
probably of early 16th-century date but much
restored. It has eleven openings with traceried
heads on the north side and eight on the west, with
an embattled cornice. The chapel is now filled with
square pews.

The porch has a pointed 14th-century arch of two
orders with wave moulding springing from moulded
imposts, and with external hood mould and moulded
jambs. The gable, however, is quite plain above,
and the roof in common with all the roofs of the
church has overhanging eaves and is covered with
stone slates. The walling is of rough stone with
large angle quoins. There is a small window on
each side and a wood bench on the west side. In
the south-east corner is an altar tomb cut from a solid
block of stone with three shields, one of which bears
the arms of Hoghton. 14

On the north side the nave is open, for something
like half its length at the east end, to the north
chapel, but west of this is a built-up doorway
3 ft. 6 in. wide. The rest of the wall is blank,
except for a square-headed three-light window under
the roof inserted in the 1 6th century when the wall
was raised. Externally the north nave wall retains
its two original angle buttresses with gabled heads
and a portion of the former west wall of the building
above the straight joint in the masonry showing
where the north wall was raised when the old steep-
pitched roof was removed.

The north chapel, or ' Dutton choir,' is 34 ft. by
14 ft. and is open to the nave on the south side by
an arcade of two pointed arches of two plain
chamfered orders with hood moulds on each side,
springing from a central pier of three clustered shafts
with large circular moulded cap, and from half-round
responds at each end with moulded caps and bases.
The terminations of the outer chamfer over the pier
on both sides are ornamented with roughly carved
heads, but the arches and shafts, as well as all the
other stonework in the chapel, are much spoiled by
repeated coats of whitewash and paint. The chapel

RIBCHESTER

has a separate gabled roof, and on the western gable
are the remains of a bell-turret. The wall plate on
the south side is carried over the tops of the arches
by four stone brackets, and there is one rough
principal to the roof which is plastered under the
spars. At the east and west ends the chapel is lit
by two good 14th-century windows with moulded
jambs and mullions, traceried heads and external
hood moulds. The north wall has a square-headed
window of three trefoiled lights and a i 3th-century
lancet with inner arch on corbels, probably re-erected
here from the north wall of the nave when the chapel
was built. The piscina which remains at the end of
the south wall has a moulded segmental head and jambs.

The west tower is 13 ft. 6 in. square inside and
has a projecting vice in the south-east corner. The
western buttresses are of seven stages, set square and
finishing just above the sill of the belfry windows.
The tower is faced with rubble masonry with quoins
at the angles and is very plain in character, its stages
being externally unmarked. On the north and south
sides the walls are blank below the belfry except for a
small square-headed window to the bell-ringing stage.
The belfry windows are pointed and of three lights
with tracery in the head, external hood mould and
stone louvres. The walls finish with an embattled
parapet and string course, and there is a clock on the
east side facing the village. The west door has a
pointed arch with continuous moulded jambs and
head, and above is a three-light window similar to
those in the belfry. The tower arch is of two
chamfered orders, the outer one dying into the wall
at the springing, but the lower part is now filled by
a wooden screen with turned balusters at the top
and a modern door. The upper part of the opening
is hidden by the organ, which occupies the west
gallery. This gallery, which is described in the
faculty of 1736 as 'for the use of the Singers of
Psalms/ has a plain 18th-century wood front grained
and varnished, and is approached by a staircase on
the north side within the tower.

The font is of 14th-century date, and stands in its
original position near the south door. It is octagonal
in plan with straight sides and chamfered angle shafts
dying into a splayed plinth, and has a flat wood top.
Like the south door it has unfortunately suffered from
successive coats of paint.

The pulpit is of oak and octagonal in plan, with
pilasters at the angles, richly carved panels and pro-
jecting cornice carried by shaped brackets. On the
door are the date 1636 and the initials of Christopher
Hindle, vicar, and attached to it is an oak reading-
desk, probably of equal date, forming a two-decker.

The seating is composed principally of modern
straight- backed benches, but some of the 1 8th-century
square pews still remain, two in the nave having the
name or initials of Jas. Dewhurst and the date 1761.
Another in the north chapel has the initials R C A and
the date 1729.

There is a little old stained glass in the head of the
east window of the north chapel, but it has been
spoiled with paint on the inside. 15

13 These two modern windows hnd been
recently erected' in 1869; W. A.
Waddington, Sketches on the Calder and
Ribble.

14 This stone is mentioned as being in
the chancel in 1877 (Dobson's Rambles

by the Ribble, ii, 108), but Mr. Smith says
that in 1890 it was 'nowhere visible'

15 In the windows were formerly
memorials of John Talbot and Isabel his

(Hist, of Rite/tester, 205). Canon Raines wife, and of Thomas Lenox (Lynalx)

in 1850 speaks of it as in the north and Elizabeth his wife, together with the

chapel } Notitia Cestr. (Chet. Soc. xxii), Lynalx arms ; Whitaker, Whalley (ed.

472. Nicholls), ii, 459 n.

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

There are mural monuments to the Rev. B. T.
Haslewood, rector (d. 1876), Jonathan Openshaw of
Hothersall (d. 1882) and the Rev. F. E. Perrin,
rector (d. 1885).

In the south-east corner of the north chapel is the
base of an old cross. In the north chapel also is an
ancient tombstone now bearing an inscription dated
1689.

There is a ring of six bells by Mears of White-
chapel, all dated 1821, but hung in the following
year. In 1650 the 'curfew' was rung at 4 A.M. and
8 P.M. It is still rung in the evening. 16

The plate consists of a chalice of 1777, another of
1815, and a plated flagon and paten made by Richards
of Birmingham, 1826.

The registers begin in 1598. The first volume
(1598-1694) has been printed by the Lancashire
Parish Register Society. 17 The churchwardens'
accounts begin in i65O. 18 There was formerly a
parish library, dating from 1684, but it was dispersed
more than fifty years ago. 19

The churchyard lies principally on the north, south
and west sides of the church, and is entered through
gates, near the south-east corner, from the village.
It was enlarged in 1870 when the old burial-ground
was closed. To the south of the chancel is a stone
sundial raised on six square steps, the plate of which
is missing, but the shaft, which is probably of 17th-
century date, forms a very picturesque feature in the
exterior view of the building. The oldest dated
gravestone is 1696.

A church has existed here at least
ADVOWSON from the end of the i 2th century. 20
Like the manor, the advowson be-
longed to the Lacys, lords of Clitheroe, 21 and descended
to the Earls and Dukes of Lancaster, and so to the
Crown. In 1546 the rectory was granted to the
newly-created bishopric of Chester, in part exchange
for other lands, 22 and a vicarage was ordained to
which the bishop collated. 23 The rectory is now in
the hands of the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, and the
Bishop of Manchester collates to the vicarage. 24

In 1292 the value of the rectory was taxed as
22 a year, 25 but owing mainly to an incursion of
the Scots it decreased within the next thirty years to
ji2, 26 at which it remained in I34I. 2 " In 1535
the income was estimated at 39 I 5/. 6d., including
the value of the rectory-house and glebe. 28 The Par-
liamentary Commissioners in 1650 found that the
Bishop of Chester had leased the tithes to the inhabit-
ants for the nominal value of the rectory, out of
which he had paid 20 marks to the vicar. 29 This
stipend was greatly increased soon afterwards, out of
the sequestered revenues of the bishopric of Chester, 30
but after the Restoration the vicar's income would
return to its former level. However, about 1718
Bishop Gastrell found that the vicar had nearly 39
a year 31 and that there was also 5 6s. $>d. reserved
* for a priest serving within the church of Rib-
chester.' 32 The vicars have for forty years been
styled rectors. 33 The income is now returned as

The following have been rectors and vicars :

RECTORS

Instituted
C. 1200 . .
c. 1240

Richard 35
Drogo 36

Name

Patron

Cause of Vacancy

25 Feb. 1243-4 Guy de Russelon 37 The King

16 T. C. Smith, Ribchester, 104. The
clock was placed in the tower in 1813,
but one had been there from 1650 or
earlier.

17 Vol. xxvi, 1906. Transcribed and
edited by J. Arrowsmith.

18 Many items are extracted by T. C.
Smith, Ribchester.

19 Gastrell, Notitia Cestr. (Chet. Soc.),
ii, 471 ; Smith, op. cit. z 14-1 9, who
states that the founder, Bradley Hayhurst
of Button, was curate of Macclesfield
1671-82 (Earwaker, East Ches. ii, 505),
and died about 1685.

20 In a grant of the moiety of Rib-
chester made by Robert deiLacy before
1193 the 'gift of the church.' of the same
town ' was expressly reserved to the
grantor ; Final Cone. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and
Ches.), ii, 185.

31 See the account of the rectors.

88 Pat. 38 Hen. VIII, pt. v 5 Ormerod,
Ches. (ed. Helsby), i, 97.

28 The vicar's stipend was 20 marks.

* 4 The patronage was transferred to the
Bishop of Manchester in 1859; Lond.
Gam. 5 Aug.

35 Pope Nich. Tax. (Rec. Com.), 307.

36 Ibid. 3Z7.

n Inq. Nonarum (Rec. Com.), 38.
The township of Ribchester contributed
,4 i6s. 8</., Alston the same, and Button
jCz 6s. &d. The apparent decrease of
value was attributed in part to the
omission of the tithe of hay, &c., and
other dues belonging to the altarage of
the church, 4 in all, but chiefly to the

destruction caused by the Scots, owing to
which ten fewer ploughs were used in the
parish.

28 Valor Eccl. (Rec. Com.), v, 262.
The house and glebe accounted for
8 51. io</., the tithes of corn ,20,
other tithes 2 i6i., Easter dues, &c.,
8 13$. 8<f. The outgoings came to 6s.
only, for procurations and synodals.

29 Commonly. Ch. Sur-v. (Rec. Soc.
Lanes, and Ches.), 168. A detailed
survey of the house and glebe lands is
printed ibid. 197-202. Some more
profitable arrangement seems to have
been made, for in 1656 an allowance of
70 a year out of the tithes was ordered
to be made to the incumbent ; Plund.
Mins. Accts. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.),
ii, 130, 152, 207.

30 In 1659 it was ordered that 60
should be paid to the vicar out of the
tithes ; ibid, ii, 288.

81 Notitia Cesir. (Chet. Soc.), ii, 471.
The sum was made up of the 20 marks
paid by the bishop, the Button tithes
13, small tithes 9 121., and surplice
fees 3.

There were five churchwardens, one
chosen by the vicar out of three nominated
to him, and the other four by the
'Twenty-four men' of their respective
quarters. The clerk was chosen by the
heir of Hoghton Tower.

A list of Easter dues and surplice fees
in 1682 is printed in Smith, op. cit. 90-1.

In a lease of the rectory granted by
Bishop Gastrell in 1724 it is stated that

the tithes of Button were reserved towards
the maintenance of the vicar of Rib-
chester ; Chester Consistory Ct. Rec.

32 Notitia, loc. cit.

38 The benefice was declared a rectory
in 1867 ; Lond. Gay,, i Mar. The usual
style of the incumbent is ' rector of Rib-
chester and vicar of Stidd.'

84 Manch. Dioc. Dir.

35 He attested an early grant of part of
Hothersall ; Add. MS. 32106, no. 19
Hud.

Ellis the clerk of Ribchester occurs
early in the 1 3th century ; Whalley Couch.
(Chet. Soc.), iii, 870 ; Final Cone, i, 51.

36 In 1246 it was recorded that Brogo
rector of Ribchester had been drowned
from a horse in the Ribble, accidentally,
as was supposed. The horse was drowned
also, and i8i/., the value of its hide, must
be paid to the sheriff; Assize R. 404,
m. 20.

In 1243, perhaps after the death of
Brogo, the king (in right of his ward,
Edmund de Lacy) claimed the right to
present to the church of Ribchester, then
vacant, the other claimants being the
' Prior of Button ' and Walter Moton.
The prior, no doubt the master of Stidd,
said he claimed nothing in the advowson ;
Cur. Reg. R. 131, m. 18, 17.

37 Cal. Pat. 1232-47, p. 420. He was
a relative of the king's, who presented in
right of his ward, and had many pre-
ferments ; see the account of Preston
Church and Cal. Papal Letters, i, 224.
He was in minor orders only ; ibid. 242.

Instituted

i Aug. 1246 .
c. 1290 .
23 Nov. 1325 .

oc. 1333 .
10 Nov. 1337 .

7 Oct. 1343 .
5 Feb. 1349-50

I Mar. 1364-5
1 8 Dec. 1374
21 Jan. 1374-5

8 Nov. 1395

oc. 1408

5 Apr. 1419

3 Dec. 1419

14 Dec. 1468

BLACKBURN HUNDRED

Name Patron

Humbert de Ascitiis 38 The King . . .

Robert de Pocklington 39 . . . .

Robert de Brustwick 40 . ... . . .

Thomas Trayley 41

Matthew Palmer 42 Queen Isabella

Mr. Walter de Woodhouse 43 . ,

William de Wakefield 44 . . . . Queen Isabella

William de Hornby 45

John de Lincoln 46

John de Yerdeburgh Duke of Lancaster

Lambert de Thirkingham 47 .

William de Bolton 48
John Farmer 49 . .
John Moor 50

RIBCHESTER

Cause of Vacancy

. res. G. de Russelon

res. R. de Pockling-
ton

. exch. T. Trayley

. exch. W. de Wood-
house

exch. W. de Wake-
field

exch. Jo. de Lincoln
. res. Jo. de Yerde-
burgh

. res. W. de Bolton

Richard Coventry 61 The King . .

John Elswick 52 . .

William Talbot, D.Decr. 53 . . . E. and R. Talbot

. d. John Moor
. res. R. Coventry
. res. J. Elswick

38 Cal. Pat. 1232-47, p. 484. In
1246 the advowson was in the king's
hands by reason of the wardship of Ed-
mund de Lacy, and was worth 40 marks
yearly ; Assize R. 404, m. 20 d. The
rector is named as ' Imbert.'

Josce the clerk of Ribchester occurs in
1258-9 ; Originalia, 43 Hen. Ill, m. 6.
He is several times mentioned in local
charters. Hawise, his widow, claimed
an oxgang of land in the vill in 1282 ;
De Banco R. 45, m. 70 d.

89 Robert de Pocklington, parson of the
church of Ribchester, claimed land in
Dilworth in 1292 ; Assize R. 408, m. 63,
1 8 d. Letters of protection were given
him in 1294; Cal. Pat. 1292-1301,
p. 123. In 1305 he claimed land against
Robert Moton ; De Banco R. 153,
m. 3 1 7 d. Robert, rector of the church
of Ribchester, attested a local deed ; Add.
MS. 32106, no. 275.

40 Cal. Pat. 1324-7, p. 204. The
name is also spelt Burstwick. The king
presented by reason of the forfeiture of
Thomas Earl of Lancaster. The new
rector was one of the king's clerks.
Henry de Haydock, another king's clerk,
was pic-sented in 1331, but Robert de
Brustwick showed that he had been duly
presented by Edward II, and was allowed
to retain the benefice; ibid. 1330-4,
pp. 82, 1 02.

41 At Michaelmas 1333 Robert de
Brustwick, rector of Lamley, claimed a
sum of money from Thomas Trayley,
rector of Ribchester. The latter was also
sued by Simon de Westhalum, chaplain ;
De Banco R. 296, m. 402 d. There had
perhaps been an exchange of benefices.
In 1336 Thomas Trayley received pardon
for an outlawry; Cal. Pat. 1334-8,
p. 197.

42 Ibid. p. 550. The new rector had
been rector of Little Canfield (Essex),
in the diocese of London, Trayley
taking his place there. The lordship of
Clitheroe was held by Queen Isabella, and
Palmer was one of her clerks. He re-
ceived in 1333 a papal provision of a
canonry and prebend at Bosham ; Cal.
Papal Letters, ii, 387-8.

43 He was a pfebendary of York in
I 347~95 Le Neve, Fasti, iii, 217,

I 9 Z.

44 Cal. Pat. 1343-5, p. 128 ; the new

rector had had Kippax, in the diocese of
York, which Woodhouse took. The
date given is that of presentation ; Wake-
field is said to have been instituted on
10 Nov.; Smith, Ribchester, 139. In
1331, at the request of Joan queen of
Scotland, whose clerk he was, the pope
provided him to a canonry at Lichfield,
but he was to resign Kippax. The pro-
vision was renewed in 1332 ; Cal. Papal
Letters, ii, 350, 356.

As William de Wakefield, rector of the
church of Ribchester, he granted to John
de Osbaldeston, chaplain, a part of his
land in the vill, lying in the lower part
of the croft he had received from John
Banastre ; Add. MS. 32106, no. 261.

46 Cal. Pat. 1348-50, p. 469. The
new rector, one of the king's clerks,
exchanged the rectory of Wootton, Lincoln
diocese, for Ribchester. He was after-
wards rector of St. Michael's-on-Wyre,
and receiver for the Duke of Lancaster.
He occurs as rector of Ribchester down
to Jan. 1364-5, so that there is no break
in the succession at this point ; De Banco
R. 419, m. 1 80.

46 Raines MSS. (Chet. Lib.), xxii, 387.
One of this name was prebendary of
York and Lincoln later in the century ;
Le Neve.

47 John de Lincoln in 1374 exchanged
Ribchester for Long Leadenham, in Lin-
coln diocese, with John de Yerdeburgh,
who was presented to Ribchester on
18 Dec. 1374 ; Duchy of Lane. Misc.
Bks. xiii, fol. 47. It is unlikely that he
was instituted, for he almost immediately
accepted Stoke, in Staffordshire, and
Lambert de Thirkingham was presented
on 21 Jan. 1374-5 ; ibid.

In Whitaker's Whalley (ii, 462)
William de Bolton is said to have been
instituted on 27 Feb. 1367, but there
must be some mistake in the date.

49 Raines MSS. (Chet. Lib.) xxii, 393 ;
the Archdeacon of Richmond was to have
12 as first-fruits. Henry IV in Dec.
1399 ratified the estate of John Farmer,
king's clerk, in the rectory of Ribchester ;
Cal. Pat. 1399-1401, p. 101. The name
is also spelt Fermer.

Boniface IX in 1397 appointed John
Farmer, rector of Ribchester, to the
prebend of Frees, in Lichfield Cathedral,
if he should be found fit ; Cal. Papal

Letters, v, 84. In 1405 Innocent VII
extended an indult granted to Rector
Farmer the year before ; while he should
be serving the Bishop of Norwich (whose
registrar he was), studying at the
university, or residing at the Roman
court, he might farm out his benefices,
&c. ; ibid, vi, 8, 285. John 'Fermer'
was prebendary of Wolvey, in Lichfield
Cathedral, in 1398, probably in exchange
for Frees ; Le Neve, Fasti, i, 640.

so John Moor, rector, was the feoffee
of Sibyl widow of Sir Roger de Fulthorp
in Aug. 1408 ; Towneley MS. DD, no.
2025. He seems to have been resident,
as he is similarly mentioned several
times ; e.g. Final Cone, iii, 84 ; Towneley
MS. C8, 13, p. 602 (1415).

81 Raines MSS. xxii, 395.

In 1420 Richard Coventry was rector
of Benefield (Northants), in the diocese
of Lincoln, and obtained a plenary in-
dulgence ; Cal. Papal Letters, vii, 336,
340.

52 Raines MSS. loc. cit. This rector
seems to have been resident, as his name
frequently occurs in local deeds, &c. ; e.g.
Final Cone, iii, 112.

He and William Clifton in 1429
claimed a debt against Richard Walmsley
of Ribchester ; Pal. of Lane. Plea R. 2,
m. gb. John Elswick, rector of Rib-
chester, was a feoffee of lands in Chaigley
in Apr. 1468 ; Add. MS. 32108, T

33 6 -

6J In 1468 there was an inquiry as to
the patronage, which was claimed by
Edmund and Richard Talbot under a
grant from the Crown in reward of services
rendered to Richard Earl of Salisbury.
The king had presented the last rector,
to whom a pension of 20 was allowed
on account of his decrepitude ; Raines
MSS. xxii, 385 (from registers of Archd.
of Richmond). In an act of resumption
in 1467 the grant to the Talbots was
specially reserved ; Parl. R. v, 599.

William Talbot graduated in the canon
law at Cambridge, bachelor in 1470 and
doctor in 1475-6 ; Grace Book A (Luard
Mem.), 83, in. He obtained a prebend
at York in 1480 and another at South-
well in 1485 ; he was buried at the latter
church in 1498, his monument still
remaining; Le Neve, Fasti, iii, 189,
448.

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

Instituted

1 6 Mar. 1496-7
31 July 1527 .

21 Dec. 1532 .
9 June 1542 .

oc. 1562 .

22 Mar. 1571-2

9 Mar. 1573-4

17 Dec. 1616 .

5 Feb. 1617-18

1656 .

6 Oct. 1681 .
3 Aug. 1706 .

26 Feb. 1738-9

Name

Robert Crombleholme 54 . .
William Clayton, D.Can.L. 5

Thomas Thirlby, LL.D. 5G .
George Wolset, LL.D. 57 . .

Patron
The King .

Cause of Vacanrr

The King

res. R. Cromble-
holme

d. W. Clayton
res. T. Thirlby

VICARS

James Lingard s8

Christopher Alsop r9

Henry Norcross 60 John Whitaker

Richard Learoyd 61 Bp. of Chester .

Christopher Hindley c . .
William Ingham 63 . . .
George Ogden, B.D. 64 .
Thomas Johnson, B.A. 6r> .
John Heber 66 . . . .

res. last incumbent
depr. of H. Nor-
cross
res. R. Learoyd

Bp. of Chester

64 Smith, op. cit. 141. Crombleholme
resigned the rectory on a pension, but
died soon afterwards, intestate, when his
administrators began a suit against the
Abbot of Whalley ; Duchy Plead. (Rec.
Soc. Lanes, and Ches.), i, 201. The abbot
was liable as surety for William Clayton,
the succeeding rector, and alleged that
the covenants had been fulfilled.

55 The king in 1520 granted the next
presentation to John Veysey (Bishop of
Exeter) and Sir Edward Belknap ; Duchy
of Lane. Misc. Bks. xxii, 229 d. On
Crombleholme's resignation the bishop,
as surviving trustee, presented one
Thomas Brerewood, and complained that
William Clayton unjustly hindered his
obtaining possession ; Pal. of Lane.
Plea R. 142, m. 2 d.

The new rector (D. Can. Law, 1528 ;
Foster, Alumni Oxon.) held various
benefices and dignities, including Winder-
mere, Doncaster and Bromfield Churches,
and canonries at Lichfield and York ; Le
Neve, Fasti, i, 627 ; iii, 193 ; L. and P.
Hen. PHI, v, 608, 700. He died 14
Oct. 1532, and it appears that Edmund
Bonner was recommended as his successor
at Ribchester ; ibid, v, 604, 687. A
letter from Clayton to Cromwell is at
the P.R.O. ; ibid, iv, 2248.

66 Thomas Thirlby (Trinity Hall,
Cambridge, LL.D. 1528) had many
preferments, becoming successively Bishop
of Westminster (1540), Norwich (1550)
and Ely (1554) j Le Neve, Fasti. He
had complied with the religious changes
of the time, but in 1559 refused to
abandon Roman communion and was
deprived by Elizabeth. Thenceforward
he lived a prisoner with Archbishop
Parker, dying at Lambeth in 1570. See
Diet. Nat. Biog. ; Cooper, Athen. Cantab.
i, 287-90.

He had a dispute with his lessees of
the rectory of Ribchester in 1542 ; Duchy
Plead, ii, 160.

57 Act Bk. at Chester 1502-76, fol.
1 2 b. He was also rector of Chipping.
His name is uncertain, being given also
as Wolfet or Wolflet. He was educated
at Oxford (M.A. 1512, as Welsett or
Wylsett ; Foster, Alumni), was rector of
St. Olave, Hart Street, London, in 1518
to 1528, and became clerk of the king's
closet in 1537 ; he had other benefices
and was a canon of Salisbury ; see the
account by T. C. Smith, Chipping, 85-6.
Hi will, dated 1553, was proved at
York in 1554; an abstract is given by
Raine*, Chantries (Chet. Soc.), 195-6.

Gilbert Wicks obtained a presentation
to the rectory in 1540, but it does not
appear to have been acted upon ; L. and P.
Hen. Fill, xv, g. 1027 (20).

88 No first-fruits were paid by the
vicars. James Lingard's name appears
in the visitation list of 1562 and again
in 1570. He was one of the old clergy,
having been ordained in 1546-7 ; Chester
Ordin. Bk. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.),

73. 77-

59 Smith, Ribchester, 143. Some later
dates are taken from the same work,
which contains a full account of the
vicars. Alsop's name occurs in Jan.
'573-45 Raines MSS. (Chet. Lib.),
xxii, 56.

60 Act Bk. at Chester. The Bishop of
Chester had in 1572 granted the next
presentation to Bernard Anderton, his
servant, and another, who transferred it
to John Whitaker. In Raines MSS.
xxii, p. 350, will be found a record of the
proceedings against Norcross in 1614-15.
He was charged with having obtruded
himself into the ' parish ' of Stidd, and
with being a drunkard, ale-house keeper,
gambler, &c. He was deprived or
degraded, but continued to live at Rib-
chester, being buried there 14 Aug. 1623.
In 1590 he was described as 'no
preacher ' ; S. P. Dom. Eliz. xxxi, 47.

61 Act Bk. at Chester 1579-1676, fol.
64^. He became one of the chaplains
or curates at the Collegiate Church, Man-
chester, and was buried there 22 Aug.
1623. From the presentments at one
of the visitations it appears that he was
unable to obtain possession of the vicarage-
house at Ribchester.

62 From this time the institutions have
been compared with the Institution Books
P.R.O. as printed in Lanes, and Ches.
Antitj. Notes.

Christopher Hindley (or Hindle
Hynde in Act Bk.) was of Cowell or
Cowhill in Rishton. At first he ' could
not peaceably enjoy the vicarage,' appa-
rently owing to the opposition of Nor-
cross, who also detained a communion
cup; Visit. P. of 1619 at Chester Dioc.
Reg. Though not a member of the
classis, he continued to minister at Rib-
chester after the establishment of Presby-
terianism, until violently ejected from
his pulpit in 1649 while denouncing the
execution of Charles I. He then retired
to Cowhill, where he died in 1657 ; Loc.
Glean. Lanes, and Ches. i, 34, &c.

It was probably the execution of
Charles I which roused the vicar to

d. W. Ingham
d. G. Ogden
d. T. Johnson

resistance, for in 1646 the Parliamentary
Committee ordered an increase of 40 in
his stipend, and as late as May 1649
directed payment of arrears ; but in the
following month the increase was sus-
pended on account of accusations of
' notorious misdemeanours ' ; Plund. Mins.
Accts. i, 70, 72. In 1650 it was found that
' the present incumbent, Mr. Christopher
Hindley,' had been ' lately suspended by
order from the provincial assembly of
divines for this county, but for what
cause the presenters know not'; Common-w.
Ch. Sur-v. 169. Thus he had not then
been deprived.

63 William Ingham, who was considered
a ' diligent, painful minister,' occurs at
Church (1646), Goosnargh (1650) and
Shireshead (1652) ; Common-w. Ch.
Surf. 155 ; Plund. Mins. Accts. i, 119.
He was not recommended as ' settled
minister' of Ribchester until 1656, so
that the account of his conduct given by
his Royalist successor has no doubt been
exaggerated; ibid, ii, 151. The first
baptism by him was on 23 Nov. 1656 ;
Reg. He seems to have been a Presby-
terian and signed the ' Harmonious Con-
sent ' in 1648, but conformed at the
Restoration, retaining the benefice till his
death in 1681. For his will see Smith,
op. cit. 150.

64 Educated at Jesus Coll., Camb.; M.A.
1668. His epitaph describes him as
'fellow' of his college and B.D. ; the
former statement is erroneous. He built
a vicarage-house in 1682. He was elected
fellow of Manchester in 1 68 1 and retained
this with his vicarage till his death in
1706 at Manchester. In 1692 the
Bishop of Chester (Stratford) wrote to
him asking whether he intended to reside
at Ribchester or to resign it ; see Loc.
Glean. Lanes, and Ches. ii, 4 and the
account of him in Raines, Fello-ws of
Manch. (Chet. Soc.), 183-8. At Rib-
chester he collected the antiquities found
there.

65 Educated at Brasenose Coll., Oxf. ;
B.A. 1692; Foster, Alumni. He was
non-resident in 1734, but was buried at
Ribchester in 1738.

60 Educated at University Coll., Oxf.,
but did not graduate ; Foster, Alumni.
He was rector of Marton, a family living,
1728 to 1775, and did not reside at Rib-
chester ; Whitaker, Cra-ven (ed. Morant),
95. In 1739 the vicar was also 'chap-
lain to his Majesty's invalids at Ports-
mouth ' ; Visit. Returns. Reginald Heber,
the poet, was his nephew.

BLACKBURN HUNDRED

RIBCHESTER

Instituted Name

zg Aug. 1775 . . John Griffiths, B.A

37 July 1776 . . John Atkinson 67 ' 8

II July 1798 . . Isaac Relph 69

23 Apr. 1800 . . James Quartley, M.A. 70 . . . .

14 Apr. 1829 . . Boulby Thomas Haslewood, B.A. 71 .

RECTORS

. Frederick Eugene Perrin, M.A. 72 .
Francis John Dickson, M.A. 73
Evan Harries 74

. John William Brooker

Patron

Bp. of Chester

Cause of Vacancy

d. J. Heber

1876 .

1 8 Aug. 1885 .

1 1 May 1892 .
7 Jan. 1908

The early rectors were often officials of the Earls of
Lancaster or the kings, holding Ribchester as one of
numerous preferments and resigning it after a brief
tenure for some more lucrative benefice. It is
unlikely that many of them were resident, and pro-
bably for this reason they seldom occur in local deeds.
After the rectory came into the possession of the
Bishops of Chester the vicars appointed were usually
resident, but the stipend was small, and the position
of the incumbents was probably no better than that
of the former curates of the absentee rectors. Some
of the vicars held other preferments. Before the
Reformation there were probably three or four
resident priests, 75 the parish church with its chantry
and the chapels at Longridge and Stidd having to
be served. The visitation list of 1548 gives four
names, including the rector's, but Stidd had no
doubt ceased to be used. 76 The church goods taken
away by the commissioners of Edward VI in 155 23
were a pix of silver gilt, a cross, a cope and five
vestments. 77 In 1554, when the Bishop of Chester
was rector, only one name appears, 78 and the same

Bp. of Manchester

d. J. Atkinson
d. I. Relph
d. J. Quartley

d. B. T. Haslewood
d. F. E. Perrin

res. E. Harries

is the case in 1 562. 79 A single minister appears thence-
forward to have sufficed for the parish until about
I7oo, 80 though during the Commonwealth period
there was a second one at Longridge. 81 Mr. Ogden,
vicar at the end of the 1 7th century, had a resident
curate. 82 In 1731 the churchwardens notified to the
Bishop of Chester the existence of Quakers, Popish
and Presbyterian Dissenters and Anabaptists. 83

The priest of St. Mary in Ribchester Church
appears to have been an established institution before
1349, w ^ en a rent-charge of zs. on lands in Dutton
was made in his favour by Henry de Clayton. 84 Ten
years later a small sum was left to the priest singing
at St. Mary's altar. 85 This was no doubt the altar
on the south side of the church. In 1407 Sir Richard
Hoghton obtained the royal licence to refound or at
least to endow a chantry at her altar on the north
side of the church. 86 The endowment, derived from
lands in Ribchester, Dutton, Chipping and Goosnargh,
was unusually liberal, the net income of the chantry
priest in 1547 being 10 ijs. 4^. 87 Robert
Whittingham was the first priest, I4O9 88 ; Ellis

* 7 ' 8 He was appointed one of the king's
preachers in Lancashire in 1786. He was
also curate of Walton-le-Dale, where
there is a tablet to his memory.

69 He had been curate of Ribchester for
twenty-two years before being appointed
vicar. He is said to have been drowned
in the Ribble ; Smith, op. cit. 156.

70 Baines, Lanes, (ed. Croston), iv, 103.

71 Educated at Peterhouse, Camb. ;
B.A. 1818. On his appointment, he
being ' an Evangelical and active clergy-
man,' the Congregationalists gave up their
services ; Nightingale, Lanes. Nonconf.
ii, 113. He 'was in many respects
a model parson, and was highly esteemed
by his parishioners, although it is to be
regretted that the old parish library was
allowed to become gradually dispersed,
and the numerous Roman antiquities dis-
covered during his incumbency to be irre-
coverably scattered" ; Smith, op. cit. 157.

72 Educated at Trinity Coll., Dublin ;
M.A. 1848. 'He succeeded in accomplish-
ing many urgently needed reforms ' ; ibid.

73 Educated at Trinity Coll., Camb. ;
M.A. 1873. Rector of Bispham 1876-85.

74 Educated at St. Bees. Vicar of Christ
Church, Pendlebury, 1881-92.

75 In a purely local deed of 1423
William Wile and Robert Whittingham,
chaplains, were trustees, while John Els-
wick, the rector, and Thomas Sedill,
chaplain, were witnesses ; Towneley MS.
DD, no. 1234.

76 The details given are from the viii-
tuion lists at Chester.

77 Augm. Off. Misc. Bks. clxxx, m. 22.
?B James Moor ; he had been there in

1548 also. 79 Viz. the vicar's name.

80 There is, for instance, no sign of an

assistant either lecturer or schoolmaster
in the clerical subsidy lists, 1620-39,
in Misc. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.), i,
55, &c. 81 See the account of Longridge.

83 Ogden himself and several other
vicars were non-resident, but from 1682
there seems usually to have been a resi-
dent curate at Ribchester and another at
Longridge from about 1700. There is a
list in Smith, op. cit. 158-9. William
Felgate, the curate in 1689, was 'con-
formable ' to the government ; Hist. MSS.
Com. Rep. xiv, App. iv, 230.

88 Visit. Returns.

84 Add. MS. 32106, no. 175.

85 John del Lee, smith, gave a rent of
6</., charged on his lands, to God, St.
Mary of Ribchester and all Saints and to
the chaplain perpetually singing at the
altar of our said Lady St. Mary in the
church of Ribchester. Should the rent
fall into arrears the 'governor or parochial
chaplain or procurator ' of the church
might distrain ; ibid. no. 317.

Among the Shireburne deeds was a
bond sealed in 1545 in the parish church
of Ribchester before our Lady's altar ;
Shireburne Abstract Bk.

88 The writ of Inq. a.q.d. was issued
in July 1406, but the inquiry did not take
place till a year later. It was then
reported that it was not to the king's loss
that Sir Richard Hoghton should assign
to the chaplain of the perpetual chantry
in honour of the B. V. Mary in a certain
chapel on the north side of the parish
church of Ribchester various messuages,
lands and rents in Ribchester, Chipping,
Goosnargh, Hothersall and Aighton, in
part satisfaction of 10 granted by Sir
Richard to the chaplain in virtue of the

king's licence. In Ribchester nine mes-
suages, 41 acres, &c., were held of
Katherine Lynalx by a rent of 1 7 </., and
7 acres of pasture were held of Robert
Townley by zs. rent ; Inq. a.q.d. file 438,
no. 26.

The royal licence referred to was given
in May 1406 ; the chaplain was to cele-
brate for the good estate of the king and
Sir Richard Hoghton, for the souls of
their ancestors and others (including John
de Osbaldeston and William Moton,
chaplains) ; Add. MS. 32106, no. 364.
The grant of the lands by Katherine
widow of William Lynalx, lady of Rib-
chester, is in Kuerden's fol. MS. p. 247.

The lands of the chantry seem at a
little earlier date (1397) to have been held
by the above-named William Moton ;
Add. MS. 32106, no. 455 (fol. 323).

87 Raines, Chantries (Chet. Soc.), 196-9.
There was no plate. The field-names
recorded include Hichough, Bankheys,
Stonyfurlong, Withinlache, Priestmeadow,
Orley, Atough, the pasture called Eyerley
and Avergate. The quit-rents payable
for Ribchester lands were i6d. to Sir
Richard Hoghton for Atough and is. 6d.
to Robert Lynalx for the third part of
another tenement.

It should be noticed that in 1535 the
gross income was returned as ^4 131. 4^.
only ; 31. yd. was due to the king for
puture ; Valor Eccl. (Kec. Com.), v, 263.

88 Add. MS. 32106, no. 365. Sir
Richard Hoghton appointed, and the right
of presentation remained with his descen-
dants. The advowson of the chantry of
Dutton at Ribchester was one of the
rights of Alexander Hoghton in 1498 ;
Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. iii, no. 66.

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

Crombleholme was appointed in I467 89 and was
still there in 1 496 90 ; James Schlacter, chaplain,
held it in i5O4 90a ; James Tarleton appears in
I 5 2 5 91 and was still celebrating according to his
foundation in IS47, 92 when the chantry was sup-
pressed. The confiscated estates were in 155
granted by the Crown to Thomas Reeve and others. 93

Land had also been given for the maintenance of a
light in the church. 94

Cecily the Recluse is mentioned in izgz. 95

A school was founded in I793~7' 96

Apart from the school and religious
CHARITIES endowments there are several bene-
factions for the benefit of the poor.

An official inquiry was held in 1898, and the report,
printed the following year, contains a reprint of that
of i8z6. 97 For the township of Ribchester about
54 is distributed annually in money doles, of which
over 4.2 is derived from a bequest by Mrs. Elizabeth
Dewhurst in i842. 98 In addition for Ribchester and
Stidd is a sum of over 10 yearly, with ' preference
for poor Catholics ' " and almshouses with an income
of j53 1 1/. a*/. 100 In Dilworth 12 is given in
money doles 101 and another endowment has been
lost. 102 In Dutton calico is distributed to the value
of j7. 103 For Alston over 16 is available, distri-
buted in gifts of money 104 ; and some benefactions
for this township 105 and Hothersall have been lost. 100

Robert Whittingham was still chaplain in
1443 ; Add. MS. 32106, no. 341.

89 Raines MSS. xxii, 399 ; Henry
Hoghton presented.

90 In 1487 John son and heir of Thomas
Blackburn released to Ellis Crombleholme,
chaplain of the perpetual chantry of
B. Mary on the north side of Ribchester
Church, all right in certain lands, part
lying between the house of St. Saviour at
Stidd and Chester Brook and part in Rib-
chester Eyes, called the Crookedroyds ;
Add. MS. 32106, no. 310. This grant
was followed by an arbitration ; ibid. no.
419, fol. 316. John Boyes of Ribchester
in 1496 granted to the same chantry a
part of his land in the corner of the south
side of Bernard Park, inclosed by a new
ditch ; ibid. no. 471, fol. 326.

903 He was described in 1504 as 'pos-
sessor of the chantry of Dutton founded
in the church of Ribchester ' ; Kuerden
MSS. iv, P 121, no. 74.

91 In 1527 it was recorded that he had
been chantry priest for two years, having
been presented by Sir Richard Hoghton.
He is again named as priest in 1535 ;
Valor Ecd. (Rec. Com.), v, 263.

92 Raines, Chantries, 1 94. From a note
on p. 195 it seems that the rector (George
Wolset) had in 1543 procured the next
presentation for himself.

98 Pat. 4 Edw. VI, pt. vii. Part was
soon afterwards sold to James son of
William Jenkinson, innkeeper of Rib-
chester, the occupier ; Towneley MS.
OO, no. 1229-30. The chapel seems to
have been acquired by the Townleys of
Dutton, but it had previously been known
as Dutton chapel. The Hoghton chapel,
on the south side of the church, does not
seem to have had an endowed chantry.

94 Raines, op. cit. 253 ; the yearly
value was js.

as Assize R. 408, m. 18 ; there is a
further notice of her land in Assize R.
1 2 9 9, m. 1 6 d. D iana, the Anker maiden,
possibly servant of another recluse, is
named in a deed of 1349; Add. MS.
32106, fol. 322.

96 The master began teaching in 1793
and a schoolhouse was erected on the
waste in 1797 ; End. Char. Rep. for Rib-
chester (1899), 2 > 1I

97 The details in the following notes are
taken from these reports.

In 1624 an inquiry was made as to 50
bequeathed to the parish by Robert Jen-
kinson, citizen and merchant tailor of
London in 1616, the sum being supposed
to be in danger ; and John Dewhurst and
Thomas Waring, executors of Robert
Dewhurst, were ordered to pay the 50
to James Norcross, churchwarden, who
wag to give security for its safe trans-
mission to succeeding wardens ; Harl. MS.

2176, fol. 32^, 33&. From what follows
it appears that the capital sum was
divided among the townships, and that all
has been lost except the 10 appropriated
to Ribchester.

98 This is called the Waterworth Dole.
The capital sum is 1,300, invested in
Preston Corporation stock. The distri-
bution takes place at Christmas time,
there being about 1 80 recipients.

William Norcross left 20 towards
binding poor apprentices and Robert
Jenkinson jTio for the poor. These sums
were in 1732 invested in a house and land,
known as Dods HalL The property was
in 1871 sold for 379 and the money
invested in consols in the name of the
official trustees ; the annual income is
11 51. The portion which should be
applied to apprenticing children is 7 I Of.,
but no such use has been made of it for
sixty years, the whole income being dis-
tributed in small doles (is. to 21.) on
St. Thomas's Day. Another sum of 40
was lent to the township, as was supposed,
but the poor law auditor having disallowed
the 361. formerly paid out of the rates as
interest, this charity has been lost.

Miss Harriett Jane Quartley in 1878
bequeathed 19 191. to the vicar of
Ribchester for the poor. This is invested
in consols and produces an income of i is.,
distributed among six poor and aged
persons at Christmas.

99 This was founded by James Stand-
ford in 1695, he bequeathing 150 for the
poor of Stidd, Bailey and Ribchester, and
300 for ' other purposes.' The money was
invested in land near Skipton and the gross
income is now 41 2s. The net income
is paid to the Roman Catholic priest at
Stidd, who reserves two-thirds to his own
use (for the ' other purposes ') and distri-
butes the rest in small money doles, Pro-
testants being among the recipients.

100 These almshouses were founded
under the will of John Shireburne of
Bailey and Sheffield, who died in 1726,
as will be seen in the account of Stidd
below. The connexion of the Walmsley
family with them seems to have been that
of trustees. In 1728 the churchwardens
of Ribchester made the following present-
ment to the Bishop of Chester : ' We
have an almshouse erecting, but whether
the revenues be according to law we know
not ' ; Visit. Returns. ' Alice Worthing-
ton, widow, pauper from the hospital at
Stidd,' was buried 24 May 1732 ; Church
Reg. There are six sets of rooms, one of
which is occupied by the schoolmistress
and the others by the five almswomen
who are appointed by the priest. Stidd
Manor Farm was in 1867 transferred by
Thomas George Walmsley to the use of
the Rt. Rev. William Turner, Bishop of

Salford, and others as an endowment for
the almshouses. The income, after pro-
viding for repairs and 10 worth of coals
for the inmates, is divided equally among
these.

101 Frances Roades in 1696 bequeathed
her house and land for the benefit of poor
distressed housekeepers of Dilworth for all
eternity.' The yearly rent is now 12,
of which between 8 and 10 is distri-
buted annually on St. Thomas's Day in
sums of is. to 5*.

102 Henry Townley in 1 776 left personal
estate amounting to 100 for 'poor
necessitous persons." The money was
applied in 1824 to the building of a work-
house, interest being paid out of the rates
until 1862, when the poor law auditor
disallowed it.

Bishop Gastrell mentions a gift of 20
by Hugh Shireburne to Ribchester and
Dilworth, and another of 10 by Grace
Ward to Dilworth ; Notitia Ccstr. ii, 474.

103 Henry Townley, Ann his wife and
their descendants Jennet Ward and Town-
ley Ward between 1747 and 1790 gave
sums amounting to 125 to be laid out
in cloth. The capital, with accumulations,
is now represented by 255 consols, pro-
ducing j a year. The distribution of
calico is made about the end of January,
some thirty families receiving doles of 7 to
24 yds.

104 Richard Hoghton in 1613 left a close
called Wood Crook in Whittingham
charged with various sums for the poor,
including i los. to be distributed ' at
the cross near Longridge Chapel in Alston.'
The whole income of the land (now sold)
was applied to the charity, and Alston now
has 6 in. lod. from the endowment.
Alston also has a share (a sixth) of the
income of the charity founded by Thomas
Hoghton of Woodplumpton in 1649 ; it
now amounts to 9 izs.

105 For ' Jenkinson's charity ' 8*. a
year was paid out of the rates in 1826,
but nothing is now known of it.

Thomas Gregson in 1742 and Thomas
Eccles in 1777 left sums for the poor, but
these had been lost before 1826.

James Berry of Alston was stated to
have given Seth Eccles 200 with a
verbal injunction to distribute the interest
to the poor. Seth died in 1822, but his
son Thomas continued an annual distribu-
tion of 8. This gift has, however, long
ceased.

106 In 1826 there was paid yearly from
the rates 91. or loj. for the poor, distri-
buted in small doles about Christmas, the
endowment being attributed to Robert
Jenkinson. Nothing has been paid for a
long time, and the cottages supposed to
have been built for the poor are now
claimed as private property.

BLACKBURN HUNDRED

RIBCHESTER

Ribelcastre, Dom. Bk. ; Ribbecestre, 1202 ; Ribbel-
cestre, 1227 ; Rybchestre, 1292. The forms Rib-
and Ribbel- occur together till about I 360, when the
former prevailed.

The little town takes its name from the Roman
station founded by the Ribble. The township has
an area of ^,^\\\ acres, 1 and in 1901 there was a
population of 1,237. The general slope of the
surface is down from north to south, the greatest
height on the side of Longridge Fell being nearly
900 ft. above the ordnance datum. Boyce's Brook
flows south-east through the township to join the
Ribble.

Roads branch out from the town eastward to
reach the bridge across the river about a mile away,
northward to join the road from Longridge to
Mitton, near the hamlet of Knowl Green, and north-
westward to join the same road nearer Longridge.
Buckley is central.

Few relics of the Roman occupation remain in
the town. In the main street, forming a portico to
the ' White Bull Inn,' are four columns with debased
capitals, said to have been taken out of the river.
They rudely resemble the Roman Doric in appear-
ance and are 6 ft. 7 in. high ; their dressing also
admits the possibility of their Roman origin. In
the rectory grounds are three Roman vases, said to
have been dug up in the churchyard, and there is a
fourth at Lower Alston Farm. At the rectory there
is preserved also a Roman altar, without inscription
and focus, which was found in 1888 built into a
cottage wall. la

There are some 17th-century houses remaining,
one with an interesting stone door-head dated 1680,
and in the main street is a block of two houses of
some architectural merit, the lead rain-water heads
of which are dated 1745. The building, which is

RIBCHESTER

of brick, with moulded stone architraves to the
windows and a stone cornice, is well proportioned
and simple in design.

Three fairs used to be held in Ribchester, but
have been discontinued. 2

The stocks were used as late as i829. 3

There was till recently some hand-loom weaving.
There are two small weaving-mills and two bobbin-
works.

The Preston Union Workhouse is situated here.

In 1066 RIBCHESTER, assessed as
M4NOR two plough-lands, was a member of the
Preston fee held by Earl Tostig 4 ; it then
probably included Dutton also. After the Conquest
it was given to Roger of Poitou, 8 and later is found,
together with Dilworth and Dutton, as a member of
the honor of Clitheroe. 6 Through the Lacys the
manor descended to the Earls and Dukes of Lan-
caster, and thus to the Crown.

Robert de Lacy gave a moiety of Ribchester to
Robert son of Henry in or before 1 193- 7 John Con-
stable of Chester early in the 1 3th century granted to
Walter Moton a moiety of the vill of Ribchester with all
its wood and the mill, just as the grantor's father and
brother had held it, two gloves or \d. being payable
at Michaelmas. 8 About the same time Alan de
Windle granted all his land of Ribchester and of
Dilworth to Walter Moton in free marriage with
Amabel his daughter, 9 and John de Lacy gave Walter
all the farm, aid and service which had been due
from Alan de Windle for the same rent as for the
above-named moiety. 10 Thenceforward the whole
manor was held by the Moton family.

Walter Moton was a benefactor to Stanlaw Abbey u
and also to the hospital at Stidd. 12 He died in or
before 1 246, when his widow Amabel, who had
married Robert de Ribchester, was suing his son
William Moton in respect of her dower. 13 This son
also was a benefactor of Stanlaw, 14 and gave land to

1 2,224 acres, including 21 of inland
water 5 Census Rep. 1901.

la J. Garstang, Roman Ribchester, 5.
(Report of Ribch. Excavations, 1898.)

a T. C. Smith, Ribchester, 71.

Ibid. 72. In 1599 the people of
Ribchester were fined 3*. ^.d. because there
was no cuck-stool ; Clitheroe Ct. R.

V.C.H. Uncs. i, 288*.

5 Ibid.

6 There is no record of the gift of
Ribchester and Dilworth as there is of
Dutton. It is doubtful whether the fine
of 1187 recording the acquisition of the
vill of Ribbec' refers to Ribchester or not ;
Final Cone. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.),
i, i ; ii, 185. If it does, it shows that
Robert de Lacy purchased it from William
son of Rosselin or else confirmed it to
him.

7 Ibid, ii, 185, quoting an abstract
found at Pontefract in 1325 ; Duchy of
Lane. Misc. cxxx, fol. 20 d. The moiety
was to be held in thegnage by a rent of
Js. The advowson of the church and
'the forest of buck and doe, wild boar
and sow' were reserved. One Robert
son of Henry was lord of Lathom about
that time.

In 1 202 Alan de Windle and Agnes
his wife made grants of portions of Rib-
chester ; Final Cone, i, 13, 21. The
plaintiffs in these fines Henry son of
Bernard anct John son of Robert claimed
by inheritance. Agnes may have been

the daughter of the Robert son of Henry
named in the text.

8 Kuerden fol. MS. (Chet. Lib.), 77.
John de Lacy became constable of
Chester in 1211 and Earl of Lincoln in
1232 ; he died in 1240. It is not clear
whether this is the other moiety of Rib-
chester or a new and more complete
grant of the same moiety.

9 Dods. MSS. liii, fol. 17. The sur-
name is spelt in many ways Mutun,
Motoun, &c. ; sometimes a de is pre-
fixed. It may be derived from Mitton,
though this spelling rarely occurs.

10 Ibid. fol. 23. There was among the
Stonyhurst deeds a grant by John de
Lacy to Walter Mutton of the manor of
Ribchester and Dilworth for the same
service as Alan de Windhull and his
predecessors had rendered viz. a pair of
gloves or ^.d. ; Shireburne Abstract Bk.
at Leagram. In accordance with these
charters it was found in 1258 that Rib-
chester rendered 2s. and one pair of gloves
(or 4<) to Edmund de Lacy ; Lanes. Inq.
and Extents (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.),
i, 217.

Walter Moton in 1219 acquired an
oxgang of land in Ribchester from Sieg-
rith, Wynniva and Maud, daughters of
Godwin ; Final Cone, i, 40.

11 He gave the monks Hulliley (or
Hilliley), from the Stonyway on the east
to Godrichley Croft on the west, and from
a syke on the south to an oak cross-

marked on the north, also 3 acrei of
wood. He desired their prayers espe-
cially for the soul of that venerable man
his lord Roger de Lacy ; Whalley Couch.
(Chet. Soc.), iii, 868. He also gave
them the mill with its rights, reserving
multure of his own house, desiring that
he might be buried at Stanlaw ; ibid. 869.
Amabel daughter of Alan de Windle and
widow of Walter Moton confirmed the
gifts, and her second husband released
any right he might have in the same ;
ibid. 870-2.

To Roger de Hurst he gave part of
his land in Ribchester in Turnley, the
bounds commencing at a stone house,
and including (in part) Chester Brook ;
Add. MS. 32106, no. 493 (fol. 330).

1J His gift of land in Godrichley in
Ribchester to the hospital of St. Saviour
at Stidd is mentioned in a charter in
Towneley's MS. DD, no. 889. He also
gave land in Shipenley, adjoining Turnley
at one point, confirmed by his son
William ; Dugdale, Man, Angl. vi, 687.

13 Assize R. 404, m. 3 d. She and
her husband also claimed certain land
and a moiety of the mill against the
Abbot of Stanlaw ; ibid. m. 2 d. This
suit affords an approximate date for their
charters already quoted.

14 Whalley Couch, iii, 872-4. William
son of Walter Moton confirmed his
father's gifts and added land between
Lauediley Clough and Godrich Clough,

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

Sawley 15 ; others of his charters are known. 16 He
was described as lord of the whole vill. 17 He died
about lajS, 18 and in 1282 and again in 1292 his
widow Edusa or Edith appears in the records. 19 He
seems to have left several sons. 20 Robert Moton,

a son or grandson, succeeded to Ribchester, 21 but
in 1305 Robert's son William occurs. 22 The exact
succession at this point is obscure. Henry son of
William Moton in 1317 gave a release to the Abbot of
Whalley. 23 William Moton, son of Robert, and Isabel

"Harl. MS. 112, fol. 8iA.

16 To Henry son of Helewise he gave
land, the bounds of which went north up
the clough of Godrichley to Hullilcy,
thence east to Stonygate, south to the
land of Robert the Kirkman, and then
west to the starting-point. A rent of
izd. was to be paid ; Kuerden MSS. iii,
R. 9. The seal bore a fleur de lis and
the legend SIGILL : WILL : DE : MVTVN.

By another charter he gave Robert the
Skinner part of his waste within bounds
which went down Crinsil Brook to its
junction with Chastel or Castel Brook,
and up the latter brook to Ruddegate,
&c. ; ibid. Josce the clerk was a witness,
and the seal was the same as before.

William de Singleton and Alan his son
granted a rent of 3$. from Dilworth to
William son of Walter Moton and Edith
his wife ; Dods. MSS. Ixx, fol. 157.

To Josce the clerk William son of
Walter Moton gave half an oxgang of
land in Ribchester at a rent of \zd. ;
Add. MS. 32106, no. 271. To Richard
son of Robert Boys (de Bosco) he gave
land in Nutbrook strinds, at a rent of
four barbed arrows ; ibid. no. 3 14. In
1268-9 he gave Sir Adam de Hoghton
the homage of Robert for Ametehalit in
Ribchester, with the rent of zs. due
therefrom ; Dods. MSS. cxlii, fol. 20.

17 He was so described in a gift by
Beatrix de Kuerden, referring to his
charter made to her father Richard son
of John de Kuerden ; Add. MS. 32109,
no. 14 (Edw. Ill), no. 54 (s.d.).

18 He was living in 1278, when toge-
ther with Roger de Chippenley and
Richard son of Hugh de Ribchester he
was found to have disseised Adam de
' Mutton ' of his free tenement in Rib-
chester. Adam had been over sea and was
reported dead ; Assize R. 1238, m. 33.

19 In 1282 Edusa as widow claimed
dower in various tenements in Ribchester
held by Richard son of William son of
William Moton and Denise his mother,
Richard son of Adam and Richard his
son, Richard son of Ellis and Henry his
son and Richard son of Ellis ; De Banco
R. 47, m. 4 d. A Richard son of William
Moton gave an acre in Ribchester to
Richard de Hurst ; Add. MS. 32106, no.
867.

In 1292 Edusa, then wife of Richard
le Sothron, claimed in right of her former
marriage with William Moton dower in
a messuage and land held by Alice de
Lacy ; Assize R. 408, m. 62.

20 The pedigree at this point is inde-
terminate, but from the charters preserved
by Towneley and Kuerden it is obvious
that there were several branches of the
family having estates in Ribchester and
Dutton. William Moton, William his
son and Robert Moton attested an un-
dated charter ; Add. MS. 32106, no. 265.
In 1332 Robert, Richard and Henry
Moton contributed to the subsidy in Rib-
chester and William Moton in Dutton ;
Exch. Lay Subs. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and
Ches.), 86-7.

21 The uncertainty arises from the
possibility of two Williams. In 1302
Robert Moton, lord of Ribchester, de-
mised to Walter de Lofthouse, chaplain,

a part of his waste in Ribchester between
the close of land called Beteleyfield, be-
longing to St. Saviour's, and the Nut-
brook ; Towneley MS. DD, no. 985.
Henry and Adam Moton attested this
charter ; from another deed it appears
they were Robert's brothers ; Add. MS.
32106, no. 273.

Robert son of William Moton released
to Master Richard de Hoghton in 1298
his right in lands held in Ametehalgh in
Ribchester; ibid. no. 233. In 1309
Robert son of William Moton gave his
brother Adam land called the Berridding
Bank, bounded on one side by the high
way to Ribchester Church ; ibid. no. 272.
From the plea of 1282 above cited it
would seem that a Richard Moton was
the heir ; perhaps he died and Robert, a
younger brother or else an uncle, suc-
ceeded. There was an escheat to the
chief lord, or a guardianship, for in 1292
Robert Moton claimed two-thirds of a
messuage and lands in Ribchester and
5 markates of rent against Alice widow
of Edmund de Lacy, and the other third
against Edith widow of William Moton ;
Assize R. 408, m. 73, 4 d. In 1293
de Lacy released to Robert Moton a
capital messuage and a moiety of the
rents, services, &c., which had come into
his hands by the death of William Moton
father of Robert ; Shireburne Abstract Bk.
Robert Moton was lord of Ribchester in
1302 ; Towneley MS. DD, no. 985.

Uncertainty is created by the appear-
ance of Robert and William sons of Adam
Moton in other suits of 1292 (Assize
R. 408, m. 36 d., 36), and by the claim
of Thomas son of Orm de Ribchester
against Richard son of William Moton,
Cecily daughter of Robert Moton and the
above-named Edusa wife of Richard le
Sothron, the last-named holding in dower;
ibid. m. 31.

Robert son of Adam Moton and Richard
his brother frequently occur in the Rib-
chester deeds in Add. MS. 32106. Adam
son of Roger son of William de Ribchester
gave lands to Robert son of Adam Moton
in free marriage with Alice his sister ;
ibid. no. 239.

22 Robert was probably living at that
time, for in 1309 Robert son of William
Moton agreed with his brother Adam re-
specting certain land which Robert was to
grant from his waste ; Add. MS. 32106,
no. 496, fol. 330^. Henry Moton was a
witness. In 1313 Beatrix de Kuerden
successfully claimed certain pasture in
Ribchester against the representatives of
Hugh de Dilworth, whose son Richard
had had a grant of it from Robert son of
William Moton, lord of Ribchester ;
Assize R. 424, m. 3. Richard was then
dead, and Robert also, Henry Moton
appearing for the defendants.

William son of Robert Moton (Mittun)
and Alice his wife in 1305 claimed
a tenement against Avice daughter of
Richard son of William de Ribchester ;
De Banco R. 153, m. 29. At the same
time Robert Moton was defendant ; ibid.
m. 317 d.

In 1317 William son of Robert Moton,
with the consent of Alice his wife, de-
mised six butts of land to Henry Moton

for the term of Alice's life ; Add. MS.
32106, no. 308. Alice widow of William
was in 1331 the wife of William Bisset,
as appears by a pleading cited below.

William son of Robert Moton of Rib-
chester confirmed to Robert his brother a
place in his waste lying on the west side
of Fallonwelhalgh ; ibid. no. 452, fol.
322.

Alice widow of Robert (? William)
Moton had dower in 1330; Shireburne
Abstract Bk.

23 Whalley Couch, iii, 874. Robert son
of John de Hilliley granted to Henry son
of William Moton all his lands in Rib-
chester, with the homages of various
tenants; Towneley MS. C 8, 13 (Chet.
Lib.), H 285. About 1300 Henry Moton
had from Adam de Blackburn the homage
of Richard de Hurst and the rent of
lot/, for his lands ; Add. MS. 32106, no.
244. Henry also obtained a small grant
from Simon son of Richard son of
Ellis de Ribchester ; Kuerden MSS. iv,
R 14.

From the release to Whalley and from
the fact that Henry's name is almost
invariably placed before those of others of
the family in local deeds of the latter part
of the reign of Edward II, it appears that
he was the head of the family or at least
its senior member. William son of Henry
Moton and Agnes his wife were in 1334
accused of having, so far back as
1320, struck a woman at Dutton so
that she died ; Coram Rege R. 298, Rex
m. 1 8.

Henry had several sons. As 'Henry
de Moton of Ribchester the elder* he
granted his son Walter land in the Hagh,
with meadow, buildings, &c., in 1328;
Kuerden MSS. iii, R 9. Walter son of
Henry Moton in 1359 made a feoffment
of lands he had had from his brother
Henry; Towneley MS. C 8, 13 (Chet.
Lib.), M 77. Henry son of Henry Moton
leased some of his land to William son of
Henry Moton in 1329 ; Add. MS. 32106,
no. 291. In the same year a grant was
made to Henry son of Henry Moton and
Nicholas his brother ; ibid. no. 482, fol.
328. Henry Moton in 1337 gave half
an acre in Erley in Ribchester, William
Moton, Robert his brother and Robert
son of Adam Moton being witnesses ;
ibid. no. 264. In 1346 Henry Moton
released a rent he had received from
Erley, Robert son of Robert Moton and
Robert son of Adam Moton being the
first witnesses; ibid. no. 470, fol. 325.
Nicholas Moton occurs again in Dutton ;
ibid. no. 288. He was living in 1360,
when he and his wife Cecily obtained a
quitclaim from Richard son of Adam le
Seinturc of Aighton respecting lands of
Richard's mother Diota, formerly belong-
ing to Richard Willison de Ribchester ;
Duchy of Lane. Assize R. 8, m. 1 20 ;
Add. MS. 32106, no. 254. The same
lands were in 1369 released by Cecily
widow of Nicholas Moton and Alice her
sister ; ibid. no. 302.

In 1329 various acres in Ribchester
were claimed against Henry Moton the
younger, William Moton, Richard Moton
and Nicholas son of Henry Moton ; De
Banco R. 279, m. 405 d.

BLACKBURN HUNDRED

his wife occur in 1 3 3 1 . 24 William died in or before
i 342, in which year his widow Isabel was suing Robert
Moton his brother for two-thirds of the manor of Rib-
chester. 25 In 1337 Robert Moton, perhaps the same
or else son of William, was stated to hold the manor
of Isabella Queen of England by the service of $s.
yearly. 26 Robert was again in 1346 called chief lord
of Ribchester. 27 Katherine, the heiress in 1361, was
apparently his daughter, or perhaps a granddaughter. 28

RIBCHESTER

In or before 1 373 she married William de Lynalx, 29
and was living, a widow, in 1407, being then de-
scribed as lady of Ribchester. 30 Their son John
Lynalx succeeded 31 ; but though the family retained
the lordship till 1581, when Robert Lynalx sold it to
Hugh Shireburne, second son of Sir Richard Shire-
burne of Stonyhurst, 32 practically nothing is known
of their history. 33 From Hugh the manor passed to
Sir Richard Shireburne, 34 and descended in the

24 William as lord of Ribchcster at-
tested a charter in 1329 ; Add. MS.
32107, no. 1497.

The manor of Ribchester was given to
William Moton and Isabel his wife in
1331 by Robert Ragh, chaplain; Robert
son of Adam Moton was a witness ;
Towneley MS. OO, no. 1195. In the
same year Adam de Clitheroe appeared
against William Moton concerning the
manor of Ribchester and against William
Bisset and Alice his wife concerning 16
acres of land in the township ; De Banco
R. 287, m. 380 d. ; 290, m. 77 d. The
latter suit was prosecuted in the following
year, when William Moton appeared and
stated that the 1 6 acres were part of his
inheritance, held by Alice in dower, while
the plaintiff alleged that they had be-
longed to his father Hugh de Clitheroe
until Robert Moton had disseised him ;
ibid. 292, m. 98 d.

William Moton was styled 'lord of
Ribchester' in 1338 and 1341, according
to the Towneley transcripts ; Add. MS.
32106, no. 245, 301, 463, fol. 324.
William and Robert his brother attested
Ribchester charters in 1338 and 1342 ;
ibid. no. 230, 300.

25 De Banco R. 332, m. 30. The de-
fendant is called Robert Moton of Rib-
chester. Isabel continued her suit in
1344 against Robert for two-thirds of the
manor (except a messuage and 10^ acres),
and against some others ; ibid. 340,
m. 5 5 7 d. Two years later Robert Moton
summoned Robert son of William Moton
to warrant him as to the two-thirds of
the manor ; ibid. 348, m. 427. In
1347 Isabel widow of William Moton
came to an agreement with Robert son
of Robert Moton ; Shireburne Abstract Bk.

26 In an inquiry as to the proposed en-
dowment of Bailey Chapel ; Inq. p.m.
10 Edw. II (2nd nos.), no. 10.

Robert son of Adam Moton is fre-
quently named. He is probably the
Robert Moton who, with his sons Adam
and William, was in 1334 alleged to hold
5 acres wrongfully, by Amery widow of
Roger at Kirkstyle ; De Banco R. 300,
m. 13.

27 Add. MS. 32106, no. 249. By a
charter of the same year Robert son of
Henry son of Walter Moton, chief lord of
Ribchester, reduced the free rent due from
certain tenements from 2s. to zod.; ibid,
no. 242. A William Moton attested this
deed. The descent here stated is not
otherwise known, but it is clear there were
many Roberts as contemporaries. The
date may have been copied wrongly.

In 1349 Robert son of Robert Moton
was lord of Ribchester ; Add. MS. 32106,
no. 450 (fol. 322). This deed was a
grant by Robert son of Adam Moton to
his sons William and Thomas ; a witness
was Robert son and heir of Robert son of
Adam Moton. In the same year Robert
son of Robert Moton granted a messuage
and land called Falwelshalgh, Walter
Moton being a witness ; ibid. no. 293.
On the other hand in 1355 Robert son

of William Moton granted his manor of
Ribchester to William de Whalley (no
doubt as trustee), with all homages,
services and rents ; Kuerden fol. MS.
250.

Not long before (in 1353) Richard
Moton of Ribchester had settled his lands
on his daughter Agnes and her issue, with
remainder to William son of Robert
Moton, chaplain ; ibid. no. 299. William
Moton was a subdeacon in 1350; ibid,
no. 253. In 1361 his brother Robert,
here styled Robert son of Robert de Rib-
chester, released all his claim in the estate
of the above-named Richard Moton ; ibid,
no. 262. William was still living in 1408
(ibid. no. 256), and seems to have been
one of the chief promoters of the chantry
at the north side of the church, even if he
were not the true founder, and he was
specially named as one of those to be
prayed for; ibid. no. 364.

28 Katherine widow of Robert Moton
in 1361 released her claim for dower
against Katherine daughter of Robert
Moton ; Shireburne Abstract Bk.

39 Final Cone, ii, 185 ; the manor was
settled on William de Lynalx and Kathe-
rine his wife, with remainders to the issue
of Katherine, and in default to Richard
son of Alexander de Lynalx and his issue.
William de Lynalx occurs at Ribchester in
1369 ; Towneley MS. DD, no. 512. In
1386 he was to go to Ireland on the
king's service, but the protection was re-
voked as he did not go ; Cal. Pat. 13859}
pp. 156, 274.

A release of lands which had belonged
to Robert Moton was made to William de
Lynalx and Katherine his wife in 1395-6;
Shireburne Abstract Bk.

The Lynalx family occurs in Pember-
ton. The name is spelt in many ways ;
e.g. Linales, Lennox, &c.

80 Kuerden fol. MS. 247. As widow
she had made a feoffment of her lands in
1402 ; Shireburne Abstract Bk. She gave
all her lands to John her son in 1405 ;
ibid.

81 John son of William Lynalx made
Thomas Lynalx his attorney to receive
from his mother Katherine certain lands
in Ribchester; Towneley MS. C 8, 13,
L 259. It appears that Thomas was also
a son of William Lynalx, receiving from
his father land in Mayridding, &c., in Rib-
chester ; Towneley MS. DD, no. 516.
Richard son of John Bradley of Dodhill
was in 1408 pardoned for the death of
Thomas Lynalx of Ribchester ; Pal. of
Lane. Chan. Misc. 1/9, m. 33.

The next in possession was Thurstan
Lynalx, named in 1416 (Shireburne Ab-
stract Bk.) and in 1418, when a certain
William Hill, an idiot, was found to have
held of him land called Sprodpoolhey by a
rent of zzd.\ Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Chet. Soc.),
i, 130 ; Dep. Keeper's Rep. xxxiii, App. 14.
In 1421 Thurstan granted a messuage
in Ribchester to Christopher Hoghton ;
Towneley MS. DD, no. 1552.

John Lynalx occurs from 1430 on-
wards, and Richard Lynalx from about

1470. Thus in 1432 Thomas Southworth
held land in Ribchester of John Lynalx ;
Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Chet. Soc.), ii, 46. Again
in 1449 John regranted Richard Towneley
a parcel of land in Ribchester ; Add. MS.
32104, no. 1117. He was styled lord of
Ribchester in 1456 ; Shireburne Abstract
Bk.

Richard Lynalx in 1469 gave a lease to
Ellis and Edward Cottam, Cecily widow
of Thurstan Lynalx being apparently still
living ; ibid. Richard attested a deed in
1472 ; Add. MS. 32106, no. 485, fol. 328.
In 1491-2 he and Thomas his son and
heir-apparent were also witnesses ; Add.
MS. 32107, no. 1006. Richard, who in
1512-13 married Elizabeth widow of John
Elston of Ribbleton (Shireburne Ab-
stracts), occurs in inquisitions, &c., down
to about 1522. In 1516 he made a feoff-
ment of his messuages and lands in
Ribchester and Dilworth ; Kuerden fol.
MS. 246.

From various inquisitions (Robert Sin-
gleton and others) it appears that Thomas
Lynalx was lord in 1525, John Lynalx his
son (Shireburne Abstracts) in 1 5 30-40 and
Robert Lynalx in 1547 onwards. Isabel
widow of Thomas Lynalx had dower in
1536 ; Shireburne Abstract Bk. Robert
Lynalx in 1548 was one of the defendants
in a plea respecting chantry lands in Rib-
chester ; Ducatus Lane. (Rec. Com.), i,
225. In 1575 Robert is called son and
heir of John Lynalx when claiming Hall
heys, &c., in the manor of Ribchester
against John Talbot and Robert his bastard
son ; ibid, ii, 328 ; iii, 23, 29.

32 Pal. of Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 43,
m. 155. The Lynalx family do not appear
to have retained the whole manor, for in
1588 Hugh Shireburne purchased the
manor, with messuages, free fishery, &c.,
from John Talbot and his bastard son
Robert, whose wife Elizabeth also agreed ;
ibid. bdle. 50, m. 87. Two years later
still Hugh purchased the manor, with
messuages in Ribchester and Dilworth,
fishery in the Ribble, and the advowson of
the church, from John Squire ; ibid,
bdle. 52, m. 31. It does not appear how
these manors originated ; the latter vendor
may have had some claim through the
Lynalx family by purchase or descent.
The Talbot ' manor ' is named in Ducatus
Lane. (Rec. Com.), i, 304 ; iii, 228.

88 Neither pedigree nor inquisition is
known. They were styled 'gent.' not
' esq.' Their arms are given in Whitaker,
Whalley (ed. Nicholls), ii, 459 n.

84 Hugh Shireburne of Esholt in York-
shire left no sons, and in his purchase of
Ribchester may have been acting for his
father ; Sherborn, Family of Sherborn,
102-3.

Sir Richard Shireburne died in 1594
holding the manor, with messuages, water-
mill, &c., in conjunction with Hugh Shire-
burne ; the tenure was unknown ; Duchy
of Lane. Inq. p.m. xvi, no. 3. The Shire-
burnes seem to have had a tenement in
Ribchester much earlier than this ; sec
ibid, viii, no. 27.

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

same way as Stonyhurst 35 until 1831, when it was
sold to Joseph Fenton of Rochdale, and it has since
descended with Dutton. 36

A manor of Ribchester is named among the
Osbaldeston estates in l6z5. 37

A number of the neighbouring landowners had

estates in Ribchester, including Hoghton, 38 Single-
ton, 39 Southworth, 40 and Talbot. 41 Of the minor
families some used the local surname, 42 but the most
noteworthy was that of Boys, which can be traced
back to the I3th century. 43 John Boys died in
July 1551 holding three messuages and various lands

84 In 1593 the manor was settled on
Richard Shireburne (ton of Sir Richard)
and his heirs male, and as his son Henry
died without issue it went to his second
son Richard, aged thirty-seven, in 1628 ;
Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. xxvi, no. 4.
The tenure was unknown. The manor
is again named among the estates of
Thomas Duke of Norfolk and Mary his
wife in 1719 ; Pal. of Lane. Feet of F.
bdle. 284, m. 81. Also in later re-
coveries 1737 and 1777 (Weld).

36 Baines, Lanes, (ed. 1836), iii, 382.
Courts used then to be held twice a year,
in May and October. The court rolls
arc extant from 1821 only.

7 Pal. of Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 107,
m. 36. Sir Edward Osbaldeston, John
his ion and heir, and others were de-
forciants. No ' manor,' however, was
claimed at the death of Sir Edward or
of his son John, but only a messuage
called the Boathousefield in Ribchester,
the tenure of which is not stated ; Duchy
of Lane. Inq. p.m. xxvii, no. 15, 40.

88 This family's holding was of ancient
date, and some of their charters have been
cited in the account of the Moton family.

Sir Henry Hoghton in 1424 held lands
in Ribchester of the king as duke ; Lanes.
Inq. p.m. (Chet. Soc.), ii, 45. William
Hoghton held lands in 1500 of the king
by services unknown ; ibid, ii, 127. This,
or ' in socage by fealty,' was the usual
record in the later inquisitions.

89 Robert Singleton of Brockholes died
in 1525 holding a messuage, &c., in
Ribchester of Thomas Lynalx by a rent
of i$d. ; Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. vi,
no. 64. His son William held it in 1573
of Robert Lynalx by a rent of i6d. ; ibid.
xii, no. 34.

John Singleton of Chingle Hall held a
messuage of John Lynalx in 1530 ; ibid,
vi, no. 32. John Singleton held the
same of Robert Lynalx in 1571 ; ibid,
xiii, no. 1 6.

40 Thomas Southworth of Samlesbury
in 1432 held a messuage of John Lynalx ;
Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Chet. Soc.), ii, 46.
In 1502 it was found that the tenement
was held of Richard Lynalx by a rent of
id. ; Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. iii,
no. 41.

41 The Talbots may have succeeded the
Clithcroe family. Henry de Clitheroe
claimed land in 1292 as brother and heir
of Alice who had been wife of Adam de
Blackburn ; Assize R. 408, m. 1 8, 3 1 d.

Disputes afterwards arose between the
Blackburn and Clitheroe families ; Assize
R. 1299, m. 1 6 d. ; De Banco R. 152, m.
89. See also Final Cone, ii, 64 ; Lanes.
Inq. p.m. (Chet. Soc.), ii, 42.

Sir John Talbot of Salesbury held land
in Ribchester of Richard Lynalx in 1511 ;
ibid. 144. John Talbot in 1588 held
lands of the Crown, formerly the Hos-
pitallers ; ibid. 161. John Talbot had
made several purchases ; Pal. of Lane.
Feet of F. bdles. 37, m. 64 ; 39, m. 72 540,
m. 106.

42 The Ribchester family or families
have occurred in former notes. One of
the earliest named is Ellis, a clerk ; Final
Cone, i, 51. Richard de Turnley granted

part of his land in Turnley to William
on of Adam son of Ellis de Ribchester ;
Add. MS. 32106, no. 546. Richard son
of Ellis complained in 1292 that Master
Henry de Clayton was detaining a charter ;
Assize R. 408, m. 94. He claimed
reasonable estovers in the wood against
Thomas de Singleton ; ibid. m. 54 d. He
was perhaps the Richard de Ribchester,
clerk, who was non-suited in his claim
for a tenement against Richard son of
Adam de Ribchester and Adam de Lingard ;
ibid. m. 42.

Robert son of Ellis was concerned in
several suits of the same year. He com-
plained that Richard son of William de
Ribchester, Isabel his wife and William
his son had disseised him of a strip of
land, but was non-suited ; ibid. m. 49 d.
In 1313-14 Robert son of William son
of Robert son of Ellis de Ribchester
sought four messuages, 26 acres of land,
&c., against his elder brother Henry (a
minor), William de Livesey and William
son of Robert de Osbaldeston, alleging a
grant from his father, and succeeded ;
Assize R. 424, m. 2 d.

Roger son of William de Ribchester
gave land in Turnley to his son Richard ;
Kuerden MSS. iii, R. 9. Richard son of
Roger Willison in 1331 claimed land (by
grant of one Simon) against John son of
Richard Franceys and Amery his wife
(tenants in right of Amery, who was
sister and heir of Simon), and against
Adam son of Richard Franceys ; Assize
R. 1404, m. 26.

Simon son of Richard son of Ellis de
Ribchester made a grant to Henry Moton ;
Add. MS. 32107, no. 368. Diana widow
of Adam son of Simon released her dower
in certain land to William son of Richard
de Ribchester, who had purchased the
land from her daughters Margery and
Maud ; Kuerden fol. MS. 357. The seal
bore the inscription s' IORDA . . CLERICI.
John son of Richard son of Simon occurs
in 1340, when he gave lands to Roger de
Elston and Amabel his wife for life ;
Kuerden MSS. iii, R. 9. Roger son of
Roger de Elston was plaintiff in 1346,
Robert son of Robert Moton being de-
fendant ; Assize R. 1444, m. 7. The Elston
family occur later ; Kuerden, loc. cit.

Uctred son of Warine de Ribchester
gave land in Shippenley to Adam son of
Ellis de Ribchester ; ibid. Richard son
of Adam de Hurst in 1313 gave a moiety
of his land between Bolingbrook and
Shippenley Clough to William son of
Uctred de Ribchester; Add. MS. 32106,
no. 869. The grantee afterwards (1314)
gave his capital messuage (lying in Rib-
chester between John de Preston's land
and the Brendeyerd) to Henry son of
Beatrice de Kuerden ; ibid. no. 456,
fol. 323. William son of Uctred was
living in 1342 ; ibid. no. 260.

Thomas son of Orm in 1285 sought
a messuage and an oxgang of land against
Robert son of Ellis de Ribchester ; De
Banco R. 60, m. 83 d. The same Thomas
gave to Roger de Turnley a toft near
Shippenley Clough in 1316; Add. MS.
32106, no. 428, fol. 318.

Cecily daughter and heir of Richard

4 8

ion of William Atkokson in 1341 gave
to Henry de Ribchester, chaplain, all her
meadow in Exgangedoles in the Town
meadows; ibid. no. 289. To the same
Henry Roger son of William Atkokson
made a grant in Turnley ; ibid. no. 265.
Alice and Cecily, daughters of William
son of Richard de Ribchester, in the same
year granted to Adam son of Robert son
of Adam Moton a plat called the Fall,
lying between the outlanefrom Cornleyyeth
to Tillycarr and Robert Franceys' lands,
and between the outlane to Hothersall
and land of Robert son of William son of
Nicholas ; ibid. no. 429, fol. 318. John
son of William Atkokson occurs in 1 342 ;
ibid. no. 491 (fol. 329).

Robert son of William Ribchester in
1403 acquired the lands of Agnes wife of
Dawkin de Claughton and sister of Henry
Hodgson ; Kuerden fol. MS. 73. In
1421 Katherine widow of Robert Rib-
chester made a feoffment of the lands,
&c., she had had from her husband ; ibid.
357. Percival Ribchester and Robert his
brother occur in 1443-4 ; ibid. 87. In
1447 Percival gave land in the place called
Shorten to Robert Halgh ; Add. MS.
32106, no. 269. It maybe added that
Robert Halgh gave his lands to John
Talbot of Salesbury as trustee, and that
the latter's son John in 1474 released
them to John Halgh son of Robert ; ibid.
no. 278, 810. Robert son and heir of
John Ribchester occurs in 1539 ; Kuerden
fol. MS. 396.

John Ribchester in 1 542 gave his son
Richard the reversion of a house tenanted
by Robert Ribchester the elder, brother
of grantor ; ibid. 357. From an indenture
of 1588 it appears that Robert Ribchester's
lands, after two transfers, were acquired
by John Dcwhurst ; ibid. 384 ; Pal. of
Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 27, m. 67.

Of the other minor families some of
whom, as Shippenley, Hilliley, Turnley
and Franceys, have been named only occa-
sional notices are found. Alice daughter
of Thomas son of Roger de Shippenley and
her son Henry in 1306 claimed a mes-
suage and land against Adam the son and
heir of Thomas and Amabel the widow
of Thomas ; Assize R. 420, m. 5. Alice
daughter of Avice de Shippenley obtained
a judgement in 1358 against Henry de
Kuerden and Eva his wife respecting a
tenement in Ribchester ; Assize R. 438,
m. 3. For the Kuerden estate see Final
Cone, ii, 156. John de Hilliley gave his
son Robert the land of Stanlaw Abbey
except what he had given with Agnes his
daughter to Henry de Dutton ; Kuerden
MSS. iv, R. 14. Cecily widow of William
de Hilliley was complainant in 1358 ;
Duchy of Lane. Assize R. 6, m. 4 d. She
may have been the Cecily who in
1352 was wife of John son of Robert de
Turnley ; ibid. 2, m. I d. Richard le
Franceys was called to warrant William
son of Roger son of William de Ribchestei
in 1303, when Agnes widow of Richard
de Turnlache sought dower in certain
land ; De Banco R. 145, m. 171 d.

43 An early grant to Richard son of
Robert de Boys (Bosco) has been cited
above. A William son of Robert de

BLACKBURN HUNDRED

in Ribchester of Robert Lynalx in socage by a rent of
2s. 3^. 44 His daughter Grace, then aged twelve, was
first married to Robert Talbot, but separating from
him wls married to John Dewhurst of Wilpshire, 45
and carried the Boys' estate to this family. 46

Roger Shireburne of Buckley died in 1605 hold-
ing various lands of the king by knight's service, and
leaving as heir a son Richard, then aged six. 47
Buckley Hall, which stood about a mile to the
north-west of the town, was pulled down in 1895.
It was a picturesque gabled stone house with

RIBCHESTER

mullioned windows, but for some time before its
demolition had been spoiled externally by a thick
coating of whitewash. On the front was inscribed :

NEW BUCKLEY IS MY NAME,

RIC SHERBVRNE BVILT THE SAME

ANNO l662, AGED 6z. 48

The Walmsleys of Dunkenhalgh 4S and Showley 80
acquired estates, and other owners occur in the
inquisitions. 81 The late T. H. Rymer of Calder
Abbey inherited in 1902 a considerable estate here.

Boys had land in Dutton about 1250;
Add. MS. 32106, no. 133. John son of
Alexander de Boys in 1292 claimed a debt
from his brother Jordan ; Assize R. 408,
m. 98. In 1390-1 Cecily widow of
William de Healey and Cecily his
daughter and heir settled certain lands
in Ribchester with remainders to Nicholas
de Boys, Alice his wife, John son of
Robert de Turnley and Alice sister of
John ; Townley MS. C 8, 13 (Chet.
Lib.), R 70. Henry son of Nicholas
Boys was living in 1435 ; ibid. T 128.
John Boys was witness in 1403 ; Kuerden
fol. MS. 73. Robert brother and executor
of John Boys was plaintiffin 1445 ; Pal. of
Lane. Plea R. 8, m. 2. Ellis Boys of Rib-
chester found security for 20 in 1457 ;
Pal. of Lane. Chan. Misc. i/i, no. 50.

Lawrence Cottam of Garstang in 1488
released to John son of the late Henry
Boys his right in the lands, &c., recently
owned by Roger Elston in Ribchester ;
Kuerden fol. MS. 87. In 1520 John
Talbot of Salesbury granted Henry Boys a
messuage on lease (ibid. 397) ; and in
1524 Sir Thomas Southworth exchanged
lands in Ribchester for Henry's lands in
Mellor and Samlesbury ; ibid. 386. Henry
Boys made a feoffment 'of his lands, &c.,
in Ribchester (except Moton House) in
1543 ; Add. MS. 32104, no. 698.

44 Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. xi, no. 64.
He had also a tenement in Oswaldtwistle.
From later pleadings it appears that John
was the son and heir of Henry Boys.

44 The divorce was granted in or about
1562, because the marriage had taken
place in childhood without the consent of
Grace ; Furnivall, Child Marriages (Early
Engl. Text Soc.), 16. Robert Talbot and
others in 1563 became bound to William
Dewhurst of Wilpshire and John his son
to abide the award of an arbitration con-
cerning Boys House and other lands, &c.,
in Ribchester ; Add. MS. 32104, no. 714.
John Dewhurst and Grace his wife de-
mised a plat of land called Cockcroft to
Richard Watson in 1565 ; Kuerden fol.
MS. 95. They were still living in 1590,
when they made a feoffment of the
capital messuage called Boys House, &c. ;
ibid. Again, in 1599, they made a settle-
ment by fine ; ibid. 94.

There is a pedigree in the 1613 Visit.
(Chet. Soc.), 96 ; see also the account of
Wilpshire, and T. C. Smith, Ribchester,

2 3S-7-

4 * There were a number of suits before
the succession was settled. In 1565
Robert Talbot complained that, whereas
Boys House should be in his possession
in right of his wife Grace, the Dewhursts
had entered, and were cutting down
hedges, destroying ' the great timber
woods and underwoods,' &c. The de-
fendants alleged the divorce and new mar-
riage of Grace to John Dewhurst ; Duchy
of Lane. Plead. Eliz. Ixv, T 5.

In 1576 William Boys of Great FaMag

in Middlesex, son of Edward and grand-
son of Henry Boys, sought to recover
Boys House, the ferry over the Ribble
known as 'the ferry of Osboston,' &c.,
alleging that Grace, the child of his uncle
John Boys, was illegitimate. The de-
fendants stated that John Boys was
divorced from his first wife Anne Dew-
hurst before he was married to Alice
Rodes, and that it had been decided in
court in 1557 that Grace should enjoy the
Boys estate ; Duchy of Lane. Plead.
Eliz. xcix, B 1 8 ; cvi, 615; ccx, D 7.

William Dewhurst, son of John and
Grace, died at Ribchester in 1621 hold-
ing Boys House, &c., of Richard Shire-
burne ; Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Rec. Soc. Lanes,
and Ches.), ii, 284. The surname long
remained known in the township.

47 Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Rec. Soc. Lanes,
and Ches.), i, 58-61. The holding was a
composite one. Two messuages with
land called the Hagges were held of the
king as of his duchy of Lancaster by the
2ooth part of a knight'.! fee, a half
rood of land was held by the 3OOth
part of a fee, 2 acres called Sprodspool
by the 2ooth part, and the rest by the
twentieth part of a fee. A settlement is
recited, made by Richard Shireburne, the
father of Roger, in 1589-90, relating to
the capital messuage called Buckley, and
giving the names of fields, lanes, &c. as
Turnley, Chester gate and Kendal heys.

In the pedigree by Mr. C. D. Sherborn
(Fam. of Sherborn, 104-8) it is stated that
Richard the father was a son of Roger
Shireburne of Wolfhouse in Chipping,
and that Richard the son (who built New
Buckley in 1662) died in 1674 without
issue. It appears, however, that Richard
the father was a brother of Roger of
Wolfhouse (ibid. 57-9), for in 1554 a
settlement of an estate in Ribchester
which seems to be certainly that of Buck-
ley was made by Robert Shireburne and
Margery his wife in favour of their son
Richard. In default of issue the lands
were to go to Richard son of Sir Richard
Shireburne of Stonyhurst ; Pal. of Lane.
Feet of F. bdle. 15, m. 65.

Buckley is named in a 13th-century
grant by William Moton to Thomas son
of Ralph de Ribchester ; Towneley MS.
OO, no. 1210.

In the 1 8th century Buckley Hall was
tenanted by a family named Pye ; Smith,
op. cit. 253-6.

48 Smith, Hist, of Ribchester, 240.

49 Roger de Walmersley in 1360 had
lands in right of his wife Alice, who seems
to have been an Ellel ; Dep. Keeper's Rep.
xxxii, App. 343. Robert de Walmerlegh
alias Walmesleye of Ribchester received a
pardon in 1400-1 ; Pal. of Lane. Chan.
Misc. 1/9, m. 146.

In 1550 or later Alexander Walmsley
of Elston, Margaret his wife and Robert
and Thomas their sons acquired various
Innds, which seem to have passed to the

Dewhurst family; Add. MS. 32104,
no. 1128, 693, &c. ; Pal. of Lane. Feet
of F. bdle. 19, m. 64 ; 45, m. 169.

Thomas Walmsley, father of Sir
Thomas and Richard, purchased a mes-
suage, &c., from Richard Singleton and
Alice his wife in 1562; Pal. of Lane.
Feet of F. bdle. 24, m. 10. He added
other lands, more especially for his
younger son 5 but in 1 5 84, in the in-
quisition after his death, the tenure of his
estate in Ribchester is not recorded ;
Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. xiv, no. 72.
The son, Sir Thomas Walmsley of
Dunkenhalgh, at his death in 1612 held
his moiety of lands here in socage ; Lanes.
Inq. p.m. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.), i,
249, 252. The tenants' names are given.

In 1653 Dame Anne Lucas of Dunken-
halgh and Thomas son and heir of
Nicholas Walmsley of London sought
allowance of their title to a tenement in
Ribchester leased to Thomas Dewhurst
in 1597. Two-thirds had been seques-
tered for the recusancy of Leonard
Walmsley, deceased, husband of Eliza-
beth Dewhurst (one of the lives) ; Cal.
Com. for Comp. iv, 3 1 *-6.

50 Richard Walmsley of Showley
(brother of Sir Thomas) had part of his
father's lands ; his principal acquisition
was that of the Preston family's estate in
1593 ; Pal. of Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 55,
m. 92. He died in 1609 holding Fasten-
fields of the king by knight's service ;
Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Rec. Soc.), i, 149. This
had belonged to the Hospitallers.

At one time the family resided at
Ribchester, Richard Walmsley being
described as 'of Ribchester' when he
registered his estate as a ' Papist ' in
1717; Estcourt and Payne, Eng. Cath.
Non-jurors, loo. Part of their estate was
in 1867 given to the support of the alms-
houses ; End. Char. Rep.

61 In the earlier fines and pleadings
names of owners occur, but these have
usually to be recorded also in other town-
ships ; e.g. Dodhull and Hurst, 1335,
and Hayhurst, 1355 ; Final Cone, ii, 96,
147. Shaw of Elston held land in 1446 ;
ibid, iii, 1 1 2.

A small part of the land given to the
Hoghton chantry in 1407 was held of
Robert Townley by the rent of 2*.; Inq.
a.q.d. file 435, no. 26. Henry son ot"
Robert Townley had lands in Cliviger,
Ribchester and Dutton in 1420 ; Towne-
ley MS. DD, no. 2020. Alice widow of
John Anderton of Ribchester in 1453-4
leased her lands to John Towneley of
Birtwistle and afterwards sold them ;
Towneley MS. C 8, 13 (Chet. Lib.),
A 4 9, 50. Richard Towneley had landi
in the township in 1447 and 1473 ; ibid.
B 297, 301, 304. Richard Townley of
Dutton in 1618 held his lands in Rib-
chester and Dilworth of Richard Shire-
burne by 6d. rent ; Lanes. Inq, p.m. (Rec.
Soc. Lanes, and Ches.), ii, 137.

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

In 1524 Robert Walmersley and Henry Boys con-
tributed to the subsidy for their lands in Ribchester
and Dilworth. 82 In 1543 Robert Linalx, Henry
Boyes and Robert Walmsley the elder so contri-
buted. 63 John Rodes and Richard Ward were free-
holders in i6oo. 54 In the 1626 Subsidy Roll no
landowners are named ; John Osbaldeston was a
convicted recusant, and a large number paid as non-
communicants. 55 John Ward paid 10 on re-
fusing knighthood in 1 63 1. 56 The Civil War does
not seem to have affected any of the resident land-
owners, 57 but in 1717 two or three had to register
estates as * Papists.' 58

A rental of the wapentake compiled in l662 59
shows that Richard Shireburne paid zs. \d. for the
manor of Ribchester and is. for a house there ;
another Richard Shireburne paid il</. for Buckley,

Richard Ward 6</. for Ward Green, Richard Darwen
is. for Swinglehurst, William Dewhurst "]d. for
Boys House, Richard Dewhurst and Thomas Shaw 3^.
for Idesforth and Edward Walmsley ^d. for' Rodes
Mill. There were other tenants.

In 1354 Adam Bibby demised land in Ribchester
to William de Bradley, ferryman, who was to hold it
by paying I id. rent and ferrying men across the
river. If the men of the place should wish to build
a wood or stone bridge, then the rector of Rib-
chester or the lord of Osbaldeston might sell the lands
and apply the money to the bridge. 60 The date of
the building of the bridge is uncertain 61 ; the ferry
continued in use until 1903. The ferryman was
the occupant of Boathouse Farm, about half a mile
south-west of the church and opposite Osbaldeston
Hall on the other side of the Ribble. 62

Henry Preston of Preston died in
1549 holding land in Ribchester of the
king as of the late priory of St. John of
Jerusalem by a rent of 6d. ; Duchy of
Lane. Inq. p.m. ix, no. 19 ; x, no. 10.
The estate, including a fishery in the
Ribble, was sold in 1593 to Richard
Walmsley as above. A Preston family
is of early occurrence, for in 1292 Robert
son of Adam de Preston held the moiety
of a messuage and 40 acres in Ribchester
in right of his wife Margery ; they were
claimed by Margery the infant daughter
of Adam $on of Bernard de Ribchester ;
Assize R. 408, m. 1 5 d. Adam son of
Robert de Preston in 1313-14 claimed
messuages and lands against John de
Preston (apparently his son) and others ;
Assize R. 424, m. 2 d. Robert Preston
was in 1472-82 the feoffee of Alexander
Halgh's estate at Goddisbrook in Rib-
chester ; Add. MS. 32106, no. 270, 1016.

William son of Richard Blackburn was
in 1552 reputed to be an idiot. He had
sold his lands, and his father's heirs,
Roger Salebury and Ellen wife of Henry
Seed, put in a claim as kinsmen and heirs ;
they were aged twenty-six and forty
respectively, and Ellen was William's
sister ; Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. ix, no.
13 ; Pal. of Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 13,
m. 121. Both Blackburn and Seed are
names of long standing in the district.
William Blackburn had land there in
1443 ; Add. MS. 32106, no. 341. Robert
Seed in 1564 held three messuages, &c. ;
Pal. of Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 26, m. 125.
Robert Seed, senior and junior, were pur-
chasers in 1589 and John Seed in 1590 ;
ibid, bdles. 51, m. 212; 52, m. 40.
Roger Seed sold to William Charnley
' n I 577> an d the purchaser and his wife
Alice settled their lands in Ribchester and
Dilworth in 1579 ; ibid, bdles. 39, m. 55 ;
41, m. 123.

Hugh Ash's lands in Ribchester were
held of the Crown ; Duchy of Lane. Inq.
p.m. x, no. 35. See the accounts of
Aighton and Dutton. George Ash, the
son, appears to have sold his Ribchester
lands to Richard Walmsley; PaL of
Lane. Feet of F. bdles. 43, m. 143 ; 44,
m. 215.

Hugh Swansey of Chorley in 1566 held
a little land in Ribchester of Robert
Lynalx ; Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. xi, no.
29. John Swansey in 1548 had held
lands, &c., in Ribchester and Mellor, but
they seem to have been sold to John
South worth in 1559 ; Pal. of Lane. Feet
of F. bdles. 13, m. 190 ; 21, m. 96.

William Burley died in 1558 holding

a messuage of the queen by knight's
service and the rent of 21. %d. ; Robert
his son and heir was four years old ;
Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. xi, no. 57.
Robert died in 1617 holding as before
and leaving as heir a son William, forty
years of age ; Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Rec. Soc.),

i, 77-

George Newsham of Newsham in 1585
held a messuage, &c., in Ribchester of
Hugh Shireburne, younger son of Sir
Richard, by a rent of 6d. ; Duchy of
Lane. Inq. p.m. xiv, no. 88. Henry
Newsham held of Richard Shireburne in

1619 by the same rent ; Thomas his son
and heir was twenty-three years of age ;
Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Rec. Soc.), ii, 123.

Thomas Sowerbutts died in 1594
holding a messuage in Ribchester, for-
merly part of the chantry endowment ;
Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. xvi, no. 20.

The Halgh family has been named
several times in former notes. It appears
that Richard Crompton of Bury in 1 545
purchased four messuages and a water-
mill in Ribchester and Hothersall from
Nicholas and George Halgh ; Pal. of
Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 12, m. 199, 211.
The purchaser made a settlement of his
estate in 1556, the remainders being to
George (son of John) Harper of Radcliffe,
and to Richard (son of John) Crompton
of Prestall ; ibid. bdle. 17, m. 134. The
estate is very soon afterwards (1565)
found in possession of Thomas Green-
halgh, Jane his wife and Richard his son ;
ibid. bdle. 27, m. 42. See T. C. Smith,
Ribchester, 53.

Michael Clarkson died in 1615 holding
Whitecarr fall in Ribchester of Richard
Shireburne ; he bequeathed this to a
younger son John. William the son and
heir was only seven years old ; Chan.
Inq. p.m. dxx, 67.

M Subs. R. Lanes, bdle. 130, no. 82.

68 Ibid. no. 125.

54 Misc. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.),
i, 235 ; Smith, op. cit. 244.

John Rodes purchased a messuage from
Henry Preston in 1588 ; Pal. of Lane.
Feet of F. bdle. 50, m. 57. He died in

1 620 owning Halgh House in Ribchester
and other lands there of Richard Shire-
burne by 4$. rent ; also lands in Dutton,
Clayton-le-Dale and Preston ; Lanes.
Inq. p.m. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.), ii,
216. John his son and heir, then thirty
years of age, died in 1623, leaving two
daughters as co-heirs, viz. Ellen and
Margaret, aged four and three respec-
tively ; ibid, iii, 360. The Jauden House
was part of the estate.

Richard Ward was one of the pur-
chasers from William Blackburn the
idiot; Ducatus Lane, ii, 177, 219; iii,
1 20, &c. For the family see Smith,
op. cit. 256.

56 Subs. R. Lanes, bdle. 131, no. 317.
John Osbaldeston, described as of Rib-
chester, compounded for his recusancy in
1630 by paying 2 101. a year; Trans.
Hist. Soc. (new ser.), xxiv, 174.

M Misc. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.),
i, 218.

57 The estates of the Dewhursts,
Walmsleys and Talbots suffered.

58 Estcourt and Payne, op. cit. 91, 92.
They were Richard Traffbrd, brother of
John Traffbrd of Croston, and John
Higgison, miller.

*' In the possession of W. Farrer
(' Honor of Clitheroe ').

60 Towneley MS. OO, no. 1 508 ; the
' Maydya ford of Ribble ' is named.
Adam the Ferryman is known from a
much earlier deed ; he paid a rent of %d.
for his land to William son of Richard de
Dutton, who released it to Adam de
Blackburn ; Towneley MS. DD, no.
141, 1196.

The Bibby family is of frequent
occurrence. Richard son of Bibby was
in 1292 non-suited in a claim against
Robert son of Ellis de Ribchester respect-
ing certain lands ; Assize R. 408, m.
57 d. William son of Richard son of
Bibby attested a charter of about the
same time; Add. MS. 32106, no.
144.

Adam Bibby, no doubt the benefactor,
made claims for common of pasture in
1356 against Sir Adam de Hoghton and
others ; Duchy of Lane. Assize R. 5, m.
10 d. In the same year he granted to
John de Osbaldeston and William Moton,
chaplains, certain lands he had had from
William his father and John his brother,
lying in landoles in the field called Erley ;
Add. MS. 32106, no. 456 (fol. 323).
He had given a messuage to his brother
Thomas in 1354 ; ibid. no. 208.

The land for the ferry may be the
Boathouse field named in the Osbaldeston
inquisition already cited.

61 In 1669 an old bridge was replaced
by one destroyed in 1772 by a flood ;
the present one was built two years
later ; Smith, op. cit. 263.

62 Boathouse Farm was purchased from
the Warren heirs (de Tabley) in 1854 by
Jonathan Openshaw ; information of Mr.
James Openshaw, who adds that there
was formerly a ford a little above the
ferry.

BLACKBURN HUNDRED

The Hospitallers 63 and Whalley Abbey had lands
in Ribchester. 64

From the land tax return of 1788 it appears that
Mr. Walmsley and esquire Hinks were the chief
landowners. 65

An Inclosure Act for Chipping, Mitton and Rib-
chester was passed in l8o8, 66 and under it the
boundaries of the manors of Ribchester and Button
were fixed. 67

The parish church has been described. There is
a Church of England Evangelical Protestant Mission-
room in the town.

The history of the Congregational cause at Knowl
Green goes back to preaching begun at Lum Mills
in 1814, but afterwards discontinued, 68 and the
chapel, 1827-31, owes its rise to the zeal of an
artisan. A new chapel was built in i867. 69

Of the persistency of the Roman Catholic religion
in the township and district there are numerous
tokens. Various persons were presented to the Bishop
of Chester in 1622 as 'seducers and harbourers of
seminary priests.' 70 Again in 1635, when trade rivals
sought to check one John Cutler, a Ribchester shop-
keeper, they said he was ' by his confession a con-
victed recusant, an utter enemy of the blessed word
of God both in argument and life,' who ' commonly,
for the most part weekly, used to go to where priests
of his profession [were] harboured to say mass,' and
they wished him to be summoned before the assize
judges and required to take the oath of supremacy, to
discover ' whether there be in him any loyalty to his
majesty or not.' 71

James Standford, the benefactor, in 1695 left
500

for the maintenance of a good priest for ever at Stidd or Bailey
Hall Chapel, if times permitted that public service could there be
had ; otherwise to be for one who should serve in the country
two miles round about the places of Stidd and Bailey Hall ; and
he desired that the privilege of nominating one to enjoy the
benefice should remain to Mr. Tempest and Mr. Westby and
their families for ever, if they remained in the Catholic faith,
otherwise should redound to some eminent Catholic of good repute
in the said circuit ; provided that he whom they nominated
should be a very exemplary, virtuous, careful, vigilant and
sufficiently learned person, and that he should not be absent
from his flock for above two or three days and that only upon
extraordinary business 5 and he obliged him who enjoyed the
benefice to say four masses every year for him and his family. 78

The mission was served from Showley during the
times of proscription. It is worthy of note that in

RIBCHESTER

1706-10 some baptisms and marriages are entered in
the parish church registers as performed by a Roman,
Romish, or Papist priest. The present chapel of
SS. Peter and Paul, situated close to the boundary of
Stidd, was opened in 1789. The priest in charge
acts as chaplain to the adjacent almshouses. 73

DILWORTH

Bileuurde (for Dilewrde), Dom. Bk. ; Dileworth,
1227; Dillesworth, 1284; Dilleworth, 1292.

This township lies on the southern and western
slope of Longridge Fell, the altitudes ranging from
300 to 700 ft. above sea level. On the southern
border is a large reservoir of the Preston Waterworks.
The area of the township is 1,248 acres, 1 and there
was a population of 2,439 in 190 1. 2

The greater part of the little town of Longridge
lies in the extreme west corner of the township,
having a railway station, the terminus of a line from
Preston, opened in l84O, 3 and owned by the London
and North Western and Lancashire and Yorkshire
Companies. From the town two main roads branch
off, one to the north-east and east along the northern
side of the Fell, and the other to the east, along the
southern side. An intermediate road, on the same
side of the Fell, but much higher, is not much used.

Written Stone Farm, to the east of Longridge,
takes its name from a long stone inscribed :

RAVFFE RADCLIFFE LAID THIS
STONE TO LYE FOR EVER. A.fc, ^655.

It is at the entrance to the farmyard. There are
various legends connected with it. 4

The Longridge gild day is 10 August. 8
Longridge has been governed by a local board
since 1883 ; this has now become an urban district
council of nine members. The area includes the
township of Alston and Dilworth. Gas is supplied
by a local private company and water by the Preston
Corporation, which has several reservoirs in the
township.

Cotton-spinning and manufacture are carried on
to some extent. Nails are made and stone quarries
are worked. It is the stone trade, begun about
1830, which has caused the growth of Longridge. 6
A century ago there was a thriving besom trade. 7
There are several fairs for cattle, &c. The land is
mostly used for grazing.

68 The rental of 1609 shows that their
lands in Ribchester were then held by
Robert Burley (grandson of Robert, living
1 544), who paid is. %d. rent ; John
Rodes, zs. lid.; John Greenwood,
2s. zd. ; Richard Walmesley, Fastand-
field, u. 6d.j &c. ; Kuerden MSS. ii, fol.
132^. It was in 1544 that Richard
Crombleholme purchased Fastandfield,
land at Boys Bridge and other parts of
the Hospitallers' estate in Ribchester and
Dutton ; Pat. 36 Hen. VIII, pt. xvii.
He sold much of it in parcels.

The lands held by the Holts of
Gristlehurst perhaps included both
Hospitallers' and Whalley lands ; Duchy
of Lane. Inq. p.m. xxvi, no. 25.

64 The grants have been recited above.
In 1365 Robert de Kendal claimed from
Alice daughter of John Wilcockson, John
de Turnley and Cecily his wife acquit-
tance of the services demanded by the
Abbot of Whalley ; De Banco R. 421,
m. 157 ; 424, m. 266 d.

About 1 540 Geoffrey Dewhurst held
land in Ribchester at a rent of zs. id. ;
Whalley Couch, iv, 1242.

65 Returns at Preston.

6(5 48 Geo. Ill, cap. 79.

67 T. C. Smith, Ribchester, 70-1 ;
Lanes, and Ches. Rec. (Rec. Soc. Lanes,
and Ches.), i, 56 (award dated 1812)

68 Nightingale, Lanes. Nonconf. ii,
"3-

6 Ibid. 115-17.

An Anabaptist was living at Dilworth
in 1699, as appears by an entry in the
church registers.

70 Visit. P. at Chester Dioc. Reg.

71 Smith, Ribchester, 56. For the con-
victed recusants in Ribchester and Dutton
c. 1670 see Misc. (Cath. Rec. Soc.), v,
155-6.

73 End. Char. Rep. (Ribchester), 12.
His first trustees were Stephen Tempest
of Broughton and John Westby of Alston.
The bequest, at that time illegal, was
faithfully observed, though part of the

capital was lost. In 1844 Sir Charles
Robert Tempest claimed the right to
nominate a priest to serve Stidd Chapel,
and withheld the endowment from the
Bishop of Salford's nominees, until advised
by counsel that he had no right to do so.
' The trusteeship of the charity having
thus proved to involve no privilege,' the
legal estate was in 1884 transferred
to the Bishop of Salford and other
trustees.

73 Smith, op. cit. 210-13.

1 Including 33 acres of inland water.

2 Including Crumpax.

3 T. C. Smith, Longridgc, 42. It was
originally worked by horses, the first loco-
motive being used in 1848.

4 Ibid. op. cit. 27-30.

5 Ibid. 34. About 1 800 the festival
occupied two days, on one of which was a
horse race and on the other a foot race ;
ibid. 40.

6 Ibid. 44.

7 Ibid. 40.

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

In 1066 DILWORTH was a member
M4NOR of Earl Tostig's Preston fee, and was
afterwards given to Count Roger of
Poitou. 8 Its two plough-lands probably then in-
cluded Alston and Hothersall. It is not known how
Dilworth proper became not only separate but
merged in Ribchester, so as to be accounted merely a
hamlet of the central township and part of the
honor of Clitheroe. 9

From the scanty notices of the place it may be
gathered that it was held by Alan de Singleton about
1 200, and of him in moieties by the lord of
Ribchester and a local family or families. 10 The

former moiety was granted by William Moton of
Ribchester to Richard son of Alan de Singleton, 11
and seems to have become part of the main family
estate, being held in demesne. The lordship de-
scended regularly from Singleton to Banastre of
Bretherton, 12 Balderston and Harrington 13 and
Osbaldeston, 14 but was usually considered only a
moiety of the manor. 15 The second moiety was
acquired from Osbert de Dilworth by Adam de
Hoghton, 16 descending like Hoghton. 17 In 1566
Thomas Hoghton acquired the Osbaldeston estate in
Dilworth, 18 and thus became lord of the undivided
manor. 19 In 1772 it was sold by Sir Henry

* V.C.H. Lanes, i,

9 It was probably acquired by the Lacys
together with Ribchester, perhaps in 1 187,
but the manner is not certainly known.

10 This is inferred from the account of
Sir William Banastre's estate in a subse-
quent note.

11 William de Mutun granted to Richard
son of Alan de Singleton the whole moiety
of land and wood, hawks, honey and mill,
the bounds beginning opposite the Strid-
thorn by Thornley, down Longshaw
Brook to Dilworthsed Brook, up this to
the upper head of Dilworth, across to
Hothersall ; then by the boundaries of
Hothersall, Alston, Whittingham, Wheat-
ley and Thornley to the starting-point.
The grantor reserved to himself certain
easements, including mast fall, within
these bounds, as well as a rent of four
barbed arrows ; Kuerden MSS. iv, R 9.
Sir Robert de Lathom was the first
witness ; the others included Alan de
Singleton, William his son and Hugh de
Osbaldeston.

A Richard de Singleton is soon after-
wards (1246) found to be brother of some
religious house probably Cockersand ;
Final Cone. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.),
i, 103, 150.

This may be a grant of half the lord-
ship, but it was not the first acquisition
by the Singleton family, for Alan son of
Richard father of the above Richard
confirmed to Jordan le Blund (Albus)
half an oxgang of land in Dilworth, which
Adam de Stiholmes had formerly held of
Alan ; Add. MS. 32106, no. 395 (fol.
311). The same Alan granted to the
canons of Cockersand 4 acres and a toft
from his land in Dilworth, between Wite-
kerbrook and Cronkeshaw Brook, with
easements of his fee in the vill aforesaid,
for the souls of Robert and Roger de Lacy,
&c. ; Cockersand Chartul. (Chet. Soc.), i,
227.

In 1246 William de Hawksworth suc-
cessfully claimed land in Dilworth against
Richard son of Alan ; Assize R. 404,
m. 4 d. Richard son of Alan de Singleton
gave Richard son of Alexander de Pen-
wortham, chaplain, a toft in Dilworth, of
i perch in extent, on the west side of
Adam de Cartmel's house, at a rent of a
pair of white gloves ; Add. MS. 32106,
no. 100. As Richard de Singleton he
granted land touching Cronkeshaw Brook
to Adam son of Adam de Hoghton ; ibid,
no. 119. Bernard the clerk was a witness.

William son of Alan de Singleton
granted half an oxgang of land to Hugh
son of Siegrith daughter of Jordan le
Blund (Albus) of Dilworth, at a rent of
31. ; Towneley MS. DD, no. 1534.

12 The Singleton heiress Joan widow of
Thomas Banastre made a settlement of
her estate in 1303 ; Final Cone. (Rec.

Soc. Lanes, and Ches.), i, 201. In 1306
she allowed the beasts of Robert de Dil-
worth within her wood and pasture in
return for a rent of 6d. to be levied on all
Robert's tenements within Ribchester ;
Add. MS. 32106, no. 122.

Sir William Banastre in 1311 held one
plough-land in Dilworth of the heir of
Henry de Lacy by the rent of 2s. payable
on St. Giles's Day ; De Lacy Inq. (Chet.
Soc.), 17. Again in 1324 it was found
that William Banastre had died seised of
the hamlet of Dilworth, held of Thomas
Earl of Lancaster and Alice his wife by a
rent of zs. ; one half was in demesne and
the other in service ; Inq. p.m. 17 Ed w. II,
no. 45.

Sir Adam Banastre gave Adam de Yor-
drawes a messuage with curtilage abutting
on Longridge, another parcel on the High-
field, and another on the Greenhurst, all
in Dilworth ; Add. MS. 32106, no. 125.
This was probably the origin of the estate
of two messuages, &c., in Ribchester held
by Thomas de Yordrawes and Margery his
wife in 1383 ; Final Cone, iii, 17. Adam
Banastre in 1336 granted to Henry de
Kuerden of Ribchester and Alice daughter
cf Henry for life the lands in Whiteley
Fall in Dilworth they had had from John
and Nicholas sons of Sir Thomas Banastre;
Add. MS. 32106, no. 123, 679.

Lands in Dilworth were included in
Edward Banastre's estate in 1385 ; Lanes.
Inq. p.m. (Chet. Soc.), i, 16.

18 Dilworth occurs among the Balders-
ton manors ; Kuerden MSS. iii, B 3-7.
For the descent see the account of Bal-
derston ; also Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Chet. Soc.),
ii, 71. It was probably in right of this
descent that Sir William Harrington in
1466 granted lands in Ribchester to Roger
son of Nicholas Elston ; Kuerden MSS. iii,
R 9 .

Dilworth was among the manors granted
to Thomas first Earl of Derby after the
Harrington forfeiture 5 Lanes, and Ches.
Rec. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.), ii, 309.

In right of the Balderston inheritance
lands in Dilworth are named in the in-
quisitions of Thomas Earl of Derby,
Edmund Dudley, Osbaldeston, Radcliffe
of Winmarleigh and Gerard, but the
tenure is not separately recorded.

14 On the partition of the Balderston
manors in 1565 Dilworth was allotted to
John Osbaldeston ; Pal. of Lane. Plea R.
216, m. 10.

16 This is evident from the grants to
Ravenshaw quoted below.

16 This is inferred from the tenure as
recorded later. Osbert would hold of
Singleton and he of the Earl of Lincoln.
One grant has been preserved by which
Osbert de Dilworth gave Adam de Hogh-
ton land within bounds, beginning at the
Sandy way and including the Carr, Hurst,

Greenlache and High Way ; to be held by
a rent of it,d. and a pair of white gloves ;
Add. MS. 32106, no. 1 20. Richard le
Boteler, then sheriff (? 1243), was a
witness. Osbert le Blund (Albus) after-
wards released to Adam the service speci-
fied ; ibid. no. 313.

Adam son of Adam de Hoghton about
the same time released to Alan de Single-
ton the lands formerly Osbert le Blund's
(Blundi) ; ibid. no. 116.

In 1227 a partition was made of an
oxgang of land and three-quarters between
Avice widow of William Brun, Robert
Plumb and Cecily his wife on one side
and Robert son of Ulfy on the other,
whereby the last named obtained a moiety
to be held of Avice and Cecily and their
heirs at a rent of zzd. at St. Giles's Day,
of which zid. was due to the chief lord ;
Final Cone, i, 53. Maud daughter of
Robert Plumb and Cecily his wife released
to Adam de Hoghton any claim she might
have in Adam's land in Dilworth ; Add.
MS. 32106, no. 118.

William son of Richard de Singleton
released to Adam de Hoghton all claim in
his father's lands within Dilworth ; ibid,
no. 279.

Thomas de Singleton and Adam de
Hoghton in 1291, as lords of the vill and
soil of Dilworth, complained of encroach-
ments by Robert son of Ellis de Ribchester,
Richard Franceys, Robert de Anyetehalgh,
Robert the Eyre and others, and recovered ;
Assize R. 407, m. i d. There were some
counterclaims the following year ; ibid.
408, m. 12 d. The same lords, in con-
junction with Katherine widow of Alan
de Singleton (father of Thomas) and then
wife of Thomas de Clifton, and Agnes
widow of Adam de Hoghton were in 1292
sued by Robert de Pocklington, rector of
Ribchester, for having disseised him of an
eighth part of certain wood, moor and
heath in Dilworth ; ibid. m. 63, i8d. It
would seem from this that the rector of
Ribchester held i oxgang of land in
Dilworth.

Sir Henry Hoghton was in 1425 found
to have held a moiety of the manor of
Dilworth of the heirs of Osbert de Dil-
worth ; Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Chet. Soc.),
ii, 12.

17 The later Hoghton inquisitions
merely state that the lands in Dilworth
were held of the king as duke by services
unknown or in socage ; e.g. Duchy of
Lane. Inq. p.m. iii, no. 66 ; xxvii, no. 13.

is Pal. of Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 28,
m. 1 86. The ' manor ' is not named, the
estate being described as twenty messuages
and various lands in Dilworth and
Haighton.

19 The manor of Dilworth is named in a
Hoghton settlement of 1585 ; ibid. bdle.
57, m. 178.

BLACKBURN HUNDRED

Hoghton and Frances his wife to William Shaw the
younger. 80 The present lord is stated to be Mr.
William Cross of Red Scar in Grimsargh.

In 1357 the tenants of Dilworth and those of
Ribchester arrived at a settlement of various disputes
as to the wastes and common rights. 21

Few of the minor landowners' names occur, but
some of those in Ribchester seem to have held in this
township also. The Knights Hospitallers had some
land. 28 Dilworth 23 and Moton, 24 Catterall' 5 and
Ravenshaw, 26 have left some record of themselves. 17
Later the Cottam family, who seem to have had the
mill, became prominent. 28 Of this family was the
B. Thomas Cottam executed for his priesthood

RIBCHESTER

in I58z. 29 Whitacre is named as if it were a
hamlet. 80

In 1788 the principal owners were John Cottam,
double assessed for his religion, Margaret Wharton
and William Bowen.

Longridge Church is in Alston ; it has a chapel of
ease in Dilworth, St. Paul's, built in 1890.

The Wesleyan Methodists opened their first chapel
in 1836. It was called Mount Zion, and situated on
the Alston side of the boundary. The present chapel
was built in 1884-5." The Particular Baptists had a
Sunday service in l888. M The Congregationalists
began to hold meetings in 1860, the minister of
Knowl Green leading ; the chapel was built in

20 Pal. of Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 387,
m. 114.

21 Add. MS. 32106, no. 763. Sir
Adam de Hoghton, Thomas son of Sir
Adam Banastre, William de Hornby,
rector of Ribchester, Robert de Singleton
the elder, Richard de Catterall and Richard
de Knoll are the tenants of Dilworth
named ; those of Ribchester including
William de Whalley, Adam Bibby, Henry
de Kuerden, Robert Moton, Simon de
Preston. Ribchester is called a vill and
Dilworth a hamlet.

22 Alan son of Richard de Singleton
confirmed his father's gift of 4 acres to
the hospital of St. Saviour under Long-
ridge and the brethren there serving God.
The land was between Cronkshaw Brook
and Whitacre Brook ; Dugdale, Man.
Angl. vi, 686. See the account of Stidd.

23 In 1284 it was found that Juliana
widow of Hugh de Dilworth had died
seised of two-thirds of a messuage and
land in Dilworth, tenanted by Margery
daughter of Hugh. Richard son of Hugh
and Juliana seems to have been the plain-
tiff. The tenant called the Prior of St.
John to warrant her; Assize R. 1265,
m. 4.

Uctred de Dilworth granted to his son
William lands held of Sir Adam de
Hoghton; Add. MS. 32106, no. 109.
A rent of 6d. was due to the Hospitallers.

Margery daughter of Adam de Dilworth
gave lands to Sir Richard de Hoghton in
1339 ; ibid. no. 113.

24 This seems to have been a junior
branch of the Moton of Ribchester family.
In 1344-5 Thomas son of Gilbert son of
Alan de Singleton claimed portions of
land in Dilworth against Robert son
of Adam Moton and Henry and William
his sons, against Adam de Dilworth the
younger and Margery his wife, and
against Henry son of Beatrix de Kuerden ;
De Banco R. 339, m. 109 ; 344, m. 162.
The plaintiff was a minor.

Sir Adam Banastre had in 1331 given
the third part of his approvement in
Hesmundehalgh to Henry son of Robert
Moton of Ribchester and William his
brother ; Add. MS. 32106, no. 87.

25 Richard de Catterall of Whittingham
and Isabel his wife gave lands in Dil-
worth, &c., to their son Alan in 1369 ;
Add. MS. 32106, no. 96-7.

26 Adam de Eller in 1327 gave all his
land in Osbern riding to Adam Chyry of
Ribchester; Add. MS. 32106, no. 102.
William son of Adam Chyry gave it to
John son of John de Ravenshaw in 1355;
ibid. no. 86. From this deed it appears
that the land had earlier been granted by
Alan son of William de Singleton to his
daughter Agnes.

William son of Hugh son of Hugh
de Dilworth granted land to Randle de

Singleton and Mabel his wife in 1343 ;
ibid. no. 99. Margaret widow of Thomas
de Knoll and daughter of Randle de
Singleton in 1358 granted her land in
the high field of Dilworth together with
half a messuage to the above John son of
John de Ravenshaw ; ibid. no. 126, 106.
The same John and Ellen his wife in
1376 obtained other grants from the lords
of the manor, Sir Adam de Hoghton and
Sir Thomas Banastre ; ibid. no. 90, &c.
In 1386 Ellen de Ravenshaw his widow
held his lands, with remainders to his
daughters Agnes, Christiana, Isabel and
Margaret ; ibid. no. 83.

27 Edward Radcliffe in 1617 had lands
in Dilworth and Alston, held of Sir
Richard Hoghton ; Henry, his son and
heir, was of full age ; Lanes. Inq. p.m.
(Rec. Soc.), ii, 52. Ralph Radcliffe of
the ' Written Stone ' was probably a
successor.

28 In 1466 Henry son of Sir Richard
Hoghton granted to William Cottam of
Alston and his sons Ellis and Edmund
certain land in Dilworth for their lives,
the lease to begin at his father's death ;
Add. MS. 32106, no. 94. Uctred
Cottam appears in 1483 ; ibid. no. 98.
Uctred and Robert his son and heir made
a feoffment of their messuages, lands and
water-mill in the same year ; ibid.no. 92.
Uctred's wife Ellen, perhaps a second
wife, appears in the same year ; ibid.
no. 103. Their lands seem to have been
given to Lawrence son of Edmund Cottam
in 1503 and 1511 ; ibid. no. 105, 107,
&c. From Lawrence Cottam Sir Richard
Hoghton purchased in 1529, and Robert
cousin and heir of Uctred Cottam
(perhaps a grandson) released his right at
the same time ; ibid. no. 89, 101.

One branch of the family recorded a
short pedigree in 1613 ; Visit. (Chet.
Soc.), 100.

Lawrence Cottam, Dorothy his wife
and Thomas his son made a settlement
in 1605 ; Pal. of Lane. Plea R. 296,
m. 2 d. Lawrence died in 1619 holding
a messuage and land of Sir Richard
Hoghton by a rent of 21. ; Lanes. Inq.
p.m. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.), ii, 115.
Thomas his son and heir, then thirty
years of age, died two years later holding
the same estate and leaving as heir his
son Thomas, aged fifteen ; ibid, ii, 232.
These Cottams were of High House ; some
further particulars of them will be found
in Smith's Ribchester, 2423, from which
it appears that Lawrence Cottam, who
was fined for recusancy in 1667 and 1680,
died in 1682. His son and heir, also
Lawrence, registered his estate as a
' Papist ' in 1717; he had a leasehold
house valued at 27 a year ; Estcourt
and Payne, Engl. Cath. Non-jurors, 106.

The Cottams of Knowl Green had a

house at one time called Dilworth Hall
and now the manor-house ; for an account
of them see Smith, op. cit. 243. John
Cottam of Ribchester paid ^10 on refusing
knighthood in 1631 ; Misc. (Rec. Soc.
Lanes, and Ches.), i, 218. The lands of
Richard Cottam of Dilworth were ordered
to be sold by the Parliament in 1652 ;
Index of Royalists (Index Soc.), 42. A
later John Cottam (son of Ellis), as a
' Papist,' registered his small estate at
Ribchester, Dilworth and Wrightington
in 1717 ; Estcourt and Payne, op. cit. 91.

John Walmsley also registered a small
estate ; ibid. 104.

29 Thomas Cottam, brought up as a
Protestant, was educated at Brasenose
Coll., Oxf. (M.A. 1572), and taught a
school in London. Here he was recon-
ciled to the Roman Church and then
went abroad, his desire being to preach
the Gospel in the East Indies. Being
rejected by the Jesuits on account of ill-
health, he returned to the seminary at
Rheims, was ordained priest and sent on
the English mission in 1580. On land-
ing at Dover he was recognized from the
report of a spy, arrested and imprisoned.
He was racked and tortured in the Tower,
b'ut remaining constant was at last exe-
cuted at Tyburn 30 May 1582, together
with four other priests. One of these
was B. Lawrence Richardson or Johnson
of Great Crosby. Cottam was allowed to
hang till he was dead. His beatification
was allowed by Leo XIII in 1886. See
Gillow, Bill. Diet, of Engl. Cath. i, 5 74 ;
Pollen, Acts of Martyrs, 280, 373 ;
Challoner, Miss. Priests, no. 15. He is
claimed as a Jesuit in Foley, Rec. S. /. vii,
174 (portrait).

80 Adam son of Adam de Morca of
Euxton and Ellen his wife in 1309
granted Isabel daughter of Jordan de
Dutton clerk all their land in Whitacre
in the hamlet of Dilworth ; Add. MS.
32106, no. 91. Roger son of Thomas
Topping and John son of Roger de Bolton
in 1318 granted land in Whitacre to
William the Tailor, son of Henry Moton ;
ibid. no. 84, 95. Six years afterwards
Henry Moton in exchange for this land
gave his son William the Newhey in
Ribchester, obtained from Robert Moton ;
ibid. no. 85.

In 1357 Richard son of Adam de Rib-
chester acquired a messuage and land in
Whitacre and Dilworth from John de
Turnley and Cecily his wife ; Final Cone.
ii, 152.

81 T. C. Smith, Longridge, 80 ;
A. Hewitson, Our Country Churches, 103
the old chapel.

82 Smith, ibid.

33 Ibid. 78 ; Nightingale, La. Nonconf.
ii, 117, where it is recorded that efforts
had been made to establish a church in

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

The Roman Catholic church of St. Wilfrid was
opened in 1886 ; it had been preceded by a smaller
building, now the school, in 1869. The mission
was an offshoot from Alston Lane. The church
possesses the head of an old processional cross, found
in the neighbourhood about i83O. 84

BUTTON

Dutton, 1258 and usually. Ditton is found very
rarely. Dunton occurs 1289.

This township includes the extra-parochial place or
chapelry of Stidd, formerly belonging to the Knights
of St. John of Jerusalem. The area of the whole is
1,898^ acres, 1 of which Stidd has 752. The popu-
lation in 1901 numbered 229.

The land slopes down from nearly the highest point
of Longridge Fell, over i, I oo ft., to the Kibble, i oo ft.
above the ordnance datum, the length in this direction,
from north to south, exceeding 3 miles. Starling
Brook, on the east, divides it from Aighton, and Stidd
Brook, on the west, from Ribchester, while Dutton
Brook flows south through a wooded valley in the
centre to join the Ribble. Stidd proper is in the
south-west corner of the township, and its district
stretches north along the western border for some

distance, St. John's Well being nearly a mile to the
north ; then it extends across the township as far as
the eastern border, and returns to the west. There
are four small detached portions at the south end of
Dutton and one in the north end. In the north end
also is a detached part of Aighton, Bailey and
Chaigley, known as Lennox's Farm. In recent times
these anomalous boundaries have been removed for
local government purposes.

Ribchester Bridge is in this township ; it provides
a passage between Longridge and Ribchester on the
north and Blackburn on the south. Another road
from Ribchester turns to the north through the
township, passing Dutton Hall and Pan Stones, to
join the road from Longridge to Mitton. It continues
north through Huntingdon to join the higher road
between the same places.

In 1066 DUTTON was probably a
MANORS part of Ribchester, not having a separate
record in Domesday Book, but in 1102
it was given, as one plough-land, to Robert de Lacy by
Henry I.* From that time it became a member of
the honor of Clitheroe, and the land was held by a
number of tenants. The immediate lordship of the
manor seems to have been held by a family using the
local surname, 3 from whom it passed to a younger
branch of the Claytons of Clayton-le-Dale about 1 2 go. 4

Longridge in 1816 and again in 1830.
Also Hewitson, op. cit. 101.

34 Smith, op. cit. 73. While an old
house was being pulled down a boy play-
ing about found the cross and some other
religious objects on a ledge. The church
also possesses a carved oak chair made
for John Towers, Bishop of Peter-
borough, 1631. See also Hewitson, op.
cit. 99.

1 1,908 acres, including 24 of inland
water; Census Rep. 1901. The addition
of Lennox's Farm accounts for the differ-
ence of area.

* Farrer, Lanes. Pipe R. 382. It was
given together with Aighton and Chip-
pingdale. There is but little evidence of
the dependency upon Clitheroe, but in
1258, after the death of Edmund de Lacy,
it was found that Dutton paid 5.1. to the
lord ; Lanes. Inq. and Extents (Rec. Soc.
Lanes, and Ches.), i, 217.

8 As the deeds of the Dutton and
Clayton families do not seem to be known,
and as few references occur in the
pleadings, only a very imperfect account
can be given of the descent of the
manor.

Uctred de Dutton granted land to Ellis
son of Leising within bounds including
Netherhalgh, Overhalgh, the Crook and
Wilmescroft ; Add. MS. 32106, no. 172.
Swain de Hothersall and Benedict de
Dutton were among the witnesses.

Richard son of Uctred de Dutton gave
lands to Lambert de Anderton and his
heirs by Avice de Cundecliffe, the bounds
of which name Horsegate and Rakedenes-
cliff? ibid. no. 133. It may be added
here that Lambert's son Thomas was
surnamed 'de Dutton,' and acquired
various lands in the township ; he was
living in 1292 ; ibid. no. 132, 153, 188.
Richard de Dutton occurs in 1241 ; Final
Cone. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.), i, 79.
In 1249 Hugh Gogard claimed 2 oxgangs
of land in Dutton against Richard de
Dutton and another oxgang against
Richard son of Vivian, but all three were
acknowledged to be the right of Richard

de Dutton ; ibid, i, 97. Richard son of
Uctred de Dutton and Alice his wife
granted lands to Sawley Abbey ; the
bounds of one portion name Redisnape,
Huuerbeleisick and Huntingdon Brook ;
the other portion was in his wood, near
'the great stonyway' ; Harl. MS. H2,
fol. 78^. Other grants by Richard son
of Uctred are in Kuerden MSS. ii, fol. 217;
Add. MS. 32107, no. 1476-7.

Richard de Dutton and William his
son were among the witnesses to a grant
of land in Withinlache in the upper head
of Dutton Holme, made by Adam son of
Henry de Blackburn in 1256-7 to Robert
de Cunliffe; Towneley MS. DD, no.

J793-

William son of Richard de Dutton
confirmed his father's gifts to Sawley ;
Harl. MS. 112, fol. 78*. As William
de Dutton he granted to Jordan the
Clerk son of William de Stainburgh,
clerk, these lands : A piece the bounds
of which began at the outlane (via
exitus\ followed the new ditch which
Geoffrey son of Godith made, as far as
Dodhill Brook, with all holmes (holmis) ;
part of Broadridding, on the east side of
the high road to Lancaster ; and the toft
which had belonged to Robert son of
Ellis de Ribchester ; to be held by a rent
of 3^. ; ibid. no. 173. Jordan the Clerk
occurs down to about 1320. To him
Robert son of William de Dutton con-
firmed the 'old garden' given by his
father ; ibid. no. 144. The same Robert
gave Jordan de Dutton, clerk, and Emma
his wife five ridges in the Heys between
land of Henry de Clayton and land held
in dower by the grantor's mother, Emma
widow of William de Dutton ; ibid,
no. 167. Further, in 1309 he released
his right in the land to Jordan and his
heirs by Emma formerly his wife ; ibid.
no. 142. It may be added that Jordan
had a son Thomas and a daughter Avice
or Alice ; to the son in 1321 he gave the
Old Orchard and land in Stonyfurlong ;
ibid. no. i6<;. About the same time he,
his son and his daughter made various

grants to Richard son of Amery and Alice
his wife ; ibid. no. 163, 166, 148.
Richard son of Ellis de Ribchester com-
plained in 1290 that Jordan the Clerk of
Dutton had disseised him of a tenement
in the township ; Assize R. 1288, m.
12.

It appears that Robert de Dutton was
living in 1316 ; Add. MS. 32106, no. 149.
His son William seems to have been in
possession a year later; ibid. no. 141.
There was another son Thomas ; ibid.
no. 1 34. William son of Robert de
Dutton in 1321 claimed a tenement in
Dutton against William son of William
de Dutton ; De Banco R. 237, m. 72 d. ;
240, m. 261.

The elder William de Dutton (father
of Robert) was defendant in 1279 ; De
Banco R. 30, m. 33d. He was perhaps
living in 1292, when Adam son of Richard
de Entwisle recovered seisin of certain
land against William de Dutton and
Robert son of Robert de Halghton ;
Assize R. 408, m. 52. It appeared that
William had enfeoffed one Alimun, whose
daughters Avice and Agnes married re-
spectively Roger de Ribchester and John
de Whittingham, and forfeited the tene-
ment to Robert de Halghton. William
son of William de Dutton occurs down
to 1340; he had a son Thomas; Add.
MS. 32106, no. 140, 156.

4 The alienation of the manor was made
by William de Dutton, for his son Robert
released to Henry de Clayton all right in
the vill of Dutton, 'which my father gave
to the said Henry'; Add. MS. 32106,
no. 129.

Henry was probably the son of Ralph
de Clayton who together with his father
attested a Dutton charter about 1250;
ibid. no. 133. In 1292 he released to
Jordan the Clerk 8</. out of the gd. rent
due from land on Broadridding, and
the meadow which Jordan had by the
grant of Adam de Blackburn ; ibid. no.
161.

Henry's sons appear to have had Dutton,
but the Huddleston family, who succeeded

Q
Cfl

BLACKBURN HUNDRED

The inquisition after the death of Ralph de Clayton
(1324) was taken in 1329, when it was found that
he had held lands in Button of the honor of the
castle of Clitheroe by the service of 5/. yearly ; there
were a capital messuage worth \zd. a year ; 30 acres
of land, worth 6d. each ; a pasture, zs. 6d. ; an acre
of meadow, I zd. ; rents of free tenants amounted to
6s, 6d. Henry the son and heir of Ralph was thirty
years of age and more. 43

In the Clayton family the manor descended regu-
larly, 41 " coming about 1400 to the Belfields of Clegg
in Rochdale. 8 From their heirs the manor was
acquired in or about 1578 by Sir Richard Shireburne
of Stonyhurst, 6 and descended in due course to

RIBCHESTER

Thomas Weld, who became a cardinal in 1829, and
in 1831 sold Button to Joseph Fenton of Bamford
Hall, a manufacturer and banker of Rochdale. 7 Mr.
Fenton, who also purchased the adjacent manors of
Bailey and Ribchester, died in 1 840,8 and was suc-
ceeded by his son James, who in turn at his death in
1857 was succeeded by his eldest son, also named
James. He died in 1902, the present lord of the
manor of Button being his eldest surviving son,
Mr. Robert Kay Fenton, born in 1853. No courts
have been held for a long time.

After the decay of the Claytons the principal family
in the township was that of Townley, appearing about
I38o. 9 Their estate is of uncertain origin. John

to Clayton-le-Dale, also had rights in
Button, as appears by various pleadings ;
De Banco R. 272, m. 20, &c. In 1314
Adam de Huddleston, lord of Billington,
made an exchange of lands in the Halgh
with Jordan the Clerk ; Add. MS. 32106,
no. 187.

Henry de Clayton left sons Ralph and
Philip, of whom the former was living in
1322 and the latter in 1340 ; ibid. no. 138,
158. Henry gave to Philip his son
Hordischale or Longridge in Ribchester,
Milnholme in Dutton, Colicroft, and the
service (13^.) of John de Huntingdon ;
Towneley MS. DD, no. 1 178. Ralph de
Clayton in 1308 granted to William son
of William de Dutton a plat of his waste ;
Add. MS. 32106, no. 174. In 1311 it
was found that Ralph held his tenement
as of the dower of the Countess of Lincoln,
doing suit to the court of Clitheroe from
three weeks to three weeks ; De Lacy Inq.
(Chet. Soc.), 1 8.

Philip gave some land in Hayhurst in
1297 to Robert de Clitheroe, clerk;
Towneley MS. OO, no. 1 206. In 1 3 1 8-1 9
he granted land in Seedcroft to Richard
on of Amery and Alice his wife ; Add.
MS. 32106, no. 989. In 1338 four
messuages with land, meadow, and
wood in Dutton and Bailey were settled
upon Philip de Clayton, Isabel his wife
and Robert their son ; Final Cone, ii,
109. See the account of Towneley for
the Clayton-Towneley connexion.

In 1321 William son of Robert de
Dutton appears to have made an attempt
to regain his grandfather's lands, at least
in part. Against Ralph de Clayton and
Sarah his wife he claimed 20 acres of
land, &c., and 10*. o\d. rent in Dutton,
which William de Dutton gave to Robert
de Dutton, Agnes his wife and their issue ;
De Banco R. 24.0, m. 138 d. He made
other claims against John son of William
de Greenhill, Agnes his wife and Margery
widow of Adam de Greenhill, also against
Jordan the Clerk; ibid. m. n5d. He
was eventually (1324) non-suited; ibid.
250, m. 2.

** Inq. p.m. 3 Edw. Ill (ist nos.),
no. 39.

Ralph de Clayton died during 1324,
for in Trinity term in that year Henry de
Osbaldeston and Isabel his wife claimed
the fulfilment of an agreement made with
him in 1320 concerning a messuage and
lands in Dutton. Ralph had died and
Henry his son had entered into possession.
Henry appeared, alleging a grant from
Henry de Clayton to his son Ralph and
Alice his wife, their son and heir being
Henry the defendant ; ibid. 252, m.
158 d. The dispute went on some little
time (Assize R. 426, m. 2 d.), but was
concluded in 1328 by an agreement be-

tween Henry de Clayton and Margery his
wife with Henry de Osbaldeston and
Isabel; Add. MS. 32106, no. 191.

4b One of Henry de Clayton's early acts
(1330) was to make a release to the free
tenants of Dutton Huntingdon, of com-
mon of pasture in the vill ; Add. MS.
32107, no. 1497. Henry was in 1337
called lord of Dutton, being said to hold
the whole vill of the Lady Isabella, queen
of England, mother of the king, as of her
manor of Clitheroe, by the service of 4*.
yearly ; Inq. p.m. 1 1 Edw. Ill (2nd nos.),
no. 10. The tenure was stated a little
differently in 1362, when Henry held it of
the Earl of Lancaster by thegnage service
and 5*. yearly ; Inq. p.m. 36 Edw. Ill,
pt. ii (2nd nos.), no. 45.

Henry de Clayton seems to have lived
for a few years after this, being named in
1366. Cecily widow of Adam de Clitheroe
in 1346 made a claim against Henry and
Ralph his son, and there were cposs-suits ;
Assize R. 1435, m. 31, 15. In 1349
Henry granted his son Adam a house and
garden formerly held by Alice daughter of
Ralph de Clayton, and five ridges in
Dutton Heghes, with remainders to other
sons John, Hamlet and Ralph ; Add.
MS. 32106, no. 175. In 1357 Henry's
feoffees regranted him his lands and manor
in Dutton ; ibid. no. 162. Again in
13643 similar refeofi'ment was made to
Henry son of Ralph de Clayton of the
manor of Dutton, with the services of all
the free tenants (except for lands of Cecily
widow of Nicholas Moton), with re-
rminder to Henry son of John de Clayton ;
ibid. no. 194.

This Henry son of John was no doubt
the grandson of the elder Henry. In 1376
he granted his right in a plat of meadow
between land formerly belonging to Philip
He Clayton and to Nicholas Moton ; ibid.
no. 150. Five years later he released his
right in a moiety of land called Hayre-
wasbank, Highacre and Stubbing ; ibid.
no. 177.

Thomas son of Henry de Clayton was
in possession in 1388, when he granted
land in the Milncroft ; ibid. no. 139.
Thomas died in 1393 holding a messuage
and lands in Dutton of the Duke of Lan-
caster by the service of t,s. yearly at the
feast of St. Giles. Ellen his daughter and
heir was only five years old ; Lanes. Rec.
Inq. p.m. no. i, 2.

5 The descent in the I5th century is
unknown. In 1445-6 the heir of Ellen de
Clayton held the manor in socage ; Duchy
of Lane. Knights' Fees, bdle. 2, no. 20.
The manor does not seem to be mentioned
again until 1572, when it was part of the
inheritance of the Belfields of Clegg ; Pal.
of Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 34, m. 98 ;
38, m. 40. See the account of Clegg

in Butterworth, and Fishwick, Rochdale,
353-

6 The manor of Dutton was included in
a Shireburne settlement in 1579 ; Pal. of
Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 41, m. 199. Earlier
Shireburnes were stated to hold lands in
Dutton of the Abbot of Whalley in socage;
Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. iv, no. 46, &c.
Their ancestor John de Bailey had held of
the heir of Henry de Clayton in 1391 ;
Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Chet. Soc.), i, 44.

In a dispute as to closes called Hich-
haugh and Stonyfurlong in Dutton in 1 550
Richard Shireburne claimed them as heir
of Hugh, who had demised them to James
Tarleton, chantry priest of Ribchester
deceased. John Talbot of Salesbury, on
the other hand, asserted that they had
belonged to the chantry endowment and
were included in the lease made by Erf-
ward VI; Duchy of Lane. Plead. Edw. VL
xxvii, T 9. The lands are named in the
chantry endowment in Raines' Chantrits
(Chet. Soc.), 196, and seem to have ben
regarded as within Ribchester.

In 1565 Sir Richard Shireburne pur-
chased a messuage, &c., from Christopher
Wilkinson, and another in 1581 from John
Woodcock ; Pal. of Lane. Feet of F. bdle.
27, m- 55 ! 43, m - !9- In 1583 a
messuage, &c., in Dutton was settled on
Sir Richard Shireburne ; ibid. bdle. 45,
m. 172. At Sir Richard's death it was not
known of whom or by what tenure the
manor of Dutton and other lands there
were held ; Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. xvi,
no. 3 ; xxvi, no. 4.

The manor continued to be named in
Shireburne and Weld settlements down to
1777; Pal. of Lane. Plea R. 625, m. lod.
(16).

7 Information of Mr. R. K. Fenton
through Messrs. Greenall & Co.

8 The particulars of the descent are
taken from Burke, Landed Gentry.

9 An account of the family by W. A.
Abram is printed in Lanes, and Ches.
Antiq. Notes, i, 182-190. Gilbert de
Legh, Richard de Towneley and John de
Towneley attested Dutton deeds in the
time of Edward III and later. They
belong to the principal family, and held
land in Dutton, Ribchester and Hother-
sall ; Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Chet. Soc.), ii,
59. The lands were held of the Hogh-
tons ; ibid, ii, 112.

Of the local line Robert de Townley in
1379-80 granted land in Huntingdon to
Richard Woodroff for life; Add. MS.
32107, no. 926. He was a witness to
Dutton charters in 1406-7 ; Add. MS.
32106, no. 179, 131. Henry son of
Robert Townley in 1420 enfeoffed John
White, vicar of Preston, of lands in
Cliviger, Ribchester and Dutton ; Towne-
ley MS. DD, no. 2020. Henry Towniejr

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

Townley in 1562 described the tenure of his estate
as socage or in the nature of socage. 10 Richard
Townley of Dutton in 1 6 1 8
held his lands in Dutton of
Richard Shireburne of Stony-
hurst by the service of a red
rose yearly ; he also held lands
in Ribchester, Dilworth and
Hothersall. 11 A pedigree was
recorded in l66$. 12 The
estates descended to Abraham
Townley, who died in 1701,
leaving two sons, Henry and
Richard, the latter of whom
is noticed in the account of
Belfield in Rochdale. Henry
Townley died in 1731, leav-
ing three daughters as co-
heirs. The eldest, Jane,
married Edward Entwisle of
Ribchester, and by a partition

in 1738 the Dutton estate descended to their
children. 13 'In 1805 Mr. W. Joule purchased
the estate, and in 1823 sold it to Mr. James
Rothwell, whose nephew, the late Marquis de
Rothwell, of Bolton, was the owner till his death '

FENTON of Dutton.
Per pale argent and sable
a cross dovetailed, in the
first and fourth quarters
afieur de Us and in the
second and third a tre-
foil slipped all counter-
changed.

DUTTON HALL is a picturesque two-story stone
house, with balled gables and mullioned windows,
finely situated on the southern slope of Longridge
Fell, and commanding a magnificent view to the south
over the Ribble Valley. The house is said to have
been erected by Richard Townley about i67o-8o, 18
but there is no date or inscription anywhere on the
building itself. It is now used as a farm-house, and
the west wing is unoccupied. The front, facing
south, is 63 ft. in length, and consists of two end
gabled wings with a recessed middle part containing
the hall, the plan being a later adaptation of the
general type of the preceding century. The doorway,

however, is in the east wing, and the principal feature
of the front elevation is the great square bay window
of the hall, which occupies nearly the whole of the
space between the wings in the west angle. The bay
is externally 14 ft. wide with a projection of 6ft., and
goes up both stories, terminating as a kind of tower
with lead flat and balustraded parapet, forming an
exceedingly picturesque feature. It has a large
mullioned and transomed window of seven lights
placed at the angle with three lights on the return,
and the rest of the windows of the house being low
and without transoms a good effect is produced by
the contrast. The windows of the disused west
wing retain their original leaded lights in good
geometrical patterns. The walling is generally of
large gritstone blocks, but the east wing is faced
with rough coursed sandstone pieces and gritstone
quoins, and may be a rebuilding. The roofs are
covered with modern blue slates. In the recess
between the great bay window and the east wing
is a wooden bell-turret containing a bell. The
interior is somewhat modernized, but the arrange-
ment of the hall and staircase is interesting, and
in the upper room over the bay is a good plaster
panel over the fireplace, with conventional floral
ornament within a moulded border. The hall is
flagged diagonally and has a wide open fireplace, and
woodwork of late I7th or early 18th-century date.
The porch is an open one with four-centred arch,
and a stone seat on one side. The lay-out of
the garden on the south side has been effective ;
it is inclosed on either side by outbuildings, giving
something of the appearance of a forecourt, and
the two tall stone gate piers, with balls and
original wooden gates, surmounted by quaintly
carved lions, form a very picturesque foreground.
The grass plots, however, have been planted as an
orchard, and the trees now almost completely hide
the front of the house.

Among the older landowners were the families

of Dutton had variance with Richard
Towneley in 1452 respecting boundaries
in Cliviger ; W. A. Abram, loc. cit.

Richard Townley of Dutton in 1531
married Joan daughter of Roger Winkley
of Winkley ; DD, no. 668. Shortly after-
wards he and his wife gave to trustees a
part of 'my hall of Townley ' and certain
lands in Dutton ; ibid. no. 64.6.

10 From his will, printed in Richmond
Wills (Surtees Soc.), 151. He gave
various lands to his wife Katherine for
twenty-one years and 10 to Jane his
daughter. To James Lingard, vicar of
Ribchester, he left 131. 4^., and to two
other priests 101. each. In 1537 John
son and heir-apparent of Richard Townley
had disputes with Richard Crombleholme
and others respecting land called Carling-
hurt in Dutton ; Ducatus Lane. (Rec.
Com.), ii, 60. It was probably the same
John Townley who was plaintiff in 1 549 ;
ibid, i, 246. According to the pedigree,
however, Richard was succeeded by a son
Henry Townley, probably the same who
in 1583 held eight messuages, a dovecote
and various lands in Dutton, Ribchester,
Hothersall and Dilworth, of which he
cnfeoffed John and Edward, sons of
Edmund Shireburne ; Pal. of Lane. Feet
of F. bdle. 45, m. 184. Henry Townley
of Dutton had a dispute with Robert
Lynalx in 1582 respecting a right of way ;

T. C. Smith, Ribchester, 54. He was
among the freeholders in 1600 ; Misc.
(Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.), i, 234. He
was living in 1608 ; Lanes. Inq. p.m.
(Rec. Soc.), i, 89.

The estate was in 1595 secured by
Henry Townley from John Townley by
a fine, the meaning of which is not clear ;
Pal. of Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 57,
m. 17.

11 Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Rec. Soc. Lanes,
and Ches.), ii, 137. Richard's wife
(Anne), brothers and children are named ;
the heir was his son Henry, aged fourteen.

Henry Townley of Dutton married
Alice Coulthurst (Burnley) at Ribchester,
26 June 1626 ; Reg. He paid ^10 in
1631 on refusing knighthood ; Misc.
(Rec. Soc.), i, 217.

12 Dugdale, Vis.it. (Chet. Soc.), 310.
Richard the son of Henry Townley was
thirty-four years old. He died in 1670
and was succeeded by his brother Abra-
ham.

13 This part of the descent is from
W. A. Abram, loc. cit. The younger
daughters of Henry Townley were Janet,
who married the Rev. Henry Ward of
Ingatestone, and Margaret, who married
Lawrence Wall of Preston. The family
were benefactors of the poor.

The deforciants in a fine respecting the
Townley estate in Dutton, Ribchester,

Bailey and Burnley (1739) were Edward
Entwisle, Jane his wife, Henry Ward, Janet
his wife, Margaret Townley, John Nock
and Anne his wife ; Pal. of Lane. Feet
of F. bdle. 320, m. 133. Anne was the
widow of Henry Townley. Richard hi*
brother had lands in Ribchester in 1 744 ;
ibid. bdle. 330, m. 124.

Edward Entwisle died in 1776 and
was buried at Ribchester ; his wife died
at the end of 1799. Their eldest son,
Townley Entwisle, a surgeon, had died in
1779, leaving three daughters. A younger
son, Edward Entwisle, died at Ribchester
in 1828. See T. C. Smith, Ribchester,
252-3.

It may be added that this surname
occurs early, for William de Dutton in
the 1 3th century granted to Adam son of
Richard de Entwisle land in Dutton, the
bounds of which name Ormsclough and
Rakedanclough where Bailisti falls into
it ; Towneley MS. DD, no. 1 149. Henry
son of Robert Franceys in i 342 gave land
at Whitecarfall (or Quittarfall) in Rib-
chester to John de Entwisle, afterwards
held by Adam del Hull of Clayton ; Add.
MS. 32107, no. 1028, 1105.

14 T. C. Smith, op. cit. 232. For the
Rothwell family see the accounts of Hoole
and Sharpies.

15 Ibid. ; an illustration of the house is
given.

BLACKBURN HUNDRED

of Blackburn, 16 Clitheroe, 17 Talbot 18 of Salesbury,
Moton, 19 and Hoghton of Hoghton.* Others

16 Adam de Blackburn gave his son
Richard lands in Button and Hayhurst,
part of them being held of St. Saviour's,
for the rent of a pair of white gloves ;
Towneley MS. OO, no. 1191. Amabel
widow of Adam de Blackburn claimed
dower in 1291 in two messuages, &c., in
Hayhurst and Dutton against William de
Blackburn ; De Banco R. 90, m. 87.

Adam de Blackburn and others were
accused of assault in 1292 by Jordan the
Clerk of Dutton (son of Emma) ; Assize
R. 408, m. 95 d. In the same year Adam
son of Master Adam de Blackburn re-
leased an annual rent which Jordan owed
him for land and meadow in the vill of
Dutton ; Add. MS. 32106, no. 176. Six
years later he demised to Adam de
Huddleston for a term Whitworth in
Dutton and two-thirds of a culture called
the Coltepark ; Towneley MS. DD, no.
2061.

Robert de Cofhill granted land in the
Hough and the Berecroft in Dutton to
Adam de Blackburn, a rent of 6d. being
payable to St. Saviour's ; Towneley MS.
DD, no. 2131. Adam son of Robert de
Cofhill in 1297-8 claimed certain land
against William de Blackburn, who replied
that he (William) was a villein of Thomas
le Surreys and held the said land in
villeinage ; De Banco R. 116, m. H7d. ;
122, m. 48 d. William, however, gave
to Adam de Cofhill land in Hayhurst
between the brook running from Cunuyld
Wall to the Ribble and Wyarde Burn ;
Towneley MS. OO, no. 1207, 1193. A
little earlier William son of Adam de
Blackburn had obtained land from Adam
son of Adam de Blackburn ; De Banco
R. 114, m. 86 ; 115, m. i79d. Robert
de Clitheroe, clerk, obtained land from
William de Blackburn in 1304; Assize
R. 419, m. ii. Adam de Clitheroe in
1327 complained that William and others
had cut down his trees in Dutton ; De
Banco R. 269, m. 70 d.

The above-named Richard son of Adam
de Blackburn seems to have been the
founder of the family of Blackburn of
Shevington and Dutton ; their deeds are
in Add. MS. 32107, no. 1462, &c.
Richard son of Adam obtained lands
from Henry de Cunliffe and also from
William son of Richard de Dutton ; the
latter grant included parts of Middes-
holme, Bradridding and Dodhill (under
the Stanrays) ; ibid. no. 1485, 1489.
Richard also had from Richard de Dutton
his part within the fields of Dodhill per-
taining to 2 oxgangs of land in Dutton ;
and from William de Dutton land in
Dodhill, the bounds of which touched
Karkesti ; ibid. no. 1506, 1510. Richard
de Blackburn gave his son Thomas land
in Dutton to the east of Dodhill Brook ;
ibid. no. 1475. Thomas obtained other
grants; ibid.no. 1496, 1501.

17 Ralph de Clayton gave Hugh de
Clitheroe a moiety of the mill on the
Ribble in a place called Harewas in
Dutton; Towneley MS. DD, no. 1177.
William de Blackburn exchanged land on
the Hough for another piece in Hayhurst
with Hugh de Clitheroe ; ibid. no. 1157.
Adam son of William de Dutton gave
Roger de Clitheroe all his land in Dutton ;
ibid. no. 2063. In 1316-17 Alice daughter
of Geoffrey son of Godith de Dutton
granted all her land in the township to
Adam son of Hugh de Clitheroe ; ibid,
no. 2069.

RIBCHESTER

took their names from places within Dutton,
as Ash/ 1 Dodhill, 32 Hayhurst 8J and Hunting-

In 1335 Cecily widow of Adam de
Clitheroe recovered dower in land in
Dutton against Philip de Clayton ; De
Banco R. 304, m. 23 5 d. Some years
later (1349) an agreement as to pasture
was made between Henry de Clayton of
Dutton on the one side and on the other
Cecily widow of Adam de Clitheroe,
William de Rilston and Sibyl his wife,
Robert son and heir of Robert de
Clitheroe and Adam de Blackburn ; DD,
no. 2138.

18 This family inherited the Clitheroe
estate and made other purchases.

Isabel daughter of Richard brother of
Sir Robert de Clitheroe, who married John
Talbot, had lands in Dutton and Rib-
chester ; Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Chet. Soc.), ii,
42, 55. Later the lands in Dutton are
stated to be held of the Abbot of Whalley ;
ibid, ii, 144, 161.

19 William son of William de Dutton
demised for his life to William son of
Henry Moton a moiety of his land in
Balbanridding at a rent of 2s. gd. ; Add.
MS. 32106, no. 1 80. Jordan de Dutton,
clerk, gave William the Tailor, son of
Henry Moton, land in Mossiley Carr in
1317; ibid. no. 147. In the same col-
lection will be found other grants of land
in Old Carr and New Carr, &c., to the
same William son of Henry ; some of
them were made by Richard son of
Amery and Thomas his son. In 1361
William Moton of Dutton and Cecily
widow of Nicholas Moton appear to have
sold their lands to Henry de Clayton ;
ibid. no. 183, 178, 156.

Richard son of William Moton was
defendant in 1360, the plaintiffs being
Richard son of Simon Ball of Farington,
Alice his wife, Henry del Scholes- of
Cuerdale and Maud his wife ; Duchy of
Lane . Assize R. 8, m. 8 d.

90 From the charters it appears that the
Moton lands came into the possession of
Sir Richard Hoghton about 1407 ; Add.
MS. 32106, no. 129, &c. Sir Richard
also acquired the lands of Hitche
(Richard) son of Amery, which have
been mentioned previously; ibid. no. 145.
One or two further references may be
added : William son of William son of
Maud de Ulnes Walton, together with
Margery (his wife) and Hawise, daughters
and heirs of William Baskit, in 131617
granted the reversion of a toft in Dutton
to Richard son of Amery (fern.) de Brad-
hill and Alice his wife ; ibid. no. 244.
From another charter it appears that the
grantors were the heirs of Adam son of
Alice de Wheatley ; ibid. no. 138. Roger
de Wheatley son of Richard the Smith of
Chipping a little later gave them the right
he had in a certain toft after the death of
Alice his wife; ibid. no. 130. In 1330
Richard son of Amery gave his lands in
Dutton and Ribchester to his son Thomas,
with remainders to other sons William and
John ; ibid. no. 484 (fol. 329). Thomas
son of Richard made a feoffment or sale
of his lands and the rent of yd. due from
the land of William son of Robert de
Ribchester in 1372 ; ibid. no. 171.

Land in Dutton was held by Sir Henry
Hoghton in 1424 ; Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Chet.
Soc.), ii, 43. The tenure of the Hoghton
lands in Dutton was unknown in the
1 6th century ; Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m.
xiv, no. 26 ; xv, no. 39.

21 Deeds of this family are in Add.
MS. 32107, no. 874, &c., and reference

may be made to the account of Aighton
and Bailey already given.

Alexander del Ash (de Fraxino) demised
land in Dutton to Richard del Ash for a
term of years ; ibid. no. 901. Henry de
Clayton gave the same Richard Roughfall
in Hayhurst ; no. 890. Richard also
obtained other lands in the same part of
the township ; no. 880, 900. Richard del
Ash made the following grants : In
1320-1 to John his son a messuage in
Hayhurst ^0.913); in 1335 to Hugh
his son Willeriddings in Dutton, which
Richard del Ash the younger seems to
have confirmed (no. 911, 914); and in
1336 to Robert his son Roughfall
(no. 907). Hugh son of Richard del Ash
in 1361 granted all his land in Dutton to
Robert de Bailey ; no. 887. In the same
year Margery daughter and heir of Robert
de Hayhurst by Emota his wife released
all her right in Dutton to Robert del Ash ;
no. 876.

Robert son of Richard del Ashes in
1347 recovered a messuage and lands in
Dutton and Aighton against his brother
Richard and others; Assize R. 1435,
m. 33d. Robert del Ash in 1360 claimed
messuages, &c., in Dutton against Hugh
del Ash ; it appeared that Richard del
Ash had in the time of Edward II granted
them to John del Ash and to William and
Robert, the brothers of John, and that
John and William had died without issue ;
Duchy of Lane. Assize R. 7, m. 5 ; 8,
m. 6. Robert del Ash in 1366 claimed land
against Robert de Leyland and Katherine
his wife ; De Banco R. 425, m. 504.

The descent cannot be traced accurately.
Richard son of Robert in 1378-9 married
Ellen de Aighton ; Add. MS. 32107,
no. 878. Richard appears to have had
sons John and Thomas ; ibid. no. 886,
919. Robert son and heir of Thomas
Ash in the time of Edward IV married
Elizabeth Crumbleholme ; ibid. no. 912.

Hugh Ash died in Sept. 1554 hold-
ing messuages in Dutton of the king
and queen in chief by knight's service ;
his son George was a year old ; Duchy of
Lane. Inq. p.m. x, no. 35. George Ash
appears in 1583 ; Pal. of Lane. Feet of F.
bdle. 45, m. 172.

Edward Ash in 1609 held Clough Bank
of the lord of Dutton ; Lanes. Inq. p.m.
(Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.), i, 165.
Edward Ash of Dutton in 1630 com-
pounded for his recusancy by paying ^3
yearly ; Trans. Hist. Soc. (new ser.), xxiv,
174.

Robert Ash of Dutton in 1652 desired
confirmation of a house and land seques-
tered for the recusancy of John Talbot of
Dinckley ; Cal. Com. for Comp. ii, 1449.

M This family appears from an early
time, and some references to it will be
found in deeds already quoted. Thomas
de Bradhurst of Dutton granted a toft to
John son of Thomas de Dudhill in
1316-17; Add. MS. 32107, no. 1525.
Richard de Dudhill in 1 342 granted land
in Ribchester to Adam son of Richard
Award de Dutton ; Towneley MS. OO,
no. 1198. Thomas son of William de
Dudhill made grants of land in Hunting-
don in 1364 and 1375 ; Add. MS. 32107,
no. 1524, 1462.

Part at least of the Dudhill lands ap-
pears to have descended to the Bradleys
mentioned later.

23 Deeds of this family are contained
in Towneley's MS. OO, no. 1191, &c.

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

don. 34 A few additional owners, as Bradley, 25
Harrison 26 and Thorpe, 27 are also known.

The abbeys of Whalley 28 and Sawley 29 and the
hospital of St. Leonard at York 30 had land in the
township.

For their lands the following contributed to the
subsidy of 1 524 : Edmund Bradley, Robert Goodshaw,
John Hayhurst and Richard Townley. 31 Similarly to
that of 1543 Richard Townley and Robert Ash the
elder. 32 To that of 1597 Thomas Holt, Henry
Townley, Edward Ash, John Hayhurst and Richard

Goodshaw. 33 To that of 1626 Henry Townley,
John Hayhurst, Edward Ash and Robert Good-
shaw ; various non-communicants are entered on
this list. 34

Richard Duckett of Dutton paid ^10 in 1631 on
declining knighthood. 35

The land tax return of 1787 shows that Thomas
Weld, Sir George Warren, Lord Petre and Mrs.
Jane Entwisle were then the chief landowners.

The manor of ST1DD 36 was acquired by the
Hospitallers about 1265 from a more ancient

A noteworthy grant wa one by the
prior of the Hospitallers to Richard son
of Adam Award de Dutton of lands called
Canfall (by Dodhill Moss), Hichetleys,
by the Stonebridge, Codec, Bernardacre
and four butts in landoles ; a rent of
61. 6d. was to be paid, and half a mark
at death; ibid. no. 1196. In 1508
accordingly 6s. %d. was paid for the
'obit' of Henry father of John Hayhurst ;
ibid. no. 1217.

Robert son of William de Dutton
granted land in Hayhurst belonging to
the vill of Dutton to Otes son of John
son of Roger de Hayhurst. The bounds
name Ash House, Wyardburn to Ribble,
down the Ribble to land held of St.
Leonard; ibid. no. 1192. Otes de
Hayhurst and Margery his wife appear in
1335 ; no. 1215, 1 202. Margery was
a widow in 1338, and there were several
sons, William, Richard and John being
named; no. 1455, 1430, 1432, 1440.
John son of Otes de Hayhurst and Alice
his wife are mentioned from 1348 to
1372, and Alice was a widow in 1379 ;
no. 1216, 1205, 1 200. Alice was
probably one of the three sisters and
heirs of an Adam Award and had a son
John ; no. 1212, 1197, 1476. John son
and heir of Otes Hayhurst in 1401 gave
lands in Dutton to William son of
Richard Hayhurst ; no. 1435-6. See
also an undated testimony as to the
possessions of William Hayhurst ; no.
1476. Oliver son and heir of Robert
Hayhurst had land in Dutton in 1446-7 ;
no. 1 1 94. The will of Perci val Hayhurst,
1499-1 500 names his son and heir John ;
no. 1457. John ton and heir of John
Hayhurst did homage for his lands (in
Bailey) at the court of Aighton in 1549 ;
no. 1441. Jenet widow and executrix of
Henry Hayhurst of Hayhurst in 1574
became bound to John, the son and heir,
an executor; no. 1226.

Thomas son of Robert son of William
de Hayhurst in 1364 claimed a messuage,
&c., in Dutton against John de Hayhurst ;
De Banco R. 417, m. 214; 419, m.

212d.

John Hayhurst died in 1619 holding
Hayhurst, Furtherhouse and Hough-
wellfall of the heirs of Richard de
Dutton by a rent of $d. His heir was
his son Henry, aged forty-two ; Lanes.
Inq. p.m. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.),
ii, 121. For Hough wellfall cf. Fallwel-
halgh in the account of Ribchester.

The Hayhursts were Puritans ; one of
them was vicar of Leigh 1646-62, and
founded the library at Ribchester. See
the account of the family in T. C. Smith,
Ribchester, 232-4. On the opposite side
Lawrence Hayhurst of Dutton, yeoman,
registered his house and land in 1717 as
a ' Papist ' ; Ettcourt and Payne, Engl.
Cath, Non-jurors, 104.

84 In 1277 Robert de Huntingdon, liv-
ing it the abbey of Selby, came to Dutton

and buried his son Roger, and then entered
upon half his land, whereupon Beatrix
widow of Roger, Robert her son, Richard
de Wulnesbooth, John le Surreys, Hugh
the Clerk and Henry de Blackburn made
complaint ; Assize R. 1235, m. 12.

It may be added that Thomas son of
Richard de Ulvesbooths and Jordan his
son, a clerk, attested a local charter ;
Towneley MS. DD, no. 1137.

25 In 1466 William Bradley, chaplain,
granted to John son of Henry Bradley
lands in Dutton inherited from his
mother; Add. MS. 32107, no. 1464.
From a feoffment of 1370 it would seem
that this land had belonged to John son
of Adam de Bradley in right of his
marriage with Beatrice daughter of John
de Dudhill ; ibid. no. 1518.

Edmund Bradley died in 1529 holding
a messuage in Dutton of the king aa
duke by the hundredth part of a knight's
fee and the rent of id. or a pair of white
gauntlets. The heir was hi grandson
John Bradley (son of John), aged seven-
teen years in 1539, and an idiot ; he had
sisters Anne and Alice, aged nineteen and
fifteen. James Sharpies was the uncle
and guardian of the said John ; Duchy of
Lane. Inq. p.m. viii, no. 22. From a
later pleading it appears that John
Bradley died in 1545 ; Anne married
Alexander Bimson and Alice Thomas
Wynhart, and a division was made in
15505 Pal. of Lane. Plea R. 184, m.
4 d. ; 190, m. 2. See also Ducatus Lane.
ii, 220, for a claim to a moiety of
Dudhill by the Bimsons. In 1609 a
fourth part of Dudhill was held of the
Crown (as of the Hospitallers) by Richard
Thornley and John Bimson, and the
remainder by John Bimson, by a total
rent of 2s. ; Kuerden MSS. ii, fol. 133^.

26 The estate was known as Smithy-
bottom. Richard Harrison, who died in
Oct. 1587, had made a settlement in
1578 in favour of his son Richard (aged
twenty-four in 1589), and afterwards,
his daughter Jane marrying one Thomas
Jones, he granted them a third part of
the messuage for twenty-one years. The
whole was held of the queen by the
2Ooth part of a knight's fee and a
rent of 35. -jd. ; Duchy of Lane. Inq.
p.m. xv, no. 57. For fines relating to
the estate see Pal. of Lane. Feet of F.
bdles. 49, m. 142; 56, m. 54 ; 59, m. 218.

From the Ducatus Lane, it appears that
a number of disputes soon afterwards
broke out ; op. cit. iii, 215, &c. Richard
Harrison in 1594 complained that
Thomas Jones, his brother-in-law,
Richard Goodshaw and others retained
possession of Smithybottom and its lands.
At his father's death he said he had been
a minor, T. Jones being his guardian ;
Duchy of Lane. Plead. Eliz. clxiv,
H 12. John Lynalx or Lennox after-
wards claimed a third part ; Ducatus Lane.
' 399. 44*-

Edward Houghton died 30 June 1621
holding a messuage and land called
' Smeathbottom ' by the 6ooth part
of a knight's fee and the third part
of a rent of 3*. -jd. Edward his son and
heir was twenty-nine years old ; Lanes.
Inq. p.m. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.),
ii, 276.

27 John Thorpe died in 1588, leaving a
son and heir John, aged fifty-six ; Duchy
of Lane. Inq. p.m. xv, no. 52.

The Walmsleys purchased lands in
Dutton as well as in Ribchester, and
Thomas Walmsley was in 1584 found
to have held land in Dutton ; ibid, xiv,
no. 72.

Robert Reade of Aighton held land in
Dutton in 1610 ; Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Rec.
Soc.), i, 177.

Bartholomew Barker of Salesbury was
a landowner in 1641 ; Duchy of Lane.
Inq. p.m. xxx, no. n.

In these cases the tenure is not
recorded.

28 The land at Harrows Banks in
Dutton produced a rent of z 5*. about
1540. The tenants at will were Dew-
hurst, Green and Bolton ; Whalley
Couch. (Chet. Soc.), iv, 1219. From a
preceding note it is known that the
Shireburnes of Stonyhurst had also part
of the abbey land. In 1557-8 Kenning-
field and Harrows Banks in Dutton and
Clayton, lately belonging to Whalley
Abbey, were sold by the Crown to Richard
Shireburne ; Pat. 4 & 5 Phil, and Mary,
pt. viii. Dutton Lee, &c., were in 1564
granted to Charles Jackson and William
Mason ; Pat. 6 Eliz. pt. x.

29 The grants by the Dutton family
have been recorded above. Thomas
Sowerbutts died in 1594 holding Reedy-
snape, part of the lands of Sawley
acquired by Sir Arthur Darcy in 1538 ;
it was held by the 2Ooth part of a
knight's fee ; Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m.
xvi, no. 20. His grandson Thomas (son
of Robert) died in 1623 holding the same
lands and leaving a son Robert, under
age ; ibid, xxv, no. 37.

80 The 'land of St. Leonard ' has been
named in a Hayhurst charter already,
quoted. In 1299 the master of the
Hospital of St. Leonard of York
recovered lands in Dutton against
Richard son of Robert del He* of
Hayhurst, John son of Avice and Otes
son of John ; there was some suspicion
of fraud or evasion of the statute ; De
Banco R. 130, m. 243.

81 Subs. R. Lanes, bdle. 130, no.
82.

82 Ibid. no. 125.

88 Ibid. bdle. 131, no. 274.

84 Ibid. no. 317.

85 Misc. (Rec. Soc. Lane*, and Ches.),
i, 217.

86 The old spelling was some form of
Stede ; ' Le Styde,' 1343. Stydd is a
common form at present.

BUTTON HALL : THE GATEWAY

BLACKBURN HUNDRED

hospital. 37 Grants which have been preserved indicate
that there had been an organized community there
for at least fifty years, 38 the endowments being given
' to God and B. Mary the Virgin and the hospital of
St. Saviour under Longridge and to the master and
brethren serving God there.' 39 Some of the masters
or wardens granted or attested 1 3th-century charters. 40
In 1338 it was reported that the camera of St. Saviour
called the Stidd, under the preceptory of Nevvland in
Yorkshire, was demised to farm at 10 marks yearly,
but the farmer was bound to pay a chaplain singing
there. 41 From this it may be assumed that divine
service was maintained down to the Reformation. 42

RIBCHESTER

Nothing definite, however, is known, for the manor
was extra-parochial.

After the Suppression the manor was given to
Thomas Holt of Gristlehurst 43 and remained in his
family for more than a century. It may have been
acquired later by Shireburne of Bailey, founder of the
Stidd Almshouses. 44 In 1609, however, an independent
grant was made to George Whitmore and others, 45
who in 1613 sold to Richard Shireburne of Stony-
hurst. 46 Apart from these manors the Crown had
sold various lands to Richard Crombleholme 47 and
others. 48 The manor was in later times claimed by
the Shireburnes and their representatives. 49

s7 In 1292 it was found that the
Knights Hospitallers had acquired from
a certain Adam, chaplain-warden of the
house of St. Saviour at Dutton, two
plough-lands, with wood and moor, and
401. rent in Dutton, Ribchester and
Aighton during the minority of Henry de
Lacy and with the assent of Alice de
Lacy ; Plac. de Quo Warr. (Rec. Com.),
376. The date must lie between 1258
and 1271. See B.M. Add. Charters,
no. 7364.

88 The earliest part of the chapel may
be dated about 1 1 90.

89 Charters of land in Ribchester and
Dilworth have been quoted in the accounts
of those townships ; see also Dugdale,
Man. Angl, vi, 686-7.

40 Alexander the Chaplain, master of
the hospital of St. Saviour, and the
brethren of the same place made a grant
early in the 1 3th century regarding land
in Salesbury ; Towneley MS. DD, no.
202 1. Land in Hothersall was held of
the hospital by Richard de Ametehalgh
and to one of the deeds regarding it the
first witnesses were ' Brother Alexander,
rector of the hospital of St." Saviour ;
brother Adam of the same place ' ; Add.
MS. 32106, no. 5 (fol. 241). Brother
Alexander the prior and Adam the chap-
lain also occur 5 note by Mr. Weld.

A somewhat later deed was attested by
Adam de Blackburn and John his son,
master of St. Saviour; Add. MS. 32106,
no. 119.

In 1269-70 Richard son of the master
of the Stidd, or son of Alexander de la
Stidd, was defendant ; Cur. Reg. R.
199, m. 27 d. ; 202, m. 26 d. It does
not appear that Alexander was then
living, so that he may be identical with
Alexander the chaplain.

Adam Prior of St. Saviour occurs as
witness to a Dutton charter which men-
tions land in Hayhurst belonging to the
house of St. Saviour ; Add. MS. 32106,
no. 170.

The hospital may not have become
extinct on its transference to the Knights
of St. John, for Walter the Chaplain,
warden of the house of St. Saviour in
Dutton, was the first witness to a local
charter in 1314; Add. MS. 32106, no.
187. In 1339 Walter de Lofthousum,
warden of St. Saviour's by Ribchester,
was one of the defendants in a dispute
about land in Ribchester involving several
Dutton people. The chief plaintiffs were
Hugh son of John de Huntingdon and
Joan his wife ; Assize R. 427, m. 2 d., 3 d.

41 Hosfitallers in Engl. (Camd. Soc.),
in. In 1351 the Prior of St. John
granted the manor of St. Saviour called
the Stidd to Richard Tomelay (? Townley)
for life. The lessee was to maintain the
buildings and the chantry and pay ^T8 a
year to the treasury at Clerkenwell

(Fontis clericorum). A mark was to be
paid at death as obit. When the pre-
ceptor or warden of Ribston should come
(not more than once a year) to hold the
prior's court, provision for men and horses
was to be made by the lessee ; MSS. Var,
Coll. (Hist. MSS. Com.), ii, 228.

In 1292 Robert Spendloue and Amery
his wife were non-suited in a claim against
the Prior of the Hospitallers as to a tene-
ment in Dutton ; Assize R. 408, m. 22.
In 1337 the prior did not prosecute his
claim against Thomas de Dudhill of
Dutton ; Assize R. 1424, m. 1 1 d.

William Hall (see Chipping) in 1506
held a messuage, &c., in Dutton of the
Prior of St. John of Jerusalem by a rent
of 71. 6./. ; Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. iii,
no. 19.

42 In 1501 Nicholas Talbot appointed
a priest to sing for twelve months at
Stidd, 'where father and mother are
buried '; Whitaker, Whalley (ed. Nicholls),
ii, 465. In 1535 Thomas Bradley was
chaplain at Stidd ; Valor Eccl. (Rec. Com.),
v, 68. The bailiff there was John Talbot ;
he had a fee of 30*. ; ibid. 69.

48 Pat. 35 Hen. VIII, pt. iv. The
manor, with many other estates, was held
by the thirtieth part of a knight's fee ;
Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. xi, no. 46. It
is regularly named in settlements and
inquisitions ; e.g. Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Rec.
Soc. Lanes, and Ches.), i, 158; ii, 81 ;
iii, 371.

44 An estate called Stidd in Dutton
belonged in 1716 to John Shireburne,
younger brother of Richard Shireburne
of Bailey ; Payne, Engl. Cath. Rec. 144.
In 1725 John Shireburne of Sheffield
where he was agent to the Duke of Nor-
folk was engaged to marry Margaret
Nelson of Fairhurst, ,40 being settled
on her from ' the capital messuage called
Stidd, and demesne lands in Stidd, Rib-
chester and Blackburn ' 5 Piccope MSS.
(Chet. Lib.), iii, 228, from roll 1 1 of Geo. I
at Preston. Next year John Shireburne
made his will. To Elizabeth widow of
his brother Richard he gave 15 a year
out of Bailey Hall ; to his cousin Richard
Walmsley of Showley (who was one of
the residuary legatees) 10 for the poor
of Bailey, Stidd, &c., and 10 for a piece
of plate. His executors were to build a
good almshouse on his estate at Stidd for
five poor persons to live separately therein,
and to endow it with ^30 a year, viz.
j5 for each inmate and ^5 for repairs.
He died in Dec. 1726. See C. D. Sher-
born, Shcrborn Fam. 73-6.

4 * Pat. 9 Jas. I, pt. xxvii. At the
same time an extent was made ; Kuerden
MSS. ii, fol. 132^3^. It appears that
Stidd was occupied by Robert Goodshaw,
who paid 45. rent. There was a consider-
able number of farms, &c., in Dutton and
the adjoining townships.

This second manor may have been due
to a regrant to the Hospitallers by Queen
Mary of Stidd with numerous dependen-
cies ; Pat. 4 & 5 Phil, and Mary, pt. iv.

46 Kuerden MSS. ii, fol. 132. The
sale included the manor of Stidd, formerly
belonging to the Knights of St. John of
Jerusalem, with customary rents in
Chipping, Barbing, Thornley, Chaigley,
Aighton, Bailey and Belingfield, &c.,
together with perquisites of the court of
Stidd ; but a rent of 4. los. o\d. for
Stidd, Forton and Cunscough was to be
paid to the Crown.

In 1 543 Sir Alexander Osbaldeston had
a lease of ' the manor or capital messuage
of the Stidd,' by purchase from John
Cowell, who had it from the Crown at a
rent of 5 u. 8</. ; Add. MS. 32106,
no. 1076.

47 The grant to Richard Crombleholme
in Dutton, Huntingdon, Milneclough, Ac.,
appears to have been from part of the
Hospitallers' possessions ; Pat. 38 Hen.
VIII, pt. xvii. In the extent of 1609,
above referred to, Richard Crombleholme
is stated to have held Huntingdon and
' Bailey in Dutton ' by the twentieth part
of a knight's fee and 31. id. rent, and to
have granted out many portions of the
lands.

Richard Crombleholme the elder held
a messuage 'in Huntingdon in Bailey in
the township of Dutton ' and various
lands, and made a settlement of part
thereof in 1576. His son William hav-
ing died before him, he was succeeded by
a grandson Richard the younger (son of
William), who died at Dutton in 1588
holding Huntingdon, &c., of the queen by
the hundredth part of a knight's fee, and
other land in Dutton of Sir Richard
Shireburne as of his manor of Dutton.
Richard, the son and heir of the younger
Richard, was seven years old ; Duchy of
Lane. Inq. p.m. xiv, no. 40. See further
in T. C. Smith, op. cit. 238-9.

William Crombleholme of Dutton was
arrested in 1584 on his way to the Con-
tinent to be educated for the priesthood
and was imprisoned in the Tower for some
time; Misc. (Cath. Rec. Soc.), iii, 17;
Gillow, Bibl. Diet, of Engl. Cath. iii, 410
(quoting Bridgewater's Concertatio). He
is supposed to have become a missionary
priest in Lancashire.

Huntingdon is now the property of
Mr. Holt of Stubby Lee in Spotland.

48 Carlinghurst was in 1560 granted to
Thomas Reeve and Richard Pynde ; Pat.
2 Eliz. pt. iii. Afterwards it was held
by the Shireburnes.

49 In a fine of 1 686 respecting the manor
of Stidd and various messuages, lands, &c.,
in Stidd, Ribchester and Blackburn the
plaintiff was Edward Burdett and the
deforciants were James Stamford Richard
Chorley, Richard Husband, Richard

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

After the Reformation an allowance
CHAPEL of 4-O.r. was ordered from the manor estate
towards the stipend of a chaplain at
Stidd, 50 but this became merely a perquisite of the
vicar of Ribchester, 51 who held a service in the
dilapidated chapel several times a year. 52 The
extra-parochial district has now been formally united
to the parish of Ribchester, and service is performed
once a month and more frequently in the summer.

The chapel of ST. SAVIOUR at Stidd 53 stands
amongst fields in a pleasant situation about half a mile
to the north-east of Ribchester. It is an exceedingly
interesting and rather picturesque 54 building sub-
stantially of late 1 2th-century date, with subsequent
alterations, in plan a plain rectangle 46 ft. 6 in. long
internally by 20 ft. 6 in. wide, and with a small
south porch. The walls, which are 3 ft. thick, are
faced with rubble masonry, but at a later date,
probably in the 1 3th century, square buttresses of
two stages have been added at each angle, built with
dressed stone and with chamfered plinths. The north
wall retains all its original 12th-century features
unaltered, having two narrow semicircular-headed
labelled windows, with Q-in. lights splaying on

1 12S CENTURY
S CENTUHY
l5lS CENTURY
dl MODERN
10 20 JO

SCALE or!

PLAN OF ST. SAVIOUR'S CHAPEL, STIDD

the inside to 3 ft. 10 in., and between them a door-
way, 2 ft. 4 in. wide, now built up, with semi-

circular head, chamfered jambs, and hood mould
with plain zigzag ornament. On the south side a
single 12th-century window remains, similar in
character to those on the north, but of greater height
and widened out in its lower half to a width of 1 2 in.
The other windows on the south side are of 15th-
century date, each of three lights under a square
head. They, however, differ in detail, and were
probably not inserted at the same time, that at
the eastern end, which is the earlier, having no
hood mould but with cusped heads to the lights,
the opening going right up under the eaves.
The other is slightly lower, with external hood
mould and without cuspings, and may be of 16th-
century date. The lower part of both windows is
now built up. The south doorway is at the western
end of the wall, and is a good example of early 13th-
century work, probably inserted soon after the original
building was finished. It has a pointed arch of two
moulded orders springing from moulded imposts, and
angle shafts with carved caps. The detail of the
carving is transitional in character, but the appearance
of the doorway has been spoiled by successive coats
of whitewash. On the east side the detached outer
shaft has gone. The door is the original oak nail-
studded one. A plain open porch 6 ft. 6 in. square
has been built at a later date in front of the doorway,
consisting simply of two rough stone walls with stone
lintel and rubble gable.

The east window is a modern pointed one of three
lights, the mullions crossing in the head, but internally
it has a segmental arched head. The gable above is
quite plain, and below the window is a dwarf buttress.
The east wall, unlike those on the north and south,
has a plinth suggesting its entire reconstruction at
the time the angle buttresses were added. On the
south wall below the easternmost window is a portion
of a string 13 ft. in length, detached at each end,
between the buttress and the I zth-century window.

At the west end, high up in the wall, is a late
two-light pointed window, the sill of which is 10 ft.
above the floor of the chapel, and in the south-west
corner a pointed doorway, the threshold of which is
8 ft. 6 in. above the floor. On the outside, where
the ground has probably risen all round, the height
of the door from the ground is only 6 ft. 6 in. Both

Shireburne, John Shireburne, Richard
Walmsley and John Walmsley ; Pal. of
Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 216, m. 38. The
Shireburnes here named were those of
Bailey Hall, and the ' manor ' may be
that of the Holt family.

On the other hand the manor of Stidd
is named among the Shireburne of Stony-
hurst possessions in 1737 and 1777 ; Pal.
of Lane. Plea R. 544, m. 13 ; 625, m.
10 d. (16).

50 This was directed in the sale to
Thomas Holt. The tithes of the district
seem also to have been paid by custom to
the chaplain, but by compositions they
became very trifling in amount.

51 At first there seems to have been a
separate chaplain, for one John Moss was
there in 1 574. He gave a certificate that
Edward Ash had received the communion
from him at Stidd Church in Passion
week that year. Ash had been sum-
moned before the Bishop of Chester for
his omission in that matter 5 Chester
Consistory Ct. Rec.

About 1 6 10 Stidd was described as 'a

donative from the Lord Archbishop of
Canterbury ' ; there was ' no minister
there resident ' ; Hist. MSS. Com. Rep.
xiv, App. iv, 9. On 21 Jan. 1616-17
Richard Learoyd, B.A., was admitted to
the church of Stidd on the presentation of
Francis Holt; Act Bk. at Chester, 1579-
1676, fol. 65. The vicars of Ribchester
were therefore in charge, and the con-
venient custom remained in force. The
right of patronage or donation was exercised
by Francis Holt, but on the decay of this
family and the apparent extinction of the
manor the vicar of Ribchester seems to
have been regarded as the patron, Stidd
thus becoming a curacy. In 1650 it was
regarded as Mr. Holt's donative, and was
worth 6 131. 4</., this sum being paid
'to the minister at Ribche.ter, being
accounted parson at Stidd.' There were
only seventeen families in the parish ;
Common-w. Ch. Surv. (Rec. Soc. Lanes,
and Ches.), 170.

About 1717 Bishop Gastrell found the
income to be ^3 19.5. id., being ^2 from
Stidd Hall, from three other estates 51.,

tithes (by composition) 1 141. id. In
1690 the 'vicar of Ribchester [?was]
instituted to Stidd and invested with all
the rights belonging to it.' The ancient
burial-ground was in use ; Notitia Cestr.
(Chet. Soc.), ii, 476-8.

52 In Gastrell's time it was ' served by
the vicar on New Year's Day, Good
Friday and some other Sundays in sum-
mer time ' ; ibid, i, 478. A century
later Whitaker wrote that divine service
was performed ' only twice a year ' ; ' nc
reading desk was ever erected and prayers
are read out of the pulpit ' ; Whalley (ed.
Nicholls), ii, 465.

58 A monograph entitled ' The History
of Stydd Chapel and Preceptory near Rib-
chester, Lancashire,' by George Latham,
architect, was published in 1853. It
contains fourteen plates, mostly measured
drawings. The letterpress is of little
value.

54 Its 'picturesque beauty' in 1801 is
noticed in Whitaker's Whalley, loc. cit.
A view of the building is given by T. C.
Smith, Longridge, 166.

BUTTON : STIDD CHAPEL FROM THE NORTH

DUTTON : STIDD CHAPEL : NAVE AND CHANCEL

BLACKBURN HUNDRED

RIBCHESTER

window and door are now built up, and the south
buttress at the west end is broken at the top. The
doorway was probably the means of access from the
formerly existing buildings of the hospital to a gallery
at the west end of the chapel, the condition of the
external masonry at the south-west angle of the
building indicating a structural connexion at this
point.

The roof, which is covered with stone slates, is for
the most part ancient, though patched and mended,
and consists of simple tie-beam trusses without king
posts, but with a species of very small collar and king
post close to the top. One of the tie-beams has the
sacred monogram carved on its underside, and another
has a floreated ornament, and the space between the
spars is plastered. The floor is flagged, and the
interior is generally in a rather neglected condition.
The walls are plastered and whitewashed, and there
being no means of heating the building, which is
little used but in the summer months, it has naturally
suffered in the course of years. The piscina remains
at the east end of the south wall, and has a trefoiled
head, but the bowl has gone. The sanctuary is still
marked by a late iyth or early 18th-century oak
screen standing I 3 ft. from the east wall, now in a
very dilapidated condition, the framework with some
turned balusters along the top being all that is left.
The screen is 5 ft. 1 1 in. high, and finishes at the
south end against the pulpit, which stands against the
south wall immediately to the east of the 1 2th-century
window. It is of oak, with nine sides, and stands
on a rough stone base 3 ft. 3 in. high, with stone
steps on the west side, the topmost one of which is
level with the sill of the window. The pulpit is
probably of late 17th-century date, and is 4 ft. high
with plain panelled sides. It appears to have formerly
had a suspended canopy, the chain of which with
turned oak spindle still remains. The font is in-
teresting, ajid belongs to the first half of the i6th
century. It is of dark gritstone, octagonal in shape,
each side with a shield bearing sacred, heraldic and
other devices, some of which have been differently
interpreted. 58 Against the north end of the screen
facing the nave is a long oak seat with panelled back,
and there is a square oak pew in the north-east corner
of the sanctuary. The altar table is of oak, and is
probably the one given in ijc^. 56 There are no
communion rails, and the seats in the church are
modern benches without backs.

The floor of the sanctuary is slightly raised round
the table and along the north side. Below the table
is a 14th-century double sepulchral stone, 3 ft. 9 in.
square, with two floreated crosses marking the burial-

place of Sir Adam and Lady Alicia de Clitheroe.
The inscription, which is very much worn and
defaced, is read as : ' AMEN, me JACET DOMINVS ADA

DE CLIDEROV M(lLEs) (p)ROPICIETVR DEVS HIC JACET

. . . ADE. CVIVS A1E PROPICIETVR DEVS.' 57 On

the south side of the sanctuary are two other
sepulchral slabs, one 6 ft. long with an incised cross,
broken at the top, and the other 5 ft. 9 in. long
with raised floreated cross within a circle. In the
floor close by, now partly hidden by seating, is the
tombstone with Latin inscription of Bishop Petre,
vicar apostolic of the northern district, who died in
1775 at Showley Hall.

A scheme for the restoration of the chapel in 1888
was abandoned. 58 There is a small cemetery on
three sides of the building, and a public path through
the fields passes it on the west side. On the south
side is the base of an old cross.

ALSTON WITH HOTHERSALL

Alston, 1292 ; occasionally an h is prefixed.

Hudereshale, 1199; Hudersale, 1212; Huddres-
hal, 1254; Hordeshal, 1256; Hudersale, Huderis-
hale, Hodereshale, 1292 ; Hothersall, xvi cent.

This township is within the hundred of Amounder-
ness. Its area is 3,078^ acres, of which Alston has
2,040 and Hothersall 1,038^.' The population in
1901 numbered 2,007.2 The two portions, Hother-
sall being to the east and Alston to the west, are now
considered independent townships. Norcross is in
the south-west of Hothersall. The surface is hilly,
the general slope being from north to south, and
many brooks flow southwards through wooded valleys
to join the Ribble. In the bends of this river lie
areas of level land. There are no villages or note-
worthy hamlets in the greater part of the area, but
on the extreme northern edge lies a part of Long-
ridge.

The principal road is one from Preston to Long-
ridge, and there is another near the northern border
from this town to Ribchester. The Preston and
Longridge line of the London and North Western
and Lancashire and Yorkshire Companies' railways
runs along the north-western boundary.

At Hothersall Hall ' a demon is supposed to be
" laid " under a laurel tree until he can spin a rope
from the sands of the River Ribble, which runs near
the house.' 3

Before the Conquest it is supposed
MANORS that Alston was a part of Dilworth.
Afterwards, when Dilworth proper be-
came part of the honor of Clitheroe, Alston and

See Smith, Rochester, 134-5,
where illustrations of the font and the
carved shields are given. The shields,
beginning at the west, are as follows :
(i) I H C ; (z) the sacred heart, hinds
and feet ; (3) the initial* T. P. ; (4.1 a
quatrefoil, on a chief a cross ; (5) arms
of Clitheroe of Salesbury ; (6) arms of
Hothersall of Hothersall ; (7) five bulls'
heads caboshed in cross ; (8) arms of
Newport of Salop. ' Every effort has
been made to identify nos. 4 and 7, but
without success.' It has been suggested
that the initials T. P. refer to the name
of the donor, that P. stands for Prior and
that the letters stand for Turcopolier, one
of the official titles in the Order of St.

John. Smith suggests they are the initials
of Sir Thomas Pemberton, preceptor of
Newland, under which Stidd was a camera
and that the font was a gift from the
Preceptory. Whitaker assigns no. 4 to
the Knights Hospitallers, but gives no
explanation of the other arms. Smith
acknowledges indebtedness in his inter-
pretations to Sir Henry Diyden, bart.,
F.S.A., and to Mr. Joseph Gillow.

56 'Dec. i 1703. This day Mr. Ogden,
vicar of Ribchester, gave y e communion
table at Stid Church and caused the long
seat in the church to be fixt under the
south window ' 5 Church Book quoted by
Smith, Ribchester, 132.

87 Smith, op. cit. 136. There is an
illustration in Cutts's Sepulchral Slabs,
plate Ixiv.

58 A report on the state of the structure
with suggestions for its repair, a copy of
which has been communicated by the
present rector, was made in that year.
Some portions of it are quoted by Smith,
op. cit. 1323.

1 Alston, 2,037 acres ; Hothersall,
1,056 ; including 46 and 24 acres of
inland water respectively ; Census Rep.
1901.

2 Of these 1,865 were ' n Alston, in-
cluding Longridge.

8 Harland and Wilkinson, Legends and
Traditions, 240.

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

Hothersall remained in the king's hands, being held
of him in thegnage.

In the survey of 1 2 1 2 it was found that Thomas
de Burnhull held half a plough-land in chief by the
service of 4/. 4 This was ALSTON. It did not
descend like Brindle, but became divided between
the lords of Samlesbury and Lathom, each holding
nominally a moiety, but the former paying 3*. rent
and the latter u. 5 The original partition was pro-
bably in the ratio of the thegnage rents into 3
oxgangs of land and l oxgang for William son of
Roger de Samlesbury about 1230 granted 3 oxgangs

of land in Alston to Adam de Hoghton. 6 From
this time onwards the Hoghtons of Hoghton were
the immediate lords of a moiety of the manor, 7
the mesne lordship of Samlesbury being frequently
ignored 8 ; while the other moiety descended, like
Lathom, to the Stanleys, Earls of Derby. 9 There are
at Walton-le-Dale Court Rolls of Alston from 1672 to
1690. The Hoghton manor was in 1772 sold to
William Shaw the younger, 10 and is now said to be
held by Mr. William Cross of Red Scar.

In the 1 3th and I4th centuries one or more
families are found bearing the local name. 11 The

4 Lanes. Inq. and Extents (Rec. Soc.
Lanes, and Ches.), i, 50. Peter de
Burnhull paid 45. for half a plough-land
in Alston held in thegnage in 1226 ;
ibid, i, 139. The 4*. rent was paid to
the Earl of Lancaster in 1297, but the
tenants' names are not recorded ; ibid.
289.

* In 1324 Nicholas D'Ewyas and
Robert de Holland held a moiety of the
manor of Alston by the service of 31.
yearly ; the other moiety was held by
Robert de Lathom, who rendered izd. ;
Dods. MSS. cxxxi, fol. 39.

Again in 1346 Gilbert de Southworth,
in right of his wife, and Robert de Holland,
held the fourth part of a plough-land in
Alston by a rent of 31., and Thomas de
Lathom also held the fourth part of a
plough-land by a rent of 12 d. \ Survey of
1346 (Chet. Soc.), 48.

A century later Richard Hoghton was
said to hold the fourth part of a plough-
land by a rent of I2</. (for 3*.), and
Sir Thomas Stanley similarly by izd.
rent ; Extent of 1445-6 in Duchy of
Lane. Knights' Fees, bdle. 2, no. 20. In
the former case the intermediate lordship
has been ignored.

6 Add. MS. 32106, no. 226. A rent
of 3.1. C)d. was to be paid to the grantor
and his heirs. The witnesses included
Sir William le Boteler (who died in or
before 1233) and Emery his son.

In 1282 William son of Jordan de
Preston and Alice his wife claimed the
latter's dower in half an oxgang of land
in Alston against Adam de Hoghton ;
De Banco R. 47, m. 49.

7 In addition to the manor the Hoghtons
purchased other lands in Alston. William
de Bury released to Richard son of Adam
de Hoghton all claim in Alston and in
Elmetridding in Chipping and Goos-
nargh, and Richard de Bury, brother of
William, in 1306 undertook to see that
the sale was carried through when William
should come of age ; Add. MS. 32106,
no. 218, 225. Other acquisitions are
noticed later.

In 1312 Richard son of Adam de
Hoghton granted to Richard his son his
manors of Alston, Hothersall and Dil-
worth, together with the services of all
the free tenants ; ibid. no. 708. At the
same time he notified the free tenants
concerning this gift; ibid. no. 721. A
year later, by fine, a moiety of the manors
of Alston, Hothersall and Dilworth was
settled upon Richard son of Richard de
Hoghton by Richard son of Adam de
Hoghton ; Final Cone. (Rec. Soc. Lanes,
and Ches.), ii, 14. Thomas son of Sir
Adam de Hoghton in 1316 released to
Richard son of his brother Richard de
Hoghton all his claim to the manor of
Alston and lands in Hothersall, Dilworth,
Goosnargh, &c. ; ibid. no. 710.

John son of William Jonesson de

Alston in 1 349 made a feoffment of
3 acres lying together in the western part
of his field ; the bounds began at Sir Adam
de Hoghton's land and went across the
grantor's field towards the east ' until
3 acres of land were fully complete ' ;
ibid. no. 217.

Agnes wife of Adam de Bowland in
1350 gave 2 acres of arable land and an
orchard to her husband for his life ; ibid.
no. 196. Afterwards (1362) she gave
him all the land descending to her after
the death of John son of William son of
John ; ibid. no. 222. Two years later
Adam and Agnes granted the whole to
Sir Adam de Hoghton ; ibid. no. 213.

In 1377 Sir Adam de Hoghton and
Ellen his wife made a settlement of a
moiety of the manors of Alston, Dilworth
and Hothersall ; the remainder was to
Sir Henry, son of Sir Adam, and his
heirs male ; Final Cone, iii, 3. The free
tenants in Alston appear to have been
Robert de Alston, William Albyn, Adam
de Ellel and John son of Adam de Ellel.
The settlement was probably varied, for
in 1386 Sir Adam de Hoghton released
his manors to the feoffees ; Add. MS.
32106, no. 720. Sir Henry de Hoghton
does not seem to have had anything in
Alston (Lanes. Inq. p.m. [Chet. Soc.], ii,
43), but Sir Richard (son of Sir Adam)
de Hoghton gave to the feoffees his
manors, specially naming the moiety of
the manor of Alston ; Add. MS. 32106,
no. 718. Again in 1415 Sir Gilbert de
Kighley and Ellen his wife (formerly wife
of Sir Henry de Conway and Sir Adam de
Hoghton) granted Sir Richard de Hoghton
their manor of Alston ; ibid. no. 206.
Sir Richard held half the manor in 1422
by the rent of 31. ; Lanes. Inq. p.m.
(Chet. Soc.), i, 146. In 1433 his suc-
cessor Sir Richard granted John Elswick,
rector of Ribchester, a parcel of his waste
in the vill of Alston ; Add. MS. 32106,
no. 220.

8 This moiety is supposed to be that
settled upon Fromund de Norhampton
and Hawise his wife in 1321 ; Final Cone.
ii, 42.

In 1363 Edmund Maunsell released
his right in a moiety of the manor of
Alston to Sir William de Windsor ; Hist.
MSS. Com. Rep. x, App. iv, 226.

The Samlesbury lordship was recognized
in 1499 and 1519, when it was found
that Alexander and William Hoghton
had held a moiety of the manor of Alston
of Thomas Earl of Derby and John
(Thomas) Southworth by a rent of "j\d. ;
Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. iii, no. 66 ;
v, no. 66. IB the later inquisitions (1559
onward) this moiety of the manor was
stated to be held of the sovereign as Duke
of Lancaster in socage ; ibid, xi, no. 2, &c.

Bridget Brown, widow, held certain
land in Alston of the queen (the owner,
Thomas Hoghton, being a fugitive), pnd

also had a boat in the Ribble at Alston,
and gave to her nephew George Clarkson ;
but at her death in 1578 or 1579 one
George Cawvell (Cowell) took possession,
claiming by grant of Thomas Hoghton ;
Duchy of Lane. Plead. Eliz. ex, C i ;
cxxi, C 12.

The younger Thomas Hoghton in Aug.
1581 granted to Elizabeth widow of
Alexander Hoghton, among other things,
the capital messuage called Alston Hal)
for her life ; Add. MS. 32106, no. 878.

9 The tenure of this moiety of the
manor as recorded after the death of
Thomas de Lathom (1370) is singular,
but throws light on the second para-
graph of the last note. It was stated
that he had held it of Thomas la Warr
by knight's service and a rent of 41., and
that William de Windsor held it of him
by the same service ; Duchy of Lane. Inq.
p.m. ii, no. 7.

The moiety of Alston is named in the
inquisition after the death of Thomas,
second earl, in 1521. In right of
Samlesbury the Earls of Derby had also a
share in the superior lordship of the other
moiety of the manor of Alston.

The rental compiled in 1522 (in the
possession of the Earl of Lathom) shows
that the free tenants paid us. n^d.
rent ; there are named Roger Elston
(formerly Richard Ellel), Christopher
Norcross, Ellis Ellel, John Alston and
Henry Hoghton (is.) ; the Abbot of
Sawley paid 31. \d. for leading the water
from the Ribble to his mill near Sunder-
land Grange. The tenants at will (twelve
tenements) paid ^12 6s. $d. The manor,
demesne lands and water-mills had been
demised to John Cowell at a rent of
7 4*. ; a close in the demesne, called
Roberhagh, was demised to Robert Ellel
at 8j. rent. There were some small
rents also from improvements of the
waste. No courts had been held, nor
had any heriots or gressums been paid
during that year. The free rent of i id.
due to the king lor the manor had been
duly paid to the bailiff of Blackburnshire.

After the forfeiture of James, the
seventh earl, some of his messuages and
lands in Alston were sold by the Parlia-
ment in 1652 ; Royalist Comp. Papers
(Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.), ii, 238.

The manor of Alston is named in a
recovery of the Earl of Derby's estates as
late as 1776 ; PaL of Lane. Plea R. 623,
m. la.

10 Pal. of Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 387,
m. 114. The deforciants were Sir Henry
Hoghton and Frances his wife.

About 1830 the Alston Hall estate
was owned by the Riddells of Cheesburn ;
T. C. Smith, Chipping, 161.

11 Robert lord of Alston granted an acre
in Alston to Robert son of William de
Whittingham at a rent of 4</.; Add. MS.
32106, no. 223. Mabot daughter of

p
P

BLACKBURN HUNDRED

RIBCHESTER

Hothersalls had a share of Alston also, and this seems
to have been acquired by the Hoghtons. 12 Later
some of the neighbouring landowners had estates in
this part of the township, 13 but few other records of
Alston occur. 14 Thomas Cutler died in 1604 holding
a messuage, &c., of the Earl of Derby and Sir Richard
Hoghton by a rent of 6s. 15 During the Common-
wealth period two-thirds of the estate of Benjamin
Eccles at Colland Banks was sequestered for his
recusancy, 16 and Thomas Grimshaw suffered for the
same cause. 17 Thomas Gregson and several others
registered estates as 'Papists' in lyry. 18

The family of Norcross of Ribchester and Alston

was formerly of some note. 19 A branch of the Dew-
hursts registered a pedigree in 1665, being described
as < of Alston.' 20

HOTHERSALL in 1212 was held by Swain son of
Robert, to whom it had been granted by King John
first when Count of Mortain and afterwards on coming
to the throne in 1 1 99. 2I It was assessed as 2 oxgangs
of land, and a thegnage rent of 5/. was rendered. 22
Swain, living in 1226, was followed by a son
Thomas de Hothersall, who died in 1256 or 1257
holding the 2 oxgangs of land in Hothersall and an
oxgang and a half in Alston ; Robert his son and
heir was of full age. 23 The descent cannot be clearly

Robert de Alston, a widow, released to
her brother Robert ' land with which she
had been freely married ' to William son
of Walter de Penwortham ; Dods. MSS.
Ixx, fol. 155.

Roger son of Richard de Alston ex-
changed his part of Croneberihall in Eccles-
ton for land in Alston with Adam de
Hoghton ; to this Roger Gernet, Benedict
his son, Vivian Gernet and Thomas
de Beetham were witnesses ; Add. MS.
32106, no. 208. About 1247 Roger dc
Alston granted land to Walter son of
Richard son of Uctred at a rent of izd.;
ibid. no. 348. The date is fixed by one
of the witnesses, Matthew de Redmayn,
being described as ' then sheriff.' By
another charter John de Alston gave his
three daughters (joan, Maud and Kathe-
rine) all his land in Alston, a rent of i zd.
being due to Walter de Alston ; ibid,
no. 202.

Roger de Alston and Richard his son
occur as witnesses ; ibid. no. 197. Richard
de Alston was lord in 1257 ; Lanes. Inq.
p.m. i, 204.

In 1292 Grimbald de Alston was the
principal owner. William son of William
de Alston claimed the sixteenth part of
certain land and wood in Alston against
Grimbald, who had entry through Roger
de Alston, the grantee of Richard de
Alston ; Assize R. 408, m. 68. William
son of Robert atte Yate also claimed the
sixteenth part of the same land ; ibid,
m. 70 d. The jury rejected these claims,
as also a further one by William son of
William ; ibid. m. 8 d.

Anabel widow of William de Porta
(atte Yate) released to Richard de Alston
her dower right in land which Richard and
Amery his wife had recovered by suit at
Lancaster ; William on of William the
Clerk of Alston was a witness ; Add. MS.
32106, no. 20 1 ; Assize R. 408, m. 3 i d.
Adam de Alston obtained land from Adam
son of Gerard de Hothersall in Hehefield,
Whitecross, Brerecroft and Whitecarr ;
Add. MS. 32106, no. 224. Robert son of
Swain de Hothersall gave Amery his
daughter and her issue all his land in
Alstonfield and 2 acres in Alstonholme ;
ibid. no. 198. Then the above-named
William son of Robert de Porta gave
Richard son of Adam de Alston and
Amery his wife all his land in ' Lymwel-
ridding ' in the vill of Alston ; Grimbald
de Alston was a witness ; ibid. no. 204.
Then Amery widow of Richard granted to
Richard her son all her land in ' Lamewel-
ridding' in 1321 ; ibid. no. 207. Richard
son of Hitchcock de Alston in 1325 sold
his land in Alstonholme to Sir Richard de
Hoghton ; ibid. no. 199.

Alice widow of Grimbald de Alston
claimed dower in the manor of Alston in
1308 against Henry de Rimington and

Amery his wife; De Banco R. 170,
m. 200 d.

Swain de Hothersall gave Robert his
son the half oxgang of land in Alston which
Waltheof had held ; a rent of \d. was to
be paid ; Add. MS. 32106, no. 197.
Robert son of Swain afterwards granted
Sir Adam de Hoghton all his land in the
Hokefield and in the Brerecroft, receiving
2Os. in return ; ibid. no. 21$.

Adam son of Gerard de Hothersall gave
Robert son of Stephen de Hothersall and
Roger son of Roger of the same 3 acres in
Whitecarr, they releasing to him all their
right in i J oxgangs of land in Alston ;
ibid. no. 20$. William ton of Adam de
Hothersall granted half an oxgang of land
in Alston (formerly held by Richard son
of Adam de Hoghton) to Adam son of
Adam and Amery de Hoghton ; ibid,
no. 211. William le Boteler, 'then
sheriff,' was a witness, so that the date was
about 1260.

In 1373 William son of Henry de
Dutton purchased a messuage and land in
Alston from Richard son of John de
Hothersall and Emma his wife ; Final
Cone, ii, 187 ; Add. MS. 32107, no. 203.

u The Shireburnes of Stonyhurst had
land in Alston, but the tenure it not
recorded.

Edward Radcliffe of Dilworth in 1617
held land in Alston of Sir Richard Hogh-
ton ; Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Rec. Soc. Lanes,
and Ches.), ii, 152.

14 In 1382 William Albyn of Alston
and Joan his wife held a third part of two
messuages and certain land in Alston ;
Final Cone, iii, 14.

u Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and
Ches.), i, 107. Thomas Cutler, son and
heir of Thomas, was twenty-six years of
age.

16 Royalist Camp. Papers (Rec. Soc. Lanes,
and Ches.), ii, 270-4. Benjamin Eccles
grandson of Thomat had in 1587 a lease
from the Earl of Derby. Samuel King
claimed the land in 1654, after the death
of Ecclet, alleging that his father had
purchased from the earl. The seques-
tered two-thirds had been let in 1652 to
Thomat Gregson.

17 Ibid, iii, 133-5. Thomas Grim-
shaw's right was derived from hit wife
Jane, who at widow of one Thomat
Duddell had a capital messuage in Altton
and landt in Thornley. Jane having died
the property wat in 1651 claimed by Roger
Sudell, in right of his wife Grace, daughter
of William Duddell, heir of Thomas.

William Sanderson, another recusant,
desired in 1654 to be allowed to contract
for his estate ; Cat. Com. for Camp, v,
3194.

18 Estcourt and Payne, Engl. Cath. Non-
jurors, 102, 137, 140, 150. The other
names were : Anne Hothersall, widow,

Robert Tomlinson, John Duckworth
(Duckett) and Anne hit wife and William
Walmesley.

lr T. C. Smith, Ribchester, 249. James
Norcross 'of Dilworth' in 1631 paid 10
on refusing knighthood ; Misc. (Rec. Soc.
Lanes, and Ches.), i, 218.

20 Dugdale, Viiit. (Chet. Soc.), 97.

11 Chart. R. (Rec. Com.), 27.

M Lanes. Inq. and Extents, i, 50. Swain's
name occurt again in 1226 ; ibid, i, 139 ;
and the payment of the 51. rent it re-
corded among the Earl of Lancaster's
receiptt in 1297 ; ibid, i, 289. A charter
of Swain ton of Robert it cited below
(note 41).

Swain had teveral tont. His grant to
Robert, one of them, has been cited
above ; also a grant by Robert in Altton.
William Moton granted land in Rib-
chester to Richard ton of Swain de
Hothertall ; Add. MS. 32106, no. 284.
Alan ton of Roger ton of Swain de
Hothersall granted all his land to Adam
de Hoghton ; ibid. no. 24, fol. 244.

There were other families taking a
surname from the place, but their con-
nexion with Swain cannot be traced. For
instance, Adam son of Gerard, Robert
ton of Stephen, Roger and Hugh occur
between 1250 and 1260 ; Lanes. Inq. and
Extents, i, 183, &c. Robert ton of
Stephen de Hothertall confirmed part of
hit land to Henry ton of Geoffrey de
Ribchester; Add. MS. 32106, no. 23,
fol. 244. Adam son of Gerard de Hother-
tall gave his cousin Robert ton of Stephen
parcels of land in Scalecroft and other
placet in the field of Hothertall ; ibid.
no. i. The tame Adam granted hit
titter Godith't ton William 5 acres in
the vill of Hothertall ; ibid. no. 14.

Hugh ton of William de Hothersall
gave hit daughter Agnet various lands,
Roughley, Frendesforth, Oldfieldhalgh,
Brerefurlong, Crocland and Great Hold
being named. Hugh had a brother and
a ton each named Roger ; ibid. no. 4.
Roger ton of Roger exchanged with
William ton of Hugh certain lands, the
place-names including Oldfield, Rese-
ditch, Bradleybone ; ibid. no. 55. To
this deed Robert son of Stephen, Alan
his ton, Thomas, Adam and Robert hit
son, all ' de Hothertall,' were witnetset.
Other chartert of Roger dc Hothertall son
of Roger are in the tame collection,
no. 20, 41, 51, 52. 'Thomas son of
Swain ' it named in teveral of them.

28 Lanes. Inq. and Extents, i, 204.
Thomat it no doubt the Thomas too
of Swain of the preceding note. Again,
Thomas de Hothertall and Richard hi
brother attested a Dilworth grant (Add.
MS. 32106, no. 313), and Richard't
parentage hat been shown. Robert the
ton and heir of Thomat paid 51. at relief

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

traced, but Thomas de Hothersall held the manor
in I324 24 and his son Robert in 1346 by the 5/.
rent. 25 In 1445-6 the 2 oxgangs of land were held
by the heir of Adam Hothersall by the same rent. 26

Robert Hothersall died in 1558 holding the manor,
i.e. the capital messuage of Hothersall with other
messuages, lands, &c., of the queen as of her duchy
of Lancaster by free thegnage and a rent of 5-f. 27
John his son and heir was fifty-four years of age in
1577. John Hothersall was in 1576 reported to the
Privy Council by the Bishop of Chester as one of
those 'of longest obstinacy against religion,' whose
resistance had encouraged many others to refrain from
' embracing the queen's majesty's proceedings.' 2ii He
made a settlement of his estate in I579- 29 His suc-

cessor seems to have been Richard Hothersall, who
was a freeholder in i6oo, so and died in 1 6 10, leaving
a son John, aged twenty-five. 31 John was in 1632
succeeded by his brother Thomas, 32 who recorded a
pedigree in 1665, being then about eighty years of
age. 33 John, his eldest son, had been killed at the
siege of Greenhalgh Castle in 1645, and George,
another son, lost his life at Liverpool in 1644, both
fighting for the royal cause. 34

John's eldest son Thomas succeeded to Hother-
sall. 35 He had several children. The eldest son,
John, took part in the Jacobite rising of 1715, and
was captured at Preston ; escaping, he managed to
elude recapture, and lived secretly with his sister
Anne, wife of William Leckonby. 36 This sister and

on succeeding ; Originalia R. 41 Hen. Ill,
m. 2.

Adam de Hothersall and Richard his
brother gave half a mark for a writ in
1258-9 ; ibid. m. 6. They seem to have
been sons of Thomas.

Robert chief lord of Hothersall about
1280 granted Adam de Gouldebrough a
plat on the eastern side of Bradley, the
bounds beginning at Bolkin (or Bolin)
Brook and descending Ayothalgh, and
thence by lands of Sir Adam de Hoghton
and Richard de Bradley to the starting-
point ; ibid. no. 47, fol. 248.

Robert son of Thomas de Hothersall,
Richard de Byron and Margery his wife,
Robert son of Stephen and William son
of Roger de Hothersall allowed Sir Adam
de Hoghton to make a mill on the Kibble ;
ibid. no. 36. Margery was probably one
of the sisters Margery and Isabel, daughters
of Robert son of Stephen, who made a
grant in 1288 to Robert Ward of Hother-
sall and Mabel his wife ; ibid. no. 38.

In 1292 the various disputes which had
arisen between Robert de Hothersall and
Adam son of Adam de Hoghton were
referred to the judgement of six men of
the district ; ibid. no. 40.

In the same year Simon son of Agnes
de Ribchester and grandson of Henry son
of Hawise de Ribchester claimed various
messuages and lands against Thomas son
of Robert de Hothersall, against Robert and
William other sons, and against Adam
and John, other sons of Robert, but the
jury decided against him ; Assize R. 408,
m. 35. Edusa daughter of Thomas de
Hothersall and widow of Adam de Dutton
formally acknowledged that she had re-
leased to Adam son of Thomas de Hother-
sall her right to certain land in the place ;
ibid. m. 20. Edusa seems afterwards
(1308) to have denied her charter ; De
Banco R. 173, m. 418 d.

2 Dods. MSS. cxxxi, fol. 39. Thomas's
parentage is shown by a claim made in
1 308-9 by Robert le Ward of Hothersall
respecting the eighth part of certain lands ;
the defendants were Master Richard de
Hoghton and Thomas son of Robert dc
Hothersall, whose widow Ellen was joined
in the defence ; Assize R. 428, m. i.
The father may be the Robert son of
Robert of 1292.

Richard son of Adam de Hoghton gave
Thomai son of Robert de Hothersall, in
free marriage with his daughter Margery,
lands in Eastwood, Uckemonsriddings, &c.,
in 1311; Add. MS. 32107, no. 349.
In 1339 Sir Richard de Hoghton, Thomas
son of Robert de Hothersall and Robert
le Ward claimed a tenement against John
son of Hugh de Stapleton ; Assize R. 427,
m. 3 d.

Sur-v. of 1346 (Chet. Soc.), 58. In
the preceding year Adam son of Sir
Richard de Hoghton, as feoffee, granted
to Robert de Hothersall and Maud his
wife various lands and services and the
reversion of those held as dower by Mar-
gery widow of Thomas de Hothersall ;
Add. MS. 32107, no. 349^. That
Robert was the son of Thomas appears
from a suit in 1348; Assize R. 1444,
m. 8. He had a brother Richard living
in 1349 (Add. MS. 32106, no. 293), and
to Richard son of Thomas de Hothersall
had in 1331 been granted by Agnes
widow of Richard de Turnley 2 acres in
the vill of Hothersall ; ibid. 32107, no.
382. Another brother was Roger, to
whom in 1340 Robert de Hothersall
granted land in a place called the Leigh ;
ibid. no. 378.

36 Duchy of Lane. Knights' Fees,
bdle. 2, no. 20.

In 1362 Adam de Threlfall, Silicia his
wife, Adam son of Robert de Hothersall,
Joan his wife and various others had a
dispute with Sir Adam de Hoghton re-
specting tenements in Hothersall ; Add.
MS. 32107, no. 352 ; 32106, no. 39
(fol. 246).

In 1394 Adam de Hothersall made a
feoffment of all his lands, &c., in Alston ;
Add. MS. 32107, no. 356. Adam in
1406 allowed Sir Richard de Hoghton to
alienate land for the endowment of the
new chantry in Ribchester Church ; Add.
MS. 32106, no. 290. In 1414 Adam
on of Robert Hothersall granted Aspel-
carr in Ribchester to his son Richard ;
Kuerden MSS. iv, R 14. Adam was still
living in 1427, when he gave land called
the Intakes in Alston and Hothersall to
Ughtred Hothersall and Joan his wife,
daughter of John Catterall ; Add. MS.
32107, no. 365. At the same time Adam
and Ughtred made a feoffment of lands in
Alston, Hothersall and Ribchester ; ibid.
no. 373.

Ughtred was probably a grandson of
Adam. He was living in 1458 (Add.
MS. 32106, no. 295) and had a son and
heir Robert, named several times in the
reign of Edward IV ; Add. MS. 32107,
no. 361, 376. Bernard was another son
(ibid. no. 383), who occurs in 1447 ; Pal.
of Lane. Plea R. 10, m. 42. Katherine
wife of Ughtred Hothersall gave a receipt
to Ellen widow of Richard Catterall in
1468 ; Add. MS. 32107, no. 386. Ugh-
tred in 1470 released to William Cottam
of Alston various lands in Hothersall in
Alston which had belonged to Thomas
Hothersall ; ibid. no. 366.

In 1479 Richard Towneley complained
that Ughtred, Robert and Gilbert Hother-
sall had broken into his close at Hother-

sail and cut down trees to the value
of 401. ; Pal. of Lane. Writs Proton.
19 Edw. IV. Robert Hothersall seems
to have been the head of the family in
1487; Add. MS. 32106, no. 310. In
1493 Jh n Towneley complained of
trespass by Robert Hothersall, Richard
Hothersall the elder and Richard the
younger 5 Pal. of Lane. Plea R. 77, m. 2.
At this point the succession is un-
certain, but in 1533 John son of Robert,
son and heir of Richard Hothersall, was
contracted to marry Anne daughter of
John Talbot of Salesbury ; Shireburne
Abstract Bk. at Leagram.

27 Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. xii, no. 21.
The inquisition was not made until 1577.
No land in Alston is recorded, but he had
held i acres in Ribchester of Robert
Lynalx.

Robert Hothersall was involved in
tithe disputes in 1536-41 ; Ducatus Lane.
(Rec. Com.), i, 155, 160.

28 Gillow, Bibl. Diet, of Engl. Cath. Hi,
410.

George Hothersall, a son of John, was
educated for the priesthood at Rheims
and Valladolid (1585-93); he returned
to England on the mission, but was
arrested and exiled, becoming a monk at
Douay in 1615. It is believed that he
returned to England and died in Lancashire
in 1633 ; ibid.

29 Pal. of Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 41,
m. 182.

30 Misc. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.),
i, 232.

31 Lanes, and Ches. Inj. p.m. (Rec. Soc
Lanes, and Ches.), i, 166. 'Shuffling
John Hothersall ' is mentioned by the
Puritan Nicholas Assheton in 1618 ;
Journal (Chet. Soc.), 99.

32 Towneley MS. C 8, 13 (Chet. Lib.),
505. Thomas Hothersall is described as
thirty years of age and more.

33 Dugdale, Visit. (Chet. Soc.), 153.
84 Gillow, op. cit. iii, 408.

35 A settlement of the manor of
Hothersall and lands there and in Alston
was made in 1673, Thomas Hothersall
being the plaintiff in the fine and William
Hothersall, with his son and heir Thomas,
the deforciants ; Pal. of Lane. Feet of F.
bdle. 190, m. 70. William would be the
uncle of the former Thomas. William
Hothersall, Grace his wife and Thomas
Hothersall were among the recusants of
Alston in 1667 ; T. C. Smith, Ribchester,
62. Thomas was outlawed for the same
in 1679-80 ; ibid. 63.

86 Smith, op. cit. 227. As the father,
Thomas Hothersall, was living the estates
were not forfeited, but were left to the
daughters. The father died in 1720. His
will is in the Piccope MSS. (Chet. Lib.),

BLACKBURN HUNDRED

RIBCHESTER

another, Margery wife of Edward Winstanley, after-
wards divided the estates, the manor of Hothersall fall-
ing to the former and descending to her son Richard
Leckonby. On his becoming bankrupt in 1763
the manor was offered for sale, 37 but seems to have
been retained in the family till the end of the cen-
tury. 38 The Hothersall Hall estate was purchased in
1852 by Jonathan Openshaw, and has since been
much augmented. It is now the property of Mr.
Frederick Openshaw. 39 The Hall was rebuilt in
1856 in a plain modern Gothic style on the site of
the old house 39a in a low situation close to the right
bank of the Ribble. No part of the former house
remains,. with the exception of a carved stone built

into the wall of one of the outbuildings on which
are the arms of Hothersall, together with the initials
T-H- and the date i695. 39b

A moiety of the manor was held by the Hoghton
family. 40 It seems to have been a composite estate,
formed by purchasing various portions. 41 The tenure
is not stated in the inquisitions, and the 5/. thegnage
rent was always paid by the Hothersalls. In 1 6 1 o it
was purchased by John Dewhurst from Sir Richard
Hoghton and Katherine his wife, 42 and in 1621
William Dewhurst was found to have held messuages
and lands in Hothersall of the king in socage. 43

An ancient estate in this part of the township was
i that of the Bradleys of Thornley, 44 descending to the

iii, 204, from znd-jrd Roll of Geo. I at
Preston. By it he left Hothersall Hall to
Alexander Osbaldeston, as trustee for the
testator's daughters. See also ibid, iii,
380, from Roll 5 of Geo. III.

37 Pedigree in Piccope MSS. ii, 233 ;
Gillow, op. cit. iv, 284. The descent is
thus given : William Leckonby of Eccles-
ton in the Fylde m. Anne Hothersall
-s. Richard m. Mary daughter and heir
of William Hawthornthwaite of Stony-
hurst and heir also of the Liveseys of
Button -s. William -da. Mary m. (1799)
T. H. Hele-Phipps of Wiltshire.

38 In 1801 Thomas Ingilby was plaintiff
and William Rigby deforciant in a fine
respecting the manor of Hothersall and
tenements there ; Pal. of Lane. Lent
Assizes 41 Geo. III.

Robert Parker was residing at the
hall in 1825 (Lanes. Dir.) and Martin
was owner about 1836 ; Raines, Lanes.
(ed. i), iii, 387.

89 The estate, ' after passing through
several hands, became the property of the
late Jonathan Openshaw esq. of Bury, to
whose nephew, Frederick Openshaw, esq.
J.P., it now [1890] belongs'; T. C.
Smith, op. cit. 227. Particulars are
given of a family picture of the Leckon-
bys. The same writer gives the legend
of the laying of the Hothersall Hall
devil ; ibid. 73. For an account of the
Openshaw family ee T. C. Smith,
Longridge, 139.

39a The old house is described as having
been in a 'dilapidated state' when pulled
down ; T. C. Smith, Longridge, 139.
39b Th e 8 tone is illustrated ibid. 132.
40 The Hoghton family's estate has
been referred to in preceding notes.
Adam son and heir of Adam de Hoghton
warranted to Agnes, his father's widow,
a messuage and land in Hothersall claimed
by John de Church and Alice his wife.
Alice was the sister and heir of William
and John de Hothersall, from whom
Adam de Hoghton the elder had had the
land ; Assize R. 408, m. 50.

The estate was described as a moiety
of the manor in 1377 ; Final Cone, iii, 3.
Usually, however, no 'manor* is named
in the inquisitions, and the messuages,
lands, &c., are stated to be held of the
king as duke by services unknown ;
Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Chct. Soc.), ii, 127 ;
Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. iii, no. 66. In
1590 the estate is again called a manor,
but the service was unknown ; ibid, xv,
no. 39.

41 Many of the Hoghton charters have
already been cited from Add. MS. 32106,
fol. 241 on ; 32107, no. 290, &c.

Swain son of Robert granted Octe-
pranus son of Ughtred an eighth part of
the vill of Hothersall, to be held in free

thegnage by a rent of jfad. ; Add. MS.
32106, no. 19, fol. 243. This was pro-
bably the eighth part of the vill which
John son of Roger de Hothersall after-
wards gave to Sir Adam de Hoghton ;
ibid. no. 22. Sir Adam granted certain
easements in the eighth part of the vill ;
ibid. no. 34.

Richard de Amethalgh and Christiana
his wife gave their daughter Avice the
lands they held of St. Saviour's Hospital.
The bounds began at a broken bank by
the Ribble, upon Hepewell, went north
by Merecliff to Stiropeclough, and so
down again to the Ribble ; ibid. no. 5,
50. Avice married John de Wickles-
worth, and this land was granted to Adam
de Hoghton in or before 1275 ; ibid. no.
6, 48, 53. Alice daughter of Avice de
Hothersall in 1274 gave Maud, her
mother's sister, her right in lands formerly
belonging to her uncle Henry ; ibid,
no. 13.

Richard son of Hugh de Hothersall
granted Adam de Hoghton the homage
and service of Roger his brother and
Adam del Hurst and Agnes his wife,
Roger son of Hugh releasing all his right
in his mother Alice's dower ; ibid. no.
10, 3.

The estate of Robert the Ward was
also acquired by the Hoghtons. Margery
and Isabel daughters of Robert son of
Stephen de Hothersall gave an acre of
land to Robert the Ward of Hothersall
and Mabel his wife in 1288 ; ibid. no. 38.
In 1 292 Robert the Ward claimed common
of pasture against Robert son of Thomas
(de Hothersall) and Adam de Hoghton.
but was non-suited ; Assize R. 408, m.
9 d. It seems probable, from a suit
already cited, that he had an eighth part
of the manor. Robert the Ward and
Mabel his wife acquired other lands down
to 1322 ; Add. MS. 32106, no. 7, 26, 42.
In 1344-5 Sir Richard de Hoghton had
a dispute with Alina widow of Robert
the Ward, who claimed the fourth part of
a moiety of messuages and land in Hother-
sall. She held a fourth part of the town
(or perhaps a fourth of the moiety) in
common with Sir Richard de Hoghton
and Adam de Hoghton, of whom the
former was lord of a third part and the
latter had a moiety of the town ; Assize
R. 1435, m. 37 d., 36. It was found
that Richard, Adam and Alina had
approved the tenements put in view, and
that Richard alone had disseised her.

In 1448 John son of Robert de
Freckleton claimed the eighth part of the
manor of Hothersall against Adam son
of William de Turnley, Margery his wife
and others, including Robert son of
Thomas de Hothersall, Sir Adam de
Hoghton and Mabel widow of Henry de

Turnley. Adam de Hoghton said he was
lord of the manor, which was held of
him by knight's service. Adam de Turn-
ley stated that Robert the Ward had had
the tenement settled on himself and his
heirs by Alina his wife, with remainders
to Henry de Turnley, Adam de Turnley
and Sir Adam de Hoghton. The
claimant admitted this, but said that
Henry de Turnley had released his right
to Alina while she was a widow, but the
verdict was against him ; Assize R. 1444,
m. 8. Adam de Turnley then granted to
Sir Adam de Hoghton all his lands, tene-
ments, rents, &c., in the vill of Hother-
sall ; Add. MS. 32106, no. 8.

Sir Adam de Hoghton in 1375 made a
feoffment of his tenement called the
Blackgreve in Hothersall in the vill of
Alston ; ibid. no. 1 1.

43 Pal. of Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 75,
no. 10. John Dewhurst had, in the time
of Elizabeth, purchased the lands in Rib-
chester and Hothersall previously held by
Crompton and Greenhalgh ; see the
account of Ribchester.

43 Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Rec. Soc. Lanes,
and Ches.), ii, 284.

William Dewhurst and Anne his wife
made a settlement of the manor of
Hothersall in 1649 ; Pal. of Lane. Feet
of F. bdle. 146, m. 153. In a later fine
the deforcianti were William Dewhurst,
Anne his wife, Henry Marsden, Janet
his wife and William Dewhurst, the
plaintiff being Lancelot Bolton ; ibid,
bdle. 179, m. 142.

44 Adam de Hurst in 1316 released to
Adam de Bradley his right in certain land
adjoining Sir Richard de Hoghton's ;
Add. MS. 32106, no. 43 (fol. 247).
Richard de Amethalgh gave Thomas de
Bradley two small plats in a field called
' Cromanhalgh ' in 1318; ibid. no. 59.
In 1319-20 Adam de Bradley granted to
John his son and heir all the land in
Hothersall he had had from Richard son
of Adam del Hurst ; Parlington D. He
also gave his son Thomas land which he
had had from his brother Richard ; Add.
MS. 32106, no. 49. Thomas son of
Adam de Bradley gave lands to his
brothers Robert and John about the same
time ; ibid. no. 37, 54. To his brothers
Simon and William he gave land in
' Cronershalgh ' ; Kuerden fol. MS. 55.
John son of Thomas de Bradley of Chip-
pingdale in 1409 received 10 marks from
Nicholas de York, Abbot of Whalley, in
part payment for ' divers transgressions ' ;
ibid.

Thomas Hesketh of Rufford in 1523
held 8 acres in Alston and Hothersall by
services unknown ; Duchy of Lane. Inq.
p.m. v, no. 1 6. In 1556 Thomas
Bradley purchased lands in Aighton and

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

Osbaldestons. 45 Some smaller estates are known, 4 '
and the family of Naden is distinguished by the Rev.
Thomas Naden, a benefactor of St. John's College,
Cambridge. 47 William Rogerson of Hothersall regis-
tered a small estate in 1 7 1 7 as a ' Papist.' 48

The chapel of ST. LAWRENCE at
CHURCH Longridge is of unknown foundation,
but is named in the rental of the Earl
of Derby's estates in I5Z2. 49 A few particulars of
its ' ornaments ' at the time of the Reformation
have been preserved, 60 but it does not appear to have
had any endowment. It probably ceased to be used
for a time," but was not destroyed or desecrated,
though even in 1650 there was 'neither minister
nor maintenance.'" One, Timothy Smith, was
appointed in 1657," but ejected in 1662." Various
small endowments were afterwards given to it/ 5 and
it was rebuilt in 1716. Bishop Gastrell at that time
found that there was an income of 4 I 3/. \d. for
the minister, received by the vicar of Ribchester,
who held service there once a fortnight. 46 Grants
from Queen Anne's Bounty were obtained in 1730
and later." The Hoghton family claimed to present, 58
but the advowson was purchased in 1829 by the
Hulme Trustees. 59

The church stands on the south side of the town

of Longridge. The old chapel was rebuilt in 1716
and again in 1822, the building of the latter year
being rectangular in plan with galleries and two
tiers of windows at each side. A west tower con-
taining two bells was added in 1841. A restora-
tion, which was begun in 1899 and was completed
in 1906, practically took the form of a further re-
building, only the tower and the main walls being
left standing. A chancel and vestry were added, the
galleries done away with, 60 and the interior of the
building was entirely remodelled. The churchyard,
which slopes away from the building on the south
side, was enlarged in 1878. It contains some frag-
ments of the 18th-century church. There is a clock,
given in 1892, with dials on the north and west
sides of the tower. The register of births begins
in 1760, that of burials in 1789 and of marriages
in iSsS. 60 *

A district chapelry was formed for it in i$6i. 60b
The present income is ^400. A chapel of ease,
St. Paul's, was built in 1890. The following have
been curates and vicars 61 :
1701 Thomas Felgate
1730 Richard Dixon
1743 John Sharpe
1780 Robert Parkinson "

Hothersall from Sir Thomas Hesketh
and Alice his wife ; Pal. of Lane. Feet of
F. bdle. 1 6, m. 12.

Thomas Bradley of Bradley in Thornley
in 1564 held a messuage, &c., in Hother-
sall of John Hothersall by a rent of I2d.\
Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. xi, no. 37 ;
xvii, no. 28.

45 Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Rec. Soc. Lanes,
and Ches.), i, 179.

46 John Seed the elder in 1596 pur-
chased messuages, &c., in Hothersall from
Robert Dobson and Isabel his wife ; Pal.
of Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 59, m. 229.
Dying in 1629 John Seed was found to
have held his estate in Hothersall of the
king ; John his son and heir was fifty
years of age ; Towneley MS. C 8, 13
(Chet. Lib.), 1073.

The Kuerdens of Ribchester had lands
in Hothersall, Adam de Hoghton having
granted a parcel in Ravenhacclough to
Richard de Kuerden at a rent of 6d. ;
Add. MS. 32109, fol. 17, no. 57. This
or adjoining land was in 1336 given to
Nicholas son of Thomas de Hothersall ;
Towneley MS. C 8, 1 3 (Chet. Lib.), K 18.
William son of John de Walton, perhaps
as trustee, secured a messuage and land
from Adam son of Roger de Kuerden and
Agnes his wife in 1352 ; Final Cone, ii,
132. The same Adam son of Roger
made an exchange of lands with Sir Adam
de Hoghton in 1383-4; Add. MS. 32109,
fol. 57, no. 29.

Adam de Threlfall has been named
above. In 1425 Adam Hothersall re-
leased to ' his brother ' John Threlfall of
Goosnargh the elder all right in a mes-
suage in the hamlet of Hothersall in the
vill of Alston ; Add. MS. 32108, no. 880.
Edmund Threlfall of Ashes in Threlfall
in 1617 held land of John Hothersall by
a rent of I zd. ; Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Rec.
Soc. Lanes, and Ches.), ii, 92.

Richard Towneley of Towneley held
land in Hothersall in 1408-54 ; Lanes.
Inq. p.m. (Chet. Soc.), ii, 59. William
Cottamof Dilworth in 1475 granted land
received from Ughtred Hothersall to
Richard Towneley ; Towneley MS. C 8,
13 (Chet. Lib.), C 108,

47 Smith, op. cit. 250 ; A. F. Torry,
Founders and Benefactors, 68. Thomas
son of Edmund Naden of Hothersall was
admitted to St. John's Coll., Camb., in
1669 ; M.A. 1676. He died in 1714
and bequeathed his lands in Alston and
Hothersall to found an exhibition in the
college for students in divinity. The
lands, known as the College farms, were
sold in 1870 and the money invested in
consols ; the income, about 240 a year,
is given to three ' Naden students."

48 Estcourt and Payne, Engl. Cath.
Non-jurors, 105.

49 There is entered ' ^.d. of new rent of
a parcel of land from the lord's waste near
the chapel of Longerygge, containing
J rood of land, enclosed by Richard Fair-
clough.'

60 Raines, Chantries (Chet. Soc.), 262,
277.

51 Robert Cottam, priest, and John
Tomlinson, church reeve, are named at
Longridge in 1554; yet in Raines' note
Robert Cottam is called a ' deacon only '
in 1556. 'He was grave and chaste,
could play on the musiques, and was no
tippler nor diceman ' ; ibid. 262. His
name is not given in the visitation lists.
It was one of the suspicious points in the
story of John Shireburne, rector of Brindle,
that Robert Cottam, once curate of Long-
ridge, had paid him a visit during an
illness ; see the account of Bury Church.

The chapel is named, without any
account of its use, in 1610 ; Hist. MSS.
Com, Rep. xiv, App. iv, 9.

52 Commoniv. Ch. Surv. (Rec. Soc.
Lanes, and Ches.), 169.

68 Plund. Mini. Accts. (Rec. Soc. Lanes,
and Ches.), ii, 202. He was nominated
by the inhabitants, and a stipend was
provided out of the tithes of Ribchester ;
ibid. 223. He had formerly been stationed
at Rainford.

54 The income would cease at the
Restoration, so that the traditional ' ejec-
tion ' in 1662 was little more than
nominal. Timothy Smith continued to
preach in Longridge Chapel occasionally
till his death in 1679 ; T. C. Smith,
Longridge, 64.

From entries in the Ribchester church-
warden's accounts it appears that ' the
king's minister ' and others occasionally
preached at Longridge from 1679 onwards ;
Smith, Ribchester, 108-9.

65 In a dispute as to the liability for
repairs in 1702 it was stated that for
sixty years past it had had ' prayers,
sermons and both sacraments in it.'
Three benefactors had given ^5 a year
to a 'preaching minister,' and for that
Mr. Hargrave (curate of Ribchester)
preached there every fortnight in the
afternoon and had ' a very great congre-
gation ' ; Chester Dioc. Reg.

56 Notitia Cestr. (Chet Soc.), ii, 474.
A rent-charge of 13$. 4^. was given in
1657 for a preaching minister ; ^30 was
given in 1673 and 50 in 1701 and
later.

57 Smith, Longridge, 60. The later
grants were in 1743-5 an ^ I 75^-

68 They probably gave money to meet
the grants from the Bounty. Sir Henry
Hoghton presented Richard Dixon in

49 Smith, op. cit. 59. Since the
trustees acquired the patronage the vicars
have been Hulmeian Exhibitioners of
Brasenose College, Oxford.

60 The two tiers of windows were re-
tained, though the windows themselves
were modernized.

A description of the church in 1870
is given in A. Hewitson's Our Country
Churches, 939.

603 From 1730 baptisms 'at Longridge
Chapel ' are recorded in the Ribchester
registers ; in 1702 there was a burial at
Longridge ; Smith, Ribchester, 198, 2O2.

eob London Gaz. 8 Feb.

61 The list is taken from papers at the
Diocesan Registry, Chester, with additions
from Smith's Longridge, 61-73, where
notices of the incumbents are given.

The curates have been styled vicars
since 1866 ; Land. Gaz. 10 July.

62 His nephew, Canon Parkinson of
Manchester, wrote of him : ' His income
from his living rose during the time of
his incumbency from about 40 a year
to 140, where it stopped. The popula-

BLACKBURN HUNDRED

RIBCHESTER

1829 George Parkin

1831 Frederick Maude, M. A. (Brasenose Coll., Oxf.)
1843 Edward Pigot, M.A. 63 (Brasenose Coll., Oxf.)
1847 William Charles Bache, M.A. 64 (Brasenose

Coll., Oxf.)
1 877 Fitzherbert Astley Cave-Browne-Cave, M.A. 64

(Brasenose Coll., Oxf.)
1894 Thomas Martin Harrison, M.A. 66 (Brasenose

Coll., Oxf.)

For the Presbyterians Timothy Smith's house was
licensed in \6j2, 67 but no permanent congregation
seems to have resulted. About 1717 there was a
Quakers' meeting-place near Longridge Chapel. 68

The Roman Catholic church of SS. Mary and
Michael, Alston Lane, serves a mission which can be
traced back to about ijoo.* 9 It was refounded in
1761, and the old church was built in 1765. This
was replaced by the present one in i857. ro

tion in the meantime of the worst kind
as far as ministerial labour is concerned,
being universally poor, and consisting one
half of Romin Catholics and almost all
poor hand-loom weavers advanced from
about 400 to 2,000. During his in-
cumbency he enlarged his small chapel,
without any expense to the place, so as
to hold 700 worshippers, and left behind
him what he did not find a parsonage-
house. Nor was there erected (and this
is a singular exception in that district)
during his incumbency a single Dissenting
place of worship of any kind in his

chapelry ' ; Old Church Clock, 189. There
are monuments in the chapel to him and
his two successors.

68 Rector of Whittington 1857.
64 Rector of Alresford 1877.

5 Vicar of Horton 1867, of Ellel
1869, and of Padiham 1874.

66 Vicar of Briercliffe 1887-94.

67 Cal. S. P. Dom. 1672, pp. 198, 200.
48 Gastrell, Noeitia, loc. cit.

69 A. Hewitson, op. cit. 88-92. There
were many convicted recusants in the
township in the time of Charles II ;
Misc. (Cath. Rec. Soc.), v, 161-3.

Sir Walter Vavasour, S. J., served there
at the beginning of the i8th century ; Gil-
low, Hay Jock P. 63. At that time there
was also a domestic chapel at Hothersall,
Sir Walter registered his estate as a ' Papist '
in 1717, being described as 'of Alston ' 5
Estcourt and Payne, op. cit. 316. He
was 'a reputed priest' ; Smith, Rib-
chester, 63. A baptism by him in 1705
is recorded in the parish church register ;
ibid. 1 97. He was buried at Stidd, 1 740 ;
ibid. 203.

70 Smith, Longridge, 77 ; a list of
priests in charge ii given.

THE HUNDRED OF AMOUNDERNESS

CONTAINING THE PARISHES OF

PRESTON
KIRKHAM
LYTHAM
POULTON-LE-FYLDE

BISPHAM

ST. MICHAEL-ON-WYRE

GARSTANG

The whole of the above parishes are contained within the hundred or
wapentake of Amounderness, 1 which includes in addition the townships of

Alston with Hothersall in Rib-
chester, Forton and Cleveley in
Cockerham, and Fulwood, Myer-
scough, Bleasdale, Preesall and
Stalmine in Lancaster. 2 A very
large part of the area is the level
district on the western side known
as The Fylde, once ' the Wheat-
field of Amounderness ' 3 ; the
eastern part is more hilly and
Fairsnape Fell in Bleasdale attains
a height of 1,674 ft. above the
sea. The Ribble forms the
southern boundary; the next
important stream is the Wyre,
which is joined by the Brock,
watering the centre of the hun-
dred, and flowing west and then
north to enter the sea by the
Wyre estuary. Leland writing
about 1535 says that the hundred had formerly been full of wood, the moors
being * replenished with high fir trees,' but he found the seaward portion
' sore destitute of wood.' 4

1 The hundred was defined probably soon after the Conquest. The name has many spellings :
Agemundrenesse, Dom. Bk. ; Almunderness, 1177 ; Agmundernes, 1212 ; Augmonderness, 1226 ;
Aumundernesse, 1242 ; Amunderness, 1244 ; Aumonderness, Aumunderneys, 1297 ; Andreness, 1535-

A pleading in I 300 turned upon the spelling of the word. The plaintiff claimed an acre in Preston in
* Aundernesse ' ; the defendants replied that Preston was within a certain liberty called Aumundernesse and
not Aundernesse ; De Banco R. 134, m. 69.

Camden gives Anderness as the local pronunciation in his time. Leland spells it Aundernesse.

Agamund was a monk of Croyland, and Hagemund occurs locally as a personal name ; Lanes. Inq. and
Extents (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.), i, passim.

2 For convenience the accounts of Fulwood, Myerscough and Bleasdale have been added to Preston,
and those of Preesall and Stalmine to Kirkham.

Fulwood, Myerscough and Bleasdale were the principal parts of the forest of Amounderness ; see Ducatus
Lane. (Rec. Com.), iii, 331.

3 Thornber, Blackpool, 125. Camden remarks : 'This part yieldeth plenty of oats, but [is] not so apt
to bear barley. However, it is full of fresh pastures, especially to the sea side, where it is partly champain
ground' ; Britannia (ed. Gibson), 753. Very little corn is now raised. The district has no definite boundary,
'The Fylde' being a popular term, but a line drawn from Freckleton to Cockerham shows roughly the
eastern limit. * 2 tin. v, 98.

AMOUNDERNESS
HUNDEED

AMOUNDERNESS HUNDRED

More than a century before the Conquest part of Amounderness
was given by Athelstan to St. Peter's Church, York, 5 but it does not seem to
have been retained. The district was then more extensive than at present. 6
In 1066 it was held by Earl Tostig, the younger brother of King Harold,
slain at Stamford Bridge while taking part in the King of Norway's invasion.
Preston was the head of the whole district, which was in 1086 surveyed as
part of Yorkshire. 7 It is not called a hundred or wapentake in Domesday
Book, the name Amounderness being descriptive, like Lonsdale or Furness.

Since the Conquest the lordship has descended in the same way as the
honour of Lancaster, except for a few years at the end of the 1 2th and
beginning of the I3th century. John while Count of Mortain, between
1 190 and 1 193, gave to Theobald Walter the whole of Amounderness, with
the vill of Preston, the forest, all demesne lands, services of knights and
free tenants, &c., with all pleas of wapentake and forest, excepting only the
pleas pertaining to the Crown. For this Theobald was to render the service
of three knights' fees. 8 The grant was confirmed or renewed by Richard I
in i I94, 8a and, though forfeited on John's accession in 1 199, was restored in
1 202, perhaps for life only. 9 Very soon afterwards Amounderness was again
in the possession of the Crown. 10

Suit to the three weeks' wapentake court was a usual condition of tenure
of lands. 11 The profits of the pleas were estimated at 2os. in i29y. 12 The
Court Rolls of 1324-5, which have been printed, 13 show that the courts were
usually held at Preston, but sometimes at Ashton, Garstang Church, Poulton
and ' Yolrungegreve.' There are later rolls at the Record Office. 14

The bailiwick of the hundred was granted to the ancestor of the
Singleton family, 15 and descended regularly to Banastre 16 and Balderston 17 and

4 The charters (dated 930) are printed in Dugdale, Man. vi, 1176; Birch, Cart. Sax. ii, 405.
See also V.C.H. Lanes, i, 271 ; Lanes, and Ches. Antlq. Soc. xviii, 1 10 1 1. Bispham or Biscopham in the Fylde
has been thought a token of the gift, which was ' of no small extent.'

6 The bounds in the charters referred to are thus given : From the sea by the Cocker up to its source,
thence to the source (?) called Duleshope, and thence by the Hodder and Kibble to the sea. Duleshope may
be Wyresdale. The boundaries also in 1066 were similar, it appearing from Domesday Book that
Amounderness then included all Ribchester, Chippingdale and Aighton (afterwards in Blackburnshire) and
part of Cockerham (afterwards in Lonsdale). 7 V.C.H. Lanes, i, 2884.

8 Cotton MSS. Titus B. xi, fol. 252. The witnesses included Stephen Ridell, 'my Chancellor,' and
William de Wendeuall. The reference is due to Mr. J. H. Round.

8a Farrer, Lanes. Pipe R. 434.

'Ibid. 2H-I2. In 1199 King John granted to the burgesses of Preston the whole toll of the
wapentake ; Cal. Rot. Chart. (Rec. Com.), 26.

10 Lanes. Inq. and Extents, i, 115, 120, 192. Theobald Walter died in 1205, and in the Pipe Rolls
of 1205-6 and later the sheriff accounted for 29 IO/. \d. of the farm of Amounderness, 4 of perquisites
of the same wapentake and other profits of Theobald's estates ; Farrer, op. cit. 206, 2 1 7, &c.

11 Lanes. Inq. and Extents, i, 211, 213. lf Ibid. 290.

13 In Lanes. Ct. R. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.), 1 14-23.

14 Duchy of Lane. Ct. R. bdle. 79, no. 1032.

15 Little Singleton, which gave a surname to the family, was held by the serjeanty of the wapentake ;
Lanes. Inq. and Extents, i, 52, 160. The date of the grant is unknown ; see Farrer, op. cit. 34.

William son of Swain, ' then seneschal of Amounderness,' occurs in an early Lytham charter, now at
Durham ; I a, 2 ae, 4 ae, Ebor. no. 37.

16 See the accounts of Broughton in Preston and Balderston.

The serjeanty of Amounderness, formerly William Banastre's, was in 1324-5 in the hands of William de
Tatham and William Lawrence on account of the minority of the heir ; Memo. R. (L.T.R.), 88, m. 6 d. Agnes
widow of Sir Thomas Banastre had a third part as dower in 1392 ; B.M. Add. Chart. 2051 1, 20522.

lr Richard Balderston died in 1456 holding Little Singleton by the office of providing bailiffs for
Amounderness and Blackburnshire; Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Chet. Soc.), ii, 63. There was a dispute as to the
matter in 1462 ; ibid, ii, 71. See B.M. Add. Chart. 20511.

6 9

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

to the heirs of the last-named. 18 On a division in 1564 it was assigned to the
Earl of Derby. 19 The duties of the office as held by William Banastre were
thus described in 1323 : ' Making executions of mandates of the king's courts
by writs and summonses and by summons of the king's exchequer by precept
of the sheriff ; also of judgements of the county court of Lancaster and the
wapentake court of Amounderness ; making summonses, attachments and
distraints by precept of the sheriff or keepers of the king's lands, and
executions of the sheriffs tourns.' 20

Complaints were made in 1334 as to the administration of Henry de
Bickerstath, who held the office by grant from John Banastre and Nicholas
his brother (grantees of Adam Banastre), paying them 20 a year. Henry
was alleged to employ too many bailiffs in his circuit of the hundred, thus
laying a needless burden on the tenants. It was stated that Alan de Singleton
had performed his duties in person at his own charges. His son William
did the same, taking nothing from the men of the wapentake except by
their courtesy. His son Alan found it necessary to employ a bailiff, for
many assarts had been made and men had multiplied. This system had
continued, the number of officials gradually increasing. The acting bailiffs
recouped the annual rent they paid to the Singletons by charges on the men
of the wapentake for puture, &c. 21

Several outlying members of the barony of Penwortham are found in
this hundred. There are a few references to the hundred in the records 22 ;
perhaps the most noteworthy is that, on the requisition of ship-money in
1640, it 'would neither assess nor pay.' 23

The three weeks' wapentake court, which survived till recently, had
jurisdiction in personal actions where the debt or damages did not amount to
4OJ. The chief officer was a steward, appointed by the Crown in right of
the duchy. 24

About 1580 inquiry was made as to the fisheries of the county, par-
ticularly as to the destruction of salmon and their fry in the Ribble and
Wyre. Sir Richard Shireburne and the other commissioners reported that
they had reformed ' unlawful engines and nets, and had viewed all the
weirs, calls and gorses standing on the rivers named. They objected to two,
viz. one called Bessowe call on the Ribble and another recently erected on
the Wyre by William Kirkby of Upper Rawcliffe. 25

Amounderness gave name to a deanery in the archdeaconry of Richmond
in the diocese of York. Adam Dean of Amounderness occurs in the Pipe

18 Thomas Radcliffe of Winmarleigh died in 1521 holding a fourth part of Little Singleton by the
serjeanty of being bailiff of the king's wapentake of Amounderness and Blackburnshire ; Duchy of Lane.
Inq. p.m. v, no. 3. Thomas Earl of Derby at the same time held a moiety by the same service ; ibid, v,
no. 68. Alexander Osbaldeston was the other tenant, but no service was recorded in his case.

19 Pal. of Lane. Plea R. 216, m. 10 ; Edward Earl of Derby was to be bailiff of Amounderness.
Hence his grandson Ferdinando held the manor of Little Singleton in 1 594 by that service ; Add. MS. 32104,
fol. 426 (Blackburnshire also is named). The office was held by James Earl of Derby in 1715 ; Pal. of
Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 276, m. 52. lo Lanes. Inq. and Extents, ii, 160.

* l Coram Rege R. 297, Rex, m. 21, 27.

" For example, the appointment of keepers of the peace in 1323 and 1345 ; Cal. Pat. 1321-4,
p. 382 ;' 1343-5, p. 510.

23 Cal. S. P. Dom. 1640, p. 230.

24 Hardwick, Preston, 499. The steward in 1857 was the Duke of Hamilton, and his deputy was
Edmund Robert Harris, the Preston benefactor.

K Duchy of Lane. Special Com. 308.

AMOUNDERNESS HUNDRED

Roll of 1 177-8 as paying a mark for some breach of the forest laws 26 ; also
in i i 8 1-2 27 and later. 28 He was Dean of Kirkham in 1 I94- 29 The deanery
was smaller than it afterwards became, there being also a Dean of Lancaster,
but it had attained its full jurisdiction before 1291, when it included the
parishes of Kirkham, Preston, Ribchester, Chipping, Garstang, Cockerham,
Lancaster, St. Michael's, Poulton (with Bispham) and Lytham. 30 The
names of several of the deans have been preserved. 31

36 Farrer, op. cit. 38.

ij Ibid. 47 ; he desired to secure the wardship of his nepos and the marriage of the mother.

13 Ibid. 52 ; he married his daughter, who was of the king's donation, to the son of Norman de
Redmayne.

39 Cur. Reg. R. 2, m. 17 d. so Pope Nick. Tax. (Rec..Com.), 307.

sl John de Conisburgh was dean in 1292 ; Assize R. 408, m. 101 d.

John de Ascam was dean in 1334, when he was accused of extortion, demanding fees of 2O/. for
every 20 contained in a testament and 2O</. for every 20*. ; Coram Rege R. 297, Rex m. 22 d.

William Ballard was dean in 1346; Kuerden MSS. iv, K 18. He died of the plague in 1349,
being succeeded by

Adam de Kirkham ; Engl. Hist. Rev. v, 526.

Thomas Catterick, chaplain, was dean in 1388 ; Pal. of Lane. Docquet R. I (12 John of Gaunt).

Richard Cleveland occurs in 1504 ; Add. MS. 32107, no. 219, 233.

Richard Waring was dean in 1517; Hornby Chapel D.

Nicholas Lawrenson was dean in 1561 ; Duchy of Lane. Spec. Com. no. 36.

Richard Parker, vicar of Chipping, was appointed dean in 1592 and again in 1598 ; Dansey, Herat
Dec. Rur. ii, 374, 376.

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

PRESTON

RIBBLETON

GRIMSARGH and BROCKHOLES

PRESTON

ELSTON

FISHWICK

BROUGHTON

HAIGHTON

BARTON

LEA, ASHTON, INGOL and COTTAM

The parish of Preston lies on the north bank of
the Ribble, and has an area of 16,116 acres, in-
cluding 207^ acres of tidal water. The population
in 1901 was 115,483, mostly within the borough
of Preston. The surface is undulating, with a general
rise towards the north and east.

The history of the parijh is practically that of the
town which has given its name to the whole. The
old portion of the town occupies the centre of a

table-land between two brooks which flow south-west
into the Ribble, 1 this navigable river completing the
boundary on the south side. Along eac^ -.ide of the
Ribble are level tracts of low-lying land, but just at
the town the surface rises sharply from the river to
the table-land named. To the west of the town was
the marsh, while a moor extended"-, itself along the
northern boundary. The main street ran from east
to west, being, the continuation of the road from
the south across Ribble Bridge, into which at the
entrance of the town came a road from Ribchester.

The street had a continuation down to the riverside,
but its main line turned to the north-west, and after
passing out of the town divided, part forming the
main road north and part going west to Kirkham.
On the south side of the main street stood the parish
church, while on the opposite side, further west,
just at the turning was the moot hall, with the market
place behind it. These streets and buildings, though
improved and renewed on a grander scale, have
remained predominant features
of the town.

The traces of early history
are but scanty. 2 From the
Roman station at Walton-le-
Dale on the south bank of the
Ribble, the north road, cross-
ing the river by a ford, passed
through Preston, 3 and as this
place had good communication
westward by water and stood
in the centre of two level and
fruitful districts The Fylde to
the north-west and Leyland
to the south it had probably
some importance from an early
time, and may well have been
part of 'the land by Ribble'
granted to St. Wilfrid for the
endowment of his monastery
at Ripon about 670.* On the
other hand it was obviously
exposed to the incursions of
the Norse pirates.

Preston was at that time
within the kingdom of North-
umbria and diocese of York,
and at the Conquest was
fiscally still part of the county
of York. It was in 1066 the
head of a fee or lordship com-
prising the whole district of Amounderness, held by-
Earl Tostig. Afterwards it was granted to Roger
of Poitou, 8 who probably created a borough there,
on which the privileges of a guild merchant were
conferred in 1 1 79, the town being then in the
king's hands. There is other evidence of its relative
importance, and it had a market and fair. 6 As a
borough Preston sent two burgesses to some of the
early Parliaments from 1295 to 1331 but the
burdensome duty fell into abeyance, not being
resumed till 1529 and I545- 7 Even in 1601 the

1 The northern brook, the position of
which is marked by Moorbrook Street,
fell into the Ribble at the division between
Preston and Ashton. The southern one,
named Swill Brook, formed the boundary
between Preston and Fishwick, /

2 For the ancient remains see Fish;wick,
Preston, 3-7, and the sections ?f the
present work.

8 The bridge at Walton, emphatically
' Ribble Bridge,' is supposed to be of post-
Conquest erection.

4 See the account of the church.

5 y.C.H. Lana. i, 288*. The
manors within the limits of the
parish were assessed as 18 plough-lands
in all.

6 See the account of the borough. The
assizes appear to have been held there in
1226 and 1229; Cal. Pat. 1225-32,
pp. 71, 284.

1 Pink and Beaven, Lanes. Parl. Repre.
135-176, referring to W. Dobson, Preston
Parl. Repre. (1868), and articles in the
Preston Guardian ; L. and P. Hen.
iv (3)> P- z6 9 2 -

AMOUNDERNESS HUNDRED

PRESTON

election of a member was left to the choice of Sir
Robert Cecil. 8

The position of the town in the centre of the
county and on a great road from south to north
has occasioned its being the scene of many stormy
events. On 4 November 1315 Adam Banastre and
his confederates led their force to Preston, and, having
overcome Sir Adam de Huddleston and others sent
to check them, captured the place and made levies
on the townsmen. Later in the same day, however,
they were overthrown by Edmund de Nevill, the
sheriff, who led the main force of the county. 9 Some
seven years later the parish was laid waste by the
Scots, who probably burnt the town. 10 A minor
disturbance took place in 1338, when John, Nicholas
and William Deuyas, with a number of armed com-
rades, having crossed the Ribble, made sundry assaults
at Ribchester and then went on to Preston. Here
they lay hid in the fields near the Grey Friars' house,
and when Thomas Starkie and others came near
those in ambush set upon them, shooting arrows and
driving them into the Friars' church. The rioters
afterwards went to Kidsnape in Goosnargh. 11

In 1332 a total of <) 4*. j^d. was raised in the
parish by a subsidy, the hundred paying 53 1 8/. ^ \d.
The amounts for the various townships li are much
the same as those fixed for the ' fifteenth ' ls ; while
the county lay of 1624, considered a fair tax at the
time, required the parish to contribute 15 ijs. \\d.
towards jioo for Amounderness. 14 This shows a
reduction in the relative value of Preston in the
300 years' interval.

About 1340 the borough had not only the parish
church, but an old leper hospital with its chapel and
A house and church of Grey Friars 15 ; the chapel at
Broughton probably existed, and one or two minor
oratories. In the centre of the parish was the forest
district of Fulwood, in which the burgesses had
secured certain rights. The parish suffered from the
plague in 134950 ; the Archdeacon of Richmond
in a claim for probate dues alleged that 3,000 men
and women had succumbed to it, and the jury, in
allowing him 10, seem to have estimated the number
of wills proved as about fifty in the period defined,
viz. from 8 September i 349 to 1 1 January following. 16
Some trouble with the labourers appears to have
followed the plague. 17

The Guild meetings are known to have been held

early in the I4th century, for Kuerden has preserved
certain regulations of a mayor's court held in June
I328, 18 in which reference was made to an order
decreed 'in the time of our last Guild Merchant.'
It was agreed that the mayor, bailiffs and burgesses
might ' set a guild merchant at every twenty years,'
if necessary, the fees to 'go whole to the mayor at
the renewing of the guild and refreshing of our
town,' the object being the preservation of the guild,
and therefore of the royal charter, by a regular
purging of the roll and admission of new burgesses. 19
The earliest roll extant is that of 1397, and in spite
of the order quoted the Guilds were held at irregular
intervals; from 1542, however, they have been
celebrated every twenty years without a break, the
latest being that of 1902.* From 1562 the time of
holding the festival has been the Monday after
29 August, the Decollation of St. John Baptist,
patron of the guild. The roll of 1397 gives first
the In Burgesses ' those who are in the forenamed
guild and whose fathers were in ' it ; then the
Foreign Burgesses knights and gentry of the county
in many cases " ; and then ' the names of those whose
fathers were not in the forenamed guild and there-
fore made fine.' M The entries afford information
as to the trades practised in the town, for there are
named chaloner, coaler, draper, fleshewer, glover,
mason, mercer, miller, saddler, souter, spicer, tailor,
webster and wright. At the back of the roll are
names of women members, being widows or daughters
of members. 13

The class of foreign burgesses was at first very
small, but in the 1 7th century and later ' wholesale
admissions of the neighbouring gentry and others
seeking connexion with Preston as a matter of honour
or social advantage . . . and the promotion of many
Out Burgesses of long standing to the class of In
Burgesses with its larger privileges,' made the number
of non-resident burgesses larger than that of the
townsmen enrolled, and ' it became necessary to check
the process of appropriation of these franchises by
non-residents and strangers.' " An inferior class
named Stallingers first appeared in the roll of 1562 ;
they were permitted to live and trade in the town,
but not admitted to be burgesses. The new borough
created seventy years ago destroyed the political im-
portance of the guild, but it remains in full vigour
as a popular festival.

8 Cecil MSS. (Hist. MSS. Com.), xi,
443-

9 Coram Rege R. 254, m. 52. Adam
de Bury and William the Marshal were
among the townsmen whose goods were
taken by the insurgents.

10 Preston was taken by the Scots in
1322; see V.C.H. Lanes, ii, 199. The
extent of 1346, quoted later, mentions a
house which had been burnt by them.

11 Assize R. 430, m. 22. Thomas
Starkie and others in 1343 terrified the
bailiffs in order to prevent the execution
of writs and caused disturbances ; ibid,
m. 21 d.

12 Preston, 53*. 4^. ; Ribbleton,
I2J. i J</. ; Grimsargh and Brockholes,
H*. lod. ; Elston, 141. Bd. ; Fishwick,
8i. ; Broughton, z6s. %d. ; Haighton, us.;
Barton, 241. ; Lea and Ashton, each
Us. 6d.; Exch. Lay Subs. (Rec. Soc.
Lanes, and Ches.), 54-72.

18 Gregson, F ragments (ed. Harland), 19.
14 Ibid. 23. The townships paid thus:

Preston, 4 us. i\d.; Ribbleton,
i 2s. i\d. ; Grimsargh and Brockholes,
ijt. \\d. ; Elston, i 9s. 6d. ; Fishwick,
17*. i \d. ; Broughton, z 51. -j\d. ;
Haighton, 1 31. nj</. ; Barton,
1 181. 9j</. ; Lea, 151. z^d. 5 Ashton,
&c., 171. %d. In addition Myerscough
paid 3 is. \\d.

14 Leland (/'. iv, 22) states that the
Friars' house was built on ' the soil of a
gentleman named Preston,' and that
several of his family were buried there, as
also some of the Shireburnes and Daltons.

16 Engl. Hist. Rei>. v, 526-7.

17 Ibid, xxi, 534, citing Anct. Indict-
ments, Lane. 54.

18 Kuerden MSS. iv, P 23 ; printed by
Abram, Memorials of the Preston Guilds, 8.

19 It was ordered that ' all manner of
burgess the which is made burgess by
court roll and out of the Guild Merchant,
shall never be mayor nor bailiff nor scr-
jeant ; but only the burgess the which the
name be in the Guild Merchant last

made before ; for the king give* the free-
dom to the burgesses which are in the
Guild and to none other.'

20 Guilds are known to have been held
in 1397, 1415, 1459 and 1500; this is
believed Ito be a complete list for the
period covered. The rolls of the three
former and those of the guilds from 1542
to 1682 have been printed by the Record
Society of Lancashire and Cheshire( vol. ix).
The originals are preserved at Preston.
The roll of 1500 has been lost, but there
are notes of it in Kuerden MSS. iv, P 36.

21 The 1397 list is headed by Sir
Richard de Hoghton.

22 The fines were of various amounts,
from zs. up to 40*.

23 In 1562 it was ordered that widows
should 'have and enjoy such liberties and
freedoms during their widowhood as their
husbands in lifetime had and enjoyed by
reason of their burgess-ship.'

24 W. A. Abram in introduction to
Guild R.

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

The officers of the Guild were the mayor, who
was also mayor of the borough, stewards and alder-
men. The following is a list of mayors: 1328,
Aubred son of Robert ; 1397, William de Erghum
(Arkholme) ; 1415, Henry Johnson ; 1459, Robert
Hoghton ; 1500, William Marshall ; 1 542, Thomas
Tipping; 1562, Thomas Wall; 1582, George
Walton ; 1602, Henry Catterall ; 1622, William
Preston ; 1642, Edmund Werden ; 1662, James
Hodgkinson ; 1682, Roger Sudell ; 1702, Josias
Gregson ; 1722, Edmund Assheton ; 1742, Henry
Farington ; 1762, Robert Parker; 1782, Richard
Atherton ; 1802 and 1822, Nicholas Grimshaw ;
1842, Samuel Horrocks ; 1862, Robert Townley
Parker; 1882, Edmund Birley ; 1902, the Earl of
Derby.* 5 The meetings sometimes lasted a fortnight.

To return from this digression, we find that in the
time of Henry Duke of Lancaster (1351-61) the
courts of the duchy were held at Preston, 26 and once
at least the parish church served as a court-house. 17
Usually they seem to have been held at Lancaster,
but in time of pestilence were transferred to Preston. 88
An inquiry as to the obstructions to the passage of
vessels up the Ribble was ordered in 1359.*' ^
matter of this kind may have contributed to the
decline evident in the importance of the town in the
I 5th century. * The burgesses were fewer in number
in 1459 than in 1415. The old freemen, sons of
fathers who had been in the guild, had dwindled
down ... to about ninety persons,' though the
foreign burgesses had slightly increased to forty-five.
The new in burgesses admitted in 1459 numbered
ninety-three, the roll being thus doubled. 10

In 1536, during the excitement of the Pilgrimage
of Grace, the Earl of Derby made Preston his head
quarters, but on 30 October was able to publish the
king's proclamation and desire the gentlemen to
go home. 31 The Earl of Sussex was there in 1537
on a similar work for the pacification of the north ;
he thought there was ' not a scarcer country both for
horse meat and man's meat in England.' As to his
mission, he expected to leave the people as ' obedient,
faithful, and dreadful subjects ' as any in England."
Leland visited the place about that time, and writes
thus : ' Half a mile beyond Darwen I passed over
the great stone bridge of Ribble, having a v. great

arches. From Ribble Bridge to Preston half a mile.
Preston hath but one parish church. The market
place of the town is fair. Ribble goeth round about
a great piece of the ground about town, yet it
toucheth net the town itself by space of almost half a
mile. ... A mile without Preston I rode over
Savock, a big brook, the which, rising in the hills
a iii. or iv. miles off on the right hand, not very far
off goeth into Ribble.' 33

The town and district were hostile to the Reforma-
tion. Even at present, in spite of former penal laws
and the vast changes effected by modern industries
with their new populations, Preston remains a
stronghold of Roman Catholicism. Various inci-
dents recorded in the accounts of the church and
the separate townships give evidence of the state of
affairs in the time of Elizabeth, and a few more may
be added to illustrate a matter of such importance.
Thus the Guild of 1582 was marked by a complaint
from Lawrence Wall, one of the principal burgesses,
that George Walton, the Guild mayor, was promoting
the celebration for his own gain, while he himself
opposed it as ' tending to mere superstition, as may
appear by the view of the ancient records of the
said town concerning the keeping of the old guild
merchant there, 34 tending to this effect that the guild
should begin with procession and a mass of the Holy
Ghost now not tolerable and divers other super-
stitious rites and ceremonies now abrogated.' Wall
had urged the mayor but in vain to execute the
statute against unlawful games and plays, such as the
keeping of common bowling alleys, unlawful playing
at cards and dice. The mayor and his wife had been
ordered by the ecclesiastical commission to receive the
holy communion but had not done so. 34

Next year it was the Bishop of Chester who
denounced it and two other places as having a people
' most obstinate and contemptuous ' of the Eliza-
bethan laws on religion ; he desired the government
* to deal severely and roundly with them.' 36

In the autumn of 1600 a priest named Robert
Middleton, a Yorkshireman educated at the English
College at Rome, was arrested near Preston by Sir
Richard Hoghton, and after being examined by him
and Thomas Hesketh 37 was delivered to the mayor
of Preston, who sent him to Lancaster Castle. On

35 Details of the celebrations down to
1882 may be seen in the work already
cited, Abram's Memorials, It contains,
for example, the minute account of the
Guild of 1682 given by Dr. Kuerden.
The Guild sermons on this occasion,
preached by Richard Wroe and Thomas
Gipps, were afterwards printed.

36 Final Cone. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and
Ches.), ii, 130, &c.

3 ~ Assize R. 450, m. 8. There was
probably no other public building in the
town large enough for a court-house.

38 Final Cone, iii, 140 ; this was in
1466. Lancaster retained a monopoly of
the assizes and quarter sessions until a
century ago, but in the lyth century, if
no earlier, the Chancery Court of the
duchy was held at Preston, which became
a lawyers' town.

39 Dtp. Keeper's Rep. xxxii, App. 346.

80 Preston Guild R. xxi.

81 L. and P. Hen. Vlll, xi, 922, 947,
1212 (3).

82 Ibid, xii, 695.

88 Itin. v, 97. Camden's notice of

Preston some fifty years later is but
brief: 'A great and (for those countries)
a fair town, and well inhabited ' ; Britannia
(ed. 1695), 752. Taylor, the Water Poet,
Drayton, in Polyolbion, and ' Drunken
Barnaby ' have verses about it in the first
part of the I7th century.

84 The ' articles and points ' agreed upon
in 1 500 and 1 542 show that the guild was
proclaimed on three preceding market
days, and all burgesses were expected to
attend on the first day, going in proces-
sion from the Maudlands through the
town and hearing mass of the Holy Ghost
in company with the mayor and alder-
men. Afterwards the enrolling began,
when new burgesses could be admitted to
the franchise ; Abram, Memorials,

85 Duchy of Lane. Plead. Eliz. cxxvii,
W ii. From these it appears further
that the mayor, either before or after
Wall's interference, empanelled a jury
who sanctioned a right of way over
certain of the complainant's land in the
Newfield.

About the same time Wall alleged that

William Hodgkinson, lately bailiff, had,
4 of a covetous humour," unjustly levied
certain dues ; ibid. W 10.

86 Foley, Rec. S. /., v, 392, quoting
S. P. Dom. Eliz. clxiii, 84.

37 Ibid, viii, 1367, quoting S. P. Dom.
Eliz. cclxxv, 83. 'The priest . . .
had no letters nor any other thing of
importance found upon him saving only a
popish service book.' In reply to his
examiners, ' being demanded whether he
have said mass, christened children,
married any person, or reconciled any to
the Church of Rome he said he had done
so and all other things concerning a priest,
and saith that such as he hath reconciled
he doth instruct them to be Catholic.
Being required to declare whether he
used in his reconciling or otherwise any
persuasion that if the pope should invade
the realm of England for alteration of
religion with force, whether those that
are reconciled to the Catholic Roman
Church should take part with the queen's
majesty against the forces of the pope
coming for such a cause, to that he saith

AMOUNDERNESS HUNDRED

PRESTON

the way, near Myerscough, ' they were overtaken by
four horsemen and a man on foot, who demanded
whether the prisoner was a priest and attempted to
rescue him. A desperate affray ensued, in which the
assailants were worsted and Greenlow, one of the
horsemen, was taken prisoner. The party then
returned to Preston, and Greenlow was examined.'
It turned out that he was a seminary priest, a York-
shireman named Thurstan Hunt. In the end both
the priests were condemned as traitors for their
priesthood only, and were executed at Lancaster in
the March following. 38

At the Bishop of Chester's visitation in 1605
sixty-eight recusants were presented in Preston town,
and nineteen others in the parish, some being de-
scribed as arch-recusants. Argument was dealt with
after the manner of the time : ' William Urmston,
gentleman, a great seducing Papist, seduceth the
people very much, and sometimes a crafty subtle
lawyer. The churchwardens desire some course may
be taken with him that they be not troubled with
his subtle arguments.' One William Ridley was
' supposed to have many masses said in his house
since the death of the queen, whereunto many
have resorted.' 39

Somewhat later, in 1629 and subsequent years,
the following recusants compounded by annual fines
for the sequestration of two-thirds of their estates :
In Preston Henry Ashton, 3 6s. 8</. ; Alexander
Rigby, 2 ; James Walton, 6 ; Grace Wilkinson,
$. In Broughton Hugh Crook, William Single-
ton and George Wilkinson, 2 each. In Ribbleton
John Farington, 6 l$s. \d. In Grimsargh
William Hoghton, 10. The following compounded
for arrears only, having been induced to conform :
Henry Sudell of Preston and Henry Grayson of
Fulwood. 40 Richard Hurst, a yeoman of the district,
probably of Broughton, was to be arrested for
recusancy by order of the Bishop of Chester.
The violence of the officers provoked a fight,
and one of them afterwards died. Hurst was
charged with murder, and it is stated that the judge
at the trial, Sir Henry Yelverton, ' informed the
jury that the prisoner was a recusant and had resisted
the bishop's authority ; and told them that he must
be found guilty of murder, as an example.' The
jury returned this verdict, but Hurst on his way to
execution was offered his life if he would take the

oath of allegiance. As it contained anti-Catholic
clauses he refused, and was accordingly executed
29 August i628. 41

James I was entertained by the mayor and cor-
poration during his progress from the north to London
in 1617. Arriving at the cross on 15 August he was
received by the mayor and corporation and presented
with a bowl ; after the recorder's speech the king
went to a banquet in the Guildhall. 42 A great
pestilence is recorded in 16301. The guild order
book of the time states that 1,100 persons and
upwards died within the town and parish of Preston
from the plague, which began about 10 November
1630 and lasted a whole year. 43

On the outbreak of the Civil War the people of
the district in general espoused the king's side. 44
One of the powder magazines for the county had
been established at Preston in i639. 45 Before the
actual outbreak of war Lord Strange in June 1642
summoned a muster of the armed force of the county
on the moor to the north of the town, 46 and Preston
itself was garrisoned by Royalists soon afterwards. 47
Early in the following year Sir John Seaton led the
Parliament's troops to attack it. They found it to
be defended by a brick wall, but made the assault
with great courage on 9 February 1642-3, and after
two hours' fighting captured the town. The mayor,
Adam Mort, died of his wounds ; he had threatened
to burn the place, beginning with his own dwelling,
rather than suffer it to fall into the power of the
Parliament. 48 Mr. Anderton of Clayton, the com-
mandant of the garrison, was taken prisoner with
several other local men of importance, and some
were killed. Various guns and war stores were
captured ' and divers were pillaged to a purpose.' 49
Rosworm, the famous engineer, afterwards re-fortified
the position.

Five weeks later, 20 March, Lord Derby having
learnt that the place was weak because troops had
been drawn away to resist him at Lancaster, hurried
to Preston and recaptured it for the king. The
mayor, Edmund Werden, was in charge of the town,
and refused to surrender it ; but assaults were made
at three points by Captains Chisnall, Radcliffe and
Rawstorne, and after an hour's struggle the place was
taken. There was no general plunder, but Lord
Derby ' gave command that the houses of those who
had betrayed the town before should be responsible

he doth not answer, for he doubteth of it.
And being demanded whether he taketh
the queen's majesty to be lawful Queen
of England, he saith "In temporal
matters," and that he hath done and will
pray that God would make her majesty a
Catholic. And being likewise demanded
whether her majesty ought to be Queen
of England, the pope's excommunication
notwithstanding, to that he saith he will
not answer, nor any more questions.'

88 Gillow, Bibl. Diet, of Engl. Cath. iii,
481 ; v, 13 ; Cal. S. P. Dom. 1598-1601,
p. 485 ; Foley, op. cit. viii, 962. Mid-
dleton was admitted to the Society of
Jesus just before his execution.

The cause of the beatification of both
priests, also of Richard Hurst, hereafter
mentioned, and George Haydock of Cot-
tarn, was allowed to be introduced at Rome
in 1886 ; Pollen, Acts of Martyrs, 379-82.

89 Presentments, Chester Dioc. Reg.

40 Trans, Hist. Soc. (new ser.), xxiv,
175, &c. To the first class of corn-

pounders should be added Thomas
Richardson of Myerscough, 14 101.

41 Gillow, op. cit. iii, 487-9, from a
contemporary account, reprinted 1737.

4 * Assheton's Journ. (Chet. Soc.), 36-7.

48 Abram, Memorials of the Guilds, 42 ;
Hist. MSS. Com. Rep. xiv, App. iv, 45 ;
Civil War in Ches. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and
Ches.), 6.

44 The Protestation of 1641, which
affords a list of the inhabitants of the parish,
is remarkable as showing that a large
number refused to assent. The names
are printed in Fish wick, op. cit. 42531.

45 Cal. S. P. Dom. 1638-9, p. 387.
The small stock there in 1642 was seized
by the Royalists ; Hist. MSS. Com. Rep.
v, App. 31, 32.

46 Lord Strange, Lord Molyneux and
many of the gentry were present, the
whole assemblage being estimated to
number 5,000. A large number of them
were in favour of the Parliament ; ibid. ;
Civil War Tracts (Chet. Soc.), 14, 23.

47 Civil War Tracts (Chet Soc.),
66.

48 War in Lanes. (Chet. Soc.), 23. The
troops had crossed by Ribble Bridge, and
the main body attacked from the east
side ; but a small force went round to the
house of correction and entered by Friar-
gate Bars. This writer states that the
town was captured on the morning of
8 Feb., but the more detailed account in
Civil War Tracts (p. 74) says it was the
following day.

John Tyldesley of Deane also has given
a description of the event ; he adds : ' So
soon as matters were settled we sang
praises to God in the streets,' and 'the
sun brake forth and shined brightly and
hot, in the time of the exercise, as if it
had been midsummer' ; ibid. 73.

For the importance of the capture see
Broxap, Civil War in Lanes. 635.

49 Civil War Tracts, 75. For evidence
of plundering by the Parliament's soldiers
see Cal. Com. for Comp. iv, 2849.

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

to his majesty for their masters' treason, whose goods
his lordship ordered to be seized and equally divided
among the soldiers.' 80

Prince Rupert was in the town on 23 June
i644, 51 and returned to it about a fortnight later,
having been defeated at Marston Moor. He then
retreated south to Chester, and from that time the
Parliament had command of Preston. 52 The meet-
ings of the Sequestration Committee were usually
held there, and there was a Presbyterian classis with
meetings of the Provincial assembly. 83 The post
stages arranged at that time show that starting from
London on Saturday morning a dispatch should
reach Manchester on Wednesday night and Preston
the next day at noon. 84

After a few years' rest the town had renewed
experience of war, for in August 1648 the army of
Scotch Covenanters under the Duke of Hamilton in
their march southward were joined near Preston by
English Cavaliers under Sir Marmaduke Langdale.
Religious differences prevented the two bodies acting
in harmony, and when Cromwell, hastening unex-
pectedly from Yorkshire, attacked them on 1 7 August
they were overcome. The field of battle was to the
east of the town, from Ribbleton Moor to the river.
The duke's forces were partly to the north of the
Ribble and partly to the south. Langdale's horse
covered their left flank and thus met the first onset
of Cromwell's army. It was imagined that this was
no more than Colonel Assheton and the Lancashire
bands, and so the duke seems to have continued
sending his infantry over the river southwards. The
weakened force, after a hot fight of some four hours,
was driven into Preston itself, where fighting was
witnessed, and then scattered to north and to south ;
many were slain, numerous prisoners were taken, and
the ammunition also. 55 The duke was hotly pursued
the next day and finally routed near Winwick. Just
three years later, on 14 August 1651, Prince Charles,
' the King of Scots,' passed through Preston on his
way south, riding through the streets on horseback so
that he might be seen by the people. Lord Derby,
having there assembled what force he could from
the district, followed him to the overthrow at
Worcester. 66

The people seem to have welcomed the Restoration,
and the public proclamation of Charles II, on
1 1 May 1 660, was made with the usual signs of

popular approval. 57 William Cole, the vicar, preached
a sermon on 24 May, the public thanksgiving day,
and it was printed with a dedication to Sir George
Booth, the leading Presbyterian Royalist. 58 By a
singular decision of the House of Commons in 1 66 1
* all the inhabitants ' of the borough were declared
entitled to vote for the members of Parliament ; and
though it does not seem to have been acted upon till
1768 this democratic suffrage was the law till
i832. 69 The hearth tax return of i663 60 shows
that there were 727 hearths taxable in the town ;
Alexander Rigby had the largest dwelling, with
fifteen hearths. 61 Ribbleton had twenty hearths
taxed ; the hall seems to have had six, but was
divided into three tenements. Fishwick had twenty-
five, four being the largest number to one house.
Grimsargh with Brockholes had thirty-six, the
principal houses being those of the two squires, each
with five hearths. Elston had twenty-eight ; three
of the houses had four hearths taxed. Barton had
1 02, all in small houses except the hall, which had
twenty-two hearths, being the largest house in the
parish. Broughton had eighty-two, of which twelve
belonged to the Tower. Lea, Ashton and Cottam
had forty-nine, thirty-two and twenty-seven re-
spectively ; all the houses were small, except Lea
Hall, with thirteen hearths. 62 Fulwood had fifty-
one ; the largest house had seven hearths. A
number of tradesmen's tokens were issued about
i666. 63

From several descriptions of the town about the
end of the I7th century it seems to have been
prosperous. Kuerden has left two descriptions of its
state in 1680-90. Crossing the Ribble by the
bridge at Walton he entered the town at the Bars.
The Pattens' mansion stood on the right, ' a
sumptuous house.' Proceeding along Church Street
he passed the church and school on the left and
1 many stately houses ' on the right, on which side
also stood the town hall and shambles. Opposite
these last a footpath led down to the Penwortham
ferry boat. Going past the cross, leaving Fishergate
on the left, with its ' many good houses . . .
lately erected,' he went through Cheapside and along
Friargate, where were yet more ' good houses.'
Passing through the Bars he came to the Moorgate
and the common, noticing Alderman Wall's ' fair
house' on the left. He then followed the causey

* Civil War Tracts, 85-6 ; Stanley P.
(Chet. Soc.), iii, p. Ixxxiv.

51 Col. S. P. Dom. 1644, p. 265. He
it said to have seized the mayor, William
Cottam, and the bailiffs and imprisoned
them at Skipton. They were afterwards
compensated by the corporation.

64 Ibid. 440, 447.

48 Heywood, Diaries, i, 78.

54 The stages were : London to St.
Albans, Newport Pagnell, Northampton,
Leicester, Nottingham, Derby, Manches-
ter, Preston; Cal. S. P. Dom. 1644-5,
p. 170.

5i Civil War Tracts, 257-68 ; Carlyle,
Cromwell's Letters, Ixiii-iv. The victor
wrote that same evening : 'We advanced
with the whole army, and the enemy
being drawn out on a moor betwixt us
and the town the armies on both sides
engaged ; and after a very sharp dispute,
continuing for three or four hours, it
pleased God to enable us to give them a
defeat. ... By this means the enemy is

broken.' He wrote more fully three days
later, describing how the Royalists were
forced back into Preston, 'into which
four troops of my own regiment first
entered ; and being well seconded by
Colonel Harrison's regiment, charged the
enemy in the town and cleared the streets.'
The Duke of Hamilton and his staff
swam the Ribble and so regained the
main body of their foot.

56 Civil War Tracts, 288, 301 ; War
in Lanes. (Chet. Soc.), 70, 73-4.

57 Preston Guardian Sketches, no. 344.
The Royalist party was weak in the cor-
poration, which was 'purged' in 1661 by
the expulsion of Edmund Werden and
seven others for disloyalty ; while
William Banastre (formerly expelled)
was restored; Cal. S. P. Dom. 1670,
p. 663. Even then there were complaints
that the loyal party was too weak ; ibid.
1 66 1-2, p. 93, &c.

68 Preston Guardian, 1 1 Mar. 1876.
There is a copy in the Bodleian Library.

The town seems to have maintained
the same loyal disposition, for when
James II visited Chester in 1687 the cor-
poration of Preston sent a deputation
with an address ; Cartwrighfs Diary
(Camd. Soc.), 74.

59 Hard wick, Preston, 329, &c. In
practice 'the right was confined to all the
male inhabitants above twenty-one years
of age who had resided six months in the
town and were untainted with pauperism
or crime.' Religious test* excluded
Roman Catholics.

60 Fishwick, op. cit. 432-6.

61 The next houses in size were those
of Jane Langton with twelve hearths,
William Hodskinson and Joan Banastre
eleven each, William Walmesley and
William Banastre ten each. There were
three of nine, three of eight, four of seven,
thirteen of six and the rest smaller.

62 Edmund Wearden at Ashton had
six hearths ; Cottam Hall had only four.

68 Lanes, and CAes. Antiq. Soc. v, 879.

AMOUNDERNESS HUNDRED

PRESTON

over the moor to Fulwood and Cadley Moor ; so he
came to Broughton Tower and church and after-
wards to St. Lawrence's Chapel and Barton Hall, and
passed on to Goosnargh. 64 Celia Fiennes was pleased
with it : ' Preston (she says) stands on a hill and is a
very good market town. Saturday is their mariker,
which day I was there and saw it was provided with
all sorts of things : leather, corn, coals, butter,
cheese, and fruit and garden things. There is a very
spacious market place and pretty church and several
good houses. . . . The generality of the build-
ings, especially in two or three of the great streets,
were very handsome, better than in most country
towns, and the streets spacious and well pitched.' **
In 1709 it was thought 'a very pretty town with
abundance of gentry in it ; commonly called Proud
Preston.' M As a port it had declined. 67

The religious conditions it is difficult to determine.
The corporation was Tory and the vicars of the
parish Whig. There were numerous Dissenters, but
the relative importance of the Roman Catholics had
no doubt declined during the century, and was still
further weakened by the disasters of 1715. M

The invasion of the Scottish Jacobites in that year
penetrated as far south as Preston, and drew many
adherents from the neighbourhood, but 'all Papists.' 69
The army was placed under the command of a
lawyer, Thomas Forster of Etherston, member of
Parliament for Northumberland, and it arrived at
Preston on 9-10 November some 1,700 strong/
James III was proclaimed king in the market place.

On Saturday the izth orders were given that the
whole force was to advance to Manchester, but news
being brought, greatly to their surprise, that General
Wills was advancing from Wigan to attack them, they
resolved to await him. Forster appears to have been
badly advised ; he refused to defend Ribble Bridge
and the fords, so that the royal troops crossed the
river without opposition and at once made a vigorous
attack on the town. 71 Some trenches and barricades
had been formed, and the defenders repelled all the
attacks with success, the king's troops suffering
severely. Darkness put a stop to the fighting on
Saturday, but next day Wills received a considerable
accession of strength from General Carpenter, who
came up from the east, and was thus able to surround
the town. The Jacobites found that they must
either cut their way through the king's forces or
surrender, having but slight provision for a sustained
defence. The following day accordingly they laid
down their arms in the market place, 72 and the king's
troops took possession of the town ; it is said that
they plundered many of the houses. The prisoners
were confined in the church for a month, and fed
upon bread and water at the cost of the towns-
people. 73 Some were executed ; in December four
officers were shot 74 ; the next month some local
volunteers were hanged at Gallows Hill, close to
the present Moor Park : Richard Shuttleworth of
Preston, Roger Muncaster of Garstang, Thomas
Cowpe of Walton-le-Dale, William Butler and
William Arkwright ; and in the following February

64 Local Glean. Lanes, and Ches. i, 217.
A more elaborate description by the same
observer is quoted in Hardwick, Preston,
giving the names of many of the streets
and passages, the ferry and fords, and
particulars of various buildings, including
the 'ample, ancient and yet well beau-
tified town or guild hall or toll booth,' in
which was the council chamber.

The description in Ogilby's Britannia
(1690) calls Preston 'a large and well
frequented town, governed by a mayor,
eight aldermen, four under-aldermen and
twelve common councilmen. . . . Here
are kept the chancery courts, &c., for the
county palatine of Lancaster.'

65 Through England on a Side Saddle,
155. She, too, was specially struck with
the Patten mansion : 'All stone work,
five windows in the front and high built
according to the eastern building near
London. The ascent to the house was
fourteen or fifteen stone steps, large, and
a handsome court with open iron palisades
in the gate and on each side the whole
breadth of the house, which discovered
the gardens on each side of the house.'
Patten House was pulled down in 1835 ;
the gateway was re-erected at Howick
House ; Hardwick, op. cit. 430-1. The
site is marked by Lord's Walk and Derby
Street.

There are said to have been four alms-
houses, viz. in Fishergate near the top of
Mount Street, at the north ends of Friar-
gate and St. John Street, and at the east
end of the town ; Hewitson, Preston Ct.
Leet Rec. 54.

66 Edmund Calamy't Autobiography,
quoted by Fishwick, op. cit. 62. See
N.andQ.(zeT.j], vii, 428 ; viii, 55, 214.

67 In a fishery dispute in 1691-2 a
witness deposed that he had known vessels
and boats, some of 40 tons burthen, sail
op the Ribble as far as Preston Marsh,

and sometimes even as far as Holme.
Some of these vessels went to Bristol
laden with lead ; other* took millstones
to Ireland, and did ' often lie or ride ' at
a place called Old Millstones in Ahton ;
Fishwick, op. cit. 87.

68 In 1687, during a moment of liberty,
Bishop Leyburne confirmed 1,153 at
Preston and Tulketh and 1,099 at Ferny-
halgh ; Gillow, Bill. Diet, of Engl. Cath.
ii, 145.

The vicar of Preston wrote thus to the
Bishop of Chester in 1715 : 'I beg leave
to acquaint your lordship that there are
three townships and part of another in
this parish, which lie three, four and five
miles from the church, and have no other
convenient place of public worship ; that
by this unhappy situation they have still
been exposed to temptations and popery,
which is too prevalent in these parts of
your lordship's diocese, and are thereby
an easier prey to the priests of that com-
munion, we having no less than six of
these men in the one parish. From my
first coming to this place I have wished
for some hopeful remedy against this
growing evil ' ; Notitia Cestr. (Chet.
Soc.), ii, 470. This vicar secured three
new churches Grimsargh, Barton and
Preston St. George's. This last is a
significant dedication.

In 1717 there were reported to the
Bishop of Chester to be only 643 ' Papists '
in the parish, no doubt very much below
the true number. Fifty years later the
numbers returned to him were: In Preston,
1,043, with a resident priest ; in Broughton
chapelry, 313, with two priests ; in Grims-
argh, 117 ; in Barton, 131 ; "Trans. Hist.
Soc. (new ser.), xviii, 218.

In 1754-5 a religious census was taken,
and the Preston return gives the families
thus : In the town of Preston Protestants
762, Papists 145, Dissenters 21 ; in Lea,

Ashton, &c. Protestants 47, Papists 30 ;
Ribbleton, Grimsargh, Elston and Fish-
wick 58, 57 ; Broughton 41, 47 ;
Barton 52, 19 ; Haighton 7, 18. No
Dissenters are recorded outside the town ;
Visitation Returns.

69 Robert Patten, chaplain to Mr.
Forster, was an eye-witness of the whole
affair ; he turned king's evidence and
wrote a history of the rebellion, which
passed through several editions. It appears
to be the principal source of other accounts,
e.g. that in Hardwick's Preston, 219-33.
There are many allusions in the Stuart P.
(Hist. MSS. Com.), ii, iii.

70 Two troops of dragoons quartered in
the town retired before them.

71 Two plans of the operations give the
earliest maps of the town. One of them,
'drawn on the spot by P. M., esq.,' is
given in Hewitson, Preston, 23 ; the other
in Fishwick's work, 64. They show the
positions of the barricades across the chief
streets and the disposition of the king's
forces. Several houses in the outskirts
are represented as in names.

78 Patten gives the losses thus : On the
king's side killed, five officers and over
200 privates ; wounded, sixteen officers,
privates not recorded. On the Jacobite
side killed seventeen, wounded twenty-
five ; prisoners, seven lords and 1,490
gentlemen, officers and privates, and two
clergymen. There is a note of the
prisoners in Hist. MSS. Com. Rep. xi,
App. iv, 170.

73 On the behaviour of the vicar of
Preston, the inhabitants and the neigh-
bouring gentry, see reports in Payne,
Engl. Cath. Rec. 85-8, 97-9. A list of
residents in the district who were attainted
is printed in Fishwick, op. cit. 66.

74 Major Nairne, Captains Lockhart,
Shaftoe and Erskine. See Hardwick,
op. cit. 235-6.

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

Richard Chorley of Chorley and six others 75 were
executed in the same way.

Defoe in 1727 found Preston a fine and gay town,
but inferior in population to Liverpool and Man-
chester. It was ' full of attorneys, proctors and
notaries ' employed in the special palatine courts.
There was ' a great deal of good company,' but not
so much ' as was before the late bloody action with
the Northern rebels ; not that the battle hurt many
of the immediate inhabitants, but the consequences
of it so severely affected many families thereabout that
they still retain the remembrance of it.' 76 The
earliest 'prospect' of the town is dated 1728 ; it was
drawn from the south side by S. and N. Buck. 77 A
printing press was at work as early as I74O. 78 A
verbal description of Preston in 1745 reads thus:
' This town is situated on a clean, delightful eminence,
having handsome streets and variety of company,
which the agreeableness of the place induces to board
here, it being one of the prettiest retirements in
England, and may for its beauty and largeness compare
with most cities, and for the politeness of the
inhabitants none can excel. . . . Here is a hand-
some church and a town hall where the corporation
meet for business and the gentlemen and ladies for
balls and assemblies. Here is likewise a spacious
market place in the midst of which stands a fine
obelisk ; the streets are neatly paved, and the houses
well built of brick and slates. This town being a
great thoroughfare there are many good inns for the
reception of travellers. . . . This town has a pretty
good trade for linen yarn, cloth, cotton, &c.' 79

It was in the winter of 1745 that the Prince
Charles Edward led his army south through Preston
in his attempt to win the crown of England. He
arrived there on 27 November 80 ; the bells were
rung, and a few joined them, including Francis

Towneley, nephew of the squire of Towneley. The
army left next day for Manchester. On its hasty
retreat north the force regained Preston on I 2 Decem-
ber and left for Lancaster the next morning, being
closely followed by Oglethorpe's dragoons and the
Duke of Cumberland himself.

Pococke in 1750 thought the town subsisted
* chiefly by its being a great thoroughfare and by
many families of middling fortune living in it ' ;
hence, he says, ' it is remarkable for old maids, be-
cause these families will not ally with tradesmen and
have not sufficient fortunes for gentlemen.' 81

From that time the history of the parish has been
peaceful, with the exception of election battles
notably that of I768 82 and industrial disturbances.
These latter conflicts appear to have been less
dangerous here than in other parts of the county,
but there was a threatening demonstration against
power-looms in i8z6. 83 In 1797-8 the Royal
Preston Volunteers were raised for the defence of
the county, and a rifle corps also was formed. 84 The
modern volunteer movement received due support in
the district, two corps being formed in l859, 85 and
Preston is now, under the Territorial system, the head
quarters of a squadron of the Duke of Lancaster's
Own Yeomanry, a battery of the 2nd West Lanca-
shire Brigade Royal Field Artillery, and three com-
panies of the 4th Battalion Loyal North Lancashire
Regiment.

Communications were improved by the turnpiking
of the north road in 1751 86 and the erection of
Penwortham Bridge in 1755- 87 The old Ribble
Bridge was rebuilt in I78i, 88 and in the following
year a new town-hall was erected. 89 Stage coaches
began running to Wigan and Warrington about 1771,
and to Liverpool in I774. 90 The cotton manufac-
ture was introduced in I777, 91 and from that time

75 James Drummond, William Black,
Donald Macdonald, John Howard, Berry
Kennedy and John Rowbottom.

76 Tour Through Great Britain (ed.
1738), Hi, 183.

77 A large reproduction of it forms the
frontispiece to Fishwick's Preston. In the
tame work (p. 417) is an old view of the
market place, showing a large timbered
house on the south side, with a smaller
one adjoining it to the east. An obelisk
or market cross stood in the square.

The large house had the initials i 1 ^
and date 1629 carved over a doorway ;
the builder was John Jenkinson, who by
his will directed its completion, leaving
it to his widow Anne and his daughters
Grace and Elizabeth. Adam Mort, the
mayor, killed in 1643, once occupied it.
It was sold to the corporation in 1822.
The smaller house had the inscription
I. A. 1618, for James Archer. They
were demolished in 1855, when a pamphlet
was printed giving a full history of them ;
Hardwick, op. cit. 432.

78 Local Glean. Lanes. and Chcs. i, 37, 43 ;
Hewitson, op. cit. 341. William Cadman,
a local bookseller, is mentioned some
eighty years earlier 5 Pal. Note Bk. i, 1 3.

79 Ray, Hitt. of the Rebellion.

80 Hardwick, op. cit. 241-52. It was
noticed that on his arrival at Preston
Prince Charles, ' who had hitherto
marched on foot, mounted on horseback
and surveyed the passes and bridges of the
town, taking with him such at had been
there in the year 1715.'

81 Travels through England (Camd.
Soc.), i, 12.

88 This was the election in which the
democratic franchise of 1661 first became
effective. In 1741 the foreign burgesses
were considered to be disqualified as
electors, though resident ; Abram, Me-
morials of the Guilds, 83. In 1768 the
Earl of Derby, in the Whig interest as
opposed to the corporation, called atten-
tion to the franchise, and raised a popular
disturbance, Roman Catholic chapels
being wrecked and other damage done.

The Stanley family for a long time
exercised a preponderating influence in
the elections, but the power of the manu-
facturers began to manifest itself before
1800. The last election before the
Reform Act was a most exciting one, for
on the Hon. E. G. Stanley seeking re-
election on being placed in the ministry
in 1830 he was defeated by Henry Hunt
the Radical by 3,730 to 3,392 votes.
Hunt was defeated in 1832.

For some of the more important con-
tests see Hardwick, op. cit. 330-43.
Long accounts, in which the old poll
books were reprinted and annotated, ap-
peared in the Preston Guardian in 1878
and later.

88 Hardwick, op. cit. 375. There were
notable riots and strikes in 1831, 1836
(a three months' strike), 1842 (riots, five
men mortally wounded), 1853 (eight
months' lock-out), and 1878 ; ibid. 415-
22 ; Hewitson, Preston, 180-4.

84 Hardwick, op. cit. 256. Thee

volunteers joined the militia in 1808 ;
ibid. 387. Details of their regulations
and uniforms will be found in Fishwick,
op. cit. 418-19.

85 Hewitson, op. cit. 374-7.

88 Stat. 24 Geo. II, cap. 20. Garstang
Road was formed in 1817, replacing an
old crooked lane. The highway known as
Blackburn New Road was made in 1824 ;
a wooden bridge over the Ribble was built
for it at Lower Brockholes, replaced by a
stone one in 1861.

87 Hardwick, op. cit. 459. An Act of
Parliament was obtained in 1750. This
was the road from Preston to Liverpool,
the river having been crossed by a ford.
The first bridge fell down in 1756, and
a new one was built after a fresh Act had
been obtained.

88 Ibid. 458.

89 A view is given in Fishwick, Preston,
71. The older building fell down in
1780 ; Hewitson, op. cit. 357.

90 Ibid. 198. In Sept. 1823 seventy-
two coaches ran in and out of Preston
every Wednesday ; Hardwick, op. cit.
389. A list of those running in 1825 is
given in Baines" Lanes. Dir. ii, 519-20.
The coaches ceased in 1842.

91 In that year a cotton-mill was built
in Moor Lane by Collinson and Watson.
The practical founder of the industry,
however, was John Horrocks. He was
born at Edgeworth in 1768 of Quaker
parents, and he built a mill in 1791 at
the east end of Church Street (see Fish-
wick, op. cit. 72) ; this was followed by

AMOUNDERNESS HUNDRED

the place has grown in importance and population.
A plan made in I774 92 shows that the streets had
remained almost unchanged for a century. 93 The
houses extended eastward nearly as far as the present
Deepdale Road and west along Fishergate to the site
of the railway station. Northward the houses did
not go beyond Lord Street, except that they extended
a little further along Tithebarn Street and to the
end of Friargate and Back Lane. There were also a
few blocks of dwellings to the south of Church Street.
The plan of i8z4 94 shows a great increase in all
directions, more especially on the south side, and
also to the north-west of Fishergate as far as the
Lancaster Canal, which had been constructed in
1798. 95 The first railways were opened in 1838
and i840. 96

Of the old townships Preston, Fishwick and
Ashton have become urban in character and Fulwood
is a residential suburb ; the others still remain for
the most part agricultural. The following figures
show the way in which the agricultural land of the
parish is at present utilized. In the whole there are
but 446 acres of arable land, the great bulk, viz.
12,103 ac r es , being in permanent grass. There are

PRESTON

363 acres of woods and plantations. The details are
thus given 96a :

Ribbleton .
Grimsargh \
Brockholes [
Elston j
Fishwick
Broughton .
Haighton .
Barton )
Newsham )
Lea
Ashton
Ingol
Cottam
To the above may
Fulwood .
Myerscough

Arable
ac.

2 3
H7l

57
5

. >*

. 211

be added :

35
. 509

Grass
ac.

555
2,367$
529

2,202^
942

2 ,753
2,754

1,833
i977i

Woods
ac.

2 5 I

*ft

5
3i

In consequence of changes in the boundaries in
1894, when the township of Preston was extended
to coincide with the municipal borough, Fishwick

another at Spital Moss in 1796 and a
third near Lark Hill in 1797. His
business rapidly increased and in 1802 he
was elected a member of Parliament for
the borough. He died in London in
1804, and was buried at Penwortham.

Other mills quickly followed those of
Horrocks. See Hardwick, op. cit. 366,
660.

93 Hewitson, op. cit. 40. A larger
plan founded on this and the tithe map
is inserted in the same writer's Preston
Ct. Lett Rec. The field-names given
show Cuckstool Pit Meadow near the
present infirmary, Causeway Meadow
west of it, and Platford Dales still further
west. Cockpit Field was opposite the
north end of Friargate, near St. Peter's.
Avenham gave name to a number of
fields on the south of the town. Grim-
shaw Street passes through the old Water
Willows, to the south of which was
Great Albin Hey. Winckley Square has
replaced a Town End Field, but there
were other fields of the name on the east
side of the town. Hepgreave was to the
north of the railway station in Fisher-
gate. Woodholme seems to have been
in the marsh, at the extreme south-west.
The common fields were chiefly on the
north and west sides of the town.

Colley's Garden, to the north of Lord
Street, was afterwards known as the
Orchard. Open-air meetings were held
there.

98 The following references to the
mediaeval streets and districts of the
town may be useful :

Cecily widow of Adam de Grimshaw
and Henry son of Henry de Rishton and
Margaret his wife in 1394-5 granted on
lease to John de Knoll, tailor, and Maud
his wife a burgage, together with lands in
the Moor Field by the Friars' house, and
a plat in St. John's Weind ; the lessees
were to build a timber house ; Towneley
MS. OO, no. 1054.

In 1363 William son of John de
Walton granted a burgage in Kirkgate to
Grimbald the Tailor; ibid. no. 1103.
Roger de Firewath had in 1 366 a toft in the
road to the rectory of Preston ; Kuerden
MSS. iii, P 7. This road may have

been the Parsonweind occurring in the
same set of deeds, which show that in
1388-9 Ellen del Moor had a burgage
in Preston and a barn in Parsonweind,
and that in 1408 William Winter the
younger had a barn in Parsonweind next
the kiln ; ibid. James son of John
Moor gave James Walton the elder and
Ellen his wife (mother of the grantor) a
burgage in the Kirkstile in 14412 ;
ibid. A claim by Emma widow of
Henry del Kirkstile shows that one
Henry del Moor had land in Preston as
early as 1311-12; De Banco R. 190,
m. 195. Kirkstile is a frequently recur-
ring surname ; e.g. Assize R. 405, m. 4.

Lambert Stodagh in 1428-9 granted
to John Moor of Preston a grange in
Frereweind, &c., formerly the property
of Sir Christopher Preston ; Kuerden
MSS. ii, fol. 227.

Alice widow of Ralph Kekilpenny
granted to Robert son of Hugh le Sposage
land on Avenham in the town fields of
Preston next to land of St. Wilfrid ; OO,
no. 1162. Henry son of William Simson
in 1 349 released to Roger Watson a
roodland in the field called Avenham
between land of B. Wilfrid on either
side ; ibid. no. 1157.

The Grethill, where the town's wind-
mill formerly stood, is named in a
Hoghton deed of 1527; Kuerden MSS.
iv, P ii.

Adam son of Adam de Wich in 1335
granted to Robert son of Walter de
Preston and Maud his wife lands including
ij acres on Avenham and ^ acre at
Hepgreve ; OO, no. 1117. Adam son
of Philip de Preston gave land on Ingle-
ridding, next land of the church, to
Roger son of Hugh le Sposage ; ibid,
no. 1143.

Thomas son and heir of John Lussell
had in 1527 closes called Rawmoors in
Preston; ibid. no. mi. John Lussell
and Katherine his wife occur a century
earlier (Final Cone, iii, 95), while Thomas
Lussell, clerk, and Maud his wife, daughter
of Thomas de Howick, had land in the
vill and fields of Preston in 1371 ; OO,
no. 1132.

Lands in Woodholme are mentioned

frequently. Robert son of Roger son of
Adam de Preston gave a burgage, &c.,
and land in Woodholme and Platfordale
to Richard de Ribbleton and Helen his
wife; Harl. MS. 2042, fol. 171.
William son of Hugh de Preston gave
land in Woodholme to John the Marshal
in 1320-3 ; Kuerden MSS. ii, fol. 226^.
William de Wigan gave land in the same
place to Roger de Preston in 1337 ;
Towneley MS. C 8, 13 (Chet. Lib.),

W2II.

Adam de Deepdale and Maud his wife
sold land in 1354 ; Final Cone, ii, 145.

94 This plan, in the atlas accompanying
Raines' Directory of 1825, is reproduced
by Fishwick, op. cit.

95 In 1802 a tramroad was constructed
connecting the terminus of this canal
with that of the Leeds and Liverpool
branch to ' Summit,' west of Brindle.
The Ribble was crossed by a slight bridge.
The tram wagons ceased running in
1859; Hardwick, op. cit. 386, 480;
Hewitson, Preston, 198. The bridge is
now used for foot passengers.

96 Hewitson, op. cit. 199-207. The
railway from Preston to Wigan was
opened 31 Oct. 1838 ; this gave access
to Liverpool, Manchester and the south.
Three railways were opened in 1840
from Preston to Longridge (i May), to
Lancaster (25 June), and to Fleetwood
(15 July). The line from Bolton to
Chorley was opened in 1841, but owing
to difficulties in construction the con-
tinuation to Euxton was not ready till
1843, when Preston obtained another
route to Manchester.

In 1846 the Fleetwood line opened
branches to Lytham and to Blackpool,
and the Longridge line was continued by
a tunnel to Maudlands. The new line
to Blackburn was opened, also a short
branch line to the quay by the Ribble.
In 1849 the line to Ormskirk and
Liverpool was opened, from which a
branch to Southport was made in 1855.
The West Lancashire Company's direct
route to Southport was opened in Sept.
1882.

963 Statistics from Bd. of Agric.
(1905).

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

ceased to be a township, and the areas of Ribbleton,
Grimsargh and Brockholes, and Lea, Ashton, Ingol
and Cottam were reduced.

Something has been said of Preston as a port. Dr.
Kuerden about 1682 found that a vessel of reason-
able burden might be brought up the river to Preston
by a knowing and well-skilled pilot. 97 The Kibble,
however, could only be used by small vessels. A
company was formed in 1806 to improve the naviga-
tion, 98 and in 1838 was merged in the Kibble Navi-
gation Company, in which Preston Corporation took
shares. 99 The bed of the river was deepened at
Preston, the channel seawards was dredged and sea
walls were built. A dock was made at Lytham in
1841, and in 1843, owing to the increase of trade,
the corporation made a new quay near the border of
Ashton. In 1853 additional powers were obtained
for the reclamation of tide-washed land.

Though there was a considerable coasting trade, 100
the navigation of the river continued unsatisfactory.
The corporation purchased the company's under-
taking in i883, 101 and began a comprehensive system
of improvement, the river course having since been
straightened below the town, and a large dock formed
in Ashton was opened in 1892. A small change in
the township boundaries followed the alteration of the
stream. The channel is kept open by dredging
and by a system of retaining walls to prevent silting.
The customs port extends from Preston to Hundred
End on the south side of the Kibble and as far as the
mouth on the north, and thence up to Blackpool. 102

The parish has not produced many men of distinc-
tion. In view of its present industrial position the
first place may be given to Sir Richard Arkwright,
the inventor, who was born in the town of Preston in
1732. After following the trade of barber and wig-
maker for thirty years or more, living part of the
time at Bolton, he turned his attention to cotton-
spinning machinery. He and his assistant are said to
have set up a trial machine in a large house at Stony-
gate, Preston, but his first mill (1771) was built at
Nottingham and his second near Wirksworth in
Derbyshire. He purchased the manor of Crom-
ford, was made a knight in 1786 and acted as High
Sheriff of Derbyshire in 1786-7. He died in
I792. 103

The most distinguished of the natives of the place
in the world of letters was the late Francis Thompson,
a lyrical poet of great genius and splendour of diction.
He was the son of a doctor, and born in 1859. He
was educated for the priesthood at Ushaw, but re-
nounced that calling, desiring to devote himself to

literature. He fell into destitution, but his talents
were recognized and the later years of his life were
fruitful. He died in November 1907 ; in 1910 a
memorial tablet was placed on the house where he
was born.

Lawrence Claxton or Clarkson, born at Preston in
1615, became a prominent sectary of the Common-
wealth times Presbyterian, Baptist, ' Seeker,' and
Muggletonian in turn. He published various tracts
and died in i667. 104

Edward Baynard, M.D., is thought to have been
born at Preston in 1641. In 1719 he published a
poem entitled Health. His daughter Anne was noted
for her learning and piety. 106

Josiah Chorley, son of Henry Chorley of Preston,
became the Presbyterian minister at Norwich, 1691,
till his death, about 1719. He published a metrical
index to the Bible. 106

Richard Shepherd, born at Kendal, settled at
Preston, where he practised as a physician. He died
in 1761, having bequeathed his library to the town,
together with a sum for a librarian's salary and the
purchase of fresh books. The library, which was to
be strictly for works of reference, is now deposited in
the Harris Free Library. 107 The erection of this
building was due to the trustees of Edmund Robert
Harris of Ashton, who was born at Preston in 1804
and died in 1877, he having given them power to
establish an institution of public utility in Preston to
perpetuate the memory of his father and family. 108
His father was the Rev. Robert Harris, incumbent of
St. George's, Preston, from 1797 to 1862. In the
Harris Library is preserved also the art collection
bequeathed to the town by another native of it,
Richard Newsham, 1798-1883.

Sir Edward Stanley of Bickerstaffe, who succeeded
to the earldom of Derby in 1736, is stated to have
been born at Preston in 1689 ; he served as mayor
of the town in 1731. His descendant, the late
earl, took the title of Lord Stanley of Preston on
being raised to the peerage in 1886, and was guild
mayor in 1902.

Arthur Devis, born at Preston about 1711, became
a portrait painter, exhibiting at the Free Society of
Artists, 1762-80. He died in I787. 109

William Turner, son of a Nonconformist minister,
was born at Preston in 1714, and himself became a
minister at Wakefield. He contributed to Priestley's
Theological Repository. He died in 1 794- 110

Edward Crane, born at Preston in 1721, was
educated at Kendal. He became a Nonconformist
minister at Norwich, but died young, in 1 749. m

97 Quoted by Hewitson, Preston, 214,
from which work the details in the text
have for the most part been taken. See
also Hardwick, op. cit. 391-400.

98 Priv. Act, 46 Geo. Ill, cap. izi.
In 1821 the river was used by coasters
from Liverpool, Kirkcudbright, Dublin,
&c., as well as for coal flats and other small
craft. There was a good fishery ; Whittle,
Preston, 26, 27. A list of trading vessels,
the Inrgest being of 130 tons, is given
ibid. 345.

99 The first steamboat on the Ribble
appeared about 1829 ; the second, built
at Preston, in 1834.

100 < jvjot verv long a g steamers sailed
regularly between Liverpool and Preston,
carrying grain principally. . . Formerly
considerable quantities of iron were

brought by water to Preston. There
was also a large china-clay traffic up the
river. The outward cargoes of the
vessels consisted mainly of coal from the
Wigan district ' ; Hewitson, op. cit.
(1883), 224.'

101 Loc. Act, 46 & 47 Viet. cap.
115, &c.

102 In 1826 Preston was a creek of
the port of Lancaster ; in 1839 it was
joined with Fleetwood, and became
independent in 1843.

103 Diet. Nat. Biog. In Lancashire he
built a mill near Chorley, but it was
destroyed by the populace in 1779 in
spite of the protection of police and
military.

104 Ibid. A Lawrence Clarkson, son
of Henry, appears among the burgesses

of 1622 and 1642 ; Preston Guild R.
(Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.), 88, 97.

105 Diet. Nat. Biog.

106 Ibid. ; Preston Guild R. 127.

107 Hewitson, op. cit. 294-6.

108 T ne trustees gave 100,000 in all,
of which 70,000 was for the building
and the rest for books and endowment.
The corporation gave the site. The
trustees also gave 40,000 to found the
Harris Institute, a successor of the Insti-
tution for the Diffusion of Knowledge,
founded in 1849. A third large gift
resulted in the Harris Orphanage in
Fulwood.

109 Diet. Nat. Biog.

110 Ibid. ; Nightingale, Lanes. Nonconf.
i, 10-12.

111 Diet. Nat. Biog.

PRESTON CHURCH c. 1829
(From a drawing by IV. We ' stall ', A.R.A., engraved by Edward Finden}

PRESTON CHURCH c. 1796
(From a drawing by W. Ormc)

AMOUNDERNESS HUNDRED

PRESTON

William Gregory Sharrock, born at Preston in
1742, became a Benedictine monk. He was conse-
crated in 1781 as coadjutor to Bishop Walmesley,
with the title of Bishop of Telmessus, and in 1797
succeeded him as vicar apostolic of the western
district, acting till his death in iSog. 111

Thomas Jackson, who took the surname of Calvert
in 1819, was born at Preston in 1775. He became
Fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge, Norrisian
Professor in the university, and Warden of Man-
chester. He died in iS^o. 11 *

Charles Hardwick was born at Preston in 1817,
being son of an innkeeper there. He acquired dis-
tinction as an antiquary, and his history of his native
town, issued in 1857, has been frequently quoted in
the present account. He died in iSSg. 114

Robert Cornthwaite, born in 1 8 1 8, became (Roman
Catholic) Bishop of Beverley in 1861, and on the
division of the diocese in 1878 was appointed to
the Leeds portion. He died in 1890.

William Dobson, born at Preston in 1820, and
educated at the local grammar school, was editor of
the Preston Chronicle, and wrote on local antiquities.
He died in i884. lls

Robert Gradwell, son of a Preston alderman, was
born in the town in 1825, and after education at
Ushaw became assistant priest at St. Augustine's,
Preston, and from 1860 till his death in 1906 was
stationed at Claughton-on-Brock. He was a domestic
prelate to Leo XIII. He was of antiquarian tastes,
and published a life of St. Patrick and various essays. 116

John Samuel Raven, landscape painter, was son of
the Rev. Thomas Raven, minister of Holy Trinity
Church in Preston, and was born in the town in
1829. He was drowned at Harlech, while bathing,
in i877. m

Some other worthies are noticed in the accounts of
the various townships.

The church 118 of ST. JOHN THE
CHURCH DITINE stands in the middle of the
town, on the south side of Church
Street, and is a handsome building in the style of the
1 4th century, erected in 1853-5. The former
church which stood on the same site was a low 16th-
century structure, consisting of chancel, clearstoried
nave of four bays, with north and south aisles, and
west tower, but before its demolition it had under-

gone many changes and alterations. In 16445 the
decay of the building was such that a levy of 30,
which had been previously ordered, but a great part
of which had not been paid, was increased by an
additional 20. Pews were erected in the 1 7th
century, and a rough plan of the seating c. 1650,
showing the pulpit in the middle of the nave on the
south side, has been preserved. 119 In 1671 the
interior had ' become foule and uncomely,' and efforts
were made to 'adorn and beautify' it, but the
churchwardens were desired to get the work done
'as well and as cheap as they could.' In 1680
four pinnacles were ordered to be set upon the steeple
and ' the weathercock to be placed handsomely in the
middle,' and some time before 1682 a clock and
chimes were placed in the tower. Towards the end
of the 1 7th century Dr. Kuerden describes the build-
ing as * spacious, well-built, or rather re-edifyed,' 1M
but during the 1 8th century the church was allowed
to fall into decay to such an extent m that on
7 February 1770 the entire roof fell in, and in con-
sequence the north and south walls had to be taken
down and the nave rebuilt. 1 * 2 In 1 8 1 1 the tower,
which had for some time been in an unsafe condition,
was pulled down to the level of the church roof, and
was left in that state till 1814, when it was rebuilt.
The chancel was rebuilt by Sir Henry Philip Hoghton
in l8l7. m An account of the building written in
1821 m describes the body or nave as containing three
aisles, with the royal arms where the rood formerly
stood. 'Two chapels exist, the Lea chapel and
Wall's chapel. . . . The mayor has a grand throne
erected on the right corner from the altar. . . . The
galleries are supported by eight Gothic arches, the
pillars of an octagon shape. The front gallery facing
the altar contains a well-tuned organ. . . . The spiral
pulpit and reading desk is finely constructed of solid
oak and supported by four pillars.' A view of the
church about 1845"* shows the walls of chancel,
nave and aisles to have been embattled, with lean-to
roofs to the aisles, those of the chancel and nave being
hidden behind the parapets. The clearstory windows
were square-headed and of three lights, but those in
the aisles had segmental heads, and the chancel was lit
with tall pointed windows of three lights, the mullions
crossing in the heads. The tower was lofty and had
an embattled parapet with clustered angle pinnacles. 126

118 Trans. Hist. Soc. (new ser.), xiii,
131. He wrote some tracts.

118 He published sermons ; Diet. Nat.
Biog. ; Wardens of Manch. (Chet. Soc.),
178-83.

114 Diet. Nat. Biog.

118 Ibid.

116 Liverpool Cath. Annual, 1907.

117 Diet. Nat. Biog.

118 See T. C. Smith, Rec. of the Parish
Church of Preston in Amounderness, 1892.
The mediaeval invocation was St. Wilfrid.
The rector of St. Wilfrid's, Preston, was
defendant in 1342; De Banco R. 332,
m. 149. The church was regularly called
St. Wilfrid's, as may be seen by sub-
sequent notes, but in the i6th century and
later the name is found as Winifred.

The change to St. John the Divine is
said to have been made at the end of the
i 6th century.

There was in early times a St. John
the Baptist's Weind or street (vicus),
leading perhaps to lands held by the
Knights Hospitallers ; Cockersand Chartul.

(Chet. Soc.), i, 222, 219 ; Kuerden MSS.
iii, ?7 (1340). 'St. John's Weind' is
said to have been the old name of
Tithebarn Street.

119 It is reproduced in Smith, op. cit.
247, and in Fishwick' s Hist, of Preston,
114. A large space at the south-east
corner of the nave is marked ' The antient
burying place of the Lords of Hoghton
and Lea.' This was usually known as the
Lea chapel. At the time of the demoli-
tion of the old church in 1853 notes were
made of several carvings on the backs of
the pews. They are given in Fishwick,
op. cit. 115, and bear various dates (1626,
1630, 1694) and initials. Many of the
oak panels were elaborately carved. Coats
of arms emblazoned on the windows
of the church about 1580 are recorded
in Trans. Hist. Soc. (new ser.), vi, 271 ;
xiv, 204. These have been imitated in
the windows of the present church.

130 Quoted by Fishwick, op. cit.
116.

131 In Nov. 1769 the church was

reported to be in imminent danger and
the churchwardens were ordered to con-
tract for its taking down and rebuilding.
The nave roof fell in, however, before
anything was done.

183 At a meeting held 9 Feb. 1770
' the roof and all the pillars on the north
side of the church were reported to have
fallen down and the rubbish was ordered
to be cleared away and a proper person
obtained to inspect the present state
of the church." The rebuilding was
more or less on the old lines ; the esti-
mate of cost was ji,oo6.

128 Hardwick, Hist, of Preston, 462,
where it is further stated that the quire
was renovated in 1823.

1M p eter Whittle, Hist, of Preston, 55,
quoted by Fishwick, op. cit. 117.

135 Drawn by William Physick. Re-
produced in Fishwick, op. cit. 116.

186 Glynne's description, undated, but
probably written about this time, is as
follows : 'A large church originally of plain
Perpendicular work, much modernized

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

Showing fresh symptoms of decay in the middle of
the I gth century, the whole of the building, with the
exception of the lower part of the tower, was pulled
down in i853, 127 and a new church erected on the
old foundations.

The present building, 128 which was finished in
1855, consists of chancel with south chapel, clearstoried
nave with north and south aisles and west tower and
spire, with north and south entrances in the angles
between the tower and aisles. The building is a good
example of modern Gothic and is built of Longridge
stone. The church was reseated in i867 129 and a
new reredos was erected in 1871. In 1885 an
organ chamber was built in the north side of the
chancel and vestries were added on the south side of
the chapel. There are galleries over the north and
south aisles and at the west end.

All the mural tablets and brasses which were in
the old church in 1853 have been preserved, but with
the exception of the Bushell brass at the west end of
the north aisle they are of little interest and of no
antiquity. 130 This brass, to the memory of Seth
Bushell, a woollen draper who died in 1623, was
discovered when the old building was pulled down,
and is in two pieces, one bearing a quaintly drawn
figure and the other the inscription. Both plates fell
into private hands and were not restored to the
church till 1900, when they were fixed in their
present position. 131 The Hoghton memorials in the
quire comprise mural monuments to Sir Henry
Hoghton (d. 1768) and his first and third wives,
Mary Boughton (d. February 171920) and Susannah
Butterworth (d. 1772), and to Ann Boughton, his
sister-in-law (d. 171 5), 132 who are all there interred,
and there are tablets to the memory of Sir Henry
Bold Hoghton (d. 1862), who is buried at Anglesea,
near Gosport, and Sir Henry de Hoghton (d. 1876),
who is buried in the Bold chapel at Farnworth.

There is a ring of eight bells cast by T. Mears in
1 8 1*}.. 133 The commissioners of Edward VI reported
that there were four bells, 134 besides one lent by
Sir Richard Hoghton, kt. In 1 7 1 1 an order was

given to collect in the parish for a new set of eight bells,
which were afterwards cast by Rudhall. The fourth
bell of an older peal had been recast in 1696, the
seventh was recast in 1737.

The plate 135 consists of a flagon and small paten of
1705, both inscribed 'The gift of the Right Hon.
John, Lord Gower, Baron of Stitnam, 1705 ' ; a
flagon and two large patens of 1708, all inscribed
* The gift of Madame Margery Rawstorne, widdow,
of Preston, to the Church of Preston, 1 708 ' ; a flagon
of 1719, purchased by order of the vestry, inscribed
' Preston Lanc s i7i9 ' and round the bottom ' St. John
the Evangelist, Parish of Preston'; a flagon of 1725 pur-
chased by subscription, inscribed at the bottom ' Thos.
Astley, Robert Walsham, churchwardens, 1725 '; and
four chalices, two of 1729 and two of 1785, all
without inscriptions. There is also a wine-strainer
inscribed 'The Parish Church of Preston, 1819.'

The early registers have been lost or destroyed.
Except for two pages dated 1603 the existing registers
begin in October 161 1, and from that date to the end
of 1631 have been printed. 136 In 1821 the following
books were chained to the pillars of the tower arch-
way : The Homilies, Bible, Foxis Martyrs and Synopsis
Papismi.

The churchyard was enlarged in 1804. The
oldest dated stone, of 1619, having become indeci-
pherable has been replaced by an exact copy of the
original. The old churchyard cross is named in a
will dated 1 55 1. 138

It is possible that a church at
dDFOWSON Preston was one of those holy places
deserted by the British clergy on the
approach of the destroying English of Northumbria
and about 670 granted with lands by the Ribble and
elsewhere to St. Wilfrid. 139 Though its existence may
be implied in the reference to churches in Amounder-
ness in Domesday Book, 140 the first express record of it
is that in the grant of Roger of Poitou to the abbey
of Sees in 1094, by which he gave it the church of
Preston with the tithe of his demesne and fishery,
also 2 oxgangs of land and all the tithes of the

and partially rebuilt. It has a lofty west
tower with crocketed pinnacles, nave,
aisles and chancel. The tower and
chancel are modern in imitation of Per-
pendicular work. The nave and aisles are
embattled, the nave divided from each
aisle by four lofty pointed arches rising
from octagonal columns, the capitals of
which are much encroached on by the
side galleries. The clerestory windows
are square-headed of three lights. Those
of the aisles have chiefly depressed arches
and tracery of three lights. The chancel
is tolerably large but rebuilt in poor style.
The interior, though spacious, is as usual
encumbered with galleries, and there are
some poor modern Gothic fittings. The
organ pretty good ' ; Churches of Lanes. 3 8.
Hardwick (Hist, of Preston, 462) says :
'The pretensions of the old church to
architectural beauty or even character
were so ambiguous that it was some-
times quoted in derision as an excellent
specimen of "joiners' Gothic." '

187 Plans and elevations of the old
church as it existed in 1853 are given in
Smith, op. cit. 248-9.

148 Designed by Edward Hugh Shellard.

129 There was a rearrangement of seats
in the quire in 1885.

iso The inscriptions are given in full in

Smith, op. cit. 258-66, and in Fishwick,
op. cit. 121-3.

181 The figure was in the possession of
Mr. T. Harrison Myres and the inscrip-
tion in that of Mr. F. J. Holland, both of
Preston. These gentlemen restored them
to the church. The brass is illustrated in
Thornely, Brasses of Lanes, and Ches. 272,
in Smith, op. cit. 258, and Fishwick,
op. cit. 1 20.

183 There is a small tablet inscribed,
'Sir Henry de Hoghton, bart., in his will
expressed his desire that no person should
be interred under any of the four stones
which cover the remains of Dame Mary,
his first lady, Miss Ann Boughton, her
sister, himself, and Dame Susannah, his
last lady.'

133 The inscriptions (in addition to the
weight and name of maker) are as follows :
(i) 'Venite exultemus Domino.' (2) '4
June 1814, foundation laid by Sir H. P.
Hoghton, bait., lay rector and patron.'
(3) 'June 4, 54 George III, the king's
birthday : Vivat Rex.' (4) ' June 4,
1814, account received of the Treaty of
Peace.' (5) 'The Rev. James Penny,
vicar 5 the Rev. Wm. Towne, curate,
1814.' (6) ' Rich. Newsham, esq., mayor,
1814.' (7) 'Jno. Green, Jno. Fallow-
field, Jno. Grimbaldeston, Hen. Heaton,

Jas. Middlehurst, Jno. Harrison, church-
wardens, 1814.' (8) 'Blessed are the
dead that die in the Lord. Resurgant.'

184 In 1602 Thomas Woodruff was
admitted burgess on condition of ringing
the day bell and curfew for the summer
season during his life ; Preston Guild R.
(Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.), 64. The
ringing of these bells was maintained till
recent times.

185 The list of church ornaments con-
sidered necessary in 1659 is printed by
Smith, op. cit. 253. It includes two
silver bowls with covers. In 1660 there
were five pewter flagons ' to be used at
the time of the Sacrament.'

186 In Smith's Preston Church, 83-
224. In this work are also contained
extracts from the records of the ' Four
and Twenty Gentlemen 'afterwards (1770)
known as the Select Vestry who governed
the parish. Lists of churchwardens are
also given.

187 T. C. Smith, op. cit. 265.

138 George Crook desired to be buried
'in the south side of the churchyard, nigh
unto the cross ' ; cited by Fishwick, Pnston,
124.

189 Hist. Ch. of Tork (Rolls Ser.), i,
25.

" V,C,H, Lanes, i, 288*.

PRESTON PARISH CHURCH FROM THE SOUTH-EAST

AMOUNDERNESS HUNDRED

whole parish. 141 Together with Roger's other posses-
sions the advowson reverted to the Crown in I ioz. 142
It was included in the grant of the hundred to
Theobald Walter about ngi, 143 but claimed by the
Abbot of Sees. By a compromise made in 1 1 96 the
advowson was resigned to Theobald, but the rector
was to pay 10 marks yearly to the Prior of Lancaster. 144
After King John's accession the advowson reverted to
the Crown, 145 and as part of the honour of Lancaster
descended to the earls and dukes.

Thomas Earl of Lancaster in 1316 had leave to
appropriate the rectory, 146 but his purpose, whatever
it may have been, does not seem to have been carried
further 147 ; and it was not till July 1400 that an
appropriation was made by Henry IV in favour of
the new collegiate church of St. Mary at Leicester,
known as the college of Newark ; a vicarage was to
be endowed and a sum of money distributed annually
to the poor. 148 After the confiscation of such colleges
in 1546-8 the rectory remained in the Crown 149
until 1 607, when it was sold to Sir Richard Hoghton,
the advowson of the vicarage being included. 150 His
family, retaining the rectory, sold the advowson of
the vicarage in 1828 to Hulme's Trustees, 151 the
present patrons.

About 12226 the value of the rectory was esti-

PRESTON

mated at 50 marks, 153 and in 1297 at double that
sum, 153 this agreeing with the Valor of I292. 1M
Within thirty years, however, owing to the havoc
wrought by the Scottish invasions, the taxation was
reduced to 3 5 marks. 155 The ninth of sheaves, &c.,
assessed in 1341, shows a recovery. 156 In 1527 the
rectory was thought to be worth ^42 a year and
the vicarage ^2O, 157 and this estimate is almost trie
same as that of the Valor of 1 5 3 5 158 ; it appears,
however, that the vicar had to pay the ancient
10 marks rent to the Abbess of Syon, who had taken
the place of the Abbot of Sees. 159 After the sale of
the rectory in 1607, a rent of 45 3*. %d. had to be
paid to the Crown by the lay rector, but in 1650
the value of the tithes was estimated as ^309. 16

The vicarage about 1620 had an annual value of
j66. 161 In 1650, on account of the 'distracted,
troublesome times,' it was not worth so much, but the
vicar, one of the leading Puritan divines, had 50
from the Committee of Plundered Ministers and
another ^50 from the duchy revenues, as one of the
four itinerant preachers. 161 The vicar in 1705
certified that he had 53, but the true value was
nearly double, though part was precarious. 163 The
income has greatly increased in modern times and is
now returned as .802 net. 164

141 Farrer, Lanes. Pipe R. 290.

142 This is an inference from the later
history, but the matter is not clear, for
Roger's grant, including Preston, was
confirmed by John when Count of Mor-
tain, i.e. before 1193 ; ibid. 298.

148 Ibid. 434-5. To justify Theobald
Walter's claim Preston must have been in-
cluded among the ' advowson* of churches'
not recorded by name.

144 Final Cone. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and
Ches.), i, 6. The monks, described as
tenants, retained the church of Poulton,
but surrendered Preston. Each clerk
presented to the church was to promise
to pay the 10 marks annuity.

145 From the list of rectors it will be
seen that John presented in 1201 and
1202.

146 Cal. Pat. 1313-17, p. 512. He
may have intended to bestow it on
Whalley Abbey. In a later petition from
the abbey to the Archbishop of York the
abbot and monks state that they have
obtained the church, so far as a layman
could give it, from Henry Earl of Lan-
caster, and pray for its appropriation to
their house, undertaking to pay a vicar
20 a year; Whitaker, Whalley (ed.
Nicholls), i, 168-9. The abbot's initial
is printed as C.

147 In 1354 it was found that it would
not be to the king's injury that the
advowson of the church of Preston in-
cluding, it would seem, the whole rectory
worth ,100 should be appropriated to
St. Mary's Collegiate Church at Leicester ;
Inq. p.m. 28 Edw. Ill (2nd nos.), no. 2.
The scheme was not carried through, as
the Dukes of Lancaster continued to
present to the church.

148 Cal - P^. 1399-1401, p. 341. The
New College (or Newark) was founded in
1355 ; Cal. Papal Letters, iii, 585.

The appropriation was in 1401 con-
firmed by Boniface IX ; ibid, v, 41 1 : vi,
no.

In 11520 the Dean and Chapter of the
New College of our Blessed Lady of
Leicester demised to Richard Hesketh for
twenty-five years the parsonage of Preston
with its demesne and glebe land and the

chapel of Broughton at a rent of 40 and
371. Thomas Hesketh, brother and heir
of Richard, afterwards demised it to Sir
Alexander Osbaldeston at a rent of
52 31. %d. for the use of Thomas's son
Robert; Towneley MS. DD, no. 231.
Robert Hesketh in 1531 procured afresh
lease from the college for a term of forty
years at the old rent of 40 and 371. ;
ibid. no. 384. Various disputes arising
out of these and other grants are related
in Smith, op. cit. 14-19.

149 Certain possessions of Newark
College at Preston seem to have been
granted with other church property to
Richard Venables and others in 1 549 ;
Pat. 3 Edw. VI, pt. ix. The rectory with
the advowson was probably leased for
short terms, judging from the changes of
patrons. In 1569-70 Christopher Ander-
ton of Lostock transferred to John Bold
of North Meols the advowson of Preston ;
Pal. of Lane. Plea R. 225, m. 7 ; 227,
m. 5 d. Thurstan Anderton in 1592
granted the same to Henry Bold, who in
1596 transferred it to Richard Hoghton ;
De Hoghton D.

lw Pat. 5 Jas. I, pt. xiii. The rectory
of Preston and the advowson of the
vicarage were included in the Hoghton
properties in 1616 ; Pal. of Lane. Plea
R. 317, m. 7.

The De Hoghton D. show that
Thomas Hoghton had in 1587 procured
a lease of the rectory from the Crown.

U1 Smith, op. cit. 6. It appears from
a fine of 1772 that the rectory and
advowson of Preston were in that year
sold or mortgaged to William Shaw, jun.,
by Sir Henry Hoghton ; Pal. of Lane.
Feet of F. bdle. 387, m. 114.

168 Lanes. Inq. and Extents (Rec. Soc.
Lanes, and Ches.), i, 120. 15S Ibid. 298.

1M Pop- Nick. Tax. (Rec. Com.), 307 ;
66 13*. 4</.

184 Ibid. 327 ; 23 6s. $d. The pension
payable to the Abbot of Sees is not
mentioned.

156 Inq. Nonarum (Rec. Com.), 37.
The inquiry was made at Preston. The
borough, which was excepted, was worth
7 marks and the rest of the parish 28

marks and 2od. The several townships
paid as follows : Ashton, 1 i6s. $d. ;
Lea, 2 6s. So 1 . ; Broughton, 3 13^.4^.;
Barton, 3 6s. %d. ; Haighton, i %s. $d.\
Grimsargh, 1 ioi. ; Brockholes,
i is. So 1 . ; Elston, 1 8j. 4^. ; Ribble-
ton, i is. $d. ; Fishwick the same ; in
all, 18 15..

The reasons given why the 100 marks
was not reached were that the excepted
revenues were considerable (tithe of hay
,10, other small tithes 15 marks, obla-
tions, &c., 5 marks, glebe 251.), and that by
the destruction wrought by the Scots and
other insupportable charges daily increas-
ing there were waste lands in the parish
causing a loss of 28 marks to the tax ; in

all 43 5*.

1&r Duchy of Lane. Rentals, bdle. 5,
no. 15.

15S Valor Eccl. (Rec. Com.), iv, 169 ;
the rent received by Newark College was

41 17';

59 Ibid, v, 262 ; the net value was
15 41. The manse and garden were
valued at zs., the vicarial tithes at
7 u. 4</., and the oblations and Easter
roll at 14 1 6s. $d.

160 Common-w. Ch. Sur-v. (Rec. Soc.
Lanes, and Ches.), 144-5. I n 1670 a
rent of 45 was paid to the Crown for
the rectory by Sir Richard Hoghton and
Edward Rigby ; Pat. 22 Chas. II.

161 Commoniu. Ch. Sur-v. 146.

162 Ibid. The endowment of the vicarage
included cottage and barn, with ij acres of
glebe, small tithes of the whole parish,
and the corn tithes also in Ribbleton, but
in some cases a prescriptive rent limited
the amounts payable.

A terrier of the glebe lands of the vicar-
age made in 1663 and a table of Eastei
dues of about the same time are printed
in Smith, op. cit. 12.

168 Gastrell, Notltia Cestr. (Chet. Soc.),
ii, 461. The vicar paid 4 to the curate
of Broughton.

164 Manch. Dioc. Dir. The old vicarage
was in the street so called, off Tithebarn
Street, to the north of the church. The
present house, at Eastcliff, was built in
1846.

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

Patron

The following is a list of the incumbents :

RECTORS
Instituted Name

oc. 1153-60 . . William 164

c. 1 1 90 . . . Robert 166

c. 1196 . . . Adomar de la Roche 167 .... Theobald Walter

25 Feb. 1200-1 . Ran die de la Tour 168 The King . .

? 8 July 1 202 . Mr. Peter Russinol 169 ,

oc. 121 9-40 . Amery des Roches 17 . .

3 July 1243. . William de Haverhill m . . . .

25 Aug. 1252 . Arnulf 17 * . .

22 May 1256 . Henry de Wingham 17S .... . .

20 June 1262 . Walter de Merton m . .

oc. 1286-94 . Aubrey de Roseriis 17i

oc. 1306 . . . Eustace de Cottesbach 176 ....

oc. 1312. . . James de Fairford 177

1321 . . . Thurstan de Holland 178 . . .

24 Sept. 1348 . Henry de Walton " a ....

Thomas Earl of Lane.
Henry Earl of Lane. .

Cause of Vacancy

d. P. Russinol

d. W. de Haverhill

d. Arnulf

d. Bp. Wingham

exch. J. de Fairford

166 William the priest of Preston was
first witness to an important charter ;
Farrer, op. cit. 323, 325.

168 Ibid. 361. He is called only Robert
de Preston, but is one of a number of
witnesses, all apparently clergymen. In
another ecclesiastical deed of 1193 he
appears as Master Robert de Preston ;
Lane. Ch. (Chet. Soc.), i, in.

187 After making the settlement with
the Abbot of Sees recorded in the text,
Theobald Walter presented Adomar de la
Roche ; ibid, ii, 519.

188 Cal. Rot. Chart. (Rec. Com.), 101.
The dates in the first column are

often those of presentation, the institu-
tions not being known.

169 Rot. Lit. Pat. (Rec. Com.), 14. He
was precentor of York in 1213 ; Le Neve,
Fasti, iii, I 54. The statement that Peter
was dead in 1222 shows that the Master
Peter de Russinol who occurs later must
be a different person.

170 He was nephew of the Bishop of
Winchester and is said to have been pre-
sented by Henry III ; Lanes. Inq. and
Extents, i, 120 (where he is called Henry).
Americus, rector of Preston, had letters
of protection in 1219 and 1222 ; Cal.
Pat. 1216-25, pp. 199, 336. He occurs
again in 1228, when Herbert the clerk
and other guardians of the church had
letters of protection; ibid. 1225-32,
p. 189. He was still rector in 1240,
when he claimed Chipping as a chapel of
Preston ; Abbre-v. Plac. (Rec. Com.),
no, in.

171 Haverhill was one of the king's
clerks in 1223, as appears by the Patent
Rolls, the calendars containing many
references to him. He became the king'*
treasurer and died in 1252. He was a
canon of St. Paul's ; Le Neve, Fasti, ii,
400. According to T. C. Smith (op. cit.
9, 26) he was presented to Preston
3 July 1 243, referring to Pat. 27 Hen. Ill,
m. 3. The entry does not appear in the
printed calendar, where instead it is re-
corded that on 22 July 1243 Guy de
Russilun (Rousillon) was presented to
Preston ; Cal. Pat. 1232-47, p. 387.
Guy was the king's clerk and kinsman
(Cal. Papal Letters, i, 201) and there are
a number of references to him in the
Patent Rolls.

There is probably some error, for in
1246 the church of Preston was of the
king's presentation. William de Haverhill,
the treasurer, was rector, and it was
worth 140 marks a year ; Assize R. 404,
m. 19 d.

A papal dispensation to hold two addi-
tional benefices was given to William de
Haverhill in 1244 ; Cal. Papal Letters,
i, 2ii.

17a Cal. Pat. 1247-58, p. 149 ; he was
archdeacon of 'Tours' or Thouars.
Matthew Paris, whose description must
be considered that of a hostile partisan,
says that Arnulf was a Poitevin and
chaplain to Geoffrey de Lusignan, the
king's brother, and played the fool to
amuse the king and court, being a dis-
grace to the priesthood ; ' we have seen
him pelting the king, his brother Geoffrey,
and other nobles while walking in the
orchard of St. Albans with turf, stones
and apples, and pressing the juice of
grapes in their eyes, like one devoid of
sense ' ; Chron. Maj. (Rolls Ser.), v, 329.
Such behaviour, though undignified, does
not seem vicious.

Arnulf was also a prebendary of York ;
Cal. Pat. 1247-58, p. 414.

173 Ibid. p. 471. He was an im-
portant public official, becoming keeper
of the great seal 1255-9, ant * held
a number of benefices and dignities, in-
cluding the rectory of Kirkham. He
became Bishop of London m 1259, but
retained Preston, Kirkham and some
other churches till his death in 1262.
See Diet. Nat. Biog. ; Foss, Judges ;
Le Neve, Fasti, ii, 285, &c.

In 1254 Henry de Wingham, sub-
deacon, one of the king's clerks, was
made a papal chaplain ; Cal. Papal
Letters, i, 300. There are several other
privileges and dispensations recorded for
him in the same volume, including per-
mission (in 1259) to hold for five years
all the benefices he had at the time of
his election to the see of London ; ibid.
366.

174 Pat. 46 Hen. Ill, m. 9 (quoted by
Smith, op. cit. 31). This, die most
famous of the rectors of Preston, was
also a great State officer holding many
ecclesiastical preferments. He was Chan-
cellor of England 1261-3 anc ' again
12724, being made Bishop of Rochester
in 1274. He founded Merton Coll., Oxf.
He was drowned while crossing the
Medway in 1277. See Diet. Nat. Biog. ;
Foss, Judges ; Le Neve, Fasti, ii, 561, &c.

Walter de Merton, chancellor of the
Bishop of Durham, obtained a papal dis-
pensation in 1246 ; Cal. Papal Letters,
i, 225.

175 Protections were granted him in
1286 and 1294; Cal. Pat. 128192,
p. 249 ; 1292-1301, p. 121. He occurs

also in pleadings of 1292, the surname in
one case being given as De Roseys ;
Assize R. 408, m. 39<i., 99, 24.

He made a gift to Henry de Haydock
of Ashton in return for land in Dobcroft
given to Preston Church ; Kuerden MSS.
iv, C 25.

176 Cal. Pat. 1301-7, p. 457 ; ' Preston '
may be an error for Prescot (q.v.), but
Eustace was defendant in a plea regard-
ing land in Preston in 1305 5 De Banco
R. 153, m. 206 d.

177 The name is also given as Fair-
stead. In Jan. 1311-12 letters dimissory
were granted by the Archbishop of
York to James de Fairford, rector of
Preston in Amounderness ; note by J. P.
Earwaker, Raines MSS. (from the York
records). James de Fairford is named as
the immediate predecessor of Thurstan de
Holland, rector in 1323, in a claim for
tithes by the Prior of Lancaster ; Lane.
Ch. ii, 448.

178 Thurstan de Holland is stated to
have exchanged the rectory of Hanbury
for Preston with James de Fairford ; the
reference given is Add. MS. 6065, fol. 267
(Fishwick, Preston).

As Thurstan is often named in plead-
ings, &c., it is probable that he, unlike
most of the other rectors, was resident.
He when eighteen (about 1314) accepted
the rectory of Hanbury, and obtained
a papal dispensation in 1319 to retain
it, his intercessor being Thomas Earl
of Lancaster ; Cal. Papal Letters, ii, 189.

The Abbot of Sees' claim against
Thurstan for the annuity of 10 marks,
already recorded, occurs in the Plea
Rolls from 1325 onwards ; De Banco R.
258, m. 140 ; 292, m. 257 ; 300, m. 185.

Thurstan de Holland occurs as rector
down to the beginning of 1348 ; ibid. 350,
m. 20 ; 353, m. 302.

179 For the presentations about this
time reference is given to Torre's Re-
gisters of the Archdeacons of Richmond ;
Fishwick's Preston.

Henry de Walton was of the family of
Walton-le-Dale, and became Archdeacou
of Richmond in 1349 by papal provi-
sion, he then holding the church of
Preston and canonries at Salisbury and
York ; Cal. Papal Letters, iii, 290.
There are many other references to him
in the same volume, including dispensa-
tions from residence and for further
benefices, &c. He incurred sentence of
excommunication in 1357, but it was
suspended ; ibid, iii, 584. See also
Le Neve, Fasti, iii, 138, &c.

AMOUNDERNESS HUNDRED

PRESTON

Name

Patron

Instituted

9 Dec. 1359 Robert de Burton 18 Henry Duke of Lane.

oc. 1369 . . . John de Charneles 181

13 Oct. 1374 . Ralph de Erghum, D.C.L. 1S> . . . John Duke of Lane.

? 1 380-99 . John de Yarburgh 183

1399 . , William de Stevington 184 ....

VICARS

? 1400 . . Richard Walton 185

17 Jan. 1418-19 John White 186 New Coll., Leicester

26 Apr. 1421 . John York alias Legeard lt7 ...

6 Mar. 1451-2. Thomas Tunstall m

9 Sept. 1454 . Robert Cowell 189

oc. 1482-1501 . Thomas Bolton 19

c. 1 5 1 6 . . . Robert Singleton 191 Sir A. Osbaldeston

oc. 1548-62 . . Nicholas Bradshaw, LL.B. 132 .

22 Oct. 1563 . Roger Chorley 193 Thomas Packet

15 Sept. 1566 . Leonard Chorley 194 William Chorley .

12 Sept. 1572 . Nicholas Daniel, B.D. 195 .... John Bold . . .

15 Sept. 1580 . Thomas Wall 196 ...

Cause of Vacancy
d. H. de Walton

d. R. Walton
res. J. White
d. J. York
exch. T. Tunstall

d. T. Bolton

d. N. Bradshaw
d. R. Chorley
res. L. Chorley
res. N. Daniel

180 An abstract of the will of Robert
de Burton, rector of Preston, dated at
Leicester Abbey, 16 Jan. 1360, is given
from Gibbon's Early Line, frills, 23,
by T. C. Smith, op. cit. 35. No benefice
or dignity except Preston is named.

Another Robert de Burton had several
preferments ; Cal. Papal Letters, iii,
241, &c.

181 He was rector in 1369, when he
complained that various persons had
broken his close at Preston ; De Banco
R. 435, m. 368.

John de Charneles had canonries at
York and Lichfield, and dispensations for
benefices, &c. ; Cal. Papal Letters, iii, 92
(i 342), &c. He died in 1 374 ; Le Neve,
Fasti, i, 591.

18a Raines MSS. (Chet. Lib.), xxii, 389.

Ralph de Erghum (Arkholme) was
chancellor of John of Gaunt and became
Bishop of Salisbury (1375) and Bath
(1388). He had various canonries, &c.;
Cal. Papal Letters, iv, 167, 215, &c.; Le
Neve, Fasti, ii, 600 ; i, 139, &c.

188 John de Yarburgh became canon of
York in 1385 and exchanged for a canonry
at St. Paul's in 1395, resigning the latter
in 1400 ; ibid, iii, 20$ ; ii, 380. He, being
in his fifty-eighth year and unable from his
infirmities to reside at Preston, received
a papal dispensation for non-residence
there in 1397; Cal. Papal Letters, v,
22. He was a clerk of the Duke of
Lancaster's in 1378 ; Cal. Pat. 1377-81,
p. 262. In 1399 he became one of the
prebendaries of the New College at
Leicester; ibid. 1399-1401, p. 13.

An incident of his time may be re-
corded here. One John Robinson Atkin-
son of Balderston having killed Thomas
Banastre at Preston in May 1395, fled to
the church for safety. Acknowledging his
crime before the king's coroner he was,
about a month later, allowed to go on
abjuring the realm. He was pardoned in
1397; Pal. of Lane. Chan. Misc. 1/3,
no. 80.

184 He resigned in order to allow the
dean and canons to take possession ; Cal.
Papal Letters, vi, no. The date is not
given, but it must have been before 1406
and may have been in 1400.

185 Richard Walton was vicar of Preston
in 1400 if a deed preserved by Kuerden is
rightly dated ; Kuerden MSS. ii, fol. 250,
no. 25. In Harl. MS. 2042 (fol. 168)
what seems to be the same deed bears the
years 3 Hen. IV and 3 Hen. V. He was

a burgess of Preston by hereditary right in
1415 ; Preston Guild R. (Rec. Soc. Lanes,
and Ches.), 7.

In an undated deed (c. 1410) Magota
widow of William Walton of Walton-le-
Dale granted certain lands to her son
Richard Walton, vicar of St. Wilfrid's,
Preston ; Kuerden MSS. iv, P 1 18, no. 26.

186 Raines MSS. xxii, 395.

187 Ibid, xx, 397. He occurs in local
charters and pleadings ; e.g. Add. MS.
32107, no. 2292; Pal. of Lane. Plea
R. 2, m. I ; Dep. Keeper's Rep. xxxiii,
App. 21.

188 Raines MSS. xxii, 379. The vicarage
fell vacant on 1 8 Feb. 1451-2 by the
death of John York alias Legeard, and on
inquiry it was found that the Dean and
Chapter of New College, Leicester, were
patrons. Tunstall is named in a local
deed ; Add. MS. 32107, no. 552, 2953.

189 Raines MSS. xxii, 379. Cowell
had been rector of Thurnby, Line, dioc.,
to which Tunstall went. Robert Cowell
was an in burgess at the guild of 1459 ;
Preston Guild R. 12. His name occurs in
local deeds down to 1473 ; e.g. Kuerden
MSS. iii, W 8 (no. 95), K 2.

io Thomas Bolton, vicar, was one of
the witnesses to the will (dated 1482) of
Richard Taylor, who desired his body to be
buried in St. Wilfrid's Church ; Kuerden
fol. MS. fol. 396, T. Thomas 'Berton'
was vicar in 1483-4 ; Kuerden MSS. iv,
R 14. He is again named as Thomas
Bolton in 1486 ; Add. MS. 32107, no. 363.
The king, apparently in 1498, leased to
Thomas Bolton for thirty years the vicarage
of the parish church of Preston ; Duchy
of Lane. Misc. Bks. xxi, 56 a/d. There
is nothing to show how the vicarage had
come into the king's hands. Thomas
Bolton was still rector in 1501 ; Dep.
Keeper's Rep. xl, App. 542.

191 By inquiry made in 1527 it was
found that the church was appropriated
to the college of ' New Work,' Leicester,
and that the vicar was Robert Singleton,
who had held it for eleven years ; Duchy
of Lane. Rentals, bdle. 5, no. 15.

Sir Alexander Osbaldeston in 1494 ob-
tained a grant of the next presentation
from the College of Newark, Leicester,
and presented Robert son of John Single-
ton some time between 1515 and 1522.
The grant was disputed, but on trial
upheld ; Ducatus Lane. (Rec. Com.), i,
195, printed by Smith, op. cit. 15-16. A
writ in this case was issued 8 Oct. 1516,

the church being then vacant ; Pal. of
Lane. Writs Proton. 8 Hen. VIII, Lent.
Robert Singleton was vicar in 1535 ;
Valor, v, 262. One of the name became
archpriest of St. Martin's, Dover, in 1535 ;
ibid, i, 95. He was a correspondent of
Cromwell's ; L. and P. Hen. VIII, x, 612,
640. The same or another graduated at
Oxford (M.A. 1527) and became rector of
Potsgrove, Beds., 1 549 ; Foster, Alumni.

193 Nicholas Bradshaw was in 1535 one
of the canons of the Newark College ;
Valor Eccl. (Rec. Com.), iv, 171. The
inventory of church goods at Preston in
1552, signed by him, shows a fair number
of vestments, &c., remaining. There was
also a ' painted cloth which was about the
sepulchre' ; T. C. Smith, op. cit. 252-3.
The name is given as James Bradshaw in
Chet. Misc. (new ser.), i, 3. He occurs
as vicar of Preston in the Chester visita-
tion lists of 1 548 and 1562. In the latter
it is said he ' appeared and subscribed.'
Mortuus is marked against his name.

198 In the visitation list of 1563 he was
curate of Chorley and vicar of Preston.
He was buried at Chorley 26 July 1566.

The names of patrons and dates of
institution from this period are taken
from papers in the Dioc. Reg. Chester.

194 Compounded for first-fruits 26 Oct.
1566 ; Lanes, and Ches. Rec. (Rec. Soc.
Lanes, and Ches.), ii, 409.

One of this name was B.A. at Oxford
1571, and afterwards (1581) a barrister;
Foster, Alumni. He seems to have become
Recorder of Liverpool 1602-20 ; Picton,
Munic. Rec. i, 112.

195 Nicholas ap Evan Daniel was vicar
of St. Leonard, Shoreditch, 1563-8, be-
ing deprived for nonconformity, Canon
Raines supposed ; he was also a Fellow of
Manchester and was there accused of un-
sound doctrine ; Raines, Manch. Fellows
(Chet. Soc.), 56-7. He compounded for
his first-fruits at Preston 19 Nov. 1572.
At Preston he preached twice every
Sunday and holiday. He was a married
man.

196 Act Bk. at Chester, 1579-1676,
fol. 3^. Compounded for first-fruits
30 Nov. 1580. An abstract of his will,
dated 18 Aug. 1592, is printed by T. C.
Smith, op. cit. 45. He was in 1591
described as ' an old grave man of simple
persuasion in divinity and one that in his
youth hath used sundry callings and now
at last settled himself in the ministry ' ;
Hist. MSS. Com. Rep. xiv, App. iv, 60 1.

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

Instituted
21 Dec. 1592

12 Feb. 1603-4
28 May 1621

1 8 Nov.) , ,

, ^ f 1020

1 6 Dec. j

1 1 Nov. ) ,

T- r 1030
2 Dec. ) 3

Name Patron

,.... c , , . 1q7 (Henry Bold . . ,

William Sawrey, M.A. 197 . . . . Ir.*. A

/J (The Queen. . . ,

John Paler 198 Rt. Parkinson . . ,

Sir Richard Hoghton

( Sir R. Hoghton .

James Martin, M.A. 199
Augustine Wildbore, D.D. 200 .

Cause of Vacancy

J d. T. Wall

res. W. Sawrey
d. J. Paler

(The King

"3?

2 July 1657
10 Feb. 1657-8
14 Feb. 1662-3
27 Nov. 1663
12 Dec. 1682
29 May 1700.
14 July 1727

T o i- /r A 901 (Sir R. Hoghton

James Starfae, M.A. | The King . .

Isaac Ambrose, M.A. 202 ....

George Thomason 203 Sir R. Hoghton

William Cole, B.A. 204

Thomas Stanhope, M.A. 205 ...

Seth Bushell, D.D. 206

Thomas Birch 207 Sir C. Hoghton

Samuel Peploe, M.A. 208 ....

Samuel Peploe, D.D. 209 .... The King . .

res. A. Wildbore

cess. W. Cole
res. T. Stanhope
res. S. Bushell
d. T. Birch
prom. Bp. Peploe

In 1590 it was reported that the vicar,
who was ' no preacher,' had ' by corrup-
tion ' only 20 marks a year out of the
vicarage revenues ; S. P. Dom. Eliz. xxxi,

47-

197 Act Bk. at Chester, fol. 21. He
appears to have had two presentations,
one from the queen and another from
Henry Bold of North Meols ; Smith,
op. cit. 46. He compounded for first-
fruits 5 Feb. 15923. He was also rector
of Windermere 15941610.

198 Act Bk. at Chester, fol. 37;
'preacher of the Word of God.' Parkin-
ion presented by virtue of a grant from
Richard Hoghton. John Paler was buried
at Preston 16 Apr. 1621, the entry in the
register describing him as ' a notable
labourer in the Lord's vineyard.' An
inventory of his goods (Smith, op. cit. 47)
shows that he had a considerable library,
his books being worth ,14 ios.

199 Act Bk. at Chester, fol. 72. He
was a king's preacher. Martin paid first-
fruits 29 May 1621. He graduated at
Oxford (M.A. 1611) and Cambridge;
Foster, Alumni. He was deprived for
imony in 1623. Some ten years later
he made bitter complaint of his treatment,
alleging that his wife and son had starved
to death in the street ; Cal. S. P. Dom.
16334, pp. 7, II, 39. His character-
sketch of hig enemies, who were Puritans,
is printed by Fishwick, op. cit. 1802.
Martin seems to have been regarded as of
unsound mind.

The institutions from this time have
been compared with those recorded at the
P.R.O. as printed in Lanes, and Ches.
Antiq. Notes.

aoo The history of the vicarage from
1623 to 1626 is obscure, the proceedings
concerning Martin causing difficulty. The
records of the Chester registry show that
Alexander Bradley, B.A., was presented
by the king, 'by lapse,' on 21 June 1623,
and John Inskip on 6 July following.
The latter sought institution, but does not
appear to have obtained it ; Act Bk. at
Chester, fol. 736, 76^, and at end of
volume. Augustine Wildbore was pre-
sented by Sir Richard Hoghton on
3 Mar. 1625-6, the vacancy being due to
the ' deprivation of James Martin, last
vicar' ; but on I Dec. following he was
presented by the king, 'patron for this
turn by reason of the outlawry of the
patron or by lapse.' The first-fruits were
paid 20 Feb. 1626-7. Some entries re-
lating to John Inskip, with an abstract of
his will (1632), are printed by T. C.
Smith, op. cit. 51.

Wildbore was educated at Sidney-Sussex

Coll., Camb. (M.A. 1614, D.D. 1633).
He was appointed a king's preacher ;
was vicar of Garstang in 1621, of
Preston in 1626, and of Lancaster
1630, vacating Preston. He was a strong
Royalist and was expelled from his bene-
fices by Parliament in 1643. He died in
1654. See the full account by H. Fish-
wick in Garstang (Chet. Soc.), 14953.

201 Act Bk. at Chester, fol. 91 b, \i6b.
First-fruits paid 25 Nov. 1630. The
king's nomination was said to be due to
the outlawry of the patron, lapse, or
simony. James Starkie was in 1636 ad-
monished by the High Commission Court,
probably for some nonconformity ; Cal.
S. P. Dom. 1635-6, p. 485. In 1639 he
was promoted to the rectory of North

Meols(q.v.).

202 This noteworthy vicar of Preston
wag the son of Richard Ambrose, vicar
of Ormskirk, where he was baptized
in 1604. He was educated at Brasenose
Coll., Oxf. ; B.A. 1 624, M.A. Camb.
1632 ; Foster, Alumni. Incumbent of
Castleton, Derb., 1627 ; Clapham, 1629 ;
king's preacher in Lancashire, 1631; was a
zealous Presbyterian and member of the
classis 1646, signing the ' Harmonious
Consent ' in 1648 ; became vicar of Gar-
stang in 1654 and was ejected for non-
conformity in 1662. He died in Jan.
16634. He published various religious
works, including Looking unto Jesus, 1658.
See Diet. Nat. Stag. ; Wood, Athenae ;
Garstang (Chet. Soc.), 154-176. Am-
brose was still vicar of Preston till 1657,
when he released to Sir Richard Hoghton
all right in the vicarage ; De Hoghton D.
During part of the time (1655 on )
William Brownsword was in charge of the
parish but was not styled vicar ; he was
afterwards of Kendal. See articles by
Rev. B. Nightingale in Preston Guardian,
9-30 Apr. 1910.

204 Plund. Mini. Accts. (Rec. Soc. Lanes,
and Ches.), ii, 189. One of this name
was educated at Oxford ; B.A. 1659 5 an< ^
afterwards held various benefices ; Canon
of Lincoln 1683-1712 ; Foster, Alumni,

204 Plund. Mins. Accts. ii, 216, 222.
Educated at Corpus Christi Coll., Camb. ;
B.A. 1640; Fishwick, Preston, 185. In
1662 he was willing to conform to some
extent, but wag ejected from Preston or
left it voluntarily. Next year, however,
he accepted the vicarage of Dedham ;
Smith, op. cit. 59. He had previously
held Kirkby Lonsdale and Newcastle-on-
Tyne.

205 Stanhope was educated at St. John's
Coll., Camb. ; Admissions (ed. Mayor),
i, ill ; M.A. 1660. He is said to have

acted afterwards as chaplain at Hoghton
Tower ; Smith, op. cit. 60. His son
George became Dean of Canterbury
1704 to 1728.

206 Educated at Oxford ; M.A. 1654,
D.D. 1672 ; Foster, Alumni. Some
notice of this vicar has been given under
Euxton, of which he was curate in 1650.
Conforming at the Restoration he was
very tolerant of Dissenters, and became
popular at Preston and Lancaster, where
he wag vicar from 1682 till his death in
1684. His epitaph describes him as
devoted to the English Reformed Church,
and faithful to the two Charleses in very
difficult times; Smith, op. cit. 61-3,
where his will is given ; Wood, Athenae ;
Diet. Nat. Biog.

207 Act Bk. at Chester, fol. 158.
Neither vicar nor curate is recorded in
the visitation list of 1691, but James
Bland, curate, was ' conformable ' in
1689 ; Hist. MSS. Com. Rep. xiv, App.
iv, 230. Birch's will is printed in Smith,
op. cit. 68.

He was not liked by some of the more
influential of his parishioners, who com-
plained that he did not reside and that
he disparaged the Prayer Book. Bishop
Stratford made inquiry and wrote to the
mayor, showing that some of the charges
were untrue and other matters would be
reformed. In particular the vicar was
willing to restore the daily prayers in the
church ; Loc. Glean. Lanes, and Ches. ii,
6, 9.

208 The Hoghton family were Noncon-
formists, and from a letter among the
De Hoghton D. it appears that Sir
Charles Hoghton gave the nomination of
Birch's successor to the mayor of Preston
and others. It is not clear, however,
that they selected Peploe, who was a
zealous Whig, afterwards warden of Man-
chester 1718, and Bishop of Chester 1726,
when he resigned Preston. Peploe is
said to have owed these promotions to
his courage in reading the prayers for
King George at the time when the
Jacobite army was actually in possession
of Preston. He was also very energetic
in prosecuting Roman Catholics. See
further in the account of Manchester
Church. He died in 1752.

John Stanley was presented 13 Apr.
1726 by the king, but there does not
seem to be any record that he was insti-
tuted ; he at once accepted a rectory at
Liverpool.

209 Son of Bishop Peploe, whom he
succeeded also as warden of Manchester
in 1738 ; see the account of the church
there. He resigned Preston in 1743 on

AMOUNDERNESS HUNDRED

Randal Andrews, B.A. 210 . .
Humphrey Shuttleworth, M.A. 2
James Penny, M.A. 212 . . .
Roger Carus Wilson, M.A. 213 .
John Owen Parr, M.A. 214 . .
James Hamer Rawdon, M.A. 15
Hercules Scott Butler, M.A. 216

Instituted
30 Apr. 1743
30 Oct. 1782

6 Sept. 1809

I Mar. 1817
14 Apr. 1840
12 July 1877

9 Apr. 1900

The rectory, having been in the patronage of the
kings or lords of the honour of Lancaster, was filled by
a series of royal clerks or busy officials, most of whom
probably never resided, discharging their priestly
duties by curates. Hence it was an advantage to the
church, and no doubt to the parish, when the rectory
was appropriated to the New College at Leicester and
a responsible vicar placed in the cure. In addition
to the chapel at Broughton there seem to have been
two or three others in the parish,* 17 and for these and
the chantries there was no doubt a competent staff of
chaplains. A list of twelve clergy was recorded about
l $3> ns but the visitation list of 1548 names only
the vicar, two chantry priests and three others ; in
1562 there were still the vicar, his curate, the curate
of Broughton and another. 219 Nothing seems to be
known of the first Elizabethan vicars, but from the
character of the district the conformity with the
religious legislation of the time was little more than
nominal, and when a convinced Protestant was
appointed in i 572 he was soon 'in great perplexity ' and
' many ways threatened of his life for his well doing,'
i.e. in particular because at Easter he had ' taken the

Patron

William Shaw .
Sir H. Hoghton .
Sir H. P. Hoghton .
W. W. Carus Wilson
Hulme's Trustees .

PRESTON

Cause of Vacancy
res. S. Pcploe
d. R. Andrews
res. H. Shuttleworth
d. J. Penny
d. R. C. Wilson
d. J. O. Parr
res. J. H. Rawdon

names of all such as would not receive the blessed
communion,' 22 and because he had captured a ' false
priest at mass.' m The curate or parish priest whom
he found in charge, a married man of openly evil
life, 222 had winked at every abuse and insulted the
vicar, causing the ' bells to be rung for souls ' when
the vicar was preaching and telling him to come down
from the pulpit. The parish clerk was a ' popish
boy,' who never appeared at church except to make
such a noise on the organ on Sunday that no one
could understand the singing. 223 The communion
table was formed from an old altar, and * altar stones
and idols' seats ' were still in their places ; even a
'great number of alabaster images' which had been
taken down in accordance with the queen's commands
had been carefully buried in the vicarage garden, but
the vicar had found and destroyed them.

This incumbent stayed but a few years and his
successor, who was ' no preacher,' had tried many
occupations before becoming a minister. His successors,
and in particular John Paler, may have been those
who influenced the Protestant population towards
Puritanism, so that Vicar Martin seems to have been

being collated to Tattenhall in Cheshire.
He died in 1781.

210 William Shaw presented by grant of
Sir Henry Hoghton. The new vicar was
educated at Magdalen Hall, Oxf. ; B.A.
1732 ; Foster, Alumni. He was curate
of St. George's, Preston. Being a Whig
he had many enemies in the town, who
asserted he had paid for the presentation.
He died at the Bull's Head, Manchester,
4 Aug. 1782. His son became vicar of
Ormskirk.

211 Educated at Christ Church, Oxf. ;
M.A. 1760 ; Foster, Alumni. Vicar of
Kirkham, 1771, king's preacher 1790,
Canon of York 1791. He resigned
Preston in 1809, but retained Kirkham
till his death in 1812. He published
Lectures on the Creed of Pius IV and
some anti-Popery tracts. See Fishwick,
Kirkham (Chet. Soc.), 84-5.

212 Educated at Oxf. ; M.A. 1784.
Rector of Chipping (q.v.) 1807-16.

813 Educated at Trinity Coll., Camb. ;
M.A. 1818. A monument to him was
erected in the chancel by public subscrip-
;ion.

214 Educated at Brasenose Coll., Oxf. ;
M.A. 1830; Indian chaplain 1821,
vicar of Durnford 1834, hon. canon
of Manchester 1853. He wa8 a ' 8 a
county magistrate. There is a monument
to him in the chancel.

815 Educated at Brasenose Coll., Oxf. ;
M.A. 1861 ; incumbent of Shaw 1875,
hon. canon of Manchester 1890, rector
of Yelverton 1900.

216 Educated at Brasenose Coll., Oxf. ;
M.A. 1877 ; vicar of St. Barnabas',
Holbeck, 1883, of Farnworth near Bolton
1894. Hon. canon of Manchester 1908.

217 As at Fernyhalgh and Barton.
Kuerden, about 1680, speaks of a foot
passage 'through the churchyard south-

ward by the public school and ancient
place called Ch :pel of Avenham, over
the Swillbrook,' &c. ; Hardwick, Preston,
210. Nothing else seems known of this
chapel. A John ' de Capella ' occurs
c. 1 240 ; Cockersand Chartul. {,217. A
lease of the rectory made in 1545 (quoted
in a petition of 1572) speaks of 'the
glebe and demesne lands belonging to the
said church and rectory together with the
chapels of Broughton, Ribbleton, Ashton
Bank and Lea, and three burgages in
Preston,' &c. ; but there has probably
been some mistake in quoting ; Duchy
of Lane. Plead. Eliz. xci, F 15.

118 Smith, op. cit. 20, citing ' a subsidy
book in the Record Office.' The names
given fix the date as between 1527 and
1535. In the same work (p. 19) is
given a list of seven names, dated 1525,
from 'the Chapter House Book, B 2/15
(R.O.) ' ; this is incomplete, as it does
not contain Thomas Bostock's name.

219 Visitation lists at Chester. It ap-
pears that another priest (not named)
was in 1 548 paid by the corporation in
accordance with a lease ending in 1560.
This priest, whose name occurs in the
list of 1525, was still ministering in 1561,
though 'somewhat addicted to the ale-
house, and insufficient ' ; Raines, Chan-
tries (Chet. Soc.), 205. He does not
occur in 1562.

It further appears that the old chantry
priest and schoolmaster (not named in
1562) continued to minister ; he was re-
ported to be ' an unlearned priest," and
being a recusant was under surveillance
by the authorities ; Cal. S. P. Dom. Add.

I547-65. P- 523-

220 In the Consistory Court Records at
Chester -is a certificate sent to the vicar
of Preston c. 1575 stating that Arthur
Hoghton of Broughton had received ' the

holy communion at Easter last in the
church of Goosnargh according to the
laws of this our English Church.'

221 The vicar's letter and his curate's
reply are printed in Smith, op. cit. 424.

It was only with the greatest difficulty
that the judge and jury could be forced
to convict the priest and others.

222 His name, William Wall, does not
seem to occur in the lists of pre-Reforma-
tion clergy. William Wall, clerk, was
an in burgess at the guild of 1582, and
Thomas son of William Wall, clerk,
deceased, at that of 1602 ; Preston Guild
R. 32,49.

The curate in his reply admitted some
of the serious faults alleged, but said he
had not taken bribes from recusants to
conceal their not coming to church, &c.
He had had a dispute with the vicar about
the burial of unchristened children ; it
had never been the custom to bury them
in the churchyard. The custom of the
Rogation Days is mentioned : ' During the
three days before Ascension Day he (the
curate) went to the cross in the town and
willed the people to pray to God to prosper
the fruits of the earth as is appointed by
the book.'

223 The singers would have 'no Geneva
psalm ' before the sermon. The clerk
in reply admitted 'that he being one
that can sing and play on the organs and
a teacher of children to sing, did never
sing a psalm before the sermon,' but he
had ' no book of psalms.'

From what is said in the text it is clear
that the organ was soon afterwards taken
down. The next was erected in 1 802 in
the west gallery ; Smith, op. cit. 257.
The bequest of Thomas Hoghton, the
exiled lord of Lea, in 1580, for a pair of
organs, &c., may be mentioned here ;
Knox, Life of Card. Allen, 85.

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

driven out by this party. 224 In 1637 Lancashire was
reported to Archbishop Laud as an extremely Puritan
county ; at Preston and Manchester they called the
surplices ' the rags of Rome,' and suffered no organs
in the churches. 225 At the formation of the Presby-
terian classis in 1646 three Preston aldermen became
members of it. 226

There is evidence of a somewhat higher type ofchurch-
manship in the town after the Restoration, 227 and in the
last century, under modern conditions, a great change
has taken place in Preston, as elsewhere, by the pro-
vision of new churches and schools and a large staff of
clergy, the new movement being due apparently to
the Rev. R. C. Wilson, vicar from 1817 to i839- 228

There were two endowed chantries in the parish
church, those at the altars of the Rood or Crucifix of
Jesus and St. Mary. The former is stated to have
been founded by a Sir Richard Hoghton for the souls

of his ancestors, and in 1547 John Shepherd was the
chaplain, and celebrating accordingly. There was no
plate belonging to it, and the endowment, producing
j5 is. %d. yearly, was derived from burgages, lands,
&c., in Preston. 229 In other places William or Richard
Whalley is called the founder of the Crucifix chantry. 230
After the confiscation there were numerous disputes
about the property. 231 The altar of St. Mary is
mentioned in I349- 232 The chantry thereat was said
to have been founded by Ellen widow of Henry
Hoghton for a chaplain to celebrate continually for
her soul and all Christian souls, and to keep a free
grammar school. 233 This chantry can be traced back
to 1430, and seems to have been due to contributions
from various sources. 234 Nicholas Banaster was the
incumbent in 1547, and 'by report of the inhabi-
tants ' the ordinances of the foundation had been
'well kept and used.' There was no plate, and the

M4 See the accounts of the vicars above.

Evidence of Puritan feeling is given by
the strict prohibition of trading on 'the
Sabbath Day,' passed by the guild of
1602. In 1616 the Council ordered house-
keepers to keep their street doors shut
during service time on Sabbath days and
festivals, and to prevent their children
playing in the streets or sitting in the
street doors on the Sabbath. Ale-houses
were regulated, being ordered to close at
9 p.m. ; Abram, Memorials of the Guilds,

36, 37-

In 1625-8 Henry Banister bequeathed
;6oo ' towards the maintenance and
settling of a minister or ministers of God's
Word, if (the trustees) should so think
fit, to water the dry and barren places in
the County of Lancaster, where there
should be greatest want of a preaching
ministry, to direct the people to the
glory of God.' With this and other
sums land in Brockholes was purchased,
and of the resulting rent-charge of ji6 a
moiety has since been paid to the vicar of
Preston ; End. Char. Rep. 1905, p. 742.
The vicar now applies it to the payment
of a deaconess and a Church Army
evangelist.

125 Cal. S. P. Dom. 1637, p. 26.

226 Baines, Lanes, (ed. Harland), i, 228.

M7 See the account of Vicar Birch.
The full clerical staff probably consisted
of the vicar, his curate and the curate of
Broughton. An additional church was
built in 1716 at Grimsargh and another
in 1723 at Preston.

228 T. C. Smith, op. cit. 78.

829 Raines, Chantries (Chet. Soc.),
202-4; Smith, op. cit. 233. It does
not appear which of several Sir Richards
founded this chantry ; it may have been
the founder of one at Ribchester in 1407.

In 1487 it was found that Alexander
Hoghton and Elizabeth his wife had a
chantry in Preston Church, John Trout-
beck being chaplain, and they were bound
to maintain the fabric and supply book,
vestments, &c. ; Raines, loc. cit.

If this altar were at the end of the
south aisle, where the Lea burial-place
was, the crucifix was probably some special
one, and not the chancel rood.

880 In 1495 and 1500 the mayor and
burgesses, being patrons of the chantry
of the Rood of Preston, demised a burgage
in Fishergate and an acre of land for forty
years, rents of los. for each to be paid to
the priest who should say mass, according
to the intent of Richard Whalley, founder
of the same; Kuerden MSS. iv, P 121,

no. 95, 96. In 1507 Thomas Whalley,
chaplain, and another surrendered to the
mayor and others certain lands for the
enlarging or augmentation of the chantry
belonging to the altar before the holy
crucifix within the parish church of St.
Wilfrid the Bishop in Preston, the priest
to pray especially for the soul of William
Whalley, priest, late founder of the same;
ibid. no. 91, 92.

From this it appears that Whalley's
foundation was intended for an additional
priest at the Rood altar. His benefaction
seems to have led to disputes with the
Hoghtons. Thus in 1498 Sir Alexander
Hoghton nominated William Gaiter to
celebrate, and in 1500 and 1507 the cor-
poration named the same priest ; ibid,
iii, H 9 ; and iv, P 121, no. 76, 79, 86.

The agreement with the corporation
was that William Gaiter 'shall say mass
afore the rood in Preston Kirk three
days in a week, that is to say Sunday,
Wednesday and Friday, and he be disposed,
and to pray for the souls of Richard
Whalley and his wifes (sic) and William
Whalley priest his son,' &c. ; and that ' he
shall keep and maintain God's service to
his power as St. Mary's priest does ' ;
and ' be ready to say mass if the mayor
require him'; ibid, iv, Pi I. The
charters are in Duchy of Lane. Misc.
bdle. 2, no. 15.

Richard Hoghton as feoffee of Richard
Whalley nominated James Tarleton to
celebrate in the chantry ; Add. MS.
32106, no. 751.

In 1527 the chantry before the crucifix
was held by Thomas Bostock, who had
been appointed about eleven years before ;
the Hoghton patronage is admitted ; Duchy
of Lane. Rentals, bdle. 5, no. 15. John
Shepherd, named in the text, was the
priest in 1535 ; Valor Eccl. y, 263. The
income was then given as 4 41. 10^. clear.

231 An account of them is given by
T. C. Smith, op. cit. 235. For grants of
the chantry lands see Pat. 5 Jas. I, pt. xx,
and 7 Jas. I, pt. xxxiv.

982 In that year Adam de Brockholes
gave his lands in Brockholes to William
de Elston, charged with a rent of 6s. %d. t
to continue for a hundred years, for the
celebration of masses at the altar of B.
Mary in the church of Preston for the
souls of Adam and his kindred ; Add. MS.
32108, fol. 289.

283 Raines, op. cit. 2057 5 Smith, op.
cit. 230. Ellen was the wife of Sir
Henry Hoghton, who died in 1479 ; she
may have augmented an older foundation.

The altar was probably at the end of
the north aisle, afterwards known as
'Wall's chapel.'

234 In 1430 the feoffees granted to Ellen
Young certain property charged with a
payment of 131. 4^. a year to God and
B. Mary of the church of Preston for a
priest celebrating there for the souls of
John Young and Maud his wife ; Kuer-
den MSS. iv, P 121. Again in 1456 John
Inglesle of Preston gave two small rent-
charges (is. in all) to the wardens (frc-
curatoribus) of B. Mary the Virgin of the
church of St. Wilfrid of Preston for the
souls of himself and Joan his consort ;
ibid. no. 73.

In 1470 Margaret widow of Sir Richard
Hoghton gave burgages on the east side
of Friargate towards paying the priest
before St. Mary's altar ; ibid. no. 37.

Ralph Hoghton son of Margaret, in
accordance with her intention, gave a
charge of izd. for the priest singing
'daily afore our Lady,' the whole tene-
ment to be so devoted after his wife's
death ; ibid. no. 94.

Another deed attributes the endow-
ment in part to Richard Whalley, whose
son William, a chaplain, was to hold cer-
tain lands for life. After his death they
were to remain to Henry Hoghton and
other trustees and to the mayor and bur-
gesses to maintain a chaplain to celebrate
daily (or at least thrice a week) before
the image of the B. V. Mary at her altar
in Preston Parish Church; Add. MS.
32106, no. 848.

The mayor, in defending a suit brought
by Roger Levens, the chantry priest, about
1522 stated that this chantry had been
founded by the corporation about 1440
for ' a priest continually to sing and pray
for the souls of the said persons, and for
the prosperity and welfare of the mayor
and burgesses and other inhabitants of
the town, within the church of Preston ;
and every priest so appointed should keep
a free school within the said town to
teach the scholars there ' ; Smith, op. cit.
232 (from Duchy of Lane. Plead.
Hen. VIII, i, N.D. L 6). It appears that
Levens' predecessor was named George
Hale, and had died in 1518. Roger
Levens was in 1519 admitted to the pos-
session of copyhold lands in Walton-le-
Dale belonging to this chantry ; Kuerden
MSS. iv, P 120, no. 53.

Again in 1527 the mayor and burgesses
were returned as patrons of our Lady's
chantry, of which Henry Coventry was
chaplain, having held the post about four

endowment, derived from burgages and lands in
Preston and Fishwick, was only 3 zs. ^d. a year. 235

A school can be traced back to the 1 4th century. 236
Its connexion with a chantry threatened its exis-
tence, 237 but it seems to have been preserved by the
corporation, and under their care has developed to its
present standing. 238

The principal charities 239 are
CHARITIES those for education, 240 medical 241 and
religious purposes 242 ; but there are
in addition a considerable number of smaller benefac-
tions for the benefit of the poor by gifts of money,
food, clothing, apprentices' fees, and other ways. None
of them appear to be intended for the whole parish ;
some are restricted to the borough of Preston, and
others to particular townships or groups. 243

Catherine Pennington in 1871 left ^1,000 for the
benefit of poor women in the town and neighbour-
hood of Preston, to be distributed by the wardens of
Church of England parishes. The total income is
29 zs. $d., and it is distributed according to the
founder's wish. 244 Margaret Becconsall in 1872 left
money to the New Jerusalem Church, one-seventh

PRESTON

being for poor members ot the congregation ;
7 9/. 6d. is distributed accordingly among from five
to nine persons. William Edmundson in 1735 left
$o to buy bread for the prisoners at Lancaster and
Preston ; half the income, 6 los. %d., is given to
assist prisoners discharged from Preston Gaol, usually
by gifts of clothing or travelling expenses. Mary
Cross in 1889 gave 600, now producing ij 14*.
a year, for the poor of the borough ; the income is
distributed in small money doles. The benefits of
the Harris Orphanage in Fulwood are available for
children whose parents reside within eight miles of
Preston Town Hall. This includes the whole parish
of Preston and large parts of the adjacent parishes. 248
For the township of Preston several apprenticing
charities have been absorbed into the grammar school
endowments, 246 but the combined gifts of Dorothy
Cosney (1678) 247 and John Dawson (1698) are now
applicable in part for apprenticing and in part for
medical relief, nursing, &C. 248 Some gifts, amounting
to 14. 14.;. Afd.y have been combined with the
mayor's dole. 249 The almshouses have been pulled
down, 250 the bread money has ceased, 251 and some

years ; Duchy of Lane. Rentals, bdle. 5,
no. 15. Nicholas Banaster was the
incumbent in 1535 ; Valor Eccl, v, 263.
The revenue was 61 s.

835 The chantry lands were in 1556
granted by Mary to the Savoy Hospital,
which she revived ; Anderton D. (Mr.
Stonor).

286 In a disturbance at St. Mary Mag-
dalene's Chapel in May 1358 John the
Clerk of Broughton, master of the schools
of Preston, was among those incriminated ;
Assize R. 439, m. z,

Raines (Chantries, 206) quotes from
the registers of the Archdeacon of Rich-
mond the appointment of Richard Mar-
shall in 1399 to the grammar schools at
P-reston. Marshall was enrolled as a
burgess in 1415 ; Preston Guild R. 9.

287 The story is given in Fishwick's
Preston, 204-12.

Peter Carter, the schoolmaster who
died in 1590, was author of Annotations
on Seton's Logic ; see Diet. Nat. Biog.

238 See article on ' Schools,' V.C.H.
Lanes, ii, 569, and End. Char. Rep. Pres-
ton, 1905.

839 An official inquiry was made in
Oct. 1904, and the report, published in
1905, includes a reprint of that of 1824.
Some earlier charities are recorded by
Bishop Gastrell, Notitia, ii, 465.

240 The Grammar School, Blue School,
and Harris Institute and Free Library
are the principal of these.

241 The Royal Infirmary has an endow-
ment of 2,148 a year; the Industrial
Institute for the Blind has about 300.
Mary Cross's gift for poor deaf and dumb
children, founded in 1899, produces an
income of 31.

242 The Blue School, founded by Roger
Sudell in 1702 in a cottage in Minspit
Weind, off Fishergate, is now absorbed
in the schools attached to the parish
church. The founder desired the vicar
' to appoint a sober and religious person
for a catechist, of the communion of the
Church of England, to catechize and
teach in the said school the poorest chil-
dren of Preston and of the parish of
Preston, gratis, the true fear and worship
of God, and to teach them to read Eng-
lish, that they might be better enabled to
attain to holiness.'

Maria Holland in 18737 gave a capi-
tal fund of nearly 20,000 to found St.
Joseph's Orphanage for destitute female
children and for other charitable pur-
poses, of which 1,106 was devoted to
an institution for the sick poor, providing
an endowment of 38 131. ^d.

There are various smaller endowments
for religious purposes.

148 The details here given are taken
from the report of 1905.

144 A smaller gift of the same kind
was made by William Cooton in 1876,
by which 40 came to the poor of St.
Saviour's, Preston. The interest (281.)
is distributed by the vicar in small doles
of money and provisions.

845 End. Char. Rep. Lane. 1902.

246 George Rogerson in 1619 charged
his lands in Broughton with 13 a year,
payable 9 to the mayor of Preston for
apprenticing and 4 to the mayor of Lan-
caster for the prisoners there. Henry
Banister in 1625 left sums including 200
towards the apprenticing of poor children
of Preston ; this is now represented by the
moiety of a rent-charge of i 6. Thomas
Winckley in 1710 left 50 for appren-
ticing. Henry Rishton and Eleanor his
wife in 1738 gave 300 for the poor, of
which half the interest was for appren-
ticing poor children. These sums with
various accumulations are intact ; but, as
applications for apprentice fees ceased, no
grants having been made since 1855, the
gross income (about 55) is applied to
scholarships at the grammar school.

247 Her main gift was 100 for
'twelve pious men or widows,' but she
added 6, the interest whereof was to be
spent in entertaining the trustees at the
' Hind ' or elsewhere. The Hind Inn
is mentioned by John Taylor the ' Water
Poet' in 1618.

248 His gift was 100 for the poor and
for apprenticing in alternate years.

The combined charity, represented by
a rent-charge of 10 los. on the 'Three
Legs of Man ' in Preston, with accumula-
tions of 289, is administered under a
scheme of the Charity Commissioners
made in 1 904. The gross income is
18 i2j. 4-d., of which 8 is for
nursing, subscriptions to dispensaries,
supply of clothes, &c., and the residue

8 9

primarily for apprenticing, and then
(should there be any balance) for outfit on
entering a trade, or on passage money or
outfit of emigrants.

J49 Henrietta Rigby in 1741 left 100
to the vicar and the mayor for the benefit
of six poor widows, housekeepers in
Preston. The capital is held by the
corporation ; z a year is distributed by
the mayor to three poor widows, and z
likewise by the vicar.

William Rishton in 1729 left 100 to
the mayor and aldermen, the interest to
be given to the poor at Christmas. This
is preserved, the mayor distributing 4
in doles of is. each.

Thomas Hogkinson in 1697 be-
queathed 50 for the poor, and in respect
of it 2 is distributed by the mayor at
Christmas in doles of is, to zs. 6d.

Elizabeth Parker in 1757, acting
according to the desire of her father
Joseph Chorley, gave a rent-charge of 4
on land at Claughton (as the interest of
100), half to go to the poor of Preston.
This z is now distributed by the mayor
in gifts of zs. 6d. each.

A moiety of the gift of Henry and
Eleanor Rishton, already named, has
recently been administered by the mayor ;
but this appears to be an irregularity.
The amount is 4 141. 4</.

250 Bartholomew Worthington, a bene-
factor of the grammar school, in 1663
directed his wife to build a small alms-
house on the waste near Fishergate bars.
It was built, but there was no endowment,
and, on its falling into decay, the materials
were sold, and the money, with an
addition, applied to build an almshouse
at the east end of the town. Here there
had been a range of almshouses, of un-
known origin, managed by the corpora-
tion, which in 1790 were replaced by six
houses, Worthington's being a seventh.
The corporation nominated the inmates.
There were three other almshouses occu-
pied by poor persons put in by the mayor.
The almshouses were sold in 1835, the
corporation being under no known obli-
gation to maintain them.

351 It was a sum of 301. a year paid
out of the Blue Coat charity fund for
bread for the poor on Sacrament days
It ceased about 1812.

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

charities have been lost. 252 There remain, however,
a number of others, so that over 30 a year is given
in money doles, 253 the gifts of bread having ceased.

The township of Barton has a poor's stock of
unknown origin, represented by 78 5/. 8</. consols.
The interest, 39.;., is divided between poor persons in
the township. In 1904 there were only two, both
imbeciles. Miss Mary Cross of Myerscough in 1889
gave 200 for the poor, and the income is divided
as the preceding charity.

William Daniel of Broughton in 1656 gave land
there to trustees, charging it with 2Os. for the main-
tenance of a grammar school in the township, or in
default for the repair of the church and church
bridges. His widow added 20, and the trustees
were able to purchase the land for the poor. In
1734, after the payment of 2Os. as directed, the rent
was applicable to the purchase of white kersey for
coats for the poor, 254 for binding apprentices, buying
Bibles or other orthodox books, a preference being
had to widows, householders and dwellers in Broughton
Row. The charity is still known as the Petticoat
Charity, though for a long time only money has been
given. The land now produces ij a year gross ;
1 is paid to the school, and the rest in sums from
5/. to 4 among the aged poor of Broughton, being
Protestants. The fourth part of Thomas Houghton's
charity, already described, is distributed in sums of
money varying from 2s. 6d. to 2$s. A small rent of
is. 6d. from Almond's Croft has been lost, the place
not being known now. Miss Damaris Dixon in 1 895
bequeathed 1,000 for the benefice of Broughton,
1,000 for the benefit of the poor, and $o for the
repair of her grave in the churchyard there. The money
for the poor, producing 30 a. year, is given to the
sick, partly in money, partly by paying doctors' bills.

The township of Grimsargh has a share in that
fourth part of Thomas Houghton's charity which is
due to Preston. By custom a third of the Preston
share is given, and the money, 26s. %d. in 1903, is
distributed on St. Thomas's Day in money doles.
John Charnley in 1737 charged his land at Pen-
wortham with various sums, including 2Os. yearly for
the poor of Grimsargh. In 1824 the land 255 was
owned by the representatives of one Henry Dawson,

who died in 1823, and the money was distributed by
the constable of the township to poor housekeepers.
The payment was discontinued in 1 88 1, no reason
being assigned. A charge of 3 15^. a year for the
use of the poor of Brockholes existed as early as 1650.
The lands charged, known as the Boylton estate,
were purchased by William Cross in 1808. The
charge has been commuted and the capital is repre-
sented by 125 6s. consols, now yielding 3 2s. Id.
a year. This is allowed to accumulate, as there are
no poor persons in the hamlet.

The townships of Elston and Ribbleton benefit
equally by the charity founded by John Farington in
1670. He gave his tenement in Elston to bind
children apprentices or to benefit the poor in other
ways. As early as 1824 there were no cottagers in
Elston, all the poor belonging to it residing elsewhere,
and from two to eight persons sharing the interest.
At Ribbleton the rents of a number of poor persons
were paid and other help given. At the present time
the land gives a rent of 78, and accumulations of
over 10,000 are invested in consols. Of the total
income, 145 ijs. \d. is spent on education, and
193 8j. 5</. is applicable for the benefit of the poor
in various ways in accordance with an order of the
Charity Commissioners in iSgo. 256 For Elston the
charity is scarcely required : for Ribbleton there is
more demand, chiefly for gifts of clothes, food, fuel,
and aid in sickness. Elston by itself receives a third
part of the fourth share of Thomas Houghton's
charity appropriated to Elston and Alston ; the
i 6s. Sd. received in 1903 was given to Grimsargh.
Ribbleton by itself had two charities : the Luck Field
in Brockholes and a rent-charge of 5 los. out of an
estate in Elston known as Willacy's Tenement. The
former, 257 augmented by a share of Ribbleto i Moor,
on inclosure in 1870, was sold in 1873 and the price
(345) invested in consols, and, as no distribution
was made, the capital increased to 608 by 1892,
when a scheme was made similar to that for the
Farington gift. The income is 19 3/. 4</., but only
a small part is used. The rent-charge, commuted,
with accumulations was in 1869 invested in 307
consols, and the income, ' not being required in the
township,' continued to accumulate ; but in recent

SM These included zo given by Seth
Bushell, whose memorial brass has been
mentioned, and other sums amounting to
about 290, with rent-charges of 905.
All had been 'lost' before 1824. It is
possible that they had been used to build
the above-mentioned almshouses and to
found ' Brown's Charity.' The bene-
factions were for the poor, for distribu-
tions of bread, and ' for buying Bibles
and Testaments for the poorer sort of
boys who should be taught at the grammar
school.'

258 Thomas Addison in 1729 charged
land called Davil Meadows, near Preston
Marsh, with a rent of 5 for twenty poor
housekeepers. About 1820 the land be-
longed to John Grimshaw, and in 1904 to
T. Coulthard and Co. The rent-charge
is still paid. Thomas Houghton in 1649
gave land in Woodplumpton, now known
as Houghton House Farm, for the poor of
various townships ; the gross rent paid is
,67, the share of Preston being about
2 13*. 4-J. Mrs. Smith in 1710 gave
^10 to found a bread charity, and the
money was (with other funds) invested

in land in Whittingham ; the share of
the income due to the Smith charity is
2 41. 4<f. These three charities are ad-
ministered together. Till recently bread
or tickets for bread were given on St.
Thomas's Day to poor persons, members
of the Church of England ; but money is
now given instead.

What is known as Brown's charity is
the result of various gifts of ancient and
unknown origin, represented by a share
(now 5) of the rent of land in Kirkham,
distributed by the vicar of Preston in
Christmas doles of zs. 6d. each to poor
widows.

Thomas Crooke in 1688 charged lands
called Shaw, in Alston, with various
sums, including 4 for the poor of
Preston, to be distributed on Shrove
Tuesday. Richard Hoghton in 1613
gave land called Woodcrook in Whitting-
ham for charities, including 15$. payable
every Good Friday at the font stone
within the parish church of Preston.
The whole rent of this land is given, and
one fourth is paid to Preston. The
amount, z igs. n.A, is distributed with

Crooke's, to poor persons belonging to
the Church of England, in money doles.

Anne Oliver in 1825 bequeathed 300
for the benefit of the poor, to be dis-
tributed by the incumbent of St. George's.
The income is now ,6 1 5*. %d., and is
distributed by the vicar, partly at Christ-
mas time and partly during the year, in
money doles.

Anne widow of Nicholas Winckley in
1779 gave 100 for the benefit of poor
widows. The interest, z izs. 4^., is
divided equally among poor widows of
the ecclesiastical parishes of St. Saviour,
Holy Trinity and St. Matthew.

254 The trustees were to have ' a par-
ticular respect to those who should be
most sober, honest and industrious, and
frequenters of the Protestant churches.'

255 It is called Crabby Nook.

256 The money may be applied in sub-
scriptions to hospitals, &c., provident
societies, paying nurses, or providing cost
of outfit, emigrants' passage-money,
clothes, tools, &c., money gifts, or in
other ways.

257 The origin of it is unknown.

years small weekly gifts of groceries, &c., in the
nature of pensions have been given. The capital is
now 6 1 8, producing about 14 6s. a year.

Edmund Robert Harris of Ashton in 1876 left
j5oo to provide a fund for gifts of clothing, bedding,
&c., to the poor of Ashton, Lea, Ingol and Cottam
on St. Thomas's Day yearly. The income is i$,
which is now usually given in money doles.

PRESTON
Prestune, Dom. Bk. ; Preston, 1 1 69

Prestone,

1292.

Approached from the south, Preston, in spite of
its factory chimneys, has a pleasing appearance, as
across the broad stream of the Ribble, which forms
the foreground, two well-planted public parks occupy
the ascending bank at the other side. The town
hall, which has a lofty clock-tower, 1 is about half a
mile north of the river, and from it the principal
thoroughfare of the town, the wide street called
Fishergate, goes west to the railway station, and then
turning to the south-west descends to the river-
side, 1 and bending south 3 along the Ribble reaches
Penwortham Bridge. The continuation of Fishergate
east from the town hall is called Church Street, 4 the
parish church standing on its south side ; after a short
time it divides into three main branches to the
south-east and south as Stanley Street 5 and London
Road, crossing Fishwick to reach Ribble Bridge, the
main road southward ; to the east, as Ribbleton
Lane, to Ribchester ; and to the north as Deepdale
Road, in which stands the Infirmary. East from
Stanley Street begins New Hall Lane, which goes
past the cemetery and is continued as the Blackburn
Road. On the north side of the town hall is the
open market place, around which may be seen the
Harris Free Library, the new sessions house, 6 com-
pleted in 1903, and the post-office, opened in the
same year. 7 An obelisk in the square commemorates
the local men who fell in the Boer War. From this
square Friargate leads north-west for about a quarter
of a mile, when it divides ; Moor Lane leads north,
past Moor Park and then across Fulwood to Garstang
and Lancaster, while the Fylde road goes west to
Kirkham. From Fishergate Lune Street goes north

1 The building was designed by Sir
G. G. Scott. The spire is 150 ft. high.
1 Here it is called Fishergate Hill.

3 Here called Broadgate.

4 Anciently Kirkgate.

5 Formerly Finkale Street.

8 It has a tower 179 ft. high. The
county records are preserved in this build-
ing, having been collected from different
repositories. The borough sessions house
is near.

7 For the development of the local
post office see Hewitson, Preston, 336-41.

8 The area of the county borough, ac-
cording to the Census Report of 1901, is
3,971 acres. It is that of the old town-
ship, together with the whole of Fish-
wick, large parts of Ashton and Ribble-
ton, and bits of Grimsargh and Pen-
wortham ; these were all united into one
township or civil parish in 1894.; Loc.
Govt. Bd. Order 31607. The 3,971
acres include 79 of inland water ; there
are besides 85 acres of tidal water and
14 of foreshore.

9 The population of the larger area of
the county borough was 112,989.

10 The station was on the site of the
existing one. These details are derived
chiefly from A. Hewitson, op. cit. 199,
&c.

11 The station was on the north side
of Fishergate, but was soon afterwards
connected with the station on the south
side, the line being thus made con-
tinuous.

12 The Blackburn terminui occupies
its original position.

18 The Southport (West Lancashire)
line had its terminus in Fishergate Hill.

14 The terminus was in Maudlands.

1& Foot passengers can also cross the
Ribble by the East Lancashire railway
bridge, that to Blackburn, by a side walk.
This bridge had fifty-seven arches in all,
mostly south of the river, but nearly all
have now been covered by an embank-
ment.

16 St. Stephen's cross is named in un-
dated deeds ; Add. MS. 32106, no. 1486,
1543, fol. 308, &c. Fishwick cross,
probably on the boundary, is named in
1339 (ibid. no. 1614) and the Butter
cross * 1562; ibid. no. 847. See also

PRESTON

to Friargate, and from Church Street Lancaster Road
and North Road run north to join Moor Lane. On
the south side of Fishergate Chapel Street, passing
Winckley Square, goes down to the two parks by
the Ribble, already mentioned, Avenham Park and
Miller Park. In Winckley Square there is a statue
of Sir Robert Peel, erected in 1852, and in Miller
Park one of the fourteenth Earl of Derby, 1873.
In Avenham Park are two of the Russian guns
captured in the Crimea. Cross Street, in which is
the grammar school, begins on the east side of
Winckley Square ; while lower down Avenham Lane,
an old thoroughfare, leads circuitously from the park,
by Stonygate, to the parish church.

The whole township, which has an area of 2,127
acres, 8 is covered with a network of streets of dwelling-
houses and shops, among which rise the numerous
great cotton-spinning factories and other works which
produce the town's wealth. There was a population
of 101,297 in 1901.'

The different railways had formerly separate termini,
but now all are made to meet at the large station
in Fishergate. The London and North-Western
Company's main line to Scotland is formed of the
Wigan and Preston Railway, opened in l838, 10 and
the Preston and Lancaster Railway, 1840." The
Lancashire and Yorkshire Company's system has
amalgamated the lines joining Preston with Black-
burn, 1 * Bolton, Liverpool and Southport. 13 The two
companies together hold the Wyre Railway M and the
Preston and Longridge line, which latter has a station
in Deepdale Road, its original terminus in 1840.
The Lancaster Canal, first formed in 1798, begins
on the north side of Fishergate, near the railway.

The railways have three bridges across the Ribble ;
there is only one bridge for ordinary traffic, that to
Penwortham, and another for foot passengers, viz.
the old tramway bridge at Avenham Park. 16

Fairs are held annually in the first week of each
year for horses, on 27 March, 25 August and
7 November for cattle and earthenware, and on the
last Friday of March, June and November for cheese.

Though the town has a pleasant aspect and a long
history, its buildings are all modern. The ancient
crosses and wells have gone. 16 In addition to public
buildings there are banks, 17 clubs 18 and theatres.

Lanes, and Ches. Antiq. Soc. xx, 156-62.
The crosses known were the high cross
in the market-place, afterwards replaced
by an obelisk ; a butter cross in Cheap-
side ; a cross near New Street and another
in Friargate, and one on the Moor. Our
Lady's Well was near the Friary. The
butter cross was taken down in 1739 by
order of the corporation, and the
materials used to repair the market-
place, as appears by the records.

17 The Old Bank was opened in 1776 ;
for a long time the Pedder family were
chief proprietors. It failed in 1861.
See Hewitson, op. cit. 238, where is
given a view of the house (c. 1690) in
which business was done.

The Preston Banking Company,
founded in 1844, had its head office in
Fishergate. It has been absorbed by the
London City and Midland Bank. Four
other banks have branch offices.

The Savings Bank was opened in 1816.

18 These include the Conservative Club,
the Reform Club and the Winckley Club.
In 1824 there were two news-rooms, one
in the coffee-house in Church Street and

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

The earliest theatre of which there is any record was
near Fishergate, and described as 'old in 1762.
The present Theatre Royal in Fishergate was built
in 1802 and the Gaiety or Prince's Theatre in
Tithebarn Street in 1882." The old sports of cock-
fighting, bull-baiting, &c., have been suppressed. 20
The old-time punishments of cuckstool, pillory and
stocks have likewise ceased.* 1 Archery used to be
practised on the Spital Moss. M

For more than a century the cotton manufacture
has been the staple industry of Preston. There are,
however, a number of minor ones : breweries, iron
and brass foundries and engineering works, soap
manufactories, and others, including one of the few
in England of gold and silver laces and embroideries.

The total abstinence movement found zealous
propagation in Preston, which is popularly known
as ' the birthplace of Teetotalism ' of the word at
least."

The history of the manor of PRESTON
MANOR is bound up with that of the hundred,
of which it was the head.* 4 Its ancient
assessment was six plough-lands. The lords of
Amounderness and subsequently the lords of the
honour of Lancaster were lords of Preston also, 25 and
though the manor seems once or twice to have been
granted out,* 6 the gift had no permanent result. The
king, therefore, as Duke of Lancaster, became lord of

the manor of Preston, but the corporation, by obtain-
ing a grant of the feudal dues at a fixed rent, became
immediate lords of the manor, which lordship was
finally secured by their purchase of the rent in
1676.

An extent of the manor made in 1244 showed
that if the town had remained in the king's hands it
would have yielded over 20 a year* 7 ; while
another extent a century later showed that in addition
to the fee-farm rent of ^15 paid by the community,
the Earl of Lancaster received only 51^. zd. a year,
derived, it would appear, from tenements which had
escheated to him and been granted out again.* 8

The borough may have been created
BOROUGH by Roger of Poitou, 29 and there is an
allegation that Henry I granted a
charter inn oo, so but this is probably an error. The
first extant charter is one granted in or about 1179
by Henry II conceding to 'his burgesses of Preston'
the borough therefore already .existing all the
liberties and free customs of Newcastle-under-Lyme,
saving the king's right of administering justice. 31
John in 1 1 99 confirmed both his father's charter
and one he had himself granted while Count of
Mortain, adding the whole toll of the wapentake,
and a free fair on 1 5 August lasting for a week ; also
the right of pasture in Fulwood and liberty to take
wood for building on view of the forester. 3 * Henry III

the other adjoining the Town Hall ; the
two, it was then said, connoted ' ancient
and modern Preston ; the coffee room is
the resort of the gentry and men of
leisure, and the Guildhall room affords
its more ample accommodation to com-
mercial gentlemen and tradesmen ' ;
Baines, Lanes. Dir. ii, 499.

19 Hewitson, op. cit. 354.

80 Ibid. 1 1 8. A view of the cock-pit
is given ; it was near the south-west
corner of the parish church.

Horse-races were run on Preston Moor
from 1726 to 1791.

For a Corpus Christi play about 1620
see Lanes, and Ches. Antiq. Notes, ii, 27.
The Easter-egg rolling in 1882 is spoken
of in Pal. Note-bk. ii, 108.

J1 The pillory was last used at Preston
in 1814; Hewitson, Preston, 126. The
stocks, in the churchyard, were in use
till 1825 ; ibid. Ct. Leet Rec. 68.

82 Hewitson, Preston, 126.

23 Ibid. 226-30 ; a facsimile of the
first pledge, I Sept. 1832, is given, with
the signatures of the 'seven men of
Preston,' including that of Joseph Livesey,
the best known of them.

* 4 See the account of Amounderness.

25 Thus in 1292 Edmund, brother
of the king, proved that he was lord of
the manor ; Plac. de Quo Warr. (Rec.
Com.), 388. In 1361 Preston was
among the manors of Blanche daughter
of Henry Duke of Lancaster ; Fine
R. 162, m. 17.

86 Soon after the Conquest the manor
was granted to Warine Busscl, who held
it for a time ; Lanes. Inq. and Extentt
(Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.), i, 35.

Again in 1254-5 the manor of Preston,
probably in Amounderness, was given by
Prince Edward to Master Richard the
Physician ; Pat. 49 Hen. Ill, m. 82.

In 1400 the king granted 10 marks a
year for life out of the profits of the vill
of Preston ; Duchy of Lane. Misc. Bks.
xv, foL 21.

27 Lanes. Inq. and Extents, i, 1 5 8-9 ;

the lands to the ploughing of four ploughs
would yield 6, the fisheries the same,
the markets 3 and the mills jTz,
toll and stallages the same, perquisites
of pleas 135. 4</., meadows and pastures
the same ; escheats in the king's hands
produced 6s. 8d.

To various tallages Preston paid as
follows: 1176-7, aid, 1 6 IQJ. ; 1205,
tallage, 10 4*. ; 1213-15, pleas of the
forest, 2 6s. Sd. ; 1226, 10 os. 6d. ;
1248-9, 12; 1261, 20 135. 4^.;
Farrer, Lanes. Fife R. 35, 202, 251 ;
Lanes. Inq. and Extents, i, 135, &c.

As implied above, escheated lands were
the king's. From a house escheated 2s.
was accounted for in 1184-5 5 Farrer,
op. cit. 54. In 1201 2 Alexander de
Preston recovered a toft of which Roger
de Leicester had disseised him ; ibid. 132.
Again in 1226 the farm of a house which
had been Harvey's (hanged) amounted to
31. 8d. ; Lanes. Inq. and Extents, i, 138.
In 1256-8 escheats in Preston produced
2 is. gd. during eighteen months ; ibid.
i, 222. These were in part held by
Richard le Boteler, who paid js. 6d. a
year in 1258-62 ; ibid. 230.

38 Add. MS. 32103, fol. 147 ; of 1346.
For escheats William Chapman paid
51. 6d. (an increase of is. 6d.) and John
de Ashton ios., in addition to izd. to the
earl (part of the 15 fee-farm rent) and
<)d. to the Prior of Lytham. This latter
tenement had belonged to Adam Buk-
monger, for whom see Final Cone. (Rec.
Soc. Lanes, and Ches.), ii, 15.

The free tenants were : Nicholas de
Preston, holding i acre for which he paid
izd. ; John Marshal and John Bennet,
in right of their wives Ellen and
Christiana, daughters of Richard Marshal
each paying zs. 6d. for half a burgage ;
Robert son of Henry Maggeson, a bur-
gage (once burnt by the Scots), 4*. ;
Nicholas son of Henry Williamson, four
plots of land, by Court Roll, 41. 8</. ;
Thomas de Yomb(er)gh, a messuage
lately belonging to Roger son of John de

Wich, 5*. ; Henry Chapman, a messuage,
ioj. ; Albred son of Robert and Alice his
wife, a toft for life, zs. ; an acre in the
hands of the friars (held in alms) had
formerly paid 4.5. ; it was used for the
channel conveying the water to their
house.

a9 This was the opinion of Miss Bate-
son, who discussed the Custumal of the
town in Engl. Hist. Rev. xv, 496-512.

80 Sir Thomas Walmesley about 1600
certified that he had seen a charter to the
burgesses so dated ; Abram, Memorials
of Preston Guilds, i. The charter of
Henry II may have been dated by him
conjecturally i Hen., for if there was an
earlier one extant it seems unaccountable
that it was not named or included in the
confirmations of the charter of Henry II
by successive kings.

81 Ibid. 2, 3. The charter was given at
Winchester, where the king spent the
Christmas of 1179. The year is not
named in the deed itself, but gathered
from the place and from the names of the
witnesses.

In the Pipe Rolls of 1179-82 it is
recorded that the men of Preston gave
100 marks for the charter ; Farrer, Lanes.
Pipe R. 42, 46. The customs of New-
castle at that date are not known.

82 Abram, op. cit. 3 ; Cal. Rot. Chart.
(Rec. Com.), 26. From the wording of
the confirmation it may be gathered that
the additions of the fair, pasturage, &c.,
had been made by John when Count of
Mortain, 1189-94. The charter is dated
at Le Mans, 18 Oct. 1199.

The burgesses paid 60 marks and four
chaseurs for the grant; Farrer, op. cit. 1 16.
There was a dispute in 1201 as to the
right of gaol ; ibid. 130, 136.

The fairs are mentioned in a charter
of a few years later by which William de
Millom and Avice his wife (see Lanes.
Inq. and Extents, i, 40) gave to Henry son
of William son of Swain the fourth part
of two burgages (in Preston), formerly
tenanted by Norasius and Aldwin, with

AMOUNDERNESS HUNDRED

PRESTON

confirmed all in 1227.** Edward III in 1328 con-
firmed the foregoing acts of his progenitors, adding
liberty of a weekly market on Wednesday and an
annual fair of five days, 27 to 31 October. 34 This
charter was granted five months after the holding of
the first recorded guild merchant, at which it was
expressly stated that ' the king gives the freedom to
the burgesses which are in the guild and to none
other.' 35 The guild is not named in any of the
charters, but may be implied in the ' customs of
Newcastle,' which town certainly had a guild in
the time of Henry III.* 6 The charters here de-
scribed are known by their recital in later confir-
mations ; only one, that of 1199, is preserved at
Preston.

In 1292 the borough was called upon to show its
authority for the rights of lordship exercised, and the
bailiffs and community replied that their liberties
and fair were granted by charter, except gallows and
infangenthef, which were derived from ancient
custom, this latter being also the origin of their

weekly market. 87 The town had a moiety of the
Kibble fihery. 38

The Custumal of Preston in its present form may
date from the charter of I328, 39 but had probably
originated long before and been augmented from
different sources. 40 The need of such a document
had been shown by the proceedings of 1292. The
first clauses, beginning ' Ita quod,' without an intro-
ductory phrase, establish the guild merchant with
exclusive rights of trading, except at the burgesses'
will. It appears that anyone 41 could become a
burgess if he liked ; all that was necessary was for
him to pay I ^d. to the ' prefect ' and then the
' pretors ' would assign him a burgage plot, which
must have a frontage of 1 2 ft. at least, and on which,
should there be no dwelling, he must build one
within forty days. 41 Various clauses regulate the
procedure in market 43 and court 44 ; a burgess was
expected to attend three port-motes in the year, and
must attend each great port-mote. 45 The fines, except
in one or two cases, were not to exceed 1 2<^. 46 ; trial

all appurtenances, white gloves being
payable at Preston fairs ; Lytham D. at
Durham, 3 a, 2 ae, 4 ae, Ebor. no. 3. The
grantee was rector of Whittington, and
his son Henry gave the tenement to
Lytham Priory ; ibid. no. 2.

38 Abram, op. cit. ; dated Westminster,
1 6 Mar. 1226-7.

The same king at Windsor, 29 Oct.
1252, allowed that an appropriation of
324 acres which the burgesses had made
under Fulwood belonged to the borough
and not to the king's wood. The boun-
dary reached to Eves Brook from Ribble-
ton Scales to the point where the brook
fell into the Savock, and then along the
Savock to the old dyke which formed the
boundary between Preston and Tulketh.
Thui the land seems to have been what
was later known as Preston Moor. The
burgesses had liberty to cultivate the land
as they pleased, up to within 40 perches
of the cover of Fulwood, and their old
rights of turbary outside and of fencing
wood within Fulwood were admitted 5
CaL Chart. R. 1226-57, p. 406.

In 1227 a five years' grant of dead wood
from Fulwood for burning had been made
to the men of Preston ; CaL Pat. 1225-32,

p. 112.

84 Abram, op. cit. 4 ; dated Westmin-
ster, 27 Nov. 1328. Four charters were
produced those of Henry II, John, and
Henry III (2). The insfeximus is re-
corded in Chart. R. 2 Edw. Ill, m. i,
no. 6.

35 Abram, op. cit. 8. The first clause
of the Custumal seems to be referred to
'That they [the burgesses] may have a
guild merchant with hanse and other
customs and liberties appertaining to that
guild.'

86 The charter, dated 18 Sept. 1235, is
printed in Farrer, op. cit. 414. It may
have been merely a confirmation of the
liberties referred to in the charter granted
by Henry II to Preston. It allowed a
guild merchant with all its liberties ; the
burgesses might pass through the king's
dominions, trading freely, and quit of
toll, passage, pontage, ulnage, &c., and
themselves have in their borough soc and
sac, toll, infangenthef, and other jurisdic-
tions. Similar liberties for Preston are
recorded in clause 4 of the Custumal.

In 1551 two inhabitants of Preston
complained that they had been compelled

to pay tolls at sundry places in Yorkshire.
For Pontefract it was alleged that the
right to charge dues was earlier than the
exemption claimed ; Duchy of Lane.
Plead. Edw. VI, xxviii, B 2.

y PUc. deQuo Warr. (Rec. Com.), 385.
The charter they alleged was that of King
John (i 199), still extant. They paid 15
a year to the king for their liberties. The
weekly market, nominally held on Wed-
nesday, was actually on Saturday. As the
charter did not specify the liberties, and
as the burgesses were not able to prove
the customs of Newcastle, the town lost
its cause for the moment. The ' gallows '
does not reappear.

88 Ibid. 387. The lord of Penwortham
had the other moiety.

89 The Custumal is printed in Engl.
Hist. Rev. xv, 496-500, with a commen-
tary by Miss Mary Bateson, who divided
the document into forty-eight paragraphs.
She considers that the phrase at the end,
de lege Brctonica, refers to the laws of
Breteuil, on which the statutes of a
number of early English boroughs were
founded ; ibid. 73, 302 see especially
p. 318, where the phrase lex Britannie
occurs. A reduced facsimile of the Cus-
tumal is given in Fishwick's Preston, 1 6.

The date is inferred from the heading
which Randle Holme prefixes to his
transcript ' Libertates Gilde Mcrcatorie
confirmate per Edwardum Regem.'

48 Miss Bateson considers that the first
four paragraphs have come from a royal
charter, and that clause 36 was at one
time the ending. Clause 47 is a sentence
from 32, and 35 seems to be included
in 4.

41 Even a ' native ' who obtained ad-
mission to the guild and remained a year
and a day undisturbed became absolutely
free ; clause 3.

In the phrases ' burgensis de curia '
(no. 18, 20, 22) and 'burgensis de villa'
(no. 32) Miss Bateson sees an opposition,
as if the distinction between out and in-
burgesses had already been fixed. The
' burgensis de curia ' of no. 20 may be an
error for ' pretor de curia.'

42 Clauses 5, 6, 16. A curious pro-
vision was that id. was to be paid to the
pretor's servant for his testimony to the
fact of entry. A disputed title was
settled by the oath of the tenant's 'prepo
situs ' and two neighbours at least,

affirming that he had held it a year and a
day ; no. 7.

A burgess might sell his burgage, but
the next of kin had a right of pre-emp-
tion. If he had only one burgage he
must on selling pay ^d. for liberty to go ;
no. 30.

Nothing is said of an annual rent to
be paid for the burgage, but this was
probably I2d. In an undated charter
William de Euxton granted a burgage in
Preston to Richard the Smith, a rent of
\i.d. being payable to the lord of the fee ;
Towneley MS. OO, no. 1099.

No plot of land is named in the Cus-
tumal as appurtenant to a burgage, but
from charters and inquisitions it may be
inferred that some land was normally
held with a burgage.

In later times it was customary for a
burgess to pay "jd. on ' renewing his free-
dom ' at each guild celebration ; Abram,
op. cit. 65 (quoting Kuerden).

48 Among other by-laws it was ordained
that if a burgess bought anything and gave
an earnest or instalment the seller might
rescind the bargain on repaying double the
earnest ; but should the purchaser have
handled his purchase he might either
retain it or accept 5*. from the seller
instead ; Custumal, no. 12. A stranger
might not share in any bargain with one
of the burgesses ; no. 29.

44 One rule was that if anyone were
taken and convicted for robbery or breach
of trust (injidelitas') the prosecutor should
'do justice ' on him ; no. 19.

45 Clause 10. A burgess was not to
be compelled to go with his lord on a
military expedition unless he could return
home the same day ; no. 43.

46 Clause 9. If one burgess wounded
another and they desired to agree their
friends might impose a penalty of ^.d. for
each thumb-length of wound in a covered
part of the body and %d. for each in an
open place. The assailant must also
make good any money loss due to the
wound and pay the doctor ; no. 21. The
final clause of the by-law seems to mean
that the wounded man should swear upon
his arms that he had been wounded and
was willing to accept the composition
agreed upon. If a burgess should be fined
nd. three times for breach of the assize of
bread and ale, the fourth time he should
pay a heavier fine, or else go to the cuck-

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

by battle, fire or water was allowed. 47 The burgesses
could marry their daughters as they chose, 48 and were
free in the matter of milling and malting 49 ; they
had right to common of pasture 80 and to expenses
when travelling on the town's business. 51

The titles of prefectus (or prepositus) and pretor for
the chief officers are noteworthy, for the terms 'mayor'
and ' bailiff' were already in use in the time of
Edward II." The community held the town of the
king in fee farm," and one clause of the Custumal
ordains that the ' pretor ' of the court should collect
the king's farm at the four terms, and if a burgess
did not pay at the second demand the door of his
house was to be taken off and might not be replaced
till due payment had been made. 54 The reeve had
to account in the farm rent for the goods of a man

who had been found carrying bad money." The
town court was the king's court, 66 and the common
fund seems to have been called the king's purse. 57

In 1314 began a series of grants of pavage to the
mayor and town of Preston for the improvement of
the ways. 68 The charter was confirmed from time
to time, 69 but no change of importance was made till
1566, when Elizabeth, confirming the previous
charters, decreed that the mayor and bailiffs should
be assisted in the government of the town by ' twenty-
four men of the more discreet and worthy men ' of
the borough, who should be called the capital
burgesses and form the Common Council, meeting in
the Tollbooth or Moot Hall. The mayor for the time
being was to be the justiciary, coroner and clerk of
the market. 60

stool (ad c ukestolam) ; no. 31. Should
anyone carrying false money be captured
the 'prepositus' must account for the
money and send the criminal to the king
for punishment ; those who caught him
should have the clothes ; no. 41.

47 Clauses 18, 22. Should there be
wager of battle between a burgess and a
knight the latter must fight in person ;
no. 45.

In 1184-5 a fi ne f 5 marks was levied
by the king because a man had been put
' at the water ' without warrant ; Farrer,
Lana. Pipe R. 55.

48 Clause 23. Succession to property
is regulated by no. 32.

49 Clauses 24, 25.
80 Clause 36.

sl Clause 27.

sa ' Pretors ' occur at Clitheroe also.
Ralph the reeve of Preston occurs about
1 200, together with Roger his son ;
Lanes. Pipe R. 335. Roger, 'pretor' of
Preston, apparently the reeve, attested a
local charter about 1220 ; Kuerden MSS.
iv, C 25*.

Roger reeve of Preston, Ralph his son
and Robert the Clerk of Preston occur
about the same time ; Add. MS. 32106,
no. 378. Baldwin de Preston was reeve
in 1246, and chose the jury of twelve
(including himself) who came from the
borough ; Assize R. 404, m. 1 9^.

There seems to have still been no
'mayor' in 1292, when the bailiff* ap-
pearing for the town were Adam son of
Robert and Robert son of Roger.

To a charter already quoted Roger
Fade, ' then chief bailiff of Preston,' was
a witness ; OO, no. 1099. Local charters
to about 1320 are usually attested by the
two bailiffs of the town ; but in one early
deed Adam brother of Filbard, mayor, and
William and Roger brother of Roger (?),
reeves, were principal witnesses ; ibid.
no. no i. In 1311-12 William son of
Robert the Tailor granted to John del
Wich land in the new field under Ful-
wood, and the witnesses were the mayor,
Robert son of Roger, six bailiffs Adam
de Bury, William son of Nicholas,
William son of Paulin, Henry Banastre,
Roger Salley, Albred son of Adam and
the clerk of Preston, William de Wigan ;
Towneley MS. DD, no. 2198. In the
guild of 1328 the mayor and two bailiffs
are named, and the government at that
time was conducted in the name of the
mayor, bailiffs and burgesses.

The community had a common seal as
early as 1250 ; Cockcrsand Chartul. (Chet.
Soc.), i, 220-1. A seal of 1376 is in
the British Museum (Birch, Catalogue,
no - SB'S); It; hows the Agnus Dei,

statant regardant, with banner flag, and
on the lamb's shoulder a shield bearing
the duchy arms. It is surrounded with
the legend -j- SIGILL* COMVNE BVRGENCIVM
DE PRESTON. The seal of 1415 is the
same, with the addition of three P's

round the lamb, thus: V V- About

the end of the 1 7th century the statant
posture was altered to couchant. The
seals of 1415 and the present time are
shown in Fishwick, op. cit. 36, 37. In
1 349 the king granted a seal for recogni-
zances of debts ; the greater piece was to
remain in charge of the mayor and the
smaller piece with a clerk deputed by the
king ; Cal. Pat. 1 348-50, p. 266. William
Clifton was appointed to be keeper of the
smaller piece in 1423 ; ibid. 1422-9,
p. 101.

The Moot Hall is named in a deed of
1377, by which Thomas de Molyneux of
Cuerdale and Joan his wife gave the
mayor, bailiffs and community of Preston
a small piece of land (12 ft. by 12 ft.) ad-
joining the said hall, at a rent of 6s, ; OO,
no. 1506.

88 This does not seem to be mentioned
in any of the early charters.

The original farm of the town was
9, but in or before 1179 was increased
by 6 ; Farrer, op. cit. 42, 131. In
1 212 the burgesses held three plough-lands
in Preston by a rent of 15 ; Lanes. Inq.
and Extents (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.),
i, 45, 138, 289. The diminution from
the six plough-lands of Domesday Book is
probably accounted for by the separation
of Fulwood and Ribbleton.

64 Clause ii. " Clause 41.

66 ' Curia nostra ' ; no. 9.

57 If a stranger claimed a debt before
the reeve and the debtor would not pay
the 'pretor' paid it out of the king's
purse, and then seized the debtor's
chattels or took possession of his house ;
no. 33.

68 Cal. Pat. 1313-17, p. 1 86. The
tolls which might be levied are printed
in Fishwick, Preston, 25. Other grants
were made in 1328 (for two years) and
in 1333 (for five years) ; Cal. Pat. 1327
30, p. 270 ; 1330-4, p. 408. At a trial
in 1334 it was alleged that the men of
Preston had obtained pavage charters for
five and then for three years, and then,
the town being sufficiently paved, pur-
chased another charter to last for five
years, ' to the great oppression of the
people of those parts.' Nicholas de
Preston and three others appeared for the
community to aver that the additional
paving was required, but the decision was
against them, and they had to pay a fine.

The pavage dues were stated to amount
to 10 marks a year ; Coram Rege R. 297,
Rex m. 21.

In 1337 an inquiry was made as to
the right of pasture in Fulwood ; Lans-
downe MS. 559, fol. 66/366.

The taxation of the ninth of the borough
of Preston in 1340 has been preserved and
supplies forty-four names of persons
taxed ; Subs. R. bdle. 130, no. 15.

In 1341 a commission was appointed
to inquire into a suspected misappropria-
tion of the pavage money raised ; Cal. Pat.
1340-3, p. 313. Another grant of pavage
was made by Duke Henry in 1356 ;
Dep. Keeper's Rep. xxxii, App. 344.

In 1582 Richard Stirrop was admitted
burgess in consideration of his making
the post-holes in the market stead at the
yearly fairs and repairing the causeway
between Barkhouse Hill and the windmill
at the east end of the town ; Abram,
Mem. of the Guilds, 33.

59 By Richard II in 1379, preserved
at Preston 5 see Cal. Pat. 1377-81,
p. 340. By Henry IV in 1401, also at
Preston ; a new clause was inserted,
allowing the burgesses to use any of the
liberties, &c., granted by former charters,
even if they or their predecessors had not
hitherto fully availed themselves of the
same. By Henry V in 1414. By
Henry VI in 1425, now at Preston. By
Philip and Mary in 1557, at Preston.

For the charters of 1401 and 1414 see
also Charter R. 2 Hen. IV, pt. i, no. 8 ;
i Hen. V, pt. iii, no. 3.

60 The charter probably ratified customs
in the government of the town which had
grown up in the course of time. At the
guild of 1500 it was ordained that the
mayor should nominate two ' ancient,
discreet and honest burgesses,' called
elisors, who in turn were to nominate
twenty-four burgesses, not bearing office
in the town, to choose fit persons to be
mayor, bailiff and sub-bailiff ; the mayor,
after his election, chose a second bailiff
and a Serjeant for the mace ; Abram,
Mem. of the Guilds, 23.

In a writ de quo ivarr. issued in 1487
the corporation were called upon to show
by what title they claimed to elect a
mayor. The 15 a year rent to the
Crown is named ; Pal. of Lane. Writs
Proton. 13 Hen. VII. For part of the
reply see Kuerden MSS. iv, P 10 (the
markets).

In 1527 Sir Richard Hoghton made a
lawless attempt to impose on the town
his own nominees as mayor, bailiff and
Serjeant. It was then the custom to
nominate priests as elisors ; Fishwick,
Preston, 38-42, quoting Duchy of Lane.

AMOUNDERNESS HUNDRED

PRESTON

A dispute as to the right of the aulnager for the
county to seal cloths and levy dues in Preston occurred
in 1571, it being contended that the charter ex-
empted the town and that the goods made there, viz.
' narrow white kerseys,' were not included in the
statute. 61 The guild of 1622 endeavoured to protect
the burgesses in another way by keeping ' foreigners '
out of the town, it being found that their living and
trading therein was ' to the great prejudice, loss and
hindrance of the free burgesses.' 62

The records of the court leet have been preserved
from 1653. 63 The ancient fee-farm rent of 1$**
was redeemed by the corporation in 1650 and again
after the Restoration in i6j6. 65 The guild of 1662
distinguished itself by drawing up a code of by-laws
from the records of former guilds and thus providing
for the orderly government of the town. 66 Imme-
diately afterwards a new charter was procured from
Charles II, substantially the same as that of 1566,
but making some further provisions. 67 This was
followed in 1685 by an extended charter, which for
the first time recognized the aldermen, who were to
be seven in number. The mayor was to be assisted
in his office as a justice of the peace by the ex-
mayor, the senior alderman and the recorder. Two

markets were now allowed, on Wednesday and
Saturday, and three fairs, beginning 1 5 August,
27 October and 16 March. 68 No other charter was
obtained till 1828, when, as, owing to the growth
of the town, further justices were needed, it was
provided that all the aldermen should act, also that
the mayor, ex-mayor and senior aldermen should be
coroners. 69

Only seven years afterwards, in 1835, the Municipal
Corporations Act abolished the old constitution and
the first council election of the reformed corporation
was held on 26 December ; the aldermen were chosen
on 3 I December and the mayor on New Year's Day,
1836. The borough, which included the townships
of Preston and Fishwick, was at first divided into six
wards, and the council consisted of the mayor, twelve
aldermen and thirty-six councillors. 70 In consequence
of the growth of the town parts of Ribbleton and
Brockholes on the east and of Ashton on the west
were taken into the municipal borough in 1880 71 and
a further part of Ashton in i888, 72 but the number
of wards, though the areas were readjusted, remained
unchanged until 1900, when the enlarged borough
was divided into twelve wards St. John's, Trinity,
Christ Church and Avenham in the centre or ancient

Pleadings, Hen. VIII, xii, F i ; viii,
W 9 ; vi, W n. Sir Thomas More was
then Chancellor of the duchy ; he rejected
the Hoghton claims and made certain
' ordinances ' for the peace of the town
and the election of mayor ; ibid. 43-4,
quoting Pleadings, vi, W 1 1. Sir Richard
again interfered with the election in
Oct. 1534 ; ibid. 45.

Disputes arose as to the nomination of
both elisors by the mayor, and the charter
of 1566, while confirming the mode of
election of the twenty- four, gave them
the choice of one of the elisors. A three
weeks court for trying causes of debts,
&c. ; the view of frankpledge on the days
' accustomed from ancient times,' the
markets and fairs (with court of pie-
powder), were all expressly ratified by
the charter, to be held by ' the ancient
rent and farm due to the Crown.'

The charter did not allay all the internal
disputes which had been going on respect-
ing the choice of the mayor, who, it will
be seen, had large powers. It gave the
elisors the right to choose an entirely new
body of capital burgesses each year, but
in practice no doubt the same persons
were re-elected, if willing, and in 1598
there is mention of a permanent body of
aldermen, who were eight in number.
It was ordered that ' the whole number
of benchers, commonly called aldermen,'
should stand and remain as they then were
until the next guild merchant, and that
the mayor should be chosen annually from
this body, beginning with the senior
member, and descending yearly according
to seniority ; ibid. 34. This rule was
confirmed by the guild of 1602, which
also decreed that out-burgesses who came
to reside within the town should not be
eligible as mayor or bailiff till they had
resided for seven years ; ibid. 36. In
1642 it was ordered that on an alderman
dying a successor should be appointed
from the members of the common
council ; ibid. 47.

An attempt to disfranchise two bur-
gesses was defeated by their appeal to the
Exchequer Court in or before 1582 ;
Abram, op. cit. 33.

61 Abram, op. cit. 26-8. The decision
seems to have been adverse to the town ;
Lanes, and Ches. Rec. (Rec. Soc. Lanes,
and Ches.), ii, 236,256. An earlier claim
to this immunity was investigated in
1 52 1, when the mayor and burgesses also
claimed all the goods of felons, fugitives,
&c., and view of frankpledge ; Duchy of
Lane. Inq. p.m. v, no. 36.

63 Abram, op. cit. 40. The making
of bricks for sale was likewise forbidden,
o that the ' wastes ' of the town might
not be impaired.

There are other evidences that at that
time the established guilds or trade com-
panies were jealous of the growth of
independent traders. The rules of the
Preston Company of Drapers, Mercers,
Grocers, Salters, Ironmongers and Haber-
dashers of 1628 prohibited the sale by
any 'stranger' of goods belonging to these
trades ; ibid. 412. In 1633 the Society
of Skinners, Whittawers and Glovers in
Preston and other places made a petition
against unlicensed traders ; Cal. S. P. Dom.

1 63 3-4, P- 33-

M The records from 1653 to 1813 are
preserved in three folio volumes at the
Town Hall. An account of them, with
copious extracts, was published in 1905,
Mr. Anthony Hewitson being editor. The
court leet was held twice a year. The
Inquest, sometimes called the court baron,
sat frequently. The Mayor's Court was
held on the Friday before St. Wilfrid's
Day for the election of mayor, bailiff and
Serjeant ; their inauguration was on the
feast itself. The old procedure is related
in Whittle's Preston (1821), 194-206.
The principal matters in the records relate
to the right to carry on a trade and to
pasture cattle on the marsh. The court
leet became extinct in 1835, having long
ceased to be of any utility in the changed
conditions of the town.

'* In 1504-5 the sheriff was directed
to call for 45, the rent due to the king
for three years from the mayor and
bailiffs of Preston ; Kuerden MSS. iv,
P 118.

65 Baines, Lanes, (ed. 1870), ii, 448.
The intermediate surrender of the pur-

chase in 1660, as evidence to the loyalty
of the corporation, is printed in Munch.
Guard. N. and Q. no. 375.

66 Abram, op. cit. 5 1-5. The guild
meeting was continued for six weeks to
allow of the codification. The orders
were classified under the following titles :
The Sabbath ; the oaths ; the town lands,
rents, and other revenues ; the marsh,
mere and town field ; geese on the marsh ;
swine ; brick and digging of sods ; preser-
vation of the common, &c. ; buying and
selling between foreigners and others, and
the tolls, stallages, pickages, lastages and
other customs due for the same ; house-
holders and their duties ; officers ; manner
of holding a council ; weights and measures ;
foreign burgesses ; restraining of foreign
burgesses ; duties of foreign burgesses ;
alehouse-keeping, tippling and victualling ;
bailiffs and other inferior officers ; office
of a Serjeant ; streets and scavengers.

' About 2,200 burgesses were enrolled
at the guild of 1662, of whom something
less than 900 were foreign burgesses.'

67 Ibid. 56-7.

68 Ibid. 68 ; Duchy of Lane. Misc. Bks.
xxiv, 222.

69 Abram, op. cit. 135. A description
of the old-fashioned way of ' beating the
bounds ' at Preston is given in Hewitson's
Preston, 1 2 1. It is included among the
former sports of the place.

70 Abram, loc. cit. ; Act 2*3
Will. IV, cap. 64. The six wards were :
St. John's, south-east from Church Street
to the Ribble, including part of Fishwick ;
Christ Church, to the west ; St. George's,
to the north-west ; St. Peter's, north of
Maudland ; Trinity, the east central part
of the town (including the Town Hall)
to the northern border ; Fishwick, the
eastern suburb of Preston, and the greater
part of Fishwick township. Changes of
area were made in 1881, and St. George's
and Trinity were re-named Maudland and
Park respectively.

71 Under an Improvement Act of 1880,
43 & 44 Viet. cap. 118.

78 Under the Ribble Navigation Act of
1883, 46 & 47 Viet. cap. 115. The
enlargement came into force in 1889.

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

urban area ; Ashton on the west ; Maudland, St.
Peter's, Moor Brook, Park and Deepdale on the
north ; Ribbleton and Fishwick to the east. Each
ward has now an alderman and three councillors, so
that the total membership is unchanged. The town-
ship boundaries were altered in 1894, so that those
of the township or civil parish of Preston coincide
with those of the municipal borough. 73 Preston
became a county borough under the Act of 1888.
As a parliamentary borough it has been known since
I295. 74 By the Reform Act of 1832 the town
continued to return two members, but Fishwick was
added to the borough. No change was made in the
boundary till 1888, when the enlarged municipal
borough, together with the township of Fulwood,
became the parliamentary borough, there being still
two members.

The borough court, a survival of the old manor
courts, is held every third Friday by the recorder, for
the recovery of small debts. The town has also its
police force and court 75 and a quarter sessions court. 76
A county court is held there, as also county quarter
sessions. The county council has its offices and
meetings in Preston, as the most central point for
Lancashire. 77 The Preston Rural District Council
also meets in the town.

An artificial water supply, in addition to the wells,
was begun as early as lyzg 78 ; but an efficient
modern supply was not opened until 1832, when
a private company made a reservoir at Grimsargh.

In 1853 the works were acquired by the town and
fresh reservoirs have continued to be formed according
to the needs of the district supplied. 80

Lamps for lighting the streets on dark nights were
first supplied in 1699, the corporation providing
them. 81 Fr. Dunn, a Jesuit stationed at Preston,
having seen gas used at Stonyhurst, advocated its
introduction in Preston, which was thus the first pro-
vincial town in England to be lighted with gas, in
1 8 1 6. 82 A private company, formed in 1815 and
incorporated in 1839, supplies it. 83 The Electric
Supply Company supplies electric light, with which
the principal streets are lighted.

The first tramways were opened in iS/g 84 and
have been greatly extended. They are now owned
by the town and worked by electricity. The corpora-
tion also supplies electric power.

The grammar school seems always to have been
governed by the corporation ; various other educa-
tional institutions and libraries have now been added.
The Free Library was opened in the Town Hall in
iSyg, 85 but transferred to the Harris Free Public
Library and Museum in igc^. 86 A science and art
school are held in the Harris Institute. 87 The
Victoria Jubilee technical school was opened in
I897. 88

The corporation has carried out the usual works
for sanitary purposes. 89 It has erected a large town
hall, 90 a public hall or corn market 91 and a covered
market. 92 It owns several parks and recreation

73 Loc. Govt. Bd. Order 31607.

74 See above introduction.

75 About 1800 the watchmen were pro-
vided by private subscriptions and a
corporation grant. In 1832 a police
station was opened in Avenham Street,
the force numbering six men. A new
station, with magistrates' court, still
used, was opened in Lancaster Road in
1858. The bench of magistrates was
anciently regulated by the charters, as
already described ; since the passing of
the Municipal Reform Act in 1835 the
justices have been appointed by the
Chancellor of the duchy.

There is also a fire brigade, with
station in Tithebarn Street. In 1271
Thurstan de Holland complained that
one Henry son of Mirre had destroyed
one of his houses at Preston ; but it was
shown that there was a fire in the town,
and Thurstan's house and some others
had been destroyed to check the flames ;
Curia Regis R. 201, m. 7 d.

76 The seneschal, later the recorder, is
named in the charters of 1566 and 1663.
He presides at the three weeks court and
the quarter sessions of the borough.

77 The offices, at the west end of
Fishergate, were opened in 1882. The
chief county officials have their offices in
the building.

The prison, at the east end of Church
Street, was erected in 1789 to replace the
old house of correction in the Friary.
A court-house was built in 1829
adjoining. The new county sessions
house, already mentioned, has replaced
it. The county police offices are part of
the new building, in which is also the
County Hall, used for the meetings of
the county council.

78 The town records mention five
principal wells : Mincepitt, near the
gas company's land ; Market-place,
1654 ; Fishergate, 1666 ; Lady Well,

west of Friargate ; Goose Well, outside
Church Street bars. The old ' cistern '
was built in Avenham in 1729, R.
Abbot, a Quaker, was the maker. See
Hewitson, Ct. Leet Rec. ; Hardwick,
Preston, 445. In 1743 a new cistern
was made at Syke Hill, from which
water was distributed through wooden
pipes; see Hewitson, Preston, 378-80.
7 Priv. Act, 2 & 3 Will. IV, cap. 27.

80 1 6 & 17 Viet. cap. 48. See Hewitson,
op. cit. 381-3. Further large reservoirs
have lately been constructed at Longridge.
The works supply not only the borough
but several adjacent townships, north and
south of the Ribble.

81 Ibid. 267.

83 Hardwick, op. cit. m 5 Gerard,
Stonyhurst, 125. The first works were
in Avenham Lane (Glover Street).

88 Act 55 Geo. Ill, cap. 22 ; 2 & 3 Viet,
cap. 3. Additional gasometers have been
erected in North Street and at Ribbleton
and Walton-le-Dale.

84 Hewitson, Preston, 208-9. An
omnibus service to Fulwood began in
1859, superseded by the tramway in
1879. Other tramway lines, from
Ribbleton through the town to Fisher-
gate Hill and to Ashton, were opened in
1882.

85 Ibid. 287 - 98. The new Harris
Library, built for it between 1882 and
1893, was opened in 1894. Dr. Shepherd's
library (1759) is housed with it. The
Law Library, founded in 1831, is a
private subscription one ; the building is
in Chapel Walks, Fishergate.

86 Ibid. 31214. The museum was at
first (1841) in Cross Street. An
observatory, privately founded, was
acquired by the corporation in 1879 and
anew building erected in 1881 in Deep-
dale Road.

s? The building was erected in 1849
in Avenham Lane as an Institute for the

Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, originally
organized in 1828. Declining in use-
fulness it was re-endowed by the trustees
of E. R. Harris as a Technological and
Science and Art School in 1882;
Hewitson, op. cit. 235, 276.

88 This building, in Corporation Street,
is managed by the council of the In-
stitute, who have acquired the old
buildings of the School for the Blind
(1871), which has been removed to
Fulwood.

89 For example, baths and wash-houses
were opened in 18150 and refuse destruc-
tors in 1887 and 1892.

Formerly there was a public cold water
bath at the western end of the town,
called the Spa Bath. It was closed about
1860; Hewitson, Preston, 242. There
was a spa well there ; ibid. 385.

90 This building was opened in 1867.
See Hewitson, op. cit. 359-66.

91 It was first erected by the corpora-
tion in 1822-4, and after enlargement
was re-opened in 1882. There is accom-
modation for 3,600 auditors It has a
large organ. The corn market is held
there on Saturdays ; at the front are sold
eggs and poultry. The pork market was
formerly held at the rear, but was dis-
continued in 1 88 1 ; Hewitson, op. cit.
254.

93 It is in Lancaster Road, on the site
of the old 'Orchard,' and was built in
1870-5. Fruit and vegetables are sold
there ; Hewitson, op. cit. 308.

In Whittle's Preston (1821), Il6-2O,
is a description of the former markets.
The Old Shambles, a street leading from
the Market Place to Church Street, were
on the east side of the Town Hall. The
Strait Shambles, erected in 1715 by
Thomas Molyneux, went north from
Church Street opposite Avenham Street.
They were pulled down in 1882 to make
room for the Free Library. Separate

9 6

PRESTON : FISHERGATE WITH TOWN HALL IN DISTANCE

PRESTON : HARRIS FREE LIBRARY, MARKET PLACE

AMOUNDERNESS HUNDRED

grounds. 93 The cemetery in Ribbleton was opened
in i855. 94 The corporation has also done much to
improve the navigation of the Kibble and make the
town a useful port. 95

Preston possesses valuable regalia and plate,
including the great mace presented by the Duke of
Hamilton in 1703, a civic sword and the hanap, or
cup and cover, dated l6l5. 96

The corporation built a workhouse in Avenham about
1675 for the unemployed poor, and this was super-
seded in 1788 by a new house on the moor. Under
the Poor Law of 1834 Preston became the head of a
union. A new workhouse at Fulwood was opened in

PRESTON

i868. 97 The infirmary is in Deepdale Road. 98 In
addition the town has various societies and clubs.
There are two daily and four weekly newspapers. 99

In addition to the church and the chantries, the
leper hospital 10 and the Friary, 101 the Knights
Hospitallers, 102 Lytham 103 and Burscough Priories, 104
Whalley, 105 Sawley, 106 and Cockersand Abbeys 107 had
lands in the town. In resisting a claim to certain
burgages and land Robert Abbot of Cockersand
averred that the tenements were of the manor of
Preston, which was of the ancient demesne of the
Crown of England ; the claimant denied this,
saying that the manor was of the honour of

slaughter-house* were erected in 1818
nearSyke Hill. The fish stones were on
the northern side of the market-place ;
they were removed in 1853.

Whittle further states that then the
market days were Wednesday, Friday
and Saturday. A bell was rung at
9 a.m. when the sale of provisions and
fish began ; it was rung again at 10 a.m.
when ' forestallers, hucksters and badgers '
might purchase to sell again ; and at
ii a.m. when the corn trade began.
' The various markets shall now have
their place as to where they are held
according to ancient usage. The cattle
market in Church Street. The goose
and pork market immediately under the
church wall. The country butchers and
others hold their market on the south
side of Church Street.' The market-
place was apportioned to various kinds of
produce. On the south side butter and
poultry ; at the east corn and peas ; in
the centre earthenware, glass and toys ;
to the north, clothiers ; west of the
obelisk, confectionery, hats, boots, cutlery,
small wares. The cheese market and
fruit stalls on the west side of the
square, with vegetables on both sides of
Cheapside, which leads down to Fisher-
gate.

Still earlier arrangements as described
by Dr. Kuerden about 1680 are printed
in Hardwick's Preston, 209. The cattle
market was in Church Street, swine
were sold opposite the church, and sheep
on the west side of the market-place ;
the horse market was in Fishergate.

98 While the town was still quite
small the corporation in 1696-7 obtained
from Alderman Lemon a piece of ground
on Avenham, used as a walk, and thus
secured it for public use. It was planted
with trees, and forms a conspicuous
object in Buck's 'Prospect' of 1728;
Hewitson, op. cit. 320, 236. Thoresby,
the antiquary, who visited the town at
the 1702 guild, described it as 'a very
curious walk and delicate prospect ' ;
Thoresby, Diaries, i, 389-91.

Avenham Park, to the south-west of
it, occupies 27 acres by the Ribble side.
Between 1843 and 1852 the corporation
purchased the land, and formed it into
an attractive pleasure ground in 1861-7 5
work being thus provided for the factory
workers made idle by the American
Civil War ; ibid. 319-22. Miller Park,
1 1 acres, lies further to the west ; the
land was given by Alderman Thomas
Miller, and, after being laid out, was
opened in 1867 ; ibid. 323. Fine views
of the Ribble Valley can be obtained
from these parks.

The moor to the north of the town
was inclosed by the corporation in 1834.
From 1786 to 1833 horse-races had been

run there, in opposition to those favoured
by the Earl of Derby on the adjacent
Fulwood Moor. Racing had taken place
much earlier, an ' intended horse course '
being marked in 1695. A park of no
acres has gradually been formed of the
land inclosed. The Marsh, another part
of the old common land, is used as a
recreation ground ; it measures 22 acres.
Haslam Park was presented to the
town in 1908 by Miss Haslam.

94 Hewitson, op. cit. 249.

95 See the introduction.

96 A full description is given in Trant,
Hist. Soc. (new ser.), xiii, 1-47.

v For the history see Hewitson, Preston,
394-410.

98 A dispensary wag established in
Fishergate in 1809 and a house of re-
covery in Great Shaw Street in 1813.
The latter was removed to ' the Moor ' in
1833. The two institutions are com-
bined in the present infirmary, on the
last-named site, opened in 1870 ; Hewit-
son, op. cit. 284.

99 The earliest newspaper, of no long
continuance, was the Journal, 1744. Of
the existing newspapers the Guardian was
established in 1844 and the Herald in
1855.

The daily papers are the Lancashire
Post and Northern Telegraph ; the weekly
ones the Preston Guardian, Preston Herald
(Wednesday and Saturday), Preston Argus,
and Catholic News.

For a full account of the newspapers
up to 1882 see Hewitson, op. cit.
341-4.

100 The site does not seem to be known
exactly. A charter of 1311-12 describes
a piece of land as situated under this
hospital and extending to Swaghwell
Syke ; Hist. MSS. Com. Rep. iv, 580. This
name is probably the same as the Sewalle
Syke of the Cockersand Chartul. i, 217.
Possibly the well was one known later as
Atherton's Well, near the canal bridge on
Fylde Road ; Hewitson, Preston, 385.
Spital Moss was close by.

Charters of the hospital are in the
Duchy Great Coucher, i, fol. 80, &c.

The history of the hospital is narrated
in the account of the religious houses of
the county. After its confiscation by
Edward VI it was in 1549 granted to
John Doddington and William Ward ;
Pat. 3 Edw. VI, pt. vi. They sold it to
Thomas Fleetwood in 1550, and in 1560
Thomas sold the estate to John Fleet-
wood of Penwortham ; D.in Preston Chron.
12 Oct. 1 86 1. Thomas Fleetwood is
here called ' of Hesketh ' ; he was the
brother of John, who died in possession
in 1590 ; Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. xv,
no. 34.

101 See the account of the religious
houses. Part of the building was granted

to William Breres of Preston and Oliver
Breres of Chorley in 1539-40, and Oliver
was in possession in 1545 ; L. and P.
Hen. VIH, xv, p. 564 ; Ducatus Lane. (Rec.
Com.), i, 178. In 1540 the whole site
was granted to Thomas Holcroft ; Pat. g2
Hen. VIII, fol. iv. The building was
used as a house of correction from about
1640 to 1789 ; Hewitson, Preston,
281.

102 The Hospitallers' lands in Preston
were in 1544-5 given to Richard Crom-
bleholme ; Pat. 36 Hen. VIII, pt. xvii.

103 Lytham charters at Durham, 3 a,
2 ae, 4 ae Ebor. no. 1-5. These are grants
of rents by the heirs of Richard son of
Roger of Woodplumpton.

104 The tenement seems to have been
known as Tinkler House, and a rent of
2s. was derived from it ; Duchy of Lane.
Rentals bdle. 4, no. 7, 8 ; Mins. Accts.
bdle. 136, no. 2198.

105 Richard de Derbyshire gave land in
Jugeler Ridding and in Woodholm (formerly
Robert son of Stephen's) to Stanlaw
Abbey; Whalley Couch. (Chet. Soc.), ii,
465.

106 Richard Rufus (? Russel) gave half of
a toft in Fishergate to Sawley ; Harl. MS.
112, fol. 74. This as a burgage was
afterwards demised by the abbey to Hugh
le Sposage, at a rent of \^d. to the abbot,
izd. to the king (as chief lord) according
to the use and custom of the vill, and %d.
to the heir of Hugh Fitton. By Adam
son of Hugh le Sposage it was granted to
Roger son of Adam son of Suard, by
whom it was surrendered to the abbey ;
ibid.

Russel was an early surname in
Preston; De Banco R. 195, m. 331 ;
248, m. 44.

107 Cockersand Chartul. (Chet. Soc.), i,
216-25 > i y > 1262-3- The lands seem
for the most part to have been acquired
by Master William de Kirkham and
handed over to the canons. The charters
contain a number of details as to the
people and place-names. The latter in-
clude Sicling Moor, Oldfield, Platfordale,
Sewall Syke, Woodholme, Whitacre,
Dustesahe Field and Gildhouse.

Roger son of Robert Woodward in
1326 granted Thomas Banastre and Joan
his wife land held of the Abbot 01
Cockersand and having a kiln-house upon
it ; Towneley MS. OO, no. 1 1 14.

Alice daughter of Adam de Ruffbrd and
widow of Simon released to the canons
her claim in Thimsacre ; Towneley MS.
DD, no. 10.

In 1281 Amy widow of Robert son of
Cecily claimed dower in two messuages,
4 acres of land and a burgage in Preston
against the Abbot of Cockersand, Adam
de Bury and William son of Adam Albin ;
De Banco R. 42, m. 15.

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

Lancaster and an escheat of the king, as he was ready
to verify by the ' book of Domusdey ' and in all
other ways. 108 Many of the gentry of the county

of the corporation j but often no tenure was re-
corded. 109

Of the local families no several took a surname

had burgages and lands in the town. In some cases from the town itself, and Prestons occur constantly
they were stated to hold them of the king, in others in the annals. 111 One of these families recorded a

108 Assize R. 408, m. 8. The plaintiff
was Walter son of Jordan de Kirkham,
brother of Master William de Kirkham,
son of Richard. The abbot alleged
bastardy, but an agreement was come to,
and Walter released all his claim in the
tenement.

109 Of the Crown, mostly in free
burgage :

Isabel widow of John Talbot, 1432;
and John Talbot of Salesbury, 1449 ;
Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Chet. Soc.), ii, 41, 55.

Alexander Hoghton of Hoghton, 1489 ;
Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. iii, no. 66. A
similar statement is made in the later in-
quisitions in the case of this and other
families.

John Singleton of Broughton, 1522 ;
ibid, v, no. 45.

Sir Thomas Boteler of Warrington,
1522 ; ibid, v, no. 13.

Lawrence Starkie, 1532; ibid, ix,
no. 21. One of his daughters married
Humphry Newton ; see note 134.

James Anderton of Euxton, 1552, in
socage ; ibid, ix, no. 14.

James Forshaw of Penwortham, 1563 ;
ibid, xi, no. 41.

Sir Richard Molyneux of Sefton, 1569 ;
ibid, xiii, no. 35.

George Hesketh of Poulton, 1571 ;
ibid, xiii, no. 15.

Richard Greenacres of Worston, 1578 ;
ibid, xiv, no. 16.

Richard Chisnall [see Chisnall], 1587,
3 acres ; ibid, xiv, no. 39.

John Grimshaw of Clayton, 1587 ;
ibid, xiv, no. 53.

Thomas Standish of Duxbury, 1599;
ibid, xvii, no. 54.

Of the Corporation, i.e. the mayor,
bailiffs and burgesses :

John Skillicorne, 1478, four burgages,
by a rent of zs. ; Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Chet.
Soc.), ii, 105.

William Farington of Leyland, 1501 ;
Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. iii, no. 67.

Richard Taylor (see Bretherton and
Longton), 1596 ; ibid, xvii, no. 25.
Another of the name died in 1631, leaving
a son Henry, aged sixteen ; ibid, xxvii,
no. 63.

Robert Hankinson (see Newton with
Scales), 1 604 ; Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Rec. Soc.
Lanes, and Ches.), i, 135 ; ii, 123.

John Stopford of Ulnes Walton ; ibid,
i, 169 ; ii, 72.

George Rogerson, 1620, the Water
Willows, &c. ; ibid, ii, 189.

Thomas Shireburne of Heysham,
1635-6 ; Towneley MS. C 8 13 (Chet.
Lib.), 1083.

William Critchlow of Lea, 1637-8 ;
ibid. 252.

Edward Lussell of Osbaldeston, 1637 ;
Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. xxx, no. 78.

Other tenures :

Robert Singleton of Broughton, 1501 ;
of St. John of Jerusalem by a rent of 3^. ;
ibid, iii, no. 63.

Robert Singleton of Brockholes, 1525 ;
of the heir of Adam de Brockholes, by
three grains of pepper ; ibid, vi, no. 64.

William Moore of Bank Hall, 1602 ;
of Sir Richard Hoghton ; Lanes. Inq. p.m.
(Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.), i, 13.

The unrecorded tenures include those

of Balderston of Balderston, Clifton of
Westby, Harrington of Westleigh, Hesketh
of Rufford, Langton of Walton, Leyland
of Morleys, and Travers of Nateby.

Of the above it may be noticed that
the Moores retained their Preston estate
till 1691 ; Pal. of Lane. Feet of F.
bdle. 226, m. 22.

The Feet of Fines give some particulars
of other families. For instance, in the
1 6th cent., Park, bdle. 12, m. 63, 144,
290 ; Newsham, bdle. 20, m. 63 ; Ark-
wright, bdle. 43, m. 200 ; Forshaw, bdle.
49, m. 77 ; 57, m. 1 60 ; Haighton, bdle.
58, m. 173.

The following persons were recorded
as freeholders in Preston in 1 600 : Henry
Ascroft, Thomas Banastre, Richard
Blundell, Richard Cuerdall; Henry, James,
Richard and William Hodgkinson ; Ed-
mund Lemon, Preston, George Sollom,
Anthony and Thomas Wall, James and
Walton ; Misc. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and
Ches.), i, 233.

110 Kuerden's collections, especially
iv (P) and the folio volume (C, D), con-
tain much relating to the local families.

Numerous Hoghton deeds are in Add.
MS. 32106.

The Guild Rolls also are valuable for
their pedigrees. For the earlier genera-
tions some assistance may be derived from
the witnesses to charters ; e.g. about
1260 there appear Adam brother of
Suard de Preston, Roger and William
his sons ; Add. MS. 32106, no. 451.

111 The following references to the
Plea Rolls, &c., will show that different
families used this surname.

A Gamel son of Gamel was admitted
to the freedom of Preston by a charter of
King John in 1199, confirming one
granted when John was Count of Mor-
tain ; Cal. Rot. Chart. (Rec. Com.), 26.

In 1246 it was recorded that two bur-
gages and 4 acres of land had escheated
to the king. Adam son of Suard held
them at half a mark rent ; Assize R. 404,
m. 19 d. Robert son of Stephen de
Preston unsuccessfully claimed a mes-
suage and 3 acres against various persons ;
ibid. m. 4.

A Henry son of Baldwin de Preston
did fealty on succeeding in 1254;
Excerpta e Rot. Fin. (Rec. Com.), ii, 187.
See also Rot. Lit. Claus. (Rec. Com.), i,
430; Cal. Close, 1279-88, p. 265.

Roger son of Adam de Preston in 1262
acquired a toft, at id. rent, from John de
Balderston and Alice his wife ; Final
Cone, i, 135.

In 1277 Maud widow of Roger son of
Roger de Preston claimed dower in
Preston against Robert son of Adam,
Roger son of Belota, Paulin de Preston,
and others ; De Banco R. 19, m. 14 d.
Two years later Alice widow of Master
William de Preston claimed a messuage,
&c., against William son of Master
William, and land against Nicholas son
of Roger de Preston and Alice his wife ;
ibid. 29, m. 17 ; 31, m. 9.

Agnes widow of Adam de Hoghton in
1290 claimed dower in houses, bake-
house, &c., in Preston against Alice
widow of Roger son of Adam de Preston ;
ibid. 83, m. 127 d.

9 8

In 1291 Geoffrey son of Roger son of
Adam de Preston and Ellen his wife un-
successfully claimed a messuage and 3 acres
of land in Preston against Maud de
Brockholes, William de Slyne and Eva
his wife. It appeared that Ellen was
daughter of Adam de Brockholes and Eva
daughter of Adam de Preston (who had
enfeoffed her fourteen years, before).
Geoffrey's father Roger is also called 'son
of Avice'j Assize R. 1294, m. 8 d. ;
1299, m. 16. The same Geoffrey and
Ellen sued William the Carpenter of
Preston and Ev his wife ; Assize R. 407,
m. 4 ; 1294, m. 9. In this claim Eva
daughter of Adam the Clerk of Brockholes
was found to have been born out of wed-
lock ; she had an elder brother William ;
Assize R. 408, m. 7, 9, 38 d.

The following belong to the year 1292 :

Robert de Ribbleton and Cecily his wife
claimed the fourth part of a messuage and
toft against Roger son of Anot de Preston
and Ellen his wife ; it was proved that
Ellen was in seisin before she married
Roger ; Assize R. 408, m. 3, 44 d. Roger
son of Avice de Preston was defendant in
another plea ; ibid. m. 36 d.

Robert son of Adam de Preston com-
plained of a trespass by William the Tailor
of Preston ; ibid. m. 3, 17 d. William
the Tailor was non-suited in a claim for
debt against Hugh and Robert sons of
Adam son of Philip de Preston ; ibid,
m. 3 2. Robert son of Adam son of Siward
held the moiety of a messuage claimed by
Agnes wife of William de la Launde, on
the ground that her mother Maud (sister
of Alice daughter of Ivette) had held it ;
ibid. m. 34. Robert son of Adam de-
fended his title to land in Preston against
Henry le Pestur and Christiana his wife ;
ibid. m. 32. Robert son of Adam son of
Philip also defended his title against
Richard son of Henry del Wra ; ibid. m.
44 d. Robert son of Adam de Preston
was charged with trespass by Alan son of
Master Thomas de Lancaster and others ;
ibid. m. 103. Robert de Preston was
defendant to a claim by Cecily widow of
Jordan de Claughton ; ibid. m. 54 d.
Robert son of Adam de Preston defended
his claim to certain land (claimed by
Nicholas de Burnhull) by saying that he
had received it from Alan de Catherton ;
ibid. m. 49.

Christiana widow of Henry Mirreson
de Preston cUimed dower in various
tenements against Robert son of Adam
de Preston and Alice widow of Adam,
against Adam son of Richard de Preston
and against Paulin de Preston ; ibid. m.
49 d. She also claimed against William
son of Roger, when Robert son of Roger
de Preston warranted William and by
leave rendeicd dower to the claimant ;
ibid. m. 61. William son of Roger de
Preston claimed a debt from William son
of William; ibid. m. 102. William son
of Roger son of Adam de Preston demised
land to Richard the Teinturer, who
refused to pay the balance of the amount
he promised and was ejected ; ibid. m. 54.
Robert son of Roger son of Adam de
Preston was, together with Alice the
widow of Roger, defendant as to a claim
by William the Lister ; ibid. m. 58.

AMOUNDERNESS HUNDRED

PRESTON

pedigree in 1664,"* another acquired lands in
Ireland, and Sir Robert Preston was in 1478 created
Viscount Gormanston, 113 a peerage still in existence,

though the title was not recognized from the Revolu-
tion until i8oo. lu Among other more ancient families
may be named by way of example those of Banastre

Hugh son of Wimark de Preston and
Margery his wife claimed small plots of
land against William son of Roger Fitz
Award de Preston and Robert son of
Adam son of Ralph the Barker of Pres-
ton ; ibid. m. 7. Albred another son of
Adam son of Ralph was defendant ; ibid,
m. 43. Hugh son of Hugh de Preston
defended his title against William son of
Pain de Preston ; ibid. m. 44 d. William
son of Hugh de Preston had demised a
messuage and lands to Roger son of
Adam de Preston in consideration of
maintenance, but on this failing he
claimed damages against Alice the widow
of Roger and others, and was allowed 721. ;
ibid. m. 99.

The same Alice was defendant to a
claim for money owing put forward by
Paulin de Preston, and Amota widow of
Richard son of Richard son of Malbe de
Preston ; ibid. m. 103. Adam and
William sons of Paulin de Preston had a
dispute about a charter ; ibid. m. 37 d.

Alice daughter of William son of Ralph
de Preston claimed a tenement against
Alice daughter of Alexander de Preston ;
ibid. m. 24. Another Alice daughter of
Ketel de Preston and wife of Simon son
of Amabil de Ribbleton claimed land ;
ibid.

Roger son of Richard le Pestur of
Preston (alias Richard de Preston)
claimed parcels of land against Robert
the Tailor, Richard son of Uctred de
Preston and Avice his wife, Richard de
Aldware and Robert son of Roger de
Preston ; ibid. m. 41. In another claim
the same plaintiff showed the following
pedigree : Award de Preston -s. Roger
-s. Richard -s. Roger (plaintiff). Award
had given a messuage to Henry de Pen-
wortham and Christiana his wife and
they had died without issue ; ibid. m.
65 d.

Adam son of Agnes de Preston, Amery
his wife, Robert son of Beatrice and Alice
his wife claimed a strip of land (looft.
by i ft.) against William son of Roger de
Preston ; ibid. m. 52 d. Ellen widow of
Adam son of Philip de Preston claimed
against Roger son of Adam Russcl of
Preston and Maud his wife, but was
non-suited; ibid. m. 54 d. Maud daughter
of Fulk de Preston was a plaintiff ; ibid,
m. 9 id. Cecily daughter of Hugh
Asellison claimed a tenement against
Geoffrey son of Roger de Preston ; ibid,
m. 58.

In 1301 Robert son of Adam son of
Philip de Preston was sued for dower by
Amery widow of William Aldeware ; De
Banco R. 136, m. 46. William son of
Roger Mirreson had a dispute in 1305
with Henry son of Robert Attownsend
of Preston ; Assize R. 420, m. 8.

Pleadings of 1308-14 show us Albric
and Avice children of Adam son of Ralph
de Preston contending with Ralph son
of Henry son of Ralph ; Assize R. 423,
m. 5 d. ; 424, m. 5. Adam son of Robert
de Preston gave a release to John son
of Robert son of Adam de Preston re-
specting six messuages and various lands ;
Alberic the brother of John and Nicholas
son of William de Preston are named ;
ibid. m. 2 d. Robert son of William son
of Roger de Preston and William son of
Nicholas de Preston were defendants in
other pleas ; ibid. m. I d., 9. Christiana

widow of William son of Roger de Preston
and Robert son of Roger son of Adam
de Preston were concerned in suits of
1324-5 ; Assize R. 426, m. 9.

Other references might be added, but
the above will show how generally the
surname was used. In the following
cases somewhat fuller details than usual
were alleged : In 1323-4 William de
Wigan claimed against Albred son of
Ralph de Preston and Henry son of
Robert Adcockson certain land which
had been given by Benedict the Clerk to
William son of Adam de Preston in free
marriage with Cecily his daughter, and
which should descend to plaintiff as son
and heir of William son and heir of
Cecily; De Banco R. 252, m. H4d.
The Prior of Burscough claimed against
Robert son of John de Preston a tene-
ment granted by Nicholas the Prior
(temp. Henry III) to Robert son of
Adam de Preston by a rent of iBd. ;
ibid. 340, m. 430 d. Richard son of
Adam son of Margery de Preston claimed
an acre against Albred son of Robert son
of Adam de Preston in 1 346 ; ibid.
345, m. I52d.

In 1352 Alice daughter of John (who
married Margaret) son of Albred son of
Adam son of Ralph de Preston claimed
two messuages, 24 acres, &c., against
Adam Skillington and Alice his wife (in
her right), Geoffrey de Hacconsall and
John son of John son of Albred son of
Adam son of Ralph de Preston (who was
to inherit after the death of Alice
Skillington) ; Duchy of Lane. Assize
R. 2, m. 3 d. (Pent.). Margery daughter
and heir of Adam son of William Mirre-
son claimed against Thomas son of
William Mirreson ; ibid. m. i d. (July).
John son of Geoffrey son of Robert son
of Cecily de Preston did not prosecute a
claim put forward in 1355 against Roger
son of Adam son of Margery de Preston ;
ibid. 4, m. 5 d.

John Preston of Preston had a pardon
in 1391 ; Cal. Pat, 1388-92, p. 369.

George Preston, drover, died in 1602
holding of the corporation in free burgage ;
Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and
Ches.), i, 103 (will recited).

111 Dugdale, Vint. (Chet. Soc.), 237 ;
there is a somewhat fuller one in Fish-
wick, op. cit. 222-3. This is perhaps
the family referred to by Kuerden about
1690 in his notice of the former Moly-
neux Square to the north-east of the
market-place : ' Most of which belongs
to that worthy person and purchaser of
the Townend, the ancient estate formerly
belonging to the family of Prestons, but
now in possession of Mr. Rigby, Pater-
noster Row in London' ; Hardwick,
Preston, 210. Townend stood near the
present St. Peter's Church; ibid. zn.
Henry son of Robert Attownend has been
already named in 1305.

Henry Preston, who died in 1549,
married Isabel Argham, widow, and had
for heir a son apparently posthumous.
His principal house was held of the
Hospitallers by a rent of iod., but he
held other lands of the heir of Nicholas
Skillicorn (by i8</. rent), William Stanley
(14^.) and the borough of the vill of
Preston (4-d.) ; Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m.
ix, no. 19 ; x, no. 10. Henry the son,
whose will is recited, died in 1599 told-

ing his father's lands, with the addition
of Arom's house and lands lately acquired
of William Arom, deceased, held of the
mayor and burgesses. William, his son
and heir, was seventeen years old ; ibid,
xviii, no. 45. William died in 1640
holding the same estate and leaving as
heir a son Henry, aged thirty-five ; ibid.
xxix, no. 8. The pedigree states that
Henry died about 1654, leaving a son
William, aged eighteen in 1664. Henry
was a Royalist, and his estate was
sequestered by the Parliament ; Cal. Com.
for Camp, iv, 2822. The arms of Preston
of Preston have the chief gules in
Dugdale's visitation, but its tincture is
sable in the visitation of 1613.

113 An earlier barony of Preston is
said to have been conferred upon the
family, 1360-90. See G.E.C. Complete
Peerage^ iv, 55. The arms of Preston
Viscount Gormanston are Or on a chief
sable three crescents of the field.

114 An outline of the family deeds, as
extant about 1480, is printed in Hist.
MSS. Com. Rep. iv, 574, &c. It is not
possible to compile a clear descent there-
from. The Preston deeds mostly range
from about 1290 to 1350, and refer, it
appears, to two families chiefly, one de-
rived from an Award de Preston -s.
Roger (the Tailor) -s. Robert (the Tailor)
-. Henry -bro. Roger ; and the other
from an Adam de Preston -s. William
-s. Robert. Thus Roger son of Robert
the Tailor of Preston made a grant of
land to William de Preston, burgess
of Drogheda. This family are often
erroneously described as 'lords of Pres-
ton ' ; they were merely burgesses, as
appears from their charters and the Guild
Rolls. In 1397 Christopher son of
Robert de Preston perhaps there were
two of the name was admitted as a
burgess, and Christopher and Robert his
son in 1415 ; Preston Guild R. 2, 5, 7.

The folio wing local names occur in the
deeds : Fishwickgate, Fishergate, Aven-
hamends, Broadlache, Broughton Bridge
(1312), Gerelriding, Ingolriding, Quint-
acre, Pepperfield, Newfield under Fulwood,
Platfordale, Moorplat, the Friars' Garden,
Swaghwell Syke near the Magdalene's
Hospital.

In 1458 Thomas Nelson acquired lands
in Longton and Preston from Robert
Preston of Drogheda, and four years later
Matthew Bolton and Margaret his wife
purchased all or part from Thomas Nelson
and Agnes his wife ; Final Cone, iii, 121,
131.

Isabel widow of James Harrington of
Wolfage in 1518 held lands of the heir
of William de Preston in burgage ; Duchy
of Lane. Inq. p.m. v, no. 2.

Ewan Browne of Ribbleton in 1544
held two burgages in Preston of Lord
Gormanston by a rent of izd. t and George
Browne likewise in 1567; but James
Browne in 1586 held of the mayor, &c.,
in socage and by suit of court ; ibid, vii,
no. 24 ; xi, no. 4 ; xiv, no. 42.

Thomas Skinner in 1577 purchased
Christopher Lord Gormanston's estate in
Preston and district ; Pal. of Lane. Feet
of F. bdle. 39, m. 97. Later deeds re-
garding Skinner's estate were enrolled
in the Common Pleas, Trin. 1599, rot.
15 ; Mich. 1599, rot. 27 ; Trin. 1600,
rot. 9.

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

of Peel Hall, &c., m Blundell, 116 Burnhull, 117 Erghum or Arrom, 118 Fishwick, 119 Hacconsall, 1 " Marshall, 1

115 Thomas son of Thomas Banastre
claimed 3 acres in Preston in 1292
against Simon the Clerk and Margery his
wife, and it was found that one Richard
Banastre had disseised Thomas Banastre
the father ; Assize R. 408, m. 56. Richard
Banastre then was defendant in another
plea ; ibid. m. 101. Also later, in 1306;
De Banco R. 158, m. 115 d. For others
of the family, ibid. 152, m. 215 d.
Nicholas and Hugh sons of Paulin de
Preston claimed land by inheritance in
1305 against Richard Banastre of Pres-
ton, Henry de Kirkstile and others ;
Assize R. 420, m. 8. Henry son of
Richard Banastre of Preston is named in
1313; Cal.Pat. 1313-17. P- 53-

Ellen widow of William de Southworth
in 13234 claimed 20 acres against
Henry Banastre of Preston ; De Banco R.
251, m. n/d. Amery widow of Roger
at Kirkstile claimed dower against Henry
Banastre of Walton and others in 1334 ;
ibid. 300, m. 109 d.

The Banastres of Bretherton had land,
&c., in Preston ; it descended like Bal-
derston, but the tenure is nowhere stated ;
Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Chet. Soc.), i, 16, &c.

In 1465 Richard Banastre of Preston
the younger received from the mayor,
&c., land on Sicling Moor between the
new intake of John Breton and Brome-
field Bank (that had been Henry Banas-
tre' s) ; Kuerden MSS. iv, P 12.

William Banastre and Grace his wife
were defendants in 1494-5 ; Pal. of
Lane. Plea R. 79, m. gd. Lawrence
Banastre of Walton died in 1558 hold ing
a capital messuage in Preston of the mayor
and burgesses in free burgage ; Duchy of
Lane. Inq. p.m. xi, no. 58. Richard
Banastre appears as vendor in 1548 and
later ; he and his wife Isabel in 1570 and
1572 made settlements of messuages and
lands in Preston and Walton ; Pal. of
Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 13, m. 124 ; 27,
m. 148 (water-mill); 32, m. 73; 34,
m. 161.

Among several Banastres at the guilds
of 1562 and 1582 were Richard Banastre
of Peel Hall, with sons Thomas, Law-
rence and George ; Preston Guild R. 20, 32.
See also the Maudlands deeds in Piccope
MSS. (Chet. Lib.), iii, 330-4. Peel Hall
seems to have been near Deepdale Road
station.

116 Collections of the deeds of this
family are in Harl. MS. 2112, fol.
96^/1376 ; 2042, fol. 171. They show
that the estates in Preston and neighbour-
ing townships had been acquired from
various sources.

William son of Adam the White gave
lands to Cockersand Abbey about 1240 ;
Cockersand Chartul. i, 2 1 6. ' White '
may be Blundell. Richard Blundell and
Joan his wife had two burgages in Pres-
ton in 1367; Harl. MS. 2112, fol.
101^/142^. Two years later William son
of Richard Blundell badlands in Cuerden ;
ibid. 100/1/141^. William del Ashes in
1373 complained that Richard Blundell
had been depasturing his land at Preston;
De Banco R. 451, m. 163.

William Rose of Ingol in 1377-8
granted Richard Blundell of Preston land
in Ingol in Ashton formerly belonging to
Robert son of John de Blackburn, and
Richard occurs again the following year ;
Harl. MS. 21 12, fol. 99^/140^, 101^/142^.
In 1387-8 Richard Blundell and John
his son appear; ibid. fol. 98/139. John

married Agnes daughter of John de
Middleton about that time ; Harl. MS.
2042, fol. 171. Agnes was a widow in
1420; Harl. MS. 2112, fol. 98/139.
Richard son of John Blundell made a
feofFment in 1435-6; ibid. In 1454-5
various lands in Preston, Broughton,
Ingol, Brockholes and Lancaster were
granted by the feoffees to John Blundell
(son of Richard son of John) and to
Agnes widow of John Blundell the grand-
father ; ibid. fol. 100^/141^. In the
following year John Blundell and Alice
his wife made a settlement ; ibid. An
assignment of dower was made to Alice
widow of John Blundell in 1493-4; ibid.

The succession is not quite clear. John
seems to have been succeeded by brothers
William and Richard; ibid. In 1511
Alice wife of John Blundell was bound
to stand an award in matters disputed
between her and Richard the brother of
John Blundell; ibid. fol. 98/139. John
Hogson and Elizabeth his wife (daughter
and heir of Richard Blundell) in 1524
gave lands in Preston, Broughton, Haigh-
ton, &c., to Agnes Blundell sister of
Elizabeth ; ibid. fol. 101^/142*. The
heir male seems to have been Richard
son of Robert Blundell, described as
cousin and heir of William Blundell, who
in 1 5 34 gave lands in Preston to Ellen
Blundell, widow ; ibid. fol. 99/140. This
Richard seems to have had a son John,
living in 1546 ; ibid. fol. 100/141. Richard
had also a brother Henry, to whom he
became bound in 1543; ibid. fol. 99^/140/1.
Richard and Henry his brother were both
burgesses of Preston Guild in 1542, and
the latter seems to have been ancestor of
the later Blundells ; Fishwick, Preston,
356. From a fine of 1558 it appears that
Joan daughter of Richard Blundell, de-
ceased, had married Henry Nicholson ;
Pal. of Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 20, m. 73.
The estate was in Preston, Broughton,
Ingol, Brockholes and Lancaster. Henry
Blundell was in possession in 1560 ; ibid,
bdle. 22, m. 93.

Robert Blundell of Ince died in 1615
holding a messuage in Preston of the
king in socage ; Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Rec. Soc.
Lanes, and Ches.), ii, 28.

117 Sir Thurstan de Holland, perhaps
about 1270, granted a burgage in Preston
to Nicholas de Burnhull ; Dods. MS. liii,
fol. 88 b, Roger son of Adam and Henry
son of Mirre, then bailiffs, attested, and
the appended seal is curious as showing
three bulls' heads with a chief vair, and
the legend -|- s : THVRSTANI : DE : HOLAND.
Robert de Burnhull and Beatrice his wife
purchased a messuage in 1352; Final
Cone, ii, 134.

118 The name appears at the end of the
1 4th century among the mayors and clergy
of the parish church. William de Ergham
(Arkholme) was guild mayor in 1397, and
the name, degenerating to Arrom, appears
down to the I7th century. It has been
shown above that Arom House was sold to
the Preston family ; it is said to have been
acquired later by the Pattens, who on the
site erected their great mansion, afterwards
the town residence of the Earls of Derby;
Fishwick, op. cit. 75.

William Arram and Anne his wife had
a messuage, &c., in Preston in 1583 ;
Pal. of Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 45, m. 28.

119 Gilbert de Fishwick held a messuage
and ij acres claimed by Roger son of
Baldwin the Kirkman in 1292 ; Assize

IOO

R. 408, m. 39 d. Maud widow of Hugh
de Preston in 1323-4 claimed dower
against John the Marshal and Hugh de
Fishwick ; De Banco R. 248, m. I2od.
Hugh son of Richard Mabbeson of Fish-
wick was defendant in 1333 ; ibid. 294,
m. 1 86 d. William son of Roger de Fish-
wick of Preston was defendant in 13467;
ibid. 347, m. I58d. ; 352, m. 338 d.
There was a dispute in 1360 concerning
seven messuages, &c., between William
son of William son of Richard de Ribbleton
and others plaintiffs, and John de Fishwick
and Christiana his wife defendants ; Duchy
of Lane. Assize R. 8, m. ii.

In 1420 Thomas son of Nicholas Fish-
wick acquired a messuage from John
Tyrell ; Final Cone, iii, 78.

120 Geoffrey de Hacconsall and Margery
his wife were among the defendants to a
claim for dower brought in 1339 by Mar-
gery widow of Henry son of Robert de
Preston; De Banco R. 279, m. ig2d.
Geoffrey in 1340 obtained land in Wood-
holme from Albred son of Adam son of
Ralph de Preston ; Duchy of Lane. Assize
R. 2, m. iii d. William the son and Mar-
gery the widow of Geoffrey were defen-
dants in 1356, when Simon de Preston
claimed certain land; ibid. 5, m. 26.
This Simon was son of John son of
Robert son of Adam de Preston, and
brother and heir of Robert son and
heir of John ; Assize R. 435, m. 9. A
claim made by Thomas son of Nicholas
Deuias son of Agnes daughter of William
the Smith shows that this William and
Alice his wife had made a grant to William
son of Geoffrey de Hacconsall. Nicholas
Deuias had died at Calais, leaving Thomas
his son under age in 1353 ; ibid. m. 22.
William the Smith was living in 1338 ;
Kuerden fol. MS. fol. 396.

John the grandson of Geoffrey was out-
lawed and hanged for felony at Berwick,
and in 1406 his heir was found to be his
brother Roger. A pedigree is given, but
the tenure of the burgages, &c., is not
recorded ; Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Chet. Soc.), i,
813. In 1411 a charter was enrolled by
which Robert Hacconsall gave William
Dutton a house in Fishergate and a rood
of land annexed to the same and 3 acres
in the moor near the highway to Ribble-
ton ; Dep. Keeper s Rep. xxxiii, App. 10.

121 Richard the Marshal of Preston
complained in 1292 that William son of
Paulin de Preston had detained his wife
Milla in prison for a week ; Assize R.
408, m. 20. William the Marshal was a
defendant in 1302; De Banco R. 144,
m. 319. Alan the Marshal occurs in
1329; ibid. 279, m. I92d. John the
Marshal in 1330 received a messuage
from William son of Adam de Tyrel of
Preston ; Kuerden MSS. ii, fol. 224.
Alexander the Marshal in 1347 obtained
a messuage, &c., from William son of
John de Ashton and Alice his wife ;
Final Cone, ii, 124. In 1352 Cecily
widow of Alexander son of William the
Marshal acquired the fourth part of
certain messuages owned by Roger Starkie
and Maud his wife ; ibid. 134.

John the Marshal and Alice his wife in
1376 obtained 2 acres from John Hunt
and Agnes his wife; ibid. 191. It is
possible that Alice was the widow of ,
Roger de Birewath, about whose lands
inquiry was made in 1394-5, when it
was found that Roger had died without
heir and that his widow had married John

AMOUNDERNESS HUNDRED PRESTON

Leyland." 8 Molyneux of Cuerdale, 183 Pelle, 1 " Wall, 1 ' 6 descending by an heiress to French, Werden, w and

PRESTON of Preston.
Or on a chief gules three
crescents of the field.

B RE RES. Ermine on
a canton azure a falcon
volant or.

KUERDEN. Per bend
sinister or and azure a
griffin iegreant counter-
changed.

WINCKLEY. Per pale
argent and gules an eagle
displayed counter changed.

Walton, with lands also in Fishwick and Ashton," 6 Wich " 8 ; of these the Walls recorded pedigrees in

le Marshal ; Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Chet. Soc.),
i, 56 ; Dep. Keeper's Rep. xl, App. 527.
Roger was living in 1372 ; Kuerden MSS.
ii, fol. 224.

James Marshall was a burgess in
1459 ; Preston Guild R. n. In 1483 he
held lands in Preston in conjunction with
Grace his wife ; the tenure is not stated ;
Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Chet. Soc.), ii, 119-20.

From a fine of 1526 it appears that
George Henryson married Grace daughter
of Lawrence Marshall ; Pal. of Lane.
Feet of F. bdle. ii, m. 168.

122 Roger de Leyland and Maud his
wife in 1307 claimed an acre against
Richard son of Adam Russel ; De Banco
R. 162, m. 198. John son of Thomas
de Leyland was plaintiff in 1344 against
John de Leyland of Preston and others ;
Assize R. 1435, m. 43d, Margaret
widow of John de Leyland and Cecily his
daughter and heir, who had married
Henry son of John de Coppull, appear in
1358 ; Assize R. 438, m. 1 3d. Another
John Leyland and Cecily his wife occur
in 1387 and 1422 ; Final Cone, iii, 30, Si.

123 Ibid, ii, 135, 148. This estate
seems to have been afterwards held by
Lord Mounteagle ; Duchy of Lane. Inq.
p.m. v, no. 64. In 1560, however, his
Preston lands were held as part of the
lordship of Hornby ; ibid, xi, no. I.

124 William Pelle son of Adam in 1303
claimed a messuage and I'J acres against
Ismania Pelle, who had entry by Richard
Pelle, to whom Adam had demised when
(so it was alleged) he was of unsound
mind ; De Banco R. 148, m. 43 ; Assize
R. 420, m. 5.

125 A Thomas Wall occurs in the guild
of 1415 ; Preston Guild R. 7. The
family did not attain any prominence till
the first half of the i6th century, when
two brothers Lawrence and Evan Wall
acquired estates ; Add. MS. 32109, fol.
119. Fines of 1556 and later refer to
their possessions ; Pal. of Lane. Feet of F.
bdle. 17, m. 126 ; 25, m. 183, &c. At
the guild of 1562 Thomas Wall was
mayor, Evan his brother was a seneschal
and Lawrence clerk of the guild, while
Anthony son of William (apparently
deceased) and heir of Evan Wall was
enrolled ; Preston Guild R . 20. See a
subsequent note.

126 In 1 3 1 9-20 Roger son of Henry son
of Waste de Cuerdale granted half a bur-
gage to John son of Geoffrey de Walton ;
Towneley MS. OO, no. 1096. William
de Walton and Alice his wife made a
settlement in 1386 ; Final Cone, iii, 27.

John de Walton, a mercer, was living
in the time of Richard II, and acquired

messuages, &c., in Preston and Ashton ;
Kuerden MSS. ii, fol. 226. He made a
feoffment of his lands in the townships
just named and in Fishwick in 1407 ;
Harl. MS. 2042, fol. 167^. He occurs
again in the time of Henry V and his
widow Agnes in 1419 ; Kuerden MS. ii,
fol. 224. Henry Walton of Marsden in
1437-8 released his right in the family
estates to Richard son of John Walton of
Preston ; ibid. A little later, in 1444-5,
the feoffees gave lands to John Breton and
Agnes his wife apparently the widow
above - named with remainders to
Richard Walton of Preston, &c. ; ibid,
fol. 226.

Various members of the family or
families occur in the pleadings about this
time; Pal. of Lane. Plea R. 8, m. 13,
31^5 9, m. io, 16, 19^. A William
Walton, spicer, and Joan his wife were
living in 1465 ; Kuerden MSS. iv, P 120,
no. 41.

John Highfield (temp. Edw. IV) made
claims against John the son and Isabel
the widow of Richard Preston and against
John the son and Joan the widow of
William Walton ; Pal. of Lane. Plea R.
23, m. 6.

James son of Richard Walton was a
burgess in 1459 ; Preston Guild R. II.
In 1485-6 the feoffees gave to James son
of Richard Walton certain burgages, &c. ;
Kuerden MSS. ii, fol. 227.

James the son of Richard occurs from
1462 onwards, but was dead in 1499,
when his widow Ellen and son James
are named ; Duchy of Lane. Anct. D.
(P.R.O.), L 1059 (the collection contains
other Walton family deeds).

From pleadings of 1528-32 the latter
James appears to have had two sons
Richard and Thomas, the latter settling
at Bermondsey, while Richard was suc-
ceeded by his son James, called 'the
younger,' and his lands were in part the
rectory lands, held on lease from the Dean
and Chapter of the New College of
Leicester by a rent of 13*. 4^. ; Duchy
Plead. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.), ii,
5-8.

The elder and the younger James
Walton were aldermen of the guild of
1542; Preston Guild R. 15. In 1544
James Walton the elder purchased two
messuages or burgages, &c., from John
Stodagh ; Pal. of Lane. Feet of F. bdle.
12, m. 132.

In 1558 Richard son and heir of James
Walton ' the younger ' according to the
Guild Roll gave lands in Preston and
Fishwick to George Walton his brother ;
Kuerden MSS. ii, fol. 227. Grace widow

101

of James Walton and Richard their son
and heir appear in 1564 ; ibid.

Richard Walton died in 1569 holding
certain burgages and a horse-mill of the
queen in socage as of her manor of East
Greenwich ; other burgages and lands, &c.,
in Preston, Fishwick and Ashton of the
queen by a rent of 7*. James, the son
and heir, was only four months old ;
Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. xiii, no. 26.
James Walton died in 1598 holding the
same estate, and leaving a son Richard
ten years old ; ibid, xvii, no. 66. Richard
Walton was an alderman of the guild of
1622, and his sons James and William
were then enrolled ; Preston Guild R.
65-6.

James Walton died in 1635 holding
the estate described ; his son and heir
Richard was only two years old ; Duchy
of Lane. Inq. p.m. xxvii, no. 34. Richard
died the same year, leaving an infant
sister Anne as heir ; ibid, xxviii, no. 63.
Anne afterwards married Edward French.

Besides this main line there were other
branches of the family well known in
Preston.

127 Fishwick, op. cit. 274-6.

James Werden, mercer, died in 1607
holding burgages, &c., in Fishergate, Hep-
greave, Cawsey Meadow and Great
Avenham of the king in free burgage by
id. rent ; Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Rec. Soc.
Lanes, and Ches.), i, 97. He left a son
and heir Edmund, aged twelve. His will
is recited in the inquisition.

128 In 1325-6 William son of Paulin
de Preston claimed land against John son
of Roger del Wich and against John son
of Adam del Wich ; De Banco R. 260,
m. 50. John (perhaps the second of
these) in 1328 purchased a messuage in
Preston from Adam Agnesson and Amery
his wife ; Final Cone, ii, 70. Adam son
of Adam del Wich appears in 1335 and
1348; Towneley MS. OO, no. 1117;
Kuerden MSS. iii, P 7. A Roger son of
John de Wich was in 1339 pardoned for
the death of William son of Nicholas de
Preston. He had broken out of prison at
Lancaster and had abjured the realm ;
Cal. Pat. 133840, p. 337. John del
Wich was a bailiff of Preston in 1347,
and Roger del Wich was mayor in 1366 ;
OO, no. 1105, 1116.

Alice widow of John del Wich re-
covered a messuage, mill, &c., in July
1351 against Roger son of Roger de
Birewath ; Duchy of Lane. Assize R. i,
m. 4. At the same time Roger del Wich
and Ellen daughter of Adam del Wich
were defendants in a Mirreson suit ; ibid.
The messuage of Roger del Wich escheated

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

1 5 67"" and 1664," and Banastre 131 and Blun-
dell 131 in the latter year. In 1613 pedigrees were
recorded by two families named Breres, 133 one of
them holding the old Friary. 1 * 4 In 16645, in
addition to those named, the families of Ashton, 1 "
Chorley, 136 French, 137 Hesketh, 138 Hodgkinson, 139
Johnson, 140 Kuerden, 141 Law, 1 " Legh, 143 Lemon, 144
Mort, 145 Pigot, 146 Shaw ur and Winckley 148 recorded

their pedigrees as ' of Preston.' Other well-known
names appear in the iyth century as Addison, 14 *
Patten, 150 ancestors of the Earls of Derby, 1503 Pedder, 1 "
Sudell 15> and Walmesley. 143 Many of these were
lawyers. In later times others become prominent,
as manufacturers brought wealth to the town and
increased its population. 164

Under the Commonwealth the estates of several of

to the duke for felony, and in 1359 was
regranted to Roger and his heirs at a rent
of 2J. ; Dtp. Keeper's Rep. xxxii, App. 340.
129 Dugdale, Visit. (Chet. Soc.), 49.
Anthony Wall, the grandson and heir of
Evan (already named), terminates the
descent. He acquired Chingle Hall in
Whittingham by his mother, Ann Single-
ton. He died in 1601 holding nine
messuages, a windmill and lands in
Preston (tenure not stated), and lands in
Whittingham and Haighton ; Duchy of
Lane. Inq. p.m. xviii, no. 6. William
his son and heir, then aged eight, died at
Whittingham in 1626, leaving a son
William, eight years of age ; ibid, xxvi,
no. 50.

180 Dugdale, Vhit. (Chet. Soc.), 323.
Their arms are Argent a bend gules
between three boars' heads couped sable
armed argent. For the later descents
see Fishwick, Preston, 241.

In 1664 the Walls of Moor Hall also
recorded a pedigree ; Dugdale, op. cit. 324.
They were descended from the above-
mentioned Lawrence, brother of Evan
Wall. Further descents may be seen in
Fishwick, op. cit. 243-4.

181 Dugdale, Visit. 25. Their arms
were entered as Argent a pair of water-
bougets sable, on a chief of the field three
fleurs de lis of the second. One of the
later members of the family is supposed
to be the ' brave Banastre,' innkeeper,
who entertained ' Drunken Barnaby ' ;
Fishwick, op. cit. 350.

132 Dugdale, op. cit. 40. Blundell of
Preston differenced the arms of Blundell
of Ince by changing their canton into
argent with a squirrel sejant gules.

188 Vhit. (Chet. Soc.), 93, 95. See
also Fishwick, op. cit. 3237.

184 Oliver Breres purchased a messuage
and land in Preston in 1544 from
Humphrey Newton and Etheldreda his
wife, and made a further purchase in
1564 in conjunction with Elizabeth his
wife, from Richard Greenacres ; Pal. of
Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 12, m. 135 ; 26,
m. 58. Oliver Breres and John his son
and heir were at the guild of 1562 ;
Preston Guild R. 20.

Oliver died in 1572, leaving as heir his
above-named son John, then twenty-seven
years of age, and husband of Elizabeth
daughter of William Lister. The site of
the Grey Friars, the church, belfry, ceme-
tery, &c., was held of the queen by
knight's service ; a kiln house, horse-
mill, windmill, &c., were held of the
mayor and burgesses by free burgage ;
there were also lands in Bowland ; Duchy
of Lane. Inq. p.m. xiii, no. 13. Oliver's
widow Cecily was living in 1592 ; Ex-
chequer Dep. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and
Ches.), 7.

In 1608-9 Oliver Breres of Hamerton,
Mary his wife, Thomas his brother and
Bridget his wife conveyed to Roger Langton
of Preston a burgage in the market-place
with ij acres appurtenant, the house of
the Friars Minors or Grey Friars and
lands therewith, with right of turbary in
Penwortham Moss, and a windmill in

Preston ; Piccope MSS. (Chet. Lib.),
xiv, 73. From other deeds (p. 74) it
appears that the burgage referred to was
the Castle Inn. For the Langton family
see the account of Broughton.

185 Dugdale, Visit. 12 ; they were a
branch of the Ashtons of Croston, whose
arms, Argent a cheveron between three
chaplets gules, they differenced with a
crescent.

186 Ibid. 82 ; see also Fishwick, op. cit.
329. They bore the arms of Chorley of
Chorley.

187 Dugdale, Visit. 112. The family
was descended from Matthew French,
rector of North Meols, whose son Edward,
as already stated, married Anne daughter
and heir of James Walton of Preston.
No arms were exemplified.

138 Dugdale, Visit. 137; a branch of
the family of Whitehill in Goosnargh.
They differenced the arms of Hesketh of
Rufford with a canton argent.

189 Ibid. 142. They bore arms Or a
cross quarter-pierced and five cinque-
foils vert. An account of the family,
with pedigree and abstracts of deeds, ap-
peared in the Pal. Note Bk. iv, 163, 188,
221. Among other local names appear
the Rushy heys, the Knoll heys (between
a venella called Ribbleton Lane on the
south and a road called Daykergate on the
west), Rawmoors and Farthing Hill.

Luke Hodgkinson, who had adhered
'to the forces raised against the Parlia-
ment in the first war,' compounded for
his 'delinquency* in 1649. He had a
horse-mill and some land in Preston ;
Royalist Comp. P. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and
Ches.), iii, 231.

Two of the name, Luke and Henry
Hodgkinson, were attainted for taking
part in the rebellion of 1 7 1 5 ; Fishwick,
op. cit. 66 ; Preston Guild R. 169. For a
Lancashire Jesuit named Charles Hodg-
kinson, 1700-70, see Foley, Rec. S. J.
vii, 363.

140 Dugdale, Visit. 164 5 they came
from Welch Whittle and bore arms
Argent a lion passant gules, on a chief or
three acorns vert.

141 Ibid. 167 ; see the account of
Cuerden.

142 Ibid. 178. Their arms were Argent
an eagle double-headed displayed vert.

143 A branch of the family of Legh of
Lyme, whose arms, Gules a cross en-
grailed argent, they differenced with a
canton or ; ibid. 182.

144 Ibid. 184 ; a Walton-le-Dale family.
A continuation of the pedigree may be
seen in Fishwick, op. cit. 234. There is
also printed the inventory of the goods of
Edmund Lemon, 1609, showing the shop
fixtures and household stuff of a prosperous
townsman ; ibid. 226-30. By William
Lemon's will the estates went in 1724 to
his kinsman John Winckley; ibid. 232.
No arms were exemplified in 1664.

145 Dugdale, Visit. 212, where no
arms are given. Adam Mort, mayor,
killed when Preston was captured by
the Parliamentarians in 164.3, ^ as ^ een
mentioned. The family occurs also in

102

Leigh and Hulton. What became of the
Preston branch is not clear ; Fithwick,
op. cit. 323.

From the Royalist Comp. P. (iv, 196-8)
it appears that Adam Mort of Preston was
the third son of Adam Mort of Tyldesley
and in 1622 married Elizabeth daughter
of Seth Bushell of Preston. The younger
Adam had two children (Seth and Janet),
who petitioned the Sequestration Com-
missioners in 1651, Seth's estate having
been 'secured for acts of delinquency
supposed to have been done by him.'

146 Dugdale, Visit. 233. Their arms are
Ermine three lozenges conjoined in fesse
sable, quartering Kay and Parkinson.

147 Ibid. 259 ; they traced their ancestry
to ' William Shaw of Shaw Hall in Ley-
land,' and bore arms Argent a cheveron
ermine and a canton gules. The pedi-
gree is continued to the present date by
Fishwick, op. cit. 341. A junior branch
acquired the manor of Fishwick (q.v.).

148 Dugdale, Visit. 334. See further in
the account of Brockholes.

149 Thomas Addison, haberdasher, and
his three sons were burgesses in 1582 ;
Preston Guild R. 44. Thomas Batty Addi-
son was recorder of the borough till his
death in 1874.

loo William Patten and his two sons were
members of the guild in 1642 ; ibid. 101.

I50a The inheritance passed by an heiress
to the Stanleys of Bickerstaffe and so to
the Earls of Derby ; see the account of
Thornley in Chipping.

151 Richard and Thomas, sons of Thomas
Pcdder, deceased, were burgesses in 1682;
ibid. 173. The Pedders were bankers and
acquired great wealth and many estates in
the neighbourhood, remaining till the bank
stopped payment in 1861.

Abram (Blackburn, 728) gives the descent
thus: Thomas Pedder, d. 1680 -s. Richard,
d. 1726 -s. Richard, d. 1762 -s. Edward,
d. 1818 -s. Edward of Walton-le-Dale,
d. 1835. The last-named had brothers
Thomas and James. James Pedder of
Ashton Lodge died in 1846.

Colonel Charles Denison Pedder served
in the Crimean War ; Hewitson, Preston,
376. 152 Fishwick, op. cit. 3503.

159 The Walmesleys seem to have in-
herited the estate of the Walls of Moor
Hall above-mentioned. A fine was made
in 1739-40 concerning thirty-four mes-
suages, lands, &c., in Preston, Fulwood,
Haighton and other places, the deforciants
being Lawrence Wall and Elizabeth his
wife, Nicholas Walmesley, Elizabeth his
wife and Margaret Wall ; Pal. of Lane.
Feet of F. bdle. 322, m. 1 1 8. Four years
later the same estate appears to have been
divided between Nicholas Walmesley and
Elizabeth his wife on one side and John
Hardman and Margaret his wife on the
other; ibid. bdle. 330, m. 63. From the
pedigree in Fishwick (op. cit. 244) it
would seem that Elizabeth and Margaret
were daughters and co-heirs of James Wall,
elder brother of the Lawrence named.

154 John Cross made a purchase of
lands in 1773 ; Pal. of Lane. Feet of F.
bdle. 400, m. 150.

AMOUNDERNESS HUNDRED

PRESTON

the townsmen were sequestrated for political or
religious reasons, 155 and in 1717 two * Papists '
registered estates in the township. 156

The parish church has been described above.
The population remaining comparatively stationary
no other church was needed in the town till 1724,
when St. George's I57 was built as a chapel of ease at
what was then the western edge of the town. A
parish was attached to it in i844. 158 The building
was encased in stone in 1845, and almost entirely
rebuilt in 1885. After the lapse of nearly a century
a great effort was made to provide additional accom-
modation, and the following churches have been
built -.Holy Trinity 1 8 14-1 5, 159 St. Peter's i822, 160
St. Paul's 1 82 3-5, 161 Christ Church i836-7, 16i St.
James's, built by a newly-formed denomination,
acquired in 1838, rebuilt 1870-8 1, 163 St. Mary's
I836-8, 164 St. Thomas's 1837-9, All Saints'
1 846-8. 166 Somewhat later are : St. Luke's 167 and
St. Saviour's i859, 168 St. Mark's i863, 169 Emmanuel
i87o, 170 St. Stephen's, first opened as a chapel of ease
to Christ Church in 1869, the present church being
erected in i888, 171 St. Matthew's i88o~3, 171 and St.
Jude's i893. 173 There are mission rooms connected
with several of the churches. St. Philip's Protestant
Church was opened in l894~6. 174

Wesleyan Methodism obtained a standing in the
town about I78i, 175 when it is stated that a room in
St. John's Street was used 176 ; in 1787 a small
chapel in Back Lane was erected. 177 The church in
Lune Street succeeded it about i8i7, 178 and was
practically rebuilt in 1862; Wesley Church, North
Road, originated in l839, 179 that at Moor Park in
iS6z, m Marsh Lane in i873, 181 and two others. 18 *
The Primitive Methodists appeared in i8io, 183 their
first meeting-place being in a yard off Friargate ;
then they built a chapel in Lawson Street, which
was in 18367 abandoned for that in Saul Street.
A mission in Deepdale, begun about 1876, resulted
in the present church there. The United Methodist
Free Church 184 has Orchard Chapel, built in 1831
and rebuilt 1862, and Moor Lane, 1873, which has
absorbed the congregation of Parker Street Chapel,
built in 1852.

The Congregationalists date from about ijjz, 1 **
when, probably on account of the Unitarianism of
the old Nonconformist chapel, a place of worship for
the more Evangelical members was opened in Back
Lane. Lady Huntingdon helped the cause, which
struggled on until in 1790 an Independent chapel
was built in Chapel Street 186 ; it was in 1826
removed to Cannon Street. This church was

Notices of the families of Prichard and
Grimshaw are given in Fishwick, op. cit.

335,.353-

160 Some cases have been already named.
The lands of Thomas Shepherd of Preston
were declared forfeit in 1652 and sold ;
Index of Royalists (Index Soc.), 44 ; Cal.
Com. for Comp. iv, 3134. In 1649
Thomas Vavasour compounded for his
'delinquency ' in taking arms against the
Parliament ' in both wars ' ; ibid, iii,
2012. This surname does not occur in
the Guild Rolls. Two-thirds of the estate
of Grace Wilkinson, deceased, had been
sequestered for her recusancy, and a dis-
charge was granted in 1655 ; ibid. T,
3220. She was perhaps the Grace
Wilkinson named in connexion with land
in Whittingham in 1598 ; Ducatus Lane.
(Rec. Com.), iii, 397.

158 Richard Jackson and Anne Hodg-
kinson ; Estcourt and Payne, Engl. Cath.
Non-jurors, 97, 155.

157 Hewitson, Preston, 471-5, where
the monuments are described. One of
the incumbents, Robert Harris, B.D.,
formerly Fellow of Sidney Sussex Coll.,
Camb., held it for the long period of
sixty-four years, from 1797 to 1862.
The vicar of Preston is patron.

Descriptions of this and other modern
churches with lists of incumbents will be
found in Fishwick, op. cit. 153, &c.

158 Land. Gaz. 20 Feb.

159 The site was formerly known as
Patten Field. The money for it was
raised by subscriptions and the sale of
pews. It had at one time the most
influential congregation in the town ;
Hewitson, op. cit. 475-6.

A parish was assigned to it in 1844 ;
Land. Gaz. 20 Feb. The vicar of Preston
presents.

160 The original cost was defrayed from
' the million grant.' The spire was added
in 1852. A tombstone in the graveyard
commemorates Richard Turner (1846) as
' author of the word Teetotal, as applied
to abstinence from intoxicating liquors ' ;
Hewitson, op. cit. 478. The parish was
formed in 1 844 ; Land. Gaas. 20 Feb.
The vicar of Preston is patron.

161 This church also was built from the
parliamentary grant ; Hewitson, op. cit.
478. The parish was formed in 1844;
Land. Gam. 20 Feb. The vicar of Preston
is patron.

162 Hewitson, op. cit. 481. Themission
room in Savoy Street originally belonged
to the Methodists, but was sold by them
in 1880 ; ibid. The patronage is vested
in trustees.

168 The builders styled themselves the
1 Primitive Episcopal Church ' ; they were
unable to pay for it. It was first a
chapel of ease to the parish church, but
consecrated in 1841 for an independent
parish; Hewitson, op. cit. 485-92. The
vicar of Preston presents. The district
was created in 1844 ; Land. Gaz. 20 Feb.

164 Hewitson, op. cit. 485. The patron-
age is vested in trustees.

165 The cost was defrayed by the Hynd-
man fund, and Miss Hyndman's trustees
are patrons ; ibid. 484.

168 The origin of the church is interest-
ing. A number of poor working men
began subscribing for a new church for a
clergyman who, as curate, had endeared
himself to them ; it was therefore called
the 'poor man's church'; ibid. 492.
The patronage is vested in trustees.

167 Ibid. 493. The parish was formed
in 1860; Land. Gass. 3 Aug. Simeon's
Trustees are patrons.

168 Hewitson, op. cit. 495-7. The
church occupies the site of the old Baptist
chapel, 1783. After being purchased in
1859 it was used for service till 1866 and
then pulled down for the erection of the
present church, opened in 1868. The
parish was formed in 1869 ; Land. Gaz.
1 6 Apr. The vicar of St. James's presents.

169 Hewitson, op. cit. 495. The parish
was formed in 1866 ; Land. Gas;. 2 Jan.
The patronage is exercised alternately by
the vicar of Preston and the trustees of
Christ Church.

170 Hewitson, op. cit. 497. The parish
was formed in 1871 ; Land. Gaz. 4 July.
The vicar of Preston presents alternately
with the incumbent of St. Peter's.

171 Hewitson, op. cit. 483. The Bishop
of Manchester collates.

103

172 Ibid. 498. The parish was formed
in 1885. The Bishop of Manchester
collates.

178 Trustees have the patronage at
present, but it will go to the Bishop of
Manchester eventually.

St. Philip's, 1871, and St. Barnabas's,
1872, were school chapels of ease to St.
Thomas's and St. Paul's, but have been
disused for service since St. Jude's was
opened.

174 It was built by those connected with
St. Philip's chapel of ease, who were dis-
satisfied with St. Jude's Church.

175 T ne Methodist preachers first visited
Preston about 1777 ; Hewitson, op. cit.
519.

176 Preston was included in Colne
circuit in 1776, in Blackburn in 1787,
and became head of a circuit in 1799.
Wesley visited the town in 1780, 1781,
1784 and 1790 ; Fishwick, Preston,
170-1.

177 This was afterwards sold and used
as a warehouse ; Hewitson, op. cit. 520.

178 Ibid. 521 ; lists of ministers are
given.

179 Ibid. 526. In 1868 this church
became the head of a second circuit in
Preston.

180 Ibid. 526.

181 Ibid. 525.

182 In St. Mary Street (1865) and
Acregate Lane. There are also some
mission rooms.

188 Ibid. 536. In addition to those
named in the text there was an
iron chapel in Fylde Road from 1879
onwards.

184 Ibid. 534-5. The congregation
which first built Orchard Chapel were
known as Protestant Wesleyan Metho-
dists ; Hardwick, Preston, 483.

185 B. Nightingale, Lanes. Nonconf. i,
21-47. The author, of whose work great
use has been made in the present history,
has since 1888 been minister of Cannon
Street Church.

186 This building was turned into
offices and shops ; it was at the wel
era corner of Chapel Street and Fisher-
gate.

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

enlarged in 1852 and greatly altered in 1887. A
second church was opened in Grimshaw Street in
i8o8, 187 and this was rebuilt in 1859. A third, the
result of a secession from Cannon Street, was built in
Lancaster Road in 1863, a beginning having been
made two years before. 188

The Baptist church in Fishergate has sprung from
a small meeting which can be traced back to i/Sz. 189
A church was formed in the following year, with the
concurrence of the Particular or Calvinistic Baptist
Church in Prescot Street near the Tower of
London. 190 A building was erected in Leeming
Street, now Manchester Road, in I784~5, 191 and
services went on there until about 1856 ; the old
building was sold 192 and the present one in Fisher-
gate was opened in i858. 193 A division in the
congregation had in 1854 led to the foundation of a
church in Pole Street, 194 which had a continuous
history until 1901, about which time the congre-
gation dissolved. The trustees afterwards reopened
the building, known as Carey, the new church being
formed in 1905 or I9o6. 198 The General Baptists
had a mission in the town from 1825 till about
1 840 ; they are thought to have used Vauxhall
Chapel. This building, which had had various
uses, 196 was acquired about 1845 by a body of
Baptists who clung to Calvinistic tenets when the
denomination in general was relinquishing them 197 ;
in 1853 a division led to the building of a small
chapel, called Zoar, in Regent Street, 198 from which
the congregation has migrated to Great Avenham
Street. The Tabernacle, St. George's Road, is
another small Baptist church which has existed for
about thirty years.

The Presbyterian Church of England has a place
of worship in St. Paul's Square, opened in iSyS. 199

The Unitarian church in Preston, as in many
other places, represents the old Nonconforming
congregation, which had a more or less secret
existence from the Act of Uniformity of 1662 till
toleration was granted at the Revolution. 200 The
chapel, near the east end of Church Street, was built
about 1717 by Sir Henry Hoghton of Hoghton.
The doctrine is said to have been Arian or Unitarian
from an early period of its history. 201

The Society of Friends can be traced back to
i68o. 202 Their meeting-house between Friargate
and Back Lane was acquired in 1784 and rebuilt in
1797 and 1847. The district and county meetings
of the Society are held in it. 203 There is a Free
Gospel church dating from i858, 204 and the Salvation
Army has stations. The New Jerusalem Church in
Avenham Road began in i844. 205 The Catholic
Apostolic Church, or Irvingites, after meeting in
various rooms acquired in 1882 a small church in
Regent Street 206 originally built by the Particular
Baptists. 207 Some minor religious efforts failed to
secure a permanent standing. 208 The Mormons also
failed to establish themselves. 209

In spite of the large number of faithful adherents
of Roman Catholicism known to have lived in Preston
during the times of persecution there is here, as
elsewhere, the greatest obscurity in the story of their
worship, 210 though rooms may have been secretly
used for mass even in the town itself, particularly in
the Friargate district. 211 It was here that the first
St. Mary's Chapel was built in 1761. It was
demolished by the mob during the election contest

187 Nightingale, op. cit. i, 48-60. The
first minister, William Manning Walker,
had been the minister of the Unitarian
congregation. Another notable pastor
was Richard Slate, 1826-61, author of a
Life of Oliver Heywood, &c.

188 Nightingale, op. cit. i, 60-66.

189 W. Shaw, Fishergate Baptist Ch.
(Preston, 1883). It is an error to regard
these Baptists as belonging to the
Arminian or General denomination.

190 Some of the Preston Baptists were
members of this congregation, which
dates back to about 1635.

191 The cause appears to have been a
struggling one ; it was ' in a low con-
dition' in 1794 ; Rippon, Reg. 7.

191 St. Saviour's Church stands on the
site of it ; see above. The (Harris)
Institution was used for service pending
the erection of Fishergate Church.

193 The Fishergate congregation was
augmented by a small Scotch Baptist
church formed about 1829. Hardwick
(quoting Baines) calls themSandemanians;
they had a room in Church Street and
from 1845 occupied a small chapel in
Meadow Street.

194 This section acquired a chapel
called St. Mark's, built in 1826 for the
Calvinistic Methodists of Lady Hunting-
don's Connexion, who had previously met
in Cannon Street ; Baines, Lanes. Dir.
1825, ii, 488.

195 This and other information as to the
Baptists is due to the Rev. Dr. Whitley,
minister of the Fishergate Church.

196 It was built originally for the New
Connexion of Methodists about 1814, but
was in 1819 sold to a 'body of semi-
Episcopalians,' and called St. Paul's ; the

service followed the form of the Estab-
lished Church, but the minister was not
ordained ; Baines, op. cit. Afterwards
the Wesleyans had it, then the Baptists
and others.

197 Hardwick (quoting Baines) states
that this congregation sprang up in 1833
and met in Cannon Street.

198 Hardwick, Preston, 482.

199 Hewitson, op. cit. 537.

200 The celebrated Nonconformist, Isaac
Ambrose, formerly vicar, resided in the
town from 1662 till his death in 1664.
There is evidence of other Nonconformists
living and preaching there ; Nightingale,
op. cit. i, 9, 68. In 1689 licences for
two Nonconformist meeting-places were
granted ; Hist. MSS. Com. Rep. xiv, App.
iv, 232.

John Turner, the minister in 1715,
who was ' a Calvinist of the most strict
and rigid form,' actively assisted the
government forces during the Jacobite
occupation of the town, he and his con-
gregation being employed by General
Wills as scouts ; Nightingale, op. cit. i,
II.

301 Hewitson, op. cit. 515-17. Mr.
Nightingale, however, brings evidence to
show that Unitarianism did not prevail
till about 1770 ; op. cit. i, 22-3.

102 A meeting-place was registered in
1689 ; Hist. MSS. Com. Rep. xiv, App. iv,
231. The registers begin in 1660 and
the minutes of the Fylde (now Preston)
monthly meeting in 1700 ; Fishwick, op.
cit. 172. George Fox visited Preston
several times, but it is not recorded that
he preached there.

203 Hewitson, op. cit. 51719.

204 Ibid. 536.

104

205 Ibid. 535. 208 Ibid. 537.

807 Zoar Chapel, named above.

208 The Countess of Huntingdon's Con-
nexion and the Methodist New Connexion
have been mentioned. Hardwick (op. cit.
483) states that a Primitive Episcopalian
Chapel was built in Gorst Street in 1837
for Mr. Aitkin's New Christian Society.
Nothing is known of this now, and there
may have been some confusion with the
original of St. James's Church.

209 Ibid. 538.

210 Mass appears to have been said at
Cottam, Tulketh, Broughton and Fish-
wick.

211 The story that a chapel existed there
as early as 1605 is not supported by any
definite evidence. It could not have re-
mained in use during the Commonwealth
period.

In 1689, however, we learn that 'the
soldiers unslated the Popish chapel,' so
that one had been opened, perhaps in the
time of James II ; Hewitson, Bellingham
Diary, 73.

The Jesuits served the Preston mission.
'Mr. Gray,' i.e. Gilbert Talbot, after-
wards Earl of Shrewsbury, was in charge
in 1701, with a salary of 10 ; Foley,
Rec. S. J. v, 320. A house at the lower
end of Friargate was used about that time
and is supposed to have been that pur-
chased by Fr. Alexander Leigh in 1733 ;
it was called Greystocks and St. Mary's
is on the site of it. The first chapel of
the name was built in 1761. 'The
greatest caution was used ; the chapel was
built behind the front houses in Friargate
so as to be quite shut out from view.
The mysterious building was carried on in
the name of Mr. Clifton of Lytham, and

AMOUNDERNESS HUNDRED

of 1768, and though the priest in charge managed to
escape across the Ribble he died soon afterwards
from alarm and horror. 212 Shortly afterwards another
was built on the site, but was closed when St.
Wilfrid's was opened in 1793 and it became a ware-
house. However, in 1 8 1 5 it was restored to divine
worship as a chapel of ease, its present status, and
served till 1856, when the present St. Mary's was
built on its site. 213 It stands back from the street,
being approached from Friargate through an arch-
way. St. Wilfrid's, built, as stated, in 1793, was
rebuilt in i879, 214 St. Ignatius' followed in i836, 215
and St. Walburge's, with its tall spire, one of the
landmarks of Preston, in i852. 216 These churches,
with St. Mary's, are served by Jesuit Fathers. The
secular clergy have St. Augustine's I838-4O, 217
St. Joseph's 1 86 2-74 218 and the English Martyrs'
1 863-88. 219 The Sisters of Charity manage St.
Joseph's Institutions, founded in 1872 by Mrs.
Holland. The teaching orders of the Sisters of the
Holy Child Jesus and the Faithful Companions of
Jesus have convents. 220 A society formed in 1731,
but of earlier origin, exists for the relief of the poor
and charity towards the dead ; it is called the ' First
Catholic Charitable Society.'

RIBBLETON

Ribleton, 1200 ; Ribbleton, 1202 ; Ribbelton,
1226; Ribilton, 1251 ; Rybelton, 1292.

This township has an area of 757 acres, including
the 1 08 acres of Ribbleton Moor. As the hamlet of
Brockholes in the adjoining township had rights in
the moor, this was formerly regarded as a semi-inde-
pendent district, and its L-shaped form divided
Ribbleton proper into three distinct parts north-
east (in which is Ribbleton Hall), north-west (Scales),
and south (in which is Farington Hall). A large
part was taken into the borough of Preston in 1880
and has been incorporated with that township since
1894,' so that the present township of Ribbleton,

PRESTON

the eastern part of the historical township, has an
area of only 305 acres. The population of the
reduced township in 1901 numbered 66. 2

The surface is elevated but comparatively level ;
on the south it descends very sharply to a plot of
low-lying ground in a bend of the Ribble. The
principal roads are those from Preston to Blackburn
on the south side and from Preston to Longridge on
the north. The railway between the last-named
places crosses the north-west corner. Preston
cemetery, formed in 1855, lies on the west side of
the township on the Blackburn road. There are
also some pleasure-grounds opened in 1885 ; they
are now called Farington Park. This side is be-
coming residential, being served by the electric
tramways.

The Royal Cross Training School for Deaf and
Dumb Children, opened in 1894, stands on the
Blackburn road. 3

There was formerly a cross on the moor and
another in Ribbleton Lane on the Preston boundary. 4
The story of the manor of RIBBLE-
M4NOR TON is obscure. Before the Conquest it
seems to have been part of the great
lordship of Preston held by Earl Tostig, and is not
separately named in Domesday Book. 5 In later times
its assessment was one plough-land, and it was held
in thegnage, by a rent of 8/. Henry de Ribbleton
died possessed of it in or before 1201, leaving a son,
who was a leper, and a daughter. Henry son of Alan
de Holland of Downholland purchased the wardship
and marriage of the daughter, 6 and by 1212 Ribbleton
had become incorporated with the Holland manors
and had been granted out to Roger de Leicester
for an annual service of Ss. and four arrows. 7
Roger in turn in 1202 gave it to Henry de Fish-
wick and Maud his wife, a rent of los. being payable,
but the agreement was varied in 1224.8 The mesne
lordship of the Hollands was not long recognized. 9

In 1324 Roger de Elston held the vill by the rent
of 8/. and doing suit to the county and wapentake. 10

passed by the name of the " New Build-
ing " ' ; ibid, v, 395. In 1750 the priest
in charge had a stipend of ^40 and 520
' customers ' ; the numbers of those con-
firmed and of Easter communicants were
274 and 940 in 1784 and 488 and 1,302
in 1793 ; ibid, v, 321-5.

212 Gillow, Bibl. Diet. o/Engl. Cath. ii,
146 ; Foley, op. cit. viii, 719.

218 Hewitson, op. cit. 501-2. The
chapel, a small plain building, has been
lined with marble.

214 Ibid. 503-6. Joseph Dunn, S.J.
(vere Earpe), was priest in charge from
1776 till his death in 1827, and won a
high position in the town. The House
of Recovery and the gasworks were due
to him ; Gillow, op. cit. ii, 143-7.

215 Hewitson, op. cit. 507. It was the
first church in Preston which had a spire.
The school for boys was opened in a
buililing erected as a ' hall of science ' by
local Secularists.

216 Ibid. 508. The dedication was due
to a remarkable cure attributed to the use
of St. Walburge's oil ; N. and Q. (Ser. i),
x, 1 86. The church stands, it is believed,
on or near the site of the old Hospital of
St. Mary Magdalene.

317 Hewitson, op. cit. 508. St. Augus-
tine of Canterbury is the patron ; see
Gillow, op. cit. ii, 481-3.

218 Hewitson. op. cit. 515. A school-
chapel served from 1862 till i8'-4.

219 Ibid. 513. The ' Martyrs ' named
are St. Thomas of Canterbury and St.
Alban. A school-chapel was opened in
1865 and the church in 1867, but this
was not completed till 1888.

220 The last-named community occupy
Lark Hill, formerly the residence of
Samuel Horrocks, cotton spinner, M.P.
for Preston 1804-26. The English
Benedictine nuns of Ghent, driven from
their house by the Revolution in 1792,
resided in Chapel Street till 1812, when
they removed to Staffordshire.

1 Loc. Govt. Bd. Order 31607.

2 The Census Report gives as part of
Preston an area of 645 acres (including
9 of inland water), with a population of
936 in 1901. This refers principally to
the part of Ribbleton now in the borough.

8 The founder was Mary Cross, the late
Archdeacon Rawstorne contributing. It
depends partly on voluntary contributions.

4 Lanes, and Ches. Antiq. Soc. xx, 172.

* V.C.H. Lanes, i, 288*.

8 Farrer, Lanes. Pipe R. 132. Henry
(de Holland) gave 10 marks for the ward-
ship, undertaking to provide all neces-
saries for the brother and reasonable
dower for the mother. The daughter's
name is not known.

105

Robert de Preston and Richard his
brother had offered 1001. for the grant,
and promised i6s. instead of the old 8*.
service for the plough-land in Ribbleton ;
Rot. de Oblatii (Rec. Com.), 115, 123.

7 Lanes. Inq. and Extents (Rec. Soc.
Lanes, and Ches.), i, 49. Roger de Leices-
ter was seneschal of Amounderness under
TheobaldWalter; Farrer, op. cit. 143, 169.

8 Final Cone. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and
Ches.), i, 21 ; .an assize of mort d'ancestor
had been summoned between them, but
the descent of the parties is not recorded.
Roger de Leicester had a wife Alice ;
ibid, i, 43. In 1224 Maud, described as
'daughter of Henry,' complained that
Roger son of Roger de Leicester had not
kept the agreement made by his father,
and she received 3 oxgangs of land for a
rent of 2$., Roger to warrant her ; oa
the other hand she renounced all claim
to the rest of the plough-land ; ibid, i, 45.

9 Henry de Holland paid the thegnage
rent of 8*. in 1226 ; Lanes. Inq. and
Extents, i, 140. In 1297 the vill paid
8i. to the earl, the tenants not being
named ; ibid, i, 289.

10 Dods. MSS. cxxxi, fol. 39. Some
grants to Roger de Elston are recited in
a later note ; his estate seems to have
been acquired by a number of separate
purchases.

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

Again in 1346 William de Elston and Roger his
brother were said to hold four plough-lands in Ribble-
ton, Preston and Elston of Henry Earl of Lancaster by
knight's service and 1 8d. for castle ward " ; but in the
same year Thomas Travers and William Lawrence
held between them one plough-land in Ribbleton in
socage, rendering 8j. a year at the four terms. 12 The
latter record is confirmed by later testimonies, 13 but
nothing is known as to the source of their right. 14

The estate was not usually called a manor. The
Travers moiety descended like Nateby 1& until 1579,
when it was sold to John Shireburne. 18 The other
moiety " was in 1 524 held by Robert Lawrence, who
died on 27 March holding his part of Ribbleton of
the king in socage by the rent of 4*. His heirs were
two daughters, Margaret and Agnes, aged seventeen
and fourteen respectively. 18 The elder daughter

married Hugh Farington of Hutton, 19 and their
descendants were seated in Ribbleton for some time,
recording pedigrees at the
visitations of 1567, 1613
and 1665.* The younger
daughter's share " seems to
have gone to Evan Browne,
who died in 1545 holding a
capital messuage called Rib-
bleton and messuages, lands
and windmill there in socage,
by a free rent of 2/. M His
son and heir Richard * 3 dying
without issue, the six sisters
made a partition in 1559 by
which Ribbleton Hall became

FARINGTON. Ar
chevefn gukt

three leopards' faces sable.

the property of Robert Shuttleworth and Jane his

11 Inq. p.m. 20 Edw. Ill (2nd nos.),
no. 62. In 1342 the feoffee granted to
William son of Roger de Elston and
Roger his brother various lands in Ribble-
ton and Brockholes ; Harl. MS. 2042,
fol. 169.

12 Surv. of 1346 (Chet. Soc.), 48. The
same partners also held a moiety of Ash-
ton at the other side of Preston. In
both cases the right seems to have de-
scended through Haydock, as below. In
1331 Thomas son of Lawrence Travers
had lands in Ribbleton ; Kuerden MSS.
iv, G zb.

18 Thomas Travers and Robert Law-
rence in 1415 granted Roger Elston the
younger for his life right of way through
a field called Riddings to Roger's field
called Newhey in Ribbleton ; Add. MS.
32107, no. 2986. In 1445-6 Thomas
Travers and Robert Lawrence held the
plough-land in Ribbleton, rendering 8j.
yearly ; Duchy of Lane. Knights' Fees,
bdle. 2, no. 20.

14 A large number of Ribbleton deeds
(Farington family) are in Piccope MSS.
(Chet. Lib.), iii, 17-29. None are so
early as 1346, and the first relating to
Lawrence is of 1412, as will be seen
below.

ls John Travers was in 1362 found to
have held 36 acres in Ribbleton in socage
by a rent of 4*. ; Inq. p.m. 36 Edw. Ill
(2nd nos.), no. 52.

William Travers died in 1524 holding
lands in Ribbleton of the king as duke
by the annual service of 41. ; Duchy of
Lane. Inq. p.m. v, no. 62. A similar
record was made in 1559 ; ibid, xi, no. 68.

Pal. of Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 36,
m. 262. The vendors were Richard
Travers and Grace his wife : the estate
is described as four messuages, &c., in
Ribbleton and Fulwood.

17 In 1354 William Lawrence and
Alice his wife made a settlement of their
estate in Thornton, Great and Little
Layton, a moiety of the manor of
Ribbleton and a fourth part of the
manor of Ashton. The remainders, after
their children (John and others), were,
so far as Ashton was concerned, to the
right heirs of Alice ; and as to Ribbleton
to Joan daughter of Geoffrey de Cuerdale
for life, and then the same as Ashton ;
Final Cone, ii, 141-2. The fine proves
that Lawrence held in right of his wife.
Joan de Cuerdale was then wife of Thomas
de Molyneux, and much of her estate
went to the Osbaldeston family.

John Lawrence died in 1398, having
made a settlement of his estate on his

wife Margaret in 1368. He left a son
William, aged eighteen ; Lanes. Inq. p.m.
(Chet. Soc.), i, 72.

Roger de Elston of Ribbleton in 1412
demised to Robert son of John Lawrence
a messuage in Ribbleton for life, and in
1438 John Elston and William his son
and heir granted land in Ribbleton fields
to Robert Lawrence ; Piccope MSS. iii,
27. Robert Lawrence, as above recorded,
was a partner in the manor in 1445-6
and Edmund, the son and heir of Robert,
in 1448 ; Pal. of Lane. Plea R. n, m. \b.

Robert seems to have been still living in
1459, when John son of Henry Compsty
granted land in Ribbleton to him, while
to Edmund son of Robert Lawrence a
quitclaim was given by William son of
John Compsty in 1475 ; Piccope MSS.
loc. cit.

18 Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. v, no. 57.
Robert Lawrence is described as 'of
Claughton in Amounderness ' ; his lands
were in Layton, Ribbleton and Thornton.
A feoffment made in 1513 is recited,
giving the following details : A messuage
in Ribbleton called the Maiden's House,
with closes named the Town Field and
Fishwick Banks, with other closes called
Blackearth, Over and Nether Crooked
Riddings, Oxhey, Wall Banks, Moor
Furlong, Little Furlong, with the orchard,
and the orchard about the hall.

By an award of the same time Isabel
widow of Robert Lawrence and their two
daughters were to pay z6s. Sd. a year to
James Walton of Preston and provide
a man horsed and harnessed for the king's
service ; Piccope MSS. iii, 17.

Richard Walton in 1579 released to
Richard Farington all his interest in lands
in Ribbleton ; ibid. 21.

19 Visit, of 1567 (Chet. Soc.), 45.
Some notes on this family will be found in
the account of Longton in Penwortham.

An inquisition after the death of
Richard Farington was made in 1596.
He held land in Ribbleton of the queen
in socage by a rent of iod., and his heir
was his son Hugh, aged thirty-six ; Piccope
MSS. iii, 29.

Hugh Farington died in 1637 holding
a messuage and land in Ribbleton of the
king. His heir was his son Charles, aged
thirty-seven ; Towneley MS. C 8, 1 3
(Chet. Lib.), 423-4. A settlement was
made by Hugh Farington and Charles his
son in 1620 ; Piccope MSS. iii, 23.

Deeds by Richard Farington, the son
of Charles, may be seen in the same col-
lection ; he appears to have sold or mort-
gaged the estate in 1672 ; ibid. 23, 25.

106

See also p. 206 for a sale to John
Winckley.

20 Printed by the Chetham Soc. : 1567,
P- 45 5 l6l 3P- I0 3 5 1664-5, p. 106.
The descent from Hugh and Margaret is
thus given : -s. Richard -s. Hugh -s.
Charles (d. c. 1650) -s. Richard -da. Jane.
Jane married a Southworth and was
living in 1695 5 Piccope MSS. iii, 25.

John Farington founded a charity in
1670 for the poor of Elston and Farington,
at the discretion of Richard Farington
of Ribbleton or those who might be owners
of Richard's estate. In 1824 James
Pedder and Thomas Walmesley were
trustees for the charity, their fathers and
grandfathers having acted before them ;
End. Char. Rep.

21 About 1550 a division of the Law-
rence estates was arranged. By this
Margaret, widow of Hugh Farington, and
Richard their son and heir were to have
a moiety of Ribbleton and all the land in
Goosnargh, while Henry Smith, Agnes
his wife and William their son and heir-
apparent were to have lands in Ribbleton
and all the estate in Layton and Stainall ;
Piccope MSS. iii, 1 9. William Smith and
Mary Smith, widow, had this estate in
1593 ; Pal. of Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 55,
m. 139.

2' Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. vii, no.
24. Evan Browne probably acquired
Agnes's share by purchase, though the
date in the preceding note causes a diffi-
culty, but he had an estate in Elston by
inheritance. Thus James Browne in
1479 gave land in Ribbleton to the
younger John Elston and his wife on
their daughter's marriage with his son
William Browne; Add. MS. 32108,
fol. 288. (There was a remainder to
William Elston and Catherine his wife,
so that the land may have been part of
the Elston estate.) Then in 1503-4
Ewan or Evan son and heir of William
son and heir of James Browne (living) was
contracted to marry Elizabeth daughter
of John Singleton of Shingle Hall ; ibid.
Evan's widow Elizabeth is named in
the inquisition, and seven daughters
Anne, Alice, Jane, Katherine, Laura,
Ellen and Bridget. Laura does not
occur again. Evan Browne had a numbei
of scattered properties, including two
burgages in Preston and a messuage in
French Lea.

28 Evan Browne, Richard and James
his sons were out-burgesses of the guild
of 1542 ; Preston Guild R. (Rec. Soc.
Lanes, and Ches.), 18. Richard was six
years old at his father's death.

H
H

AMOUNDERNESS HUNDRED

PRESTON

wife." The Farington estate is said to have been
sold to the Heskeths of Rufford about the end of the
I yth century.* 4

John Shireburne, already named, married one of
the daughters and seems to have acquired the shares
of two others. 26 His grandson of the same name
recorded a pedigree in 1613," and being a recusant
and Royalist his estates were sequestered under the
rule of the Parliament. 88 His son Henry seems to
have removed to Lincolnshire. 19 The Shireburne
estate is said to have been sold to Richard King in
1656 ; his descendants sold to Thomas Birchall,
whose son, also Thomas, built the present Ribbleton
Hall not far from the old house. 30 The estate is

reported to be owned at present by Mr. R. R.
Rothwell of Sharpies, by bequest of the late Mrs.
Birchall.

The freeholders recorded in 1600 were Hugh
Farington, John Shireburne and Richard Whalley. 11
The ' manor ' appears no more in the records.

The Elston family, at one time described as hold-
ing the vill, 32 continued to be considerable landowners
there, 33 and in 1454 their estate was described as a
manor. 34

A Ribbleton family appears at times, 35 and the
Haydocks once held a large part 36 ; names of other
landowners are recorded. 37 In the 1 8th century a
family named Brewer had Ribbleton Lodge, the

24 Towneley MS. C 8, 13, S 125. Of
the other daughters, Anne married
Richard Shireburne of Bailey ; Alice
(dead in 1559), Hugh Jones ; Katherine,
John Shireburne ; Ellen, Richard Shire-
burne the younger 5 and Bridget, Thomas
Whittingham.

In 1559 a settlement of a sixth part of
the manor of Ribbleton, with dovecote,
windmill, &c., was made by John Shire-
burne and Katherine his wife, the re-
mainder in default of issue being to her
gon (by her first husband) Richard Elston ;
Pal. of Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 21, m. 3.

Hugh Shireburne in 1594 sold mes-
suages and lands in Ribbleton and Haigh-
ton to George Talbot ; Pal. of Lane. Feet
of F. bdle. 56, m. 48. This was another
part of the Browne estate, George Talbot
being the son of Anne Shireburne by a
first husband ; C. D. Sherborn, Sherborn
Fam. 71. 2i Hewitson, Preston, 388.

96 John Shireburne in 1566 purchased
two messuages, &c., in Ribbleton and
Preston from Thomas Whittingham and
Bridget his wife ; Pal. of Lane. Feet of
F. bdle. 28, m. 63. Next year he bought
a messuage and land from William Wood-
ward and Elizabeth his wife ; ibid. bdle.
29, m. 99. In 1579 he purchased two
messuages, &c., in Ribbleton and Fulwood
from Thomas Jones and Jane his wife
(presumably the heirs of Hugh and Alice
Jones), and followed this in 1585 by
purchasing further lands from them and
the sixth part of the manor of Ribbleton ;
ibid. bdle. 41, m. 99 ; 47, m. 38.

The estate of Richard Shireburne and
Anne his wife (another co-heir) occurs
in 1572 ; ibid. bdle. 34, m. 23.

* Vint. (Chet. Soc.), 109. The descent
is given thus : John (s. of Thomas)
married Katherine Browne s. Thomas
-s. John (1613) -s. Henry (aged twelve).

K Cal. Com. for Comp. v, 3233 ; John
Shireburne died in 1655, and a claim to
land in Ribbleton put in by Thomas
Parker of Browsholme was allowed.

89 C. D. Sherborn, Sherborn Fam. 8790.

80 Hewitson, loc. cit.

81 Misc. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.),

' 233-

Richard Whalley in 1574 purchased a
messuage, &c., from John and Katherine
Shireburne ; Pal. of Lane. Feet of F.
bdle. 36, m. 155. Similar estates were
sold to Edward Belshaugh, John Ridley
and Richard Tomlinson ; ibid. m. 178,
184, 259.

M In 1 346 as above. Various Elston
families occur in Brockholes, Ribbleton
and the neighbouring townships. Thus
John de Haighton gave 3 acres in Haigh-
ton to Roger son of William de Elston
and Paulin his brother ; Kuerden MSS.
iii, H 2. Adam son of Roger del Scale*

gave to the same brothers land in the
Scales in Ribbleton; Add. MS. 32107,
no. 2959. Roger de Elston granted
Paulin de Elston land in Haighton and
i acre in Ribbleton Scales ; Kuerden, loc.
cit. John son of William de Haighton
in 1327 gave land in Haighton to William
son of Paulin de Elston ; ibid. Richard
son of Henry de Brockholes gave land in
Ribbleton Scales, descending from his
mother Maud, to Roger de Elston ;
Kuerden fol. MS. fol. 50 B.

Richard son of William Drury gave
Roger de Elston a release of his claim to
lands in Ribbleton, attested by William
and Paulin de Elston, Henry and Simon
de Ribbleton ; Add. MS. 32107, no. 2961.
In 131617 Henry de Ribbleton and
Agnes widow of Richard de Brockholes
released to Roger de Elston their rights
in Ribbleton ; ibid. no. 2965, 2967.
The date of the former deed may be
fixed approximately by a claim for dower
in 1269 by Amery widow of William
Drury v. Robert son of Richard Drury ;
Cur. Regi R. 195, m. 35 d.

William son of Roger de Elston ob-
tained from William de Methop (son of
Robert the Harper) in 1333 a release of
a rent of 2s. yd. from Ribbleton, and in
the same and later years he obtained
further grants and releases from Adam
son of Henry de Ribbleton (1333),
Gilbert de Knaresborough and Alice his
daughter (1336), Adam de Compsy, Alice
his wife, and Robert de Claughton of
Ribbleton (1342) ; Add. MS. 32107,
no. 2968, 2970, 2971-2.

88 John de Elston the younger in 1369
made a grant to William the Tailor ;
ibid. no. 2975. In 1379-80 he obtained
a quitclaim from Robert le Sagher of
Ribbleton ; ibid. no. 2977.

84 Kuerden MSS. vi, fol. 80 ; John
Elston gave his manor of Ribbleton to
feoffees. In 1461 William Elston gave
lands in the same place, &c., to feoffees ;
ibid. foL 74. John Elston of Ribbleton
obtained an exemption from jury service
in 1504-5 ; Dep. Keeper's Ref>. xl, App.

544-

85 Ralph son of William de Ribbleton
released to Henry son of Robert de
Ribbleton his right in all land in the
Musifield in Ribbleton ; Add. MS. 32106,
no. 666. Henry, the grantee, gave all
his land in the same field to John de
Grimsargh and his heirs for the rent of
an arrow ; ibid. no. 678.

Robert de Ribbleton granted land in
Ribbleton and Brockholes in 1325-6 to
Henry de Ribbleton and Agnes his wife ;
Kuerden MSS. iii, B 14. Thomas
Kendal, cousin and heir of William
Ribbleton, had in 1407 lands in Preston
and Ribbleton ; ibid, ii, fol. 224.

107

Tunnock daughter of Robert son of
Vivian de Ribbleton Scales and Adam her
son gr2nted all her land to the west of a
certain hedge to Master William de
Preston, clerk ; Towneley MS. OO,
no. 1095, 1164. In 1303 Robert de
Ribbleton Scales gave land there, received
by the gift of his brother Roger, to Roger
his younger son ; Kuerden MSS. ii, fol.
224.

Robert de Ribble 1 on son of Adam de
Ribblescales in 1313-14 granted his son
Robert the moiety of a messuage in
Preston ; ibid, iii, P 7.

86 From the fine of 1224 above cited
it appears that Maud de Ribbleton had
3 oxgangs of land. The other 5 oxgangs
seem to have been held about 1280 by
the Haydock family, for in 1285 Joan
widow of John son of Henry de Haydock
claimed dower in messuages and lands in
Ribbleton, &c., afterwards described as
eleven messuages and 5 oxgangs of land ;
De Banco R. 59, m. 3 ; 64, m. 122.
The defendant was Henry de Haydock,
whose widow Alice in 1290 claimed
against the said Joan and her daughters
Alice and Aline ; ibid. 86, m. 174. It
seems most probable that the Travers
and Lawrence inheritance descended from
these daughters.

87 Forfeited lands of the Yorkist, Sir
James Harrington, probably inherited with
Balderston, were granted to the Earl of
Derby in 1489, but the tenure is not
stated in 1521 ; Duchy of Lane. Inq.
p.m. v, no. 68. Thomas Radcliffe of
Winmarleigh, also through Balderston,
held lands in Ribbleton in 1521, but
the tenure is not separately stated ; they
descended to Sir Gilbert Gerard ; ibid.
v, no. 3 ; xvi, no. 2. Edmund Dudley
had another part of the Balderston
inheritance ; ibid, iv, no. 13. Sir
Alexander Osbaldeston had another part ;
ibid, viii, no. I.

Sir Thomas Boteler of Bewsey in 1 522
held lands in Ribbleton in socage ; ibid.
v, no. 1 3.

John de Elston in 1370 granted 2 acres
in Ribbleton to John de Walton ; Add.
MS. 32107, no. 2976. In i559William
Walton of Preston died holding a mes-
suage, &c., in Ribbleton of Richard
Browne in socage by id. rent, and his
son Richard Walton apparently held the
same in 1593; Duchy of Lane. Inq.
p.m. xi, no. 27 5 xvi, no. 42. But
Richard Walton seems to have mort-
gaged or sold it to Richard Farington in
1579 and to Hugh Farington in 1589,
so that it probably became incorporated
with the Farington estate ; Pal. of Lane.
Feet of F. bdles. 41, m. 35 ; 51, m. 67.

A purchase by John Ridley has been
recorded. He died in 1599 holding a

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

domestic chapel there serving the Roman Catholics
of the district. 38 Several ' Papists ' registered estates
in 17 1 7. 39

The Knights Hospitallers had some land in Rib-
bleton, 40 afterwards owned by the Shireburnes of
Stonyhurst. 41

A dispute in 1564 as to the lordship and moor of
Ribbleton gives the bounds on the Fulwood side as
follows : From Jackson Hey and Clough north-east to
the mere hills, five in all, on the south-west side of
a close called the Park Falls in Fulwood." The
moor was inclosed in iS/o. 43

In connexion with the Church of England St.
Mary Magdalene was consecrated in 1889 ; a district
had been formed for it in 1883," and services began
about that time. The patronage is in the hands of
trustees.

GRIMSARGH AND BROCKHOLES

Grimesarge, Dom. Bk. ; Grimisharg, 1242 ;
Grimsarche, Grimsharg, 1244; Grimesherg, 1253 ;
Gremesargh, Gremeshargh, Grymesharth, Grymes-
haruth, 1292 ; Grymesargh, 1293 ; Greymesargh,
1301 ; Grymsar, xv cent. This last shows the
pronunciation (/ short).

Brochole, 1212; Brocholes, Brochols, 1290.
Locally pronounced Brockus.

This township consists of two distinct parts con-
nected by a narrow strip of ground beside the Ribble.
A small part was included in the borough of Preston
in 1880 and in the township of Preston in I894- 1
Grimsargh, the northern half, has an area of 1,184
acres, stretching from the Ribble to Savock Brook.
It is divided from Elston on the east by a wooded
clough. In the southern corner the land rises
steeply from the river, and here is Red Scar, a mansion
commanding fine views over the valley. The surface
of Grimsargh is comparatively level, but mostly above
200 ft. over sea level.

The principal road is that from Preston to Long-
ridge, going north and then east. The railway
between those towns crosses this part of the town-
ship in a north-easterly direction, and has a station
named Grimsargh, from which a branch line runs
north-west to the asylum at Whittingham.

There are reservoirs of the Preston Waterworks in
the north of the township. Near Red Scar there
was formerly a well reputed to be medicinal ; * it
went by the name of Boilton Spa, and it is said that
its water cured consumption. This well was in the

form of a double trough, 2 yds. long and i ft. broad,
and was approached by about half a dozen descending
steps. The water came out of the breast of Boilton
Wood, and in front of the drain or pipe by which it
entered the well there was a piece of carved work in the
shape of a human head, through the mouth of which
the water ran into the receiving trough. . . The
well was done away with and the water drained off,
about thirty years ago [i.e. about 1850], by the late
Colonel Cross.' a

Brockholes lies in a bend of the Ribble, its
boundary on the east and south, being closed in by
Ribbleton on the other sides. The greater part of
it is low-lying level ground, but on the border of
Ribbleton the surface rapidly rises for nearly 100 ft.
Lower Brockholes and Higher Brockholes are in the
south-west and north-east respectively. Near the
former house the Preston and Blackburn road crosses
the Ribble by a bridge, first erected in 1824, and
then in stone in 1 86 1. It was known as the Half-
penny Bridge, from the toll formerly charged. There
are very few houses in this part of the township,
which has an area of 753^ acres.

The area of the original township is 1,937^ acres, 3
and in 1901 there was a population of 453 for the
present reduced township. 4

The soil is clay and alluvial, with subsoil various.
The land is chiefly in pasture.

The township is governed by a parish council.

A wayside cross, known as Three Mile Cross,
formerly stood in Grimsargh. 5 The line of a Roman
road, called Watling Street, has been traced in
Grimsargh and Elston.

In 1066 GRIMSARGH, then assessed
MANORS as two plough-lands, was a member of
Earl Tostig's Preston lordship. 6 Some
time after the Conquest the manor was divided ;
Grimsargh, as half a plough-land, was held in
thegnage ; Brockholes, also half a plough-land, was
given to the baron of Manchester ; and Elston,
the remaining plough-land, to the baron of Pen-
wortham.

Roger son of Augustin de Heaton of Heaton in
Lonsdale had a confirmation of his half plough-land
in Grimsargh in 1 1 89 from John Count of Mortain ;
Roger had obtained the manor from Roger son of
Orm (son of Magnus), 7 who held Hutton near Pen-
wortham and Medlar near Kirkham. 8 Roger, de
Heaton demised it to Gilbert de Grimsargh. 9 His
son Roger de Heaton held it in 1262, the tenant
then being William de Grimsargh, who paid the 3^.

messuage, &c., in Ribbleton of the queen
in socage, and leaving, a son Richard over
fifty years old ; Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Chet.
Soc.), ii, 162. This son died four years
afterwards, his son and heir John being
twenty-two ; ibid, ii, 163. John Ridley
died in 1637 holding the same estate ;
his son and heir Richard was twenty-
four years old ; ibid, ii, 165. He was
perhaps the in-burgess of Preston appear-
ing in 1662 and 1682 5 Preston Guild R.

135, 174.

Sir Thomas Walmsley of Dunken-
halgh had land in Ribbleton in 1612 ;
Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and
Ches.), i, 250.

38 Gillow, EM. Diet. ofEngl. Cath. i,
291, giving notices of two Benedictines,
members of the family.

89 John Gregson, Richard Bolton (also

at Catterall), John Ridley, Adam Helme,
Thomas Kellet, Richard Kendal, Edward
Parkinson ; Estcourt and Payne, Engl.
Cath. Non-jurors, 91, 138-40.

40 It is named among the Hospitallers'
lands in 1292 ; Plac. de Quo Warr. (Rec.
Com.), 375.

41 Kuerden MSS. ii, fol. 132 ; Duchy
of Lane. Inq. p.m. xxvi, no. 4.

Another part of the Hospitallers' land
was held in 1603 by Thomas Barton of
Barton by 6d. rent ; Lanes. Inq. p.m.
(Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.), i, 10.

42 The depositions are printed in Fish-
wick, Preston, 345-6.

43 Stat. 24 & 25 Viet., cap. i. In
the award a parcel of 5^ acres was granted
to the overseers as a recreation ground ;
End. Char. Rep. (Preston 1905), 102.

44 Land. Gaz. 23 Aug. 1883.

108

1 Loc. Govt. Bd. Order 31607. About
192 acres were transferred to Preston.

2 Hewitson, Preston, 388. Boilton is
on the north-west boundary of Brock-
holes, adjoining Ribbleton.

3 1,748, including 53 acres of inland
water; Census Rep. 1901.

4 In addition the part included in
Preston contained 108 persons.

5 Lanes, and Ches. Antiq. Soc. xx, 173.

6 V.C.H. Lanes, i, 288^.

7 Farrer, Lanes. Pipe R. 437. 8 Ibid. 409.
9 So stated in the charter of his grand-
son William de Heaton cited below.

In 1212 Grimsargh is not separately
named among the Heaton lands ; Lanes.
Inq. and Extents (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and
Ches.), i, 48. Roger had died in 1204,
leaving a son of the same name, who was
under age.

5
O

AMOUNDERNESS HUNDRED

thegnage rent due from Roger to the king. 10 William
the son and heir of Roger afterwards confirmed the
title of William de Grimsargh,
the rent being unchanged. 11
The Earl of Lancaster re-
ceived 3/. from Grimsargh in
1297."

About this time the Hogh-
tons of Hoghton appear to
have acquired lands in the
township, 13 and eventually
purchased the lordship from
the Grimsargh family. 14 In
1 324 the mesne lord, William
de Heaton, was said to hold
it by the old rent of 3/., 15

but in 1 346 the immediate tenant only was re-
cognized, viz. Adam de Hoghton. 16 The manor
descended in this family without noteworthy in-
cident 17 until 1772, when it was sold by Sir Henry
Hoghton and Frances his wife to William Shawe
the younger, 18 from whom it seems to have passed to
the Cross family, seated at Red Scar in this town-

HOGHTON of Hogh-
ton. Sable three hart
argent.

PRESTON

ship.' 9 Mr. William Cross is the present lord of
the manor, 20 but lives in Surrey, Red Scar being let.

RED SC.4R 20a stands in a commanding situation
facing south-east above a bend of the River Ribble
on its north bank about three miles north-east of
Preston, and is a picturesque two story gabled building
of timber and plaster, partly dating probably from
Elizabethan times, but so much restored and added
to that few of its original architectural features remain.
It was enlarged and altered in 1798 and again in
1840 when the library was added. The exterior
timber and plaster work is almost wholly imitative
and modern, but a thatched one-story wing at the
north-east end, now used as a dining-room, preserves
to some extent an interesting ancient feature. The
interior contains some oak furniture and carvings
formerly in the old church at Grimsargh.

BROCKHOLES, as already stated, was a member
of the fee of Manchester. It was granted to the
Lathom family, 21 and of them held by a tenant
assuming the local surname. The first of them known
by name was one Award de Brockholes,* 2 whose son
Roger appears in pleadings of 1246 and otherwise. 23

10 Ibid. 231 ; thus Roger had nothing
from Grimsargh except relief and ward-
ship. Roger's heir was his son William.

11 Kuerden MSS. v, fol. 113.

12 Lanes, Inq. and Extents, i, 289.
The tenant is not named.

18 In 1292 Adam de Hoghton held a
messuage and 12 acres in Grimsargh, as
heir of his father, who had purchased
from Richard son of John de Flitchcrofthaw.
The plaintiff, Richard son of Robert son of
John de Goosnargh, said that these Johns
were the same person, but he was non-
suited ; Assize R. 408, m. 22.

At the same time William son of
Robert de Elston claimed the sixth part
of a water-mill in Grimsargh against
Richard de Hoghton and Alexander de
Hyde. The plaintiff, who recovered,
stated that his father had purchased the
mill from Thomas de Grimshagh
(? Grimsargh), but Agnes widow of
Thomas had a third part in dower, which
she had granted to plaintiff till he had
received the cost of repairing the mill ;
ibid. m. 3 d. Again, Roger de Eccleston
(? Elston) complained that Thomas de
Grimsargh and Richard de Hoghton had
obstructed his right of way ; ibid. m.
32 d.

14 The time of purchase does not
appear, but in 1301 Richard de Hoghton
seems to have had a fair estate in
Grimsargh ; Final Cone. (Rec. Soc.
Lanes, and dies.), i, 192. Richard son
of Sir Adam de Hoghton granted 9 acres
in Grimsargh to Henry de Eccleshill ;
Dods. MSS. Ixx, fol. 1 6o/>.

In 1325-6 William son of Roger de
Caton granted William de Heaton and
Anilla his wife the service of Sir Richard
de Hoghton for lands in Grimsargh ;

?uoted in Memo. R. (L.T.R.) 128, m. xv
37 Edw. III).

An agreement as to arbitration on
various matters in dispute was made in
1334 between William de Grimsargh and
Sir Richard de Hoghton, two neighbours
and a man of the law being chosen by-
each to view and decide ; Add. MS
32106, no. 318.

The transfer of the manor does not
seem to have been complete until 1362,
when William de Grimsargh granted to
Sir Adam de Hoghton all his messuages,

lands, rents, services, &c., in the vill of
Grimsargh ; ibid. no. 520.

Of the Grimsargh family little is
known. A William de Grimsargh
appears between 1242 and 1262, followed
by a John de Grimsargh in 1293 ; Lanes.
Inq. and Extents, i, 151, 231, 280.
Gilbert son of Thomas de Grimsargh in
1292 claimed common of pasture against
John de Grimsargh and William de
Brockholes, but was non-suited 5 Assize
R. 4'.8, m. 58. To charters of 1284 John
de Grimsargh and Gilbert his brother
were witnesses ; Kuerden fol. MS. fol.
74, 50 (B 5). John de Grimsargh
attested a deed in 1312-13 ; ibid. fol. 74.
William de Grimsargh contributed to the
subsidy in 1332; Exch. Lay Subs. (Rec.
Soc. Lanes, and Ches.), 58.

15 Dods. MSS. cxxxi, fol. 39.

16 Survey of 1 346 (Chet. Soc.), 59.
This shows that the deed of 1362 above
cited was only the completion of. a sale
that had taken place long before.

17 The manor of Grimsargh, as held
by the service of 31., occurs among
Hoghton properties in inquisitions, fines,
&c., but the family do not seem to have
resided there. See Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Chet.
Soc.), i, 145 (1422) ; Duchy of Lane.
Knights' Fees, bdle. 2, no. 20 (1446) ; Pal.
of Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 89, no. 141
(1616), &c.

Grimsargh was held by Elizabeth
Kighley at her death in 1524 by 31. rent,
the reversion being to Sir Richard
Hoghton ; Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. v,
no. 6 1.

18 ial. of Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 387,
m. 114.

19 It is stated that the manor was sold
by Sir Henry Philip Hoghton (d. 1835)
to William Cross of Red Scar (Fishwick,
Preston, 93), in which case the apparent
sale to Shawe must have been a mortgage
only.

ao For pedigree see Burke, Landed
Gentry. This gives John Cross, d. 1799
-s. William (of Red Scar), d. 1827-8.
William Assheton, d. 1863 . William,
b. 1850.

20a There is an illustration in Twycross,
Lanes. Mansions, ii, 48.

21 In 12 12 Richard son of Robert (de
Lathom) held half a plough-land in

IOQ

Brockholes, part of the Grelley fee, by
the thirteenth part of a knight's fee ;
Lanes. Inq. and Extents, i, 54.

The dependence upon Manchester,
though merely nominal, continued to be
recorded down to the I7th century.
In 1322 Robert de Lathom held the
thirteenth part of a fee in Brockholes by
John de Brockholes ; Mamecestre (Chet.
Soc.), ii, 379. For sake fee %d. was
paid, also gd. for castle ward, and puture
of the Serjeants was due ; ibid, ii, 288.
In 1473 the wife of Nicholas Singleton
held the lordship of Brockholes by the
Ribble by the same tenure ; ibid, iii,
480.

33 Award de Brockholes attested a
charter by Henry de Lea ; Add. MS.
32106, no. 69.

In the account of Samlesbury has been
mentioned an Edward son of Edward son
of Orm de Brockholes ; the first Edward
(living 1227) may be identical with the
Award of the text.

One Ellis de Brockholes appears in
Yorkshire in 1284; Ca/. Close, 1279-88,
p. 271. There may have been other
placesof the name; Gen.(nev? ser.),xi, 196.

* 3 In 1246 Roger de Brockholes re-
covered common of pasture in 4 acres in
Brockholes against Maud de Ribbleton,
Robert and William her sons and Richard
de Ellesley ; Assize R. 404, m. 4. The
first of these defendants was perhaps the
Maud daughter of Henry who unsuccess-
fully claimed 20 acres at the same time
against Roger de Brockholes, Richard d
Lathom and others; ibid. m. 13. Roger
and his wife Christiana acquired land in
Byrewath in Garstang ; Add. MS. 32106,
no. 1105.

In Dec. 1253 an agreement was made
between Roger de Brockholes and Huard
de Bradshaw as to certain quarrels respect-
ing land in Bradshaw given in free
marriage with Huard's sister Mabel ;
Harl. MS. 2112, fol. 65/107. It appears
that Mabel had married Roger, for
William son of Roger de Brockholes
released his claim (derived from Mabel
his mother) to 4 acres in Bradshaw to
Robert son of Henry son of Huctreil de
Bradshaw ; Kuerden fol. MS. fol. 50 B.

Roger had also a son Richard, who
gave William his brother land in Brock-

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

Roger's son Adam de Brockholes 21 died in 1290
holding the manor of Brockholes of Sir Robert de
Lathom by the eighth part of a knight's fee ; also
land in Byrewath in Garstang and in Paythorne in

Gisburn. 25 His son Roger succeeded, but was still
under age in I292.' 26 He married Nichola daughter
and heir of Isolda de Rigmaiden, 27 and was succeeded
in or before 1311 by their son John. 28 He was

RSD SCAR : THE DINING-ROOM

holes and Old Brockholes ; ibid. William
son of William de Brockholes in 1284
gave his uncle Richard (son of Roger) his
right in an oxgang of land in Ribbleton
called Hysokecroft ; ibid. Another
version of the charter places Hysokecroft
in Brockholes ; Add. MS. 32108, fol.
288. In 1341 William son of William
son of Roger de Brockholes claimed 9
acres in Grimsargh against Richard son
of William son of Roger de Brockholes ;
De Banco R. 328, m. 524 d.

21 In 1280 Adam de Brockholes, as
grandson and heir of Award de Brock-
holes, claimed a messuage and half an
oxgang of land in Brockholes against
Robert Noel, Agnes his wife, and Cecily
(under age) the sister of Agnes, who held
two-thirds, and Henry de Walton and
Agnes his wife, who had one-third ; De
Banco R. 36, m. 70. The claim was
still being prosecuted in 1287 against
Robert son of Adam Nowell of Mearley,
Agnes and Cecily, it being alleged that
Award de Brockholes had demised the
land for a term (then expired) to Uctred
de Brockholes ; ibid. 69, m. 75 d.
About 1284 an exchange seems to have
been made, Robert Nowell and the sisters
taking land in Paythorne ; Kuerden fol.
MS. fol. 273. Robert Nowell and Agnes
his wife claimed common of pasture in
Brockholes in 1288 against Adam de
Brockholes and William his brother ;

Assize R. 1277, m. 31. It may be
added that an Alice daughter ot Roger
son of Uctred de Brockholes released
(c. 1285) to her sister Agnes all her
inheritance in Brockholes; Kuerden MSS.
v, fol. 1 1 8. Roger son of Agnes de
Brockholes in 1314-15 gave land in the
township to Thomas son of Roger Hyde;
Towneley MS. HH, no. 1875.

Henry son of Robert de Ribbleton
released to Adam son of Roger de Brock-
holes half an oxgang of land in Brockholes
held of Adam ; Add. MS. 32107, no. 996.
The same Adam and Henry made an
exchange of land called Elondes, the
bounds naming the brook which formed
the division between Brockholes and
Ribbleton ; Towneley MS. HH, no. 1877.
Adam gave his brother William a part of
the waste of Brockholes, within certain
bounds ; a field called the Hyles is
named ; ibid. no. 1888.

25 Lanes. Inq. and Extents, i, 274. Henry
de Haydock and William le Blund were
the executors of the will of Adam de
Brockholes in 1292 ; Assize R. 408,
m. 100. In the same year John de
Rigmaiden claimed a debt but was
non-suited against the executors of
Cecily widow of Adam de Brockholes ;
ibid. m. 54 d.

36 Maud widow of William de Clifton
claimed a messuage and half an oxgang of
land in Brockholes against Roger son of

110

Adam de Brockholes, but the trial was
adjourned till Roger should be of age ;
Assize R. 408, m. 5 d.

William de Clifton and Maud his wife
gave all their land in Brockholes with a
messuage there to Robert their son, and
this Robert made an exchange with Adam
de Brockholes about 1284 ; Kuerden fol.
MS. fol. 75, 74.

27 About 1290 Adam son of Richard
de Disteshaw granted all his land in
Brockholes to John de Rigmaiden and
Isolda his wife ; Towneley MS. HH, no.
1867. In 1308-9 Isolda de Rigmaiden
released to Nichola de Brockholes, her
daughter and heir, all right in the same ;
ibid. no. 1868.

In continuation of the last note it may
be added that in 1310-11 Maud widow
of Robert son of William de Clifton
released her dower land to Nichola widow
of Roger de Brockholes, and that Roger
son of Robert de Clifton soon afterwards
granted all his lands in Brockholes to the
same Nichola ; Kuerden fol. MS. fol.

74-5-

28 The last note shows that Nichola
was a widow in 1310-11. In 1316-17
John son of Roger dc Brockholes released
to Nichola his mother a third part of the
manor of Brockholes, &c., as dower ; Kuer-
den MSS. v, fol. 1 1 %b. Nichola afterwards
gave to her son John the rent from the
third part of the manor ; HH, no. 1869.

AMOUNDERNESS HUNDRED

PRESTON

followed at Brockholes about ten years later by his
brother Adam " 9 ; by what title is not quite clear,
but probably by a. family partition, John's descendants
having the manor of Claughton in Garstang.

Adam de Brockholes, who was living in 1341, had
several children, including Nicholas his heir 30 and
Roger. 31 Nicholas had at least two sons, 32 but the
manor appears to have descended to two daughters
or granddaughters : Margaret, who married Roger

Elston, and another who married Singleton. 33
A partition was afterwards agreed upon, by which
the former had Old or Higher Brockholes and the
latter New or Lower Brockholes. 34

The Elston moiety descended regularly 35 to Robert
Elston, who died in 1662. After some changes it
was purchased in 1694 by Thomas Winckley of
Preston, 37 and descended to Frances Lady Shelley, 38
after whose death in 1873 it was sold to Edward

John was still in possession in 1322;
Mamecestre, ii, 379.

A dispute in 1323 between William de
Ribbleton and Roger son of Richard de
Ribbleton concerning 12 acres, &c., in
Brockholes shows that the father had
held of Nichola de Brockholes by knight's
service. John and Adam de Brockholes
and Richard Deuyas and Isolda his wife,
formerly wife of William (?) de Ribbleton,
are named ; Assize R. 425, m. i, 5.
John de Brockholes appeared for Nichola
and the others.

29 Nichola widow of Roger de Brock-
holes in 1319 procured a messuage and
land to be settled on her with remainder
to Adam son of Roger de Brockholes and
Margaret his wife ; Final Cone, ii, 35.
Roger son of Agnes de Brockholes,
already named, in 1324-5 made a release
to Adam de Brockholes ; HH, no. 1890.
In 1329 Adam son of Roger de Brock-
holes made a feoffment of a third part of
the manor, &c. ; ibid. no. 1874.

30 In 1339 Robert du Marreys, clerk,
regranted to Adam son of Roger de
Brockholes and Margaret his wife two-
thirds of the manor of Brockholes, with
the homage and service of the free tenant
William de Brockholes ; with successive
remainders to Nicholas, Adam, John,
Robert and Henry, sons of Adam, and
then to the right heirs of William de
Brockholes ; Kuerden fol. MS. fol. 259.
An Adam de Brockholes son of William
was l : ving in 1349 ; Add. MS. 32108,
fol. 289.

In 1341 Roger son of Roger de Elston
exchanged certain land in Brockholes with
Adam son of Roger de Brockholes and
Margaret his wife ; the remainders were
to Adam's sons Nicholas and John ; HH,
no. 1894.

81 In 1349 Roger son of Adam de
Erockholes released to his brother
Nicholas all right in the manor of
Brockholes ; ibid. no. 1906.

Roger de Singleton of Singleton and
Alice his wife in 1348 granted to
Nicholas de Brockholes all the lands in
Brockholes which had belonged to Adam
de Singleton ; J. Harland's note.

82 The preceding note shows that
Nicholas was in possession in 1 349. In
1355 he granted leave to get turves in
Brockholes; Add. MS. 32108, fol. 289.
In 1358 he received from John de
Preston a release of all the right in
Brockholes which John had had from
Edmund de Brockholes ; Kuerden MSS.
v, fol. n8A. Three years later he made
a feoffment of the manor ; HH, no.
1884. Another feoffment was made in
1396-7 ; Kuerden MSS. iii, B 14. The
seal shews a cheveron between three
brocks (?). Nichola* de Brockholes and
Margaret his wife occur in 1402 ; HH,
no. 1880.

Roger son of Nicholas de Brockholes
in 1377-8 quitclaimed to Nicholas his
father and Margaret his wife all right in
Brockholes; ibid. no. 1558. Thomas

de Bredkirk was in 1387 pardoned for
the death of Geoffrey son of Nicholas de
Brockholes, killed at Preston in 1385 ;
Cal. Pat. 1385-9, p. 284.

In 1378 William del Pole and Margery
his wife had some interest in the Brock-
holes estate ; Final Cone, iii, 5.

88 The deeds preserved (those of Elston
of Brockholes) are not clear on this point.
In 1419 (or perhaps 7 Hen. IV) a moiety
of the manor of Brockholes, held for life
by Margaret widow of Nicholas, was
settled on Roger Elston and Margaret
his wife, the heir of Nicholas, with
remainder to their son John, contracted
to marry Agnes daughter of John
Fleetwood ; Add. MS. 32107, no. 548.

John Elston had a son William, who
as early as 1428-9 was contracted to
marry Ellen daughter of Thomas
Haighton ; Add. MS. 32108, fol. 289*.

According to the pedigree the other
heiress married Thomas Singleton ;
Fishwick, Preston, 288.

34 John Elston was bound in 1437-8
to Nicholas Singleton for the performance
of an agreement as to lands in Brock-
holes ; Kuerden fol. MS. foL 115.
From notes by Kuerden (MSS. vi, fol.
74) it seems that a division was made in
1453-4 and an award relating to it in
1478. In 1458-9 William son of John
Elston granted a lease of Old Brockholes ;
ibid.

Another note of agreement between
Nicholas Singleton and Roger Elston
states that the latter was to have Old
Brockholes for life; Add. MS. 32107,
no. 2987. Again in 1445-6 Roger
Elston, whose son John had granted
Nicholas Singleton the reversion of a
moiety of the manor of Brockholes,
released his own life interest in the
same ; HH, no. 1901. The moiety of
the manor was the subject of a settlement
in 1453-4, when the elder John, son
and heir-apparent of William Elston, was
contracted to marry Agnes daughter of
Nicholas Singleton of Brockholes ; Add.
MS. 32108, fol. 289*. The parties
being near akin a dispensation was
obtained ; Kuerden MSS. vi, fol. 74..
William Elston had a younger son also
named John.

Robert son and heir-apparent of John
Elston, senior, was in 1483-4 married to
Anne daughter of John Singleton of
Withgill; Add. MS. 32108, fol. 28o/>.
In 1515 John Elston agreed with
Margaret daughter of Robert Waddington
as to her marriage with his cousin and
heir Ralph Elston (apparently son of
Robert); ibid. Again in 1553-4
William Elston, who had married
Katherine daughter of Evan Browne,
was to have Brockholes ; ibid. It
appears that he was the younger son of
Ralph Elston ; Richard the elder son
had died.

Ralph Elston and Richard his son
were out-burgesses of the guild of I 542 ;
Preston Guild R. 19. In the same year

III

two messuages, &c., were settled on
Ralph Elston and Richard his son and
heir-apparent ; Pal. of Lane. Feet of F.
bdle. 12, m. 81. Ralph Elston occurs as
vendor (or trustee) in 1553 ; ibid. bdle.
14, m. 48.

In 1538-9 Roger Asshaw and Jane
his wife claimed a 'form or kneeling
place ' in Preston Church in right of his
manor of Elston, but Ralph Elston of
Old Brockholes asserted his right to it.
The churchwardens, seeing that ' man-
slaughter, sedition, and great unquietness
were like to have ensued,' took away
the form till a legal decision could be
given ; T. C. Smith, Preston Church,
250-1.

85 Ralph Elston, named above, died
4 Nov. 155^ holding a capital messuage
and lands in Brockholes of the executors
of the will of Lord La Warre in socage
by a rent of 4^. yearly. The kinsman
and heir was Richard Elston, aged five
years ; Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. x, no.
3. The following field-names, &c., are
given : Grey Bank, Margaret Acre, Boat-
field, Holme, Eases, Oldhouse, Brew-
house, &c.

Richard Elston, a minor, made com-
plaint in 1571 as to invasion of his
grandfather's lands by John Shireburne
and Katherine his wife ; Duchy of Lane.
Plead. Eliz. Ixxxii, E I.

From the Preston Guild R. (p. 27) it
would seem that Richard was the son
and heir of Richard (? William) Elston,
deceased. A settlement of Richard
Elston's estate in Brockholes or Over
Brockholes was made in 1574 ; Pal. of
Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 36, m. 73. He
died in 1592 holding the same estate of
John Lacy (as- of his manor of Man-
chester) by the twenty-sixth part of a
knight's fee and a rent of j\.d. ; Duchy of
Lane. Inq. p.m. xv, no. 14. The service
was that due for a moiety of Brockholes.

William the son and heir was thirteen
years of age. He died in 1636 holding
his Brockholes estate of Edward Mosley
of Manchester by the fourth part of a
knight's fee and \d. rent ; Robert his son
and heir was twenty-eight years of age ;
ibid, xxix, no. i. William Elston, a
scholar and a Puritan, was the author of
a history of his family (Harl. MS. 1727,
fol. 336), under the title of Mundana
Mutabilia : Ethelestophylax. Extracts
from it were printed in the Preston
Guardian of 1 88 1, Feb. 5, 19, &c.

86 Robert Elston's son William died in
1664 without issue, and Robert's six
daughters in the same year sold the estate
to Paul Moreau of Knowsley, who settled
at Brockholes.

37 The vendor was Paul Moreau,
grandson of the purchaser in 1664. Paul
Moreau, James his son and Paul his
grandson, &c., were out-burgesses of the
guild of 1682 ; Preston Guild R. 191.

38 For pedigree see Fishwick, op. cit.
276. Thomas Winckley was son of
John Winckley, curate of Garstang

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

Petre in 1^75 ; from him it has come to his son, the
present owner, Mr. Oswald Henry Philip Turville-
Petre, of Husbands Bosworth. 39

HIGHER BROCKHOLES, now a farm-house,
stands on low ground near the Kibble below Red
Scar, the river here flowing in a south-easterly direc-
tion on the east side of the house, the front of which
faces south. It is a long, low, two-storied stuccoed
building very much modernized, but retaining for
the most part its grey slated roof and some portions
of its original timber framing. 40 The house, how-
ever, is architecturally uninteresting except for a
portion at the east end now disused, which is a good
example of ijth-century black and white work on a
low stone base, with overhanging upper floor and
gable. The work is simple in detail, consisting
mostly of the structural framework filled in with
straight and diagonal pieces and quatrefoils. A
carved oak panel bears the date 1643 and the initials
R E A, probably those of Robert Elston and Ann his
wife. The interior has been almost entirely moder-
nized, but contains old oak stairs and thick oak
doors. 41

The Singleton moiety 43 descended to William Sin-
gleton, who died in 1556 without legitimate issue. 43
A pedigree was recorded in i6i3. 44 The estate was
in i 564 sold to Sir John Southworth of Samlesbury, 45

and afterwards changed hands, being at last in 1696
acquired by the above-named Thomas Winckley. 46
The two moieties thus reunited have so continued to
the present time.

LOWER BROCKHOLES, now a farm-house,
stands in a low situation close to the bend of the
Ribble near Brockholes Bridge, facing east towards
Samlesbury. 47 It is a small two-story bu'lding of
no particular interest architecturally, having been very
much modernized and the exterior covered with rough-
cast. The windows are all modern, but the roof
retains its grey stone slates, and the north wing, which
has a separate gabled roof at right angles to that of
the rest of the house, preserves its old half-timber
construction above the ground floor, though much of
the timber has been renewed. There is a wide open
gabled porch of two stories projecting 9 ft. 6 in. and
measuring 8 ft. square inside, over the archway of
which is a stone dated 1634 with the initials and
arms of Francis Bindloss, the arms with helm, crest
and mantling, and a crescent for difference. The
interior is structurally uninteresting, but a small oak
staircase of good design with turned Jacobean balusters
still remains, and in one of the bedrooms is some oak
panelling forming a dado, on which is the inscrip-
tion, ' Quamlibet expectes horam tibi ducere mortem,
disce mori mundo Christoque resurgere spera, 1630.'

(1637) and of Broughton (1661); he
was registrar of the duchy Chancery
office. He died in 1710 and was
succeeded by his son John, who died in
I 7^>7f John's son Thomas left an only
daughter Frances, who married Sir John
Shelley, sixth baronet (d. 1852).

39 Mr. E. H. Petre died in 1902.

40 The timber construction shows
externally at the back.

41 Fishwick, op. cit. 298.

43 Nicholas Singleton, possessor in
the time of Henry VI, has been men-
tioned. There was an arbitration in
1474 between Alice widow of Nicholas
Singleton and the sons James (the
heir), John, Lawrence and Roger ; HH,
no. 1918. John Singleton of Brockholes
in 1485 granted all his lands to Sir
Alexander Hoghton, apparently as
trustee; ibid. no. 1902. In 14956
Robert Singleton, another son of Nicholas,
released all his claim to his brother John ;
no. 189$.

In 1487-8 James Singleton and
Thomas his son became bound to
Richard Singleton of Broughton, en-
gaging to make no alienation of the
inheritance of Nicholas, father of James,
so that it might descend to Richard the
son of James, except as to lands of 20
marks yearly, the dower of Agnes wife of
James and daughter of Richard Hoghton
of the Lawnd in Bowland. Richard was
to occupy the Bank in Broughton ;
Kuerden fol. MS. fol. 389.

Richard Singleton died in 1499, having
been married or betrothed as early as
1458, while his grandfather Nicholas was
living, to Elizabeth his wife, who survived
him. He held the moiety of the manor
of Brockholes of Sir Thomas West Lord
La Warre in socage and other lands in
Bolton-le-Sands, &c. Thomas his son
and heir was twenty-seven years of age ;
Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. iii, no. 52.
Thomas Singleton about two years later
made a feoffment of messuages and lands
in Brockholes called Rishmelfield, Gam-

ridding, a water-mill and a fishing, to
fulfil the marriage covenants of his sons
Robert and Henry with Anne and Aline,
daughters of John Singleton of Shingle
Hall ; Kuerden fol. MS. fol. 381.

Robert Singleton died in 1525, his wife
Anne having died before him, leaving a
son and heir William, only about two
years old. He held one moiety of the
manor of Brockholes and various lands,
&c., in the other moiety of Lord La
Warre, as of his manor of Manchester,
by knight's service. He also held a
burgage and land in Preston of the heir
of Adam Brockholes by the rent of three
grains of pepper, and other tenements in
Broughton, Barton, Ribchester, Whitting-
ham, Bolton-le-Sands, &c. ; Duchy of
Lane. Inq. p.m. vi, no. 64.

43 Ibid, x, no. I, in which his will is
recited as well as various family settle-
ments. To Mary his wife he allowed his
dwelling-house, a close called Gamridding,
with mill and fishing ; to Robert his
bastard son he gave certain closes and
his interest in the tithe of Brockholes.
Brockholes was held of Lord La Warre
by the seventeenth part of a knight's
fee and the rent of 4^. The heir was
his uncle Henry Singleton, chaplain,
aged fifty-five. From later depositions it
appears that Henry had been a friar.
For Robert Brockholes see Exch. Dep.
(Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.), 2.

44 Visit. (Chet. Soc.), Si.

45 An indenture concerning the manor
is enrolled in the Common Pleas, Mich.
3 & 4 Phil, and Mary. An account of
the disputes which followed William
Singleton's death will be found, with
copies of depositions, in Fishwick's
Preston, 94-6, 289-93. It appears that
the above Henry Singleton and his
nephew William son of Thomas Single-
ton of Bank Hall in Broughton sold the
estate to John Singleton of Ripley, who
in 1565 sold to Sir John Southworth.
John son of Henry Singleton in 1557
gave his life interest in the Eyes in

112

Brockholes to John Singleton of Ripley ;
Kuerden fol. MS. fol. 389, no. 399.
Fines relating to the settlements at the
same time are Pal. of Lane. Feet of F.
bdles. 17, m. 33, 80 ; 27, m. 171.

After the death of Sir John Southworth
in 1595 his estate in Brockholes, not
called a manor, was said to have been
held of the lord of Manchester by the
three-hundredth part of a knight's fee
and the rent of 4</. A free fishery in
the Ribble was included ; Duchy of Lane.
Inq. p.m. xvii, no. 3.

By Thomas Southworth (son of Sir
John) Brockholes was mortgaged and
then (1620) sold to Edmund Breres of
Preston, and sold again the next year
to Sir Robert Bindloss of Berwick Hall.
It descended to a grandson Francis and
then to his sister Dorothy wife of Sir
Charles Wheler, who in 1668 sold to
Paul Moreau, owner of Higher Brock-
holes, and John Walshman of Preston,
who divided the estate ; Preston Chron.,
May 1862. Fishwick (op. cit. 96) states
that Lower Brockholes was in 1682
the property of Hugh (John) Walshman,
who died in 1694.

48 The Walshman share was sold to
Winckley in 1696 and the Moreau share
in 1698. A full abstract of the title is in
Piccope MSS. (Chet. Lib.), iii, 292-310.

47 Lower Brockholes was formerly
reached from Preston by a roadway
known as Brockall Lane, which now
forms part of the high road from Preston
to Blackburn made in 1824. There was
a direct way between the two towns
previous to that date, but it was a mere
lane, and there was either no bridge or
a very primitive one across the river at
Lower Brockholes. When the road and
bridge were projected the landowners and
farmers petitioned Parliament to refuse
authority for its construction, their con-
tention being that if the new road were
made it would give Samlesbury farmers
the means of competing with them at
Preston ; Preston Guardian, 28 Dec. 1907.

GRIMSARGH AND BROCKHOLES : HIGHER BROCKHOLES

GRIMSARGH AND BROCKHOLES : LOWER BROCKHOLES

AMOUNDERNESS HUNDRED

Apart from the lords of the manor there are few
records of estates in the combined township, 48 and in
most cases the owners of them did not reside there.
A branch of the Hoghton family, however, was in the
1 7th century resident in Grimsargh, and in 1653
William Hoghton, a ' delinquent,' whose estate had
been ordered for sale by the Parliament, desired to
compound, but was too late. 49 William Elston and
William Hoghton in 1631 paid 10 each, having
refused knighthood. 50 Several estates of Grimsargh
' Papists ' were registered in 1 7 1 j. 61

In connexion with the Church of England a chapel
was erected at Grimsargh about 1716 by the efforts
of Samuel Peploe, vicar of Preston. 52 It was dedi-
cated to St. Michael. It was entirely rebuilt in
1868-9 by the Rev. John Cross, brother of the lord
of the manor. 53 It had a separate parish assigned to
it in i875. 84 The vicars are presented by the vicar
of Preston.

A Congregational mission was begun in 1903.

St. John's College, Grimsargh, is a private adven-
ture school for boys. 85

ELSTON

Etheliston, 1212; Echelyston, 1284; Echilston,
1285 ; Ethelston, 1297 ; Etheleston, 1301 ; Elston,
Elleston xv cent.

This township has an area of 961^- acres, 1 and in
1901 there was a population of 59. The Ribble
forms a large part of the boundary, and in a bend of
it there is some low-lying level ground, but the sur-
face in general is elevated, rising quickly till over
200 ft. above sea level is attained. There are woods

PRESTON

overlooking the river at the eastern end, and the
western boundary is formed by a small wooded clough.

The principal road runs south from the Preston and
Longridge road, through the middle of the township,
till it reaches the level tract mentioned ; here is the
hamlet of Elston.

The land is chiefly in pasture. The soil is clay,
loam and alluvial, with subsoil various.

The pipe line of the Manchester water supply from
Thirlmere passes through the township, and thence
through the Ribble into Samlesbury.

The Tnanor of ELSTON, assessed as
M4NOR one plough-land, appears to have been sepa-
rated from Grimsargh after the Conquest
and given to the lord of Penwortham. Warine
Bussel gave it with Heaton in Lonsdale to Hamon Ic
Boteler in free marriage, 2 and
Hamon appears to have given
it to the Knights of St. John
of Jerusalem, a gift ratified
by Albert Bussel. 3 The
knights gave it to William
son of Hamon, to be held
free of suit to their court of
Amounderness, but paying an
annual rent of 8j. and an
obit of 2 marks. 4 This free
rent, representing the lord-
ship of the Hospitallers, was
in 1613 acquired by the
Shireburnes of Stonyhurst. 5

The estate of William son of Hamon in Golborne 6
descended to the Hoghton family, but Elston went in

WALMSLEY. Gules
tn a chief ermine two
hurts.

48 Ellis de Knoll and Alice his wife
about 1290 granted Edmund Earl of
Lancaster a piece of land in Grimsargh
lying on the east side of his park of
Hyde ; Great Coucher, i, fol. 62, no. 13.
Matthew de Huyton (? Heaton) and
Maud his wife in 1323-4 claimed land
in Grimsargh against Alice the widow
and Adam the son of Ellis de Knoll ;
Assize R. 425, m. 5 d.

In 1351 Roger de Blackburn acquired
a messuage and land in Grimsargh from
John son of Ralph de Freckleton and
Maud his wife ; Final Cone, ii, 131.

William Pole and Margery his wife in
1378 held two messuages with land and rent
in Grimsargh, Brockholes and Preston ;
ibid, iii, 5. Their tenant Richard de
Smewes was perhaps the Richard who
occurred as defendant in July 1351; Duchy
of Lane. Assize R. I, m. 5.

William Pole was in 1398-9 accused
of felling and carrying away certain trees
belonging to Nicholas de Brockholes ;
Add. MS. 32107, no. 1020. Later
(1454-5) an agreement was made between
John Pole and John son of Roger Elston
as to the bounds of their lands in Brock-
holes ; Kuerden MSS. vi, fol. 74.

John Singleton in 1530 held land in
Grimsargh of Sir Richard Hoghton in
socage ; Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. vi,
no. 32. In 1541 Gabriel Hesketh pur-
chased from another John Singleton lands
in Claughton and Grimsargh ; Pal. of
Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 12, m. 60. Bar-
tholomew Hesketh of Rufford made a
purchase in 1536-7 ; Pal. of Lane. Plea
R. 162, m. 15. George Hesketh of
Poulton died in 1571 holding land in
Grimsargh of Thomas Hoghton by a
rent of q.d. ; Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m.

xiii, no. 15. See also Lanes. Inq. p.m.
(Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.), iii, 363.

Evan Browne of Ribbleton in 1545
held land in Grimsargh of Richard
Hoghton by a rent of zod. ; Duchy of
Lane. Inq. p.m. vii, no. 24. Thomas
Brockholes in 1567 also held land there
of Thomas Hoghton ; ibid, xi, no. 6.

The Gerards of Brynn had land in
Grimsargh said to be held of the king in
thegnage by a rent of zd. in 1537 ; ibid,
viii, no. 29, 13. William Pemberton in
1575 purchased a messuage and land
there from Sir Thomas Gerard ; Pal.
of Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 37, m. 154.
Richard Pemberton died in 1619 holding
of Sir Richard Hoghton by a rent of 6d. ;
Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and
Ches.), ii, 224.

Thomas Asshaw in 1564 purchased a
tenement there from the Earl of Derby ;
Pal. of Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 26, m.
152. This was perhaps the messuage
held in 1627 by Sir John Radcliffe of
Ordsall, the tenure not being stated in
Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. xxv, no. 6.

Thomas Shireburne of Heysham held
land in Grimsargh of Hoghton in 1635 ;
Towneley MS. 8,13 (Chet. Lib.), 1083.

49 Royalist Comp. Papers (Rec. Soc.
Lanes, and Ches.), iii, 301 ; Index of
Royalists (Index Soc.), 42. See also Fish-
wick, Preston, 361.

Two husbandmen of Grimsargh,
Thomas and John Cosson, being ' sus-
pected of popery,' were in 1653 summoned
before the committee for compounding.
They did not appear, and the two-thirds
of their estates were sequestered ; Cal.
Com. for Comp. i, 656.

40 Misc. (Rec. Soc. Lane*, and Ches.),

1, 221.

41 Estcourt and Payne, Engl. Cath.
Nonjurors, 95, 1367. Their names were
Paul Charnley, John Coseney, Robert
Hummer, Richard Fishwick, George
Clarkson, James Rogerson, Gilbert Slater
and Thomas Slater.

52 Gastrcll, Notitia (Chet. Soc.), ii,
470. It was consecrated in 1726.

53 T. C. Smith, Longridge, 210-14 ;
notices of curates in charge and vicars are
given, with a view of the church. See also
Hewitson, Our Country Churches, 85-8.

A ' Capellanus de Brockholes ' attested
an agreement in 1253, but the place-
name may be the surname only ; Harl.
MS. 21 1 2, fol. 65/107.

54 Land. Gaz. 14 May 1875.

55 T. C. Smith, Longridge, 216. The
place was formerly known as The Her-
mitage, the residence of a family named
Chadwick.

1 959 acres, according to the Census
Rep. 1901, including 30 of inland water.

* Lanes. Inq. and Extents (Rec. Soc.
Lanes, and Ches.), i, 30.

3 Ibid. Elston (30 acres) was confirmed
to the Hospitallers by Henry II and
Richard I (1189) ; Cartae Antiquae T 39
and RRi7 (noted by Mr. R. Gladstone,
jun.). It is named among their lands in
1292 ; Plac. de Quo Warr. (Rec. Com.),

4 Lanes. Inq. and Extents, loc. cit. from
Kuerden MSS. v, fol. 82*.

5 Elston is named among Hospitallers'
lands granted in 1611 to George Whit-
more and others ; Pat. 9 Jas. I, pt. xxvii.
It was sold to Richard Shireburne of
Stonyhurst in 1613 ; Kuerden MSS. ii,
fol. 132. It is named in an inquisition ;
Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. xxvi, no. 4.

6 Lanes. Inq. and Extents, i, 74.

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

a different way, as the Hoghton holding there appear;
to have been acquired by purchase, 7 and was after-
wards said to be held of the Crown in socage by
a rent of i8^. s Several families, possibly younger
branches, 9 assumed Elston as a surname, one of them
of long continuance in the neighbouring township of
Brockholes. The immediate lordship seems to have
descended to one John de Elston, living in the
time of Edward III. 10 About a century later, in 1 446,
Sir Thomas Harrington and others purchased it from

Isabel and Joan, daughters and heirs of John Shaw. 11
On the partition of Sir James Harrington's lands in
1516 Elston fell to the share of his daughter Mar-
garet, 12 who married Christopher Hulton, and so it
descended to Asshaw 1S and Radcliffe of Ordsall. 14 In
1610-1 1 it was sold to Sir Thomas Walmesley, 15 and
after changing hands again was acquired by Thomas
Walmsley, 16 in whose family it remained till recently.
The present lord of the manor, it is stated, is
Mr. William Cross of Frensham, Surrey.

7 Alexander son of William de Elston
released to Adam de Hoghton his rights
in waters, mills, fisheries, &c., within the
vill, 2os. being paid, and William son of
Alexander de Elston confirmed to Adam
de Hoghton all his part of the mill, with
mill-stead, &c., for a rent of a pair of
white gloves ; Add. MS. 32106, no. 168,
132.

In 1301 Richard son of William son of
Warine de Elston gave Master Richard de
Hoghton all his right in Elston ; Dods.
MSS. cxlii, fol. 59. In the same year
Elston is named among the Hoghton
estates ; Final Cone. (Rec. Soc. Lanes,
and Ches.), i, 192.

Maud daughter of Paulin de Westacre,
as widow, released to Sir Adam de Hogh-
ton in 1330 all right in her father's lands
in Elston and her right of turbary in
Grimsargh for her life ; Add. MS. 32106,
no. 84, fol. 254. A Henry de Wedacre
was plaintiff respecting land in the town-
ship in 1285 ; Assize R. 1271, m. 12.

8 Sir Richard Hoghton in 1422 was
found to have held a messuage and 40
acres in Elston ; Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Chet.
Soc.), i, 146. See also Duchy of Lane.
Inq. p.m. xiv, no. 26, where the rent is
not stated.

9 William de Elston and Roger his
brother were stated in 1346 to hold four
plough-lands in Elston, &c., by knight's
service ; Inq. p.m. 20 Edw. Ill (2nd
nos.), no. 62. To a charter of 1349 the
following were witnesses : John de Elston,
William son of Roger de Elston, William
son of Paulin de Elston and Roger de
Elston; Towneley MS. HH, no. 1906.
John dc Elston of Elston, John de Elston
of Ribbleton and Roger de Elston attested
a charter of the year 1362 ; Piccope MSS.
(Chet. Lib.), iii, 27.

William son of Roger de Elston, Roger
his brother and William son of Paulin de
Elston occur together in 1355 ; Kuerden
fol. MS. fol. 50, B 8.

A deed of about 1280 names Roger son
of William de Elston and Paulin his
brother ; Kuerden MSS. iii, H 2. Henry
de Blackburn and Eve his wife (about
1302) granted their son John their right in
2oJ. rent due from William son of Paulin
de Elston; Add. MS. 32106, no. 309.
Christiana widow of Paulin de Elston and
William her son occur in 1 340 ; Kuerden
MSS. ii, fol. 256*.

The following pleadings show that the
partition between several Elston families
goes back some distance of time. In 1280
James de Elston claimed half a messuage
and oxgang of land against Robert de
Elston and Roger his brother ; William
de Elston was called to warrant ; De
Banco R. 36, m. 69 ; 42, m. 38. In
1284 James de Elston was non-suited in
a claim for land against Robert son of
William de Elston ; Assize R. 1268,
m. 12 d. It seems that James was the son
of a Roger de Elston ; Kuerden fol. MS.
(Chet. Lib.), 906, D 53.

William de Myr of Elston in 1282
sought a messuage and oxgang of land
against Robert de Elston, and the same
against Roger de Elston ; while Robert
son of William de Elston and Roger his
brother sought a small tenement against
John son of Agnes de Elston ; De Banco
R. 47, m. 32, 34 d. Robert de Elston
and Roger his brother attested a charter
c. 1284 ; Kuerden fol. MS. fol. 74.

Again in 1298 Cecily daughter of
Robert de Elston and her sisters Margery,
Elizabeth and Emma claimed goods to the
value of 12 from William son of Ralph,
Alice his wife and Roger de Elston ;
De Banco R. 124, m. 64.

10 The descent seems to be : William
de Elston s. Robert s. William -s.
John.

To William de Elston, 'his lord,' the
Alexander son of William son of Arthur
de Elston already mentioned granted land
in Elston; Had. MS. 2042, fol. 171.
He was probably the William called to
warrant in 1280.

Robert son of William de Elston has
been named as defendant in 1284-5. To
his son Richard in 1318 he granted all
his lands in Elston; Add. MS. 32106,
no. 164, fol. 271. The manor, however,
seems to have descended to another son
William, who in 1328 was defendant to
a claim put forward by Roger and Paulin,
sons of William de Elston and Roger son
of Roger ; Assize R. 1400, m. 233.

John de Elston was lord in 1337 ;
Kuerden fol. MS. fol. 150. He (as son
of William) was in that year one defen-
dant to a claim by William son of William
de Elston; Assize R. 1424, m. II. In
1346 Margery daughter of William son
of Richard de Ashley (of Whittingham)
claimed three messuages and a plough-land
in Elston in right of her mother Christiana,
daughter and heir of Nicholas the Clerk,
seised in the time of Edward I. The
defendants were Maud widow of William
de Elston and John the son of William ;
John said that the tenement was only one
messuage and 6 acres of land and that he
held jointly with Maud his wife ; De
Banco R. 342, m. 20 ; 345, m. 21 ; 348,
m. 304. The suit went on for some
years. At Pentecost, 1352, John de
Elston further defended his right by say-
ing that plaintiff's mother had released to
his grandfather Robert all her right in
Elston, but the charter was denied ; Duchy
of Lane. Assize R. 2, m. vij d. In the
end Margery lost her case ; ibid. 6, m. 7 d.

In 1346 John de Elston made a feoff-
ment of his manor of Elston with all its
buildings, homages, services, reliefs, &c. ;
Kuerden fol. MS. fol. in. He made an
exchange of lands in 1358, Roger de
Elston and William son of Paulin de
Elston being witnesses ; Add. MS. 32106,
no. 433.

In 1357 John de Elston purchased 10
acres in Elston from William de Dodhill
and Alice his wife; Final Cone, ii, 154.

114

In 1363 it was found that the tenement
of Joan wife of Gilbert the Tailor in
Elston, taken into the king's hands for
felony, was held of John de Elston the
elder by the rent of 9.1. e,d. ; Inq. p.m. 37
Edw. Ill (tst nos.), no. 23.

In 1369 there were two Johns, but the
John de Elston who attested a Ribbleton
charter granted by John de Elston the
younger was probably the lord of Elston ;
Add. MS. 32107, no. 2975. At the same
time a John son of William de Elston
complained that Alice widow of William
de Elston was causing waste in Elston ;
De Banco R. 433, m. 425 ; see also 447,
m. 189.

In the following year John de Elston
the elder made a settlement of lands in
Elston, Preston and Haighton ; Kuerden
MSS. iv, E 5.

It was perhaps his son who as Roger
son of John de Elston obtained land in
the township from William son of Robert
West of Elston in 1382-3 ; ibid. Roger
de Elston in 1395 purchased three mes-
suages, &c., from John de Shorrock the
younger and Agnes his wife ; Final Cone.
iii, 46. There was, however, a Roger de
Elston of Ribbleton and Brockholes.

11 Ibid. 112. The estate was described
as the manor of Elston, with messuages,
land and wood in Ribchester, Haighton
and Preston and the moiety of a mill in
Haighton. The purchasers were probably
trustees of Harrington of Wolfage.

Sir James Harrington of Brixworth, in
a deed dated at Elston, made a feoffment
of all his lands in Elston, Haighton,
Fishwick, Dinckley and Lancaster ; Add.
MS. 32106, no. 473. Isabel his widow
in 1498 made a release of the same ; ibid,
no. 830. 12 Norris D. (B.M.).

13 Land. Inq. p.m. (Chet. Soc.), ii,
171-2.

In 1552 Joan widow of Roger Asshaw
and daughter of Margaret, one of the
daughters and co-heirs of Sir James Har-
rington, gave her son Anthony an annuity
of 4 marks from her lands in Elston,
Haighton, Goosnargh, &c. ; Add. MS.
32105, fol. 214. At the same time she
made a general settlement ; ibid. fol. 213.

14 See the accounts of Heath Charnock
and Salford.

15 Pal. of Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 78,
no. 22 ; 77, no. i, 8.

16 Fishwick, Preston, 93.

In 1625 Robert Randolph leased to
Thomas Heneage the manor of Elston
and a messuage in Preston for five years ;
Cal. S. P. Dom. 1625-6, p. 49. See also
Lanes, and Ches. Rec. (Rec. Soc. Lanes,
and Ches.), ii, 247.

In 16523 the manor of Elston, with
messuages, windmill, tithes, &c., and a
free fishery in the Ribble were held by
John Box, Anne his wife, Thomas Ince,
Robert Charnock, esq., Thomas Harrison,
esq., Elizabeth his wife and Hester Char-
nock ; Pal. of Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 151,
m. 127,

AMOUNDERNESS HUNDRED

There are but few other details known regarding
estates in this township. 17 Henry Gregson paid J~io
in 1631, having declined knighthood. 173 Robert
Hothersall 18 and Henry Walmesley 19 had their
estates sequestered under the Commonwealth. Two
or three ' Papists' registered small estates in 17 ij. 20

Apart from Mr. Cross's land the principal holding
is that of the Goosnargh Hospital, comprising the
tenements called Marsh House (or Elston Hall),
Salisbury and Moorfields, in all about 220 acres. 21

John March's house in Elston was in 1672 licensed
for a Presbyterian meeting. 22

FISHWICK

Fiscuic, Dom. Bk. ; Fiswich, 1202; Fiskwic,
1203 ; Fyswic, c. 1220 ; Fischwic, "1 2 2 5 ; Fissewyk,
c. 1250; Fiswike, 1251; Fixwyk, 1297; Fisshe-
wyke, 1302 ; Phisick, xviii cent. This last shows
the local pronunciation.

This township extends from the south-east border
of Preston to the Ribble. A large part of the surface
is low-lying level ground in bends of the river, but in
the west and north the surface rises steeply and
irregularly, a height of about 1506. above sea level
being attained. The hall is in the eastern part of
the township, near the foot of the slope and at the
opening of a small clough. The Swillbrook was the
boundary between Fishwick and Preston ; it has now
disappeared. Frenchwood lies between it and the
Ribble, to the west of the road to Walton. The
area is 69 2 J acres, and the population in 1901 was
4,884.

The ancient highway from Preston to the south,

PRESTON

by way of Walton-le-Dale, passes through Fishwick,
and the bridge across the river there has long been
pre-eminently ' Ribble Bridge.' From the bridge a
minor road leads north-east towards the hall and
thence to Preston, while another road and footpath
lead west towards Avenham Park.

Dwelling-houses have spread over the border from
Preston, with which town Fishwick has been joined
for municipal and parliamentary purposes since the
Reform Acts. In 1894 the township ceased to exist,
being now part of the enlarged township of Preston. 1
The manor of F1SHWICK was in
MANOR 1066 a member of the Preston lordship
of Earl Tostig, and was assessed as one
plough-land. 2 Some time after the Conquest it was
given to the Forester of Lancaster, as part of his fee, 3
and descended in the same way 4 as the Gernet
moiety of Eccleston in Ley-
land, coming into the hands
of Richard Molyneux of Sefton
in I539- 5 The manor of
Fishwick and the lands, &c.,
in Fishwick, Ribbleton and
Brockholes were in 1 5 69
found to be held of the queen
in socage by fealty only 6 ;
and this statement of the
tenure was repeated later. 7

It does not appear that the
lords of the manor ever re-
sided there, and the chief

interest of the Molyneux possession arises from the
fact that in the 1 7th century the hall became the
centre of a Roman Catholic mission, 8 and it was

MOLYNKUX. Aur
a cross moline or.

Thomas Walmsley of Elston and his
sons Thomas and Richard were burgesses
at the Preston Guild of 1782 ; Abram,
Mem. of the Guilds, 104.

17 Sir Thomas Ashton (i 5 14) purchased
lands in Elston and Haighton from his
father-in-law Sir James Harrington, but
the tenure is not stated ; Duchy of Lane.
Inq. p.m. iv, no. 80.

Ralph Elston's capital messuage in
Brockholes was in 1557 described as 'in
the town of Elston' ; ibid, x, no. 3.

17 * Misc. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.),
i, 222.

18 His estate was sequestered for recu-
sancy. In 1650 he settled part on his
wife Katherine, who after his death sold
her interest, and the purchaser in 1654
desired an examination of his title ;
Royalist Comp. Papers (Rec. Soc. Lanes,
and Ches.), iii, 262.

19 Henry Walmsley, husbandman, was
in 1653 'suspected of popery,' and there-
fore summoned before the committee for
compounding. On his refusing to abjure
his religion, two-thirds of his estate was
sequestered ; Cal. Com. for Comp. i, 656.

20 Henry Cumaleach, son-in-law of
John Walmsley ; Alice and Anne Charn-
ley ; Estcourt and Payne, Eng. Cath. No*
jurors, 139, 104.

21 End. Char. Rep. (Kirkham, 1 904), 42,
123. Cal. S. P. Dom. 1672, p. 200.

1 Loc. Govt. Bd. Order 31607.

y.C.H. Lanes, i, 28 8 A.

3 Lanes. Inq. and Extents (Rec. Soc.
Lanes, and Ches.), i, 43, 121. In 1252
Roger Gernet held one plough-land in
chief of the king by service of the forest ;
he had all the land except i oxgang
and 60 acres, the moiety of a fishery in

the Ribble, and a mill worth 301. yearly ;
ibid, i, 187-8.

In 1225 an agreement was made
between William and Roger Gernet as
to the manor of Fishwick. It was held
in dower by Cecily widow apparently of
Benedict Gernet, father of Roger and
grandfather of William ; Farrer, Lanes.
Pipe R. 204, &c. Cecily married one
William known as the Villein, and Roger
warranted the manor to them, while
William Gernet renounced all claim to
it on behalf of himself and his heirs in
return for half a plough-land in Crophill.
Roger Gernet's lordship of Fishwick was
therefore undisputed ; Final Cone. (Rec.
Soc. Lanes, and Ches.), i, 46.

4 William de Dacre held Fishwick by
knight's service in 1297 ; at that time
the vill rendered js. Bd. to the Earl of
Lancaster ; Lanes. Inq. and Extents, i,
298, 289. From a return made in 1302
it would appear that the tenure had been
altered from forestry to knight's service ;
ibid, i, 317. The old service of master
forester was, however, recorded in 1 3 24,
Randle de Dacre being lord ; Dods. MSS.
cxxxi, fol. 41^. A further change was
made before 1458, when Sir Thomas
Dacre of Gillesland was found to have
held the manor of Fishwick of the king
as of his Duchy of Lancaster in socage
by the service of a grain of pepper ;
Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Chet. Soc.), ii, 65.

In 1324 the annual value of the estate
was returned as j i8j., made up thus :
A messuage with fruit and herbage, 2s. ;
60 acres arable, 301. ; 6 acres meadow,
6s. ; a fishery in the Ribble, 261. 8</. ; a
water-mill, 40*., and 8 oxgangs of land,
held by free tenants who paid 6s. Sd. for

each oxgang 53*. 4</. ; Inq. p.m. 18
Edw. II, no. 41. Sir William de Dacre
in 1358 complained that Robert son of
Henry de Kuerden and others had taken
hares and pheasants from his free warren
at Fishwick ; Assize R. 438, m. 7. The
clear value of the manor was stated as
10 marks in 1375 ; Inq. p.m. 49
Edw. Ill, pt. i, no. 39.

After the confiscation in 1461 thismanor
was granted for life to Eleanor widow of
Sir Randle Dacre in 1467 as compensa-
tion for dower ; Cal. Pat. 1467-77, p. 26.

Richard Fiennes Lord Dacre in 1486
held the manors of Fishwick and Eccles-
ton by knight's service ; Duchy of Lane.
Inq. p.m. iii, no. 58. His successor
Thomas Fiennes Lord Dacre in 1506
sold them to Edmund Dudley ; ibid, iv,
no. 21 ; Dep. Keeper's Rep. xl, App. 545.
From John Dudley the manors passed to
Sir Thomas Seymer in 1530 and to
Edward Elrington in 1538 ; Pal. of Lane.
Feet of F. bdle. u, m. 113, 16.

5 Ibid. bdle. 12, m. 15. The manor
is named in a Molyneux settlement of
1558 ; ibid. bdle. 20, m. 80.

6 Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. xiii, no. 35.

7 Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and
Ches.), iii, 390 ; Duchy of Lane. Inq.
p.m. xxvii, no. 59.

8 In 1586 Evan Banister, an 'old
priest,' was harboured by Jane Eyves of
Fishwick, widow ; Baines, Lanes, (ed.
Harland), i, 180, from Harl. MS. 360,
fol. 32. 'It is probable that the chapel
within the hall was regularly served before
Dom Bartholomew Gregory Hesketh
took charge of the mission in 1685 and
built the chapel there, wherein were
organs, bells, vestments and a pulpit, at

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

reported to the Government in 1717 that Lord
Molyneux had given the place to the English
Benedictines both as a mission station and an en-
dowment. 9 If the report was true proof was
wanting, and the manor was retained by the family
until the sale in 1729. It was purchased by Sir
Henry Hoghton in 1731, and from a later Sir Henry
in 1785 by William Shawe of Preston. 11 From him
it descended to Thomas Rigby Knowles, who died
in 1901, leaving an infant son. The estate is in
the hands of trustees. No courts have been held for
many years. The hall was parted from the manor,
and in 1731 sold to Thomas Astley of Preston, a
chief rent of 3*. 8</. being then payable to t^e

Forester of Myerscough. 1 * It was about 1760 pur-
chased by the above-named William Shawe.

Lists of the free tenants in the I3th and 1 4th
centuries have been preserved 13 ; their holdings were
no doubt the basis of the freehold estates of later
times, but no detailed account of them can be given.
Some of the families took the surname of Fishwick, 14
and other owners can be traced by the inquisitions
and other records. 14

The principal resident family was that of Eyves.
Robert del Eves of Fishwick in 1394 leased to Sir
Richard Hoghton his ' manor ' of Fishwick, from
which there were due rents of 6 $s. \d. to Dacre
and iu. to Langton. 16 In 1617 the hall was leased

deposed before the Commissioners of For-
feited Estates in 1718'; ]. Gillow in
Trans. Hist. Soc. (new ser.), xiii, 159.

Lanes, and CAes. Rec. (Rec. Soc.
Lanes, and Ches.), i, 173-4. The hall
was called Physick Hall. There is an
allusion to the estate in a letter from
Richard Hitchmough ; Payne, Engl. Cath.
Rec. 124.

10 Under the Private Act 2 Geo. II,
cap. 9.

11 Abstract of W. Shawe's title in the
possession of the Knowles Trustees.
The appointment of a gamekeeper by Sir
Henry Hoghton as lord of the manor in
1734 was printed in the Preston Guardian,
24 Apr. 1875.

For a pedigree showing the Shawe
descent see Fishwick's Preston, 343.

13 Piccope MSS. (Chet. Lib.), iii, 242.
For an account of die Astleys see Fish-
wick, op. cit. 308.

13 Lanes. Inq. and Extents, i, 1789,
dated 124751, and showing the aliena-
tions made, the rents due and the por-
tions of a knight's fee for which service
was to be rendered. The land amounted
to I oxgang and 5 8 acres and the rents to
151. zd., as follows :

Roger the Clerk of Fishwick, i oxgang
of land and 3 acres, paying 6s. 8J., and
being ordered to render the service due for
the twentieth part of a fee.

Baldwin de Preston, the moiety of mill
and 20 acres of land and wood, 35. zd.
and one-fortieth.

John son of John, 6 acres, 2s. and one-
fiftieth.

Heirs of Roger del Ridding, 22 acres,
is. 6d. and one-fiftieth.

William Watchet, 4 acres ; 6d.

William son of Richard, 3 acres ; q.d.

Benedict Gernet gave an assart to
Robert his clerk, son of Ralph de Preston,
a rent of 6d. being payable ; Kuerden
MSS. ii, fol. 227*.

The above-named Baldwin de Preston
died in 1251 holding in Fishwick an
assart, called Dustescahe, of 18 acres each
worth 4-d. a year, also the moiety of a mill
worth 31.5 he rendered 31. zd. to the
king. His heir was his son Henry, aged
seventeen ; Lanes. Inq. and Extents, i,
183, 192.

The tenancies of 1346 (corrected by

the sheriff's compotus of 1348) were :

Messuage Acres Rent

s. d.

Alan del Moor . . . i 22 70
William de Fishwick . i 6 08
Adam son of Simon . i 6 20
Geoffrey de Hackinsall J 4^ 07^
Beatrice del Ridding . 4 \ 07^
Thomas del Ridding .1 9 13
Adam de Bury ... 4 09
Lawrence Travers . . 14 25

The summary in the record states that
'they hold 70 acres by being Serjeants of the
forests of Lonsdale, Amounderness and
[West] Derbyshire, rendering 1 5.5. q.d. and
relief ; Survey of 1346 (Chet. Soc.),
48.

Comparing the lists it seems that Alan
del Moor represents Roger the Clerk and
William son of Richard; William de Fish-
wick, William Watchet (2 acres and zd.
rent being added) ; Adam son of Simon,
John son of John ; Adam de Bury and
Lawrence Travers, Baldwin de Preston ;
and the other three the heirs of Roger del
Ridding.

In 1326 Adam de Bury granted mes-
suages, &c., in Preston, Fishwick and
Ashton to Peter de Risley and Maud his
wife, with remainders to Maud's sisters
and to Richard the brother of Adam ;
Final Cone, ii, 63. William de Beconsaw
in 1372 purchased a messuage and land
in Preston and Fishwick from Robert son
of Robert son of Richard de Bury ; ibid,
ii, 184.

Christiana del Ridding gave land in the
Ridding to her son Adam ; Kuerden MSS.
ii, fol. zz6b. In the time of Richard II
and Henry IV these lands were sold to
the Waltons of Preston ; ibid. From one
of the deeds it appears that Ridding Field
was near Fishwick Brook.

14 A charter of 1279 shows that Adam
Woderowe and his wife Amabel (daughter
of Roger de Fishwick) pledged land in
Fishwick field in return for 151. lent
them in their need by Roger son of Roger
son of Alan de Fishwick ; Add. MS.
32106, no. 398. Alexander Woderowe
of Preston gave land of his mother's
in Fishwick to Adam Lussell, clerk ;
Kuerden MSS. ii, fol. 227^.

Simon de Fishwick was in 1284 non-
suited in a claim against Benedict Gernet
concerning land in Fishwick ; Assize R.
1268, m. 12 d. Adam son of Simon de
Fishwick in 1314-15 gave lands in Fish-
wick and Brockholes to his son Simon,
who had married Maud daughter of
Thomas son of David de Kirkham ;
Towneley MS. DD, no. 714. The same
Adam in 131112 gave land in Westfield,
next the demesne, to Robert son of Auger;
Kuerden MSS. ii, fol. zz6b. In 1319-20
Adam son of Robert son of Auger de
Fishwick gave land in the Westfield, lying
between lands of the lord of Fishwick, to
Richard son of Dobin and Cecily his wife ;
ibid. fol. zzjb. This land seems after-
wards (c. 1400) to have been the property
of John Lussell of Preston ; ibid.

By a charter dated ' 5 Edw.' Roger
son of Roger son of John de Fishwick
granted a messuage and land in the vill of
Fishwick to Richard son of Roger de
Fishwick ; Add. MS. 32106, no. 95 (fol.

116

257). William son of Richard de Fish-
wick was a witness.

Maud widow of Roger son of Roger
son of John de Fishwick in 1312-13 gave
Richard son of Roger de Fishwick all the
land she held in dower ; Kuerden, loc.
cit. Roger son of John de Fishwick was
a witness.

An Adam Fishwick was tenant of the
hall about 1550. After his death a claim
to it was put forward (1565) by Gregory
Fishwick, the holders being another Adam
Fishwick and Thurstan Southworth. The
depositions are printed by Fishwick, op.
cit. 299-306. Robert Fishwick claimed
land in 1551 ; Ducatus Lane. (Rec. Com.),
ii, 112.

15 Settlements of land in Fishwick were
made by Thomas Nixon and Joan his
wife in 1406 and 1410 ; the remainder
was to Sir James Harrington (apparently
the owner), who granted turbary on
Balderston Moss during the nonage of the
heir of William Balderston ; Add. MS.
32106, no. 967, 91 (fol. 256). Thomas
Nixon made a further purchase in 1416 ;
Final Cone, iii, 73.

A later Sir James Harrington died in
1497 holding lands in Fishwick by ser-
vices unknown ; Duchy of Lane. Inq.
p.m. iii, no. 40. They passed (by pur-
chase or inheritance) to his son-in-law Sir
Thomas Ashton of Ashton-under-Lyne,
who died in 1514 ; ibid, iv, no. 80. His
heir, Thomas Hoghton, held them in
1580 by services unknown, but in 1630
the lands in Fishwick were considered an
appurtenance of the manor of Lea ; ibid.
xiv, no. 26 ; xxvii, no. 13.

Sir Richard Hoghton was concerned in
a plea regarding a messuage, &c., in Fish-
wick in 1 544 ; Ducatus Lane, ii, 77. He
complained that Robert Ainsworth and
others had broken his close ; Pal. of
Lane. Writs Proton. 36 Hen. VIII.

William Walton of Preston died in
1559 holding 6 acres in Fishwick of Sir
Richard Molyneux in socage, by fealty
and suit of court ; ibid, xi, no. 27.
Richard Walton in 1569 held 1 6 acres of
the queen ; ibid, xiii, no. 26. In later
inquisitions the tenure is not stated.

John Singleton in 1530 held lands in
Fishwick of the heir of Lord Dacre ;
ibid, vi, no. 32. A like statement is
made in other inquisitions of the
family.

Thomas Clayton in 1591 held land of
Sir Richard Molyneux ; ibid, xv, no. 3.

The tenure of Richard Walmsley's
lands here in 1609 was unknown ; Lanes.
Inq. p.m. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.), i,
149.

16 Add. MS. 32106, no. 90 (fol. 255).
Eyves perhaps Ees was a place in the
township ; Ducatus Lane, i, 238.

AMOUNDERNESS HUNDRED

PRESTON

E Y v E s . Sable a
che-ueron between three
crosslets argent.

to Ralph Eyves and became the family dwelling.' 7
The family being recusants and Royalists quickly felt
the displeasure of the Parlia-
ment on the outbreak of the
Civil War, and Richard
Eyves's estate was in 1643
sequestered for the combined
offences. 18 Richard Eyves
died in 1644, but his father
Ralph survived, and his estate
was under sequestration for
recusancy. 19 Thomas Eyves,
another of the family, had
two-thirds of his leasehold
estate sequestered for the same
reason ; he was eighty years
of age. 20 Another Thomas
Eyves, son of Richard, recorded a pedigree in 1665."

The estates of Richard Eyves, Richard Kellet and
Richard Sudell were sold under the Act of 1652."
James Melling, a recusant, in 1654 requested to be
allowed to compound for his sequestered estate. 13 In
1717 Alexander Hudson, linen weaver, registered a
small holding as a Papist.' " The estate called
Frenchwood, formerly owned by Thomas Starkie
(great-grandson of John Starkie of Huntroyde) and
Nicholas his son, was carried by the latter's daughter
and co-heir in 1815 to Colonel Henry Bence
Bence M of Thorington Hall, Suffolk, whose de-
scendant, Mr. P. Bence Trower, is the present
owner. 26

Roger the Clerk alienated 4 acres in Fishwick to
Sawley Abbey. 17

The tenants of the township had a right of turbary
on Penwortham Moss. 18

BROUGHTON

Broctun, Dom. Bk. ; Brocton, 1 200 ; Brecton,
1256 ; Brochton, 1261 ; Broucton, 1262 ; Broghton,
1292 ; Brogton, 1297.

Blundel Brook, running west, forms at first the
northern boundary of this township and then flows
across it. On the north bank stand the church and

Broughton House. Most of the area lies to the
south of the brook ; near the centre was the Tower,
with the hamlet of Sharoe adjacent, Durton or Urton
to the north-east and Fernyhalgh on the eastern
boundary. Lightfoot Green and Ingolhead are on
the west side. A small detached portion lay in
Woodplumpton, to which it was added about 1882.
The area measured 2,367 acres, 1 and in 1901 there
was a population of 6 1 6. The surface is compara-
tively flat, the heights above sea level ranging from
100 to 1 80 ft.

The principal road is that going north from
Preston ; it crosses Blundel Brook by a bridge, from
which a road goes eastward to Haighton, with a
branch turning south to Fulwood ; westward a road
goes to Cottam and Lea. The London and North-
Western Company's railway runs north through the
western end of the township.

The land is pasture ; the soil clayey, with varying
subsoil.

There is a parish council.

Remains of a number of ancient crosses are known
in the churchyard and elsewhere.* There are, or
were, some reputed holy wells. 3

In 1066 BROUGHTON, assessed
MANORS as one plough-land, formed part of
Earl Tostig's lordship of Preston or
Amounderness. 4 After the Conquest it appears to have
been held in thegnage, perhaps by the old lords and
their descendants. Between 1153 and 1 1 60 William
Count of Boulogne, son of King Stephen, confirmed to
Uctred son of Huck and his heirs 8 oxgangs of land
in Broughton by the service due, viz. 8/. a year. 5
Uctred and his family took their surname from Little
Singleton, which they held by serjeanty of the
wapentake of Amounderness. 6

Richard son of Uctred succeeded, but was ejected
by Theobald Walter, after whose forfeiture and death
King John detained the manor and it remained in
the hands of Henry III. The township during this
time gave an increased revenue to the Crown. 7 In
1261 Henry III, after inquiry, restored it as a matter
of right to William de Singleton, grandson of Richard,
who paid 3 marks of gold. 8 William had already in

17 Royalist Comp. Papers (Rec. Soc.
Lanes, and Ches.), ii, 280-1. For pedi-
gree sec Fishwick, op. cit. 332.

18 Royalist Comp. Papers, ii, 285. The
claim recorded was for an annuity of
10 from Over Hacking in Aughton
(Aighton).

19 Ibid, ii, 279-84. Ralph Eyves was
buried at Preston 30 Aug. 1653, aget
ninety-five ; Reg.

20 Royalist Comp. Papers, ii t 286.

21 Dugdale, Visit. (Chet. Soc.), 105.

** Index of Royalists (Index Soc.),
41-3.

Richard Kellet had lands also in Ribble-
ton (Braggar's tenement) and in Preston
(Knowle Hey), the latter by grant of
Richard Savage of Winnington, Staffs.
The estate was sequestered for the ' popery
and delinquency ' of Kcllei, who died
before 1652, when his daughter Mary
Knight petitioned for restoration, she
being 'conformable to the Church of
England ' ; Royalist Comp. Papers, iv, 39.

23 Cal. Com. for Comp. \, 3193.

24 Estcourt and Payne, Eng. Cath. Non-
jurors, 94.

25 Burke, Commoners, i, 651-3.

26 Information of Mr. Trower. The

other daughter of Nicholas Starkie
married Bacon.

17 Pal. of Lane. Chan. Misc. i, 12
(1389 and 1395). The gift was probably
void. * 8 Fishwick, op. cit. 101.

1 The Census Rep. 1901 gives 2,357
acres ; the difference is probably accounted
for by the detached portion within Wood-
plumpton.

* Lanes, and Ches. Antiq. Soc. xx, 1 74-6.
Some have disappeared; those enumerated
are the churchyard cross (steps remain),
Daniel's Cross and Duxen Dean Cross
on the northern boundary (base of latter re-
mains), Durton Lane (now destroyed) and
Durton Green Crosses, and Fernyhalgh.

8 Ibid. ; near Broughton Church and
at Fernyhalgh.

4 V.C.E. Lanes, i, 288*.

5 Farrer, Lanes. Pipe R. 430. Uctred's
' antecessores ' had held Broughton, ap-
parently by the same service. His father
may be Huck the reeve, living 116070 ;
Lanes. Inq. and Extents (Rec. Soc. Lanes,
and Ches.), i, 47.

Uctred son of Huck also had land in
Stainall ; ibid. He is mentioned in the
Pipe Rolls of 1171-7; Farrer, op. cit.
24, &c.

117

6 Lanes. Inq. and Extents, i, 52.

7 Farrer, op. cit. 131;' the increase
of rent from Broughton for the whole
year 511. 8d.'

8 The story is told Lanes. Inq. and Ex-
tents, i, 192, 226-7. King Henry had
given the manor for life to Master William
the queen's Sauser (Salsarius). The
manor was not liable to tallage.

In 1194-5 Theobald Walter sued
Richard son of Uctred and Robert his
brother for the whole town of Broughton,
one plough-land, as part of his demesne,
having been held by the king or his
father in demesne. Richard said in reply
that the moiety of the town was of his
own demesne, held of the said Theobald
by certain services which he was ready to
perform. Robert had the other moiety ;
Coram Rege R. 5, m. 2 d.

William the Sauser received Broughton
from the king in 1244 ; he had 8 marks
of silver ' of his farm ' from William de
Singleton in 1261 ; Dods. MSS. cxlix,
fol. 50.

Richard and Robert, sons of Uctred,
seem to have succeeded their father as
early as 1185 ; Farrer, op. cit. 56. In
1205 Richard son of Uctred proffered

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

1256 acquired land in Broughton from Geoffrey the
Cook, 9 and in 1262 he warranted to Alan de Singleton
a moiety of Broughton. 10

William and his son Alan died before 1292, when
Alan's son Thomas was in possession and engaged in
various disputes. 11 Soon afterwards Broughton and
the other estates of the family are found in the
possession of Joan wife of Thomas Banastre of
Bretherton, she being the sister and heir of Thomas
de Singleton. Thomas died in 1299 or 1300, Joan
claiming dower in the latter year. 12 As a widow in
1303 she made a settlement of the manor of Little
Singleton and various lands in Thornton, Broughton,
Dilworth and Bilsborrow, the remainders being

to William Banastre and Adam his brother." From
the account already given of Bretherton in the parish
of Croston it will be seen that William was the son
of Joan and Thomas. Broughton descended in the
same way as Bretherton, 14 and in the i6th century
the Earl of Derby held the manor, 15 though the
other heirs of Balderston had estates in Broughton. 16
This principal manor of Broughton then disappears
from the records.

What in later times was called the manor was
the estate of BROUGHTON TOWER, held by a
branch of the Singleton family. There are but
fragmentary notices of them. 17 James Singleton of
Broughton and Robert his son occur in a feoffment

5 marks for having his scrjeanty (of
Amounderncss and Blackburn), which had
been taken into the king's hands ; ibid.
204. In 1208 he proffered 10 marks for
the restoration of the plough-land in
Broughton ; Abbrev. Plac. (Rec. Com.),
58.

Richard died in or before 1211, when
his son Alan proffered 20 marks for livery
of his father's estates in Singleton and
Broughton, and for confirmation of his
office of bailiff of Amounderness ; Farrer,
op. cit. 237-8. In 1 21 2 Alan is found
in possession of his serjeanties of Amoun-
derness and Blackburn ; but Broughton
was in the king's hands, rendering 6
marks yearly ; Lanes. Inq. and Extents, i,
52, 134. He also held Bilsborrow in
1226, and portions of Freckleton and
Whittingham in 1242 ; ibid, i, 140, 152.
He died in 1244 holding these offices and
lands, and leaving a son William who
was the heir; ibid, i, 158, 160.

In 1245 Alice widow of Alan de
Singleton came to an agreement with
William de Singleton as to dower ; Final
Cone. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.), i, 92.
She was marriageable in 1246, and the
king had granted her marriage to William
de Lancaster ; Assize R. 404, m. 22.

Alan had perhaps a brother John, for

tohn son of Richard de Singleton in 1261
eld 2 oxgangs of land ; Lanes. Inq. and
Extents, i, 228. Alan had a second son
named Richard, who perhaps became a
canon of Cockersand ; Final Cone, i, 103,
150. The family were benefactors of
this house ; see Cockersand Chartul. (Chet.
Soc.), i, 225-8, 264-5.

9 Final Cone, i, 119; concerning 40
acres of land.

10 Ibid, i, 141. Thirty acres were ex-
cepted, and these William warranted to
Thomas de Singleton at the same time.
The plaintiff was Hugh son of Richard
de Stapleford. From other sources it is
known that Alan was the son and heir of
William ; probably Thomas was another
son. William son of Alan de Singleton,
with the consent of Alan his heir, gave
land in Bilsborrow to Cockersand Abbey;
Ctckersand Chartul. i, 268.

In 1297 thevill of Broughton rendered
81. to the Earl of Lancaster, and the
tenants paid a further io*. for having
common in the forest of Fulwood ; Lanes.
Inq. and Extents, i, 289.

" Katherine widow of Alan de Singleton
was in 1292 the wife of Thomas de
Clifton, and claimed dower in lands in
Broughton. One parcel had been granted
to Master Robert de Singleton by William
the father of Alan, and Alan had added
some land in Whittingham ; it was
ordered that Master Robert should hold
hit land in peace, while Katherine should

have an equivalent from the lands of
Thomas the son of Alan ; Assize R. 408,
m. 23. A similar decision in her favour
was given as to land held by Thomas son
of Thomas de Singleton ; ibid. In two
other claims also Thomas the son and
heir of Alan warranted the defendants
Nicholas son of Alan de Singleton and
William de Singleton and rendered dower
to Katherine from his own land ; ibid.
m. 3 1 d.

At the same time William de Earlsgate
was non-suited in claims against Thomas
de Clifton and Katherine his wife, and
against Nicholas son of Alan de Single-
ton ; ibid. m. 76. This Nicholas again
appears in 1295 ; De Banco R. 109,
m. 70.

13 Compare De Banco R. 127, m.
119 d. ; 131, m. 1 06 d.

18 Final Cone, i, 201. The descent is
thus recorded in pleadings of 1334:
Alan -s. William -s. Alan -s. Thomas
-sister Joan, who married Thomas Banastre
-s. William -*. Adam ; Coram Rege R.
297, m. 27.

William son of Ellen de Broughton in
1308-9 released all actions, &c., to Sir
William Banastre ; Dods. MSS. cxlix,
fol. 45*.

14 Adam son of William Banastre in
1324 held the manor of Broughton by
the service of 8*., and had pasture in
Fulwood for the cattle of his tenants
(except in time of pannage) by paying
i CM. ; Dods. MSS. cxxxi, fol. 39^.

In 1334 it appeared that the king had
demanded a payment of 4 a year from
the men of Broughton ; Coram Rege R.
297, Rex m. 19 d. This probably referred
to the right of pasture in Fulwood, for
which los. was paid. The men of
Broughton appear to have exceeded their
rights, and in 1336 were fined 13 6s. %d.
for all transgressions ; Whalley Couch.
(Chet. Soc.), ii, 373-4.

Thomas son of Adam Banastre held the
town of Broughton, viz. one plough-land,
in 1346, by the tenth part of a knight's
fee and a rent of lot. ; Survey of 1346
(Chet. Soc.), 50.

Lands in Dilworth, Broughton, Whit-
tingham, Preston and Goosnargh were
held by Edward Banastre in 1382, and
inherited by his daughter Constance ;
Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Chet. Soc.), i, 1 6.

In 1445-6 Richard de Balderston held
Broughton by the tenth part of a knight's
fee; Duchy of Lane. Knights' Fees, bdle. 2,
no. 20.

15 Broughton was included in the for-
feited Harrington lands given to Thomas
Earl of Derby in 1489 ; Pat. 4 Hen. VII.
In 1513 it was stated that Thomas, late
Earl of Derby, William Knowles, clerk,
and others (apparently trustees) held the

118

manor of Broughton of the king in socage
by the rent of 8j. ; Duchy of Lane. Inq.
p.m. iii, no. 15. On the partition made
in 1564 the manor of Broughton was
assigned to Edward Earl of Derby ; Pal.
of Lane. Plea R. 216, m. 10.

16 See the inquisitions of Edmund
Dudley (1509), Thomas Radcliffe of
Winmarleigh (1521) and his successors,
and Alexander Osbaldeston (1544). The
Balderston manors, &c., are grouped
together, without any statement of the
separate tenures.

17 Adam de Singleton occurs 1254 to
1286; Lanes. Inq. and Extents, i, 192, 264.

Gilbert de Singleton died in or before
1326 holding lands in Broughton of Adam
son of Sir William Banastre by the service
of a rose and id. yearly. There was a
messuage there, 50 acres of arable land
worth Sd. a year each, a horse-mill (fallen
down) worth only 101. a year, a windmill
(broken) worth the same, a little close
called the Fernyhalgh worth zs. Tenants
at will held 47 acres of arable land paying
6d. an acre ; and 3 acres of meadow ren-
dered u. each. Gilbert had lands also in
Freckleton, Warton and Great Plumpton.
His son and heir Thomas was twenty-six
years old ; Chan. Inq. p.m. 19 Edw. II,
no. 67. Thomas in 1335 claimed the
family manors against John son of Thomas
Banastre as son and heir of Gilbert son of
Alan de Singleton ; De Banco R. 301,
m. 42.

Thomas de Singleton was living in
1 346, when he was called to warrant John
son of Gilbert de Singleton ; De Banco
R. 346, m. ii ; 347, m. 148 d. John
seems to have had a son Thomas ; ibid.
348, m. 427. Thomas son of Gilbert
de Singleton had licence for his oratory at
Broughton in 1349 ; Gillow, Haydock
Papers 57. The same Thomas was a
plaintiff in 1351 ; Duchy of Lane. Assize
R. i, m. iiii d.

Adam de Singleton in 1348 granted to
Robert his son and Joan his wife and
their heirs all the lands which Alice widow
of John de Singleton and mother of the
grantor had allowed Robert and Joan and
a part of Threpmeadow. The remainders
were to Nicholas the brother of Robert,
to Robert and Thomas, grantor's brothers.
Among the witnesses were Thomas son
of Gilbert de Singleton and Richard de
Singleton ; Kuerden fol. MS. fol. 387.
The seal shows a cheveron between three
roundels, with the legend -\- SIGIL. ADE DE
SINGLETON. A Thomas son of Nicholas
de Singleton occurs in 1396-7 ; ibid,
fol. 191. Robert Singleton of Broughton
occurs in 1422 ; ibid. fol. 383.

Sir Thomas Banastre in 1372 granted
Robert son of Adam de Singleton and
Alice his wife the lands, mills, &c., which

AMOUNDERNESS HUNDRED

of I47I. 18 Robert Singleton died in August 1501
holding the manor of Broughton with lands, &c., in
Broughton, Sharoe, Durton and Fernyhalgh ; Joan
his wife died in the following January, and Richard
the son and heir succeeded, being twenty-five years
of age. 19 He died in September 1504, leaving as
heir a son John, aged seven. 20 The manor of
Broughton was in 1513 stated to be held of the Earl
of Derby and others as of their manor of Balderston
by the yearly rent of id. 21 John Singleton died in
1522 and his uncle Thomas succeeded, 22 holding the
manor till his death in or before 1535, when Robert
his son was found to be his heir. 23 In 1557 Robert
was succeeded by his son Richard, the manor and
lands in Broughton being held of the king and queen

PRESTON

by the tenth part of a knight's fee. 24 Richard and
Robert his son both died in the course of the same
year 1557, and then Edward Singleton, brother of
Robert the grandfather, inherited ; he was forty -six
years of age. 25 He died in 1567, leaving a son and
heir Thomas, only seven years of age. 26

Thomas Singleton adhering to the Roman Catholic
religion was punished for his recusancy, and his son
Edward likewise. 27 The father and son joined in a
settlement of the manor in i6oo, 28 while Edward
seems to have been in possession in 1 604 29 and
another Thomas Singleton, his son, in i6o9. 30 The
manor was sold by Thomas Singleton and other
members of the family to Roger Langton in l6l5. 31
It descended in this family till 1732, when William

had been held for life by Robert de Single-
ton the elder in Broughton and Whit-
tingham, with the reversion of certain
other lands held by Pernell the grantor's
mother in dower ; Dods. MSS. cxlix,
fol. 47 b.

Nicholas de Singleton the younger in
1377 secured lands in Broughton from
John son of Adam Singleton of (Light)-
worlchouses ; Final Cone, iii, I.

Nicholas son of Gilbert de Singleton
had restored to him in 1405 various lands
in Dilworth, Bilsborrow, Whittingham,
Broughton and Thornton and part of the
manor of Little Singleton, formerly the
possessions of Sir Alan de Singleton,
Nicholas being his next of kin and heir ;
Dods. MSS. cxlix, fol. 38*, 39. Another
Nicholas (son and heir of Thomas) appears
in 1449, being described as 'of Warton ' ;
Pal. of Lane. Plea R. 12, m. 4^.
Nicholas Singleton of Broughton and
Margaret his wife occur in 1454; Kuerden
MSS. iv, B 34.

The Preston Guild Rolls give many
particulars of the families. Thus in 1397
Thomas son of Nicholas de Singleton was
admitted to the freedom, paying 405.; and
in 1459 Nicholas Singleton of Brockholes
and Richard his brother were among those
enrolled by hereditary right ; Preston
Guild R. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.), 6,
n. In the latter year James Singleton
of Broughton, William and Brian his
sons and James the son of William were
also enrolled ; ibid. I z.

William Singleton of Broughton had
land called Fernyhalgh in 1483 ; the
remainder was to Robert Singleton ; Add.
MS. 3ZI07, no. 765. William Singleton
died in 1490, leaving a son and heir
Robert, aged thirty-eight ; Towneley MS.
CC (Chet. Lib.), no. 582. Robert and
John Singleton were in the same year
ordered to give reasonable dower to Agnes
widow of William ; Pal. of Lane. Writs
Proton, file 5 Hen. VII ; Plea R. 70,
m. 9. John Singleton was also son of
William, and founder of the Chingle Hall
family ; see Whittingham.

Agnes, the widow of William, died in
or before 1519, when her lands were
granted to Thomas Wrightington during
the minority of John Singleton the heir ;
Duchy of Lane. Misc. Bks. xxii, 47 d.

There was another Singleton family
holding lands in Chipping parish and also
in Broughton Row and Ingol, which
descended to Leyland and Tyldesley of
Morleys in the parish of Leigh. In 1564
Thomas Leyland was found to have held
his lands in Broughton and Ingol of the
heirs of Richard Balderston by id. rent,
and in 1587 Edward Tyldesley held them
by the same rent of Henry Earl of Derby ;

Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. xi, no. 20 ;
xiv, no. 10.

18 Towneley MS. HH, no. 1524.

19 Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. iii, no.
59, 63. Lands in Broughton had been
held for life by Margaret widow of Nicholas
Singleton and Agnes widow of William
Singleton. One Thomas Singleton had
land in Fernyhalgh. Joan wife of Robert
was one of the daughters of Edmund
Lawrence ; William, Henry and Thomas,
younger sons of Robert and Joan, are
named. The tenure of the manor of
Broughton was (erroneously) said to be
by the twentieth part of a knight's fee of
the king as Earl of Lincoln, a rent of
6s. 8</. being paid. There was probably
a confusion with the tenure of
Warton.

See Dep. Keeper's Rep. xi, App. 542-3.

* Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. iv, no. 70.
There was a younger son Richard. Jane
the widow married Arthur Standish, who
after her death (1513) continued to take
the profits of the manor, &c. This led to
disputes with the heir ; see Fishwick,
Preston, 251-3, where the depositions are
printed.

J1 Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. iii, no. 15.
This was a traverse of former inquisitions,
and corrects the tenure previously recorded.

In 1 508 a certain Robert Singleton
and Margaret his wife, widow of William
Balderston, had an estate in Broughton ;
ibid, iv, no. 13.

M Ibid, v, no. 45. The disposition of
the estates made by John Singleton is
recited in full. It provided for 80 marks
to advance the marriage of his sister
Elizabeth and 20 to be distributed in
deeds of charity. The tenure of the
manor wag recorded as the tenth part of
a knight's fee.

23 Ibid, xxvi, no. 56. Henry Singleton,
brother of Thomas, was still living, hold-
ing a messuage in Sharoe and land in
Durton, given him for life by their father
Robert. Elizabeth widow of Henry
Singleton of Fernyhalgh is named in a
lease of 1594, in which Richard son of
William Singleton of Killinsough is also
named ; Piccope MSS. (Chet. Lib.), xiv,
68.

34 Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. x, no. 29.
It recites the provision made for Richard
the son and his wife Joan daughter of
Thomas Cowell ; also for Brian brother
of Robert Singleton.

35 Ibid, x, no. 16.

William Singleton had an estate in
Broughton and Goosnargh in 1563 ; Pal.
of Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 25, m. 161.
The will of Anne widow of William
Singleton of Broughton (1565) is printed
in Wills (Chet. Soc. new ser.), iii, 132.

26 Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. xi, no. 17.

Edward Singleton granted to Andrew, a
younger son, three messuages in Broughton
for life and one in Lightworkhouses in
Broughton, and made provision for other
sons William, Richard and George. The
place-name Durton is given * alias Urton
alias Overtowne.'

It is possible that two of the song
became priests. Dr. William Singleton,
educated at Douay, was sent on the
English mission in 1590, but was arrested
and banished in 1606. He died in 1620
at Liege. Richard Singleton entered the
English College at Rome in 1583, being
then seventeen years old ; he became 3
Jesuit and died in 1602, having petitioned
to be sent on the English mission. See
Foley, Records S. J. v, 997, 1008. An
undated return of the latter part of
Elizabeth's reign reports ' Mr. Single-
ton, a Jesuit, at Mr. Singleton's of
the Tower ' ; Gillow, Haydock Papers,
59, quoting S. P. Dom. Eliz. clxxxv,
85.

Thomas Singleton made a settlement
of the manor of Broughton and lands in
Broughton, Preston and Warton in 1586 ;
Pal. of Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 48, m.
295.

" 7 Fishwick, Preston, 257-8.

28 Piccope MSS. xiv, 68. A large
number of deeds relating to the estate
are given ibid. 67-75 ; they range from
1583 to 1810. Thomas Singleton,
Edward his son and Thomas son of
Edward were burgesses of the Guild of
1602 ; Preston Guild R. 55.

29 Piccope MSS. xiv, 67 ; a lease by
Edward Singleton of Broughton Tower
to Henry Birches of Cadeley of 4 acres
called Mowbank. From an agreement
of 1598 it appears that Edward married
Grace daughter of Thomas Bradley of
Arnside.

30 Named in Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Rec. Soc.
Lanes, and Ches.), i, 137. He was son
of Edward ; see pedigree in Fishwick, op.
cit. 254-5.

31 Pal. of Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 86,
m. 46. The deforciants were Thomas
Singleton, csq., Anne his wife, John
Massye, esq., Thomas Singleton of Scales,
Cuthbert, George and Thomas Singleton
and Grace Singleton, widow. The estate
was the manor of Broughton, with mes-
suages, windmill, dovecote, lands, &c., in
Broughton, Urton alias Durton, Ferny-
halgh, Fulwood, Haighton and Cadeley,
with certain small tithes.

Among the Roman Catholics killed
while fighting for the king in the Civil
War were Captain George Singleton,
Captain Thomas Singleton (Newbury)and
Lieutenant William Singleton (Marston

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

Langton bequeathed it to his sister Jane, 32 who in
1735 married Lawrence Rawstorne and it became her
husband's property, 33 descending by the issue of his
second marriage to his grandson Lawrence Rawstorne, 34
who sold the Broughton estate in 1 8 1 o. Broughton
Tower with part of the land was sold to James
Rothwell and has descended like Hoole ; the rest of
the land was purchased by the trustees of Kirkham
Grammar School. 35 The Tower was demolished
about 1800.

INGOLHEAD gave a surname to a family dwelling
there, 36 whose estate seems to have been acquired by
the Blundells of Preston. 37 Some of this land was
sold to William Hoghton in I49O. 38 There was
also a family of Singleton of Ingolhead. 39

BANK HALL, at one time owned by the Singletons
of Brockholes, 40 had a more interesting history. In
the I yth century it was held in moieties, one half
being in trust for the Roman Catholic missionary
priests of the district, for whom it served as a centre. 41

Moor) ; Challoner, quoting Castlemain,
Cath. Apology.

In 1666 William Singleton of St. Mar-
tin's-in-the-Fields, son and heir of John
Singleton of York (will 1644), and others
old to John Farnworth of Euxton and
Ralph Farnworth of Preston tenements
called Church House in Broughton,
Sharoe House, &c. ; Piccope, loc. cit. 69.

32 For deeds see ibid. ; for pedigree,
Fishwick, op. cit. 258-9. Roger Langton
died in 1644. His son William, Recorder
of Liverpool, was a member of the Presby-
terian Classis in 1646, and represented
Preston in Parliament from 1645 to
1653 ; Baines, Lanes, (ed. Harland), i,
228 ; Pink and Beaven, Parl. Repre. of
Lanes. 152. Dying in 1659 he was
succeeded by his son William, who in
1664 recorded a short pedigree ; Dugdale,
Visit. (Chet. Soc.), 173. In 1678, in
conjunction with Elizabeth his wife,
William Langton made provision for his
younger brothers, John, Richard, Roger,
&c. Jane, the father's widow, was living.
A messuage in Sharoe was sold which had
formerly been occupied by Henry Charn-
ley and Elizabeth his wife ; Piccope MSS.
xiv, 70.

William the younger died in 1680 and
his son Roger in 1714. This Roger,
described as of Chester, bequeathed all his
lands in Broughton and Durton to his cousin
William Langton of Liverpool, merchant.
He names his uncles Richard and Thomas,
also William Clayton, his partner in sugar
works; ibid. 74. In 1715 a settlement
of the manor of Broughton, &c., was
made by Richard Langton and William
his son and heir-apparent ; Pal. of Lane.
Feet of F. bdle. 273.

William Langton in 1732 bequeathed
the manor to his sister Jane, and she in
1733 made a new settlement of it, with
lands also in Broughton and Cheethamnear
Manchester, at the same time petitioning
the Lord Chancellor for protection from
the schemes of her niece Mary daughter
of Roger Langton and niece and heir-at-
law of the said William. She stated that
William Langton had in 1732 started for
Scarborough for the benefit of his health,
but died at Ripon, where he made his
will. Mary Langton was waiting till
Jane's death to dispute the will on pre-
text of unsound mind and defect of
evidence for its validity and to claim the
estate ; Piccope MSS. xiv, 712. In Mar.
1735 Jane Langton, spinster, acquired a
rent of 10 settled by William Langton
on Mary wife of Stephen Butcher ; Pal.
of Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 313, m. 35.

83 It appears that she was seventy
years of age at her marriage ; Fishwick,
op. cit. 260. Lawrence Rawstorne and
Agnes his wife had the manor in 1742 ;
Pal. of Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 326,
m. 143.

84 See the account of Hutton.

35 Piccope MSS. xiv, 75. Broughton
Tower and 102 acres of land were sold for

,11,500 to James Rothwell, who also
bought the small tithes, a private chapel
belonging to the estate, and the timber.
The rest of the estate was sold to the
school trustees for ,14,500.

36 Thomas son of Thomas de Ingolhead
granted to three of his children Edmund,
Helen and Joan 40 acres each in
Broughton ; Harl. MS. 2042, fol. 171.

Cecily widow of Thomas de Ingolhead
in 1310-11 claimed dower in Broughton
against Henry the Marler ; De Banco R.
184, m. 107. The heir was Richard son
of Thomas ; ibid. 192, m. 89 d.

Thomas de Hale and Maud his wife in
1352 claimed a messuage, &c., in
Broughton against William de Bolron,
Robert son of Adam de Singleton and
others. Maud was daughter of Joan
(daughter of Thomas) de Ingolhead by
her second husband Matthew de Abram ;
Duchy of Lane. Assize R. 2, m. vi.

37 Richard Blundell of Preston made a
feoffment of 40 acres in Broughton in
1395-6 ; Harl. MS. 2042, fol. 171.
The family continued to hold lands in
the township, and in 1 546 John son
of Richard Blundell granted William
Blundell a rent of 8j. %d. from Ingolhead
and Tulketh Bank; Harl. MS. 2112,
fol. 100/141.

88 Roger Blundell sold (as stated) his
messuages and lands in Ingolhead occupied
by Thomas Eccleston ; Add. MS. 32106,
no. 639. This was confirmed by John
son of William Blundell and cousin and
heir of Roger in 1492 ; ibid. no. 174.
Lands in Broughton are named in later
Hoghton inquisitions, but the tenure is
not recorded ; Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m.
xiv, no. 26, &c.

89 Richard Singleton of Ingolhead
occurs in 1380; Final Cone. Hi, 7. A
later Richard was burgess in the Guild of
1459, William Singleton and Thomas
his son in that of 1542, Thomas
Singleton and his sons John and Edward
in 1562 ; Preston Guild R. II, 19, 27,
&c.

John Singleton died in 1588 holding
Ingolhead Hall, &c., of the Earl of Derby
by the rent of a pair of white gloves and
id. ; his heir was his son Thomas, aged
thirteen. His will recited in the in-
quisition names his wife Ellen (who
survived him), sons Thomas, Robert,
James and Henry ; brothers Edward and
William, sister Anne, brother-in-law
James Browne ; Duchy of Lane. Inq.
p.m. xvi, no. 48.

One Henry Singleton- died in 1614
holding lands in Broughton of the king,
partly in socage and partly (Fernyhalgh,
Sharoe and Durton) by the hundredth
part of a knight's fee. John his son and
heir was fourteen years old ; Lanes.
Inq. p.m. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.),
ii, 9-1 1.

In the Guild Rolls of 1642 and later
appears a family named Beesley of Ingol-
head. See Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m.

120

xxviii, no. 62 ; the tenure ii not

stated.

40 See the account of this family.
After the main portion of the Brockholes
estate had been sold, Bank Hall in
Broughton and some lands in Brockholes,
&c., were retained by the heir male
William son of Thomas Singleton of
Scale, which Thomas was brother of
the Robert who died in 1525. Robert's
estate in Broughton was held of the heir
of Robert Banastre by a rent of $d. ;
Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. vi, no. 64.
In 1556 the Bank Hall estate was held by
the same rent of Edward Earl of Derby,
John Osbaldeston and William Radcliffe ;
ibid, x, no. i.

William Singleton of Bank Hall died
in Dec. 1573 holding the capital
messuage and other lands, &c., in
Broughton of the Earl of Derby by a
rent of 51. His widow Ellen continued
to reside there. The heir was his son
Thomas, two years old. There are also
mentioned Thomas the father of William,
Ellen wife and Richard brother of Thomas
the father. The other estates were in
Brockholes (Littlewoodhey), Whitting-
ham, Ribchester, Newsham, Wood-
plumpton, Scale and Quernmore ; ibid.
xii, no. 34. A later inquisition (xii, no.
30) states the tenure of Bank Hall
differently, viz. of the queen as of her
Duchy of Lancaster by knight's service.
William Singleton adhered to the Roman
Catholic religion and was imprisoned at
Chester under Queen Elizabeth. He
was released in 1570, ordered to conform
and to confine himself to his house at
Brockholes ; Fishwick, Preston, 287
(quoting the Bishop of Chester's Liber
Correct).

Thomas Singleton the son and heir
came of age about 1593, when he in-
herited land in Whittingham and
Brockholes from a kinsman, Thomas
Singleton ; Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m.
xvi, no. 50.

Bank Hall is said to have been sold
about 1625 (Fishwick, op. cit. 318), but
this branch of the Singleton family con-
tinued to hold Scale.

41 Gillow, Haydock Papers, 60.
Richard Woodcock, who died in 1633,

at Walton-le-Dale, held the moiety of
the Bank Hall in Broughton and lands
there ; his son James was twenty-five
years old ; Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m.
xxix, no. 63.

Edward French and Anne his wife in
1651 asked for an examination of their
title to Bank Hall, the estate being
sequestered for the recusancy and
delinquency of Woodcock and Crook.
Anne was daughter of James, eldest son
of Richard Walton, who had married
Elizabeth, eldest daughter of William
Garstang of Broughton, which William
had purchased the estate ; Cal. Com. for
Comp, iv, 2909. If true this would carry the
sale of Bank Hall into the i6th century.

AMOUNDERNESS HUNDRED

PRESTON

The other moiety was owned by a recusant family

named Crook," whose representative sold to the late

John William Richard Wilson of Preston in 1834."

The old house was abandoned

and the present Broughton

House built as a residence. Mr.

Wilson died in 1875 and was

succeeded by his son the late

Edward Wilson, and grandson

Mr. Henry Francis Wilson,

the present owner. 44

The names of other land-
owners occur in inquisitions. 45
Several of the people suffered
sequestration under the Com-
monwealth 46 and some
' Papists ' registered estates in
1717."

The Knights Hospitallers
Broughton. 48

LANGTON of Brough-
ton Tower. Argent
three cheverons gules and
a canton vair.

had

land

The church of ST. JOHN BAPTIST
CHURCH stands at the south end of the village
on a slightly elevated site to the east of
the high road close to the Blundel Brook, which
forms the boundary of the churchyard on Che south
side. The site is an ancient one, but the oldest part
of the present church is the tower, which dates only
from the l6th century, the rest being modern. The
old building, which was pulled down about 1823,
appears to have been an early 16th-century rebuild-
ing of a 14th-century church, fragments of which
have been discovered, 49 and it is probable that at
least two churches stood on the site previous to
the reign of Henry VIII. A plan of the old
church as it existed at the beginning of the last
century 50 shows it to have consisted of a chancel with
a large chapel on the north side separated from it
by an arcade of two arches, and a smaller south chapel
open to the chancel by a single arch, nave of four
bays with north and south aisles, south porch and

In 1654 Thomas Clayton of Chorley
desired to prove his title to a house, &c.,
in Broughton settled by the late William
Singleton on claimant, with reversion to
William Daniel ; two-thirds were still
under sequestration for Singleton's re-
cusancy ; ibid, v, 3201. From the
later history this appears to be Bank
Hall.

A report by Samuel Peploe, vicar of
Preston in 1716, stated that at that time
one moiety was held by the Crook
family, with a charge upon it, so it was
suspected, 'only in trust ... for Romish
priests ' ; ' the other part of Bank Hall
estate is Mr. Thomas (or his son John)
Clayton of Preston. This has been in
lease many years. Mr. Smith, a Romish
priest (whose true name is Edward
Kitchen), lives in that part of the house
at Bank Hall which belongs to this side
of the estate and has occupied and let
the ground from time to time ....
I am told that Mr. John Clayton has
entered on this tenement some days ago,
pretending that he has bought Smith out
of it,' &c. ; Haydoc k Paper j, 60, 61, quoting
P.R.O. Forftd. Estates, Pi 34. See also
Payne, Rec. of Engl. Cath. 155.

The Claytons of Crook and Fulwood
had lands, &c., in Broughton, Fulwood-
shaw and Durton ; Duchy of Lane. Inq.
p.m. xxviii, no. 79.

42 Hugh Crook was living at Bank
Hall in 1632, paying his fines for
recusancy. George Crook, a missionary
priest, succeeded to this moiety, and
served the mission till his death about
1710 ; the estate then descended to his
nephew John Crook, the succession being
thus given : John -s. George s. John
-s. John -s. John, M.D. (d. 1869);
Haydock Papers, 60 2.

George Crook of Broughton, who died
in 1653 or 1654, had two-thirds of his
tenement sequestered for recusancy.
His widow Anne and sons George and
John are named ; Royalist Comp. Papers
(Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.), ii, 87.
Others of the family, John Crook of
Preston and William Crook of Durton,
also suffered for their religion ; ibid. 889.

George Crook was of Bank Hall in
Broughton in 1724; in 1732 he married
Janet Blackburne of Westby, she being
daughter and co-heir of Richard Black-
burne of Upper Rawcliffe. Her son and
heir in 1771 is named as George Crook ;

Piccope MSS. (Chet. Lib.), iii, 286, 246,
390, from rolls at Preston.
48 Fishwick, Preston, 318.

44 Information of the late Mr. Wilson.
Bank Hall is now a farm-house. The Wil-
sons in making alterations in the old hall
' discovered a secret chamber adjoining
the room formerly used as a chapel, in
which were a tabernacle, chalice and
other church furniture. These they
handed over to Dr. Crook ' ; Haydoc^
Papers, 62.

45 Lawrence Starkie, who has occurred
in the account of Chipping, held lands in
Preston, Broughton and Haighton, and
on his death in 1532 was succeeded by
his daughters, Margaret wife of William
Banastre and Etheldreda wife of Humphrey
Newton ; the former died in 1 542, leav-
ing a son Wilfrid, under age ; Duchy of
Lane. Inq. p.m. ix, no. 21. The Newtons
appear to have sold their estate in
Broughton, Sharoe and Urton at various
times ; Pal. of Lane. Feet of F. bdles. 12,
m. 123; 20, m. 44 ; 24, m. 40. See
also Ducatus Lane. (Rec. Com.), ii, 353.

Peter Mason of Lathom in 1612 held
land in Broughton of the king by the
hundredth part of a knight's fee ; Lanes.
Inq. p.m. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.), i,
214-15. Robert Blundell of Ince in 1615
held land by the two-hundredth part of a
knight's fee ; ibid, ii, 28. Richard
Ayrie in 1616 held by a like service;
ibid. 43. George Rogerson of Preston
in 1620 held lands in Sharoe and Ingol-
head of Roger Langton as of his manor
of Broughton ; ibid. 189. Thomas
Gregory of Woodplumpton in 1622 held
of the king by knight's service ; ibid, iii,

403-

The following had lands in Durton or
Urton, but the tenure is not recorded :
Richard Dilworth, 1627 (John, son and
heir) ; John Robinson of Whittle, 1628 ;
and Thomas Slater, 1633 (William, son
and heir) ; Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m.
xxviii, no. 1 1 ; xxvi, no. 20 ; xxvii, no.
47. William Slater was dead in 1654,
and two-thirds of his lands being under
sequestration for his recusancy, the
guardian of his son and heir Thomas
petitioned for leave to prove title ; Cal.
Com. for Comp. v, 3200.

Thomas Shireburne of Heysham held
his land in Broughton of Sir Gilbert
Hoghton ; Towneley MS. C 8, 13 (Chet.
Lib.), 1083.

46 In addition to cases already given are
the following :

Robert Adamson's lands were seques-
tered for recusancy and delinquency. He
held under a lease for three lives from
Thomas Singleton of Broughton Tower,
and the lives having expired in 1651
William Langton claimed possession, as
on and heir of Roger Langton, who
had purchased from Singleton ; Royalist
Comp. Papers (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and
Ches.), i, 10.

Edward Daniel of Durton, recusant, in
1653 petitioned to be allowed to contract
for his sequestered estate ; Cal. Com. for
Comp. iv, 3175.

James Hollinhead and George Wilkin-
son, sequestered recusants, made similar
petitions ; ibid, v, 3186, 3179.

Thomas Glave's estate had been
sequestered for a like reason, and in 1651
Margaret and Anne Glave, widows, with
another widow and three fatherless children,
all ' conformable,' in their poverty desired
restoration ; ibid, iv, 2910.

John Taylor's estate was also under
sequestration for recusancy. He was
dead, and the leaseholders under his son
Christopher desired to show their title.
The claim was allowed, but 'the debts
due to delinquents and two-thirds of those
due to recusants ' were to be paid to the
use of the State ; ibid, v, 3 207.

47 Their names were John Arkwright,
Robert Arkwright, William Arkwright,
William Blakey, Richard Boys of Sharoe,
Richard Cardwell, James Carterof Durton,
John and Thomas Daniell of the same,
Edward Daniell of Catterall, Elizabeth
Gradwell of Fernyhalgh, widow, Thomas
Greenalls, Edward Harrison, Richard
Parkinson and Ellen Walmesley, widow ;
Estcourt and Payne, Engl. Cath. Nonjurors,
95-6, 104, 105, 136 8.

For the Daniel family, already men-
tioned several times, see Gillow, Bibl.
Diet, of Engl. Cath. ii, ii.

48 The prior claimed 4 acres, &c., in
1333 against Richard de Myerscough ;
De Banco R. 293, m. 322.

49 Some early 14th-century fragments
found when the present chancel was erected
are now in the churchyard on the west side
of the tower. This probably indicates a
rebuilding of or alteration to the original
12th-century church.

50 The plan is on the faculty to re-
build. See next page.

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

west tower. Both chapels projected beyond the line
of the aisle walls north and south, and were separated
from the chancel by oak screens. 61 The chancel
was of the same width as the nave, there being
apparently no structural division. No illustration of
the building remains, though it is said to have been
of a plain late type of Gothic, with low overhanging
eaves and dormer windows. 52 From remains still exist-
ing in the east wall of the tower the old nave seems to
have been 15 ft. 6 in. wide, 53 with aisles 8 ft. wide,
the total length of the nave and chancel being 79 ft. 54
During the I yth and 1 8th centuries little or nothing
seems to have been done to keep the structure in
adequate repair, and shortly before its demolition
Dr. Whitaker wrote that he had seldom seen ' greater
appearances of squalid neglect and approaching decay.' 65
The rebuilding consisted of the present wide aisleless
nave, 69 ft. by 45 ft., in the Gothic style of the
period, and was finished in 1826. To this a chancel,
36 ft. by 22 ft., with north vestries and south organ-
chamber occupying to some extent the position of

Gothic work, 58 contrasting sharply with the nave, ,
the windows of which are tall, narrow single lights.
The nave roof is of one span, covered with slate, and
has a flat plaster-panelled ceiling.

The tower, which is I 3 ft. 3 in. square inside and
built of gritstone, has diagonal buttresses of seven
stages, a projecting vice in the south-east corner and
an embattled parapet with the stumps of angle
pinnacles. On the string course below the parapet on
the south side are a four-leafed flower and the date 1533,
which probably gives the year of the building of the
tower, and on the vice the string bears the initials
E.G. The stages are unmarked externally by string
courses, and on the north and south sides the walls
are quite plain except for the belfry windows, which
are of three lights under a pointed head without
tracery, but with external hood mould. The west
doorway, which has moulded jambs and head, was
opened out in 19056, and the window above, which
is of three lights with traceried head and hood mould,
was likewise restored, the lower part, which had before

o SOUTH AISIX

PLAN OF BROUGHTON CHURCH BEFORE 1823

the two original chapels, was added in 1905-6, at
which time also the whole of the building was
restored, the tower arch opened out, and benches
substituted for the old square pews.

The chancel and nave being modern are without
antiquarian interest, except that six sculptured stones
from the old church are built into the external wall
of the organ-chamber on the south side. 56 These
consist of (i) a boar's head with the initials T.B. ;
(2) arms of Redmayne and initials G.R. ; (3) I.H.C. ;
(4) arms of Singleton and the initials R.S. ; (5) arms
of Barton and initials T.B. ; and (6) clawed foot and
ivy leaf. 57 The chancel is a good example of modern

been built up, being opened out. There is a clock on
the west side, and on the north buttress facing east
are the initials T.B. on either side of a shield, 59 and
in a similar position on the south buttress a shield
with the Singleton arms. The tower arch is of two
chamfered orders dying into the wall at the springing,
and above it the lower part of the weathering of the
old pointed roof is visible under the modern ceiling.
Until 19056 the tower was separated from the nave
by a wall 5 ft. thick, the removal of which revealed
on the south side the half- octagonal respond of the
old nave arcade. In the rebuilding of 1826 the floor
of the church seems to have been considerably raised,

61 The inscriptions and arms in these
screens are given in Fishwick, Preston,

134-5-

51 Information from old inhabitants to
present vicar. It is described as having
been similar to Goosnargh Church, only
lower at the eaves.

53 On the plan it scales less, but the
plan does not appear to be quite accurate,
the dimensions of the tower not strictly
agreeing with those of the actual building.

54 These measurement* are taken from
the plan.

55 Whitaker, Richmondshirc, ii, 433-4.
He says ' a few remnants of a, more
ancient fabric appear in the walls of the
present fabric, which is evidently a work
of the time of Henry VIII, since when
very little attention seems to have
been paid it, excepting to secure the
handsome tower from falling by strong
iron bars.' This was in 1822. On the.

122

oak roof of the chancel was the date

1537-

56 In the 1826 rebuilding they were
placed in the east gable.

57 Four of these are illustrated in Fish-
wick, Preston, 136.

58 The architects were Austin &
Paley of Lancaster.

69 The shield is difficult to decipher,
but probably bore the Barton arms.

BROUGHTON CHURCH FROM THE NORTH-WEST

BARTON CROSS (RESTORED)

AMOUNDERNESS HUNDRED

the floor of the present nave being 2 ft. 4 in. above
that of the tower, from which there is an ascent of
five steps.

The font, which stands in the north-west corner
of the nave, is a massive circular Norman bowl
2 ft. 8 in. in diameter and 18 in. high, hewn out
of a sandstone boulder, with a half-round moulding
at the bottom. The font was turned out of the
church in 1826 to make way for one of alabaster, but
was discovered at a cottage in Barton in 1889 and
restored to the church. The bowl is supported by
a modern shaft.

There are preserved in the church an old stoup, 60 an
octagonal stone mortar, a piece of oak 6 ft. long
carved with the vine pattern belonging to one of the
screens in the old church, a mediaeval chest and a
Jacobean oak communion table, while in the vestry
is a smaller chest dated 1666 with various initials
and fleurs de lis hinges. The organ has a good 1 8th-
century case, and there is a brass chandelier dated
1817. Against the west wall of the nave north of
the tower is a fragment of a memorial stone to Roger
Langton of Broughton Tower, who died at Chester
in 1714, and was buried in the now demolished
church of St. Bridget in that city. 61

There is a ring of six bells, cast in 1 884 by Mears &
Stainbank. 62

The silver plate consists of two chalices inscribed
' Capellae de Broughton Sacrum 1782 ', and on the
foot ' The gift of the Reverend Samuel Peploe Arch
Deacon of Richmond & Vic. of Preston ', but with-
out other marks than R| thrice repeated ; a set of
two chalices, two patens and a flagon of 1851, pur-
chased by subscription in that year, and a bread-box
of 1906. There are also two pewter flagons given
by Archdeacon Peploe in 1732.

The registers begin in 1653-4.

On the south side of the churchyard are the steps
of the churchyard cross, now surmounted by a modern
sundial, the plate of which is dated 1 8 1 6 and bears
the names of the vicar and churchwardens. The
steps, which are three in number and square on plan,
are of coarse gritstone and are carried on a solid

PRESTON

rubble foundation going down a considerable depth.
The stocks, which stand outside the churchyard wall
near the west entrance, were restored in 1902, one
of the old stone posts being replaced. They are not,
however, in their original position.

Though the building, as stated,
4DVOWSON existed from an early time, there
are few records of it. 63 ' 4 In the
1 6th century it was often called a church, its status
being th^t of parochial chapel. Its ornaments and
bells were sold at the Reformation, 65 but the building
seems to have been retained in use for service. 66 The
patronage descended like that of the vicarage of
Preston until 1867, when Sir Henry de Hoghton
sold it to John Bretherton of Leyland ; the purchaser
gave it to his brother William, who became vicar in
1872, and whose representatives are now the patrons. 67
In 1650 the stipend was 40, paid out of sequestra-
tions, 68 and therefore ceasing at the Restoration. The
Langtons endowed it with 20, and in 1717 the
income was ^34- 69 In 1774 an augmentation was
obtained from Queen Anne's Bounty. 70 The present
value is given as z$o. n A parish was assigned to
it in i878. 72 The chapelry was formerly reputed
to include the three townships of Broughton, Barton
and Haighton. The following have been curates
and vicars 73 :
oc. 1368-96 William de Erlesgate 74

1441 Henry Broughton

1515 Evan Wall 75

1530 Henry Helme 76

i 548-65 Roger Charnock 77
oc. 1597 John Marton 78

oc. 1 6 1 o Witton 79

oc. 1622 Lomax 80

1626 Peter Addison, B.A. 81

1628 Roger Farrand 82

1650 James Knott 83

1 66 1 John Winckley

oc. 1674-1714 William Wood 84

1721 William Charnley, B.A. 85 (St. John's

Coll., Camb.)

1727 John Starkie

60 Found in 1893 in a ditch near the
church.

61 The stone was cast aside when
St. Bridget's was pulled down, but was
recovered in 1888 and placed in Broughton
Church by the late Mr. William Langton
of Manchester.

13 Two of the former bells, which were
used in the casting of the present ring,
bore the dates 1632, and another 1681.
The treble was inscribed ' See. Petre
O P N '. The other bells had Jesus be
our spede, 1632 '; ' G.W. w.w. i.e. 1681 ' ;
'Gloria in excelsis Deo, 1632 '; Fishwick,
op. cit. 135, but his description is not
very clear.

6S ' 4 Geoffrey, chaplain of the hermitage
of Broughton, is named in a deed of 1 377,
but he may then have been dead ;
Kuerden fol. MS. fol. 256.

In 1441 the priest at Broughton was
witness to a local charter ; Fishwick,
Preston, 129. In 1460 a sentence of
divorce was read in the church ; ibid.
The chapel of Broughton is named in the
1520 lease of Preston tithes quoted in
the account of the church.

65 Raines, Chantries (Chet. Soc.), 277,
280.

66 The same curate was there from

1 548 to 1565 at least. Nothing i* known
of the next thirty years.

67 Fishwick, op. cit. 140.

68 Commonw. Ch. Sur-v. (Rec. Soc.
Lanes, and Ches.), 146. In 1651, how-
ever, the minister's ' maintenance ' did
not exceed zos. a year, and ^50 was
allowed from the tithes of Leyland,
sequestered from James Anderton, ' papist
and delinquent ' ; Plund. Mini. Accts.
(Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.), i, 103, in.

89 Gastrell, Notitia Cestr. (Chet. Soc.),
ii, 467. Richard Cross had given 100,
and the vicar of Preston had usually paid
,4 a year, but this had been refused by
Vicar Birch. It is now paid by the vicar
of Preston.

70 Fishwick, op. cit. 143.

71 Manch. Dioc. Dir.

73 Loud. Gass. 5 Apr. 1878.

78 This list is taken mainly from Fish-
wick, op. cit. 1404, where many details
of the incumbents will be found.

74 Towneley MS. DD, no. 1776, 1786.

75 In depositions of 1515-16 he is called
'parish priest' of Broughton; ibid. 253.

76 Named in a Subsidy Roll, c. 1530 ;
T. C. Smith, Preston Ch. 20.

77 Occurs in the Chester visitation lists
of 1548 and 1562, and in 1565 is named

123

in the will of Anne Singleton ; Willt
(Chet. Soc. new ser.), iii, 133.

78 The will of a John Marton, ' curate
of Broughton,' was proved in 1597 ;
Fishwick, Preston, 141.

79 He was ' stipendiary minister,' but
' no preacher ' ; Hist. M.SS. Com. Rep.
xiv, App. iv, 9.

80 Visitation lists at Chester.

81 Act Bk. at Chester.

82 ' Commonly called Sir Roger ' ;
Fishwick, op. cit. 141. This is a late use
of the clerical ' sir.' His name heads the
list of ' Protesters ' at Broughton in 1641.

88 Named in the Ch. Sur-v., Sec., in
1650-1.

84 His initials are on the bells of 1681.
His name is in the Bishop of Chester's
visitation list in 1691, as curate and
schoolmaster, showing letters of orders
*ut in 1674.' He is also named in the
will of Roger Langton, 1714; Piccope
MSS. xiv, 74. According to Fishwick
(op. cit. 142) he was deprived of his
curacy in 1678 but reinstated.

85 He and his two successors were
nominated by the vicar of Preston.
Charnley had spent some time at Trinity
College, Dublin, before he entered St.
John's, Cambridge, in 1718, being then

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

1732 Joseph Cowper, M.A. (T.C.D.)

1761 John Hunter 86

1774 Randal Andrews, M.A. 87 (Worcester

Coll., Oxf.)

1801 George Charnley M

1 8 10 Hugh Hodgson

1817 William Dixon

1872 William Bretherton

1886 Samuel Edward Collinson, L.Th.

(Durh.) 88a

There was in the ijth century an oratory, St.
Mary's, at Fernyhalgh, 89 but this fell into decay, and
was not used after the Reformation. 90

A school was founded in 1527 by Lawrence
Stodagh. 91

As a large proportion of the people adhered to
the old religion at the Reformation the Roman
Catholic worship survived during the time of
proscription. 92 Bank Hall, as above stated, was a
missionary centre for a long time, 93 and our Lady's
Well at Fernyhalgh is said to have remained a place of
pilgrimage. 94 In 1685 Hugh Charnley gave the site
of the well in trust for the mission there and a house-
chapel was built. This remained in use till 1793,
when the present church of St. Mary was built a
quarter of a mile away. 95 The Rev. John Daniel,
last president of the seminary at Douay, was born at
Durton. 96

It appears that a school was secretly kept up in
connexion with this mission from about 1650 ;
it was known later as Schola Sanctte Maries ad
fontem. 97

The township gives its name to the Broughton
Charitable Society, the annual meeting being held
there. 98

HAIGHTON

Halctun, Dom. Bk. 1 ; Aulton, 1200; Halicton,
1212 ; Halghton, 1278 and usually ; Alghton, 1292 ;
Halghton, Haughton, Haghton, Haighton, 1560-
1600.

This township, a continuation of Broughton east-
ward, is somewhat more elevated, as most of the
surface is above the 2OO-ft. level. Blundel Brook
forms the northern boundary, while Savock Brook,
flowing through a little valley, cuts off the south-
eastern portion, in which is Cow Hill. The area is
1,078 acres, 2 and in 1901 the population num-
bered 273.

The principal road is that going through the
centre of the township, leading eastward from
Broughton through Haighton Green, and then turn-
ing south and east again towards Longridge. There
was formerly a cross on the green. 3 To the north of
the road are New Chingle Hall and Haighton Hall,
while Haighton House lies to the south. There is
neither railway nor canal. The township is governed
by a parish council.

The land is almost entirely in pasture.

One plough-land in HJ1GHTON was

MdNOR in 1066 included in Earl Tostig's fee of

Preston. 4 After the Conquest it appears

to have been included in the royal demesne, 5 but in

1 2 1 2 Gillemichael de Haighton held 2 oxgangs of

twenty-one years of age. He was after-
wards vicar of Bray ton and Selby, 1727-
48 ; R. F. Scott, Admissions, iii, 14, 318.
In 1726 the Sacrament was adminis-
tered four times a year by the vicar of
Preston ; Visit, returns. With Charnley
begin the nominations recorded at the
Chester Diocesan Registry.

88 He became curate of Pilling. He
and his successors were nominated by the
Hoghton family.

87 Vicar of Ormskirk 1780-1800 ; re-
tained Broughton.

83 Master of Broughton School, 1771.

88a Mr. Collinson has afforded con-
siderable assistance to the editors.

89 In 1454 Nicholas Singleton of
Broughton and Margaret his wife had
licence for a chaplain to celebrate divine
service in the chapel of Fernyhalgh and
in the oratory in their manor-house ;
Kuerden MSS. iv, B 34.

There is evidence for its use for mass
in the time of Henry VII, but the roof
is stated to have fallen in by 1515 ;
Fishwick, op. cit. quoting Duchy of Lane.
Plead. Edw. VI, Ixi, R 2 ; Depositions
Hen. VIII, x, S 5. The chapel had land
at Warton.

On the meaning of the word see N :
and Q. (Ser. 4), x, 260.

90 Raines, Chantries, 259, &C. The
chapel had one bell, seized by Edward
VI. William Kenyon, who had a grant
of the lands belonging to it in 1553, ma de
complaints about various tenants ; Duchy
of Lane. Plead. Edw. VI, xxxii, K 2.

91 Gastrell, Notitia, ii, 468 ; End. Char.
Rep. (Preston, 1905), 18.

9 * William Cowell of Preston about
1590 found Edmond Haworth, priest,
' saying mass after the popish manner in

a loft at the east end of the house of one
Dilworth, a widow, in the village of
Broughton, about 10 o'clock in the morn-
ing, attired in massing apparel, wearing a
vestment, alb and stole, and with a mass
book, a super altar, chalice containing
wine and a paten, with other massing
furniture.' The widow, her sons and
daughters and one or two more were
present. The informant, terrified with
cries of ' Strike, strike ! kill, kill ! now
or never ! ' and bribed by a gift of seven
nobles promised to keep silence, restored
the paten and chalice he had ' partly
taken,' but immediately gave informa-
tion to the mayor of Preston and others ;
T. C. Smith, Preston Ch. 21, from Raines
MSS. xxii, 156-8.

93 In 1718 John Crook 'had heard
George Crook, a reputed Romish priest,
say prayers after the Romish way' at
Bank Hall ; Payne, Engl. Cath. Rec. 155.

94 Christopher Tootell, the priest in
charge about 1700 and later, in an account
written in 1723 gives the legend of the
well. A merchant in distress in a storm
in the Irish Sea promised to do some
work of piety if he escaped, and heard a
voice telling him to seek a place called
Fernyhp.lgh and build a chapel by the
spring ; which, after long search for the
place, he performed. Tootell states :
' The ancient devotion of neighbouring
Catholics did not fail with the old chapel,
but . . . continued in their constant
assembling and praying together at the
well on Sundays and Holy Days and
especially on the feasts of Our Lady, even
in the severest times of persecution.'
This was interrupted at the futile Jacobite
rising of 1715 and the severities which
followed it, the chapel being plundered ;

124

but prayers were resumed in 1717. There
is a notice of Chr. Tootell in Gillow,
Blbl. Diet, of Engl. Cath. v, 548.

95 Gillow, Haydock Papers, 58. There
is preserved there an ancient chalice in-
scribed ' Dosus Maguir Rex Fermanne me
fi. fe. MCCCCC xxix,' supposed to have
belonged to the pre-Reformation chapel.

96 When the college was destroyed in
the French Revolution the president was
imprisoned for some time. He returned
to England and was made president of the
new college at Crook Hall, Durham, in
1795, but resigned in order to protect the
interests of the college at Douay, and died
in Paris in 1823. He wrote a short
work on Church history. There are
notices of him in Diet. Nat. Biog. and
Gillow, EM. Diet, of Engl. Cath. ii, 13-15.

97 Ibid, iii, 145-8. In the first half of
the 1 8th century it had a noteworthy
teacher Alice Harrison of Fulwood.

98 It was founded in 1787, and large
numbers of Lancashire Roman Catholics
are members. Masses are said for them
at death, and a distribution of the surplus
funds is made each year, each member
giving his share to some poor person.

1 It is difficult to distinguish the town-
ships of Haighton, Aighton and Hoghton
in mediaeval deeds, but the first is com-
monly Halghton and the second Aghton.

2 1,077 acres, including 2 of inland
water; Census Rep. 1901.

3 Lanes, and Ches. Antij. Soc. xx, 178.

4 V.C.H. Lanes, i, 28 8a. As will be
seen from the text Haighton was in later
times regarded as 2 oxgangs of land or
else half a plough-land.

5 Farrer, Lanes. Pipe R. 130 ; f l2d. of
the increment of Aulton' for the half-
year.

AMOUNDERNESS HUNDRED

PRESTON

land there in drengage, rendering zs. yearly. 6 This
appears to have been the whole service due from the
township, though the land is only a fourth part of the
old assessment, for in 1297 the vill of Haighton was
found to pay zs. yearly to the Earl of Lancaster. 7 In
1324 a portion was held by John de Bolton, who paid
it., and the rest by Adam son of William Banastre,
who also paid is. 8 In 1346 the whole was held by
Thomas Banastre, as half a plough-land, by the rent of

2J. 9 It descended like Balderston, being held by
Richard Balderston in 14456 for the twentieth part
of a knight's fee, the land being half a plough-land. 10
Haighton does not seem to have been usually regarded
as a separate manor, and in a document of the i6th
century is described as ' in Broughton '. u

A family which took a surname from it can be
traced for some time 12 ; but the land seems to have
been very much divided, 13 the Elstons, 13a Singletons, 13b

6 Lanct. Inq. and Extents (Rec. Soc.
Lance, and Ches.), i, 51. Richard de
Haighton held the same land by the same
service in 1226 ; ibid, i, 140. He was
living in 1248, but Walter son of Richard
de Haighton appears in 1251 and 1261 ;
ibid, i, 176, 183, 228. Robert son of
William son of Walter de Haighton was
plaintiff in 1334 against Paulin son of
William son of Walter and Gilbert son of
Walter de Haighton, also against William
son of Amry dc Haighton : Assize
R. 1417, m. 7d.

* Lanes. Inq. and Extents, i, 289. The
Banastre estate may have been derived
in part from Robert son of Walter de
Haighton, who gave all his wood in
Haighton (within certain bounds) to
Thomas Banastre of Bretherton ; Kuer-
den MSS. iv, H 5.

8 Dods. MSS. cxxxi, fol. 39 ; John de
Bolton held a messuage and 40 acres, and
Adam Banastre the whole remainder of
the hamlet of Haighton.

In 1326 it was found that William son
of Ellen de Haighton had held i acre
(worth 6d. a year) in the vill of Haighton
of Adam son and heir of William Banastre,
a minor, by id. rent ; a messuage and
9 acres of Richard de Haighton by 3^.
rent; 12 acres of John de Haighton by
zd. rent ; and 8 acres of Walter de
Haighton by ^d. rent, the annual value
of these 29 acres was %d. each. The
heir was William's son Richard, aged
twenty-four ; Inq. p.m. 19 Edw. II, no. 5 1.

John de Bolton is stated to have
received lands in Haighton, with acquit-
tance of multure in the mill, from John
de Coppull, the remainder being to Robert
son of John de Belton and his heirs by
Joan daughter of Thomas le Waleys ;
the grant was made in 1318. After-
wards Robert sold to Roger de Elston,
living in 1363, and he died without issue
by Joan ; Memo. R. (L.T.R.) 128, m. xxi.
Margaret (then wife of William de
Childers) widow of Robert son of John
de Bolton claimed dower in 1366 ; De
Banco R. 425, m. 234. The surname
Bolton long continued in the township.

9 Sur-v. of 1346 (Chet. Soc.), 50. Sir
Thomas Banastre held in 1379 ; Lanes.
Inq. p.m. (Chet. Soc.), i, 15.

10 Duchy of Lane. Knights' Fees,bdle. 2,
no. 20. In 1456 Richard Balderston held
the manor of Haighton by Goosnargh of
the king as of his duchy in socage by a
rent of 21. ; its clear value was 4 marks
a year ; Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Chet. Soc.), ii,
63. Thi-s is one of the rare instances in
which it is called a manor.

Portions of the Balderston estate are
named later in the possessions of Edmund
Dudley (1507), Thomas Radcliffe of
Winmarleigh (1521), Thomas Earl of
Derby (1523) and Sir Alexander Osbal-
deston (1544) ; Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m.
iy, no. 13 ; y, no. 3, &c. ; v, no. 68 ;
viii, no. i. No particulars of tenure are
given for Haighton.

u The warden* of Broughton Chapel

in 1539 demised to William Singleton of
Chingle Hall a messuage in Haighton in
Broughton at a rent of loj. lod. ;
Towneley MS. HH, no. 1575. This
may only mean ' in the chapelry of
Broughton.'

13 One branch has been named in pre-
ceding notes.

John de Haighton occurs in 1244 ;
Lanes. Inq. and Extents, i, 159, 160.
Alice daughter of Adam de Blackburn
in 1276-8 complained that John de
Haighton, Ellen his wife and Katherine,
Maud and Joan his daughters had dis-
seised her of her free tenement in the
place, and recovered ; De Banco R. 17,
m. 27; Assize R. 1238, m. 32; 1239,
m. 37. In 1292 Katherine daughter of
John de Haighton withdrew her claim
against John de Haighton ; Assize
R. 408, m. 69 d. Much of the land of
this family appears to have been acquired
by Hoghton of Hoghton, as below.

Godith de Elston and Roger son of
William de Elston agreed with Joan
widow of John de Haighton for a lease
of their lands to her; Add. MS. 32106,
no. 783.

John de Haighton gave his daughters
Joan, Katherine, Maud and Margery his
house of Brunden, lands held by Roger
and Paulin, sons of William de Elston,
and homages and services in the vill of
Haighton, at a rent of izd. ; Kuerden
MSS. iii, H 2. John son of John de
Haighton granted Robert de Whittingham
certain lands, the bounds at one point
following Brunden to the east ; the rent
was a pair of gloves or id. ; ibid. In
1293-4 Katherine and Joan, daughters
of John de Haighton, made claims
against John son of Robert de Singleton
and Alice his wife, and against Master
Richard de Hoghton, in respect of tene-
ments in Haighton ; De Banco R. 101,
m. 100 d. ; 104, m. 81 d.

In 1332 Richard de Haighton granted
some of his land upon Highfield ; Kuerden
fol. MS. fol. 175. Richard made a grant
in 1358 ; ibid. fol. 189. In 1377 Maud
and Margaret, daughters of Richard de
Haighton and Euphemia his wife, had
hereditary lands delivered to them ; ibid,
fol. 256.

Robert Greenacre and others, probably
trustees, in 1416 gave a tenement in
Haighton to Thomas Haighton and his
heirs ; ibid. fol. 87. Ughtred Hothersall
in 1441-2 became bound to William son
and heir of Thomas Haighten for the
fulfilment of contracts ; ibid. fol. 189.
William Haighton was defendant in
1442 ; Pal. of Lane. Plea R. 4, m. i.
William occurs again in 1459 and 1464 ;
Kuerden fol. MS. fol. 88, 63.

13 A fine respecting 'Haighton' in
1311 may refer to some other place of
the name ; Final Cone. (Rec. Soc. Lanes,
and Ches.), ii, 8. In 1317-18 John de
Brockholes claimed land in Haighton
against Richard son of Richard de Fish-
wick and Cecily his wife ; De Banco

125

R. 221, m. 210 <J. Eve widow of Henry
de Blackburn in 1336 claimed a mes-
suage there against John de Blackburn ;
ibid. 306, m. 128. Land in Haighton
was among the Clitheroe estates in 1 342 ;
Final Cone, ii, 114. In 1347 Simon
Breton and Joan his wife claimed an
acre of land against William del Hall and
Robert son of Robert del Moor ; the last
named seems to have been the owner ;
Assize R. 1435, m. 16. Isolda widow of
William del Hall had lands in 1372 ;
Kuerden fol. MS. fol. 87. John de
Cottam of Haighton made a feoffment
of his lands in 1389; ibid. fol. 88. A
John son of William de Cottam was
defendant to a claim by Adam son of
Richard de Holmes in 1337 ; De Banco
R. 311, m. I56d. Henry Cottam of
Haighton died in 1592 holding a capital
messuage, &c., of Richard Hoghton by
6d. rent. George his son and heir was
seventeen years old ; Duchy of Lane.
Inq. p.m. xvi, no. 49.

13a In 1329 Roger and Paulin sons of
William de Elston claimed a tenement
in Haighton against Henry de Herrys
and Cecily his wife ; Assize R. 427, m.
3 d. (Henry de Hericy had land in
Wheatcroft from John de Haighton in
1287 ; Add. MS. 32106, no. 649.)
John son of William son of Robert de
Elston in 134$ claimed 40 acres of land
against Robert and Adam sons of Ellis de
Knoll ; De Banco R. 341, m. 226.

Roger de Elston already named and
Anabel his wife had lands in Haighton,
and part of two mills, which were in
1348 settled on Roger son of John de
Elston, Ralph and Thomas his brothers,
and the heirs of Roger de Elston of
Killanshagh ; Kuerden fol. MS. fol. 291.
Robert de Bolton was a witness.
William son of Roger de Elston in 1350
gave his brother Roger land called the
Moss and rents from the tenements of
William son of Paulin de Elston, Roger
son of Ellis de Knoll and Henry son of
William Amricson in Haighton ; ibid,
fol. in.

The feoffees in 1414 granted Margaret
widow of John Elston various lands in
Haighton, with remainders to Thomas
Elston and Nicholas his brother ; Harl.
MS. 21 12, fol. 100/141. In 1429-30
Roger Elston gave lands, formerly
Reginald Elston's, to trustees for Ellen
daughter of Thomas Haighton ; Add.
MS. 32107, no. 29912. Some of the
Elston lands probably went to the
Blundells of Preston, for in 1452-3 John
Blundell and Agnes widow of Hugh
Longton granted land in Haighton to
William son of John Blundell ; Harl.
MS. 2112, fol. 100/141.

13b Nicholas son of Gilbert de Singleton
in 1384 had lands in Haighton within
these bounds : Beginning at Falsnape
Cloughhead on the west, following tie
Moss Dyke east to Christopher de Whit-
tingham's land, then north to Brunden,
following this westward to Falsnape

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

and neighbouring owners, as appears from the in-
quisitions and other records,
having estates therein. 14 The
Hoghtons of Hoghton in
Leyland held lands here from
the time of Edward 1 14a ;
the estate was once called a
manor. 14b Cockersand Abbey
had a little land. 15 In the
1 7th century one residence
was called the Hall, and its
owners, named Wadsworth,
recorded a pedigree in i664. 16

WADSWORTH of
Haighton. Gules three
Jleurs de Us argent.

In consequence of their taking the Jacobite side in
1715 the estate was forfeited. 17 It was afterwards
held by Edward Pedder, Blacklidge of Wheelton and
Anderton of Euxton. 18 Another noteworthy family
was that of Gerard 19 ; their estate was sold to
James Francis Anderton, and is now held by his son
Mr. Wilfrid Francis Anderton of Haighton House. 20

George Charnley, Richard Whittingham and Law-
rence Wilkinson, described as of Haighton, in 1631
compounded for refusing knighthood by payments ot
10 each. 21

Two or three estates were sequestered by the Com-
monwealth authorities for delinquency or recusancy, 22

Cloughfield and so south to the starting-
point ; Duchy of Lane. Anct. D. L 1061.
The same piece of land apparently (in
Falsnape Wray) had been given (temp.
Henry III) by Richard de Haighton to
Richard son of Roger de Broughton ;
ibid. L 1074.

Nicholas son of William Singleton had
land here in 1471 ; Kuerden fol. MS.
fol. 396. John son of William Singleton
in 1488-9 had land in Haighton, in-
cluding Stubbings, formerly belonging to
Henry Haighton ; Towneley MS. DD,
no. 1289. John Singleton of Shingle
Hall in 1571 granted Thomas Hoghton
of Lea an annuity out of a messuage, &c.,
in Haighton by Fulwood ; Add. MS.
32106, no. 804. Jane daughter of John
Singleton was in 1587 wife of Christopher
Harris, and had land in Haighton and
West Stubbings ; Pal. of Lane. Feet of F.
bdle. 49, m. 267.

John Singleton of Shingle Hall was in
1530 said to hold his messuage, &c., in
Haighton in socage of Sir Richard
Hoghton by a rent of lid. and a pair of
gloves, and a similar return was made
after the death of his son William in
1541 ; Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. vi, no.
32 ; viii, no. 9. Later, however, the
tenure was said to be of the queen by
knight's service ; ibid, xiii, no. 16 ; xiv,
no. 67.

14 Robert Hesketh in 1490 held lands in
Haighton of Nicholas Harrington by the
rent of a grain of pepper ; Duchy of
Lane. Inq. p.m. iii, no. 72 ; v, no. 16.
Sir Thomas Ashton had part of the
Harrington land in Haighton in 1514;
ibid, iv, no. 80. Thomas Bradley in
1556 purchased lands in Haighton and
Hothersall from Sir Thomas Hesketh
nd Alice his wife ; Pal. of Lane. Feet
of F. bdle. 1 6, m. 12. John Bradley
held in 1597, but the tenure is not
stated ; Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. xvii,
no. 28. The tenement descended to
Osbaldeston ; Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Rec. Soe,
Lanes, and Ches.), i, 179.

Lawrence Starkie had lands in
Haighton as well as in Broughton, and
they descended in the same way ; Duchf
of Lane. Inq. p.m. ix, no. 21.

Thomas Dixon in 1597 purchased a
messuage, &c., in Haighton and Whit?
tingham from James Anderton of
Lostock, who seems to have purchased in
1591 from Gabriel Pennington ; Pal. of
Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 58, m. 81 ; 53,
in. 136. Christopher Dixon died in 1605
holding his lands (in the townships
named) of the king by the hundredth and
the thousandth parts of a knight's fee ;
Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and
Ches.), i, 40.

Sir Richard Hoghton in 1606 sold to
George Lorimer a messuage, &c., in
Haightuu; Add. MS. 32106, no. 770.

George died in 1638, holding it of ' the
lord of Haighton ' in socage, and leaving
a son John, aged thirty-seven ; Duchy of
Lane. Inq. p.m. xxx, no. 57.

Thomas Preston had lands in
Haighton and Warton in 1591 ; Pal. of
Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 53, m. 178.
George Preston died in 1602 holding
lands in Haighton and Whittingham of
the king by the two-hundredth part of a
knight's fee ; Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Rec. Soc.),
i, 103.

John Robinson purchased lands from
Bolton and from Singleton in 1596-7 ;
Pal. of Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 58, m. 46 ;
59, m. 97. Edward Robinson died in
1608 holding lands of the king by the
three-hundredth part of a knight's fee ;
Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Rec. Soc.), i, 114.
John Robinson of Whittle died in 1628
holding land, tenure unstated ; Duchy of
Lane. Inq. p.m. xxvi, no. 20.

John Taylor in 1586 acquired a
messuage from Roger Taylor and Ellen
his wife ; Pal. of Lane. Feet of F. bdle.
48, m. 257. Christopher Taylor died in
1634 holding a messuage, &c., of 'the
lord of Haighton,' and leaving as heir his
son John, over forty years of age ;
Towneley MS. C 8, 13 (Chet. Lib.),
1190.

Anthony Wall and Margaret his wife
had a messuage, &c., in 1596 ; Pal. of
Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 59, m. 181.
Anthony died at Preston in 1601 holding
three messuages and three-eighths of a
windmill in Whittingham and Haighton,
also messuages, &c., in Preston. His son
and heir William was eight years old ;
Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. xviii, no. 6.
William Wall died in 1626 at Whitting-
ham holding the same estate and leaving
as heir his son William, aged eight ; ibid,
xxvi, no. 50.

In the following cases the tenure is
not stated : Sir Richard Shireburne,
Henry Brown, Thomas Beesley and
Thomas Clarkson ; ibid, xvi, no. 3 ;
xviii, no. 23 ; xxviii, no. 62 ; xxx, no.
Si.

Ma The estate has been mentioned in
previous notes. John son of John
de Haighton in the time of Edward I
made a number of grants and quitclaims
to Master Richard de Hoghton ; Add.
MS. 32106, no. 35, 653, 662, &c.
Joan daughter of John de Haighton and
Maud her sister released to Master
Richard their right in the lands he had
acquired from their father ; ibid. no. 624.
Joan widow of John released her dower
right ; ibid. no. 650. Joan, Maud and
Margery daughters of John de Haighton
afterwards released their claim to
Richard son of Richard de Hoghton ;
ibid. no. 654. Robert son of Warine de
Elston and Ellen his wife, daughter of
Roger Mustard (about 1280), granted all

126

their lands in Haighton to Master
Richard de Hoghton, excepting a rood
held of the heirs of Richard le Boteler ;
ibid. no. 656. In 1315 Richard son of
Richard de Hoghton granted land to
Paulin de Elston and Christiana his wife
at a rent of 1 31. 4^. yearly ; ibid. no.
714.

Sir Richard Hoghton was in 1422
found to hold a messuage and land in
Haighton of the king as Duke of
Lancaster in socage ; Lanes. Inq. p.m.
(Chet. Soc.), i, 146. Anilla daughter
and heir of Robert Singleton (formerly
of Chipping) in her widowhood gave her
hereditary lands in Haighton to Henry
and Ralph sons of Sir Richard Hoghton ;
Add. MS. 32106, no. 663. John son of
William Blundell and cousin and heir of
Roger Blundell in 1491-2 granted to
William Hoghton the lands in Haighton
which had formerly belonged to Alexander
Blundell ; Dods. MSS. cxlii, foL 556.
Lands in Haighton are mentioned in
later Hoghton inquisitions, &c., but the
tenure is not stated. In 1566 Thomas
Hoghton purchased lands, &c., in
Haighton and Dilworth from John
Osbaldeston and Jane his wife ; Pal. of
Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 28, m. 186.
Richard Hoghton in 1577 purchased a
messuage, &c., from Henry Earl of
Derby ; ibid. bdle. 39, m. 93.

14 b See note 22 below.

15 Adam son of Uctred gave all hit
land* in Haighton bounded by Moorsyke,
Thorny Clough, Savock and Cabber Clough
and across the moor to the starting-
point ; Cockersand Chartul. i, 228.

16 Dugdale, Visit. (Chet. Soc.), 322.
The Wadsworths had also the ' manors '
of Fulwood and Cadley ; Exch. Dep. (Rec.
Soc. Lanes, and Ches.), 90.

17 Gillow and Hewitson, Tyldesley
Diary, 62 ; Lanes, and Ches. Rec. (Rec.
Soc. Lanes, and Ches.), i, 171. See alo
Cal. Exch. Pleas, W 2.

18 Fishwick, Preston, 359.

19 John Gerard died in 1635 holding
lands in Warton, Livesey, Whitton,
Withnell and Haighton. His messuage
in the last-named township was called
Rogerson House. The heir was his son
Evan, aged forty ; Duchy of Lane. Inq.
p.m. xxvii, no. 20. An Evan Gerard
' of Brindle,' skinner, was a burgess at
the Guild of 1622 ; Preston Guild R. 89, 93.

20 Fishwick, op. cit. 357, where a pedi-
gree is given.

21 Misc. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.),

1, 222.

M Richard Charnley died in 1623 hold-
ing messuages and lands in Haighton of
the heirs of Balderston by the rent of a
rose ; his heir was his nephew George
(son of Lawrence) Charnley, aged twenty-
four ; Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Rec. Soc.), iii,
367. Henry Charnley died in 1637

AMOUNDERNESS HUNDRED

and some small tenements were registered by
'Papists' in 1717."

BARTON

Bartun, Dom. Bk. ; Barton, 1212 and usually ;
Berton, 1226.

The surface is for the most part level or slightly
undulating, but rises a little more sharply in the
north-east corner, a height of about 230 ft. being
attained. Barton Brook, formed by Westfield Brook
and Sparling Brook from east and north-east respec-
tively, runs diagonally across the area from north-
east to south-west, the Old Hall being to the north
of it and a water corn-mill upon it ; Barton Lodge
and Tunsteads lie to the south of it. The township
contains 2,707^ acres and had a population of 315
in 1 90 1. 1 The hamlet of Newsham in Goosnargh
was included in the township of Barton in 1894.*

The principal road is that from Preston to Lan-
caster, running along the western boundary ; upon
it, near the centre, is the church. The London and
North-Western Company's main line to the north
crosses the north-west corner.

The land is chiefly meadow and pasture ; the soil
is clayey.

A parish council administers the affairs of the
township.

PRESTON

There are remains of ancient crosses near the
eastern border. 3

In 1066 the manor of BJRTON,
M4NOR assessed as four plough-lands, was a member
of the lordship of Preston held by Earl
Tostig. 4 It was no doubt larger than the present
township, which in 1212 is found assessed as only
two plough-lands, being then part of ten held of the
king in thegnage by Walter son of Osbert, ancestor
of the Cliftons of Westby, by the service of 2
annually. 4

The Cliftons and their heirs retained the mesne
lordship of Barton, 6 which in 1212 was held imme-
diately by the heirs of Gilbert dt Barton. 7 Of this
family very little is known 8 ; their rent was 8/.,
being the proportion due for two plough-lands. A
mortgage or settlement of the manor of Barton, with
lands in Goosnargh, was made by John de Barton in
I323, 9 and another settlement by a later John de
Barton and Denise his wife in I38i. 10

Gilbert Barton was in 1496 an outlaw for trespass, 11
and was succeeded by another Gilbert, who died in
1516, leaving a son and heir Thomas, only four years
old." The manor was held of Sir William Molyneux
and Elizabeth his wife, in her right, by a rent of 8/.
She was the daughter and heir of Cuthbert Clifton.

Thomas Barton died in 1554 holding the manor
by a like tenure, the mesne lord being Henry Halsall

holding a messuage in Haighton, with
common of pasture for all cattle, of
Gilbert Hoghton, 'as of his manor of
Haighton,' in socage. Hugh, his son and
heir, was seven years of age ; Duchy of
Lane. Inq. p.m. xxx, no. 62. Henry son
of Hugh Charnley in 1653 desired to be
admitted to compound for the two-thirds
of his father's estate sequestered 'for
recusancy only' in 1643 ; Hugh had died
about 1650 ; Royalist Comp. Papers (Rec.
Soc. Lanes, and Ches.), ii, 202.

Thomas Beesley of Haighton forfeited
his lands for some delinquency, but on
the petition of his son John in 1653 the
sentence seems to have been reversed ;
Index of Royalists (Index Soc.), 41 ;
Royalist Comp. Papers, i, 171-2.

John Hunt was found to have been
convicted of recusancy and to have com-
pounded for his estate in 1634 ; Cal.
Com. for Comp. iv, 3144.

23 Evan (son of John) Gerard of
Haighton and Brindle, Thomas Rogerson,
James Chester, Anne Sudall, Henry
Sudall, Roger Livesey, John Bolton (or
Bilton), Lawrence Simpson and John
Slater ; Estcourt and Payne, Engl. Cath.
Nonjurors, 105, 1378.

1 The Census Rep. of 1901 gives an
rea of 3,055 acres, including 13 of inland

tfater, and a population of 423 ; but in
Jhese figures Newsham in Goosnargh is
included.

2 Loc. Govt. Bd. Order 32199.

3 These are called Barton Cross and
Oak Bank Farm Cross ; Lanes, and Che*.
Antiq. Soc. xx, 179, 1 80. In the former
case a new cross has been placed on the
old pedestal.

4 F.C.H. Lanes, i, 288*.

5 Lanes. Inq. and Extents (Rec. Soc.
Lanes, and Ches.), i, 46, 139.

6 So in the inquest of 1324; Dods.
MSS. cxxxi, i, fol. 39^.

7 Lanes. Inq. and Extents, i, 46.

8 Walter de Barton occurs in 1244 and
Grimbald de Barton in 1253, both in
Amounderness ; ibid, i, 158, 192. Walter

de Barton and William his son attested a
charter copied in Towneley MS. DD
(no. 1835).

Ralph de Catterall in 1292 claimed
certain land in Barton against John de
Barton, but afterwards said it was in
Goosnargh; Assize R. 408, m. 34d.
John de Barton appears again in 1297
and 1307 ; Lanes. Inq. and Extents, i, 289 ;
De Banco R. 163, m. 253.

9 Final Cone. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and
Ches.), ii, 56. John Travers the plaintiff
(? trustee) received two-thirds of the
manor, with tke reversion of the re-
mainder, then in the possession of Alice
wife of Richard de Bury as her dower.
In 1334 Iseult widow of William son of
John de Barton (and afterwards wife of
Adam the Spinner) claimed dower in
Goosnargh against William son of Richard
de Bury and against Sir Richard de
Hoghton, the latter holding by demise of
John son of John de Barton, to whom her
second husband had granted the messuage,
&c., claimed ; De Banco R. 297, m.
230 d. ; 300, m. 143 d. Alice widow of
John de Barton made a claim in 1342
against Adam de Waley and Iseult his
wife ; ibid. 309, m. 289.

John de Barton was described as a
knight in charters of 1335 and 1348 ;
MS. C 8, 5 (Chet. Lib.), Edw. Ill, no. 17;
Kuerden fol. MS. fol. 387.

Sir John de Barton and John his son
were witnesses in 1340 ; DD, no. 1879.

{Catherine daughter of William de
Barton in 1370 claimed the manors of
Barton and Bilsborrow against Richard
de Catterall ; De Banco R. 438, m.

*53-

10 Final Cone, iii, 10. The remainder
wag to Thomas son of John and Denise.

In 1443 lands of Thomas Barton of
Barton in Amounderness were taken for
debt ; PaL of Lane. Chan. Misc. 1/7,
no. 31.

Christopher Barton, son and heir of
Gilbert, was in 1485 to wed Margaret
daughter of William Singleton and widow

127

of Elston; Kuerden fol. MS. fol. 59.
Christopher Barton was living in 1500 ;
ibid. fol. 63.

11 Duchy Plead. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and
Ches.), i, 10.

He was no doubt the Gilbert Barton
the elder who in 1493 made several
grants to his sons and daughters
Anthony, Lawrence, Richard, Hugh,
Gilbert, Etheldreda and Isabel ; Pal. of
Lane. Plea R. 76, m. 4, 4 d., 5 d., 8.
Holmes, Kirks Place and Stokkolhede in
Barton are named.

This Gilbert died in or before 1508,
for William Ireland, who had married his
widow Clemency, was then claiming her
dower in certain messuages, &c., in Barton,
held by Lawrence Barton ; ibid. 104,
m. 4.

12 There are three inquisitions taken
in this order Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m.
v, no. 33, iii, no. 7 (both 1520), v, no. 6
(1521). (i) The first of them relates
particularly to lands held by Gilbert's
wife Margaret, who survived her husband
for over two years. It mentions the above-
named Lawrence, Gilbert, Anthony, Hugh,
Constance, Etheldreda, and Isabel Barton
as still living in 1520; also William,
Thomas and Christopher Barton, younger
sons of Christopher Barton, and Gilbert
son of the Gilbert of the inquisition.
Thomas Barton the heir had been in
the custody of Sir John Warren, and
then of his son Lawrence Warren. See
Ducatus Lane. (Rec. Com.), ii, 24. (2)
The second document relates to the
claim to wardship made shortly after-
wards by Sir William Molyneux and
Elizabeth his wife, they alleging that
Barton was held of them by knight's
service, viz. by the tenth part of a
knight's fee and the rent of 8i. (3) The
third inquisition reaffirms the socage
tenure of the manor of Barton. It gives
field-names in the demesne, including
Ovall, Tonstedes, Akame, Flethycrokes
and Alpham, and a number of tenants'
names.

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

in right of Anne his wife. 18 Richard Barton, the son

and heir, then twenty-two years of age, recorded a

pedigree in I567, 14 and died

in 1572, leaving as heir a son

Thomas, aged sixteen. 15 This

son lived till 1603, and his

son Richard having died in

1600, Thomas's heir was

Richard's daughter Fleetwood,

born in 1595. The manor

was held of Sir Cuthbert

Halsall in socage by a rent of

BARTON of Barton.
Argent three boars'
heads couped sable armed

When four years old Fleet-
wood Barton was married to
Richard son and heir of Sir
Richard Molyneux 17 ; but

this union was afterwards annulled, and she then
married Richard Shuttleworth of Gawthorpe in
Habergham Eaves near Burnley. 18 Barton descended
like Gawthorpe till the death of Robert Shuttleworth
in 1 8 1 6, when he having divided his estates Barton
was inherited by the elder son James, the younger,
Robert, having Gawthorpe. James Shuttleworth in
1833 sold the manor to George Jacson of Preston,
a member of the firm of Horrocks, Jacson & Co.,
whose son Charles Roger Jacson succeeded to it. 19
Having no issue he directed the manor and lands to
be sold at his death, which took place on 3 October

1893, for the benefit of his nephews and nieces.
Portions have been sold, but the lordship of the
manor is said to be vested in his trustees. Barton
Lodge is the manor-house. 20

The Charnley family held an estate in Barton in
141 5. 21 A few other families holding land are known
through the inquisitions. 22

Richard Shuttleworth of Barton being a zealous
Parliamentarian and Presbyterian, the township seems
to have escaped the attention of the Commonwealth
authorities ; but William Cardwell, tanner, and some
others registered estates as 'Papists' in i/ij. 23

There was probably a chapel at the
CHURCH hall from an early time, but there are no
records of it. 24 In 1650 St. Lawrence's
chapel had neither minister nor maintenance. 25 In
1723 Richard Shuttleworth, retaining the right of
presentation, made it a semi-public chapel and gave
some endowment, a grant from Queen Anne's Bounty
being apparently obtained. 26 It was made parochial
in 1850, and was pulled down and rebuilt in l$<)6. 27
The patronage is vested in the Bishop of Manchester
and the representatives of the late Col. Marton
alternately. 28 The following have been incum-
bents :

1832 Thomas Duell

1870 John Denby Harrison, Ph.D. (Rostock)

1905 Herbert James Bardsley, M.A. (Worcester
Coll., Oxf.)

Margaret the widow of Gilbert after-
wards married Francis Morley, and was
claiming dower in Barton in 1518; Pal.
of Lane. Plea R. 123, m. 4.

In 1518, i.e. before the above inquisi-
tions, Thomas Barton had summoned
Lawrence Barton to answer for the
waste, sale and destruction of houses and
woods which Gilbert Barton (grandfather
of Thomas, whose heir he was) had
granted to Lawrence for life ; Pal. of
Lane. Writs Proton. 10 Hen. VIII.

The above statements as to the descent
are difficult to harmonize. According to
the recorded pedigree Gilbert was great-
grandfather of Thomas, which would clear
the matter.

13 Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. x, no. 50.
He held the manor, also twelve messu-
ages, a water mill, a windmill, &c., in
Barton, and lands in Goosnargh, Bils-
borrow and Chipping.

14 Visit, of 1567 (Chet. Soc.), 57.
This gives the descent thus : Thomas
Barton -s. Gilbert -s. Christopher -s.
Gilbert -s. Thomas -s. Richard -s.
Thomas.

For a settlement by Thomas Barton ir.
1599 see Pal. of Lane. Feet of F. b/kle.
61, no. 198. S^

15 Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. xiii, no. 8. ;
the tenure was unchanged. The i

tion names Richard's uncle Gilbe
mother Maud, sister Elizabeth,
Anne, and children John, Andrew and
Maud. His will is recited in it ; his
wife was to hold Barton Hall, the de-
mesne lands, &c., till his son should
attain full age.

For a recovery of the manor in 1573
see Pal. of Lane. Plea R. 233, m. I3d.
For a claim to the manor of ' Barton
Row' in 1575 see Ducatus Lane. (Rec.
Com.), iii, 35.

16 Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and
Ches.), i, 7-11.

! Ibid.

Gilbert,^
i, wife \

18 See the account of Gawthorpe. The
outline of the descent is : Richard Shuttle-
worth, d. 1669 s. Richard, d. 1648 -8.
Sir Richard, d. 1687-8. Richard, d. 1748
-s.James, d. 1773 -s. Robert, d. 1816
-s. James.

A loi\al story relates that ' there was a
large forest hereabouts and it contained a
wild boa^ which played such havoc in
the neighbourhood that Barton the elder
offered in ^marriage his daughter, a rich
heiress, to )he man who would kill it. A
great hunt followed, and on St. Lawrence's
Day one of the Shuttleworths slew the
animal near the house now known as
the Boar's Head ' ; Hewitson, Our Country
Churches, 65.

A settlement of the manor of Barton
was made: by Richard Shuttleworth and
Fleetwood'his wife in 1617-18 ; Pal. of
Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 92, m. 9. There
were others 1 in 1709 by Richard Shuttle-
worth, and r^i 1742 by the same Richard
and James his eldest son and heir ; Pal.
of Lane. Pie* R. 490, m. 6 ; 557, m. 7.

19 Th-pre is a pedigree in Foster's
Lanes. Fed.

20 Fishwick, Preston, 91, 315. Barton
Hall was sold to Alderman William Smith
of Newsham.

31 Final Cone, iii, 73. William Charn-
ley was plaintiff and his parents, John
Charnley of Erlesgate and Amery his
wife, were deforciants.
1 22 Robert Singleton of Brockholes
(^525) held land in Barton of the heirs
oK Gilbert Barton by the rent of a rose ;
Duahy of Lane. Inq. p.m. vi, no. 64.

Gizorge Medgeall (Midgehalgh) held
messutoges in Barton in 1557 of Richard
Barton y>y a rent of 2s. ; Robert his son
and heirxwas aged thirty-three ; ibid, x,
no. 22. .Robert had a son George who
married Elian Parkinson in 1577 and had
a son Robere ; and this Robert left a son
and heir Gerorge, a minor, who died in
the king's custody without issue in 1626.

> 128

His heir was his uncle Edward Mighall,
brother of Robert ; ibid, xxvi, no. 39.

The tenure of Sir Gilbert Gerard's land
in 1593 is not stated separately.

Thomas Cardwell died in 1633 holding
two messuages, &c., of Richard Shuttle-
worth and Fleetwood his wife in socage
by a rent of us. yd. William his son
and heir was sixteen years of age ; ibid.
xxx, no. $9.

Nicholas Cross had land in 1484 ; Pal.
of Lane. Plea R. 61, m. 7.

28 Estcourt and Payne, Engl. Cath.
Nonjurors, 139, 95. William Cardwell
was a son of Thomas. The other names
are George Calvert, Richard Arrowsmith
and George Turner.

Among the convicted recusants of the
time of Charles II was a goldsmith, Thomas
Kitchin ; Misc. (Cath. Rec Soc.),v, 165.

24 It is said to be named in 1577 ;
Raines in Notitia Cestr. ii, 469.

John de Barton in 1348 received
licence from the Archbishop of York to
have services in his oratories within the
deanery of Amounderness ; note by Mr.
Earwaker citing Raines MSS.

25 Common-w. Ch. Surv. (Rec. Soc.
Lanes, and Ches.), 146. The inhabi-
tants desired it to be made a parochial
chapel to Broughton. It is not named in
the Plund. Mins. Acctt.

26 Gastrell, Notitia Cestr. loc. cit. ;
'this chapel was built and has been con-
stantly repaired by the family who enjoyed
the estate and lived in the manor-house,
to which this seems to have been a
domestic chapel.'

An advertisement for a chaplain in
1795 shows that he was to be master also
of Bilsborrow School ; Preston Guard.
Sketches, no. 1526.

27 Fishwick, Preston, 145-7. A view
of the old building is given. See also
Hewitson, op. cit. 64-70.

* 8 The Bishop of Manchester's right
wa formerly that of the Jacsons.

LEA, ASHTON, INGOL AND COTTAM

Lea, Dom. Bk. ; Le, 1212 ; Lee, 1297 ; Eng-
leshel[e], 1200; Englisle, 1292; Inglisle, 1301;
Frenkyssele, 1277 ; Franckesleye, 1292 ; Frensshele,

1352-

Estun, Dom. Bk. ; Eston, 1 1 68 ; Estone, 1 20 1 ;
Assheton, 1292.

Ingole, Ingool, c. I 200.

Cotun, 1227; Cottun, 1258; Cotum, 1261;
Colon, 1280 ; Cotom, xv cent.

This composite township lies to the west of Preston.
It is divided into two nearly equal parts by the Savock
or Savick Brook, flowing west to the border, and
then turning south to become itself the boundary at
that point. The Kibble's old course is the boundary
on the south. The river is tidal here, and the land
by it is level, but the surface rises to about 60 or 70 ft.
above the ordnance datum, and then falls again to the
Savock. North of this stream the ground again rises
and over 100 ft. is attained on the border of Wood-
plumpton.

Lea forms the western part of the township. It
was formerly divided by the Savock into French Lea
on the south and English Lea, now Lea Town, on
the north, but the old names have long been forgotten.
On the northern border is Cottam or Gotham, while
Ingol lies in the north-east corner, on the border of
Broughton. Sidgreaves is or was on the boundary
of English Lea and Cottam. South of the Savock
the eastern part of the township is called Ashton, or
Ashton-upon-Ribble, having Tulketh to the north-
east on the border of Preston, and Ashton Bank on
the south-west by the Kibble. Greaves lies between
Ashton and (French) Lea. A large part of Ashton
has now become urban ; the dock of the Preston
Corporation's Kibble navigation scheme is situated
there in what was formerly the bed of the Kibble, 1
the course of which stream has been straightened.
The township boundaries also have been altered so as
to include about half of Ashton within the township
of Preston.*

The areas of the several parts are as follows : Lea,
1,776 acres ; Ashton, 828^ ; Ingol, 365 ; Cottam,
518^ ; in all 3,488 acres. 8 The population in 1901
was 6,586.*

The principal roads are those from Preston, west

PRESTON

through Ashton, Greaves and Lea towards Lytham,
and north through Ingol to Woodplumpton. From
Greaves on the former road another important one
goes north to Inskip and the Wyre district ; cross-
roads connect it with Cottam, Lea Town and
Clifton. The Preston and Wyre Railway, owned by
the Lancashire and Yorkshire and London and North-
Western companies, runs north-west and west through
the township, with a station called Lea Road. The
Lancaster Canal crosses the Savock from Preston and
then goes west through the township. The Preston
tramway system extends into Ashton, and there are
branch railways to serve the dock.

There are brick and tile works at Ashton and
Cottam. In the other parts of the township agri-
culture remains the only industry.

The present reduced township is governed by a
parish council.

There was formerly a holy well * in Ingol, ' a
walled-in structure reached by a flight of steps.' In
French Lea was St. Catherine's Well.

' Danes Pad ' goes west through Ingol and Cottam ;
it is supposed to mark the line of a Roman road.

In 1066 LEA, assessed as one plough-
MANORS land, and ASHTON as two, were mem-
bers of the fee of Preston or Amoun-
derness held by Earl Tostig. 6 After the Conquest
they appear to have been included in the royal
demesne, and were held in thegnage by a number of
tenants, the hamlets being French Lea, English Lea,
Ashton, Tulketh, Ingol, Cottam, Sidgreaves, and per-
haps others. French Lea, as above stated, lay between
the Savock Brook and the Ribble ; in this part the
hall was built ; while English Lea was to the north
of the Savock. 7

Henry II granted FRENCH LEA among other
manors to Warine de Lancaster to hold by the
service of falconer, 8 and this was confirmed between
1190 and 1 1 94 by John Count of Mortain to
Warine's son Henry de Lea. 9 A further confirma-
tion or renewal was granted in 1 1 99 after John had
become king. 10 In 1 207 the king obtained Henry's
manors of Liverpool and Uplitherland in exchange
for ENGLISH LEA, 11 and the service thenceforward
to be rendered was a payment of zoj. yearly instead
of falconry. 11 The two Leas were thus united
under one lordship and have so remained. In 1212

1 The work of altering and deepening
the course of the Ribble and making the
dock was begun in 1884, and the dock
was opened in 1892 as the! Albert Edward
Dock. The entrance is through a dock
basin and two locks. Vessels ofi8-ft.
draught can come up to the dock. Ware-
houses have been built at the side of it.

8 Part of Ashton was included within
the municipal borough in 1880 and a
further part in 1888 ; in 1894 these
part* were included also in the township of
Preston by Loc. Govt. Bd. Order 31607.

3 The Census Rep. of 1901 gives 3,098
acres, including 18 of inland water, as the
area of the present reduced township
the old name being retained and 357
acres, including 2 of inland water, as the
area of the part taken into Preston. In
addition there are 22 acres of tidal water
and i 3 of foreshore in the reduced town-
ship ; while the alteration of the Ribble
course and the boundary have made further
changes at the expense of Penwortham,
perhaps 100 acres.

4 Eight-ninths (viz. 5,872 persons) were
within the borough (and new township)
of Preston.

6 Lanes, and Ches. Antiq. Soc. xx,

173-

V.C.H. Lanes, i, 288*.

7 The positions of the two parts of the
township are shown by various charters.
Thus about 1290 Amphelicia widow of
Richard le Scrivain (scrivener) released
to William de Lea her lord her right to
dower in her husband's lands beyond
Wadebridgegate towards the west in
French Lea, between Ribble and Savock,
and also all the land her son William
had granted in Sidgreaves ; Add. MS.
32106, no. 460. The same William son
of Richard le Scrivain of French Lea
released to William son of Sir Henry de
Lea land within bounds which began
at Wadebridge, followed Wadebridgegate
across to the Ribble, along Ribble to
Savock, and along Savock to Wade-
bridge ; ibid. no. 457. It may be added
that Richard son of Robert Scriftoriut of

129

French Lea occurs in another deed ;
ibid. no. 419.

The two Leas, English and French,
seem also to have been known as Great
and Little Lea.

8 This grant is known only by the
confirmations. Warine the Falconer is
named in the Pipe Roll of 1185-6;
Farrer, Lanes. Pipe R. 60. As Warine
de Lancaster he gave the fourth part of
an oxgang of land in Lea to the abbey of
Cockersand for the soul of King Henry,
&c. ; Cockersand Chartul. (Chet. Soc.), i,
207. Warine probably died about 1191.

9 Farrer, op. cit. 432 ; it mentions a
confirmation previously granted by John
to Warine de Lancaster. Henry son of
Warine gave 20 marks for the charter ;
ibid. 1 1 6.

10 Chart. R. (Rec. Com.), 26.

11 In the Pipe Roll of 1200-1 English
Lea appears as paying an increment of
4J. for the half-year ; Farrer, op. cit.
130.

13 Cat. Rot. Chart. (Rec. Com.), 171.

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

accordingly Henry de Lea was recorded as holding in
all six plough-lands by the king's charter and rendering
2O/. 13 The two Leas seem then to have been con-
sidered as one plough-land, as in 1066, and 3/. \d.
was the portion of the rent charged on them 14 ; but
in the 1 4th century they are called two plough-
lands. 18

Henry de Lea 16 was succeeded by his son Sir
John de Lea, of whom little is known. 17 He died
in I z65, 18 leaving two sons Sir Henry and Baldwin,

the former being his successor. Sir Henry was a
prominent man in the county 19 and was at one time
sheriff. 20 He died in I 288, leaving as heir his son
William de Lea, 21 who acquired the manor of Molling-
ton Banastre near Chester by his marriage with
Clemency Banastre. 22 Their son Henry, 23 taking
part with Adam Banastre in his rebellion in October-
November 1315, was executed 24 ; but his sister Sibyl
was able to secure the inheritance, which she carried
by marriage to Sir Richard de Hoghton of Hoghton. 25

* 3 Lanes. Inq. and Extents (Rec. Soc.
Lanes, and Ches.), i, 21. The grant to
Cockersand made by Henry's father
Warine is recorded, as also a further gift
by Henry himself.

The six plough-lands seem to have
been made up thus : Ainsdale 2, Ravens-
meols 3, Lea I.

14 The vill of Lea rendered 40^. yearly
to the Earl of Lancaster in 1297 ; ibid.
i, 289. Richard de Hoghton in 1324
held the manor by the service of 31. 4^.
at Michaelmas; Dods. MSS. cxxxi, fol. 39.

15 In 1346 Adam de Hoghton held
both Leas as two plough-lands by the
service of the third part of a knight's fee,
giving relief, and paying 35. $.d. yearly
for castle ward; Sur-v. of 1346 (Chet.
Soc.), 54. The two Leas are again called
two plough-lands in 1445-6 ; Duchy of
Lane. Knights' Fees, bdle. 2, no. 20. They
were then held by the third part of a fee.

16 He confirmed his father's gift to
Cockersand ; Chartul. i, 209. He also
allowed Walter son of Simon to give part
of his land in Lea, by Fulford at the
Savock ; ibid, i, 208. He gave land in
English Lea near the Outlane and Mere-
lich (the boundary between English Lea
and Ashton) to Richard son of Owen ;
Anct. D. (P.R.O.), C 2146. To Uctred
son of Edith he gave a toft and croft in
Lea, with two nets free in the Ribble,
for a rent of izd. ; Add. MS. 32106, no.
50. To Peter son of Geoffrey he gave
land within bounds which name Blake-
mon Syke and Katelaw Syke ; ibid. no.
53. To his son Richard he gave land in
the Spitalfield ; ibid. no. 69.

In English Lea he granted i oxgang
of land to Roger son of Levenot, which
the said Levenot had held ; ibid. no. 55.
A more important grant was made by
him as Henry de Lea son of Warine de
Lancaster about 1230, giving his daughter
Amice the moiety of the whole vill of
English Lea with all its appurtenances
at a rent of 3*. ; ibid. no. 379.

There is a charter of William son of
Henry son of Warine de Lancaster
respecting Sidgreaves, ibid. no. 380.

' Henry de Lancaster son of Warine '
gave a plot of land in Forton to the
monks of Furness in exchange for another
piece for the souls of William de Lan-
caster, Warine de Lancaster and Mabel
his wife, Richard Fitton father of his own
wife Margaret, &c. ; Harl. Chart. (B.M.)
52 I, i. The round seal has a bird with
the inscription -j- SIGILL -^- HENRICI DE
LANCA -J-. William de Lancaster (either
I or II) is called the uncle of Warine ;
Cockersand Chartul. ii, 366. For the
Fittons see the account of Harwood.

17 He attested various charters. William
de Scales son of Gilbert granted Sir John
de Lea a selion in English Lea, lying
between land of Henry son of Roger and
land of Herbert the Clerk, in exchange
for a messuage in the same vill ; Add.
MS. 32106, no. 411. Sir John occurs
several timei between 1244 and 1261 ;

Lanes. Inq. and Extents, i, 158, 184,
227. 18 Ibid. 234.

19 He gave land in the Millfield in
French Lea to Cockersand Abbey ;
Chartul. i, 210. The seal to this grant
is drawn by Dodsworth (cxlii, fol. 17);
it shows a bend lozengy, with the legend
-J- s. HENRICI DE LEE. A number of
grants to and by him are contained among
the Hoghton deeds in Add. MS. 32106.
Among them may be cited the following :
Henry son of Uctred of English Lea gave
Henry son of John de Lea all his land in
English Lea, about 1230, Henry de Lea
(i.e. the grandfather) being a witness ;
no. 80. Henry son of Adam de Leahead
gave all his land in Leahead to Henry
son of John de Lea, a rent of izd.
to be paid to St. Saviour's in Ribbledale
(i.e. Stidd) ; no. 58. The same grantor
also gave land in the field called Westley
in French Lea ; no. 458. Robert son of
Henry of French Lea gave Henry son of
John de Lea five selions in Leferirley ;
no. 401. Adam son of William Edwin
made an exchange of land in the field
called the Mekes with Sir Henry de Lea ;
no. 433. In 1281 an exchange in the
Crofts and Geoffreyfield was made
between John son of Alan of French Lea
and Sir Henry de Lea ; no. 65. William
the reeve of Lea was a witness.

Henry de Lea appears as the king's
bailiff in 1256 ; Lanes. Inq. and Extents,
i, 205-6. He became tenant of the
Cockersand land in Lea in 1262 ; Final
Cone. (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.), i,
141. He was defendant to a claim for a
tenement in French Lea made by Alice
daughter of Robert de Staining in 1278 ;
Assize R. 1238, m. 31 ; 1239, m. 39.

20 P.R.O. List of Sheriffs, 72.

11 Lanes. Inq. and Extents, i, 273. In
addition to Lea Sir Henry held Charnock,
part of Wheelton and Ravensmeols. He
held Lea of Edmund Earl of Lancaster
by the service of 40^., having 2 oxgangs
of land in demesne there, each worth
51. a year, and 6 oxgangs in service, each
worth 2s. a year ; also a water-mill,
worth half a mark yearly. William the
son and heir was thirty years old.

* 3 Dods. MSS. cxlii, fol. 32*. Clemency
was daughter of Robert Banastre.

As William son of Sir Henry de Lea
he made an exchange of land on the cast
side of Baddebridgegate for land on the
west side thereof with William son of
Roger of French Lea ; Add. MS. 32106,
no. 39. John son of Alan de Lea granted
his lord William de Lea certain land in
French Lea, lying in Merclie, in Gild-
homefield, in Overthemarketgate field,
also selions called Staniggefethir and
Crauthornland ; ibid. no. 44. Roger son
of Mille of English Lea in 1284 gave
William de Lea, his lord, an acre in
English Lea, a candle having to be given
yearly to God and St. Mary ; ibid. no.
47. Richard the Miller of Lea con-
firmed to William his lord two butts of
land in English Lea, lying in the Merst-

130

holme between the Scalebanks and the
new bridge ; no. 308.

In 1292 William de Lea was sum-
moned to prove his title to the manor,
which he did by showing the grants
above cited ; Plac. de Quo Warr. (Rec.
Com.), 380. In 1296 Margery widow
of Alan de Ingol released to her lord
William de Lea all right in lands which she
and Alan had sold to him, which lands
were in the fields called Becanesfurlong
and Eastgreaves in English Lea in Syke
Meadow, in Wadebridgeholme, Wade-
bridge Meadow and Mill Carr ; Add. MS.
32106, no. 388. In 1301 an agreement
was made between William de Lea and
Robert de Haydock ; Dods. MSS. Ixx, fol.
1 54^. William de Lea appears to have
died in April 1302, leaving his son and
heir Henry, a minor ; Mins. Accts. 771,
no. i.

33 In 1311 Sir Henry de Lea granted
to Thomas son of David de Sidgreaves and
Alice his wife 3 acres in the field called
Williamcroft in the vill of Sidgreaves at
a rent of ioj. ; Add. MS. 32106, no. 436.
In 1312 William son and heir of Gilbert
de Ashton released his right in Brookfield
(? in Ashton) to Sir Henry de Lea ; ibid,
no. 485. Roger son of Roger son of
Emma de Sidgreaves in 1313 gave all his
land in Lea to Sir Henry ; ibid. no. 347.

14 The insurgents were defeated on 4
Nov. 1315, and Henry de Lea for a week
or more remained hiding in the moors and
woods, being captured by William de
Holland, and afterwards beheaded by order
of the Earl of Lancaster ; Coram Rege
R. 254, m. 52.

28 Dods. MSS. cxlii, fol. 32*. Henry
de Lea had two brothers (or half brothers),
William and Thomas, mentioned in 1301;
Add. MS. 32106, no. 889. Sir William
de Lea, son of William de Lea, in 1337
released to Sir Richard de Hoghton,
Agnes widow of Sir Henry de Lea, Sir
Adam de Hoghton and others all right in
the manors of English Lea, French Lea,
Ashton by Preston, &c. ; ibid. no. 891.
For Sir William see the account of
Croston.

In 1 3 20 Thomas son of Roger son of
Emma of English Lea released to Sir
Richard de Hoghton and Sibyl his wife
all that land which Sir Henry de Lea,
brother of Sibyl, had had by the gift of
Thomas's brother Roger in English Lea ;
ibid. no. 735. Sir Richard in 1323
acquired from Henry son of John de
Lea land given him by William son of
Sir Henry de Lea ; ibid. no. 52. Later,
in 1327, Avice widow of Richard de
Claughton granted Sir Richard two butts
of her land in the vill of English Lea,
near the tithe barn of Lea and adjoining
the king's way from Preston to Kirkham ;
ibid. no. 43

Adam He Hoghton in 1341 granted
common of pasture in Lea Marsh to
certain tenants of John son of William de
Lea ; ibid. no. 765. Willizm de Dutton,
clerk, apparently the trustee of Thomas

AMOUNDERNESS HUNDRED

From that time Lea has descended in the same way as
Hoghton. 26

The family seem to have found Lea a desirable
residence, and were often known as Hoghton of
Lea. 27 The most prominent incident of their tenure
was the tragedy of 1589, when a feud between the
Langton and Hoghton families resulted in a night
attack on Lea Hall and the death of Thomas
Hoghton, the lord. The story is thus told 28 :

Thomasine widow of John Singleton of Staining
in right of herself and her daughters claimed certain
oxen feeding in an inclosed pasture adjoining Thomas
Hoghton's manor-house called the Lea on 2 I Novem-
ber 1589 ; these cattle had been removed from
Staining by George Singleton the brother of John.
William Anderton of Anderton Ford, a kinsman of
the widow's, she being a daughter of Roger Anderton,
asked Thomas Langton of Walton-le-Dale to take the
cattle away from the Lea, arguing that it might law-
fully be done. Langton accordingly on 20 Novem-
ber warned a number of his tenants to be ready to
accompany him with their weapons, and asked the
help of Thomas Singleton of Broughton. About
eleven o'clock at night Langton, Anderton, the
Singletons and their aiders, about eighty in all, armed
with pikes, guns, long staves, Welsh hooks on staves,
swords, daggers, bows, arrows, and bills, assembled on
Preston Marsh for the purpose of seizing the cattle,
their watchword being ' The crow is white ! ' They
reached the Lea about an hour after midnight,
dividing themselves into two companies, of which one
passed through the outer court of the manor-house to
reach the cattle inclosure. Thomas Hoghton had

PRESTON

had several hours' warning and had made prepara-
tions to resist. He and a company of friends and
tenants, including William Hulton and his two sons,
to the number of thirty, armed themselves with staves,
a pike, a gun charged with hail shot, two pistols, a
bow and arrows, swords and daggers, and placed
themselves near the inclosure to guard the cattle.
Their cry was ' Black, black ! ' The two companies
met and ' a great affray began between them within
60 yards of the said mansion house.' The first attack
having been repulsed a fresh one was made in which
Thomas Hoghton was killed and one man on the
other side. After this the assailants appear to have
withdrawn.

Complaint was made and an inquiry immediately
ordered, which was held at the beginning of January,
the Earl of Derby and Sir Richard Shireburne stating
that they had taken steps to quell the disturbance
and arrest the offenders as soon as they heard of the
matter. Thomas Langton, sore wounded, was arrested
as he lay in bed at Broughton Tower ; Thomasine
Singleton and others were sent to Lancaster Castle.

Anne the widow of the Thomas Hoghton thus
slain had Lea Hall for her life ; she afterwards married
Richard Shireburne of Stonyhurst. 29

A record of the arms displayed at Lea Hall, 1591
to 1636, has been preserved. 30

No courts have been held for the manor for many
years, but rolls extending from 1622 to 1774 are
preserved at Walton-le-Dale. 31

Several minor families occur taking a surname
from the Leas. 32 SIDGRE4VES was at one time
held by Baldwin de Lea, above-named, 33 and it also

the Priestsknave of Preston, gave Sir
Adam de Hoghton in 1371 all Thomas's
lands in English Lea; ibid. no. 355.
This charter was dated at French Lea.
Maud widow of William de Freckleton in
1388 granted all her lands in English Lea
to Sir Richard de Hoghton ; ibid. no. 75.
In 1393 John de Whitley and Ellen his
wife granted Sir Richard a messuage and
land in the vill of Lea which Adam son
of William had received from his brother
John ; ibid. no. 464.

Thomas Whiteside of Burscough in
1419 granted to Sir Richard Hoghton all
those lands in French Lea which he had
by his wife Alice daughter of John the
Spenser, and Richard Whiteside, the son,
agreed ; ibid. no. 549, 299.

56 A number of the Hoghton tenants
in French Lea and Ashton are named in
an agreement of 1 3 34 ; Final Cone, ii, 94.

The manor of Lea is constantly named
in the Hoghton inquisitions, &c. Sir
Richard Hoghton was in 1422 found to
have held the manor of French Lea of the
king as of his duchy by knight's service
and a rent of zod., and English Lea by
the same tenure, the two being the third
part of a knight's fee and worth 5 marks
a year ; Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Chet. Soc.), i,
145. So in 1580 the manor of Lea and
lands, &c., there were held of the queen
as of her duchy by the third part of a
knight's fee ; Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m.
xiv, no. 26. Sir Henry Hoghton and
Dame Susanna his wife were vouchees in
a recovery of the manors of Lea and
Ashton in 1 742 ; Pal. of Lane. Plea R.
554, m. 12.

n Sir Adam de Hoghton in 1348 had
licence for oratories in his manors of
Alston, Lea and Thornton ; Canon
Raines' note from York records.

General pardons were in 1469 granted
to Alexander Hoghton of French Lea, esq.,
and to Henry Hoghton of French Lea
(otherwise of Hoghton), esq. ; Add. MS.
32106, no. 366-7.

A number of tenants of pasture in Lea
are named in 1582 ; Pal. of Lane. Feet
of F. bdle. 46, m. 39.

88 Add. MS. 32106, fol. 205*.

*' Ibid. no. 776.

30 Tram. tint. Soc. (new ser.), xiv,
216.

81 Information of Mr. J. H. Lumby.
The customs of the manor were in dispute
in 1691-2 ; Exch. ></>. (Rec. Soc. Lanes,
and Ches.), 78, 8 1.

82 Some of them have occurred in pre-
ceding notes. The following particulars
may be added :

Henry son of Uctred of English Lea
granted Adam son of Gillomichael his
kinsman 6$ acres in English Lea. Four
of the acres were in Berifurlong, two lay
between Alan's Dyke and Russilache, and
the half acre was next to Adam the Stud-
herd's acre ; Add. MS. 32106, no. 409.
Henry de Lea and John his son were
witnesses.

The following witnesses to a charter
show that the users of the surname were
numerous about 1270: Henry de Lea
son of Alan ; Robert son of Henry de
Lea, Robert son of Roger de Lea, Uctred
de Lea, Alan son of Alan de Lea Gallica ;
ibid. no. 416.

In 1292 Alice widow of John son of
Adam de Lea claimed dower in Lea against
Adam son of Henry de Lea, who called
Baldwin son of John de Lea to warrant
him ; Assize R. 408, m. 33. At the
same time Maud daughter of Robert de
Lea claimed a tenement in French Lea
against Thomas Uttingesone ; ibid. m. 58.

William son of Robert Backman in 1301
made a claim against Henry son of Emma
de ' Inglisle ' respecting a tenement in
English Lea, but did not prosecute it ;
Assize R. 419, m. 7. The claim was
renewed or continued in 1324-5, the
plaintiffs name being given as William
son of Robert son of Robert de Lea ;
Assize R. 426, m. 2. A settlement by
Thomas Johnson Amotson and Ellen his
wife in 1385 may refer to the same
family; Final Cone, iii, 25.

James son of Richard Lea and cousin
and heir of John Lea in 1532 granted
lands, &c., in French Lea to Sir Richard
Hoghton ; Add. MS. 32106, no. 73.
The said James and John his son were
'of English Lea' in 1564; ibid. fol. 189.
John Lea made a feoffment of lands in
English Lea in 1574 for the benefit of
his son Alexander and Janett his wife,
daughter of John Bayne ; ibid. no. 786.
In 1587 Thomas Hoghton purchased a
messuage, &c., in Lea from Alexander
(son and heir of John) Lea and Janett his
wife ; Pal. of Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 49,
m. 250.

38 Thomas son of Uctred de Lea released
to Baldwin de Lea his claim to service for
a tenement in Sidgreaves ; Add. MS.
32106, no. 42. William son of Henry
son of Warine de Lancaster released the
service of Robert Spendlow in Sidgreaves,
viz. 1 6d., to Baldwin son of John de Lea ;
ibid. no. 380. Robert Spendlow released
to Baldwin de Lea the service 01 Roge/
Spendlow his brother for a tenement in
Sidgreaves in the fee of English Lea and
also of Robert White ; ibid. no. 416, 420.,
Baldwin also obtained a ' land ' in the
Astewaldis in Sidgreaves, extending east
to west from the road to the moor to a
syke of Remisgrene ; ibid. no. 395.

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

occurs as a
occurs

surname. 34 GRE47ES in French Lea
I277. 35 The Knights Hospitallers 36 and
Cockersand Abbey 37 had land in Lea. Robert son
of Robert son of Auger of French Lea gave land
there, with his body, to St. Cuthbert of Durham in
connexion with Lytham Priory. 38

One plough-land in 4SHTON was granted by
John when Count of Mortain to Arthur de Ashton,

to be held in free thegnage by the service of IOJ.
yearly, and this was confirmed when he became king
in II99. 39 It had formed part of the honour of
Peverel forfeited about U53- 40 Arthur de Ashton
died in 1201, when his son Richard succeeded, 41 but
in 1 2 1 2 it was recorded merely that ' the heir of
Arthur de Ashton ' held the plough-land by the
service named. 42 The inheritance became divided, 43

Robert son of Geoffrey de Lea in 1 3 34
acquired an estate in Great Lea from
Richard son of Baldwin ; Final Cone, ii,
92.

34 Adam son of Adam de Sidgreaves
gave his son-in-law Gilbert a half- acre on
the west side of the out-lane in Sid-
greaves, with common of pasture in
English Lea ; Add. MS. 32106, no. 45.
Robert Spendlow (son of Richard) gave
an acre in Sidgreaves to Uctred son of
Eda de Sidgreaves at a rent of ^d, sterling ;
ibid. no. 401.

In 1292 Roger son of Roger Spendlow
of Sidgreaves was non-suited in a claim
for a tenement in the place made against
Robert son of Ralph de Sidgreaves and
Ellen his wife ; Assize R. 408, m. 76.

Soon afterwards (1294-5) the last-
named Ellen stated that her husband, who
had been hanged for felony, had held a
messuage and lands in Lea of her patri-
mony ; Inq. p.m. 22 Edw. I, no. 86 ; 23
Edw. I, no. no.

85 Margery widow of Alexander son of
Warine in 1277 claimed dower against
Richard son of John del Greaves in
respect of two messuages and 2 oxgangs
of land in French Lea ; De Banco R. 21,
m. 27 d., 94 d. The hamlet of Greaves
was said to be in the vill of French Lea
in 1404; Add. MS. 32106, no. 513.

36 Part or all was in Sidgreaves ;
Kuerden MSS. ii, fol. 132. Roger son
of Levenot of English Lea in making to
his son Uctred a grant of the eighth part
of an oxgang in English Lea, next to
Swingilcar, excepted half an acre given to
the Hospitallers ; ibid, iv, L 59.

John son of Adam de Lea granted to
the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem
half a 'land ' in Longfield in English Lea
and half a land on Old Bruches next Sir
John de Lea's land, beginning at the
Spitalfield and extending as far as the
moor ; Kuerden fol. MS. fol. 234.

George Atkinson died in 1639 holding
a messuage and lands in Lea which had
belonged to the Hospitallers. His heir
was his sister Anne Hodgson, widow, aged
fifty-eight ; Towneley MS. C 8, 1 3 (Chet.
Lib.), I. James Harrison died in 1610
holding a messuage in English Lea of
Richard Shireburne (as of the Hospital of
Jerusalem) ; John his son and heir was
aged twenty-eight in 1633 ; ibid. 498.

37 In addition to grants already recited
the canons had land in Mill Furlong,
with easements of the vill of French Lea,
from Richard the Clerk of Lea ; Cocker-
tand Chartul. i, 209.

88 Lytham D. at Durham, 2 a, 2ae, 430
Ebor, no. 42-3 ; 4 acres were in Wites-
stanes Furlong, &c.

3 Chart. R. (Rec. Com.), 26. The
township is named in 1168-9 as contri-
buting to the aid together with Preston ;
Farrer, Lanes. Pipe R. 12. Arthur de
Ashton gave 20 marks for the confirma-
tion of his charter; ibid. 116. Theobald
Walter in 12001 appeared against Arthur
de Ashton in a plea of half a plough-land
and a mill in Ashton ; Corain Rege R.
22, in. a. d.

40 Farrer, op. cit. 5, 36 ; Lanes. Inq. and
Extents (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.), i, 1 20.
It is possible that the second plough-land
in Ashton remained in the king's hands
after the grant to Arthur de Ashton, and
was transferred to the Earl of Ferrers,
who is said to have held them in 1216-22;
ibid. It was probably divided among the
other tenants of Lea and Ashton, and
that may account for the increase in the
assessment of Lea from one plough-land
to two. There was, however, no increase
in the rent paid.

In charters already given Sidgreaves is
described as being in English Lea, but in
a grant to Cockersand by Richard Spend-
low it is said to be in Ashton, the bounds
being fully described : From Fulesyke
where the Plumpton road crossed it to
the boundary to Cottam and Sidgreaves,
south to the Savock, &c. ; with appurte-
nant easements in Ashton, and the
sixteenth part of a fishery in the Ribble ;
Cocker sand Chartul. i, 213.

The vill of Ashton paid lOs. to the
Earl of Lancaster in 1297 ; Lanes. Inq.
and Extents, i, 289.

41 Rot. de Oblatis et Fin. (Rec. Com.),
115. Richard paid ioo*. as relief ; Farrer,
op. cit. 130.

42 Lanes. Inq. and Extents, i, 50. The
'heir' is again unnamed in 1226, when
the tenure was called drengage ; ibid.
140. The same uncertainty as to the
succession is shown in the Pipe Rolls of
12056, when the heir of Arthur de
Ashton paid los. scutage ; Farrer, op. cit.
205. Again in 1210-11, the heir owed
iooj. for relief; ibid. 242.

43 Robert son of Arthur de Ashton
gave half an acre in Geoffrey's assart on
the east side of the vill of Ashton to the
canons of Cockersand ; Chartul. i, 214.
The record of the payment of relief cited
above (Rot. de Oblatis, 115) states that
Richard and William sons of Arthur
paid it, but William's name is cancelled.
About 1230 Adam son of Waltheof the
White of Ashton granted his brother
Henry lands in Ashton held of William
son of Richard de Ashton, and in Lea
held of Sir Henry de Lancaster ; Add.
MS. 32106, no. 505. William Breton
was then Sheriff of Kent ; Dep. Keeper's
Rep. xxxi, App. 297. William and Robert
de Ashton were living in 1242 ; Lanes.
Inq. and Extents, i, 1 5 1

The division of the inheritance was
probably due to Arthur de Ashton him-
self, for he gave his son Robert ' the
whole moiety of all his tenement in
Ashton with all its appurtenances and
with his messuage and garden and the
whole moiety of all his demesnes,' the
rent being a spur ; Add. MS. 32106, no.
381. The seal showed a bird with out-
spread wings and had the legend + SIGILL.
ARTURI DE ESTUN. To his son Richard
he gave all the land on the north side of
Savock, from Gamel's bridge to the boun-
dary of English Lea, and so round to the
road (via) from Plumpton and the street
(strata) which came down to the bridge
named ; ibid. no. 375. Another charter

132

by Arthur to the same Richard was given
into the safe keeping of Adam son of Sir
William Banastre in 1330; Dods. MSS.
Ixx, fol. 1546.

The descent of the various portions
cannot be traced clearly. Adam son of
Warine de Lancaster and his wife Alice
released to Robert son of Arthur all that
Arthur had given his son, except a grant
made by Robert to the said Adam ; Add.
MS. 32106, no. 378. About the same
time Eva de Ashton, widow, released to
Robert de Ashton some land ; ibid. no.
433. Susan widow of one Robert de
Ashton was plaintiff in 1277 ; De Banco
R. 21, m. 27 d.

Mabot, the widowed daughter of Robert
de Ashton (then dead), gave her brother
Robert all the land in Ashton given in
free marriage when she espoused William
son of Walter de Penwortham ; Add.
MS. 32106, no. 455. A similar grant
in 1282 seems to carry the descent a step
further ; by it Maud daughter of Robert
de Ashton released to her brother William
de Ashton a toft and croft formerly be-
longing to her uncle Ralph de Ashton ;
ibid. no. 511. The same Maud, as
widow of Robert de Newton, released to
William son of Robert de Ashton all
right to land which her father Robert had
given on her marriage ; ibid. no. 489. In
or about 1298 William son of Robert de
Ashton gave to William de Lea, his lord,
an acre in Ashton and all his part of the
water of the Ribble ; ibid. no. 894. In
1301 Henry son of William de Lea gave
William son of Robert de Ashton all his
lands, &c., in Ashton, reserving homages
and services ; Dods. MSS. cxlii, fol. 27.
Ten years later William son of Robert
de Ashton gave Sir Henry de Lea his
manor and all his lands in the vill of
Ashton; Add. MS. 32106, no. 888.
From the names of the attesting wit-
nesses this was evidently a grant of special
importance.

Alice daughter of William son of
Arthur, a widow, gave to Cockersand
Abbey a moiety of her wood in Ashton
and the carr of Tulketh ; Dods. MSS.
cxlii, fol. 34^. The wardship of the heir
of William de Ashton no doubt a later
William was in 1291 given by Edmund
(Earl of Lancaster) to Thomas le Sureys ;
Add. MS. 32106, no. 494.

Roger de Ashton seems to have in-
herited the manor of Ashton, for it
descended to Richard son of Roger, who
in or about 1298 gave it to Henry son of
William de Lea in exchange for land
in English Lea and a sum of money.
The remainders were to William and
Thomas, brothers of Henry ; Add. MS.
32106, no. 890. In 1301 the said Henry
granted his manor of Ashton to William
his father, and William deputed his
brother Henry de Lea to receive it
accordingly; ibid. no. 897, 587. Another
agreement describes the estate transferred
by Richard de Ashton to Henry de Lea
as two parts and the third of a third part,
with the reversion of a third of two parts
held in dower by Adam de ' Hoyton '

AMOUNDERNESS HUNDRED

and one moiety or share was obtained by Lea and
the other by Haydock. 44 The Lea portion descended
like that manor to the Hoghtons, 45 and ceased to
have any distinct history. Of the Haydock portion
a part was given to a younger son, ancestor of the
Haydocks of Cottam, and the remainder came to
Alice and Aline, daughters and co-heirs of John
de Haydock, and thus was divided between the

PRESTON

families of Travers of Nateby and Lawrence of
Ribbleton. 46 The Travers manor was in 1625 sold
to Hugh Rigby. 47 The history of the Lawrence
share is unknown. 48 The Waltons of Preston also
seem to have had part of the manor. 49 TULKETH
in Ashton, where the monks of Savigny resided before
they settled in Furness, 80 became a seat of the Travers
family till the ijth century. 61 Afterwards it passed

(Hoghton) and Avice his wife ; Dods.
MS. cxlii, fol. 30*. It appears that Avice
was the widow of Roger de Ashton ; De
Banco R. 316, m. 466.

44 The Hoghton charters have been
given in the preceding note. The pro-
portions held by the different lords seem
to have varied. In 1324 Richard de
Hoghton held a moiety of Ashton by the
service of 51., while Lawrence Travers
and William Lawrence (in right of their
wives) held the other moiety by 51. also ;
Dods. MSS. cxxxi, foL 396.

In 1346, however, some readjustment
had taken place, and while Sir Adam de
Hoghton held a moiety of the manor (by
the twelfth part of a knight's fee) he paid
only 3*. yd. ; Edmund de Haydock,
Thomas Travers and William Lawrence
held a plough-land in socage by rents of
2s. 6a". t y. \d. and $d. respectively ;
Sur-v. of 1346 (Chet. Soc.), 46-8. Thus
the ioj. rent was contributed by four
partners, three of whom held the ' plough-
land ' in socage while the other held a
' moiety of the manor ' by knight's ser-
vice. At the same time Lea was stated
to be two plough-lands instead of one.
Cottam seems to have been regarded as
held of the lords of Ashton, so that Hay-
dock contributed is. ^d. for the Hoghton
moiety and it. $d. for that held of
Lawrence and Trovers. In 1 3 54 William
Lawrence held a fourth part of the
manor ; Final Cone, ii, 141.

In 1356 Sir Adam de Hoghton claimed
his part of the manor, alleging that John
son of Thomas Travers of Tulketh, Alice
widow of William Lawrence and Thomas
son of Geoffrey de Hackinsall had occupied
parts of it ; Assize R. 441, m. 4 d.

The extent made in 1445-6 shows a
distribution of the lordship like that of
1 346 ; Duchy of Lane. Knights* Fees,
bdle. 2, no. 20. Roger Travers of Nateby
had the fourth part of the manor in 1403 ;
Kuerden MSS. iv, G zb.

In 1301 various agreements were
made by the partners in the vill. Robert
de Haydock released to William de Lea,
Henry his son and Richard de Ashton all
right to their homage and services ; Add.
MS. 32106, no. 474. William de Lea
conceded a moiety of the manor to
Robert de Haydock, viz. that moiety
which Richard son of Roger de Ashton
had given to Henry son of William de
Lea ; ibid. no. 509. A partition of the
manor-house seems to have accompanied
these agreements ; the chamber to the
east was given to Richard de Ashton, the
whole of the hall to Robert de Haydock
and the chamber to the west to William
de Lea ; ibid. no. 507. Robert de Hay-
dock was probably acting as trustee for
his nieces.

In 1324 an agreement was made be-
tween Sir Richard de Hoghton, William
Lawrence and Alice his wife on one side
and Lawrence Travers and Aline his wife
on the other ; ibid. no. 759. Another
agreement was made in 1330 between
Sir Richard dc Hoghton on the one side
and Lawrence Travers and William Law-

rence on the other as to the partition of
certain meadows previously held by Avice
de Howick ; Dods. MSS. cxlii, fol. 30.

44 The Hoghton family continued to
acquire fresh portions of Ashton. In
1329 William son of Richard del Greaves
released all title in his father's lands to
Sir Richard de Hoghton ; Add. MS.
32106, no. 450. Robert the Graveson
of Ashton in 1 348 transferred his lands
(formerly Ralph the Tailor's) to Sir Adam
de Hoghton ; ibid. no. 479. Four years
later Cecily widow of Thomas de Ham-
bleton and Thomas son of Henry son of
John de Sidgreaves sold to Sir Adam lands
which had belonged to Cecily's father ;
ibid. no. 4801. She was daughter of
Henry del Greaves, and 'her land lay in
Dawfield in the hamlet of Greaves in the
vill of Ashton ; ibid. no. 484, 6 1.

John son of Gilbert son of Adam de
Ashton in 1370 released to Sir Adam de
Hoghton all claim on the inheritance of
Roger de Ashton ; ibid. no. 477.

Sir Richard Hoghton in 1422 held a
moiety of the manor of Ashton by the
twelfth part of a knight's fee and 31. yd.
rent ; Lanes. Inq. p.m. (Chet. Soc.), i,
145. In 1580 Thomas Hogh ton's tene-
ment in Ashton next Preston and Greaves
was said to be held of the queen as of her
Duchy of Lancaster by the third part of a
fourth part of a knight's fee ; Duchy of
Lane. Inq. p.m. xiv, no. 26.

The remainder of the manor of Ashton
seems to have been acquired by 1595,
when 'the manor' is named among the
Hoghton estates ; Pal. of Lane. Feet of
F. bdle. 57, m. 178. Sir Richard Hoghton
died in 1630 holding the manors of Lea
and Ashton of the king by the third
part of a knight's fee ; Duchy of Lane.
Inq. p.m. xxvii, no. 13. The manors of
Lea and Ashton appear together in later
Hoghton settlements, e.g. Pal. of Lane.
Plea R. 554, m. 12.

46 The origin of the Haydock interest
is not known. In 1285 Joan widow of
John son of Henry de Haydock claimed
dower in various lands against Henry de
Haydock in Stainall and against Henry
son of Henry de Haydock in Cottam,
Ingol and Ashton ; De Banco R. 59,
m. 3 ; 64, m. 122. In 1292 inquiry was
made as to whether Robert and Henry
sons of Henry de Haydock had disseised
Paulin de Preston of land, aldergrove and
marsh in Ashton, but plaintiff was non-
suited ; Assize R. 408, m. 49 d.

It thus appears that Henry de Haydock
the father had part of Ashton, and that
he had three sons, John, Robert and
Henry, of whom John died before him.
Henry was dead in 1290, when his widow
Alice claimed dower inRibbleton,iStainall,
Haydock (against Hugh son of Richard
de Haydock) and Ravensmeols ; De
Banco R. 86, m. 174.

In 1338 Adam son of Richard de
Hoghton claimed a third part of the
manor of Ashton as heir of Henry son of
William de Lea. The holders were
William Lawrence, Alice his wife, Law-
rence Travers and Aline his wife, Alice

133

and Aline being daughters of John
brother of Robert de Haydock, whose
right, it was alleged, was derived from a
grant by William de Lea ; De Banco
R. 316, m. 466 ; 333, m. 374 d.

Two years later Alan de Marhalgh, in
right of his wife Isabel, claimed a fourth
part of the manor of Ashton against
Lawrence and Travers; ibid. 321, m.
iggd. The suit was continued in 1345,
Isabel being described as daughter of
Adam son of Roger de Ashton ; ibid.
342, m. 250; 345, m. 21; 350, m.
20. An agreement of 1339 represents
Sir Richard and Sir Adam de Hoghton
as recovering three parts of the manor
from Alan de Marhalgh and Isabel his
wife, while claims were put in by Law-
rence, Travers and Haydock ; Final Cone.
ii, 112.

47 William Travers' messuages, &c., in
Ashton were in 1524 held of the king as
of his Duchy of Lancaster in socage by a
rent of 31. %d. yearly ; Duchy of Lane.
Inq. p.m. v, no. 62. In 1559 the service
was said to be 8</. only; ibid, xi, no. 68.

In 1625 the manor of Ashton, with
lands in Ashton, Ingol, Clayton and Ley-
land, and a free fishery in the Ribble, were
sold to Hugh Rigby by William Travers,
Richard Travers and William Werden ;
Pal. of Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 107, no. 32.

48 The fourth part of the manor of
Ashton was held by William Lawrence in
1354 ; Dep. Keeper's Rep. xxxii, App. 331.
As shown above, it appears again in
1445-6 ; but Robert Lawrence of Ribble-
ton, who died in 1524, had no lands in
Ashton.

49 Mabel daughter of Adam de Ashton
gave her sister Avice a messuage, &c., in
Ashton in 1351. In 1404 a third part
of the manor was claimed by John de
Walton and Agnes his wife (for her life)
against Henry de Preston, Maud his
wife, Robert Paslew and Alice his wife.
Later the Waltons are found holding in
Ashton ; Kuerden MSS. ii, fol. 224-7.
Richard Walton held lands in Ashton of
Queen Elizabeth ; the tenure of his suc-
cessors is not recorded ; Duchy of Lane.
Inq. p.m. xiii, no. 26, &c.

Henry Walton was vouchee, of the
manor of Ashton in 1721 ; Pal. of Lane.
Plea R. 515, m. 7.

50 Stephen Count of Boulogne, after-
wards king, in 1123 gave Tulketh to the
Abbot of Savigny to found an abbey of his
order there ; Simeon of Dur. Opera (Rolls
Ser.), ii, 267. The monks resigned it in
1127 on going to Furness.

51 It became the manor-house of the
Travers family for their part of the manor
of Ashton ; Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m.
xi, no. 68 ; xii, no. 22.

Thomas Preston in 1577 demised the
capital messuage called Tulketh in Ash-
ton, lately in the tenure of Richard
Travers, deceased ; Kuerden MSS. ii, fol.
239*.

It is stated that Tulketh was subse-
quently held by Werden, Rawstorne,
Hesketh (1687 to 1836), Bray, Johnson,
and Thompson (1876) ; Fishwick, Preston,

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

through many hands, and the hall is now part of a
boys' industrial school, managed by the Brothers of
Charity. 62 Cockersand Abbey had land in Tulketh. 53
The Hospitallers had some in Ashton. 54

Of INGOL there is little to be said. 55 Land was
given to the endowment of St. Mary Magdalene's
Hospital by Walter son of Gamel de Ingol about
I2OO. 56 Richard de Lea gave to Edmund Earl of
Lancaster lands in Ingol in Christ's Croft, White-
field, &c., 57 and William son of William de Ingol
gave the earl land in Oldfield. 58 In 1567 it was
alleged that the queen was seised of the manor, to
which appertained a pasture or moss ground in which
all her inhabitants, tenants and farmers in Ingol, had
common of pasture and turbary. 89 Fulshaw Moor
was in Ashton and Ingol. 60

COTT4M, assessed as 2 oxgangs of land, may be
identified with a grant of the land by Fulesyke 61 made
by Arthur de Ashton to Richard son of Uctred ;
for this Richard afterwards gave it to Roger his son
under the name Cottam, 62 while Roger son of Richard
son of Uctred de Singleton granted an oxgang of land
in Cottam to Richard son of Robert son of Uctred. 63
This last grant seems to have been made in I2O4. 64
Towards the end of the same century Henry de
Haydock was in possession, 65 and gave it to a younger
son Henry, 66 whose descendants continued to hold it
till the early part of the 1 8th century. The early
history of the family is obscure. 67 Cottam in the
earlier surveys is stated to be held of the Earl of
Lancaster by the service of is. 6d. yearly, but at the
death of Eleanor Haydock in 1525 the estate in

266. It appears that in 17^0 there was
a sale or mortgage of Tulketh Hall by
Stanley Werden of Tulketh Hall and
Ashton Werden of Accrington, clerk, his
son and heir ; Piccope MSS. (Chet. Lib.),
iii, 360, from R. 23 of Geo. II at Preston.

52 Roger son of William son of Master
William de Preston in 1324-5 claimed
3 acres in Tulketh against John son of
Ellis de Entwisle ; De Banco R. 256,
m. 9 d.

'"' Adam de Lea gave the canons 8 acres
in 'the vill of Tulcheth,' adjoining the
Preston boundary, with all liberties, &c.,
of the vill appurtenant ; Cockersand
Char tul. i, 21$.

Alice daughter of William son of
Arthur [de Ashton] in her widowhood
gave land in Tulketh, with a moiety of
her wood in Ashton ; ibid. From the
bounds recited it appears that Tulketh
touched the Ribble ; other points named
are the six Ashheys, the Foxholegreave
and Clakerkelde.

54 Robert son of Bernard's gifts to the
hospital included an oxgang in Ashton ;
Kuerden MSS. v, fol. 82.

55 The extent of 1346 merely says that
divers tenants had lands there, paying
2 id. ; Adam de Preston held 30 acres for
life at a rent of 40*.; Add. MS. 32103,
fol. 148*.

In 1246 Avice de Ingol and her hus-
band Baldwin de Preston held certain
lands during the minority of John son of
William de Yealand, and Gilbert de
Ingol was sued by John de la Lea; Assize
R. 404, m. 4d., 5, 10.

Aldred de Ingol gave Adam de Hoghton
his part of Sperlet within the bounds of
Ingol ; Add. MS. 32106, no. 387. Henry
Mason purchased a messuage from Thomas
Hoghton and Anne his wife in 1588 ;
Pal. of Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 50,