'^-^
oJ
II
1. ($) d&tS".
2. cm 3.
3. cm "I.
4. /& ^.
1000
1984
So. c^. 60.00
Papet supplied by the Government of
Andhra Pradesh at Concessional Rate.
S,
6
s><3, 1^6^053*80 4 35-
"OysS 6M" (Book of Knowledge)
f
2. cr. 5". 2).
8. CP. SS.
6. DP. a. daS". dfiS
6.
7.
(Humanities)
S (Sciences) ^^
19
'^-^
oJ
II
1. ($) d&tS".
2. cm 3.
3. cm "I.
4. /& ^.
960
2. CTH fcsa^o,
M *^jb< o A M ?
4fe
1059
SofiS
4 C3
: 25.il.1939
, 060.
. 9.
: 5 5-1927
Sa*.rd8bir5
dfibc c&S).
J o
5. cm
: 14-5-1936
^. 68, 8* f
. CPU
3 8^1931
cJio.
"5)8 j.
7.
: 1-7-J928
, 8TO,
oJ
: 26-11-1936 L
dio. fi. a. c&S; do. 3. (a$tio 3s4 j&'tfcPB'i&. (4- 598)
... 15.
550)
9- BP 3055' . a . 3 . ^ ft< . ^
; 11-4-1988
fo.
cCoo. <S .
^r>fo*3*fi-29 (i- 845, 655^ {& 711)
). (I) ^ii'c5i> 5";%-tfon, S. 16. orn
: 2T- 12-1942
11.
Ov) ^' _ ""_ .
(1987.86),
O U
dtt.^ (ea^). die. dBbft^; ft. ^ c ^ 6 *^ C^ 245 ' 265 ' 268 )
t5So ; 17-9-26
. 99(T| ci^o* ^. ciiS. ^o|^^, A. dSoo,
12. cm &^ SfetrY^tPa. ' ^ "^ & - ^ ** & ( c ^)'
cJSo, d&^ ^ (1881\ ^oS6[&iS 197^0*
*I?5A5" ftSf&sSi^ ^^db (o3). 6321
t%/ L. 65 \^ ^
909 ; is.
. S;
^D;
?C1\ ~""
* fel ) ^i^ce* ?o
78)
19. CPU
: 7-7-1936
9f8
(^ 62, 270 74.
20, cm p
. 3-7-1924
A.
citS e56". ED
jo ^ 1077)
21. 0*11 *fi535b f
a *. o
22. CPU
3So , 8-6-1926
ft. .cBofcx; cCbo.
A. ^
A ,
?5fi>?eo. . ^ 75')
23* CPU t
So: 16.9-1937
'- Sfco ^D diff; A i dCbo
cteo A ^3
24.
: 10-10-1927
. S)"., 060
($. '89)
25. cm
SSo : 9-10-1916
, fc. ^, c&o.
1959
V ' 1869 3
884)
26.
; 7-11-19'!
fi; 0. fi S-rS
48-69)
( 9- 9.70)
*
27.
stfo : ?1- 19^9
d&o fi. ) cCbS dio. c&S;
Stf5 f
8*
); D
28, cm s?8, &. c&.
, (ft. 662, 683)
29. cm estfa^tfo^), c&o. a.
: 18-11-1922
1558);
1882); a. iu
o3b e9otfofed3b
S^Wfofl* 12 -|jS6f>
3Sdb6c08* ^[j^3_^g
20 fl^ 1961 ^a^ex^ sSS^fod. ncS
680)
30. 0*11 stfa^tf 5T^ f
16-10-1928
&. cSSft c&o.
tao
ro
SSo ; 7-7-1924
. *. a. iS
cifio, 5. dSo.
626)
33.
: 24*1-1985
ciio S; i
i;
(ft. 197)
34. CPil
s 80-10.31
(4. 83)
35. o-ii 6^00*4, &.
: 20-9-1915
. fi. D. aS; c&o. d65.8>
^^06
(ft. 689)
>
OD SjCKlS^oSbj 8 8j $*0 SO L >) dSo.
M^^rt 91 19 *l s* "8>c&>^wiA5<_ ._ _ _
Hcw(WO . <O - X -^ -**** - tU / L tJ cj
i9o(fo*&dS) o)d?*
or
v- 6 77. 740 )
37. c^n tfcJSptfotfo^, a. v ^ ;
- 19 ' 6 ?,l*4,
d6o.
(65 ^); i "Sr-S". fl.
i^j^a^, ^. dS. d&
664)
OQ A P^^^f^iflA ~~^~i r-\\j *^\ ***\
: 9 4-1932
8oOQ. ^. 744)
) - OuQD B-IT^ o^i >i^ 1 1 o *^< ^w i-/ V*JUL* -iv . n / *s a
42. CPU X>o
- 8.12-1913
d&o, diiS; d2b5. 83. ft* d&S; dfiS
). dbbS.
. CTll
-*- Q _
: 4-1-1924 atorf I960 ^ 0< a 19 8
c2ao. dScin)^; Jo.
|5*'3>cS5 ^3381 5; ^ i. srft
o (12:5 rfo.) (5a 684)
ifc^O). 3>fi s*tfb 43. ^^ftoa* ao, a
'8^* * MS S ; 9-1-19*1
(1971). (4. 872) ^ C. g. (A^) ; d&o. s). (s,o4cS&^
: 28_12.24
44. CPU
tttfdo : 23-10-1923
a. d8>; csfio. ft. ft. d&S. '
' 8*
45. ^
: 1-5-1931
; A. cJSoo. SD. fl: d&o.
48. a-n
: 21-12-1934
L (S). A. cJJoS^;
Si
6 ae. ,970 . (4 780)
46. CPU
. 7
(4 231)
47. cm sS&r$asS>5" cxio. a,
9f
49.
98)
50. o*n
: 30-5-1944
"SS,
Q
486;
4,70, 4.T6 488, 488)
51 (I) S'tf^a s o.
\^/ Q
". 48
T& 762)
39. cm ^6", a.
918)
XI
53.
, v> tin^\ oL fOOojtS \o5cx eo j(\)3a6. (cj)j 1966^
^ n rf ry
54. /$j ^)CS2r ^o, S). S. D(f cri! L
d&o. i;
>. (Sj). 1152, 1163.
55.
H-7^1923 58. cm ^^^"35, ^.
J ,__ ^^.^^A'lAJ'i
a. oBbSSs; (esSS"^ 060. cSb^; M?S;50 : 1 -- 1 J * 1
a.
. 138)
59.
1; 60
: 2-8-1934
56.
-- 5 ^. ^ ^
: 16-3-1927 3 fypSbS* a, ^S. o. ^sff
0. } 63?5o ^,| (25D'C3*^V rf'nn
rJ/ V l wrj J' l -^-'O
(5. 1269)
60. (l
v - > Q C?
: 1-7-1928
a. es.: ss
18 85* 36
12
xtl
67.
: 11-10 1925
a
c&o. A.
61. CPU STKOCT'^), ^
: 28-3-1939
jfiBpaMjifl* *>*" oS) ^"sriS SteS JSgS. (fc 609, 626)
> 6**. ;*. 1089, 1109, 1112, eg ^ ^^ Q> ^
1116) ' B 5o: 5-5 1919
62- cm E?SMO*^), 2).
r
63. CPU
. 169^
(^- 847)
64. $)?o JSii^p^esgo, To^o 69.
: 4-2-19*1
i ,. (fos^ o.bOe^ ; c^o. . _ ; 2-4.1935
a. ^. 6 4)
66. cm jo^<s6g ^^. > BSJ5c : 8-1 2 - 19 * 5
c&o. t>.
L
6l8j ^- 801)
65. CPU S^|,
1 1-3-3* ($. 1241)
70. v
SSo : 28 9-19*5
cj&o. ii f e*^S)ji *,i
71.
xni
72, em
^So ; 1-11 1928
so^ss
eo|C
o. s^. 884.
73.
a.
281, 601, 629, 647j
74.
: 16-11.1931
o L CJ
(19*8-62)
(1882.67)
1968^
68
, 62-
68
so s$a
. 8b4, 887)
75.
: 10.6.19S1
?cttfcao^T) f
^. 1120)
76.
: 26-1-1945
. (2&. 206)
77.
GO CO
: 3.6-1935
3F
78. 0*11
:1 5-10-19^ r
xlv
79. 3EPft ^oe) S^Sb^O^^), cififc^, dfio. cxife^; Jj'2p5".a. ((J) ao.
.^ : 8-U1939 382( fc4g
83. CPU
" o
66 S5tf& sgs3<3 8-^(9 <s aSjSo : 23-8-1952
; 1978 3x
. so.
1287)
80. ZTH SX
: 1-7-19B7 efOoOd. (^. 1091)
84. CPU ^oS'?, 5
e!5So : 2(U-1945
dSio.
i. 18 i
($. 024)
85.
rGoe^o^&o fo&.
(^ 806. 812, 8^5, 829, 864, 869, 408,
403, 414, 427, 456) M{5S ' 12-10-1940
81.X
&
: 18-8-1935.
8
382. 148^
. a, ("><3V,; dSio. 'sbi" ^^[JT*3S
81)
zs & -^ff s gg. j,,,, sS a . y<5". SiS".
^Sas-. Boe8)
. 668, 674, 700, ^ ^^ ^^^ ^ 1!g8)
707, 714, 718, 721) . v '
;4, 8?0)
1948
XV
93.
*cfc$o 4-2-1951
: 10.10-1944 do. *>, a^ff. a.
fi. c&S>^; cCbo. c&Srj (">" -db*
?%\ S50I tf 3c- .-
L CO
94 23*11 o'&sScr'^) o<3bo
>, ^dJo*E3da. /^. 891) g^gg i y iQ^j
'. CTII cxi)Scn 5 8?CC fiS, c&o cabftv ^da&oi\; i"2i^. a
3_ 3|5",
(6 573) " ^^S" ^$-
90. () ^S^^CP^ "3. L^ ^^^^ actfr^S oSo^o^oCS 46
S^tfsj-tf^S' spg?S^>e) tfJ3S* ^T*i3^j, sS
CX^(Q ^3 O
c3 "ruo |O CcOOS * rOO
(^- 797 ) S^gco. (ft? 878)
91. O*H tf^o, 2). a.
: 15-11.1933 _.<., . K ","lQt
agp5o . -co-o-iy^o
95. zrn creso,,
W. WMrflW \* I ^OOJC\J I _ <~r^/"l~ y-i^*i ^ ON^XA -f _
; a. a. a ;
SS5~
. (ft. 660
96.
S.tf5&-oBi?a (ft. a 16) ^ (*' fi07 )
fl^ /jl << <k %^s^%^ ^*" ^
: 13.5-1932
: 10-3-.9i^
a
& vw f aigu . off
V " S 5 tfft 1^ d&nasse^ae' ssaSfes. (ft.887,
409)
XVt
CPU
: 29-11-1917
99.
, 132)
(si. 7)
100. crn cpq?^^s
: 25-4-1928
101. CPU
; 28- 13-. 8
. a.
102. <J
^o : 1.7.1039
99\
103.
: 30-3-1928
R); cJio,
. ($. 279)
104.
: 31-10.40
102)
105* 0*11
: 13-6.1942
9 ($ 642, 651)
106. CPII O^fo^O 1
: 21 3.1917
i)S; dio.
fibrf
(1967-68)
107. CPU
15,8-1922
, n*o6
108.
: 5-2-1933
fc^SS",
108.
806)
: 20_l-i947
ssa 3^5-
. 948)
110.
: 4-6-1943
,^8o)
111. I
(;
060. 5.
142.
79 4 j
kvil
113. a&^, Si. S).
9-1-1928
960)
114.
: 2-4-1920
. si '
&
1167, 1163, 1178,
1206, 1311, 1214.
115. CF$& 0S&,
(a-ii S. A'
lie.
: 40-4-1928
70
xviil
. (3. 487, 465 470, 476,
484, 497)
117. (J)"3g. 2. 3.
118.
iSiSo : 28-1- 1934
B. c&fc- stoafcaort); d3ao. $.,
. fcSfi" aoafe oft
119.
-^9 ;8
a.
. a.
120.
cJio,
. 18-10-773
143, 166, 1?|, 801.)
121. cm
122. cm
^o ; 8-1.1938
) Q., cJio,
^ 86 j
2). cxio.
8J)
123.
: 4-2-1948
c&c.
&
($) 826)
124 cm S(^^"3(S d&o.
aiSSfio : H -7 -1941
. 0.
125. BPII
20-il-i933
"ftobS"
130 cm
6-7-19^8
xfc
(e^ 844) c5&S o*o*3) 60
126. Z3*ll o)e3C>5bcr'ciSJ, - 5De5"e5j 1> O n ' v* 3 ' /
: 10-10-98 131. CPU
dSa. c&ST). (eSdSpotS)., btt. a. ^ : 3-2-1943
dio.
($. 884,
928)
86;
107 ^N >S ^ A ^
16(. cJeCl, C. OJ. ^ ^_ r,
AScS'giCP'eo y.
B^O : 4-9.1935
(^. 1251)
128. CPU S)^"cr^), c& ocl)0 ' =J 6 - (^- 148 )
<&3a;sa dj ^2. c^ii 'So^tocT'^c^
(J&. 734) ' a55o : 5-10-1928
129; C3"ll SS'^c^O, Oo^oSiD <s (0 ,i >
^ a3S"fii, &*s
oOOtJ^) ^ JT -^. .^ i r\f\
A O . C3*C3*Jj) 1UU
: 15-1-1935
619) ' 133. (
: 21-2-1909
. D; 0. q. c6o.
& "%*5 esS ajyeaioB faac ^g'
o. fc. 86, 168)
134,
: 23-1-198T
135.
136.
137.
: 6 8-lb49
138.
, 1206, 12 >
189,
, <s l Atf crjtf
(Si. S 8, 288, 8-2
4 I 418, 482)
140 (^ ^o^-&r^
(6c6o : 16 11-1938
c&o ")" ^
S3- so. fecdbS". sj;
so. ^5 196i-fl6)
141. OMI
17-5-1914
a a cabS: o&-. 5.
142. cm
33o : 2
c&o
(odo^l fc^ , A
143
&
^^ 711)
xxt
144. CPU iSesotf'siplf 2). U8.
: 2^5 19 iO
4 4.
789'
w \
145. CFIJ "Sewfi^S" aQoOS&fo (ft- 10 ")
crs&^tfiS" 149. cm "3^, .
: 18 1928 ii8o ; 1-7 1939
cfibc . J) f ^ I o*cS> i d&o a)
ft. (,fifl!i To
(^ 881
150.
: 15-9-1932
iDoS 3^JOC*OA PI oSi^Sb rT^\ ^- < -=_?*
ojw- V-UA, QJOO. duucO\; La7*U &.
cBjaCbga). ($ 896, 1088)
151.
146. OTl oj .jx^*wcg o^san ^reD ^Q
: 21-9 1931 "a
w
L. v Q w ^ \ /
20 )o<!fc^), s*ifi) ^^CbSioi^fir 1 8 S-^^i 1^9 r*ii ST> * "a s^^^v
co L o *** v -' %- * /w oj-uujj iu<c. cyil ^ S. 5 OS
SSe : 20-10-19 3
. A
. 999
153. cm ssScpsfc^sS.
3 ^ T88, 817)
n ; ^So : IT -7-1926
147. zs'so SS'ScO c3*o*di.e3S^u o Q
e a _j, o
. 97)
x*H
, 32<5*3
>& ($. 689) 161-
154. ocifS'ii SSScr&c&g, &>. *** : 29-6-1955
eo
3^ 5 As^&Ik/o^r, Ar^Ocfir*
162. CPU
cq?
195. CPU 8sSo*& &. -3. "**"' : 13 - 8 - 1929
($. 281)
1 KG y^v S^rro^-NJTo "X ^ \ -
luO. (2J ^>^ ^^ ^l J oJ. srSfO*^ dSo. o)S.
^^SSx^ () eJoJf t$)& S^/\OlDS. (ft. 560)
a&sS. (ft, 281) jgg
157. (I) "I^A8o^) 9 u)S5DSb 8 ^^^ . 26-4-1941
3. S; dfio. c&S)V J)Ur*5". A.
158. o-ii (;cps5DC^^, i. carasa^dS, &c628. (ft. 42)
: -10-1925 ^^' ^ l! ($)^o7f3a*^)* ". S).
dfibo. dSooJ'x; *) d&o; iUrS". A, wScSo : 15-0-1H41
cfioo. ciSofev f83*6ifc N> : iUrS". A.
159. cm "IsiABcr^, 8 **S (B?ea&), 4. 3o.
^ 10M ftfibSa fft< 856, 860, 378, ^8, 884,
,So 5 8.7-1988 42U
cCbo Ou^rO A i I ^S o I LJ 1 oJ j* W * C3 <
165. fl)
160. cm "1^6^,
: 7-5-1916
d&o. fi S). dSb^J A. c3io
^^
D. &. ft. eS" (c& iS i.) 531 ^i;
: 20 2 19*3
. A;
166.
xxHl
. a.&; a, 3. dsoft^: :>, d a.
& tfe ; ; (ED. S>. ^. &S)
SW* S 1o rfo,
167.
68-)
c&c.
1947
197
ocfir
9- '-74
168.
169
1268J.
: 1927 S
; oS>o dBbJS,
1976
StfSS
170.
. 610
8
171. cm
fi. a. dabfc; o2b
172.
Ss^ . 80-4-1931
ctto. & f&pSk); i
(a* ^^ cab <uS i)
173. cm
. 12-12.3;
cSbo
a.
^ 3o
'.'Sj). 52)
i.
d ^5 9o<5d&&
. 104,6,
174.
28-7-1932
fi cjbbS fe, esjoibS"
. 216 219 V'J
175,
: 6-1-1928
. . ssSaTj); dSbo. cfiiS. ^
) (cSio ^ <^j: ao. iJS. d^o Q;
ED. 6). goaoQj*: ao. S>. GO, 28
1119, H26)
xxlv
176. zr^aSii &otf O*SCPJ& a.
5 a.
177, OTI eOepas5bd& ?o<&rtb 8
iA^/7k^Y<oi a^
CO >'
; 31-3-1933 -^^ esy^^ ?S$>geo (^, 967)
c&o. L S. c&S; cfibo. 5. 100
lo/6,
& ^^ ^ a^ffaoff. . ^ 5. 7 . 1928
>. S).
:
178. CS^l! cOB'Cr^dibg , ^^DOu) fc^d&S" ?3oo)0(S, ^ BD S:
: 19.10-1932 (IrSiA tfff
5?& (Sj) 774)
183.
(^. 880)
179. () cJOO^O CP^ , 5, J. cff* [SSgS" g^Ji SSsQ. (^ 84(
: 3,1,1937 1M-
5. 9. (S>D~); cJfio. g. I^I-M.^) *<*< . 15-7.1984
180,
a '--^
^v 1 " 8 ) 185. a-,,
181. tru
: 25-7-1929 186. im cSoieDSj^JeaQO, Sb
19 10-1940
XXV
($. Sbec. ($. 124, 176, 185. 191)
1014 ' 1027 > 191. ,
187.~ EMI fo^psr^esgo, a,
ocScSo: 1-12 37
(3). 81, 232,288) . . . .. .__ .
v ' cooo. S; c&o. dSotb^; aso. fl.
188.
eo
cSSb : 1-1 0-1
(4- 78,
192. cm
s<6[8) : 19-2-1920
1 Q Q o_o -rm vf *^C . , +s ^ax^\^'p~B"A
lot/. ^t/j^O Q vOJi SioJ^/JCQ^O, dSco, A. f JSaicy^jj cu>S 30. S>* L.
/ j S V'5r\ *\8T "v o ^ F" / V" N^ x\
; n 3-1925 & ' fc ^;( 8 S loff ) a - *! 6sS " R5
oS) 1 ^; d&o. Si. it
oo & 80
a.
-. 80
. .ft. 613, 98-^ " "^ "^' ~^~ " ^
^ ' a>#5&x>3:> ,^SjoSa ft 604^
190. CS^ij <uj| w^-xtssro. (OOcO^e^o -iQn B, x _ , . .5^ ^
193. OTi r5)S5oS &iC3 D B>, S).
: 1-5-1929
dBw*X}55a^S s ~3r>6&&& /ft* 97, 112, 120)
du)o* c^S^t b^pw * ^ ^~"
20 !*
6 So&. as<5 3 e
CD Q*
10 r&o^^O [^fo^oSxQiS) C>2)o06, c5/K5" y "opdJ^a^ii. (ft 780 732 787
782)
xxvl
195. cm JSptfs spo'd&ea, 5*tfois3 199, crn
<^>
: 14-4-1919 sSSo: 21-5-1929
>. d; d&o &. d&o. cS; d&. 80. c&c. i). (Ke8^o-4^'^^d3j"l; die
, a^.a.
b. eon
J 200. ^
196. c^ii JSj^S's^a'di^, ^ o -n
ft> "^^' : <CO-11
a. q. (^ j)
: 12-12-192T ^ oS ^^ (8)Lff ..
X 4. 501)
B ^A>Q f^si 1097^
197, () cs^J^u^J c3*0^c5jD3o^J Oj " \ /
C^)^ (tititi 201. O 1 !!
; 5-3 34 2r"5>?SS", (c9i7&&.X rroS
v /
r5^, !!ptfo*EP& (629)
202. (^ ^^)^o^i
~~ eSSo : 20.9-1931
198 () S^^s^S
: 21-1-21
"5. fi;
(2j). 965j
203. i
CD
20. aSjfib gotfsio 86
2v __^ *6.<^-d5\_ <\ ^&. ^J^cflPS* Dff*f5y(fOj JOjdu}Sbo 97
. oJftPcO *Jt>fOrF(daJD 2 ^ 8J" ^
1 8* 2)fi*?5 yA tfa t 7 ^* f3o5J*s5gp tJ^sS^ 89
1. 16-19 * <^- ^ < 24- ^ ^ **& ifi^co 108
lt 25 sSatfpsS i^Spea^o 108
0. 26 tfi^r&Kft 1 1 P
6 Sfi 1 *^^ S *^ A-' ir 'rT^TX' lW \ 9^ * ' t " ^ 3 ^ ^cflioitfea 116
7 &KSS tf ^ <&^ < ^ 28t iQ L dipisy< ^^ 120
28
a a "" ^ In
OO^Ca5Dir5 C3*<0^*' t^ 88 o" oiOoJj'SSO ^D*^5aSi2 226
88 82. tfotf ^es 3^6^35^ 186
88, 5*?ct>Sb OL&O! Ssf v/SjoSa 188
11 . .^ wv w aaiwvM ^. . y ^ . _,
84 St><tf 148
11. #*)&& 42 85.
12. nSSoy^j ^O naJDrOaSi;^"^ 86* cO^oSpESQ ^ 162
* *^ sicivg &&>&aeo 42 87, S)^ S^E^O) 166
SFO S)c3^fibo 89. '4s % |pico 168
cS&Sgao 62 40, [tfsSjSM - [;S6(tfijsS 171
s*|b&eo 64 48. 3>'* irs^arj 186
16. AfiSw ooA oooo 68 44. ^&d3j*o*Go 191
17. cSoSJ'ia'tf&a - S*a^ [SSfotf 45. wo^ ^^L^CF ^'Qg' ^^Sa 197
c6si>f\5goD 72 48. SbcS Scj'CS'SSaoc SiieS" o;J
18. efib^S' t)es ^fiStS^oo 79 ^QSSx) 200
J9. <oo^S Oro s ofo^tijtfcjco 88 47. p*cr*6" *- ^<cf*5" 206
xxviii
IV tf<^"dibc5 ^Pi&cSbo 78 SoSSeaSSxiQ^ ijTsi" $fls?5 861
48. tPDieoSo 216
gj A<,< ft^~, >,>_<,, JOt* O^ 3 428
ft 7f *f $o<? 860.
49. &*o#&3 - ff*^c 3tf8 216 *
^ ^ ^. <on 76, ^Di^)_to - i^db 864
Q> +}tt .a*. fi i^ ^i ^*S < fidQ
/*** I i iCJ^ouS^O LjO J\T* t3* O O j 3 O^O OO17
61. C^S'eo - Sb ; ^<*r3eo 227 - -
KO ^ ^ ^ m K-^^O 9fii 78 * 3^r-o "^^^^o 878
62. n^oj* sjo*JB3 SfvX>iex) ool
_. ,. , OOO 79. SiiS >__O 65^oS^^ SidSboj *5E3oJD3 ulO
0*. oJOO^CO 00 <J e^o l -
80, 3x>^;~x> S)2iNOf3 iS Sd5b 88*
S46
cc ^w>*<f JT*^ OKQ 81* oJrOOr5o$30 oot3
00 oJ^voDDO CO &tJa a
K6 K K *" 257 ^^ ^^ 'S\^ (xSii^dbb^oo 892
67. L ti<x& So-^eo 268 88 *^* ' 897
cc ^etff *S 07A 84>. 83O^OoJ)OO^ 53*Oo9 cOOl ? gjOCdeJOO 400
69. gr^t^eo * 276 85 ^^ ^g^ 4 8
86. S^S'x.co; icxST 8 ^ d 409
V JsS 6"^dS>c$ ^^SS 87, SESS^O tf?$S$B 414
^^ ^
60. &&*a^;$a 279 ^ 8<
not 89. *3S$tfo sS<?6i5cft 421
2jOl e) <j>
/> ^ --^ j/ "^ / -/ , < *i. *\ <\ x?3 ^ *>*<*. ^QQ e?U* eD*\oct rOOo^w *D ft3O (00 W O .
1 O&. g^^jg i\J v OiJJiO o^ffQjwl oJ ^vOQJ^ fi oJJD c<7O ww ftj^^ ^ ' iw >^ |
68. &3 ^*Q^ T*^sS3o 801 Si^^go *"& 425
VI 55F l ^|SSo 92. i^)o iSoXSeo 482
64- 5sS?o^ 806 98L r3rX^ a^o esScSsSa 486
66. 'SaS'L.oi - 3B 3SMfos$s 812 94 ?3j*X^ e^)cc: 3$7*JSS$e 440
66. ac& 3&e&a 819 95. SB^O o7j<Sbco - 6^0?$
* mj O ^
1 3^*sJ2o$f ^TSbeo ' 826 "^o ^)n Q9r3Qf6t^ 447
69, SyNftcdb^S 829 $7 sSSj&^K rSoOXo 461
71. i*SHai*&DSQ : E&sSSSSaa 387 jSctf^sa 465
72* w?Si2Sol' cJ&Oi 8sf O$B 848 99. S*iSfc ESoST't^jfio 467
kxbc
VII 8&g
,. 1 00.
101.
102.
! 108. SoAS 1
113.
318
120
121
VIII "3
104, Co* S^o
106
106,
107.
IDS.
108.
110.
111.
112
114.
116
118.
117
So^ea&o,
461
465
124. 1
470
c
125. a
476
126. *
488
483
127. !T
494
497
128. 3
129. &
a
180. ',
501
E05
131. S
132. K
610
1S8. |
?
613
a
184. i
6i9
*>
185. I
526
629
634
539
544
547
660
654
660
662
liB.
137.
138.
139.
140.
141.
142.
^^g ^,
688
64
564
673
580
684
689
692
597
699
604
609
818
619
"626
527
6J2
634
,- 6
642
kkk
143,
144.
145.
146.
IX
147.
US.
149. 1
160.
151.
162.
168,
164.
164.
456.
167.
168.
169.
' 160.
111.
3
162.
CD
645
651
666
668
674
677
681
684
698
700
708
707
711
714
718
721
163.
164.
165.
166.
167,
168.
169.
170.
171
172.
173.
174.
176.
176,
177.
178.
179. i
180.
181.
182.
188.
184.
185.
186,
187.
188.
XI
xxxt
XII #083 ^*(Jis5bD 212. a^eo t o* ( ^ Sf6eo 921
218.
189. ttoid.
^ * & *&" eslSe&ra 824
Qp^8d rOO*)c5 oou
214. &*&o w^G^o 928
190* 3pt\.3oS3Dco~9o20 884
1 u I wC7*fiiojOJCO O4 U ^^
<^*G3 eJ&e&CG 088
192 5r*oS)3*Oo$Tr5&3 844
, 216
19$ SicpSo &ofd ^ o*jt6doS ^47
_ 27. rGoSsoit^ ^T* ^S^ y*/^jo5b& 089
863 XIV
867
197. e3Ofi3(b6ofo 3Sy5D^s*c6&o 860
^. v -uo w , ^ cu^oiu 867 2]9t tf 94g
220. ar*0s3e^) 960
198 2&*^^jijbf6 F*/riSa 868 Aft . i^j^ii * nr- i
^^ 221. 9^r5.(OO yo4
199. SsSx)i^ Sfi*-- ^S 866 ftn> * . . fter7
v ^^ ^cJj'v spsj'^jOearc e$ etooco yoc
^00. 4^ ID SSQcs* jSooSoo ft3T*o ou a o 870 rt r\/i/\
^ - 228. ^^*o SfibS^^eo 980
20L $ ^^o^e 872 e * rt ^^
^ 214 S^Ds ^/Sa ^8?*^o 916
878 ^ ^^
XV 383o*o ..._
XIII r^6^ r#o v
22b. fijIb5' 977
227. ^o s*ex.igiSxi 980
228. jSpSa 6a^oexi-53d2bBHxiSi2o 986
fivU* fi3- <#/ vw ^ '.rwi wi+>\:v^jucu- ^w nrv ^ ^ r\rvO
^ 229, eaos'eofigSSx) 990
V<5^J* O on*J oJOrO 0^* o4,|iOO OOl
206. fir> sSa^pra rAo 89i XVI
207. ^ oSo^i_otf# ^S 897 280. iatJc>6sS 996
208. iSr-SosS Sft^eo 902 231. &2o 999
209* ^*Sj*^, i 353*<iS*o sT^Sj^oii 282. iSoi^b^b 1006
e$a^ 909 288. ^Ttf^to-c&o 1014
210. 65zCOw*Pf Ot r6oQC^CO 913 284 t ?5oe&*$ f\Sj*iT? , ^5*E35bo 1 027
211. 4^^" as T^O&* &&&% 285. ^|_6^co 1083
917 286. ^o^o^ ' 1049
Xxxtl
287. ^g&SQtfQ&oex) 1051 262. S&gdbeMtftf 1160
288 cfidfcp $fiV f*^sS 1067 268. 3≫S Stereo 1163
289, spfiV &:*) # c# 284. ajoS)&p<o*\<?S 1167
tfs3&x>o> 1067 266* &s5.)Lg&0*\j?$ 1163
240. wSoaa^Ss 1078 286. "io^ a&jdfiepjeJS 1172
241. ^orptfs? if(5*o 177 267. o^d5bS ju*os* S>c3*oi^5ooao 1182
268. A. c5tf$o &oi& ptf&ia> 1200
XVII -^^ ^ w ^,. e ^ B ^ ^^ .e*,* 1206
242. &D^ sto^So^" ?6tb^ 1081 68. C c&*o Q$ Sb6eo 1211
243. cScig ^ ^ ^ 88 269. Sfii ." ioisS s5^=$ 12U
244. Sa^s S^?SsSii 1089 70. a&gg" ^a^ s5o^jg 1224
245. ^Ss5f6 ^^es> y^^oo 1091
XX oi
246. a^es Spc'i&g' y^,^ 1093
247. SoBx,t-aoi avS&o 1097 71. 6ft3*&&> 1228
248, a^cS&^B'. tfo^sS.s> 272. &e[n*5 12! 9
fSoi^ 1099 273, onr5' 1238
249 &<3 ^6^0 1103 274. ^Daa^ 1287
26 ). fS^-t^ c6oi) - tf 53*53 Il07 275. ^AoSr* Sjoeifb6ot*o 1241
251. L?Sfl*g*/(g ^&a 1109 2^6. ^0^66 1261
1112 277. fS^tFtf 6i)XSco 1266
278, 3e5^ ^(SSsSxex> 1269
1115
XXI
3 1
XVI11 d&oitf ^osS^ *,JiS$bo 9 7Q T*ri*<^^* ioi
^. ^ ^j/y. o^e)*ico5Deo 1264
254. frStfo&ia 1119 280. ^<S)4o ^o^fiS' as^^i 1264
256. tf top^fcS 1120 281.
267. tog^S dSbc^^xiQj 1180 ^o"lQ^ a*S,Sio 1289
268. &G* ^X)S^6" eioe^ao^" 1138 282. r>3co - i* 4^eo 1274
259. SSfi'^JitS dSbo|^Sc 1188 283. sSo#a*&' ^*o^^^ S)eS;S 1282
< j tf"
280 t ^a^Sos*^^) 8 sStf&eo 1148 284 sSsoiSo ttefrfi 1286
286. ^^^^&> 1^88
^ ^^o^^x) 1281
"^ 1107
Sctfx&o,
O'dgg'
II
836^0(3
?
S SipCcrjoo
s^oofi^ Se*^ S)s^o5o
2.
<*>
&c5 (Seire)
(To Learn)
(To Know) wa &&&.
"&&>! (Science). . . - j
~ \ / ^J?r$ oJaiDO^rO WO W
(Repeated)
as
I R"A1 rvTif.'lrv^ f-4fj 7^J(V). CJUJ~ PJ
o
^ J fy co (Instruments of Discovery)
Exact Scie-
nee
ST
(Discriptive Science')
e?
(Ethics) &,
(Tools of Science)
Sf-
(Methods of
\
Science)
(2) ^S^^so (Classification)
(8^) S&^tfes fe Sa)?6o^^ (Re-
petition)
(4) es^p^^x) (Consensus),
(5) |jS(^pA x sD (Experiment)
(6) s^tfgs^ss ?SceDotf&>. (Cause and
Effect)
(Measurement)
1.
*
cBoo Statf 55*00.
So^efico
Q
o
(Uniquely) sS6
OS3Q
(Statements) So SJ
(observations)
(Theories) ^ co e^
(Principle of Refutability)
17 SS ^e'ao^ ^3 StfsbJS
fctf
2, ^6S"^s9 (Classification) :
(objective)
(Activities)
(Experiment) :
factors
CO CQ
) c^g.on- fa Q
(Cause - Effect Relationship)
Hj
eras
Natural Phenomenon)
(Measurement Sj :
8367?
, 5S>
fDimensional)
\ /
A-o^doo
^
(Operations)
(Error)
2 Theory) ,
(Uncertainty)
spaoi^
(Design)
(Evolution
(Dimension)
eg a 05 o"6o&tf
(General Statement).
of Oscillation of Pendulum)
(Period
3,
6
(i)
, e"g>e,
3000
Jotffc
. 188
3141
^c&eo,
365]-
It
365
|j$ij5#&on*
(Sumer); [_i^
. S^p, 20
3 c7 :
[i. f.
64 SoiirS
5, 6
. jl.
9cao
&
(ii)
. 580 ?ooii
500
f (160-127 B. C.) ^?i> v
24
(iii)
16 s>stSA&$' it
[A So o
* 10
(Lead caibonate)
^^ra^) (Arsenic)
/Antimony) 0?^ sp^3 _><> (Sulp-
hides'
: (Alchemy)
(iv)
(Renaissance)
16 SS
15
f, ~ ~ L ^ OdSD^cr car*
2Sf
[oS
11
ft* tf
4.
. ^. 1450
, L- ^- 1450 &oO 18
estfotf tf
19, 20
. 19, 20
. 19
(Subjects)
19
16-19
(1564-1642).
S'o sSSj^o^ J>& (Pisa)
16-19
18
(Spectroscopy)
1621
1666
(White Light)
(Phenomenon of Diffraction of
Light) 18010* QP&S d&ofi' ^oa
(Interference of Light)
5oSf$3S D SSs$ ,
o e
S'es
(Polarisation of Light)
sod efcforvex) S^?!"
>
. 1862^
StfS"
(Moons of Jupiter)
14
S)Sf II
(Mersenne)
19
fofi 3 [n* o J"
(Legrange) 32^5 (Laplace), ^ox^S
(Poisson), r^5 (Gauss), i^ (Cauchy)
Beats)
(Phenomenon of
(Phenomenon of Resonance)
(Rayleigh)
(Herschel), a^ol (Quincke)
1877 .
(Edison)
(Phillip Reis) 1861 S*
17
(Santorio), g^^ (Bacon),
1714
(Fehrenheit)
issi s
. 1776 aj
Ag.
(Steam Engine)
1824
. 18SO
Theory of Heat), r J
). isso ^
1851
(Mechanical
. 1854
t)^.co (Thermodynamic Scale of Tem-
perature) & (
17
' (De Magnete) e5^ L ^fo
18
phen Gray, 1670-1736)
(Ste-
1698-1739)
16-19
15
__
S (Vitreous)
(Resinous) -
(Two Fluid
Theory of Electricity) \&r>8>
(charge) &?
(charges) <
(Benjamin Franklin 1706-1790)
(One Fluid Theory of Electricity)
18
(1713-1810) &c
(Green),
(Poisson)
(C F. Gauss) o:
(1777-1851)
1820
(1775-1836)
. 1825
(1787-1854) LSS)d
1831
(Prototype)
(Lines of Forces)
BDO
L fe (1799-1878) sSS^tffSo SO
coveries) 19 SS
o^ 8 eaa^cxx). 1895
(Rontgen) X - tfeg*o&
(Becquerel)
(Dis-
1896
1897 d^
(Corpuscular Nature of Cathode
Rays) 3. 3. Q5*&5 ^^ff'^fic). 20 S5
national Political Power) *
flnter-
\
16
(Theo
phrast Von Hohenheium 1490-1541) &
fegS cp^e6. Ej^> 5^0 ^o^S (Para
celsus') &
J
(Von Helmont)
18 S
(Homberg)
(Chemical
Reactions)
(Theories of Chemical Structure)
1660-
1734) S&
. 18
(Salt Petre)
1678 S5
(Borch) ^d^&^a^dfo. 1755^
!" (Joseph Black) 5*^5" g.^ 5
3*^S" es&sSooJS), 1774^^5",
^ C3
(Chlorine) ^/Tco^do. "Si^^-gal" es^
jjjfe (Joseph
Priestley 1733-1804)
(Respiration)
- 1781 5
fiocSr'^ SScptfSSbiQSh
d> ex.
(Lavoisier, 1743-1794)
19
(1766-1844)
3cy
Q
(Cannizzaro)
(Valency)
18585^
20,
92 So
16-19
17
(Mendeleaff) B ^
fig' (Periodic Table) &>
O'er*
?6as2jo
(Fructose)?&, gr^^" (Glucose)^
, b&fr
(Percentage Composition)
tf&/r3^tio, 1865 flf 8 -agbjS (Kekule)
SodlS" (C g H 6 ) t5Ko^) aa^ &9& s"^
id'SSpeso^co ^o ftsS^ sSodtfisSoo (Closed
Ring) S Kipacs
5^^)" (Organic)
6:)^gejT.eo (Struc-
tural Formulae)
(Coal-tar)
oa^a. ^5" (Tar)
(Aniline)
. 1856
(Aniline dye) $
l)SS (Antipyrene,
1883), |>^&SS' (Plenacetin, 1887) 3&
(1899)
19
^OD (Proteins), ff*^ ^^o*ex) (Fats)
(Carbohydrates) AcS^S).
(com-
. 1887 <i9&><" (Amino acids)
&'S' (Peptones)
19
&oci
(Living Organisms) 8*
CO Q
(Chemical Affinity),
(Mech-
anism),
o (Mono-
molecular and Dimolecular Reactions) 1)
, 1864^
(Guldberg and We-
agel) 1877 ^ d*oS~ &^> (Van't HoflF)
^50^^ #, ^d&&^ (Law of Mass
Action)
18
^) (Catalyst)
Electrical
conductivity)
jjS"^ (Hittorf)
fKohlrausch^) ^o^Sto spdS
\ / w o
(Osmotic Pressure),
ciate
1887 ^ fts[fi^dSo5 (Arrhenius)
ijySSeaSSinaDn* itfj5,?6sSj& 3
(Ions) n S)<^pe3?5siD (Disso-
c3 D oo i) R^ ^d^fioo'efo.
(Theory of Solutions)
^(Ss'^^ogb (Crystalloids),
1850
(Colliods) Ko
(Thomas Graham)
(Living Cells)
(Protoplasm) co
(Sir W. B. Hardy), t> ff 3,
(Anatomy) S^ 13
co estf^SdSb. &o[&
(Andreas Vesalins, 1515-1564)
, (Veins) r_
(Abdominal Organs)^otf dfc (Brain)
(William Harvey, 1578-
1657) tf tfi
/ >
. 1661
(Malpighi)
>o)
and Veins)
(Arteries
(Capillary Tubes)
(Flesh)
(Hales) ^^a^paiT ^_^S5) 8,_d& (Blood
Pressure) a *>>sy&. 18 s5 ^?pe)S5)
&$^tfo<5* ^^^ spS" tpoS" (Al-
brecht Van Haller, 1708-1777)'
oS^fi (Development of Embryo)
(Muscular unstability)
(Nervous
16-19
19
ir<6" (Gall),
(1818-1878)
(Johannes Muller),
(Majendie),
Active
Instrument^
J
Organisms W
o (Living
(Kuhn) 1878 er* ^og_Sb^ (Enzymes)
(Amylase) -
&oa (Decomposes)
sin) -sjfi
5x5 (Schiff)
(Thyroid Gland)
(Starch)
^5" (Pep-
. 1884 ^
(Extract)
SftStfoSo
CO
(Extract') i
3b^biT i^
(Biology) :
17 sS
(Malpighi) eo
(Grew),
5^(3
(1678) |^p, "fc&cfec (Stamens) $)db"
) (Male Organsjrv
(Ferti-
(Pollen)
lization')
(John Ray, 1627-1705) s)og
sag S
. "3
(Linnaeus, 1707 - 1778)
Plants) & Bag
(Sex - Organs of
(Biologists)
(Species)
(Evolution^ :
(Idea of
Evo-
lution)
(Atomists)
(Species)
cartes
", * o
(Des-
(Lamarck, 1744-1829)
"
(1809-1882)
20
II
'>
Species)
1859
(The Orgin of
(Anthropology)
19SS ^^oSS^^ S3l8c^o^ fBacte-
o o \
riology) S^ So*cr
). 1838
e7(iap5" (Cagniard de Latour)
&3co SfjjS' (Schwann) ^c^^^cr'^S
(Fermentation) ar<3jAo3 ^eg? (Yeast)
(Living Cells)
(Louis Pasteur, 1822 - 1895) -e
(Wine) e;&
3*g5 (Sik - worm
disease), eso&S&o^S "3aS /"Rabies j
(Microbe or Bacterium) o
|" (Antiseptic)
(Phenol) & ^&*
rgical Operations)ex>
(Anaesthetics)
(Koch), ^d
^^o^ S'c'&^r^&. ^Tr^Sb 3jg<3 (Tobacco
disease) S S'oK^'ft rSpap^d ^X^ ^.^S
(Viruses) olj sj 25 5* 8>j- (Ivonovski -
1892), ^ (Frosch, 1893) OD
16-19
19
. 19 55
(Genetics), ?6
/Oceanography) SadJS f5 *
, 20 sS
. 19 55 ^SD COT
20
19 sS
o o
3v
J
o.
20
S[5J"o5
(Space Age)
a~gdo
1948^
10 9
10
12
(Microwaves)
II
(RADAR - Radio Detection And Ran-
ging).
tf
Microwave Spectroscopy)
3o<3 eseaoS&o
(Atomic Clocks)
8> 8
fSolid State
\
Devices^
KS"^ (Gunn)
Impatt (Impact Avalanche Tran-
sit - Time) &<3s*5, Trapatt (Trapped
Plasma Avalanche Triggered Transit)
1945 sS
53ox> (Atomic Bomb) |j$o3j*
1928
T J,
19S2
nomy)
pfiV^&i (Radio
(Radio
Sources) S'&fr^rfo aa5A^(3. ^s ^^,^6*
S)6S)r? spefaiS &S&8 ^jasS" f Solid State
<P \
MASER - Microwave Amplification by
Stimulated Emission of Radiation)
19S4 sS SSoS^tfotf* ^AflTiSaDasa. S^
cSs^cJi^^ es^sSafl^a S$^j^)o (Heavenly
Bodies)
(Coherent) 5*0$
(LASER - Light Amplification by Sti
mulated Emission of Radiation)
1980 <5*
(Sulpha Drugs)
?65"
, 1928
S^o^", "
(Antibiotic)
" 6p ap 8
(Micro Organisms) 3dtoE>a?5
1944
1944
xyribo Nuclic Acid - DNA)
(Deso-
1948s5
g'esSioo
DNA
1866 SS
(Genes)
SScs-tf&a DNA
DNA
1958
DNA
(Ribo
Nucleic Acid - RNA) &*S$o<gV3
. DNA, RNA ssesoS&o
6.
tfo
iS
it
(Synthetic Fibres),
S*
t>ojjSc&
CO Q CO
"So^S" ^Sb ('Madder
a co \
root)
(Indigofere
er'
. sfo
I8b7
(Mauve),
(Raaulfia Serpentina)
^ 0*002 <J
(Emetine) 3'
S5o?6 C5^) es <*oeso
' (Reserpine)
(Psycho Chemicals)
[JDS',
&eiac!$p
1935
26 $*$&&$ II
>> Stfeo,
CO O CD
[8Sb ?Sossa a. 5. a (D. D. T
a 5
3c<S EO^SJ'^ESO^ (Macro Mole-
cule) &
(^Polymerisation)
i <S" (Pyrethrin) %
fc?EXS)Ofi'6'E3
&S
Tensile
rto c3a* Strength), fed^psSS' ^J (Elasticity) f\8
. 1905^
eoexi,
1907
^ofetfeso S5o
e3
o
co a
S C5 S^&OU<^^-^l I r _
(^5 -
(Natural Polymen).
S 4, 5
(It rubs or
erases']. ox><3 Sotfk e5odi"^ 3*<sxJ<S. ^^ ft Q ^
^ o . 820^ Q f\j" _ J/>1 1
CO
D3OQ COlXlfO TOLUJ ._ .^_ ,
O
90% So "Srv ^efi a,"3 ^ ^.t-*^ *^ e> ^...^ 1981
(Hevea Bra-
siliensis)
(Latex) & &b
S" (Emulsion).
C3) O C3
sScs*
siraSSx) rp
cor?
<" sSr, sj a L2>oO
90%
?5oK>oSoC?5
T.
^^?6Sb ^
2?&^ (Science)
. -^6
(Ptolemy)
(Copernicus V
Q
C
w - - , -- 29
(Intellectual-
Honesty V esc^S 5od[^tf
(Corpuscular
Newton's-
Rings)
gO ^e^oas II
. $>
fcoS 16^,6016^8 (Mass Culture).
81
er
of P ^
-^o^Sb,
o '
o &
^Collapse of Civilisation and Relapse
into Barbarism)
8.
Q
es Stolon* sS^a
SS-^ea
(Predict)
o& e^
II
i c
-J* - ^
s^oo
o
OCD,
eo
cb
Aotf&fc^fo
90
^5
II
e3?5to
710. 40%.
1000 A. D
* ' -*" '-*
)\o
a
s*> 4-0,000
A.
jf o ifiptf 9Sbotf j*
5 a
3 rS, aefa
C -
c&tfc6eoScr'tf
e,
S&^S'o. ^odi
a."!
(Fossils) &
9, < co - soXc ri
^5 ^^^ VMT ^^ " V-
ssa
3 .
O oL CO SI 1
e
(^International
Geophysical year) ^<*3;
sjofc^sWS"
('International year of the
Quiet sun),
5^&Q5 (International Indian Ocean
Expedition)
C&O|*PG,
L_
fSpeci-
L. a u c \
alisation) &>
11
<.
10.
J (Energy)
(Nuclear)
crn*
250
2000
. 05 )tf orr ?3oSS
ss
. 50
, 100
'
25
a
CD o
o
co
fotfotf*
esc
" 8 &A tf
n
e.g'S
drofi.
" r
vy
2000
CO
g'eso
(quark)
1+1 W__
> w ft) oOO9jJE3^ Sol QOS **
(Nucleus)
et&
v U
Q?r fl^aadSbsSbo. &9i3 ^jS)oi<?tS)
"^"' <; ^'~^ *" " 11
CD
40,000
AofiootfSi
^sao (Anti
particle) Aocr) e^^
Q
41
3}*
(Galaxy)
,.
oL
57*^3
1SOO
1500
. esfi
n
11.
12.
. 17
, SaS-jrfb
.
(Probability)
/ InvarianceV
(non-Euclidean Geometry"
S'o'ea ;
Soapg
e^o
1.
2.
, 3.
4,
. r. 1800
TMensurationV
?6^ (Survey),
(Engineering)
ol
^. 500
2,500
. 2181-1961
44
[I. &>. 1650
1. tf^Dg" S&)$tfG5*0 23^0
, e^SD r<$3o3
.
2200
2000
, a,b,c, o
(Frustrum)
-Jh
a, b
('Figurete numbers j^
(Pitches
_ [I. $. 800
(Navigation^
. ea sStfg&tf ^00
^_ 5-Ootiia&
(Prime numbers) ^
(Zeno)
f Paradoxes V
ii
2000 ?
(Theory of tf&Sa Ss5 f (Descartes),
(Synthetic)
x, y, z, ex> 5>co}?5 x 2 -f- y 2 =z 2 e
O co
(^Syntheticj
[S. ^. 7
^
^ eo. 6356*
637
Al.v'^'vL LlUJJo j C3 ^w wrf *r*s >-i w^ i> s^ N^ w w>^ < v ^^ tw>j tii<juw tw ^vnj \ju aj TO gJ o ^ C^J^Q IXA> OJ cj
/ CO Q
(Pure Mathe- spfib dtfir*^^ 8 *^
V oL Q
matics) fiT 6 ^ ^S5^o^6 /^^ / Differential
Calculus)
47
(Applied
Mathematics.
1 3o6 ^'SJ'BDojOOr&oS 16o5
ss^aoa
[Diophantus) >^ ^ss^^T 8 wtfh<3& fca
^ ' ** ^rvTDK m !< COJO^^X'A(fr^<v X"/J*^^TB *< iSS^PCri
^&D (Pure and
Applied mathematics)
O
I Ago sS
O
. -. 1220
(Fibonacci)
J'OvU^ V^I^AJUJ^AJ (^J-VJ^l^JU
Ow cJ)t}"AoJiOtDa
Aso
(Syncopation \,
&on-
48 SsrtSSjbS' II
x 3 + 2x 2 + 10x=20&i
g_d^ (Vieta 1540-160)
&o. o3 dj
_ ^ ^ . _ x xx
iH* fv
SOdSoo
. S. 3f. 1600
d:rro<5?5
. ^ 18SS
(Lagrange 1736-1818) ^6"
(Rhetorical)
(Syncopated),
spaa
. tfaStf
gfo
1887);2.
(1629,
\
(1866, 1684); 3. 3_
; 4.
(1630-65);
(1591-1612, 1666-1684)
3
50 agp&S,5f II
Q
. "3 s3,
, 3
vj i+i w
(Synthetic-Geometry) a,
^, ^to
CO U
C3
x, y
f (x, y) = &1 &*&x8* ^
\ / fr9rI^'X'c^33ror\\ A-^x ^!^?^< CT ^ >^
. f^x, y) = &!$ &
x, y) =
(Gouse) 1801 8*
a> ^sS^^/K^
(Congruence]
Sciences
Q o
20
51
20
1840<*
o" (Hamilton)
(Quanternions"),
"3
O CO
Sofi^S), sp^oSo^go
1900
. 1830 G* elusive Theories)
1800^
20s5
i9ss
(Cremona)
CO O
(Euler), SpjS
(Cosmology)
(J. Pleeker)
52
II
^^ (Cayley)
(Metric Geometry)^
(Potential Theory),
S^ ^^dfisSooo
fCalculus of Variations^
V ;
13.
(Theory-
of Function of Complex Variables),
(Integral Equations!
('Functional Analysis),
S)"8siG3 (Statistical Analysis), S5
(Differential Geometry)
(Deductive Theory);
tf sS
(Euclidean Implements)
(Straight Edge), sS^jf
- Compass)
21
Q
CO
x
8
;
S) 6^ o- o
(Rational operations^) o*oo
\ / j
3v?, ^Sicpej'o (Square roots)
2. , o o)J oo sj- cxa oexoo
j a
: a, b,
ine Segments)
a + b, a b, a. b,_ (b^O),
b v y
b+vr,
i Galois^) ^i3 sSoSS^o ^dSi^o^cp <^rbdiDO(S
100 oSoSSe^;\
(Galois
60
x
(Cube root) aa^otfsS3S?o^sSj&). "IsSoo
ejfi
II
tfS'o
*oc?>o.
(Unit)
(Cubic Unit)
2
x 3 = 2
(Delphic oracle)
(Apollo) 3sg)S^
(Altar)
"Sodoe^eo ^&?
"SoSo^co aa
(By
trial and error") 3$
/ o
foe6
(Degree) sSjpjjf&o
1882
(Lindeman)
(Rational number)
(Transcendental num-
ber
CcroS",
SSj<So
of Konigsberg)
(Bridges
eatf^
(Pregel)
56
C
A
, A, B, D
B, C, D,
. C &>o& A
, D
a*"!
(Euler)
17S6
A, B, C,
(Odd Vertex)
A, B, C, D ex>
, B
C
B
A, D
A Sooft D
D
(^Topology)
Combinatorial
Topology
(Latin Squares)
18
. nX n
, 2, 8, ... . n w$
/Rows) 6*&, n
\&Q&& 3X3
1
2
3
2
8
1
3
1
2
c3o<& n X n
a,
38^0000^ -^8
^Orthogonal)
1
2
3
3
1
2
2
3
1
X n
co o
(1,1)
(2,2)
1(3, 8)
(1,8)
(2,3)
(8, 1)
(3,2)
(>' 8 ) j
(2,1)
OO8007T 1
1
2
3
2
3
1
3
1
2
2
3
1
3
1
2
1
2
3
(1, 2)
(1, 2)
(1,2)
(1,2)
oosoof?
n
n X
(Prime number 1 )
1
. 3oooo5~ 1779 6*
n=4t + 2
n X n epfiS
2 (t=
6 (t= 1) wa3Syy&, ^o<& 2X2
6X6
oo8Don*
(Tarry)
1900 fir 8
10(t =2
1959 6*
oos^orv
3o<3o 10 X 10
(Computers)
n = 2,6
n = 4 t + 2
logy
Combinatorial Topo-
(Statistics)
(Projective Planes)
Q CT.
1. W. W, R. Ball, Mathematical Re-
creations and Essays. Macmillan
(1959) ; Chap. IX. pp 242 - 254,
Chap. XII. pp 326-349.
2. Courant and Robbins, What is
Mathematics ?
Oxford University Press (1953); pp
134 - 138!
3. H. J. Ryser, Combinatorial Mathe-
matics Carus Mathematical Mono-
graphy Chap. 7 pp 79-94.
4. Van der Waerden, Modern Algebra
Vol.L F. Unger publishing Company
(1953) ; pp 183 - 187,
1.
Mathematics),
Mathematics") ~do&>
J
(Pure
(Applied
(Axioms') <
(Geometries),
(Bertrand Russel 1872 - 1969)
be3
, 3 tf*
- sios-
406)
^aS (Euripides B. C. 480 -
- ^- 1800- 1600
("Leonardo
o \
Da vinci 1452 . 1519) ^o-S"
(Lodovica Sforza i
59
3
tfS ^Study in proportion).
2. &r&o3j* - enS oSsSj) 1 ^ (Duccio :
Last Supper)
3. ese^S" &tf5": as ^5" e55 6 fceSoA"
eJo L- ej
SS^S". (Albert Durer: 1471-1528-
Designer of the Sitting man).
4. 1)5* 3ej |^ ) S'"S>^;_: <5 ^^^(S"
o L. CT CD o
(Piero Delia Francesca: 1420-1492
The flagellation),
5.
(Architectural View of a City)
6. tte^JO rf^St [SS^^^?S (Perspective)
[]S^o3 cp"?)S" (Raphael : 1483 -
1520)
' (Projective Geometry),
(Convergence) e5S6?5^e3) (Diver-
gehce),
), SOSD
(Canvas)
^
ceptions)
relations)
> (Giotta : 1266-1337) e^
(Visual Per-
(Spacial
gsSdJd (Partially boxed -in room)
S35bS (Birth
QO N
and Naming of St. John, the Baptist).
60
II
2.
1601 - 1665)
/
. 17 SS
de Fermat:
on
Albert! 1404
-1472)
(Battista
\
(Central perspective^,
(Vertical Perspective)
(Terraced Perspective) "S^^S
(Paolo Uccella: 1397 - 1475), Ler^o
|^pi3^5- (Piero - della Francesca
1416-1492), S<aK?^ cp afe^
^ A (Adoration of Maggi)
cr 5
(Treatise on Painting)
61
3.
. $f. 1430
S
fcotf
B ^,
d
4.
L
2. qito 8.
62 aspfSoobJf II
4. &e*5* 5. CTSro^g 6. &>& 7. .
8.
jf g (Applied
Art), i
(Abstract) ^
(Pythagoras B. C.
b : 4 : 6 s$a ^ en**' vco^^ *<,<V'TS CT T, %^_ A T>*\ Q
AC, CB
(Key note) L ^&o ^^ &rfgtf ^^^^ AC = a; CB = b
a : b = b : a + b ^^^ QS 4 C
ABS
C
H a] + |b >
A B = 58
AC = 22
CB = 36
(Ivar Bentsen) ^o^eafi (1918),
fir*^) e5o|&dir io*^S (Andrea Palladov :
1508 - 1B80) as^oa^S S^Ss-Q
(Villa foscari), b s5"ead8Q5 (Le Cor
busier : 1887-1974) ^6^oOo3 S)^-nd^S
(Villagarches), <3 &p"c^e3 ^^(The Mars-
eille Block), &
/
(i97)
2. Experiencing Architecture
d"tf ?5 : Steen Eiler Rasmussen. Chap-
man & Hall., London (1959)
3. A Study on Vastuvidya :
tff?5 : Tarapada Bhattcaharya,
Patna. Published by the
Author (1947)
4.
15.
, I. ^F. soo
0/6
Elements') es^ 18
2,000
(Deductive Process)
(Independent) s-,
. 1899
(1862-1943)
ons of Geometry)
(Foundati-
A, B,
a, b, c..od
a, /3, Y, ..
(Linear)
(Space Geometry)
2.
,
4.
5.
tftf
; A S)o&$) a
a, A
65
A CTCP a 8
"1^02)5"
CD CD
, 1, p o
P 0*30* 1
'Si^a (Equivalent). &>
, 2000
(Intuitively)
. 1763
5 $ e^ o &
G. S Kluegal
S
(Saccheri)
180 eo
(Gauss),
Bolyai),
3.
(Poincare)
^gcxo (Johann
(Lobochevskey)
cp|
a.g'
O-
^CP
(Intuitive Appeal)
Y>O
oca
x
(Half Rays)
2.
8. g
; U, VOD x
U, Vo
5.
6.
7.
> a, "
330^00
9. I, m,
m
P )oeSbSj)(No4 l.
p q w cxo ^, p
10.
Q
4.
20
G. F, B.
67
, 33^
(Psuedo
Plane) n- sS6tfeS^&D. Q$ *r&ol)&Sj L
jo (Antipodal points)
o
(Great
ircle) &>g
ti'tfg&otfe) p p, ^~
gs
*<
fcjj-^^OJUU OJ &JiJ
2.
S 6 & tf
3.
4t |&$bS3 o3 ^Cf^a^ ^ ss & \ M i"
( ,TT ^ ^SdipfiS'^sio (Spherical &u*j r tf&& f?5 & s'gSb^a
Excess) ovjc
I OQJUCslO Otf ^*J I Q
K ^ v'-s = A x ^73 ?< J5 ^ "^:ietfc5* r6o6>^)r6o (Phenomena)
o
u ^ - ^n-a:,^
tc - - - cA,
i : *.
,^
6. "Soe
sssSQ^oD. ^Enclose space).
7.
II
References
1. Encyclopaedia Britannica Vols 8
'< and 10
2. The Elements of non - Euclidean
Geometry and Trigonometry, By
H. S. Carslaw, Langinan's Green
& Co.
3. Non - Euclidean Geometry, By
Herbert Mesehkowsiki, Academic
Press, New York and London.
4. Mathematics and the Physical
World - By Morris Kline. John
Murray, 50 Albemarle Street;
London.
-A
(sSb o db
(Premises^
. S5p 384 -
322) LSS
^Theory of Valid Arguments
or Theory of deductive Inferences] e)
r?
8} 7 T/F 1
TTriie/False Statements);
Connections
1 (Conjunction)
)isjunction)
(Conditional)
. 2,
2.
Ac? :
2.
(Negation)
N
N
?5sT
p, q, r,
^^ q j [SS
q p A q
p V q
p V q
p, q ex>
^oa. pVq
p
q | pVq
3
SS
55
<3
.6
15*
es
9
es
70
H
p A q (p &Qc&> q)
p 1 q | A pq
p
Np
?3
!6
69
P
P
q, q
<p
p > q
P
q
p-^q
cS
cS
oS
?o
65
S9
65
cS
CJ
a
9
iS
Pi
ss
69
p
p, q
p
. P
, q
p | q
p Aq
pVq
P-* q| P< 2q
N P
Nq
S3
1 *
55
SS
J3 | iS
69
69
?S | 69
65
S
e 1 w
69
cS
e | oS
e 1 ?S
1
S
. 69
o>
49
W
K5
49
?S
69
*
S
(Tautologies):
: p, q, r, x> ?. ss
(p v q) /\ r p v ( q y\ r)
(Tautologies) Stfg |jSsStfSSaa>
p V N p [SS25tf^sS Qo^Sb euS' ^
[(p-* q) A (q^Ol ^ P
p esceo^Syytfe?* q, q
r,
71
Np
p * q
"~TOU &w sj (UVJU
1918
H- t -=i >6~ / n* i-o \-* >>,, ^ SPQoSOD NllD
* M. A0 (Sheffer)S &*S$>a?5<>. 3* \
^ / 0\ ,X _ vS 9
I . o^^ 0X060 ndoo ^otpo^. 4< D/a*
^^ .r/ T.
P SS' c6sF q ft9r^ ^fioio. &>o"S)
N (p
P /\ N q
p &
p s^tfrSbfacS^* N (p qV p /\ Nq <
p
q
P * q | N[p *q
p A Nq
oS
cS
SS | 69
69
iS
69
| ^
rS
69
cS
<6 | 65
69
69
69 | 55 |
69
p ^jesSSxirT' ft oou q
_ ' 1- Introduction to Mathematical
o Oc Logic - Flora Dwikins, Appleton
tfeltf tfo-^jSSa Century Crofts. Ltd.
2. Introduction to Logic - Patric
Supples; (University Series in Under
graduate Maths.)
3. Logic in Elementary Maths. Exner
& Roskoff; Me Graw Hill.
IT.
(Natural numbers) cSg
& a,-" e -SP ^ff (Henry Weyl)^
TMathemetical Analysis),
^Theories)
S) a tf
I'oe^
2.
8.
4,
5.
" 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5
tfowceo.
gers) &
(Positive Inte-
5b, S)S^* S)M
5?e$s*ex> (" Divisors) Ac6^S>.
, 1, 2
("Prime number)
2,8,5,7,11
numbers)
10, 11, 12 ...... 1
^Composite
: 4, 6, 8, 9,
fFundamental Theorem
\
of Arithmetic) n "fj^^-o^iSj. &C5 :
2 = 2; 3= s ;4 = 2 2 ;5=5; 6=2X3;
7=tj 8=2 3 ; 9=S 2 ; 10=2X5, ........ :
225 =* 3 2 X 6 2 .., ; 15625 = 5 6 ; 44100
=2 2 X8 2 X 5 2 X7 2 ; 57717 = 3 2
X 53 ..... . .
Joo^g
table).
(Infinitely coun-
. 2,
6, 7, 11
(2X3X5X7X11) +1=2311
; a,d
j a + nd/n = 1 , 2, 3 ...... I
(Arithmetic Progession)^
1837
(Dirichletj
1949-50
(P. Erdos), A
ex,
8,9,10/11, 12, 18)
n = 23
, n
;n=47 &>o& n, n 4- - o sSotfg
8
. n
,n3, n -f
10 6
SiStfes ^
(P. P + 2 ) [SScK?oS'tf<gcSScpQ[) (Pripii-
tive twins), (p, p + 4 p+6) (p,
p + 2, p + 6) tfr>so* &o"3
i tf ctfpeo iaSb^^coo' ? S^CT* ?
L
It
(3, 5, 7) &[$-& (p, p + 2,
?6odo f
2.
(Riemann Hypothesis) fir^
(Mathematical Analysis)
(4)*
* (x) - f
7 J l
(Asymptotic)
80
, (Man Goldt),
(Vallie-Poussin) 1887
1950
C (s) ==
(Complex variable)
* 'tfoitf s -
G3
fs")
\ /
N.
(1974) i
f(x)=x 2 x + 41, (x
X = 41
e7 B F =2 2 + 1
CO tl
(Fermat 1601- 1665)
F 2 =17; F 3 =257, F 4 =65,587
5 F , F fi o
(Necessary and Sufficient)
(Gauss') ari:r'&o3&. n
M =
p
(3 M
op
M
1648).
(1588-
1974
24. esi&. -^s |j5o<3 p
2; 3; 6: 7; 13; 17; 19; 81; 61; 89; 107;
127; 521; 607: 1279; 2203:2281; 8217;
4253; 4423; 9689; 9941; 11213;
6* 6002
. &aa 1971
M
<5 M eo
(6,
GO
(Perfect numbers)
(n)
n a
2 W _1
2 W -1
2 n -l
24
(2 2 -l); o- (6)=J +2 -1-3 + 6= 12;
(28)56.
10 20
. 14, 15, 18). e
^j^sSa52T^ rSoepgex) (Exponen-
tially Perfect numbers) e$^ sp^a d6o. a.
Tfi *\-.vf&S^ TT
f u flJeS^roQcGS 11
sr
22). $|> BIOS*
33,000,000
EPS" ?5
5*0 _^
1742
oj
. Q %
3 + 7; 12 = 5+7; 14=7 + 7; 16 =
8+13 = 5+11; 18=5 + 13=7 + 11: 33 "^o^ & ft
20 = 31-17=7 + 13; 22 = 3 + 19= &$>S S oS* a.^.
5 + 17=11+11 ;
x 2 + y 2 * z 2
^ oStb^{$'e5'S S'oex) : /, 4, 5"),
(5, 12, 18); (8, 15, 17); &vfoia
/ V / oJU
(Generally j a, b, o^r 8 euS'S ?5a
s^
[ k (a 2 _ b 2 ), 2 kab,
^o^. ^> o "S x= 3, y=4,
= 5; x = 5; y= 12, z= 13; ......
3ajsSn- x = k (a 2 b 2 ), y = 2 kab
Schmrelmann ] isS^f z= + k (a 2 + b 2 ) &
(Density)
77
+ y n =z n 9, n
>2
(Format) "n > 2,
(Wolfkehl),
100, 000
1,60,000
|j3cSfi8^oacS&
, 2. e5
(tip. 6,6)
n = 8 4, 5,
SKfr>S>b EPCO.
253, 747, 889
SSSSbeS),
p=4001
-^
p =
M.
=z p
o
IT.
p, x y z o
References :
1. Abbot, H. L. Etal-Quasi Perfect
numbers, Acta Arithematica 22.
(1973)
2. Ayoub R.-Euler and the Zeta
Function; Am, Math. Monthly.
3. Dickson L. E. - History of the
Theory of Numbers; Vols. 1, 2, 3
(Chelsea)
4. Edwards H. M. - Riemanns Zeta
function : Academic Press, (1974)
78
II
5. Frankel A. A.-Integers and Theory
of numbers; Scripta Mathematica
Studies No. 5. 1955
6. Gandhi J, M. ~ Formulae for
nth Prime; Proc. Washington
State University Council on Num-
bers Theory; Pullman. (1971)
7. Gillies D. B. - Three New Merse-
nne Primes and Statistical Theory;
Mathematics of computation, 18.
(1964)
8. Ingham A. E. - The Distribution
of Prime numbers; Landon. 1932
9. Kavan. G. -Factor Tables. London.
1937.
10. Lehmer. D. N. - Factor Tables
for the first ten Millions; Carne-
gie Institute; Washington. 1909.
11 List of Prime numbers from
from 1 to 10,006,721; Carnegie
Institute; Washington. 1915.
12 Scripta Mathematica, I
(1933)
13 Amer , Mathematical Month-
ly 40. (1933)
14. Me Carthy P. J. - Odd perfect
numbers; Scripta Mathematica 23.
(1957)
15. Muskat. J. B. - On Divisors of
odd perfect numbers; Math, of
Comp. 20 (1966),
16. Mills. W. H. - Bulletin Am. Math.
Soc. (1940)
17. Nicol C. A., Sefridge J. L. &
Vandiver. H. S. -Proof of Fermat's
Last Theorm for all Prime, ex-
ponents less than 4,002 Proc. Nat.
Academy of Sciences 41. (1956)
18. Ore, O 1 - Number Theory and its
History, Me graw Hill. (1948)
19. Peri Sastri. M. - On Fermat's
last Theorm; Am, Math. Monthly
75 (1965),
20 On Fermat's last Theorem;
II Journal Maths. 265 (1974)
21 . Shockley J. E, - Introduction to
number theory; Holt Rinehalf and
Winston (1967).
22. Strauss E. G. &Subba Rao M, V-
On Exponentical divisors; Duke
Math, Journal (1974).
23. Uspensky J. V. dt Heaslett M. A. -
Elementary Number Theory,
London (1939).
is.
rSo$x>ex>rp
2)
l)83
65^
A
. a.^ ^
(Unary Operation) ^
(Binary Operation)
(ternary operation)
s5gS5fS& SldSo
~ ^ -JR v' v
M J?\ rfmA >
J5o^^ A rv
e) Q
$ a, b, c, ^c
a,b,c co
P (1) ?3oS$^$ ^gd&SS : A
a a
so sgrtfa&s' n
sr
P (2) S"*2r*5tfg uT*gd&3$w i ^f^) 2&&oS) cTd&s5o$ (Absorption
P (3) *#s&a* <> S#S$x> : f\*XA,^.ffi p /j\
1=1 a -a . (non - negative) ^o*
""a e A <Sa a-i = A ( N
a, t= A 0.30 a t= A v '
> roeo c^gcojiy^ tj" lw ~*e> "*** ^ClocJc
Algebra^ e$odj8o. M ^c3
P (5) S&gotftf c^gdfibSSjj : 1 , 2, 3 m e5&?6D m
A " "
, A J6^a fot^eo IS fk"! = (k+ 1 k^m
, v ; i
]1 k = m
M
(N(g))(M, IEI)
P 16) 2)^?> e3*gdbbSaj c6^& 8
a ! ( a z ^ a 3 ) = ( a ! a 2 ) E (a t a 3 ) 9 ( (s) ) = H ( 6 (s)
rv
31
(Semi grouf?) S <3 &Sb8
S50[dSc)^ P (1), P (2)
S a e9g&&p$S*S$ ^ (S
(Monoid):
(S, ) S rf^sSxpsSsS P (8)
(Group) : (S, (g))e3
(S, ), P (5)
S es^ cSsSs^SfoSaflte G *S
(l), P(2), P(8) r P(4),
G.
(6)
G
?6o^grT >
S 8*& a
82
n
, G, G 1
1-1
. S
oo~> G 0*3 (jSS&pog'&D g,
g- 1 S g=S.
(Ring)
, P
i
P (5)
. A SSo
(Field)
(Vector Space)
V 5^
, F
. V, F
a
(ii). <5(
+ C/J (iii). ^C 1 e F
1 ^ (i v )
a) (v) 1 a =
B
A
. a, b, c
co B
(i) a V a = a A a=a
a A b b A a
a v b 5= b V A
a A (b AC) = (a Ab) AC
a v b (v c) = (aV b) V c
(ii) a A (a v b) = ay (aA b) = a
(iii) ^e ^
(iv) B a* O, I
A a=O, OVa = a
1 Aa = a, IVa = I
(v) B
a' ^ S^if^&D B
a A a x =
a Va 1 = I
83
. S
x, y, z
rt^ x ^ x
(ii) x<;y,
(iii)
"3o
V
, S
19. SS
(Calculus of Variations).
co o
John Bernouli
1667-1748) |jS
(Brachistochrone Problem)
otfon-
[I- ^, 1689
(Principia)
Lo<2>8
SS"|
(Euler : 1707-1783)
(Bolza")
\ /
ii
- - e -- - e - o, L oa
i. P,Q
CO
& 30&
(Space Tech- 3 fl* spfia
y = y(x) ;Xl ^x^x 2 (i.i)
y (x^y^ y(* 2 ) = y 2 (1.2)
(Algorithms) sSg.
[Soft
r ,S
LS
(Real valued functions) t5a^^&D. ?6&?3s. Li^oieJ tfoo 15 ^. (1-2)
Sgo^ y(x)
L2
L
P,Q
(Domain of the Function) a^
?SSi>S^ a.S' IfSSjS' ArSS^5Sbd, dc3^d"e3gb P ? Q
T^ g'oJS ^T^spa^ S
(Technique
of Variations") *$^ a.^ S)?s5."Sy^ Sjtf^a ^c5n" P O
/ 65 * O 3
P, Q
(Catenary)
2.
(Minimal Suifaces of Revolution)
3.
G
(Brachistochrone Problem)
P (x ll0 ), Q (x 2 ,y 2 ),
X x , ^ X 2 , y 2 > O
3o& ao2fi$e. P>
y
. P 3 Q
(Elastic)
P &o^ Q s
o. P,Q
= y (x)
X
SSdi?6o sSaoAd&zs'SS S)
. "30^
y-y(x)
T
. P(x 1> y^, Q(x 2 , y a )
(2.1)
V
2gy
: T
y(x), P, Q o
(Cycloid) ea
S Stfrfo^ rfoo-9. (2.1)
S^ y(x)
. S
II
G. A. BLISS; Lectures on the Calculus
of Variations; University of Chi-
cago Press; Chicago, 1946,
O. BOLZA: Lectures on the Calculus
of Variations; Dover pub. 1961
P. CICLA : An Engineering Appro-
ach to the Calculus of Variations;
1946
A. R. FARSYTH : Calculus of Vari-
* ations ; Dover Publications ; 1960.
M. R. HESTENES : The Calculus of
Variations and Optimal Control
Theory; John Wiley & sons ; 1966.
S. H. GOULD : Variational methods
for Eigen Value Problems ; Univ.
of Toronto Press ; 1957.
F. D. MURNAGHAN : The Calculus
of Variations Spartan Book; Wash-
ington. D. C. 1962.
LA. PARS : An Introduction to the
Calculus of Variations ; John
Wiley & sons; 1963.
H. SAGAN: Introduction to the Cal-
culus of Variations ; Me. Graw Hill
Company ; 1969.
20.
. *. 1900 * alj-, 32) fcSdj* (Ricci and Levi Civita)
Ikti e,sf
tf^o, $
feS" (Einstein)
o \ /
"(Scalar)
sSj
(Vector)
87
StfooootS
a, "3
to &
(Elasticity^o
27 ?6ospQO)
C
(Rank)
= 3)
3 3 ^9o"fe 27
_tf^ (homogeneous and isotopic)
/Components)
(Deformation)
(Summation convention) EPA*
w&*S$3. fisi^tf T, p OD
(Current Co-Qrdinators) x, y, z s^, x 1 , x 2 , x 3 e
It
(Basic Vectors) e^ e^ 5 3 , &a l
A" &, n> oo*oeo A* e^ gr? A 1 5^ + A 2
Sb 3o& Stf&oSjS ^cj-enoy^ooo. baa A* (i = 1, 2,
(Contravariant) ^tferean A (i = l, 2, 3) S ^sJ*t^o (co variant)
A* = A..
SiSo
(cylindrical polar axis), fiVs*tf ^53X So^sSxi (spherical polar axis)
'
(Metric) e
(Elementary arc) Ptf
ds 2 = g dx l dx j '
g. .
g. ,= e. , e. = -.
*
,. ;
= : i ^ j
(Kronecker delta)
:>x
id^tfrS^S 3*K3 tfeoD^o'tf fo6Vea) (^Dual basic vectors)
/
A* 3^ A.
1 , x' 2 , x /3 , ......
A/ ax* .a
A i= 77- A
( , A
A i = g.. Aj
A* J " t A. ., A .
A* J
K
es
A'. ' =
3
K
(r + s) ^oSb Sb|ysS)
dx
ax 1
dx"
dxPs
i. " dx' ;
dx /f
n0
(Absolute)
90
II
{ ,+B. . = C. .
A*
A*. B, 7 =C*., 7
j feltn jfeiw
"BS^fio
"fj
"Bc6^g )2r>tf!g&> (Outer product)
"SoSoo
(Inner product) a, So* 'asp co'
"So&o
(Inner multiplication")
. wotftfo
A\ B. T =C. T
j tim jlm
a,S" [jS^tfo &*& (Contra variant index)
"B^fio ^o^)^, 2 ^/^e&oa.
A ijfe A Jfe
A I* A 1
*<)ess o 2foflr*ft) A cXss*^ fSo^tJsio (contraction') 65
^ 3o&& a,^^^ (5^ ^o&
StfSb
?3e
(even rank tenser)
A 1 oSp, A* B. fc
(Quotient law)
^ B. fe
A^=A* e, escco^
t
e.
dA = A { di. + d(A { ) 5.
A ^D x
dA
di.
"a?"
61
dx fe
A G3ba^^.
A.
9 ^CPG &T;J*&D& (Aggregate) &ptfo fSatf A { So-
fe
ofiS 1 A* c3x>;,_ SkS-iSo wSSg'osrtQ;) A';
A i .,.=
A*. fe , A { . fe
^Christoffel Symbols) :
?5oa3,
, . fe
91.
p = - . _ L
lfi i ei 8*"
de.
p , = e* _ L.
1
[Sofl
jfe
= 1 _ +
ft j* 5 ^ dx*
r d g
pt _ 1 gtl I * ? _L
1 * ~ 2 L V s
(Metric Tensor) &d3j*Aoa [So<5
ii
.
= 1?" "
A = dA *J -
~~
dA..
a a
..IT
*
fe <rf a
...*... .^...
ki
"BS^Cfi
grad, ^ = - r
dx*
Div A = A* .
curl A =
(1) Vector and Tensor Analysis By H. LASS.
(2) Tensor Calculus By B. SPAIN
: Dr. P. V-
21.
93
6S. e*&d6
SS5
9 C?
94-
(theories)
sjg
?3o5J^ea
s-iSb.
(predict)
StfSb
^fic'
dence)
(empirical evi-
$638*
II
- (Economic Microscope)
(indirect effects) &&
o (Behavioural changes)
output technique)
(W. W. Leontief)
(Input-
96
(Sectors) JT
S30(^b?&.
^sSx)o?63 So8
(goods and services)
(Theory of firm) ?5o<&
X' (lamda)
J d
e^
(cost function)
X = a+bQ -fcQ 2 (a, b, c ex ft
(a)
inal cost-MC)
dX
"dQ"
(b\ c6/(&a s5gd3osSx?i (Average cost-AC)
96
X a
(c)
"derivative)
I
*
U/
1 T dX X
Q''dQ' ~ ~Q
]
= - [MC-AC]
'k'
ward)
(down
M
Q y
<0
(MC-AC)<
?3o?S
lowest
point) sStf
22.
23 1
SB
(Plots) fear?ss$3&. s^a^ 6 03
sSoS)?5
(Design
of Experiments \ e3^> "|J$8tfj$ \^\&& ^^> atfd&S&oexi ^disStSrj
b" (Sampling Techniques)
3iO > 53*Sb
si<3
98
II
(Anthropo-
metric Measurements)
/
^Nutritional Deficiency)
?6sSd6sSxa*,
(Status 1 )^
\ /
(Statista) ^
(Statistik^ &
SoS
^Observations) "
_a 3
ejtftf
23.
(Probability theory) S&^a ofifi,
(abstract)
Sea
i i
(chance)
($#3 IJ5 ft a
(axiomatic)
(Random Events)
1628-1662) So,
(Chavalier de Me' re 1 )
?S^f6g^
(Pascal :
"6, 6"
26
4 : 25 ^ 6 : 36, s-a
(Fermat: 1601-1665)
100
(Von Mises : 1920)
EPeS8c&j3 B gcS3d6 /Relative frequency
Interpretation of probability)
(Fisher, R, A. : 1920)
g^b froQifi tf^Sfe&o (Statistical
attitude) Qftjsrtfc. Sb8fccpo#s (Measure
Theory) Q3Qtfor? ft
(Kolroogorov : 1933)
a, "3
eJfif
*0 > esfe
flg)55 "1, 2, 8, 4,
5, 6
(Random Experiment)
(Sample space) 'S'
S : "(1, 1), (1, 2) ..... (U 6);
(2, 1), (2, 2;, .... (2, 6); ..... ..- ;
(6, 1), (6, 2), .... (6, 6) 4 ' w3 6
11
E
(Event)
(5, 8), (6/5) 3 2
E
101
(Equally likely), 3d'
SSSespoSSh (mutually exclusive)9&
(Favourable outcomes) f
\ j &
f
ere
86
(5, 6); (6, 5)
2
E
(E) =
> '
36
?5oBDo$oO?6
3j
, 60
aeo
61
&3 E
frequency)
(Idealised constant)
(Relative
(Statistical Regularity)
E :
, n
- & E
, P (E)
: (i)
(ii)
Lim
n ^ oo
(Valid Jnferen-
\
ces
(Calculus probability), ^
^esSbocp
102 >&*?$& J>^ II
ar
(set function)
^Q^do ?<S ^ojpgSV^Sxs. aa&gy^&x) (Genetics)
cDg&S"^ spe^tfea y^&a (meteorology^.
(Axio- ^^^ (Physics),
toatic Approach to Probability)
E, e&
(E) &, E
24.
, ss "3o&tf5o&_ A, B
(Samples)
o
Ji)P(S)=l, (ii)P(E)
(iii) E, F eo S & Bo&?5 "3o& SJQ^O -o ~ " "6
E, F oS"^ ^^c6o
f, P (E + F),
A, B 9^ 65oJ*6"^OOO ^CT" o
*)^ jJSSft LfSdficpSSsio^ 8 ^ S$56s&e>5b
108
; A, B o
(Null Hypothesis) EL O.
si o
sjoti
JS SSdSg'o Saoi,
D
(0 < a < 1)
Q L
104
il
400
eo. fiaa o<3
, 30
82
62
80 s*o&ex>
62 So-^Q, 30
So
D| =
A =
D
. a = 0.06
R)?5 D
1.88; ajSdfc D,
^o 5
62
Dl =
p=
P 1 -P 2
A/ pq ( + i
v \ D i n 2 /
#8
166
y =
n =
2
a = 0.05, V
,t =
=
^)odx>oS.
o-asSg
53^
106
5*0
1 n.
n
s/ =
j=i
x =
y =
x.=
, F
S)
fifc
cS&ScoCT'SSbo.
X 2 -
X 2 =
0.
n =
Tn 1
167
=
Z-
5
V-
v n
\ lo s
i i
1~
^1
l+i
l-i
I+P
2 '" e l^^
r =
p =
^
- 3 > 1.96
(n),
-co:. 5
(Abraham Wald)
^
]3
53-
n, a,
n
H
&
f
. H Q ,
X
f (x), ^ (x)
x , x 2 , x T
A, B; (0 < B < 1 < A)
X =
~ m I f fT \
- ' I *o l x i)
i' ,m = l,2, 3...
x , x , x S)a)S5co
l' X 2' X 3 "
H ^D
H &
. X n ^ B
B =
. A,B o
106
n
66X0^
ios arsis' ii
(i) ^
(ii)
(iii) 6$
(iv)
(vi)
(vii)
25.
oeo,
Q
109
40
1947
,. 1960
00
300
00,
300
1, 2,
1
30
sat
a,"!
110
II
, /
ex>r?
N, N , - N fc
12 ft
s^g^con', k ASS ED
|jS8 ASSea^oSSa SboO r
N
N
N
_
n
(k
,
i, i+k f
i + 2k, . . . , i + n 1 k
OS n c&paS*, n
. ^8
. 18 k
. k
. 2,000
100
^al
20 SS
20
ceo*
. 8U3
es
QT?
111
16 \
. e)
190
196
49
49
196
1920
196
1930
itfdd*
g'oeb
><*3,
(88j*S
112 Ss'SfiaS' II
CO
3
^' ~^.
I960
o
sSaSOoo*db.
83^5
26.
tfg
$1)0*00
SCPCT-
118
J 0-30*
tftfsfco
A, B, C
A A A
B B B
C C C
A
B
C
B
C
A
C
A
B
A
C
B
B
A
C
C
B
A
1872
25
A
B
C
D
E
D
E
A
B
C
B
C
D
E
A
E
A
B
C
D
C
D
E
A
B
Aodooofi.
. A, B, C, D
C B A A D
A C D B C
D C A C D
eg
4
SKJorr-
114
III
4 iofioo
A
B
D
C
B
C
D
A
C
A
B
D
e.g' er<3S
r6S5d3C)^
23^)
CO
83"^
6s*a&
ti
SS'oaCfi
2>l_to:56
i
A
B
C
D
ii
B
A
D
C
in
C
D
B
A
IV
D
C
A
B
a.S'j. sS
Sfctf
800^
SSofc ^o&oofi.
SCPCT*
cSodiprP
M, A., M.&p.o
115
[j68
M. A., M. Sc.
AoA.
2T.
(confounding^
S'oflS
116
tical Quality Control)
(Statis-
, SS3tfSoS*a
(2) esofisptf sSaSo^ SStf&ea (Accep-
tance Inspection methods")
63
1
(Quality x *
Control -Charts) . 1924
(Wattage), g&
SCPCJ-
Bell telephone Laboratory 6*
53*05" sfr*sJ5" (Walter Shewhart)
v
. l S
fora
(X), 57gS> (R),
(o-)
, es |j$8
(x),
s"a>a,
(c)
SS8lo^
(Poisson)
(c)
?6oeDo5oO^
118 3s*&&iS' II
2.
(Runs) &P\ 9o Sj*e8, 9S$ c&o>o s^ii.
(n)
X S'
^ y ^-W t>(\j, rJcO jjNJ^ptvOn c a
(Screening)
(ii) L i
53jCSS ( Single sampling plan )
5 5"
119
X , c
c 2 ,
S C
(Dauble-Sampling Plan)
n (< n^ 5*0(3,
( Multiple Sampling Plans )
(Sequential Sampling
Plans)
o \ d
CO J
( Planning Department ),
( Production Department ),
( Inspection Department ) o
s*Sbocr,
'
SCPCT*
28.
^ 3
Theory) 1921 5T 8
5r^s5ap, S)^ ^6"& a^Si&o (in-put,
out-put analysis) n* 1936 d^ W. W.
(Linear Programming) n
1947 ^
(Dynamic pro-
gramming)
It
S^ofi
ei e>
Sc&D&J,
a.S'
si a
121
"a a
(Balanced diet)
53-aa
^3 ^odi) 5jS3
A, B
>, A
B
o
A s*S, B
'
1 sS
S^ 8 ^ S3c$53 do
W. W,
Q O CJ o
sra^aa
So
(Inventory) ?3
(queues^
sjfi
/Traffic signals) 8* |jSdoa
rftfrs-
123
sjos*
i
u L,
in
29. 5 ctfo 00
193 e 3tf on* 193 tfoa>o S3*<3
o
tfei
" OL
, 53
633^* sSj^S^M dSbojro
20^
o
136
10' 15 Sbdo6"e; S5ofc = 10' 31 S.
o
S. in*.
atf^aa^aa
S5g S'o
_. L _. - e - -- - .-^^ -- (5j"ds v^ (UcOD^iPO^ eseaod'tf?6&
GO
8367?
^8
o.
126 a*rtfa8>$ II
a. 5*^
a,"!
30.
(Structure of an atom)
(isotopes)
(fundamental-
unit^ StfsSreaaSS> fatom^ eso4j*fiS. StfsSj*
/ \ /
\^/ V
(Atomic number)
<P
1.87 X ID' 24
8.96X IQ- 2 '
L_
^fOoDCO OC3oJV II
io- 12
(Thomson model)
19$ S'spa OS50 sVff* J, J.
o co
(Rutherford's
model)
8300E3
(Centripetal force) S5o
SOPCP
\*>&
(Characteristic
Frequencies)
127
[Bohr's atom
Model] :
drS>)
oL
8*5 [Niels Bohr]
QoD*
stulates) :
(Po-
3
(Non-radiating)
(Angular momentum)
(n)
n= 1,2,8,...
(2) ^o
v
128
II
(Classical mechanical laws)
E -~
m e 4 1
3 ^?SSx) X
ksS
[n>kl 3*08
1 _ 1 / _ 27T 2 m e 4
X he \ n 2 h 2
2*2 me 4
k 2 h 2
(Rydberg Constant)
fia SeoiS 1.09 X 10 5 -So. Ib.' 1
(Sommerfield's
(band)
(Arnold
Sommerfield) ^os 11 &
v^o
5stf (Elliptical)
(Fine Structure)
?6ogpg (Orbital quantum
number)
0, 1, 2
(Precession)
(Ecentricity) ^pdi^boa. I = 0, 1, 2, 8, 4
s, p, d, f, g fi5^ ^^cpexin 1
fritetfyjeo (Sub-shells)
n = 1, 2, 8 Sex^oSo ^Xe &ox> 1
129
1).
m
m
v
^
n
- He + ,
(Com-
ponents)
(anomolous)
(Stark effect)
(2)
fctfon-
lo
AS.S'Si" (Uhlen-
),^S" fc^ff (Goudsmit), tpfc (Pauli),
(Lande), ^5"^ (Stern),
(Gerlach) T &o*" (Dirac) co ^S)^
#^4 sS^sSreso ?6(ar f6siir>^ (Vector
atom model).
(Vector atom model)
1.
quantization)
antization of Direction)
2.
(Spatial
(qu-
ize and form)]
^o&o S)C3o^
" L^^^ 25 :^ 7 ^
(Orientation of the
orbits In space)
(Orientation)
130
II
(Projection)
(Zeeman Eflfect)
(Space quantization)
CO
D 2 (5890
?6o^^
Zeeman Eflfect)
a (6896
6
(Magnetic moment) go*^ AodO)0(3.
(anoraolous
. &$&
(Electron spin)
. 1925^ ASSSi"
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
a.g'
DOO) (quantized vectors)
.^ (Vector atom
model)
(Vectorial
length)
a (Vector analysis)
(a)
- n
, 2, 8 .... 3tf3_
(b)
(c)
s : &R)
(d)
(P \
(P N o
j :
(Vector addition) j e
jfcoa. J56 I + - L '"
\
^-""p"
131
(e)
(parallel), |]5d ^aSro^d'sSx) (anti-parallel)
\& 3
I ^o^ +
FSs -f 1*1 LSS'
^^g :m $ gb+|, ^-i
192 Ss'JSafiS' n
(g)
m :
3*0060 o$>g j
m. ,
p m
31.
5*oS tfe3eo e*S"
1666
O
o 3o<3S cf^efo wStf i
19
. q^ SSto
SoS dig,
.
c
. a)
3 tf^&o coo&A.
o o
08*
^ ?sS 8000A
O -*0^
7600A
CO
' 8 Ibo. Sb,;
o
loJOuJ^AoXOO oJOoJ 5*00 *X>Ji JVVT
V = I ,
t
|jSs*tfs$oo
, _ Y ' - *^ -%:
e L
* " VXH = f - ...(8)
E, H
A&j tt^CJUWt*' k oJU QJJ~V^ ejuu^-'^ix **MW^^^ ^ ~
^ - - - .
a, t
134
It
e A Sin 6
?!
= E=
H...(6)
; A
c 5*0^ rt&o; r, 6, CD
E, H
COP
, S)6
Ze 2
- (
Z e
; r 2) a
M v 2
-
M
; v
>
M Z' e 4
& A
sjodb
136
1895
(Transition) S5o
3
S)fl
x-
x-
gi (Range)
x-
a-
Y-
. Sb.
X-
xn-S, 18780*
J
1 90 1 e*
600
o ^o&,
(Selenium)
& eo
(Mechanical scanning desks)
<J>
s^oS StfsSoSooo 3
-,
32.
_
Steooo&l. 1928 6* 3tf^4)- fi^ t!
(Baird), ejo<"^ (Jankins) ^>& fiv^^ (Directional property)
o
flf CO , O
to So
187
&J
&tfoS$e><*
oL
sjc3
esa*tfon estfo
8,066
1906
esQAofi*
rv
SS^Sin' 30^)0^ "^O^S'o tfc&P
1924$
*p'
(Group Velocity) S'ea
x-
^tfonc
isfi
sr
a,"!
oei
*
\ 2 "
[Dynamics of macrosco-
pic objects]& aa^o
1.
, 5*08
A
SoflS
8
cn.
w
.2.
Q
^^^c2cpo?6i>
[1900]
eadb^tfb,
= hV
V
; h
hV
(1923)
f5<?3?s5o g"
P ?& ]&jl&rto tfo
x = A e
(1927), 3P&&5 1 (1928)
(1918)
a c? L-
SS6[4f S^^
SStfeao
AE ^ SStfeao
^^g&D 5^
V = AE/h
.
J. 3. =
V
R :
/ 1 ! \ r
= R I -r r I |m, n :
\ m n / L
146
er
&S)oe5 T >&&ri', rS9|jSc3 e d&
"oP?6c5'8Dfio (1925)
(1926)
SCPCT ^&tfdpgQDa. ^[fireaS" "loitf
estfo
o5o|j&3d& d&o|jW r>^*^, ooa se/S (^acoDSx) y (^x,
coo
tftf a^LoOo<3.
O
- . , t 1926 ]
' r dx ^iicrS x, x + dxo
^^%W UJ* >-^.
W,
W
55S5 ^S (E) SoD^O^b ^^^
d
' dx'
HI
dt " tt n
Cujo "^if6 o)Qi dSb fi Co c^) 55*000. m
" Rch ,
E _ (c = s>o
n n 2 \
2m
2m dx 2 "Si
r'
o
o
-iEt
J/- (x, t) = ^ (x) _- r s*S$fco sSo
6 "h ^
- ti 2 d 2 ^
__!_ 4- v ^ =
2m dx 2
x'^" **C 'x^ j^ > *^*^^ fi S C w C4 " oj S O (O \tO
\\j fOoJJ5OB3O oj(\JwOCj . *J
^S^^esofiT*
. C5" S^^eao
fn + M ?iV ^ $tfo sSoiofi. -^B , . . S5J7 . g- ^^^ rfnoai
\ 2 / soraSio. saa^ - fv& M 19^6 1
<. ,^-.*\V __.. _sf ffs *! C3 O L J
o
Kv
w n V ti Q -
E =
E-ifi ^-r,
at
E. = j (j
tf P^-^ V
[1928]
x , at . a ,
* y* '
142
4X4
[0<3
E = c Vp 2 + m 2 c 2 = c (*J? M + p
+ flf p + /3m c =c a p+/3m c^
E *i
ot
-iti V
iti
dt
4X4
E = c
E = + me 2 , E me 2
me
Irfc
TI
. 2mc 2
Y -
VI )S^&ocx)o;
fo^ (1988J
" S,
ft-S'
34.
(Relativity)
S$?SOX>
n 2) _*
tfdaa
9 es 8)t3
Q
^ a.s
. (Special
Theory of Relativity),
(General Theory of Relativity)
Q
186
3e> a*j ^^^^ go- 8X10*
(Ether)
18.5
1887-1897
aa S56j
Q
144 Ds'jS&Jte II
v
S'o'cb
200
55
"
1905^5
i.
sSgJ' SStftf
1.
2. 5-0^^
rr>, s^oQ
^oeo^o
o
3al
146
o co
o
I'
(10)
m
m =
,.
'+-?
146
II
See&oa. oi&
2,2 X 10 13 .
(Absolute)
(One dimensional)
(Coordinate) S5
(Two dimensional).
x
(Four dimensional)
(Four dimensional continuum)
, y, z, t ^
a*
147
1916
rfo
fo^fi^ Aotoofi;
tSIb
^600
?S ^o
J (Action at a
distance)
o
BDOO
m m
= G._L
d 2
ss^tfea
cSsSo
148
ii
ds 2 = dx^ + d?* + dz 2 + c 2 d 2
ds
df
, dx, dy f dz
tf&Q^&dSo
3cx5oa><o
2)\tfs3tibf&o<3.
35.
(Nuclear Structure)
(Atom)
(Nucleons)
*3 *[#$&> (Nucleus)
(Proton), rS^j|jt^& (Neutron)
io- 28
1.67 X ID' 24 JH-.).
1886 "5 to
148
pion) S$e
[Rho], fiu&n- [Omega], 5 [Phi]
"loi
\&> Ci
Z + N
( z r
+ * -v n
io~ 12 -ao. So. ;
10 +14 ,n. &. 7)0. Sb. ^o&oofi. SS^oS'^o^ ^^dT^op (Isotopes)
^oa. qS C- 12; C-18,
TNuclear forces! sooSoO ^ H .
L J C 14.
^ ^^ 6, 7, 8
2X10" 13 "foo. So. (ird'^^ _*
a*a as
C- 12
m "' LJ" W ' Q
i.C - 13, C- H.eo^a
esofioo
."o?cO><Ci>o (Meson-
160
II
, a- a
^&o^S sjjodio (discrete quantum)
b. |S58
f S, S*rfcC
momentum).
(Energy level)
, (angular
(Parity), sjtftf
(magnetic dipole moment), >&
Cb^S [ip&tfciae (Electric quadruple
moment) *3
(Dynamic Electromagnetic moments)
(Electro magnetic
transitions)
(multipoles)
^n* S)S58ot3oo'&,
SJoa>&o& (Parameters)
eSS'
SraSfoo,
sSofiS
fc^a) M (Virtual states)
. S)a **ci^fo^bex) M (Bound states)
(Internal conversion Electrons)
(decay)
(Radiative lifetime) & c <3 05
M (Transition
probalities)
e$r5sStfafc$a>
. fla tftf&
CO fii *
" (Models)
161
cSooofioOcS
1.
(Liquid drop Model) :
tf^ Sf (Volume
o ~~*
Cohesive Energy)rto&; tfo^cSj^ (Sur-
face Tension)
(Semi-Empirical mass Formula)
S>d$tfc52Sx> (Nuclear fission)
(Shell Model)
28, 50, 82, 126 w
(Magic Numbers -
(Realistic potential well)
5
(Individual particle levels)
E>ob [coupling force],
(orbital
motions)
3.
^Collective Modelj
(surface vibraiions)rs
(odd particles)
(average potential)
tfD&r* ^odJ'o
So&asaooS*
^30^)03
(delbrmauon)
(ellipsoidal)^) |jS6Qj&
" (Rotational Spect-
(vibrator)
#" dosje>&, "fo[tfS'&!>c tftfsfo& 1) "Nuclear Physics" [19751
2) Nuclear Structure Studies
Angulear Correlations Experiments
from Ph. D. Thesis [1970]
36. S5 6
(NUCLEAR ENERGY)
i.
9etJ
2. 5jtftfS
^, 8;
L o - 2.
E = MC 2
M &oftv^tf.a?S *" I E
^0^. (C =
8 X 10 10 "ao.Sb.a,
0,0263.<3T*.1#* 3*<?5s&o *3&?5)<3b sStfsSyeso &o : 4H 1
n 1 + energy
tf tf<3T*
3.
i
if
i
+ Energy.
200
e
- 235
t^tf^OrS}*" aTO(3f6 (53i>dio J^oSj'db ^ fig
6.3 X 10 6 S^spdu Ao<be> r_?
cOD oSj-i3b 50
(coal)
f 8
3.
O Q ^7 *\^ ^\ ^ >^ ft
2b.T oJO.oJ ^o v a
StoSoa iSSiSdieo o-^ L^L 8 ^
O)OD c$c5)&oA* 4
168
Il
B. ^pScSrS" iiifio
20
(Snap)-27
" " 0"o
65
CO
- 12
, TR-1,
TR-2, TR-5 s$e sSoKef^w), TG-1
TG-7
S5*fi>
& m * s
155
10 6
S
^ -
: 3*. T^^na -3>Q*to
37.
(COSMIC RAYS)
975
. 1911 ^ofi 1914
6500 &o(3 0,000
1,30,000
tf w cx> 167
, D^Stfra
o*^do5o
v/
. 1927 <3*
4.
1.
&&
^tf 1:d3^ a
rt>aoi3
1927-1928 SosS^o-oa* 'J*
. *a -- o
o
u
XS ^ tf\ ^*/
1928<sr
1 . C^H ytr 9)6/0 O A
^.
4-^Tia'n*' XAifa
60,000
158
ii
20
100
eS)
), JpDc^Sio,
s^Co
, A
206
K
2.
, 4.
S3n*c&ia, 3. tfgtfes
1.
300
2.
4.
J>a
*
3*s ~s & - *s^ a&^CFojSfo o^So?_oJ S^oJ&OojO .
. e<?oss co2JoSjj : & u >
c3
38.
(ELEMENTARY PARTICLES)
169
1930 sp&S si?6Sb [is ^"E?a a^ s5gd^ ^ra&i (anti-
05^: 1. ^os* (S", particle) ^otoofi. >
2. |&*tr>^. 3. fSrci trS", 4,
(electrically neu-
<PO__
tral) ^E5*o^b oS^So^
(strangeness)
iofi
c\)a3C ^ -v- ~ ^
(material world) *-& ^^^ ES ' S^^e- ap^sa
ST-CP
i
160
&g' ii
V3
Jl
8
Vo
*n
TO
<va
V3
V2
b
TO
o
&
ff
o
V2
A
8
t
60
o o
o o
*
to
/fe
\1SOI
& *?
V2
f
<D
X
03
I I
O *-4
p3j
V2
to
f
p +
03 O
o 4-
o
03
c?
1
O
i-H
X
CO
1
X
03
OQ
t-
o o o
9 i
M
to y?
& A Jfe
<VQ I
1 I ^
x>
161
#
&
*0 Vo
TO 1/2 TO (^
6D t fiD P d
V2
TO
Vo
V2
63
IS ^
D O
CxQ O/Q
Y3 Y3
IPn I d
t
18
^T &
^3 ^
^ ^o
V2 V3
s .
10
VO
1
o
o
i
o
Y2 ^
1
o
1
1
1
O
X
00
X) 2
X
X
CO
V
Tl
X
CD
O
jg
X
CO
03
T (
a
o
o
H~
o
o
T
T
LO
1
CD 00
CO CQ
CO OO
GX]
OO
CO
CX]
(TO
oa
CQ
CO
CQ
CM
XQ
CD
CO
oa
IW
111
(W
V2
ftoj
V2
182
n
(high energetic particle)
(traBsformation)
^o& AD
(cosmic rays).
(accelerators)
0*30* I
magnetic interaction)
n*
(Electro-
(Carrier)
(Strong Interaction)
a.g'
3)<a<" (Pion),
8) e e>
(Radio active
nucleus)
s'd'o (emit) S^o<3.
oeJ
(Laws of Conservation)
-EPdfo. 1956SS
(Nuclear
Reaction)
Ve
V jj,
Srg(jSiS*8
163
&JS6&
1987
A
SSco
+P+ m +M+
(Yukawa)
II
t)<W 0-30- g-dfr Qj*
. 630068,
K
a^es,
K S'ESPoi, K
1. l3go*$&&># ^^^"cy(/mass-
"bmans.)
(Leptons) . q;
(Mesons) :
(Baryons) .*
(L L s5e>o 2.
o* s.
1.
5g ef^goa*
e
&p>& <3.
:^ B
1-04-1+0
0-Kl + O-l.
left
^r grjff
+
"3ao
P, n;
ifiS' II
(multiplet)?T
(Singlet) : fi, ^S \
(doubkts) : K+ K;
(triplets) : + ^
T eS Z
II
3 [n +
2 [.K +
2 [K. K]
2 [P, B]
8 [S, + S.
o I 01
* L=- = J
i
2
^
2
1
2
l_
2
1
-1
1
.1
-2
1
1
1
1
1
1
-1
.1
-1
-2
-8
aa
+1, +L,
166 Stf'&SiS' It
3. o##c5j) So^g (Strangeness)-S &*5G ^^2^2 tSa^^So \3s*8o
(multiplet)
2 - e (X + 1B + }
\ 2 2 2 /
J
o
(hypercharge) Y = B -f S
4.
*> Q ^ . rrft
/A 10 S 3 *^' S^ K U
(Anti-particle Symmetry)
. .2
C03* ft)"^5P^ S>Oo55),
5. ^e^o (Parities) a^g^^o: 7^^^ ,**^ ^^A^r/ iV-l^ll
.""^l ^J 1
tftfo/f [SSidoo
I),
C. S. 4p,
6. C. P.
(even parity) sfcotfa,
(odd parity)
Soci
S'o'fe
o
*J
C. P.
C. P.
30 S
S'ESPCO
SO
(Reso-
nances)
167
tftfon-eon-
Su
(Special unitary Symmetry
group 8X3 arrays).
do So
T, S, Q, B, Y
), B, C
fctf
B^&i-
T
S
Q
B
Y
o
10 -io
A
i
2
2
3
i
3
1
3
K^
B
1
1
1
1
Jj J
2
3
3
3
O O&B
C
I
2
-1
1
3
1
3
2
"3
II
1.067 X 10~ 19
1.602 X ID' 19
39. 1s
( TACHYONS )
1.
rao 3-g>a ; 2.
cQ.
_ S'fl
( Tachyous ) ^Sb^sS ^didfo ^<^ei)o.;
(Mass]
9 g'eao
186,000
X 10 8
S-^id*
; 8. - ' -
A 0*4^^ B eCo^) ^{fooB. s
d&o|e ^Q^
B ^oS T *o 3a eao A
Soft.
t 09 -~ -,.,*. -,,
A - ^-5vrS. *- S A^A H?l "B fiD^OS^^JS^ A
jSar^ooTY*
1 a- &So tf JSON aa^ ^n^ s'o&^^'o A 06^ ^A Bn- &8^to, B
a-fl
m
m
a-S
(Reverse) ^S5^^.
An-
Sb^s* e*oi edwg. A e>&^ && B
A &o a,^ ^30
._
tfi
7 3 53 SCS)
B
ito
it
e.S'
tfe^db
es
Visible universe }
41
65
(light year)S*
sod (jSdircso
9.6
8 1/2
171
5*0. co
0X0
8 1/2
; 1085
j; 20 ^
40. (ti ^g 00 -
(Matter and Antimatter)
800 rSoiio rSogx? ^fi JStfSb 103 es?
[^^o^o^ 8
ooodxSSofi
(Matter)
172
H
a."!
"895", cte<
spfl
= 3*085/^0. COCP
f
SraTifcS
, ss
cca^
* "I
fif
1956^
^ Accelerator)
178
if'
Sp&d&
1,8
174
II
250
87^,
rf e
(Parity)
41. "So as S" e>o,
as
(Microwave
Amplification by Stimulated Emission
of Radiation *f>&>;6<2> ss
tftfotf Stfo &oci
(micro waves)
(radiaton)
(LASER - Light Amplification by
Stimulated Emission of Radiation & q<3
s^oodoo
O Ci -^
.(J)
(V)
(E) fipO^oa. E = hV
1.
S Bofe
d9f*o'&
(excite)
Sipfibt6o<S. "Srti^^cxoS^ sjfi
tf o
2, "30(^0
(stimulate)
178
2ftf (temporal coherence) g'SA
<& [o$[^d&& drjS^Btf &atf'x) (stimulated
emission)
lamp) er*
fisSsS (Incandescent
_
5*08^*
so.
s'od oe
tf 8
MH V
177
^ex> esh
OU
(meta stable state)
10
sod
(12)
(8b).
178
ii
sSo*tf|?Sj&'coaff B S)
5*08
tb)
OOOO OQ
00*^^
oooooo o
oo\>O(oo
ooooooo
ooooopcf
OOOg^fr
oo*t^a
0000^^
oooooo
OO^CIOOO
ooooooo
16)
0$
ja SJTP JS^g (amplify)
530^5 SeaS"
4otrox,.
SoS
100
179
o
^
42a &r & & 5 o rr oo
<2)
( MICRO - WAVES )
1 S
t s$a*bea titforFcx), (Propagation of micro-waves)
100 ^oa 1000
cJicO
(electromagnetic waves).
g 12 _. www ,, (Lecher wires)
g S acfioSeiv lco
10 U &o3 10 12
s
(radiation)
1000
3 ^
a e^^on*o loSrStfss^b f6sS*X aS)" (Coaxial
^'^So^O/a,!! cable) & B.tfB.4. 000
180
3000
Sg)2$dBfapActf33.
(wave guide) es
(hollow mtal pipe)
^ ^ 5"
rl 5"
^J&D (cross section)
x, dtfort-eo
1.
(Direction of pro-
pagation) 0"*
o ^ 3 Electric Waves)
(Transverse
^^ H-
(b)
. 2-
TE 5 TM
161
(Modes)
TEio-, TEn-, TMn-,
TEio
. 2
Magnetic Waves)
E-
(Transverse
IM-3tfon"e G^
-Sow
^ TEM
(Transverse Electro Magnetic
1,0
TEio
Ox
Wave)
^.... __ s
162
H
, Oy
tfx>rv TEn-, TMn-
3 d'g^D X c ( Cut off Wavelength )
sag
. f,
(f c )
. f, x
U ^0^5*^03055*0
X
X 'V
V
a, & b
TEio
3.
^n
W, E. 368 A ; G. E. 2 c 40 S
dxpcff, W. E. 81 6 A S*5&
e
3800
Travelling Wave
Tube
o (Time varying)
tf tf
micro - wave solid state devices )
: 1MPATT (IMpact, Avalanche,
Transit - Time ) ^jo<f, TRAPATT
( Trapped, Plasma, Avalanche, Trigg-
ered Transit ^ &o3&*5,- ^^\S &o$j*S
(Tunnel diode), ^5^ tf<&5",(Gunn Jiode)
3 SYGallium Arsenide^oiS
( Semi -Conduct or ) i
^R)S p-n aaog^v i
<A rJ
1 X 10 9 -a*5" &o) 50 X 10 9
( RADAR - Radio
Detection And Ranging
crtfS"
"3ex)SS
( microwave pulse
(Channels)
(Antenna)
&cCP>;
'
tftfcrreo
^^)SS (Microwave Spectroscopy)
it
( fine Structure ).
(absorption
/Atomic clocks) eci5cpdo
(Caesium)
(ammonia maser),
^6S)
(Solid State maser)
^ofi. $)?6^
>
S>?5 ^cS)id65" (noiseless
ra \
am
plifier)
( Stellar radiation ) 6*
sp 1420
(Thick fogs)
.
mic-
rowave diathermy machines)
(for drying)
(linear acelerator)
1000
. 5 gtftf rftfea3SSboS*3?S&
186
43.
2.
; 1. a^cft*^ (^Passive)
( J/ ( Active S
1, fiT 8 SiS
-i 1
I.
186
it
Stfon*
sootf^&o (Dielectric)
$&$$ tftfon-o
S'co/^
( Vacuum Tubes
SjSci&
<3 c6 SMOGS,
n-
1st
p-n
p, n
p, n
>
e e
*-
p-n
SS^fi"c n-
g'orv i
53
/ p/ /
eo
e "*"
~*
e
n
n
pn
2.
188
II
p-n j
&rr> (DC) Sptf^
p SPo g n
n-p Sr'tfo &tfg p
- 5
npn
^
miniaturisation
500-800
6-9
(IntegFated circuits - Micro miniaturi
sation]
2? I s *
189
escxocft.
(Integra
u
ted circuits') ^o^So. suS" Scoi|
Sod6S> 8 mm X 3mm Ib ea* SD
20
. s'ojS'
Mortar
p CP n
(Engrave)
(Substrata)
n p n
(8b) es ijS
( 8f )
( Calculators
(3c)
(3d)
(8g)
n p n
190
fib.
%?i%^^%^^
P
n
P
YJ////////A
n
VJ/MW. ',
3 tfg
a.
. "So.
44, tf
^ddSptfon-53-4
), tf^^S
24
60
60
6 5*0
43,200
8S
&tfo. _ ^ B-aww
( Balance Wheel ) wo&ptia. -Se
60 ^P sStf o5-eo3t) A. C.
192
II
3*00
ws5fc5seo5 8 KS
&p)otfcpa
SSofo
n-fioeo
3>r5 /fa
80
a. fS^tfS'So tfadr>tfo (Quartz
Clock)
3<5a|5"
o
108
/ * \
EjFAo I - I
\ 10 7
jja s&eS
. 5
SSiJ
SSocJfio
^otoofi.
tfrS o$Sj*fS
SiSbgS"
SSod6*o?i s^a 50 H
(18)
100 , -. ... 23> 87Q MH ^
23, 870,000,000
C3
194
II
;3Sje3
f<X)
^6
2.
cr co
195
9,192,000,000 SP ^6- Aotoofl
9,192 MH 2 -
196
II
B
fcs$x> 3 b
(3 v;
. M , M co
M
D
9,192
2
D
D
D S
60 H
45. os> e^ &l*\K&* g 9 & S'
(Low Temperature Physics)
r ^
3
tag
S
^Sofl.
19t
4. 2k
SpOdCo
tftf
1848^* 0-6"
[0K]
[10
" 6
TZ3S
1404
-1
,OK
199
K
gfl
IV
X- B
i 2S^
L
e.5'd3
-i O
4.12K &o& 2.19
ES <- CO
,.fi. [3$ ASSQe^oc^ sS
He II
ex. o
He 3 S
1911
8
8
46.
(Electrical conduction in solids)
iatf&oex>
i r 5 Si
"SoAofiS
. 13*0
1900 S$
tftfeoSO
2T
M V fi
m ex>
Ne 2 T
, "T*
(Relaxation Time).
SS'j. $8
1920
&
(Inner shell Elctrons\
(core elec-
8 S$
^ 1 ^ 6*
5 wc^tfsio
ASi r Sa i
o L
262
it
1.
(Intrinsic Semiconductors)
00
6^
(Hole)
Q Q
(Impurity Semiconductors)
0.01 er.
"^ So*
, na
03
^. cp
P-
Conductivity of Semiconductors
SitfCSb
*b* mobility
.'. b =.
V drifc
V drift
b "
nz
n ,
6*
Hall effect
B
H = R H-
R
w
/z
p-
N-
P* Si* S" a> CO :
(Super conductors)
191 1 S5
04
it
. 4.2K
. o5c
g
Q 3
(Effect Of Magnetic Fields)
O
& H / T )
= o.
H .H fl--l
c I T 2 \
H &Sfi oK sStf ^
O
: (Meissner Effect)
B
1985
^S B =s
o [o3sS_5o^5S>.
(Isotope Effects)
i
1.996 a.m.u
Q S3
1
oc e oc M 2
C I>
(Specific Heat and Energy gap)
(Exponential) rv
b T / T
206
E = 2 A
1957
iO 90 o o^
Q EO
47.
c T
xss --
S'o'S)
n*lb,
TRadio-
Detection And Ranging
RADAR).
1930
(Sound Navigation
And Ranging
^ SONAR)
1912
S5|SS?5
207
sSdBb
&pfio&o<2>.
, 5c&<5"&
c
>
->
208
180
C 1 -
09
(azimiuthal)
(Plan position Indicator)
Corves
rSood
(Blip)
2 c).
CPC^S"
(14)
TGround controlled Inter-
ception Radar), 5"s ^)cCoo|8^ oo^S
( ship controlled Interception Radar )
a-a*5'
(Meteorites)
210
i II
CD
83
^5"
(Passive)
). 8
15KH
tfo
n- 5 o
L Osfio> fijSaofc. 2.
8.
211
1,
A-
= 1. 82
BOS) To
3.
fcodatf
O
40
Servo,
*iS8
212
II
(1798)
:;$.'/" *
%*&* *
**$lk:" -. .
. 4.
0,2
(2, 8, 4 t ) asStfSa 5
|j
Sciire9o
ail
WS4 \ >
16
e& ( 0, 1 2
V
e^ofi,
. 0*0-5"
tfo
D-np-6'
SSoc^o^S,
D. 0*0*6"
ii
IV
48.
zr>g?o
<9*
, sotfsS
tfctfr-S, K>dje
o o o
49.
L"f)tfeaSb (Stimulus) ^^>[9d6?6i (Respo-
nse)
J '(Scientific Activity)
(Control)^
^- - - ~ - +-r \\JLJ | \wjy(\jj ^. j - f^ij ^y^J g^- - - ^ ^ *! liv** v v>w S3
(Experi-
ment ^a a^ootf ssa. ^e atf n ^di
(Errors of Observation)
2.
3.
efeofi.
oC
(Chemistry)
Si?
^ijj (Matter^
<D \ /
LSSsSotfsSbo
ant Energy)
-Radi-
x-
\ o
oL
i2SsS,
*-
S (Mass)
(Balance)
^Analytical Balance)
a
(Properties, compositon and structure
of matter)
or S)
^Components)
cra
(Graphite), sS^&> (Diamond)
(Changes That Matter undergoes)
(Carbohydrates) o
(Chemical changes) e5odr>o
8 e.g'a gg' i
D- Reactants)
ortance
Of Chemistry)
ojOT"
19
(Synthetic products), roe3
0*0 (Natural products)&
sSc3o*o)
5*tfes>&o,
(Distillation)
(Coal tar) ^o^S
(Perkin)
distillation) So,
(Cracking)
**& 9
50. SS^
(Physical chemistry)
2.
(Inorganic chemistry)
8.
(Organic chemistry)
104
Aofl. s-tf^S
100,000
1000,000
SScr > D T) e
& j^
ooo.
fi
Q O
(Classification of Matter)
ff
1 1
* (Element)
tfo
tioafrti ia*5sS^ (Compound)
ai (
L.
(Elements)
104
( Periodic Table of Elements
(1800)
(Simple whole number ratio of their
atoms) &*
(Laws of chemical combination) &
SSo
^o 1 (Nucleus)
(Protons) ^^
electric charge)
(Neutrons) e^S
(Positive
1 (Atomic mass unit)
t positive charge)
222
(Atomic number) esodptfb. & &
(Shells)^ 3e sjS", (Electrons)ex) ef>
(Negative Electric Charge)
(Unit negative charge)n
So
(Spin) 31b tftf^o ^zr 8 drofl. -^e
r6s5go (Clock -wise) r? nS $
(Anti clock-wise) r?6 &odx>o<3
tum numbers
rvfc ^ K. L. M. ...... 3
\e oi
e; o c L
^So
(Corresponding to each shell)
[iS^ofi^ <3o5So& S'^)^ ( y^
(Probability or chance^
* (Orbital!
s, p, d, f,
(^Geometrical
^Angular momentum)
' s '
(Spherical)
(Dumb-bell)
. d, f
ai os*
atoms
Electronic configuration of
] [_o5
i.
2n 2
. n
. 2 X 2 2 =8,
(Energy levels)
, n = 1
2.
f f
'p*
223
Degenerate orbitals
T
i
U
tf tfo
v
J
S&o&rv
8.
. 69
(Half-filled) g_
4.
S3.
^ 1)
Is 1
(Coeffi-
cient)
Q^^d'o
perscript)
oSoapg
= 6}
Is 2 2 s 2 2p
2 2
(Compounds)
(chemical bond)
c6sSCPcX&-^
(Molecule)
valence shell
^05
(valence electrons^
. 3
(Diatomic molecules^
224
(Helium), ftd&'S' (Neon),
(Argon), (SsS" (Krypton),
* (Noble gases)
(monatomic moecules), S^sSc
1 (Octet rule)
= 11)
1 s 2 2 s 2 2 p 6 S s 1
8s 1 ^o|>^
(Positive charge)
(Is 2 2s 2 2 p 6 )
sStfsapfiao ?6o^g = 17) <^f
Is 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 5 .
(negatively charged)
Cl,
p 6 )
(Is 2 2s 2 2p 5 3s 2
static force)
00 '(Electro-
^3^aosSfi3<5,
BS" fNaCl) rr
,^ ^ )
(Ionic compounds)
(Ionic bond\
'
asSA^ tf^i^ [goQ S)#on
Na Na + + e~
Cl + e- > Cl-
Na+ Cl > Na+ Cl"
226
e n
is
. r s r
(Spheri-
cal ^OA Aotoofi. 's'
2,
Is
"Soifo
' (overlap) S$o
' (Covalent bond)
a.S'
0^0 n-fe
H* + 'H H : H 3tf H - H
B30&)
(Hydrogen molecule) TT .
f (Single
' (Multiple bonds)
bonds),
, a^^oQ'a) (Double
(Triple bonds)
^50^0
(15)
226
II
:Na: :C1:
:Br :
H : H 3$ H - H
H:N:H H-N-H
I
H H
H : Cl : & H - CJ:
H
? I
H:C:H tf H-C-H
H j,
TT TT H H
H . H 11
H:C:C:H ** H-C-C-H
H H
H H
....
c : : c
H H
H:C:::C:H
H
v
\
H
227
(Coulombic attrac-
tions) io oo$oS)i!fc?rcxo.
CO
2.
8,
4.
6.
8.
(Isomerism)
2.
3.
4.
5.
6. esesi
(Exception)
51.
( Metals & Alloys)
I
) (non-metals) S Scr*^' "Soifo
O A
(Metals)
228
II
lustre)
(Tensile strength),
(metallic
(brightness)
(Ma-
(Ductitity-eo'ft
S) SS
(Alloy)
, sjoa
sQ-tfS5A
S$tfo)
(ore)
(Method of Extraction) sp^ea
<Gor'S'tfe90 Sft
(Haematite, Fe.O
2 3
S (Blast furnace)
Iron), &&fr. (steel),
(Wrought iron)
8.6 &o& 4.3
0.5 &o<3 1.5 *tfo
a* ft
(fine-
ness) VBS"' ( Carat ) <9*
24
A o v ^ e- iwujy\c> cjo* \cjjcoj luiuac packed arrange-
.(Jd yOO 5*0^^ *J J
ment) T fi Ao6rcx.
(Body centred cubic),
(face centred cubic),
(hexagonal close packing)
(Electron donors) n
ci LjSsS^d
eootf rS S'tfa ^cs*^ex> (Bonding
Electrons^
(
\
^fc^^sSn^ ( Delocalised
j' (Conduction
Electrons) o4j6b. (
1 (Met-
allic banding)
90
#o^ (potential
difference)
ration)
(Mobile
Electrons ) s*o&>
(oscillation)
( Emit )
Vib- 2S^*25 tf?So (Reflect)
II
r?)
, oorv^o,
CD CO
530*3
g'Cfi
e |J$SStiaS$o0*
sex>
2. &;$
9.
(Intermetallic)
^o-^eso,
^Sa-sj^a (Brass), S'oxib (Bronze).
70-80 ^^o oA, 80.20
3 Sffi, Q^
tfo f con-fib Stfol tfA,
8 V, G3 / A
* 76-90 v^o o*A, 25-10
60-60 ^^o of*A, 80-
20
, 20
fiaa
(Resistance coils) t3d&
(Duralumin) :-
96
0.5
, 0.6
(Magualiumj: ao&tf* 90
, 10 T
S'o'
fcf (Stainless steel) ;
ied
12.1 B
38*6 S'rf (Resistance to corro-
sion
a>jTfl iS i e
52 -
(Clay) :-
53<S<3*
6Sio 2 .
esjos*
r
Sag, sotfS" (III)
(III)
sjtoS'eo,
J6^[tfrf (Porosity)
70
CaO.
o
)
1000
Ca C0 3 *- CaO f CO 2
t^ <3?$^ (Affinity)
& st<a sp^i^eJo
dbtfcofi. ^fl Jtfg
(Exothermic reaction)
CaO + H0 2 - ?- Ca (OH) 2
tfcft
284
n
Stofc
(Mortar)
S&tf
(Slaked lime)
na
(Plastering)
Ca(OH) 2 + C0 2
(Cement): si<3
, ?
o L
(Calcuim sulphate CaSO 4 , 2H 2 O
(CaCO 3 ),
1 2 3 . 2 SiO 2 , 2 H 3 O),
8:1 afi^jg^ ^Sg- 4^ L ^tf (1400 l)o.)
merut)
a*o e5tf ^g (Treat-
S'DJb
(fire kilns) ^ ^^ (Roast)
(Slurry)
8) BO /T&J*. Q 26
O O 3 C 3
70 Jbtjg 3*tf&& l 2 2^6i ^oo) 8
a9&o-a^ ^)
O O Q oL A
286
"*>&
, 10 &oS 16
1400 "So.
(clinkers)
O CO O
tftfg
(3CaO, SiO 2 )
SiO 2 ) ^
RjDlto (2Cao,
.
5CaO. 8ALO.FT-
STfl
!2CaO, 7 A1 2 3
CaO.
(8CaO. A1 2 3 ,6H 2 0)
. (Hydrolysis)
(hydrated)
4|jSaorp
ii
2 (8CaO.SiO 2 ) +
3CaO.
3CaO.Al 2 3 + 8H 2
Ca (OH) 2 +2A1 (OH) 3
0*^0
(Inteiv.
slices)^
e S)
03 (Impervious^ "^fl
/Concreted :
(Mixers)
Reinforced cement concrete
(Cement Asbestos):
0*0*0}
Glass) :
, CaO. 5SiO 2 .
d&o
<S^
t>fl
2500
o.
C0 3 + Ca
/Annealing')
1.
2.
8.
4.
ass
Na 2 CO 3 , Ca CO,, SiO 2
Na 2 CO 3 . CaCO 3 ,SiO 2 ,
K 2 C0 3 , Ca C0 3> Si0 2 ,
PbO
Na 2 C0 3 ,K 2 C0 3 ,SiO a)
288
II
rT*e3 (Coloured glass. \:
Sogg'tf* nej>
1.
2.
8.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
&$.
53. cD 5o
( Fertilisers )
S>oA;Sn0 % oh
e^ Siro5*eo
*fod&o ^2.^2fo ( K 2)
0.01
1.25
239
(Manures) :
sicS
E>CF*OB. SJGO QcO*o)R> i)C _
8T
[S^ 03-30*
5*00
Ci
240
(a)
Nto aceao So^dfo io
(Acidity)
OH
2 ^ Ca(OH) 2
Ca(OH) 2
(Nitrifying bacteria)
2NH 3 +H 2 S0 4 ^ (NH 4 ) 2 S0 4
"o>o^?5 [5c& (Destructive distillation of
coal)
(Liquor ammonia)
ASsics-^o (By probuct)r? oO^
IT
NH
NH 4 C1 + Ca(OH) 2
+ 2H 2
60
99
24!
c&o
(Precipitate)
(Filtrate)
(b) B^Cd&o
&otoo<3.
ts Boifo
NH 3 + CaC0 3
(Haber's process)
CO (NH 2 ) 2
3
200
200
>- NH 2 COONH 4
$ NH 2 COONH 4 -*H 2 N-CO~NH 2 +H 2
(a)
47
1o
CO
1:8
(16)
242 Ste'SfiaS' II
*
18 &od 20
A ) ' d 2 5 n
fctfs*
(Pf) \ J OfJ <s!fN I -^TJ" - _, v
, 4 ' 2 24^2 $*&>" ^S" (Phosphatic Slag)
Ca E Po ^ , H ' *" ^ ~
\ 2 4;2 2
__ Oi-
(Phos-
phate rock^ J6oS) SCP<^ #cii*& ^cXi)S5t5b-\.
(Dens) S3^|
24 ^o<bex>
53*00:. S5S
c?
63
(Absorption towers)
L c3SS* Kr '"'
co
&
t)
3.
. tfoSTtf,
ex>
243
&;$a3aKS:fcc5*oGo
Potato),
, 5-5)
KC1, MgCl 2 , 6H 2 o.
50 &o) 56
20
. SiJOS
SSoioO
. PdJ"&o&o
(Mother Liquor)^
90-95
48 &o 62 StfSo <&odx>o<3.
2 SO 4 , MgSO 4 ,6H 2 O oS^
Aa
K 2 S0 4 .MgS0 4l 6H 2
MgGl 2 , 6H 2 o
44 v$o S^fcrftcSfco, 13
si(3
(EfBorescent)
R> OTP
244
1 1
'2.
8.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10,
11.
F. C. L
D. C. M.
GSFC
5)5".
AtfcSo
500
68,600
1,78,920
1,00,000
1CO-120
300
SIS
"ifis
18.
14.
IB.
18.
I. C. I
F.C.I
Son 6"
54.
(Coal & Petroleum)
o
Compounds) SOS
0001 (Solvents),
(Medicines)
rials)
(Organic
bfi
(Dyes),
it3-oe (Raw mates-
246
(Cellulose)
8
" (Peat), CjT^ff (Lignite),
2>_tfa #*rtb, (Bituminous or soft
(Anthra-
Coal),
cite or Hard coal) $
itf^ci fiT
8-^5
(Carbonization)
80-82
) t 8-6
(Polymeric molecutes)
(Destructive distillation)
(Volatile products)
*" (Coke)
(Impure carbon)
rra
/Non -condensed)
(Coal gas)
(High temperature Carbonization),
600^600 C sStf e^QS^ ^^g. tftf^fo
(Low temperature Carbonization)
. SootfdS
pounds)
ffins)
(Hydroaromatic compounds')
(Aromatic com.
^D* "itfftsSb (Para-
,5-6 (Dehydrogenation)
l
_ L
semi-coke)
(Soft
o
(SmokeJess fuel) rs* 2S6jf
(Compo-
(Coal gas) :
sition) "ftjjtf^sSbo 836*0)
SCPCT* ^6"
247
Son-
(Straw oil)
&o& tfStf "oSjjS^^cfioo 5?tfx> (High boil-
ing petrolem fraction b.p. 280-350C ;
TT&& fibes (Scrubbing). >S
?s ^P
(Extraction)
(Low density)
(Light oil) ft?^ ^g
So^S",
B
(Saturation)
SSo
(Light oil)
,
(Coal tar) :
1. 6%
(Light oil).fia I titib
. 2,
200 C
Q3o^6T(Middle oil)-
(Carbolic oil)
200-250C o
17
(^Heavy oil) - <&3) "Dead oil*' eft
"Creosote oil' f w S^c
Q6 2fcO-300Co ^ig 7%
6>o6. 4. SojjSfcS" saottS" (Anthracene
oil) - <&^^) L/\S (Green oil)
ej6 9%
i5" (Pitch)
6 (Neutral)
ii. 0*Cb ^^PCO (far acids)-
(Tar bases) -
6" 650^5", *"
<S^ "^tfSo SftS^jflfo 90%
( benzol - &3<3* 90 vio
80-100C o sSD^g 3ooS&Aoa.^ 90 v*$o
- (Toluol) (100-120C) I
248
It
a^ LO-&8(Solvent naphtha 1 30- 1 60C),
fr (Heavy -naptha, 160-210C)
(Impurities)
10%
d&o
(xylenes)
(Initial crystallization
stage)
(Tar bases)
(Extraction) tJS>,
Benzoftirans ),
(Indenes),
M (Coumar or
Coumarone resin).
(Cresols)
(Quinolines)
(Large tanks)
(Liquid impurities)
S (Phenanthrene),
(Pyridine)
(Carbazole)
(Sublimation) Stj
85-90
II
249
I
-^
1
2
3
4
20
1
2
3
4
5
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
0.1)
0.1
0.2
1.0
10.9
2.5
3.4
1.4
1.6
4.0
1-1
1-1
2-0
2-5
0.2)
1.
2,
8.
4r.
(Indene)
(Diphenyle)
(Pyrene)
^Chrysene)
(a -Pico line)
(T-picoIine)
(Quinoline)
o-
p-
o-Cresol^
(m-Cresol)
(p-Cresol)
(Xylenols)
_
(Diphenylene Oxide)
(Iso-Quinoline)
-Quinaldine)
(Indole)
-^<5~ (o-Naphthal)
(^Carbazole)
260
II
(Petroleum) :
(Oleum)
(Synthetic routes)
, $9*0^1
(Natural gas)
fo 6otDo5.
5PCXio4)X)
. S)fid*
90 99
CO 63 CD
(Extraction
methods)^ SfoS
(Fractional- distillation)
Siospgon* ^
.
, n-
iv. a fctf^S S^T)^:(Natural gas
CD
261
2
i.
2.
6.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
(Ligroin)
(Petrol)
(Lubricating
oil)
escxaff
(Vaseline)
(Paraffin
wax)
<20
20 -60
60- 100
70 -200
200- 275
>275
M.P
40- 60c
M.P
6. - 66c
c,-c 4
(Cyclics)
15
(Aromatics)
C 15 -
C f
So So
2
2
32
18
20
(Fuels).
(Solvents).
tfeco,
(Cooking gas) n
2B2
it
(Knocking)
04)
(Branched chains)
p 2:4: i-
^Octane number -
100
, S5"
^6" (Lead tetra ethyl) sSo
oe*e>&(Antiknock additives),
tfg&c&g
ing) ScSSbgiio
cracking) &* &
(Lower alkenes)&
a^o (Crack-
(CJil
(Higher alkenes)
(Thermal cracking) $
/Catalytic cracking) o
1.
2-
(Alkylation) . S>
S^rfo (Fischer
Tropsch synthetic process) 0*^0*
^ (Cobalt)
55.
" sw (Polymers)
o*gs5?So<o&
(Monomers),
(Polymers)
^o&. -^B
( Polymerisation )
288
(Fibres), tfa^fcos, (Rubbers), a
(Plastics) &
a^g# (Viscosity), ,
(Osmatic pressure), s^cd
(Light scattering), x- ^es> 3S5_
(x-ray diffraction)
3,
(Hydrogen bonds)
(Vander Wai's forces), 3 %* ~ B
(Dipole-dipole attractions)
. fcS &g tf J (Elasticity)
(Moulding)
(Thermoplastics)
SbeofThermosettiDg plastics)
(Plasti-
(Vulcani-
sation process)
polymers),
etic polymers)
(Natural
r>&S"oD (Synth-
1 : 9
(1,4 bands)
pectin)
a-D
(Amylo-
. i^to
(Coiled
264
II
straight chains of a-D glucose units) (Acetate-Rayon) $3 g^^SisSix) (Artificial
silk) 0*0*0
SPSS
^5057^5,000-2,00,00:)
(bran-
ched-chain)
1:6
10,00,000-60,00,000
3,00,000-10,00,000
/3-D rtr
^
1:4
tftftf
1 53-ob
L
(Explosive^ n* SMS^c
(Gun Cotton) *9odj&,
(^Pyroxylin) <i9^
ft^b^o (Celluloid
plastics
(Cellulose xanthate)
(Regenerated Cellulose)
*1)5 (Cellophane)
tito (Wcol and Silk)
(Natural Rubber)
(Hevea)
eb&eo
5 (C.D. Harries)
Sar^o ^poon
[5)5" (Polyisoprene)
5" e
266
H a C
o"f (Shellac)
S S$as5
Depsidcs)
(Unsaturated monomer)
(Addition)
(Addition polymers) esop&.
H 2 0, CH 3 OH, HC1, NH 3
sation polymers^
(Copolymers)
rgi^a
- CH 2 - CH 2
20,000
286 ;a&JMf II
\^ a
(<*. Methyl methacrylate)
*)*3 >" "3e9S*o> (Acrylic resins) SDtfoea^ ^ J 30 ^
^ V > ^O ^-fi ^*OoJDO , ^Ao
(Colourless), ^tftf^S" (transparent)
(Polyesters) :
fl
'<^dinary glass sheets ) & < ^ ^
(Lucite or
Phlexi glass) ^ ^CoS* so-efc^fi^Cfi. ^^5- ^oskS" K> Scr^
HOOC ^ V-COOH + n HO - CH 2 - CH 2 - OH
HOOC-^ y CO - O I- CH ~ CH 2 - *CO
n-4
CI Js o
n CH 2 =C-C-O-CH 3 -
COOCH 3
257
n - HOOC - (CH 2 ) 4 - COOH + nH^N - (CH 2 ) g - NH 2
-oio (8 s^^oo S'ofi) l^s^aiS&S 1 S^SbS 1 (6 S'tf^eo
HOOC_(CH 2 ) 4 -C0 [NH-(CH 2 ) 6 -NH_CO_(CH 2 ) 4 -NH -
CP. 1.
56.
(Dyes and Pigments')
(Electroma-
gnetic spectrum) * 4000 A ^o&
8000 A oStfScp tftforf 3 o* o ^ (Wave
length) S'^ s^od S5J-n-
' f (^Visible-region)
, 4000^4250 Ao
6500Ao
^Ultroviolet
(Absocb
\ /
groups)
*oto*ooo.
^^ (Functional
(ultraviolet light) cSoS'^ 3fj3
ido^ s^o (S^S'^p * J
(Saturated
tf so 4000Ao Carbon Compounds)^ 2%
(Covalent feoads) f
268
II
6o<3.
4000A o
rftforf
S^ tf ?o w (Wavelength of maximnm
absorption) wotpS). A^ "^ mfae " *&
. 2600-10000 A o
(Mobility) tf
)** (Chromophores- \
Chromo = tfofb. phoro =
1 f
^o^oeo
X
jSSadHo
Stfo
A
|_SS3oc& So^ S'SS 4c36^ea'^S'
^%^^^o
X a*
(?A) ,
C = C
i>$&5 (Ethylene)
1930 '
CHC
efoeS&S' (Acetylene)
1780
C=N
wSjfcp^S (Acetoxime)
.. 1900
c=o
<a&S*5 (Acetone)
2706
C H O
esSftrS^.S" (Acetaldehyde)
2984 .
C 00 H
e&3 s'&Sio (Acetic acid)
2040
CO N H 2
wSjdj^S (Acetamide)
2080
N = N
3 ^^*Sb^^ (Diazomethane)
4100
N = O
3_ia*&* KS'g'feS' (Nitroso butane)
3000.&660
NO 2
^[_<S* io^S" (Nitro methane)
2710 '
O N O
M J. ^ 2 S 1 ^ (Octylnitrite) , , ,
2.00,aTQO
O N O 2
& J" J "fi^" (Ethylnitrate) .
,>oo.-^,
l^otfc^ 8
<-
3 tf '
3 tf g
269
(Greenish yellow) <9* && fi*tf a&ofi.
[Sotfo s*o$ **^oSSa>a<3
aeo
4000
4250
4600
4900
6100
5800
5600
5900
6400
7800
(Indigo Blue)
&00
fooo S"OS)
(Bluish Green)
(Yellowish Green)
(Purple)
= eo
(Isolated)
s-a eifl
"Bathocfc^mic .shift*
(Witt) ^irar^ 1867
(Electron-donating)
NH 2 ,
(Halogens), OH, OCJjJ 3 ,
^*S' f e (Aukochromesff
260
II
(Diphenyl Polyenes): C 6 H 5 - (CH = CH)n - C 6 H 5
n o)ODo3
*
- - ^ ^ ass
i
S$tf tfr^&o
3190
S060
2940
2
n i
8520
'8840
8 160
3
3tf &&
3770
3580
8430
4
^S^OoSl^'N Qdu> sD^cbc^
4040
3840
3630
5
cOrOOe^)
65"3o&
4240
4080
8870
6
^&SS^ ^cl"
4450
4200
4000
7
"o> 6^0^) (Bronze)
4650
4350
4130
11
aecr-Sex^
5300
4930
4620
15
?5SbcS^rv^r6ooo5) .
700
5320
2. Cbidp &3ff &&&&:-
I- a C3
(Tetraphenyi Cumulenes)
n ojcrooj
,
* ma * ( A )
i
*&$
4200
2
<B3cI\-aea>53)
4890
3
ao-
5570
3.
OH
Cellitou Fast Pin K.
NH - CH 3
HO
O NHCH 8 , *
Celliton Fast Blue B.
NH 2 O OH
OH
COO
Fluorescein
Br +
Br
(Yellowish red)
Eosin A (X 5160, 4S35 A)
(Mobifrty)
(High
ighest unsatura-
tion) ^0
(Raw materials) 3o^&
S0 3 H
JOO
Alizarin SaphirpoleB
3
(Intermediates)
(Naphthionic
acid), Soi
(Sulpbanilic acid),
(Anthranilic acid)
1869 ^
root) e
(Madder-
(ladigo fere) es
; (Indigo)
282
it
1869
cSodawW ,
ASS
(Classification of dyes)
.
^Triphenyl methane dyesj
NMe,
2.
=\ +
C =( >=NMe z ct
Crystal voilet (&*a > \
( X ,<* 5910,6405A)
OH
^
Aurin
5346.S 4195A)
(Phthaleins)
(Cyanine dyes)
5520*0
o
i)
phy) 6*
^unstable)
pAotfcSb. e^
(Colourj photogra.
- N
Cyanine blpe (fcecA
(\ max 6922, 5537 A) ,
CH=< N-
Ethyl red (bluish red)
J (Anthraquinone dyes)
Na
O a S-/ > V-N=N
B.
Orange II
(Indigo derivatives)
CH 3 9
(Direct dyingj
7*
/^Phthalo cyanine Dyes^
, ^eft^daj* i
(Paints\ 59jcr\ S)o (print.
ing Ink) oSp,
dyes)
(Structural formulae)
Ailine yellow
5*55"
<&
(Copper phthalocyanine)
N=N
SO S H
Benzo azurin G. (violet blue)
OCH 3
OCH 8
S0 3 H
264
It
f" "^Carbazole dyes)
/ 2 G (Indanthrene kaki 2 G,)
\ $pS i'o^b cSA^tfSo. SJ& SCPCP ?yer
9.
(Heterocycles Containing fused
anthra quinone system)
(Flavanthuone) - si^
(ultramarine blue)
[&S 1 Bff R K (Indian
threne Red RK)
10; otftf
I .^ (Sulphur dyes)
A CPU Immediate pure blue
^Aplication of dyes to Fabrics) tforibcS^
So (Nature), C3*^i sS^o (Type) Jj
tfSo
ric)
f ?5 (Amphote-
Formation)
(Salt-
edoeSo
(Neutral cellulose)
(Adsorption)
(Substa^tive clyes)
Benzo
azurin
(Cellulose Acetate)
(Synthesized) CPCPO io
si<3
Sfo
(Hydroxy)
(Dispersed)*
(Batting) 3^ s&^oflofi" ^Mordanting)
3^ BD<b S^S^ tfort>& *^J_ Sd
(Formation of dye on the fibre)
phite)
"^L^^&O^ ( Sodiu P hyposul-
(Leuco compound)
diSb tfo^b Stfyfo&ofl,
asptf
K 3
(Binding Agent)
(Mordent) eodj
oil) 5^ w&xtiaS* ^S
BD&&
(Complex)
S^ofi.
SCPCP
(Brown)
(Linseed
^Lime)
csG
OL
266
eio^ (Amine)
(Diazotisation) 3fc
(Printing on fabrics)
^
('Diazotised amine) S*
V '
ego
St.
(JExplosives\
s, chf
0*0x1
^ Sgfig (system)^
(very high pressure)
(Gaseous products)
(Thermodynamically) fctfa
tfod* 'WgS" 1 ' (Booster W3 sSc^tf
(Detonator)
(shock)
(Low volumejdJ*
(Combustion)
(Density)
(Low detonation rate) ^S
a' sS:o&^o<^ (Charge)
(Diameter) pSoS" 80
g'ea
(Large
particle size) >A dSboo"&
^_ on * (Irregular)
?T
&c>
(Structural Features Necessary for
an Explosive)
(suddenly)
(Design)
60
^o (Heat of formation) esctpCb. i
Sib. s^tfeso
(3*
(Electronega-
C-N, C^N, CHN" EDoo-o6*
81*
Scrtfo^
). S'tfeao,
"3 esl^S" efe Sj^l^fi" (Carbon
dioxide or Carbon monoxide),
cuS"
66" (Nitrate
_ * C3 V
ester), ^_ L ^2DS^ (Nitramino)s5o(S >&c&
. t&o SSo
?3cti)o?5o ^oxygen balance)
a*S" Sr^" (Mole) a*
'a*?
(Resonance)
II
:- fBlack Powder)
\ /
3 L "&S", 1 2
5 8
rv
2,
(Propellent)
(Nitro glycerine)
(Glycerl binitrate ester)
oj^efes(Mild friction) "
^?6^<6" (Dynamite)
f^ifo. ^.[dy 8
(Kiesel ghurj &
(Violent Explosive nature)
269
C H 3
CO
Sid
(Cellulose)
(Esterifecation)
t) "K5" s*fc>5" (Gun Cotton)
A ?S8^, 8%
(Shatter)
(Propellent)
(Cardite)T 30% ^L^S ?38< ^' 65%
, 5% ^fcfceJ A-otpaa, s;S
ra (Smokeless _ Powder)
8. "oioij* d\&&& g_i"S(S"
(Penta erythritol nitrate-PETN)
Cord
Prima
(Detonating fuse)o
(T.N.T.) -^5^
1920
^o (Melting Point)
(Nitration)
6.
(Other aromatic nitro compounds)
d3.dSoS.<S ir S, 85" 52i^o (Picric
L_ CO >
acid - 2:4:6:- Trinitrophenol),
8>^ff (Tetryl - N, 2, 4, 6-tetrantro
Phenyl - N - methyl nitramine)
i
L
6. 5|"3ff (cyclonite)
(Hexamine)^
N 3 - 3 ^- 1, 3, 5- 5^
ar^S (N 3 - Nitro - 1:8:5-
triazocyclo hexane) i)tf^efc
7.
(Guanidine Group of Explosives)
(Senstivie) (S
(Detonation rate)
(Tetracene)
58.
9
(FOODS)
^oi* tftfg ^o.?652)ifc, fcfib
(Amide bond)
"03 S" ^Peptide)
10,000*'
(Insulin)
osin),
(Haemoglobin)
(Heridity)
CO CO
mary structure) ffc'O&
- S ooo- 3*
d&-a
tf&o**,
structure)
(Secondary
(Tertiary)
Aotoofi.
-go
alography) ET-CP Seo^
24 a
Chrom -
&; (Natural amino acids)
271
(Essential amino
acids) wo3{6
8
X-
(Denaturation)
xp.
(Tissue)
o, *>*>,
CH 2 OH R COOH
CHOH+ R'-C+OOH
CH 2 OH R"-C + OOH
CH - O - C
O
C H. - O - C - R"
II
O
O
272
(Oils and fats)
CO 63
fication reaction)
(Esteri-
(Triglycerides)
(Lipids)
(Simple
fats) *&,
(Mixed fats)
CH 2 - O - CO ~ C n H 3J
CH - O - CO - C 17 H 3J
CH 2 - O - CO . C 1? H 35
CH 2 - O - CO , C 17 H J3
I
CH - O _ CO - C. H
CH 2 - O - CO - C 17 H 35
(Fats) wfc f
(oil)
itf i
^oeg'o*g)
( Free acids )
(Unsaturatation)
2)s5 (Acid value),
( Saponification value ),
_ J6o)g ( Reichert-Meisel
number ), 25*3^^. ?6opg ( Polenski
number), ^tS^aS" Sovj (Iodine cumber)
Sc SS
9500
(Combustion)
4400
(Kidney),
(Nitrogenous base)
278
(Catbohydrates)
^eso
C H O
7i zm
C (H O^
tl \ 2 /in
4fi8
, SboA
3 "&S (Diastase),
*
(Amylase) SS
SB
(Glycogen)
, ^53^ So
(Vitamins)
(water soluble),
(fat-soluble) &S
. A, D, E f K
Tfo. B -
, C -
(Ascorbic acid) &
B - StfsSxxiJ 8
B , B , B , B ,
|S a
(18)
274
A.
B
B
12
D,
D-
(Alfalfa)
59. S" si
(DRUGS)
, tfctf
53-$.
^
7
co
2T6
13_tfS (Virus)
( Protozoa ),
(Bacteria),
(Parasites)
(Anti-malarials),
(Sulpha drugs) f 5ofi
(Anti-biotics) sSxspg^
(Anophiles)
dio
( Plasmodium vivax )
(Life cycle) a*
(Quinine)
(Alkaloid) So
H 3 CQ
anti-malarials)
CH=CH,
(Synthetic
276
II
I Et
HN-CH-(CH 2 ) a _ N^
,OCH Et
MH CH-(CH 2 ) N
.Et
Cl
NH
'
NH
NH
CH 3
11
II
i
C
t r ^ m.f T
CM
/ >
'CH,
SIB
s-Sootf,
iflsae* 5*3^.
(G. Domagk)
27T
;
_ ^*
(Plrontosil)
if
H 2 N
SO, NH
i
(Sulphanilamide)
oSo"^Os*ex)
NH
H 2 N
SO, NH
NBwis
SOs
o
Vs0 2 NH-^
CL
,N
<.
H 2 N
SO 2 NH 2
so a
NH,
(Meniagitis), 3&
(Blood-Poisoning)
278
II
(Scarlet fever), &pS^3_fl5 (Tonsilitis),
&eo. (Sinus Infections)
(Bacterio-static);
(not bactericidal).
(Wonder drug) n*
^- CH-(OH) CH CH 2 OH
(Trachoma)
fib.
V
60. JStfS-ctfoS
"3o&>
o
tfo,
,
CX CO
9^ wtfo.
(Vitalism).teo'&
/Vital force\
LSS^dSr>o
280
ii
axS
con*
RNA
DNA
RNA
DNA,
DNA 1600^88^0
DNA
. DNA
^o'^EsSSx. (The Watson-
Crick double helical structure of DNAV
>2 DNA
'gene)
siS)
So*
ojol"
61.
f orgnanism)
S. /
281
. "S. flsSo'&y^ 0^^(30 S,
oL CD
. "3.
(unicellular)
(Living forms) -.^ ^
(Reproduction Cycles) cr^o*, tf& _3 *^ ^^
o*^^h ^Go<^ff*oAj*ooo. &'\ ^eaoCJf6c]of Ri- 3e6oo <9r8oj*e^Jf rSpeculative)^c5o
cid Rules \ sSj*o* 2bd'&Or$:c), f6o0f\3^.9 oS^oii
)
s-S*
282
It
(Cell mass) 3s_tfc3* 60-70
n
lecules), ^tfiy chafes dS"As*o> (Sim-
ple moBomeric compounds'. &&&>&&
e}(M ociomlecular components)
i Nucleicacids).
u
sides' ecr? (building blocks) n-
tf (activity)
(Cell envelops) n*
^Cell membranes)
n-
(C), ^^S" (T),
(RNA) ^ A, G, U, C
A,G
T. C.
ai6 ea3fi3" ^5" (genetic code)
S
A
(metabolism)
&osj*oox
Structural
elements) 7?
fll
ffco
(Contractile Proteins)
(High Chemical Specificity)
(Essential Compounds)n
(Oxidation)
mical bonds)
000-0 (Che-
work) I,
thesis)
3*0^3 [mechanical
(Biosyn-
i
(Conjugated Proteins) <s3 ^^
(Chelate)
rf (Conj-t
ugate)
16,'OtiO)
fCo-enzymes)
(Catalysis)
(Cdfactor) 5*
(Reaction Rate)
Sd^tfto-SS
ACT
& (Enzyme) ^fiS' . (Protein)
o&&<f (AbscorWc acid)
(reaction) o
(neutral
intracellular envkonment), obsSjfib 30
(p
rocesses
r (metabolism) $*$
234
tt
(Genctie Information] ^a
DNA 6* SSaOfitfo (Encode)
DNA
(M. W. o>
1C 9
(bases) 64
DNA 5 1
a,5
I
o-*-P~o~
o
CH Z
O
o-ep-o"
I
o^
(cell macht-
^i l
RNA
RNA c3
(cell')
RNA
DNA
SB
286
(cytoplasm) ff 1 [j3fif3fSo*a
G 5 C
A-T, G-C, esofeo
B
(chemical interaction)
(genetic material).
a.S'
(essential force) rr &ocl& fij3.
tftfg A^So OOP& CPO
& (guiding force)
RNA
p
Aotoofi. so&a* A G, U, C
RNA SipSa'g5"
53* d3
(A, G, C, T) 8 1
A-U
MEW SYNTHESIS
286
II
DNA
(sequence)
code of life);
(attactive forces] e$<3,
^^ (Propagation of li
Sd (mode)
287
(replicate)
rt
a L
cfibfc [^Sr>oasSa.fi5joi&& OS^orp
(r*casg^
gGo (Cell walls)
S"
(Starch)
(Linear chain)
(branched)
(glyeogen)
(constituent)
tf&sptf sj
series of
turn)
n-
sio^J^o (fuel)
(algae)
8).
(Lipids)
v
(Compounds)^
(fatty acids). A^So-S' (Glycerol)
. ^e T^
(Acidic function)^OA
&aa^c (Spatial -orientations)
(migration pattern) & ^d&o[8o
288
permebiality)
titvity)
(Semi-
(Selec~
063
(Sphingomyelins)
f Ruminants)
srs^
(cellular metabo
lism j^ 4
^
12
It
(organism)
(Higher organisms)
70
e.g' 53-^0.
^3*0
ues
(organs)
289
6rS>&o*rfert>&oa.
(organism) oSboS'j.
( Cells)
(cvCn>o5oCi;S")
DNA
VACUOLF
GOL61 BODIES
MITOCHONDRIA
NUCLFOLUS
NUCLEUS
(FNDOPLASMtC RETICULUM
WITH ATTACHED
KIBOSOMES
LYSOSOMES
CELL MEMBRANE
CELL WALL
. S'eso
(19)
290
II
4.
Stf^ci
(E. R] i
6.
(Concentrate^ ^6Si^)
.
C9 CO
^06. ^
(Combustion)^r 8
A,
(ATP)
rv
shock),
(Electric
ATP
ATP
A-
Qto55o(fi
ATP a ArfN
CO %J
\
. safio
ATP
S es^ao,
Bo^fo
CP Co ifc o <3.
(Breakdown)
.(Coupled Reaction)^
(Cellular
ATP
DNA (cellular DNA)S*
Ao&aotfS
a)fil) RNA" (Trans-
fer RNA)
RNA
20
RNA
i
tfo-;
RNA 8*
(Bases)?So'35rG: (Code)
ox.
291
(bases) liSoQl) RNA
, mRNA
, t RNA
^?S SSyifc dfrofiS
A __ T, G C co
g_^ (enzyme)
(Genes)
. DNA
bases)
DNA
(function) rS
, DNA
e&ofl, ^caiJ^ DNA
(mutation)
tffS
DNA
(cells)
). wdg
292
ii
0*30* sfc&rftf
(E, Coli)
cp<?
e ol
DNA ^ ^j
3otf5So8)S
83 Co
(cells) tf&
(Metabolic Mechanism)
87>|acJipSSo(S
(complexity)
fe&&oe!>,
iaa
er^cr
,
DNA
63
293
Sfc, 33 8& )c&o[ee3o *3&^ d&ojeporpfi^ scxao ejj&g^o (Genes)
ScJi)^
(Genetic Engineering)**
"3*
62.
(Photo Synthesis)
9
8357?
87C 3
oL O
294
n
(Alcohol etc)
(Yeast)
0(3.
(cell)
(Fruits, fresh Salad?, Jams, Vegetables
etc.) oOf&ft
(Carbohydrates)
(Oxidation)
n-fo
(Dehy dration Method).
(Freeze drying)
(canning]
(Stenlazation) .
296
S&otoofi.
icides)
&G So*
(Radiation)
^fumigation)
(Fruit juices and Beverages 1
(cloudy) r?
. 2.
S
(Enzyme)
(wine)
^Fermentation)
(winej
g) (Malt)
1)6"
^^ooo ^Enzymes)
(cell)
, sjoui)
37C
296
II
(Renin)
(cheese)
(Pepsin),
(pancreatin)
(Trypsin)
(Papaya and Latese\
CJ L
(Detergents) o
feCo S^^oox)?
(clarification) *&,
g (Asplergillus ory z ae\
[Glucose Oxidase]
[Pack]
S5o
CO
3 (Algae),
o (Like
petroleum waste products) ^ cfcS^&n 1
(Dry yeast)
(Vitamin B group)
297
Suboxydans)
slbtf tD^S) (Euzyme)
(Scheme) gi
ceto bacter
(Riboflavin or -Vitamin - B 2 )
-a^ (Vitamin
ptomyscs),
(Eremothecium ash.
(Stre-
(Corync
Q
Reduction
D -
tf&cX&$
Acetobactor Suboxydans
5) &
(Microcaccus glutamicM5^
(Enterobactor aerogenes)
&;$&
micus
298
II
1.
(Solvents)
2.
3
4.
n
(Antibiotics]
1929
' 1 & S'
J2
O CO/
chrysogenum)
-
(Streptomyccs griseus)
(Virus) o
(Vaccines)
gS" oMSnpjca B c5 p " (biochemical Immu-
nology) "
co
' ^o^ 8 e^K^^dScp^g, s
G3 CO
(report)
(cancef)&, cf^
(athrescelerosis)
asE^c (inborn errors)
A C3* SP eJ ea
(insulin)
iS
299
(pesticides)
800 a*cS&ite II
(compost)
A. A. fl (D.D.T)
T 8 esc6b|
(mutations)
(chemical mutations)
(x-rays) rvfc,
(u-v)
^9
s5gS5^cSb
fi3 ea iSScStf'&o ^' *
(iron)
(seedless fruits)
ioJJ^
AS
801
]bfi^ (herbicides) <
(Naphthoxy acetic acid), 2, 4
2,4 -D
3 S cooS'^S'^S"^ (insecticides)
o (resistant strains)
(cattle
feeds)
^aog'Si
Sofl,
$8*855^8
63
802 Serais' II
ar
(^80^ ''
(optics) )e*?a^, n!0 s$j (viscosity)
^S' ** fi " 6
9
&Qtfti&
(phase contrast)
Q-ffj -^ -~ ' V^/-V '
dJ^oS 4 [iSrf^gff 8 &o$jfo S?39?S S)"S^oSo "tf'xbdSi Stffis'*
$oS5s*s&,
(bioluminisence)
19
S
gg
(ultrasonics)
(characterstic impedance),
(absorption coefficient)
o co
a
808
425
T3sS, 600 3*00
804 SteptfAW II
3?56oCi?Sii.
X-
do
(genetic
machinery) 5
i. 1920 s5
~ - - -
57*000
*&g r^s5x" ^Radiation gene-
tics) 3(3 V ?N5<^^2< "- SX>AA SPfitf'S cS^CPO ft) SC^PESO E^08X>eX>
X ~
Siofl
805
(isotopes)
OSrfSb
Sr-5
(20)
VI
i^KSS &S$on"
^- CO
). ^8 oD'
[Sofl
t esoefe
64. i S
2.
4 a fo a. SOT
3.
(Franceso Redi) <&
4.
eo
17
836ft
(Spermato^a^)
1860 ;S SSon |J^o#:i,c$ eu'Ciar 1
;>. S3*5"s5<" (F, Pourchet) o
"" tS^KN^ri x^.j
17 S
- * : 19
ar "
S^otStf id^a^dSboacSa. ^ eSS^Sta /
17 l
(William Havery) ^^Stfe^ M S^)S $o*g^3n a^. a$5ac&5 (S. Arihenius)
308
H
(Panspermia)
(Huxley),
(John Tyndall)
(Interstellar -medi-
um)
s$xres'x>o
*-**
-**
eli J$\X &o&*
oJ B |<Saiix>
oJ*)cfiDobO
87
12
16
3
5Q\^
0.03
21
0.1
<3 I (ST^fiJc^
0.008
3
0.0001
S^w5
0.06
69
49
ac&*" (neon)
0.02
&MC&O
0.0001
0.01
O.T
aA^d&S)
0.0008
0.04.
8
^opg^a<oS
0.0002
0.001
2
S>s^
0.008
0.1
H
rSo^S"
0.002
00.2
0.7
S^tfS
0.00008
0.03
0.07
&*tpS)c6o
0.000007
0.1
0.1
^0*5" (argon)
0.0004
5*C^O
0.0001
0.1
2
^5
0.0007
01006
16,
S09
(Jupiter),^ (Saturn),
(Uranus), S^^ (Neptune
(Meath-ane),
&Doa
(Neon),
a.S'
SjSSS (Inter-solar system) oSooii
3 wl^ff (C0 2 ) 3
. a.
(J. B. S. Haldane) v& \&b&
i.e. L^Qc&S (A. I. Oparian)
(Micro-organisms) tf SoS'S^sSaodtfS^
1968S
(H. C, Urey)
\ ^ J
(S. Miller)^
35.
810
it
*s&s5oo&
(C. Sagan)
(Aldehydes)
(Formaldehyde)-
g" ^3&^o /Nucleic acid')
aS 3*^5" &/^5 (Carbon sugar V rti
(Glucose), [i|*f (Fructose)
(Sugar)
"^35 (Hydrogen cynide)
a. ^ei* (J
g_S (Nucleotide base ade
(C, Ponnam peruma) cfib
(L. Orgel) ^o 5^6
S (Nucleotide
(Porphyrin)
, 1980
(Carbohydrates) ?STg "
acid) -
(Nuclic
(sugar
fAmino acidV
\ /
(3i3^(S" (Nucleotide) e
(Protein), v5*S:*\1k
(Carbohydrate) 3$ *to\iS&&% (Nucle-
ic acid)
(Dehydration)
rftfg aCb^S^efo fcfi s
*a^ agfetftfEw (Dehy
drating agent) o& 53^^3 ea
(Aqueous solution) tfodb ^
(Dehydration) cSp^O^&orv*
dabs, ^i"^ (s. FOX) a aaa*
(Amino acid) eeao$og'tfGaa,
(Protein)
gl
811
(Poly amino acids) SCPIP
(Geophyical generality)
(Liquid
3^5 (hydrogen cyanide),
(Anhydrons)
Ammonia), o
(Amino acid)
SeSE^SD. w!bo e*^5 SS^Sixj (Ultra
Violet irradiation) o3 Sr-'grjfi' (Phos-
phate) 3$ tfc&^5 (Cyanide) c6sSDJC^L?5
r^5 S5 (Nucleotide base) &
(Sugar)
sing agents), ]b;6K><5", (Cynamide)
S>o3fl
acids)
(Condensing Agents) GO
&^) (Amino
(Sugars)
(Nucleotides)
(J. D. Bernal),
brf
. a.
(clay)
(Molecular intermidiates)?rtf
t3j6" (Phosphate)
(Biological Concentration machanisms)
'^ffex) (Phosphates) 3
SoSS
EPS).
(J.B.S
N
Haldane) A^^Q ntf^ J^as
KSaao ^*SigS5aD (Hot dilute soup)
(Coa-
cervates") eofl
(Collodial aggregates)o
SO&foflSb.
(Nucleic acid)
>6^ (A. KornbergV ^)S.
(S. Ochoa), ^5. fejflff&S, (S. Spiegel-
man) ^o^^o 53^6
^S* ^"Sy^ff (Nucleoside Phosphate)
, cy^i ^bcfl S* &*3 dap'SS'e? (Poly
, ^8
CO
n*
co
Nucteitide),
FURTHER READING
/
1. Calvin, Melvin. Chemical Evolu-
tion; Oxford University Presi,
New York. 1969.
2. Fox S. W. Ed. The Origins of Pre-
biological systems, Academic Press
Inc., New York. 1956.
3. Kenyon, D. H. and G. Stetimnan.
Bio^Chemical Predestination; Me
Grew Hill, Inc-, New York 1969.
Sb.
65. "Soo
Soo
1894 sSosStf^Js&S 1 tplfr-ff (Haeckel)
:*- 1, SX>^CP (Monera)
2. L^S^ (Protista)
8. l)o[5?t3o (Fungi)
4. aag^co (Plants)
818
o<fr 8 3 sScoD. -^s a^aod*
a*e2g
ra^
d
3.
1. ISMciS* (Monera^ :
CO 8
2. J^S^ (Pcotista)
5*
II
s*oS rSjcfiooS^sfca Scptf&a (Photo
autotropism) &!$
Aofl. 3a> o
4. 'S^5'2 r ^Plants) : ^5^0^ ^^^g^ ^Sgitftfea (Str-
aa^oo. uctural Specialization),
S'es S'SStJo^^bocr' A 0^*000.
GSb
0*23^0
o & fl,
3o<3
otfdao SSo
Q
o*exi ( Lines of Evolution)
Tb
O
a
r
va
o
V2
816
n
__'o<
"o
63
.. 4 .__.. __ .._ S6.
Sotftfo,
CO
SS
g' ^SO^
i)tfjtfr& 8 znf c :'Srp& >
- "3
317
[aaJp>4e>&ofl
system],
^Vascular
0*0
sl
CO O
"SQA
(Megaphyllons),
Sorters'
$06*
(Seed Plants^
tter-oo (Naked Seeds)
tiixr*
fce^eo,
81 ft Ser^fiS^ II
V 1 \J M
8T
3>ofcoo<3.
cSoSS^speo /Closed);
I ^VjrlCLLl I wfNJJ faiw ^ ^
(Open);
^sr
a-a** _ .. , ^
0^0*000 .
f 8^5 tfcSfr^^fffe, 3oO
Si.
co a
FURTHER READING
1. Ramdss V.S.(1973). Understanding
Plant Diversity. Journal AP. Aka-
demi of Sciences; VOL IX; Part III.
2. H.Bold (1972); The Plant kingdom,
3rd Ed; Prentice Hall of India,
(Over - lapping) n- 3. T. Delevoryas (1966); Plant Diver-
So6?$ S^g'^o sification ; Holt Rine hart; Winston
and Winston; Winston,
66. as
DIVERSITY IN ANIMALS
(Ant Li
o),
S^fib^co, 3^5 1
16 QO^O "isoA oo) LT* cO t
&^OGO. ifl*
(Stimulus) So ?5
(Paired Fins) n-fc,
esio<53 o2p^^a*a SToi^co (Ectodermal Sca-
les) rrfo, idjE
is* *otf ,;3<?tf. asstf S'GA bdD^.aa s'oa g~&soOT
320 a^cSaa^ n
"* ("feel - Canidae)
. fib^cflf*
d
s atf|
(Dane) ^asb^^r, ^^^5" (Airedale)
&&&gfr. t \ft Sj^oS" ^QSbS'^. (Grey
Hound), e^zr/r (Bull Dog)
(Pekingese)
io-flf*
eu"! 1*0^0)
(Geological time-scale) &oF*g
450
321
20
(Placoderm)
15
History)
^(Fossil
a,"!
f 2.6 .
^s 3
sjof
1.
2.
3.
4.
(Evolution^
"High School Biology Biological
Science Curriculum Study; Green
version; Rand McNally and Com-
pany, Chicago. 1968.
"Molecules to Man" - Biological
Science Curriculum Study; Blue
version. Houghton Mifflin Com-
pany - Boston. 1963.
"Patterns in the Living World"
Biological Science Curriculum Study;
John Murray - Albemarle Street,
London. 1971.
"Animal Diversity** - by E. D.
Hanson. Prentice Hall, Englewood,
London. 1961.
Sb.
(21)
6T. "3 3 &> 00
Q i /
tozoa) e&,
(Pro-
jflotf
(Molecular Level
00
Sboo Sfra
S'CA
99
eo
eS$a&ex>
t,^
DNA w
o
^8 DNA
(Self -duplication)
DNA
DNA 3* Scr><3?5
oo>.
628
A. T. P.
(Cellular Level)
Saflpg^rS ^S5 ^cs'^sio (Pro-
toplasm, "The Physical Basis of Life")
830*6^)0
so"5)i"^ 1
& O oJ
s^ftdfo.
CD 00*
(Centrioles)
oi_
c6o)g&0(S
esS)
a* "I
(Mitosis),
(Meiosis)
(Organ Level)
So^wSSoooS*
(Homologos)
SodT'cxa. ft
(Vertcbrata)
824
II
'Biceps)
(Triceps)
(Inverte-
brata)
(Endo^
crine
(Thyroid gland)
(Thyroxin
Harmone)
0*0
gD*aa<5" fo aj'n
(Extract)
"3. S.
FURTHER READING
1. Me ELROY, W.D., CXP. SWAN-
SON, N. D. BUFFALLOE, A. W. GAL-
STON AND R, I. MACEY^FOUNDA-
TIONS OF BIOLOOY, PRENTICE-
HALL, INC ENGLEWOOD CLIFFS.
N, J. 1968.
2. MOODY P. A. INTRO DUCTION
TO E VOLUTION i A HARPER IN-
TERNATIONAL STUDENT REPRINT.
JOINTLY PUBLISHED BY HARPER
& ROW, NEWYORK. AND JOHN
WEATHER HILL, INC, TOKYO 1964.
68.
ea&A
(^Mutation) 2
(Natural Selection j 8
(Genetic drift)<9&
g*6
A.
1.
2.
B.
3.
4.
5.
1909 S
. Morgan)
Oft O
20
326
1.
2. floa tfoi*o
4. S*J)rto Aoa
6. oJrCDt^) jStf) Aoes
E9
6. SioOoiiigb
T. 3i^S| AOM
ftoa
492
106
11
24
22
12
. 2.
5^(3
8.
3
. 4.
5. DNA
DNA
6.
(Polyploids")
, 0^006* SSr-ficrjSSorS
^^ ea&g
$6
327
&>?5o -^8^3*^0
co a
CO C3 L_
ofi 6% ^SSxr^co ^^
CO O 7 O
, ssaso-o &tf>i _
1928 tfonS* 6>^S" tig (^Sukatchew)
^oS^yccSao<S
(Taraxacum officianale)
Sootfo,
828
11
, ^a?6a*oSb tfotootfo
n-6
(Sea-
t| \17 * l \ s
wan wngnt^ e3f3*55*e>5o coo8oo<5ou)c6 s?S)?
-^e Bofiofl
f _ft n- SS^fc&frydfe, 3 Stfg
Further Reading
1. Savage J. M. (1969) Evolu'ion,
Reinhart and Winston Holt, Inc.
New York.
2. Dodson E. O. (i960). Evolution,
Process and Product; Reinhart
publishing Corporation. New
York.
3. Sastry R. L. N. (1972). Evolution
(Telugu); Andhra Pradesh Telugu
Akademi; Hyderabad,
-5
63o
^Magnoliaecae'j,
i^ofi^A (Ranun-
culaceae^ ; 2?^"^J"^J^ (Menispermaceae),
EffjdcfS* (Berburidaceae),
(Nympheaceae'j
son)
SSfig'
fipR
(Ranales)
^TakhationysSofl
o, ^9 SbtoDo
('Magnoliales)
(Magnoliaeeae)
& (Drimys) ^So
(Illiaceam)
(Schizandra),
/Species)
(Linnaehes)
(Bateson)
re rife,
r Speciation)
(Mayer, 1960) ^
(Gold-
Schmith)
2bdS
(Atriplex)
2)
co
(Demc)
AS> o-a
(genetic exchange)
S S
(open systems),
systems') e^^)
&ofcoo<a.
00 (closed
(alloptric populations)
& OS)
(sympatrire populations)
ran-
^SS): (A)
dom variation); (BJ
^- random variation A 3
3o?5 52D^g (ecological variation)
(races), " Syco (chines)
Sag'
83^-53*0^
3
(Races) ofc,
, (2)
(4 ,
(8)
. s-3
fi'tfco
(internal
barriers) S
od3j*rt
70.
FURTHER READING
1. Eaton, T, H (1970). Evolution;
Thomas Nelson's & Sons; London,
2. Sastry, R. L. N. (1972). Evolution,
(Glacial age)* <3B_?S gssp^eo, e*<6 Andhra Pradesh Telugu Akademi;
Hyderabad.
3. Solbrig, O. T. (1970); Principles
and Methods of Plant Bio-syste-
matics: Mcmillan & co, London.
CO
tals).
C&DO&
r JS
(^Somatic cells) oSb
a
, e3 oft^
. * Sss
A ss w a
888
(Cuttings N ;l eeoj)e (Bulbs)
oA
A fee
^sy
(Sex Organs)
&B3^^^ (Ovary),
(ovary),
&eo (Anthers)
a, 3
e3 L 1e9(Germ
(Soma line 3oeiacxo. -^a
co (Discontinaos)
^65*00
*jSf (Meiosis)
ferf fee
mother cells]
(Microspore
(Ova) o&,
e*^_d ^cab?&
t)ej^Sxi, eutf A
'cy
(differentiation)
884
BrSfc BJrSSoo
IT
(Replication)
c&otf
^od^cxo. ej&g
DNA (Deoxy ribo nucleic acid)
DNA
DNA
. DNA
\
886
RNA (Ribo Nucleic acid)
II
(Specialisation)
brata)
(cleavage)^
(Blastula)
5)czarS^
(Gastrula) w
^6"^ (Ectoderm), &>&*<i6^ (Mesoderm),
(Endoderm),
j38> 5
(Life cycle)
(Embryo plant) ^
f* &r& /Germination}
(Vere-
')
&SS fctf
(Sporophyte)
(Gameto phyte)
DNA
CPU "B. a.
FURTHER READING
1. KOPPELMAN, R. THE NEW
BIOLOGY ; Addison ^ Wesley
Publishing Company, Inc.Reading,
Massachusttes. 1 96 1 .
3. SIMPSON, G,G. AND W.S. BECK;
LIFE: AN INTRODUCTION TO
BIOLOGY. HARCOURT, BRACE
& WORLD, Inc. New YORK, 1985.
71.
(Chromosomes and Life)
lio^g'o
S&o4s)o&.
Sbeo
o*o.
(Stain)
(Chromatin) e^
(genes)
(fibres)
Bitosis )
(22)
(Anaphasej fir 8
tion)
3
(arms)
(Centromere)
(primary constric-
(matrix)
(pelliole)
*33
(Idiogram)
(Meiosis) S)#e3?5
I (Prop-
(Metaphase) hase l
883
ii
(Zygote)
fca
(diploid)
tfon*
Sodb&ofl
(fertilisation)
Sofl
*?>?>&*&
1.
2.
4, J^oCDo
6.
(*)
7.
4
23
2
8
10
12
316
8
46
4
16
20
24
680
889
1MI
6 7
8 9 10
13 14 15
sa
H
19 10
11 12
X Y
1.
L & (Idiogram)
r 1 Aofl 22
>&, X. Y
240 Ss'Sa&S' II
8
SOOwEJw oiOtfOrOSb &) 7QOG &ScS05 E5"*62O^rgO 22
_t
28
29
643 " ^ ' s--^ 1 *) Li^aj^iao' 5 '* 44
'X X' sJ
. $Co
44
. 'X Y'
1/1000 i
* t$ 22
(Turner*s Syndrome)
54
i 46
23 " "'"'" ^ " K * ~^"-
3
J i 5"ao5'8)o^5*a (Klinfelter's syn-
drome)
44,
X X Y
47 AO&POSD.
44,
23
41
B
(Polytene or giant chromosomes)
I^^^CP ao^r^SS" (Drosophila,
melanogastenw^ ^e^^j^ ^6^5" g'E^ofir 8 3
1024
croco
4"5>o (Diptera)
(Lampbrush Chromosomes)
"2? <&/*#" o3<?4J^>rC&j (Titurus Virides
cens) <9c3 KS^"fib^sS (Vertebrate) a
(Heredity) *
-i oS*o(8S'S (Mechanism)
idS>o>
(Genetic factors) ad6ojjfc& tJ^g3j
842
tl
(genes) t>
QXP
3otf&cor 01 S'Sbi^cco.
0*00.
s
(Mutation)
IB &ofi 80,00}
DNA
DNA
DNA
5<5" (Poly nucleotide)
DNA
(Chemical constituents) a,
DNA
. 1950
8*8
bolic disorders')
dfoc^ DNA
^ BIBLIOGRAPHY
i. DNA " "
RNA (Messenger 1) Brown W V and E Bertke
RNA1 iSM&o Ro-iB-S, w&fce* Text book of Cytology;
^^L A <,<,<. .^<^ ^^ C. V^. Moshly &co, 1969
2) Cohu N. S. - Elements of Cyto-
logy, Harcourt, Brace and World.
1969.
3) Loewy A, G. and Sickewitz - Cell
s^fiS eo#o ti c&o otfd3j* ajci^ Structure and Foundation; Holt,
(Meta- Rinehart and Winston 1968.
72.
(Mehanics of Inheritance)
(Develop-
mental Biology),
[Nuclear Cytology)
o, 20
(Gregor Johann Mendel)
1900 SS (6oS^S5* a [SSowS (De
Vries), "L?^ (Correns),
(Genetics) &Z i^^Sae 4 a*^ S^^i-o^ (Pisum, Satiyum)
11
ra,
1 . ftose
2.
3.
4.
6.
7.
I^0fl30
eu*
, SOd&o Sb^S (W. Bateson)
esfi". 2> SS^ff (R. P. Purnett) 60
(Interaction of Genes ^ sSo
1903
. Sutton),
a.
1911 3S
(T. H. Morgan)
a (Purity of Gametes)
(Linkage)
a, 3
r> >
(Crossing- over) e
tr^s^^g^ (Frequency)
(A. H. Sturtivant) \$
Sioo (Autosoires) - (g_
(Drosophila)
(Homogametic)
846
(X X)
(Heterogametic)
(X Y)
~do&>
(Sex - linked genes)
3)0 ar
^
(Wilson),
(Montgomery), 'sb^ofi continuous
(Meclung), ^<b<5, fc3& (Stevens),
S^ (Dis-
i;<5?5 Aoea
( Continuous variability ) ^>
65^ ^10^^ bff (Nilsson
Ehle - 1908), ^| (East - 1916)
(Quantitative traits) ft9
^ea^ex) c*o> es^n* 10^.
100, ea^^o ^fio^)^ 8 S$)o6r xa.
846
(Polygenes)
Beadle , Z
Tatum) I960
(George W.
(Edward L.
e-f&g i
e&g
(Oswald T Avery - 1941),
tJ6^?6 w^L^jff 5. &^ (Alfred D.
Hershey) , &PQ> ^S (Martha Chase)
(1952) <B&57>tfoD ^^b^fin- f^X^^o^ 4
Sas^tfSw ^^, DNA (Deoxynbc nucleic
acid)
/
RNA (Ribo nucleic aci
(Erwin Chargaff) 1960
H. F-
Wilkins) 1953 S Sosfctyfod* 3ft^ X^
6^0 aatf^Rs- (Xray diffraction) ia
^i^o&, tffltftf Sa^SoSa eso-tf^rr
S^S ^S)^ a. 53-iyjS flames D. Wat-
son), ^S^S ?s*5. &. L 5 ^ (Francis
it
H. C. Crick)
^c
DNA
196S
. 1 DNA
(Deoxyribose sugar) esEso^exi a.S'
a,^ S*t)^6" (Phosphate) o 3
&*/"oo)
(Nitrogen bases) f6
(Adenine) |_^S (^Thymine)
(Guanine) = ^<ff*S)^ (^Cytosine)
(A = T,G =C)
DNA
rig5o"3rfsSoa (Genetic code)
wo&Kfc. ex)^^sSxScS DNA o>
LNA
o3
(Self Replication)
. e
(Mem-
brance) rr, ^o^exi (Spindles) tf, ^.fl*
(Ribosomes)^,
(Biological replicaticn),
?^ aa^g jjS^^D (gene-
replication) &0er>Q*tf^. fiaft
47
spies', [Si", 1958
DNA ijS8^8 &<fofff
conservative manner 1 ) n*
DNA ^
AS5*Q2) 5 8,8^-^ 55*
(Template)n- S& <3, cS
(Complementary chains)
35" (Arthur-korenberg, 1966)
^Isolated]
(Polymerase] DNA
DNA
fife, eu
, DNA ef>eso&
DNA
(A, T t G, C,)
(Nucleotides)
CQCO *-
&
(Triplet)
64
o o
^cr*^-Codons) esc&flo.
(Marshall W. Nirenber^),
(HarGobind Khorana)
DNA
a
So
(RNA)o
o>o
1. e^oS)^ (Alanine)
2. 6^)^ (Arginine)
3. ^rS^tffig^ (Asparagine)
4. w5^65" fts&^xi (Aspartic acidj
6, S)fe<^ (Cysteine)
6.
(Glutamic acid)
GCU, GCC, GCG, GCA
CGU, CGC, CGG, CGA, AGG,AGA
AAU AAG
GAU 9 GAG
UGU> UGC
GAG, GAA
sis
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
18.
14.
15.
16
17.
18.
19.
20. 31)5 (Valine)
(Glutamine)
(Glycine)
(Histidine)
>5 > (Isoleucine)
(Leucine)
(Lysine)
(Methionine)
^o^cS" (Phenyl alanine)
(Proline)
[Serine)
(Threonine)
(Tryptophan)
(Tyrosice)
CAG, CAA
GGU, GGC T GGG, GGA
CAU, CAC
AUU, AUC, AUA
CUU,CUC f CUG, CUA, UUG, UUA,
AAG, AAA
AUG
UUU,-UUC
CCU, CCC, CCG, CCA
UCU, UCC, UCG, UCA, AGU, AGC
ACU, ACC ACG, ACA
UGG
UAU, UAC
GUU, GUC, GUG, GUA
UAA, UAG, UGA
(Nonsense codons .
\ /
(Transcription^
f
S_S 3 DNA
RNh
t> PROTEIN
(Translation)
RNA (tRNA)
(RNA)DNA
tRNA fo
Synthetase)
tRNASb a,5T
Amino acyl tRNA
(Anticodon)
349
M GGA"
mRNA So-
M CCU ff n-
tRNA
:, RNA
(Elongation process) So
UAA, UAG,
UGA
^Termination process), UGA
o3 ^Initiation process)
DNA rfSfif*
DNA
( Cistron
S|6" (S. Benzer), 1955 S5
(Recon)
f> (Mutant phenotype)&
(Recombination)
a.S'ese*
SJCP
ej?6:g
ixjo (Genetic ele-
(Formyl Methionine) ments)
(Extrachromo
somal inheritance) *
(Plasma geoe)
fPlasman'i
(Cytoplasm)
rv
(Centrioles)
(Basal granules), ~&
(Plastids)-
360
II
DNA
DNA,
cjss>& (Protein synthesis)^
So|^.s3 S^sio?6i(Raie of Protein
synthesis) o*cr', 05 A esA
and off) d&-o|jte'&D S5^
^s fSc1sie8SaJ&, "Induction", ^
(F. Jacob)
Monod) e&
(Operon concept)
^Polytene chromosomes")
iSe (Puffs), o*S^ log
(Lampbrush chromosomes)
(Loops) es
3*0
(Gene expression)
RNA
(Genotype -
FURTHER READING
Barish. N. The Gene Concept. Rein-
Hold Publishing Corporation: Niw
York. 1965.
Srb A. M, R. O. Owea and Robert
S. Edgar; (Selected & Introduced)
Facts of Genetics] Readings From
Scientific American; W, H. Free
man and Company, San Francisco
1970,
Stahl. F. W. The Mechanics of Inheri
tance; Prentice-Hall, Englewood
Cliffs. N. J. 1984
Watson. J. D;, Molecular Biology of
the Gene; W. A. Benjamin Inc,
New York. 1965.
0*11 "3. 2.
73.
e;
(Division of Labour in Living Cells)
S'OA
S'DA cJ&ofi
plasm)
^Nucleus), S'ss [^^^00 (Cyto-
plasmic reticulum), rj)
apparatus] &&
(Endo-
(Golgi
(Chloroplasts) ,^
chondrians),
(Living unit)
M (Procaryotic)
o (Fungi) So,
(Eucaryotic)
862
0*0
100A Si)c
(Semi permeable membrane
r Amoeba")
cytosis)3
t3-
S > fPeno-
\
^ (Phagocytosis)
goS) (E.R.)
tfo)
"Cisternae
e)
. E. R.
250A
(RNA)
E.R.
(Sebaceous glands or Steroid hormones)
E R,
rv
E R.
Cytoskeleton
(Golgi apparatus)
830^0
(Vesicles) n*
^sSsScptf&Bso (Secretory materials)
E.R,
cles)
n-fc
fc^ (Vesi-
pfl
food*
, rvl)
o (Components)
(Chlorplasts\ ^
863
(Photosynthesis)
(Lamellae)
arp "i
(Grana)
(strama)
NADPdfo
CO
JS S'eaSSa,
0.2 &oA ^sSj-ii 6.0
(Matrix)
Sref oo
(Cristae)
364
-">;& 3 f",
A.T.P., O 2 o?$
rfd&^ff, fcfio,
(ATP),
eS$r3o*o&E353
ATP
(Lysosomes)
(Nucleic acids) &,
(Poly saccha^
rides v ,&,
J
(acid phosphatase)
J^o: (Vacuoles'^es[CfsSgSSi^
3',
fCentrioles]
(Flagellae^,
|_0s*o (Celia)
(Cytoplasm)
(Karyo lymph),
(Nucleolus),
(Chromatin)
(fluid)
856
rs-fc.
, S5octeo"e>
(Phospholipids)
(Polyploidy)
DNA,
. DNA
, DNA
RNA
S'OAAoA.
fi (Reproduction),
(Metabolism), o-^Sd&t) (Repair),
(Irritability), ^o^&> (Motion)
(Growth),
see
. *&*&& t
^
II.
12.
FURTHER READING
BOURNE, G. H. : DIVISION OF
LABOUR IN CELLS. ACADEMIC
PRESS; NEWYORK, 1970.
KENNEDY, D. (INTRODUCTIONS)
THF LIVING CELL', READINGS FROM
SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN; W. BL
FREEMAN AND COMPANY; SAN
FRANCISCO. 1965.
MERCER, E. H. CELLS AND
CELL STRUCTURE. HUTCBINSON
EDUCATIONAL, 1961.
MORRISON, J. H. FUNCTIONAL
ORGANELLS; REINHOLD PUBLISH-
ING CORPORATION; NEW YORK,
1966.
SWANSON, C. P. THE CELL,
PRENTICE - HALL INC. ENGLE-
WOOD CLIFFS N. J. 1964.
. 2,
74.
n-
867
sStf 0*000.
ATP
65 S^
NADH 2t
NADPH
ADP, ip QC&, ATP
I ATP
fi
8 a,
S ,
j,
n-
n-
n-
$68 d^iSA&r it
L ip^S ^exSg) S 1,8
J *__ Q o * * l_ fti '
*5 1, 8- 3_S*"fc
fc 1,3- "3
ADP weso^S* ^o^> 8^
ATPJ)
8-
ADPa
., t e, wea ^ M ^^
*}\}f w \cO \ oJQ oJl ^9UO CJ
O
ADP
ATP Atf^3ofibtoi&% Sod 1.8.
r. 1.8.
_ tf
NADH
2 o
5>
NADHco,
NADP H 2 ,
FADH
2
wesoS^co
SSfi
ATP
> An*
NADH 2f
FADH
?6[gcxi> 0*0 o
NADH 2 ,
NADPH, FADH e f
2 2
NADPH 2f FADH 2 ),
a,
ADP a
ATPa
II
frdrr
a *fs
40 ^EsoS^o ATP0
ADPcCoo,
5 t
FURTHER READING
Topics in the Study of Life. Tie
Bio Source Book. 1971. Harper &
Row, Publishers, Inc.
Davies D.D. Giovanelli, J. and
T. Ap Rees. Plant Biochemistry;
1964. F. A. Davies Company;
Philadelphia.
. a.
T5.
S)S<SpAotii r *o4pcxo.
* -8*8jg
co,
. 8)3
wi^Sftf
rao
0*} E
ATP
ATP
if
9
ATP
*T 5 a ^d&Ib^ sSififf 1 8367^
O
& atfo2j*otJa
zr- ^Sn- tf^c&asf f8rp-
. ^'cs'o^ es
ATP
ATP
if
ATP
f 8
f , ADP a
ATP
, ATP
40
ATP
. ATP
. ATP
GTP
Acd^tf. ATP,GTP, UTP
ATP
ATP
B62
ii
ATP
Ad R _ ((p)) w ((p))
(ADP)
* J 6 03
ADP,
ATP
f AMPrr>
c&tfo,
), ADP&oA
K cal
AMP
PH 7.0
APT
S^" 3-^0$), ATP
^
ATP
(AF L = -2.2 Kcal/
8^ Stfg
7 Kcal /
ATP ecs>3>
ADPn- 3-1
5, ADP
. 3*3*
ATP^
cBjAg*e> ^CPJ
li
FURTHER READING
1. BURKE J. D. 1970 : Cell Biology;
Scientific Book Agency; Calcutta.
2. LEVITT. J. 1969; Introduction to
Plant Physiology : C. V. mosby
Company, Japan*
3. DAVIES D. D., GLOVANELLl J M
AP REES. T. 1984, Plant Bio-
chemistry. Blackwell Scientific
publications.
T6,
1. fefib,
enzymes),
2.
S&tf
95
<Dog_^oex (Protein
(Nucleic acids),
ea (Hydrolysis)
(Condensation)
H 2
&
8. ^tf 2S^o*
tftfjeo
4.
6. 3oatf .e>5* fcfib, tfspwi j^^ (Trans-
port system) n- SS^3^o6.
306
, Sjtftf
6.
^xylem) 6*
(phloem)
/mobile gametes)
(spores), 2>cFeo (frutisY S_^^7co (seeds)
7. foa
(Heat of vapourisation)
). fcflSAo
SStfofto
(Radiant energy)
o-a
8.
iv^ froce)
(tensile strength) oo
9,
(filaments) sSS
foJO (Cuticle)
(Ranimcuhis
agualis). sS^
^.o A
(cavities)
fcfl^)
n
(Hygrophytes)
(Mass
(Ferns)
(Liverworts),
foes
(Mesophytes)
(Xerophytes) :
(
available
watery
(Succulent or
fleshy),
AoA
(Aloe), "ft
(Opuntia),
(Svaeda)
(Optentia), oS^^&efc (Casuarina)
S'OA
(palisade tissue)
(Physio-
logical Xerophytes)
(Salicornia SP), ^e^
(Arthoquemum), Dfc^dfior (Aviccnia),
(Brugera),
(Transpiration)
Toef
867
CO * O
98
_ _ _ _ ~ cSrT*jn*QjOo_ _
o
foas
- PMA r
- ABA
30-40%
s'Soocr
fofli
^. (Soil - plant),
(Soil^atmosphere),
(Plant-atmosphere),
(Soil - Plant - Atmosphere
Continuum)
- fefi
SPAC
f Soil - plant - Atmosphere continuum)
FURTHER READING
1. Knight, R.O (1966) -The Plant in
relation to WaterjDover Pubicatkm,
New York.
2. Slaytor, R O, (1967) - Plant - Water
relationships; Academic press, New
York.
3. Sutcliffe, J. (1968) - Plants and
Water; St. Martins press. New York,
i.
77.
s'ocr'Sii,
, 2. es&ex
SCPCT
(Long dist-
ance transport) &
(Tran-
sport of Minerals)
(1676), fc
(1727),
(42K)
(32 P)
(passively)
(Habit)
(24)
^Limiting)
Sbs-
Sbo-,
8
$70 Sartf&iS' II
G9 <D
(Sieve tube
elements^
/
(slime - bodies or P
protein)
^eso
(Transverse end walls) -
6353*^05*
(32?) .._
x *^ * -*~ (sieve plate)
-5
a,"
(callose)
/companion cells) Arodjco>,
-o " ^
(14CO 2 )
( 3H 2 ) ^^ ^So-^fc,
Sifra
oo (Radio
Autogram) S$
asfio^i
o o o
^Estf ?6&>, roei idCStf
1 ^o^ 25
(tracers) & bZafr tf {ofl*&sS;v , SSQ-S^S io-^
o
872
AoO S
SCPCP
200
U'o^ ^)&>
100
(3H 2 O)
, 14C
S.
82Po
O*o^
Sotftfo
i _ directional
movemect).
878
1960) ^
(Biddulph and Cory
a, "3
(Technique)
3 tfSeo
SSc3*C3*eX)
eon*
STDO.
(Functional connect-
ing system)
, 0*0^^3*^0
. (i6^o 1.)
8T4
Passive
physical process)^* ajfibfc&ofi,
876
OS
(60(5.
<c3t><^(R Tbiane)
(Strands) ^
(Protcn filaments)
^Fennem) "fcjS^S" TSpanner)
(H 4 ) S_
(HCO 3 )oSb tpofo^og' ^ef^^
^differentially permeable) n* A oaf 60
FURTHER READING
1. Ray P. M. (1972) The Living
plant. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc.
New York.
2. Richardson, M. (1963.) Traas-
location in Plant St. Martins press; New
York.
3. Zimmermann M. H. ( 1969 ).
Translocation of Nutrients in Physio-
logy or Growth and Development. M.B.
Wlkins (Ed). Me Graw Hill, New York-
rs-
(Growth of Plants)
67?
CTO*
*
*>$&
aor? " " " "*
3 flr*e?^. &a e ti
*_ c ?
1367?
iSG Sxwj
on*
iee> I
L L
40
Fuither Reading
1- LEVITT, J. (1969). Introduction
to Plant Physiology, C. V. Mosby
Company, Japan.
2. BLACK. M & EDELMAN, J.
(1970). Plant Growth, Heincmann
Educational Books.
8, SALISBURY, F- B. and Ross
(1969). Plant Physiology. Wadsworth
Publishing Co. California.
. a.
79.
con*
^a. 3o
on 1
3.
Sbtf
Aotoofi. Soo^o
3d&0|j&oi3
79
d& 0^65*0 riP,
IAA
IAA
IAA
a
JAA
I Q& t5*A*3feO S^ouOrOcO IAA
o u . - - - .L
Ao dtipcS^o^ S5udo^ ^)^b)_gSn* IAA
fiaf) 5>s is fSo5)S' II
W J V ,
IAA
a-^o'B wS^on- IAA
, od&eo
S3
881
a-
38) wo&SV JS
bfl ASS
^ fco^sS SSo
40
1 fib. sjS Sa*cr> S^OCPO
Sstf on-
S'sa
882
oorr
coir
"5)67?
on*o
h eso as*
oL fc ~~
S83
FURTHER READING
of plant Growth dnd DeteZapment ;
Me Graw-Hill Publishing Company
Ltd. New York.
2. Leopold, A. C. (1984)- Plant
Growth and Development ; Me Graw
Hill Publishing Company, New York.
3 Black, M. & Edelman J, (1970)
Plant Growth. Hineman Educational
Books -London.
80.
19200*
2, &!S
eo
*>\
-^ - oL
3.
.
5.
A
886
asFo SijXs'oS 4
fi oS'oiS
A
P FR
wdoes
P R
(P R )
(25)
^& &
J "Sx>oaO 5*OGF*&
886 Seats' II
o3 ic
wS^ si* 3^ [jj|9dieori B
(A)
A
O
B
^O Zi~ ~ oJLUW ^U3U w OBoJUUOU)OWtO B
A, B,
C c&'
. sjfl
CO
tJ " to
Aotoofi.
387
'"SjaSbS (3 AO ,
sSxapgorv,
430 ~~* _o
~~ ~~ ' ~" T> 30
* n FURTHER READING
1. LEOPOLD, A. C. (1964). PUmf
Growth- and Development. Mc-Graw
Hill Publishing Company. New York.
2. WILKINS, M, B. (1969)-PK^5ioZog^
o/-PUnt-grou;th and Development.
Mc^Graw Hill pub. com. New York,
8. -tollman, W 4 . S. (1962XThe Physio-
logy of Flowering. Holt Rinehart &
" <***. 3^3445 ^aorfto>rf Winston. New
(EXCRETION)
era
Do S
fcfio
tf&5 (Excretion)
(Elimination)
. sicr-
assess
aoofif* SSoO'di^ tffi esooS*
swa>i>8
o
(Osmosis) 0*30* [35otf&. sa ^^ tf:S\&. S'&g' ga fcdb
0^0*
foas
es
Fl & t a<5tf?S ^?6or*aS'r6^ fea fSotfiorfsSa (Water
worms \ 6* &
Balance)
0*0
a. eaorto^r 1 ^^Actioo (Nephre-
dium) -^e sS^ cSrSjofi. S[S)fld3bot tf tfo ^g t3o*\)
~~* * tj
di) ^Excre-
tory units) 3o
Si>)c$ Sc3*D T> Ofi) oTifcrva af66^r5 siCcS sScpO'eo SJpcr 1
Q m Q
:$n*
jS
acid).
(Ureia),
mmonia),
(Uric
Ammoniotelic
(Ureotelic)
2p
(Uricotelic)
dcrai"
(Recapitulate)^
Sjfi
nfo,(s5JS>ofiT')
dD^o (Deamination)
SOI
(Static)
rr^^S' (Guanine^n 9 S)^56^coD.
OD^" (AllontoinV 5ejotpcx)o"
(Allontoic acid) Sp^eS" e5S5D^ fHippuric
acid), JrtS^ ^Pterinesj,
^Creatinine)
1. "Physiological Approach to lower
Animals" ~ by J. A Ramsay. Cam-
bridge university press. London,
1968.
2. "An Introduction to Comparative
Biochemistry" -by E. Baldwin.
Cambridge university press. 1964.
8. * 'Animal Physiology" -by Knut
Schmidt Nielsen. Prentice Hall of
India Private Limited. New Delhi.
1978.
4. "High School Biology'* - Biological
Science Curriculum Study. Green
Version- Rand Me Nally and Com-
pany. Chicago. 1963.
5. "Molecules to Man" - Biological
Science Curriculum Study. Blue
Version. Houghton Mifflin Com
pany. Boston. 1963.
82.
(Nervoui Coordination)
/Irrita-
bility)
e.S'&sfc rfjfi
tftfgeo
&
cpM
( Nervous CoordiBation
&
*a S'e^co
Cell Bodies)
(Nerve
( Electrical Impulses ) fior*SSofif*
(Segment j
Taxis
a^fifc
SjcS8>tf [SisS^ (Insti-
nctive behaviour)
&&& s*tfeaSis. cvF&fSoftfiT* 9^^ &tfo*a?&o& ASifi^S
[Worms^fiT 8
it
;o) (Effectors^
. Siae*
(Learning)
&oiso<3.
^Association Neurons)cr$o*..
ivJ-4
, ojd3a*oap
0*0
, IPO fijt^d s-
Excitation) [_S^
(Reflex
^
(^Flow of
^cS eofl, s*Son
s-tf,
^Posture)
f Cerebellum)
\ /
(Optic lobes)
(Neocortex)
896
57^0*
o<5oS^ c6Sr-a B o 11 ^
ofifc
(Columns) Ao^tp^ 3
(Chimpanze)
(Thinking)
(Migration)
Sotf ci.
sSoiS*.
ation\
GO (Imprinting)
(Habitutioning)
( Condi
a (Trial and Error)
S
h "Physiological Approach to Lower
Animals" - by J. A. RAMSAY;
Cambridge University - 1988.
2. "Animal Physiology" by KNUT ^
SCHMID - NIELSEN; Prentice
Hall of India Private Limited; New
Delhi. 1973.
3. 4C Animal Behaviour- Its Evolution.
ary and Neurological Basis- by.V G,
DETHIER and L, STELLAR; Pren-
tice Hall of India Private Limted,
New Delhi. 1963.
4. "The Electrical Activity of the
Nervous System" by M,A.B. Brazi-
er* Macmillan company. New York.
1960.
6. "The Brain" byD. PATERSON;
British Broadcasting Corporation.
London. 1969,
6. "Learning and Instinct in Animals"
By W. H. THORPE. Harvard Univer-
sity Press. 1956.
Sb.
83. CS & S 00
(MOTlLlTY)
(iii)
SSQrfeSo&Sifry
(Cytoplasmic streaming)
X^E^o^*^
baa ^^aoasefi
"3s*^ l ^SoSiCJ' ?6o
o. 2.
a^TPOb3 _
O
. Qfi
M^TO *3U'_
9
Aodooofi.
) d
tfKtf Soootf&aSjtfsScpaS Bao-o-x. $^ To^^ Ao^ofi. (vi)
(Culture)
(Amoeba)
^\<i6DOo$o ^*c6Je?So ajfib^Aofl. 5> do sio fGel) (O
J ^0 d> v /
fii^ ^9^^ *)& & $$&> &> -SoSf ^cs*odi r6o. ^*o ( SoF) o
V k ,/ o \ / O
O
(Cilia) &&* woAriJS^ ^E9intf
V * w ^
(Flagella)
898 OsSfi!>tf II
CO
ba L^J 9
o
(Impulse)
. bflfl
'liiest^' (Myogenic)
^d^ (Involuattry)
5
(RhythmicW
(Peristaltic)
esfibftsycoo.
(Twitch time)
(Refractory Period) 3*0 *&;_. aS>
(Spcrmosin") fto ^ N ^'-wxv, .&.KN *^ 3^^^ J e \ '
o5* ^Propeller)
i- o \ - / DfiSSb^ oc
co q 00.
tf (Autonomic)
&tfo (Accelerate)
slrtc6 (vagus)
(Skeletal muscles).
(flexor) wfc
(extensor) ^fe
(Adductor) wfo
(Abductor)
(antagonis f ic)n
sS^o (syner-
gistic)
rp
&S" (Myosin),
fo^ (Actomyosin)
ssium chloride) [D-^esoS^^^,
( Adenosine Tri - Phosphate )
*^
, t
a
TTcb,
1. t{ The Living ceil,"- Readings from
Scientific American; W. H. Free
man and Company; San FrantXsco.
1965.
2. " Animal Physiology" -, by KNTJT-
SpHMIDT^NIELSEN. Prentice Hall
of India Private Limited; New
EtelfaL 1973. , , : *
3. "Cell Physiology" ~ by A,*C
GIESE* W. B. Saunders ,
400
4. "Human Body - Its Anatomy and
Physiology " - by C. H, BEST and
II
N. B TAYLOR. Henry Holt anc
Company. New York. 1956.
.
[AGING]
(May^Fly) firf5*a_S f
ite) 26-
(SUurus Glanis)
(Life Span)
fi &
lfcs'33
(term-
60
t So 6
601? So.
ieSoi
&C&&0,
ation)
&otitoo
(Rad
3d8b3-Sb.
401
(Isolated) Sft
(Adapt) I
&5 (Collagen)
(Calcium), ^ego" (Choles-
terol) t 3$>arajL Stficyo-es
(Glu
\ oPOo? S*O3On* oJj*Co*\CO
otD&(3*. So) s^ow r6s$3ic6^ o5ii?T* (Promi-
nent) nfc, ^^^S ^T^ orjo (Significant)
, aS)
(Weis-
mann)
___ _ SS'ea
" <?' "
(26)
402
(cell cultures) <*>
StfriS Botfrf^o A^S
cium)
(Parame-
SPCFGO
k.
, 5*0
(Cell differentiation) oSb
II
r&*u)otfBDcr o aao.
1. ''Problems of Aging 11 - by N. W,
SHOCK - Transactions of the 16th
Conference, Josiah Macy Jr. Foun-
dation, New York. 1954.
2. "Aging. Some Social and Biologi-
cal aspects" _ by N, W. SHOCK;
Publication No. 65 of the American
Association for the advancement of
Science; Washington D. C. 1960.
3. "Tissues, Cells and Aging 1 ' -byB.L,
STREHLER. Academic Press, 1982.
4. "Problems of Aging" ^ by H. J,
LOETHER. Dickenson publishing
Company; Belmont. 1967.
85.
(Aging in Plants)
(Monocarpic) iaS'j-otf* S7<23
tf tfioS-rk a.S'
5?/^ix>ex>
- Annual loss)
SaaS'j- ^^06. SP
S'oo^o
Q O
. sjfl
404
II
n>
(Light intensity),
s-gS (Disease)
siaG rt>6o8
(Day light),
(Natural Selection)
eon-
405
0-30*
(Xamthophyllsj
(Carotinoids)
^Grana)
mic reticulum
(Protein content^
RNA
(Soluble protein) 5
(Carbon fixing)
40ft
tt
tfs&o (Nu
trientsj
SS L ^sSbcce7OotS)t5br5^2).
C 14 ap^
C 14
C 14
RNA
( Incorporation )
(Peraxidas6),
( Ribonuclease )
an-
3*060^)
407
IAA
(Sinks)
. IAA
^Nutrients) S) tf
Q
_d&3fcoo> ^tf2&3&r&fcSjtf .
, ~ )^ ASocSj* IT- . * * U
-r /Spinacm
_ _ _ _
ooj wwww t vejuju\oju. tvj^w ' ^
^OOJ WW^CUCVCUUAJNA^J. tVJ^w
Xanthium pensylvanium)
RNA
RNA
RNAo
403
A^SoOScs- SS"
RNA
"
(Kinetin)
. "in-
Q t>
i^ 11 (Ririodendran, Lulipiy
hna ) ^oooer>o^S e$))?S5~ ( Ailanth-
us allissiner) .
mantW
d'^o (Dor-
S'^e
&o&cS3. wofib^
2, 4-
?S:o3,
RNA
2 4- D
o ajrf^|Sxjc5odSb f j
wo&tS osSbco
fereen)
0*0
FURTHER READING
1- WAREING, P F. and I,D.J. Phillips.
1970 - The Control of Growth and
Differentiation in Plants
2* WOOLHOUSE, H W. 1974 -
Longivity and Senescence in Plants;
Science Progress, VOL. 61.
2>.
86-
: Sbo
(Plant Embryology)
( Life-cycle )
(Angiosperms) fir 8 ^d&^foS (di-
ploid)
3>ofcoo<3;
feaatftf'
(Haploid)
f Microsporangium
( ovule )
(Megasporangium)
f Endosperm), 2)o<^^) (Embryo)
(Embryology)
o (Stamen Primor
( Pollen mother cells ) Sctf 0*000. ^e
(\ieiosis)
(Microspores)
(Pollen grains) n*
(Exine)
(Intine)
410
it
furrows),
pores)
t)aj
(Germinal
(Germ
("Male gametophytel
g'rao (Pollen grain)
(Generative cell)
fl
fcs*oSh ofi
(Ovule)
0*0
^Ovuleprimordium)
ii ('Nucellus'),
ments")
/
(Sporogenous cells)
^5j <5^oS5n e*S" s*^
S^otf (Funiculus)
(Embryo sac)
^ (Primary Archesporium)
(Megaspore mother cells) r?
(Megaspores)
on- a,
]&<s&*o&o (Functional Magaspore)
(Polygonum Divarlcatum^
(Strasburgar)
(Polygoaum type)
(Normal type)
fce-c^ 1
Q3J*
(Egg apparatus)
nucleus)
(Antipodals) rv
(Secondary
c<^a*^^o ^^)
(Upper pole),
(Egg
(Syncr-
(2)
-"3.
oL
16
(Feitilisation) :
(Syngamy),
Q-o
iple fusion)
So
(Triple
fusion nucleus )
(Endospeiin) :
II
( Non-endo-
spermic or exalbuminous)
(Endospermic or albuminousj
/Embryo)
AowrY i & 1
(Cell wall)
(Embryo axis), ~dc&
donsj Sfcodr'aao. bS'
^>odJ*ooD
(Cotyle-
e-S" Aoee^" 8
T*^h
^o3
"D
(Polyembryony)
Soo^fi^
CO
(Partheno-
carpic fruits)
-(Integuments),
(Seed coats) n
(Testa)
413
, Jbo^^o
(Gibberellins), ^ Sflff (Kinetin)
(Auxin?)
2.
-C
(Malegametophyte).
fFcmale gametophyte] .
3.
35ertf3 ;
o; E :
B.
C. j
M. ^o^o i j6'^f*^ (Micropylar end)
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Maheswari, P. - An Introduction to
the Embryology of Angiosperms.
Me. Graw Hill Book Co. Inc. 1950.
87
(Tissue Culture)
20
CT-O<" (Gottlieb Haberlandt-1902)
(Lamium Purpurium)
(Meriste-
matic Activity)
White)
^fioo
t -3 (" ( p. R.
20
(Went and Thima^
415
es&so
(Sterile)
,3 db ex So*
or*
s*ocr
too
1.
. 2.
8.
DdS
r, bo5~tt> (Skoog and Miller
-1967)
SD. S. i) M 0.2 Sb, [TV. ^
o S^
tf/^lj CO .02 Sb in-.
co n V L
6 Sb.
55* S) 5" (Tyrosine)
Ibfib^tfo SS^fi
5^33$ 3K
o oL
(F. C. Steward) saaSS fe'eae^o
s3c3"Oex), tJ^ytf, D^SbS'eo,
160 Sb.
(Totipotency) Al
416
II
&
(Crepis Tecto^um^,
(Antirhinum Majus)
) X #6d&S> ^^5 (Hordeum
bolbosam X Hordeum VulgareY
(OeDothera Scabra)
Sera- 19655
(Kostaff) 19295^
(Datura In noxia],
{&*3>^cS)S (Datura StromoBium)
E l Nitsch's)
(Hellers)
n-lb,
r?!b
19G4
(iAA), 2.4. as
: (2.4,D), ^^>fi^ (Kinetin),
fcifi, L^Sas^tfsSbo (Yeast Extract),
&ofi
(Larue - 1942)
(Jensen & Bonner-1949)
(J. P. Nitsch 1949, 1951),
(Santalaceae),
(Loranthaceae)
417
Sr^tf
n
eo
eT
o
(27)
-TT t . t v ^ && (Triploid) tfo
Haberlandt ) a*pc)?S v r
1970 S5 KSo^^^dr 8 so^ (Cock-
ing)
^_ o
FURTHER READING
Steward; F. C. (1968). Growth and
Organisation in plants. Addison-Wesley,
Reading, Mass,
'w *"
^-~- , L?^ Q 8)SS>^ o&tftf^ Wareing , P. F. & Phillips I. D. J.
(1970). The Control of Growth and
differentiation in Plants. 'Pergamon
Press Ltd.
John, B. M. (1971). Differentiation
in Plants, tissues, cultures. Presidential
address - 68th Session of the Indian
Science Congress.
a.
o
(Interacting Systems in Development)
S>o
CJ-53-0?
^)oi&^
Acting)
CD
?
(Inter
l J)fl
(Interactions)
idy)
(Activation)
(Excep^
tions)
^ofi^tfe
estf^o (Parthenogenesis)
?6odSi3 g'
(Zygote)
(Ooplasm)
5p$?3o$>&> tfgdSb&d (Diplo ^^ (Qeavage)
( Blastomeres )
foes
(Identical)
5"iC-
(Genes) ^
419
So
(Chemo Different!.
ation)
(Determination)
ments)
ar0&
( Morphogenetic
, roSjv sS^g^epoS
(Axial Mesoderm)
. ajo
"i^ ( Induction )
(Competence)
^ In Res P nse to )
&ocy>.
co
x> Sd^^oSS,
CO
_
~~ 1. C. R. AUSTIN - "Fertilization" -
(Transcribe) pfentice ^ ^ Englewood
Cliffs. New Jersey. 1965.
2. M. SUSSMAN-" Growth and Deve.
lopment"- Prentice Hall of India
Private Limited. New Delhi. 1963.
3. CHR. P. RAVEN-" An Outline
of Developmental Physiology"- Per
gamon Press. London- 1959.
4. N. T. SPRATT*- "Introduction to
Cell Differentiation* - Chapman
and Hall Limited. London. 1966.
5. F. J. GOTTLIEB- "Developmental
*67? *tf g&tto^ wtfZZ Genetics 1 ' - Chapman and Hall Limi
ted. London. 1966.
6. J.D. EBERT- "Interacting Systems
in Development** - Holt Rinehart
and Winston Inc. 1965.
200
cSgojcn 8
250
10-20
6o-iJ*CCD.
80-125
422 v
it
5 &o& 10
Si ^)
SJ*otfdj*> ^tft&n- S^SS) 5*0
\^&
^oa wtft) SS
an*
150 ^). b>.
60. "Sjo.S
428
x)ar*doco
oii^, S'oS'tf
. ^8
Aotj-00.
cSfij L ^a3,
SoS
fife 3 ,
CD *
6000
Aotoofi. SS:)S?o
2000 &c<3 4000
Coo
424 Serais' II
.
. 2.
, SS
, f^rp, 05}
S5^3?oa
&ooL_cpeo Sb^ d
S SS6
, 3
5000
FURTHER READING
1. ODUM. E. P. 1963. Ecology; Holt
Rinehart and Winston. New York.
2. DAUBENMIRE, R. F - 1968.
> SJtfeon, Plant Communities; Harper & Row.
si5f_a 3. BILLINGS. W. D- 1964 -Plants and
the Ecosystem. Mac Millan. London.
3. a.
90.
a? *;>_)*' cry 3
u *
, ejfl
^055*0
63*- W
o^ ^A
Stfon*
426 SsprSfiW II
\ 4-00 *& r? tfjjc
^odxofi.
S&OT?
en a
e>
a,
ei o
i
)^0*4
, C5
&a
427
FURTHER READING
1. DAU8ENM1RE, R.F. 1969. Plants
and Environment; Second Ed. Wiley
Eastern Private Ltd; Publishers.
New Delhi.
^l&& S$o*rt So&f^oSr* 2> ODUM, E.P. 1978, Fundamentals
of Ecology: 3rd ed. W.B, Saunders
Company. Philadelphia.
3. SAGREIYA,K.P. 1967. Forests and
Forestry. National Book Trust,
India. New Delhi.
ii "i.
91.
DjS^ climatology)
(Meteorology) ^ e
(Biometeorology)
>,A ^oS" 8 .
e) L
(Architectural
Meteorology)
428
atf n
transfer \ es^tf, r?0
6"^^ (Heat
transfer)
?5 ^
S =s
Radiation)
L =r fitf
Radiation)
H =
E
M
o =
: (S. + S o ) + (L. + L o )
(Short wave
(Long
wave
(Latent heat of canopy)
(Nature
(Humidity)
429
V 3fo ^
ive Humidity),
O(S 120^0 V
Ibo^^o.
ii.sn 8 e
u v
^% (Drought)
480
n
x-
;.
CO 2J
"Sefi
(
56" esea
(Solar Radiation)
J (Heat energy) &
tf&d&f6"_5 (^Chemical energy)
19 X 1 O 10
Ccrac6*, SJO
fi^a* 90
10 ^doS^ 7
, 3
431
iSofi
\
&C&PCXD.
2. #30^3
StfSfc^ s*o&, a
("Canopy)"^
3. ^^^c&>|_^S" irtftf
i ^Sj-?6|_ci&s5Q?6
to
L
foflSbtf
/Micro Climate)
r
CO CO
eu
flu "I
(Homothermic)
(Poikilothermic^
42 3zsp>saas II
FURTHER READING
1. Lowry, W. P. (1969). Weather
and Life. Academic press. New York.
2. Salisbury, F. B. and Ross, C.
(1969). Plant physiology. Wards^
worth Publishing Co. Californina.
(antenna^) ssr&j ^^oifid&oSDa U. S. A.
92.
(Radar)
:r. ~oL
)\ ^ojcajn'o^o,\) o^roos'n^n-uo. &.s U "L^S ^""^
(Acrtic Turn)
86,000
488
(Scolopax Rusticola)
1500
20PO-SOOO
7000-9000
1EOOO
20,000
28,000 t^^e ^^ s'^o?^, 27,000
(Choughs) ^ ito
&c& 200
( 28 )
So&
g^i (^Harmonal Balance^
aicr-ofi S
6230-43
44 Os*f5&S>tf II
drr fSspSSfei
(Glide)
&S$
gx-.A,^^^ 1. "Bird behaviour'' -by John
Sparks. Paul Hamlyn, London. 1969.
2. "fundamentals of Ornithology "-
by J. Van Tyne and A, J. Berger John
(Instinctive behaviour') ^0<Jr?), ^d'g Wiley and sons, Inc. 1959.
4S5
3 "The book of Indian Birds", by 6. "Bird Navigation'' _ by G. V. T.
3l X Matthews Cambridge University press.
Salim Ali. 1955
4. The world of Birds" - J. by Fisher
and R. T. Peterson. Macdonald. 7. Re. Birds.
London. 1968. Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental
"Bird flight" - by K. Simkiss. Reaserch Insistitute. Vol. XLI1I. parts
Hutchison Educational Limited. London. (i_iv) P. 59; Vol XLV parts (Uv) P- 105.
1963. 1964.
93.
(The Life of Microbes)
, J^dfi, S"S)cto6 (
$5*
sp<?S>o>
Scrtf&ooJbtf
to* ii
53* I
^2*0}
0,1-0.5
ey^QSeo 2 &cA 50 36 [p So
0.5
c^)
CJ 69
S'esS'^D'.OS
to
DNA ^eso$) 606x06.
1. Sjd&oSJ*^ E^SddtSbSex*.
487
.
. 2,
o
8) A
53cx5:xi^$)ex>ri
sjS)
&S55JYT s eo
o i
SSsfc.
Aaft 2)ffir^Qo3^ II
Ji tJ\J n
"lo
Aotocaa. 6
Ve5*
"lo^s^eo
RNA
jo a^)
RNA
DNA,
"ol> " ~^ - - - ^
Sbocr
"3
4S9
TMV
TMV 3
TMV
1985
. TMV
fe TMV
i&^to
25-250
DNA nS) RNA
e$E3oS&n* Aod^^bofi. ^
fi ^cn 8 RNA ^e
tf^eo
Oft)
tfofS
SCPCP
440 Ss^o!^ II
FURTHER READING 3. Smith. K. M. 1965. The Biology
1. Sistrom, W. R. 1962. Microbial of Viruses. Oxford University Press.
Life, Holt Rinehart aod Winston
2. Frobisher, M. 1958. Fundament.
als of Microbiology. W.B. Sounders Co. CJ*ii "^. 2.
94.
fMarx & Microbes!
.$. 435).
o
db. -^e
&tf
&0&CF 1)0
o a
>. siD <K<3 SODS' )_c?a)Q2i ssSS'o^ i^^^xpS^cD ^o s^oef", SuboooA,
SSri)0(S.
6rcdrccD.
441
4> > J~ Q
aS
rs-fo,
3*5
.
a oi.
iO& &0&TOOO.
^ L
<P CO
e> s^
L g 5p C
l)ooo:c<S. & i
8,3^0
442
^^-3 sS^ff,
*so_sS6"
$0&5*OX>
r6j*3?*>
oo
^
500.
448
c&JO
FURTHER READING
1. W HESTER, 1970. Introductions to
Fungi. Cambridge University Press.
2. JOHNSON, W. H. and STEERE,
W. C. 1962 This is Life- Holt
Rinehart and Winston
3. S,
95
?5&?Sao>,
^i
444
n*
SS 6,
. ^8
S) a
SSodoo biJ, ?3ea,
fc fifes' tfoS
445
53^ Si^O^^COO. 5*^15
GN
00" , |
446
or,
G
35) ,
GN, fctf
GN
s
S>,
96.
447
S " 9$ sSgSS^S^Co. ssifT S3*6o&S>
"^ * ^ eo
x_ctb<Z5 g'eao&eo
. 1%
FURTHER READING
1. SINGH, R. S. ( 1988 ). Plant
Diseases. Oxford & I. B. H.
Publishing Co. New Delhi,
2 ALEXO POULOS, C. J. ( 1962 ).
Introductory Mycology; 2nd ed.
Wiley Eastern Press Ltd.
New Delhi.
3. S.
(Inborn Errors and Theii Paihologys
^3 EO ,
CSi 3
448
II
(Phocomelia)
foS (Nephrosis) S^ 5*^
(Down's Syndrome)
(Hemophilia)
5)65
Ck CO
(Metabolic Pathways)
ctosemia)
(Galactose)
(Gala-
(Phenyl Ketonuria)
fi^^o^ J>3 6"
3 S" (Phenyl
oci&do
(Adreono
genital Syndrome^ ?6^
s^a^d" ^Cortisol) ?6oc53j*e5^
7?
449
cxa.
S'Sftotftf^efi.
, 226??
phogenetic Movements)^
(Mor-
28
(29)
^DActf
(Thalidomide)
(Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic Acid)
. rfg
(Diabetic) e^c^
(Radiation)
450
II
toe.
O CO
(Isotopes)
^Viruses)
i K oo'3e3EX)^
53-8
, 53*6
1. Genes. Enzymes and Inherited
diseases - by H. E. SUTTON, Rine-
hart and Winston, New York. 1966.
2. Developmental Genetics, -by
F. J. GOTLIEB, Chapman and Hall
Limited, London. 1966.
3. Congenital defects -by L. SAX-
EN and J. RAPOLA, Holt, Rinehart
and Winston, Newyork. 1969,
4. "Human Biochemical genetics' *
by H. HARRIS, Cambridge Univer-
city Press. 1959.
o
l)rf& *
tf
CO
(Zoo)
Lo
300
9T. S
(Conservation of Wild Life)
SSSeo,
50
! 65-70
40 000 $)coo> &\yfo 4000
^J830 tf^
(Rodonessa caryopby-
llacea) escS^ s^db 4^5
0*
^0^
SJCP *3o*
4B2 Ss'Sfi&S' II
ar
1
L
n-S' ^?
1915
1952
Hi
3
. 1931-62
fecx
3
381%
18%
SSCOD
CO
^ J2SOD
466 a^^Si^ II
&, ^
n o
Aodooofi. s}etf is
ifeoB. s a^orr
SPCT-
D. si<3
1952
|jSespff3
3
1. Indian Lion-5
2. Tiger- ^tf^D
3. White tiger-So ^)C
4. Cheetah or Hunting]
6. Clouded leopard^sSi^o
6. Snow leopard or
7. Caracal-^T^^CS'sio
Q
8. Spotted Linsang or Ti
a a
CD
458
(Wild
life management
3 5)
464
H
9. Golden
10. Marbled cat-tfoSSO
o
11. Rusty spotted
12. Golden Langoor-sS
13. Lesser Panda- aS^
14. Swamp deer or Barasingha-gpcp&cr?
15. Brow -antlered deer-SPsSx^&S^
16. FourJiorned antelope (Chausingha)
35. Peacock-a&O
36.
37.
17. Black buck -
18. Indian gazelle (Chinkara)
19: Kashmir stag
20. Muck deer-g'cSpa&jtfo
21. One horned Rhinoceros-a,ofllPiS
22. Indian elephant-^tftf^sfc
23. Wild
24. Pigmy
25. Markh
26. Shapu or urial-^s
27. Wild ass~&tf >
28. Takin-^spe^
29. Crocodile-S?6)
30 Indian
81. Indian
32. Great Indian
33. White-winged
34. Pink-headed
J. 'Preserve 4 Wild. life - Nature's
price. less gift to India' V Designed and
produced by the Directorate of Adverti-
sing and visual Publicity, Ministry of
Information and Broadcasting, for the
Directorate of Pubiic Relations, Ministry
of Agriculture, Government of India.
July, 1971.
2. "Proceedings of the meetings of
the Indian Board for Wild-life'* .Ministry
of Food and Agriculture, Department of
Agriculture, Government of India.
3. * 'Forests and Forestry "-by K, P.
SAGRE1YA, National Book Trust,
India. 1971.
4 "The Wildlife of India"-by E.P.
GEE Collins, London. 1965.
5. "The Twilight of India's wild life"
by BALAKRISHANA SESHADRI,
Oxford University Press, Bombay.
"International WildJife Encyclope-
dia"_ Edited by M. BURTON and
R. BURTON; New Caxton Library
service Limited^ London. 1969.
>,
98.
(Preservation of Rare Plants in India)
a.S'fl.
3
80-85
'-i9e53*&x>$5,
, GT l fi^5 t aj a &
456 ifi^A&S' II
0*0 *3$cawtetfa>f5 SSa&d,
n co
_^ 3d*>
^P tf >^_ ^^ *-. t5. *^* */* > *r -* X -V V * ^j*
SPSS'
'
u u co
B-*- - -v. ao-jJ&ra
> ^ ~Q g
S>5 rO Oo ^Sq3
e) <o
1952
joSco 4E7
FURTHER READING
1. Puri, G,S. (1967). Indian Forest
Ecology. Oxford Book Stationery
Co, Ne\v Delhi.
a^o*"^*^ sS 5 < -oa 2 - Sa ^ a > K - p - ( 1971 )- Forests and
a A an^fr-ejo a <& ^8^ As^as. Forestry, National Book Trust,
India.
co 3
99.
(Space Biology)
aSfio!S)
&;Sa-&e
So-
(Oparin) S0-os^x> eo-g ags^^^wo^. ^^^ ^^ o BdtA&oa .
*o#f
rf*
Biology) i)^ n-a
458
II
55
&ScSootf IfcS
n
5o
. s-S
1. Sba^i^s- esozrtf&tfb =3 Mars.
2. A6^^ : Jupiter*
a-fl
6"S
20 30
h
CX*
, ^83
^6^^ ^[dsSoors- S^oSSSa
^o^^o&i "Ssotf A'^db.
25 C, o' a?rftf 20 C
.
60
469
x:^ 8 s3n i s5j)aS"oa
feiSb
3o
eo
.
VII
(GENETICS)
100. SS
fig
^ ?3oc3pe3?6sio (Combination)
(Reproduc-
tive process^ c^^o* coo*
^)<5
o (Gametes)
(Mold),
sr-8
461
laws i
methods^ sS5S
(Application)
(Germ cells)
(Gametes)
a
(Sperm)
/
a,
"!
(Natural
(Scientific
e^S'
cor*
(Egg)
fGenetic material 1 ^
\ /
550^0^0^
cao* Bo&^fl
462
, 8.
|3$eo (genes) ecocJ 5o, 4
rScpQ SSxr^oorr-
(Oak) sS^apoo,
o^ . & ^S s" 00
^cS^o^Sh &T&r&G<5)
i
20j5
. . 463
t<
17
4J (William Harvey)
oj
(1578-1657) v
.), ODJ
o
yQ **-> ^j 8 , ~- ^^ a ^^ ^diff-a-L^U (Regnier
De Graaf 1641-1673)
(Anton Van Leeuwenhock
D.
L.
(acacia)
(Jan Swammerdam)
464
(Preformation theory)
Sotftf^o
(^Charles Bonnet)
; ^
i
! *
'3
"**"'*;!>$ -.
^ -
7 ^
''"v
'"^li^V
^t"
__:i&jbu.
V.-iW'*- " -
II
5ofl3
* 5^55
rExtinet)
B^:
- 1.
(1834-1914)
(Germplasm theory)
S)S (Pan-
CO
1822
o
^e
466
(1822
-1884)
tfSf I oSoF'.^PoSs * Q
L. if. "sa.
101.
(1822.1884.)
/Monastery)
(80)
486
II
(off
(1866)
^Origin of Species) &CT>O#;$,
0*0
1884
. 1900 SonS*
4
^Breeding)
836Aoc3,
(Hypothesis)
* ^ #5*0
467
3eo&ff i sS&)
(Deploid)
5s3 (Haploid) 8*
rSocJia
(Homoz^gote)
D D
^Heterozygote)
D d
type)
(Pheno-
BSSjcpaS w?S>ge5p^o (Genotype)
. D d
n*^)
D d 5^ D D
D d
D,
d S
(pure lines)S a3?S&eo (parents)n*
SSotfj
(hybrid)
(F 2 )
1084
787
277
468
II
$808*
DD
Dd
dd
1
2
1
X dd
Dd
p
Dd x
F. x F,
DD
Dd
aa
- 2.
469
2001
(Monohybrid cross)
. Ftftf o0*
Stf
8028
6022
3 : 1
. 519
314
8 :
1 ; 166
Stoker iscoodb
^DoO, F 2
3 : 1
D
OiB5*^h
DD
x
X dd
0*30*
dd
D
Sofi?5
So5,
D
(Dd)
(Dominant)
d
wo^tfrfon- (Recessive) n
(Dominance)
470 2'>;Si3!>' II
f?
3.
(Dd)
( dd)
^9-X'*N*Sv
OXP
a. D
d *
a
3:1 )Sv\ dST* 5. F tftfofiT 8
o^eso, S6A F. ff 1
*~~ ft
o^es^co (d), F^
(Segregation) So^^ox). 7. ;
4 83
1
102. 3 S^ oo - 03 So SS o 8
(Cells and Heredity)
D
. s-a
9 ^* *< *4 *<?^ JT^ y* < ^wrf wv? *** v^ cv , QG*
471
(Living processes)
1866-1900 ff 8
(Mitotic division)
^Complex)
4^3o
Stage)
a,"^
(Adult
(Endoplasmic reticu-
lam), B^fi^^S)^ (Ribosomes), ^
c&e (Mitochondria), rr
(Golgi bodies), Ibo|j3dfc*<5~ (Centriole)
eajSsSjsSca (Cytoplasm)
(Nuclear fluid)
(Nucleolus)
(Nucleus) e
(Metabolic functions) ^c^^
(Control).
(Cell reproduction)
(Multicellular organism)
(Cell division)
(Daughter cells)
(Tissue)
(Size)
"3
ijS[8dSb (Growth process)
(ygote)
4T2
1915)
036 sprfoflf 8 Doflr"qiSbo/S" (1843-
. Sag' ^KI&D cto&S^T,
0-
-30-
2B
2n
(Chromatid)
2^5^ L^ap
stfe3^x. ^i
^Equational)
B oAS" tf BT
(sperm)
(Egg),
car*
II
3
(Mate)
?6Doa
(Uterus)
(Somatic cells)
cop
(2n)
(2n)
(Meiotic division)cr2a
Stf esS cya" ocoS)
478
(Replicates)
(Genetic material)
. A,
^ *
/Chromoteome Complement)
/Formation of genetes in animals)
Dfi^oco,
. aorfSbo,
(Flagellum) &
: /Spermato genesis\
(Spermotogonia)
cyte)
stage)
(Primary Spermato
(Spermatids)
fcS (Haplcid
oocyte)
(^Primary
474
ri
DX?VO<S>. (t&: sS4osSx)-4j) i- ^^ (Polar body)
I
I
s
"x,
i
1
/ \
- 4.
476
3o3
II
(Secondary oocyte)
('Mammals)
2.
i ^77 ffi n A fta O/TI
I
(Sn)
3.
4.
.
103.
^^
(Sex chromosomes & Sex determination)
1. a
(2n) ^^3^ ?6^^ (n)
f Nuclear structure)
1891 ;
(Spennatogenesis) ^sSfSff 8 a.^ ^8^S>S X - 5^^ ('Body 1 )
/ *> OO' V '
(Sperms)
477
. 1902
(grassy-hoppers) t3*
(Somatic cells) Sbtf
X -
(oogenesis)
atfdt&al
*
, cccr X -
S&otfS
X -
, X -
1905 tfo&^tfotf* sj.S).
/"germ cells)
13
(Protenor)
(Eggs)
(Fertilization)
6
X -
atfooO f 0*^)5 X
3
X ^
Y -
(Influen
ce)
X, Y, ex)
Sort
(Zygote)
. 1900
somal theory)
xo s5
somes
(Grosshopper) o
22 ^dS^^Sbea (Auto
X
(XX)
x
^36 oO^fib.
ftfi (Xo) a*
478
II
(Meiotic division) 3o<3
i^Sp^Sb '$fl
(HA + X)
(HA + X)
(11A+O)
(A)
- 6.
479
X
X Y
x o
(1905) 5* X Y
X, a,tf Y
(3A+XY).
(XX)
- 6,
480
Y
atf ii
3o<5?6
(X Y) &
>3* Sofi
(X X) rs
X Y ^"ap^Sa Cotf
(The Sexual functions of X Y
Chromosomes).
X,Y
(Sex Linkage),
X
} Y
. 1916 ?3o d*
. Y
(Sterile) 2W5D.
Y
(XXY)
(Fertile)
ofl
. Y
(Neutral) a
^Gynandromorphs)
1919
(X X)
. -^8
X
worm
eus
X
5PC03.
(X O)
(Silk
(Nucl
(lutersexes and Supersexes
Drosophila)
(1922)
in
481
3. Bo& X
[^cfiofo (Triploid) 6*
L
(Sets)&
2. "aoefo X
2o
cj
XXY
4. "3o& X
&$ ^
6. "So^ X
8. &, X
7. SS^<& X
&T'
8 . ^ X
(81)
482
asf n
(intermediatejr?
^a
62 S)
X
X
X
X
ea&g^eo
3
'-a
ceo*
(Chromosome complement)
,^ooo. K
Y
X
D. 63
D. X
2X : 2 A
S)tf JSbSSa- ( GeniC Balance and
3 \
Detc-rn.ination of
(Carriers)
X
X
(Factor).
J)3 ^^
. ^, 488)
& <o rt-\ & 483
S--2
0.5
1.0
1.0, O.B
104-
(Sex Linkage)
X
1910
(Fruit Fly)
( A )
( x / A)
8 X - 3 1.00
2 X - 2 l.CO
sg'&> XXY 2 X Y 2 1.00
X X te&> 2 X - 3 0.67
XXY tfS 2 X Y 3 0.67
X Y 2 0.60
8 X - 2 1.60
BSa^Aifa X Y 3 0.83
a
CGJ* &S$\ 9 1.6. ssoeb,
a
484
. sj
(Spotaneous) n*
(Mutation) cr'^o'
X
3: 1
stays
w
. F
co oL 2
(So ^tf^o)) sSj JS'tf esaSfl.
B 83?6: X
* Y
- 8,
485
W.
, W
W
i o
w
w
(W)
w
Y
S
estf
. "3o^S5
W
(W w)
X
W
W W
X
w
? 00 x 0tf *
^3^ a ^^^a
T^own^Au
(w| ^
QH BIT
- 9,
486
ii
. 2b<SS
X
X
X
Y
Sg)odJoco.
X
^Sex-Linked Lethal genes)
$3
Mutationsj
. 10
o
487
f?ex Linkage in man^j
X
X
Carrier)
X
Sj*otf&> s&S',
- 11
Y (Y Chiomosome Linkage in
(Non-bomologous]
sr it
&,. JF. "3ft
105-
a ss
(Mutations)
(Spontaneous Mutations]
. A
CparentSj
(size) ^o
9"*$^
mals)
(mam-
(mutant)
^s^co (Mutants)
rnal) 3$ wotftf /Internal)
(Physiology)
(Bio-chemical)
(Exte-
sS (Trans
form) 3o^b6ofi.
489
/Antennae)
fSS.aexSSS&tf^
Neurospora)
(Somatic mutation )
li&ilsS ^e^o^ Antibiotics'^
(Ecabryo)
^Stages at which mutations occur):
(Mature gamete) *
SraSxxEf*
sperm)
(Spermatogonia)
^ss> (Control) 3$
65 a
^Culture)
(
\
Bacterio-
gj*S$c3 D tf
(Medium)
490 JteFlSaiS' II
(Back or reverse mutation')
(Colon) ^
S6\rf
(Frequency)
(Point)
(Pedigrees)
sootf
oO^
e
(Iris) &
I!
_n , D^cS^K tFQU* CCJ*
. 49ox3 ^A."\ d&?\5o$tf "*
o"3>.
Sospg
(deficiency or
tfg'&o deletion"), fco^eS^ea^ ('duplication)
491
version), loSSf^sS&io (TranslocationW?6u,
V* i
3 HI
* _ H i
4- a HI
- 12
f r g
, a."^ Dtf ^
f g.
a, b s c. d, e, f,g,
180
g. h. i- ]- k.l- S
g h i d e f
(Induced Mutations \
x -
1928^
1946 S
[JP
D,
a b c d e f
S'OA^vtfn*.
a b c J k 1
X-StfESCJ,
(Ionizing radiations)
8
oR)< 5
[-SsSpi
492
(Electro - magnetic radiation),
gfo (Wave length)SA?6
. Ac? ii
X-
('Ultra violet radiation).
S (Participate
radiation)
^^Dg Ai
cles) fr
(Sub - atomic parti-
x-
i
x -
1448
(Sex-linked lethals),
( Semi lethals )
(Visible)
, 154
as S (Visible)
3o[G* 1 98
x-tfE3*eo ( t \ 676
49
4
1
x_tfE5ex (t ~] 772
89
12
8
(Directly propor.
(Induced)
R
c6oo^o
-IBS' 1
498
x- Stfe^o
zj*ao.
^SourcejS tfrt
roe 1000 3000
- 18
I) (1986)
(Target theory) [_
(hit)
(Aspergillus) er 8 3
CO,
o i 'e3o (Compounds)
^07
fE.M.SV
\ j
(M. M.S.)
, A.
(D. N. A.)
(Radioisotopes and Mutations)
(Strantium-90)
\ /
494
n
\ fib.
COP
).
106,
("Physical Nature of gene)
iOO )
li'LO
Gooes'
osoS-
/Chemical Nature of gene)
(Feulgen) &6ox$ ^c^Bg ZtfQ (Stain-
ning technique" CTQCP 2 tf^dtfi^S' ^^
(^Deoxyribose Nuclic Acid
495
D. N. A )
s$rotf^&cp, Ssf D. N. A.
/Properties of Nucleus)
S (Pneu-
mococcus^ ^D^SS ?S
/ <a
iS 6"?6 /Transformation)
, D. N. A,
(Radia-active Tracers) & ^e5S (Virus)
S*
(1952) ex> D. N. A,
D. N. A
E>fi
. N. A.
ro PO co
/Nucleic acids^i
v /
(D. N. A.) ^i
\ / *
(R. N. A. ) a 3 ^o
\ /
1 . D N A
^&ff-jo (Chloraplastids)
(Mitocbondria
(Nucleolu^)
. N. A.
es S (Synthesis^ a^ R. N, A
D. N. A,
R. N. A.
, N. A,
D. N. A o
5
(Nitro-
gen bases) D. N. A. * ^S. R, N, A.
D. R A. &
(Adenine V rr^S 5 (Guanine)
^^" (Cytosine), St
(Thymine) c&>o&c" (Uracil) ^2) ifl
(Pyrimidines), D.N. A,, R.N A
a) (Molecular weight)
. D. N.A. wsDStfs$ R.N. A.
^5 (Nucleotide)
-"o D. N. A.
( Molecule )
DMA
^ ZoS& DNA
496
. U
DNA
. 19535^
DNA
063^-
(Model)
x* Stfe^o
(Diffraction)
DNA
^fi" (Phosphate), &
, D N,A.
bond)e>
DNA
tiodfrtf
(Hydrogen
-l 6 ")
(helical) 3*
- 14),
"&-|^T B flc5'
497
(Fundamental Genetic Functions) g^s
_ . rro e- ,,/ isSdSSB (Replication) 8,
O Ci vd* 1 1 C& 83 ^ 80 O w 'j^OO O L w \ ^
^mutation) ^CP
10T.
(Genetics and Its Aplications)
(Animal Breeding)
(Animal Breeders)&
(Plant Breeders) So,
^ ifi
o
5.osS (Apply)
^S^k sSi^f6b.
(82)
498 SsptfAW II
Sb STofiotfi^odxi^;, Co.
ox.fi 08*
(Plant Breeding)
(^Food Crops)
S^>?Tj (Pests) &. &P^ ^^o (Parasites)
(Spores),
SS-(5o&
(Traits) &"^
[V SW-\^IV IW >VJ
c/ o
D. Si)0t) 83^$
e
(.Genetic Qualities) tfo
\
$;<& - a&gSP
g&eo sSoS's^tfoSStf gon
(Hemophilea), sS'tf
(Colour Blindness), ^sfiAdft* (Aniridia)
53*^*^ (Retino Blastema)
oo
(Pedigree
o
499
B,Sf
ccofi
lAft&Ci
i. &>$
(Hypothyroidism) <3
D' (Euge-
(Eetodermal Dyspla8ia)e5^ftB&s6c^ 53g<5 nics") &~i
600 a**A&f ii
(Application)
vm
&xj (Medicine)
**^
108.
2,
8.
fc^^ 6 SA
, S'Stf
o ETC* ^s^pr^coRJ ^ o.
01*5.
2. *~
602 Semis' II
r
2
(i)
(ii)
8.
4.
5,
* n / oL V
wounds).
b), SbjcS)!Pa ArcS^ rrc&*ex (Purely
closed injuries)
8, SSoA S 6 ^^ 65^)do, r
^o^^to v/ -" " --.__- -^^ ^
( ji )
4.
(iii) |_tjee
5.
o A
I.
508
6" Jfos*a
5*5r&&r ! '> antiseptic n*S ase-
ptic FVS dressing ^CP ; antibiotic
>, Analgesic
(Splints) 38>
( immobilise ) 3^j
Ssr^oSk &_d
. Crammer
, 03
eo&
w eo to
o
cr-7?, S
63 CO
n0
J, Sofi _
' w
80
S04
(i)
(iii)
4.
06
ii. fo
iii.
iv. ^06"
v.
\i. ^0x5" sSStftfoS* 5*^,
1.
2.
8.
4.
6. tftfo tJ<3S3*;5tfo,
2.
c?6
csr,n Sr^tfoS
109.
o <D
. sjfi
Rays)
(Ultra - Violet
Stfotftfsfci
Q5A
tfg^&SSB
(Enamel),
, &&>
32:. g'o'e)^^ (claricle),
(Scapula), tfotf ^i^ (Humerus)
506
fe (Radius),
ffc (ulna), ^SoS i^eS
- Ci <D
(carpals),
14 ^tfworib^g&exi (Phalanges),
86:&*Soe(Shoulder) ( 3r3a So>(Elbow),
&E5fc> (Wrist).
s>6 Bodoto, a.* S' a"c&o&o<& 3&oSeo
CO -w-tr-
81 raffias' [5o o-rtsio^ |8s*fc (Sacrum)
a tfofi [8*69 $os^fe (Hip bone),
(Femur^ a3or> (Tibia),
ptfo^pS) (Fibula\
'jfc (Patella), 7
(Tarsals),6 ^<5^s^^ (Metatarsals),, 14
^ef^o^ygKbo) (Phalanges), sSxi^g^sS
ig: ^otfSoi ^ J5&^o (Hip joint),
Sj'S' ?6oS SS' crS)cSofi (Knee),
?3oe 5^ &o&o^ (Ankle),
ii.
(Endocrine Glands-Ductless Qlands
and physiology of Endocrines)
(Ductless
glands or endocrine glands), b
(Harmones ^ 3_
(Pituitary -
coj*
gland of the body)
(Master
(Thyroid and Parathyoids),
1> ?&i)^ou)?6 ( Suprarenal )
(Cortex and Medulla), <? &S (Thynws),
^S) ^?&^ S^dJc&So dJ^
(Pineal body).
(Ovary),
(Pcncreas),
(Testis),
i^o^bo
I
a.
/Growth hormone)
507
b. 3
(Thyrotrophic hormone)
2.
1. -a>tf& 2. S^itfoa 8, 4.
6. ^tf^&V&s 6, efo(jtf&a*oS5cD 7.
8.
9.
10.
c. i>. fc. a. -2pff.(A.C. T. H.)
( cortex ) *
d.
^?5sie.(GonadotropJiic)
F S H,
(Ovum)
(Graffian follicle) &,
(Spermatozoa)
LH or ICSH -
LoTai"&8f*i5'(Oestrogen and Progestrone)
^d6fi'2)S&,
(Testosterone)
o t&
(si)
(Leutotrophin or Prolactin) :
; (i) ADH, (2)
sp^^ft^S" - wS^a^feS" (Vasopressin &
Oxytocin),
ADH (Antidiuretic hormone)
(Diabetes Insipidus), sa
(Diabetes mellitus)
08 Sa-sfiW II
8T
(Thyroid)
/cretin\
\ /
S^ox.
"5)fio)&.
sjos
(Pancreas)
i.
/Muscles')
(Protoplasm)
509
(r>orS)
oca*
(Voluntary)
(Striped)
(2) Erd'ex^S (^Plain)
KoO. qS 5S^^o[j? (Involuntary)
(Cardiac)
(8)
^To^^ ^52)
pulses)
Scs-rS-irn 8
S'CA |jSS_aofi?So.
im-
(Sphinctres). aja
e.g'
(Tone)So
So
FOR SUPPLEMENTARY READING
1 . Anatomy and Physiolgy for Nurses.
by Evelyn Pearte.
2. Functional Human Anatomy.
by James E. Crouch.
3. Whillis's Elementary Anatomy and
Physiology.
by Roger Warwick,
a.
110.
(2
5*r?i\
511
es&^rfg
n-CJO
.6
612
II
fctfa^oastfo
CO
ftSS S6A
oS^ofll
(8 SS
618
0-30*
"S.
111.
(88)
614
II
(Full and Sectional diagram)
(Renal artery)
(Renal vein)
(Kedney)
(Ureter)
(Urinary bladder )
eo (Urethra begins)
1.
2.
8.
4.
B.
8.
7. 8. sSoj-oSaCCortex), tf ^(Medulla),
(Location of renal mut)
9.
(Pelvis-reeeptacle for
urine)
Sxi' (Nephron - micro -
scopic view)
1. 3^^ tf&S &c6 (Branch of re n al
artery)
2> ^^fr- &< ^ ^^ (Branch of renal
vein)
3, w8D2p, &&sSs32p ^. ^siJO^exi
(Afferent and efferent arterioles)
4. 6 tf
(4) fces' 3$ (5) Blood
Capillaries - arterial and venous
sides)
6. $J)^- ^e3S5 r Renal corpuscle)
7.
(Convoluted renal
tuble encircled by blood capillary net)
8. SojrfSj'ss ^2r K5 ^'
(Collecting renal tubule)
SSAi /Renal corpuscle - micro-
scopic view - high power)
- (I)
fGlomerulus)
I. 2.
3.
(Funnel - like area - orrows indi-
cate filtration process)
5.
1.
(Reabsorption through epithelial
layer)
2. ^^cpSctfr*, &tfwS ( Hydrogen)
ecretion]
3.
4.
516
^. BIOS'
a,
8a
0*30,
__ CO
616
II
6.
- 2
- wotftf ^tf
. (Reticulor-endothelial system -
microscopic view)
1.
2.
3.
ssel).
4. tf jfS3>
usoid), ootftf jStf
cells). "*
6. *%3'**?eS
6oo> (Lymphatic net, Lymph, Lympho^
cytes)
(Reticular cell).
(Reticulum).
( Fine blood ve-
(Blood sin-
(Endothelial
(Lymph capillaries and their valves)
e
(1)
(2)
3oa
e^oS'S'ea&ow
tf&Sjjtf Se.
617
(2)
(7*0^^0
Ill,
/Lymphatic System^
1. %*(&$$ <x (Lymph vessels)
2. 9^^ S'eso^eo (^Tc^bex)) (Lymph
nodes or glands)
3. Ad's &$ptf ?*$&&>$ (Thoracic
duct)
4. S^Si6^^e5 <B$j- t SD^esS'sSM
c^^^. r*^^^eo (Lymphatics of
lungs and diaphragm)
(Microscope view)
1. tf&a (Artery) (2) fccj (vein)
3. S^sica-W (Lymph vessel)
4. ^oS'sSs) (Reticulum)
sj: 1. Atftf bsJ^s^ (Abdominal cavity)
2. &tfs SbSptfs^) (Thoracic cavity)
8. 6tfs y*i 5^2r>^ i^^o^o.
(Thoracic duct begins)
4
6.
6.
(Lymph nodes, Lymphatics)
( Lymph node-microscopic sectional
view)
(Lymphatic System)
(Afferent lymphatics and their
valves)
2. S^&tf&foorfo ^oSSso, o^sS^.
(Lymph space and reticulum)
618 )s rc ?S<Jb' II
3.
(Lymphoid tissued
4. e$S$3*2p KJ^QD, 5P<3
(Efferent Lymphatics and their
valves)
SSg&S
O'&Sg)
Sicex.
(Inflammation)
3o
o
CO
asa,
619
8 t
^
112.
520
e=T
*i ( 6 )
2.
S.
4.
(1)
(6)
(7)
f &*cboS &e3<5".)
^81 0(3
L_
( 2 )
<5oao<5oCrSS s&c&<&>,
( 8 )
(4)
10 SS 6^8 Sfl&S'&D &00& ^53*83^
*a8 c
o. fia
2.
Q
1.6.
( 4 )
&0
621
2. .
682 Jte^aM II
3
4,
1.
2,
8.
8. sja Sto&S B J2
(Casein]^
20 o&rtbe
ifi
sa (3)
2. sa
So*
A.
ea 69
528
tf
C.
Q
2. ^8
3.
4.
6.
(1)
(2)
> '
(Ano-rectal Junction)
aaora** (4)
B. g& &
(I)
, j ^ *^ a ^ ^ (Liver)
D, &?5;N it)^c^^ ffl^i_cxjo f 65(S &\ \ /
^ U ^^ <J A*,^^ ^^ ^ JgQQ
(i)
^.;
(2) ^oro S'^a), ftoS,
(4)
oot)
(6)
7.5 IbcdJJbfcfib - 10
O
(Fat)
(Spleen)
II
( J )
9u I r^gS^TO,, S& 3J ^5S*6^CO /'i \
\ )
^ XWr.tfX 1 AXX 1 c^X'oK^^
(4) [jS^S'sSDa (Urethra)
\ * \ /
cfiwSS.
g<a OJ^-BS o^cjtixo L_SCO jafio ^Ss fHenJe")
^fl. sjiS OoS ^ese^osSxicS 1 *?^,
C 1 )
(1) &^^^r ^nA ^".1 .^x;,u /
\ / "^ "~ 13**"' > >l ""'*' ivwu tij t*U> ^UO^JajCO r>\
(3) tffd&- -
^4J ^uuw-ty awjuuNf O_^33iO3Oc\C ON
626
1 1/2
a
250
260
fia
lifio.
e) o
. a. S
113.
. &c&* 21
(Mandible)
(Sutures)
cavities) -
(Orbital
Sbtf,
n
32)
canal ) S*
(vertebral
Aoa.
oS*g
(Capacity) J8BO
o n
1. Brochy Cephalic
2. Dolicho Cephalic (
^. ?3cp,
3. Mesati Cephalic
75
80
75
&
80
(Vertebral Canal)
2/8
(Cell body),
(Processes).
(Central Canal)
527
g'o'fe
31
^Spiral nerves) Baa&^oco. "3o&
&^ (dorsal)So S'ex
fmotor IB function^
(sansory in function)
12
, 6
. 5
(fibres)^T 8
(efferent) ;
^afferent). 'S^sr'&
f Ventral root of spiral nerve ) &*
(dorsal root) 8*
(diagnosis)
^o
100-SOO
disorders)
o (neurological
nervous system)
(Peripheral
oS (Vertebral
Canal)!,
e^od^db.
aoo (Spinal nerves)
fo
12
tftf (Sympathetic)
jte (Parasympathc.
tic)
c^&OD,
(gangloinated)
623
II
(balance)rv 604^000.
(Intermediate metabo-
lism),
(Stress reation)
tf jTo (Cardiac out-put)
, tf
(Somotic efferent):-
2. (j$0js*otf6s*s5ib'Q ( Special visceral
efferent) :-
(bronchial arches)
3. ^^P^IO^OS'SO^S (General visceral
efferent) :-
4. ^>&?6j 6tfs8)&a (General somatic
afferent) i-
5, [_sS^g^ **Stfs*a^a (Special somatic
afferent) :-
6. [jSSgs i> o^a5*S^a ( Special visceral
afferent) :-
(arches) &
, "3.
or 9 ii &. 2, esS".
114.
Anatomy & Physiology of Eye
(Ganglion)
(Optic nerve)
(Chiasm)
Sowotfo
(Cortex) e
(Visual Centre).
2.
3.
&OtfcCPQS,
(Oblique)
ld&&
(84)
(Laterally)
fiofil, 3eoS03^ (Oatward)S
. "Sodfc
Nerves)
a* "I
(Axes)
(Strabismus) S$r&oa.
(Tough Fibrous Coat) Ibcb
(solera)
530
II
Opthalmic artery )
Opening)
(Central
sr'SS (pupil)
5*08
^0*3
(Pigmented
layer)
(Ciliary body) ^oooofi,
(Radiating)
(Control)
(Rods),
oa ctA^otfc3-Oj (Neive impulses)
(Optic dis
(Sensitive^ n
(Suspensory ligaments)s$o
^055*3^6"^ ( Convexity )
(Aqueous humour j
(Albuminous fluid)
humour")
/
(Vitreous
(Stimuli &
SSoSb&ofi.
ii,
Auditory Apparatus
S^diSS^o (Auricle)
Meatus)
(Acoustic
^rroo;
). fcO ir$3:)3
(Impacted)
, 3D,
***
(Cerumen)
(Ear drum')
ox.
^Sooo^o
(Labyrinth)
*6 (Corti)
531
iii.
S> (Car-
tilage) 6odj"ox>.
oosDorv* Ao
Cavity)^,
(Nasal
(nasal septum)
/Anatomical
Structure)
SSofl
ooa.
eJ
mucus
membrane)
(Conchae) &
(meatus)
(groove)
(^Olfactory nerves)
]66o) (Ramify)
(underlying tissues) Sbtf,
682
II
(Mucous lining)
55
(Nasal
mucosa
. SQcsbtf
v.
(Pharynx or Throaty
6"
Aofi,
(Larynx)
7
1.
2. "602^ d&j'"fc
8.
4.
6.
n*jjo*eo
3S^RtfS*
(Adinoids) Arc3^ooo.
( Oropharynx ) fir 8
(Tansilectomy)^ 1
23*^0* #0*03
v. S5& (Teeth)
, 06
(Sockets)^ 6 i
CPCO (Sets') :
ft \ /
10 srs 20
&;; (Milk Teeth) Aod^cco
&o eip^ e^S ear si<bj 2
(Incisors^, 1 ^^i^ (Canine), 2
(Molars) ^TSoj>^ &OPQX>.
16 S"?S So 32
, 2
(Premolars), S
. 12-15
583
f J-O CX^^-'W <*j\_/-uw i ' - - y J -~
-.^ y"\ ^5*<K ^sf <A fLoFT^X'.-j - /T-Tvffietii^r^ 8
tfoeFco 20 3ooS> ^^cco. S 3 - ^^ ^^ A '^ (H.ygiemc)n-
o-S^ *\
8 *0- 3Ts' 4
O
<3o<&<!5
n bed) S^ rr 3 ^ fc^dTo
. 17-46 SSoi^cpo SdBbfa)^ ff (Snacks)
(Wisdom Teeth)
REFERENCES
58 AS^ Bn"^ sSD^do&D eo^J ^. Si^^ lt Helen L. Dawson. Basic Human
eo&, S3o<3 ^As5sS es^ 55*^^, (i9 ^ 500 Anatomy.
2, Catherine Parker Anthony. Text-
boo/c of Anatomy and physiology }
tf *" /cfrBor ; S.Evelyn C. Pearce. Anatomy^
ol a_ " physiology /or nurses,
' ' ' (Pulp cavity)
^ ^ a ^__ 4- Simson Hall and Bernard H. Colman.
Diseases of Nose, Throat and Ear*
6. Gray's Anatomy - 8*th Edtion.
2, &.
115. 3? tf
(PHARMACOLOGY ot THERAPEUTICS)
(Drugy-
;Pharmaco-
harmacognosy)^ 6
, Dispensing Phar-
macy)
^Pharmacutics)
(Posology)
^ej
(Therapeutics)
entry) *-
*; fRoutesof drug-
\
(Oral route) ;-
Sulphonamides ]
routed-
co "2r 5* f*B5"( Emetine Hydro
- C3 \ ^
chloride), ^ S^foS (Streptomycin)
3. &*?$&*$&) (Respiratory route) ^
(Ether) ^^^^ (Trilene)
:- (Inunction)
S .
(Rectal route) .*-
(Chenimofon)
5.5 1 (Prescription) :-
(Pharmacist)^:
586
(Untoward reactions) sS^ox> : 6c3Mt
3Q^d35(Exfoliative dermatitis)
au"!
ajS', (Chlorpromazine) 5^5 ^.S"
(Parkisonian syndrome.
S (Thelidomidej&
Heart failure)^*
( Digitalis \
j (Mycardial-contractile force^ "2s o a
(William Withering) l785fi^
5~ $^&e}$~ (Auricular fibri-
llation) a^ Sgb&S (QuinidineX [aP^S"
w^S" (Procaire-amide) S^tfdfi 3(K^o^
tfAoi$)&. F'G^tfd ^cro^*S5" (Coronary
thrombosis) <5* tf
<3$fc& "SpljSS' fHeparir,), ^^o
(Dicoumaral) sSoflad
tf^cpJDS sS^6^S" Sekfia, (^Morphine Sul-
phat) & sj*^^Cb.
(Angina Pectoris) ^
(Glyceryl Trinitrite),
(Ethyl nitrite) co STCP. "a
"S op^><5) (Petipheral circulatory
failure)^ ^^^^^^^^^(Nor adrenaline
I. v. drip) $t5y^jo;6 6" ^"^
(Hypertension)
S' (Hydralazine),
^S<5" (Polythiazide), rpgtfd&S (Guana-
thidine) eo sp^jdid:). ^c^ef 8 ^^ (Ana-
emia W ^ tfg Sehto, B g . ^sr w&^o
/ t_ v J2. CD
(Folic acid), s^^d&^^Sio (Liver exracfc'i
S'tofiaSo K
(Coagular)
(Diabetes mellitus)Sb ?SrjS (Insulin),
*6"j ^^d&S" (Chlor promide) e
CO -
X (Diuretics) :
(Mersalyl),
(Aldactone)
(Chlorthiazide).
(Low salt syndrome)
* sSxrij?Oef*tf^ SjS^S" (Antidiuretic
Harmone)& sj
( Branchial asthma ) <*
(Aminophyllin), D^?6t)S (Adrenoline
Hydrochloride)
636
II
(Emetics) o^nr,
): &CPII ^S^Syi, (Apomor-
phineY Mc&o *J35 (Sodium chloride) ,
oo8 S*tf&:a> (Antiemetics) :-
[tr'&lkS (Dramamine),
(Chlorpromazine) ex>
( Gastric
CO
antacids) :-
(Aluminium Hydroxid
!>&"
(Purgatives) :
( Senna ) ^s^J^^o (Castor oil),
S3jfi" (Sodium sulphate)
natc),
(Astringents)
^Sfi" (Bismuth Carbo.
(Kaolin).
(Vitamins) :-
A
D Dfca& d^^^^, E ?Jb
(Muscular dystrophy)
(Riboflavine),
( Nice tonic acid \ e>&
.3jau8^S (pyridoxln)&
(Liver Cirrosis);
(Scury) fif^, P &
(Central nervous Systems:
(Dexidrine) &
(Cerebrum) & 6"^a
(Psychosis)
Psychopharmo-
logical agents),
(Psychic stimulants) :
(Imipramire),
(Iproniazid)eo sSp^fcg' 5*tf^og^x> (Psychic
depression S
f^S" la^&i^cS" (Chlorpromazine),
(Respiratory Central
mulation
(Leptasol).
(Nikethamide),
(Ethyl alcohol) & All
(Central depressant) S.
SOS
(General Anesthetics) <9o4j*&. ACT u
(Ether), ^ff^S (Helothene).
(Local anesthe^
tics) esodpCa: &au g* JS" (Cocaine),
iS" (Procaine).
hypnotics):
pain)&
fMorphine)
nodyne
(Visceral
hypnotics) :-
(Paraldehyde).
(Nonanodyne
(Trional), "S>og
(Analgesics):- i
(Aspirin) S
(Irgapyrin)
ftfco&o;, (Antiepilep-
tics):
"&tfiSvtf> ( Grand mal") :
Q V \ J
fr*<3J&o(Phenytoin Sodium), j
(Phenoborbitone Sodium).
(Petitmal) : "&
fTridionV S^rS)<5o<^ fPhinacemideV
\ / *- v >
CP^P pftjff'^^aJ^fiSyeu : (Drugs of ad-
diction) : ^ctfSS cSg;
55000^
rv
nervous system).
( Autonomic
( Sympathetic iti-
mulants) : *on ao^aSOS' (Adrienaline)
(Nor adrenaline).
blockers) :
y ; (Sympathetic
(Phentolamine)j5a
. (Pheochromocytoma)
( Paresympathetic stimulants \
stigmine),^
(Para Symapathitic blockers) :
(Homeatrapinej^
; fGangliar blockers) :
( Penta methonium ),
53g(S (Malignant hypertension)
/Chemotherapy) :- be$o
(Plasmodium )
( Sir Ronald Ross IMS )
Chloroquin ) 3}Sr*
*
(Filaria) 3a ^
( Hetrazay
(Amoebic
hydiochloride),
dazole) 6j^*fib.
(M
etroni-
( Piperozire Citrate)
( Hook-worms
gjx
II
sjtf&S" (Tetra Chlorethylene )
^D^&ooesesA f Taeaiasis )&
8J \ /
(Mepacrine) EJCP).
( Urinary
antiseptics) : _ jS*&to&vx!5 (Nitro-
furantine), i>oi<5~ e^cS" ^Mandelamine).
ic&&g$ 5*35*03 (Ami tuberculosis
drugs) : l^gDfcS ( Steptomycin ),
(Isoniazide).
er'oJbS' fLamprene)o&,
laazaar)o
( Penicillin & ) &5>a5 ( Syphfllis )
rSulphonsmide'i e&j ^3
mycetin)
fevers)*,
^Typhoid
(Whooping Cough)
i"^ (EcboUcs)
afl*aff (Petocir); ^S"2oiaS
(Ergometrin). Atf^^sSsSa (Abortion)^)
(Uterine Sedatives),
(Oral contraceptives) :
(Depot Provera)
(Experimental trials)^
(Mustine hydro-Chloride^,
urinethol) &
REFERENCE BOOKS.
1. The Pharmacological basis of thera-
peutics. By Louis S. Goodman.
M. A , Ph. D., DSC and Alfred
Oilman Ph. D. 4th Edition, 1970.
Macmillan.
2. Pharmacology and Pharmaco-thera-
peutics. 3rd edition. By Satoskar
R.S., M.B.,Ph.D. and S. D. Ban-
darkar M.D-, F.R C.P. 3rd Editin,
1973. Popular Prakashan . Bombay.
3. Pharmacological principles of
Medical practice. Kranto eft Carr.
Revised by P. M, Aviado M D.
8th Edition. 1972. William Wilkins.
4. Pharmacological principles of
Therapeutics, by Oilman Ph.D.,
MD. FACP.
3-<5>o 589
TELUGU &otftfo& D. M, S. 1966.
1 2, 3, sM&Boo. By. Dr. rvO cr>o C3P8H 2.
oioe
CO
116.
(Pediatric Diseases)
12 e& 16
2.
12 ?5o=5 \6's5coo cutfs Sbooog fection^j
8. $>&og'S* eso^S^ogsSxco (Congenital
Anamolies)
i*(5 5^^o (Developing Nations)^
(Erithro Blastosis); ^o"S> sSa 3*^ ^^*^^
^Nutritional Deficiency Diseases) :
( a )
(Marasmus)
640
ii
(h)
(Protein Defiiency)
. eio
(^Kwashior Kor).
(Vitamin Dificiency Diseases^ :
iao^b ^
3fsScfl*
o-o
i6 ,i)" (Vitamin A) 8*3
o i
co L a
sifi
2.
Complex^
CO
'Vitamin B
3. & 2^)2)0^ (Vitamin C)
4. a &&<" (Vitamin D)
Cod Liver Oi
, "A
(Rickets)
Stfeo^n*
a. (E. M. P.)
541
(1) &&*> Small Pox)
(2) ^aoeJ titi (Whooping cough)
(8)
(4)
(6)
(1),
(Diphtheria)
(Tetanus)
(Polio Myelitis)
4 (Chickenpox)
(Measles)
(Small Pox) :-
Sofi^S
5^6
3 if
2, S
5,
L. Q
1.
2.
cro
*
"Si a
(Whooping cough)
( Diphtheria ) 8
(Tetanus) -
(Polio Myelitis)
(Salk's Oral Vaccine)
. tfA
642
(Diphtheria)^
fitf
SCPCP
(Gamma globulin)
(Tuburculosis)
490X)
(Primary Complex]
. Sgs
(Meningitis)rv
S'S ^^S
( B. C. G. Vaccination
V
*^ ( Stre Ptomycin),
Isonicotinic Acid\
(P. A. S.)
L. __
(Diarrhoea)
i
Q
CO CO
(Turgorp
643
matism)
5, 6
(Rheu-
12
(Carditis).
(Chorea)
(Convulsions -Febrile and Epilepsy)
COJ
a-
dS
2, 8
10, 12
"ig
e t;\?S), 53 6
; 2 3,
7 '
4, 5,
S'o'S)
-^e
10, 12
esS'O
f Round wormsj
^Hook worms), &
(Thread worms or whip worms
ooo
g'oa/^da
544
II
j<l.e&tf /Anaemia)
0>
)
co
93 3eD&o<3
(Iron
Drops)
117.
(lafectious Diseases; Parasitic Diseases, Outline of Tropical Midicine)
&Sg)0 (Anti Bodies) S5o
C3
(Lymphocytes)
sSotf
fcA,
oGo (Autoimmune
Diseases)
(Inoculat-
ions), d5s*o3 (Vaccinations)
ex) SSitfon"
g&aeo is eo (Phenyle) 5TO
i!) 50
(Typhoid)
(Carriers)
6" ^)S)(
(Tetanus)
(Spores)
(85)
645
50
38X GPSboCT' "&&)6S
CfiDfi).
(Diptheria) :
(Small Pox
j
. SO
(Vaccination) l^?i)^?6^ s^a 3
. 8
646
a, "I
(Poliomyelitis)
aj&<*o&o<3. ^6 3
(Rabies)
1 2
&o6. 2, 8
ii
10-14
fc^
(Malaria)
^
5*8)05
(Amoebiasis)
(Cyst) ^
S*fl^ocp
(Filariasis)
B47
(Ascariasis)
S"*oS
(Hook worms)
8,^
118.
"So
srtf*
5.
. tf
(Absorb)
(Pancreas) |jSSoS)
648
II
(Level)
V 7
(Tissue)
, rTeso, (Primary
and Secondary)
\
_ (Tendency^,
"ft) 5J*JTo( Mechanism)
(Common precipating factors).
(Endocrine glands)
(Micturition), o
^Oiotftfo
(Giddiness),
(Gangiene)
(Coma)
(Fatty Acids) ^ acrffco
Sfcs|tfo*
(Bovine)
1 e^oco
(Plain)
( Hypoglycaemic )
5tf8Bo (Cell)^S
649
(Obesity)
(Fat Sythesis) e5Sj6
(Economically)
(Ingested)
JScpoS' 060^0
c (Fat Cells) rr= ^
(Hypertension),
( fenfluramine )
3,
(Gout)
(Metabolic)
lex)
(Acute Arth-
ritis)
53
(Hereditary Diseases)
or? r
(Albinism)
.(Haemophilia) tf j
560
(*)
(Melanin)
5. tf
(Hypertension)
tfSo 130
(Hyper-
tension^
(Arterioles)
( Amplitude
of Pulse) "5)Q&*6ofi. S><
( Pressure oscillations ) #&&
(Damp) so&o$)
II
(Mechanism)
^0*3
Sfcrf,
Serpentine) ?o^,
. a.
(Rawolfia
119.
e.S'
1600-2500
(Kidneys)
(Ureters)
dder)
(Urethra)
(Bla.
(Ureters)
^^ (Urethra)
551
90
jgQ fei 06^ "5r*ti>'Nn o &o& 50
>. 10
dS '(Chronic
Glomeruld
S
<t>
8 15, 16
CO
ronic
Glomerulo Nephritis) :
. 83tf;ia, S^oCsba-;,
- ' -* " " (Acute
Glomerulo Nephritis)
;
1600 ^oa
800, 600
652
II
(Specific Gravity)
, rfl
a
(Casts)
20^40 b.n.
__
kidney)
(Bladder)
e&e5SMC :-
, 6
(Artificial
(Pelvis)
a.
,
(E. Coli)
&& s
4 t i
Pyelonephritis) :^
(Chronic
. fi^fl
(Nephrotic Syndrome) :
(Diabetes)
(Diuretics) 5j"dfcS3&.
663
:- 60
6.
120.
oo
I.
1200
(Biggest Labo-
ratary of the body)
Sfi&Sa,
^Sw",* 1 " J
JF^&L-' .
Vv<&fe
-r ' "I
ii.
iii.
iv.
656
2.
, P. A, S.
3.
i. s^^cCD cC^^T (Cirrhosis)
(Fibrous tissue)
: L
; 2.
; 3.
:, 4.
(Bile)
5.
812' --
(Folic Acid)
cfctfo
(A vitaminosis)
K,
$&&&
K
656
6.
66%
it
(Fatty liver)
7.
II,
eo o
, 2 S^
(Cancer)
(Aflotoxin)
(Spleen)
120
cule - endothelial) sSgicS
v
3
(Reti-
(Infections)
ii.
667
iii.
8000
( Leukemia )
G> CD
( Chronic myeloid Leukemia )
F9<3. sjoii ib^&o 10
iv. diip^ (Jew) &*&
ital errors of Meta-
bolism),
v,
(Rhe
umatic Heart Disease) :
(Bacterial Endocarditus)
v.
lenomegaly ) :
(Tropical sp-
53*68
(Hyper Sple-
nism) 5oi ^cii'i:.
^^ (Spltnectomy)
O CO
III.
(Lymph Glands)
(Lymph) &&Q> tf
(Lym-
phocytes)
.
658
iii.
o o
(Congenital Errors of
Metabolism) :
5
. fia^
IV. Anaemia (tf
3^653^000 260
CO
.
.
iii.
ex>
CO
S
iv.
(Haemorrhage)
v. "Si
4,5
(Red
morrow) &o>
f _.
12
(Deficiency Anaemia)
90%
80
659
, SPO
(Piles) o-gfi^&
OS^SdSofSo^ (Infancy)^ 8 ^
8j&SSa*sSsSaiSo tf
Folic acid)
B ,,
12
(Vit B,,,
Anaem-
ia).
(Pernicious Anaemia) -
(Folic acidi
80-120 SfVeo
tf JS ?oood6sSx) (Haemolysis) ^
(Red Marrow)
( Abnormalities )
(Thalassaemia), l
ell Aneamia) '
(Haemoglabiiis Pathies)
(Antigens)
(Antibodies)
tf
ow) 8*
Red marr-
660
II
C5
.
<P oj U
0*0-* g^Sxw. S6[jfcSae
STgr
S. C&5\
cjflxsSca
OP. d.
121.
(PS YC H I A TR Y)
a
s'iSb.
tfSn-fc,
S)^ 3fio
681
1. vStfg" o
3*g<5aeo (Organic psychiatrical
disorders)
2. wfitftf
(Functional psychiatric disorders)
(Psychosis),
disorders),
subnormality)
(neuroses),
(Pschyo somatic
? && (Mental
*> ~*
( Anxiety reaction),
(Neurotic depression),
l^ a ^^ (Obsesive^compu
sive reaction), aotf^ (Hysteria)
(Schizophrenia)
^^g (Manic Depressive Reaction)
(Personality Disor-
E?a?Scon
(Autonomic Nervous System)
3^?5 (Migraine) l fitftf;;Se8a(Peptic ulcer)
fi9SSn (Ulcerative colitis),
(Neuro dermatitis)
562
II
(Endogenous -
tftfj$&>;5& So
(Exogenous
s
syg&co
122.
a Q
(Fibrin)
therapy),
therapy )
(Electric shock
(Behaviour
(Family therapy)
(Occupa-
tional Recreational),
(Group therapies)
(Psychological
Testing)
(lymph),
|jrjf
(Collagen Fibres)
68
CPn cb.
123.
a.g'fl,
1.
2.
(Cancer)
8.
4.
64
.
u
^Cobalt)
124.
[Surgical Diseases of both Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
and Acute Head Injuries with their Pathology and Management].
(State of conciousness)
5 Sfc*
(Regeneration) Bd6 s cpB s-fc, c3*e3 w^?* \**> C^QO^Q*. SJOA
(Victor.Horsely),
(Harvey Gushing),
.. . (Waltes Dandy)
(property) ^
,
(Bony
<D
Cavities)^ a^jo
^o
( Neuro-surgeon )
6^ (Isotopic
Scanning)' esSSs^^ (Ultra - sonic) ^d
( Sound echoing ) ; ^c^^
5 (Electro encephalogra-
phy.) 3vjf) &t53tr^S) (Electro rayogra-
phy)
r J/
"I. S5.
(Physical Structure) n
, (Anosthesiology),
*^o(NeuTo-physiology), 2 "
t)0 (Bio- chemistry), s?gfl
(Pathology) SSoa 5^S^ ^A?6 *
6,
3
o
65
L
Sr?5s:S64 8
spSSoff* 60%
^6^), ^^^.E
^odxofi. 8ao6s'oSS)otfaff 8 l,
666
II
(a)
(b)
osis)
So
(Hydro Cephales)
08*
(c) "3j^8J*SSw S^
S^SiSSw (Spinal meningoceles and
myeloceles)
(d)
cts
(Vascular defe-
5.7
03*. S5. c5.
tf
"S.
, sS
(Operating microscope)
(Epilepsy)
tumour)^
^a (Brain
OBtf^
iii.
(Haemorrhage)
o&S
3, cS^S jSoiJf <3o63u (Infections)
"i ^
co e
3fi) n*cftr*e (Open eaex ^PQ'd'eaori , tf^tf^ 4 &>_) S3,
wounds) J)C
fief
<vO
(Chronic Infections) s$o
(Anti - biotic)
" (Tuberculomas)
(Vertebral column)
o
23 5o*^S
o
(Coverings) So
ii. iSsSpCJo wOA^acSBoO 9^d'?5 0)8 (Arachnoiditis)
E68
sr
4.
mours)
^L.B^
gid) ^
(Spinal tu-
&%
(Ri.
(Malignant)
23*^0*
(Secondary)
(Meningiomas),
(Benign)
"S. R?- sS.
II
(glial)
(gliomas)
(Parkinsonism')
/
(Gait)
(Stereotoxic) &3
. &as3*tf& e
(Three Dimensi-
onal)
(Surgical control of pain)
sjos
sS [oSeao (Cervix cancer),
669
i (Peripheral Nerves) s*
(Cranial)
'f^SSifrS 1 (Neuralgia^
._ .. - ( Prolongations ) Aodroa, 6 ^e&25
< - -'^~ n -" -^i-v^ Sd'co
(Spasms)
125.
S'Ooti
[5Sx)Co tf j^tf'&cio CJ-^CP
. tf&tfcrtfg&o
670 >fis$Ai II
C8 O
a
iv.
ii.
so
1.
ii
83:65*01
3o<3
6-12
671
i
fic^So
40,000
iii.
ts
rftf^sS*
II
ii.
eon*
34
'co 2p;frot3cSpr>,
A
126.
( Orthopaedic diseases of surgical importance )
1. ea^&tf, fSo^^bti B cps>?eo (Con-
genital and acquired deformities).
2. "Si&rtbtfo (development),
(Deficiency) 9*n-o>.
8. d'SD^&oD (Traumatic lesions). >a
(Fractures)
4.
5,
6.
lesions ).
&CQ) ( Inflamatory
(Neoplastic lesions)
tissue lesions)
(Congeni^
tal Talipes Equino Varus-CTEV).
(forefoot) ScyoLjoeS>T B IO(Adduct)
(Planter flexion)
ton*
8" a
(manipulative technique)
. sitoS5o<S
i. aa^fctf ct&&e> (Achondroplasia):
& Q ^ Q
&
6 rv ^otoofi. s*^) SSCPJ, tS&eo*.
. fifi,
<D 83
Osteodystrophy)
( Chondro-
2a.
sS2Sa (Dyschondroplasia)
674
II
Aclasis)
(Metaphysical ii. cS^Sg (doefcetoo-Scurvy.):
iii. wft
Imperfecta :-
Osteogenesis
iv, ^o&g' ^aBsStftf (Fibrous Dyspal.
( Fibrous
tissue)
2b.
i.
D
Sbo
sSo
(Gastro Intestinal
Tract)
D
(Restless)
tfSaS (Flabby)
D
(Balanced diet)
. too (Splints)
^fc,
(Endothelium)
iii. ^
(Ostroporosis) :-
(Anabolic
harmones) ?&,
3,
Fractures)
(Traumatic lesions) j.
(Violence) So
(Forci-
ble Solution) 3
(Fracture) ^oirCb.
08
wftifo^o
1.
or closed) :-
(Simple
676
2.
or Open) :-
(Compound
3.
(Pathological :-
(Secondary) n* q
4. a,jg<3 (Stress) :-
CO <J>
(dissolution)
(Cortices) fir 6
(*Green stick' fracture)
. ;3X>ioe>Sb esifi
co to
- (8) S
(Loss of function), (4)
Stf (Crepitus) (6)
(Abnormal mobility) (7j
tenderness)sjD-^e
:, (1)
^
(6)
?6o
^ (Local
( Healing of fractures ) : 9
: (1)
^&siD (Haenatoma) Jitf^teo, (2) ^fo
(Splints) ^fo
(Sedative)
2^3 (Institutional Treat-
ment) : X-
tfsSgo. s-a
(Mani-
pulation)
Femur)
(Neck of the
8 Si
cy OCJ
tions of fractures) :
(Complica-
5
00
1.
2.
8.
4.
S.
6.
7.
8.
9.
^^(Sso^^injury)
(Infection).
&5
(Malunion)
-traumatic
Ostro Dysjrophy).
0, wfo?*^ (Myositis
' "
676
ii
11. a^&&S*a;S iSj (Stiff joints).
12. ^Sc?^ [tfspSS^a ( Reactionary
Edema).
18 tfr) Se^drSrfo ( Involvement of
Joints).
14. S$xnep& SK^ (Epiphysis),
15. t&Mtf tf sTsfeseoSStf ( Avascular
& _* *
Necrosis of bone).
16. ik^otftfjjfo (Fat Embolism),
(Massage)
o co
(Primitive)
4.
lesioas) :-
^SStfo) 6*0*
genic Organisms)55c
(Inflammatory
(Patho-
(Infection)
ic), ii.
(Spcific).
,
s-
,
i,
(Syphelis).
(T. B.),
ic Osteomye^
letis) :- &rexrt> (Marrow)
(Acute)
(Bed rest) a&
( Sub - Periosteal abscess )
(Incise)
eletis) :-
(Chronic) g*^go
(Chronic Osteomy-
18^0
L.
5*A
CO
(Sinuses)
677
&&c$eo (Complications j
1. S*rf$0rf ^fotforpoo (Pathological
<&
Fractures)
2. f5^2jo T) &o$o<Sbe> c^pd&sscSS' [
(Pyogenic arthritis of nearby joints)
8, |jS^o[tf3rc&# (F c al sepsis)
4. <3&"i^x> (Deformities).
(Supportive measures)
(Bony anhylosis)
(Excision) 3S) n*),
(Fusion)
ItfSb
o
SPg&ew (Syphilitic afflictions of bones
and joints): $3
(Acquired)
$"7?
(87)
s^Sbocr, 505*^01
lesion)
(\fi (Primary
(Secondary) rv
ITS ^dSb fT. B.) ^KS
C3 \ /
(Organism) s5o
(Inhalation) CP^CP rvfc,
gestion) CP^CP r^S)
tion) sSo
(In-,
mplanta-
R) o*g<3)
, wotffc
678
09^
oe e> SPJ&& ^OaSS'o' tfoxoE?>. e
i, Sbofi
Aoe!>
irto^sj^ (Rhumatoid arth
ritis) : ^^)^ Ig^^j ^^) ^p^^saon
o w^h i6
oL o
(General),
(Local) w
6
!o$o^ (O-.teo arthritis) :-
" v CO '
&>o&exi INHi PAS.
083 " "- -^--= -i^^^ (Acalgessics) A,
(Shortwave
diathermy)
s*^:. 1&<53*#' oD^j. i&a2focii o?SsSr\ibco (Bone tunio
o
urs)
579
(Malignant)
(Benign),
tf }
8
tf s
t,
SPG
CO 63
S^5
CD
ea co
09 * L.
(Penosteal fibrous tissue)
53- <?^ 3 i&Sra* (P.ediliction
ei L \
( Amputation of mfeli )
otfcg*
( Metastasis ) "
SSOONO; (Affcrations of Nerves):
88>e)
Zj
(Policmyelits)
(Cerebral Palsy)
S5)S. er
S (Motor System) Sa^SS
eorve^ i^.S
^Physiotherapy
SsJOff'^ti
680
CO
12T.
oo -
(Nasal cavity)
(Orbit)
brane),
(Mucous 03 eiru
( Extra ocular )n- AS >
O(j
ScSfio[tf3^ Aobo^. tf&tfpfij (Orbital
cavities)
^Stffib, "^i-^ (Sclera) t*3 il
(Fibrous tissue)
Aodxofi
S'd^dtScp
(Highly vascular)
(Uveal tissue)
(Ciliary body), 8D6S,
(Diaphragm)
(Protective mechanism) r?
srrv
(Inner. mos t) n* A^ETd "2:fib'B<5a
(Rods), tfo&S&eo (cones)
( End organs of sight )
^Aeao,
(Nerve fibres)
(Optic Nerve)A
(Cranial cavity)^ [o55oi "^3& (fuse)
( Optic chiasm )r?
S (Distribution)a^
dfio^tf tf5.^ ( Binocular vision )
^tf ( Cerebral
cortex)^* ^|lf^odb?6o<3
(Anterior chamber)
iaJsSo (Aqueous Humour)
68*
(Cavity)a*
(Vitreous)
Gelly)
1.
1.
2.
c6\3^ g'ioS'sSai 7.
9.
11.
13.
8.
5.
8.
10.
12.
16. a'St-W c*d&iS*eS 16
- 65 Q *~
ootfo^i 19. sSjsr 20.
21. Jj^o* 22. ie^fifi 28.
24. ^^^S^ji" &o^6"2S 25.
g-o^^^c 28,
27. coar "?rao^^ as
17.8)6
to
(Photophobia)
1.
(Visual acuity) ;-
(aj
Diitant
vision)
(b) 7
^ /
18
^j tf^gt (Near vision)
rforftfo,
, wdaeo ScdD^o,
2. ^ tftf^i (Colour vision):,.
(Shades)
3.
&|Jf&9 (Field of vision) :-
SbtfS^ss*, tfoft SS&Sgj JbfiJS sr
4.
(Darkadoptation):-
582
II
5 S&cSou dfotftf tf^ft (Binocular
vision with depth perception) :-
(Pacultyj
"36^0
eye-lick) :- 2?
^0^63
(Diseases
of the conjuctiva) :-
o
nea) :-
^Types of Opacity)
CJ ej
So
co
( Diseases of the s ^ OJ ur y) ^3.
55*^03,
ft
<J> <J>
(Curvature)
40
(Diseases of the Cor- &A tfo^tfo (Presbyopia) &3 fo?
o, ESe
588
iO (Glaucoma):
(Drainage)
^5500^0 S
(Unilateral watering)
, 20
Aoofion-
/Myopia)
^0053*5^
(Hoirzontal and Vertical
medians) ^,
fi**d&, ^^s-tf (Spherical and
cylindrical) f5odS^fiS ^^^ (Com-
pound Spectacle lens) &
684
II
(Squint) :-
) IP 013.
^t^
2,
ocular)
3,
(Extra
6
Ssg-tftfo, SPto,
(Defective adaptation for night vision)
wjftfeo
CO
a a,
128.
sSg).
, tf
585
a
1,
2.
8.
3D>aaA ^otoofi.
er ol
, S'Soj Stfrffco,
*
06 sjg^&S* S5g_
0* a*
5S6
II
fiS", [So5" dfrfflbS
baa*
e) o
w\ a.
v
ip )
L
II.
ftSo Stffl,
2.
8.
4.
(n0
So
3S,
587
( TfcSlbdSS
\ ^ '
o BS,
"2:6 A
8, "I
1.
2,
8.
IIL
SStffc&o,
CD
, 3$& f
SIS'
0,
&S
- oL
. J)
. 2)00
CO
SSieiSiodb
129.
3*6;
(i Sjr^ 600
1794
oo as
rfh|*:fco S^jeo,
690
II
CO 63 83
168*
. esj^fiiff*
tfo
& So
CO C 83
So^fifiSSSb
591
S
we
rfp
a, tf
SS tD 5
692
ii
1. Eric W, Peet & T. J. S. Patterson.
"The Essentials of Plastic Surgery".
Blackwell Scientific Publications.
1968.
2. Samuel Tomon : "Cosmetic Surgery**
J. B. Limincot Company. 1980.
8. Sir Harold Gillier & D. Ralph
Millard : "The Principles and Art of
Plastic Surgery" Vol I & II. Little
Brown & Co. 1967,
4. P. Kutumbaiab : " Ancient Indian
Medicine". Orient Longmans Com-
pany. 1982.
130.
(1) 53sSg &^<&6&o (External hernia).
(2) ^a>^?*S (Appendicitis)
() fc^ifc& (gall badder) 5Vex>.
(5) T6& Ll3K:
(malignant) sS
I.
- (i)
(hernia*
- 90*6
(ii)
(ST J
698
CO CX
(Complications)
(Complicated)
1.
2.
AoflfdfsS f
(Obstructior) S
(Strangulation)
S5on,
(Uncomplicated)
(88)
ulcer)
(Peptic
(Acid pepsin) S)SS&^
tf^djjtJ (mucus membr-
ane)
2.
(membrane)
sjfi
eo
j
2.
5
694
II
8.
tfo :-
s:
(Dy-
srepsia)
1,2
( hypoacidic )
1.
2.
8.
(Heart-burn)
(Water brash)
(acid eructations)
coo
>o&>)SSo
1.
2,
(Haemorrhage) :
(ab-
dominal cavity)
8.
(stenosis) :
4.
chaoge)
( Malignant
696
(antacid)
(antispasmodic)
(complications)
; (Adomi-
nal emergencies);
abdomen) e^
82
57?
3.
(Intestinal obstcuction)
1.
dicitis)
2.
8.
550i
L_
4.
of gut);
(sigmoid)
6.
6.
tftfo.
5^ as^s
(Acute appen-
(tumours) s5o Stf^S
(Intussusception).
(Volvulus
II.
(Appendicitis)
(Appendix)
696
(blind diverticulum)
(Lymphoid follicles) &o&r>oo>
8367?
og, 9 a &eorv
croorganisms)
(mi-
f*$
10-30
(acute)
(abdominal emergencies)
( mid line or umbulical region )
(right iliac fosso)&
(sore acting)^
2.
8.
&&
11
S'fi?!
(lumens) sSir>R
a <p
(lympoaodes)
687
r a
- 40. 60 ^oiie'iicfc 53e ; i^tfogfofi"* rib Sib
f
5. tf ^ r\Feagt tJA, tf _
""" ^ "" "* 2. "S&dSiQ
^^ (Gastro.intestinal track)
7.
8. fttfo c&ofl tfo g-tfrfo
9.
& Q *J
10. ^oa .-^flfld. a^*K- stn.xfesfl 5 - ^^^ ^O (Chemotherapy)
O
40 i5oSrf>oo:- "Jbe^ai 5)S5? S" f^, 4 o
131. So fi SJQ $) CO
3 dJp,
: 0)
(ii) ^MO^ /<tf ^^ ^od, (iii)
' (iv)
I. cSsT'ow (Syphilis) :
598
II
21
35
10
90
(Microscope)
8 &o A 8
^ (Mucous membranes) Tbtf
^^) Siig^^ e^c^:^.
j?S$&X(Wasserman test)
II* "S> (Gonorrhea) :
10
III.
Venerium) :
2 e^fije
" (Lympho granuloma
^ e?S f5p^[flSb (virus)
8
(Lympha-
dunopathy-Buboes )
IV.
(Chancroid)
*00*^ c6o|^!!bot&f&>.
(Lymphnode
V.
loma inguinale) : sjfi
&>
II. McS^o[fid&
132.
tf es fi & B99
(Carcinoma of cervix uterus)
: ca^ii
(cervix)
600
ii
(1)
|_So<3
(3)
(5) (6) (7) (8)
. (9)
SSdajtofl (Pituitary),
(Hormones)
28, SO
3 ^ 4 5*
83-0
2-
4-
(1)
(5)
. 2
(2)
(6)
fi>oejC6. eifl
10.18.
(Fertilised ovum)
(Placenta)
ftoi^^S
26 "8)0. &>.
O
40
E0.8
81.90 jn*. (7
98
801
g" X 2" X 1"
12" X 9" X 8" 35
(Os)
. 18 s^
(Pelvis)
36
. 40
CO
3
60S
II
Cal-
cium)
(Metabolism)
2400
OifSb,
cs
al
(Proteins)
(Minerals)
tf&$ (Haemo
globiD) i)tf^^ 35^.^0 (Iron), ^_|
(Folic acid)
(Calcium), oi,
Vitamins \ s5
S 0X^*
00
3-4
srn*
(Septic)
r?fe, SbffS 5
(Complications of Pregnancy and
labour) :
Cj 63
(Vesicular mole) &orfs$ficrfc.
( Eclopic pregnancy )
(Toxaemias of pre-
gnancy and eclampsia)
o a
608
(Rupture ut-
erus
- 7
. [Ref : V.M.
Bedeker's essay in the Annals of the
Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute,
afl SWsS- M T VoL XLV ( I - IV )1-
OJCs) fvO W t^J?A) oJ oJ c\} v ' \
133.
(Anatomy and Physiology of Female and Male Sex organs; Reproduction;
Diseases; Genetic diseases.)
1,
2.
1.
2,
8.
4.
5.
6.
1.
8.
(Labia Majora)
. fLabia Mineral
v /
^Entrance to Vagina)
^Entrance to Urethra)
(Anus)
(Clitoris)
(Perineum)
0-30* rttf^
a- 5
(Hymen)
(Cancer)
I
II.
1.
2.
8.
4,
(Cervix)
(Uterine cavity)
(Vaginal cavity)
(Uterine tubes)
(Ovaries)
6.
7.
(Bladder)
^ (Rectum)
(B-^ny pelvic)
605
a (Bladder) (Pituitary)
(kidneys)
13 g^ 14
gens),
foestro-
(Progestarones) &
(28 ^
tion
It
III.
(Scrotum)
1. r
8. fcsaap&a (Vas Jeferens)
4. btfeitfod (Seminal vesicle)
6* "So tf Sfo> /Penis)
6. S$a|ja**'3$ (Urethra)
7. &3 | Pirce&&> Bladder)
8. btfg ^o^i^^sSa (Va Deferens)
15 3$ 16
16
14
70 $3 75
40 ^^ 45
A B
-0
1. tfe> (Head)
2. 3oA (Neck)
8. ^5" (Tail)
(ovum):
(cell).
(Fertilisation)
60?
(saliva)
(Acid)
?6cC)o
"2)8
V. 2)03*^^8 ( Development of
Foetus) :
28
eo2rSi) ea
18 ^^ 14SS
(Fertilisation)
(Zygote) c3
(Embryo)
7 5*8?^, 33 280
40
(Placenta)
6
vi e
a co
tf
608 Senas' II
tf
. 9 $3 10
S^ff 8
brtS db^o
, i S^SSSS*^ <23>GP3 2.
1 L 65 J
br^^ iKo^oo?^ ^&w^)
(Prola-
ctin)
UJ > * <>
o a
3.
g
6.
6.
609
2,500^
5?
16
1.
2,
(Genes) AS^O, ^8
b 53g&
25
^) Son*
CO
( Alkaptonuria)
8.
4. tf
(D abetes Mellitus).
6. s&toS'a* &j*rf3$efc (Deaf Mutism).
7.
coo&s
134.
(Histoty of medicine)
(Trephination)
tfo
^eijeo (Witch
(89)
810
II
(Sorcery)
S&aefif*
.^j Socoa.
(Healing)^
(Hygiea), sS
B3 ^
(Panacea)
(Hippocrates),
(Physician). 3
pocratic Oath)
(Hip.
) ^5^ [SS&aSoatfa.
o [_^)e;go ^{[tfoff 1 S^^^OD ^
fiJe'SjjCo, &s-8c6^ ^3^5
(Caesarian Section Operation)
^(5g (Preventive medicine)
Sfi^oSo^tfb. n-SS
.
1200
s
renaissance)
(Pre-
tf8*.cS
CT
. 1084, fir 1
611
6ier?5 (Observation)
5
(Renaissance)
(Paracel-
sus
(Fallopius).
g*ft (^Dissect)
f 1614- - 564V n*35
\ /
^^ (Anatomy)
(1678-1657) tf^
5
1788
nation)
ursSeaSoo (Obstetric Forceps)
(1660-1681) 3tfd3
Digitalis)
1775 ^r* 3c&o
^^rv^ (Scurvy)
(Fresh Lime) s&o& 9&
. 18 2S
(Vacci-
19
(Anaesthesia) sp^fco
(Laughing Gas)e5S)
c&>. ^. 5. ^f*o aptfj w
1848 ^ sSs^ &O&T? ^8^5" (Ether)
g^ R>oS3^
. 1853 $
Anaesthesia)
19
(1822^1876)
830^0
(Rabies)
(Bacteriologist)
(Robert Koch), i
(Antisepsis)
x ~
ib^ (Wilhelm -
Konrad Roentgen)
. 1903
(E.c.G.) a
((Wasserman Reaction) 1906
. 1914 a 4
(Antitetanic Serum)
612 SarS&aS' II
(Aschhiem and -
Zondek) e$& sptfejo 19285* K^^a e 5es rtise&JO ( [1. S&* 824-300
(Pragnancy Test) S'&fPsy^ So. esc&;6 sfc&c&ci S ^^So^f I.S&*. 272-282)
ou ^ ^1
K. eo (Antibiotics - ctir'cdacBa
i. 1929
fT
. 1944 . . ____. ......
G9 t_ Q
(Ming Ti) ?5i^sSa Sr*o?6
, "& dj'ToS^^S^^dx) ^^^ dtlpodS (\&. $. 58-76 s fc^rS:
' \L. /
O
Lo3 " "* -^ ^ - *
( Transplantation of Organs ) <3&7>& ^clS L A"
(Deciphering of genetic code) 3 tfpo <
8,9,
, "3
*~~
613
' ' - - *> <j>
4. sb&"3 sgo.
5,
__cOD oJO Cu PJ cruuuJULt \tv
-g, _ 3 CO CO tJ Q
v_ Q &* _^.-J!v * -se^fft uf my* *x . ^^i^n
(High. Dilution) a
^ODD^ ir^orv
JSd&o SdSbtfoQS Gf*/? e
135. a
(Nutrition, Normal, and Abnormal - Including Obesity and their Management)
2.
3
4,
6.
eu as^fi&tf ii
er
2000.2500 as^oSo f
4000
"Icfio tf
2.
wo&fio.
ex>
CO
fStf&otfdfo
3b?i),
3oi
L.
, 7^ S)S^, "^r* C^SN
. ssS'O
o
(Marasmus)
io 25)?^ Ifc^oa^
x
e/
)(3tf&BeO ^
3,
tf&otfo'B
feO-60
", 2).
I.U.J
616
s^tfff,
3000. 5000 9o. cSSop
200 ft$o 4 o&p. o
1-2
20 ^.n.
(1)
616 SfiVKAftK' II
(8) &*$&3&zrt 3X56^
(4) &<
I*
s5 _
e^ioiSdj Sorf liiJ^o esot^im ^^ 80.120
5.
too
SiD
(2) |
617
tffitf fine* si?
30
500
SoA^ftao
A
150-300
2.6
Sfotf^aSb
gig J)ar*c56fc5 II
Inability) ,
$
^S 8*2^43,
(Metabolic Dis-
orders)
2-i (Abdominal H.roia), ft
ej
(Obesity)
60-60 .
lOO.O L n-. S'S'^ eSrJceo, 40-45
fijoe&oo, 3>5a.43-5 (Pbenmetrazi^
ne) - <XT- "Soifo
(Fenfluromm),
3o^3^ {frbtifrS (Diethyl Propion)
(Physical
619
[SoS
(Prevention)
(8)
(Extra calories)
(Dietician)
CPn
136.
301)
(Micology)
(Algae)
L
wall)
membrdne)
3. g'es) tfjSsS^ (wS". ^S". 5) ^cytopl
asm).
4. "3
6.
6.
7.
8.
(Rhibosome^).
- . ^S. S),) (Nucleus)
CP (flagella\ .
CO /
(capsule)
(fimbriae)
620
. ^8 "3
t*-
(antigens)
*L f (O)
^ (vi) esc ASS,
( Core antigen or rough -
II
antigen).
(ancibod esj
(grams stain)
(Ziehl Neilson stain)
_
"oiccoS SSe? ,
63 CO
, 2,
1. sp
G)
Endocarditis) :-
eS S3
5Sp|cn*
( Bacterial-
\
2)6
Sodaoa.
j. g
cs-
ia c murmurs)
10
(Pneumococvis)
C 6
(Tonsils)
^
'ftaS (Sinusitis))
(Menigitis):- fo
5^9(3 Oflfl
(Gonorrhea) :- S_
2.6
tftfgco
621
(Conju-
nctiva)
(endocervix) <&otfg_
Sc&^oca,
\S5
tO
. dp"&3 5,
*_. o
(Enteric Fever) :-
I*
(Ulcer) iSc tf j
S 250 Sto.in.
(Whooping cough) :-
12-15
(Whoop) S&oS. ofl 90 r*o
(lymphocytes) Aofcoa
si&pgS -aff-
une_r-globulin) 2 a>.8
3
622
$3756.
iecJir- e^ c
s*oo -
S^sStfo,
5^
85"
(Tetanus) :-
2-6
(Fits)
(Cholera) >
(Vibrio cholerae)
it
4-8
20
4 i
(Tuberculosis) :-
. i5. (P. A S) ST^o-ec o-C3S2)
'o
(Leprosy) :-
3-
2>Ctyffao
0-50-
3_a
(Dapsone)
50 SoC)
(Fungal
Diseases) :- &SS*
:- 3
3 dS K?6i?Sjn tl O'ex) Sfcrfrfefl (folded)
a 0> v /
Ao&rofi.
55
ao .aas
s^co 10 o^e^co Soon & ?3oS5
(hvdrophobia)
, 40
2.
(ImnuDisatioc)
tftfeo
623
(measles) :. Ass <9oSctfsoo
(maculopapular)
(ra&h)
e^eso. 3sb f
0(23 3 (Spo
^0^0(55,
55 o
O
5^^ a?a.
estftf
sjo&oSb
;-
07?
o
84 afisa5> n
HP
&ft5&, 1. S.ITT. 25
10 &*.#
a.a.a tf,
CD
-co
0.6 in*. "abodp^o, R)d^ ^rn <* ,_ _
L e ' ILL) ojo.irs , o
S <59O QtO^^Q, n
* ^ * (Jiis^or^ d
6
A^oJ 2 '
fCardiac insufficiency^ ^ycy ^ctxioS. !L *
\ y
8.
( Round worm \:~ ^"^^.5
5. iJArS 53*3
iu oJ& |r^ B 62/3 cs, co jitv cue y,-.^ pjj'ta'UA/trf' ^
' cr 5 4
o3fibf5/T 53d3 Sj(S t^/\Jr^boi3. ^ ^o
n S5oS
CO
6
tfo&Soo;
(Toxicology & Medico-legal Proce-investigation-importance)
*eo ^,
cology),
sjg'^.ei L3 (Drug)
(Pois-jnj
(Toxic)
rv
(40)
of
626
$*
S^j ('Medico-legal Proce-
dure-investigation and Importance):
, O^tfSo, tfjfc
CO ^- S)
tJdoo
on*
S_^gS)^?5o (Forensic Medi-
cine or Legal medicine \
^Medical Jurisprudencej
62T
a,* i
,
^ eJdjf
.Forensic) S ^g^^^o ^063-
138.
6\ SS 3 ai
^-.J a
(Medical ethics)
CD
(gondors)
. 153 rs-ooS*, SJk woDDiu-wiow. 80,000
S^
628 a^cSfiiS' II
er-
s$a?Scp (Space env-
ironment) feo
12
cable) r
*" ~ & c^jge>\55Ao S
SofiS
ooei ^^so(acceleration)
So
(Physiology):
100% esSNeaS" ^<?S"^, ^c^'d'ra I.
(tension)
d
(strain)
ure receptors),
spindles)
r x
^O:' (Press-
-'muscle
(otoliths)
2.
629
$ -jo (Shirp turns)
8. #&> (Radiation) -
JoSadS
Motor
activity)^
II. #6*0 (Acceleration)
1. tf
O),
2. ^
, sSseJosr(Pressure reflexes)^
3. *i5
ocj (vital capacity) ff 8 /6
680
II
(foot ward)
: 1. "5*
(vagus';
2, ^sSbO-a
venou
(arterio
(perfusion) ^r^d
3.
(Hydrostatic)
(discomfort)
III.
nces) :
1. &C? s*oo
(mental disturba^
(Indirect
reticular activation) ^Scoop, ^5*^$)
(direct cortical activity)
(non-ictegrated)
IV. S'^
vacsular disorders^
(cardio.
StiB (cardiac infraction^;
(enmbolisation) s5e r?^
(hypoxia)
V.
(strain)o^o
1.
2.
3.
4.
endicitis)
6.
entero -colitis)
VI.
VII.
ADH,
intestinals);
(stress),
(irritable colon),
(accute app.
(Necrotising
^^es (fluid electrolyte) sS&^ex) cs
VIIL Q^tf SjSb2e :- "Sooo^gS,
StfoSStfoSb 3otS^ ^0^6^
(adaptation^)
631
20 000 3n 0,000
foSd'ss (stress immobilisatiom
i '
L
( orthostatic hypotension )
cular)
. 2
(electrolyte
24
IX-
35
Sj <^o^. (14.7
\
2900
<3 600L
L 1kg)
o
ar sieve
, 3^5"
5/T
TPulmonary Ventilation)
(Pulmothorax)
(gas embolism),
139.
(Radio Therapy Including Cancer
Chemo - Therapy)
2.
S
8.
tf Jf S S^o&.
3 tfgfia
"3
V J
4.
Jioeo.
__ cO
3
25
CO
S3*?)
688
jisSb 8-4
^ .__ -^ ,, ww _ _ y _ ^^ fTo&3' r '& 1 S^-Stfr (Voice-
Box
\.
LJ
3. (e
1.
2.
8, (g>*
4. A
5. oo>3* i (Kcc^bo6^ S5s"\ "ScS^fio. 4
5,
" 5p (Hodgkin Disease)
634
II
3 Adi 5" 3 tfgSSoo
(Linear Accelarator), fcij> L dp& (Beta
tron)
ti^^ fib.
00
, a,
^^ prS^i, (Cycle Phospbam
ide), ^SJ 8 g>& (Mitomycin), ^o
^^6" (MetbotrexateV g>Dcp,5', (My
leran\ expia'^ fLeukeron),
* ^ /
(5 - Flurourack)
Therapy :
oestrogens t
(Harmone
Androgen
140.
(Pathological diagnosis & Surgical Treatment of Cancer")
. &oSj*6'esi8
635
e53Sd8cs5&)
^Kidneys) S5o?5
(Products of
Excretion)
eo
(W.B.C)
6000
8000
5fii3 (Spread)
$&&
"IcS ,fio
(Mitosis)
(Infiltrators)
"Soifc
1, "la^s&p (Carcinoma^
^tf (Ectoderm) 6*
(Endoderm) 5
2. v*5* fr^r* (Sarcoma) :
(Mesoderm) a
2.
1.
896
2. rftf:s$tf&> (Pharynx) 3.
(Laryrx) 4
fi^" 8
(white dis barge)
1. rs
(virus) s-3^
(Physical
gS3?6^o (Heart x^ray).
3, a'Sr 9 cJ3oSj' 3*tfs^co fChemical
agents) ;- 1. 3Sg_S aaS (Naphthyie - *'
amine) 2, Tri>&*& (coal tardeminit-
euesj 8, ^fj>^^ (Benzpeynine) 4.
^g^s^eso, o*&^#(Arsenic and Asbe. ^
StOS). g^
6.
7.
687
(BiopsyJ
1.
2.
3,
ef^ ^ Radio-therapy)
S^(Chemo-theraphy)
&f6*&
?5cJic
0^3
(Regional lymph nodes) fijcr*
2. s-Dc&c^D
688
II
1,
2. S^tifl^ (Larynx) &*
(Fracheaj
"2)8
ss
141.
1896^
S (Conrad Roentgen)
(Cooks
Vacuam Tube)
. ^6ci&o
(Screen)
(Fluorescence)
ss
S'ofll
IbiJ
(X-Rays)
(Elec-
tro magnetic-Radiation),
(Light)
(Second) S 1>87,COO a.
(Frequency). ^1, 490!
go (Wave length).
639
(Energy) &o<3.
. X-tfespoSb,
(absorb)
; AF -
; G- -a^^N
o - cO CO
RB - e^dj^oo ^8o^ ; SP-
); SW - "& t)Co 3
T -
rrO
338^.
(Negative charge) 8*
(target)
(Charge)
_8 (Eletron Particular Energy) X-
C -
H -
LL-
D -
(Gama Ra}),
(dismt egration)
33^3
X-
c5 (Diagnostic Radiology)
640
II
?:: 57*0
s SoS.
?. S" 8
&g* &oijfiJd ^j.SS 5*^
C C C -
T -
SCPCP
^?6c(Contrast Radiography).
??*tt'?*$S*:
& _ .<* .*B& ' '
\k'
-''x^"'-%
^^^1%;;^,
^i^'V^'"'
->J
''^
ssS
-^
, ^^s?i
..^.-^
vp^^
.i<s
(Bronchogram) sS^
5.
T- v*j5^
BB
bb
( Catheter )
(Radio Opaque dye) &>&>
SSSoror?
(bladder), 3*efsS^ (Liver), l3
(gall bladder),
(Image Intensifier)
fc ^Sb^ e&*u),
SoS36
?5o (X.Ray Stereography)
3o&
( X-ray foreign body localisation ) :-
~3o&
Sfc
age
Sbfi Afe, 55 sStficfib
(Mass Miniature Radiographic Survey) :-
53<>
842
ff
(Radio
Isotope Diagnosis):
(Radio Active Elements)
e* sj^s ajao^-arp o
^od&lf ^eaoEFooo (atom bomb)
(atomic pile) &* "0^
(Radio-active Isotopes) n
142. S tf $ 6 ^^-.25 5 5 "tf Sko eio
648
.-
3 r\& fS&cSoD, ^o-^a- ?6o&
cneretive. Disorders)
i&tf
644 Depots II
r
57-g&ex>" (Occu-
pational Lung Diseases) &S <
- Environmental
Hygiene Committee)
^ g'
[JT2b89
2 g 3
fcfio
|So&
L * "- " '-"- $oB $&
_ 60
i-S ^O^D^^.
<j
. flfll
645
, wodfc
a. a.
I Sod
L_
d3boi&, "SxS
O
SodaS
143,
( Nervous System & Diseases )
(1)
(8)
oL
(2)
(6)
640
( 1 )
- (6)
(Axon)
^Nucleus)
. (Dendrite)
S. "(Cytoplasm)
". (Necleolus)
(Cerebral hemisphere):
(Dura
Mater)
(Frontal
lobe),lj <^t><5T ^^(Parietal lobe),
(Temporal lobe) &5d&>
(Occipital lobe),
(Frontal lobe)
, ,(6) yfS^S 2r.gf. (Axon hillock) : ,
( Neuroglia )
2.
, 8.
Cerebrospinal
fluid)
(Cerebellum)
oei) ^o^
(Vermis)
(Brain Stem)
tracts)
(Mid Brain) :
(Pyramidal
s-oa^&o
(8, 4
2. >*Tj (Pens) :
asfc^oefc B.8, 7, 8,
(Cranial nerevs)
(Medulla) :
BJO& 9, 10, 11, 12,
(Olfactory)
ar (optic)
i
card
(Olfactory nerve):
(Optic nerve) :
5 of, rf^, 6$ (
(Ulcer)
48 txsrSSstS' II
ST
(Trigeminal nerve):
^Corticosteriods) ci^
(Auditory nerve)
(Aphasia)
3>rf
Q
(Sensory u ^
root) ^fio&fcc&i so&oSb ^^\?6 >S^?x. cSgtfS*^^ (Sensory aphasia)
r$os?o c6^ fiT 8 ^^ (Motor aphasia)
(Facial nerve) .*
649
tff
(Meningitis) :
eso&do.
-Tabes Dorsalisj.
^Pyogenic meningitis)
(I. N. H),
", a. iJS.
"
. (P. A. S)
(Poliamyelitis):
7 Zxo& 14
?6oeo5ou)?6 i
^_5S (virus)
ejS (Parkinsonismj
(Trigeminal nerve):
(Sensory
root) ^ao&fco&i sjodioSb
. *t&c&&~ 3*3 (Facial nerve) .
(Corticx>steriods)
e>d&fl3
&$ (Auditory nerve) /
(Aphasia)
(Sensory aphasia)
(Motor aphasia)
0*^
0-
649
(Meaingitis) :
?3o83oSoO?5
Dorsalisj.
" ^Pyogenic meningitis)
(I. N. H), 2). ^. <DS. (P. A. S)
'Sa'S ^3^ (Poliamyelitis):
" Q
7 ^3oS 14
S_ ^_5S (virus) o
(Parkinsonism)
g|jQ bfi^0&S II
ar
xBt&^ "S$.tf&Q
-dopa)
w5Ss-?f;S
(Wilson Disease^ :
"i. ^5. 60^" ^^sS^
(Polyneuritis
\
tf tfleitf
^d&^S" (Here ditary
cJ
Ataxiasy-
(Epilepsy) -:
: CPU
144.
1.
dermis^
(Epi-
. (a) ]|>Ptf (b)
i_o&
phatics)
2.
(w)
3.
-1.
2.
(Lym-
(Appendages)
:.
- 6.
6.
- r?
7.
03-30*
(Benzyl Benzoate) 26%
662
it
.6
2.
(a)
fb)
V
(c)
ii.
0.25
5
StfsS
1:10000
7
663
III
g'o
5.
IV.
0*30*
1%
40-60
1:100
664 Sg-Sfia^ II
tf (Eczema^ :-
(Erythema Multi forjtne) :
j ^ 250 &>,|
t EF&
' cv J
V.
"2rl (ST* S'Sft*^, S)<Sy*3aS
_ L. o *
7.
wox>o<"^Do<6" So&S&o fcoftf
666
9.
^S c^^o*
CPU A'.
145.
(Endocrine Glands)
I.
(Pituitary Gland)
1 X 1 X 0.5
S)jfe9oj
1.
2.
8.
F.S.H
(I.C.S.H),
656
II
(A.C.T.H)
&o&
:-
(Disorders of Pituitary glands)
2? &>o&tiau (Gigantism) :-
2.
Syndrome):
Soofi
(Dwarfism t
Hnfantilism) :
sease):-
(Simmonds Di-
i|fce>& |jS?OaD
f. &d&j*u&&; (Diabetes Insipidus) : -
(Frolich'i Syndr-
ome)
. tftf |^o) (Thyroid gland)
8B7
(Tbyrotoxiccsis):-
(Deep X - Ray) ,8^
0.1
0.2
(Cretinism)
lagS)n a ?S>o&
III.
Glands\
(Parathyroid
c 6. Sb>\rrj 00
(^Hyper Parathy
roidismj :
lCO Sb.t)
100 Sb.
9-1 1
2.5*4.5
668
16 a>.in--2
"-
2.5
n/100 S>.t>.
1/100
(Stones)
IV.
glands)
(Suprarenal
1.
2.
(Medulla)
(Cortex)
^5" ^4385"
1 2.
Addison's disease) :~
^S (Mucous memprane)
Q^S 25-50. to. in-
ea **-
(Adrenoge-
nital Syndrome):-
(Gushing Syndrome):
00)
Aldosteronism
669
&>, 3
(Pheochromoc -
ytoma) :
V. "S
Glands) :
( Sex
aS)' 1 (Hypogonddism)
40^46
tfo
, ^o^S;^, Stf&oo
14-2J8
cBbio 28 3$ 29
146,
(Heart and Blood vessels)
(RD.A)
(ligation)
es&fc
(Co-arc-
tation of aorta) &, fioctf sSoa (anasto^
mosis) ?6ij, as2ie^6c6 (Excision) dio
(suturing)
dff*oosc5co (vas -
cular anastomose)
(occlusion)
(Cardiopulmonary bypass)
>&> fl?
(Prosthetic aortic)
(trachea-) ^/^^ (oesophagus)
(vascular ring); 2.
&"^)tfs$x> (Aneurysm of
aorta).
1.
(Dysphagia Luso-
861
#&3, a/or
>tf^<&&).
(arch)
s3o3S5|8^ (Double arch)
(Ligamentum arteriosum)
?l es^d'K 3 ^ (Ligameutum)
(Thymus) &
(P.D.A) :
(Ductus)
Ko
(distal
20 feiDe? tf ^SSD,
C3
2 ?io<S 4
(Systemic) sS
$ (Systolic) 8u_S
e$ (diastolicj
?6e5e9 (dilatiom So^r
(Pulsations) aSb)
(left ventricular)
(hypertrophy)
(Duct)
1.2 "a. h>.
662
&$ II
pulse)
xD 53" fi (water hammer
6'ft (Atypical) s<5
(Cardio - catheterisation)
(Endocarditis)
08^ ^d^)^^
53-^
[SET'S 3
itf
o
3.
(Stenosis),
^Transposition)
(Caudal)
(localised)
(constriction)
(dilatation^
AsSSoff 8 ^ ^-
sion) 0,
^)oS,
^i (carotid)
gtfS (hyper ten-
(hypo tensioo)^)
668
dhim)
(_sS|Sd&
10
(Freezedried) '
(Intra thoracic) a
(Cystic medial
necrosis), ASSrS (Trauma), E)
(arterio sclerosis) -
si A
?6(3.
(Saccular type) 3o<3?5
10 3stfe> 20
sjfl
SB.efc
(Mitotic) ^/
^ (ascend-
ing)
fcelb)
(Cystic spaces) tftf&rf
(fusi
form)
(Isthmus)
(histol-
ogy) 8^g & si
Sofltf
(deceleration)
(Tears)
(false)
864
a rib 3
(tug)
a.
oL
&a^tf (Clot)
O
oC-
(angiocardio ^
graphy)& <r,
(aortograpby)
(tangential incisi
(Replacement)
(Pericardium)^
esS : 1.
(Chronic
paricardial effusion) : 2*
(Chronic constrictive
pericarditis).
(j5S L Sdt3oe (auto-
immune reaction?) &, ^"1>
esctf&o^fo
(Pericatdsal sac)
(Pleura! space)
(Peri-
cardectomy)
2.
686
(Constriction)
(Systolic ejection)
(diastolic filling) fio? 8
(Venous pressure)"^eA,
: 1.
ii;(b ? 2.
(Pleural effusion)
X (Ascitis) 5. 6
ema feet) qa
(Apex
beat)
(E.c.G)
(Cardiac
failure)^
(arrhythmia)&
(digitalisation)
Stftf (Median ster-
notomy)
* '
(Diseases of Chest)
1000
(abnormalities)^
(Expeclancy of life)
3o6?6
(les-
sions)
1. fe^s* (Cyanotic)
(Acyanotic)
5^^s co&
saturation)
2.
(Oxygen
( Pallet's
Tetralogy) :
gr 8 s ^157 as* 10%
666
II
: L j3 Sc^tfSaa (Pulmo-
nary stenosis) ; 2. E^ I SjrfS>as B &3&d
e; g (5
(Dextra position of aorta); 3. && &&
5*&.$x> ( Ventricular septal defect );
4. <55<E3 &* &&$>$& (Right ventricular
hypertrophy). 9
roscopy)
SnotSa^S
swallow)
w
gcr "60^0^
CO
(thrill)^
t^fej:
(Fluo-
Ss ^e5^
?5^ (Barium
2. $)ij?
bulum) 5^6&, ems?> SD
; 8.
(Inferdi-
(shurt)
o ^ o
S)^ a,^ sSdd ^
o
(opening) 4
(Direct
closed operation) .-
( Ventricular outflow )
(hypothermia)
20%
eu
(Disorders of cardiac rhythm) :
(Heart block) Scy ?Sos3p
G0
o^eS (Complete atriovent -
ricular dissociation)
^^ (Ischaemic)
-
(Septal defect)
?3o>o
667
(atrial
(Complete open corrective operation) : impulse) &^&
rf&5tfS's$ ( External demand
pacemaker) & s^^do dsS^j^^ 5 - $)^
(Thora-
(Myocardial electrode)
CO
8
IX
S5
(Veterinary Science)
147.
\B<
0)
I s 2.
3.
4.
26
* , * { 2.
8.
(8) g^Sf ^asS5o^e 1.
2,
8.
4. & a
5.
869
4
2 5", ^"&<^, (jSaSfc,
o (Total digestible Nutrients)^
(2)
(Crude fibre)
(Leguminous)
(Non - Leguminous)
(2)
tf7d a^sfiis' tt
;,_ nj * &
(Peas) 4.
(lotal Digestable Nutrients)
(Coarse fibre) & Seisin 1 &c>o&) 25e>oS
$) tfl /
(a) cjo^ cocy^^oco Aoesoo (&*t6$G Aoeawi
^ \ ei /
(b)
(c)
(d)
1. , = ^^ ^ , R.Xi<.V*^ L g , 6& . aa sf, 1.
2. fi*&eSDCO 1. ^Xj C Sfl<S> ' **
8. S^flcssa 2. Ifitfaa g. E5-S ^& 8. waV&^asf;,- "" 3.
4. *"-
(Blood Meal)
eft
(Functions of nutrients)
) ^^5
C/ I CO
hydra es), a -
2.25
SS&itfSr 6 ^ Sj*tf&j :- /Balanced
Ratiom
,SSb 24
w
9
4CO K.G.
g7g #*<3Sbg' II
1. 20-25
2. 8-5 ^ sSSrfA &5d&
e atf&S a, 5
- 9
CP CA^ OC
SS5
20
1
1
SSSSj - I
1UO
60 "l
2.5
2,
(Housiog and Management of
Dairy Cuws):- 4 -
5.
_, 6. tf^rfr?
o n
678
9.
I.
IT.
Ill
IV.
V, <y*&o
(Isolation boxes)
80
100
10
S3&.
10.
(grooves)
1 1 .
(48)
S&poeo
12.
;SjSSff3b
8'
15
800
13.
Jf.
L dr& (lie Stall)
- si<3
CO
: BPn
.48.
(ST 8 , ag 5*^5530 (Kinder Pest)
Sboto (Foot and mouth diseast),
S3S& (Black quarter)
(H S w S
2.
4.
I c
L
6.
6. 8-
2.
4.
1C5F
676
6,
6.
&6c&>
8.
4.
6.
6.
&&do
SsS6S3.ba
CSb 4 10. 4 <*S
2.
u's*e>bo3b,
ec^fib.
6 SSPS&OO rSboA 2
60- 80%
104F- 106F
678
-* --tetf n
2.
3. &SSr
4-
5-
2.
3.
:- 1.
(Penicillin)
S'oo
2,8
2. "fcej^a>fij$S" SSJ* .X^^vc, J " ""'J* "'3'
>on3_,,
A
vi"* 1 *
or 8 !! dSo.
149.
(Some Common Surgical Ailments in Domestic Animals)
000*,
I.
a,
b.
C.
n*0
(horn cancer)
- tf^ra
II.
So
(Castration) s
678
Ill
and Caudectomy in Bulls) :
IV
(Pateilar Desmotomy) :
eaan-
tf
o
V. "Sotf
(Yoke gall & tumors]:.
a a
ga>ri:s?$).
VI.
(Umbiclial
abscess:-
VII. S*& rrd&Sgjw (Tail injuries &
necrosis) :-
S>fioo4e66ydfo
679
VIII
injuries) ;-
&&>ri'c&&o (Fistula)
(Supernumerary teats},
( Teat
sf A,
IX. rtb^^jd^ (Prolapse of uterus):-
J ' (epidural anaesthesia)
X,
XI, ^tf^tt^ - F*&>S)^^ (Bloat and
impaction) :-
o ea
XII.
Molars) :-
( Sharp
2.S tf SCfaSofl sSa^fia (Molar cutter)
( Tooth Rasp ) 5* o
XIII.
(Water Bag)
( Caesarean operation )
XIV.
(Eye cancer) :
: CSPia
150.
IT
1.
2. B^o &\ QS
^s5sSoS*
3.
4.
100 a
I78os sbb at^s* "os-e^oS e-a- .. .,., . ^ 1000 ^ c& 2000
6.
_ 1933
, ?Sp6"
. 1942 ar 8 on S,
682
II
7.
8,
9, 6^
cJ .
(Proven site) *
?6o}_tf2po&,
10.
tto
8S*oeSsSodSS>.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9. ^
(mucous membrane),
10.
12 &o& 24
1. "a^Sbi.oo SSd^S"; 2. "38*33 J
J CT Q tt ^
rfo^tfc&s&o
(cervix) fo
^; (Glass catheter)
&>6c&o
a 5
2 ^cr 8
-S S'oo
A84 >e*c6&S> II
w> ^
(Refri-
gerator) d&cdi
151. - - - w
w^ W
>
r
033.
II.
CPU . Sb.
OP ii dbbo
Sotf
19
CO
. e3,
co
CO CO
70
16 000
236
fia?in o
10
tip. 12 80
>. 114
'. 127
. 680
. 600
2661
685
30
3^5 das' 3
Scr-jto
egtftf
II
. 49
SA?6
,
1966
S^Sb, OP'S
30
co --co e>
68T
tftf^qptfes lloicycxh " T ^ " " ' &
**r ^^ ^-^ /L /- v<__ ^ -CTQ -3 X" N ~^a-i'
ICtW cv)CO. 9
asfoefi
&sS 3"3*^dx
69 9
CO 65
&
fl8Q SspcSS*}^ II
\)U\J M
CO
fcofcooft.
Aocr.
*2j)gSSfi COST'S).
eprv ^?5
Q
bo
co
SQotftoc ^^ CP
-s
ff 8
if
(Felt) iaij
2.
152.
e co
srn 1
s* a
030,
C3
^ /T 9 ^^
CO , 89 CO
(Entero Toxaemia) ;
689
~C9 CO
$0&
ej
(reit^ "- L_ fp tj - to
Calico
9
1:
(Entero Toxaemia) ;
(44)
2. t l)S*&>&>jo Q
N-'
_ & A _ ft
152.
K&
690
II
2.
(Anthrox):
|j>o0*<3 rS sSawgon-
^"o
3. fTo>3*^ CHaemarragic Septi-
caemia) :
4.
(Lamb dysentry) :
(Multi component vaccine)
5.
Sodosj-jo gj^
36
6,
(Foot and mouth)
023 tf
691
7.
(Rinderpest) :
asctfo
*J
BOOO QADoiJOfipO JCK)tXT-(O tJiJJ^rOM CJO ' CO
***"* " o
"ioO, <se>
_ S'^io^^^, 6"^
^> o- J^ :n~ n /^> fl"^ A n
-^ "^A. ~\j ^/o. '^ " o _ ^ , _a ^j -P , ,,
~ 3
i<a
CO
") (Lice), X& S"OAo^ Sti5eo ^8^?Q jjtf43p ^g)S J)5
ggg 5J#*dQi>S II
. tfo
as
(Round worms and hook wormsy
1. "3o> C5tfs$
(HaemonChus) :
. a-a
^ I
005 ' 2- oi>S3&> (Tricho strongylus)
ro
jCT* "oi
9
*gt ^fibiK)^ ^o^3*coi. g "IjrtiSbSbeS)^ cj)Sbfib (Oesophae-
gostomum)
(Round worms)
Tape
(Lung worim
)
es OK ^Sb^co (Flukes)
fefi
o. sso
lb
JfolS) ^
)bd3j*A&ca}. - ^
**}
E>ejiT i
o L co
w
bfl
[_* ei
153.
( Poultry Husbandry )
60
, oooSS^eS So^^S *& ^o5 220- 260
as
vs
*J" "WJ, 5 * " SootfertbSa.
3,
oL
V^a>
80*
^ 2
1)0* /fo
CO CO
*<& 10-12
s*a 3 \as
60,000 L
100
21
0-4
0.8
1 #.
7-9
1 ^
1650.
(Brooding) :
CO tt
O CO
L
,
U
96F
90F
8&F
80F
695
76F
70F
200-250
(watts)
eoex^co
5*3
1.
3-a, o'^
ll
. go
20%,
18%, "Sitf
2.
8.
A, B 2> D 3 .
60-70o
2-3%
5.
100
s^Odio,
CO .
1.
2.
8.
4.
6.
6.
7.
8.
5)O O S>e^
CO
<3fl^ tooSb
o
-Ltf Vj5b
o v
W ^^0
23 {Jg'o
IS ej^o
2:5 efsTo
15 tfsfo
2aS cTg-o
48
35
42
80
45
30
10
10
>__
14
20
16
15
20
15
20
6
15
12
15
12
28
26
22
18
15
56
6
5
7
6.5
6.5
.6
2.6
2.6
2.5
8
8
0.5
O.S
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.5
JUU
100
100 J
10U
100
. 100
697
1. 0. 4
2. 4- 8
3. 8.12
4. 12-16
5. 18-20
6. 20
2 tf.
2^ ^ 4
8 tf.
erex>&.
11-12
(Hanging Feeders)
6, 6
a,s
4,5
8, 4
Sod'O
8, 9. ssoii
6-8
20
. 20
9, 10
154.
3A>ev(Ranikhet disease-R.D.)
2. *fj& &&* (Fowl Pox)
$. (^ &&>&& (Cocci Hosts)
'
2.
. 8.
0*0 tfftS^oco,
00
. 6.
-fl
90%
(FJ
8
6-8
(R, D).
1P-20
J*g< i^S
2,
"So A
4. ^s^
5.
3.
7-8
700
2. ''^0^606*
V
;
3. 44
84F
1.
53o?
4-10
Q
2.
^.
3.
90%
4.
155.
10SS
II
2.
8.
4.
5.
16
: O^ii cSbo,
sao&S&e l&^es 701
I * CO
tf
o
6"o^
sao^b^co
&*o&bo<&&>;S$o<3,
80%
a
10
^ >
Sa*
o
702
II
tfo es
10
69 ro
^T^o6
69
OS5(^
00
bo
O
AofccoS.
120
^otx> t 3
oo
&pe
156.
50
a 8 oX^a
L.
, 6 o^ ^Ctf5f~a*&, 8
sjorfo&
C3
S&*>j
orv
704
e&
3 tix&l>& (Crude fibre) ^Sb^
('Cereal grains)
(Breeding
Season)^
1.
2. *cS)SS)o
3.
78.0
15.0
4
6.
6.
8-0
5
0.5
6sSx (Hand Feeding)
(Rations):
(Calcium) &
(46)
tf Sao.
706
4/5 fi> o 8Ddbo)So 2 ?5oo& 6
in_2o%
3&(jjn*
o
8i*rr'M
706
(Small Pox),
a.fi,eo&
SSsrS SoSjJ)
tf Jtf (Hog Cholera) :
3 ^o^ 7
a.S'
707
OS 5*
1ST.
S> o ^5
2.
3.
CD
708
6.
6.
9.
zsa
2.
33 JioS 50
3.
(28
2.
3.
4.
2. So
3.
1.
^3
3B
28
(Detergent"!
.6F
(Incubator)
&) ^Brooding")
o^i
J M (Intensive System) tfrrft
"OSj i &cfiJ' t (SeiDi Intensive SystemJK
8.
(100)
709
24;
80o Fs -**"
5 F.o
L*
3. tf.
<=: Q
to (Deep li-
tter) Z&
16 ^31) ^oC^, fedi <0r
710
I!
15
2CO
40
"2) to
2.
8.
4.
(wet wash)n*
(Pellets)
ri 8
50
20
5 (Starter Rations*
& SpocS^&e
sptf3Sc&. 17
55!)
(Internal
Parasites)
^A
A
rvO
50 F^sSx) "in 8
*
ib^jo :- (1)
("white eye")
(2)
(4)
(Duck
cholera-
ci&o.
158-
f Zoonotic Diseases )
II. 4 *$otf"" (&fo3g#bco)
S-oS (W.H O.)
<J>
4. $3*
HI,
7 ^
II.
6
2. "Z^T^fltah, *
cJ
2. ^
3.
S. fiff tt )trd*o$o& ( /&r'&& 8 &5'} : 4.
3 /S aUe^ - a7*O9i;C? /? aiy ^ 5.
.__ j, ^
718 &*&&* II
01 CO
Ill
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
e.
7.
i. ao^ (3&S)
2. tf
3.
4.
O *
1.
2.
8.
4. o5o<s&rcs$
5.
6. _
7. Sidj.
Scg'j.
718
. (5"
(d&*Q/&>~ f j' i
SFC
!
(Spare)
B dt&ofl, sSp^
(Wood Sorter's Desease)
o-aa
7U
7.
8
8.
159.
fl8
cSorvorn*
2[ tf g rf e
716
69
. S&. 4000
cS>oui?6
^600*^
CO
5*e>b?6o&
5*0
. .$ 2100
^y ^
Po<S?6<S.
Swrs-
fl.
Ow
. 160)
fcc3o^ (Mosaic Doctrine\
Q /
7i e &&*?&&' ii
* -^ v
n (Hu.
roaral ^heory) H)
Bo3c5S
>:$ (yellow bile),
(Black bile 1 ) 5$&S'3.
460- ^ >
f - . u . . v . " . ., tf S'Sa sS N rfdS&oab es?
376^ Cr^
53 s
^^ ^^S>^ (Spleen^
/*^QcO ga, fe" er<K&o dfco^ > ^
^9
L ba
(Oath of Hippocrates) S>
o
csr
&
SS&V&. rSo
"J CO
(Humoral Theory)
400
>
tfS (Apysrtus |l.?f. 300)
717
700-1200
sacs')
1800 SoS
^Pathology) o^
&:>$&, StfQoK>;& sw 3B\&. iS&Jis 1632^1728
SofifS
450-600 iSotf^tf&o 3-0 *A" (1682-1T7L; TOO
718 aartSfiatf ii
17 S5
C
. 16C4
^r? a.
t)ff ^6^6" ^ S&Qoa S
17G4
160.
(1821.1802) t
(Pathology) c& ^saSS^e^ &p&^ &CT>O$&D (Cellular
Pathology)^ Sf 1 Ss'aei
3rf (1839-84)
. 1762 8* ^ ~^ ^" ' '
'719
1300-1400) -a-
ssfibeo 3o&?5 (Hippocrates oath)
v
?SosS
* *
?6Sbo
1*
d&rS^o&cS
^7 * ^ijfca (i<ibiG 5oSi
v - ea e^|^o^sS?So
_ 25^^03,
cj
Q
720
II
700
579)
.^. 631-
SS^tSdfioa Ss
SSfiftfg
^eso&co
700
d^o&Sb.
>
20,000
c6o5)
18
34
721
34
1
._jtf&fi3
O
682-554
161.
f Veterinary Anatomy
(Relative) ._
is
1. 9ftteP'(SsSa>
<3i a-
Osteology).
2. efc?5oa^^?6
9 sr
Arthrology).
8, I^SsSS&o (tfotfrfSoo
sr v
Myology).
^\ L "=- s$ep&o (Angiology).
5. f^&2)e'^sS:
5P
Neurology).
Sio^o&o (Systems) e
(Organs) &^^^. Scp^raSSx) 8.
/Structure) r&jSp ^3 oD^bo^^pQNcJio o)S)6ooS
&&. S^)c3 wSdStf SDO^O wtf^Sb SS6^S^ -Splanthonology)
(Systemative Anatomy) dio^A. &S 7. ^o^di a^^sSw (^*^o[
doSS^afo d5bo^sS^e ,v S5Qs*^sSx- Aesthesiology).
(46)
722
1.
M
T
3SK SooS'So
I 1
1. SSSfc&o #V)tfcSc>&o (S*&o & i T
*, llaSS",
III IV
2.
w u i^ ,
ill | I
8. koebdlD^
(Phrenic)
i 4
*<
r.
4
I
T T 44 44
s*eo
728
1. $si (Skull)
2. L Sofi
3.
4.
6,
6, tfo
(Mandible)
(Cervical Vertebra)
r"cfceo (^ Vertebral^
(Scapula)
(Humerus)
7. tffi^ (Radium)
8. 3>#vtfy (Meta Carpali)
9- *3ort>tfj&ec (digits) T
10. wtfB^ (Ulva)
11. jStfj. ^stoS'ea (Ribs)
12. '3^aa>5' )VertebraI Column)
18. S<3 SSec&Sa (Pelvic girdle)
U, S^tf ^SS - (Femur)
15, wo^S" (tibia)
(meta tarsal)
(digits)
(Goccygeal Vertebrae)
tarsal)
16.
17, sso
18. 5*^
18.
(Face)
(Phargny)
Z^S&
bral column)
(vetta-
(Veretbral Canal)^e
(Spinal Cord) oa
(Girdles)
(Arm)
(maners)
(scapula)
(Shoulder girdle),
(Fore arm),
(Arm)
(Humerus).
(digits)
724 S^SSSM II
s&n* cS>?$y , 7 o^ 8 Pb"o:c<&i?5D. >0si rse Proces\ l^jd&r-do ^<S
O&0&
c3
5-6
(Transve-
DcXL f ^o (Round ligament)
ijS^SjS S-asoo55^sSe (check
ligaments) Actf
'
S
^Skeletal
muscles)
e-odfi
S) (Cartilage)
o
&>o&,&)> ^55^
(Blood vascu-
(Synovial fluid) ^o<3 lar syfetem) :
1.
2.
3,
6, 6, 7, &
3aooo (lungsj
53Ks3bo (omasum")
V /
(abomasum)
(Intestines)
9. S
10. S)^
12.
^Urinary bladder)
(gall blabder)
(ferres)
(Penis)
(Anterior and pos-
terior veaacqua)
'xS" /Aorta]
^
(g)o5)
(thorocic
dUCt
) SSi
GO :
8*
(Nervous system) :
1.
Central nervous system)
726
II
2.
8.
(Peripheral nervous system)
(Autonomous nervous system)
f3S&otfo&o& 3D#& (Brain)
(Spinal cord)
48
24
16
(Sacrum) &>$ 55 ^CsSa)
(Motor nerves) ooei>fio.
b 53*^0^1
/Sensory nerves)
o
12
87
86
42
(Splanchnology V-
d). sioiS)
(Accessory glands) ei&
sjtf^to
,
1,
2.3
4.
5.
6.
j^Rnnen)
Reticulum)
53- A^iSbo (Omasum)
Ms& (Abotnaium)
jjl)Sg)Go (Small intestive)
727
8.
o&cotf
(Alimentary canal)
5.
2. ^ffo (Pharynx)
((Oesophagus) 4.
6.
2.
('gastric glands) 7.
(Intestinal glands),
3.
" - Isthamus phacia)
(Pharynx)
2.
^Stomach)
. sjod)
3-3So8>*
(Intestine)
Aftdtfiodb
(Pyloric valve)
(Splinter
728
II
denum)
as&io), "fi>d&S>' f d&c&do
titf^^ (large intenstine) <
o
x15
O <p
SbflBS
POO*
J
830
(Respiratory
system\ :
(Trachea),
(Larynx) :
fo (Cartilage)
*Sd8boab
(mucous membrane)^ 71 ^ o&?<3b 8crflT\aj4
729
(Urinary blad-
a.
(-urethra)
ft.
X
( Agriculture )
162.
1971-72 tfoStftf&i ^otf) 105. 2
V
C 1
o
r t 1972.78 SoS^tfJ&se 1 SStf
tf
781
. 1970.71, 1971-72,
. 1 870-71 fi*
1972-78
13
(F.A.O) ?5
.
L
. 197^
.
1972
1971
. 1972-73
36.6
. S
a fctf&o, 1970^71
sa
. 1971-72
s.ei
.00*. 1971^72 *T 5 736^1971-72
1971
1972 ^9^6 sStf& 20
a L?J^^ 1978 ^
. 1078
20 0^0 t>c
197/-73
1973.74
38 S^do
1973-74
s rfg
"3* *)5.
163.
70 ?*se
1960
)fc^^ 2.6
~ E3
DCS n
S)_fctfS
i960
1964-85
19B4-65
8
l.G
I960
I960
8
1950-61
19C4-G5
- 1950-61
1964^66
3.6
. IS60-81
733
64 ?<S 17
. J963
3b ET>5<
2
1964-65 tf
1966-67
tf&ocj 0506^8
"2)8
3 ?6,
fcfl
co
1966-67
18.9
1972-73
220.9
1972.73 3S 19] 0X0
a
cu o
1971-72
1964^65
128
1971-72
440 o^
1864-65 So"B 120 o
784
II
fctf&o, SS
'
t^ifoer 8
. ba
a
164.
70
60
&>ocJ
40
Sofi.
26
"3.
a
, 1907
'
. 1868
1906
1919
736
1928 6* bo^
commission)
(Royal
4.
rSo&x>, (Counail of
cotton
?oo?Sco ^sciip ^odoolb
(First Indo-American Team) .
z. aeja ^0x06" go<3^
fiS-1968.^Thc first joint Indo-American
Team of Agricultaral Research and
Extension)
8,
S^oeso^) 19?9. (The second joint
lado American Team on Agricultural
Education, and Extentiom.
(The Agri ultural Administration
committee)
6. gpd& Otf^J)agocSpo v^^sSojO
?5o^)^ - ^criiSiStoo^ ^^aS) 1982(The
Committee for Agricultural Universites
Legislation - Cummin^s committee).
6. SpS&d& ^a^S aaSo^cr&sSoD -
196S(The Agricultural Research Review
Team).
1928
1957
786
II
, I960
24 sSp
a
?Soo5o
1680
1964-65
a
^p<SoOo(S. ^9
(G.M.F)
1949-50
3.19
1.55
1,60
jjSes
ef^e 4 2/5 55*^^0
, 3/6
815
986
, 787
883 S
43 4 S^o ^)od 493
737
744
&&
&
1981
888
1959
. 1964 fif*
a
abS.tpS". 2; fc.c^S.
. 4; a d^S -apff. 5;
&. 19635* isStf
*-
a
5 o$o'$>8
, 2;
68;
cSo.i 201; SPCP,
1970.71^
)g_o(3. so. t*5".8;
so. e3<5^ era^ ^3^& e
if )fl A^T 5 :) ceo,
i. 5,
1966
15
788
CD
42
. 1970
5210
8
165. SS
- e-?i)53^^o
jSQot3caD.
1966-67 6* ig
SgSS^cft
a
789
1821
v(/
1867 #* "
69 crib c&
S, SuS^tffS
^p
1917
1870
. 2-8- 1362 & "
S5e3
2J
1878
, 1905
, 1906^6 svfc^fibtf*, 1910S5
. 1946
1948
ts-u
j'Uiniversity Educational Commisson),
740
4, 1984.
Q
in>i)rSi ,,
"" uj I <O<3 5^uO"N30 3 cOj I vo(SO [ V^rCQ-tt^
196U <; ^ C^^ i3^ O'cxilojCD-O cJOO ?on O ojDO ersAnA 2fl i"^A/^" ^Cr\(5^-i /^^rprlit Vlf 1 ^nrc^
* ** u ^* Z* w*>**- ^^ ^> y - --n-rr- {SJvflSW* U H O U9 wJ f t QoJ tAJ I v^XCUiL ilVJUIS/
-e 9
1.
2.
8.
i^
*JD ^i ,
ir r
v ; o ' ^ ^"^
5.
166.
3o)&*&&>
tf&o. SpfioAS s^Q^SS^es^ w
II
S'eso&e^
SSoti
Scfcofo
rfrs*
(8
0.3 ^3oS 0.5
17
, SSba,
C?
748
CO
t^ 3
fetf fian*
38),
?u J&e**$Q&8f II
n
50
167.
30 &o<3 40
c<?5ix>
& !^) ^^^ flAeafi 50
"2) 6 ft
3 ^S" 4
).
746
00* if) a &
5J*^&cxooa.
&&or?
<{)
CJ
^
CO CO
"(S,^oo
o
CO O
53* 3
CD co
tf
CO
k Ibo^^o
C3 CO
(Fertilisers)
746
II
3sKh
d.
40
owth Aneestus
, 5*dS)
^0830
(Scxi
feeoV
v /
OX).
SPfcSfoftfS
800
KO
SSo^fSS
io >
L ^
S5o
, <5*^, fcjf,
dfrjtfr?
&*efrrcx3bo?i> "^0^53*5
2.
O CD
8, 8^"i> & 3dabtfe>0f6 Sfc tf&o^ a, 3
4,
,- u-u-^. , , It^siB (Pesticide^
$&&>$ l)lb r5xv - ^.*-.^s _<<_*. ^ /*
24
go
200
743
II
300
400
S fctfotfo
1,000
60,000
sjcii
ofl,
S'tf .
fisa ;
1. Pe<3, 2. &'tf, S.
, 6jdJ'Dc6<S" >
749
\
d
168.
(Soil stru-
sscture) fc9o&db. & ^SoScrisio
-jxaeer ^^sa^LQex) i5)n*S3iSa. c^niT
oc*o^> (S3
(Textured
So tfS&&p5sS-Sj;:6j
^^ - -& ~
A-), ^ifib,
sS 8 . e
D, &QdSco
&. So
a
II
CO CO
S5*fl a^WJMjCNJW CU UUW^W CWWWWUWaJWIU O,^
n
$
53*6 & & S 23tfd f 3" SfoS" (Check-basing
02id8bao&
169.
at 3
"6
, Sootf&
CO
_
il
4.
uP^SboC^^boCT 8
-~~*
8 ^0 )oc!(5" 0,65 T=
_^^ f i~ff ,s ^~ \ r.. .y rr^ -J-S
\&>
00
Aoesco
b
10 y*tg5jO /^0 3 WD D^D*^) 8
5 ^fi$ f^b o^ ^r^oSxo& ^rdS a
2.
6 450
C3 Cl
( oS 2* ft^cu lo o5
10 &*>*=* 2,8
758
20 f* x> 600
3x1), n*a, A.A. 0. 50 sptf&o 2
2.
10
ra "5 S^tfspg 100
* CO
ico
&&*
. Aa
60
(48)
26 rtf&a ai.fc.
'oSb 1 fcfcfib fcfi^ 1 J
Ao83?S}
6.6
50
660
eg"
8%
85
450 i
Aoesco
a.a.a
100
sj.S) S'OS
, Aa
20
754 3atfAS>$' II
85 v*3oo Q.&
C7
160
O
50
800
O
| ft 20
C3
10
CD
a. a 50
co co
-v< <* -4 ^ tf& 2 85*0 s-ETNeS" 60
oJ OrOojOOCO euQOO eJCubouOo) ^
*<5s3St 3 ^5"o-S 100 y*tf333 r?%> ^ 42 ^^^^ 3pl3 ' 1 [5*^^ *
sss.oj 1.6 ol.c)l)d3fib JSaodSbcSo i
oOoj o^cdo"b 2)^5 i a
2.
756
is
a.a.a. so r>#&> tfe s , a a
CO B>
50
fl. ft, 50 *&&>
.
CO
50
a.a.a so
28
6 ^o^ 8
.
coe
315*5"):-
Ptfo*cO
. to
100
10
cTo|J!jfia
10
&&, S'Dt
1TO.
I.
20
10
o. 5
. &$>
rv^J,
10 &g 16
22,5
0.6 irv&*
L
2.
sea, s^
21
7? a
0*^0
767
iSfo'Sb 600
foflS*
III.
0*0,
600
Aoesco 4
600
IV
. ts&co
60
V.
0*000.
.fl.dS 50
60
vi.
1.
id*
8 L ni$so
768
Viii.
o^S 10 ^03 S*\
. *!...
0.1 5P&&D iS^S ^ &0&3T 8 15
VII. iSS 3
V __0
25^6 4^
. |jS
<* fec&cpaa a,^ gd 4 S)^G& 100
Q - ._ . . WV I*V , j_ ^?*~> I
C? ,-05
0.5
800
2.5
i 1 . 527
600
15 $
759
IX.
1, &*/&& s'/fieu
0*0
10
^) 15
2. 3 tfS"
^ 64
8 tfofco
18
fi^g*
: 3 6 S
50
4 3$ 5
2,3
CT>ii
17 1.
&O&CQ Sstfotfb
.
1.6 &oA 2.0
8 &oA 6
B_0 6
TJ 0.8
0.7
co& 4SO
600 o^o ^5" i.
1.
. "Sc^o
[^&oo
$$&
12
. ssa
fefl
Massy Ferguson 1035, Escort
37, International B 275 &3d& 4S6,
Hindustan 35 aoort>c5S. BJ^ SB tr5.fi.
. 80
2.
a,*!
3.
n
a
3
6. ^o "Sd5:o ^^S(B U nd Former)
AS
So "S>rf
co O
fe>i
CO O
GO
2, $3 3 ^**D 7. 6& c3*rt> (Ridge Plough)
(Bund Former) S
8. S
.x-crt . fTiSo (Seed cum Fertilizer drilK
oT*o (^bpine tooth Harrow)
2
13*0 ^*^art)r& AS
5. ^to (Floaty
o \ )
762
9.
6 3 8
10.
(All crop thresher)
172.
IbcO
II
(Be
\
6-6
7-8
4.6
Co. 3-00
Co. 2-20
a&. 3-75
11.
(Groundnut Puller)
0.6^0.7
CD
as
^(Marginal output)
returns)
factors^
(Variable
3tfsS
2.
marginalism^ :
\8
oJ
763
(Principle of
liotf
^
3.
1. rfff&&* cSj-L*SM (Principle of ple c f Substitution)
Variable Proportions^ :
(inputs)
(Princi-
e335sMrs$xe> og,
Cjtfolfe
764
II
.
n tJ
(Prin-
ciple of Combining Enterprises\ :
1. jSSglT SgScSeo : (Independent
Enterprises)
2-
Sco.: (Jo-
int Product Enterprises
3.
enterprises)
: (Competitive
(Pcsciculture, Sheeprearing, Poultry
etc) Qtoc<3 J)5.d&^)?3 1,
2. ?
4.
lementry Enterprises)
ftff 1
btf
o-.
76B
5.
(Complementary Enterprises^:
5-a
Farm
business analysis\ :
i
1.
2,
3,
4.
of Supplies)
6, & i^vfSsS^ idi -Feed inventory)
(Financial Records :
^Production Record)
(Labour Record^
s5d& (Implements Record^
(inventory
1.
o
(Land record inventory)
2. Srfdfc apCb^o sS& (Cash Expeases)
3. crod sSd) (income reciepts)
4. ^3'^ fts& ar)3* (Net work State-
ment)
records^ ^&
(Land use efficiency^ :
21
15
eon
ii
21
Is"
X 100 = HO
40
(Crop yield index):
Sofco
(Intensity of Cropping) :
-X oo
(Cost Ratios)
^f (Operating
cost Ratio
Ratio
S (Fixed cost
output Ratio):
3.
i: (Receipts and net in-
come measures)
2.
8. &fcocD
4. ^^o
5.
"itoofl
ITS. &Sj*5"*5oo, Ib&o&S,
SS3
&B. ?6^s*5 Q
<P fi)
1904
, fib&sSoo, BSotfsSSri.
0>
9
9
*J ^
t ' 0m '""** " 1912
. <5 a
U19
i^j
f5oio^SeOfS^3;
tftf
768 a*cSfiS>tf II
100 ^
j a. ooo &
ScJii^
L&o (Prir- s'jf, 3p&eQ ff*&43&,
mflry ) j\lsj*3*^ oSoo^^i^o, io5x>r*5 /Multi
Purpos?)
15
'4
2.
^ ^^^r^/^^^-^ AnAK"^/*v s r>A 15 (3oOi ^COlSO)
tftf^DS
3.
6
v<
(48)
T69
1
O U J
t3cr-
1.
* _ oo
, 8.
"sbdxeod S&^&vkcS^S). si.jiT^ oSjco) L ocS*eOoaa O^JS^GS ijTio^^ 1 o-o
770 JJg^fiW' II
do^2
CO
o
>ED*<!DD cf
(Warehouse Receipt) 6&ra,
co
fS&go etftfss
tffa L , oao wJtooS) S4o^, ^Sfio^ tf to
771
So 10 ^ x *3 d& a & ?S a
/Warehouses^ :
174.
) rS5es s^
"3.
18 OiKo ^)on
j
1 8
20
30 s>o 6tSl) go
16
772
20
da to a
Scon*
= 40
= 30
= 20
= 3
=2
5s 6
Too"
300
0.
40
778
S0;\
8
12
oa 33*
53
Srd?6aiT(S),
II
,
at S E?r? &*io^?5^ 18
1T5.
12
CO
Aoseo, 3<
100 in^:oD "
"oJ Ol3'o5l^)'\ ^1. SJaD
12
GPM
i^& i
O L C3
, 10
46
;GalIus Callus)
21
-**g
TT6
26
9
6
26 ,,
20 ,.
6
8
16 grst
2. L Sfa 6-ftfto&* : ^ ^ ^ 6grs=l(V)
C 6 grsl ( )
70
"ig &<3A,
)& (Unferti-, ;
Used Eggs^ Sr^^o^cy^S sS^o*S5). ?3fl<^)^ S^t> ('Feeders^ ff*
/ ^^^^ co \ ^
3. S*tf:)"Sj^ : 4.
, qp^ies c55esoooo SaifiSDSx), g* ie)o& 20
14
776 JtePrSoiS' II
03
a '
16 fcfci&o tT'iv^ e3 &BSPO&) 17
6.
3 3sT 4
i
L
8|4 ^ rf ._ ^^.< one d R ^om) .5*
, iooe^^, s^Sbco
6.
OC
8. f'tf^fif 1 S3 r3
2.
* a
8.
4, sj&tf s'd'ssSSao ir6 s5tir^?6^. ,y
80(5
1. ipoooeS"
777
"o"
,2! & a 23
2. [EFccDoS" V& "i-^Sb 8
176.
6.
ccn*
^.,, c6o&2ifc (SS^ioiofi. S5cf*r6"o^ j^^
ti C3 *
3. 6 sp^^o 5Sd&?i) sj;
. . .. Ie2) 1B3 ^
(Malnutrition)!
ar
((Obesity) ,
_.. N 5?tm. MffnNCQ. c 5P<? ex>t
TTft
tl
rt>aou)
, S5o^3
C5QO.
2.
SSo<553 && SStodo. arSS), So
CJ ' k
-
(Scurvy),
(Rickets) ^^
, ^S^CsSxi (Calcium, Phoshorus)
and ostco Prosisis) a
/
doo
Sts Ssi
778
cor?
I 8>
(National Institute of Nutrition),
Sl on*
. s
(Education-Extension Pro-
grammes^
780
%>#& SStfo (Mixed Diet)
(Balanced Diet)
So* or-
?6sS
(Applied Nutrition Programmes-)
Feeding Prorgammes),
&eS (Distribution of Supllementary
' II
foods),
(School Luncli
Midday meals Programmes)
o^o (Vulnerable Groups)^
(Food Fortification) S$s*tt:
(Fortified
(Amico
acids),
(Modern Bread)
(Multipurpose FoodV
781
3
coo.
6?So*eG,
^0^
782
5,
>. a.
17T.
Soo
co
O CO
^303, 3^)253 S 53-SS
tas
BJT?
(Constructive Programme^
S$JpoOo<3, s
57=5 sya
,
L
(Technological Revolution)
SSotfdao esO^ofi.
(Industrial
Revolution) S5S"3
TJ,
784 finite II
eStf
(Automation),
g;o S)Ss5o (Green
Revolution), stftf tforro^
fComputoriation',
(Transistorisation)
2;eyG;;
a; *v
f^o (Modern
^ ^ ^ ^ r^ ^ WoSs 1 ^^ S&tffo^aot&^S, S5i56
gement Science) *^ ^ ^ ^^ *^
too
&JOP
735
KS?*" Stotf
. t>
o eo <* <t
COO 3G>3b 1
(Furfural)
f^ck (Insulation board) .
Dtforv aj^tf Sooibo
"S
O CJ
iofl,
(50)
786 aavSAitf II
(Overall Economic Returns.
f
(Agro-Indus-
(Essential oil ; #cip3 Sao 3 ?6a). tries Development*) &
(Modern Management Tecbiques) 0*^0* c ^ )0 *^S ^So3 ^sSs$ o ^O^KT= Ao<3
sea>?s
ITS.
787
f J tffl,
(Adapting ^
XI
83
Sofi dsS.
iSvo
1^00*0) (Metropolitan areas)
s&s*oa.
Pff^J iSOeb
iSocial tension)^ <5* Stf^dofl,
^Forces) S
50^0
^X)<5* O 9
f& S)<$on
789
5j&<30 - (1) *30M
&,<5^$p;S(Carto~ iSSSf" s'TS^ jfi*~ B^'Sa <*b6o (2
graphy) v^sS^. -^s ^^ S&apgorp ^T^r^
0*0 (SSQ^o*o)
180.
3o<3?5
( printing Technology) 6*S *&9*6*e> aB-rvo&*"/fr8> & ^fln- 100
1.
AodxoQ.
17 X 10" K.W.
_ 6.6X 10 21
790 a?&&& H
Aoixofl, -8
be ^Coo
85^55*
a- a
e-sf
as?aois$eSc ^a: (1)
(2) ^t>S sScrzpo). (3)
1150
, ^6065)
KSSjD-a
Son-
(1) atf^c
sScSCber, f 3V
(1) Qtf
5?rvex)K ^^^otf SSky (a)
^ J v b ) ^L^S* ^^ ^J
g'js* ^ ^fi^ ^?6&a) (Geophysical
resources)
791
S&fibcx
:- S5-fcex>,
So,
c6Q. b) Sj)?68 i left
, o
"Sxi
49 **tfo
Aofi.
SSo ea'SD^ea
1. U. M. Fpod 4
3 VcgSSxi 18o
tf Sib. GO. Qoti^ci 22
. 40
!b.
17
57 ^.e
4. Ds.tf.SSb.co.
10 Sas.tf.
(Land utilisation )
12. 8
3. 79
21 87
40. 24
56. 89
2. 8
16. 2
29. 8
42. 1
IS.
136.00
sjoti)
A 0-^035.
a. "I
S'atistiQS.
792
tfs-s-o
&&
2000 Son & c
SofiS
(Climatologist) SO.
. 1975
400
58 87
88
83^5?
O'er*
793
400 g'daSb liQfloa. 2,000 oiioaS 800
2,000 Son
CO
2. * 3&tf\ 3 5
*.'. CD
(Geometri-
cal Pro^regsionj a* "^^ro&o(3. ^ofib
S3 (1650 A.D.)
5 ^
CQ
. 1750 gen 8* sjt,
50 ^& lb5AoS. i8iO Soil ^
100 *4a& liQAo<3. 1950
250 g*4:b "^dAoa. 1975
cp
CO
(J)
9
5
sS&fce
784 3S$Aa* II
&, 2&?68^!bo#o
Selected References :
1. Zimmerman E. W., Introducti n
to World Resources; Hdrper
Row. N. Y. 1964.
2. Hagget Peter. Geography: A
M dern Svnthesis; Harper fa Row,
S3 3 aj 2j S (0 C O S y &J fO O oJ CJ ro^ I^T \f O 7 t
IN. I & I 1 m
8. Thompson W Hard. & Lewis,
S.T. Population Problems: Tata
Me graw Hill, Bombay. 1965.
4. Venugopal B , Arthika
Bhugola Sastramu; Telugu Akadaml
(Teluguj; Hyderabad 19/2.
181. ^2)j^ SSaCGO (Rural Settlements)
IT
(3) esJSS)
JM - M , . a Sites'
_. ^-"^"j ~ ^ w i- 1 - 1 "~
^
(2) S. ^8) S)^^E&. (1)
So- e-S" rfsS*
6*3*^$ fa
ASS
(2)
(Pattern of Settle-
ment.
(Spatial)
(Agglomerated Settlements)
SJ^jSeatf icrco.
(Dispersed Settlements).
796
[Tribes &:
^Hydrological Cond^ti* us),
(Inso-
lation^,
#5
(Field
system^ c
Sx> (Hamlets),
(Dispersed agglomeration)
2.
S.
4.
182.
^ (5T 8
(1)
: (,)
(2)
798
II
>AcSboofcoo<S.
y
sr
f racial traitiV
\ }
tfG $ (2)
O co
rftffitoo
SSSbeo",
WO
SS ^oeo,
tial energy -
(Water Poten-
799
(J)
Soco,
606
>a 3o<2?S
;>
dfl
o
Economic
Geography
Bibliography
1. C. F. Jones & O. G
Darkenwald;
The Macmillan Company
2 John. W AlexanderjPrcntice-Hall,
INC, Economic Geography.
8. Ellsworth Huntington . Principles
of Economic Geography.
4. Van Royen & Bengtson - Funda-
mentals of Economic Geography,
5. J. L. Guha and P, R. Chatterjee;
The World Press Pvt . Ltd. Calcutta;
A New approach to Economic Geo-
graphy.
6. NCERT Publications - Economic
Geography - A text book for Secon-
dary schools,
7. S^^ Stftf&j Vol. 5;
"3.
183.
(Urban Geography)
Geography)
(Urban
&odxofi.
(Urban region) S SbcoS5
(Euphratis) ^[A^ (Tigris)
3 ex> (Nile)
5,000
400
76%
(Geographical factors)
(2)
1. P. 13. India -A Reference Annual 1974.
(51)
802
, 305,
C3
(4) tf*T i C3*Cc> Sij 19 ^ w*r3*coi 1970
~~ & . ' oi
icyeo:
(Metropolitan city)
O
^h 8D<S 0^,<3 3odi^ Aotrooa.
(X, CO ^
(Industrialization)
808
(1) S&S* (2)
tf?f, (4)
(3)
S^oipfio.
. "3 co
1971
sSfifS 3=*g
CO
a^C-
1.
!ToSfo
70, 31, 382
2.
TcE7>^.
59 70, 576
8.
it)
40, 66, 698
a
<S 9 z3 TT^ JT wt^^OftjCJ' j yy" 3 *$jr*C)^'"^
4.
&ICP&.
^*^\ O 4j M (O * B * CCxX^ 29 O (So ^Qj5Q ]
24, 69, 449
5.
5-*o-B-5
17 j 96, 839
6.
a-i cro-5
17, 41, 522
7.
Sorted)
16, 58, 779
8.
svS^fib
^12, 75 242
9.
f 2^7*3
11, 85, 034
Source : Registrar General & Census Commissioner of India : Census 1971. Table35
*^5% ^ 19.91%,
1971
54.79
10.9 *> ^
|fiiD(x)' r5n^ g3o*5J*y*to 78 87 ^,
78 68*. | Zr^e* 69.97%,
69.86",,
68.09%,
io* ft*4A
80S
tt
U-
1931. 1331. 134-1. 13151 1361
fetw*
a^aOT*
.*.*
^AO 83^3^53*
(5oS)g
~"
s <So6"^
o
|
1.
1921
?5, 12, 39,492
11.2
2.81
2.
1931
27.8S 67,4SO
12.0
8.34
8.
1941
31,85,39,060
13.9
4.42
4.
1951
36,09,60,365
17.3
6.24
5.
1961
43,90,72,682
18.0
79
6.
1971
54,79,49,809
19.9
10.9
P. 7. Table L2. India A Reference Annual 1974.
P.I3. Table 1.12. India A Reference Annual 1974.
808 fiaptfAaS' II
sfcS&fo f 8
2,641 Sofce^od* i47 t>spo a-j^sr
CJ
207
Ksyc* <3rton rtbesSSj.^ (Geometrical
tf.S. 178. e$S &*oieS"
^ n
ratio) T ^^ ^o^ofi. 51*6
CO
cT, SjioE?co
.
a- 1 XJ
?OD8Dolo
QO * oco
tt
fib. 578.65
BIBLIOQRAPHY
1. Registrar General and Census
^J^!T VJW ^1i K>J Commissioner of India, CeDSUS-1971.
2. Growth of India - India, a Re-
MW ference Annual 1974 - Compiled by
o-a the Research and Reference Division,
807
Ministry of Information and Broad-
casting, New Delhi.
8. Arthur E. Smailes, The Geography
of towns.
4, Taylor G. Urban Geography.
5. Agarwala S. N. Population of
India; National Book Trust, India;
New Delhi : 1967.
S.
184.
-Nt
5*3
ScxS^^bofi.
ft) C9
-959^6 ^Si" (Bobek), 19653
(Van Passen) e&spfio
(1)
19
II
dotui), &?bsa5 (Thucidydes,
0*6
(Antbropo Geogra^
"J> Frediric Laplay")
O s /
(Durkheim")
(Vidal de la Blache)
. 1917 - 18
(Monsoon Asia)
8
de Vie
?56" 5 3_ (Genres
Sdbco (Patterns of living)
Brunhes';
/
3.
, 2.
Sio
. 4.
l "3 (Pierre George and Maximilien-
1943-53^*
\^ oL
^ 564,00
o
edbrfflfci
809
2)
S<
*
SJ OS* '' ^, ,^ ^-^ , ~ ~~ ,.-
^.^i . ^^> ^. v ^ -- i~ - - - v ^ri
S} 1
sjfl i
8l6 Stefc5s>S' II
si a
<D o
Cb
O
(Genre de vie)
. 3* A* ^0 S35?oc?o
185.
(Cartography)
"*>
2)1 C,
*9o"fe
co-
So-
(Locational), Sj^
tions),
(Phenomena)
try),
(Function)
v. /
(Spatial Posi
CPc
tfaJ*gc&> S J^
(Base Maps)
, (Trigonome-
o, (Geodesy)
812
II
(Aztec)
^fipfib
(Turin Papyrus)
estf^S
S (Hecataeus),
(An^ximander),
(Eratosthanese) ^*oSb, (Ptolemy),
(Manin Beheim\ 20
<3sp,
[i ?'. 15 4 IS (
Gerhard Mercator)
T^c^S"
SCPCP S^c
T. 1769
0*5"
.tf. 1788
^S 1
("Map of
Hindustan") &'
19
(Lithography)^
(Photo Engraving),
(Aerial^
Photography)
818
i^
^Elements of Cartography]
6,871 Jb. o
corv
fife
^0^
, "IsS
oo
L
1,
So 2 Sib.
Hitf
. So 1 SSb. ^o* 2 "aobs Sb
815
(Qualitative)
/ Quantitative )
CHELTENHAM WIDE ITALIC
GOUDY BOLD
Goudy Bold
GOUDY BOLD ITALIC
Goudy Bold Italic
CASLON OPEN
Some classic or old ttyi* fetter
BOIM>INI BOLD
Bodoni Bold
ttODONI BOLD ITALIC
Bodoni Bold Italic
Spme modern letter style*
MONSCN MEDIUM GOTHIC
COPPERPLATE GOTHIC
ITALIC Some sans terif tetter styles
fUTURA MEDIUM
UDIAN BOLD
ITALIC
2-
816 asr^SM II
(Topographic-
^ i6e9 &n>a L r ex>,
stral)
, sg) brfe$ sheets oodoea S$7r5)[f e, xr&& /Cada
/to L ' ^ \ ws*-
, 3 tftfcSdi,
-^
<^
g'X' > jcr8 */ j= -5 " cOS^JrOO odCoCT^^S ebeDCCb^ c5a>3T*c3* [ Model)
References
. RaiszErwin: General Cartography,
Mc-Graw Hill Book Co; NY. 1948,
2. Raisz Erwin : Principles of Carto-
graphy^Mc. Graw Hill B ook Co,NY,l962.
8. Robinson, A. H. Elements of Carto-
graphy. John Wily and Sons Inc. NY,
1968
(Wall- 4. Misra. R P. Fundamentals of Carto-
rnaps\ 5"^ "^S^/^ ^5^ T? *s
) c of cya (oas&o:. graphy, Prasaranga, University of
Mysore. 1869.
186.
(i)
(ii) 1)3 KP fiuS" i
S)?6o
^S(Suucture) (2)
3* Si 55 $&fS2dj*
(Processes) (8)
(Cycle of change)
/Deposition*! Phases) S^&
(Tectonism) |
53* fi
5?
(Quantitative geomor-
phology)
( Dvna *
819
(Vegetation)
Aofi.
(Structu-
ral Geomorphology 1
(Lithology),
(uplift and subsidence^
Geomorphology)
(belts) ]b
o (Climatic
rO 5"3^Co
b*> (Cli.
ii
matic Parameters)-
A- L
; D. S
A
2.
; C
2)
(Empirical formulae)
(Applied Geomovphology)
821
-^8
1ST.
55*5^
12 14' - 19 54' ^r^d'
, 76 60' - 84 60'
, 74,680. tf. SSb.
.
tj
965 S to.
* -CScr- :
o!^, (3)
(1)
o.
(2)
(6) a^
too), (8)
(10)
(6)
, (?)
(9)
(11) a-tf^ffj, (12)
g22 Sepsis' ri
c$) ( \\ h$ (2oQ*r6s$, (2^ dcp&'N S'c&cSb^x, ^5^00 V ofibsp^ ir6 \ Ac6D ij*5^)
V y f \ ; j vy OL o
TS^ I:^l3?&. ^^ 3& 12BO ^436 (4100').
V / O O
o
ff'^
CO
K Q
o
p^bo
O
. o. t>5 ?6^to i)^b 1066
CD
g7^c7Yfi3'<iii
>
t
3.
"s>jot)5
606, Sa ?5^to ^tfc 488
CO ^ O
610 S^do ^eJ^b Aofi. gfi
0*6
828
ST'S) SO^GO
720 5.
eBg-
do
5fi e
aO. 8.
41. 1
IB. 7
19
60
89
df^sao cioS
-: on-
100.
1ST
824
<3^orj* 16^ Stfo
S* 64, 504 tf. 5. Sb. o S^g
sygiou) ^^^ooc*. g
^ 23.5%. jrytfrfStfoS*
F.5.
CD
, i)3s!b^
127 ao.Sbc
C3
CC\ -a. K. vr A 7C~= ^ /Of, f " QA*^
OU.RjO.Ib- fO)O<3 (&cOO.aJO. ^l -OU )
D^ Bl^tf 16 ' 94
, >dc#Saexco,
flT^o,
S.
o
188.
3,267,5CO tf.g.Sb.
, 8 4 1 - 87 6 f
68 7 J ^ 97 2& 1
54.7 ff*to (1871).
8,000 Stb.
8,200 Sjb.
J5,200 fJb
, 5,700 sSb.
18.
61
Sa&o.=c
ST3> 22
(J *
63*6"
2.
826
II
2,050
3tfeo^;
5,280
150 &o& 400
2.
5,000 Jb.
8.
6,000 io.
2 (8,61lSb.);
; 8, 75; Jb.);
(7,817!b.)
fcc-fio*
1608.
fia
|SS*6 , ftsi",
82?
OD. fiS^odb "3 ffiCb, )*vS I^Oft^SSxi^rSS. 2S9\SSD S'rSD^DCO,
(Rift-
Valley) ^e fijjiS'cs^sSMiSo 'Sofa
So^g
^ 8 ^S rS
(1732 Sb.).
],600tto.
(2,687 b>.).
o
Sd
o
II
S5o
fi
&r5jfl.
cP-sS r^
ocpotftf
n
55-6"
0^)^25 tJD) S5afodbcoo"fe,
ff* A^f
3
0*0
2.
E9
3.
829
: (1)
(2) &J*tf SD
Bibliography
1, Governament of India-The Gazetteer
of India, Vol. L Publications Divison;
Ministry of Information and Broad
casting; New Delhi.
2, George Kuriyan - India ,. a general
Survey; National Book Trust ; India,
New Delhi.
3 Dudley Stamp, L. - The World;
O/ient Longman.
4. Pitchamuthu C.S. - Physical Geo.
graphy of India; National Book Trust,
India; New Delhi.
6. Krishnan, M.S - Geology of India
and Burma jHigginbothams (Pvt) Ltd;
Madras.
6. Spate, O. H. K.& 1 India&
Learmonth, A.T.AJ Pakistan;
Methuen and Co ; London.
7. Bose, S.C -Man, Socity & Comm-
erce: Kamala Book Depot, Calcutta.
8 N.C.E.R.T, -Economic & Commer^
cial Geography of India ; A Text book
for Secondary Schools; N C. E, R. T;
New Delhi.
9. 3o>rt> Sfir^ StfgSgiShD - VoL 5;
XII
189. 030! tf.
V- w
, g)83
Pre-
cambian)
^. [
oj L_
S) o56c) &^5^ ooo
55* ^,5"
[0:5*^
, .
260
300
ex>
j
ex
CO CO
CJ*^ 8 o^aCS'^, S
CO O O
L L. a* *
CO CO
co
, [AS"e
a'o* 3c>
42, 000
o
60 *d) f6oS5^\oo ^ri^ocS" 1 ^^\<i 4odTax>, Q ^ipS S
, 83oE?O^X), /^O^O* if &O 06
CO CO
. SjS
I
n L
L.
180
sot?
rSi^off* "2> tfS ^sSsSx> (Ferrous
O ' ^~
miuerals) Sj3^ ai^sS gp^aj^ n*&ocp c^S"
"2>itf5 5*S*sio-(Non-Fcrrou8 minerals)
832
II
60
60 0X0
(6, o^; GS?^tfo (8. o);
, S^fcrofiO,
0*0*3
O
1.8%
60 0X0 tv
"3
c
CD
"ol" :
1967
co co
CO O
"So s :
68B
CO CO
600
^g ff
1970
90%
. 1970
a.
CO CO
cp.oa" 8
Sex 3*6^0^3 6" 000^
(53)
Q CO
CO
Ls$stfo *oe*a
eJ SF^OD (mineral Pigments), 8>onj8| Cera-
mics), ^A\f6^^ sSc^o 8 - (Refractories],
3, 3. 0-$; 3ea>rt> ^3-^^ ,6S>5ea; 1974*.
* ^>
2, Geography of Irdia & Burma by
M S. Krishnan. 1968 Higginbotham
(p) Ltd. Madras,
8. Geography of India by D,N Wadia
1966, Macimillan & Co. Ltd.
London.
4. Geography of India by A.K Dey.
1958 National Book Trust of India.
Delhi.
190.
(Minerals and Rocks)
(Texture) &8d&> ao6B3S (Structure^
(Homogeneous Units)fu& t
(heterogeneous units)
Cf (Inorganic Substance),
Properties)
(Petroleum)
feoS^ - graphite)
(Long Range Atomic Order)
&& (Crystalline State)
(external form)
(Symmetry) 5^ a
(Atoms)
(Atomic groupjo^ t3o&e>&5a
( Th
ree
dimensional Pattern) 8*
cal")
/
s
(Minerology)
(Chemi.
>aaf ^ia 11
(Geometric Forms)
E3-S ^g2o&c56 fiorSSsioe (External-
Geometric Forms), wotftf icJ&'Ea
( Internal Atomic Structure)
^ <>
\.cj tu
(crystals)
dBbofi
(Crystallography 4 ). , &
(Optical Properties)
_ olt
(Non - Metalic Minerals) &
(Microscopic examination)
<||)M (Crystallography):
2.
cal JMinerology) :
(Chemical Structure) &dc&>
3.
Minerology) :
: (Physical -
(Igneous)^ad^
885
(Optical Miner .
ology) : $>
SPSS' tfo^ew: (Physical pro-
perties of Minerals):
-* o
(Diagnostic valuej K
(crystalline form)
(Structure)
(8) &S^^oSSx (Hardness)
(4) SdSlT^SS^) ^Cleavage)
(5) ctf&o (Fracture)
(6) SSe5^ (Colour) &Od&>Ato (streak)
(7) &g^ ^Lustre)
(Sedimentary)So
32.0
9.6
16.8
3.8
7.9
100,0
"3(30
22.3
80.0
25.0
6.6
5.7
11.4
68.8
l-.B
6.6
1.8
11.1
2O
o
100,0
100.0
886
rfb
(rock candy)
00
C3jjo
(Molten rock materials)
_i M (Metamorphism)
' (Sublimation)o
Seeo (Rocks) :
^^(Heterogeneous Aggregates)
(Rock cycle) o<3r-rt 3ofi
(Sedementry)
*' ( Igneous V
(Dynamie^
Thermal)
(Petrology) s5gS5s5^QoSjK>^)?i). 00),
caboS'j. Rc^wsSa (Structure)
(Texture), gpSa o&fctf
(Hardness)
(Factures in Hand
Specimens)
(Igneous Recks) :
(Molten
Silicate Rock Material)
li5
(magma)
(Lava)
(Magma)
Soeo,
Bofl.
(exclusive) 3tf
(3 dlrS_(" >
, L " fc
^oi; (Intrusive)
(Plutonic Rocks)
n*|^, &|
6e&i [_5oi
" (Hypabessal rock)
blages)
(Characteristic assem-
3*^5"
. So*
8S8
(Glassy Materials]
S&tfg
(Glassy grand
Mass)
2. ^fili^ Soeo^Sedimentary rocks):
(basin) oS^ ^
^Sedimentary deposits)
(Pre-existing rocks)
(weathering)
ion; o S^S5^o^
d&odfo?6a.
(eros.
3 a-
(angular)
(cem-
\
ent) ojjo*
|SoS
(2)
(8)
d (Organic origin)
oS* ^cft?6tosSo(S
(Loose deposits)
iSbfSj
(4)
Basin)
a.
(1) Q3
(Striated) 3g ?5o^6^3} (bedded)
. a"3 l sSe8o
888
(Glassy Materials) tfSrj >
(Glassy grand
Mass)
2. osSliLi Se>e(Seditnentary rocks):
(basin) oS* ^
.Sedimentary deposits)
(Pre-existing rocks) dtotf;,
(weathering) Siadio ^^o^dfisSa (eros
ion- o
6 fib,
(angular)
cem-
ent) 0*30*
[ofl
(1)
(2)
dfib^sS^o
(3)
S (Organic origin)
3_S "i;5es;$x>s><*) (Loose deposits)
(4)
(1) QS
(Striated)
ja^^ (bedded)
(2
remains)
(Fossils)&
aksS oeo
(Organic-
rfo&.
(Past) rS
(preexisting rocks)
(evaporation)
(rock salt),
(litne stones), S*o
( Vital activities )
(shells)
(shell lime
stones), $*&*\Q' S36^^s5a5co, (phospha-
tic nodules), i>?* J5odcSo T/*6
Scco (Metamorphic rocks)
(Metamorphic rocks), "80*5^0 tftf
L^^** (Metamorphism^
(chemically active fluids)
w|jSsS (mica) SbQcfico
loo
(1) S'fiS <3>o^odTtf^^ (Thermal -
Metamorphism) ^adSb (2) tf&io ASl
^^^ ^S^o^tf L^_ft (Dynamic Thermal
MetamorpMsm)
(Country
rocks)5
8*6
)
S'tffiS'oS'&X),
' v^ftx'v ~ ticS} ^; As
)*rO^)COSSOa ^3^* ^
c5oo. S
191. 8e7SSxeo (Fossils)
(fossil
spaa
o5 05 d'^S" jer-83SS^) n*^ rts_6o3s3&. ^^e^eotp^.
18s
*-
(Xenophanes) w
600) L A5 3{
(Herodotus) (J 5^.400) ^B^^
crso^ ^
84-822)
841
. [I.*. 980-1077
(Avicenna) e3
Si" OO&D
i
L
(Leonardo da vinci)
.f. 1459^1619)
(Carolus Linaaeus),
(Giovanni Ardumo), 90 ACT 5"
(Abbe Giraud), ScfibS) &^^ (William
Smith) gogSc&S" (Cuvier), ^.S.e
(C. de. Lamarck) ff
(l)
. (2)
sSci''off 8
ito-
03 o a
842
tJ
Bofi
. esotfs
tftf ,0^!) i^oo Sbtf $ix>o<3 /^Ci
o-Stjetftf
8,0^0
843
SS5rfsSoS$sS&>
500
100
-00, r 6 ^ c6
2.
3
SSo oS)o)o(3.
C3
844 D^fiLs II
w ^ w
fSsS5jsS*Or6i
O CO
1
^ , 1 K
4. 5ooT* sv-viK ^M XP->-. *8
192. ^^os^e; ^CP^^OO (Geological Time scale)
^ ao
3^0
*
846
)\_3o&
6,500
3
oijSSa
(Cenozoic)
Quaternary
(^Tertiary)
(10,000)
1,000,000.2,000,000)
, ooo)
(25,000, 000)
(40,000,000)
(80,000,000)
(70,000,100)
846
II
(Mesozoic)
(Peleozoic)
(135,000,000)
(180,000,000)
(226,000, 000)
(270,000,000)
(805,-. 00,00^)
(350,000,000)
(4,0^,000,000)
[6 S*B
(Proterozoic)
(440,000,000)
(600,000,000)
(600,000,000)
(2,600,000,000)
(1,200,000,000)
(Archeozoic)
(4,500,000,000)
(8,200,000,600)
0.
193.
(Internal Constitution of The Earth)
(P- waves and s-waves)
_ *s. . ,
sr^sSotfo e&rtbo
(composition change), fedsSyCbj /phase
change), $*& sSpfib^ ^physical phase
change) esfibfo
oiD)d3 c6o*5 tfS^ ScoSw* sSDi5Sl*tf (crust
4000 v
' (Mantle) o
)** (Mohorvicic discontinuity)
3
5-40
(shear waves)
(core) ?S^
^ (Gutenburg)
B,000
848
II
6.52
&ofl
(Moment of inertia)
S'o'ft "l
fcfi
(Silicates),
(Temperature gradient)
200000
(Theremal state of the
Earth)
<t> CT
dfib
200000 C
1 9 2,000,000
(Radio-active materials) c $>g (charged)
'core)
aS, [tfiftft
(Angular-
849
motion
(Hydrodynamical Motion) &
crust
Jooo (ultra
(Hydrodynarnical - mafics)
SJ-tf
T& jO-jS)tffia
SaSSeSa-aaxe*
1( 26 )rr&x>
ifo*) e^o | <^o6s
J3 oi* CT* ^ ?T* oJ O
. So. "
s.h>.
5Ao5oO
yS* L^^2
o*S* sSofib
3oJ) 1 Ooj<?
i
o-
n*^ ^5-&
u
6371
O.U155
6
O.U08
O.Ol
(crust) A
38
6388
{Qolp0*'\ni & 3
418
5958
0.1667
62
0.104
5o cdoSoo \~j
984
6387
0.2i8l
8
0.164
(Mamle^D
2893
34,73
0.448
245
o.uo
&o*$u*\rt E
4982
!389
0.1616
188
0316
t^a&fe) F
5121
1250
0.0028
(core) G
00076
a*&>
f98.
3o&e>&6 !LtfcsS)ao^daba iEri
(Metallic Hydrogen) S*
S)4sx>, a- 3
(Thermostat) JT
( Hydromagnetics )
(54)
194.
A ,^000
^o
(Porecambrian N ;
t5o [Shield)
6CO
4000
go, LS^
2500
(Geological
eld) footfo-rton* 13oD*?So (lado-GaBge-
tic plaint, QQoSja'o'x EPSpeii^o^o, (Extra
^otfe>6*
CO
$>)e3o.
851
1891
$45* wotf o*^
3 Sea,
, 0*83^^
co t
(folds)5*&,
GO,
1,500
830
3000^4000
862
^ofi.
(troughs)^ 6 all a^S
6000 -
.*
oL
ie8
eajea
?So5aex>
120 Sto.s5o.
o, jjbcipa"
loexi.
a
o
>sSo d
Sbtf
Si tf^ A cO-ooa.
195.
868
-L. ~ ' OL *
._ J Cd). ouOrO O^txX CO^ ^ * L ^
&5' 5*00
Si6oS?tf
. Sfi
Shallow Trough
a* ii
Koir-S>o6
: (1) & j*tf ^&
864 r*?S<3a II
r
sWj efts
9 fi*uarv>f3
sfcofi. (NNW-SSE) w&a ^gc^
(hinter.
land) sy.^s w&3_ tf jsS Jfofi. fisa SsS
3^sS (Mahatiadi Strike) eS
e-S$.3 (ENE-WSW)
\ /
.s^o (dias trophic cycles') wi
Ocr e ^5'sx!-2,450 ZbDoSoS*
^Gangpur series) fl*&,
2, &.^lf ^ W$) S5 A 8-a&*55 ^ <r ^^ (sausar series)
S Dgo(Regional strikes)^) ^SSi^oSS S5ir\. sS^oo (cross foldsj & <*o_5
(outcrops)
(crescent shape)
(convex) $
(gentle dip) S*&, &&J- sC>3> (concave)
Sptf 60 (close folds) &
(Ovetthrusts) So
(Steep dip)
3.
(Horizontal -
compression) 8
stf o<3* J6o sS,
(Complex Folds)
f
i^ex) (Nap-
pel)
: 1.
(Arcs)
2. E
3.
SooA
(Foot hills),
(Lower Himalayas'),
(Great Himalayas),
(Trans-Himalayas),
toons')
/
Fes ^
-, ofi
OL
4.
- 3
(&NW-SSE) w&
S^^ f Green Stones) o I^
i^S"^ (Chlorine Phyllites)
(enechelon folds)
"3oK)<5
(monoclinal cross -
fold Structures)
. J).
196.
53-asra
O
e Q 9
3973
. gptf a 3*00*10
4, 90
l.
2.
8.
4.
6.
6.
7. 3(3
8.
9.
53<!3
857
100 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 600 900
858
1973 fSo.<
1,400
,
1.
2.
qp&eao
1978
230
^o (85
al 6
coa
. sjos*
8.
4.
5.
0*000.
, si^o&o,
11.
12.
:- fiT A,
:- o*fl, fc
D^cxo,
JbozreS
: ooo&Sio,
. 1972 iSon
2,900
jSo [1,100
^o
80 SS
9^830
2 s5
[5 ^ ^etSb] fcS^ [1 4
&",
1972 SoSrf^tfoS*
5400
197.
si ocaosj
s ,
li
1. Brown J. C. andDeyA.K.
India's Mineral wealth- oxford- 1965.
2. Krishnaswamy.S.
Indian Mineral Resources - Oxford
and j.B.H. Publications -1872,
8. Roy B.C. :- Indian Mineral Re-
sources, Industries and Economics -
Calcutta- 1973,
4. Sinha R.K. :- A Treatise on In-
dustrial Minerals of India - Allied
Publications - 1387.
"3.
. * . . . - - *" aJU_
2.
Planning) s5dfc& -
3.
881
4.
6.
Plans
( Contract
\
( Specifications ) S^Si
6.
7.
^Civil Engineering)^
fi
( techniques )
(Geological History), ^
(Stratigraphy) sS>ed& aa^ft (Structure)
eo (faults;
(Buried channels), <*bs5*
(Cavernous Zones\ ?6ls5^ (active)^
(Potential^
(Landslides) S$>ac&D (8ofirp
(Water tables)
erngj,
(Bcddicg)
(joints )> (S
SSoa (Foliation)
bfl
(Tunnels):
862
II
(aquiductS), g_
afrritf^Sx^
(Subways),
3.
o
^Structure)
(Runwaysj
^0*^8 (Topography^,
(Landslides^ :
dated^
(Unconsoli-
a e>o&<3
(Shalej
. 8.
4.
(geological;
868
5.
OP 8 Sc&&. 55 [SS
(Geologic Processes)
a^otfsSa (Hi* tor.
ical geological data) o&> 2j6le> S&
a
0*6
6.
198.
(Terrain intelligence^ E?O
dScoo&^.
Sofig'co
oSoaofiou) diooCfo^). 8*3
(Terrain appreciation^
3_?5 S^oS 5" (Schonbcinj 1938
864
II
m
ents),
, 2.
(Control) Bcfo
aoces
(Ele-
(Solar System)a^^ |KSfiao (Planets)
(Planetoid s)& eu
(10.7)
(Aband-
(Siderites)
EOCo^) ffeS&
Sitf S$T*30 W&O
oitfsSj'eao opg^*
eoA=10cin
&S 6Qs3j
9eJo
o
46.60
62.55
1.40
98.77
Si
27.72
21.22
0.42
0.86
Al
8,18
6.47
0.61
0.47
Fe
5.00
1.92
0.74
0.48
Mg
2.09
1.84
0.66
0.29
Ca
8.88
1.94
0.99
1.08
Na
2.88
2.64
0.97
.1.82
K
2.59
1.42
1.33
1.88
865
^ O
68 %
2.
8.
si fl
97
1963
i-5SiSfee&
O
_ '2, e
8. Sto, Ssio
(55;
Rcferetces
1. Bose; S. K. [964] Recent Adv-
ance! in Geochemic.-
al prospecting in In-^
dia for metaliferous
ores andlndian Mine
rals 18,pp 56.69,
2. Gold Schmidt V,M\ [1954] Ge(X-
II
chemistry. Oxford
Press;.
8. Hawkes H.E.and Webb; J.B,( 1962)
Geochemistry in
mineral exploration.
Harper and Row publishers.
Newyork.
4. Mason, B. [19E8] Principle of
Geochemistry; John
Weiley and Sons Inc.
Newyork,
199.
(Oceanography),
1842
rlcs Darwin)
o-B5
1872-75
1888-1920
71
(Cha.
(Echo Sounder)
(Diving)
rffcef
Vehicles)
(Deep-diving
1980-70
s'S' 33*000 F3, r6
867
1. I
2' ^ j
fetfSj) es>o ^Continental Shelf)
100
n
IBOSb^iw, ~ ~. j , . (Heavy minefals ^
7, Sa a*a ^co^ 42
2Q ol
3 T ^"i^ex> /Glauconite deposits), ;
*~ * " 2^3 & ^ftcjg'eii ( Phosphorite nodules \
190 .
SPeo Continental Slope)
V-
wptf (Sdb
. 20
86
40
i o
L n
(ridges)
(gravel)
^ J J U ^
30.000
88
II
{' Submarine
\
Canyons
3700
TO
rrents)
ajtftf
(Rocky Bottom^ &otoo<3.
(Deep Sea
729
(Ridges), <9*g_
( trenches)
(Mid Atlantic Ridge\
Y .
[sS*c>(Turbidity Cu- 6,000
as' 8,000
10,830
(10,800
^Diatom ooze),
(Radio ^ Kerian Ooze),
i^sSsS^ / Globigerina Ooze i
CO "- V *
Aotr-coi. .ifla i^rfii" a^&'o /Pelagic
deposits)
^oo Sbtf.
nodules)
(-Manganese
. 19
(^Binocular
1)*OoB&. rfo-stf 1926 . ^^ m ^^ ,0
x U
; 33c 3 air ( oO'mps.y
1952 sSosStf^tfSxiSr* CT*II 9. Si. *~
1952-53 sSs>#g.3>oe*&, tfo.^ ^S 8 ^^^'^ ^^
1956-56 ^ ' -"' ^ 8
54
*- " ^^J
.. >^. . * ^ ^ B
do B
500
i6ri iii oSo
200.
(20
(32 8.5b. 2
50
o&o (1. Sb.L. cX3bo.
ajsf* s-05/uro/^ou; i. a.a.
0.20 a
0.27
8
0.73
[Sofi
5,000
22.5 S.
226 i.
88 2>. >.);
400
4,500 SbSdJoS" {3osftrjoe].
&QABO&.
4000 '0(j5'
, t35"ex^o
,7.72 X 10 26
(500 3.Jb
871
Th 4+
tf 1 P.
1? Li
r^B^ff
Bocro. 1)
8.2 !b./%o.
oo
6A
3750
C00<5"
3i
4,000 So.
Sco^ofi. ("feoS"
.
Sio^o
10. .
NNW-SSE
).
I AS *
L. C5
so-a $0^0^.
Stf
^oOcSaS s-o^
530$3
201. 3 sr* 1 si 89
53^)33^
. WOMB'S,
cOSftj <&>5S tfjf&OO QrSDffr*CP 3uS
2.
connaissance Survey),
2, W^M
a^o sSdSo^ (Detailed geological inve-
stigation),
8.
iD (^Sampling),
tf&s^sfc : $78
j -.
4. -$>a3l^ oScS^oST 8 ;- ^o^oS) -^3oj(\3* /coining methods) ^^fd^o^ 8 ^), ,^Sb)p-sS
*^SSiio !"5eS" S5S)^r\3
Processes)
0*0
tftftfd*
:reo
a
(Petroleum)
^anomalies)
AJxSSS
e^ ~*
fo ^otoofi.
er
sfs
Sj
y
(altitude^ o
oS> (Pendulum),
(0.0 1
(Gravimeter) jjS&
to ufi&^a'ajS a
(Spring Balance) n-
a
cor? Aa f
S'Ib
(magneto-
meter)
(magnetite)
SSd$3n*3 I
00)
n-S.
n-a, a&gg" rj [i^^o on aaA as*
tftf *
1. S^dfio a&jff i*r 3*8 ( Self-
Potential Method) :-
^Secondary
fieldj [_1>3
| s
L_
875
SStf&eo OQ^O ^o "30^
tfd (Resistivity
)'~ *_
esS^ 2.
s^ ^
Tgeophoneje o-oo*
5&*i(j5 (Seisomgraph)ST 6
1.
2. Soo-3 tfS
.^ Q
$00 cS5s*iSsS, ao'^ea
tlr
(Geiger Counter, Scintillation Counter)
radiation\
loo
elements
^oo i_co
835^^6
, sfi
^anomalies '
(Indicator Plants)
(accumulator plant^
(Selection)
(460C)
photomet
ric, Spectrograpbic) sS
878
II
Sofitf (Hydrothermally
altered)
(tracer gases)&
o (absorpion spectra}
sa (absorb)
^wavelengths) /
(Iodine)
, 0*8
g'Ofl^ocl
(tracer gai) n S&
(i/iooo, 100)
(Very Sensitive Spectrometers)
,, SO,
2 2
(1962-72)
dBbflot)
(Very complex data)
(computorsi
202. osoi tf . SS
^- w
(Surface water Resources)
(Ground waters)
8T9
(Occurence) :-
eso
$00
( Porosity j :^-
i^sS (Igneous, Sedimentary and Metam-
orphicj
(Primary)
(^Secondary)
f Tectonic N ^6
\ / *
(Solution Openings) So*
fcsfcoD I Reservoir Conditions \
(non-porousW
(Vescicular
(Secondary por-
osity)
porosity)*otoo<S,
"8 <^go (weathering) sSo
lar porosity)
(sand) -
(inter granu-
.
(s ravel ) ^^
"3eso S
(clay)
(Effective porosity)
(^
iC3
Limestones
j
(storage), asoofc (yield)
Structure V
( StratificaiioD )
f Inclination of strata),
ing), ^oltfSSsSa (faulting)
(fold-
SOPCT*
Soc
fers) :- Q
uration),
(Types of Aqui-
6otf^^ (Sat-
aeration)
^S* (soil)
(Capillary) eso&S
ii
(Permeable)
Co,
/ Percolate)
(water-table)
(confined) &
sjS
0*0
^^es (Distribution);
80 2b.
(basin)
(Springs)
20 Ib.
S6
^Pre-Cambrians :
( Jointings
es be>
. -basr*
eao^dS
^Gondwanas) -
aS (Consolidated)
(dip)
"tftfifirr
'(Seepagei)'
831
200 Sb. S*& tf& rfo
st<S &&$ /Cumulative Piez-
ometric Surface ) 29 Jb.
(Flowing] ft
Traps]:-
80
jahmundry Sand stones- Equivalents):-
Cuddalore
9oex
^Coarse grainedjd*
30
19
(Alluvium):-
60 Sb.
(56)
eaoo
?o
(Exploitation) .v ^g
(dug wells), tfo[_#Si EJ'S^eM (^bore
stasJte c-fteo (filter points ),
(tube wells) w
1.0
c?<5
8 Sb.
200
,^ (Hard)
oo* E^SS)o e
^68*^ ( draw down
1000 &.&.
6-12
Jb.
200 Jb.
Wells
tfo o-ea&O
882 $sr*r5cjj)$f II
3 > 20J
6 Sb.
Q '" ~~^~~ " ~ '** oJCJCJ tO'ST* S^a^ Q5.%
bOO io, Si. _
. ^. <&&+
600 Sb,
16CUOOO fe&g
6 Sb.eo
s) si^oa. g'
500
91, 267 _
coo^^ssittt lipesoo esfiS' SSQipEao^ S*fiC)So6o<S. esc
600
1969
asc SSScfio ar^o (^5*^0 eso
21
ton-
9
(Central gro
12 o^o und-water Boards
fca
S'. I).
1. Bala Sundaram M S, & Subia-
many am V.
Ground water Resources of
Andbra stale with special reference to
Rayalasima Districts Geol. surv. India
Bull, ser, B. No. 11. 1959.
2, Central ground water Board,
Ministry of Agriculture. 19 "2
Summary results of ground water
Exploration in Andhrapradeili 1955-70)
Monograph No 1.
8, Deckshitilu M N. Ramana Rao N.
Prospects of ground water develop-
ment io Rayaheema region. Seminar
on Planning and development of Back
ward Region - A casestudy of Raya-
laaeema. 1970.
4. Deshmukh D.S Ground water Ex-
plotation in Godavari^Krishna Inter-
Stream area, /^ndhra Pradesh, India;
Symposium OB Development of Ground
water Resources. Nov. 1978. Madras.
Vol III. PP.V. 113-122
5. MeinzerO. E; The occurrence of
ground water in the United States with
a disccision of Principles. U.S G.S
Water Supply Paper 439-1928.
6. Raghava Rao K.V. An Estimate
of the ground water potential of India.
First Approximation; Invited speech
at the Soil and Water management
Symposium at Hissar, Haryana, 1969.
7. Raghava Rao. K.V. Long term
ground water investigation and Man-
age!* ent Programme in AndhraPradesh.
Andhra Pradesh Academi of Sciences
Bull. NO. 11-19 4.
XIII
203.
Ds"tfon
204.
8P
_,
dSoo
' * -i. a3
J&o.
:
886
^ rt-fo,
: 1.
3. S&gS 4.
e. gaa^^e^ T.
2.
esdi
(5) <fi
ae53
886 Ste'SatS II
2.
3.
3 GO.
4.
er
cJ
5.
O
&e
?6
DO e3dS:r> "^ CPo SSr-sS^o
3.
205.
on* <3
o
60 v iBira, us^o OdODfL
a
o
30
?So^(Geological Survey of
India) fir 6
asOAofi,
wo[CJ ^^ Sc^^d^o^, e.S'
b flrt
BQ y j v ^ . -
. oc ^rionsi j $i QDO cS o3og od&o0^ rfj^if 236^06 1968 ^
o, BSc
S&33 s^SS M.Se a Aft
(U N E P T A)
i9e?
M. Sc (Tech) S^Co^ri'
G M. 5c ^Tech) &|_Aft SCQ ij3^to ^O'6'ra 4&
35
^ C a> o """ ' *^i ^-> ww w r^ttj 1 A3GC?p^s _
X
titfor^CD,
1968^ e,^
SQS^tfeo, ^ -
(Centre of Exploration
ScS geophysics)
w
10
25
16 siofi
889
?3oS (G. S. I)
. 1980 ^
I ^COJ^rVCcOC, rvJOCWCO^CF oJS. J)fi
1 O
ofi. cijDrS
i \ rOoSO J*
tJ O
e)"3 to, c^A, cxi^'^o > do
^^0, ^c^iSfl
o S^So, Sorfib
CO
fip
n
83 J :
4 65-
g
-
(Council of Scientific and Industrial
Research) SP& '*r>cr5r&&* &g &>&$
& g*83 ii^O^ ?6c^ (National geo-
physics research Institute & 1968 S*
12
65. fc
sSd'cro?i) -
#o?S (Remote sensing Agency)
eogtfo
iotr
L ,o
i us
891
g
v/
43otfo fesSD^) go^eso 3' to
> a.
206.
aQ73
5^55 fi^S
892
11
17. 5.
?6dcBb^
Scio^eso,
(ii)
(iiij
(iv)
(v)
o;
(I)
) a,"!
17, 18
1735
on
352)
Ao^doo
tftfo
(ii.)
d (JSofi 3tfcrv
978
988
esc
r, oo,
8.4
*l
(iii.)
(iv)
"^53*
18. sS
OexSSo
o :-
16
Q CO
Aocl
s-sf cpcy^ SS (Pear) SSo&?5i
flVeo
80 b>.
894
II
6)65.390 8Sb f
6865.880. g.Sb.
6876.760 8.Sb.
2.
830
1962
2,
896
'80* foQ* /^o c \-jff loo* 80* o 40* 2.0* Q e Z0 40" 60 9 80* )0 e ILO 8 IfK) 1
Uao* ilfl" 100 80' 6Cf 40* 20" icr
2.
3.
1962)
19
. 9c3j*ox5"o
C3i\h
I^
L-
2 80
t>
118.7 8.60.
level)
Soflo
ifcoo,
(Isopiesnc
II
i& (Roots of Mountains) &3
^) fiC 5TO "6*65 S
<J> Q
3 w.
= 2.83
3^27
8. f
V
SSijoo
-5 -4 -3 -2. - i 2 3 4 5
897
70 .&>
S&eoS*
dinatesj
20T.
dian)" *9d&
Equator)**
(Magnetic Coordinates^
&d<Sc&~ (Magnetic Meri-
(Magnetic
d3co?6; a.
(^Magnetic
Moment) 8. 1 X l()25
(Gauss, cm 3 ). e
(57)
(0.6 fl*5). fi
tir-, ^>
j&a (0.8
ODJ*
0*0
x (Magnetic
(Dip poles)
force")
(Lines of
(Dip)
, 1200 S.Sb
. ^J SSrotfCf ^^5^ wo
( Main field )
d
(Core)i<s5
61(5
b. eoeiS"
Hrregulariticsj
Anomalies )
(j Sofia eo
^Eddies) ^o^
(Regional anomalies^
(Surface
1960
06. 5*10
[0003^^26x0
S'ea
radiations) ff 8 ^
f conducting)
899
/Corpuscular
(Magnetosphcre)
(core)
" Sun*
-(Geo - magnetic taiiy
(Extrapolation)
(Space)
(Sphrical
harmonics)
7.
(Secular)
(Temporal) ^3tfgx>o ( Variations JSS
(Isoporic)
900
(Epoch of ti
as
20.50
Sq)
(SoJar Quiet day Variation-
, Sq
, 1-5
L
Sp f L o ^o5tfT fr
tudes)
(Ampli-
eg
(Solar activity) a&^ Sn . &0&
aff (Equatorial elect rojet)
Sq f L
II
(Tialal oscillations)
(Ionospheric
winds) Atf^SoO
o^n ,
^^9 (Induce j
Sq, L
X-
D, E
Sq
,d^ Sq
Sfe (solar flare effect)
coj* Sfe
r3&d&&>eo&,
. Sfe eo rftfein- 20.30
, 5
rms)
(Magnetic Sto-
(Sudden Commencement)^*
H
iff
801
i
12-24 tfcfco s*ooo<3, H
asStfSarp' tfft
(Recovery)
*e>olb
(Active Sunspots)
CCXP
$)c( Solar wi
H
a.g'
H
33-8
(Geologic periods^
H
8.
ma
jSgS (Paleo
gnetism)
(R
em-
narxt Magnetisation)
(Assumption")
(Paleo magnetic
Reversals) &&r-& 6,000
ings)
(Cluster of ancient bear-
00
(Reconverge)
(i)
;te&> (Aperiodic Shift)
8T7
^metalliferous deposits) &>!
eso
reconnaissance
(Remote-Sensing Techniques):
(Airborne geophysical, geochemical
Techniques):
"1 1^x0:6
L
S^^^iS" (flux gate)
Proton-
(Low
frequence Electromagnetic field)
(eddy
curr-
ents) fS
(Secondary field) tf &
sa.
(Infra-red)
(GeDphyucai
signals)
(short radar pulses)
returns)
(gamma ray spec-
troscopy)
902
tl
er mantle) 3
(ii)
(Concept
of Continental drift) & 1910 ff 8
fi3 >
S&o
fig&eeo(Mid-ocean rifts),
(Dispersal)
(Subcrustilj
(Overtur,
&*
. S
208.
(Seismographs, Travel - Time Curves and Internal Constitution of Earth)
(3.)
GQ&&.
908
x, y,
003)
K
SdoSSbo 1. 1.
.
2.
4.
. At
&-L*&)3-l4sS$a
908
: (1.)
x, y, z
904
it
tf tf&^^
d 6s=^
>
doifc^o.
, & So
(Indian Meteorology Depart-
ment) 53*8
eao
CQJ*
rSo?5 ( National Geophysical
Research Institute)
tftfo^^boo^a
a,
. P,S
2,
906
S'eaSSx.to 3otr*g*tf
3)
4.
"S^eo,
il
vj 30
i-
JSO 2OO 250 300 3SO 40*
/ , / A
t j j t
"&** / /
We .**./& /
/
256 390 350 4M +SO
8 S.S
t =
6 S.!b.
^3
, B x
"5s
&*oao^ >f 3$ DBS
^t DSS
1972-76
80-60 S.Sb, 2900 8.&.
808
O 100O 000 3OOO 4000 5000
rMi
YD
O 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 Gooo
SAj&o8.
Pn, Sn
P,S
(Mg,
, p , s
O S
Pn, Sn,
, cooos
e] 2 Sio 4
. 400-600 S. So
1948
909
1. Eiby, GA. About Earthquakes;
Harper and Bros. N.Y. 1967.
2. Hodgsoo, John H; Earthquakes
and Earth Structures. Prentice Hall
Inc. N. Jersey, 1964.
8, Richter, Charless F. Elemen -
tary Seismology; W.H. Freemason &
Co; San Francisco. 1958.
4, Annual Reports of the National
Geophysical Research Instt.Hyderabad,
5 Stacey, Cook and Gyer. Global
Geophysics. 1971.
209.
r ca
800
60
e
3exoiro6.
X 10 10
, 1 tf.
1.5
80 X
Sotfo
2. 10 12
. 1989
SSo
CT3 O
910
v
f)7?
20-80 Iboibg
mal gradient)
Ic/100 !b. ^o^ 7c/iOO 60.
2.
to ^- u~
0.00lc
s*j?6 *)0^ a,"! _ _
< ff" ^fl A r?rft "o x *^'&VK'V' -d
ttJ J rOcuDSOE3OtJ &4
19 * ^
O
eother
Ss*^ ^es^o ^s [J3o<3 ^
8.4 ib4)&
a'.SoiJ 25cp#tj)\ ^"^ A;<
^ ol 3"
911
1.
70 ^^o,
*^.o
?6 5 S. Sb.
q-Ojtf
K 40 . bfi
U 238 , Th 232
, 6 x io- 13
35 3. io.
^
too?
912
II
&re>3*o
bo&co
<fir*o
S. So.
6,000
5000 r
'000 2000
3000
4000
5000
2.
2.
. id.
918
2.
/fo
8.
3ou5bPooo.
33
4.
210.
tfo^
eo
(58)
914
II
as*
10" 5
^strike]
^S^ sSp^ tn-Jbfetib ^
O OL
, COP
23
^S^as 5PdSc)0^e,
i ?6sS)f(S|fS)
, i&^-Srs-
915
(Hi) rS&s*o
reduction^ :
SsStfes (Epoch
(Magnetic Contour
Map)
a-^o* COP
86* (Second Deriva-
tive Method)", "
tinuation Methods)".
(Con-
co^
. J)
-^-8
916
eaS Jb,
lOOOr
91?
. 05
211.
did
II
1)
3$
\
fctf fotfatfg
cadfofl^ofi. sj(3
2).
2)
, a. aj-^r, 8. v
, 8
918
* O
. 3
10 ^ofi 60
CD ol O
2.
3.
4.
1.
983. 221
T
2.
6367
978.049
0.3088
920
ll
, e Sfo'tf
0.04.191
4.
eso
fl
?5o?S j x
3 o,
tfflSS
[&*O55*CO.
. 2.
. 4
)^63 $"4,2)500
) ^oOoo fiTT
921
tf'
O
SSofiD- SioO
6}f6a
C^eo
RXA
R
A =
L =
(ii)
(i)
^ar*
RKfooO
eg,
LSS8 sS^
s*oow
5*0
"i. 1
^
925
(1)
(1)
fyotf
(2)
(3)
ooo
(8)
923
II
Setf,
J
-^
(92g)0*
100 ^ofi 10.COO
100
Stfo (Relative Phases)
98T
JkfiB&o6. B-cfl,
(*)
So-
10
60.
oo o^
928
&&&>& IToSSdoo
214.
SoSSS
fed
^ofi
SDeoSSo
So-tfo i
"^ v A s\_ / -=
ojno S, oJOy cO
-fed)
1.48
1. 19
$c&5f D*o.
1.6
4.0
t^co
2.0
8. 5
&^$00 t 5*0^tD
2.6
6. 5
|n-3 e
4.0 _
6.
e>5rco
6.0
6. 6
ci
929
. S5,S
L
|jS8
^oou) [8068
Sit
as*gb
fi&S
Stfeso,
(59)
930
2>sr II
S'oiS
12 33 24
2 S^ 24
tftfon-o 53*6-^3
S'oSSS
1} J)
tftforpoa
981
Saab
S
1,
1 &6c&> 2 o
tftfors-o
"g^co
oL O
932
II
20 40 80 100 120 140 160 r80 200 220 MO 260 280 300 320
met*
meters
GRANITE BED ROCK
2)
CPU
no
, cS&^c&o,
ra
p odo5" i fi.
- - Th -232
9oo,
[2. 68 3o. &. iJ-Tl - 208), U - 238
(1. 76 3o. *. >- Bi - 214), K - 40
fl. 46
Kpn*
So
SPcD EX*?T i ^*tA)O9O 3J*Ouico cJOW (1)
sj %w w ii { ^^ rt O * '
IN_ ^
jj>(\,
()
&
rs-S, era- $.
$tf ^"&
o
dbs
O
II
ttf
(iii)
(i) >&p
*ofc^ cobog";,. 9&}|d& e^coDSP. o*^i ^~ / "20
985
tfr
a.tf tf n So ii
100-800 6* : as$tfS5SXo& 2,000
20,000 6
Ko
S3CPG
n*o6,
Cb&^c&o, ^
S^tfea
"3.
216.
1)3
, d. c^o
. sJD,
. Nal
(Tl) ^
. 60 1. -^8. !).
SS7
Stfc Ge-Li, Si- Li
1 , S5M8PJ07T>
1.1,
Io
S5otf od* X
a
5i9odj-6.
Z. J5
Z eff )
ring)
h v o
Q^sSea (Scatte
. h v, P, Z eff
137 Cs (662 "3. ^B. b)
eff
fcrio,
100 . *.
1.2.
wdSli^tfcao ^c
rv^) tsafi^
x -
Nal (Tl) ^fls-eo (1 - 2 S>. Jto.)
(Z < 50)
(Selective Filters)^
b 57 Co
170 Tm ^ 3-3 Sadio (32
tfrftfo (25 1. ^ i>) o eofw
. 5)-.
OOP rj
* S"
2.
1.3. rr&r- <&&>&& esO^o: & j$& 0( Ra-Be, Po-Be, Pu-Be
&VCO<5
O
SoSSb,
. W O
%^ w' ^ v^ *X^X **W~V^8 SAAJ- QJUJ^uO
cOC^SgO ScAQSoj* Q C3
,,^^,v v ^v^._ w- cor* 5<&er ^STdO) ScwSocxS 1 ^ o.
10 BF
3
^9d's is Sj D S'
CO Q
^OPOS^OO (Rare Earths)
^~ 57 Fe
/Anomalous capture cross^
section)
L. 4. rrSj i% -j5j'<>i4jS" S^Q woycCK ^o Qor^cr*^)8 S)
124 Sb ScoSS6oS 1.67.
Q ^. ca
Po - Be
fijg[djS'
ICP
939
2.2.
(Capture)
"^oi}5 T) a>
/3 - Y s
,
a o
)D
Q
2-3.
21T.
56
Fe (n, r) 57 Fe
7.6 io.^e.S), r^^po), 3 H(n,r) 2 H
2. 2B o^o. A. J).
940
A ^032.
(*f\
n) [to 33" CO B
4
V -
^i
4,000 Si.
.4
rftf^j
if /Ceo
2 &o<3 5 . i>.
63,000 fl.J
941
3,000 So.
(tf)
S$J*&rex>
SSofcoG '
fed^do,
sb&tf
3,91,000 tf.
942 3Pc5&5>& II
650
-^8
S'SSoSSsDff'O,
*% ' n
a,r
5*j5
218,
, So 0*00,
I.
II.
c6>eip6
(Passive)
,otf
(Active)
in" 35*5*0 0*^0
s-a 654 S
sa,
I.
A.
(a,
T J ( T -
X 10 10
cm / sec) 3ctfpe5r$p hv (h =
^ 6. 6258 - 10- 27
v ^
944 Serais II
0. 01 rS)Ou) ^J. 6 oDoOd3b?6i pvXT^oSy^OrP &f6^ "o&oSy Q*Q S
oL S/
**". * << K^5^ FT^ir*^
^. ^
Y . ^E3 r ,
(i)
spa^ "Sexi^Qo^ Y - Stfes ?r 5 ^ w^ ^
(iii) @CP
C3 ~ r^v\^rt ?S ^-n> A^N
C3
^^ ~" oj iroiJ* fj^
S^3 tf 5^ 8ToSS{6\&. Y -
aj6l: Sotfd sji
(a)
Y-
Y- ^ u .
~" cScp
^ oi.3 t,
Ih = I a + I S)^ + 1^ + 1*
o& 5*eD
, I Stfg - S3T^ Sd'ES'o (Cosmic -
(b)
GbJJJN * <W ~y^J A_ QJ j * w r pjkjj i i VM* ^M - WWCXJ" L
/ tr ^_ ^ ^
(d) cS^iTs S)tfon- O.I mm - 3cm
3e fcfi
!?rSj>3'&o cSug'^ 253^5
1. 2.
A.
(c)
^ (-450 ^3Spfc> o- ^-278
( 4^ f3&*fio. ^B 5" S, So{J ;UfS*, 2B
S^63) "*
?TJ 8-5, 8-14,
80 ^oG 608
(ii)
(60)
946
tt
100
10
v l*w v^.ww H|vw WXOtUA <O_^ l-w
O^- *-
0.1
(Hi)
D, 10 3 - 10 5
l000
(iv)
S' sSo^o oP<S"
ocrCb (SLA RVfc
(493
c&
orfo
(Phase)
S
o-
s
CJ-^CP
^odooofi
II.
- a. "3 fi^n-
sjos*
(Regional)
*
or\
(Local anomaly)
947
"4^0
53*060 SPSS'
(i) *>%* Ss<&, (it)
c?
XIV
219. ST'S'SSss
0*11
TV do
940
tftSS g tiS*
a-
a
3o43rcxa.
tfo
!0,
220,
2.
19 tf.S*
(Meteorological Observations)
3.
1873 S3
536
a^otfo
?S ( International Meteorologi
cal Organisation-I.M.O.) ^io^o e
(India Meteorological Department')
18753 c
4.
Meteorological Organisation-
M. O.)
M.O.)
e-S'S.
Sjex.
&^0 ^8 S^O r3c$>g 1
"Io[j3*o&
1880
3&S
?6of5 o-o
5.
^International Co - operation)
1968 sS. j6oS^sSe* jSSotf S^CP^^O
(World
Weather Witch - W.W.W)
Meteorological Cectresj
, 16
(Regional Meteorological Cen-
tres) |Si;5
(Regional Telecom-
munication
(High Speed)
iS)i3*>)fib.
^ oi,
I, B. M. 860-44
19786* S^fibtfoflSa. 1976 fi^
Philli P s D S - 714
2400
"BO
50
. W. W
^Short range Forecasts)
5-7 S^oSb sSi^g^ sSgS5$ ^cr^&sS^sre
(Medium range Forecasts), 3cSb ^
Atf igsSfi ^ycr^&^p^ ^ (Long range
Forecasts) sjijjtfo
1978
6.
e&ootf &ors-W.M.O.
(International Council of Scientific
Union) SS*stf25* ^*fi*^ o-d&sio^o
SSS^tfS |oSfi^^ - rv5^ (Global Atmos.
pheric Research Projecf^G A R P) &
(Garp Atlantic Tropical
Experiment - G A T
A
3>el&*& 1000
1KT4 SS.
LO *&>
it
OS
(Monsoon Experiment^
MONEX) wsSS^&a 1970 S. jSoSrf^
GARP ai'te^ 6sSj-3f o^ ^tftf
rf W.M.Q.
1978-79 6*G ARP
(First Garlo
Global Expriment F G G E) e^sS
7.
(Radars)
CO
(Satellites)
v 9 "3^(53^ jjj^*^ spcri^es d>o[0eo
(Radio Meteorological Instruments),
cpcr'tf), sj-OPcS^a A^LK^ea (Meteorolo-
gical Satellites'), gofr^toti (Computers)
iS
(Cumulonimbus Clouds),
963
fi^tfo
(Geostati-
onarny Satellites^
(Micro Waves)
8,
fertS8>J6tfa
0*30*
e?&^tffi80cSi
1973
-ore
bo:
9.
(Applied Meteorology)
, ^ftd'tf 36 L ?f&o6*&,
(Computers) V Meteorology Branches)
( Applied
954
II
10. sunsstfii ssass
_A
(Weather Modification)
Xti 30 fSoSfc^tf
[Weather modification)
**<*&, S
SPC&O S^)
1974
S)cSS'cSDScpcSSn t
CPU
221.
&S ?4po (Macro), PC
&<j (Micro) &&
S3 *
58^ &ffjcSS>,X&
EO $
955
Sato
. (Agricultural Climatology \
|i I' "$*&> (Airmass
Climatology), 3SSr*<Sfr* *fl* 55
(Aviation Climatology), <?3
(Bioclimatology), <?3
(Dynamic Climatology),
(i) 5 ^ (Mediaci Climat.
dogy), Hg* ^^ ^"(S)^ ( Paleo
Climatology), e>^^^^
(Synoptic Climatology),
Air Climatology)
(Arctic)
Kj'0'tf:Sx>n' 8*^5 (Koppen)-
IS 1 !
/Tropical rainy climates),
climates),
(Warm
Temparate rainy climate), wSft^o 2r>^
fctfeex>(Coldsnowforest
climates) ,
y
(Thornthwait)
(Wei), ^5^ (Humid)
{^Sub Humid)
(aiid) ss&
3$3*&o'D' Tropical j&^g *$ t /Meso Th
ermal^, ' Micro Thermal) &j^:^si, "*
' \ / ** ca *
(Taiga) tjo^r* (Tundra , ASr-S
er
II
,
Q
, n 1
, spfi
co
E9
tology)
967
(Paleoclima-
O
5
O
ir conditioning")
' ----=* StfiSyf
. 1885
1940 $3& i^So
19*0
222-
(Disturban-
ces).
S^
968
&& II
a,
(Synoptic).-? wS^
( Isobars
^
ol
SPCP^O ( Front
(Cold Froat',
Front\
( Warm
Front),
e 53-0 L ^fo (Stationary Front)
SotfS
10.
(0*3*
8oB
6 - 7
80
53*0*^830
tftfors-o
]fc?$ (Net)
Heat gain) &otoc<3.
<*oS5*on*, fefl
^ ( Sensile hcat )
rffib^rfo SP^ 3&. (5^^ eg,
^oj (Meridianal-
cells
e,S"
869
o*33
* O
70-80
(IMO)
Weather
Watch-W. W.
960
o
3* & "W. W. W/'<
1978 - 1979 S*
oL
fi&ff 8 oT B 2>oC"tib* "2i SS^N^ ^(Sjrree
a 9
1.
AotpOD
f^^ n^at^/^ te^^l -r^e KW S, ^ or TVR
p '
(Humidity),
*
0>
eo<S ^^o^-Scpo idJo^ex) (Daily observations)
981
/Climatic zones'^
1896 <5* &&, 1900 &*
/ Natural Vegetation
(ii)
S$
(iii) 3?5S)d6odb
6j)CO(^6;s>(
/iv) "SsSoc
JT^I,
(61)
$x (Evaporation)
ocu*
^^o (Evapotranspiration)
Eavpotraospiration)
tfSo (Potential
ftfi
1948
19B5 8*
1^53*6^0
, 33cZ&>
80
962 -,
3.
(Death valley)
2.
o>sVo(Western disturbances)^ *j
2. S
(Distributed Trade Winds)
8.
* >^<> > ^ **or^ AC\ -
GXP
(a)
(b)
2.
(a)
'
. 3
*
fiTtf
40C-45C
CO
3cr>$>6
(Trough of low Pressure),
trough)
8
breeze), &r- JoSbd^, (Land breeze)
964
200-260 "fto.Jb. S5tf&>, 3
SbrfzS 5Jtf ta<T ' d- " CD
n
(Break)
200800 "ODO. ob s5^o5oo oSdiof^L). 8Joo^bsSo6r6 5.
d&Sjfi. 1966^^ o-tfo
224. "Sag"
71
.sa 85
s
12
80
6300,
o (Biological Mediuoi)iT
^Biological
Oceanography \ a, S"is
g^tb
C3
. aaa
(Sio-Ocean)
fB.O.) r*
V x *
soo
140
ooo*
2.
8.
(B.O.S).
B
986
II
S5S
sr
2.
a
&T 9 ^5P S:S
200
2000 gc3- 3000
o
5
, 53*43
(Symbiology)
ff^^o 3oo$3
3fi
028
. ifl
4.
TOCP ^
I
8)
2.
ii
.01
10 2 &o<3 10 4
10 &c<3 1C 2
O
t.Sb. off 8
2.
5*. to.
.001
.0008
10,000
.05
.OOB
10 5
10 4
10 9
2)
66 a
c
1
11
2.
8.
970
II
(Biological
Oceanography)
cor
(1) So, (2) i^S" &S ^vfi.
2;
. 1959-64 fiot
225.
iSb
L
ied Sciences)
SbCf oS^^pco ^06
(71
(Physical
Phenomena^
(Temperature) :-
(^Physical Propeity).^a
^, sat:
34-4
34-5 35-0 35'S %
* TO 15 20 25 30 >
" "
.
"
972
n
(Polar axis) oo&
C
fcoo rfdfefctfo
a cj
ofib (Sea Ice)
r-cS 2f0
eao
- ^ C
1.3. ido
(Total Salinity)
\
(Total Salinity)
1.
cwa od&p&eo (Ions )
*.*M X L ^r^ !
|^5 (Chloride, Cl - )
18 9799
S^" (Sulphate, So 4 )
264.86
S^S^fi" (Bicarbonate, HCo 3 )
0.1397
\JS*'&5 (Bromide, Br \
0.0646
^3S" (Flouride, F }
0.0018
ifr*ac&D (Sodium, Na + )
10.6561
i^A^c&o (Magnesium, Mg ++ )
1.2720
^gc&o (Calcium, Ca + + )
0.4001
aTfij*2xd6o (Potassium, K"**)
0.8800
&*^oS.cQbS) (Strontium, Sr + + N j
0.0138
S^^o Total 34.4656
LSB-j* ttei* r&& 1. *, L 2P^Sff !5 s <fr3 t>Stf
974 S^SfiM II
81
690
( Perturbation ), 3fl
^Evaporation)
^o* & {rPSS^i (Sensible heat^ fib* 60
D?S (Sensible heat \
tfOr&odjojco,
[ ^!g ISo'dj'GO
i oSciir'SQOw^ Q&\ d*ot^ tOo*.)GP
rfi
/Heat budget)
(Snow) n-^ S6A
975'
COD.
j^Stfeao (General Circul-
ation :
- Q
( Clockwise j
S^g^) ^Anti Clockwise)
fc^s M (gulf
stream), A jtf Sfcftr^a tf 9*2^5* (Kuro
shio to ^
25^5*0
rfv
Circulations^
|jj?6o"eaeo,
60^0x1.
(Upwelling) :
eaoo,
tfo
ASS^OOD.
8SO
&
6 $*&
978
S$a$po fcoootfo iProportio -
nality)
fifing
O$BSO
fa8A?5
(Process). A^
oSSGTo
1.
*57?
(Nutrients)
S* OS"
s'fi'es
(Light Penetration)
(Radiation)
200 ibtog
(Sound Propagation)
(Navigation)aS
Stress ) ^tf
974
n
15 fiptfg tfoi&o
( Perturbation ),
' f (Tsuuami)
/Heat budget")
fEvaporation\
(Sensible heat) daSo
690
(Sensible heatj
ofl;6
(Snow] rp& S5A
0*^(^0
|
j5pSS*o
S$DotfooT 8 ?&,
876
^SS" iSScStfs&efcfLocal Circulations^
L \ /
iSSStfjso (General Circul-
ation
(Upwelling)
esoo,
( Clockwise 3
65SSS^g^ ( Anti Clockwise)
tfj^
w " ' w j y^ V B " 11 ^^s fcoSDOBp |Sigo5o^ COP
fc^S" (gulf
stream), A^ef SaaS"flr*a ^s*^^ (Kuro
shio
&o<3,
976
(MoneX-Monsoon Expert cnent\ OPii ). a. SSoj* *
XV
226.
(Nomadic)
SOPCJ*
otfo S)S^a 3oa
(62)
(Luxurious) S$OX>^)Q&, ^iSS) (Artifi- ^ , a
\ / L. \ oJQDStS^ 3
cial) ii
978
(Pesticides & Fungicides)
So
tf eo
^0/^0
o ( Recreational
aj
(Aesthetic Sense) So
^8
(Oil),
( Fire wood )
Q O
(Global
Environment)
979
(-'National)
(Social Needs),
BSS^So
(Open drainaces),
(Slums), "ioto SbsS^eo (Duog
Hills), e3SSe&tf;&;S ^Sj-c^dooD (Insani.
trai-ry Roads\
^?S (Nutritious)
830,
&\
&
227.
(Accumulate)
ijS*cS> (Troy) tftftfSa [Sacs
ffi Cfc * ^ ^ '
sj^fi" 35" (Tetraethyl Lead)
f Radioactive fall-out)
SStfo,
fll"
(Caribou\
SS^e
(Lichen)
981
18,000
3 W^tfgO.
90 (Strontium-90 )
tf& S&tfofb S$oi3Q*53<?!>o&
a &
\ AQ
> (Detergents) :
3 vj&jjwv?w OAPW x >-"> ^. ,-rB.^ii^ Tav^ ^-.aL_r3 ^wv
. v-s
e)
*AEC (USA) Biological and
IP *(& aas Medical Advisory Committee Report
, 1967 3on ^J?Sb BfiLtS D^b (1957)
<p J *
3d&<Ko EFliQci&*ex ifia sSipSo^ f D.N O.C ^) dC3o?6e<Iib a-g" 3 SiG*
ct> q>
Soo-d'^eo.
So,
5^5 83OS),
?ic OStfSb
a. a ^
(^Degrade)
( Insecticides
and Pesticides; Herbicides; Fungi -
cides ) &. &. a.
983
SioS
"
rial Wastes)
. fl
flndust-
Arf^tf
&84 *?S&W It
(NOV 8. 1975, PTI s*jT.
S3- fl
o
10, 00, 000
cp.fi* d. dibS.
Suggested Reading.
1. Commoner, Barry : Science &
Survival. Viking Press, N. Y. 1966,
2. Mellanby, Kenneth : Pesticides
and Pollution. Collins; The Foru
tana, New Naturalist. 1967.
8. Stewart, George R. Not 50
Rich as you think. Signet, New
American Library. 1970*
228
2600^00 (^Biosphere)
ts$
s a 3
, Si
U cL, COO
8f6oex
[SSiotS
8>5'
83^53*
20
SS&ofi. SX)A)^ 80 wtfo && s-tfg
O
'
bic^
&
(Internal Combustion Engines)
(Oxides), * rf^c3e (Hydrocarbons^
n-S',
87
fi
Cj^d>i" ~^~ ^ - ^-'
$08*
oc a SQA, S^&o (Nitric
Acid)n
OB & tftfas'Sbo Carbonic
acid)r?
( Radiation balance )
(Snow cover)6A
i
981
, estftf oo* 07?
1.
Dom-
estic sewageV
2.
sSc^o^ex) /Industrial organic
wastes).
3. # rSoSSMS' sSo-cjGo. (Pesticides)
4. S5x5^ grQfloi3 io'O'exi (Deter.
gents)*
6. ws-tf^aS' S5|^ SSD*o*cx5. (Inorga-
nic wastes)
6. S5A ^r>^ s5D6d2DD &3 O^sSa
Bsfic)^) s3c3a*eo (Crude oil and
oil disperses ts).
7.
8.
active wastes).
(Heat).
(Estuaries)
g'sofo
(Level) tSA,
. a.S'
Sio
115
, '0,000
d92
rSoitf
cides)
(Herbicides),
(Fungicides),
reo (Insecti-
n-0, SS^&o (SoSbtf fefl
60^,
compounds)
(Organo - phosphorus
C3-6
(Land driainage)
(Organo chlorine
compounds). 6* &cspgoctt&K a. a. d.
(D. D. T,)
4e ft. 4. fi
o o&5"
(Clear Lake) 8*
, A. a a
5-8
tfA, S52) a,"!
mortaliy)e35A?5^
plankton) ^oA
cycle) C3"a a. A. a
800
(Mass
(Phyto
sSoo&o (Food
(Lethal dose)
. A.
sjt)
bfl
con*
, A a
O.I Ppm
60
(Trout)
1,0 Ppm
T
I
Ada
cation)
II
COT
OH* S56f3aex>
s^tf er $
229.
^ as.
(Pollutants)
(Water pollutants)
(Sewage) Sb fS
srCb.
(Aquatic life )
(Ecosystems)
KJ- *8ia!$
_. *
Environment; &,
(Aquatic
**'
ting
Southwest Monsoon Season).
(Transition Seasons)^
***>
Level Temperature Inversions)
989
T^doN oto-6. MiSs-eon- n-w L ----- - - .
Islands) _ _^ ^__ KB a-an-atf 1o|0e
9oS &*.
Lapse Rite) S3* - m< . & A
988
ii
Soft,
rOOt^GrSo
(Temperature Inversion)
sjfi
(Atmospheric Turbulence Index). nS rr>
g&ofl.
tf o3 ?6 ?v 49
CO 1
, rrt
xo (Comectionj
3oc3 rv
si otfo -
6o(S,
onal Cooling )
capacity)
He8t
XVI
230.
con-
^o(fl5
Sovfo" (Interstellar matter)
(100 X10 9 )
|^ S
- (Galaxy)
og
(Astrology) ^
(Alchemy)
(Milky way)
996
n
66 s.
120 "So.
98t
[/fSSo f
(Polari8 tion)
sSiSd^b" (The
rmo nuclear
reaction
L.
O *
S&oors*
898 JDfi^Aasf II
(2)
ici5&D.-8}o, tfo*oexn*
0)
(2) sScysS tf?\
236
(Apertuare)
288-
48 -
rf" ' S*K, ^oJ ^XiO'o 5*08,
ft&*: S56^oo5l. 2, S.^
v J ; _ ,, , w w< __ iw ww
D [i)S
i- o
200 - sao^s^o fe&rS ijr 8 ^*^, *)dbq5) ^o^b e^djoff 1
2600 3Ax>
, * -
l_*j brf
(Grating)
S
"Ida)!)
CJ *
O S5^5$) |jS8008DO Sj^
, 12 3S 15 -
999
Electric multiplier) o&
( Photo
S sro&
Cb
system)^
dig
231.
( Solar
S^dSb
(98
149
g
24
(oblate spheroid)
rft* tf^SSa "fi^ ar^vofi (Slightly
indented) cfo^ to^ , A ^^ tf^S&t>
Slightly extei.ded) cficc^to
(Artificial Satel'i:e) o
/Equatorial diameter)
a.
12,756 S<
(Polar diameter ) &^^ i2,69B
Sbt6,
CO
(P. Von Jolly) v?is T
8 x 10 27
6.5 B
O
(Atmosphere^
S'ofiS
d&c?5^
(Ultra-Violet radia
*f3oc?^
^ gWtobrf
1001
(Long radio transmission
(Stream of ionised gas)
560
(Auroral
displays)
' (Solar wind) y>
95 ^g Atf^a (Hydrogen),
5 SPS&J lrS)c6o (Helium)
(Magnetic
field) :-
(Induction by electric eument)
1008
(Target)
e (Projectiles)
ctions)
Horizontal
Motion)
1851
(Jeans
(Pendulum) ^sS(3jAoO
62 tToif
( Dome of the Pantheon in Paris ) 1L
219 o&tfjo 2J*^$)^o Sri
( Oscillation
on)
(Clockewiae directi
n-ooeo
(air and water currents)
[LOW Pressure area)
(Convection)
* Q
(Counter clockwise direction)
Effect)
* 1 ( Coriolis
*s Revolution)
^X (Elliptical orbit |0*(6oS^tfsSS
r6tbS&c5* (Perihelion)^ ep3_
(Aphelioflj
1004 SSflitf II
1,49,600^00
/Oscillatory movement) &
&!>ot&&. (Parallactic motions of the
star)
3. ^^^o^^o) |jjd&EJSb<5fo
)o Sfe
(iv)
2. S<^sSS2fj. 3 <)aas3rfSx> Radial ^fl- ^ ^J
Velocity of a Btarj
s*o 8
(Displacement] (Refraction)
18
(iii)
(i) r> sS6i
^ ' j- .j* ^ A ^ . ^s j i nO
71
g*
12
CO
So ^e>SS^
CO
a <3T
r 8 .^n* Ir
1007
(Earths Light) So*tf tfoi
(Crescent Phase)
_a (Full earth)n
i
tfo^
15
(Eclipses) :
16 s$a
L & & 2138 ?Sc
o
360 &*6x&* &i
( Shadow j
^p
(Total lunar eclipse)
(Umbra - &&$> . tb 1,888,
1008
( Partial lunar eclipse )
356, 655
405,
648
373, 358
*
270
Total solar eclipse j $ fi>
5
; e^o* 4 J
10L
/Similar eclipsesjlS ;S
(Atmosphere) s
(Spectrum)
(Replica)
(Scattering)
(1)
Telescope)^
(Astronomical
(2)
(Occultation 1 )
(3)
\ /
(Twilightj ^<^o. ^p^b Jbo<S
16 (Apollo 15 J
(Argon)
TMass Spectrometer)
.Jtotf
' (Neon)
(Carbon dioxide)
.270 F (-168 C). *
1010
ii
1 4
(Fra
8,
ij5$2x
(RuggedW
91BO
(Gray)
7.
Jbdofio.
3$
(floor)
(80,000
"itf
(18,000
62
. sjfi i)
1011
285
(Rim)
1012
ii
d&ofi 500
8.
Sbtf &oO, OS^
, 8)8 3acj 8
^460
(Plains of
(Ri\er
beds) Q9& rodJcb f ^.a^co ejD cSJ** ^o
j6^SSt^G5, ggf a c .OgS ^53. 3,^
(Collapsed ditches or tensile cracks)
tfo
Ifilfi
16
(Far side
(Maria formations)
24,)969
llitic rocks),
(Titaniumj
' (^Zirconium)
(Basa-
i f (Scandium]
(MetBllic iron)
3.8
3.7
yrarsj;
(3,7
4.4
sSsfi (soil)
a-S' i '8/ r a) f (Nickel), '&&o-
(Zincj, *oA* (copper), 3o<S ^Silver),
'rvaa 3 ' fGlassj
1 (Spherical) &8d&>
(Augular)
' (Aluminium)
1 ^Calcium)
- tp"-dfio f ^Titanium)
i2 ^gSS^rv^xiaj, '
SJ^ glass - *reen)
(Boulder field)
(Cone crater)
o
14
a^<b& 5 (Orbiters 6)
(gravity)
10U
H
4.6
' (Dust)
(Solar System)
4,6
pound) 5er
Carbon Com-
)5cX$]0(^
w
(Carbon';
.Cosmic material^
/
. &
(unsymmetrical) '
"3.
233.
(Asteroids).
(Earth),
(Venus),
(Jupiter)
1016
"Saturn)
1609
a
8. *T. 1781
(Uranus), I. <f. 1846 0*
(Neptune), *. 1930 ff 8
4876.40
^X) *>&<
42,648
5*2^,
8,C82 ^
88 640
Soix
a
.6*
8P.98
88 ST^a^co
886 TO
3,085
0.068
6.46
*L A *>
67 20
224 2 fi^ca-eo
248 firs9*CO
7600
0.8i6
6. -23
&*2o
92 90
36* 26 5*^ai
f) O i/ .^ C. fl *\
2o no, 00 ro.
7913
1.000
5.52
gbs-fc
Hi 6
e-87 S 4 ^
24 /^o B7^.
4 00
0.107
3.98
ACb*
488 8
l! 86 So o
9 A B6 j.
88, 40
818 "
1.33
*
686.9
. 9 46 HCO
o o 14 a.
71 f,dO
9-. 2
0.69
G*]^ Q ^
1 b8
O A f\ ^
54 J' cOO'lOj
1(1 Ao.4o ^
^9400
146
156
ai-jb
2794
1 64 7B -^oH^x
16 /< ..48 a
28.0^0
1? 8
2.24
$r$*
8870
247.69 ?5on-3o
w
,j.,r
0.11 ?
_
1016
ii
(Laws of Kepler)
[I. r. 1609 ar
L c a
0) l*^ 5/
s-tf ^e<3 (Elliptical
(iii)
a ecooSSS&rfo,
3
JS p 7
B
9.
P r
S P x P 2 -ftgfi 3
, B
101?
^Masses of the Planets')
ti
fDeiroos)
cS) safl 55
(Mass)
, 3
14,600 ag.
(Mathematical Expression)^
(M + m) P 3 rr Ka 3
M =:
p =
0.108
K = fetf ?Sc8p^(Conitant cf proporti
onalityV
88
1.262
1918
II
64
400 F
ex>tf[
S&SSotf 8 S&o&id)
(Atmospheric molecules)
?f_ (Gravitational Force)
Atmosphere) SgjS^to 6^6.
SCPCP
). 1962 cSon A^oofiS 14
2 (Mariner 2) '
21, P. 88 ^r
6 2
21,598
'
1967 Son
4 (Venera 4)
90
^Oxygen),
CO ,
. 19673
ner
6800
80
A 5$
*|[ e L A$~268 C^-450 F); .
9U
(Artificial satel- &*&> (Earth)
7927
1619
33<>c3&5 7900 3^. 6)6
5.977X102'
6.62 c3to.
66 S).o
365.256
500
o*& (Argon")
(Krypton),
(Neon) &3do "S^^S (Xenon)
Darker and
^Darker Areas) n-
11.
II
4,225 3>6 (Ss? 6799 . So);
^ CO >
4198 3> (e& 674,8 . Sb .
CO V
3.92
100 . n. o&^jtfo <\c^> &83^ss ii 33 < o> ijjgg 011 3"3 31 <?& ^pfi^f 6,
3; 00
Kg 80F (27 C);
. 90 F ( - 65C) AodSa&. ^S&co 1971 Son
r ' *i *^" "^ *^*^*N/?T^ f^n^ T7 ^y"
s,fl--iaoF(-oo c; 860
30 KOH 18 ^HCO.
1986 Son e3 14-16
& ^aS (Phobos)
j'Deimos) *& "3-^
6800
ctito SS5
7 tfo. 39 ^.OD. 3 2r>5 &B3 ^^^3? 2. So ^ (Viking)
14,600
Si 6118 SD^ SuSo (3 142,648 fi^ io^g)
21
ifiii
*J
_ Sa^ 2.64
'00 jn. K
3> 284 8. in-.
SSearfa
1878
ou
12.
(Elmer Reece)
4 So ag 53g?oS
9 ^on 4 JO. 6 "fo.
Great Red Spot)
80,00 jfc
1082
Wildt)
f Of (Rupert
fSao
(NB
a f s'Sa (Jean D. Cassmi)
19523 So
(Balm and C. A Code) &&
Europa, Ganymede, Calhsto)
1610
76,100 S:
; tf^S a
109,111
120,858
67,800
CO /
fib da
t)&S*
(lo, 19696*
(Kuiper),
^8
55
sSo?5
10
10
1966
1025
(Audoui
uin
860
4603
&a*
1944, SOBS' 1
17bi KSon jSj-8^ IS S5
William Hetschel)
eSb6tf,i (P^e Greenish)
1 78,8 ,OU,000
2,86,03,81,900
84 Sou
10 rfcii 49
80 3o ^
48 - 279
_ 186C)
^Miranda),
Sj' (Titania)
Umbriel
800F
Ariel),
(Oberon),
1.08
(Spectrum)
150
600
966 S*hjt>Cb). 5
Sons 1
1846
(Adams)
fLe erriei)
000 i
88,000 ^ (Af 46-000
17.8
ii
2.2
1.41
6.39
247.69
(-212C)
L KsS*sSSSb 5
^ a (^Nereid)
(Triton)
(-240C)
2240
S?S>
CC
1849
200
,
* *
822 <
jo ^ -ss< * w [ffoJ^g'S'osSoaexj /Asteroids)
? |. S~oo-^(CIyde W.Tombaugh) *>*&<* ( Com( * a )
(Meieoroids)
3675,OOO f OOO
6,814,100,000
19&0
200
480
^ SJOO
6,954 &&*
. sSa
SfldBoS
(Ceres), ^oS ( Pallas),
83-^ (Junoj
480
, 800
1931 tfoiitf* ^5*S (Eros)
&*& o-cr^ 14
23
17
gtf 27
|^sS?fS'eSSo
S5o?5
(Comets)
(65)
7g
(Parabolic^
(Hyperbolic) ie
ifl
, 19BO
(Jan Oort)
150,000
( 1
= 9.8 x 107
/Structure of Comets)
(Gas Cloud) o>. * ^ 53"
10
1-5
MS.
10,000
1026
', a.
jptf&oifc stcC
(C & C,?3
aff (NH 2 ) S5b5cs&
(NH)
(OH)
(Craters)
200
c?
1027
(Chemical Composition) afi (i) -
(ii) o*^ &tiBd& (in) eR&Sa-
90
8.5
24
36
, 18
234.
rOO
(Silicon^
14
u 2.
B L G ^r^ 0; ELY
; H Y D ^.tfTrs-; K R N
; P R I ^perP K j ;>0(8; V $
N G
1028
1980 sS 011 SiEDSSS 16
1600 .Sb.
TO.
60 8. 5b.
tJo j^Jfioao oSbiS'^
1898 ^5 Sjoii
82 ?ooS6ei^U*O 55c6o^6'oiD,
(Shadow
bands) &S>|coo., -S
60 &o<S 80 So.
feg'dS
c?6a 3<^es
1029
itii
2.
1030
1980
, |5)
S'o^Sb
3on
o a
&( Welders glasses)
phere)
( Infra-red )
(Photos-
(Visual)
S ^g(Short Wavelength)
"3ad3br ^6"on^o ( Radio waves )
CO
(Chromoshpere)
1081
&-& '*_-" " r
sSaDo5d"o
8,
1082
i. 18513
ii.
28S5
r.
fEinistein <
. 1919
iii. 1882 S ScuS*
17sS
24
, 1999S5 26011 wrfsfc us
g'co
Si. 2.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. ''Canon of Solar Eclipses" by .J Meeus, C. Grosjean and . Vanderleen; Pergamon
Press, 1966.
2. "Exploration of the Universe" by George O. Abell; CBS College Publishing
The Dryden Press, 1982.
3. 'Astronomy: Fundamentals and Frontiers' by Robert Jastrow and Malcom H- Thompson;
John Wiley and Sons Ine.. New York, London, 1974.
4. "Astronomy" by Robert H.Baker, Van Norstrand, East Wset Press, 1965.
5. 'The Eclipse of the Sun', Contribution No. 10 of the Japal - Rangapur Observatories
by Dr. M.K. Vainu Bappu.
6. '-Local Circumstances for the Total Solar Eclipse of February 16, 1980 for Indian
Locations", Contribution No. 1 1 of the Nizam iah and Japal-Rangapur Observatories,
by P. V. Subrahmanyam and S. Sreedhar Rao.
235.
5*00
12
(1)
(2)
(8)
2,600
6,000
(Aries)
(Taurus)
(Gemini)
(Cancer)
(Leo)
(6) ScSg (Virgo)
(7) ^c (Libra)
(8) S^tfo (Scorpio)
(9) tflSa&^ (Sagitarius)
(10) ^^tfo (Capricorn)
(11) &ctfo (Aquarius)
(12) ^So (Pisces)
88
27.32
27
27
(Sirios\ e^^
(Pole star),
(Aldebaram) ^ (Betelgure)
1084
11
(Bayer)
1608
" (Urano metria)
&&&
eg
(a) .
soS
(Y) w^i-
AotooS*
_
. a,
24 ^ d '
1729
fc& v Flamsteed)
(Historia Celestis)e^
1,2,8. ..ea
g- aa
so88r*S
HD 47129
S*3 47129
400,000
BD
2,3,4,5
100
33.0
( Magnitude )
20CO
eg 6
ss s*oQ ia
5^,3 s*o
oOP-oco.
1b 6
. 6
2 612
o o
22
200 -
1 Si
-I**,.
scS ssaofo'Qo
L *r.
K^Agefo
- 26.0
25,000,000,000
& L &&
- 4.0
40
/uob^So
- 2.0
6
S3* <? O
- 1.48
4
^O cO?
- 0.77
2
^8
+ 0.08
1
o L tf
+ 1.03
0.4
O^oJ
+ 2JO
0.16
^o" "
+ 22.0
0.000,000,0016
I.BX io 19 .
(Blue)
('Colour Indexj
(Visual magnitude)
II
r?
(Blue)
( Photo
graph magnitude ) mb rv ^>_^^^-
& J6Xij* mb, mv
(mb-mv)& e
e^sa
2 S *
tt
(Sirius)
(Capelle)
(Betelgure )
(mb mv)
- 0.85
- 0.16
+ 0.74
+ 1.74
3$
(Apparent magnitude)
(1)
io.
(2)
f Absolute
magnitude) J>co^
tifl
o J.5X10 8 8. Sto.
2^(53^
(3 X 10 10 "So. Sb
8
1,6 X 10 8
lation) StfS.
f> (Triangu-
1 .
1087
, 1
a,&
B. Co <&tfo
R> ^otpfia. BCA
CBA g^e^co rosp. euS' gfttfsS3; BC
o& l^coS* A& BCA, CBA ^e^0^
Atj A io<3. "fc^o)?^ ofi AC, AB o
(Paiallactic motion)?3!0
2.
E, SB,
1 2
3o<*>
Sf
1088
Y
0.76
271400
asfiasj
(Vale)
a-S' '^Colb^^" (Parsec)
^^ ^tftr-Sb^ 0.5
Ao "fi (^tfo 2
0.10
2,06,265
3.08 X 10 13 8.8b.
2fip^o 1.33
2.6
4.8
4,8
68,000
9.6 X 10 12 5. Sb.oSb s-S
4S6
M 18
22 3o
d&qptf
lute magnitude)
, 2.7
10
(Abso-
14 SS ^o^bSb tffl&*&oa. 2.7
n
- 1.4 tf^|5Pofi
S)acJi?i>, 10
+1.5 tf^Tj
10
. 10
(Absolute Visual Magnitude)
1089
60
19.
j3?To
(Dispersion of Light)
) oSdo) d^oixofi.
hofer)
. -S 7
( Fraun
. baa
(Kirchoff)
, cjerj
.
o
s5tf;54jo&
3.
), 8^
83
(^Photo - sphere)
1040
II
(Composition)
5*08
1922
M. N
N Saha)
o, B, A, F, G, K, M,
o
B
A
G
K
M
40,000 - 28,000
2,6000 - 12,000
11,000 - 8,000
6,000 - 6,200
6,000 - 4,000
8,600
Ojf
1041
8.
compositioos)
( Russel ) v
L,a
9
(66)
(Chemical
egg
90 w^sS f
SOS)
1.5X 10 8 S.Sb.
^o 1.4 X 1G 6 3.&.
spfi
18 X 10 5 S. Jb.
108
O oL
(Optical Interferometer)
1042
li
1.5 X 10 4 8. Jb eoft &>
2.5 s
(Ancaras)
. io. tto
3.6 X
500
Giants)
" (Super
ofi ^i5cp?6g
" -^Dwarfs) a
JS
a
C304D
- eo
60
2.86
, 1.4
- B
(White Dwarfs)
S$otfo
Aodaofl.
A. (1)
(2) *O*
1043
(Hertz-Sprung
J&oA,
and Russel)
|otf
.u
I
+10
Supergiants.
(Main Sequence)
8 iS& (jS^j.
S'rSjtfcPax). ifiS^)
" (While Dwarfs)
Main sequence
0*0
(Giant) &ac&>
_tf& (Super Gaintj
_L
B
SUD
White dwarfs
J L
_L
K M
-5 *
A F G
Spectral class
20,000 10,000 7500 6000 5000 3500
Surface temperature, K
4.
Antares (1000)
B,
, 40 $g 60
8.6
AotootfO ^
2-5
26
4-1&
_
H-R
1044
it
(Helium
P-P
(P-P Chain reaction) &oto*&.
_.
O
B
G K
M
40
a.s
1 6
1.0
0.6
0.2
(Thermo
(Catalysist)
(C.N Cyclic.
Process)
Nuclear Reaction)
^i ^SJdfitftftf 1 ^
^Hydrogen Nuclei)
(Einstein) &o-o^o (E = me 2 ) ijS
10 21
n
sre*
rftf
1046
woe!> <y>o&&
sp<3 S3
ofi
(Black holes n
CPU c&o. 8). "3*
236.
( Milky wayteS)
(Star
clusters),
[Gas and dust colouds)
tfrS
(Nebulaej
( Galaxies
5*0 c
18,000 s-oD
(Plane of Symmetry)
(Galactic Plane) eS
- (Star Clusters):
(Luminous Band) "3o<&,
(Double Stars)
(Tiiple Stars)
(Associations)
sters),
ular Clusters^.
So
n Clu.
(Glob-
1. C00 Clusters
(Galactic Star
sS^
20
: sS^sS.J (Taurus)
^_8^ ^ Pleiades , &*& (Hyades);
^o'o.to'i' c^ ^Cancer)
(Praesepe\ ^
nices) D-9^ 8 ^
( Persius ) o*9 cCbc<Sb/Kc h and X
Bere-
1046
II
1.
k {Moving Clusters)
a
(Una Major)
Centanrus ).
(Tucane)
47
(Hercules)
M 18
(Variable Stars)
60
(Mean Apparent brightness)
c&qpg [Sos'^^
(Horlow Shapley)
gfioO (Spherical Distribution) dBoaS^
(Centre of mass)
3?, 600
ciioo^rv
1047
Iter Buade)
i (Population I)
tion
Populations) n fi
(Popula-
(Disk
1048
objects ]
(Nebulae)
20,000
(Scittered Li
(Reflection ncbult)
20,000
(uiltraviolet Radiation)
S'tfraSSii ( lonization
(Excitation)
( Emission lines )
ssion Nebula) wo^fib.
(Emi-
^o M (Forbidden Lines)
(Orion)
( Great Nebula )
" (Plan-
etary Nebulae)oo<&. $3,
^c3-^^x> (Ejected matter)^
3_o (Lyra)
u* ^?6<adSco f ^5^6 Siotfo&o
' 1 ( Owl Nebula )
' (Vul Pecula)
i3f*o (Super Nova) n,
(Crab Nebula jss&tfa UJ54 A. D.
(Pulsar)n*
1049
Polarisation)
30
(Interstellar
dust) :
(Light absorption)
(Interstellar reddening)
( Colour
3 ^sSSx>
(Visual
Light)
0. 25
(Magni-
tudes)
Stofi
O.C001 7)0. tb. eS
( Partially polarization )
L sS^ (Degree
of Polarization) && 'esQ&^^^o 4 ^Sb&,
flV
i ^(Direction of Polaris-
ation)& &&
10- 6
( Gauss ) o
Aorfbto ^o3 a-
(Inter
stellar gas):
( Stationary absorpotion lines
1060
ii
lines)
(Interstellar
G&JO&&.
velocities)
( Gas clouds ^ o
\ /
tSb. gg ^550
(Hydro Carbon and Carbon
radicals) aotfe
30d&Sbr5^fi.
^
21
3
(Neutral Hydrogen) ^. & 3*
ioisi ( Distribution )
(Spiral ants AS> da
esjD: (1)
(Sagittarius
(Orion
(Pereus arm). $3 ^>e
26000, 32600, ^aoCco 42000
10,QUO
30
eseso^eo
(Galactic Rotation and
Mass
1051
(Highly
eccentnc)
(Gravitational force}
2 X 10 rSoi^^JfsSxo s*e>&&8^
_a *<*>*>. ^o fu ^ al force )
" 10!
'^2X 10 11
60
237.
(Galaxies)
25
x 1 (Large and small Magellanic
clouds)
SO 3o
160
IOS2
f &o,f Andromeda Galaxy Wta&>
31 SS
1.
2.
. (Ellipti-
cals (E)
(Spirals) (S)
i.
M 31
&0
180
3.
4.
spirals)(S.B)
^d3aa.(Irregulars ; (Ir)-
fibo,
Stars)
(Young
teller Gas & Dust)
(Spiral
E 4 , E,, E 6 , E ? .
(a b)
E cr<? A'o nSoffi<? 10 ^ ^
a,b e;
(Hubble)
Sa, Sb, Sc,
. E 7 -Sa o3o
So
i068
>EO E* 17 SQ\
2.
SBa , B
Sa, Sb, Sc y o
, s
Bc
30
,
8.
; &0<3 NGC 1300
1054
(Locil groupj
17
, 4
^^ S&oea
(Virgo) 3
. 40
II
1000
. 250
(Coma)
10
2000
c&oesS (Super Cluster of Galaxies)
126
>s
L
Sotf^sSoDO rtfs5b3o?5o "*
: ( )
>. (2)
^t (3)
(Emission Lines) &
rSo^i *s5cCi?5d &>&&} S&&, ^g8 2&#sSx> - &ea S^*^Sr6 (Red Sbifi|
> r
H w&ta c5& ^Soe>o^ 8s
>
17. . ^l^^^l .O 6 s^^a ?C
10 6
17 9. S.
- Q>5b&9 SS^SSc^ttSw ( Red
Shift):
(Absorption Lines)
(Quasi
Stellar Sources)
io56 saris' it
A - w (Period)**,
3 tf <?s5coc 3 S)
(Red Shift) 3o&b: tf&^r^83A^a,<&^^ cfi Coo
iSSxi (Red Shift) &r"|j&cj ^^ &o& 10 13
. &.
cfijo- a, "3.
238.
fa S^Soo
t
0.4
^lO-* Tbo.
0.8
( optical
w
indow) 6510 iex^
(67)
, ><5S
0*0*
S)so
3BO
10
6ci2S
T 8 ^0
<\
106$
if
2oS* w (Radio Window). j
clodio
1888
Hertz
"2jCo(Henreicli gfl
1928
Janaky )
1932
t S5"
*0^, 19
erfi (Sir Oliver Lodge)
A', ^o&fi, (Vilsing,
Shiner) ^?i EpA ai^fefl^rSD,
/ ^
&& (Charles Nordman)
U.6
20.63
HZ
, 1 MHZ =
3
3$ a
Aotf KG cSAdfc-
1982
(1) 5 [SStf'&cfif* SSO^S
o^o
(2)
Grote Reber )
a:(l)
(2)
J f)
( 4 ) S
"Ltf&ST 8 31 w&^o (9.45
SStf ^co6 tftfjea ii
1.87 iodog (160 MHZ
1060 ae;sAatf ii
160 MHZ ><*
o
Co
( Southworth )
Q
1843
iCET ABoA A w WQUUL>[\JU owojwruj. > n ,/ *r ^^o / ^ A
n o tU*a * opooa^^oo coooa
1942?
S!P f James Hey"\ && ?&& ^^ ^^ ,.*/-=> ^^ ^
^ jj w-^ [jS^joSiX) 6S5c53pA^5x)S^
3^ "*
-VB
: 76.3; 64.0; 42.7; 45.7;
loo.o
1061
eag
. sjfi
(Radio Interferometer)
2.
JTCM
1062 0*?5A&S' II
0.0001
M "
&o^8)S
*-
ibdoCb,
u T >f Sofl SatftfSaco. J)^3 20
Sao L8tfa - ^"SrSfib D>^ (Prof. Mills)
S<[jfSbi)a) fl (Radio Stars)
a. sa fSjjecpSsSaofir 1 a>^
4 L s"x> aoaie^ 11 (Crab Nebula)?^ 1948
(Cygnus)
1068
600
. A 5
(Cassiopia)
. sjfiS
tftfotf "loicpeo. )33 H II
> (Orion
1950 cSoS^tfSa ^fi9 33 S' Nebula) sjg
H II
Aaa 4<
(Ultra Violet
Excess)
2.
1970
II
(Quasar)
o^ COCO
^
Shears-
1867 Son
-*>
.
3
n
^^ a
a" (Pulsars- P1
20
120 R
OAQo -a iS+t *f m o IT - >-" .x..y.v < S-f\ &\ t^(bf6 &2j83a oJO oJj*EaD&O3 21
tUoo cosfoD roaoa 3.7
: 1480 MHZ)
0.25 TiS"^ ?*L
2.0 "Mo^ ^5Sb &fS^_a. * ?5^e3js5 ^=8oa^!0 5^> -A- JSg)^ (Van de Hullt)
1946
oS
1961
21
21 -
. 1963 rSon
21
H
80
OO On ojDiOcuD 1968 cOQIIifi' 3 SfcSi CF*|| oS^Q^D, t
H II ^GO(^O f6oboS$3$rS <^O OH
n
s-tftf
"o
CO
111
1066
II
111
JOS)
a<ft,
1100
24
So^taSfce. &S ( Focal Line )
R>AiS 968
f ' (Electrical Phasing)
3^7 M H Z (92 Iborftbfcg
24
8, -3Ao3cp>
^D (Aed - SS^^^
630
30
530 h>btf
1087
tf a
1974
6"
2. co (^Sir Martyn
Ryle), cs-|db ftscj 6 ^ ^rjasi (Dr.
Antony Hewvishu
239.
Coo, r Astronomical objects)
ifo ^tfjso
(Spectral Analysis) O
(Physical
menon) e??5o
6. ^X 1
Electromagnetic Spectrum
, (Gamma
Rays)
tf J tf^soS iTJ
tfotfO
1068
(quasars),
eo (Pulsars),
j (Supernova remnants)
j^<5"'(BIack Hole)
'
(Ultra-violet), X
^Quasars) :
2.
(Quasistellar sources)
1960SS
(Mt. Palomar in USA)
(Schmidt)
30
(^resolve)
16
C 273
(Bahner series)
^Pi^^D (Red^shift)
10 36 -10 38
90
8C 273
28,400 3j
10.000
*80S
, (Kilowatts)
tftforf S ^SS^ 0,001 ^ooQ 0.01
tf
10 13 ,
100,000
108
3.
Stars')
va
(Exploding
Nova).
60 &oO 200
, ?5o-?5S 600
f 4000
<53i ^^ "^
ai 28 dfio
(Gravitational Collapse) & STofi, aP
|Jbeo& (Violent Explosion)
s-ofi,
eutf
T 6 ^
10,000
e.S' o3a 1064 A. D
3eiT-gT'' (Crab Nebula)
fTaurus)
900
1300
1070
II
, X -
3
. x -
anism)
4.
" (Synchrotron Mech-
od&So.
(Pulsars) :
(Pulsed radiation^ arn
\ / n
"SI
(Hewish)
1974
1-2
o (Kilo Parsecs)
&&*
200
io 7
2000
2000
40-5000
(Mega hertz)
3 tf P^ 7.6 Sbio^ & 8 ^o.b.
4X>3 CO
(Optical luminosity)
^^ (C
ore
density) 3x 1Ql4
IO 16
Ko ^X
(Neutron star).
(Spinning Neutron stars)
o<3
76 sStfgb 70
5,
: CNeutron stars and
^
Blackholes)
(Whi
ite
1071
(10 10 A
(Repulsive Force)sfo,?S,
3.5
(Limiting mass)
AotfdSb.
DQ
8
X ^E
(X-ray flashes)
' (NASA) ?6o^ 1976 sS. ?5o^
l as' ?r_Mo 33^' ( nigh
Energy Astronomical Observatory)
(Short lived flashes)
(Cygnus)
X-
X ^
_
6.
-Ray stars)
&d6S
1970
iota
ii
126 X-
galaxies)
( Super Nova remnants ) X-
. (Thermal Elec.
(Bre-
(Collision)
(Inverse compton effect).
(^Acceleration)
msstrahluDg\
2,
8.
(Synchrotron Radiation)
(Electro-magnetic Spectrums of the
sun)
pion) ST 6 ^ Sco X~l
&oefccSa.
Nova)
( Y-ray Astronomy )
(Antimatter)
(Nucleons)
(Anti nucleons)S*
(^Charged
Pi-mesonsN
/
(Muons)rv
FT&r
240.
jpfiV
H, K
(Aed shift)
1929^
(Edwin Hubble)
16 worttfs&o fc'tftfa^a *33xcrn>3_
80600- s*o8 tfoSStf-Ntfs&o (SptfSbtf 4 ?6ogg/ Hubble Constant) >
Deo*) fvbsSj'fib 50
200 eort^&io iSrtf^a^a KiS* ^^"^S" 3. 26 s*o8
4CO
o o
60 Sfl
CO
10
CJ - J
1. *> $^G :- 600
<
&fib&a o)^ifS^b * 3T*gjo Sjaan*
(Doppler Effect)
(68)
1074
(Upper Limit)& .
&*1bX fccpotfsSB (Special Theory of
Relativity) ^stffi
SeS5 -
800,000 *&*
10 11
10 21
TClusters of Galaxies and
Clusters of Clusters of Galaxies) >tf^&
2 atfgS^Si 5>0o<5&CD (Cosmolo
gical Theories^ :-
(Stati-
stically) jS&r*;S;Sx>rt 53-giou)
ii
nclple)
3*Jo (Evolutionary Theory)
(Steady State Theory)
3. SSS^Sk sr^3Sw (The Evolution
ary Theory):
1931 S
[Lamaitre) s?&
(Gamow) ts^o sr
( Primeval Nucleus )
(Big Bang)
(Cosmological Pri- &ofl
107B
>" (Proto
Galaxies) <9o&So. rtribo^tfraSa sSotf
& o*tf&> Sofl,
o, ssotfS
4. CJ&Zf&S S3*tfoj (Steady State
L SS L 3c&o (Nuclear Reactionaries 3os$ Theory) :
(Bondi)
(Elements) Stf^A ^^ (Thomas Gold)
(Gamow) 5<&
(Hoyel)
&o&
60
stic Cosmology) j
8,
a
-^ O
L! Constant^ n* ?^So^ oA fe
(Cosmological Constant) r^ &aoef a>a
s5otf&
(Cosmological Constantj
1076 a**?s&:><f ii
(Mecrea)
10 7
10,000C
8K) &otfs5ed3Qo;5)cQfo flS^ (Dicke)
3K )Stfe8&o :(8K Radiation)
8K
4 i-Sa
Aod
(Micro
wave
a.
^
Dicke ) e?Si $*&&>&> SS'Q^O SSd'es^o ^'^/T'^ofl^ac 3K
!
. c&o,
241.
i/fero
J3ofi" (Viking)
286,000,000 "S^So
''Viking II)
Technical)
(Scientific .&
Sex&^Stfo. ajfi
090^65
(Johannei Kepler)
(Data)
1)
20
I, 3o<^" II o
2.^5" (
Mariner),
^So<^ ( Viking )
ars
(Extra Terres-
trial Life) &^_&,
Sofi" dSa^o (Viking Era).
1876
1078 arias' ii
ap
&*o[^J 3c$fotf (Intensive Specialization'^, *>tfo
( New Breed of Scientisti \
(Time & Distance)
o&tfo<?*
(1976)
,
K a>o BF&
CO CD
5bEs>dfc 0.06
5.6
0.89
440
NO
6[_Sbifc 0.82
6.2
0.72
700
10.000
co 2
CO, H a O
$a*Sb 1.00
6.6
1.00
288
1013
N 2 3
Ar f H 2 0, C0 2
0.01 8.8 - 276 NO
0.11 4.0 1.52 218 6.6 CO 2 CO, O 2> H 2 ,
H O, O
81 g 1-8 6.19 H 2 , He CH,. NH^, H a o!
ro
96
0.7
9.68
H 2 CH 4 ,
3^^"
16
1.8
19.2
H CH
**
2 4
cBco'SSS
17
1.7
80.1
CH
4
(Satellite)
OOP tfa^e*
9, 1 .1976), &5T5' ^o ^^ fPluto)^
* c^ \ /
1079
/Space Scientists)
. 1976
, Ho
i'o&'o:,
(Mount Everest)
(Water)
Iba
75
(Carbon Dioxide^TB
Chemical Changes)
ssflfl
es ep
20
(Limonlte -
O 3 , x
O A
Carbon dioxide
/Dry Ice-Solid
*
(Carbon - Oxygen
Compounds)-&>apgGrp S'tf^rS
(Carbon Trioxide) -
( Photo ^oo (Limonitic Surface) <5* 1>
Combination)
(Photo
1080
flriSte* II
Stfra Sfrtftf^ tf^cSSStf
(Photo Geochemistry) a
( Microbial life )-
aa.
(Chemical
mo.
del for Mirsj ^S^
Maryland)
SoflcSoo,
J 66"
Peruma
(University of
$
- a^tft
3a65 ^
(Dr, Cyril Ponnam
?S
26
XVII
242.
1.0
CD t)
sjoi
do
2.
13
8.
2.0
iSo?5
. 4.
, 8. CosS
6.
2.
19
1082 asptf&bS' II
]a >Se
3.0
*>_
3.1 _
jStftf Sc^ieslSii (Architecture and
, 19 S S-B'g&oS jW;, Town Panning)
295
(s)3
356 fe
58.4 Sto4)6), w'SsSs oc!&> _^o^6o 610^0 ^.^Sioei (Zoning Laws)
102
876
/i co Q *. ^N 3 '2 W5 Scs'joSM (Building-
(15.6 oJD&D^Oj, SBOjJi) ^
/-i OQ Construction^ :
r i23o ^
108S
Sao tf son*
OCOD (
3_3
3.5 |S5flS i rtgSg) QoeaS)Qo^ (Public
Health Engineering) :.
^ir
Sis' I. 1). 104, HI.
3.4
/
Ground Water Engineering):
(Rock Mechanics):
1084
_
"3 CO
, cS>#?5 fvF'tf'OiK&DOD, && ISO
CO
3,8. S)0^^S^ QoescbSofc (Structu-
3.7 J$T d$7o^8S' & $3^ ^jScXiw ra l Engineering):
(Soil Mechanics)
le/^5 JoOoJO"vO c630fii ^"C^O ")O S*n O*pQ*
tfS) f Construction Material^
^ \ /
3.9.
" "-- " T -v ww \*w MM W W QJU W I>JV^
10, 12
CO
So
es&eo
Deve^
II IJE 187)
3.10 Stftf i&o*j& 4 .
C 1. STfctf ...
(Urban Engineering) (Contractors).
*. *S t/. ^ . rr^ *X inr8 X. . /s . '
2.
sS|&oSb,
cx5i SSc^o'Co - (Con-
sultants).
3.
,
4,
> ; "SoLfidSi 5*g SSa^^c^od^
ssa
6.
6.
fceo,
7. SStf "SoieS, o'ft
Coco,
.
v _ 8. fcSco
Slfl e5oSr0^oSbQOr6i SfiO\ ^Sa ^i>
o tJ ^_^^ ^
iOTl T*)AUA (0<_ ,_
lopment Authority) SoVjta esooo?5&. 8.
243.
(Plan)
ex
Sfc&o (Map)
e.S' j
i
1962
OJ
I3*o
orSD d(23
Surveying)
(0 S'
(Topographical
Survey) (ii
(Cadastral Survey),
(iii) Stees^) o5^3
(City Survey).
2. ajQ ?5^ /Hydrograpbic Survey).
8. yo^Si S^3 (Astronomical Survey)
^. ^^ &"S^
1. ^O
/Engineering Survey)
2. dfotf;3ooa#g3rS% (Military Survey),
8. /ffS)oj5oa)otf^ ^(Mining Survey),
4. ^P v^ciJb ?6% (Geological Survey),
6. ^cr^SsS&Soeotf ?6"3^ (Archaelogical
Survey).
108?
1. fPeo&sS&j (Chain survey), 2.
J63j5 (Compass survey), 3.
J6^ (Theodolite survey), 4.
(Traverse survey), 6. [6&a
rS^j (Ttiangulation Survey), 6
S^g (Plane Table survey \ 7.
[n^ r$3 (Photographic survey),
8. )&p;5&o &o& 3ci&> rS'Sg, /Aerial
survey).
(Chains)
(Tapes),
(Angular Measurements)
(Details),
(Datum)
sea Level
(Theodolite)
Angles) ; o&,
Angles)o&
tal Plane),
Plane), ^
eg
(b^ (Mean
S3*3tf<3b. ^i
(Horizontal
(Vertical
(Horizon-
(Vertical
(Inclined Plane)
S (Vernier
Theodotile),
(Micrometer theodolite), ^
3 <5" (Mictoptic Theodotile)
1083
il
eso
(Earth Work Calculations)&&6c$
ftfi
(Time), wa^o^&o /Latitude],
(Longitude)
i, a-S'
& ^o
. tffe&coo
^Aoti
(Projections)
(New Developments):
aS i(j3j (Triangulation Survey)
io
(Geodimeter),
meter)
(Telluro
^oej^} (Laser beam)
20
oodi
(Multiplex', fc
planigraphs) sSodS
(Stereo-
rfdbo-tf
(Scale)oSo
^b. &S3T
, faaijfffl*
1089
View^j
)
2000
(Satellite')
iey** (Exploratory)^
nA
90^^
(
\
Field of
244.
( Soil Engineering )
,o (Soil Mechanics);Bo^s5<5
^Foundation Engineering^,
(69)
(Samples)
(Unit Weight), ^P^CT Osij a ( Void
Ratio), &<fi^<s> (Water Content)
1090
meability)
nt)
i, rf^fccSSb cS
ial Settleme-
(Mechanise)
^^o^Retaining Walls)
Pressures),
lbtf|o ( Slope Stability ),
( Shear Properties )
^o^o L 3o<a sSd:
tntmtmt
1081
(Bearing Capacity)!* gtf:$
|8o2J 20, 30 Jbdotf
L co
Aocl
s-rr-,
"3 ) \o)3 Co.
S*.
245.
1092 Ss'SfiiS' II
8T
tftftf&carr S tfStf&D c3^)_ &#o (Plinth)
16
CO
^feo5o 2.4
9.5
1970
efig' ?So?6 i Indian Standards Institution)
^fedSb <JS5^ Sicr^o SJ83otfsj55* (National
Building Code) ij5i&6cOofi.
, 34,
tT > !).
60 "So. S
M a 4^ ^ .^ ^ s *^ ~s ~s A >^ > )^ vf o rtnn
246.
(Structural Engineering)
05
o
9 Soo
1 HJ L_
^65 2& G sSi' OD , Tc3o
A
fefl
tfo
, SoSSSeo,
, ?6(^c^
(Retaining Walls)
ba
?6, atS) Bo^?6D
&ao>
f Aqueducts)
. ^adJb
_. --- e, - --
(*>
1094
(ii) dpSS So^S, *3 Boric
Botfi o-^a wtfsfco. s-a
[Strength of Materials)" "d>
aot$&o (Theory of Structures)"
U 8>6 ^sSS" fono^&) /Theory ol E*a-
^ <P Q V '
sticityV 1 "^fo^i &CTO^^O f Theory
'/ ot> o \
of Plasticity)"
minate)(ii)
(i)
o, (Deter
n-S'
(Rolling
5Sa*
ing stress)
s^R),
Factor
of safety)
3ex>i4ofl.
8DOO
ooo)
factor)
BOO
' ( Load
itf Oflotf S^.
s?
SflcXfc,
a|ofc9fcao^&
1096
Otf&cr?
( N
picity],
(Slab) Ai
oOoSb
Isotro-
A^SfioS
a'02oo'o55
#/v$otf
Concrete 1 .
3*0^!^
(Trestressed
1 ]. 5oil
1096 e*&5:> II
- N?
tJ Q
t e*
(Ductile) tfca.
Jff rftfg
s- a
~~ M ~ " * '
, 6D.
Mi,
Aa
u k. o ca
(tendons)
247-
(Over-bridgc\ ^^cCco, wci er 8 ^^ B e
/ co a
&&Pa2J*dJoaS
^Under-bridge)
2B & 80
3R>
8 tbd)^ &o^ 8
O C3
Bridges),
8 Sbfiotf ^od 20 Sbafctf sser&
CO
(Beam Br
C3
(Arch)
S'&'joK rftffio (Bow-String Girder)
Q65 |_t>> (Rigid frame) 5So3
(Spandril-arch)
1098
n
So<S
sa.
y\ 5 H L
. I I .. I I
sol!&o
^-
fcCo
"55 8tf i_
fcflS)
1099
3*0 L&
eo
SQ^otfaaASD .
2925
f Spans)
84
Sa^sao 1964 ff*
1875 flf 1 S^p ii9co3o<5. 9800
afl
S <
Sea
6.
(Span)
i.
2.
8.
4.
6.
(Suspension)
1298
1964
1280
1987'
604
1981
457
1948
34
1964
248.
(Hudor)
fefib
1100
1)53
&d (Hydrostatics)
(Hydrodynamics)
.
L
^ 11.
CBO
iii
.
ii. rtdb ^?6o (Friction) ^fl?5 F&
i,
llCl
iv.
AQ
tion)
3.
Q O
^ ( Soil
jjSaS tio^o/Fluid Mechanics)
NO
(Compressibilty)
hammer)5
isco-
sity)
eo
i^
tf^rib
(Continuity Equ-
ation)
1102
4-2.2 tfS^tf
Equation
Sbtf
(Volume)
(Momentum
Sbtf jj
(Energy Equation)
[
5*4^60^
(Vapour) L t
(Cavities)
si a
<( Absolute)
eso
(i) "ij
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
^v) eao ^esgo
(vi) igtf a?o
(Vli) 630
(viii) eio
8* a
1108
1. .
^s^rfff 1 ^4^ff^ *T *^* "Ss^oi, 12 a gcJ&fioo. 1970. S&fceoSlO-
oJjrvJOJJ \<L> oJCJOD f\J 5(0^ OOS S
8 G.
( System & Methcd ) 2. . $. S.
1, asSsSQ.fipa^, 1978 $)&&> 76 80.
3. tf. SS. S.
t
^ SS) &, 1978 ^6Dex 66-89.
4. S'.sS.cS.
* u i_
tfo- ^oS5)d3 66, 53*^0 CI 6-6; s^*^ Sfig' ?5 ^23 5, 6o>^ 2 iiiff 75
75, Sfceo 161-167. ^tjeo 53^55
5 vQ oJO^5 I OQo^) 83O
6,
eao ^o tf
4.
, SDcScfsp, 60<5r*r 3 2, Sjjbff 76; S^dito 38-42.
('d&. iS. ^ 1957.
249.
( Irrigation )
<o.
Ao<3dx O'Sifu'tO^"^ o$O5J*t^O OC7*
9 A
SCT* 5*oo5^oi oJO&CO o5tfo5) fofi"S) 63Q*tf
*^ 3. *
&C& t&\ .^80^
1104
II
0*30*
(Benefits of Irrigation)
2otco (Commercial Crops.)
of Irrigation.) :
( Methods
0*
^0"
fctfoo-
Water')
/
(Canal Irriga-
ion)
tion
fofib -
sifi
to
canals')
/
f Inundation-
v
*i^scoSSoSb So^efSbo
canals) &
3ew^)
tion) :
" (Perennial
(Tank Irriga-
(Grou d (Multipurpose river valley projects)
>& "fttfjo 3dipeo"3>
1105
co
fi i
o L
fiS5g
53-tftf
tf o.
'
ell Irrigation):
fcfl
1 1
i I
(70)
--*-- 1*
16
ase tfitf&oo (Water wheels)
(2)
^8 5*oS$JO &&& ^^8D(2& 16
fofl
ij (Til be wells ^ ss&ftS' ^oSS^cCb sStf&oo o*<?cr
\ / e> Q .}
*/
cOQ
^.a.
' ( J )
^OQ d^)^sSi5 {Surface
(Crops and Irrigation)
/-> O \ uDr6 cJQu. -S
Crop oeasonsj Q
-jo&dCco (Flood Irrigation)* ^ft
3^ oSfiif^n* oi^^t!)^ \j*^6 o*^ f Furrow
Irrigation^ O'QO'S*^) S'djeo ^fi*
/ J O 'O
(Level Plots)
(Check flooding^
( i)^
(Basin Irriga-
16 &o& tion^
S.
tion).
(Sub-surface
(Sprinkler Inigati
baa
(Over
V
Irrigation)
5"^, Soio
spg<5i)exi
2.
250.
SSti^do -
esifl
6 rv
^S. ajo^b
H08
li
SoO
sjfi
S)S
3
11(19
SSofiSS tf SPE^
, 830
?3of6
?So?6.
Sbtfd
sjfi ?SooSeo
O9
* oSo?6 cStf&fcSo c? 0)
, S5o
, (3dbfi8c5ia
iSpeson* IS
I. tit ^
251.
1110
tfotf^otf
fcfib tffl^otfn* fS
. Sio^fcfi
2600
1200
A O
, S'oo*,
o o
o
sSofi
1111
ioSs'tfao (Sedimentation)
(Aeration)
(Filtration).
S&tfasoo
SSo
ea: n
(BoriDg wells)
(Waste Disposal):
ibc$ S'S',
SSx>8
a rf,
120 fctotf
CO
1112
aiofiofiS
(Screen) o CTJCP
g'oo,
SVoa.
"40
Chamber)^ 1
(Grit
wg'^S (Inorganic)
Sae (Bacteria)
(Septic
?3c?6?i 1868
252.
(Environmental Pollution)
1956
S'on*
fib
L 303
1968s*
1113
, &ojofi" S&tfea&co
fctib e?SooCp
(Water Pollution)
tforv^S
(Synthetic Drugs Factory)
(^Waste) fir 8
70
cyoe
1
L_
ej)^colio
. jfc,
tttftf L?&orr tfft
(Air Pollution) :
(Chimneys)
, So,
1114
dSoo[rc ( Internal
Combustion Engines N j
So^SO, 5*55"
(Mask)
0.05
D*OCT 0.71 eS 36
<o
2
1970 8^0
160
690 B&
cS 3l ^dfc o& 3 D eo;g5*d'S'
/n AVT \ .x-3 sw-'v' C>& <p ^E5*CO
/r.f\.rN.j ^roocs <Oo4<x)CT*
^ - ^-- -'-^ ^^-^- S5.57>C^O^O|
-o^er s*Co
C3
1116
SgcXi
CO
253, ^sj^ SbSSSwew-83oejS)8ortb $0*2 esSSooew
(Earthquake Engineering)
(ion-
Sb<58
fijosafctf Oft,
C CO
wowofl,
1116
ii
/Model)
(laertia)
t>o auS
a
mation
(Defor-
JS|S:A
(Breaking)
fcozrO,
oe:>0
i^o (Vibration) JSi
^Theory
of Vibr-
ions):
ations
cfl
(Oscillation),
o
5S_tfS s*oo (Period), sSe^oQ (Ampli-
tude) sSjCb5roco. ejg
(Frequency). S^jfio
Sou)
( Fundamental Frequencies )
(Mechanical Vibra-
tions) Son-a
(Seismograph)
SOtf ^sSrf S*CPCO
(Displacement)
(Response Spectrum)
(Designs)^ ^5? |j<o
*^
1.
tf S)
(Liquifaction)
2-
Hit
(Soil Dynamics)
(Ducti-
(Brittle)
3.
4)
( Connections) ^D ^ L ^_^
(Framed
Structures
5.
(Plans)
cal)
io (Symmetri-
iiis
)&jfo a.g' 3ooc&ShL (School for
Research and Training in Earthquake
Engineering) fco^ta) 3&o<5, stf^-A ifc^a. 3e3
i^ar "aa,
I f\ '
CO
. 1962 5
(Code)^) 5-rtdS L^iprag' or6 (Indian
Standards Institution)
XVI It
-S
254.
, gfi
(1) *T_8 4o^tff v^&3 (Power
Generation).
^Design)
SgcCb^^
(Productivity)
(Technological Era ) 5* |_8
(*)
c5oc$>S S^^foS^O. u^^) |O& ( j
1120
255. ^J
( Power Generation )
if
2. C^S
of Energy):
(S
ources
cS)ot>
1. ^W^sSaflf* ofioti
(Fossil buels\.
2.
(Hydro)
8. 25 ex a^rfS (Fission)WeaD
^Fusion)
4. c&rtfja S^esroi (Solar Rays)
5. ^sS?6sSxex> (wind)
6. RSSbaitfSbo cSbo^jp <afc> a*dooc
(Tides)
7. Scp/f^ * (Geothermal)
(Gas Turbine Power)
(wind mills)
1121
3.
tions)
(Power Sta-
T JS
(Transmission)
(Distribution)
3,1
(Steam Power Station)
j
. 1 SS
X
@(gj;
7^1 ,,
1. CPCODG^ (Boiler) 2. tog^S" (Tur-
bine) 8. tfoB^S" (Condenser) 4,3A^e3
e?2) (Hot Well) e.is'So^ (Feed Pump)
-6. e*?S3&o (Generator) 7.
fofib (Circulating Water)
(71)
ure Vessel).
(Expansion)
fiasco tfAorf
(Device)
(Condensate)
0-00006" ^*as 6
s:5" iff io^ (Boiler feed Pump)
3.2
(Diesel Power Station)
(Deael)
(Cylinder
* Sd-S tf rv
1132
(Products of Combustion)
SVo d&pSiu (Por-
table Generating Units).
2.
>^ (Stand by Unit)
S)(S" fPeakload
V
Unit) n* sp^sS^^o.
3.4 *t>S>&gT "S^S^W (Hydro-
Electric Power Stations) :
(Stand. by Units).
8.
4, "5>S
(Peak Load Units)
5 )
sac
(Primary source of
Power in Large Power Plants).
fcfl
. 2 25.
fcfi
(Head) ^
4-
3 3 3-cSfc <f J S&gS" '
(Gas Turbine Power Stations)
(dam)
"
dj*g
S"
Tank)
(Penstock)
*,$
(Combustion Cham-
.
(Potential Energy)^ &>^
^D CVanes) tffl, w
V >
(Furnace Oil)
S ( Mechanical Energy ) n*
1128
3.5 S>tt a&glT "3oL#S&> (Nuclear
Pov/er station) :
w^ &| S&gS" *3oLtf2So (Thermal
Power stations) "*& $o#?5&:<i; (Fossil
fuels) tf-o 0-30*
(Reserves)
(R
esources
' 9 (Atomic Energy )-
reac-
tionsV
/
, 5*6060,
(Radio-
active materials ) o
f 8 ,
*
eseso
(Cooling medium) [6c3* n
(Co 2 ),
(Organic Fluids, Light Water, Heavy
water) anl
(Heat Exchanger) 8*
(Boiler)
(Shielding)
(1) ^07^ S)d3 6dfr!<5' (Boiling -
water reacton,
(2) & dS fefi aoS^lS 1 (Pressurised
water reactor),
(3) [tfsSg *JpsSio3 ^ootfefeflb
Gd5j^6" (Liquid metal reactor),
(4) sjc&o$3 rfo^tfA> adfr|S"
(Gas Cooled reactor).
(6) L<SV^ adBWtf (Fast Bree.
der reactor)
D, (Fuel care)
(2j L sS?fS>S'sSx> (Moderator (8) ^tfSS
(Shield) (4, ^QsJ^g'^ (Reflcior)
(Reactor Vessel)
(Control rod)
(7) fttfa dSStfsSa (Coolant).
1124
(1) ec.fr.rs- (2)
al< (6) &
(Coolant) ()**> (Shielding) (4)
(10)
(18)
(14) "3(5
(11)
mills)
(Wind
untries)
oa*&s^
Collectors)
L 53f &W& (Tropical
Solar
(Discs).
frgSa
a
"34.
256.
1.
180 ss ?$o.?s
(Pompei)
j* 3dJda
(Compound
Steam Engines^ "Srti^ wtf&
19 sS *o'>&># 7 S-irr 1 . /
o L '
2.
ofib ^
area
^>;$ (Heat transfer
(Efficiency)
3.
, 2.
3.1
155
(i) &oi
'; (iii)
co
3,2. fcfiS
1.
CO '
(iv)
1123
6.1
li
(Loco-
motive Boiler)
(Babcocfe & Wilcox Boiler).
(a, a,)
Ibfib
1129
3-SSiF 8 4.
|So<2>
i-
8.
(Accessories)
8.1.
(Feed Pump)
B5oooo
(i) ^ft
(ii)
(iii)
8 2.
(Economiaer)
8.3. SB" (jb-SntoSi (Air Pre-heater)
(Super heater)
9.0.
20
(Steam turbinesWSljd)
(High Pressure Boilers
(Eenson), (ii)
(ivj
S)fl
Fission)
3 (i) 3S"
(Velax) :
Lamont)
(Nuclear
(i) [tj*o
(Trombay), (}i) frcr'^5' (Tarapore)
(iii) ^) L c3?3o (Madras)
5 S3*Q2>o&
113)
^Science),
ertfsS (Technology) <DoS* * a^V^A^ ^tf^ss, * H rf.
m \ / oj Of O BQ pJ OuQ O lO o3O J3 o (O'viO * 3 "Of
L j B
5*3
(Power- Plant)
257. <
(Turbo machinery)
. r. 1894 fir*
Aotfc ^_^^>. ^ _ u.
^Ou) 3*(S)^a, SD^O 1989 T
4000
(Steady state continuous
flow
f Efficiency 9* r i cCca^)?S> Sbfio^i ( Com-
v ' ~ .
pvess)
&*&
1930
( L S ". 1791%
list
2.
8S)
C3 tJ
ii.
(Service - Lifej
.^.
SjS)
id.
[Fuel)
iv.
(Lubricant)
(v)
v.
^Vibrations)
rvOO
5iT
_53 a, "I i^aa (Constant Pre-
.
ssure/^
ii.
stant volume) rf
(Con-
t&ici
lifts o**s&s>$' ii
Si 6 sotfc6&c&> SOBS' 60*30* Ste^S
_
^e i
^
CO
5.
^i 6B ^ d&ojjJaao s*tfgtfXtf (Effi-
ciency) &ed& sio^?i2i P& f_8 (Fuel
Economy) ^^^g d&o\J$ztio&
(Simple-turbine)
(Accessories)
(Kinetic Energy) n*
dfctfo*
CO
^ " to3
& ""
4.
co
" /T*da2io 0*0
1188
JT>
\
(0
80
6jotfcSsfco&
ft.
258.
(N. J. Cunot)
(1769). as. a.
SSXP&
(1885),
(1886)
1908
EL GEfi#S
1184
IT
2.
(1)
Bflofifrfo
SSofia. sioseS' 3xiiJSsS
81083
L sso
(S&fSSoO
2. (2)
; wi&f fc^dfoe
,000
5J*e">, s^e" 250-850
pJ
g-tf
19
120
S^rfo
' Bore)
t?cr
(Volks wagen)-
wtfon- '
s- fib
57^
^$30
(DTP
SIS' <32iob
(Knocking)
11JB
4.
5.
. ss
o ' ' .. - ^ -, . ,^ .- , o
18,000 sStfSo* o
83 O
"
o
^^c^^
CO
STTPO Si^g
CT'A'
rk
6.
Si
5"
ofi. S to, rHtfSb, Jto^Cb 3oo^9
* CO C3 CO *
(12
CO ' CO
12,000 - 20,000
12
1186
II
iff Jbfi,
7.
(Torque)
^[5*0
. 6:9 (S g^Ot^O
S'OR) fiOSo- 3c&0.
i>o
L co
8.
. sCo
ab/T
118?
9 -
\ ^ a
(Mechanism)
i
r
, ao^)oi5S
(72)
259.
(Workshop Machines)
(i)
(Welding),
(Casting),
[Precision)
(ii)
J .
^Lathe)
(4) $-$& (3) ar 8
Bo& ocsD^es
tfcp;$a,$afoe*)
(chip)
2t
D =
|*^ (S)
(L>8Dj
1189
eo&Co. &SS 10 o &o<3 80 o
6o &oA 16 P
3.
4.
i
1140
(Drilling Machine):
(2)
(Helical flute)*
(1)
(2)
(8) j3
^tf as
O (Table)
\\V\SM
^ " r^p- -^
6.
tfco. jag) (4)
(6)
(6)
(Lathe)
(Milling Machine):
1141
(Cutter]
(a)
(b)
7.
(Horizontal)
sS
5
(c)
(d)
Cutter
(Cutter)
(Work-piece)
(Chip shape)
1142
ii
10.
TGrinding
Machine^ :
(Tools & Cutteri)
(Hardness) tfg
S). 40^
J
^
12.
(1)
(2)
CPU w.
260,
_ o e Q
( Workshop Processes )
1.1
nS)
(Pattern)^
&PI
p u o wvw ^ w u luv-uju-uiau vw
iao &6
1 S^^SJ^dSoo sS<J58 (Casting) S'CicS sjoSo^?6: sSiflotido (RammiDg)
* Q U \
2. ffS^ ifiSS (Forging)
8. "SOorib (Welding)
a
(Machining)
Q
1.
1144
W II
n-s',
#06*80
^
eg
2.
n-a
2 (1)
forging)
fl
eo jfcssoab ae* n-a,
o-o
iwa>
L
(Die forging^ :
(3)
cyfi
SbtfjS
"ifl
3.
OB
fi ajfl.
* o
3. (1)
3. (2)
(Arc Welding) :
1146
rfg
3. (3)
Welding) :
(Resistance
3. (4)
tfo So-tffiaoS*
4.
^Machining)
. A
(i)
(iii) ^
(ii)
(Tool)
1146
(i)
carbon steel)
(High
(ii) a&
(iv) a
(v) ^ L ^Si5 (T
-
1000
2.
8.
4.
5.
6.
odofi"
1560-780
126-75
616
26
876-250
760^260
60.0.2
60^0,2
6.8-0.2
60.1.8
0.8-0.1
(Electro Discharge machinog),
StfS (E C M) &QcJ5co
^Ultrasonic Machining)
. i.
XIX
jgf
261.
_S (Solar Energy), 3
* (Wind Energy), #&>[# 3oo *
(Tidal Energy), &* tftf^ 6|^J (Geo
thermal Energy)
(Primary) * J
(Universe)
mercially)
^<)
(Efficiency) S*
^$ (Luxury)ir
T J ( Activity ) j6
1148
it
ption) 96.5
(Per Capila Consm-
SecSofi,
( Theoritically )
(Electricity),*? !^ ?r^&o (Phy
sics^ aitf S5?tf
/
S^gS"^ wrftfw
S"o(Practical Way)
ied Electrical Science
. ftc3otf Seng
, 20
0*30* (1000
(A.C)
(Appl-
(D.C).
t&D
o
rfl,
aso
(Steam turbines) &acS:o 1)2
tf\g s3a^sSbew5x>( Water wheel turbines)
e^u
B J
< (Natural gas)
Lines )
( Receiving
Substations .) So
o t ^-^(Distributing Stations
& Lines") cs*oa latf
/ O O
1975
6,00,000
10,00,000
(Transmission)
650
800
10,00,000
(D. C, Transmission)
1976
sS S$x> (Maximum Size
of Single generator) sao O^gSS'&oer*
100 Sjrrs'da (wSn- 100,000
CD \
160
00
830
200 33.53-. 65
ItO SD. 53-.
600
^Seao (Designs)
1986
1976
220 1 2). 1980
400 "g S.
403 1 a 5
J (Applied Electricity) 10
(Elect-
rical Engineering)^
1149
a-
1.
( Principles of Electricity
2.
(Electricity Generation)
( Electric Transmission System )
4.
( Electricity Distribution
6. S)&j6 6^ ^g25S.
( Electricity Economics)
(Practical Experienced)
^ (Electrical Engineers^
- Sofia
a-A,
1150 asr^fSSS)^ ll
0*0
ar
262.
(Electricity Generation)
axo & L^SJ-SP a&gS" (Direct Current)
e#g&a3:? i^^SbS" sfSbo S6S (Alternating Current)
&do& SexSSeaA o3co?6^(S.
(Very
High Voltage T^ SoOdSbg
(Battery Cells), e$o&r5> COP
\ * /
SfcSCbeo, no
iiei
^Nuclear) *_g
tftfotf&oo
(Geothermal
Energy) e
Nuclear
Reactors)
^)^ /Breeder)
oxto sSofi
o-o
Ao^db. e.g' 3tf;&>rv
fca?T J(Potentia) Energy)
^o (Experimental rj (Kia ^ iic Ene rgy)n.
,
Water Wheel
Turbine)^ ^S
(Steam Tur-
Sdfcto SeS COP
ii
rfr Soccer? firS,
(Friction),
&tf?S (Windage)
( Efficiency )
n*
(Thermo Cuoples),
(Photo-Electric Cells)
1676) s^o;
fl.
3\ 6
ftrf
fc^tfb
(Steam Torbo Alternator) a,t
(Speed)
(Horizontally)
1000
(Level Difference or Head)
1163
(Verti
cally)
L, eras
a. ia 2
160
). 1000
800
(Speed)
. Horizontally"
(Idle state)
oj8 ^Operation)S
Load)
30
18.8
400 8.
9.
11
i
f Transformers
( Transmission Lines ]
(Receiving Stations)
263.
(Electricity Generation Methods)
(Matter)
(Atom)fiT 1
S^D^ (Negative)
(Charge) ^)A c$fcodfc&. S)e3
(Positive) a
(73)
(Oxidation and Reduction)
ff 8
(Electrolyte)
a c?
-^8 iDoS*
1154
li
( Conventional )
(Prime
cor
ao^oeo
cor
OXP
eafib^
(Efficiency)
tsSfirv
T S v
(wo*
8000 ^ 8600
10.
2000 36^
o-to
(1000
Turbine\
(Capacity
UOO
coj*
(Gas
(Reactor)
(Controlled Process)
sSoa
^o 0*30*
1156
II
Hydrogen)^)
& (Mehing Point), &tfe (Friction)
(Heavy (Alloy) v$
8 A
fin*
(Magneto HydroDynamics)
tion) S$o<23
So6/S"
( Super Critical Temperatures )
cm*
ooDoS'
(Fuel Cells)
(Atmospheric Pollu-
630
264.
(Hydro-electric generation)
& (Head)
o o
49 fotiS) ao
S '6
pose) Stf^&oaDn* &*tf* tfr&*oaotf*a. &^o so t>tf\o&e> A-OCP
*eToi eso
OOO" ^J'Q,
rs ^ ^ e~ -^
fea
3. 830
1168
II
(Potential energy) s
62.g
62.5
fctf
62.5
0,^3
(Kinetic Eenergy)
fea tfc^ r j,
hanical energy )n-
(Electric Generator)^**, <&*$* f J
, fea
(Windage) ^o^, r #fj
(Efficiency)
a f z&
(Power in kilowatts) &>(Discharge-
(15,6 fca'o'&3 (Constant)
4-
830
bcorv 8acr>^ciSb&oe>?5b
a o ej
cfi
MR), L 9o<S
830
1169
S'Cfl
of the 'river Power Station)
(ii) tf
(River diversion Power Station)
(iii) S
^Storage Reservoir Power Station)
(iv) sSQS^fcdi 3^ ioSS) 83^^^
SdsgSj.o^sSa. ^Reversible or Pumped
storage Power Station)
(Weir) tffl,
- 1
(u)
5*6
oL co
CO v
0*0
1160
2Se>& SdSbgSj-ojSsSboeo cos*
[Pen stocks)
firo^ &
(Water turbines)
oa Sitfc
Sirtf^co^ Sdb^>. ^i Stf&or
6^^&,
/Geaeratori^
oofi",
880 sSboeo OOP
(iii)
fla
n*
"Sbtf
Soeb
firt>S5
(Penstock Pipes)&
3
(Down Strean areai)^
. 2
1161
- 8
8so
tftftfS
(iv)
wo
fedon* sSStfo
s*sSodbo& S),^?
(Thermal or nuc
lear)
is?Sn
(Electric power)
cor*
*, sycjg,
6.
(i)
1162
(ii) &&# $ SPeoJS (P
ower cana
l) :
(iii)
ocooSS
4. fc^8& &*tf otf&o (Pressure Tun
nel):-
5.
(Penstocks) :.
0*0*
30*
S
/Power House)
(Inlet Valve)
(Regulate)
(Water Wheel)
[58 L c& (reaction) fea
BS'^o ItoiJ iSoipfloSSaaa, i$\gx>
( Kaplan )
100
830
1163
UOO
fefitfotf tf &6d&>
gS 1 (Pelton)
1600 ?ioa 5000
(Tail race) a*
(generator)^
11,000
is.ooo
o (Switch Boards)
(relays^
_ttee (Transformers)
132,000 &r 2,20,000
oS); Stepped up)
v 7
(High voltage yard)?^ Sfl,
tf&o (Circuit
breakers) cr^cr aatf (iS^^o^ S*$
(Transmission
265.
(Thermal Electric Generation)
(Matter)
^?6 (^Natural)
1164
II
Point
(Boiling
ccog
, &p3tr,
(Natural Gas)
(Matter^
mas' (Furnace) ff
j fWater vessel or drum)
pand)
(
Ex-
(Pressure)
(High
Pressure & high tempreature steam) a
(Steam turbine)
COP
S
SSjQ\,
COP
(Generator)
(process)
ney)
3 fii
& oc&fi
s^^ OOP
(Efficiency)^) fipfc
eon-
sStfSb
1185
(i) !bfl L 1
Vessel or
(Water Pressure
Steam) rv>
MOi3*^sS (Saturated
(Dry]
(Super Heaters)
(iij foeS L t)
.
S3
/Sb
(iiij
a3&<*b&.
COP
(1) ejofitf SgSg (Fuel system),
(2) BO So^tf S<gSS?6 (Water
Treatment System',
(S) 830 zr^fsteXx (Steam Gene-
ration or Boiler V
(4) exp3tf SK5tf.!S ^Sg (AshHao-
dling System),
(5) flaeea-^ So6(j&E3 (Steam Tur-
bine),
(6) SeSfeg'^es BO s5g^ (Cooling
Water System),
(1) a&ge33$f&3 (Generator),
(I) ^o^S 3 & SSS (Fuel System)
20
oL
40
45
li
io<33
l[ srtfS" fig?" (Waggon Tippler)
sS #5 (Hopper) S^^
a^SS ^DOS ^^&
er&a (Rubber belt Conveyor)
(Bunkers) 8*b
^oSS^ (Stock yard)
(Pulverising MilIs)So
(Crusher)* ^sSo
1167
on
(2) 83e
Treatment System):
(Water
(Dissolved salts)
rities
f Suspended impu-
(Fjl-
(Boiler) S*!5
(Co*
rrosve
(Acid) rv $S^
Sx) [Corrosion)^^
s?&ocr> (Neither
acidic nor alkaline)
Neutral
ralised Water)
(Demine-
3. o ET D ^ttSS'S5w (Steam Gene
rator or Boiler)
(Water
(Bad Conductor) tube Boilers) fc&Sc&a, c3o#sS
(Fire tube Boilers)
1168
II
(i)
(ii)
(i)
( Pressure Vessel or Drum V
( Super Heaters )
. 100
40 Sbtotf sS^^b?^, 2GO
C3
60
(down comers) & A
(raisers)
Con-
vection Currents) 66^4,
[Natural circulation)
Natural Circulation
Boilers).
r Assisted or forced Circulation
"&
(Super Heaters)
(Dry)
(Turbine)SSb
(Fuel gas path) 6*
(Economiser)
1169
(Furnace and fuel gas path)
(Mechanical)
/Eleccro static) C30afi "Sa^tfswo (Dust
or ash collectors)
(Ducting),
2% So
(Induced draft Ian).
S, oo^^
(Suction) 3
4. w&^ S5^c5 SgSS (Ash-hand.
ling and Disposal System);
,
L
(Forced draft fan)
(74)
.8o(3
5.
(SteamTurbine)
2.
1170
li
(Heat Engine),
(Nozzles) CP^O* 0*0- (Jet) Co^i
j (Kinetic Energy)n*
(Rotor ) ^
S8[Sc& (Reaction)
eaction
/Fixed nozzles) QV>D
(Axis) ^
ular)
n-
flow) do3 ^5"
/perpendic-
<53btf .as (Radial)
|Sfi L 3dfib (axial flowo impulse reaction)
060
(stages)^*
(High
Pressure Stage), e*
(medi
ium
ssure stage)
ssure
Stage)^
Pre-
(saturated steam)T>
(condenser)
(Hot well) 49^1 e$Q&co.
[Ij^. rSo^s5coo - High and
low pressure heaters)
tfsSu (Fuel gas
feconomisers^i
\ /
eao (condensate) S
fefl (Boiler feed water)
(reheaters)&,
(reheated)
(Gross efficiency) !
6. kti&Sti 0S$|Si3 (Cooling
Water System) :
(Condensei) 6*
creo*
eo* o I
J L
fcfio
tfooA
(Open Circuit Cooling)
oo
ajcr-
(Closed Circuit
Cooling') S
(Circuation) 6*
edido
Sfio^fib
rNatuial Draft Coolicg Towers)
oo
(Forced Daft Cooling Towers^
(Con-
cave)^
&Q
(Thioat)
(Suction)
/Beaiingsl
(G
enerator
3 ^S>S (Three phase)
60 jSo
(60 Cycles per Second)
1600
1172
8000
60
sooo
3/*Co
^Speed Reduction gear)
f\ CJ
60
or
Stator)
(Static armature
260 63*r?
^Hydrogen)
(Physical 5ize)
200
(Cooling) 1
ll,t)00 S^ 13,800
(Transformers)^, *
400 S.5*)& eS5*2poi (Stepped
e>A, ffitf^u* ^0(&^J^^xio f Transmission
i ri v
Line) DJJD* ?3oijv5*^ (Receiving) "Soj^J
rr
( Calorific value )
II
( Colorie )
30
Koto 860
Thermal efficiency)
(Gross
860 SJ. x 100%
idsSjes>lx)
o ^
4000 ^>o<3 4400 esoeb ?3Kto^ 4200
(Full
0.6
(Gross Thermal efficiency)
0.6 X 4^00
20 & A 25
1178
d&oitf SOJSpesSio 1000 5. 53*. So
/ Friction )
(Windage)
CO
^fibn*
100 5 60
a. a. "34
a
266.
(Nuclear Electric Generation)
(Molecules
and Atoms) :
f5sS>_?S [tfsSg&o (Matter) wesos^o:
(Molecules) & *$S f&*^^a^ S'a
"S e5c3*tfc^ e^eao s^cB^^x^ Sic^25j*es^o^sS^ (Atomic Nutn-
(Mass)
(Atoms) &o ^es5ooc (Fucda-
mental Parheles) g'ocoiS'^ )tf^&i!fcf$^a. (Neutral
(Element) c^^^ tf ^*|,g^ 8 ^ (Radio Activity) :
'o"^oi2S^5S?5D J$3j*o r^i'<?^ao (Elements) WaS^
Nucleus\ f)/\cJiioo&rSo. A^) tii^JSa* SDDCS o23^ /Periodic Table j
1174
n
(Radio Activity)
(unstable^
(Radio active Isotopes)^
(Rdaio Aetire
DisintegratioD)
' (Disintegration)
(Chance)
(Radio Active
Radiations) Sg
j (Energy)8^
ervation of mass & Energy)
. 'otf s5oa^ ceo*
(Cons-
(E)
= L tf X 5 2 (E = m c 2 )
T 5 (Energy), ^ (m)
(Mass), 3 (c)
J Jtfo (Ergs)
3 X i 10
IX (8 X 10 10 ) 2 = 9X
(Units
for
Nuclear Power) :
ioitf r '
(Charge)
(Unit)
(Resista-
nee
ft-tf 5*
S*<JT
ao.
1176
('Nuclear Fission):
Stffib
ODJ
(Fission)
200 ^. i. 5*. (aoOd&S"
1.6 X 1C"" 6 ^
3.2 X 1G~ 4
g 4 ^ ( 1 X 10 21 ) ci
3.1 X }0 10
25,0' 30* s(S~
26,00,000 ^430 r a aotf^
CO ^~
Reaction):
(Chain
ion)
oxr*
3$
(Chain Re
action)
1176 asrJS&SbS' II
'Isotopes}
92
> 92
(Controlles
Chain Reaction\ :
tfe
10,000
d& a
838
cab 239 T
^5 UO
phite)
o, 0*0
cCb 238
*>u
c&> 234 . fi^tf 8 142 &r'2|dr>&eQ &o&^). ^ 9
148
&>
140 - ^
OS^pCO O
dSco 235
1177
1178
ar Reactor)
(Nucle-
J (Nucle-
ar Reactor\ :
(Design)
diS
(shielding)
(Moderators and Reflectors)
& (Moderators)
SSrj JJ-&CB oo^Cf [IP
^Sso (Reflectors^
, cop
(Hydrogen ^
pes)
18
(Heavy water).
^Oxygem
1o
18
sSboiSCb.
wctf
(Fuel) :
0.7
**8
2535
99.8
^^^
ciio 238
rv,
1180
:> ii
Ao*
team)
830
fat tftfrt (Coolant) a ofl
(i) sydSo i^o ^^6" SdCo^tf) (Gas-
Cooled Graphite JReactor) :
S*/<) ^COr^ 53d30Q$ 33 JpOdio 5
s^ Itffctftfrfrp ^^sS L.'Ssa^er 8 (Low
Pressure) s^^o^^. & tf$ Sdfr^eo^ 6
Sfiin* ancfib id [_#& dSbojisSa (Gas-
Turbine) &
(Boiler) 8*
&&&* ?5^fi3 (Natural)
(i)
00
Pressuri-
sed Water Reactor) : &&S*
(Thermal Efficiency)
2.6
fc^Soo _,
Q V 235
d8oa'3ad6o4>
(iii)
Water Reactor)
(Boiling
(Heat Exchanger)
(iv)
(Sodium Cooled Graphite Reeactor)
a Oo
(Corrosion). &o&3 oaj*^
a. &
(Heat Exchanger) 8* tf&c&o 54> -g ^ 23J 338
, cop
?T
/"Fast and Bree- sS3*fio^. aa dio 235 SsS SMSiftS i^ific^
c*i
5d3j2'5b fFast and Bree- sS3*fio^. ga dio 235
c*i \
der Reactors) :
|<5b (Breeder reactor) [jS&
^6:) (Fast Reactorj wodatib.
s^ e
aS [Fertile)
228
. S.
26T.
(Principles of Electricity)
tfo
cxofl
as
r ja
Q.
xDo6" 8
rxSocS^ff ScBrASGOO * tf &&10 oCr&ofi
_ o L S^ ^^S5o> 624
d&c& ^otffl S^ cX3coS^r 35 jj$
lid*
CO Q
(lB40-lB08j'
(De Magnetej
ceo* h ^
S^ofi fia-tfSsoi ocxigrftf
tor) o?0c&)
^Conductor)
18 i
85,
18
(1737-98) ^53*^
s*e>&o<gr*;3
?oa*
(1799-1875)
e
(Generator";
1184
'
(Charge) n*
5",
'
( discharg
i
O L
Conventional
\
9
(Contincously)
foe
It
n*exico
& :
(eloctr-
t
JL
. doSb
CD* o sr
_ l _- - u - -----QL, TCj
WODD&O
fSoSb
\^ C3 _
^5A
^ : a ? *i
Q
(75)
1186
fi
6oO ^*S" (Gauss)
sooSSx
S^oS,
Dielectrics)
. fcfl
otS^
Jb^^^,335 1> g?6o(5 ^0(3^3, So fl
116?
(Closed)
(atoms)
iasS
(Electrolytic Conduction)
(Resistance) L i
(Electrolysis)
3 [C&
(Eletroplatingj
(Nuclear reac^
(Electric Furnaces)
1188
ft
ft^ifito) wcSfi^^-otf
(medium) s<5>;
a rfa oo&S (soft iron)
, cibtfo
ooSio
oooSSxin 1 a-g' S)igC3*pS5'fix)?5o
ooodiorv
(Fleming's Right hand
Rule)
1188
1
\ fc\
\ a '\
( Sjdo&D 3 ).
5)
's' 1 a
STS'tf
S>oo
1179
0-30-
235
(Coolants) :
oaotfS&o
(Medium) ^*^
(Heat Exchanger)
cor
(Super heater^ a<jo
(Dry) nSo
Turbines) ftocr
(Steam
IPO
l^fe^tfes*
(Containers)
coo*
. Jrffctftfw
(Closed Circuit System)^*
(Heat Receiving Exchanger) c
1190
ii
B ><&!" /Altern-
ating Current Electricity) ,
So
8SO
^Degrees J
'*" ut &> jAt far*
100
16 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 160 166 180
25.9 50 70.7 86.7 96.6 100 96.6 86.7 70.7 50 26.9
BO
1191
(Phase Sequence] a, S, fc
1192
II
les per Second) (JjdS 3ofi
3gx> /Frequency)
50
. 8
80UO
3000
'S, a)
^J 33^.0^83(5 65
60
tTcSi
(Commutator)
l r l
2
4
6
8
10
12
16
20
40
8,000
1,600
1,000
760
600
600
876
800
200
160
3000
SOOgb
5j pel), aa
(Multipoles)
tricity) :
( .Physical Size )
j^ *3)tfa ^o&&.
(Direct Current Elec-
irect Current)
6 SS
'&><&\Ctok^
lies
(Carbon Bru-
shesV li
o-a OStfo
N^VVVV^v^^^
10
fContinuous)
(Resistance) :
oa<3
ccoo^ ifto^b SotiSn&cSfi.
cfidfio,
(Potential) ^girg^^ |jSofrsSaS*
ii ** arias' ii
(Induced
back electromotive force)
gnetic Linkages) &9
^07?
Linkages)^
tfg&E (inductance)
S*eo;
* " ***& (Practical unit)
V \^P*N ^v<^ fc x'*<:>. \ ~Q ... ^ . ,-!. e~ *r.. JQS
CXXP
SSfroCfi
v . _ CS QCi^ilO, Ont^OG !e
s\ CLiSo, ^ tt I
(Ohm's Law) >
(Inductive reactance)
fcX*^Ai^r* i:
^Inductive reac-
._. ^. _ (Frequency) '!r'
tancej: v ;
CT
2 ^ ^* x
3.1416)
So Stft2bfcir sy^^ idsSj ^ff*<jSco /Material resista -
co o u e v
6 &?^ nee)
tance) &aofe> [S
tive reactance)
(resis-
'Induc-
(" Impedence drop
'
(Condenser)e3o<&&.
(Condenser discharg
1196
(Discharge)
wol>
S&gS"
5*^4
(Condensers)^
3&&.
(Capacitance)
1196
ii
( Indu-
(Resistance)
ctive reactance i &6c&>
&oo(Capacitance reactaDCe)?5oc&> g
S&& S5od^) esfcog'tf (Circuit Impedance)
wo&fio. si(3
(Electrical generator):
spSSS'sioX),
OOP
SOTS'
(Prime mover)3 |
<&o$x
o (Stator)
(rotor).
(field coils) &
(armature)
or axle)^
d&<3 SeigS"
(shaft
gftfrfc.
(friction contact)
8Dti<8 S5od6^a (circui
s^efc
(armature) ft
(alternator^
(D.C)^
(Stator)flr*
rame
phases) 3(31)4^ esc&dSS
S'ccxoS'
(three
, oo&fi ^c
(Commuta-
(Electric Motor) ;
oo'4 f
a<S)g"
li97
Q
cap ^SySSS'sSxG^^ cifiao
8 s5d Three phase System
(Difference in degrees or Phase (Units):
oiiierence )o5o (Oospaj5' loJojSjpotjbo^ob^o /:\ c\*s- ...... / vr -* cHJ-dss* /\7^i
/CD I > I 1 I QJ QJ CJ O^ "\ "S 3 EDOouOOOS oJ O3 [ V Ol
tage N : fitS J)goS'sSbo <^co; 1000
/ u
a.S' gS^^ex) (K. V.)
/r> + * w T- u\ v ^^ (ii) ^^J^ ^NSPSS'SiD (Current) :
(Rotating Mengnetic Field) i^s^^^a V / e- J v y
(iii) ^<ii.g" ^sSig'jSb (Power)
ooofi
1000 5^to)uo fiu^3(?* 5Ftx>; 1000
So, [jJsiESfi^ ?6oS5^^ ^ocX5b^ (Closed
Circuit)rv W - JW w ^ w .^ ^-.^-w (iv) ^J (Energy) :^^
"i^SSa,
. rfofc.
rfodo
(1) 10 to&^o Q66 1171
^)&S
(Power) 9T"eot) oy^abiDol)^ S)i5
^Energv^i T*ex)i> 536"-wsS5"-iodoCb f2\
v -' / \ /
(3) 111
661 ag SsSjS
(4)
(Motor)
(5) 40 53fc r*&tfgs$x> tfe 25
i^ tfodo ki*b&&.
(6) 17 3>og SfiSS 10
100
. CP.
268.
(Electricity Transmission System)
(i)
(A. C.) S
S^ j-o ^
j6 (Transmission System) fc$
Godownsj
(Central
(Retail Dealers)^
S?6 [Sotf, &e&ET
o ^- o */
(Receiving Stations)^ fefor'
Stations^)
g&oo (Transmission Lines)rbcnr
o*ox)
(Voltage)
5*g* 11,000
c^
8^ S^CGCO
11 8.5*.
66 8. <3* 3 rv!0 p 182 "V. S
220 3.
Voltage
*|E (Extra High
. si<23 ^tfS$ tpficr)
*^^OD (E.H.V.
n \
Transmission Lines) asi SS^S ^^
*^_i "loj^SaoJi, rfoijrSpg' (Recei-
ving) "3o|tfs^o& sea ss^^g tfa*&r6'
S (Main Transmission Line Net-
work)^ dpTo&&. e
(Sub)
(High Voltage)
. esig
(Grid)
(Interconnedionsj
t Ib^b-o
(Regions)n
(Ulcra
High Voltage)
(Extra High Voltage)
(Indian National Power Grid)
ScoS:e)&?ij.
SsSdsSboeo
a-OS
( Electro
Magnetic Induction")
/
( Transformers \
"Sp^
6x1)
, t)<S
<fid&,
o
Sftfctf (Power
Capacity)?^
?. S), <^ (K. V. A
(M. V.
( Potential )
(Spark) dtf o*:$&o (Arc),
1200
it
iffy 53if:SSSb &&&.
A - O
(Insulator Strings)
(Different Phaies)
(Elec.
trie Faults)
O&gS
Circuit Breakers
(Automatically)
(Electric
Arre-
sters) iSSspSj* &6cJfo tftf^ SpQ^eaoeo
(Current and Potential Transformers)
3x)<3o<*o 6"^?3* ^p^?6sSxcx) (Protection
Equipmentj
268 A
(Transmission Lines)
Transmission)
ofl
(Power
L3sp^ g (Alternating Current Sy-
stem) o&odi
(Transformer)
SgSSS
A
\
f
\
f^
<D'
V
>
-
cS
T
x V >
> > N J
I i
> >
351. a
1261
(76)
Sfcsfc* L SfibiSbv
Stfcgf
1202
II
(Voltage)
(Generation Voltage)
f Stepping upV
^sS"lo[_S^)ofReceving and Sub-
Stations) 6* a a&gn^eS'oosSafi fiQA
^aoe5j (Stepping
gSSx> (Electric Power)
(Voltage),
(Current)
= vxi)
v P) wtfn-
w'V)
S5 (I)
(P)
(I)
(R)
(Electric Power)&
11,000
(Volts) ^
J 132,000
(Step up)
400,000
5 230 &oa 415
(Selection of Voltage)
182,000
4CO 000 5*0)0
(Power),
(Conductor)
tf&rtb
tfolfe oSi'dftS
*- Ck
120&
(Copper)
(Aluminiun)
(Conductor) 87
STEEL STRANDS
QTRAU
61
i
SS 80
54
'Spiral^n*
(Supports) :
38,000 <S*ex>
(Towers)
(Potential) &rieo
Sootfrfo
( Steel Towers )
1000
1400
bfiS o^sa
(Indian Electricity Rules)
5
70 &o<3 100
(Insulators)
(Zero Potential) S'OA
(Insulation)
^oSte&otfSb
(Insulators)
.' si S> &r>&j*ex>n Sion-eS (Porcel-
ain)^ n*^, rres* ( glass )3 4 rr*a r
1204
glass), |.|>F (Plastic^
LiSb (fibre S565ae i6ifi SB ff 1
1206
2>d&fio (Lightning Stroke")
STRING, OF INSULATORS
o5<S .Lightning Stroke)
1207
(Induction)
Current)^
es
ooo
, 0*3
Alternating
49
(Induction)
( Coils ) & op9?6S
coj*
^ ( Primary Winding )
dbdo (Secondary Winding)
COT*
(Electric Equipment &
(Transformerj <5
&Qcj&>
(Alternating Current System^
", 000
1S2,000
66,OCO
220,000;
1)00
1208
(Receiving Stations )&, *s$\
(Sub-Stations)
83,000 &ec& 11,000
ir
L
415
280
g> (Pri-
mary Winding) ^>6cC5b fi*e
condary Winding), 3a^R
o^sS (Soft Iron Core) iSbtop, e-S'
(Current')
(Magnetic Field)
(Induced Electric Cu-
rrent
dtt>so&f5.
- K. V. A.)
V. A)
& 1209)
I, 2, 3, 19, 20
4,6
6.
7, 8. 9
10.
II, 17
12
18, 14, 18, 21
IS, 16
1.
(Core):
(Insulator Hustings)
S^ff ^tC& (Conser
vator)
*|> 5 60-^ (T p
Cover)
a S tf en GO (Radia-
tors)
(Tempara
ture Indicator)
(O. L. T. C.)
(Main Tank)
Drain valves)
1208
(Insul- terials)&>
2 fert Cfctoeo (Windings) :
12)
TCore) J
OAoO, coj- So tf
(Insulated)
&&>, rTe
w '
(Dielectric Ma
18,14
(Jack) 3 ^&
1210
<5o26)do5o #?o^
8)&
4.
(Radiators)
7 8,9.)
rrS
. a a
(Radiators)
COF
tf 4j
"3bofc&So&, efe'aStfesoo
9 9
^tf
(Conservator^ :
4,6 Sowgeo)
no^S"^
(Insulating Oil),
B g,
(Cylindrical)
(Conservator)
II
So tf fc ja
(Breather)
6. S)&gi"oos:
tor Bushings) :^
(Insula-
1,2,8)
srA
fla
cction )
7.
(Conn-
(OX.T.C):
a) 11,17)
1211
ttte.1
28 4 5
(i) Sco^o 0&S& (Total
weight) H. . oJ*
(U M.V.A.
1 M.V.A,
10 M.V.A.
100 M.V.A.
1,000
4,000
40,000
115,000
2?~ ^
1.2X 1.7 X
0.9
1.6 X 1.6 X
2.1
7.2 X 5.1 X
4.0
10X4.6X0.6
(ill) 3&gl> eotf^
Sj-^SSiST' ra &o (In sula-
ting Oil), 1. A. oS*
2^0
750
18,000
40,000
268 C.
(Switch Gears)
C, System^
Gears)
^^SsS
Breaker)
ioisl
e^SSS^
(Circuits) 6xr
3cc&
cuit Breaker)
( Circuit
(Electric Cir.
. Asa
So
1212
II
n-S,
(F
aultf
S_a (Fuse)
n*S)
( Accident )
(Control)
(Fault Level) Is
(Phase]
(Fault)
(Fixed Contacts] si6diic tfotf (Moving)
6
tftfO&fcrfb,
& ^
(Arc)
(Insulating oil)
o, s
(Gas) rr
i^(Bulk Oil Curcuit Breaker)
1,2,8.
(Bushings).
(Arc
Control Chamber)
5. tie>?S ^ooSd^pd (Moving
Contact)
8. &rI3 S'spfc&o (Valve For oil)
1213
OlU \MMERSED CONTACTS OF MODERN
ClRCUVT BREAKER, 152 K.V, 2j5OO MVA
L e$
7.
8,9, 10. (Tank)
11.
11,000
(Operating Mechanism).
220,000
, ^0^
cJioo^?6o.
BreakersJ&,
(Minimum oil Circuit
(Air
Blast Circut Breakers)
Sr-3,
(Medium)
cpo<3
(Steel Tank)g
Switches) ;
Sfo^. wto
( Circuit )&
Sb&eo (Air Break
(Lever)
bution and Utilisation")
269.
(Electricity Distribution System)
: (Distri-
132S.<5*. &ao& 220 .,5*
220
Ci
132 .
33 .
220 .
33/11 3. 5 s .
(Stepdown)
300 (Transformers) cr^o*
Switches)
88/114.
(To control)
(Circuitbreakersj
Ibfioa) /Air break
88/11
SSolcXib
& " -adb^) (Load)
. ^a ioieS
Power
(Over load)?$&
r_^ 38/11 . <sr 8 .
sS, 11 3. 5*.
(Heavy
Load Consumers) tf2tos3&o;$& ax* 83/11
4. 5*.
1816
OXP
tfa (Ring
(Neutral Points)
S5 ^ sS^i^ (Low tension
System)^ 5j-tfeD& Sdo?3 tfoiS (Neutral
Wire')
33/11 5.
11 3. 5* Aorftffc
11 .<S^.
. && iPhaie
, 416
<6co (Safety Fuses)
n.4. d/
-rfVVVN -^vLn^
t m t t f t t TTTt
rT^TTTTTT 1 J]
-i
t .t t f t
(0
(System) ^x> rf
o^o* S^_a3c6aa f (Spa)8cpr6jf^ (Zero-
potential) $&ribo*a (Return path) r?
1216
ii
11 . cST 8 .
119. ,3^/416 5*. o
Sb^pi ?f ^ (Low tension)
. 505. 5j. ^ 3jf 75
J ( Horse Power) sr 9 ^^ ^e D^
11 8. 5*. 5*
112.
50 S.5P.
4.
O
(Three Phase)lj
230
415
4 .
(Single Phase Supply),
(Three
phase Supply) ajsS^
33. 5. ,3*. tfojfe ^^
(Tubular, Rail or R,S, Joint poles)5o
dj-5^3
. 116.
90 ^o<5 150 Sb&tf
o
75 &o<S 80 S3o6^> Ao&Sb.
(Low Tension Lines)
o$o&oo
45 &o& 60
1 S. 5*,
6 iofcOS, cootftf 5*t 4.6
<e,
43 &
(vertically j
8.75
2.5
n
1.25
(horizontally)
1.88
(Stranded Steel Wires j^b ^
O^^x)?6 ei
^j-^e^
(Stay Wi
1217
11 S.^ 6 2SptfsSno"i, 11 8, 5*. 415
r
100 S^. S (K.V.A)
Switches)
Sb&exi (air break
a&o (fases)
5) (distribution box)
phase ^wi
phase 5 wirejir 1
3 ^Q 5
O f *
45.
(Insulated service wires)3ciie3&
(aerial fuses) 0*^0* S'coS3g)2fc?6b.
836 button board)
! ironclad cutouts\
(energy
meter
(main switch)
^oD (section^fuse8\
(^Sockets)
( Earth \
\ /
(metal bodies) S)
) tDoj s 8>8
* ^y
(single phase service connection)
S>8
ofts
(insulated\
ii
(Loadj B)fl rS
(Sections )n-
(Sockets)
t
Jid4,
r
O^vieC!^
:
L~<.. f-o
4
U*"^
f&3^A **
vl
V3
v -f
S\ ~*. \
2.
ioieS
1219
(Wiriag)
(Insulation),
(Capacity)
1220
XI
3 (Short Circuit)
(Earth Fault) e3 oc&db.
(Resistance)
_6 (Safety Fuse)
-S&j^o
(Faulty Section)
(Resistance)
tfo. (
L
(Three Pin plug)&
(Resistance)
, 033 a $ 6
(Earth)
fcfi
6^?^ (e.g'tf
D(b
CO
CDJ
(Sockets)
1221
j J
5s
oootftf
(i)
S*
^ 6s3^x)co 6, IB, 26, 40, 60,
100, 150, 200, 500, 1000
(h) *&*) &S5^ ( Mercury
Discharge Lamp) :
Hourescent-
Lampj :
1222 aefiS>5 II
(Hot Plates),
, ,
CD > ^ F O
fib,
C3
(Ultra violet raysj
og
1. tf&c&*tfo (Electric Clock) 3o& 2
2. sS> tf^dfisSbo (Coffee Percolafor) 8
8, iojp (Fan) lf 7
4. atfrf (Radiator or heater") rtot>& 1
(Domestic Motor) 3o& 1
8. esj(^ "S^l) (Electric Iron) ,, 6
7. Siiaoo (Lights) 10 - 16
8. 3<3c3j> (Radio) lf 7
9 S^fe ^gB (Refrigerator) ,, 86
10. cgc ^to dfcojftfco (Sewing Machine) 51 ^
11. GT|> s*ex e?*g5" (Bread Toaster) ., 3
12. rta Itffctftfd (Air Conditioner) 40
1298
-
IT G rofi'
CD
^rrr
1 . S*6^ 4
4, 80,000
240
2. ov&eo 8
I 9 00,000
460
8. SPrrSb 8
9, CO.OOO
450
4. SeaSb 10 80, 00,000
1600
6. <stf<3 12 24, C0,000
1200
8. ^tfn-d&OD 6
18, 00,000
900
7. tf&o^&eo 36 72, 00,000
8GCO
* a
^i 1 /"^
1. ASb^ (Stell) fc&
V& 100 ^oA 200
oL
2. o& ^[flT&o (Alloy Steel)
600
8. *&> ^TdjsSxoo ., 700 - 800
(T" o
4. ^L?* sSj-o^fc?i
2800 - 8600
6. "&I5 4 S>s*5
8000
6. WOTg^So
17000-18000
7. GJ?^)^O 3$beo, ^6S^ex>
6000
C ' CJ
8. $ L a>d ^fib^tu
V / JCD o
14000-16000
ill t Si fu WC3*oon*
8800
V / n
Tiii^ 3v* ^cj'^c'n*
2700 - 8000
9. &fcSb\
tOOO - 7000
C9 O f
'
10. 33* O* o^'oS SiiOO
660
n^x
fOBiiN
200
12. s3ofcvP^
80
18. sS^fS^Q
220
14. 3S>
800
1224
II
16. fca>o<5" (Cement)
16. JSr-eo
17.
18.
19.
20.
1C 00
10. <
10.
1000
SO. HO
487
200
8100
472
80
270.
(Electricity Economics)
(Load Factor)
1. ^^>^J (Power)
2. rj (Energy)
(1)
3,
(2)
010 c&
Curve)
(Daily Load Curve)
(System)
cSb
(1)
1225
X
:o*
10
cu
#w
ro
FA
1A\
rw
/A*
V
M4
Nt
>
V
600
6C
62
J
/
"**,
/
V
t
1
/
\
/
\
4
/
' >
^^
Szv;
/
s
/
X
S
Q
/
\
*
*
X
X
^
\
5*a
1
^
1
'SO
H
tx
R f
a n
z
2
r ^
a a
9 )
t
(5}
\ /
(Genral Reserve).
(Optimum) sS|dSoS*
1,2, g
(Fixed charge) e^^) 3,4 o&
49
(1)
(Depreciation
aso
(8)
(^Consumables) ^
tftfg&wa
830
1226
Ji
J
two part
Tariff)
3
Sgc&SSxi
fitf
SgdSoo 5
1227
(Fuel Surcharge^,
XX
271.
(Electronics and Communication Engineering)
(Emitting)
( Absorbing
C7 63
( Applications ) fS
So^sa ArO'^sSa (Ray emissionj o
(Spontaneous)
o
be
1887
cor
)SPc#o'
2X083*
- (Diode)
1908
, So""
L todajS' ^ (Triode)
1948
( Satellite ), [jod&*es
( Space Craft ')
1229
1.
5" S)^ ^Electronics including Mo
dern Advances)
2.
3.
5.
6. A
(Satellits Communication's
7. "eb>^5>, "SOJ^Ibj
(Carrier Current)
_5c$s55co (Applied)
272.
7^6", 3(6"
1668 r tfo& |_
^ ,oX^ ^^^
^5" ^cdb Atf (Dash)
U S"O
^
1280
it
[4Qtf
tic)
* 59
fAutoma-
24
2.
Scxio
1281
; 6.
8
a.S'
8.
1. V
. S-
053*5$. ra
:- (t)
director)- "I Dififisoeo (2\ >|^ Director)
(Exchange]
Sg'&oA
3.
(Carrier
v -
Telephone System)
^Modulate)
(Moaulated)
f Demodulate) cSofi,
o i Band Pass
\
1283
Filters)
(Repeater) o&> S5
(Coaxial Cable)
(Power Line Carrier Telephone System)
1. Telegraphy by J. W*
body. Pitman Publication
2. Telephony Vol.I-by J. Atkinson-
Pitman Publication.
3. Telephony Vol.II-by J. Atkinson-
Pitman publication.
4, Carrier Current Engineering
by P. N. Dass - Modern Book
Agency Pvt, Ltd, Calcutta.
2T3.
5>
(Radar)
. w<S *Radio
Detection And Ranging'
ff (Hertz)
(Scatter)
(78)
(lonosphoric Layer)
il
(Sri Robertson Watt)&
oxifi
eifi acr i Cb
1. SCCPJ D'crS" TPulse Radar)
2. Stfotftf tftfo^ 83^^ oop5 ^Con-
tinuous wave radar)
(Frequency modulation radar")
(ii)
(Frequency Shift Radar or Dopplcr
Radar)
&*&&& , icxi^ (Pulse)
2o$ 53i^ ^s ^SS'^'J ^^
,<y.a ur) 3rfeo^ (Pulse.Width)
oS ^^g3j
'Pulie Repeti-
tion Time' (Td) 59^)0200,
2.
IT
(Pulse Repetition Fre-
quency fn= -
Duty Cycle ( T xfn )
2
)0
200
10,000
ooofi
_ 10 K.W Soi 1 M.W
Peak power^o Sec^cen sSre
(Antenna) n^o* f*^S) (Space)
Receiver \
rvofl,
COP tf
(Indicator)
200-400
^ (Peak Power) 100 kw
J (Average Power) oo ^
2.
(Continuous Wave Radar) :
(Phase)
ier)
(1) 6^0 (Amplitude) (2)
(Frequncy) (3)
(Carr-
AJS^fiS
>. (Amplitude Mo~
dulated Wave) wo^Cb. &&&> 8
Modulated Wave)
f6 (Phase)
4.
Modulated Wave) &>
n-,
Frequeuey
fctfotf
sSbo' (Phase
n
(Frequency. Modulation)
(Frequency Shift Radar) :
Ci
^^
(Pilot)
Reference :
1 . Electronic and Radio Eng.by F.E.
Terman (Me Graw Hill)
2. Principles of Radar by Reint-
zes and Coate.
8. A. B. C. of Radar by Alan An-
drews Foulsham-Sams^England)
4. Introduction to Radar by Dennis
Taylor, Newnes (London)
274.
(Television)
S5"
SCPOT* ^
3&d3rg'oei>
54
to 61 MH Z 61 to 68 M. H z ; 209 to
216 MH Z ; oj
64 to 88 MH ; 174 to 216
z
M H_ ; 470 to 890 M H,
(Bands)
COP
iG
(Line of Sight)
1003. Sb.
(Repeaters)
CDJ*
(Sattelite Instructional Tele
vision ExperimentV
Zone ) tf&
&&> ( Broadcast
, w^ "BOaaS" "3o[tf
* (Channel)
1959
o (Video Signals)^
(Amplitude modulation)
(Audio Signals)^
(Frequency Modulation]
1238
li
COT*
* (Amplitude modulated Trans-
mitter), tr^s $?5g gatf |6^tfd8bo|jJsS
(Frequency Modulated Transmitter)
, SCPQT* ^odj^Co* "BO
s^oSO S^^bg^iT
(Black
and White)
(Four way Beam Splitter)
&S> db?SThree-wa Be-
am Splitter &
(Lenses), 3 dx>
\ / ^ . C5
: 1. S>& 2, ^ S. $&*
(Persistance of Vision)
1 (Picture Ele
1239
'(Visual Information)
^3S
38),
(Sampling) 3R> |
D' (Scanning)
(Progressive Linear Scanning)
(Inlerlaced Scanning) w& S
2 a
iS
(Field)
(Frame)
2 (a) (b)
25
O Q
625
Leo
1240
o^as&'(Composite Video Signal)
at-600 v
e35otf^e>4
^S ttS^n*
IV
(Distribution),
(Deposit)
126
/
6oO,
(Elecsron Mulsiplier)
Modulation)
(Negativ
Aotaofi.
7
j
6.5 MH
tfoS-
Devia-
tion) 60 MH Z
8
1241
tf So
(Picturetube)b
275.
rtfiou)
(S'ecrecy)
waves),
(Electromagnetic
5"
(Video Recording)
References :-
1, Electronics and Radio Engg. by
F.E. Terman (Me. Graw Hill)
2, Hasic Television : Vol I and V.
Alexander Schune, Joho F. Rider
Publication
3, I.S.I Monographs on Television
Transmission
1242
II
t>>
T i *-**
50
^0
2.).
sa-fioSs
a*
I - WSA/
/
.tf"
Scfio
jjSo ^cfibon 1
atfW s*D^
(&: ojd;^ 5,)
cm*
~^
03
**
"34
dual field) <s5ofcr-&.
"Sapexi SSex>fo& o^os*
(Resi-
Electric
Ckts)
OGJ
- is
L
3
ag
(Short), w6
Short)
,*
7 .
COP
Scrfe,
"I
__,
0)6066" ^aod
afl f
(Medium),
, (Very and ultra
260
1244 a-ciA!>3 II
ar
&p rpS) S'
Sofl tfeS,
fi8oJ3
(Layers)
80 SorFSj'S eo
a
50
'a 11 cor*
6^?5sS)d3b? $R^ tftfo/TO) ^
t$
j^SSx Sic <3 ijS^ifo e$di>g
-tf?S SoS S?cS^tfg&o "ifib 16-6000
(80 X 10 6
1246
%i?
///yy^^ L
*j-*
>O[C
L
$ * p
tn create- 51 *
e^a*^.^
X <**1Tfc>W
**<*4 >]
^**' o
trTAI
3
i^<T
GO
3000
* C3
3c&gcr3
3000
(Wave Lengeh)
60 %.
(Modulation)^
Seid^s*^ 840
a es^aj
840 S."2j*. ^o*
ier Frequency).
cor*
^^ (Modulation)
> <5
i>s.* i*
> s? 3
oL
(2)
^ea (Amplitude)
ceo*
(Amplitude Mo
^tfa (V )
^tfra (V s )
BOO
Ao<bJ-o<3.
1246
124?
(Product Device)
(Output)
(Filter)^
(Amplifier)
art ad" (Output) "SdgEQa" (Input)o,
(Gain) n*
(Amplitude)
Sofiou),
StfotfS&eo
s^rr,
(Modulated Amplifiers) 0*00* s5:r
( Medium wave Broad cast)
Sofl,
wave?r
" ( Skip distance )
Aotoofi.
i/<frou)S
termediate Frequency) rr
" (In-
(Frequen-
cy Changing ^
1248
8-aS.
465. 5.
_
840 S.t^. &&* a.
840+ 455= 12955. ^.
770 5. & \Xfro3
770 +
456 = 1225 8. "a*,
. t9o"&
oxr
466 S.
_
Irs i
cor*
$03*
a-;Ss3^ (Sb. Ir 9 .)
COP
? _ ,
J)o
1249
1 1
rftf
(Datum Line) & 3otf 3
(Demodula
CDJ
t K\/ **
Aotoofi. t Oifij&Sb
tf jffiaeSb,
0*^0*
, SS)<23?6<3
AoA'B
1250
600 9.
1760$, ^.
tbtf
cCbodjocD.
^ to CONGO
rftforro
(Skip Distatice)
cor-
22.5^.1^.0
^0(3 90
Sfofi
2.6 3
(13
(Overseas Communication Series] GOJ
6joa3^6o^T?5o
(Remote Control)sS&
1251
276.
&oixio<3,
on* c
9 5.
(^Semi Conductor Techno-
logy) W
c, dtf
(Program) |jSstf&o
" (Control Unit)
(Arithmetic Unit)
PROCESSOR
on
MEMORY
JifWiryi | nnfcvtrt
D-tHH
Memory
Control fc
Processor -
ii.
(Secondary
(Magnetic Tapes) '
(Magnetic Tapes)
(Drums]
ity)3 M &*SotfgS M (Capacity)
(Accent time^SSpes^) 3 :
(Kilowords)
(Micro seconds)
Hiqh$pd dram
L*dlumipd random accc5& bu/k
Central Processor =- -joitf
S^tfo; Semi conductor ,cr
. - Q
g'Sbo; High speed core -sieg- -gx^)
Low speed core w'erJ'SX'SS r*f ; High speed
drum-2- $r*3>r;j) i -crS; "Sequential (magne-
tic tape) bulk storage
Card Reader)
cJbo|&ce (Magnetic
Inter Cha- racter Readers ) tf\I"
1253
(Optical Character
Readers )/^
(Card Ponch)^
_
" (Line Paintar)
Tape Drive
Unit)
x
fi^fib
(Prog
ram s :
stfg
(Sub-roniineV
SB Sb
'exr-S 1 (Loop)
.tf
o&oa
( Debugging \
gnostics^
8
coo
(Fortron),
(^Cobol)
&SSdbflocJtfo
eo
1264
( Assemble)
pretation & Translate)
(Inter-
(System Soft ware) ^ojfio. ^e fo
(By sharing time)
o ( Terminals )
AoA,
(Communication)
s5{T (Close coupled Com
puter Network) wo4jCb.
I fROCESSOR
* - -- -- 1
\/
23- Control ealht
^---.- -<'
4.
Processor
; Memory anSr Sv^fibj; Control =2
['Soft ware'](ExecQtive(&o^)[Monitor
). Super vilion
dofl,
J256
(Specific)
( Peripheral ) iatfs
(Applications') :
^Process Controls),
(Artificial Intelligence)
?6D
(Informa-
tion Systems)
( Data Reductson
f Retreival)e>& S)^ Q
260
cnn S. S
Bibiliograpliy,
1. 'Taster Than Thought 1 ' B. W.
Bowden, Pitman (1969).
2. Basic Machine Principle, J K.
Iliffet. Macdonald, 1968.
3. Principles of Digital Computer
Programming. V Rajavarman.
Prentice Hall, 1970.
ellites) :-
(Orbits)
2T7.
(Communication Satellites)
(Artificial Sat- ( Monitoring \
$ (Periodic)
tfod&f
&*0caofi" '
ooj
(Space)
(Emission)
19, 1975
^data) ic
L^f^ L 3*6S*fc,
(Bear Lake) &>8d)o
Jff
,( Artificial )
( Radiation )
( Nasa )
1960
" ( Echo 1 )
O.OOOE
_tfS ( Reflecting )
(Electric Signals)
r
igo
soo
(Quality)
SiotfoXo ecj*gcac&o
I4 i*,2 w [S. IT 1964
125,7
^o (Comm,-
unication Satellite Technology )
!$$ (Active) e&toff (Repeater) ASS
(Tclstar)
(Nasa)
, |_5.iT 1982-0*
(Microwave)
Commumication
6800
(Frequency)^
(Electro magnetic) ?So"^
(-Sign ah j & |nStfo (Receive) 3&
88A oa* ?6o"lo*o^ 4 170 "2on*"S^5"
tT^s^^g^ (Frequ!
( Transmit ) S"fca.
10 9 Bto (Times)
o ( Amplify ) ,^1) tfe>?6
( Travelling Wave Tube ) go
5i
S * (WideFrcqu-:
ency- Band Channel \ 600
/ n
(On* way) sp-^jodfiSD (Voice Circuit)
Q&, f,tf dfi?tf^a^a ( Television ) &$
60 <>&. (Two-way
6g^( Narrew,
ency Band ).?6o^er
(CapalbiUty)
(Re volutions) fir* II .'
^tftfg^ (Television)
( Relay -)-
(Orbit)
ofiofi.
(Synchronous Communication
Satellites & ?&^ S^forocrsSa.
rt^ [IX 1945 Rj-a 1 ! ^5". ft.
(Arthur C. Clarke) ^^ jj)<3&
(Space Craft) ?
^2,800
(Equator)
^ Jfr&tfg cJ4>^ a^oorj(Stationary)
120
(Nasaj SoS
tfj^S>&> (Syn-
com Programme)^ 4 |J3c5ajVvo5* 5Jj"S
'( Watts) f^o-tfoS fc
(Travelling wave Tube)
(Tfansforrtier")
-Satellite) 0[p'
(Fascionile^ ^fejfV (TWo- '
way) siS" So3?T (Voice message) I;SSr
(New Jersy)
(Data Signals) ijS
1259
(Commercial
Satellites) :
. 1964
a
(International Consortium)
i. *. 1968
60 3reo ctto&^r 8 (Intelsraf)
9 * j
6 06"" (The early bird)
(Intelstat n '3
6, 1986 ^^ 1S 13d
:Tele-
vilion)
il. <",
1967
8DAi6a. sofcfi" &ff U eS "4 do
a
^i^Sie 56
160
(Synchronous)
240 (S^sSptf 5
circuits) L i^cT f JS>
(Voice
1966
III
, [l.f. 1963^
1200 ^aj-tf (Two way) 3-tf(godS>
(Voice circuit) {TJ^ S
j
Television
( Telphone )
(Data - Signal)
(Channels)
(Satellite Instructional
Television Experiment)
(Naia)
. ^. 1975
(Application Techno-
logy Satellite AT, S-6) <rjg
(Television)
"l
o n-co
(Receiving)
2500
10
(Antenna) cc
^gsSa (Frequency) S*
1259
68 SOT
^ f ijSoS"
end Converter)
(Future Syscems) :
53-0
278.
(Televis-
(Front ion)
(Computer)
(Stored) stf
^Efficiency) d*,
CO
(Electron Devices)
[tx3j<f( Vacuum Triode)&6dtfl
[I. ^T. 19 a
(Fleming)
(Thermionic)
diode)
20
(Vacuum
vers) G*
(Radio recei-
& (Crystal diode)
|4. ^ 1948 6* 3<
(Bell Telephone Laboratory) oQ<5
(Transistor)
1260
II
(Thermionic Device) e>* sS 1 ^ (Silicon Planar Technology)'
^TransistorS ^*^1 .'^^9^^-
(Discrete devices)
; I'ffBO 336
(Thermionic")
jSg' (Transister)
(Semiconductor)
(Power)
^Minimization^. c^
cofldctor)
: (Switching)
(Power) rio |jfSj
freqancy) i S6i
/ ^ *
ton) Do i ?5o5* #d
W
Ston
(Inherent)
facc^aiBsivatJ6n) ^
[4. ^J960
Semi-
urizatios ) Sc ,
miniaturization V&
(Integrated device) o
(niiniaU
(' micro-
Audio.
(Continental Devi-
CiS, if\>b- ~ oij&fi^ OSolsbS" fSemi COD-
/ o \ - ' *
ductors Ltd U pSj\Sos^S&^ , >Sip"S)5.
(Bharat Electronics Ltd), ^o5^5"^ esS
^oJi*gdoCb^ OS)D"&5 (Electronics of Com-
_, puters Ltd), r^os^"\ ser\"3^ ( S' s^
aa oJ J
sjoacacp Di"S)(5" (Electronics Corportion
' 'bf'lndi^Ltd)
(Semi
\
emicon-
fDiffu- J
'
sSjfl
'' *
'_Sg^ (Sur-
-/ Electron tube") o
C V /
os A^Soi, c5j3l 6fr
ft2P& (Foreign. C6-
, -COP,
(Electron Tube).
>&& (Solid State)
s$S6~
/High power
Devices),
i*? (Microwave)
' &*tf-tf^a (Television)^*
(Pickup.) ^
(" Electron
-Optical Device&V ' .. . -^-^
Sfib fGas Lasers") fi^'s^tx)
o V , J
dis
charge devices),
(High power)'"
r (Display)
Display Devices) o
beam)oS*
Current densities^
(Electron
(High
(Colour Television display device ) *
3. LSStftfj$ (Display)
[*Sb5" (Cathode Chromic),
(Thermo Plastic)
(Electron Beam'i
5 : ' ' '
(Scanning) jfir* I&*^P iar^oS"
(Vacuum Tube) *& ie^^&D, b^(b
Vc?' ey -- - - nro
(.Targets-)^ tf sj'^g' -(Semiconductor)
*$ Se^sS^aW^,,'? ^cTfi$a^. (Tele,.
visipn), sS (pickup^ d
arge)o;
d&^sS SSS"
(R ange)fi^
power )
'o 1 Hydro-Dynamic Generators 1 )
range)
aff*' (Frequency
& (Gun doides), S
"
(Microwavej
(Reflex Klystron) o"
(Solid State,, Deyice^V ibrgcpa^
Sd5 (Narrow Frequency bapd)
ii
2)^*6 tTtfs $Sj* (Broad
Frequency Band) &>A;6 tfocS tftfort
j*& (Travailing wave tube)
(Magnetron)
(Klystron) &6o&>
(Travelling wave Tube) ejcfl
(Micro wave)
i
L
tfs- (Hybrid Type) o
(Slow wave Stru-
ctures) t,
CD?*
(Microwave)
(High Power Devices)
(Supersonic)
(Targets)
Tube) o
S&So
grated Devices) :
^0^,5
Epuipment)
(Power) & Atf^fi
(Microwave
(Inte-
(Electron
(Metal Chassis') o"3b,
v. y _
board; o
(Component)
fi^Co (Tae-
^ e
(Circuit)
o (Integrated Circuit).
(Size)
(Weight) 5* f tftf (Cost)flf*
(Medium Scale Inte-
gration), "ifi rftfrfa S^S'o^ (Large
Scale Integration) A^j^
S8BSj-Sh, S
1.
2.
film hybtid) t
(Thick
(Thin
film hybrid),
8. g^^cr-S" s^c^CSf (Bipolar Mo-
nolithic),
4. 6*6* v'L^ &6&fr3 (Metal
Oxide Semiconductor)
(Manolithic).
\S*g CfipiS'ojS (Design)
gaS (Precise) idfr
(Integrated
Circuits j es^c (Complex'
fiSjf (Discrete)
Scale Integration)
(Large
Devices
2.
^
(Openended)
^Monolitbic) ^j-g^ex)
(Arrays).
3. a,"3 ^SSj'g'e^ ioc&^^Individual Ic)
4. iex) ^^fi'c^ ^oci&^o^ f Multiple
Ic f s, '
5. SjtfjsS)
(MSI)
6.
(More Cir-
cuit Complexity)^
1268
(Ic's)
grated Circuits Votf
ductors),
(Inte-
(Semicon-
ductor Junction) o^
(Optical), >*?$ a&jff (Piezo Electric),
(Thermo Electric)
Transmission) _
(Signal
Dk.de)
(Light Emitting Diode)
(Phoio
: C.V.N.
XXI
279.
2?
^p^&,
;$ iSBfSSr "
280*
(Fertilizers' Technology)
1. [**& R2?^ OCisfew (Natural
Fertilizers) :
/m v^ ,, ^ thetic Fertilizers^
(rlants)So ofo 2r^ Scr^fiaeo fNutri- '
*\ vv'i- //nt.
ems) e9jaotfScd&>&. S^g'i o& ^Stf rS(JJa (Nitrogen^, ^co^o^a (Pho-
sphorous), rtctf^Sfo /Sulphur), ^ "
(potash)
'( Fertilizer s) wo&&. dfiWft "Bfio^ett (Chemical Fertilizers)
, . . \ /
16
1. 3"> (Carbon).
2. &fea (Hydrogen).
8. <9&e33 (Oxygen),
CO
iXSzF^S S^sl^ SSo-g&oeo (Primary
Nutrients):
4. S^eaa (Nitrogen).
5. 55*?S^^o (Phosphorous).
gTdj'S (Potosh).
II. BotfsSStfKS
dary Nutrients)
(Secon-
^
7.
8.
9.
III.
(Calcium).
(Magnecium).
(Sulphur).
10.
11.
18.
14.
IB.
16.
(Micro Nutrients).
(Boron).
(Chlorine).
(Copper).
(Iron).
(Manganese).
QMolvbdeeam).
(Zinc).
8,3"
(80)
1.
tilizers).
2.
tic Complex Fertilizer)
1266
(Nitrogenous per-
^L.^ 83 ^ (Nitrogen)
^ (Hydrogen). ?6
(^Natural Gas) :
(CH 4 ), 5
60
90
" v Coke Oven Gas)
(Coke) rv
(Naphtha)
(Dis-
tillation)^
(Boiling Point) 215
'?5^
Aotfdfi.
1266
t (Petroleeum Refi-
nariy)
I.
(Electrolysis)
(Electrode)
(CO 3 )
rv
: 65
II.
(i) fcS
ming)
(Steam
(ii) ^6066" wS^tfaSSa (Partial
Oxidation).
(iii) n&S)^aiS ^5 ^6* (Gasifica-
tion of coal\
c3o3ofia
(Catalyst) 5*
0*00*
o
CH 4 + H 2 -* CO + 8 H 2
C 3 H g + 3H 2 ^ SCO 4- 7H 2
C n H an + (2+n)H 2 0-* r CO +
(2n+l)H 2
C f H m + nH 2 -> n CO f ( -+-L )H,
CO -H H 2 > C0 2 -f H 2
985C
III.
(CO,)
(CO 2 ),
1267
H 2
T*<3
(Below
IV.
S3-CS&S&& 15,20
(Methanolamine^
80GC
CH 4 +H 2
V.
= 2NH
Scojg (10CO) e*flb&o (Atmospherei)
1.
Sulphate)
2.
Chloride)
8.
^fi" (Ammonium
^S^ (Ammonium
x Calcium Ammonium
Nitrate or CAN)
4. dSb6c^ (Urea)
1.
(Sulphuric aci
(Chemical Reaction)5S
2.
Chloric Acid\
H 2 S0 4 ^ (NH) 4 SO 4
( Hydro
NH 3 + HC1 = NH 4 C1
1268
it
(Nitric Acid)
2-10
&
(Piatinum)
NH 3 + HN0 3 = NH 4 N0 3
c&o
( Nitro Chalk )
(Granulation)
2l
4.
(Urea] :
(C0 2 ) oox^^ c'
2NH
NH 4 C0 2 NH 2
2-
tic Complex Fertilizers
CO 2 NH 2
: a co NH^O
(Urea)
(Thospha-
j
o-ox (Apatite Rock) &* e
o*o*> (Flora Patite Rock 1 flf*
(Rhodium) (Chlorine :
2xd6o,
1-
Phosphate)
(Single Super
3[CaH 4 (Po 4 ) 2 -H 2 0] + 7CaSO 4 + 2HF
18
2.
Phosphate)
1^ (Triple Super
HH 3 P0 4 -MOH 2
10 [Ca H 4 (P0 4 \ -H 2 0] + 2HF
3.
Phosphate]
(Ammonium
(Mono ammonium Phosphate)
P0 4 + 2NH 3 - H 2 P0 4 (NH 4 ) a
(Diammonium Phosphate)
4. *i'3j*&d&o
(Ammonium Phosphate Sulphate)
6. 3
PhatT)
1269
f Nitro Phos-
(Nitric acid)
2H 3 P0 4 .
(Urea Ammonium Phosphate)
. CPU 5*5$ 5
281*
O
<{>
(Ceramics And Refractories Technology)
"^ "ioSseo,
(Ceramic Technology)
<b?&
(Keramas)
&>& (Potter's Clay)
tfotixft
(Mixed)
(Ceramic Products)
&r>o&>ex> (Elements) ^^.
1270
II
(Silica) &
, naj* (Glass),
1 (Glazes) titf&tf e7&;6) (Enamels)
J>oZTe8 j*e$j*&co (White-Wares) ^cSo
[4. ^. 5000
^^D (Nuclear Cera
mics) , e&i^ S8*tftfJS&^e (High Te
mperature Engineering Materials),
I.
(Structural Clay Products)
^^ a6*doaa
(Refractories) "
d
f Glass
Ceramics).
5. 3o
(Pottery Whitewares)
6. vtf^ /KgsSdfo sSo-tfsioeo (Cements)
7. sS^iS S'eAotS) sSc36"&De (Abra.
sives)
(Structural Clay Products)
(Shales)
S,
800C - 1260C
baa foas isj*oefiri 6.6
2,
ies)
(Refracto-
ries
1500C
: ndSo0*
Bricks)
(Fire Bricks)
(Silica
3 : Satfjlbff &6o3cD
(Magnesite & Chromite Bricks)
& : esSi es^tfes sjta^exi (Pureoxide
Refractrories)
("Fire.
03 \
Bricks)
(Plastic Fire Clay)
2>o<~ &fl (Flint Clay)
1250-1400
J6-20
(Porosity)
(Alumina)
r dutyj
Bricks)
(^Silica
r??S5" (Gannister) 49^ e.S'
2, v^sSxi &S^SS5*
fo 1500. 1560
(Megnesite & Chromite Bricks)
leoo
(Porosity) 20
18 y*o SS
ro
1271
Oxi-
de Refractonies)
(Zirconium)
80
3.
Glass Glazes and Ena-
mels) :
(Glass)
16
10
, 75
^Os^ (Silica)
:500
o
Furnace)
, (Pot
(Blowing)
1272
II
( Pressing )
33$
(Glazes)
n-a-.
(Boron)
(Melting Pointj
&^^) ^^sSao^ *^^ ^rciio^ (Prote-
ctive Coating)^ AsScSj/\oaeJdb. e
fcff (Steel)
(Iron)
Zinc oxide), &<^ ^s^^S" (Tin oxide),
l^S" (Titanium oxide)
(Coat)
800-850
10
3
4
(Modern Ceramics)
(^Nuclear Ce
ramics)
5.
^Pottery and White wares)
sfcotfoa (Pottery)
Whitewares
(Felspar) 59^
(Silica)
(Felspar),
(Ball Clay),
(Bolin Clay),s3*5"J
(Flint or Silica)
1200~135G ^ofli^S"
L.
6.
(Ce-
ments
SD^O&MDD
Portland Cement" oo
$ s'
sv
^fi (Lime)
(Slurry) ^S
CD^ (Rotary)
1600
6*4
jfis
1$ d
o<-
, tf 3
^S (Gypsum)
(Calcium Silicate)
(Calcium aluminate) co
7.
Abrasives:
(Powder)
(Sharp)
(Silicon Carbide), T<3b?65b (Coronum),
(Sand)
(Ceramic Frit)
Process) :
(Ceramic Fabrication-
1273
n ' <P e?
L fo 2i^5* ^dSb DtfsSao (Soft
Mud Process).
3 O ^
Mud Process).
3.
4.
(Dry Pressing)
(Slip Casting).
eo
(Soft Mud Process) :
stftf
35
(Thixotropy)
(Moulds)
2.
O O
Mud Process) :
* 3
1274
3.
II
Pressing]
14, COO
P. S, I 8>^SsS (Pressure)
5,6
^Binding Material)
4.
(Slip Casting):
50
282.
Slurry x ,
('Pl
V
aster
of Paris)
feflS)
cojS" ^00:06" ^Yield Poi
'^esi (Gravitation) E*QO* ^Si
(Oils and Fats)
&eo (Proteins)
/Carbohydrates)
. A.D.E,
(Soluble)
i Water Insoluble)
\ /
^^D (Triglycerides of fatty acids)
S^ iJ5
, (Semi-
solids) n-
(Fats)
(Oils)
95
(Fatty acids' &, 6
cerol) ;& 4 |_3o<3
cQboi^)^).
(Gly-
1276
H
I
H __ C- OH
H C OH +3 (RCOOH)
H C OH
H
(Glycerol)
* 9970
( Fatty Acid Radicals )
(Unsatisf action)
(Melting Print)
^6" 3 oSioco (Fixed Oils)
^ \ /
(^Essential
Oils)
gt
sSsSoS^
Oils)
, A^SfiS", 8"3>
O *
(Toilette
(Lnbricants),
(Saturated Corbonates)
H H H H
I I I I
C C C_C_
1111
H H H H
oSotfS tf S JT w &
H
1
H _ C __ OOCR
!
H C OOCR + 8H O
i
H _ C __ OOCR
I
H
of Fats and Oils):
(Composition
unds')
/
55tfo
Group)
(Monobasic", a
3 (Aliphatic Compo-
(Carboxyl
C5
ijo
Fatt^ Acids)
(Uniaturated Fatty
(Double
^ SS &&
Acids)
/Unsaturated Corbonates)
H H H H
I 1 I I
_ C _ C _ C C
I
1276
II
(Double bond)
9, 10,
, 12, 13,
18,
Bond) r*3cb
(Hydrolysis) 3:
(Saponification)
ted UnsaturatiorO
jSfif (Conjuga-
^Potassium Hydroxide)
) ^^ <5
(Sap Valuej
SeoSS
Property)
(Drying
(Absorb)
(Saturated Fatty Acids)
Melting Point C
4 5
^ n CO
(Saturated Fatty Acids)
( 2 )
( 8 )
d
(Butryic Acid)
"
(Palmitic Acid)
S>6l" e^^>
CO
(Srearic Acid)
4 C 4 H 8 O 2
12 C H O 48.5
18 C.,H. O 62.9
18 C 18 H 36 2 69 ' 9
Milk
40
^ CO
(U nsaturated Fatty Acid)
18 9, 12 6 &&& jSr-^ar 1 76 y.;
45
18 9, 13, 15 11 !b &*3a" 8 60
66
(Conjugated Fatty Acids^
J8 9, U, 13 49 dbc^ _
(Eleostearic Acid) C lg H 3Q O 2 ?5p^ (China Wood
80 *v
(Dry-
ing oils) &j>a "^er^a.
(Chemical Analysis) 5oc6 sp^d" 8 ^fc ?3o^D(br6^Go (Composition^
\ /
(Relative Proportion) &[&'& 30c&
1. 4tfjSoo^2?S5 L^^S^ (Milk-
(Qene-
v FatsJ :
ral Classification of Oils and Fats;)
egS) cS)3t5b^D. saS)
nn , . BDOPJ ^^ e525oS5LX) (Butric acid^
(Non drying oils) f 100 ^oA 140
o5o^o no rSj^Oroo rOoJd i QoooorT ( SeD3l
Drying ojls^ rfj3o. e 5)e^ 140 "i?S
1 y ' ^_
1278
2 cr-ef S5b
m
Group):
ll
Laurie acid
50
18
(Saturated fatty Acids)
5)
vatives
SScytf sioo (Deri-
(Vege-
table Butter Group) :
, *
( Coco
V
Butter
14
18
60
(Confections) *&,
mal Fats) :
16, 18,
(40 &o& saturation)
8,10,14,
(Plastic)rr
5. LSI",
(Olic and Linolic acid Group)
20
^ &v> (Tri Saturated Glyceri-
des)
e?o
(Sesame)
6.
ro
cic Acid Group) :
(Euri
^
40 ^oA 60
/Lubricating Oils)
T. <S*eai"
Acid Group) :
Drying Property \
(Surface
Coating ) o
8.
ated Acid Group)
(Licanic)
9
Group};
/Marine Oil
, 18
16, 20, 22
( Whale) Si5c^)
(Linolinic ( Fish Liver Oils ) * A, D
10. Ur^S^ ^SSi 66"&M fHydroxy
a- i- cJ m o \ 7
Acid Group) :
3oz a,"! a.
(Castor Oil).
g> (Recilonelic
(Dehydration Process) 0*30*
(Lubricant) rv& ^
(Extraction) :
& (Pulp)
(Tissues) -
( Proteins )
(cattle fodderjrv*
Soi^fraS* (a)
(Processing of oil
seeds\, (b)
(c) a^
(aj
Aoeao^*
1260
(Kernel)
AoaoSb
( Cooking) ej&^^i,
I) sen Aoe&
(Extraction) :
(1)
(Open Hydraulic Presser)
AOSJO
(2) L o^s So|sia (Solvent Ex-
traction)
(Fractional Dis-
It
tilation)
(Normal Hexane)
3.
, es SSo"6 x Sioe;-^
(t>
eo (Edge
Runners)
(potPresser)^
'55' (Virginj^pS
(Marc)
Claves)
^4>^ f Auto
o \
(Kettles) 6*
(centrifn-
ging) i
(4j
(Rendering);
(Whale)
(Wet Rende-
1281
(c)
of Oils)
(Refining
(Free Fatty Acids),
So a
(Blaching)
Fatty Acids)
^&Sno3 (Free
o^ dT'
(Hydration)
S"o^o^
(Soda ash),
3j5 (Ethanol Amine)
Sod ^d&b (Steam Refining)
(Steam Dislillation)
(Liquid Liquid Extraction)
(81)
(Strong Sul-
phuric Acid)^ &<3 Sc&)d)^._SS^cpe3 S^o
e3?6 id (Standard Method ofBle-
te (Bleaching Earth)
( Adsorption
S'd
(Cardinoid Pigmints)
genation),
dorisation)
(Hydro-
(Deo-
17
(Sesame)
6 S.
(Saff lower
Seeds), SPrr^ Ao&ex (Tobacco Seeds) ,
SS>^8)5 (Poppy Seeds), 3_X&
1282
H
283.
(Sugar Technology)
(Carbo Hydrates)
13 y-^^ TJ (^Energy)
a 0^0*6"
1T61
(Continent)^
11_15
B^i
90
10
fS
1. 369^^^ 2 fecS'^r'?" (Beet-Root)
8 &o& 16
&o&&. S
^5 (Sucrose)
(crusher) fir 1
con*
(Beet-Root) &
1870
98
(Ca OH) 2 &>
Sofl,
IT &
o
^Rotary drum vaclum
SOS
porator)
^E
va-
85
40
(Three Single Effect Vaccum Pans)
Saturation"^
(Sugar Crystal
Sttfi
n v
I0
(Crystalliser) 6^
(Cooling Pipes)
(Sucrose^
(Centrifugal Filter) 3-^0* Jti!T.
3c
(Affiaatioo)
(Centri Fuge) cr?
& (Sugar Cake) J
tfoxb (Spraying)
^o S-jf(Melter)
fcaa
1284
(Minglers
&>
(Defecators)
(Solid Impurities)
i & f
PR 7.0-7.8
j6" (Diatomaceous-Earth) ^D
(Percolation)
lt)8F
8 - O
3e3& (Crystalizer)
(Granulator) <5*S ^
(Steam)
70
(Steam)
2,
Beet-Root )
*>v iSTrt) cS(Bone Char) S
18
(sMces)T
835^ (Diff users) C3^) wc&fic,
(Tem-
peiaturc) 160 &
1285
(Driers)
Jbd>
d3bo|JfsSe> (Oliver Filters)
0,5
(Plate and Frame Press)
( Calcium Ions )
(SO 2 )
12
60
boa)^
10
d&oj^25xio(Evaporators)
S3&. -
(Active Car-
(Vaccum Pans)
284.
(Pharmaceutical Technology)
1286 Sg'fSA&S' II
a
(Manufacture
of quinine) n "
. tf Jibs'
a 55*0
_ _ 1)OfcC" &ftff
C3 a .
85^^ SSiJ0 ftf
sy a
(Limits)
(Monograph) 8*
(Dose)
1. SotfsS
(Impu- ^sSo (Dosage form) n
rities) ^o^ T6a*a5 Sa tfo^S^SS). (Tablets),
1287
o?5o (Formulation)
(Granu-
les)
b. &e OtfjoS ^ Sg^jo ( Uni
formity of weighty, ^fl^So
o (Disintergration)
sjos*
(Coating)
(Sugar Coating) a*
gL&> (P
ress
Coating).
^Sterilization)
9b^o ( Dry heat ),
heat). ?6sJ- &
ing with a bactericide)
( Moist
(Heat-
) (Capsules)
(Extracts), S)^^^OD (Ointments
^es (Syrups), L^SPCD (Solutions)
^pgex> [Eomulsions), esooeii^o? (Suspen-
sions) ,
fctfo (Stable j n-
(Container)
(For-
mulation) afire 1 o-a^ Stf aw
iSX (Stability Study) o^b
c es
1288
>
^Sustained Release
Drugs] &
^oflf* rtfeS^tfiSaj^Sa Aodaofl
285.
(Metallurgy)
(Alloy) So-
(Minerals) VQ&&. ^d^eo (Components) n-
fOres^ ^sJ'oci) ^6 _a^ . ^- / B- A /
V . / coo. <^c3s^OE3C) aj oa (^5*^0 80-80%,
20^40%) So&, (s*So5" 75-80%
1289
fcff (Stainless
Steel)
(Reactors 1 )
('Metallurgy)
(1)
ctive Metallurgy)
(2) SSdfcjf ^SJ'
tive Metallurgy)
(1)
(3)
(Extra-
(Adop-
e?)o3
(Percentage).
(Ball Mill) S 1
38),
(Flotation)
(Smelting)
(^Furnace)
dfioo
(Electrolytic Cell) !&
(1) ^^^ &*&
tallurgy)
() dfro^
nical Metallurgy)
(Physical Me-
(Mecha-
1290
II
(intrinsic Char
rtes
acteretbic)
( Meatllography )
(Grain Size),
^o*^ex> (Mechanical properties)
graph)
(Electron Microscope^)
(Equilibrium, Temp
erature, Composition)
(X-ray)
(Structure)?^
(Mechanical Properties) &
L *ffaoff f> (Heat Treat-
jnent)
J (Strength)^
a8 &P&N
(Adapta-
(Mechanical Testing)
dfifOLaS" tf^Sxeo
&o (Mechanical Forces) So
(Strength), &&& (Hardness),
"BS)"&5^ (Impact Resistance) ,
ft 5 (Fatigue Strength), &9>$ (Ductility)
(Tensile Strength)
( Alloying)
(Casting), ff^ofi" (Rolling), &
(Drawing)
(For
(Mechanical Metallurgy)
cfibo.
LOCATION MAP
1298
1294
II
ro
O
rr
3C-
Q
V2
V3
X}
1114
A? ^ u wucrcog5xet 947
409. 411, 412, 416. 417 **g3-S o& (tf3u 1180
v OO 8J
44 O K
6C5 wo* r &o vffVaog ^sjjfc 10S8
1078 *3 5^*035 sj- -TWr^ Soatf^tfSto 56,
1077, 1079, 1080 94
852 *>otfTp8o& ^ctegaao 1109
H8 - wod^^o^ sr'-^sstfet ^gas 950
118
662 ' 978
416
843, 1001 ' 940 942
446, 447 wotfgr*tfnf ocfio^uo 986
65o^'cr.'\^ "fofiJJlXii 84*7
641,668,586,690,598,606 *^ L
fc?o8^ S'tfixo 6S 1
644, 661. 806
)r*.r 825 ' Motf8*-5r>reo 208, 680. 1257. 12E8
Motf8*&o- 457, 1002
608
4?3 , . wo*8 ss-8g 1088, 1088
41g >* S Cptftfu 721, 726
* wo&* s"tf ss 586
807. 410, 412,.,417 ( 418, 420,461, ^^ #&> 409
483, 464. 487, 469. 472. 473, 476, 476, \^ -
650*^ Q<^^aw 1280
477, 478, 688, 607 ,, *
"""^ "->'- ^ 12 g
... ^_ 824, 894. 481
410, 418, 417, 607. 688, 699. *^ ei3 SottfaM 48
60e - 6 7 ' 682 ' .<* 157. 874, 1088
744 ^^
J22. 128, 124. 202, 206, Wor aaffo ' 91g
218. 214
ea*tftf oUc.Sw 84'4 ' _ / ^l g&o 680
126J2 ; ,
887 " wr*\ir*aw so
1298
788 ecfcuntfibo 264. 272, 1277, 1278
* noa
888 tJtao sfoc T3""oflooT?"eo otfo
324 oeaoofioortSfoj 27
gig &cao 8o3j" o 113
spS.e^fi 61 wcso 33}J3 1165
' 6Q 9 ^ c8aO*jtftfa 1120. 1128
< x "^ ssv) 940 ocaoOdofjS^ "Soi^JJweo 1120, 1123, 1149,
786 1200
QQO t>C30 SlS&?5 30
OQo .
834, 888. 837, 872, 901, 909 wtwO^a 80
88. 125, 185, 167 176, 177, 188,
762 184. 202, 228. 226 t 227 252, 268, 270,
i^fTto 887 275 28 - 285 ' 28? - 82d 328 858 ' 865 '
836 367, 360 38 , 888,489 495, 662, 1001,
102P, 106", 117S. 1167.
ecao_5 24 34^, 869. 993
679 880 VC3 A ^ 3 ^ ar * ex3 8 ^ 8 ' 8 ^
gOs ec^fT^ S"is^>o 89l
>"3> 7r" \ -r'C^^'SaiSo 788 eea^ ?3 o Sr ^iw 1120, 1128
228, 22i9
1144 ^
^o to i> r & i Sbf^^JS 494
f 812 wcagd'^eo 460, 866
'^^ /
888, 975
1116
824 w^tftf i^o^d 667
422. 461, 452, 465. 458. 816. 824, eOc#fc 218. 808
078 e> $)?) tf6o7Veo 808
0l ^*^*S" 290, 899 eft 6o^&tf -r*o$ 267, 258
KS9 t9^ &) ***}**{ "W^o fifi^caSSoo lo
U"u
_er **_ fin * fi bo^ir*^ fitfc3fix> 60o, 1222
CS%J JLJ T\ *J \J
1D9P 0dlbo^ <r *S>* % d tfcJorvco 179
4l/uC>
289 efi!be)^&*tfaio 188. 178. 300. 302
448 ^eibe^^d ^fi^n&oSll, 492,900, 1000,
177 "" 1068
810
1288
66 wfcSfc 18, 627
449, 607, 685, 666 w^fc 780, 781, 781
Wo o^pJOnw I Aoqid uO / ^>"iQr*s VcOoSbo 727
200, 208 &&*\3& S)TT* tf:k> 188
Q
i 200, 204. 205 wJD^etf (rotftfsfcoea) 18
688 eS^r esssfco 416, 417, 418
781 eoa'&r g^tf^jj 88 U 882
162 e>&S'oS37T<'<3oeo 587
e$fi eSjjetfS' (ultra-sonic) (jSffl&JQ tffljfc 666 w&g'oSS &&'*tf6 > 'aboeo 687
642 wSb^e'^b S3(tf rCfg'o:Sbo 408
}0 874 wSS)|jfab r*tfg'o&>o 406
649, 818 es^^Sb fcg^T 218
619 w&(8oefi 216, 419
41 f>SbSo^e)j5*3oj 814, 816
~
1145 wi5So<bvco 218, 220, 81
o
233, 266 ^JEL&S tftforfsfcoeo
o
tfjffttfo/fico 245
o
1QO WiO)^*d SJO 62
J O w
1090 wjfSCX) B'aa 828
728
m7CO "'l^ OfSbfiJOCj c3oOO(K tS "S'Cf T^l RlijSw 721
, ICO, i 4a xjjj'
7AD wj3oco$S'Swco 65l
I v O
YT'g ^b'3(p?5'^ S48
^j^ -d wSo^o^g'o 447, 462, 499, 662
Qoft Q97 e^SSo^S' eJKt^Bo 286, 460. 464
0^0, DJ (
^ffi r&tfu 788 w&Sa ' s ' ^L^**" 497 ' *"
0^- w ^ *<,* ^ rf^ K' EDO
,-,. eSbS c 1 ? ?3o!5cJ s O^c5
246
1266
481, 482
61 9 f 520 eSbs5 8rf ^^^'^'^ 47
WQ "^
481 482 >3bo5 8 $$ 'sr*ir w S5^w T*t^,iSoo 868
610, 619, 620. 626 3>sS jte *^^ 8 ^^ 948 * 9 ^
828, 883, 888, 868 sl&;3tfe 47
1Q78 e&tfOeSctfo 48
X w I V
74 wl^rVSbo 502
24" toa^tr-ar^r 608. 509 ? BlO, B20, 621,
r 812 ' 680, 727
isoo Sfi^ii^ it
114, 116, 126. 162, 168, tt>skr-_KcStf;fca 99
c8. .0 1 t35bj"*e>o tf"*JS"*co 882
tfj- IP*^ vi&o 917 t>"3oer-Jf 796
88 "3o*^5" l3^S 421
889 erSaSr* eSfcsfco 442, 614 '&
CP
n^u 886, 889 e>-3o8v- 116, 2 J6, 229, 260. 421 694,
12 789. 775. 802 840 841. 843, 876 961,
899 964, 977. 982. 1010, 1C20. 1026 1086,
108 1088, 1060, 1061. 1084, 1071. 1080.
202 1094, 1187, Ii57 t 1161, 1258, 1 82
82o w"e3o^"s~* r5oo&o Jf TT^C*^OG 826, 1256
688, 672, 637 *-3r* aafr* 24? 177, 184. 193. 197 226,
)Q
662 289, 24e. 241, 309 310. 390. 891. 469,
621 614, 102l, 10-2 1023. 1268
&4 **"=^T-^r,/v<v oAmi*<i 176
- 8 1001. 1002 rt5*^cSr. r 1 ^^ 246, 1267
1009 "=^T-fc^^rtKV j*^x%r-tt^,irf\x r*-pi-.< j^ 1266
12 1010. 1164 120 7
14 1010
' 239, 1-67
" 16 1008 Tin^artf "~A
1 ^ 478 I^JoBbI d>^ Sel^J'iaeg
eSj^^fOolir* "3j<b5 176, 1 T, 1S4
871, 374 20
888
10 ^ C3ft ^g^ 4^8 S tf 7T-X> 488
887. 889, 868, 869. 889. 921 v<X>X^o* **t$u 29
&> 127 ed&ss ^ v 962
127 eoCLftg-tfcaabo 166, 167, 168. 1001. 1221
, 11*
900
182 too&Jfceo 1184, 1186
^ W 12 .
oo j wcDow*^oo eSoA'iotJO 94'
2o4 cr
108Q oS3d* A _o^S'<^ ^.qoiioSSoM 181
894 398 cS>^ ** 1262, 1268
182. 196, 848. 1001
, 8ii9. 868, 859. 8^9 921
930
1007^ t0oQod*i_.o^ ^Tr*jf3o 947
614, 671 {-tfr, tJ>*3ay l &>ax>) eoCbd*j.o^ ^saooejo H9i, 1192
862' &7 V 898* ^48 eo&fr^otf Tp-do^> 918
89?
898
*
874
IS]
180
.0* ^tfc'Su 897
otfsfco 199, 897,904. 1014, 1188,
118*. 1186, 1208
888
897. 898
otf o&tfSg- 199
180
**&* c&o|jf;b3ea 1262
874
lo 888
182
91 , 914, 916. 916
181, 182, 169, 174,
181, 182, 19o 199, 208, 204 849 897,
901, 914,91?, 924. 947 1001, 1067,
1066, 1070, 1164. 1186. 1186, 1188,
1189, 1190. 1194, 1196* 1197, 1206,
1207. 1243, 12 i4
C&3^ rt _0*"lL(*"3%>CO 1188
eotfr- f 2Tr*TT'eo 227, 229
ooOo 205, 224
224
226
181, 227, 229. 808, 1222, 1244
220 279 288, 494, 616, 617,
878. 1276 1277
Z)co;5 1278
xio^g 272
640
8
717, 1088
9, 27,68, 488. 717
S" 9. 1012
* S86. 414
1056 1066
612
33fc> eJibj 826, 860, 867, 890.
942. 960 968
66
201, 202, 208, 1280, 1268
202
^jSfca 1261
186
i086
18
S5TrTTco 24
<P
828
978, 991
7S9, 802
726
4?0
467
1281
>fi" 681
220, 227, 882, 1290
w ^^ 197
296
189, 208 r 228, 281, 282.
284, 808, 881, 868, 819, 885, 889. 921,
1129 1208, 1228, 1226, 1258 1 1288
lJjjS" 281
1802
II
46, 49
62
864
820
718
470
689
721
610
812
323
888, 909, 910
leco 888, 889, 848, 84.4, 879,
882, 886
858, 887, 869, 985, 941
847
jeo 487
206, 207
266, 670
612, 841
632
715, 719, 720
sr'o^eo 720
1212
720
812
224
61
688
272
777
1*277
779
841, 842
"3 & 1187
-
899, 724
S79
666
678
674
609, 629, 616, 865; 722,724,
574, 675, 577
724
578
) S)r?5S>3 121 722
> B^ f
721
ft ^ 678
bj'CSoew 1047
17
447
250, 421, 451, 281, 774, 784,
826, 828, 862, 868, 920, 984
808, 804, 1268
9 *
48
188
186
21. 22, 26, 662, 658 ? 652
So 20
183, 128R, 1288
24, 158, 172
171
446
595
507, 619, 622
111
I
545. 587, 671, 694, 8*4, "68,
684, 886, 686 701, 789, 740, 771, 739,
806. 821, S28, 824. 826. 880. 863, 854.
868. 860. 865 s 880, 887, 1082. 1098,
1106. 117^. 120^, 1258. 1291, 12*2
881
878
"Ssftfca 882
* SoStf 880
S88
? 80,
771
oic p
858
5, 188, 1194, ia08
1208
219, 260, 261
126, 147
f 5 6 . 1042. 1164
'
a>oCSbt3o 6 18
1 6
756
756
447, 7ES. 766
V 76, 878. 882, 88, 886, 898. 4U.
440, 442 452
719
g 262
1 98
15, 24, 189, 19? s 198, 218 220,
22', 228, 26' 268, S*70 f 262, 288, 294,
808. 809, 8^2 848. 86^ 868.869, 8681
87^, 614 628 k 686, 886
ei&g" 294
isos
800, 881, 407, 408, 418,416, 746
261, 264, 272. 282. 287, 288 f
290, 824 t 67, ^568 t 69,860, 861, fc68,
487, 87S. 876. 87?
269
801, 1118
> 23, 998
64 1, 542
581
889, 345, 478,
1188, 1186
,^ 1188
469, 470
482.
1028
612
101
7-8
788
714
822, 82S, 880, 882
98
124
787, T87
610
1088
1106. 1112, 1169
ov-^g-^ ^_f aS* 107
1216. 1217
341, 848, 815, 461, 465, 466,
470, 471, 472 495
848
4, 346, SSi
464
197
1804
282 eTr>sr "stb&S" 19
1068 esTT)f~ S5TTTTeo 17
A
717 w^Bo^i^- 294
78 tf fieo 18
298, 421, 812, 848, 975. 97V 1082, |sS*. *a&r*a 841
1287 e8g' f^ffVY^SM 797, 798, 800
866
827 *8r v^&o 811
881,682,088,771,778 ' - ^ -s^a 785, 800
e&ifco 414, 748 . a tf 4<.'8?96fi
oj
429
966
443
8 ' 4 8^5 1013
1197
728 . *{
222, 228, 226
285
etfgtfk 1266
287 efroeu 719
167. 666,742, 1019, U56, 1261,
** j es o lOu
1256, 1288 (xr. wS^wS ) ^>
m/ v. v-=3~'' ^ " B "3 \ft)s 154
{or*. efly5*x5 ) **
393
742
269, 294
-0 249
248, 297 598, 594, 602, 1276, 12?6 e^^tfc*;^ 252
0*3 619
1 eo 1 1 rf K
n cc Ctr t3T\S C3SOJ loo, J. 1 1
ol t oo, 07 ^
1 OQpr tdT % \ftfi'c5!Sbj CO 162
* UWV jj
&s)^J06i5 656
, 718 eaco^rioS" 662
. 35". j. 280, 284, 285. 291, 885 ^^^ 826
646 uXt'n ^gs5|o 421
827, 851 eszto'ca ?3og eo 990
840, WO eSSJtt -s-oabo 191, 192
9, 12, 46, fiO eS8 112ft, 1127, 1180, 1166, 1165, 1167,
Jfctf*ctfoKo 860, 861 1163. 1169. 1170, 1171, 1178
(to) co 880, 850, 864, 880 3e o&c^&o 1166
827 eS8 *_8^ SoitfSw 1121
16, 224, 808, 845 8 1019, 1079 esD^-x, tf d^C>^eo 2
1806
726
fc*:to/818 t 882, 410, 411, 416
16
283
296, 795, 808. 951, 962, 975, 977
182
o 610
168 90
826, 843, 945, 951, 977, 1060,
ST 883, 871
eSHtf -gr^cc 786, 787
683, 727
Sfco 272, 294, 295, 405
613
270. 238,293. 296, 17,319,
388, 892, 499. 777, 778, 780, 781
301
300
488, 434- r 794
737
800, 782, 738, 792
168, 289, 684. 689, 610, 800,
1060, 1G84,, 1167
fc 1287, 1288
1134. 1135, 1138
1134
120, 125, 628, 821, 860, 1081
863
11S8
801
610
21
87
466, 848. 844, 871
[jfo 818
174
250
414, 416
681, 683
1178
1286
1182
251, 262, 287, 1113, H14,
1123, 1126, 1127, 1128. 1133.1152, 1166,
1157. 1165, 1178, 1180, 1181, 1236, 12*8,
1227
j$$ 3o3 1166
497, 681. !Ub2. 1090, 1126
2, 1270, l^'l
4. 231
831, 848, 859
218, 221. 228, 289, 279, 288, 300,
644, 6oi, 567, b&9, fc02, 616. 617, 742,
. 871, 899, 908, H16, 9^0, 921, 988,
, 1018, 1027, 1050, 1096, 1186^ 1188,
1265, 1288
298, 299, 461, 547, 548
r* 275
669
720
25
1306
II
eO-B'S' 1388,
1*118
691
966, 962. 975, 1008.
881
20
652
3) 6], 610, 716, 717, 719, 840, 1082,
^ *
1270
-enorbS 44
7
15, 84, 148, 144, 146, 147, 611
143, 144
72S
962
982, 968, 989
610
f 294. 296, 298 t 846
s" 421
6U7, 608, 682
228, 229,868, 1096. 1118, 1125,
1128, 1148, 1218, 1228, 1288, 1289
1096
1096
oSJ) 598
r!fiw 612
1092
893, 894, 1006
863
248, ^4^, 461, 826, 88, 1108
1104
1005, 1052
886
176
787
119
119
767
849
291, S04, 825, 826. 827 t
842, 486, 488, 4b9, 490, 491, 49^, 494^
497, 981
489
766
62
256, 290, 810, 811 t 812
10, 1195
784, 1065, 1066
168, 172, 178, 178, 48". 614, 742,
9^9, 1019 1021, 1022, 1028. 1024 f
1(40, 1044, 1050, 1084, 1156, 1172,
1265; 1266
1155
1281
244
692
520
^K^tftfM) 609, 617,
694, 721
tf'&o 619
92
610
etfgoaortfeo 596
848
895
595
127. 129, 189, 140, 1068, 1070,
1072. 1228
law
961
428
, 693
748
748
788 787
60
voftfu 167
167
619
24. 264
688
(fctfjfc) fi-tBeo 984
982
Ad *& sfaotf-erux) 884, 428
A3 etenCoeo 962, 964
128
) 1198, 1199, 1202, 1206,
1208, 1214
A3/C* (^oObco 657
Aa^^co 469, 8^6, 851. 968, 969, 996.
1006, 1014, 1016, 1017. 1022, 1023,
1067. 1078, 1089. 1228, 1229, 1287,
1266, 1257, 1258, 1269, 1264
1089
SSQ, 831, 882
425
626, 527
986
eo 677
1263
127
487. 488, 498
88
763
738
768
Atfi
_
(sequential sampling plan)
728
861
898
47
nlbflC) 601
617, 618, 721
209, 864, 996, 10U, 1024, 1028,
1027. 1067
762
^r ) 826
129, 180
1288
1147, 1162, 1168, 1186, 1167, 1168,
1189, 117u, 1172, 1177, 1187
SijSoa 217, S:53, 887, 991, 994, 1170, 1188,
1193
& -sr*ex>^nabo 994
a /rer v^&o 802
14
1222
^ 282
97S
j^ 808
428
(co) 384, 421, 42S, 456,871,
9*9, 96], 964
5TTo'TToeo 421
*x e>
cJg 288
230
428
sgss 1179, 1180
1164, 1188, 1164, 1186.
1166, 1169
oies&x) 1226
1808
229
, 1171. 1178.
U78, 1192
849
' 201. 202, 2C6, 858, 857, 430,
974
, 192, 187. 198, 199. 200. 201,
204. 238, 298, 826, 377, 378, 387,
400. 481. 492, 443, 458, 439, 628, 644,
66r, 741, 320. 828, 8>9. 848, 870, 874.
909, 910, 912, 91?. 945, S5, 968, 9g7,
959, 961, 982, fe88 f 970, 971, 972,
973, 974, 987. 988, 989, 99^, 1000,
1008, 1020, 1024, 1080, 1C 39, 1040,
1141, 1042, 1057* 1074. 1078, 1129,
1181. 1182, 1146, 1151, 1164, 1155.
1188, 1164, 1167, 1208, 1287, 1270,
127 1*. 1272, 1278, 1278, 1278, 1290
965
802
J 18,610, 611, 6 17, 631, 647, 653,
564. "677, 578, 586, 629, 681, 6?fi t 636,
640, 643, 725
777
724
718
81
H
188, 1160, H92, 119B 1197.
1280, 12.SU 1242
tf ^ oar-rtSi 666
181
1154
1184
181
1184
3186
669
lg'ai&0 699
828 949
982
964
828, 96 U 972, 989, 1005
600
19, 27", 280, 28?, 288, 28", 295,
812, 822, 823 828, 347, 348, 852, 364,
868, 86*, 364, >8, 881, 401, 40\ 417,
488, 442, 449. 601, 528, 982
689, 67*. 811
"3^)SbSoo 290. 823, 861, 862,
n o
86e f 871, 471
aj-a^abo 866
899
^1^001 "^S" 652
266
1071
271
641
1072
492
Btfta-e
640
1809
-Cr. oN-'S
477, 478-487, 494,
476, 477
"3 cw- cc 15, 135, 187, 189. 217,
826, 46, 449, 492, 493, 496, 665, 666,
611* 638, 6&9-641, 1084, 1068, 1070,
1072
sefretf 594
-3 sfl.fi; 108, 578
;3_ StfS 479
jy* st 477, 479
290, fe23, 857, 368,
c 422, 42S, 841. 984
424
588
; S*^ *rga 608
668
fc 228, 746
26
5" 17
888
549 ? 568
v 287
5 SOI
8L 105, 106
5 12S8
* 166, 1082
" 27
?) ^ ^s^^o 17, 270, 2"1, 284 3 296,
810 8^7. 849, 69, 880, 890, 891, 406,
407
189
188
6S 3
18, 450, 503, 505, 506. 576, 677,
579, 994
eo 578
cg
tffil? dioclb 577
^"S O5tf^ 676
269
1264
. 307
97, 105, 215, 219, 238, 743, 750,
760, 761, 856, 869. 1228, 1284, 1285
244
12Q4
Ob 1174
A
L CM V caScu (o'_Sbo^^) 274. 288, 862,
868, 665 668, 6,6, 559, 691
ftfSo&A "gtoeo 768
568, 569
88. 86, 125-129. 181, 184, 186,
187, 138-140, 142, 144, 148 149, 158.
158, 169, 165, 188, 171-175, 177, 180,
182-188,190, 196 800, 202,203,206,
222-225, 229, 280, 267, 269, 261, 267,
861,6-9, 1001, 1088, 1070.1072, :076,
1168 1184, 1185.1187, 1222, 1240,
1244
S'tfgco 129, 140
1228, 1280, 1281
1262
1154, 1168
129, 180
185
S: 861, 870, 874, 875
188
1174
w |Soar?vco 180
, 1280
1810 "S)S&J>S' II
& 302, 471 Sg-tfo&tf 437
141 tftftfbaSbo 818, 412
(*;$ oo(jBreo) 74, &r SQLSoOo 79
, 190 $sf I S80J-S3 oar-^^5 118
126, 212, 802, 881, fig- S&atfcStfsfca 80
1082, 1229, 1269 68o&f 207, 03, 2vj?, 1237, 1240, 1248,
Di-s^sF 3ectfj*o 185 1245, 1247
s-^r SLr^B-"o 189 6"S>^d5> 824
81, 185, 188, 1228, 1260, 1261
588
, 348, 547, 568,
(JL^ KAo&^&o 198 sorotrejg 3Do$ 851, 964
IfcAJ lifts p ^. /> j
sD^ab, eo^S 137, 189 f 148, 144, 147,
492 148, 152, 172, 1082, 1174
157 OSS' 808, 414, 886
18 SD65" 580, 681
433 oeS" wotfbeo 582
226 ^i^-x, 1258
796, 812 O ^^r8g~ )f \ 5o"n i Sfifi ) 987
565 ~*
165
17 01^65^^ t3o 126, 128, 149, 199. 460, 987
142 oar^jaff 27
1062. 1054, 1062 oaf*s^6f sSiofiwco 899
268
249
5" 246 *
1188 juoA^co 881. 832, 890, 1027, 1028
l! 9 6 M r 881
^ * a^dio R)tro^&o 467, 458
388 fi J 7jtrS' VJ5S 860
Ofl t - K~ a *
818, 816, 822, 382, 861, 397, *ed^ 229, 248, 461, 821, 825, 854,.68 t
408, 488, 967 fr 872, 1*68
a lf "^o^fi^ *^8 408 a.&parCIO 108
isii
16
ooo, iiu
.). 809
1194
sio
1278
625
168
874
fib 8
1287, 1288
584
lx> 684
15 f 219, 245. 274, 276, 534,
686. 562, 65J. 1278
721
440
228
680
c80
671. 724
o 274
. 607
632
660
Cu 676
401, 508. 609, 6i6, 884, 640,
16, 1121, 1128
^eSo5 eo 256, 266
778
668, 672. 689
941
768, 757
1279
210
140
208. 209
210, 211
800
123, 188, 190, 209, 878, 952.
1255, 1269
1251
10 ^sfrora Stffibew 1254
1254
186, 195, 469, 1037
181
131
428
480
29, 680, 681, 998, 1089, 1288
729
1094, 1095, 1096, 1105
2S4, 286
818, 8^2, 888, 861, 854, 868, 1260
5gs5^ 8SO, 851
^cS5S loco 881
> cp
889
679
698
580
282, 823, 866
287
286
1812
II
jf
fi'ca anc&o 385, 377, 382, SSS, 401, 408,
404, 405, 418, 417, 419, 4JO, 449> 556,
668, 589, 571
fe eno Stf Jfcfco 379, 382, 414, 415, 417
Ef* (tfSgsL 282, 849, 351, 354, 856, 371,
875, 438, 471
-sr^co 397
880, 397, 398, 419, 420
138
187. 140, 148. 149, 158, 159. 160,
162, 1ft?, 164. 166, 168, 169. 173, 184,
186, 195, 221, 284, 286, 265, 281, 284,
285. 286, 283, 239, 290, 291, 308, 812,
814. 322, 328, 388, 841, 43, S5 1, 352,
853, 54, Scl, 56, 861, 363, 368, 890,
891, 92, 897, 402, 404, 410, 414. 420.
436, 48, 44^, 449, 465, 466, 470, 471,
472. 475, 476, cG5, 554, 870, 1000,
1002, 1010, 1168, 1176, 1187
to cfl&ojttfcj 284
tfet C&o 620
to Stfatf 385, 839, 340, 346. 349, 354,
876, 879, 381, 382. 471
rw 3t*3Sbo 402
tfct -^gfi^SM 879, 380, 861, 382
*a Soootf -tf^g 291
^97^ 401, 402
29, 132, 136 137
849, 350. 852, 353, 354
o-"sG[
L.
171
293
115
588
682
^9, 580
580
o 580
580, 580
^fiwoo 581
680
1210
526, - : 27
589
722
894, 529, 687, 648
6S6
523
764
v^&o 762
ill
755
CO
165
^opg 84
823, 813, c58
185
S*j 582
1029, 1030, 1081, 1032
jer 174
648
581
Tn& ^Sba 731, 747, 821. 825, 861,
853, 868, 885, 963, 1268
823,880, 838, 851, 56,916,
1027. 1028
gssg 830, 881
1S9, 151, 186, 201, 222,228,
224, 841, 842, 844
161
1019, 1079, 1286,
1267, 1285
844
4, 149, 165. 291, 421, 422, 42S,
437, 742, 834, 1014, 1112, 1148, 1276,
1286, 1288
cs
219, 220
248, 260
842
983, 1113, 1148, 1198. 1220
T;*- 802, 808, 804, 844, 978, 079, 1114
ifetf rtrftfifco 45, 49
79B, 797, 798
r|otfS$xcc 1095
275, 544, 645, 822, 846, 806, 990,
1110
tfes 741
748
SfcoJxtf war-Stfcato 299
s-95- <T 189
&
188
158 5 1181
981
61S
1188
397, 398, 437
579
638
667
660
698
.o|Jto 189, 282. 286, 1090. 1081, 1095.
1096, 1097, 1216
1C95
742
'6 760
1277
376, 877, 878, 881. 883, 425"
^^ 762
60, 182, 188. 186, 187. HO,- -, 14S/
148, 170, 171, 173, 179. 268, 302, 80S,
368, 877, 878.. 886. 886, 688, 998, 1004,
1318
1006, 1007, 1048, 1049, 1060, 1071,
1147. 1183, 1228, 1240
TrT;5$ 384, 385, 886
fitfr^exD 182, 136, 208, 209, 630,
1086
188. 134. 176. 179
18S
182, 136
404, 480, 481
582
1084, 1036
1054
TT-08 ^^^00 182
978
137, 188
18
140. 1039
TTOQ* "3K^o 188, 184, 144. 146. 168, 169,
170. 171. 182 5 1004, 1068, 1074, 1174,
1248, 1247
TT. fi rj^ 178
905
259
ro 170, 1045, 1046, 1049.
'1082, 1038. 1073 (rfr*.
13, 138
^oo 814
~ 63
167
$0^^bo 189
20. 718
4S?
417
821
1128
888
442, 448, 768, 7oS
8
l&U
i
151
612
717
245. 789, 603, 804
231, 299 305, 441, 656, 641, 843
r 279
4 745, 784
747
754
758
reo 115
5, 115. 844
445
641 698
448. 449, 607
o 248
591
582
284
^S" .7, c!8, 220 228, 229, 246, 267,
68, -70, 279, 28^. 808 309. 811
v^S" 2_ Z^ ff 16 > 24 ' ^^ 9 8, ^38,
i84. 286, 287, ^B f 240. 241, 60. 268,
287, ^90 309, 810, 318, S64 888, 888,
9', 430, 4S1 469, 681
267
228
17, 218. 870, S78, 282,
SS'i, 2G. a94. 8lO t 822, 363, 8f8, 368.
g59, 60. 8rf 1, .363. 870, 875. 428. 65 1.
813. 614
^ODO^&O 8. 5
1152, 1170, H78, 1178, 1180
1187
166
169, 170
SS^fi 146
624
987.
509,
658
668
154
1110
978, 979, 9SO. 984, 9F6, 986,
988, 989, 990. 991, 993, 1114
655, 656
623
272, 278. 274, 390, 891, 460,
621. 523, 625, 646. 554, 666, 556,
665. 596. 665. 726, 727
554
284, 289, 279. 808, 875, 401,
, 818. 617, 681, 667, 866. 1078,
1266
2_ (Jfcto 241, 244 .
i
238. 294, 240, 241, 841
242
236
242
890
B27, 828
fc 685. 858
612
e 61
ficca gtiaDooo 1067
326
, 1040
1089
188 }
1079* 1080
1815
fitfw atfo Sooar'atf [Soft 309 * S1 *
366, 64, 366. 868. 870, 376, 377. 378,
888, 405, 428, 430, 481
Stfw ejtfg 3ooaratf tftf&eo 791
fitfra tfo(tf 61
871
905
971, 1009, 1067, 1174
3r13 261
723
761
289, 807, 820, 889, 898, 400, 421,
427, 443, 466, 462, 478, 477, 479, 480,
481, 485 9 671, 712, 762, 842
784
o 582
747
62
411
584
643. 549, 567
"^^ 678
508, 606, 576, 577, 616, 723, 724
268
~dftex> 442, 445
O^^&o 675
714
20, 548
838)0^ 623
613
fc55Q^o 5d 1019
458, 459, 1014, 1(117, 1019,
1029, 1078
o 782
611 . " . .- :
r TTCO 816
gcC3c>&d 80 ^
681 - * - - "
694 < :'/-'.
&u 666
199
-' 576
656
548. 668
564
275, 6S8. 622
1112
205
746, 762, 777
784
^S 1181
660
r^ ca 227
x
1188
904
^o-tf^o 604
22, 156, 878, 892, 89S,
899, 997,999, 1002, 1013, 1018, 1020,
1244, 1266
687
457, 463
914
502
681, 682, 68S
592, 595, 596 .
669
428
1007
138, 189
> 827> 8SO> SS1 * S81i
o98, 1104
828, 1099, 1110.
177 . -; .
17
" *% HI :
229, 825, 971, 875, 1060, 1157,
1181
IS 16
II
1259
-rag" -r-ofcJT 889
1018
(Sjrweo) 12, 18,
U J
. 1018, 1017. 1077
1289
*u 12S8
l &87
978
"So 3 dg' woS5'O"-tr*eo 420
3
L
!o i -^ 9
lo L
1187
166
117 7 , 1178
1161,
i26, 127, 128, 184, 1ST, 102.
169, i72, 178, ,99, 221, 222 228. 226.
280, 289, 814, 822. 887, 388, 8S9, 340.
842, 861. 854. 866. 871, 410. 411, 417,
4i8, 49, 420, 438. 472, 620, 6^6, 849,
1 78, J76. iI7Q, 1177
1179, 1180
1173
e64 f 56. 866, 471
tc d^aSM 310: 842, 864, 890, 408, 488
126
618, 628 527, 686,
7 2 5. 726
ss 664
151
476
11T6
626
xso& -883
1174
60
18
12, 88. 1240
828
-8. 77-. sg. 666, 567, 698, 669
-fe^eb 618' 68, 5 9. 667. 687 t 632, 684.
636, 686, 6fc7, 640 (air-. T-^to)
^er? 596
633
684
697
688
421, 747, 825, 868, 968, 1082
-a a ea
537
18, 611. 612, 618
409, 411
2_JOS" 408, 4 8> 416, 416
fcOO, 746
811
^ar 1022, 1028
rv53)fibtoeo 637. 648, 647 f 558, 669. 624,
692
618
886
819
698
44. 881, 1172
t
17
12, is. 29, 1012
76=5. 779
670
6, 426
766
677
tf 67?
278
680, 680, 68$
848
087
6
18
J-87 1188 1189
14P, 1144
2r :88, 401
401
822, 828
416
822
649
o 17, 27, , 278
248. 249
1265
747
244
847
695
877
6?9
678
127, 18(, I89 t 160
68
S" 88
114. 6 . 289, ^79, 616. 688. 7*2
k 789
J117
4S9
6 8
70.
loos
" 24, S:46 >47, 249
it 24. 119, 248. 247
563
695
A^ ^sfi 697
69-. 774
696
784
687, 8g4 t 697, 698, 774,
775
778
+sfriXo s^g^bco 698
694, 696. 698, 699. 707, 710, 776,
776
418. 718
447
294
1060 (cSr
122
AT3-gfiOL ttf 748
8S9, 851, 863, S98
102, 104
e 84
rfd 110
- 825
isai 1006
1089
i T$S" 660. 688
^fi Co Sog 1097
Lr 847, 496 497
15, 224, 018
274., 3a7, 456, 616, 618. 645, 647,
652. fe 8, 669. u7l f fi98 f 605, 691, 842,
1112
25
, ^o^tf-r-co 978, 982
827
1818
II
3o[jf&>e*&o BIS, 516. 618
c6otf*tfTr>ea 295, 800, 689, 626, 706,
752,760
o-^oQo-sr-co 114
218
s5tftfoex> 945
o
780 . ;
840
211
210
I ITT> atPotfsSbo 120
U Q
ftf 688
tfea&Sbo 869, 380, 361
647
288, 290 727
288, 270, 272, 654, 557,
607, 613, 615. 654, 67J, 702, 777
1274. 1276, 1876. 1277, 1282
o 1278
SoxkibS" 561
, 341
17?. 228, 881, 859, 871, 988,
1222
920, 1271
270, 280, 286, 301, 804, 8fi6,
326, 327, 388, 384, 885, 836, 87, 888,
9, 840, 841, 542, 344, 845, 348, 864,
S56, 397, 402, 404, 418, 447. 449, 460.
471, 472, 478, 476, 481, 48. 491, 494,
495
472
825, 490
478 482
CO 9
^TTJO 342
5
846
888
490
385
258, 269, 260
141. 158
446
1267
iOg'^" j"o5j^~^S)oS) ^ 299
Scn>rt" 6fi
I lbT
1? JT lio fto^S 340
-a -, iF~ QQO
O (J l BJ Ot/0
w
207
519, 623, S24, 856. 716, 727
524
' 16', 197, 218, 220, 221, 224, 279,
', 742
276
290, 851
o en
238, 290, 370
315
278
14
187, I60 f 168, 167
. r -5r"5r 198
21, 129, IBS,
140, 141, 142
rtf5bo 148 ^
s^oko ?3o|jg 123, 128, 130, 181, 132, 134,
166
6, 128, 129, 130, 187,
140, 175
129, 130, 182, 139, 141 ^
1065, 1056. 1064. 1068, 1069 .
868 ^ .
60
40, 197
1319
, v Jb-cr* tf&o 188
880 882 885
879.
6 0, 666, 614^ 61?, 778
27*
;|J_) S" 2e, 276, 1288
28
674
18*, 186. 189
C eSgSS o '48
^ 299, 642, 6- , 664, 5^8. 687^
677, 578, 808, 612, 623, 84!. 649, 864,
666, 665, 712
387, 864
Stfstf 388, 886, 888, 841. 846 f
409, 4,78, 476, 473, 479
542
578
588
.48, 607,
fi72
Jxtf
(^^S) &o 319, 820. 821 ? 324, 358.
^ .^91. 896. 401, 431 ? 468, 478, 848
1277
. 1019
902
^ex: 888
^67, 868, 869, 942
ftc% ^^pS* 940
T^^ 867. 868 ? 940
847
VO 1008^ 1009 ? 1016, 1018,
1019, 1021, 1U22, 1023^ 1045. 1Q78
,^ 997
1087
188
209
9. 13, 18, 27, 158, 811.
847.^48. 996. 996. 1084, 1057^ 1067.
1071, 1072, 1077, 1^68
^ l^oskj 165, 884, 1165
798, 876, 877, 916 ? 90. 949
SI6
OSTTCO 818, 817 } 887, 869, 404,
661, 607, 618, 616, 696, 701, 7<6
1155
884, 886
790^ 824 3 881, 866, 367, 859,
880, *85, 884, 886. 918
Sr-^aci 886. 872, 873, 877, 889,891.
923, 9*8 f 928
^anco 116 , 822, 794, 799, 884, 8 6. 8^6.
838, 889, 856, 8&9, 865, 8^7, 87^, 8^4,
68. 918, 982, 98^, 947, 9.7, 1188
8vS, *^8. 880, 832. 838. 8t8, 889
*wj 831
X5o6o 1108
785 ... -
1320 >*&&& II
rforr* ($&} 826, 828, 984, 1169 w
26
> E)43i6"* 5jra rt"ofl 71*
128
27, 156, 239, 280, 445, 616, 618, M a f^ tftfoK _ tf g ^ 2 5 8 , 2 66
920, 1280, 1285 tfoJrV ;fcr>tfo 600~^
284 tftf^rV&o 472, 699. 601, 802, 80S, 805,
&tfc)eo 851 607, 635
761 tftf\rV&G5^ '3tf i y& 636
1Q 1 1Q 9
iin ' JWt ^tf^TTtfc 800, 601, 60S, 808, 805, 809,
*4Sj--3 247 618,656
o&Gjv>t)G 189 K'x'^-r^K^ ^^w<^ 602
12-3
62
51
u ,
68 ^^T^tfca 80 599
8
. 688
j 98 v
E0 ' 72 ' 94 6 ^^oT 3 ^ 8
tftf^so-a 6 GO
K^^^&J 688, 602, 712, 718, 773
5, 7, 32, 99 ? 101, 128, 140, **oSbo 608, 699, 682, 633, 856
470
tfe& 9*&g ^^0^" "3 tf o^jo 268. 269, 260
62 * " "
145 " rtff^887
r 162, 183, 230, 86? Ktf\Jto$>&> 85?, 868, 857
"Tl70 ^ raw 682
^ & 839,840 **8xr.eo 632
gjg ri^ijooo 636
880" ^ ^5^ 782 5 783, 785, 798
254, 269 n-oe* 00, 237, 268, 1018, 1271, 1272
3 873 rp'*'*otfr'8 287
>co 797, 1188 n^ rs5o|^D(g) 590
277, 808, 821 ^^ ss^aao 1089
212, 213
212
8 68 " rr-Xr* fiCTn^ 188, 160, 162, 164, 1, 856,
m ' 492, 633 3 639 3 649, 877, 988, 938, 987,
ar 182, 163 94 4> 10 7 Sj 117 g
IS21
987
fltfa 988
939
rr*oSr>eo 602, 687, 570, 718
884
986
448
7T-C 819, 892^ 484, 485, 441, 581,682,
644, 1008
674, 675, 690
627
rvf) fc
628
429
610 f 812
861, 852, 358, 868
471
15, 802
1184
904, 980
14
24
886
771, 781
flfc weoo^ 624
Aft tfcrS 624
118S
983
". J?T 1228
808, 898, 899, 499, 610, 518, 664,
686. 640, 841, 660
667, 588, 685, 7?7
649
428 ; 686, 781, 826, 868
868, 920, 964
o 879
758
150. 116, 117
119
116, 117
428
468, 1014, 1020, 1021, 1022.
102S
gtf* 917
60, 185, 148, 147, 174, 809,
629, 881, 874, 886, 888 3 889, 890, 892,
896, 917, 918, 919. 920, 947, 974, 1018,
1014, 1018, 1020, 1021, 1024, 1082.
1042, 1044, 1071, 1075, 1144, 1268
874, 894
(&r-|J*3x>) 148, 898,
997
jen
982
724
S3Tr-tr>cx) 992
711, 7)2, 714, 719, 724
907
| ce> J5j T rr 8 co 61
1098
282
644
69
129
41, 146, 109, 170, 171. l7, 174
11, 12, 14, 28j 47, 49, 191. 918
187
387
^)o 669
261
1076
1188
1239
1832
261 (^r
261, 262
Voiatt 167. 873
168
1124
654. 686, 687
641, 643
4, 6^6, 690
. 8 6,927, 106, 1111,
687, 702
j 6S5 686, 687, 638, 6"0,
. 701, 702, 704, 7,2, 778
689
1175
1087
862, 853, 854, 866, 880, 882
S5g*| 85 1. 852
861
861
1U3
1180
821, 823, 827, 868, 881, 887,
1098, 1099. 1104, 1167
831, &88, 844, 868
851, 860, 883
1091
8, 97, 4'2, 422, 442, 445, 493,
670 731,733, 761, 776
j3o#!fcae>o 1208, 1206
6 12
244
141
670
17
72
3, 76
830, 480
*
)fr-Ax>o 62, 63
229, 8 6, 858
1 9
67
67
606
j
129. 130,
6 50, ; 1, 65. 67, 76 99, 1188
TS ^-cn tf Jfco t86
Q
c^T n~o|A& 671
606, 608, 657, 66-, 686, 687
s3 728, 727
84. 1029, 1082
Ltftfgcr-Sb> 1017
1014
133. 148. 228. 809, 458,884,
990,997.998, 999, OH, 1015, .016,
1017, 1018, 10-4, 1025, 1067. .087.
1071, 1077
>eo 1016
1014, 1024, 1026
12
1 7T*SS>56*icr 8ioocoo 598
Ln-^dT to 836, 837, 879, 9 , 922. 928.
932 934
M r^^^T 218. 824, 833, 868. 869. 889,
922. 1179. 1181
796, 79^
e8 tfg&a 783
assa-cr-co 794, 795, 796
^, 78 . 785
740
irn)oci ^a--r oooou 768
r rr13j-$' e " 14
160, 162
1838
l
660, 663
207,208, 209, 218, 1281, 1232,
1288, 1247, 1257
\S' H99, 1208, 1228
Lrttf*cto 111
9
610
18 *
871
871, 872
825
612, 716, 840
774
776
775
776
99
19
272
S" 17, 6S, 254, 278. 282. 2s?,
290, 298, 297, 310. 858. 401, 414,
647, 648, 784
359
273, 287
818. 814
o 814
-
801
224
1189
622
46
47
200, 271, 1127
44
22, 184
22, 1261
"3o6otfeo SoCSboftj 68. 54
) fibixjooaw 412
So^geo 76
1, 682
543
802, 826
1006
s 612
ion, 1012
007 ' 1008
1091
1033
8, 164, 892, 8/4, fe95, 998, 999.
1001, 1006, 1007. 1008, lOOy. 1010,
1011, 1012, 1013, 1014, 1017, 1024,
1028, 1078, 1088, 1251, 1284
10 1 9, 1010, 1025
B93
1014
1011
botf ^rcr -r^eo^ex) 1009
1006
1006
1006
1008
200
U48
ifi-sptfo 968, 964
1824 SSAS>& II
itf:fstooco 864
148 *\x\ i"fj^v "oSjog'L. JOTT:)SSx> 622
148 3^ (Itafjo 609 618, 521 64* 647. 698 t
)ieo3o*xw 148 622. 8^3, 714. 727
'v-gtfo 682 -Os^ "3o*<> 645, 6*6, 647, 648
in-TT-eo 968 -Sfc 229
9
890 ftg'W 3&ir*Jo 681
o
612, 719 A* ^a>*> 891
9, 719 A btfco 761
733 >ex> 482
Ql j[ -ft^- 6 2 fr 3_^)
tfjtfj) 506, 606, 647, 667, 669. 67', 591, s5oo 569, 670, 696, 697, 598, 599, 806,
682. 642, 652, 655. 667, 871. 676 849. <V2 718
661 A^oo tftf 689. 678
a
. 302, 806. 651, 863, 778 **aLe /r*^)TT-e>3 242
^ 1158, 1183. 1170 3*^ ^L rto 7
61 Bi^fio i5t3o\ 'S^^N uo
648. 647 3^> T 45, 746, 985 981
1091 B* eo -6, 764, 446
848 3&> 7*1 1 753. 758, 782, 784, 1228, 1882
1180 5S 580 ' 684, 685
K v*j *J *iJ dj5b(Xi oo i
860, 861. 864 3^So 686
870. 871, 372 3$ 6i;i>;fco 229
871. 872, 378, 874* 375 ^^ -3^ 797
812 ^aeo 898, 396, 400, 967, 982. 99 . 992,
8 1112. 1118
3 tfgotfoo 897
689 gjsr- 8, 61, 802. 825, 976. 1 89, 1268 .
60S 2_Jbctfx>eo 468. 1038
flj'fio 880, 882 3 er**o3W5" 886
80 ^pfe 682
49 ^HoQar* S5ocQkTeo 1028
68 T^sS" 1184. 1135
60 ^)lojico
61 - 3* HOI
o
1826
186
967
498
esoifc
wofc Tr-agsSx> 813^ 314
tea Sb 33SX> 06
7 00. 701
468. 472
479
"343 797
812. 316, 820, 321, 322 5 323, 327,
828 881. 338, 388, 839, S40 f 348 5 845,
846. 851. 854, 867, 368, 876, 878, 888,
889, ;90 892. S97, 400, 425, 426 ? 427,
428. 488, 486, 488, 447 461, 468 456,
48l t 468, 467, 478, 497. 60-=> 609, 649,
670 701, 761, 798, 824, U6 966, 982,
1081, 1118. 1217. 1274. I27d
819
491
1278
229
289, 280, 288, 414. 881, 832, 985,
1165, 1266
621
622
688
107
82
16
trtf
206
400
146
SJQ e g =r-0(^)3o 699
604, 608
602, 604, 681, 683
796. 796
3< 5" 1121, 1122. 1124, 1186
SSSfcgtfo 979
(go
806, 979
700. 792, 798. 802, 804, 806, 821,
824
792
110
3^ 112
293
282
20
609
498
325
) 686
_oss 814, 826. 490
841
489, 498
oessfco &26, 828
612
291
328, 400, 449,
46], 460, 478, 981
346
849
494
jjrasSa> 494
468, 470
880
330
SS>^ 280, 298, 821, 828, 828, 884, 886,
387. 842, 848, 344, 846, 846, 349 f 360.
418, 419, 449, 462, 467, 469. 470, 482,
488, 484, 486, 416, 487, 488, J4IO, 491,
493, 494
1326
sr
102, 06, 326, 447, 460.
, 483, 485, 497, 498. 499, 600, 390
-^sfco - -tfd|j* 462
So^tfsto 848. 847
311
800
284, 835
, 329
482
eo 468
449
381, 450, 885, 788, 800. 802, 804,
974, 973, 998, 1039. 1183, 1167, 1161.
1266, 1269
S" 300
676
riir-co 678
781, 826, 868
wo&tf j*&je 720
atfjS -fto^S" 231
1^6 1681 208, 466. 718, 767, 800. 1068,
1060, 1114, 1133
21, 183, 202, 203, 1260
666
991
979, 990, 992, 994, 1113
1108
jSr*^co U79
1100
ttotfco 681
1148
1161, 1168
S4, 818
1167
1148
1161, 1169
^TTtx> 879, 880
1100
tftia, 680, 688
V^co 821
1157
1148. 1161, 1164,
1167
1180, 1181, 1162
1291
968. 1054. 1122, 1148,
1162, 1157, 1168, 1169, 1160, 1161,
1192, 1200, J226
363, 864, 1276
1100
1099, 1100
.tfsSosSS 1167
1086, 1088
1101
210, 211, 628
698
686, 688
976
(6) [J5ooo 693, 694
-B-SSb^co 598
CO
en8 829, 380, 331, 882
r*&o3o wT^cCJo&o 108
644
wo
Tca
463
458
779
890, 904,
914. 916
Q
942
466
998, 998, 1028
er8 809
667
206
680, 608
6t8
o 167, 774
822
1272
ffijD -i3S
746 v -
, 760, 883, 838. 8S9, 869 t
88 7 , 403, 413,
878
894. 895 897
1018, 1180, 1271
2, 270. 801. 691
129. 180
891, 726
.64., 686, 643, 704
621
. 727
619, 620
802
18 2 J. 22 t 270 , 29, 2^0, 2 9,
. 296, 8U1, .^02, 804, 80-., 88 , 486,
fill. 618, 6i8 3 619, 648
67 , ? 80
r 8 ^^ 687
612, 721
281, 2 8
^6(js 848
85,,. 867, 869, 879, 888, 40*,
471. 494
448, 449, 460
466
488
281
^ 605
827
868
^e 4,00
a 828, 888, 391. ^ 2
, 811, 325. 827, 25,
821,S8 I 96
281, 471
$ 346
01, 302, SOS, 805
299
278, 280,281,
298
-citfo 284, 405
812, 324, ^25, 452, 46* f 467, 48 f
469 S48, 844, 846, 981, 984, 992, 998,
999, 1000, 1014. i077, 1079, 1080
846
800, 801, 967
^"S tf 301
-^^J 427
308
125, 818
19, 279. 301, SQ6, 3sO, 4u4,
'467, 461, 470, 471, 681, 717, 80S, 1112
288""
463
281, 301, 308, 807, 808, 809
620
, 409, 423
1828
it
463
821
829
316
19. 803, *07, 811, 322, 823. 324,
8^6, 881, 8*3, 35. 842. 843, 344, 346,
851, 864. 888, 890, 393, 897, 400, 401,
427, 485, 461, 4C8, 470, 482, 488, 840
308, 311
99, 101
465
840
907
48
867, 398
229
249
O
Cer^o 965, 970
412, 440, 442, 670. 783, 752 ;
766, 761
. a. o. c&o. 270
. vabS 1 198 ;
ana tfo-^co 633
m^&o 721
v-
o 394, 396, 483
tr*gaofi 48, 61. 68, 60, 812
62
62
1061, 1052, J1068, 1064, 1066. 1066,
1057, 1063/1066, 1067,1068, 1069,
1073. 1074, 1075 *
, 3
1062, 1058
389
176, 186, 869, 937, 182
22
340
281. 1119, 1121, 1122, 1123, 1124.
^9, 1130, 1131, 1132. 1133, 1166.
1158, 1160. 1161, 1162, 1188, 1166,
1169, 1170, 1171, 1172, 1180
153
1131
1130
r-. Aotf^ooaST)
1132
1132
817
278
682, b87, 688
12
JbTroir^o 493
12, 27, 717. 812
247 9 243. 249, 261
657
1013, 1060
881
109
t v 9
826, 963
745, 747
646. 684, 611, 674, 899, 744
424
812
756
586
278
182
l 147
219. 267
Q im
266 "L^^g) 6 " 1S6 > 183 > 187 ' 188 > ^9, 12 28
S" 24 1259, 1260
Seco 881 itfs&" eso^aS" 670
858
317
183, 1229 (jJ^ef ^ "3<xoo45a/T 60
1280 n^ 3 ^" S&r-e-^eo 871, 965
186, 183, 981, 1221, 1231, 1288 (J5*o 244
1232 i^M>\<x&S 1000
1231
22, 87. 125, 178, 183, 1221, 1229,
1237, 1288, 1239, 124 ', 1260, 1261 *' *
1288 fiaoto pS>?5\ o 284
1237 dotfv* co 672
1240, 1241 ^dr^ L^ 880
138, 1287, 1388, 1244 tfctfrCd" 647, 543, 549
1S6 tfTBr-S" 187, 1249, 1259, 1261, 1262
459 <tfo3ooo - *crfo!\r 826
1281 ^6 501, 602
1078
802, 871 ""^ v ""* w 206
OA< TrSj o l\)tr*otfsix> 303
801 Q
fnirn Tr&*NS" 622
1258 <
276,299, 831.806,990, 1110 " 861
,978,1114 ' *"&'* 80S. 888
- K tnajjST 19, 308, 809, 327, 828, 466
oo ~
672 ^. <0 ^
xy^oS , er*5 221
i-a^ab Stfe 1036, 1087 to
*? A, iseJooCb 12
183 ^ 1076
748 ' 76 fla .ff 811, 814,816,1148
816 c-
1189, 1200, 1201, 1207,
168, 189, 170, 171 ""*& sr 12
1208, 1209, 1210. 1211, 1211. 1218. aw T 196
1218, 1217. 1249 ^ a ^ a< 26j g()0> 01> 64g> g88> 9g2
wotf) wotf "cr*j\K2Jbj co 1209 AlS^bTJslto" 271
848 fl^Jv^S" 486
g 1186 a D J87
1830
II
14
&. otoS". &. D. N. A.) 22, 280. 284, 286,
291, 822, 826. 8*4. 836. 842, 348, 846,
347, 348 9 849, 860, 856, 486, 488, 498,
496. 496
&. d3oS. 6. tf;fro&3r fiTTjotf 496
159. J41. US, 1M, 172
843
28
A SibJbS' 605, 540
& a*!^ 2_t6"
A. )". .
ASfc
761
761
^ 1oLtfT3fcsfc> 402,, 420, , 494
1121, 1148, 1156
1121, i22, 1161
1121, 1122
907
189
140
4,66^ 488
252
1298
1285, 1286
1188
69
19, 46, 49, 60
802
266
61
^ 113
660
171
187
e-gg-^ 64
. M. 818
189
20. 24
301
UT^OOO^" 120
288, 875
876 t 1186, 1166
186, 202
198
928
854
^S 448, 449
<&POCO 444
14
646
281
1262, 1268
200
827. 841. 345 482, 478, 479,
480.482, 488, 487, 488. 490 494
326. 388
6 244 t 802, 808, 804, 825. 1092, 1118,
?287. 1260, 1268
6 Soss 861
68
1280
674
#0*0 eo$3 ^5 (Joi) 660
o33tt 18
720
Su 228, 281
$ CTTr-eo 168, 164, 321
3 ^<5g 288
1881
&tf 1216, 1218, 1219 va "3c(jftT (^(Joco 1044
790 -waiysbsfca 429
247, 249 vS atfbsS ^StfSSboeo 1291
C>^ q>
"jwTyoi^ ViJiiSbo 8 VS5 SiSl'-Od cj*5t *5o^*5 AjiSCSo 1^98
228 **&>& 852
*P><*>) 613, 668, 747, 821, wtf^Jj 3*00 966, 962, 984
822, 825, 844, 864, 868, 988, 964, 1062, VTr^rS" 158
1066 1106,1181 *& *fS5j*co 247
> CO
Io ^ . O X 7
t IOQ TP*OO IB? xr*co 2* '
&$oK ^fi-r(^six> 188 fi'^r ^^ dT (0 s3o|^ 818
_^_ f 16S. 187, 178, 176. s&atf 30 81*"'
182, Ibsl 257, 268. 269, 492, 688, 639. eeiae 740, 802. 824
10*9. 1066. 1058. 1068, 1069. 1062, , r o&*. i .o* tftforr-eo 181
1084. 1067, 1070, 1246 8 ^ r tftfoJnw , 8
176
tftforr-ea 180
I Siiooaoo 142 . w _ 000
L &&% Q&i5eo 833
138
.. . _ . 622
187, 140, 188, 206, 906. 908.
929, 968, 1116
i j n ^Oo n ^5 f o otj
tftfo^ Dfitfciabo 136 * otf ~ -iStoitr 728
i * *a Soflb i\r*^C55) j"*tf 12<iU
__ 18f 187 ab& TP-^AO 281, 816. 742, 848, 869, 800,
Q 68 ' 886, 1018
68 o^Sb 958, 960, 964
tfoto Bw^co 508 &egTr> ^c^&>o 147
762 764 tfo^oSS. S' woSb$)o 4S1
gg4 nCo^ sT^S5x) 822, 861, 856
64 "3* 381
862 "3teeo 488, 489, 440, 441, 444, 445, 447.
84 766, 768, 769
602, 608 , ' "3rt>*^ $?*# 768
229 " ' "BobtSbff^S^)^ nrocS:n30 602
228, 229
829
v*v apBoao -3^0^ tfotf lOflt -3e)orr*TT* 076, 6S6 ; 878^ 889, 1108
ssrcr aer'tfs 1006
1160
11SO
1 -3, 1228
3e> c*Scoeo 568, 691, 718 - . t Q 1A1
r> Tsr*5o3a 1^9, 144
752
18
3^ SoaSo5fc "Stoeo 441 ip-r wfc>& 26
"Se^S 3TTgSx> 626 $ocbifo* S" 64
"c 5 S" cfcjiScueG 652, 662 o3ao&3 ix> 1087
IIIS dji^co 751 $ o5oo<s J9 ^JQ ^5~O9 1087
c"S oSoo-cSi 1 54 ^iift Q (5o oUo
961, 984, 987
784
a F~ C f \ Q
1182 2_^*o bUtf
jfg y u -\jou* ^A" $ 19, 305, 824
^ 790. 846. 871, 876, 911, 9
1277
886, 9^8, 944. 1178, 1179, U81J
678, 679
138, 995, 1002 f 1014, 1024. e
1025,1026.1082.1057 ffo JB. 588. 787'
D "aosr^ T-tf^ 1025 tfctf-^gtfo^ 274. 777
744 rf tf ^ l^g- 881, 86 . 8 8, 881. 909
$4kc9 9i 2)i- 229 871
S> 9 481, 432, 488 tf Ara figSg'c^ ^r*rt:Sx> 86^
881 CAra CS^SJSw 898, 894, 10*1, 1006
008
79 Q
tf-r-cfSoo 109 111, 207
47. 48,811, 812
108, 109, 111, 217
69 ^ ^^ 7Q2
^ 825 ^^ ._ BO
l087 - iOSS ^^ ^Lafc 772
^vcw 179 "^^A d ' 000 202
iSSjj&oci>sS3i> }46. 834 ^_ ^ -..BT-F" *^-rfjfc QOK
I ^^^1 O ^ T3^o Q J * Oc/ OoO
tfj e3^8 172, 174 ^^ ^^^ g'gg^ ^g
148, 147, 208. 329. 880 a e8*S" e|T Ib^SxS" 20
168, 168 - Sttr^a 484. 1087
750, 787. 1107
_i f66 fi^Jkgr 1 ^ 752
280 e^a&u 8, '08, 118, 117
iS88
322, 690
1 fl 1 1QO ,-
10 S 2 * S^a Sr-tf^a ar^oSuS ".Gfltossu 64
129
188 efcga J84
65" > ;J icss5 -tfe^iSx} 849
|fiJ35 aStr** jSaj 198
o "*$" do t$ i fO *5oo 4
* L jtf oJ^|) 3rc 889
284, 885. 888, 887 ^^ stfra &as&J 18
88 iff&r ax> 197, IQS
OQ A.
oo4 r I'S^K'SK rftrt 1 * t(s 9flw Q1
[UJAj(pJo ovcJi iAo oO J> 17 1
407 , .xiw^o** ^.. 535
?4R
jtfsjj ^oSaiu 197
681
125 148, 168, 159, 171, 172, 178.
178, 998. 1084, 1086. 1067. ~ 174, 176, 176, 1168, 1168, 1174
1061, 1082, 1087, 1267, 126\ 1 69, ^gsto-^* ^
1S61 i cap tf-tfjtf 144
^ tr-f 14^, 146, 147, 161, 152, 168.
stfSbeo 877 168, 1"9, 160, 1*2, 164. '67, 168, 189,
128 . ^258 ^ 172 178, 206, 217, 848 f 874 ? b97,
s- 6 38S, 414 1017, 1018, 1023, 1026, 1026, 1042,
jK ^&o 267, 68, 259 1048. 1044, 1045, 1060, 1061, 1063,
8, H, 182 1064, 1069, 1116
1 ^Si5CTT^ WOcfSSbO 149
!OJ"5. 1088 LiSgTr- tftfg 17
l Q (^=5g "Sr sSoa 188. 182
467, 468 L 7 ^^ 748
(jrS5a^bo 246, 261, 266, 890
I "tar*D'*r v e) atf J^TT*orfi5ci2bo 889
Kfti. U DO m
1 - -^^ -^ ^-=s P"N KR7
ro eO U0 j 1> (
ft 888, 40, 409, 418, 437, 470,
** Oi ^ 481, 88
47 S
(?00b ft ^ rSo^SkT 1 *^ S)e)5JOO S16
J 81 a 5 r 17
69$ fljofeocfc ^oj/dS^cvSJbo 1253
1884
818 tf^tf *&&:&> 478. 476
48 l$o*$ I ^""OT^OO 216
1 QK 1 L JQ Q
loD, i^OO
C3
119 tfoS tftfotfifcueo 132, 186, 218, 808, 681.
ftTr-otfto 16 1281, 1238. 1246, 1246, 1247, 1249
561 #J3^ ^i-E^&o 18, 124
145 $g& f^sica&o 21 1 7 218
48
887. 404
en& S3b$eo 669
850 tfotftF 244
g5Q tfoQ "S*r5" 818
tffioe 3^"&fcco 719
827, 828 CO^GO 719
130 ^^(^a 9, 168, 169, 170. 171, 178, 808,
1222 484, 848, 995, 998, 997, 898, 1002,
120 1004, 1015, 1025, 1082, 1088, 1084,
1086. 1087. 1088, 10S9, 1040. 1041,
ftrr ^ I3l 1042, 1043. 1044, 1048-1061, 1064,
"^ 72 1058. 1057, 1084, 1088, 1069, 1071-1078,
11Q4 1075, 1088
jog ^flUIW, W0 13-" 9 <JXT" V 1049
541, 542, 645, 670. 622, 718. **\? wo*-^ a^tf o 985
611 ^~
AOrt *"**(" v ** w w ws|rf*A< luoy
614, 616: 617, 881. 726 ***-' "*** m5 ' 1W ' 7 ' ^
288
118S 1 1 fl" 7
tf<f aco^oo 82, 1038
1187
880. 871
tf&l $ 3tf :Sr*e> 998, 104C
880, 861, 864, 865 l "
1006
476 ^ r * e> T" 104 ,
971; 987 ss&S a-^ro 1084
827 Stftf B7r-^r 805, 806
972. 1008 Slew a-iri^a* infip
OMU w o* TC8OJO xUOo
(5
Jog ^
*'
1886
r 1085
788, 801 1107, 1108. 1114
(jTsfc-sfc** ^s 118
618. 698
167. 76,884, 847, 867,
862, 889. 870, 890, 891. 406 690, 748,
987 It 00. 1001, 1019. 1079, 1264-1268.
12*8
ljfoa ^Co^eo 240. 1265, 1287
16 -r-Sb> 2ft9
L <->
afi
tffl
tffi
1169
1169
820
801
468 981, 1100
101. 126. 127, 129, 160, in,
201. 8,6. 114? 1160
679
ia 828
o 268
692
7 68
187
140
, 1112
801
806
aBrtfn 802
SOI
981 986. 1098, 1120
* 804, 460
761
1028. 1082, 1105,
1167. 1161
cfc;
.S" 826
8^2-894, 528, 669
sri ^ci^oaCrco 892
691
892
646
649
inco 896
*o*>o 892. 898. 894, 527, 872
Sg^SS 896
561
401
898, 899, 41tt, 628^
646, 725
snA 2oj*ao 27
KT*A fl^r^tu 660
7r*A Sana5&o 721
sr-A a^ssSAJ 18 1 19. 645
689
892,186, 698
892, 898, 894
560
329
2_SbcfJO 670
1266
878
267
26. 258
766
766
672
JJ U61
-r* res irr"co 444
^Sr'-r" Sr' eo 444
686, 647. 728. 727
5ox> 1-71, 1216, 1267, 1258"
*
aa>to^ y 686
So^go 681, 686
tff * 682, 587
13g6
II
681. 580, 688. 687
229, 281. 881, 871, 89?, 908, 920.
1018, 1027, 1222
288
873, 873
828. 831
46
TO
408
765
1176, 1177
217
15, 224, 08, 309, 1019
95
a* Tm^F 1234,
ssg 785, 788
S41
!S6 t 180, 189
498
1198, 1194, 1196, 1220
810
CaniStfw 2, 50
1268
822
1084, 109fi, 1094, 1098
217, 219, 219
168
606,
856
819
atn^oCo S
1118
1160
120
48
228, 229, 248
480
948
J 62
5, 961. 1019
^r>cxx)c5 1126
CO
fctf ^Q^O' s^^c3 SgtfrS 424
S)5 ^c&<^e 8 ft 786, 750, 781. 799, 1104,
1105, 1106, 1107
ibtf ^Ob^e) ST^&oeo 1104
1008
744, 674. 968, 994, 1081,
1088
Jb&3 S2io3a^tf a;&n <p^ ^gS 480
ft 43 SolfceRttbo 389
fttf ^j^S-o- 1110. 1112
fcW s5tf?Tr Jgs5g 1111
fc ^cOo2Lr30 2
fco3o^ 167
fceo 198, 218, 809, 810, 819, 822,884,
866, 87, 889. 371 888, 889, 892, 480,
486, 446. 456, 644, 671, 701, 742, 7*0,
798 3 79, 884 ? 928, 969, 973, 990. 1002,
1110, 1113, 1116, 1122, 1126. 1127,
H28 f 1135, 1157, 1163, 1166. 1188,
1171, 1198, 1200, 1268
422, 483
291
469
1048
261, 262, 268, 264
846. 647. 624
1091
J274 1275, 1276. 1277, 1278, 1270,
1281, 1282
Aoaco 764, 1279^ 1280, 1281
1280
1281
1279
8
1064
SrgS 309. 1016, 1028, 1024., 1078
rS> 653
448
174, 1046, 1047. 1048, 1049,
1055. 1088, 1067. 1069, 1070
DCO 8
oj^co 822, 828, 881, 832, 888, 889,
1027, 1172
167
3o$ 580
580
529, 580, 588, 647
580
681. 582
gsSiljtf Oen^&o 629
826
dSb^^ 108
So 819
Tie) vco^go 979, 980
749
216, 245. 248, 260, 848, 889,
6, 1
112
1269
80
891, 1184, 1166, 1198
982, 963
964, 974, 976, 989
269
268, 269
239, 240
261
197. 198, 220; 228, 288, 289,
241. 243, 250, 254, 267. 268, 270 f 284,
808. 809, 822, 414
241
826
24, 219, 268, 267, 264
851, 879
^oeo 860
289
atf-oab (Eia^a^c5bo) 121, 188,
276, 497. 1067, 1070
. 727
184, 210
1084 5 1086, HOB
287, 310, 312, 495
282
fcS") 22 ; 255, 270,
804
" 'g' fi& 154
gj "
jj oa&r5Sotf ^T^CO 986
^ o&S" oej^boeo 149, 150
o&fT ed^r Co co 168
<-s ^
^oaoS" 289, 301
fi oooT wS5rco 280
*^ CD
148, 149, 150, 161, 168
489
" 811. 812. 84T, 849, 495
289
294, 589, 686, Ilg6
sDar-r 18, 17, 29, 49, 60, 182,
188. 145, 14,7, 148, 430, 93, 997, 1017,
1089
88, 126, 137. 149, 161,162,
169, 161, 162, 171, 172, 178, 221, 988,
996, 1076, 1S, 1178, 1176, 1178,
1178, 1181
liatf aiteca 989
1070, 1071
980 f 938
tf 988
1888
II
ieo * 182 * 168f 186 ' 168
276, 277, 621, 690, 681, 893
5fcr-gctfr'S~j~ 802, 978 3 979, 1114, 1229
648
' 489, 490, 498
1110
1284, 1286
#o&xfci3ctfx> St^sfcfco 1282
fflrvS&D 1282
732, 789, 806
248, 428, 868, 825, 1105, 1106
1109
4S2
oSb T^koi) 481
00, 742, 744, 781, 956, 985
j-0g- 768
SSofc "3)CE)Aatfc 743
1228
S)0a
o^8^A 742, 757
428, 429, 432, 441, 445, 741, 744,
749. 760, 760, 784, 785 t 980
741
766
296
8^ 428, 440, 602, 614, 745, 754,
777, 779
'ibo 702
o
2o& to esc 7CS
c^
426
707
bvcaba 704
705
706 j
> 70S
7; o, 774
706
ar-fibco 708
704, 705. 712
299, 579, 584 f 648, 649
482
320. 821. 889, '90, 898. *96, 427,
481, 4F2, 43,,, 434, 843. 982. 990. 992 f
994^ 1030. 1113
aex^ 554, 56j
^ 58, 7|4
42
422
1166
1086
132
788, 801, 802, 808. 807, 980
co 818
264
761
20
a 718
idsfco 408, 447
o 878, 429
H19
H14, 868, 858, 447
217
<P A
217, 218, 219
220
784
648
768, 769
acas So^oaLoeo 788
818
1178
40
tf^*sa,otfr*eo 81
"lotas' OefcgCfc-^tftf 1155
to^abo 148, 149. ISO, 151, 162,
118, 172. 988
"Son tf&o 03008^ tf^Stf 148
22, 184. 191, 193,
197
3tfab-cw itfao-cr'f 149
126, 171, 224
17, 221,
22, 804
943
802
180
291
127
128
22
224
6" aj- c*> % 4, 88, 126, 126, 127,
128, 129. ISO, 131, 182, 188. 184, 185,
187, 140, 141, 143, 189, 166, 111, 173,
176. 176, 177, 178, 182, 184, 196, 203,
218, 221, 223, 224, 225, 227, 229, 267,
267, 268, 291, 809, S64 f 884, 1000,
1001, 1040, 1084, 1120, 1123. 1163,
1178, 1174, 1175, 1176, U77, 1184.
1187. 1276
149
S" S)^gK5a 222
188
C3
152
19
126, 176, 222* 9S7
129
sae
101
225
880. 411, 418, 417
co 438, 489Tol8. 571, 691, 692
*bft>j. 275, 651. 706, 711, 712
108
175. If9
188
206, 980
996, 998
875
186, 206, 230, 908, 929. 980.
9827*848, 1028, 1086, 1178, 1244, 1260,
1266
tfcfcrr-x) 208, 213
13
544
619
$5 611
3-0-01 tfJ-* v!5bo 623
97, 103, 104, 217, 221, 224. 267-
401. 466
120, 121, 122, 123
208
608
19
1^*06, 1074, 1078
487
689
74, 75
24
1840-
II
6, 82
6
845
S56a 6 r^tf Motfbs&co 81
C9
aea_o'r;fco 210, 218
817
1249
1245
1161
1247
1247
1247
152, 164, 155, 298, 297, 2*9,
468, 601, 560, 7S8, 762. 786, s58, 9^8.
958 f 978, 987, 988. 990, 9^1 994, 1081,
1118. 1114, 1180, 1221, 1224, 1226,
1255, 1266, 1282, 1289
4, 118, 218
119
125, 1262, 2282
414
642, 648, 990
977
38
664
108
o 104
IOU9, 1011
724
812
980
1070
1234, 1285
1284
S5o
1124
1147,
bo 669 670
79*. 796
668
497
669
301, 771, 797
/^SJ-SS3*>o 678
678
670
711
714
680
102, lug, 106, 672, 678, 674, 676,
67B, 677, 678, 679, 680, 681. 701, 704,
711, 718, 714, 7 8, 722, 723, 726, 728,
729, 748, 771, 772, 782
crgao 668, 7i4, 115. 7 6, 717, 718
-^&JO 718. 719
o 674 711
Dotfr 671
) H88
229 f 246, 451, 826,852,
, 988
^x3aoo|tfJS3o 976, 993
761
296
691
682
825
59
101
166, 168, 171, 172, 178.
666
802
668
672
-*n>* fe>co 837
772
; SSbo 204 228, 811, 884, 1221
^JSJO 466
8U8
-545, 847
*r*0<*CO 8 8
276
'^ ~S6 66
0^pea^^bo 117
12
46. 1088
fij -tfeSo 1037
1186. 1195, 1209
i A'c^Soexj ^08
r ;-"SS5 X)ld 201
16
i8b. 167. 174
^ o 166
808
29
98, 298, 784, 804 6
M So 788
"B Jco 122
S5g6^Tr^tfraoDeo 9 8
o 1086
3
^"8^ 12
-B^<)^Q 1088, 1108
802
J 1148
1148
5" 156. 1Q08
sS" o^^go 688
6 9
492
49
827
J 881, 771
3o 720
632
169, 189, 996, 10^6, 1048. 1047,
1048, 1050. 10*4. 1069, 1M2. : L 61.
1066. 1088, 1088, 1072
1047
^abeaSw 1061
268
266
850
26, 252
262 t 265, 263
404
5
4S6
276
778
158
0, 81
2S9
10
12, 49, 9J
142, 162
^tro^ax> 142
ft of 1022
1270, 127S
0, 411, 418
409, 411, 412, 418, 418, 417. 800,
601
18
288, 278, 881, 40i f 47, 64,
6C7, 61 871, 898, 702, 777
ii
12, 74, 409, 418, 419. 420,
607. 681
T^sfcj 409. 418
712
611
o$ 605, 608
1206
c9 1205
621, 524, 696
rr-co 692
206
108
"3 1)^ SQ
892
easjO 68, 610, 1082
J>
616
"3 eb oco 589
* O
689
58S
Iff
198
611
12, 1082, 1090
372, 878
628, 830, 840, 955. 1274
itfJS oo&oitf&o 1283
4iO
608
69, 60
o 852
*>&$
164, 616, 588,
666, 657, 664, 685. 699, 604, 684, 660
ss3 fi^^co 447, 449, 460
686
826, 1082
2, 4
611
807, 312, 316, 821, 830,
888, 338, 342, 349, 855. 404, 417, 40
485, 466, 471, 478, 664, 804. 608
460
281
4
326, 327
1034
O 1090, 1091
511, 681
661
686
418
1. 418. 416
fgSx) 901
1086
sj)-cnci wlb r 6 ^ 576
q>
ae^fi" AS"^gocjabo 664
-cn^abo 664
521, 726, 727
26. 761, 762, 7?4
afT*S5o&S5:fco co 608
. l)BJS'caao 834, 886, 840
&B "lo^tftfsto 885
307, 600, 606, 607
fcwabo 410, 418. 416
726
5&L3I26, 582 t 667, 722, 728
%D-**S" 828
sb^ 822, 883
376. 578, 386. 887
881
803^ 804
784
181
127
676
577
1099
1095, 1096, 1098.
468
tfea 880,
81, 832
874
oifcs&ao 677 f 721, 722
802
767, 768 f 770, 786
216.4219, S446, 2RO, 262. 269.
790, 79*. 88'. 84^, 858, 859, 869. 881,
98 . 1161. 1164. 1165. 1285. 1280
M8 266
,262, 866, 8^0, 890, 998, 1114,
1184,
"S)g
841
746. 747
7g L"^txi 509, 619, 521, 528, 648, 590,
828. 836, 7^7. 728
S' ?^^5a> 7
q>
586, 646, 646, 648
691,
828
82, 80, 165, 278, 441, 461. 561,
670, 671, 6 2, 663, 676
820, 832
881
19 296 ,
17
osro 747
801
-o^tw 678
2i9
616
757, 780
' 80
668
1281
851
"Sco 652
602
721-
1140, 1141
S98
, 655
641
5" 9, 61
1072
Sr 28
f ^rr-es* 287
784
628
73F, 768, 759. 784, 1104. 1228
761
1169
759
1264
114. 2: n 9. 232. 2S8, 242. 248,
279. 08, 8^0, 414, 616, 617^ 846, 885,
871, 911. 984. 944
2_|jfcAx> 248. 288
228
239, 848
242, 243
289. 248, 899
18
692, 698
T78
II
679
773
248, 252
764
229
114S
16
828
1273
311
410
642
546
60T ' 665> 066f 659
365, 370. 7l. 378
s5-o-T3-ex> 121, 273, 296, 301. 377,
378, 404? 406, 407, 412, 448, 446, 478,
476, 490. 618, 687, 780, 078
613
778
684
*** s&SgSoo 127, 128, 129, 182, 186,
176, 178, 179, 182, 183. 184 5 192, 193.
194, 19b, 19*5, 208,207, 210,213, 827,
845, 468, 490, 493, 688. 689. 9U8, 926,
926, 945, 946, 1068, 1069, 1068, 1064,
1116, 1192, 1194, 1196, 1232, 1233,
1285, 1236, 1237, 1240, 12*2, 1244,
1245, 1246. 1248, 1249, 1260, 1267,
1268. 1260, 1261
tSs'oca 1237
"?6s'tf jttswr&a 1241
stfltftfw TT*TRS~ 1234
1007
129
22
sso
142
iS
itf
aj
-, S5v
263
728
405
833, 644
1099
442
416
451. 462, 455, 457, 581, 789, 794,
799, 821, 836. 933. 982. 984, 986, 990.
1081, 1116, 1147, 1176, 1176, 1286,
1286
825, 827, 828. 404
816
466
59
812, 814
466
3ooiTFQKx> 804
382, 440, 422, 446
293
646
1109
80
108, 122, 1086
121
680, 661
486
108
8S4. 840, 378. 497
1156
288. 285, 677
6B9 t 691
489. 490. 8 12 , SJ3o ^ jj-^tfcao 769
o 172, 178, 174 iSSotf rTr*tftfc SoS 051
211, 218 9
908 js^ao 605
.ineo 659 , ^*\v*<^ |Qg
**U !*;<*_ -,<-ff>.'<r^ 1)|
111
108. 109. 110 jW^B-tf tf tf irttf 559
Q "7
ip'&oc&slM 102, 121, 140, 141, 144
* i *5 3ooQo *3~*tf iSoo 52
118
102, 108, 104, 105- 106, 10T, ,2otfj-K 802
108, 111, 118, 119 ,_ ^_^^._ 9Q7
^^ [ Sjd3j^caTro-e5p'6' "S^jco 906, 906
1196 , v;^yv-^-r.-.. -rf^_. gno
^"^ , *<-*^> w' v_w'r-. CD
! - 894 - 89e , i75to.lf a. * ?7
| a) COJ^A r\J3p* ol
:&j 10
8, 5, 114, 126, 127, 187, 276,
89o .^^=_^ ^.^^. 1Q0 ^ 1Q1
SoS8 g" fioCSb^co 67
o -* ^ ^93, 295
60 ^^ 9?
491, 664 ^
73*. 764, 768, 782. 783, 784. 1,04 ^ 115 > 1?5 , 888. 997
67Q 1^56*3* L^ 6 ^^^ 1194 * 1195) 1196
154 |J3-s^^ CCSbg 1147, 1183, 1184
40^ ^*r:f s ) |So-qr?5 ^irjo 1101
Ann i 33 S* "Sr*^ ^^siTr 11 30 1288
^uu L. *
22$ (SXitfca <5^^-eo 566
601, 502, 04, b76 [f^ 602
12^2 . |j3*tf8rjSM 399, 1233
57 |3&*tf ljr iit SS^e' )i?~**Sfc)bo 1249
73 iSd^C^ e^tfort" oPjSi^^pSSw 207
78 iSjd^cr tftfotf&o 206
72, 73 > [J3^tf 2-^7^00 1250
855 |j5?d^cic8 213
792, 793, 807^ 812, 820, 966, 97* ^^^ 498
711 latrAo 625
1846
it
871,
\tr>f "I
86 1
fiojJDaQjS"
748
781
7
32
IbS, 167 e ill
189, 140, 141
1093, 1104, 1105
2_#g 3artfo 627
L>*6, 611. 512, 618, 741. 742,
9*78, 991, 992, 994,. 1000, 1169, 1178
108, 104, 105, 108
887
sag' 107, 108
947
129
59
404
870, 871, 90S, 9i 1. 912, 918
631
(jsrWa) 49
880
1188
98
592
r
54
I "Sag 1 7r(5bco 728
a 186. 188
216, 819. 893, 894, 580
95
i
J "l)ex)db
u
1069
168
, 268
1170
j^p-gd oaj45f g'ra&oco 861
, 2^2, 7T8, 779
864
1062
972
S^ 607, 608
88, 86, 12^, 14S, 149, 161, 168,
168, 119. 161, 187. 168, 171, 173, 178,
22 1, 222, 408, 1063, 1076, U68, 1178,
1176
813, 815
27, 2^8, 270, 271, 27 , 275. 280,
282, 2^8, 284, 287, 296, SOl, 810 822,
8^6, 48, 860, 852, 863. S^s, 36^, 860,
&63, 3^7, 870, 80. 899. 406, ^08. 488,
489, 448, 602, 818, 614, 785, 798
780
814
i^ ^ovrco 291
a5jaao 291
276, 81^, 815 822, 351
18
404
acw^o 810
189. 148
128
184, 189, 176
187
\ 745
w
280
818, 1086
e"
1274
f 24
460, 589, 590
o 258
828, 3
61
849
86?, 863, 358, 874
163
509 ? 524, 668, 567, 668, 659
g^ 657
761, 1016, 1016, 1078
124, 153
162, 153, 1178, 1181
17
840
818
671
49
717
409
830, 843, 380, 411, 412, .416^
418, 467, 471, 472, 478, 480
866 ? 876, 381, 403, 407, 418, 416,
427
17
8io
gg" 1276
864, 1276, 1277, 1278, 1281
"
16
use
198
1289
634
686
666, 666
611
188, 220, 808, 407, 414, 614
" 242
24, 289
627
144
- ^"^C 2_cf 26
20
s-^^j*8dSr* 448
47
802
14, 1281
676
252
100,
iso
875
lleo
817
882
77, 99
72
76
72, 74
182
296
T^OOCO 836, 886
14
124B, 1246
201
1348
r 1260 >
18 ' 118 rs^ 9B9 5>S
OoeSjOJuO^ 2joo, aS
i i^oDc* 88$, 416
L eoA-tfsfco 228. 2SO, 824, 8U, 868, 866,
*Jm.818 871 ' 1018
-"7^ ^o Borv^vt^aSw 821,822, 825. 828, 867,
421, 428
~"~ 89u, 960. 983
571, 624 Dorv-vwoi) 446
187, 138, 189, 169. 160. 182. 165, >""" 8l *
166,188,175,176.178 .0*^*00.802,806
-,-/j ooC^JS^ 8 202
1 loo
205
t 5>179 .0^^8.267,868
^-3^5 1087
ev< F ** *s^ on ta^cto o A^"3oSo6ji5jo 264
Jy'er'OGGS Jdo^i^Soj ov eo
& "^ p*
OQO C^J&SA)^ 5ooi<5c9 265
dyo ^ v.
1270, 1271
pfec
1 j AI ttVOOO (00
J. 4U J
3o 751
787
3o . 1188 acfl^l" 626
<p
238, 569, 502 ^^^ RNA 891
ui afi^co^ocu 692, 698
o
296 cg^fcoi .60
808, 1066. 1188, 1266
188, 1089. 1040 a-cr*j 774, 825
20 ue> tftr arJ3 -ai JOA> 916
294 ee> o^eo 16
, OQ /iQt " fiDV t ^ r a^ % ^ A^'cBeo 684
^o^, 4o i v eo
c^^ H87, 8a8 f 879, 911, 928
18 ^
JM 65 1^ 1 O J iJ ?5o J5 TT* CO 8^2
lo ej
862
620
83 Dfr^tfTT* laifioao 668
" , rr-S" 256 ^^ tf^a^ 469
J (V) **
<Sb 10^-4
i ^^ A
344
22, 80, 1228. 1269 atr^:^ sSrMj-tfJto 1268
1188, 1190
220, 617 fttr5fc 806, 608
I@49
w 848 V*&T* Broaje>5 1126
8 2, 882, 884, 386. 892, 408, irW 4 -'jc&' *e*tf-*r^Jfcj 44
At} l7O 1T*D6 < ' r *}OJ><53O 468
TV I 1 , ~ ' U
487 vow lU-jfi
412 iroQbfib "3^cjo 1068
119 m>oooe>cb 1126. 1126, 1127, 1128. 1129,
225 H8o. 1167, 1168, 1170
248 mff co 8> |5- JStf* 760
r ^ejijoco 403
X
5.s 112 ^ L _. ^ 1126
D^OC- ^Co?x 104 ^ ^ _ ^ g^g
tf&*0& liJ'B^J^ i*^-*, m ^__^ __ ggg
tfr>s:Soo 426, 429. 966, 961, 973, 974
11-06 .c ^ oyjfl ofto * np inK
1r(>rB^^^5^ S6o, SDO, ofo, *uo
869 92 -K fl98
TJ~--JO o^V
, 486
ir-I^bcsaoS 277, 73, 280, .87, --18, 816. ^^ *3^;52uj 692
866, a! 48', 486 440. 44^, 468 ^^ ^^^ 4f - 9> 410
IT*! ioSj- 2^6. S79 28 f % 28&, 29* 29^,
29 5 299, 822. &4.0. ?-61 f -5--, 489. ^8,
496, 64,4, 611. 982, 992, 993 ^^ sr^tfoo 847
ej t> u w
_ 612 Do&>3$)^ ^^^) 69
*^ a
1^80 2)o^SbJj)o anoJbfi^^ 64
ir*A 80 Doi3b5$)co 99
co 707, 709 Doa) ^D-t> JT^?5 69
709 CAooJbssS" 248
7lO DcSo^x : ^7S
708 B-.-iSwco 1009, 1010, 1012, 1026
7s 7 &&$&*&} 897, 401
i 7Q7 &fr***:Sbo 465
707, 708, 710 fcartdtfoSx) (esfrSg" 79
587 t)83^.^sSoo (ipr*c&Q&) 42, 47, 60 ? 72
t)*Lrto$ 600, 6Q6, 606
1860
II
401
659
60
600, 606
64, 57
48
Xjcr'S'a^tfSbo 78
ftif tfrif 1382. 1285
Jfcofi
1284
160
ft AT- StfcaJfco 152
6^ 20
fcs^S" 229, 243, 73 1 ( 825. 862. 857, 860,
885, 871, 872, 982, 1258
co^^&o 148, 1014, 1018, 1017, 1018
1078
848
460, 462, 489
S/teo 445, 757
626
o>
SStfrf S5oa^5 1169
ej e ni
908
g" 288
1C9, 110, 111
111
98, 109. 110
726
1042
S5fl<&co 103
26
745
626, 661, 662, 6 a 6
fr* &>&
664
660, 668, 864
680, 662
61
80S, 804
17, 247-249, 281
15
60
829
"36 8)63oS" 17
3^" 824
Bej.6 172
-SS" 802
120
156. 170
o oS8 68 t
14
812
" tfss^f 66
136
B_^S" 26, 256
14, 19
1101
1188
S29
OCoSbS 844
1084
181, 164, 165, 187
1178
3 5", srS 1287
250, 802, 803, 804, 806, 860,
1065
526
163, 165, 269. 824, 88 l p 868, 869,
920. 1118, 1161, 1166. 1189. 1172,
1178, 1176, 1200, 1265, 1266
462
1157
sr'otfo^ 506,512, 518, 607,
741, 951, 964, 978. 978, 988, 1000, 1008,
1179
800 jD^ST 206, 294, 875. 982
667 jfcfipS"" POSTS' & 1181
920 | k D'35''*80. 482
SScea 920 tvrxztT 709, 776
671, 6-4, 1110 ^<r 28
a^ 54Q nStotx) use
I 33 fi" 1144, 1145
*64 . ,evrwe" gO
!* 9 ir-r^iF 1045, 1068, 1070, 1071
cr>
127 ' 12 ^r ^t
29, 184, 141
^eso 128 '
ir^S S5"9N^ 22
186, 203, 239, 742, 988, l:?65 t
1272
A - US' 209
'4 1 *"**
.- "Si^ "3j^y 880
"* 188 5-4*8.4*7
j '
167
472 g
164
962 <SKSx> 804
ar-(o ei ^leworaM 1094
4f ^S 284
a lSJ 1098 ^tfTT-jj--*) 818
8 187. 8^5 1242 tfgg a^aSa, 8, 1083
T f *> " JF""sr \ "Br^ooooOb 1128 ^ ^^ 1091 1092
^ 27 tf^o-Sw 1091. 10**, 1116
3 f 27
I. 317
^, * 82^, 828, 964 2gg
jQ74, 1078 ^^ *^ ^
irtf A5kiD 1 166
168 v
22 g ir0ai)aao 1178
O va^l i vw,
708 778 777 vtfS ie)"F*^ft)S>\ )Jb^>" 1260
1863
n
oeo 857
fitf 866
868
826
8, 168, 229, 262, 421, 422^
423, 424, 425, 612, 825, 626, 668, 681,
708, 7^0, 784, 750, 770, 796, 799. 803,
804, 05, 806, 823, 826, 827, 828, 829,
850. 863, 855, 866, 859, 868, 889, 871,
896, 907, 915, 916, 920, 942, 949, 960,
982,964, 984, 1082, 1061, UOf. 1110,
1114, 1117, 1118, 1129, 1149, 1157,
1161, 1256, 1258, 128i, 1282
867
-(3l>3 825
850
L5fr.Sr.rfs- 3o3 1092, 1118
SoS 1149
889, 890, 942
9-51
T-^ 904
1199
6*^^^ ^0X3 786, 7S7
812
g'-cr-eo 158
fc A 881
<P
629
118
1187
241, 242
164, 2S9, 494. 616, 818, 748,
1284, 1265, 1268
1266, 1288
822
802
974
864
157 ; 848,
897
esctfb^otf abo^g'S.^&o 899.
/ 765
904, 906, 928,
NS 1117
^aLw 928. 929, 980
^CS 902, 903, 904, 90t
930
902, 906
876
(^o 1116
r^&o 1116
865, 907, 909,98^, 1110, 1117,
1118
788, 787
948
12
912
847, 848, 849, 894 3 1OO2
1104, 1124
1083
1080
886
811
820 f 821, 421,789, 81S, 884,
788, 789. 794, 79T, 801,
807, 811. 8i7. 848, 1086
928, 928. 1083
879
878
1220
611
63 ^tf fivotftf tkjrf (5ir"^>
926
(2 Q
84,7
1854 JJe'fSfiSiS' II
1100
626> 627 sfcodTr. 828, 827
626, 628, 627 ^ 874> 981
^ sfcotf g'io tffix> 241
^as S56?STreo 797, 798 tibofibo tfo3j*8 1285, 1286 1283
v-^&o 219 &>uttto 24, fi84, 585, 1282, 1286, 1286,
'ti*, 1289 1287
588
9, 11, 16, 20, 102, 124,
1 J5b3) S5& CTO 821
125, 126, 186, 187, 188, 140, 148, 148, _
5bo\e ttex>A "64
146, 168, 219- 279, 801, 802, 631, gig
1076, 1081, 1084 . F ^ V Q49 '
125, 128 ^btf^b Kr*o 70
T^eSj^^^ 844. 897 abcS^pS" 826
^8 g'^'ca&u 845 JSbtfb ^-IboCoiSboco 295
A
644, 845 3b8b sSbofioejo 20, 8ll
n An o5bc$ \O3^ 1 U~ 88 61
e? T! | ^0^^
w 92g ^b^sb 789, 808, 804, 86P, 1129, 1161
647 t 608, 609. 818, 777
928
843
&>$& gtf fioj 585 686
456 - %3680
849, 685 K^n , v<75f 990 701 32i ( Qgg^ ggj^
885 854, 860, 871, 1268
^ 914 iSo#o;i) ir*?5j 5)^rS) |o5*fr*tfstoo 1247
909, 912, 918 sfctfg "Sotfdb 647
ia-5r"S^o 909, 910-912 &#g oaSo^Sbo 9
910 sfcccjtfg'o *S\eatfooeo 866
ca
863
244
^ 896
882, 918, 916, 948 *>*** ^(g)* **, 808
Sbasfcgeo ,-30,322, 389,840, 425,600,
131 606. H26, 1217
151 K _ n ^ Kft ,
UOJJ "oT^vCpOCO 000
1003
^ ''W abCtiSoo 400
/>r\7 _ ^ _, _ , t-rti
OU i fSbOO OmC9S>3Oi> 6U4
1856
614, 615, 778
616
599
764
891, 545
774
Sfce DStf tf 595
801
605
275,276, 687,628, 645,891,
806, 983
276
276, 641, 646, 611, 623, 646,
690. 705, 808
846
647
680
282
822, 823, 830, 881, 888,
1028
827
803
802, 804, 806
731. 739, 821, 825, 861, 868,
859. 88. 1108
^sj&o 720
228 231, 280, 268, 414, 616,
742 824, 8S1. 882, 869, 871, 1285
609
fceo 17, 288, 804. 390, 495, 640,
648, S&T, 554. 690, 607. 671, 687,696,
701, 704 727, 970, 1274, 1281
688. 701
140
138, 134, 135, 187, 1188
184
874 s 917
207
887. 839
1167, 1298
"Sf 1292
612
409
142
abo 188
v^fi 140
140
Q
fCr>tfa;5o 191, 192
74
480
-Oil ^otf^ 8 ^ fcgtfo flabco 816
788
816
812, 818
-^ajo 789 ? 811, 812, 818
(">*) ^UT-CO 788, 811, 812, 818,
816, 816, 818, 825
985
1282
98
rf T-^Sbj 811
18 a 20. 717, 811
1289
4 r 2, 438, 410, 447. 462, 4S5,
467, 487, 497. 499, 711, 712, 714, 716,
719 f 730, 78 ? 744, 788^ 790, 791, 794.
796, 797, 807, 809. 872, 874, 958, 9b6 ?
978, 9tO, 982 98-^, 986. 992, 984. 99o,
977, 10u4, 1007. 1009, 1080^ 1078,
1098, U07, 1113, 1114, 1115, 1120,
1147, 1182, 1261, 1282
*re>o 490
828
6i
1368
II
686
880
26
562
660
299, 648, 661, S62
51
sfaba 14
115. 118
754
8l
810
2 1018
4 1020
8 1020
s$F 7 1030
S" 942
S" "Sto- \!b 76
~
tftf 44., 69
" aer 284
Q
788
261
1S5
61
99
728
600. 801, 602, 807
28ei r 742. 1266
408
423
1014
802, 961
618
418
418
10
768
So vS" 16. 167, 168
24, 526, 1021, 1023, 1024, 1266 9
148
68
Co -B-S" ftTr-otf^xj 169
r*> Q
So ^" o&oitfsfco 1141
Co SX)doC6 tf tforr-oo 179
CO
So 5", ^S" 809, 415
CO
780
240, 243
281
215, 2^7, 228 2SO f 281,
1125, 1288, 1290
fcodo U17, 1-19. 1222
6
51
1097
149, 1B6, 158, 169, 160. 182,
168, 164, 165, 186, 167
149
414
681, S84, 685, 688 > 587
1288, 1289
1288
o|jj Scf^Sb >#;$ 1288
219 t 8^8, 800
784
100
sfcug aba^o 284
18S7
789
844
990, 991
f e?*o$ 1111
fci3 ^tttfo 1088
183
. -3, 804, 492
668
826
58
625, 699, 601
688
641
604, 606
619, 525. 606
co 6^50, 662
535
563
653
, 89, 390, 891, 401.
> 614, 516, 519 f 620, 524, 648,149,
560, 651, 668, 563, 664, 666. 591, 605,
636, 658. 728
fcorf -sr^e 650, 688
660, 652
616
560
889, 649, 660, 651, 568, 663, 656
^&o 624
606, 615, 697, 698
616. 624
i rf i3-0(^beo 663, 599
id So-3 641
^d ^cfas5) ^joSbco 660
Br*f o&ttu 61&, 568, 6(6,
789
6S7
8, 660
661, 561, 666
158
126, 162. 171. 185, 186, 188,
189, 216, 219, 220, 221, 2^4, 225, 239,
2 0. 288, 288, 236, 246, 864, 365, 670.
876, 933, 986, 948, 985, 981, 1044.
1076, 1269, 1288
219
221
CO
652
i ^-sr-ocx) 642
64, 638
659
676
1144, 1274
602
1239
1273
g'co 824, 829
gT^^ 1089
ar*o&o 444
631
17
84.4, 466. 4*6, 467. 469
465
466. 470
w 844, 466, 466
1078
846
229
21
1271
SB!
1818
229, 281, 289, 288. 808, 870,
4i4, 616, 617, 865, 1067, 1265
ntf^ko 288
1290
738, 744
> 786
788
510
"s-oA" snsS) 678
Tr-Sj.5" 942
645, 647
j
831
18, 272, 281, 808, 894, 395, 896,
399, 441, 5Q, 507. 513, 529. 30, 640,
642, 564, 686, 667, 568, 605, 609, 629,
641, 648
"SotfCJo TT*&3 30 647
% 642
277, 586, 621, 649
46
"SoBST* ^T"^eo 686
fcO
15
14
660
629, 584
961
610, 715, 801
18
922
958, 1008, 1100
164
826, 869
175, 176, 177. 184
25
-g ess
606
697
O
302
824. 832
15
185
186, 136, 175, 176
280
439, 443
fo^&o 963
611
-5-0^03^ 289, 351, 35, 854, 865 f
37], 401, 402, 471. 496
828
1082
50
204
421
723
Be^eo 508
826, 341, 422, 431, 442, 704.
788. 715, 787, 761, 775, 784
312, 318, 314. 316, 817,823,
326, 327, 328, 380, 331, 886, 888, 839.'
340, 845, 346, 361, 864. 366, 357, 368,
364, 366, 866. 367,349, 870, 375, 878.
877. 878, 379, 380, 382, 883, 384. 886,
887, 888, 397, 403,406. 409, 411, 415,
421. 422, 423, 426. 428, 429, 430, 482.
435, 488, 441, 443. 444, 446, 447, 451.
462 t 463, 455. 469, 460, 461, 4(33, 486,
467, 439, 470. 549, 742, 743, 744, 751 t
767, 985, 946, 967, 992, 1264, 1266,
1274
j3TT-Tre> adf) 374
884
664
"300(543 "Sotf* 4 tftf)^ sr'o&iao 539
oSStf^cjJbo tfifcj < ara$eo 539
818. 815
662
768, 758
718, llll
847
907
1107
408, 404, 406
724
190
, 1181
1229
S" 611
486
844, S46, 880, 484,
^ 143, 145
761
716
1126
497
849
182
104, 760,790, 1188. 1140, 1142,
1H8, 1146, 1149, ll4 r 1116, 1169.
1168, 1170,1197, 1226, 1228, 1227,1286.
1280, 1283
^o"38sr T^^^bo 1119
g3ca&>eo 800, 632
- -3 (X - Ray) 633, 657, 962, 1290
o&e -&& 64
*
S3e&r*cao 1038, 1041, 1043
1076, 1076
. fc ^S"\ 477
ej w
3 1 1 12
164, 988, 1184
SETT'S" 849
ac^j-^r^ 299, 01, 676, 577, 652,
676, 679, 696, 699, 705
tj^Tr-eg 278
99
oCar-o ^7^-
136
s eca-o ^js;^^ 8^6
O q>
1200, 1211
^fijj 1290
_fl 8o7, 1121, 1122, 1128, 1,24,
1182, 1151. 1166, 1168, 1164
r ^ v^sSoo 11, 12, 124, 140, 145,
146, 147, 1090, 1092
^L?oooS" 568
116, 117
99
107
i06, 118
100, lOl
103
118
gtf n>fib o^Js? 113
116
188, 143, 166, 208, 207, 218,
490. 1188, 1218
149 1 168, 168
I860
II
79
o 467, 4S6
45, 48, 64
l3aS~^ 109
cGoo, fi. 868
"3oL&otfn 1034
1015, 1023, 1078
StfTT-e 12
151. 64^, 790, 845, 971, 875,
984, 985, 936 ? 5348, 944, 1176. 1178,
1178, 1180, 1181
fcoeo 851
~ 50, 51, 61
fic&S' 363'Tr'oo 62, 58
43
64
84
148
^o 65
115
812
es'S^'o 222
e^^&o 221
801
610. 611,802, 808,819, 977,
1114
890 891
j
58
289, 241, 244, 245, 390, 891,
1287, 1288
1239
1278
. S09
152
812
141
119
j 800, 601, 604, 605, 60?
S-56, 860, 382, S68, 869, 878,
31, S86, 440
61
ai3-Tpco 284, 466
<P A
1241
261
216, 868, 1264
809
26, 878, 617
*r3)co 881
cf^o 448, 460. 618, 618. 628, 586, 689,
545, 6^8. 560, 562. 554, 556.667. 569,'
b62, 568, 687. 599, 649, 665, 718, 779,
880
u Jf {ftx-co 891, 602
tf f r^tfsfcoeo 616
712. 71S
679
672
502, 608, 530 ? 572, 575, 641,
648, 676, 728
i ^ooo<? -sng<5bo 556
499, 598, 779
A-fibo 699
677. 607
tf jf^SStfca =5no3b ^J^^ 512
tf jf jjSSJtfra 5jo<a)&M 626
tf Jf (jasjtfttaaa 18j 510, 611, 618, 562,
6UO, 658. 661
tf J'^as^ff SSoo^e^oo 724
682
1861
105 660
25, 289,549, 660,652, 687,
601, 809, 618
tf jf :5ooe>:$u 889
tf sf tftfstoex) 691
* A
tf jf-ar:r*!b DBJJJS&O 721
tf S^tp&co 660
4
tf Sf 3"3x5tf5fco 564. 690
tfjf X5o^T0 r^tfJfcu^L ko^' 00 685
tf Jf |j^aa 566, 568, 666, 58f , 694,
60S, 6b6, 778
tf jffctf 401
tfjf Sr-rftf 6&8 : 59, 608
o'^ JLratf 644
ef&sf ??&^JiM 278
c^tr rsstfaoo 1178
^_ 1212, 1216, 1217
114, 125, 161, 162
118
eo 24, 26 ? 27. 2S3, 745, 784
tf fc^ aoioco 1108
1107. 1108, 1109, 1166
163, 114. 155
^^feo&Sfco 1174
1178, 1174. 1175, 1181
229 3 250, 804, 951 ? 998, 1094,
1114, 1167
SGo 681
1041, 1043
15, 218, 221, 224, 225,
227, 236. 261, 266, 280, 295,297, 07,
868*, 869, S61, E83, 384, 664, 762
iSoaoco 238, 252
816.
223, 268- 288, 290
419
868, 480
218
9, 16, 125, 215, 217,
218, 219, 288, 295, 801, 681
^^PCO 221
280
487
O
867, 388, 786
17
24, 97, 100, 114, 288.
743, 745, 747, 768, 977, 1284, 1265
^n^o 886
597, 682, 6S4 687
^-sngcb 114
3-crejfcoo 275, 276. 298, 801,
<P
808
^tfg 285
250
760
^co 8G2
126
-^^tf^^3 984
808
884, 864. 885
1221
15, 335, 682, 878
786
122
21, 88. 157. 288, 302, 574, 778.
ro
1181
1129, 1156. 1176
\
822
228, 229, 231, 289, 288, 616, 742,
824, 881, 882, 884, 858, 869, 880. 865,
88S, 920, 921. 933, 938. 1018, 1184.
1187 1192, 1208, 1266, 1288
518, 570, 868
881, 862
1099
It
428, 668, 685 3 781 f 825. 828, fl&Hf /ssfi^tftf&o 72
851, 858. 669, 860, 871, 984.^ 1258 6:5b-" iSfi^tf^sSto .iss^r-Tr-orat^otfaSba 74
1105 SoouS" - &5*^E -yoijfco i097, 1098
740 floGold~ jJr^^T "\<T ~B"o| li-W fj5bo 1096
22, 136, 203, 207, 208, 210, 211, ^^ ^ 1021
SIS. 21A. 877, 942), 946, 946, 9^, 968 Ca-*$S~$<fc 127
la9, 1288, 1234, 1*86, 1286 > 1260 ttrotffi %& Soj*sr> 127
(3
209 CfcrOSe^s 6t H'98
118 tfrd-otftf (; b- J) 836 889
28 Ccr^otftf te3o 889, 880
t)tfsj) i5o"^^ 1098 Or*S)(ioQbo 846
873, 878 CcnS"^r- 244
858, 869 &%,*(? 62t 53 '
o r>fl ** \
228, 714 188. 10&0. 206, 4*1, 808 952
9
69 "Brtoo^"^!^ Sj*~di r tx> 770
776 Sd5 rt '3"^ 288
-* r*: 811 -erf^ 629. 630, 688
299, 628 -brf-T* e^n-eo 684
381. 1172 ^g" .c,ac&S> 796
CO
887 -9^5 26
S02 ^co 682
'^oto 8*4. 878, 964 ^ VQU 1Q78
1088 "tw* ^Ctfo 157
5 , "3^ ioo 167, 1088
21( J. ^0 -3^, ^c5 tf v-^abo 42, 99
6 L, gexj ^ 4 - '^^ "3fr (jaid^oaoo 1289
8^ii&> gT7o^&o 128 3 i9 "64^20^!$ -Oit" 8 ^ tw 816
8<S ^AC 76J -9^0 Stf ao^o 1064
cs T ca
Co 1123, 1124, 1178, 1T9, 1180, ^^o ^oeas& 184
^* "3fio3b& 688, 642, 948
148 ~3&oo I Oca Coo eo (n-:Sr- l^o&oto) 688
68 ^SoQoq 08\ 597 t 682, 687
1863
664
638
295, 449. 491, 492, 493, 688
7jg$ 804
(s"3o<5~) 13_tfg:i 682, 634
87, 125. 188, 1221, 1237, 1241,
1248, 1251. 12S9
^" 1241, 1260
1069
158, 154, 155, 806,
498, 494
1287
196
1086
T-^J&D 1060
2oo 22, 18^ 1057,
1068, 1060, 1062, 1084, 1065. 1067,
1070
^X5&o 22
*
185 } 186^ 173, 174,
176, 178, 179, 194, 207. 218, 1000."
1080, 1065, 1058. 1059, 1060, 1062,
1063, 1064, 1067, 1229, 1238, 1285,
12S6
579
&rtftfe>:fceo 998, 1080, 1061, 1067
sD^^ 6 ^) 149. 162, 370 f
911. 9J6
162
186
16, 139, 166, 805, 870,
873, 885, 934, 986. 989, 967
eo 842
44, 845, 876
s-cr-tfjfco 186, 1128
871, 911, 988,
980, 98,4
869
342, 643, 878
152
642
984, 947
1062
1244
1281, 1245
C& 945
1068
1062, 1068
642
12
1060, 1082
802
18, 14
2_bco 428, 674, 730, 736, 737. 741,
765, 763, 769, 770
2_tf* to(j5 -ff-^Sbo 439 (-2SJ*. 2.^ Jfo*g
F es^a&w'l
C" CO I
(SNA.] 847, 495
408
363, 85, S70, 371, 401,
1127
1084
471, 619
_eo
113, 164
1097, 1098, 1099
to 1109
tftfon-co 929, 980
652
1286
^^ (Sgc&o) 839* 668, 664, 1286
r^s 544
294, 305
498
1864
II
8"*
575
1181
no9
457, 629, 681, 1229, 1286. 1242,
1244
er*<r!b
> 628
467
21 188, 190, 628
188
629
881
21, 209, 628. 1116
21
/o 627, 881
9
i^-S'co 610
543
505
905
SOS, 802, 9T8, 1114
206
9
268
o 751
825
$ 668
104
681
763
19
^3\o
906
749. 978
870, 8^8, 891, 664, 671, 706,
742, 748, 920. 1167
-3 185
17
118
726
644
596
662
1128
841
Sfe-sngca 127
66, 114, 116
168
-,r 6io
99
bU8
166
860
198. 870
812
5" s 6" 611
416
687, 688
1278
144
c^9, 547
144
841, 727, 728
612. 1012
^cfi<T^ 802
trS s^S* 69
Oort tfe^S 690
Do* JDo^oaoaw 476, 477, 482, 488
to* 252J 190
1886
II
828
-sr-o&eo 270, 549,
804
tftforveo 9S1
997, 998, 1004
688, 684
875
182. 126, 906, 908, 929, 980,
982
882, 858
218, 824, 882, 868
^&eo 882
761, 788
CO
682, 687, 588
452
739, 790, 792, 798, 872, 873, 874, -
882, 941, 942, 943, 1128, 1160. 1200
983
j 463
&&co 421
&i^^ ^otf^cs 461, 463
aajjnrco 451, 672, 990
462, 453
823
429, 480
288 1
960
6 97, 881, 412, 498, 870, 788, 7316, 762,
766, 760, 785
5~j r 3?S' cc6o(jrco 1188
tf 48
59
A
58?
tf
167
487, 499
268
182, 184. 1048. 1050, 1038,
1069, 1072, 1078
D^aSibj 148
Cp
XfcR^tf ^-cr-^CT&o 142
13, 182
997, 1023, 1026, 1089. 1040,
1043, 10S5, 1056, 1064, 1070
"S^co 1068
1085, 1036
C9
^o 981, 992
5tf 3-&j 428, 431. 828, 855, 956, 967,
^60, 981, 975, 1104, 1105
1091
55 ioew 1 106
SScoCo A3o^ 1196
723
913
27
27
1092
666
1101
1100
117 ..
T9T
r 0^o3j TT-^fiw 1094
)S5bo co 8
tfCSfco f Emetics') 586
v y
-sr-ofi ae^^r&oco 686
694. 696
612
68
itfabo 1268
X
CO
719
206
1168, 1167
1197
sni? Suii& 1197
22. 847 495, 497
L
fiFe>
495, 496
208
6PO
1094
1094
1068
*virto 969
i/c $Pjtf 678
429
7
Ui2, 1156
964
958
427, 428, 429, 482, 448, 462
466 469 50^. 848 964. 966. 99, 984,
98 1 998, 999 1000, 1008. 1022, 1092,
1113. 1115. 144, 1171. 1234, 1243,
1247, 1265. 1*86. 1288,
967. 968
102, 184, 427, 482,
94&, 950. 952, 959. 960
3o<K**p>eo 950. 852, 966
999
It
oj 957, 979. 986, 989, HIS
728
1218, 1214, '217
1125
5 C 6. 687
, 961, 1173
61
zncttw &> &e3&io 863, 958, 969, 960, 981 f
978, 9d6, 987 988, lOQQ
1109
944
166, 197, 198, 199, LOO, 205, 224
CTu-^ejo 157
i^ O&'gf to|tf&ueo 1122
246, 802
?aw 918, 919
400,401, 402.408, 404,406,
407, 40S 409, 668. 574. 598
*!* SojjfsfcwSx. 400
8
287
78. (281, 1269
=r*eo
;/f 472
1047
187
f 1129
gS" 228
228
201
202, 203
1127, 1129
961
a> 62
62, 861
61
201, 208
I'rf 801
202, 208
1282
Q
200,201,202,1154, 1235. 1246,
1246. 1247. 1:48
1107, 1108
506
664 .
1368
168
166
830
861, 664
134. 174
SEftf ca S>TT*o#:iD 168, 169
X O
oc&tfo 68
a& ?^&o 804
304
126, 127. 134, 140. 156, 169. 174,
175, 176, 177, 184, 804, 805, 400,428,
629. 899, 938, 937, 955, 957, 1026, 1060,
1088, 1C64, 1065, 1070, 10:6, 1210
DStfra * 172, 21T, 230
Sfitfei to *J 835
987
795
117-4
112, 118, 114, 118
831, 852, 864, 1028, 1110, 1246
1248, 1260
tftf
* 7r
28
26
'tf 28
38
97, 197, 216, 216, S06, 628,
w^o^nexs)
27
21
d 615
^ 640, 616
"8 81o
& 274. 296, 574, 815
S> 296, 540, 664
12 669
318
540
-S 660
Jb 296, 297, 574, 618
21^288,270. 273, 274, 282,
288. 296, 297. 372, 414, 442, 481,640,
636, 68, 554 665, 676, 602, 607, 818,
615, 871, 696, 701, 706, 727, 775. 777,
778 9 779, 760, 798, 1274, 1286
S* 16
' 1238
12
656
886, 385, 376, 877, 331, 403,
7o7, 408, 412, 422 f 42*. 427, 429, 448,
444, 446, 446, 489, 748, 759, 769, 760,
761
879
800
CO CO
611
158
886 418
6T4
787
779, 780
n
802
269
j 133 3 153, 158, 802, 672, 922,
, 994, 1129, 1147, 1148, 1162. 1154,
1155, 1166, 1163, 1181, 1172, 1180,
1188, 1191, 1197 - 1199, 1202, 1814,
1221, 1224
&*$ 1160
18
99
1146
e>s>5$r-8^raoeo 1206 1207
aejfco 1186. 1187, 1188, 1189-
lF90,'ll91, 1194,1197, 1198,1200,1302,
1210, 1211, 1214
1168
1148, 1163, 1160, Il68, 1164,
iTei. 1171, 1172, 1180, 1192, 1196, l01
1206
esbgf 193. 196, 200, 780, 885. 1187,
1192, 1193, 1216, 1222, 1238 1240,
1243. 1247, 1266
875
14
f SMS 1149. 1224
1226
1219
309
Stfbrlf
Scbgf* "So^jfcj 1123, l'60 f 1162, 1200,
1207, 1211
1187
177, 180, 181, 187, 2QO-
. 924, 1248, 1249
2;300 200
999, 1164
604
o 12l8 ( 1217
1S6. 186, 188 3 210, 213
1192, 1220, 1281
r_^ 200
gr5 1195, 1214
so 1202
1159
874
Ofibg
1212
16, 186. 04, 876
1154, 1188. 1184. 1185. liw *
1169, 1198, 1195, 11Mf 11BT ;
1506. 1207, 1208, 1210, I212 f
1220, 1221, 1281, 1249 *
221
1207
1212
186. 1185, 12Q6.
1212. J213
^\aca 1205
1196
180
1212
1196, 1200^ 1200 9 1811,
1211. 112, ISM
186, 280; 1205.
1224
^ficoo 1256
fgsss 1135
_^ 14,199, 1120, 1121, ma,
1124. 1182
StfbgS" fSj 1160, 1199, 1208, 1206 , 1207 S
1219. 1221
SDCfrgd ^^TT- 1145, 1SCO. 1202, IfOfi.
1205, 1206
9, 1198
1201
SDBbgo ?^otSr 2g^iu 1147. 1149
tr-od&oew 1149. 11S2
12:02, 1S03
Xtytfweo 207, 907. 944
1221
944 9 1160, 1162
124
187
II
tftfon-*eo 4, 127, 188,
184, 136, 136, 175. 179, 180, 208. 945,
1242, 1248, 1246
tfo&tf^otf tftfS5bo3o 160
ao&s^otf SStfSbeo 924, 926, 1186,
1187
tf\s5 1171, 1172
Sfiog tfcfcj_otf [tcra 1154, 1166
S3<b;Sx> 267, 943
o tfd&d^otf 3^ sgs 132
tfotfd^o*s$M 126, 885, 920, 1280,
1257
139
1150, 11S8
196. 926, 927,
948, 1189, 1198
CbgcSbtf^J 1106, 1121,1148, 1149, 1160,
1151, iTeS.. 1U7, 1158, 1159, 1162,
1164, 1171, 1172 1178. 1178, H79,
1188, 1184, 1188, Il99 f 1224. 1226
SigcSbTr^a ^ojtftfw 1152, 1198. 1201,
1202, 1214
802
1193, 1220, 1222, 1248,
1247
Sjasfaeo 1214, 1216
187
290, 1216, 219, 1220, 1221
StfSbeo 921, 924, 926,
164
126, 127, 180, 184, 148,
149, 158, 159, 160, 184, 168, 172, 213,
221, 222, 227, 230
940, 1160, 1162 g
1221
1200
1217, 1219
1208, 1204. 12u8
18
921, 922
180,187,1188, 1187, 1190,
1191, 1192, 1198
2?^s$) 948
287^ 1198, 1202, 1212
229
1187
189
875, 1146
204, 1145
180
1187
1197
80
288
345
1101
1099, 1100, 1101
&o 1229
1148
1218
ir-^ 782
- ooco
i9, 1226
281
447, 6S5
80
g-caene)^o 876, 877, 407. 408, 414
524
98
^ 876
Stf o&o 419
tf 661
*oJn3nr*eo 818
190, 209, 877. 886, 1122
^ 1087. 1088
U81
1371
1084 arjfitfa S5er*#$x> 157, 168
91T ' 918 ' 019 a*jj*w*eo 168, 158, 169, 182, 168,
D 954 172, 291
485
S^fcQjft 126
o 21 j 4
)* Q*5'a~*tf'S5bo 1014
18 ' 28T arjawjo 41. 169
1281 " ~-tfcj 1074, 1075, 1078
819, 858, 854, 865, 886 ar Q a^ 174
1074
D1A " WW Q
CU4 _ S ., ggg
688 _ .... 7U
156 -" , 625
OOCj a\ *^ ^* ^r n -j> .s^j*-f KOj
* 44 '- 625
5 . 4
u SiloSoccfiortSeio 467 470
841, 848 ^_ JA .J S nu
fin
a^.t)S5^o 626
490, 491 ^^^^ _ ^_._. 3g0
S45, 479, 480 ^*^. 898>
i DoO *i^m e- -fl ., p=- ppri
1058 Ojjro 1245, 1246, 1247
137, 188 ^t^_ ^ Q ^ ^^^ 1245
1260
ipco L.
S) S3c a Ib'o^o^JSbo 740
1041 a^* a^riQ 106
^^S^OA 1228 Oc^tfsjfco 1247. 1248
1260
14
1SP7 ~
l ^ { a^fetf ^ofix) 262. 980, 984t 987
[18* n
824 5)Sbcw 18
^'1 bootf'caSjo 608
2-6, 821, 888,868,881,889, fe^g^ $ 606
10 7, 1028, 1250 !Ws$x> 683. 729
l |L3e r 'tfs-rj! e 921, 922 !>S~&> 466
1 -~i& v SjT3-otf^oo 14Sj 144, 146, 146 S&^ G^^iixj 640
201, 206. 386 $\ 156
118, 115, 280 S5v; ^csfiw 615
1 ft V
y> 167 - ^6^^558 (ACo^co 668
1873
"3 tfS"
"3
769
-*o&>co 628
^
673, 577. 678. 579, 580
819. 820, 321, 326. 827, 28,
1. 419
61
822, 824
49
1197
149. 166, 158, 184
200, 808, 1148, 1187, 1195, 1199,
1100, 1202. 1204, 1206, 1207. 1208,
121 l f 12i8. 1214, 1228, 1249
642
18, 187, 188
JTeaSbo 119, 160, 172
186
165
a-'
r)0^
, 1196
258
S5o3 v ^o 640, 6*1
768
v^r 762
782
784, 789
106
tfort> >5^)
782
760
7S4, 786
785
760
770
769
789
7, 162, 164. 462. 456, 497,
730, 782, 784, 7^8, 744, 75i p 167, 768,
782, 784, 797, 799, 953, 969, 990, 992,
1081, 1098. 1098, 1228. 1264
P 91, 294, 800, 427,
o s 731. 769 3 7^6. 80 1, 886, 977, 1198
,Ea 766
686, 740, 741
738
740
T&O 780
sr
g$
785
]98, 875. 397, 398, 399
x) 718
^-ew 699
427
Jl^ 274, 444, 688, 690
567
215
gtfbex. 274, 278, 281 , 404, 436. 444,
446, 461. 4ft2, 640^ 699, 604, 806, 600.
618, 619. 668 4 674, 705, 761, 1111
;087
769
1014
1009
680
789
r^ 126, 128, 146, 160, 152, 158. 178,
176, 178. 180. 188, 188, 198, 1^4, 196,
ii8, 201, 218. 217, 222. 267, 289, 278 f
1874
ii
279 2S7, 289, 828. 356, 857. S6&, 860,
368, 890,405, 428, 793, 1152,1163.
1174
* wctftfiiu 206
r iTr-ytt 1120
943, 947
507
578
1174
oao&Sfco 302
860
201, 202
428
217. 218. 856
1120
357
368
205
ig&u 139
139
[o3(Jo3oco 153
143
180. 175, 176, I9o, 201, 202,
208, 206
203
^to 161, 1186, 1198, 1194, 1195, 1200,
1206, 1216, 1216
vg^J5bo 1187
o;fcj 280, 803
f 8 2# rBP^^c&Soa 61
IffSSfco &09, 1015, 1022, 1028, 1078
foo 145
o
973
728
no
401
449, 472
678
721
20, 529, 6^4, 568, 668. 689 f
672, 573. 675, b77, 578, 684. 688, 638,
589. 592, 93, 595, 598. 597, 599. 611,
633, 684, 687, 638, 648, 654, 657, 658,
859. 660. 665, 666, 677, 678, 679, 680,
716. 720
v*TFOo&cnjc 568
100, 101
69
o 5* 80
882
vflc**' T^^,O 962
388
b 719, 720
1086
216
216
884. 886, 887, 839, 844, 849. 862 f
863 f 866, 874, 879, 885, 888, 910, 986,
946. 1010
C2
840
35, 814, 89, 840, 841, 842, 848,
844, 845 V
840
913,916
T-^&O 1088, 1084
886
837, 847
840, 848, 860
635
982
662
a-cp-o^oo 992
cp
447
318, 322, 861, 422, |482, 487.
4S8 440. 441, 442, 448, 445," 498, 619,
622
60
546
679
449, 4-0, 464, 666. 690. 698, 6 8,
80i, 802, 604. 614
vS<& *rfs- 22
687
634, 1171
423
3 142
1171
197, 198, 199, 1179
o&CO 1106
frw^-eSM 982, 969 f 1006
7*2, 799, 968
481, 819. 820. 82S, 828, <M8,
n. 964, 956, 96',, 9o7, 989
aoo<2er*eo 961, 9/4
rwco 89-, 418. 481, 463. 464, 4^2,
478. 474, 476, 478. 479, 480
478
476, 477
1014. 1016, 1018. 1077, 1078
1007
46, 47, 58
o 344
147, 183, 188, 182, 195, 204, 307
A^u^tf 198
1 io^S" 161
185, 186, 1S28
160
e>g&o 8S8
8B7. 898
S, 816,
669
676
[tf (5Sbo 617
157. 129, 1S9, 140. 1S4, 19?. 206,
218
1S8, 1040, 1048. 1060
seo 517, US
572
517, 518
"Io l jre3o S80
161
181
210, 211
681
6o
ca dCb { vco 686
^g 5 530
tiOO
824. ^32, 8ES. B64, 863, 6fi9
747 % 942, 96. 3^ 1QSO
.f sfr^o "Scb&> 1080
1167, 1161
62
652
699, 601, 808, 60S
571
667
604
16
668 357 t 863, 869, 861. S84,
876, 428. 510. 611. 518, 584
2)T7"^o 611
:^ Atft JSoB^o 612;
1876
ii
612
12
720
728, 986
91, 528. 128
Tn*g- 606. 651, 664, 728
610, 611
657
^ 802
802, 1114
16
F 117
<u
1058
843
71
134, 188, 140
stbg'<5cSbo 141
205
lisa
cS
r*a 694
*^_s 771
675, 77S
S5ort-cr-o 787
a ^7re3o 768
469
463
882
266
26
ssbo 1228
f 397. 898. 199
569, 570. 676^ 6SJ
b66
48
?d&>XigX)J 72
o 1289
1207, 1214
100, ^07, 217, 218, 219
764
1196, 1196
1108
878
SoSr
1195
1107
818
Q C3
^
6
674, 684
S04. 205
929, 930
931
108
1008
1212, 1218
928
197. 198
286
vjjoko ?do^>o 181
1007
108
109
972. 973
667
1029
1027, 1028, 1080,
1031, 1082
;5r> aj*r<g|jten a^^ ax> (1980)
1027, 1028
-^06 flc>e3aco 22
64
48, 99, 100, 101, 108
1377
101 $&&&> 316
99 3* 412. 670, 733. 767. 761
3
;v *r3tf 98, 102 3<bS\ #2x> 344, 346
1104
|V frcno#;5bj 98, 99, 100, 102, 117 $&* Xti&ncx tfSxrw 180
rao 84,0 ^Stf ^*>eo l0 t 132
!, 418, 445, 467. ar oJztaSx* 130
471. 477
s3-crTro 17, 215, 219, 220, 3r*?)t;jjr 3eoi5 1276
Q
221, 227 x S5s5tf 623
JO^T** I)e3&o 844, S45, 66, 461, 466, tf S56 ^33^00 1034
466, 487. 4^9, 470, 472, 478, 484, 485 sFetf^ooofi" 3e>o 62?
soj asjjras U78
C\f\C\ _
^80, 290. 160 jCjSo-^e a -%w- SStfo 916
229 r55c"*c* !^2iSSbo 48
L 244 Josbitf wtap S*o' Soirioaao 672
StfSbao 219, 282
Q
219, 253, 265 SSbtfe&o 814
) 22 3S5bv|8 897. 982
8, 1033 SJfc&n'jQTr.iHtfo 780
3^0 ;5b;$QoooS;Sbo J^o tf\Jx 582
e)ej
7 ^cfloitfjao 467, 470
24, 27 ;5b o5r*3sS)o3o ao^^lw 225
228 5 236, 860, 862, 856, 449 SSfooaj^wSaafcfca 2i7
215 ^2aDo^T ^^jeo 481
842, 844 ^^Domejo 482, 483
8 2 4 ^SbS^ajsSco SS3, 884, 883 t 837 f 342, 412.
341, 323. 3S6, 889, 894, 471, 472. 473, 476
899, 431 - sfc"3tf tfcSbB'&oeo 162
&k&o 1087 ^ablS^ix^ ^^rycco 423
S&ls*;! sSbocTcabo 827, 384 % 408, 466, 974
C* 9
279 . , jasfclaw 60
1873 a^SAfc^ II
108, 107 a^tf^eo 287
101 3oOb<0" tfofaco 282
3 3o"tf&x> 789 eft ar 1 ^ fcr* 3(6
204, 206, 105, 1176, 1178 Soaj-Co^ ^5^689
49 3cDa-*;5LU 774
52 #~ wCiSGo rA 1058
1 O fl O ^ J? "d <* \ * % v ^ A 1 1
ldUd rOO W500^ iOOtJ^R) Oil ^
SSe>oCiro 189, 19Q ^S" ir-ajS" SS Tr-iS* 1234
9 ^6" e^eaS" "3:!f 8ll
73 x &" &*&*" -cr-5 687
^ a
o#eo 111 s6~ ^o'5) "3D<i" 1188
89 J\5^ Jr*"n~i !T^SNO 210
s5G<? i veo 940 ^tf^TT' ^01 6 aj-tf&x> lir'8, 199, 1200,
aco 339 1214
863 R5tft 6-5~*ti\^ o3T*fl T^CJO 882
941, 942 ' HI
N @ 940 X5TT^8 102, 104, 106
t)
_ _ ^ A v QoQ QQO D^Q
989 94J c\jo?o\5j*co oww, ooop 040
866 869 til3$o&tf 69
970 toCAj^^ej ^BJSQJ
940 #tf^ A"$ 26
1181 se^tf iB 182
948 a*a *&**<*
j3^ 111, 1087
568 ^^ ^S^sSoo 1088
SjoSboi ZT'C^ JG GSOO 968 ^O^gJttt SO6 919
868, 940, 941, 949, 958, 966, 3"3^r- OT^S&O 914
96., 970, 973, 974, 976, 991,1084. 8 -flij *>*> 1087
1100, 1234 ^3 S ) "o^-^r^A S" 738
1144 jS'SjoOboCSo ^r<3o ^><^i!SDto 1087
Q ^
62 S"3^oa> ^ 1086
1144 afiff
220 270 308,
276. 8" 7. 278
22
26
261
b
21
10
, 240, 248
, 803
-sr-gS 6 9 s 864
611
g 5^S_c a 447
io - ra 789, 741, 761. 756, 982
ffdfcca -CJ^ 65
tf&et S^Soex) 751
770
767
787. 768 769
80
^02, 20S
124
12174
tfa^S" 264
ar ooca 790, 792, 793, 794, 798, 799,
800. 1089
2-50, 2F1, 886,918, 914. 915,
lUiO. 1164, Ii8fi. 1266
-^ooabo_r X) ^geo 73
, 45
44, 845
107
880
"Sfi^T i7g p 180
827
822
1282
878
4tJ
21, 11SO 12^4
8S. 7 84, 7 2, ^7
1098. 1119
97, 98
115, 116
18
. 10S, 108
103, 104, 10-=>, 108 107
97
116
67, 97, 98, 99, 1CS. 138,
112, 122
-* 80^, 810
^ 807, 808. STB 310
T*^C 8U9
88, 267
544
797. 798
o 970
; 929
760
I860
14
749
1101
781
654
384
411
1142
142
148
148, 145, 146
^S] 21, SO, 43,
H7, 197, 10&2, 1074
101
100, 101
1075
. 697
<*r
r^oo 191
104, 106 3 117
7
SSI
161,
20, 275
88
108, 104
61
^97. 393
i:r 15
45
1286
1083, 1070
876 f 877, 983, 944
48
244
828
850
613
20
S>, 4. "Sofi oS" 477
CO
a. o. r<r 1022
165
S). 63. e3<T. Oe^ST 168
859
810
430
841
\j
409, 886, 441
65, 498
D 618
^&o 1094
217, S21
219, 282, 2S4, 286, 286, 866,
1224, 1270. 1272
802, 826
495
1289
1270, 1274
ef^&j 1270
&
511, SIS, 617, 624, 626, 725
170, 171
719
1881
21. 188, 202, 203, 289, 280,
808, 865, 871. 908, 1260
232, 285
wA 530, 32
eg?o 232
26
619
1081, 1082. 1085, 1059,
1093, 111-5, HIT
. vco 1082
12-54
o
349
469
194
195, 196
185
759
488
3.28
10
228 5 881. 882, 843, 846, 868. 859.
o 597
752
147
824, S89 t 848, 844, 864,
858, 859, 879, 92&, 984,
tf^sta 2S2, 238, 1013
&>7S 381 883, 443
<p 3 f
774
1110
812
9. 609. 612, 719
, 545, 6T6, 706 t 718
489
77*0(5000 830
0, 274, 275 t 279, 286, 294, 295 f
297, 808. 432, 4S4, 440, 442, 448, 460,
482, 490, 464, 502, 60S, 564, 548, 570.
57j, 577, 811, 619, 8^2, 6*9, 651, 668.
662, 659, 709, 718, 749, 980, 1110
183
V^aj) 22
o&o r vco IS 4
21, 179, 180 9 182, 183, 184
^6j ^ar-5 ^SPi^j^j 163
o2, 17], SC'J. g7,
, 661, 7GO ( Ti7
477
s5oo 188
481
co 481
409
814
876
208, 210
843
980
J5 603
is 241* 242
^9, 1089
1158
, 1124
999
18
08, 1021
e, 688,
1882
II
*'&**& 89, 216, 2S& 296, 308, 67,
486, 444. egg. 741. 776, 79^. 957, 960,
967, 971, 972, 974, 988, 1120, 1243,
1289
459
8, 9. 133, 14?. 148, 153, 169,
19;, 228, 09. 363, 789, 848, 892, 899,
900, 901, 944, 97l, 978, 974, 9*6, 993,
999, 1000, 1001, 100V, 1003, 100S,
1*06, 1007 3 1010, 1011, 1014, 1015.
H'18, 1018 1020, 1024, 1026,' 1026.
1028, If 29, K-80. 1081. ,082, 1033.
10-36, 1088, 10S7 5 1088, 1040, 1041,
1042, U,4S. 1046, 106 1. 1068, 1067,
1068, 1060, 1064, 1087 3 1068, 1070,
1071, 1072, 1077, 1079' 1058, 1151,
1156, 12:8
147
18
1016
598
2S6, 288
o 395
cxa
136
5" 198
1008
8b4, 366, 471
S87, gg, 841
668
588
272
626
24, 248, 264, 284, 269, 284
co 254
54
15
441,
748
24
. 448
184
889
-a dS" 289
" A T4
881, 38:, 408. 416
286
106
278, 586
844
1194
929
876
sfiM 1088
861, 882, 1084, 1160. 1162
1281
156, 218. 221, 224, 229. 282.
281. 308, 616, 617, 866, 1050. 1181
1281
218. 224, 226,
268
^(3o 248
206. 210, 212. 218,214
211
210. 21
128, 129, 201
128
>" 825. 1256
128U
799
fi" 5> eg
664, 1014, 1016, 1024, &&^ tarotfJfc> 894
102&, 1027, 1048 -as^-Softg- 22
1 07 w' n O1
J. O cOofij fD^"U"^ j)C35oO ft "HT^ rv^ CO Ol
(9
' L -r
10 d^7p>otf tftf:\o 603
ern _ -
00 (^rj^o^t'ca oST'olSfiSSbo 872
^ ft Sffl iPtfrfco 51
1018 fte,, ^j 18 , S57
274, 574, 778 |* ^Tsi6. .248, 1219
. fs ^ 2 ^ ftfi*J 1158
7 88, 812 allo;9l
Oo^c^o 811 fte ^^ 906
812, 818, 814, 816, 818, 1087 fta^sf tfoctf&oco 847
^4 eg" IJ^ITS 60 a 6 ^ 3g . aocr-scaeo 928
^ *& ft 8^-a^ * ft 253
188S
900
*cA$ OO wwu>otj
CeJCO Ow eij'ajJljOO ol*
e -^
Sc^Sr* 1089 ^o ScS^-c^^abj 145
a3^c 480 S5erg'^8 Sij^xjco 868
38, 89, ^90, 789. 790, 817, 974, ;57*\a SCP'^OI ^eo 816
! l 50 ^2>^os&)o 897 S 898
8 jfr*;5j ^oifo 1004
00 ^^^ j^sS ^o^T i 2 *r*^-siDo !38
129 ft 8 ^^.co 264
19, 268^78, 287, ?64 ^ 0&gf lgj 1U? ^ U69| n88> H84
, ^ ft tf a^oirtfjg' aoo 224
84e - 47e - 48 SNOCS &Tnojs 1116. HI?
231, 1289 s , oS ^^g- 206> 20 7
^- - f^^ 1 ^ l ' >"* N^*^ w UO
1041 ^Aotf "3<5"o3o^ ^tforr^tDo 207, 209
tj i 9 *
129 ^^g 1 tc 218
< o Ooo *< v Ht? tta* ff M __W- it 1 Q9
i O O(7 u P^ \ vJS TO II QOCu^O O Lv&
1884 $&$&&$ II
46 tf^oSoo [ S5e rf #g' ar#o&oeo 554
876
180, 162, 184 33 tf tfes 587
1 A < v *^\ i^K' PI Q D ft Q fi ' "> ft flOC
1 u u rOQO aJfcjS c/OQ. O<0c*i Utjt'< Out
142, 188 JSgtftfoK e^tfsfco 848
" 19 ^^ itftfo 1039
Q.o | OoU <0 v. Q * *
328 ^JS^" ^ oci) ^~^ 1^11
808 *J r ^ tf 7rgo3cro 79
187 * ) JS s '. tf a<!5e " i00 - 1 2
^__^ v
201, 202, 836 ^JS" 38 " 8S1 > 876 . 1167 H 6 1
^(5,1 686 "^S^ 5 I ^o$oco 680
S 183, 194, 196 3 S ctf L 3o& 24, 240
IS "3$tf;52fco 219
760
8
1221, 1222 *lr$? 1068
ifj>S STrcaooeo 368 [ijp^ofi" 118
boo Lr4ii f o^O" j\5T^*5o3o5JSx) co 806
c*> V^^y gj
"S)S" i r*aS' CJb 87 (Aj Btfftr*^ o^sSjJboco 804
CO lu. J CO >Zx
"" 659
l7fi ^^i Sj)0o2x &3?5'CT^25o3o25iSjoe/6 r * 'ST'g^bexi 808
63? (^} ^OO^L fcei^o e'oooosf 806, 607
Boaj-^g) 1181 ^ feesg'CT&o 334, 886, 336, 340, 411
105 ^ ftaiabo 800, 608
"^ (Aj ^o"o9crK IbejtfSfco 410, 413
Q j^&o 844 iSTS 0350 98] " 4
1232
128 ^gr* gjag" 278
p U_3~ S86 * 4S4f L^! 15 '* 812
863
f, 820, 858
895
1C52. 1063, 1051, 1073 M^^ 433, 12, *34 826, 827,
107?, Iu74. 1076 28. 852. 863, 867, 964, 970, 111?
3** Sr-Tr^fcir 807. 8*0
si
^ * * Sr^S^&sSr* 460
1265 fr**3r"S)g>otfr 486, 487
852, 855, 3c6 fr*u-SoS" 1157
Opg e-
888, 851 !j,e* 1129
825 li06 !p>o3oS 15, 168, 158, 178, 197 198, 199,
224, 250, 308, 809, 1051, jOSS. 1040,
1044, 1179,
SnDcOoo ~oiJ^^bo 1S5
i3 ., J . 744 j^ris
o **-
270, 280, 2S8, 289* 296. 299, tf^*bfr.o-tf5$ a^Saik* 865
01, 78, 8SL, S86, S87, 403, 403. 6^8, ^ r *j.i r &o 660, 666
585, 547, 548, 674, 300, 616, 619, 843, *$&*&* a&-itf^a>5 668
651, 656, 65b, 659, 682. 743 frtf*^ *.& 665
684
720
^ 18, 463, 7i7 tf^tfoab&o 803, 521
20 S
662
s n
1C7 nro
Jj'xii)^ fiT*aLaboeo ^67
"B. S). ctf>" 309, 811 ^^'jSSM 661, 862, 7^6
178 a^^/raw 60S, 616
811
571 - " s^A~ L S ^^ 8e2
826, 868, 960, 93S, ^>xfii 826
654 -=VT,.-^ VN^A^VW =? ^g
^^' 7 ^ "2r-S" c^5" t O^A-S"^ ^J&5" 346
, 610, 612. 71 6,719 7r..g. ^^ff 325^
fiv *^ 3?Q 718 2x^ - . ^ t 8^ .rW^xS" 845
1886
H
1078
tr-S".
476
&S' IS
U83
1034
72
917, 922
JT 61
602
649
1058, 1233
592
162
2r!) tsooo^" 247, 248
27
263. 288, 666 3 563
448
1100
1187
1100
1279
810
15, 129, 141, 184, 197, 198,
218, 220, 221, 22S, 226, 228, 241, 246.
252, 287, 288, 270, 271, 279, 282, 08,
809. T-22, 364. 385, 497 t 614, 742, 908
-oi^sS" S^-dfz 226
L <r>*
264
189, 140, 141
139
6S6, 7g9, 779, 808, 821, 881,
8&0, 691, 914, 981, 932, 998, 997, 998,
1039, 1028. 1085. 1110, 1112, 1113
7 JDS" SoEftf sr*foeo 463
728
188, 140
610, 613
519
188, 187^ 168. 202, 208
1247
1248, 1250
884, 386, 387
247, 250, 252
1220
