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GIFT OF THE

GOVERNMENT
OF THE UNITED STATES

VIOLATIONS OF STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL REGULA-
TIONS AND PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES
IN THE UNITED STATES

PART. 3

HEARINGS

BEFORE THE

COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIYITIE8
HOUSE OE REPRESENTATIVES

EIGHTY-EIGHTH CONGRESS

FIRST SESSION

SEPTEMBER 12 AND 13, 1903
INCLUDING INDEX

Printed for the use of tlie
Committee ou Un-American Activities

f.'ARV,"':^ COLLEGE L!? ;■ ^ "

DEPOSITED m THE
UNITK) STATES GOVERNMENT

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
98 76.1 WASHINGTON : 1963

COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES
United States House of REPKESENTATrvES

EDWIN B. WILLIS, Louisiana, Chairman

WILLIAM M. TUCK, Virginia AUGUST B. JOHANSEN, Michigan

JOE R. POOL, Texas DONALD C. BRUCE, Indiana

RICHARD H. ICHORD, Missouri HENRY C. SCHADEBERG, Wisconsin

GEORGE F. SENNER, JB., Arizona JOHN M. ASHBROOK, Ohio

Francis J. McNamara, Director

Frank S. Tavenner, Jr., Oeneral Counael

Alfred M. Nittlb, Counsel

CONTENTS

Page

Synopsis 651

September 12, 1963: Testimony of—

Barry Hoffman 664

Afternoon session :

Public session 702

Executive session:

Levi Lee Laub 704

Phillip Abbott Luce 705

Catherine Jo Prensky 706

Larry Wilford Phelps 708

Wen'die Suzuko Nakashima Rosen 709

Public session resumed:

Levi Lee Laub 711

September 13, 1963: Testimony of—

Phillip Abbott Luce 738

Afternoon session:

Wendie Suzuko Nakashima Rosen 758

Catherine Jo Prensky 773

Larry Wilford Phelps 780

Index i

Public Laav 601, 79th Congress

The legislation under which the House Committee on Un-American
Activities operates is Public Law 601, 79th Congress [1946] ; 60 Stat.
812, which provides :

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United l^tates
of America in Congress assemhled, * * *

PART 2— RULES OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

Rule X

SEC. 121. STANDING COMMITTEES

17. Committee on Un-American Activities, to consist of nine Members.

Rule XI

POWERS AND DUTIES OF COMMITTEES
*******

(q) (1) Committee on Un-American Activities.

(A) Un-American activities.

(2) The Committee on Un-American ActiA^ties, as a whole or by subcommit-
tee, is authorized to make from time to time investigations of (i) the extent,
character, and objects of un-American propaganda activities in the United States,
(ii) the diffusion within the United States of subversive and un-American propa-
ganda that is instigated from foreign countries or of a domestic origin and attacks
the principle of the form of government as guaranteed by our Constitution, and
(iii) all other questions in relation thereto that would aid Congress in any
necessary remedial legislation.

The Committee on Un-American Activities shall report to the House (or to the
Clerk of the House if the House is not in session) the results of any such investi-
gation, together with such recommendations as it deems advisable.

For the purpose of any such investigation, the Committee on Un-American
Activities, or any subcommittee thereof, is authorized to sit and act at such
times and places within the United States, whether or not the House is sitting,
has recessed, or has adjourned, to hold such hearings, to require the attendance
of such witnesses and the production of such books, papers, and documents, and
to take such testimony, as it deems necessary. Subpenas may be issued under
the signature of the chairman of the committee or any subcommittee, or by any
member designated by any such chairman, and may be served by any person
designated by any such chairman or member.

*******

Rule XII

LEGISLATIVE OVERSIGHT BY STANDING COMMITTEES

Sec. 136. To assist the Congress in appraising the administration of the laws
and in developing such amendments or related legislation as it may deem neces-
sary, each standing committee of the Senate and the House of Representatives
shall exercise continuous watchfulness of the execution by the administrative
agencies concerned of any laws, the subject matter of which is within the jurisdic-
tion of such committee ; and, for that purpose, shall study all pertinent reports
and data submitted to the Congress by the agencies in the executive branch of
the Government.

RULES ADOPTED BY THE 88TH CONGRESS

House Resolution 5, January 9, 19(53
* * * * m m

Rule X

STANDING COMMITTEES

1. There sball be elected by tbe House, at tbe commencement of eacb Congress,
*******

(r) Committee on Un-American Activities, to consist of nine Members.

*******

Rule XI

POWERS AND DUTIES OF COMMITTEES

18. Committee on Un-American Activities.

(a) Un-American activities.

(b) Tlie Committee on Un-American Activities, as a wliole or by subcommittee,
is authorized to make from time to time investigations of (1) the extent, char-
acter, and objects of un-American propaganda activities in the United States,
(2) the dilfusion within the United States of subversive and un-American prop-
aganda that is instigated from foreign countries or of a domestic origin and
attaelvs the principle of the form of government as guaranteed by our Constitu-
tion, and (3) all other questions in relation thereto that would aid Congress
in any necessary remedial legislation.

The Committee on Un-American Activities shall report to the House (or to the
Clerk of the House if the House is not in session) tlie results of any siieh investi-
gation, together with such recommendations as it deems advisable.

For the purpose of any such investigation, the Committee on Un-American
Activities, or any subcommittee thereof, is authorized to sit and act at such times
and places within the United States, whether or not the House is sitting, has
recessed, or has adjourned, to hold such hearings, to require the attendance
of such witnesses and the production of such books, papers, and documents, and
to take such testimony, as it deems necessary. Subpenas may be issued under
the signature of the chairman of the committee or any subcommittee, or by any
member designated by any such chairman, and may be served by any person
designated by any such chairman or member.

*******

27. To assist the House in appraising the administration of the laws and in
developing such amendments or related legislation as it may deem necessary,
each standing committee of the House shall exercise continuous watchfulness
of the execution by the administrative agencies concerned of any laws, the subject
matter of which is within the jurisdiction of such committee; and, for that
purpose, shall study all pertinent reports and data submitted to the House by
the agencies in the executive branch of the Government.

SYNOPSIS

The committee's hearings on viohitions of State Department regula-
tions banning travel to Cuba Avithout specially validated passports
were continued in AVashington, D.C, on September 12 and 13, 1963.
On these dates the subcommittee heard 6 of the 58 U.S. students and
youths who spent nearly 2 months in Cuba during the summer of 1963
despite specific and repeated State Department warnings that their
unauthorized trip could result in fines and imprisonment.

The first witness was Barry Hofl'man, a 26-year-old realtor of Brook-
line, Mass. Hoffman testified he had made the trip as an observer of
the student group only after informing both the Federal Bureau of
Investigation and the Central Intelligence Agency of the purpose of
his participation.

Following is a summary of Mr. Hoffman's testimony :

In December 1962 Hoffman read articles in several Boston news-
papers about a group of so-called U.S. students who planned to travel
to Cuba. He telephoned Anatol Schlosser in New York City and ex-
pressed an interest in the trip. Schlosser had been described by the
newspapers as a spokesman for the student group's organizing com-
mittee.

Hoffman received a letter, dated December 14, 1962, from Schlosser,
who said he had just been notified by the State Department that willful
violation of the travel ban was punishable by a $5.0(10 fine and/or im-
prisonment of not more than 5 years. Schlosser added, however, that
this was not going to deter the group from making the trip and he
hoped Ploffman would join them.

After receiving Schlosser's letter, Hoffman contacted representa-
tives of the FBI and the CIA and notified them of tlie purpose of his
association with the student group. He also oifered to cooperate in
any way he could with these agencies.

The trip to Cuba, scheduled for December 1962, was postponed when
the Canadian Government refused to allow the U.S. "students" to carry
out their plan to be picked up in Canada by a Cuban airplane.

Hoffman exchanged several more telephone calls with Schlosser
before receiving a letter from him dated May 15, 1063, in which it was
stated the trip had been rescheduled for July. Enclosed with the letter
were an application blank and a memorandum explaining possible
legal difficulties which might result for those making the trip. The
letter also informed Hoffman that a representative of the Permanent
Student Committee for Travel to Cuba (the organizational name of
the group) would be in Boston soon.

Hoffman returned his completed application to the student commit-
tee along with the requested $10 deposit.

In a letter dated June 15, 1963, Levi Laub of tlie Permanent Student
Committee for Travel to Cuba notified Hoffman that arrangements for
the latter's taking part in the trip had been made. Laul:* said Hoffman
should be in New York City by "the 24th" and asked that he get in

651

652 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

touch with the PSCTC immediately at telephone number GR 7-8396,
New York City.

Ploffman was away from home at the time Laub's letter arrived and
did not see it until some days later. lie had not replied to it when,
on the morning of June 24, he received a telephone call from Laub,
who said Hotfman would have to be in Xew York that afternoon if he
were going on the trip to Cuba.

Hotlman flew to New York on tlie afternoon of June 24 and tele-
phoned the PSCTC office. He was instructed to go to the apartment
of Miss Ellen Shallit. There he was introduced to Salvatore Cucchi-
ari, who, he was told, would be his group leader during the trip. At
this time, Hoffman also paid the $90 balance due on the total $100 cost
of his participation in the trip. He subsequently learned that some of
those who went to Cuba did not pay anything.

The next morning, as histructed, Hoffman returned to Miss Shallit's
apartment, where he was informed by Cucchiari the trip would begin
that afternoon. Hoffman was also told, along with others who met at
Miss Shallit's apartment on June 25, to proceed to the East Side Ter-
minal in New York City to receive flight tickets and further informa-
tion. Younger persons were advised to dress in older style clothes so
that they would not look like students when they arrived at the airport.
The people who met at Miss Shallit's apartment were instructed to
leave the building in small groups so as not to attract undue attention.

At the East Side Terminal, Hoffman was surprised to receive flight
rickets to London and Paris. He had assumed that the trip would
somehow be made to Cuba through Caiiada.

Hoffman and the ''students" he joined at the air])ort departed for
London on a BOAC plane.

When Hoffman left New York, he and, as far as he knew, all of the
others in his group possessed U.S. passports, but none of them was
validated for travel to Cuba. At London the plane was met by an
American official, who warned the passengers of possible prosecution
for traveling to Cuba without proper authorization.

In Paris. Hoffman's group was joined bj^ another group which had
flown there from New York on a KLM plane by way of Amsterdam.

Although the so-called students were split into three separate groups
and stayed overnight in three different hotels in Paris, they had din-
ner together. They Avere inforn^sed at this time by Levi Laub that
they would go to Czechoslovakia, which they did the day after their
arrival in Paris.

L^pon arrival at Prague on a Czech plane, the American passengers
were once again greeted by an American official, who repeated the
warning issued at the London stop. On this occasion, many of the
students rudely walked away from the official while he was addressing
them.

Czech visas were given Hoffman and the other students at Prague,
although Hoffman had not applied for one anywhere en route. Czech
officials examined the passports of the U.S. students, but made no en-
tries in them.

From Prague, the American travelers were taken on a 4-hour bus
ride to Carlsbad, Czechoslovakia, where they stayed for 2 days at the
Grand Hotel Moscow. Several group meetings were held, during
which plans for the stay in Cuba were discussed. At one such meeting,

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S. 053

the students were addressed and conoratnlated on havin<>' defied their
(Tovernnient by the Cuhan Ambassador to Czechosh)vakia.

A\'hile in Czechosk)vakia, tlie students were instructed by Levi Laub
not to sliow their passports to any Cuban official when they arrived
in Cuba. IloH'nian believed this instruction was given in the hope
tJiat if the passports were technically ''not used" in Cuba, the students
might be protected against charges of improper use of their passports.

In Czechoslovakia, the students were joined by Vickie Ortiz, who
iiad apparently arrived in Prague ahead of the main group. Miss
Ortiz possessed both a U.S. and Mexican passport. It was agreed,
therefore, that she would be the tirst to leave the plane at stopovere
during the balance of the trip to Cuba. If any authorities lifted either
of her passports, she would still have another one and, meanwhile,
the other students would have been alerted to try to protect their
passports.

Before the students departed from Czechoslovakia, they were issued
"'slip visas" (pieces of paper wdth entry visas stamped on them) by the
Cuban consulate in Prague for their entry into Cuba. Again, no entry
was made in their passports.

From Czechoslovakia the Americans were flown on a Cuban airplane
to Ireland, Newfoundland, and thence to Havana, Cuba, where they
arrived on June 30. There each student surrendered his "slip visa"
and tilled out a "landing card," requesting such general information
as name, address, occupation, and passport number. The students
supplied their passport numbers, as requested, but were careful not
to show their passports to Cuban officials.

They were interview^ed and j^hotographed by a large contingent
of the Cuban press at the Havana airport. Then they were quartered
at the Hotel Riviera in the Cuban capital.

Their first evening in Cuba, the students were greeted by representa-
tives of the Cuban Institute for Friendship Among the Peoples, the
group in charge of them tliroughout their stay. The next day they
met members of the Cuban Federation of University Students, which
was supposedly paying their expenses. Mr. Hoffman had serious
doubts that the Cuban student organization was paying these expenses
because of the high cost of the air travel alone. His guess was that
the cost of the entire trip had to have been underwritten by the Cuban
Government.

About the third day the Americans were in Cuba, Fidel Castro
appeared at a resort hotel they were visiting. He played ping-pong
with some of the students for nearly 3 hours. After the ping-pong
games Avere over, the students gathered around Cnstro and began ask-
ing him questions about Cuba. He brushed them off by saying that
he had to return to the affairs of State.

Also, early in the visit to Cuba, Castro went skin diving with Levi
Laub and two other members of the American student group.

Day after day during their stay in Cuba, the students were taken on
"organized" and "guided" tours from one end of the island to the
other. They visited apartment projects, factories, schools, beaclies, etc.
The tours were not compulsory, however, and, as members of a very
privileged group, those students who wished to remain behind and roam
around Havana were fre« to do so.

Although the students, through the guided tours, did travel exten-
sively across Cuba, they still were able to see only what their hosts

654 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

wanted them to see. Hoffman, for instance, repeatedly asked to be
shown the La Cabana Prison in Havana and the Isle of Pines, where
political prisoners are kept. Each time he reqviested permission to
visit these places, his Cuban hosts would indicate that approval was
forthcoming, but it never came.

One day Hoffman walked up to a prison in Havana and asked if
he might talk to counterrevolutionaries detained there. He caused
quite a bit of commotion among the guards, but could not gain
entrance.

Hoffman asked to visit Soviet military bases. "Sure, sure," was the
reply from Cuban officials, but that is where his request ended.

Hoffman observed many Russians in Cuba. Often they were seen
riding in Soviet- or Czech-made military vehicles. They were sim-
ilarly dressed, altliough never seen in militaiy uniforms. There
was no doubt in Hoffman's mind, however, about their being military
personnel.

On one occasion, Hoffman saw a dozen uniformed Chinese military
officers, but he did not see any Chinese being moved about in truck
convoys.

Diplomats and other representatives of foreign Communist coun-
tries and interests in Cuba went all out to woo and indoctrinate the
visiting U.S. students. In fact, the students received a far greater
volume of Communist books, pamphlets, and other propaganda ma-
terial than they could ever have hoped to bring home with them.
They were told by Cuban officials just to put the material in boxes
marked with their names and addresses and it would be sent to their
homes.

The students were in contact with other Americans in Cuba. The
group was addressed on a number of occasions by Eobert Williams (a
fugitive from a kidnapping charge involved in a racial mcident in
North Carolina several years ago) .

The students met members of a group of Americans called the
North American Friends of Cuba. Most of them worked for the
Cuban Government. At least one of them also admitted being a
member of the Cuban militia.

Despite the students' public declarations that the purpose of their
trip was to see for themselves what was going on in Cuba, Levi Laub
indicated otherwise when he addressed the group at one time in Cuba.
Laub said that the real purpose of the trip was to "break" the travel
ban.

Before the students wound up their visit in Cuba, a continuation
committee was formed to plan future trips to that country. The day
before the students left Cuba, a Cuban official told the continuation
committee members that their trip to Cuba had been very important
to Cuba and Cuban foreign policy. He expressed the opinion and the
hope that, if the students succeeded in breaking the U.S. travel ban,
it would be difficult for other countries to impose one against Cuba.

The same Cuban official encouraged the returning U.S. students
to send other Americans to Cuba. Earlier, Fidel Castro had sug-
gested to Levi Laub that, if the U.S. Government attempted to prose-
cute the students when they returned home, additional students should
be sent to Cuba while the first group was being prosecuted.

Also prior to their departure from Cuba, the students were briefed
by their own leaders on how to deal with U.S. customs and immigration

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S. 655

officers, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and the Committee on
Un-American Activities.

One of tlie leaders, Pliillip Luce, an employee of the Emergency
Civil Liberties Committee,^ informed the students that upon returning
liome they could obtain legal advice from the ECLC, the American
Civil Liberties Union, and the National Committee To Abolish the
Un-American Activities Committer.. Luce also said members of the
ECLC would represent the students "without fee" if they were prose-
cuted, but that there would be expenses of about $6,000 that would
have to be raised by defense committees organized to help the students.

Hoffman learned the Cuban Government had made a film of the
students' visit to Cuba and that the film was going to be smuggled
into the LTnited States at a later date. In the United States the
students were to combine showings of the film with lectures on Cuba
to raise money for their defense.

The U.S. students departed by air from Cubii on August 26, 1963,
for the return trip home by way of Madrid, Spain. Wlien the plane
made a refueling stop at Bermuda, however, Hoffman left the group
and flew directly to New Yoi-k at his own expense.

At the subcommittee's hearings on September 12, Hoffman was
asked to identify those students who had traveled to Cuba and who
were also members of the Progressive Labor Movement, an ultrarevolu-
tionary Commimist splinter group. At an earlier hearing the subcom-
mittee had learned that members of Progressive Labor had played a
leading role in organizing the unauthorized trip to Cuba. According
to Hoffman, the known Progressive Labor members who made the
trip were Levi Laub, Salvatore Cucchiari, Vickie Ortiz, Ellen
Shallit, Rhoden Smith, Wendie Nakashima, John Salter, Larry
Phelps, Stefan ]Martinot, Eleanor Goldstein, Catherine Prenslcy, and
Mark Tishman. Tifniman, according to Hoffman, said he joined the
Progressive Laboi- IMovement only to be able to make the trip to Cuba
and that he subse(inently resigned.

Asked by the subcommittee to name the leaders of tlie students
with whom he traveled to Cuba, Hofl'man named Levi Laub as the
unquestioned head of the group, inasmuch as Anatol Schlosser had
not made the trip. Hofl'man said Laub informed the other students
during the trip that he had been in Cuba the previous February or
March making arrangements for their visit.

Hoffman said that another leader was Phillip Luce, who headed the
students' press committee. "^^Hiile in Cuba, Luce kept in contact with
Clark Foreman, the director of the Emergency Civil Liberties Com-
mittee, about reaction to the trip in the United States.

Other leaders in the group were Ellen Shallit, Salvatore Cucchiari,
Stefan Martinot, Larry Phelps, and Wendie Nakashima.

INIr. Hoffman concluded that the trip of the U.S. students to Cuba,
which received tremendous play in the Cuban press, had been a great
propao^anda victory for the Castro regime.

Hoffman also emphatically emphasized his conclusion that the per-
sons with whom he had traveled to Cuba were not typical American
students. Their ages ranged from 18 to .3.S, he told the subcommittee,
and some of them were not students at all. Most of them had made

1 This organization was cited as a Communist front by both the House Committee on Un-
American Activities and the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee In 19.58 and lO.'jS,
respectively.

656 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

up their minds favorably about Communist Cuba long before they
arrived there, tlie witness said.

He described for the subcommittee an occasion in Cuba when a Com-
munist group from Vietnam showed the U.S. "students" a film of mili-
tary operations in that Asian country. When a scene appeared in
which an American airplane was shot down, a great cheer went up
from the "students.''

Hoffman again emphasized that they were not typical American
students.

The next witness heard in public session on September 12 w^as
Levi Lee Laub of New York City. Laub was unemployed at the
time of his testimony, he said, and still considered himself a college
student, inasmuch as he planned to return to Cohunbia College to com-
plete two examinations required for his bachelor of arts degree.

The subconunittee's counsel introduced a photostatic copy of a pass-
port application which Laub had filed with the State Department's
New York City office on Januaiy 29, 1963, in which he had stated
that he intended to depart for a vacation in Mexico on February 1,
1963.

Laub testified he was issued a passport after filing this applica-
tion, but invoked the fifth amendment when asked if he had
truthfully reflected his travel plans in the application. He admitted,
however, that he had not at any time after receiving the passport ap-
plied for s]')ecific endorsement of it for travel to Cuba. He declined
on constitutioiial grounds to say whether in Febniaiy and March 1963,
or at any time after January 29, 1963, he had traveled to Cuba through
Mexico.

The witness freely acknowledged he had arrived in Cuba with the
group of U.S. students on June 30, 1963, and remained there until
August 25. Asked if on the occasion of this trip his passport had con-
tained a notation authorizing travel to Cuba in accordance with ex-
isting travel laws and regulations, Laub claimed no such laws or regu-
lations existed. He claimed the requirement for specific passport en-
dorsement for travel to Cuba was a matter of State Department
policy, not a matter of law or regulation.

The chairman read to the witness the following portion of a State
Department docTunent published December 13, 1962, more than 6
mouths before the student group departed for Cuba :

The Department warns all concerned that travel to Cuba by a United States
citizen without a passport specifically validated by the Department of State for
that purpose constitutes a violation of the Travel Control Law and Regulations.
(Title S TT. S. Code Sec. 118.5: Title 22 Code of Federal Resulations, Sec. .5,S..3).
A wilful violation of the law is punishable by fine and/or imprisonment.

T^vi Laub admitted having been one of the leaders of the meeting
in New York City on October 14, 1962, at which the Ad Hoc Student
Committee for Travel to Cuba was organized. He invoked the fifth
amendment and other reasons, however, for refusing to say whether
he, Stefan Martinot, and Anatol Schlosser had been appointed by
Milton Rosen and Mortimer Scheer, leaders of the Progressive Labor
Movement, to form tlie Ad Hoc Student Committee for Travel to
Cuba.

The witness also admitted having attended another meeting in
New York in December 1962, when tlie Permanent Student Committee
for Travel to Cuba was created.

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S. ()57

Laiib testified that, as a represent a( ive of tlie Permanent Committee,
he had visited the University of California, San Francisco State Col-
lege, Stanford University, the Univeisity of Chicago, tlie University of
Wisconsin, the University of JMichigan, Brooklyn College, City Col-
lege of New York, and Columbia College to promote the trip to
Cuba and recruit students to take part in it. He said his travel
expenses were paid from funds raised primarily at benefit parties held
in New York City by the Permanent Committee. He said he knew of
no financial contributions made to the Permanent Committee by any
outside organization.

The witness, who willingly testified tliat the student trip had been
made to Cuba, repeatedly invoked the fifth amendment and other
reasons for refusing to answer questions about certain preparatory
activities in which he had engaged. He accordingly declined to
confirm or deny the committee's information that he had negotiated
with both the British Overseas Airways Corporation and the KLM
Royal Dutch Airlines for flying two groups of students from New York
to Paris. Laub declined to discuss the committee's information that it
was he who had reserved and picked up tlie tickets for the students
from these two airlines. He also declined to explain why, as the com-
mittee's investigation revealed, he had given several different personal
New York addresses during his dealings with BOAC and KLM.

The witness continued to invoke the fifth amendment and other
reasons in refusing to say by whom the payments for the BOAC and
KLM tickets had been made. Although the tickets were reserved and
picked up in New York, the connnittee's investigation disclosed that
the money for them was actually ])aid at the BOAC and KLINI offices
in Ottawa, Canada, by "Mr. J. Jacobs" and "Mr. Jacob," respectively.
On June 10 and 11, 1963, the investigation revealed, Jacobs, or a person
using that name, had made deposits totaling $22,739.20 in U.S. currency
with BOAC's Ottawa office, and on the latter date the same individual
had deposited $13,436.80 in U.S. currency with KLM's office in Ottawa.

Laub declined to tell the subcommittee if he knew Jacobs, if he knew
Jacobs to be an American citizen, and if he knew why Jacobs had thus
far failed to collect in excess of $6,700 in refunds from KLM and
BOAC for deposits over and above the cost of the tickets actually
used for the trip to Cuba.

The witness insisted that all of tlie expenses connected with the
students' visit to Cuba were paid by the Cuban Federation of Univer-
sity Students, but he supplied no other details on the matter.

Laub admitted that during the latter part of the visit to Cuba there
came a time when some of the group wished to remain longer and
others did not. In this connection, he acknowledged he had urged the
students to do whatever they decided to do together, so tliey would re-
turn to the United States as a group. In this way, he had contended,
the group would have a greater impact upon the possible breaking of
the State Department ban on travel to Cuba.

The witness testified that he was, and had been for ff months, a
member of the Progressive Labor Movement.

Laub reluctantly admitted that on April 28, 1961, he had demon-
strated against, and refused to take part in, a civil defense shelter drill
in New York City, which resulted in his being convicted and fined
for violation of the New York civil defense law.

658 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

The witness was then excused, and the subcommittee recessed until
the following morning.

The first witness on September 13, 1963, was Phillip Abbott Luce, 26,
the holder of a master's degree in political science from Ohio State
University and an associate editor of Rights, an organ published by
the Emergency Civil Liberties Committee of New York City. Luce
was one of the leaders of the group of U.S. ""students'- who made the
unauthorized trip to Cuba during the summer of 1963.

In response to a series of questions about some of his activities prior
to the formation of the American group which visited Cuba, Luce
testified as follows :

As an employee of the ECLC, he had spoken to student groups on
numerous college campuses.

He had written book reviews for the National Guardian newspaper
and the Communist Party's magazine, Mainstream. He told the sub-
committee he hadn't known the latter was a Communist Party pub-
lication.

He spoke at a community forum in New York at which Benjamin
Davis was also a speaker, but claimed he didn't know Davis was the
national secretary of the Communist Party.

The witness said he did not attend either of the meetings at which
the Ad Hoc Committee and the Permanent Student Committee for
Travel to Cuba were formed.

Luce testified that he did not know who "J. Jacobs" was. He said
that prior to the subcommittee's hearings he had had no knowledge of
any arrangement whereby the students' flight tickets had been pur-
chased by a "J. Jacobs." Neither, he told the subcommittee, had he
made any arrangements with Levi Laub by which Luce's name would
be given the British Overseas Airways Corporation as a person who
could be contacted about the trip to Cuba in Laub's absence.

The witness stated that he had not been instructed by the Emergency
Civil Liberties Committee to assume a leadership role within the
group which traveled to Cuba. During his participation in that trip,
Luce said, he had been on leave without pay from his ECLC position.

Luce acknowledged that in the spring of 1963 he had requested and
received a U.S. passport from the State Department. He admitted
he had the Cuba trip in mind at the time he filed his passport applica-
tion, even though he had said in that application only that he intended
to visit France, England, and "other countries." He also confirmed
the subcommittee's information that he had not subsequently requested
the Department of State to endorse his passport for travel to Cuba.

Luce testified that he had not discussed the purposes of the trip with
either Leonard Boudin or Victor Eabinowitz prior to the group's
departure. Lawyers Boudin and Eabinowitz are prominent members
of the Emergency Civil Liberties Committee, who have identified
themselves in litigation before U.S. courts as representing the legal
interests of Fidel Castro in the United States.

The witness told the subcommittee that near the end of his stay in
Cuba, at the request of the "students," he had cabled the director of the
Emergency Civil Liberties Committee, asking the aid of ECLC in
any legal matters concerning criminal actions or passports in which
the students might become involved.

Luce insisted that he had broken no law when he traveled to Cuba.
He claimed the only prohibition against traveling to Cuba without

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S. 659

specific passport endorsement to do so exists in the form of a State
Department public notice, not a law. He said further, however, that
even if there ^s'ero such a law, he would consider it his duty to break it.

The subcommittee's final three witnesses on September 18 were heard
dui-ino- a public session in the afternoon. The first of these was
Wendie Suzuko Nakashima Rosen, a student on leave of absence from
the City College of New York and the wife of Jacob Rosen.

Inasmuch as the witness had used her maiden name during her Cuban
travel and expressed no preference for either name in her interrogation,
she was addressed both in her maiden and married names.

INIiss Nakashima acknowledged the correctness of the following
background information about her which had been obtained by the
committee's investigation :

On May 3, 1060, while a member of the Students for a Sane Nuclear
Policy at CCNY, she refused to take part in a civil defense air raid
drill. Later in I960, prior to the existence of restrictions on travel to
Cuba, Miss Nakashima visited Cuba for about 3 months, during which
time she worked in the Sierra Maestra Mountain area. A "couple
of years ago," in the words of the witness, she was a member of Ad-
vance, an organization described as a Communist front by the U.S.
Attorney General in a petition to the Subversive Activities Control
Board on January 10, 1963. On June 5, 1962, she filed a passport
application, in which she stated it was her intention to travel to Eng-
land, Finance, and Italy^ — then in July and August 1962, she used the
passport to traAcl to the Communist-run Eighth World Youth Festival
at Helsinki, Finland.

Miss Nakashima told the subcommittee she had not listed Helsinki,
Finland, on her passport application because she felt there might be
an attempt to delay or prevent her from going thei'e.

The witness said that she had been in attendance at the meeting
during which the Ad Hoc Student Committee for Travel to Cuba was
organized in the fall of 1962, but invoked the fifth amendment when
asked if eitlier IMilton Rosen or Mortimer Scheer, expelled Commu-
nist Party members who organized the Progressive Labor IMovement,
had been present on that occasion.

Miss Nakashima acknowledged she had not at any time subsequent
to receipt of her passport in June 1962 requested the State Department
to validate it specifically for travel to Cuba. She claimed there was no
law in existence requiring such validation.

She did not contest the subcommittee's information that she had
departed from New York on June 25, 1963, and traveled to Cuba on
BOAC and Cubana airlines via London, Paris, and Prague. She
testified that she had participated in many press interviews during her
stay in Cuba.

In reply to questions about the use of her passport, she testified only
that she had exhibited it to foreign immigi'ation officials in London and
Paris on the way to Cuba and to U.S. immigration officials when she
returned to the United States.

During her testimony, Miss Nakashima said that she was no longer
a member of Advance and had at no time been a member of the Com-
Uiunist Party.

The next witness was Catherine Jo Prensky, 20, formerly a student
at the University of Wisconsin, but enrolled in the City College of
New York at the time of her appearance before the subcommittee.

660 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

According to information obtained throuoli a preliminary investiga-
tion, Miss Prenslcy applied for a U.S. passport at the State Depart-
ment's office in New York City on April 24, 1062, setting forth a plan
to travel as a tourist to England, France, Switzerland, Italy, and Fin-
land. She acknowledged to the subcommittee that she had used the
passport to attend the Eighth World Youth Festival at Helsinki,
Finland, from July 20 through August 6, 1062.

Miss Prensky admitted that, without having requested validation of
her passport for travel to Cuba, she nevertheless had traveled to Cuba
in June 1063 by way of New York, Amsteidam, Paris, and Prague.
She told the subcommittee her passport had been lifted temporarily
by a Dutch official in Amsterdam and was not returned until after an
official from the U.S. Embassy in Holland liad spoken to her.

She recalled having exhibited her passport in Paris, but said she
could not remember whether, in Prague, she had received a Cuban visa
l)earing her passport number.

Miss Prensky affirmed that she belonged to a Progressive Labor
Student Club.

The day's final witness was Larry Wilford Phelps, an unemployed
1063 graduate of the University of Noi-th Carolina. He was another
of the so-called students who made the unauthorized trip to Cuba dur-
ing the summer of 1063.

Phelps testified that he had been one of the organizers of the Pro-
gressive Labor Club at the University of North Carolina in July or
August 1962. He admitted having participated in an all-day confer-
ence of the Progressive Labor JSIovement on July 1, 1962, at the Hotel
Diplomat in Nbav York City, which was attended by more than 50
delegates from widely scattered Progressive Labor groups throughout
the country. He invoked the self-incrimination clause of the fifth
amendment, however, when asked if he had had prior discussion about
the formation of a Progressive Labor Club at the University of North
Carolina with Jacob Rosen, an identified Communist who had been a
frequent visitor to the university's campus.

Phelps testified that, in a passport application filed with the Depart-
ment of State on December 7, 1062, he had said he intended to visit
"England and maybe France." He strongly implied to the subcom-
mittee that, at the time he filed the a]:)])lication, he had intended to
travel to Cuba, but that he deliberately did not state this because he
knew he would be refused permission if he did.

The witness affinned the subcommittee's information that he had
at no time, after receiving his passport in December 1962, requested
that it be validated for travel to Cuba.

Phelps told the subcommitee he had no knowledge of how payment
was made to IvLM and BOAC airlines for the flight tickets used by
the students on their unauthorized trip to Cuba in June 1963. He
stated further he did not know the identity of "J. Jacobs."

VIOLATIONS OF STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL REGU
LATIONS AND PRO (ASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVI
TIES IN THE UNITED STATES

Part 3

THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 1963

United States House of Representatives,

Subcommittee of the
Committee on Un-American Activities,

Washington^ D.C.
public hearings

A subcommittee of the Committee on Un-American Activities met,
pursuant to call, at 10 a.m., in the Caucus Room, Cannon House Office
Building, Washington, D.C., Honorable Edwin E. Willis (chairman)
presiding.

Subcommittee members : Representatives Edwin E. Willis, of Louisi-
ana ; William M. Tuck, of Virginia ; and August E. Johansen, of Mich-
igan.

Subcommittee members present: Representatives Willis, Tuck, and
Johansen.

Committee members also present: Representatives Joe R. Pool, of
Texas; Richard H. Ichord, of Missouri; George F. Senner, Jr., of
Arizona; Donald C. Bruce, of Indiana; Henry C. Schadeberg, of
Wisconsin ; and John M. Ashbrook, of Ohio. ( Appearances as noted. )

Staff members present: Francis J. jSIcNamara, director; Alfred M.
Nittle, counsel; and Donald T. Appell, chief investigator.

The Chairman. The subcommittee will please come to order.

The subcommittee is convened to continue hearings, begun here in
Washington on May 6 of this year, on certain matters and for the
legislative purposes set forth in a committee resolution adopted April
24, 1963. I will read the text of that resolution for the record.

BE IT RESOLVED, that hearings by the Committee on Un-American Activi-
ties or a subcommittee tliereof, be held in Washington, D.C, or at such other
place or places as the Chairman may determine, on such date or dates as the
Chairman may designate, relating to (a) Communist propaganda activities in
the United States conducted in support of the Communist regime in Cuba, or for
the purpose of advancing the policies and objectives of the world Communist
movement in Latin America generally, (b) the activities of United States citi-
zens acting on behalf of, or in the interest of, foreign Communist principals, and
(c) foreign travel undertaken by United States citizens in connection with such
activities and in violation of State Department travel regulations, for the fol-
lowing legislative purposes :

1. To provide factual information to aid Congress in the disposition of pres-
ently pending legislation (including, but not limited to Sections 709 and 712 of
H.R. 9.58), or in the proposal of remedial legislation, in fulfillment of the direc-
tions contained in the mandate to the Committee by House Resolution 5 of Jan-
uary 9. 1963. and Public Law 601 of the 79th Congress.

661
98-765— 63— pt. 3 2

662 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

2. The execution, by the administrative agencies concerned, of the Foreign
Agents Registration Act of 1938, travel control laws (particularly Title 8 U.S.C.
1185), and regulations issued pursuant thereto, to assist the House in appraising
the administration of such laws and regulations.

3. Consideration of the advisability of amending Title 22 U.S.C. 611, by ex-
tending the definition of the terms "foreign principal" and "agent of a foreign
principal" so as to remove any doubt as to the true test of the agency relation-
ship or its application to activities within the intent of Congress as expressed in
the Act.

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that the hearings may include any other mat-
ter within the jurisdiction of the Committee which it, or any subcommittee
thereof, appointed to conduct these hearings, may designate.

At the opening of the hearings in Washington, D.C., I read a verj^
com])lete statement concerning the purposes and subject matter of
these hearings. I will now summarize that statement :

Over 12 years ago, on December 16, 1050, the President of the United
States proclaimed the existence of a national emergency. That proc-
lamation has not been altered or repealed by succeeding Presidents.
The emergency continues. Today we must be concerned not only about
communism in Korea and other distant countries, but in Cuba — just
90 miles from our shores.

Fidel Castro has converted Cuba into an advance Communist base
in this hemisphere. It is supplying inspiration, propaganda, train-
ing, communications, and technical assistance to Communist and revo-
lutionary groups in the whole of Latin America. It is also serving
as an outpost of the Soviet Union from which that country is directing
certain activities against the United States.

Central Intelligence Agency Director John McCone, in an appear-
ance before the Plouse Committee on Foreign Ailairs on February 19,
stated :

The Cuban effort at present is far more serious than the hastily organized
and ill-conceived raids that the bearded veterans of the Sierra Maestra led into
such Central American countries as Panama. Haiti. Nicaragua, and the Domini-
can Republic during the first 8 or 9 months Castro was in power.

Today, the Cuban effort is far more sophisticated, more covert, and more
deadly. In its professional trade craft, it shows guidance and training by
experienced Communist advisers from the Soviet bloc, including veteran Spanish
Communists.

Mr. McCone also pointed out that approximately 1,500 persons went
to Cuba during the vear 1962 from other Latin American countries to
receive ideological indoctrination and guerrilla warfare training. He
said that some of the courses given in Cuba last as long as a year and
include intensive training in sabotage, espionage, and psychological
warfare and that the so-called visitors to Cuba also serve as couriers
for Soviet communications and the financing of Communist subversion
in various countries.

United States citizens, too, have been involved in these activities.
In an effort to prevent such activity by citizens of this country — and
because, following the severance of diplomatic relations, it could not
protect U.S. nationals in Cuba — the Department of State issued regu-
lations, effective January 16, 1961, prohibiting travel to Cuba by
citizens of the United States unless they possessed specially validated
passports (22 CFR pt. 53.3, as amended). These regulaitions are
based on the security provisions of the Immigration and Nationality
Act of 1952, regulating travel of citizens and aliens during war or
national emergency, and empowering the President to impose re-

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES EST U.S. 663

strictions and ]n-ohibitions, in addition to those provided by the
applicable section of the Act (8 U.S.C. 1185).

Present reo-ulations generally require no passport for travel in
North, Central, or South America. However, when a U.S. citizen
travels to Cuba, he is then required to have a passport for travel in
other nations of North, Central, or South America through which
he may pass in traveling to or from Cuba.

Despite the ban on travel to Cuba unless a specially validated pass-
port is obtained, committee investigation has determined that over
1 00 American citizens have traveled to Cuba without validation. Com-
mittee investigation has also revealed that U.S. citizens who had
traveled to Cuba, some with and some without validation, have been
rendering propaganda assistance to the Communist Cuban regime
after their return to this country.

On January 9, 1963, the late chairman of tliis committee intro-
duced H.R. 958, which was referred to the Committee on Un-American
Activities. Sections 709 and 7l2 of that bill, dealing with passport
security and travel control and restrictions on the issuance and use
of passports, are directed particularly toward the travel of persons
associated with subversive organizations and with subversive objec-
tives or aims.

Other bills have been introduced in the House in an effort to resolve
these difficulties and have been referred to the Committee on the
Judiciary. The Committee on Un-American Activities has under-
taken this investigation and hearings pursuant to its mandate to con-
duct investigations that will aid the Congress in disposition of pend-
ing legislation.

I w411 now read for the record the order of appointment of the
subcommittee conducting these hearings :

July 11, 1963.
TO : Mr. Francis J. McNamara,
Director, Committee on Un-American Activities.

Pursuant to the provisions of the law and the Rules of this Committee, I
hereby appoint a subcommittee of the Committee on Un-American Activities,
consisting of Honorable William M. Tuck and Honorable August E. Johansen,
as associate members, and myself, as Chairman, to conduct a hearing in Wash-
ington, D.C., Monday, August 5, 1963, at 10 A.M., on subjects under investigation
by the Committee and take such testimony on said day or succeeding days,
as It may deem necessary.

Please make this action a matter of Committee record.

If any Member indicates his inability to serve, please notify me.

Given under my hand this 11th day of July, 1963.

/s/ Edwin E. Willis
Edwin E. Willis,
Chairman, Committee on Un-American Activities.

Comisel, call vour first w^itness.

Mr. NiTTLE. Would Barry Hoffman please come forward?

The Chairman. Please raise your right hand.

Do you solemnly swear that the testimony you are about to give
will be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, so help
you God ?

Mr. Hoffman. I do.

The Chairman. Proceed, Mr. Nittle.

664 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

TESTIMONY OF BARRY HOFFMAN

Mr. NiTTLE. Mr. Hoffman, will you please state your full name and
residence for the record ?

Mr. Hoffman. My name is Barry Hoffman, 48 William Street,
Brookline, Massachusetts.

Mr. NiTTLE. Mr. Hoffman, it is noted for the record that you are
not represented Iby counsel. However, from the prior conference
with you, it is the understanding of the committee that you do not
desire to be accompanied by counsel in the giving of your testimony.
Is that not correct ?

Mr. Hoffman. That is correct.

Mr. NiTTLE. Would you state the date and place of your birth,
please?

Mr. Hoffman. November 17, 1936, Boston, Massachusetts.

Mr. NiTTLE. Would you relate the extent of your formal education,
giving the dates and places of attendance at educational institutions
and any degrees you received ?

Mr. Hoffman. I graduated from the Roxbury Memorial High
School in 1953 and I gi'aduated from the Massachusetts College of
Pharmacy in 1958 witli a bachelor of science degree in pharmacy.

Mr. NiTTLE. What is your present occupation ?

Mr. Hoffman. I am in the real estate business. I am a member
of the Boston Real Estate Board.

Mr. NiTTLE. '^\niat other occupations have you had since graduation
from college?

Mr. Hoffman. I have been in the appliance business.

Mr. NiTTLE. Mr. Hoffman, we know that you were one of the group
of 50-odd students, or persons described as students, who traveled to
Cuba this June, although the plans for travel were originally made
for the Christmas holidays in 1962. Would you please tell tlie com-
mittee the purpose of your travel there and tlie circumstances under
which you decided to make this trip ?

Mr. Hoffman. Late last fall, around December, a small item ap-
peared in the Boston newspapers mentioning the plan of a group of
students to travel to Cuba. For some time I have been watching the
newspapers and clipping items like this for Gordon Hall. Gordon
Hall is a close friend of mine from Boston and Mr. Hall, as you may
know, is a nationally known autliority on the activities of domestic
Communists, Facists", Nazis, and other political fringe and extremist
groups.

Recognizing that a group of students planning to travel to Com-
munist Cuba would probably turn out to be pro-Communist oriented,
we decided that this matter required further investigation. Knowing
that Gordon Hall was a target of the Communists and known to them,
it was decided that it would be wiser for me to contact Anatol Schlos-
ser, who was listed in the clipping as a spokesman for the committee.
I telephoned Schlosser in New York, expressing an interest in the trip,
and I next received a letter from Mr. Schlosser dated December 14,

Mr. NiTTLE. Do you have a copy of the letter dated December 14,
1962, which you received from a person named Anatol Schlosser?

Mr. Hoffman. Yes, I have that letter with me here.

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S. 665

Mr. NiTTLE. Mr. Chairman, may we mark that letter an exhibit for
identification? "We de^sire to offer it in evidence.

The Chairman. Let the letter be so marked and incorporated in the
record.

Mr. NiTTLE. Mr. Hoffman, I note that the letter is fairly brief.
Would you please read the letter into the record for the benefit of the
connnittee?

Mr. IIoFFMAN. Yes.

42 St. Marks PI. NYC 3,

December 14, 1962.
Dear Mr. Hoffman :

The State Department has just notified me that a willful violation of the
travel ban is punishable by a fine of not more than $5,000 and/or imprisonment
of not more than five years. This however is not going to deter us from our
objectives to exercise our rights as citizens and students to travel and to see
and evaluate for ourselves.

Please contact Don Alper, Myles Standish Hall, Bay State Road at BU room
321 for complete details.

I sincerely hope that you will be able to join us.

Very truly yours,

Anatol Schlosser.

Tt is signed Anatol Schlosser.

(Document marked "Hoffman Exhibit No. 1" and retained in com-
mittee files.)

Mr. NiTTL^. Your initial contact with Anatol Schlosser was for
the purpose of travel to Cuba, which was announced by that group as
being planned for the Christmas holidays of 1962. Did you take any
action that was suggested in the letter of December 14, 1962?

Mr. Hoffman. Yes. I might continue, though — finishing the an-
swer to the previous question — that after I received the letter dated
December 14, which I just read, and at Gordon's suggestion and so
that there would be no misunderstanding of my motives, we visited
security agencies of the United States Government, inasmuch as this
investigation did involve national security.

The Chairman. What agencies did you visit ?

Mr. Hoffman. I visited the FBI, the Central Intelligence Agency.

The Chairman. Proceed.

]\Ir. PToffman. Would you repeat the next question?

Mr. NiTTi.E. Further pursuing the question of the chairman, did you
offer your cooperation to these agencies of Government?

Mr. Hoffman. Yes.

The Chairman. You told them that you intended to make the trip ?

Mr. Hoffman. Yes, Mr. Willis. I also notified them of the fact
tliat the trip was taking place.

The Chairman. And they were aware that you would make the
trip ?

Mr. Hoffman. Yes, Mr. Chairman.

Mr. NiTTLE. Having received this letter of December 14, 1962, sug-
gesting that you contact Don Alper, what did you do?

Mr. Hoffman. In the interest of clarity, I should mention that the
trip that was mentioned in the letter of December 14 never took place.
I never understood, or never laiew, the real details of why this trip
didn't take place, but I understood that the Canadian Government was
not going to allow the Cuban airplane to pick up the students in Can-
ada and bring them to Cuba. So that trip never took place.

666 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

The Chairman. We are aware of that and we examined some of the
leaders in May of this year, I think in this very room. We know that
the trip did not materialize — that it was frustrated by action of the
Canadian Government, However, on the stand, one or two of the
leaders said that knowing it would be a violation of the law, they
nevertheless intended to make the trip this year. Apparently, they
did just that.

Mr. NiTTLE. Following your notification that the plans for the De-
cember 1962 visit were canceled, did you subsequently make or re-
ceive any contact with the student committee?

Mr. Hoffman. During this time, I exchanged several telephone
calls with Mr. Schlosser and, after a lapse of approximately 5 months,
I received a letter from Mr. Schlosser, stating that the trip was on
again for July. This time the letter enclosed an application blank
for the July trip, a three-pa^e memorandum explaining the legal
difficulties that we might run into on the trip, and a mimeographed
form letter outlining the actual details of tlie trip, such as the cost
of the trip and information on what applicants that were interested in
making the trip would have to supply.

Mr. NiTTLE. I understand you are referring to a letter received from
whom ?

Mr. Hoffman. This was a letter dated May 1.5, also from Anatol
Schlosser.

Mr. NiTTLE. I think the letter is sufficiently brief. Perhaps you
could read that into the record.

Mr. Hoffman. The letter is dated IMay 15, 1963.

Dear Mr. Hoflfman :

We understand that you are interested in our .Tuly trip to Cuba. We are send-
ing you an application and a brief statement outlining the possible consequences
of the trip. A representative of our committee is planning to be in the Boston
area soon. If you are interested in making the trip, please get in touch with us
immediately and let us know what would be a convenient time for you to meet
our representative. Or, if you have no questions, please return the completed
application immediately !

Sincerely Yours,
/s/ Anatol Schlosser
Anatol Schlosseb
Spokesman

Mr. NiTTLE. Mr. Chairman, may we mark the letter of May 15,
1963, for identification as "Hoffman Exhibit No. 2," and mark the
application submitted with it, bearing the title "Permanent Student
Committee for Travel to Cuba, Application for Summer 1963 Trip,"
as "Hoffman Exhibit No. 2-A" ?

The Chairman. Yes. Let the two documents be incorporated in
the record and so identified.

Mr. NiTTLE. Together, if the Chairman pleases, with the legal state-
ment issued by the Permanent Student Committee which was for-
warded to Mr. Hoffman as an enclosure of the letter, which we have
marked for identification as "Hoffman Exhibit No. 2-B," and a third
enclosure referred to by Mr. Hoffman, w^hich is a form letter dated
April 20, 1963, marked as "Hoffman Exhibit No. 2-C."

The Chairman. Those documents will be received also.

(Documents marked "Hoffman Exhibits Nos. 2 through 2-C," re-
spectively. Exhibit No. 2 retained in committee files. Exhibits 2-A,
2-B, and 2-C follow.)

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S. 667

Hoffman Exhibit No. 2-A

FomMcifr srjOQir cosiittce fcs txavel to cum

APPLICATION FOR SlMCR 1963 TRIP

1« Name (ple&se print) Aa» _^____

2. Home address

3. School kddreM Mejor field of stu^

•♦. If not a studsnt::

a. Current occupation

b. When snd whers did you lisst attend school

5, Why do you want to vl«it Cuba?

6. What would you like to see In Cuba?

7* Whom would you like, to ovet and speak with?

3. Please write a short statement outlining your understanding of the
possible legal consequences of the trip.

9. Please enclose $10. OC deposit and three passport size photographs
for the visa. (The deposit will be refunded if your application is
not accepted) .

bdU^ached at:

Tel: OR 3-7369

Office hours: Monday 6-9 PM

Thursday 6-9 m

Saturday 10 Af: - 5 PM

Pl£sse call during these hours and arrange an appointnent wltii s rcrpre*
sentatl'/e of the conrnittee.

DEADLE^: June 1. 1963. PLEASE APPLY IhMEOIATELYl

668 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

Hoffman Exhibit No. 2-B

The Pcrri'Tn-nt St^-n^cnt Co;r.'..ittee for Vravcl to Cuba
has often .Ji?ae cxc.r it.'j .sixiur: r-".- ■.rdin^; the so-cilled
travel ban. V/e consi'lcr it to bo .on ^.rbitrary ruline; of the
St'^.to Depn.rtr.ent, Ip.ckins in Congressional authority, and
an obvious infring^-.ment of the citizon's right to trrtvel,
a liberty g-^rranteed by the Constitution and upheld by our
courts. Nonetheless, since it is our nrimary purpose to see
and evaluate Cubn for ourselves, it is nocess-^'.ry for those
malcing the tri;) .is "cll as for thoie vho suoport our interrtion
to do so to be fully acquainted with the laws and rules
which regialato travel.

Travel to Cuba has been restricted since January 19 » 1961,
On that d?i.y, the State Department announced (Public Notice 179)
that "all U.S. passports are hereby declared to be invalid
for travel to Cuba" because unrestricted travel to or in
Cuba 7/ou d bo "inimical to the nr.tional interest."
Ley Hender3on, Deputy Under Secretary for Administration,
speaking for the State Department, declared IJiat the authority
for the restriction wa^ contained in Sections 114 and 126
of Lxecutive Order 7356 (March 31, 1938) and in the Act of
July 3» 1926. The July 3, 1926 law gives the Secretary of
State the power to "gr.ant '-nd issue passports. . .under such
rules as the president may designate." President Roosevelt
or'lered such rulG.=; on March 31, 1938, and Sections 1?4 and 126
of the President's ruLeo, which Mr. Henderson quotes,
authorize the Secret ry of State to use his discretion in
the issuance of pasi?--.orts and in restricting their use to
certain countric:. Neither the Act of July 3, 1926, nor
the Lxecutive Order of 1938, make mention of any criminal
provisions for dealing ;/ith violations of the law or executive
rules. In fact, the only relevant sanction is found ii^.
Title 18 of the U.S. Code (Section 1544, part b); "Wlioever
uses any passoort in violation of the conditions or
restrictions therein. .. shall be fined not more than 35,000
or imprisoned not more than five years or both." However,
"a citizen who has lawfully departed from this country can
hardly violate this section in any country to which he may
be be admitted without "using** his passport. He eould, for

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S. 669

Hoffman Exhuut No. 2-B — Coutiuued

example, leave the United States by entaring a Western
I!emlsph«r« mtlon, for irhlch United St-'xc-i l«-» does n-^t
require a passport, or by entering some other country for
which he holds a valid passport." (Freedom to Travel,
Report of the Special Committee to Study Passport Procedures
of the Association of the Var of the City af New York: 1958,
pg. 70)

Tho MacCarran-Walter Act of 1952 also rcgTalates travel
by re.-^iiiring that during a time of war or n.-^.tional emergency,
"it shall be unla vful to leave or ent-^r the United States
v/ithout a valid p".ssport, suoject to such limita tions as
the president niay authorize .^nd subncribs." This nrovision
of th* Act is in force, for we have been in a state of
national er.i'^r-^vLicy since December 16, 1950. The Act provides
for fine, ol '»5,000 ajid imprisonment u t to fives years or
both "Tor \^ny violation, but it i!3 cle r th-.t any citizen
who poGsens'd a v.^lid passport vould not be subject to these
sanctions .

In siiort, the laws and regulations presently in effect
cannot prohibit the travel of a citizen, anxious to exercise
his rights, nor c:,n they subject him to Duiiishment. This
is as it should be .nd the St, te Department itself has
been forced to acicnowledge it. On May 1, 1952, the State
Department declared: "...the procedure of travel control
through passport restrictions in no way forbids American
travel to those are;.-s," Thus in 1958, the Special Committee
of the N.Y. Bar Association reported: "The committee has
not discovered any statute wliich clearly provides- a penalty
for viol-tion of area restrctions, and this seems to br a
gla.ring omission if the United States is seriously interested
in the establislim'^nt ind enforcement of travel controls.
Knowing violation of valid restrictions should certainly
be subject to an effective sanction, which is not now the case .,.

This then is the legal situation. We have carefully
studi d tht;sc rules and laws and we are confident that our
projected trip to Cuba is not a violation of law, but the
proper pursuit of our rights. There have not been siny

670 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

Hoffman Exhibit No. 2-B— Gontinued

— 3 —

reported proaecutions of American citizens for travel to or
in restricted areas and we do not anticipate any indictments
in our case. Of course, this is not a guarantee. There
is also the possibility that the State Department would
try to revoke our passports when we returned to the
United States. We feel that this would be an arbitrary
denial of a constitutional right and are prepared to face
.'Uid fight that risk.

We hope we have your support.

PERMANENT STUDENT COMMITTEE
FOR TRAVEL TO CUBA
42 SAINT MARKS PLACE
NEW YORK 3, H. Y. OR 37369

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S. 671

Hoffman Exiiiuit No. 2-C

April 20, 1963

Dear Applicant,

The Permanent Student Connlttee for Travel to Cuba has re-
ceived a cable from the Federation of University Students in Havana,
inviting American students to spend the month of July '63 in Cuba.
We have ■ccepted the invitation and are now raaking errangenrant* to
leave for Cuba during tJie last weekend in June. Tiie Federation of
University Students will pay the round trip air transportation from
Canada as well as all expenses (hotels, rneals, etc.) in Cuba.

The estimated cost oi the trip is $100.00, The money will ba
u*ed to cover round trip transportation to and from Canada, as v«;ll
as the operating expenses. Group transportation to Canada and back
will be arranged from central points in Nev; York, California and
possibly from a third liscation in the Midwsst. The $100.00 fee
la payable at the time and plaoa of depajrtare for Canada and docs
not include the $10,00 deposit vhlch should be submitted along witJi
the application. The deadline for sulanission of the application
iB June 1, however, since there are many applicants already, effort
should be made to get th* eppllcetion in as soon as possible. (A
full account of all of the conmittae's operating and travel expen«»«
will be kept and all surplus funds will be refunded at the end of
the trip).

We would like to remind all applicants that they must have a
U.S. passport, a birth certificate, and an international smallpcwc
vaccination certificate. VJe recomrcnd that you get these docunents
inrrediately in order to avoid last minute delays and dise^pointments.

Our puriwse remains tc cse and evaluate Cuba for ourselves.

Permanent Student Comnciittee for Travel to Cuba

Anatol Schlosser, Spokesman
U2 St. liai-ks Place
New York, New Yortt

Mr. NiTTLE. Would you continue?

Mr. Hoffman. I again consulted with Gordon Hall and we both
agreed on the importance of my making the trip. Accordingly, we
again consulted with the various and appropriate security agencies
relative to the trip, suggesting our cooperation on my return.

The Chairman. So you contacted the FBI and the CIA for the
second time?

Mr. Hoffman. That is correct.

The Chairman. That is in connection with the July trip ?

Mr. Hoffman. Yes. I also sent back the application to the Perma-
nent Committee for Student Travel to Cuba, Avhich was mentioned in
one of the sheets enclosed with the May 15 letter. On June 15, Levi
Laub \ATote me a letter addressed to my home in Brookline. I wasn't
at my home for several days and I didn't receive the letter imme-
diately.

Mr. NiTTLE. Did you subsequently receive the letter in your pos-
session ?

Mr. Hoffman.: Yes.

672 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

Mr. NiTTLE. Mr. Chairman, may we mark the letter referred to, as
"Hoffman Exhibit No. 3"" ? We offer that letter in evidence.

The Chairman. The letter will be received in evidence.

Mr. NiTTLE. Perhaps we should, at this point, read that letter into
the record for the inf onnation of the connnittee.

Mr. Hoffman. The letter is dated June 15, 1963, addressed to "48
Williams Street, Brookline, Massachusetts."

Deiar Mr. Hoffman :

We haven't heard fi'om you in awhile but we've made all the arrangements
necessary for you to make the trip with us. We'd like you to be in N.Y. by the
24th — we will be leaving sometime during that week.

Please get in touch with us immediately.

with "immediately" underlined —

GR 7-8396

Hope to see you soon.

Levi Laub
PSCTC

The Chairman. What does "PSCTC" stand for ?

Mr. Hoffman. I believe that is the Permanent Student Committee
for Travel to Cuba.

(Document marked "Hoffman Exhibit No. 3" and retained in com-
mittee files.)

Mr. NiTTLE. Was this the first contact you had with Mr. Laub?

Mr. PIoFFMAN. Yes. This letter was the first that I heard from
Mr. Laub. Before I had a chance to reply to this letter, Levi Laub
telephoned me on the mornincr of June 24, a Monday, and said that if
I was interested in making the trip, I would have to be in New York
that afternoon, Monday, June 24.

There was kind of a problem there, inasmuch as that particular day
I was supposed to receive my commission in the Air Force Reserve,
and this was something which could not be delayed as it had to be done
before the end of the fiscal year in July. I was able to get around
this problem by chartering a plane, flying to where I was to be sworn
in, in Massachusetts, being sworn in as a second lieutenant, flying back
to Boston, and catching the shuttle to New York City.

Then I went to the New York contact point, which I recall was 102
East Eighth Street.

Mr. NiTTLE. From whom did you receive information as to the place
or specific address you should go to in New York ?

INIr. Hoffman. AA^ien I arrived in New York

INIr. NiTTLE. I say from whom did you receive the information ?

Mr. Hoffman. From whom did I receive the information on the
telephone ?

Mr. NiTTLE. Yes.

Mr. Hoffman. I believe either Levi Laub or Ellen Shallit. I got
this information on the telephone in New York when I arrived and was
told to come to that address. This was the apartment of Ellen Shallit.
Her name was listed on the bell downstairs. I entered the apartment
and was introduced to Salvatore Cucchiari, who I was told would be
my group leader during the trip to Cuba. Apparently, all of the
students had been divided into small groups with a group leader, and
Mr. Cucchiari was going to be my group leader. At this time, I still
did not know the route that would be taken and I was told to return to
the apartment the next day for further information and to meet with

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S. 673

Mr. Ciicc'liiari at 9 oVlock in the moi-nino-. Tliis I did, and on Tuesday
at 9 o'clock I again went to IMiss iShallit'y apartment.

I was tokl by Mr. Cuccliiari that tlie trip woukl take place that day
and that I was to meet at the East Side Terminal in New York City,
where I would receive my tickets and further information on the trip.
This I did, and at the East Side Terminal that afternoon I was handed
my ticket.

I was told not to be shocked when I opened up the envelope con-
taining the ticket. I was shocked, because the ticket mentioned that
the flight, instead of going through Canada — which I had suspected
and I believe it had been mentioned in previous correspondence — •
instead of that, it mentioned that it would be a BOAC flight to London,
then to Paris, and then a i-eturn flight was mentioned on the ticket
back to London from Paris and then back to New York. We left that
afternoon on the BOAC flight to London and we changed planes at
London for Paris.

I later learned that there was anothei- group that had gone by way
of KLM, also to Paris by way of Amsterdam instead of by way of
London. At London, a State Department official was present when
we embarked from the aircraft and mentioned that he had informa-
tion that we were part of the student delegation that was going to
Cuba, and he warned us of possible penalties and of the fact that
American citizens could not travel to Cuba without a validated
passport.

]\Ir. NiTTLE. May I interrupt a moment? Prior to your going to
the airport in New York, were you given any instructions relating to
security by any members of this alleged student group ?

Mr. Hoffman. When you say "security," do you mean insofar as
behavior was concerned and things like that ?

Mr. NiTTLE. Yes.

Mr. Hoffman. Yes. I can remember some of the younger members
of the group were told to dress older, not to give the impression of
being part of a student group. I believe that they believed that the
FBI was watching the apartment, that their phone was tapped, and
that they were under surveillance and, as such, in order to avoid detec-
tion, people should attempt not to appear as students. Also, people
were told to leave the apartment individually rather than in large
groups.

Mr, NiTTLE. Was there any preparation made, prior to your leaving
New York on June 25, for contacting the press and issuing releases
about the purposes of this trip ?

Mr. Hoffman. Yes. On Tuesday morning, the day that we left,
a press statement was read to me by Salvatore Cucchiari, and we were
told if we would like to sign this statement that we could. It was a
statement of fact mentioning that the trip was going to take place.

Mr. NiTTi.E. I hand vou a copy of a statement entitled "PRESS
RELEASE" dated June 26, 1963, and ask whether that is the press
release which was prepared by Salvatore Cucchiari or members of
your group.

Mr. Hoffman. I didn't know at that time who prepared the press
release.

The Chairman. Wlien was this press release released, do you know ?

Mr. Hoffman. I don't know. But it is dated 26 June 1963. This
is the one that was read to me on Tuesday morning, June 25.

674 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

Mr. NiTTLE. At the airport ?
Mr. Chairman, may we mark this as an exhibit ?
The CHAiRivrAN. It was before you left on Jmie 25 ?
Mr. Hoffman. Yes. That would be Tuesday.

Mr. NiTTLE. Mr. Chairman, mav we mark this "Hoffman Exhibit
No. 4" and offer it in evidence ?

The Chairman. It will be so marked and received in evidence.
(Document marked "Hoffman Exhibit No. 4" follows.)

Hoffman Exhibit No. 4

26 June 1963

PRESS RELEASE

Sixty-four American students and recent graduates from
colleges and universities across the nation. Including Columbia
U., N.y.U., CC.N.Y., Harvard, Wesleyan, U. of Indiana, U. of
Michigan, U. of North Carolina, U. of California, San Francisco
State College, Oakland City College, and others, left yesterday
for a one month study-tour, in Cuba.

Accepting an all-expense paid invitation frcm the Cuban
Federation of University Students in Havana to visit and meet
with the Cuban people and students, to discuss student life and
the Cuban Revolution, the students declare that their purpose
in making the trip was to see and evaluate Cuba for themselves.

Despite the U.S. State Department's so-called "ban" on
travel to Cuba, the representatives for the group said that
they felt they were not violating any law in making the trip
- and said that freedom to travel was a basic American right,

"We do not see why the U.S. Government should attempt to
prohibit U.S. citizens, especially students, from seeing Cuba."

The trip is non-political and was open to any student de-
siring to go. The students expect to spend two weeks in Havana,
two weeks touring the country, and to meet and to interview Fidel
Castro, other leaders, and Robert Williams. Each student is free
to speak for himself and to give his own reactions and views on
the trip.

(a statement outlining the alms and purposes of the trip
in greater detail accompanies this release.)

The group representatives include the following:

John Coatsworth - Wesleyan

Wayne Combash - Oakland City College

Sal Cucchiari - City College of New York

Levi Laub - Columbia

John Milton - San Francisco State

Larry Phelps - North Carolina (University of)

Ellen Shallit - City College of New York

Todd Stuart - Harvard

John Thomas - Oakland City College

Phillip Abbott Luce - for the Press Committee

Mr. NiiTLE. Would you proceed to relate the sequence of events?

Mr. Hoffman. The group stayed in Paris for 1 day. I believe it
was split up into three groups, with each group staying at a different
hotel. I stayed at the Grand Hotel myself, another group stayed at
the Hotel Bellaire, and I forget where the third group stayed. The
next day we boarded a Czechoslovakian aircraft for Prague, Czecho-
slovakia. This was the CSA airliner, which I believe is the official
government airline.

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S. 675

Mr. NiTTLE. Just a moment. I wanted to ask you a few questions
about Paris. When you arrived at Paris, did you have occasion to
utilize, or did any members of your group have occasion to utilize,
their United States passports, if they possessed any ?

Mr. Hoffman. Yes. Before entry into France, the passport had to
be produced. I believe also that at Shannon, Ireland, which was a
refueling stop, the passport had to be produced in order to get a land-
ing pass. But in France

The Chairman". At this point, I think. Counsel, and I don't want
to anticipate your examination, I think you should establish right
now, since he is talking about passports, whether they all had pass-
ports and whether they were specifically validated in accordance with
law permitting them to go to Cuba. Can you develop that point at
this time ? That is, unless you want to develop it later on.

Mr. Nrm.,E. Yes, Mr. Chairman.

Did you have in your possession a United States passport ?

Mr. Hoffman. Yes, I did.

Mr. NiTTLE. Had you made application for validation of this pass-
port for travel to Cuba ?

Mr. Hoffman. No, I did not.

Mr. NiTTLE. Was there some reason for that ?

Mr. Hoffman. Why I did not request validation of this passport ?

Mr. NiTTLE. Yes.

Mr. Hoffman. In consultation with the State Department about
my making the trip, it was pointed out to me tliat the validation
stamp was large and its imprint would be so noticeable in my passport
that there would be the danger of its being seen by the Cuban authori-
ties as well as the students. Since I w^ould have the only validated
passport, this would betray my midercover role.

The Chairman. Was it the pattern of the others not to apply for a
validation, or don't you know ?

Mr. Hoffman. I believe so.

Mr. NiTTLE. Were you adopting the pattern of the other members
of this group in not having a specific endorsement noted on your
passport for this travel ?

Mr. Hoffman. Of course I did not see all of the other passports.
However, later on in the trip in Cuba, I heard that two members of
the delegation had requested validation previously, and had been
turned down. I believe it was Stefan Martinot and Anatol Schlosser,
who had requested State Department validation. As far as I know,
nobody had a valid passport.

The Chairman. Did Schlosser make the trip ?

Mr. Hoffman. No, Anatol Schlosser was not present on the trip.

Mr. Pool. Mr. Chairman ? I would like to ask what day he arrived
in Paris. I don't think we established the date there.

The Chairman. The 25th or 26th, I believe.

Mr. Hoffman. It was either the 25th or the 26th. I believe it was
late June 25, to be exact.

Mr. NiTTLE. Did you have to utilize your passports on arrival at
Prague, Czechoslovakia ?

Mr. Hoffman. Yes.

]\Ir. NiTTLE. Will you explain what use was made of the passport
on arrival there ?

676 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

Mr. HoFFMAKT. The passports were examined by Czech officials, I
believe. I also noticed at Pragvie that there was a group visa for all
of the students. I had never previously made application for a visa
for Czechoslovakia.

The Chairman. Did you know when you left Paris, or had you been
told before leaving Paris, or before or at the time you left the United
States, that you would travel through Prague ?

Mr. Hoffman. It had never been mentioned in an official way until
we had reached Paris and had a meeting of the delegation. It was
mentioned that that would be our route, by way of Czechoslovakia.

The Chairman. I suppose counsel has his questions framed in a
chronological order so we will not interrupt too much.

Mr. NiTTLE. I don't recollect whether you told the committee about
the meeting in Paris at which this explanation was made to you.
Would you tell us the circumstances under which that meeting was
held?

Mr. Hoffman. Yes. In Paris the whole American group had din-
ner together, and at this dinner it was mentioned that we would be
going by way of Czechoslovakia.

Mr. NiTTLE. Who mentioned that ?

Mr. Hoffman. That was mentioned by the group leader, Levi
Laub.

Mr. NiTTLE. Was any entry made in Prague upon your passport with
respect to your arrival there? Was the time of arrival stamped in it?

Mr. Hoffman. No, there was nothing marked by the Czechoslo-
vakian authorities.

Mr. NiTTLE. Was any visa stamped or noted upon your passport in
Prague ?

Mr. Hoffman. No.

Mr. NiTTLE. Do you know whether it was stamped upon the pass-
ports of any other persons in this group ?

Mr. Hoffman. I would have no way of knowing, although I imag-
ine that my passport was not treated uniquely.

Mr. NiTTLE. Was anything said during the course of the trip as to
how you should use your passport in the course of this travel ?

Mr. Hoffman. In Czechoslovakia it was mentioned that we were not
to show our passports to any Cuban official when we arrived in Cuba.

Mr. NiTTLE. Wlio mentioned that fact ?

Mr. Hoffman. This was mentioned also by Levi Laub.

Mr. NiTTLE. Was any explanation given at the time as to why you
should not exhibit or show your passport to a Cuban official ?

Mr. Hoffman. I believe there was thought of a legal technicality.
If the passport was not shown to a Cuban official, perhaps it could be
shown that the passport was not used, as it was not required by Cuban
officials, and perhaps it was thought that this might be a loophole.
Cuba did not require a passport, so the passport w^as not used.

Mr. NiTTLE. What happened in Prague after your arrival ?

Mr. Hoffman. In Prague, after we disembarked from the aircraft,
we were again met by an official from, I believe, the American Embassy
or the State Department. I never knew just which department he
represented. He also attempted to read a statement that mentioned
that travel to Cuba was not possible for American citizens without a
valid passport and the possible penalties.

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S. 677

After the arrival in Prague, we were driven by bus to Carlsbad, in
Czechoslovakia, which is very close to the lilast German border.
This was a 4-hour bus ride. In Czechoslovakia Ave stayed at the Grand
Hotel Moscow and we stayed there for approximately 2 days. During
our stay at the Grand Hotel Moscow, there were several meetings of
the delegation discussing the plans for the trip to Cuba.

During one of these meetings, the Cuban Ambassador to Czechoslo-
vakia showed up along with the Cuban consul in Prague. The Cuban
Ambassador informally addressed the group, congratulated them on
having defied their government.

The Chairjman. For having done what ?

Mr. Hoffman. On having defied their government. And congratu-
lated them on wanting to see for themselves conditions in Cuba.

The Chairman. You said awhile ago, or you started to say and we
interrupted you, something about visas mentioned in Czechoslovakia.

Mr. Hoffman. I thinli: I mentioned the fact that I had never ap-
plied for a visa for Czechoslovakia. However, there was a visa wait-
ing for me when I got off the airplane.

We left Czechoslovakia on Saturday, and at the airport while we
were waiting for the airplane we were handed slip visas for Cuba.
This was a visa on a small piece of paper, which I noticed had been
issued at the Cuban consulate in Prague, and we were told that this
was to be the only document that we would show in Cuba. We were not
to show our passports.

Mr. JoHANSEN. Mr. Chairman, could I go back for one point?

You said on your arrival in Prague that the American official at-
tempted to read this statement or give this warning to the group. Do
you mean that he was not able to do so, in saying that he attempted
to do it?

Mr. Hoffman. Well, it was, of course, not mandatory in Czechoslo-
vakia to stand by and listen to the American official. So, many of the
students merely ignored him and walked away. I believe he was quite
embarrassed as his own nationals would not pay much attention to him.

He did stand there, though, and read the statement. I believe he
also had copies of the statement and would have passed them out to
anyone who wanted one. I believe it was the same statement that had
been read in London.

Mr. NiTTLE. To clarify the passport situation, when you arrived in
Prague, you stated you exhibited your passports. To whom did you
exhibit these passports on arrival ?

Mr. Hoffman. This was done to the Czechoslovakian officials.

Mr. NiTTLE. Then subsequently, you received from a Cuban official
a slip visa permitting your entry into Cuba?

Mr. Hoffman. Yes. I don't remember if this was given to us by a
Czech official, a Cuban official, or a member of the delegation, but we
were handed slip visas. I believe that is what they call them, "slip
visas."

Mr. NiTTLE. Do you have the visa in your possession now?

Mr. Hoffman. No. The slip visas were taken from us when we
landed in Havana, Cuba.

The Chairman. By Cuban officials ?

Mr. Hoffman. Yes. They asked for the slip visa.

Mr. NiTTLE. Were you required to execute any document in making
application for a slip visa ?

98-765— 63— pt. 3 3

678 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES EST U.S.

Mr. Hoffman. No. I never made application for a Cuban visa.

Mr. Tuck. Do you know who organized this trip ?

Mr. Hoffman. I am sorry. Would you repeat the question?

Mr. Tuck. I said, "Do you know who organized or sponsored this
trip?"

Mr. Hoffman. Well, it was a very, very complicated trip, and there
were no leaders, as such, with titles, such as director or president of
the trip. Plowever, there were certain students or members of the
delegation who did assmne certain responsibilities.

Mr. NiTTLE. By what means did you travel from Prague to Cuba ?

Mr. Hoffman. The airplane was a Cubana airliner which, I believe,
is the official Cuban Government airline. The route was from Prague,
Czechoslovakia, to Shannon, Ireland. From there to ( iander, Canada,
and then to Havana, where we landed Sunday morning.

The Chairman. That would be June what ?

Mr. Hoffman. I believe that would be June 30. I would have to
check it.

The Chaikmax. You left on June 25. All right.

Mr. NiTTLE. On arrival in Cuba, tell us just what you did with
respect to this visa you had in your possession.

Mr. Hoffman. When vre landed in Havana, the visas were taken
from us and we had to fill out a landing card, which was a card which
requested general information, such as name, address, and occupation.
It also requested a passport number which hud to be filled in on that
card, although, as I mentioned before, the American passport was
never shown in Cuba, but merely the passport number was entered on
that line.

Mr. NiTTLE. Will you continue on. relating what happened after
that?

Mr. Hoffman. We were met at the airport by the Cuban press, who
took many photographs and who took some interviews. We were then
taken by bus to the Hotel Eiviera in Havana, which I understand is
one of their best hotels. That night in Havana we were also greeted
officially by the Cuban Institute for Friendship Among the Peoples,
which we found out was responsible for taking charge of our group
while we were in Cuba. They would arrange the tours, they would
arrange the buses, the hotels, and the guides. On Monday, we had a
formal meeting with the Cuban Federation of Students, who were to
be our official hosts and who were supposed to be paying all the bills.

This is the organization of all Cuban university students; I believe
it is mandatory that they join, so it does include all of the university
students in Cuba.

Mr. NiTTLE. This organization was allegedly paying the bills of your
group for your stay, or were they merely the host ?

Mr. Hoffman. The letter that I mentioned, previously mentioned
that they were the ones who had invited us and who would be paying
the bills.

Mr. NiTTLE. "Wliere did they get the money to pay this extensive
sum ? Are you aware that this Federation maintained any treasury ?

Mr. Hoffman. I would have no way of knowing this, although I
would suspect, as a businessman, that the money probably came from
the Cuban Government, inasmuch as it seemed like a very, very ex-
pensive trip. I believe the tickets for the round-trip flights from
New York to Paris were approximately $500.

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S. 679

Mr. NiTTLE. Per person ?

Mr. IIoFFurAN. Yes. And if yon nmltiply that for ()0 stndents, you
have $30,000. And you take the fliaht from there to Czechoslovakia
and you take the flight from Czechoslovakia to Havana, which was 15
hours, and I believe you come up with a considerable amount of dollars.
Dollars are quite scarce in Cuba, quite scarce. So I don't believe that
the treasury of the Federation of University Students included that
many dollaVs. It had to come from the Cuban Government in my
opinion.

Well, durinir the next few weeks, the student group visited apart-
ment projects, factories, beaches, people's farms, shipyards, schools,
on organized tours throughout the island. There were tours in all of
the provinces from one end of Cuba to the other end. These were
organized tours.

The tours lasted until August 26, and the delegation left Cuba on
August 26 to return to New York by way of Madrid, Spain. On
this flight back from Cuba, I learned that it would be an Iberian air-
liner, and I knew that the airplane had to land at I^ermuda for re-
fueling. All during the tri]-), I had been in telephone contact with
Gordon Hall by prearranged signals, and he suggested to me that I
try to get off the airplane in Bermuda instead of continuing on to
Madricl, Spain.

From Bermuda, I took an airplane back to New York at my own
expense.

Mr. NiTTLE. Mr. Hoffman, from its investigations into this matter,
the committee has determined that certain persons active in the plan-
ning and arrangements for recr\iiting of persons and students for
travel to Cuba were members of, or affiliated with, the Progressive La-
bor ^Movement. During the course of your association with this group,
did you have occasion to identify certain members of this group who
traveled to Cuba with 3' on as members of Progressive Labor ?

Mr. Hoffman. Yes. Members of Progressive Labor did not attempt
to hide their affiliation, either in private conversation with these indi-
viduals or during one of the meetings of the delegation, when Pro-
gressive Labor members were asked to stand. I was able to determiiie
which people in the delegation Avere members of the Progressive Labor
group or organization.

Mr. NiTTLE. The Progressive Labor organization has already l)een
identified in the record of the heai'ings as an ultrarevolutionary Com-
munist splinter group which was formed on or about January 1062 by
INfilton Rosen and Mortimer Scheer, formerly functionaries in the New
York District of the Communist Party who were expelled from the
Communist Party as neo-Trotskyites.

[Disturbance in hearing room.]

The CiiAiEMAN (to audience). Let the Chair state that nobody is
kidding anybody in this room, and we are going to have order.

]Mr. NiTTLE. The charge and order of expulsion announced by the
Communist Partv recited the fact that thev were expelled as "neo-
Trotskyites."

The investigation of the committee indicates that Progressive Labor
played a prominent or leading role in the creation of this project for
travel to Cuba. The committee is endeavoring to ascertain the extent
of Communist involvement in, this travel. It is thei"efore import ;ui! to

680 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

determine whether you have had occasion to identify persons in your
group as members of Progressive Labor.

Would you tell the committee, please, what persons in the travel
group you were able to identify as members of Progressive Labor?

Mr. Hoffman. The members of Progressive Labor were Levi Laub,
Salvatore Cucchiari, Vickie Ortiz, Ellen Shallit, Rhoden Smith,
Wendie Nakashima, John Salter, Larry Phelps, Stefan Martinet,
Eleanor Goldstein, Catherine Prensky, and Mark Tishman, who stated
that he joined Progressive Labor only to be able to take part in the
trip, and he mentioned that he had resigned.

Mr. NiTTLE. Vickie Ortiz, whom you have identified as a member
of Progressive Labor, was not on the passenger list of BOAC or
KLM, according to the committee's investigation, at the time of de-
parture of your group from New York for Cuba. Will you tell the
committee the circumstances under which Vickie Ortiz, whom, you
have mentioned, joined your group ?

Mr. Hoffman. I first saw Vickie Ortiz at the airport in Prague,
Czechoslovakia. Apparently, she liad arrived in Czechoslovakia be-
fore tlie rest of the group and she had been waiting there for the
group.

Mr. Kittle. ^Yhat role did Vickie Ortiz plav in this travel to
Cuba?

Mr. Hoffman. I do not know what actual role she played, although
I knew that she was a member of Progressive Labor. I really had no
way of actually knowing what role she did play although, as I say,
she was in Czechoslovakia before the rest of the group.

Mr. NiTTLE. Do you know whether or not she possessed an Amer-
ican passport?

Mr. Hoffman. Yes. Miss Ortiz, I believe, travels on two passports.
On the trip from Prague, Czechoslovakia, to Havana, there was dis-
cussion of a possibility that the LT.S. Government would attempt to
stop the airliner on the way, perhaps at Ireland or perhaj^s in Canada.
So, for this reason, Miss Ortiz, who carried two passports, as I say,
Mexican and the United States, always left the airplane first, so in
case one of her passports was taken, she would always have another
passport.

Mr. NiTTLE. Would you identify those persons who, in the course
of the journey, appeared to assume a position of leadership?

]\Ir. Hoffman. As I stated previously, there were no official titles
as far as leadership was concerned, so these people are only those that
assumed responsibilities. As this trip was quite complicated, with
the different airliners, the different hotels, and the different arrange-
ments, I presume that there was a lot of prior work on this trip.
Those people that did assume leadership responsibility included Levi
Laub, who was the acknowledged leader and responsible man for the
group in Cuba and who stated later in the trip that he had been to
Cuba previously in Febniary or March, making arrangements for
the trip.

Mr. NiTTLE. In February and IMarch of 1963 ?

Mr. Hoffman. Well, it would be the last February and March.

The Chairman. May I inquire at this point : I understood you to
say awhile ago, and I think you hinted at it again, but if I am wrong,
correct me, that there were certam leaders among the students, that

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S. 681

you were imder tlie leadership of a named individual. Did I under-
stand you to say that ?

Mr. Hoffman. Yes, Mr. Willis.

The Chairman. Describe that a little bit.

Mr. Hoffman. All right. The members of the delegation were
broken up into small groups of approximately four or five. Each
group would have a group leader. What the group leadere' duties
were, were that in the event of any problem on the way to Cuba you
could always ask the group leader what to do next. He would be the
one from which, I believe, the chain of command would follow through.
Also in Cuba, it was felt that the small group should stick together
rather than roaming all around Cuba, and you would always tell your
group leader what you would be doing.

The Chairman. Did you have a group leader ?

Mr. Hoffman. Yes.

The Chairman. Wlio was he ?

]Mr. Hoffman. Salvatore Cucchiari.

The Chairman. Proceed.

Mr. Hoffman. I think I was talking about those who exercised
responsibility and leadership.

The Chairman. Is that what you meant in saying, two or three
times, that there were certain people with responsibility? Were you
referring to these group leaders more specifically, or weren't you?

Mr. Hoffman. I would call the group leaders of a secondary echelon
of leadership. These people are the ones that I believe exercised more
responsibility and possibly were involved in the actual planning of
the trip.

The Chairman. But the general leadership, if it is within your
knowledge, in Cuba was Laub

Mr. Hoffman. Yes. Pie was the acknowledged leader.

The Chairman. The spokesman,

Mr. Hoffman. Yes.

The Chairman. Did you refer to a letter by him some time ago
which he signed as spokesman ?

Mr. Hoffman. He didn't sign it actually as spokesman. He merely
signed the letter with the

The Chairman. The word "spokesman" appeared near his
signature ?

Mr. Hoffman. No. It merely says "Levi Laub, PSCTC^.-'

Anatol Schlosser did not make the trip,

Mr. NiTTLE. Before passing from Levi Laub, we would like you to
tell us a little more about what he did in Cuba. Did he, to your
loiowledge, establish any contact with the Castro regime or Castro
personally ?

Mr, Hoffman. Yes. Very early in the trip, along with two other
members of the delegation, Levi Laub went skin diving with Fidel
Castro. As a matter of fact, it was very well written up in the Cuban
press.

The Chairman. What was written up?

Mr. Hoffman. The skin diving trip of Fidel Castro and Levi Laub.

Mr. NiTTLE. Castro also plays ping-pong, doesn't he ?

]Mr. Hoffman. Yes. That was a very amusing incident when Fidel
Castro visited the students very early in the trip.

The Chairman. Fidel Castro visited the group ?

682 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

Mr. Hoffman. Yes.

The Chairman. And what happened?

Mr. Hoffman. I believe this was probably the second or third day,
or perhaps the fourth day, that we were in Cuba, and we were staying
at a very nice resort hotel. I believe it was the Hotel International,
Veradero Beach. During lunch — all the students were having lunch
together — it was mentioned that Fidel Castro had come. I suspected
that perhaps Fidel had come to address the group or perhaps welcome
the group to Cuba, because this was the first time I would have seen
Fidel and also the first time that the student group would have seen
Fidel.

I waited perhaps 5 or 6 minutes, and Fidel never came into the
dining room, but I noticed that a lot of the students were getting up
and going to the back of the hotel. I also did this, and there was Fidel
Castro with about six of his bodj^guards around a ping-pong table,
and he indicated that he would like to play ping-pong with members
of the delegation from the United States. I thought this was "hu-
mility," and the ping-pong game proceeded.

Mr. NiTTLE. Humility f Or was he attempting to adjust his conduct
in accordance with the maturity of the group or its intellectual level ?

Mr. Hoffman. Well, if you hear the rest of the story, I believe it
will answer your question.

The Chairman. Just give the facts and not conclusions.

[Demonstration in hearing room.]

The Chairman (to audience). We are not going to have this dem-
onstration here. You might as well make up your minds on that. You
can tempt the chairman so much, but I am not going to take the bait.

Mr. HoFFM^vN. There was a big mob around the ping-pong table,
and Fidel proceeded to play with one of the members of the delega-
tion. I thought, again, that he would play maybe a short game of 5
or 11, but this wasn't the case. Apparently, he wanted to play for
21, which is a very, very long game. As a matter of fact, he kept
score. This game took about a half hour, and I thought, "Well, all
right, he played his ping-pong game and now he will address the
students." This wasn't the case. He wanted to play another game of
ping-pong. This continued for about four or five games of ping-pong,
during which time Fidel became very much interested in this game,
so much so, that he took his hat off and took his shirt off; and, by the
way, he was dressed in the fatigue uniform, the dark green shirt and
pants and conibat boots.

He then proceeded to remove his combat boots. He was all set for
a good ping-pong match. I believe it was approximately seven or
eight games. Again, he was deeply interested in this game of ping-
pon(^. Finally, one of the members of the delegation came very close
to winning one of the ping-pong games. I think the score was 21 to 21
or 22 to 23, and this kept going on and on. Finally he won the game,
but he wanted to play again with that individual. This went on for
21/^ hours. Mind you, this was in the very, very hot sim in Veradero.
Finally the game finished, and I believe it was 21/0 to 3 hours.

The Chairman. At this point, about how many of the students
participated ?

Mr. Hoffman. IMaybe four or five students that were playfully
playing ping-pong with him. But at the end of the ping-pong game
when the students gathered around him to ask questions about Cuba

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S. 683

and the Cuban economy and items of interest like that, Fidel said.
"I am sorry, I can't. I have to cet back to the affairs of State." Here
he had been playini^ pino;-pono: for almost 3 hours.

Well, Fidel Castro left and Fidel Castro never addressed the stu-
dents after that. I believe tliat is some indication of how his mind
works.

The CiiATRMAN. Let me ask you: Was that the only occasion when
he came in contact with the students while you were there? Do you
know whether he had further personal contacts with the student body
as distino-nished, perhaps, from some leaders?

Mr. Hoffman. I know specificall}^ of one meetino-, which I men-
tioned before, the fishing trip, with Levi Laub and two other members
of the delegation.

The Chairman. Fidel went on a fishing trip with Laub and who
else?

Mr. Hoffman. Well, it was a skin diving trip with Marcus Gordon
and Richard Velez. As I say, it was veiy well covered in the Cuban
press, Fidel skin diving.

Mr. NiTTLE. In dealing with the position of Levi Laub, in what
way did the Cuban press refer to him ?

Mr. Hoffman. To T^evi Laub ?

Mr. NiTTLE. Yes.

Mr. HoFFiNiAN. I believe he was merely described as the leader of
the American delegation. There was much publicity in the Cuban
press on the Cuban trip.

The Chairman. T am sure we will 2:0 into that.

Mr. NiTTLE. During the course of the visit in Cuba, was there any
difference of opinion or any controversy arising as to the time for
leaving Cuba?

Mr. Hoffman. Yes, the trip was originally slated for 30 days, and
an extension was given — T believe it was a 10-day extension — which
would put it into around August 10. But there were delays after that.

Mr. NiTTLE. How did Levi Laub resolve this question of extending
the stay in Cuba ?

Mr. HoFF:i\rAN. Toward the end of the trip, there vrere manj?^ meet-
ings of the delegation ; and at one of these meetings somebody brought
up the fact that some of the members did not want to return directly
with the entire group, but, instead, wanted to perhaps stay in Cuba to
do som.e writing, to stay longer, or to stay in Europe on our way home.
This was brought up at the meeting, and Levi Laub mentioned that
]iermission for doing this would have to come from the Cuban Institute
for Friendship Among the Peoples or the Foreign Ministry of Cuba.

Tlie person that made the initial statement did ask Levi if he would
please make the request. When this was mentioned. Levi got up and
mentioned very, very emphatically that he does not talk to the Foreign
IVrinistry. He only talks to the Federation of University Students or
the Cuban Institute for Friendship Among the Peoples. I believe
he wanted to make it very, very clear that he did not talk directly to
the Foreign Ministry of Cuba.

The Chairman. He talked to Fidel directly ?

Mr. Hoffman. No. no, I believe he just did not want to give the im-
pression that he would have the power to go to the Foreign Ministry.
I believe the skin diving trip with Fidel was perhaps for fun. Fid^l

684 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES EST U.S.

wanted to make an impression on the leader of the American delega-
tion.

Mr. NiTTLE. I believe you stated Levi Laub told your group, or
members of the group — you being present — that he had been in Cuba
in February and March 19G3 making arrangements for this trip ?

Mr. Hoffman. Yes. He stated that lie had been in Cuba during
February and ]\Iarch.

JNIr. NiTTLE. You have mentioned Levi Laub as one of the principal
leaders. Are there any others in this group you would identify as
such ?

Mr. Hoffman. I would state Anatol Schlosser, although he did not
come on the trip, inasmuch as my initial correspondence was with him
and I believe he was one of the initial spokesmen for the trip.

Mr, NiTTLE. Did j^ou have occasion to learn during the course of the
trip, from any of the persons in the group, as to why Schlosser did not
go on this particular trip ?

Mr. Hoffman. Yes. I believe tliat it was mentioned that Schlosser
was scared and that his prior appearance before the House Committee
frightened him. This came about in conversation.

Mr. NiTTLE. From whom did you hear that ?

Mr. Hoffman. I don't remember.

(At this point Mr. Tuck left the hearing room.)

The Chair:man. It should be indicated that Mr. Schlosser was ex-
amined by this committee at tlie opening of these hearings back in
May.

Mr. NiTTLE. Were there any other persons that played a principal
leadership role during the course of this trip ?

Mr. Hoffman. Yes. Phillip Luce assumed responsibilities and ad-
dressed the students on many occasions. Phillip Luce was an employee
of the Emergency Civil Liberties Committee, and this was loiown in
Cuba. I believe he is the editor of Rights magazine, which is an
Emergency Civil Liberties Committee publication. He assumed the
cliairmanship of the press committee and was responsible for handling
the press and dealing with the press while in Cuba. Also during the
trip he made ■

Mr. NiTTLE. Before you pass on, you stated he assumed the posi-
tion of chairman of the press committee. I note in Exhibit 4, the
press release of June 26, 1963, that it is noted thereon that Phillip
Abbott Luce was acting for the press committee. Are you aware
how he assumed that particular position prior to the travel to Cuba?

Mr. Hoffman. That seemed kind of strange to me also, because
T received a copy of that press release in Cuba and it was stated at the
bottom of the statement that he was "for the Press Committee."
There was a selection or election of members of the press committee in
Cuba, and he assumed the chairmanship of that, although again it
seemed kind of strange that lie was on the press committee even before
it was elected. It was mentioned that Phillip Luce had a lot of expe-
rience with handling tlie press and could do the job very well.

]Mr. NiTTLE. I state for the record, Mr. Chairman, that the Emer-
gency Civil Liberties Committee has been cited by this committee as
a Communist-front organization.

The Chairman. Yes, I am aware of that.

Mr. Hoffman. I might mention also that, during the trip, Phillip
Luce mentioned that he had been in contact with New York, with a

PRO-CASTKO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S. G85

Mr. Foreman, and I believe Mr. Foreman was reading to him press
releases and information on how the trip was being received in the
United States.

]Mr. NiTTLE. How do you have knowledge that he was in commimi-
cation with Mr. Foreman, whose name, I believe is Clark Foreman,
director of the Emergency Civil Liberties Committee ?

]\Ir. IIoFFiMAX. This came up during dinner, or during lunch, when
it was mentioned. Actually, it was mentioned several times.

INIr. NiTTLE. Was this mentioned by Luce himself ?

Mr. HoFF3iAX. Yes.

Mr. NiTTLE. Would you tell us what he said about this ?

jSIr. Hoffman. Well, he mentioned that he had been in a telephone
conversation with Mr. Foreman in New York and, for example, the
Neiii York Times had a very favorable editorial on the student trip.

(At this point JNIr. Tuck entered the hearing room.)

Mr. NiTTLE. And Mr. Luce noted that fact ?

IVIr. Hoffman. Yes.

INIr. NiTTLE. Do I understand you to say that he attributed this fact
to the publicity efforts of Clark Foreman?

Mr. Hoffman. It was never mentioned. I imagine the New Yorh
Times took it as a constitutional issue.

]\Ir, NiTTLE. Were there any other individuals who assumed a
principal position of leadership during the trip?

Mr. Hoffman. I would say Ellen Shallit, inasmuch as her apart-
ment was used for the rendezvous; also Salvatore Cucchiari who, in
addition to being a group leader, I later found out, arranged trans-
portation for the California members of the delegation. He arranged
their transportation from California to New York, I believe, by way
of car pools and other methods of transportation. In addition,
Stefan Martinot often addressed the group.

Mr. NiTTLE. What other position did Stefan Martinot hold on group
committees, if any, that may have been formed?

Mr. Hoffman. I believe he was also on the press committee.

]\Ir. NiTTLE. Where there any other persons that you would place
in this category of leadership ?

Mr. Hoffman. I believe that the leadership would include these
and I am sure that there are others that I was not able to find out
about. As I say, it was a very complicated trip, one that was not
hastily organized.

Mr. NiTTLE. You have mentioned Larry Wilf ord Phelps and Wendie
Nakashima as members of the Progressive Labor group. Did you
observe their actvities in connection with assisting or directing activi-
ties of the group ?

Mr. Hoffman. Yes. There was one incident which I can mention,
which seemed quite strange to me at the time. After about the third
week of July, certain members of the delegation became bored with
seeing so many schools and so many factories. I believe that the im-
pression was that they had visited every school in Cuba.

So there was a meeting to decide whether or not the group might
split, perhaps into two groups, with one group returning to Havana
and the other group staying on the tour.

There was a meeting, as I say, and two of the most outspoken in-
dividuals against the split were Miss Nakashima and Mr, Phelps.

686 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

They felt that the group should stick together and it should not split.
Those in favor of the split, naturally, got up and defended their posi-
tion. As it was, the vote was carried that, I believe, 14 or 15 left the
tour and returned to Havana the next day. It was very strange that
on this bus returning to Havana were Miss Nakashima and Mr. Phelps.
I believe they had been sent back as chaperones to watch the balance
of the group.

That was getting close to July 26, and there was a possibility that
some of the students that would be returning to Havana might run
into newsmen. I believe, rather than let them do this, they were sent
back with Mr. Phelps and with Miss Nakashima as chaperones. Mr.
Phelps did assume certain leadership on the trip back. For example,
he attempted to find out what the interests were of that group and
he attempted to arrange for tours.

Mr. NiTTLE. Was any effort made by the leadership to control the
statements that were anticipated would be made by members of the
group who were traveling to Cuba ?

Mr. HoFFMAx. Yes. Early in the trip, Stefan Martinot brought
up the point that there should be a press committee; individuals
should not be able to speak to members of the press, as whatever indi-
viduals would say would be taken as coming from the whole group.
He suggested that a press committee be formed.

As a result of this, a press committee was formed, and their duty
was to handle press statements for members of the press. These peo-
ple did come up with press statements, which were read to the balance
of the delegation; and the balance of the delegation would vote on
the press release.

Mr. NiTTLE. Did he make any statement as to the composition of
the Permanent Student Committee for Travel to Cuba ?

Mr. HoFFMAX. Yes. I think he wanted to make it clear during
this same meeting that everybody on that trip constituted the Perma-
nent Student Committee for Travel to Cuba. I believe he did that to
give the impression of everybody should stick together and "You are
all members of the group."

Mr. NiTTLE. Did the press committee establish contact with the
Cuban press and radio ?

Mr. Hoff:hax. Wlien you say "contact," I presume, perhaps, you
mean through press conferences ?

Mr. NiTTLE. Yes.

Mr. Hoffman. Yes. There was a press conference held July 29.
In addition to the Cuban press, there were American press and mem-
bers of the international press. A press release was issued and read
to the press.

Mr. NiTTLE. I have here, marked for identification as "Hoffman
Exhibit No. 5," a press release of the delegation from the United
States, dated July 29, 1963. I want to ask you whether you can identi-
fy that as one of the press releases issued by the press committee.

Mr. Hoffman. Yes. This is the press release that I believe was
read at the July 29 press conference.

Mr. NiTTLE."^ Mr. Chairman, I offer that exhibit in evidence.

The Chairman. Do you offer the exhibit ?

Mr. NiTTLE. Yes, sir.

The Chairman. Let it be incorporated into the record.

(Document marked "Hoffman Exhibit No. 5" follows.)

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S. 687

Hoffman Exhibit No. 5
Press Release of Student Delegation Fkom United States

Having spout nearly a month in Cuba as the guests of the Cuban Federation
of University Students, all 5S of us Americans have oome to certain definite
conclusions regarding our trip to Cuba.

All of us are now more convinced, than when we originally left the United
States, of the absurdity of our Stale Department's public notices attempting
to limit travel to those countries it considers •"safe". Our trip to Cuba has
shown daily that American citizens are as safe to travel and/or visit in Cuba as
they are to walk the streets of New York City — if not more so. Believing that
the right to travel is an inherent right of all American citizens we are now
forced to come to the unhappy conclusion that the American State Department
disapproves of our travel to Cuba (or China, Albania, North Korea or North
Viet Nam) not because of its stated, public rationalities, but rather because it
is afraid that if we visit these countries we will discover what is really taking
place therein. Certainly if the United States State Department believes in the
principles of democracy, as all of us were taught them in grade and high-school,
then it should admit that only an informed public can actively participate in a
democratic society. Unfortunately, there is now little question in our minds
that regarding conditions in Cuba the American public, largely as a result of
the State Department "ban" on travel to that island, is uninformed and misin-
formed and has little concept of what conditions actually are today in Cuba. If
this is true of Cuba our conclusion is that it may also be equally true therefore
of Albania, China, North Korea and North Viet Nam.

Any of the conclusions that members of our group have drawn of the actual
conditions of Cuba were drawn after extensive travel throughout the island and
conversations with students, farmers, workers, and people jailed for counter
revolutionary activity, as well as the leaders of the Cuban government. The
Cubans have allowed us the maximum freedom to travel throughout the island,
and the city of Havana. We have gone throughout the countryside as a group
but were still given ample time to meet with the Cuban people and to see the
places that we wanted to see on our own. From our first arrival in Havana
until our departure, the Cuban government was insistent that we see for our-
selves the failures as well as the accomplishments of the Cuban revolution.
Even those of us who are critical of certain aspects of the revolution admit that
we have had freedom to see for ourselves what is really liappeniug in Cuba.

"When we left the United States for this visit to Cuba we stressed that every
individual on this trip would be free to express his own i)oliticaI views regarding
the Cuban revolution. This policy is still in effect — all of the students on this
trip are free agents regarding their political opinions of Cuba. There are, how-
ever, certain aspects of today's Cuba on which we all agree. Regardless of press
and counter-revolutionary reportage emanating from the United States we
have discovered that the vast majority of Cubans support the socialist govern-
ment of Fidel Castro. Although the major itj' of the Cubans we have met support
the socialist revolution many of us have also met people who oppose the revolu-
tion. Most people have met with us openly and have shown no fear to publically
[sic] express their dissent. We do not intend to get into percentages of support
as none of us has the background of a George Gallup nor can any of us help but
recall the misadventures that American poll gatherers have suffered in the
past — e.g. the 1948 American Presidential election.

We have discovered that the educational system in Cuba is far more ad-
vanced and progressive than w^e had been led to believe before this visit. Il-
literacy has now been wiped out in Cuba. We have all discovered that if
Cuba is a "police state" then it is indeed the most unique "police state" that
has ever existed. Here people of both sexes and of every age carry guns and
are capable of either assassinating the government leaders or overthrowing
the government if the discontent were as universal as certain American sources
would have us believe. Everywhere we have traveled we have been treated
with courtesy and friendship. The Cuban people have shown concern that
peaceful relations be reinstituted between the Cuban and American People.

The advances of the Cuban Revolution have been remarkable in housing,
development of diverse manufacturing and farming. Although numerous dif-
ficulties are evident throughout the economic structure of the country, there

688 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

is no doubt in our minds that the Cuban revolution is today a secure revolu-
tion. We believe that the socialist revolution is so secure in Cuba, whether we
as Americans like it or not, that only through a calamatous war of incredible
proportions could the revolution be destroyed.

There is no doul)t that the American sponsored and operated "embargo"' on
goods destined for Cuba has had a dilatory but not disastrous effect on that
Island. We have all felt an embarrassment at knowing that our government
is responsible for many of the needless hardships that the Cuban people today
suffer.

While our trip to Cuba has been extremely informative for all of us, we
have been shocked by the unfortunate death of one of our members, Hector
Warren Hill. Not only has his death been a blow to all of us, but the fact
that certain United States sources have attempted to misrepresent this accident
is appalling to all of us. There is no question but that Mr. Hill's death was
an accident and any person or agency that contends otherwise is delving into
the worst kind of slander and libelous reporting.

Upon our arrival in the United States we are preparte [sic] for harassment [sic]
and possible legal procecution [sic]. We came to Cuba knowing full well that we
were defying a State Dpt. public notice, but we deny any accusation that
our trip violated the precepts of our American Constitution or of our democratic
heritage. Today we are no more the tools of the Cuban government than we
are the tools of our own State Department.

We are encouraged by the extent of the publicity we have received in the
United States and today are more confident than ever that the vast majority
of Americans support our position of freedom to travel where we like and
when we like. No amount of persecution or prosecution can change our original
proposition that our trip to Cuba violates no law and is in the best interest
of all Americans.

July 29, 1963.

Mr. NiiTLE. Do you have copies of any of the press articles dis-
seminated by the Cuban press within Cuba ?

Mr. Hoffman. Yes. I clipped the Cuban newspapers, and here
I have a pile of newspapers that mentions the student trip. This is
not complete and these are only single tear sheets. But the Cuban
press made a big play of the trip practically every day, what anyone
did on the trip being reported in the press, visits to the factories, visits
to the schools. I believe it was great propaganda for the Cuban
Government within Cuba. I think if you will look through them

The Chairman. Let me ask you this general question and don't go
beyond the facts that you know: Was the group authorized to go
anywhere they wanted and choose what they wanted to see, or were
the tours more or less guided ?

jNIr. Hoffman. This delegation was treated quite royally. They
were a privileged group in Cuba. It was not mandatory to go on any
tour. Any individual who merely wanted to stay at the Hotel Riviera
and use the swimming pool certainly could do that. If other members
of the delegation cared to roam around Havana, they could also do
this ; but remember now, this was a privileged group and every attempt
was made

The Chairman. What I meant was, you mentioned seeing schools
and factories and so on. Was that at the suggestion of the group that
asked what they wanted to see, or did you get the impression that
what they saw was a guided trip on what the Cubans wanted to show
them? That is the general burden of my question.

Mr. Hoffman. It was basically a guided tour. For example, I
made numerous requests to visit La Cabana Prison, the infamous
prison in Havana, and also if I could visit the Isle of Pines, which
was also a place I understood political prisoners were kept. I made

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S. 689

this request several times and each time I was told, "Certainly, cer-
tainly, we will get you permission." But this permission never came.

As a matter of fact, one day I went up to one of the prisons, which
I believe was Principe, and merely knocked on the door and asked
if I might please come and visit some of the counterrevolutionaries,
people that I heard had been held without trial in Cuba. This greatly
shook up the guards at the prison, and there was much commotion.
I never got in. They told me to go to the Minister of Interior, who
had the responsibility for the prison. I suggested that perhaps we
telephone this individual from the prison, but this w^as not done. I
got the point tliat they were not going to show us things like these
prisons.

The Chairjian. Let me ask you this question, limited to the knowl-
edge that you personally possess: Was the group guided to military
bases as part of a general "See all you w^ant of what is going on
policy," or what ?

Mr. Hoffman. No, military bases were not part of the guided tour.
As a matter of fact, people asked me, "Did you see rockets in Cuba?"
Well, they don't keep rockets on the main highways. I heard much
talk about rockets in Cuba, but I was never able to confirm their
existence. I did make one individual visit to an airfield, but this was
not an airfield where there were many aircraft, military aircraft,
present. There were training planes. When I asked where tlie mili-
tary aircraft were kept, I was told they were underground and I
couldn't see them. But they weren't going to open up the bases where
the military aircraft were kept. As a matter of fact, I also made a
request to visit some of the Soviet bases that I had lieard existed in
Cuba.

The Chairman. How was your request trea^ted ?

Mr. Hoffman. They merely wrote it clown and said, "Sure, sure."

The Chairman. But it didn't come about?

Mr. Hoffman. It never came through. I saw many Russians in
Cuba and I asked, "AVliere are they going?"

Tlie Chairman. You did see Russians in Cuba ?

Mr. Hoffman. Yes. There are many, many Russians in Cuba. I
even photographed a truckload of them riding through Havana. It
isn't imusual to see convoys of Soviet or Czech trucks with 10 or 15
Russians in the back of the truck. These men were obviously enlisted
men. They were very, very young. They were, also, obviously
soldiers.

The Chairman. Did you see any Chinese nationals?

Mr. Hoffman. I believe there were a number of tourists from China
at the Hotel Riviera. Did you say "Nationalists"? "Communists"
or "Nationalists" ?

The Chairman. You said that you saw Russian convoys and Rus-
sian troops, here and there, and trucks and so on. Did you see
Chinese people along the same lines ?

Mr. Hoffman. Yes, I did see Chinese. I believe there were some
tourists at the Hotel Riviera.

The Chairman. How about military?

Mr. Hoffman. I did see approximately a dozen very high-ranking
Chinese officers at the July 26 celebration in Havana. As I say, they
were obviously high-ranking because of their uniforms and gold braid.
I did not see any other Chinese militaiy personnel.

690 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

The Chairman. Such as in trucks or convoys?

Mr. Hoffman. No. I never noticed the Chinese, although as I say
I noticed many, many Kussians.

Mr. JoHANSEN. Were the Eussians that you saw both in and out of
uniform ?

Mr. Hoffman. I never saw the Russians in uniform. But, actually,
the way they were dressed it appeared like a uniform. Everybody
had a sport shirt.

The Chairman. In other words, they were uniformly dressed ?

Mr. HoFFsiAN. Yes, it was very, very clear that they were uniformly
dressed. These were not ordinary Russian tourists riding on the back
of these military trucks, and they were not officers inasmuch as they
were so young. Again, I did not ask to see an identification card, but
it was apparent that these were not just the instructors, in my opinion.

Mr. NiTTLE. May we mark the photographs you have taken of the
Russian vehicles as an exhibit? The committee may receive them
in evidence. I would like to pass these to the chairman and the
members of the committee.

The Chairman. The photographs will be received in evidence.

Proceed.

(Photographs marked "Hoffman Exhibit Xo. 6" and retained in
committee files.)

Mr. NiTTLE. Were any efforts made to indoctrinate your group with
respect to the policies and interests of Communist governments,
whether Cuban, Chinese, or others ?

Mr. Hoffman. First, let me again say that, as Gordon Hall told
me before I inade this trip, this would not be a group of ordinary
American students. Ordinary American students do not defy their
Government, do not travel to Cuba in defiance of law.

[Laughter.]

The Chairman (to audience). This is certainly no joke and it is
certainly truthful. We are not going to have any laughing over it.

Mr. Hoffman. I don't see it as a joke either. I believe there was
a definite pro-Communist orientation on these students and I believe
they did great harm to our country in going to Cuba.

Again, these were not ordinary American students that you might
take from the American campuses, for example, a 4— H member or a
member of the Republican or Democratic Party. These were not
typical American students.

Mr. JoHANSEN. Do you know how many were students at all, or
how many were not students ?

Mr. Hoffman. I can't give the exact number, but there was a
number who were not students. As a matter of fact, the ages went
from 18 to 33, and a lot of them were not students. 'V^'lien I say "stu-
dent," I presume you mean enrolled in a university or college.

A lot were not students. But with respect to indoctrination, as
Gordon Hall told me before, most of these students made up their
minds long before they came to Cuba as to what they would see. I
was in Cuba also, and some of the things that I saw were not v^hat
they saw. I really believe that if this student trip had been to the
Soviet Union or Communist China or North Korea, the results would
have been the same.

As a matter of fact, if you will read the press statement, it states
that since they have been to Cuba and there have been so many lies,

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S. 691

perhaps the same is true of North Korea, North Vietnam, and I be-
lieve it mentions other countries.

Ao-ain, tliese were not typical American students. With respect to
indoctrination, the embassies from the other Communist countries
tried to fret in on the bandwao-on. For example, the Chinese Commu-
nist Embassy in Havana scheduled several movies for the students.

Affain I sav students, but you Icnow tlie context in Avhich I use that.
There were Communist propao^anda films shown several times at the
Chinese Embassy and, in addition, propaganda material was handed
out quito freelv, not only at these different embassies but also at the
hotel.

For example, liere is some of the material that was freely given out.
It is from all over — North Korea, the South Vietnam National Libera-
tion Front, which I believe is now in conflict with American soldiers.

The CiiATR3iAx. This material you say was handed to this group,
students and nonstudents?

Mr. HoFFMAX. Yes, some was handed to them at the hotel. For ex-
ample, the South Vietnamese National Liberation Front material,
such as "Genocide Crime in South Viet Nam," "Under the Yoke of the
U.S. — Doom in South Viet Nam." There was material from the Vene-
zuelan FALN, which I believe is a Communist organization in Vene-
zuela.

I might add it was kind of strange that one morning there was a
film shown by the South Vietnamese National Liberation Front.

The CiiATRMAN". Shown to whom ?

INIr. HoFFMAx. ShoAvn to the American delegation. This film por-
trayed military operations in South Vietnam by the South Vietnamese
National Liberation Front involving x\merican soldiers. During the
course of this film, an American plane was shot down and there was
great clieerin<i from tlie students.

Ae:ain, this is not a tvi^ical group of American students.

]\rr. JoiiANSEN". "Was that a Chinese or Russian film ?

Mr. HoFFMAX. I don't know wlio made the film. I believe it was the
South Vietnamese National Liberation Front that made the film. In
addition, there were also some shots of Mao Tse-tung during the course
of this film. Again, Am.erican students do not cheer Mao Tse-tung.

Mr. JoHANSEN. Where was that film shown ?

Mr. HoFFZMAX. That was shown at the Hotel Eiviera in the Inter-
national Salon. The South Vietnamese Liberation Front was invited
bv the Cuban Government to take part in the July 26 celebration.
They were also staying at the hotel. They distributed much literature
to the students.

Mr. JoiiANSEX. Was it a South Vietnam representative who showed
the film?

Mr. HoFFMAX. Yes. Again, the South Vietnamese Liberation
Front is the Communist organization trying to take over Vietnam.

Mr. .ToTiANSEx. You spoke of two Chinese films being shown. Were
those Chinese-produced from China ?

Mr. Hoffman. Yes. These were actually Chinese films.

Mr. JoTTANSEX. And the locale was in China ?

Mr. Hoffman. The locale of one film was the border between China
and India. I believe these films were shown to give the impression
that it was India that invaded China, not China that invaded India.
These were propaganda films showing the Chinese point of view.

692 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

Mr. JoHANSEN. Did I understand you correctly? Did you indicate
that the one fihn was to show that the Chinese had invaded India,
or was it the reverse i

Mr. Hoffman. I understand your question. No, these tiluis were
shown by the Chinese and, as such, they showed tlie Chinese Com-
munist point of view throughout, the fact that China was invaded by
India and that the Chinese frontier guards were valiantly throwing
back the Indians. It was interesting because it showed many scenes
of the Chinese Army.

They always called them frontier guards, and it gave me the im-
pression there were two million frontier guards of the Chinese.

Mr. JoHANSEX. What was the subject matter, if you recall it, of the
other film?

Mr. Hoffman. Well, it was a 21/2 -hour film about a young Chinese
girl that was trying to get into the Communist Party, and it took
her £1/2 hours on the film.

These were propaganda films. They were not for entertainment, as
we go to movies here. I have the program for 2 typical days. I took
it from the bulletin board of the Hotel Kiviera. If I can find it, I
will show you what would happen during the course of the 2 typical
days.

The Chairman. Among the literature, the films, and everything
else, was there any of it that you would regard as pro- American or
pro- Western ?

Mr. Hoffman. During my whole 2 months in Cuba, I don't think
I saw anything that was pro-American with respect to the Cuban
Government, the Cuban officials, or any of these embassies.

Mr. NiTTLE. On the other hand, did you see anything indicating
Cuban and Soviet friendship ? I believe you have a pennant that you
exhibited to us.

Mr. HoFF^iAN. The Cubans don't "try" to show their friendship
with the Soviet Union. It is quite apparent everywhere. I have a
typical banner which I took from there.

Mr. XiTTLE. Would you describe it for the record?

Mr. Hoffman. It is a banner approximately 20 inches by 6 inches
wide, I would guess, with Fidel Castro clasping hands with Nikita
Khrushchev, showing the friendship between the two governments.
In addition to this one, there was another one about the same size that
I wasn't able to take. It showed Khrushchev and Fidel Castro clasp-
ing hands.

This is not hidden. When you go to Cuba, these things are evident.
For example, here is a photograph that I took in Havar.a of a picture
of Mao Tse-tung, and underneath it says, "Amigo de Cuba," which
translates as "friend of Cuba."

The Chairman. Do you understand Spanish?

Mr. Hoffman. Yes. I can understand "Amigo de Cuba." I can
show you this if you like.

(Banner handed to committee.)

The Chairman. These exhibits can be retained for our files.

Mr. NiTTLE. Yes, sir.

Mr. Hoffman. I can probably spend hours showing you some of
the things that do point up this great friendship between the Russians
and the Cubans.

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S. 693

JSIr. JoiiAXSEN. Did any of the material relate to the last October
incident?

Mr. Hoffman. Do you mean the invasion? You mean the crisis,
tlie blockade?

Mr. JoiiANSEN. Yes.

Mr. IIoFFMAX. I believe Fidel is using this as "Here is the reason
why we are in such bad straits, because of the American blockade,
the' American embargo."' This is mentioned. Every speech that is
given mentions this.

Mr. NiTTLE. You talked of the program of a typical day in the
course of your travel in Cuba.

I believe you have a copy of the program that you are referring
to?

Mr. Hoffman. Yes. This is the itinerary for Monday, July 29, and
also Wednesday, August 7, which I took from the Hotel Kiviera bul-
letin board.

Mr. NiTTLE. That is the actual notice published there, is it?

Mr. Hoffman. This is the notice of the itinerary for Monday,
July 20, and August 7, Wednesday. For example, Monday — at 5
o'clock, there is a visit to the Embassy of Vietnam, wdiich, of course,
is North Vietnam. A visit like that would produce much interesting
literature.

At 8 o'clock, a movie at the Chinese Embassy, which would, of
course, be the Chinese Communist Embassy. Tuesday, July 30, it is
also on this sheet, and at 10 a.m. there is a meeting with the Venezuelan
delegation. That would be the delegation of FLN and FALN, which
is the Communist delegation of Venezuela.

Mr. JonANSEN. Did your visits include the Soviet Embassy ?

Mr. Hoffman. I don't remember any official visit to the Soviet Em-
bassy. That is probably because most of the individuals in Progres-
sive Labor on the trip were pro-Chinese, as opposed to pro-Russian.

I am sure, though, that several students did visit the Russian Em-
bassy because some of tliem came back with the two-volume set of
books by Nikita Khrushchev. But this was not an official tour. Only
the Chinese Embassy and the Vietnamese Embassy were official.

As a matter of fact, during the visit to the Chinese Embassy, they
unofficially extended an invitation for members of the delegation to
visit Communist China in 6 months.

Mr. NiTTLE. Was your group joined by other Americans who had
not gone with you to Cuba ?

Mr. Hoffman. Yes. There was a reception by the American resi-
dents in Cuba. They have an organization I believe called the North
American Friends of Cuba.

Mr. NiTTLE. Will you describe the nature of that organization ?

Mr. HoFFJiAN. It is an organization of Americans that work for the
Cuban Government or work in Cuba. I imagine anyone working in
Cuba would be working for the government, because the government
owns most everything.

Mr. NiTTLE. How do you know that fact ?

Mr. Hoffman. That they work for the government ?

Mr. NiTTLE. Yes.

Mr. Hoffman. They told me. For example, tliere was Harold
Spencer, wdio worked for the Cuban radio station on propaganda

98-765— 63— pt. 3. 4

694 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

broadcasts. He was a member of the North American Friends of
Cuba. In addition, Robert Williams

[Applause within audience.]

The CiTAiRMA?^. Officers, I hope you will keep your eyes on the
leaders of this demonstration.

Mr. Hoffman. As I say. Robert Williams addressed the group many
times and also was around the hotel. He also gave out copies of his
Tlie Cnisader^ the monthly newsletter which characterizes the United
States as Facist government.

]\Ir. NiTTLE. Do you have a copy of that ?

INIr. Hoffman. Yes.

Mr. NiTTLE. Mr. Chairman, may we mark it for identification and
receive it in evidence ?

The Chairman. Yes. It will be received and marked.

(Document marked "Hoffman Exhibit No. 7" and retained in
committee files.)

Mr. NiTTLE. Did Harold Spencer serve the Cuban Government in
any military capacity ?

Mr. HoFFMAX. In conversation with Harold Spencer, I learned
that he was a member of the Cuban militia, the Peoples' Army.
Harold Spencer was in uniform at one time. I was told that many of
the Americans in Cuba are also in the militia.

Mr. NiTTLE. Of course, we are aware that the student leadership
publicly stated that the purpose of going to Cuba was to see for them-
selves. However, during the course of the trip, was there anything
said by one or more of this leadership that indicated to you that their
purpose was something else ?

Mr. HoFFiiAN. Yes. The purpose of the trip as stated by Levi Laub
during one meeting was to "break" the United States travel ban.

The Chairman. Where was that meeting ?

Mr. Hoffman. This wns at the Hotel Riviera. I believe it was at
the August 2 meeting. I can check my notes later to give you the
exact date. This was when some members of the delegation did not
want to return to the United States directly. Laub was reminding
them of their responsibilities. He very emphatically stated the pur-
pose of this trip was to "break" the United States traA^el ban and not
to see and evaluate Cuba.

Mr. JoHANSEN. Not to what ?

Mr. Hoffman. He didn't say not to see it, but that was the implica-
tion.

The Chairman. He said the purpose of the trip was to "break"
the American ban against travel to Cuba ?

Mr. Hoffman. Yes. He phrased it to "break" the U.S. travel ban.

The Chairman. To "break" the U.S. travel ban ?

Mr. HoFF]\rAN. It is the travel ban on U.S. citizens going to Cuba
without a valid passport, which I believe is part of onr foreign policy.

Tlie Cttatr^man. Yet in the press release of June 26, which has been
marked Exhibit No. 4, 1 read this :

Accepting an all-expense paid invitation from the Cuban Federation of Uni-
versity Students in Havana to visit and meet with the Cuban people and stu-
dents, to discuss student life and the Cuban Revolution, the students declare
that their purpose in making the trip vpas to see and evaluate Cuba for them-
selves.

That is the release. But that was not the purpose ?

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S. 695

Mr. HoFFMAX. I think a member of the deleiration mi<i:ht have had
several reasons, but the most important, as stated by Levi Laub, was to
"break'' the U.S. ti'avel ban. I couldn't say that some members of
the delefjation did not go to see Cuba.

The CiiATinrAx. But from the point of view of the leadership, the,
planned purpose was as has been stated from the lips of Mr. Laub?

Mr. HoFFTviAN. Yes. I think you could also add that any member
of the delegation that thought ho had been hoodwinked could have
gotten up and said, "]\Ir. Laub. I came here to see and evaluate Cuba,
not to break t he T^.S. travel ban."

The CiiAiR:\rAx. Nobody stood up and repudiated Laub's purpose?

Mr. HoFFMAx. There was only one individual that did do that,
Wavne Conibasli, who got up and said, "I didn't even know about the
U.S. travel bun."'

The CiiAiinrAX. Yet so far as you know, and I assume the pattern
was the same, they liad each been given a document well in advance of
tlie travel. You received it by mail. It was a document saying that
each one must realize that there is a ban, the violation of which could
result in fine or imprisonment. So far as you know, every student
had that warning : is that true ?

Mr. HoFFMAX. As far as I know.

The Chairman-. You say, "As far as I know." That is correct.
But the evidence in the record indicates it is so.

Mr. Hoffmax. And the application clearly states it.

The CiiAiRMAx. They were well aware of the violation of law, and
the leadership had been given a written notice to that effect by the
State Department. Yet they revealed under oath here on the witness
stand in May that they fciew about that and, so far as they were con-
cerned, the}" were going to travel just the same, in the name of "freedom
of travel," despite what the law may say when a nation breaks diplo-
matic relations with another. They just took that position right on
the stand here. Obviously, this corroborates your own testimony
under oath.

Mr. JoiiAxsEX. And wasn't it clear that there was set forth in cor-
respondence to the prospective members of this trip that this violation
was involved and that there were risks involved incident to the viola-
tion ?

Mr. Hoffmax. Yes, it was very clearly stated.

Mr. NiTTLE. Was any Cuban official present during a discussion on
the purpose of this travel that would confirm the statement of Levi
Laub?

Mr. Hoffman. Yes. I think it was the day before the delegation
left to return to the United States that a meeting was held with Gerald
Mazzola, the director of the Cuban Institute for Friendship Among
the Peoples. It is a very large and very powerful organization.

Mr. Mazzola was holding a meeting with members of the continua-
tion committee, which was a committee that was set up in order to
bring more students down to Cuba after this trip. This meeting was to
discuss plans for future trips by Americans to Cuba. Mr. Mazzola,
at tli5 beginning of his talk, mentioned that this trip was veiy impor-
tant to Cuba and to Cuban foreign policy, because if they could "break"
the American travel ban then it would be very difficult for other
countries to hnpose a travel ban on Cuba. He was very emphatic
about that.

696 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN TJ.S.

The Chairman. Who made that statement ?

Mr, Hoffman. This was made by Gerald Mazzola.

The Chairman. A Cuban general ?

Mr. Hoffman. He was not a general, but he was the leader or the
director.

The Chairman. His name was Gerald ?

Mr. Hoffman. Gerald.

The Chairman. He said that breaking this ban would have a very
important effect on our foreign policy with reference to travel

Mr. Hoffman. Yes.

The Chairman. — and our attempt to have the other South and
Central American countries join our policy of isolation or quarantining
or blocking or preventing travel to Cuba? That came from the lips
of a Cuban ?

Mr. Hoffman. Yes.

The Chairman. Wliat was the occasion; when was it and where?

Mr. Hoffman. I believe it was the day after the delegation left to
return to the United States, and it was at the offices of the Cuban
Institute for Friendship Among the Peoples. It was in Mr. Mazzola's
quarters there.

The Chairman. That statement was made to and in the presence of
this traveling group ?

]\Ir. Hoffman. No, it was just made in the presence of what was
known as the continuation committee. This was a committee that was
set up to plan future trips to Cuba by Americans.

Mr. JoHANSEN. How specific was the discussion of plans for future
trips?

Mr. HoFFBiAN. Well, I can tell you what they were. "Wlien you say
"specific," do you mean exact dates and who to contact?

Mr. JoHANSEN. I mean was it just general, that "This is some-
thing we are going to repeat," or did it get down to cases ?

Mr. Hoffman. They are going to repeat these trips. As a matter of
fact, on the skin diving trip between I^vi Laub and Fidel Castro, Fidel
Castro mentioned tliat in the event the United States Government
should attempt to prosecute these students, it would be a good idea to
bring down a couple hundred more while the prosecution was going on.

Mr. Mazzola was asked how many more Americans could he handle
and when, on a future trip. Mr. Mazzola said that he could handle
several thousand and they need not just be students. They could be
workers. "Bring them all down," he said, and he could handle these
by January 1, the date that he gave.

This didn't seem to please members of the student continuation com-
mittee, and they suggested that there might be new laws coming up
soon.

The Chairman. By the way, that is exactly part of the purpose of
these hearings.

Mr. Hoffman. And that in the event more of these laws were to come
which might make future trips more difficult, it might be good to have
another trip in a couple of weeks.

The Chairman. Perhaps he guessed right.

Mr. Hoffman. Mr. Mazzola mentioned that "Yes," he could take
perhaps 50 or 60 within the next few weeks. He also made an inter-
esting point. He said it might look better if perhaps the future

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S. 697

delegations would pay tlieir own way. It just didn't look good for the
Cuban Government to be footing the bills.

The CiiAiKMAN, By the way, I don't know whether it has been
established, but how nuich money did you have to put up personally,
if anything? I have no idea what the answer is, but I want it for the
record.

Mr. Hoffman. $100. That was the entire cost of this trip.

The CiLViRMAN. As far as you know, that was the contribution made
by each student ?

Mr. Hoffman. I don't know if every student made that contribution.

The CiiATRiNrAN. I had understood from a witness in May that the
contribution was much smaller. The figure of $10 comes to my mind.

Does anybody on the committee remember w^iether that was the
estimate at that time, in May ? Do you know whether your contribu-
tion of $100 was the same as that of the others ?

i\Ir. Hoffman. I can explain the $10. There was a $10 deposit that
was returned wdth application.

The Chairman. It looks like the price went up.

Mr. Hoffman. No, it was the deposit. And then $90 more was paid
later at Miss Shall it's apartment, and that constituted the total of
$100. Some students, I understand, did not have the $100 and they
weren't required to pay anything.

Mr. NiTiLE. You talked about the continuation committee which
had been formed to plan future visits to Cuba. Would you tell us who
composed, or who were appointed to, the continuation committee?

Mr. Hoffman. There was no appointment as such. These people
volunteered for this job. Tliey would keep in contact with each other
by mail. They were selected — not selected, but they came from all
over the United States. The continuation committee included Levi
Laub from New York, Ehoden Smith and Christian Raisner from
California, Ellen Shallit from New York, Luria Castell from Califor-
nia, Eric Johnson from California, Michael Brown from Detroit, and
Martin Nicolaus, who was to handle Boston.

I believe I was on the continuation committee, but I don't think I
am any more, meaning that I attended the two meetings. I am sure I
am no longer a member.

The Chairman. You wouldnt' be an ex officio member now ?

Mr. Hoffman. I don't expect any correspondence from them.

Mr. NiTTi.E. Was Stefan Martinot appointed to any position on the
continuation committee ?

Mr. HoFFMx\N. Not as far as I know.

Mr. NiTTi.E. Was he on the press committee ?

Mr. HoFFiMAN. Yes.

Mr. NiTTLE. I don't recollect whether you stated for the record who
were the members of the press committee, although I believe you stated
that Phillip Luce was the chairman of the press committee.

Mr. Hoffman. Yes. Do you mean the members of the press
committee?

Mr. NiTTi.E. That were selected in Cuba.

Mr. HotTMAN. Elected in Cuba. Stephen Driggs, James Lacy,
Stefan Martinot. and John Milton, Phillip Luce.

Mr. NiTTLE. Prior to your leaving Ctiba, were discussions conducted
with respect to possible prosecution on the return of your group and

698 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

possible contact with the group by FBI agents and by the House Com-
mittee on Un-American Activities ?

Mr. Hoffman. Yes. There \Yas much mention of the House Com-
mittee, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and legal defense.
The Chairman. Not too laudatory, i suppose.

Mr. Hoffman. No, the House Committee did not come in for any
laudatory remarks. As a matter of fact, it was mentioned — I will give
you quotes on this. It was mentioned that the House Committee
should not be underestimated. ''They may be the scum of Congress,
but don't underestimate them."

Mr. NiTTLE. Who made that statement ?
Mr. Hoffman. That was made by Mr. Luce of the ECLC.
Mr. NiTTLE. Was there a meeting called to hold a discussion on these
subjects?

Mr. Hoffman. Yes, there were several meetings, actually, several

meetings at which this was discussed. I believe

Mr. NiTTLE. Who were the main speakers at these meetings ?
]Mr. Hoffman. I can read my notes on one of the meetings. I was
able to take notes openly in this meeting. Other students were also
taking notes at the meetings to learn how to handle these things when
they returned.

For example, on August 2 there was a lecture by Phil Luce and Levi
Laub and Stefan Martinot, and the first part concerned the Federal
Bureau of Investigation, and the following remarks were made as

suggestions

Mr. NiTTLE. AVlio spoke first on this subject of the FBI ?
Mr. Hoffman. I don't know whether it was Luce or Levi Laub.
It was one or the other. By the way, they were very careful to
qualify these things by saying they were only suggestions "and you
need not do any of these things" that were mentioned. With respect
to the FBI : "People are under no compulsion to speak to them. No
arrests can be made without a Avarrant. There is no such thing as an
off-the-record talk with the FBI. If you decide to speak to the FBI,
be sure to take notes and get names. Have the FBI write questions
down. If you are a woman on the street, scream if you want to get
rid of them. Under no circumstances touch the FBI."

These instructions continue : "You need not let the Federal Bureau
of Investigation into your house without a warrant and you can re-
quest they return when your lawyer is present."

Again, these are all very carefully qualified as being merely sug-
gestions.

The next speaker was Stefan Martinot, who gave his experience be-
fore the House Committee when he appeared here, I believe, on May 23.
His discussion began with the purpose of the House Committee,
which is "to intimidate individuals," and that the House Committee is
made up of a bunch of "hacks." It is very interesting that Members
of Congress are treated in this way, but it is our Government.

Well, all right, to continue: "You are a captive before the House
Committee. They try to make you feel guilty. It is a free-for-all ;
afterwards, the testimony can be taken to your boss and neighbors.
It can be used to fire you. The House Committee wants information
on other individuals so they can also be harassed. However, you
can take up to a half hour to answer questions." An explanation was

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES EST U.S. 699

made of the lif th amendment and also mention was made of Paul llobe-
son and the way he handled the House Committee.

When he was asked the question, it was explained, he would reply
with a lecture on the United States foreign policy. I might mention
that Stefan Martinet also said that he wanted to be quite open during
his testimony before the House Committee, as he felt that the House
Committee did have a legitimate legislative interest in that May 23
hearing.

With respect to the legal defense, legal matters, Phillip Luce also
had a lecture, during which time he mentioned the House Committee,
and he made the statement that they should not be underestimated,
although "they may be the scum of Congress."

He brought up the fact that when the group returned they could
seek legal advice from the ACLU, the ECLC, or the National Com-
mittee To xlbolish the House Committee.

Mr. NiTTLE. The National Committee I'o Abolish the Un-American
Activities Committee?

]\Ir. Hoffman. Yes.

Mr. NiTTLE. And the ECLC — the initials you just gave — what or-
ganization does that stand for ?

Mr. HoFFMAx. The Emergency Civil Liberties Committee, the em-
ployer of Mr. Luce.

Mr. NiTTLE. And the ACLU ?

Mr. Hoffman. The American Civil Liberties Union, which, I be-
lieve, is a legitimate civil rights organization.

Mr. NiTTLE. You indicated that this discussion did take place with
respect to the representation and defense of students who may be
prosecuted on return. Did Luce mention any specific attorneys that
would be emploj-ed for that defense or what the cost of the defense
might be or what probable expenses the group would be involved
with?

Mr. Hoffman. Yes. This was brought up a lot later, perhaps a
week before departure, and it was mentioned one morning that very
conveniently the Emergency Civil Liberties Committee had sent a
telegram to the student delegation in Cuba, asking if the student dele-
gation would be interested, perhaps, in having ECLC represent them.

I think Mr. Laub or Mr. Luce asked whether or not they could at
least answer the telegram for the students interested, and a discussion
would be held on the Emergency Civil Liberties Committee several
days later.

A telegram was sent back, I believe, and then on Wednesday, near
the end of the trip, Mr. Luce explained the Emergency Civil Liberties
Committee. I might add he was vei-y careful to mention that the
ACLU, the American Civil Liberties Union, probably wouldn't take
the case, because they only took cases on appeal, and — well, let us have
an explanation of what ECLC is.

]Mind you, Mr. Luce is an employee of that group on this trip. He
mentioned that ECLC was an organization tliat was not very v\^ell
liked by the House Committee and that they would be willing to take
the case without charge. I think he phrased it "without fee." How-
ever, there would be certain expenses, and he thought they would come
to about $6,000. This would l3e made up from the students, and de-
fense committees would be set up later on to raise the money.

700 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

After his portrayal of the ECLC, the student delegation voted to
have the ECLC represent them. I haven't yet heard from my ECLC
attorney and I don't think I will.

Mr. NiTTLE. You indicate that there was a contact with the Emer-
gency Civil Liberties Committee by Luce prior to leaving Cuba, is
that correct?

Mr. Hoffman. Yes. I believe he had been in contact with Mr. Fore-
man, and also telegrams had been exchanged.

Mr. NiTTLE. Upon arrival in New York City from Cuba, were there
present representatives of the Emergency Civil Liberties Committee?

]\Ir. Hoffman. I did not arrive in New York with the student dele-
gation so I do not know,

Mr. NiTTLE. You mentioned a telegram while in Cuba from the
Emergency Civil Liberties Committee. Did you see that telegram
yourself, or was it mentioned to you by a member of the group?

Mr. Hoffman. It was merely mentioned by a member of the group.

Mr. NiTTLE. Did Phillip Luce mention to you any particular attor-
ney or attorneys that would be willing to handle the defense of the
group on behalf of the Emergency Civil Liberties Committee ?

Mr. Hoffman. Yes. It was mentioned that Mr, Boudin would
probably be the counsel that would be handling the case for ECLC.
He also mentioned that Mr, Boudin also represents the Cuban Govern-
ment in the LTnited States. But he didn't believe that that would
prejudice the case in any way. He thought that Mr. Boudin would
do very well in handling the case. I might also mention that a film
was made of this trip by the Cuban Government, a complete film made
by newsreel cameramen, I believe, and this film will be smuggled into
the United States at a later date.

It will be shown at different universities and different college cam-
puses and funds would be raised by the showing of the film, and
that would make it easier for raising the $6,000 that ECLC would
get, at the minimum.

Mr. NiTTLE. The intention was expressed that ECLC would then
have a field day on campuses of colleges and universities throughout
the United States, with an opportunity to talk about Cuba and in
favor of Cuba, with the understanding that they were raising funds
to defend the students ?

Mr. Hoffman. I don't know if ECLC would be doing it, but the
students would be doing it. And defense committees would also be
organized to help raise money to defend the students.

Mr. NiTTLE. Was it stated to you that the students would now have
an opportunity to speak on Cuba to other students, while ostensibly
raising funds for their defense ? Was anything specifically said with
respect to that?

Mr. Hoffman. I believe that would be correct, that they would be
showing films on Cuba as well as raising money, so I think there would
be two objectives on these thiiigs. They would come back and say
they have seen the truth about Cuba, and it is not the way the Ameri-
can press portrays it. "I was there also."

Mr. NiTTLE. You talked about the smuggling of a film into the
United States. Was there any discussion with the group, or offer
made, in some way to forward Communist propaganda into the United
States ? Were packages being offered to the students for that purpose ?

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S. 701

Mr. Hoffman. Yes. There Mas also a problem about the literature
that the students were receiving. There was so much of it that some
of the students couldn't hope to carry it back to the United States.
Also, a lot of it included nuiterial published in China as well as in
Cuba, and there might be the possibility of this material being taken
by the United States customs, perhaps confiscated as material coming
from these two countries.

So the Cuban Government said, "All you have to do is put your
literature, your books and your material, in a box; mark where you
want the box sent; and we will see to it that you receive this box of
literature in your home."

I presume that they were going to somehow or other smuggle it
into the United States, or perhaps through Canada. I don't know the
exact route, but they are going to smuggle all of this literature into
the United States.

]Mr. XiTTLE. On your return to New York, had you been given any
directions relating to conduct on debarkation ?

Mr. Hoffman. Yes. There was a meeting devoted to that, how^ to
handle the press and also possible demonstrations if the United States
State Department attempted to invalidate or take away passports.

I believe the group was to be divided into groups of eight indi-
viduals, or seven individuals, with a group leader, and then there
would also be another group of four or five led by Phil Luce's group
that would go through customs and immigration first, because, after
all, Phil had to get out first and meet the press.

In the event their passports were attempted to be taken from these
students, then the others would stop and hold a demonstration and
not pass through until they were given the assurance that their pass-
]:)orts would not be bothered. There was also discussion of the fact
that, "Don't worry, lawyers will be waiting. Don't submit to a per-
sonal search. A cheering crowd will be waiting so as to make the
customs men more nervous in case they tiy to stop or search some-
body very thoroughly."

I believe this all came true, though I wasn't there in New York.

Mr. NiTTLE. Would you give in summary form, Mr. Hoffman, the
conclusions you reached upon completion of the trip, as to the purpose
of the trip undertaken by the student leadership, what effect you
think this trip has had, and wh.ether any l)enefits were received by
Cuba?

]Mr. Hoffman. This would be my own opinion. Again, let me state
that in my opinion these were not typical American students. The
benefits to Cuba as well as the students would be, one, that this would
be an attempt to break the travel ban and thus begin the long-range
break of the isolation of Cuba by the United States.

I think that would be number one. Number two, it was also used
to embarrass the United States at home and in Latin America. The
impression was given that a typical group of American students, at
odds with their Government, were coming to see the truth and, wlien
they came back, they would have glowing speeches about Castro and
communism in Cuba ; and this would be used by the Cubans all over
Latin America, that, "Here the American Government is lying to
you, Cuban communism is wonderful. Here are 59 students who came
and saw the truth."

702 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

These people would also serve as mouthpieces for Cuban propa-
ganda on their return, by showing the film and holding lectures at
college campuses. In addition, I suspect this was done for adver-
tising and publicity for the extreme leftist organization, Progressive
Labor.

After all, they pulled it off, and this might mean great publicity for
Progressive Labor as an organization that really does something.
In addition, it also might give stature to the Emergency Civil Liberties
Committee. It would also provide new fund-raising approaches with
defense committees for these different groups.

I think this is also another blow aimed at the legitimate channels of
anticommunism in the United States, such as the State Department,
the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and congressional committees.

Mr. NiTTLE. Mr. Chairman, the staff has no further questions of
this witness.

The Chairman. Are there any questions from the members of the
committee?

Mr. Tuck. I have no questions.

The Chairman. Mr. Hoffman, it is hard to tell what motivates
a man to undertake a venture such as you did, but I would say
this, that in net result, in my opinion, you have made a contribution
to tnis committee and ultimately, therefore, to your country. Your
examination has been carefully gone into. Counsel veiy wisely and
deliberately, under our suggestion, did not seelv to bring out from you
anything beyond your own knowledge.

You have been under oath. You have testified freely, obviously
bringing out the facts as you honestly know them. For all of these
reasons, personally, I want to extent my thanks to you.

Mr. Hoffman. Mr. "Willis, I think a great deal of credit for this
should also go to Gordon Hall, who spends his life fighting totalitarian
movements in the United States, both on the right wing and the left
wing. Here is a man that really is an anti-Communist and an anti-
Fascist.

The Chairman. The witness will be excused. The committee will
stand in recess until 2 :15 this afternoon.

("\Miereupon, at 12 :20 p.m., Thursday, September 12, 1963, the sub-
committee recessed, to reconvene at 2:15 p.m. the same day.)

(IMembers present : Representatives Willis, Tuck, and Johansen of
the subcommittee, and also Representatives Pool, Bruce, Schadeberg,
and Ashbrook.)

AFTERNOON SESSION, THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 1963

(The subcommittee reconvened at 2:15 p.m.. Honorable Edwin E.
AVillis, chairman, presiding.)

(Members present: Representatives Willis, Tuck, and Johansen of
the subcommittee, and also Representatives Pool, Ichord, Senner,
Bruce, and Schadeberg.)

The Chairman. The subcommittee will come to order.

Certain witnesses who have been summoned to testify in these hear-
ings have asked that the hearings be postponed or held in executive
session. Their requests were based on a claim that a pending grand
jury proceeding, which it now seems is definitely underway in the U.S.
District Court for the Eastern District of New York, apparently, as

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S. 703

they expressed it, involves the same genercal subject matter which is
under consideiation by the committee in these hearings.

These witnesses have not disclosed whether or not tliey have been
summoned before the grand jury. The committee does not know
whether or not they have been sunmioned to appear before it. The
grand jury proceeding, according to present accounts, began just
yesterday, over a week after the v/itnesses were subpenaed to appear
at this hearing.

Congress, through its committees, is not prohibited from requiring
pertinent disclosures in aid of its constitutional powers because the
information sought to be elicited may relate to a subject matter as-
sumed to be under consideration by a grand jury or some otlier branch
of the Government. Any such conclusion, in the opinion of the sub-
cominittee, would constitute a recognition that the mere possibility of
some future grand jury consideration of a related subject matter would
constitute a self-operating restraint on congressional inquires.

In this connection, the history of this congressional inquiry should
be set forth. The investigation was initiated in the summer of 1962.
This fact was made known by the late chairman of the committee.
Representative Francis E. "Walter, in a press release dated March 14,
1963.

The first public hearing in this inquiry was held on May 6, over 4
months ago. The committee has since held 5 additional days of hear-
ings on the matter. It is still investigating in the area, and additional
hearings are contemplated.

The fact that the committee has the power and right to proceed
with this inquiry in open session at this time does not mean that it
must do so. In the exercise of its discretion, it has decided to hear
the other witnesses in executive session.

The witnesses summoned for this hearing who have not as yet been
heard are directed to rejjort to committee room 226 within the next
30 minutes.

The committee Avill recess for 30 minutes.

(Wliereupon, at 2:35 p.m., Thursday, September 12, 1963, the sub-
committee recessed to reconvene at 3 :05 p.m., the same day in execu-
tive session.)

(Members present: Eepresentatives Willis, Tuck, and Johansen
of the subcommittee, and also Representatives Pool, Bruce, and
Schadeberg.)

EXECUTIVE SESSION ^—THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 1963

(The subcommittee reconvened in executive session at 3:10 p.m., in
Room 219, Cannon House OiFice Building, Washington, D.C., Honor-
able Edwin E. Willis, chairman, presiding.)

Subcommittee members present: Representatives Edwin E. Willis,
William M. Tuck, and August E. Johansen.

Committee members also present: Representatives Joe R. Pool
Richard H. Ichord, George F. Senner, Jr., Donald C. Bruce, Henry
C. Schadeberg, and John M. Aslibrook.

Staff members present : Francis J. McXamara, director ; Frank S.
Tavenner, Jr., general counsel ; Alfred M. Nittle, counsel; and Donald
T. Appell, chief investigator.

^ Released by the committee and ordered to be printed.

704 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

The Chairman. All right, let us proceed.

Please raise your right hand, Mr. Laub.

Do you solemnly swear that the testimony you are about to give will
be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, so help you
God?

Mr. Laub. I affirm.

Mr. Rein. Mr. Chairman, I would like at this time to indicate on
behalf of ni}^ w^itness that Mr. Laub did not request that the session be
held in executive session, although he did request a continuance.

The Chairman. Give your name, please.

Mr. Rein. I am sorry. My name is David Rein, R-e-i-n, and I am
attorney for the witness, Mr. Levi Laub.

TESTIMONY OF LEVI LEE LAUB, ACCOMPANIED BY COUNSEL,

DAVID EEIN

Mr. NiTTLE. Would the witness state his name and residence for the
record, please ?

Mr. Laub. Mv name is Levi Laub. I now live at 217 Haven Avenue,
New^ York 33, New^ York.

Mr. NiTTLE. Are you represented by counsel ?

Mr. Laub. Yes, I am.

Mr. XiTTLE. Would you state who your counsel is ?

Mr. Laub. David Rein.

Mr. Rein. I am sorry. On behalf of Mr. Laub, I would like to indi-
cate that — and I am sure that the committee has a record of the wire
which I sent, requesting the continuance on behalf of Mr. Laub — that
in that request there was no request for an executive session and that
not only did we not request it but that ]\[r. Laub protests about the
hearing being held in executive session, and I think he would like to
make a statement w^ith respect to his position.

The Chairman. Xo. Let me ask j^ou this question : Do you want
to be heard in public hearing, Mr. Laub ?

Mr. Laub. Yes, sir.

The CiL4iRMAN. Are you aw^are that, according to the i:>ress accounts,
there is a grand jury proceeding involving matters relating to the sub-
ject of this hearing ?

Mr. Laub. I am aware of that.

The Chaieman. And with that knowdedge, you w^ant to be heard in
public session ?

Mr. Laub. Absolutely.

Mr. Tavenner. Have him step aside until you consider what decision
you will reach.

The Chairman. Yes. Would you ?

(Witness and counsel left the hearing room.)

The Chairman. Call the next witness.

Mr. NiTTLE. We are sending out for Mr. Luce, Mr. Chairman.

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S. 705

STATEMENT OF PHILLIP ABBOTT LUCE, ACCOMPANIED BY COUNSEL,

MICHAEL B. STANDARD

The Chairman. Please raise your right hand, Mr. Luce.

Mr. Luce. My. Chairman, before we proceed I would like to clarify,
if I may, for the record, wliat has and has not been presented with
regard to request for executive session.

The CiLviRMAN. "Well, we will consider that. We just handled a
similar request and I believe this is a better way.

Mr. SxAXDArvD. I believe Mr. Luce's position — and he will correct
mc if I am wrong — is that he would like either for himself or for myself
to clarify the situation before he is sworn.

The Chairman. I think we had better have the witness' statement
before that.

Please raise your right hand.

Mr. Luce. I refuse to be sworn before this committe in executive

Mr. Luce. I refuse to be sworn before this committee in executive
requested an executive session.

The Chairman. Do you refuse to affirm ?

Mr. Luce. 1 refuse to appear before this committee in executive
session. I will appear before this committee in open session at any
time it calls on me.

The Chairman. Now, will you state your name ? At least we have
to have that for the record.

Mr. Luce. Phillip Luce.

Mr. NiTTLE. And what is your address or residence ?

Mr. Luce. 504 West 55th Street, New York 19, New York.

Mr. NiTTLE. Are you represented by counsel ?

Mr. Standard. Mr. Nittle, if this is the prelude to the beginning of
an interrogation

Mr. Nittle. No, we just want to identify the witness. And you will
be given an opportunity to make whatsoever motions you desire to
make.

Mr. Luce. Yes, I am represented by counsel.

Mr. Nittle. Would you state the name of your counsel?

Mr. Luce. The name of my counsel is Michael Standard,
S-t-a-n-d-a-r-d.

The Chairman. Now, Mr. Standard, do you want to make a
motion ?

Mr. Standard. Mr. Willis, first, before making a motion, I would
like to clarify the position in regard to the request for a continuance
of the hearings because of the pendency of the grand jury proceedings
and the request or, rather, lack of it on behalf of Mr. Luce for an
executive session.

On Friday or Saturday of last week, I believe, I sent a telegram to
this committee — more particularly to you — and in that telegram, on
behalf of Mr. Luce, first, I did request a continuance, because I had
learned of the pendency of a grand jury proceeding.

It was my position that the House tin-American Activities Com-
mittee subpena, which was returnable today, represented an attempt to
involve itself in an ancillary proceeding, one ancillary to the grand

706 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

jury proceedings now pending.^ I therefore asked for a continuance.

Now, at that time, I also sent you another telegram because at that
time I represented Miss Cathy Prensky, who has also, as I understand,
been subpenaed for a session today.

Miss Prensky was a minor, and it is true that while I represented
her — I don't any more — I made a request for executive session on her
bahalf and similarly I asked for a continuance of the hearings because
of the pendency of the grand jury proceedings.

Now, at this time, I would like to move the Chair and the committee
at large for a continuance of the hearings in public session.

The Chairman. You are now moving that he be heard in public
session ?

Mr. Standard. That is correct, Mr. Chairman.

The Chairman. Now, are you and he both aware — obviously, you
are, as you just indicated — of the fact that there is a grand jury
proceeding on matters related to the subject matter of this hearing?

JSIr. Standard. I am av/are that that is allegedly the subject matter
under inquiry. I assume the witness will answer for himself.

The Chairman. Well, a^ou related it yourself in your telegram, and
we are acting on the basis of the press reports.

Now, are j^ou aware of that fact, sir?

Mr. Luce. Yes, sir.

The Chairman. And having that information, namely, pendency of
the grand jury proceeding, you now ask to be heard not in closed ses-
sion but in publ ic session. Is that correct ?

Mr. Luce. That is correct.

The Chairman. Is that correct ?

ATr. Luce. Yes, sir.

The Chairman. All right. We will rule on it. Will you step aside
for a moment?

(AYitness and counsel left the hearing room.)

STATEMENT OF CATHEr.INE JO PRENSKY, ACCOMPANIED BY

COUNSEL, CONEAD J. LYNN

The Chairman. Please raise your right hand, Miss Prensky.

Mr. T^YNN. The witness

The Chair]man. We want to get the preliminaries before you get
to your motion.

]Mr. Lynn. The witness does not want to swear in, because she
thinks that may be committing her to a closed hearing.

The Chairman. No, it will not.

Mr. Lynn. With that assurance.

The Chairman. It will not influence my decision one way or the
other.

Miss Prensky. I would prefer to make the motion first.

The Chairman. I think we have to identify you and identify your
counsel.

^ The committee decided to subpena Mr. Luce and other witnesses heard in these hearings
while the group was still in Cuba. The subpenas for Mr. Luce and the other witnesses
were issued on August 26 and served on them on August 29, the day they arrived at Inter-
national Airport, New York City, on their return from Cuba. The first indications that
a Federal grand .iury was looking into the matter of the students' trip to Cuba appeared
in the press on September 10. several weeks after the committee had determined to hold
this hearing.

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S. 707

Miss Prensky. Well, I think you know who I am. You just called
me in. And I would prefer to make the motion first.

The Chairman. "Would you raise your ri o;ht hand, please ?

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

Mr. Lyxn. She feels that she might prejudice her position against
n closed hearing.

The Chairman. And she is doing that contrary to your advice ?

]Mr. Lynn. Well, I won't say that. I think that she has the right
to make that position clear, because her former counsel received a
telegram from this connnittee saying flatly that it would be an open
liearing and it would not be in executive session.

The Chairman. All right. We will come to that.

Now at least we want your name for the record and the name of
your counsel, the full name and address.

]Miss Prensky. My name is Catherine Prensky. I live at 92 Glen-
wood Avenue, New Rochelle.

The Chairman. And you are represented by a lawyer ?

Miss Prensky. Yes.

The Chairman. Counsel, please state your name.

Mr. Lynn. Conrad J. Lynn, 401 Broadway, New York City.

The Chairman. Now, I will entertain your motion.

]Mr. Lynn. The motion of this witness is that this connnittee hear
lier in open session, as this hearing commenced this morning. Her
former counsel received a telegram from this committee denying an
executive session and notifying her that it would be an open session.

This session having begun this morning with a witness against this
witness — who named this witness and gave testimony against her in
open session — she thinks it is elementary fairness that she be given
an equal opportunity to testify in public, answering the accusations
of that first witness.

The Chairman. Now, I understand.

The reply we gave to her former counsel, announcing that it would
be an open session, was substantially based on the fact that the tele-
gram itself did not actually say a grand jury was in session. We are
unaware, officially, that one is in session. Normally, such proceedings
are secret. Through the press we have been informed only this mom-
ing and by last evening's press — I only read it this morning myself —
that a grand jury is in session. That is the reason why, based on now
accurate knowledge, apparently, that the grand jury is in session, we
decided to hear these Avitnesses in closed session.

I now understand that you are now moving that she be heard in
open session and not in closed session.

Mr. Lynn. I do so move.

The Chairman. All right. If you will step aside for a moment.

One moment — I did not ask this question that I asked of the other
witnesses and, to be consistent, I wish to ask it.

You are aware, of course, since you have been talking about it, that
there is now a grand jury proceeding going on, involving matters re-
lated to the general subject of this hearing and, having that knowl-
edge, you have made the motion to be heard not in executive session,
but in open session ?

Mr. Lynn. That motion was made with that knowledge, sir.

The Chairman. Thank you.

708 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

Mr. Pool. And she wants the same thing?

Mr. IcHORD. Well, Mr. Chairman, for the record, being a member
of the full committee but not a member of the subcommittee, I want
to understand the procedure that occurred on all of these witnesses.

Am I right in thinking that, at the time the subcommittee passed
upon the request for an executive hearing, the committee had not been
apprised by the newspapers of any alleged

The Chairman. That is right. The hearings were set up and the
witnesses were summoned before we were aware of the grand jury
proceeding.

Mr. IcHORD. And having since learned of those proceedings in the
newspapers, according to the newspaper reports, you have ruled that
they would be heard in closed session?

The Chairiman. As a matter of the exercise of our discretion, which
I made plain yesterday.

Mr. Pool. Is that your will also ?

The Chairman. That you be heard in open session ?

Miss Prenskt. Yes. I want an open session, because you heard in
public this morning a witness against me, and I want to give the truth
to the public.

Mr. Pool. All right.

The Chairman. All right.

(At this point, witness and counsel left the hearing room.)

]\Ir. NnixE. Call Larry W. Phelps.

The Chairman. Off the record.

(Discussion off the record.)

STATEMENT OF LAEEY WILFORD PHELPS, ACCOMPANIED BY

COUNSEL, CONEAD J. LYNN

The Chair]\ian. Please raise your right hand, Mr. Phelps.

Mr. Phelps. No.

The Chairman. Please give your full name and address.

Mr. Phelps. Larry Wilford Phelps.

The Chairman. Your address ?

Mr. Phelps. Oh, 2114 Wiggins Street, Burlington, North Carolina.

The Chairman. And are you represented by counsel ?

Mr. Phelps. Yes.

The Chairman. Will counsel please give his name and address ?

Mr. Lynn. Conrad J. Lynn, 401 Broadway, New York City.

The Chairman. Now, I understand you have a motion to make.
Counsel ?

Mr. Lynn. Yes, the witness requests that this session be held as an
open session, not an executive session, since it began as an open session.

The Chairman. Are you and the witness aware of the fact that
there is a grand jury proceeding involving matters related to the sub-
j ect matter of this hearing ?

Mr. Phelps. Yes.

The Chairman. And with that knowledge you now move that you
be heard in open session and not in executive session ?

Mr. Phelps. That is correct.

The Chairman. All right. We will excuse you for a minute.

(At this point the witness left the hearing room, and Miss Naka-
shima was called in.)

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S. 709

The Chairman. Raise your right hand, please, Miss Nakashima.

Do you solemnly swear that the testimony you are about to give will
be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, so help you
God?

Miss Nakashima. I so affirm.

TESTIMOF? OF WEISTOIE (OR WENDY) SUZUKO NAKASHIMA ROSEN,
ACCOMPANIED BY COUNSEL, CONRAD J. LYNN

The Chairman. What is your full name and address?

Miss Nakashima. Before we go into that I w ould lilie to request-

The Chairman. We will reach a motion. This is preliminary.

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

The Chairman. Your lawyer will tell you this is all right.

Mr. Lynn. This has to do with her name.

The Chairman. Oh, I see.

Miss Nakashima. Yes, I find it not only embarrassing that the
Congressmen in my country can be as careless as to misspell my name,
all three names, when they issue a subpena, and rather insulting, and
I Avould like to give you the correct name and the correct spelling.

The Chairman. Please.

Miss Nakashima. The name is Wendie, W-e-n-d-i-e; Suzuko,
S-u-z-u-k-o ; Nakashima, N-a-k-a-s-h-i-m-a.

The Chairman. And wdiat is your address? Would you give it?

Miss Nakashima. Pardon ?

The Chairman. Your address, please ?

Miss Nakashima. My legal address is 622 West 14:1st Street, New
York.

The Chairman. You are represented by a lawyer, counsel, today ?

Miss Nakashima. I am.

The Chairman. Counsel, please identify yourself and give your
address for the record.

Mr. Lynn. Conrad J. Lynn, 401 Broadway, New York City.

The Chairman. I understand, Counsel, that you now have a motion
to make?

Mr. Lynn. Yes. This witness wishes to be heard in open session
since she had expected it to be an open session, since the committee had
announced that it would be.

The Chairman. Are you and the witness both aware of the fact
that there is a grand jury proceeding involving matters relating to
the subject matter of this particular hearing?

Miss Nakashima. Yes, I am.

Mr. Lynn. We are.

The Chairman. And with that knowledge, you move to be heard
in public session and not in closed session ?

Miss Nakashima. Yes, that is right.

The Chairman. All right. Please step aside.

(Witness and counsel left the hearing room.)

The Chairman. Is that the last ?

Mr. NiTTLE. Yes, sir.

The Chairman. Off the record.

(Discussion off the record.)

Mr. Tuck. I move that the motion made by the witnesses through
counsel for open session be granted.

98-765— 63— pt. 3 5

710 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

Mr. JoHANSEN. I second the motion.

The Chairman. Well, I favor the motion myself, so the subcom-
mittee is unanimous on that, it seems.

Incidentally, we have the full committee in attendance, so I will p^ir-
mit all of the full committee members who have heard the motions
made by these witnesses to express their Ayishes by their vote.

Mr. Bruce, Aye.

]\Ir. ScHADEBERG. Aye.

Mr. Pool. Aye.

Mr. IciioRD. Aye.

Mr, Senner. Aye.

Mr. AsHBRooK. Aye.

The Chairman. The subcommittee and the full committee have
unanimously voted to act favorably on the motion of the witnesses to
be heard in open session.

Mr. Senner. Mr. Chairman, if I may, one further suggestion.

(Discussion off the record,)

The Chairman, Call the three counsel back.

Let it be noted that the Messrs, Conrad J, Lynn, Michael Standard,
and David Rein were recalled before the committee and the Chair now
wishes to state to counsel for the witnesses that the respective motions
that you have made to be heard, for their clients to be heard, in public
session rather than in executive session have been unanimously acted
upon favorably by the subcommittee and, incidentally, by the mem-
bers of the full committee in attendance, and that we will conduct the
open sessions in the Caucus Room in the next 10 minutes.

Mr, Rein, Thank you,

Mr, Standapj), Thank you.

Mr, Lynn, Thank you, Mr, Chairman,

(Whereupon, at 3 :25 p.m. Thursday, September 12, 1963, the sub-
committee concluded its executive session and reconvened in public
session in the Caucus Room,)

PUBLIC AFTERNOON SESSION, SEPTEMBER 12, 1963— Resumed

The Chairman. The subcommittee will come to order.

At approximately 2 :15 this afternoon, for the reasons stated in the
record, the subcommittee decided to hear the balance of the witnesses
in closed hearing. We retired to another room, and all the witnesses
accompanied by their counsel made a motion asking that they be
heard in public session, and not in executive session. I asked them
specifically whether they were making their motion with full knowl-
edge of the fact that there was a grand jury proceeding pending, in-
volving, apparently, matters related to this hearing. And answering
they were aware of that fact, they persisted in their respective mo-
tions to be heard in public hearings.

The subconnnittee thereupon went into executive session and — inci-
dentally in the presence of the full connnittee — the subcommittee and
the full committee unanimously voted to hear them in public session.

Counsel, please call your first witness.

Mr. NiTTLE. Levi Lee Laub.

The Chairman. Please raise your right hand.

Do you solemnly swear that the testimony you are about to give
will be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, so help
you God ?

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S. 711

Mr. Laub. I so affirm.
The Chairman. Proceed.

Mr. Rein. I wonder if we can have the picture-taking dispensed
with while the testimony is going on ?
The Chairman. Yes.

TESTIMONY OF LEVI LEE LAUB, ACCOMPANIED BY COUNSEL,

DAVID BEIN

Mr. NiTTLE. Would you state your full name and residence for the
record, please ?

Mr. Laub. My name is Levi Laub. I live at 217 Haven Avenue,
Xew York 33, New York.

j\Ir. NiTTLE. Are you represented by counsel ?

Mr. Laub. I am.

Mr. NiTTLE. "Would counsel kindly identify himself for the record,
stating his name and office address ?

Mr. Rein. David Rein, R-e-i-n, at 7ll-14th Street, Northwest,
Washington, D.C.

If I may have just one moment, Mr. Chairman, I would like to
make clear on the record — and I think the committee does have in its
record a telegram from me requesting the continuance of this hearing,
because of the grand jury proceeding, and that it was after the com-
mittee said that this request was denied — the chairman was quite cor-
rect in stating that Mr. Laub had indicated that if he had to appear
before the committee and that request was denied, he preferred it to
be in public rather than in private.

Mr. Laub. Mr. Chairman, I would like to give my reasons as to why
I demanded a public hearing.

The Chairman. Well, now, no. That is enough. We have ruled on
that three times already.

Proceed, Counsel.

Mr. NiTTLE. Mr. Laub, have you ever used or been known by any
name other than Levi Lee Laub ?

Mr. Laub. The name is pronounced Liivi, and as far as I know, I
have always been called by that name.

Mr. NiTTLE. Would you state the date and place of your birth,
please?

Mr. Laub. December 23, 1938, New York City.

Mr. NiTTLE. Would you relate the extent of your formal education,
giving the dates and places of attendance at educational institutions
and any degrees you may have received ?

Mr. Laub. I attended the High School of Music and Art in New
York City and graduated there in 1955. I also attended Yeshiva He-
brew Teachers Institute in New York City. I completed 3 years of a
teachers' training course, but I did not finish that course, and' I am now
at Columbia College. I have completed my course work for the bache-
lor of arts degree, but I have yet to take two examinations in order to
graduate.

Mr. NiTTLE. So that you are presently enrolled in Columbia College.
Is that correct ?

Mr. Laub. I am not enrolled in classes. I am registered to take two
examinations to complete my degree.

-^to'

712 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

Mr. NiTTLE. l^^iat is your present occupation ?

Mr. Laub. Well, I would characterize myself as a student. I was
in class until January of this year, and I was not able to take any
exams at that time because of illness, so until I finish those exams, I
consider myself a student, and I probably will go on to graduate
school when I get my degree.

Mr. NiTTLE. Have you held any gainful employment ?

Mr. Laub. Yes, I have.

Mr. NiTTLE. Would you state what that is ?

Mr. Laub. You mean throughout the last 5 years, or what ?

Mr. NiTTLE. Since your attendance at the Teachers Institute.

Mr. Laub. Well, I have had all kinds of jobs. I Avorked as a truck-
driver for Coca-Cola Co., I have worked as a cabdriver, 1 worked
as a chemical technician and for Lamont Geological Observatory. I
worked as a chemical technician and at the Columbia Medical School.
I have done surveys for Madison Avenue advertising companies

Mr. NiTTLE. Do you presently have any gainful employment ?

Mr. Laub. No, I do not.

Mr. NiTTLE. Have you been trained as an oceanographer ?

Mr. Laub. Well, I got my training as a chemical oceanographic
technician on board a ship, on board an oceanographic research vessel
known as the Vema, but I took courses in college in chemistry. That
was the backgroimd for that job.

Mr. NiTTLE. When were you employed aboard the MS Vemu'^.

Mr. Laub. I think it was during the year 1960. I am not sure of
that.

Mr. NiTTLE. Were you then employed by the Lamont laboratories,
which I believe is an affiliate of Columbia University ? Is that correct ?

Mr. Laub. Correct.

Mr. NiTTLE. In what capacity did you serve the Lamont labora-
tories?

Mr. Laub. As a research technician.

Mr. NiTTLE. Mr. Chairman, it may be of interest to note that it is
our information that Lamont laboratories has performed classified
work under contract with the Department of Defense and other
agencies of Government. As a matter of fact, Lamont laboratories
has recently been engaged in assisting the United States Navy in its
efforts to locate the sunken submarine Threshe?\

Mr. Laub, as you undoubtedly know and have been advised in state-
ments of the chairman, the committee is investigating Communist
propaganda activities in the United States, conducted in support of
the Communist regime of Cuba, and foreign travel undertaken by
United States citizens in connection with such activities. The com-
mittee's investigation indicates that you, Anatol Isaac Schlosser, and
Stefan Martinet are ringleaders of a group of students who were re-
cruited and organized for travel to Cuba in June, in defiance of regula-
tions of the Department of State prohibiting such travel without
passports specifically endorsed for such travel.

The conunittee's investigation further indicates that there was Com-
munist involvement in the recruitment and organization of a group
of 50-odd so-called students for such travel. The committee on May
23, 1963, received the testimony of Stefan Martinot and Anatol I.
Schlosser. The committee has also subpenaed you to appear here to-
day because it believes that you, as one of the leaders of the group, can
assist the committee in its investigation.

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S. 713

I now hand you a photostatic copy of a passport application marked
for identilication as "Laub PLxhibit No. 1," dated Januai-y 29, 1963,
and tiled on that date with the agent of the Department of State at
New York City, signed by Levi — as a matter of fact, it appears to be
signed Lee Levi Laub. Is that your signature to the application ?

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

Mr. Laub. Yes.

Mr. NiTTLE. Do you have that signed with the first name of Lee
rather than Levi?

Mr. Laub. I think that is how^ my name appears on the birth certifi-
cate, but I have alwaj's used Levi as the first name.

Mr. NiTTLE. I direct your attention to page 2 of the application,
where, in response to questions relating to your proposed travel plans,
you state that the country you intended to visit was Mexico; that you
intended to depart on February 1, 1963 ; and that the purpose of the
trip was vacation and visit.

At the time you filed this application, did you truthfully set forth
your proposed travel plans?

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

Mr, Laub. Mr. Chairman, I am going to have to refuse that ques-
tion because, first of all, I don't see how that question is pertinent to
the subject under inquiry here. It seems to me that that question is
a question designed not to protect my right to travel, but to interfere
with my right to travel, and I don't see how my answering that ques-
tion can in any way help you frame or def rame legislation on the sub-
ject of travel, and I believe it is my own affair as to where I travel or
when I travel or if I travel, because the right to travel is a liberty
guaranteed by the Constitution, and the Supreme Court has upheld
that right as a liberty that can't be revoked without due process of
law.

The Chairman. Is that your reason for refusing to answer ?

Mr. Laub. That is correct.

The Chairman. I direct you to answer the question.

Mr, Laub. I again refuse to answer that question for the reasons I
have already stated and also for the reason that I can't be compelled
to be a witness against myself, a right guaranteed to me by the Con-
stitution.

The Chairman. That invocation of the fifth amendment is ac-
cepted. Go on.

(Document marked "Laub Exhibit No. 1" and retained in commit-
tee files.)

Mr. NiTTLE. Have you traveled to ]\Iexico at any time since January
29, 1963?

i\Ir. Laub. Again, I object to that question, because I feel that it
is not a question that is pertinent to the subject under inquiry here,
which is legislation having to do with travel. It is a question that
could only be pertinent to an attempt to interfere with my right to
travel, and I refuse to answer the question for all the grounds that
I refused to answer the first one, which was the same one, in effect.

Mr. NiTTLE. Did you, after January 29, 1963, at any time, travel to
Cuba through Mexico?

Mr. Laub. I refuse to answer that question again, for the grounds
that I have just stated for refusing to answer the last two.

714 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

Mr. NiTTLE. Were you in attendance at the hearing this morning
when Barry Hoffman testified that you had stated in Cuba, during
the course of the June visit there, tliat you had been in Cuba in Feb-
ruary and March of 1963 to make arrangements for this June travel
of the student group ? Do you deny or affirm the testimony of Barry
Hoffman with respect to this statement you allegedly made ?

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

Mr. Laub. I have to refuse to answer that question as well, for all
the grounds previously stated.

The Chairman. You don't "have to." You may, but you don't
have to.

Mr. Latjb. Well, I am.

Mr. NiTTLE. Pursuant to your application of January 29, 1963, did
you not receive a United States passport, numbered DO 14611 ?

Mr. Laub. I don't know what the number is, but I did receive a
United States passport.

Mr. NiTTLE. Did you then, or at any time thereafter, make applica-
tion for or receive from the Department of State a specific endorsement
of your passport for travel to Cuba ?

Mr. Laub. No, I did not.

Mr. NiTTLE. Is it not a fact, Mr. Laub, that you arrived in Cuba
with a group of students on or about June 30, 1963, and remained
there until August 25, 1963 ?

Mr. Laub. Yes, it is a fact.

The Chairman. And you did not have a validated passport with
an endorsement on it permitting you so to travel, as I understand
your answer to the last question. Is that correct ?

Mr. Laub. I had a valid United States passport.

The Chairman. Did you have a notation on it in acordance with
existing law and regulations, an endorsement on it permitting you to
travel ?

Mr. Laub. I would like to ask you a question on that, Mr. Chairman.
What existing law and regulation are you referring to ?

The Chairman. The statute that I read from the statement this
morning. I can cite it to you specifically: Regulation of the State
Department in effect since on or about January 16, 1961, requiring
people wanting to go to Cuba to have a validated passport, a passport
with an endorsement permitting travel to Cuba,

Did you have such endorsement in your passport? You said you
had a passport.

Mr. Laub. As I understand it, that was a public notice of the State
Department. That was Public Notice 179 of the State Department.
I was not aware that that was a statute or law as you refer to it.

The Chairman, Did you have an endorsement on your passport in-
dicating the granting of permission by your Government to travel to
Cuba?

Mr. Laub. Well, since I saw no law, regulation, or rule that would
prohibit me from traveling to Cuba in the way I saw fit, I did not
think it necessary to get such a stamp in my passport, and I did not
have one and I do not have one.

The Chairman. As a matter of fact, were you not aware of a letter
sent by the State Department to this traveling group, and probably to
you yourself, indicating that such an endorsement was necessary?

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S. 715

Mr. Laltb. I Avas aware of the fact that the State Department had
sent such a letter, but I was also aware of the fact that what the State
Department was outlining in that letter was a matter of policy and
not, as far as I am concerned, a matter of law, regulation, or require-
ments and I have asked the State Department official when we re-
turned to the United States 2 weeks ago and I have asked immigra-
tion officials, I have asked the press, I have asked everybody I have
met in the last 8 months who told me that it was illegal to travel to
Cuba and that it was prohibited by law or by regulation, to show me
what law or what regulation prohibited me from traveling to Cuba.
As of yet, I have not had one positive response on that question.

The Chairman. Well, I indicated what it was.

[Demonstration in hearing room.]

Mr. NiTTLE. Mr. Laub, you stated that you had received or seen a
copy of the Department of State press release.

The Chairman (to police officials). Keep an eye on the leaders
of this demonstration.

Let the Chair state again that I suppose what you have in mind,
some of you, is to goad the Chair into taking measures to stop these
demonstrations. I warn you there is a limit to the patience of a con-
gressional committee. You must realize that vou are the guests of
this committee, and this committee will proceed with decorum and
these demonstrations will not be tolerated.

I show you a document dated December 13, 1962, No. 729 from the
Department of State, which was in the nature of a press release. I ask
you if you have seen that document or its counterpart or one like it ? I
think that is the one you said you were aware of. In fact, you referred
to it by number; didn't you ? You knew it by heart.

Mr. Laub. No, that was Public Notice 179. That was January 16,
1961.

The Chairman. Well, have you seen this one, or one like it ?

Mr. Laub. Well, I never actually saw this press release, but it was
reported in the press, and I heard about it on the radio.

The Chairman. All right, let me read this passage to you, and
then we won't be quibbling about this.

This press release from the State Department, which was supple-
mented many times by letters and everything else, states:

The Department warns all concerned that travel to Cuba by a United States
citizen without a passport specifically validated by the Department of State for
that purpose constitutes a violation of the Travel Control Law and Regula-
tions. (Title 8 U. S. Code, Sec. 11S5 : Title 22 Code of Federal Regulations, Sec.
53.3) . A wilful violation of the law is punishable by fine and/or imprisonment.

Continue, Counsel.

Mr. NiTTLE. i\Ir. Laub, I hand you a photostatic copy of an Asso-
ciated Press report, datelined Havana, published in the Los Angeles
Times of July 1, 1963, marked for identification as "Laub Exhibit
No. 2." The report states :

A group of 59 American students arrived here Sunday on a self-styled fact-
finding visit to Cuba. They came in defiance of a warning of possible prosecution
on return to the United States.

"We came to Cuba to see for ourselves whether or not we like what is happen-
ing here," said Levi Laub, 27, of New York, spokesman for the group.

Laub, who said he was a student at Columbia University, said U.S. authorities
had refused permission for the trip. Consequently they traveled to Havana by
way of Prague, Czechoslovakia.

716 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

"They (U.S. authorities) menaced us with prison or fines," said Laub. "Well,
they are afraid we will learn what papers say on Cuba is lies."

Is there any inaccuracy in the account of the Associated Press which
I have read to you ?

Mr. Laub. In general, the English of these three paragraphs is
probably consistent with the intellectual level of the Associated Press
correspondent in Havana, but I don't think it is consistent with my
own. However, I did say that we came to Cuba to see for ourselves
what is happening. I did not say whether we liked it or not. I did say
that the United States State Department had refused to validate the
passports of some people in the group who had applied for validation.
I did say that they— referring to the State Department — in this public
notice that you just showed me did threaten us with prisons or fines —
prison or fines, and I don't recall saying that, "Well, they are afraid
that we will learn what the papers say on Cuba is lies," but I just
might as well have said it anyway.

(Document marked "Laub Exhibit No. 2" and retained in committee
files.)

Mr. NiTTLE. Well, Mr. Laub, apparently you said something quite
similar in Havana to the Cuban newspaper reporter of Revolucion. I
have an extract from a copy of the Cuban newspaper Revolucion of
July 1, 1963, page 1, column 1. They report there that you said :

"We came here to see and hear directly what is happening in this country,
only 90 miles from Florida, where the Socialist revolution has succeeded, and
also in order to know the truth, discuss and learn with the students, laborers,
farmers and leaders of the revolution. We are tired of reading and listening
to prefabricated reports, wrong impressions, lots of talking without saying any-
thing, half-truths and lies. That is why we are here."

Did the Revolucion reporter correctly report your interview?

Mr. LxYUB. I think he did.

Mr. NiTTLE. Are you satisfied with his use of grammar ?

Mr. Laub. Yes, much better.

Mr. Chairman, I wonder, since you brought up this question, you
brought up this press release of the State Department.

The Chairman. We will conduct the hearing, question by question.

Goon.

Mr. NiTTLE. Now, Mr. Laub, in the appearance of Stefan Martinot
before this committee on May 23, 1963, he testified that a group of
approximately 30 to 35 persons met in New York City on October
14, 1962, to form an organization titled "The Ad Hoc Student Com-
mittee for Travel to Cuba." Were you in attendance at this organiz-
in.of meeting of the Ad Hoc Student Committee on October 14 at New
York?

Mr. Laub. Yes, I was.

Mr. NiTTLE. Do you know on whose advice and counsel this group
was formed ?

Mr. Laub. I don't understand that question.

Mr. NiTTLE. Who conceived the idea of forming an Ad Hoc Student
Committee for this purpose ?

Mr. Laub. As I remember, the idea was conceived at that meeting.

Mr. NiTTLE. Whose idea was it to assemble this group in New York
on that date ?

Mr. Laub. Well, I was one of the persons who had that idea.
Frankly, I don't remember who the other people were who had the
idea along with me or who I discussed it with.

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S. 717

Mr. XiTTLE. Did you by any chance discuss this idea with Milton
Rosen or Mortimer Scheer, wlio are the acknowledged leaders of the
Progressive Labor organization?

Mr. Laub. I consider that to be a very offensive question.

Mr. NiTTLE. Why do you consider it to be a very offensive question ?

INIr. Laub. Because I don't think it has any pertinency to the subject
matter under inquiry; and furthermore, if you are asking me to
identify names and talk about people in the same manner that this rat
did over here this morning, I refuse to do that.

[Applause.]

The Chairman. Policemen, I order you to escort those who con-
tinued clapping — if you can identify them, or such of those as you can
identify — since I got u[) to demand order; escort them out of the room.

[Demonstration in liearing room. Demonstrators ejected from
hearing room.]

The Chairman (to audience). Now, everybody will be seated.
Everybody will be seated.

Proceed, Counsel.

Mr. NiTTLE. Mr. Chairman, I am asking the reporter to read the last
outstanding question which this witness has not answered. I would
desire to pose that question to him again.

(Question was read by reporter as follows :)

Mr. NiTTLE. Did you by any chance discuss this idea with Milton Rosen or
Mortimer Scheer, who are the acknowledged leaders of the Progressive Labor
organization?

Mr. NiTTLE. Let me repeat the question to you in this form.

The Chairman. Answer the question.

Mr. Laub. I started to say that I consider that an outrageous ques-
tion. And I consider what happened here just now to be outrageous,
just as outrageous as these hearings are.

The Chairman. I now order you to answer the question.

Mr. Laub. This is a witchhunt. There were Nazis sitting over here
this morning; they were not kicked out !

The Chairman. Mr. Counsel, proceed with your next question.

Mr. NiTTLE. Were you and Stefan Martinot and Anatol I. Schlosser
api^ointed by Milton Rosen or Mortimer Scheer to form this orga-
nization, the Ad Hoc Student Committee for Travel to Cuba ?

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

Mr. Laub. I have never been appointed by anybody to do what I
consider is my right to do and my duty to do, but I am not going to
answer that question, because I think that question — the people who
asked me that question want me to be an informer, and I am not going
to be an informer and I am not going to violate my conscience, nor am
I in any way going to abrogate my rights under the first amendment,
my rights of associating with whom I please, when I please, and wdiy I
please, and I also will not answer that question because I don't see what
that question has to do with the subject of travel. And I also will not
answer that question because I refuse to be a witness against myself.

The Chairman. Proceed, Counsel.

Mr. NiiTLE. Mr. Martinot also testified, in his appearance before
us in May, that plans made by the student committee to lead a group of
students to Cuba during the Christmas holidays of 1963 were frus-
trated because of the refusal of the Canadian authorities to allow the
group to board the Cuban airlines for travel to Cuba. The first an-

718 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

niversary issue of the publication, Progressive Labor^ dated January
1963, stated that spokesmen for the stuclent committee then announced
that the trip was not canceled, but only postponed until summer. They
were reported as saying, "We will go via another route."

Mr. Martinot, named as one of the spokesmen in the article, testified
to the correctness of this account. He also stated that in the latter part
of December, the Permanent Student Committee for Travel to Cuba
was formed in New York City.

Were you in attendance at the December 1962 meeting in New York
City, during which the Permanent Student Committee for Travel
to Cuba was formed ?

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

Mr. Laub. I already said tliat I was.

Mr. NiTTLE. The prior question related to the October 14, 1962,
meeting

Mr. Laub. I beg your pardon. I was at that meeting, too.

Mr. NiTTLE. — at which the Ad Hoc Student Committee was formed.
You state now you were also in attendance at the December 1962 meet-
ing of the Permanent Student Committee ?

Mr. Laub. Yes.

Mr. NiTTLE. Now, Mr. Laub, I hand you a copy of the Golden Gater^
a student publication of the San Francisco State College, dated May 3,
1963, marked for identification as "Laub Exhibit No. 3."

This article is titled "Summer Cuba trip costs $100 — not in travel
folders."

The item records in part :

The $100 fee is for transportation to and from the point of embarkation, which
is expected to be somewhere in Canada, according to Levi Laub, Permanent
Student Committee for Travel to Cuba representative.

Laub, who is traveling around the US promoting the travel venture, spoke to a
jammed classroom yesterday about the trip, which includes two weeks in Havana
and two weeks touring the country.

Does that report correctly identify you as a representative of the
Permanent Student Committee for Travel to Cuba ?

Mr. Laub. Yes, it does.

(Document marked "Laub Exhibit No. 3" and retained in commit-
tee files.)

ISIr. NiTTLE. How many universities and colleges did you visit in
organizing and recruiting students for this particular tour ?

Mr. Laub. Do you want me to name them ?

Mr. N1TT1.E. Yes.

Mr. Lau-b. I visited the University of California at Berkeley, I
visited San Francisco State College in San Francisco, I visited Stan-
ford University in Palo Alto. I visited the University of Chicago,
the University of Wisconsin, the University of Michigan. I was at
Brooklyn College, City College, Columbia College.

As far as I remember, that's it-
Mr. NiTTLE. By whom where your expenses of travel assumed ?

Mr. Laub. The expenses for this trip, as all expenses of the Per-
manent Student Committee for Travel to Cuba, which included such
things as expenses I am talking about, putting out press statements,
renting hotel rooms to have press conferences, buying paper to print
our press statements on, all these expenses were assumed by ourselves.
We raised funds ourselves to pay for these expenses.

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S. 719

Mr. NiTTLE. In what way did you raise these funds ?

Mr. Laub. Generally speaking, through parties that we had in New
York City, which were advertised in newspapers. They were open
ail'airs, they were open to the general public. Everybody was invited
to attend. They were listed as parties held by the Permanent Student
Committee for Travel to Cuba, and this was in our accord of going
about our entire work in an open fashion, in reaching as many students
as possible on what we think, what we thought, and what we will
continue to think is a vital issue.

Mr. NiTTLE. Did you receive any financial contributions from any
organization ?

Mr. Laub. No, we did not. I should say, not to my knowledge,
anyway. As far as I know, we didn't. Nor did we ever solicit any
contributions from organizations.

Mr. NiTTLE. I now hand you a copy of an Associated Press dispatch,
datelined Shannon, Ireland, which appeared in the Zo,<? Angeles Times
of June 30, 1963, marked for identification as "Laub Exhibit No. 3-A.''

I should like to read a portion of the report into the record, and
then inquire of you whether the matters contained therein are accu
rately reported.

Fifty-nine American students flew to Cuba Saturday night in defiance of a
warning of prosecution when they returned home.
"We don't care," said their spokesman.

* « * * 4: * *

Levi Laub, 27, the spokesman, said he was a student at Columbia University
in New York but refused to give his address. He said the group had been in-
vited by the Cuban Student Federation which was paying all expenses, including
air fares.

"Last Tuesday we organized two groups so as not to attract attention," he
told a newsman. "The first, a group of 30, flew to London. The second group
of 29 went to Amsterdam and we all joined up in Paris. Later we went on to
Prague to catch a plane for Cuba."

Are you accurately and grammatically reported in this dispatch?

Mr. Laub. Not precisely. I would like to explain what I meant by
saying — first of all, I don't remember saying we organized so as not
to attract attention. Wliat I did explain

(Document marked "Laub Exhibit No. 3-A" and retained in com-
mittee files.)

Mr. NiTTLE. Well, let me ask you the question at this point.

Mr. Laub. Yes.

Mr. NiTTLE. Was there any attempt on the part of your group to
avoid attracting attention at the time of your departure?

Mr. Laub. There was an attempt, and a successful attempt, on our
part to avoid attracting the interference of the State Department or
the FBI or any other organization to stop us from exercising our
rights to travel.

The Chairman. But outside of that effort to avoid detection or de-
tention or any other word you want to use, you made no effort; to stop
any publicity about it, as I understand, to hide the fact that this move-
ment or this trip had been organized and that you were going ?

Mr. Laub. That is correct, and in fact we had issued press state-
ments. We have issued quite a few press statements, long before we
went to Cuba. We had public parties in New York City. We spoke
openly on the campus. You notice that article that you just ])resented
me from the California Golden Gater. There are also articles at the

720 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

same time in the San FrancUco Chronicle and in the San Francisco
Examiner^ and I might add that back in December of 1962 there were
not only articles about our projected trip in many newspapers, but
that members of our group appeared on television programs, radio
programs, and there was absolutely no attempt made to conceal the
fact that we were going to go to Cuba,

The Chairman. The reason why I asked that is because it was
suggested, I think, somewhere down the line, that this committee might
lend notoriety to this thing that might be prejudicial to you. I want
to set the record straight.

Proceed, Counsel.

Mr. NiTTLE. Now, you were detailing the alleged inaccuracies in
that report. T>o you see any other inaccuracy?

Mr. Latjb. Yes, there is an inaccuracy here. It is quoted twice, as
saying that tlieir spokesman said, "We don't care."

Nothing could be more inaccurate. At tlie moment, this whole issue
of the travel ban is something which I — there are very few things
which I care more about, because I have been involved in exposing this
travel ban

Mr. NiTTLE. We don't want a statement, we just want an answer.

Mr. Laub. Exposing it as a fraud for the last 8 or 9 months, and
I care veiy much about it and I care very much, also, about the kind
of threats and the kind of harassment that the State Department or
this committee or any other group like it wants to make against us.
That is very inaccurate, to say that I don't care.

The Chairman. Proceed, Counsel.

Mr. NiTTLE. All right. However, it was correctly reported that
you did state that two groups were organized and that the first, a group
of 30, flew to London, and the second group of 29 went to Amsterdam;
that you all joined up in Paris ; and that you later went on to Prague
to catch a plane for Cuba. That is correctly stated, is it not?

Mr. Laub. Yes, I think so.

Mr. NiTTLE. Yes.

Now, it is the committee's information that one group to which you
referred traveled to Paris via BOAC, British Overseas Airways Cor-
poration, and that the other group to which jow referred traveled
there via KLM Royal Dutch Airlines. Did you not actively partici-
pate in the arrangements for such travel ?

Mr. Latjb. In answer to that question, I would like to make clear
something about what it says here — that it was public knowledge, right
from the beginning, that this was an all-expense-paid trip, that the
Cuban Federation of University Students paid our fares; to whatever
point we would have had to go to, they would have paid our fare to
that point and back. They paid our fare and they paid all our ex-
penses in Cuba, which included room and board at the hotel.

As far as the

Mr. NiTTLE. You do not deny —

ISIr. Laub. — the substance of that question-

Mr. NiTTLE. — that you participated in making the arrangements
for this trip, do you ?

Mr. Laub. I participated in the work of this committee. However,
I am going to have to refuse to answer that question, because I do not
think that that question of how the arrangements were made for this
trip is pertinent to the subject under inquiry. I think that that

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S. 721

question is an attempt to interfere with our right to traveL We have
sliown this summer that we have a right to travel and that tlie State
Department is not in a position to interfere with our right to travel,
and we will go on continuing to protect tliat right to travel and to fight
for it, and I also refuse to answer that question because I think it
violates my rights under the first amendment, and also under the fifth
amendment.

Mr. NiTTLE. Mr. Laub, did you not visit the BOAC office in New
York in the latter part of JNIay 1963 to inquire about flights for Paris
and then, a few days later, call and make reservations for several
students ?

Mr. Laub. I want to refuse to answer that question again for the
same grounds that I have previously stated.

Mr. NiTTLE. At the time, did you not give your own address as
217

The Chairman. "On the grounds previously given," so that we may
proceed in order, includes an mvocation of the fifth amendment?

Mr. Laub. The privilege against self-incrimmation, as well as all
the other grounds I mentioned.

The Chairman. Proceed.

Mr. NiTTLE. At the time of your visits in May to the BOAC office,
did you not give as your address, what you have previously given in
the hearing today, 217 Haven Avenue, New York, which you later re-
quested BOAC to disregard, as you would be out of town, and you gave
the airline as contacts Mr. Anatole Anton, 243 West 107th Street, and
Mr. Phillip Luce, phone : CO-5-1013 ?

Mr. Laub. I have already told the committee, Mr. Chairman, that
I am not going to answer questions about anybody else but myself. I
don't want to be an informer and I have stated my reasons for that.

The Chairman. I understand, but nevertheless we have to develop
the questions according to our plan for the records. You ma}^ invoke
the constitutional provisions, of course, but we must proceed in that
order.

Mr. Laub. Well, I would just like to make clear again that I object
to this question for all the same grounds that I have objected to the
other questions, and am refusing to answer.

Mr. NiTTLE. After visiting BOAC offices, did you not also, follow-
ing that, make arrangements with KLM Airlines for reservations
for the other group of students ?

Mr. Laub. I refuse to answer that question for the grounds previ-
ously stated.

Mr. NiTTLE. Did you not then on June 22, 1963, appear at the offices
of BOAC in New York and pick up the tickets for the group traveling
by BOAC?

Mr. Laub. Again, I refuse to answer that question as well for the
ground previously stated.

Mr. NiTTLE. Now, Mr. Laub, I hand you a copy of the receipt to
BOAC, dated June 22, 1963, marked for identification as "Laub Ex-
hibit No. 4," by which you acknowledge receipt of the tickets therein
set forth on behalf of the student group. That is your signature ap-
pended to the receipt, is it not ?

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

Mr. Laub. I have to refuse to answer that question for the same
grounds that I have already stated.

722 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

Mr. NiTTLE. Mr. Chairman, I offer Exhibit 4 in evidence.

Tlie Chairman. Let the exhibit be incorporated in the record.

(Document marked "Laub Exhibit No. 4" follows.)

Laub Exhibit No. 4

fhia t» to eUt* t^t I aa la S'^celpt of the fcIlovl»g
tltksta iB bskalf of tiM 8tc4«Bt Qr^cii sad paid for
13 OiiidH^ CsaAda bj Rr. J. Jaeoba.

0624 3^78 9$a 06114 3^79 HS) 023

O6II4 3k79 ^78 taS

279 026

280 027

281 028

282 030

283 031
28I1 032
Jf^ 033

031*

06ik 3li79 001 03$

002 036

005 037

006 038

007 OJiO

009 titt

010 Oli2
012 352
018 353
01> 36r
020

NAK3

IDINTIFICATIOH I, ^ , ^

Mr. NiTTLE. Did you then on June 24, two days later, visit the
offices in New York of the KLM Royal Dutch Airlines and pick up
the tickets for students traveling by KLM ?

Mr. Laub. I refuse to answer that question for the grounds I have
already stated.

Mr. NiTTLE. I hand you, Mr. Laub, a jjhotostatic copy of the receipt
to IQjM for those tickets dated June 24, 1963, marked for identifica-
tion as "Laub Exhibit No. 5."

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

723

That is your signature appended to the receipt, is it not?
Mr. Laur. I refuse to answer that question for the grounds pre-
viously stated.

Mr. NiiTLE. Mr. Chairman, I offer Exhibit 5 in evidence.
The Chairman. Let the exliibit be made part of the record.
(Document marked "Laub Exhibit No. 5" follows.)

Lauu Exhibit No. 5

J«M 24, 1963

UN BoT^I D«tob Alrllnss
609 rurth ATKia*
lav lork 17, I. T.

Dmt Sirs I

I tMravlth ooaflTB haTlng reealTod from KM Baj*l Doteh lir-
lln«s tb* follovlDC tlckttBi

07U/2056839 Mr. Albert »feh«r

21U5^0 MIbs Hftb«l Vmj

21U541 Mr. Bob«rt Drt!*

20^9211 Mr. lob«rt EaTfk*

2049212 Mr. Blch&rd Klenann

2ai9215 MlB« Catberln* Prtatkj

2049216 Mr. John Hilton

2049217 Mr. Cliston J«nok»
20A9219 Mr. f»U Karaaa

2056520 Mr. Iric John»on

2056521 Klas Lurla Castall

2056522 Mr. Chrlatian Balener
2056527 Mr. Don EjiIjumui
2056530 Mr. Qjarlsa Buchaa*a

2056532 Mr. Joc« hfeiriji Uaa

2056533 Mr. Jawa Uej

2056538 Mr. J&sea Starec Bannett— '

2056540 Ml«s Clara Da« Schalbarger Jenoks

2056832 Mr. Hactor Hill

2056833 C*rjl 2at«T»»
2056835 Hlos Isn Villlaas
2056856 Mr. Arthvsr Zelaaa.
2114345 Mr. Todd 3t«wart

vera p&id for oa J«aa 11th to Ha Ottow

Tbasa tloiiata
by Mr. J&eob.

Hr. Uob

sf-

W'y UJ' /^/ ~ ^- ^^

Mr. NiTTLE. Mr. Laub, I call your attention to the address which
you gave following your signature on Exhibit 5, the receipt to the
Royal Dutch Airlines. You gave your address then as 414 West 121st
Street, Apartment 58. Is that not the address of Stefan Martinot?

Mr. Laub. As long as you continue to ask questions about other

724 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

people, you know tliat I am not going to answer them, so I think you
would save time if you did not ask me these questions.

The Chairman. What is your answer to it ?

Mr. Laub. That I refuse to answer because I will not be an informer
and because I think that the question is not pertinent to the subject
matter under inquiry, because I think that this question has no rele-
vance to the issue of free travel or to any legislation that might be
pending, because I think the question violates my rights under the first
and fifth amendment.

Mr. NiTTLE. Mr. Laub, were you living at 414 West 121st Street,
Apartment 58, on June 24, 1963 ?

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

Mr. Lattb. I refuse to answer that question on the grounds previ-
ously stated and I would like to point out that, when you ask me a
question about an address other than the one which I have identified
to be my own, putting an address in the record would identify perhaps
an individual who lived at that address, and it would in effect make an
informer out of me again, so I have to refuse to answer that question.

Mr. NiTTLE. I respectfully request the witness be directed to answer
the question, Mr. Chairman.

Tlie CiiAiRMAisr. I think he said he refused to answer it on the
grounds previously stated. Is that correct ?

Mr. Lattb. Correct.

Mr. NiTTLE. In your receipt to the BOAC airlines. Exhibit 4, you
.Tave your address on June 22, two days before, as 148 West 72d
Street, New York, which is not the address you stated to be your
residence in response to my questions at the commencement of this
interrogation, nor was it the address which you gave 2 days later
to KLIM. Why did you give a different address ?

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

Mr. NiTTLE. 148 West 72d Street, in this instance ?

Mr. Laub. I refuse to answer that question for the grounds previ-
ously stated.

Mr. NiTTLE. Now, Mr. Laub, I would like you to tell us, please, in
what manner and by whom the actual payment for these tickets was
made to BOAC and to KLM Airlines?

Mr. Laub. I refuse to answer that question for all the grounds
previously stated.

Mr. NiTTLE. I direct your attention for the moment

Mr. Laub. But I would like to make clear that I have said already
that it has been public knowledge right from the beginning and it still
is today, anybody who wants to pick up any newspaper on the subject,
that we never attempted to hide or conceal the fact

Tlie Chairman. That is not the point.

Mr. Laub. — that the Federation of University Students in Cuba
paid for this trip.

The Chairman. The point is whether you handled the matter.

Proceed, Counsel.

Mr. NiTTLE. Were these expenses actually paid by the Cuban
Student Federation ?

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

Mr. Laub. Since that M^as what they said they were doing and their
invitation — they invited us as their expense-paid guests — I assume that

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S. 725

these expenses were paid by the Federation of University Students of
Cuba.

Mr. NiTTLE. Now you are reportino; what was said. Do you have
knowledoje whether or not the Cuban Student Federation actually paid
these exjienses?

Mr. Laub. Not being a member of tliat Student Federation or an
officor of it or having anything to do with it except having been there
as their guest, I am in no position to know that for a fact.

Mr. NiTTLE. Well, you are the individual who made the arrange-
ments with BOAC. The Cuban Federation didn't make them. You
are the individual who made the arrangements with KLM. The
Cuban Federation didn't do that. You inquired about the tickets,
you picked them up.

Now where did the money come from to pay for these?

Mr. Laub. I never said any such thing. You have said it.

Mr. NiTTLE. Didn't you go to BOAC to make arrangements for
these tickets?

INIr. Laub. I have already refused to answer that question.

The Chairman. Yes, he has refused to answer that. Proceed.

INIr. NiTTLE. Do you know to whom the funds were transmitted to
pay for these tickets, if the Cuban Federation did pay for them?

Mr. Laub. I refuse to answer that question for all the grounds
previously stated.

INIr. NiTTLE. Now Mr. Laub, although the tickets were reserved at
the New York offices of BOAC and KLM and picked up there by
you, the committee's investigation discloses that the tickets were paid
for at the offices of BOAC and KLM in Ottawa, Canada. Do you
know this to be a fact ?

Mr. Laub. I refuse to answer that question for all the grounds
previously stated.

I might suggest that if there are some questions that you would like
me to answer, you might ask me some questions about the legislation
that has to do with travel. I have done a lot of reading on this legisla-
tion. I am prepared to talk a long time about it. I have a lot of
ideas about it.

The Chairman. We will handle that.

Mr. NiTTLE. You will note that the KLM receipt which you signed
in New York bears the notation that the tickets were paid for in
Ottawa, Canada, by a "Mr. Jacob." On the other hand, the BOAC
receipt identifies him as "Mr. J. Jacobs." Have you ever met "J.
Jacobs"?

Mr. Laub. I have already made clear why I have absolutely refused
to answer any questions of that sort, and I refuse to answer this one
for all the reasons that I have already given you.

Mr. NiTTLE. Would 3^ou even refuse to answer questions about an
agent of a foreign country who is conspiring to violate the laws of
the United States and to endanger its security ?

Mr. Laub. Well, I would have to be familiar with the question
before I could tell you whether I would refuse to answer it or not.

Mr. NiTTLE. Would you refuse to "inform" on that type of person ?

Mr. Laub. Again, the answer is the same.

Tlie Chairman. Proceed, Counsel.

Mr. NiTTLE. Yes. Now do you know if J. Jacobs is a U.S. citizen?

[])emonstration in hearing room.]

98-765 — 63— pt. 3

726 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

The Chairman (to audience). I am afraid some of you people are
headed for the same route that others followed awhile ago. I mean
it.

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

Mr. Laub. I refuse to answer that question for all the grounds
previously stated.

Mr. NiTTLE. Mr. Hoffman testified that in Cuba a film was shown
at which students in your group clapped and applauded when the
film displayed the shooting down of an American airman in South
Korea. Did you applaud that event ?

Mr. Rein. South Vietnam, I believe.

Mr. NiTTLE. South Vietnam, I beg your pardon. Did you applaud
that occurrence?

Mr. Laub. I was not at that film showing, although I wish I were,
because I understand it was a very interesting film.

The Chairman. 'Wliere were you on that date ?

Mr. Laub. I don't remember.

The Chairman. Were you in Cuba ?

Mr. Laub. Yes, I was.

Mr. NiTTLE. Do you know who J, Jacobs is ?

Mr. Laub. I refuse to answer that question for the grounds pre-
viously stated.

Mr. NiTTLE. Do you know any person who, to your knowledge, has
used the name "Jacobs" for this purpose, although Jacobs is not his
real name?

Mr. Laub. I refuse to answer that question for the grounds pre-
viously stated.

IVfr. NiTTLE. Now the committee's investigation reveals that a per-
son using the name of "J. Jacobs" deposited the sum of $22,739.20 in
American currency with the BOAC office in Ottawa, Canada, on June
10 and 11 of 1963, for the purpose of purchasing tickets for a group
of 42 persons who were to leave the United States on June 25. 1963. for
London and Paris.

On June 11, 1963, the same individual deposited $13,436.80 in Amer-
ican currency with the KLM Airlines office in Ottawa.

Had you met this person who calls himself J. Jacobs to discuss "^he
arrangements beins made for the delivery of the funds to the offices
of BOAC and KLM in Ottawa ?

Mr. Laltb. Mr. Nittlf., I refuse to answer that question for the
grounds I have already stated.

Mr. NiTTLE. The committee has reason to believe, Mr. Laub, that
you do know who J. Jacobs is, because our investigation indicates that
you participated in the negotiations for the reservation of tickets at
the offices of KL]\I at New York and that you advised that office that
J. Jacobs was residing at the Hotel Beacon, while in Ottawa, and at
the New Weston Hotel while in New York.

Did you advise any official or employee of KLM to that effect ?

Mr. Laub. I refuse to answer that question for the grounds previ-
ously stated.

jNIr. NiTTLE. How did you obtain that information ?

Mr. Laub. I haven't admitted obtaining any kind of information
that you are talking about, Mr. Nittle, and I refuse to answer that
question for the grounds previously stated.

Mr. NiTTLE. Have you met with J. Jacobs at the New Weston Hotel
in New York City ?

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S. 727

Mr. Laub. I refuse to answer that question for the grounds previ-
ously stated.

JNir. NiTTLE. It is also the committee's information that you told
BOAC another story, and that was that J. Jacobs was then residing at
tlie St. George Hotel in Brooklyn. Was this true ?

Mv. Laub. I refuse to answer that question for the grounds previ-
ously stated.

Mr. NiTTLE. In the course of its investigation, the committee en-
deavored to ascertain whether a J. Jacobs occupied rooms at the New
Weston Hotel and/or at the St. George Hotel in New York City dur-
ing the period in question, but no record was found of any person regis-
tered by that name. Do you have any explanation to otfer ?

Mr. Laub. I refuse to* answer that question for the grounds previ-
ously stated.

Mr. NiTTLE. Mr. Laub, the committee imderstands that 26 tickets
for round-trip transportation between New York and Paris via Ams-
terdam were purchased by Mr. Jacobs from KLM, but that only 23 of
these tickets were issued and of the 23 only 21 were used. There is ap-
parently a refund of $2,584 due to Mr. Jacobs from KLM.

Likewise, with respect to BOAC airlines, 40 tickets were purchased,
but only 36 persons traveled, and a refund of $4,134 awaits the claim of
Mr. Jacobs at the offices of BOAC airlines.

Can you tell us why JNIr. Jacobs has not called for the refund, total-
ing over $6,700 due him from KLM and BOAC airlines ?

Mr. Laub. I refuse to answer that question for the grounds previ-
ously stated.

Mr. NiTTLE. On July 7, 1963, Cuban radio broadcast in Spanish

Mr. Laub. What date was that ?

Mr. NiTTLE. July 7, 1963. The Cuban radio broadcast in Spanish to
the Americas a reported interview of you in Havana. The broadcast
recorded your voice, which from time to time was faded out, and a
paraphrasing of your statements was interjected by the Cuban radio.

Do you recollect granting this interview to the Cuban radio for
broadcast to the Americas in Spanish ?

Mr. Laub. Frankly, I am not sure. I had many interviews while I
was in Cuba, and so did many other members of the group, and I don't
really remember whether I actually ever granted an interview to the
Cuban radio. I don't know what you mean by Cuban radio.

Mr. NiTTLE. The Cuban broadcast made it clear that your alleged
purpose in going to Cuba was, and I now quote —

to see what was really happening in Cuba and did not want to have to rely on
secondhand information or on a press which, generally speaking, is much opposed
to the government headed by Premier Fidel Castro.

Now actually, Mr. Laub, your purpose in going to Cuba was not
simply to see what was happening there ; was it ?

Mr. Laub. Well, we had right from the beginning

Mr. NiTTLE. Answer that "Yes" or "No," please.

Mr. Laub. I would like to answer it in my own way.

Mr. NiTTLE. Was it your purpose in going to Cuba to see what was
happening there ?

Mr. Laub. Yes. That was one of our purposes.

Mr. NiTTLE. All right. Was it not in fact your principal purpose
to conduct propaganda in support of the Communist regime in Cuba,

728 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

to "break" the ban on travel to Cuba, and also to lend support to
Communist revolutionary efforts not only in Cuba, but in Latin Amer-
ica generally ?

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

Mr. Laub. Well, if you want to say that 59 students or 58
students

Mr. NiTTLE. I am asking you what your purpose was.

Mr. Laub. Well, I am answering that question.

Mr. NiTTLE. You can answer that question "Yes" or "No." Was
it your purpose to conduct propaganda in support of the Communist
regime in Cuba, to "break" the ban on travel to Cuba, and to lend sup-
port to Communist revolutionary efforts in Latin America generally ?
Was that your purpose or wasn't it ?

Mr. Laub. I can't answer that question.

Mr. NiTTLE. Why do you hesitate to answer that, if your purpose
was otherwise ?

Mr. Laub. Because, first of all, I think it is very clear that the whole
meaning of the word "propaganda" is at best vague and, in the sense
that you use it, I certainly don't think that that was our purpose.

I am perfectly willing to tell you at length what our purpose was
and I would like to have a chance to tell you what our purpose was,
if you would give me that chance.

The Chairman. I think you have stated it pretty well.

Mr. NiTTLE. Now Mr. Laub, is it not a fact that, toward the end of
your visit to Cuba, a mild controversy arose because some members of
your group desired to remain in Cuba, or to go to Europe for a longer
period rather than returning directly to the United States at that
time ?

Mr. Laub. Would you repeat that question, please ?

Mr. NiTTLE. Did not a mild controversy develop within your group,
some wishing to remain in Cuba for a longer time than was planned
and some desiring to go to Europe for a stay ?

Mr. Laub. No, I wouldn't call it a controversy. It was a difference
of opinion, or it was a difference of wish or desires. Some people felt
that after a month's stay in Cuba that they had not been able to
acquaint themselves in detail with the particular items of interest.

For example, there were some people who were particularly inter-
ested in spending more time at the libraries of Ethnological Institute
in Havana. There were other people who wanted to go out and spend
some time at farms and do some work, so that they could have a very
close contact with Cuban farmers and peasants.

There were people who had all kinds of differing reasons for want-
ing to prolong their visit; and generally speaking, toward the end
of July, I would say that it was a consensus of opinion that the trip
should be prolonged at least somewhat, because all of us, including
myself, felt that there were still many interesting things about Cuba
and about the Cuban revolution and about the Socialist Government
in Cuba that we wanted to see that we hadn't a full chance to investi-
gate.

Mr. NiTTLE. Did you not, in fact, during the course of this contro-
versy^ — if we may call it that — state to the group that staying in Cuba
would be a question of Cuban foreign policy ; that, if the group were
broken up, this would have less impact on the people in the United

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S. 729

States, since the main purpose of this visit to Cuba was to "break"
the travel ban?

Did you not say that to this group, or words to that effect?

Mr. Laub. Well, I will tell you exactly what words 1 did say. It
was — first of all, I would like to point out that so far as the group,
that this group at all times operated in a democratic fashion, that
any question that came up before this group was not decided

^Ir. XiTTLE. The question is. Did you or did you not

The Chairman. Let him answer. I think he will give it.

Mr. Laub. — that any question that came up before this group as
to where we would go or what we would see or how we would spend
our time or wdiether people would stay behind or we all should leave
together, that these questions were decided by having a group discus-
sion in which everybody was free and did get up and express his or
her opinion and that, generally speaking, we did not rush into a vote,
because we did not want to have a situation in which, for example,
30 people might want to go here and the others did not want to go.

We did not want to impose the will of 30 upon the other 20 or 25
or whatever the number might be; and in this case, as a member of
the group, I expressed my opinion, and it is still my opinion and was
my opinion then, that it would be more effective in terms of presenting
the issues raised by our trip to the xlmerican public in the most effec-
tive way, with the greatest impact, if we should all return to the
United States at the same time.

The Chairman. Now did you

Mr. Laub. And as to members of the group who wanted to stay,
I did not tell them that this was a question of Cuban foreign policy,
because I don't run Cuban foreign policy. I told them that, as far as
I knew, any requests to stay in Cuba, since we had come as a group,
and I think the organization which — the tourist organization which
actually arranged our accommodations, and so forth, usually brings
in groups as a delegation.

The Chairman. At this point, it looks like counsel was wiser than
I. I thought you would come to the answer.

Mr. Laub. I am coming to the answer.

The Chairman. Well, I think you traveled far enough.

Mr. Laub. I am getting right to the answer.

The Chairman. The point is this: Did you say anything about
the impact on the "breaking" of the travel ban, as being more effective
if they stuck together ? Now that is the real question.

Mr. Laub. I put that to the group as my opinion, and there was a
group discussion.

The Chairman. What did you put as your opinion ?

Mr. Laub. It was my opinion that all 58 of us should return to the
United States together.

The Chairman. That is still not the point. Did you say that it
would be a more effective way of bringing about repeal of the ban
against travel if they stuck together vis-a-vis the effect on the ban?
That is what this question is about.

Mr. Laub. Certainly. The answer to that is I think it is
obviously

The Chairman. "Certainly," you said that ?

730 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

Mr. Laub. I said that if we all go back together, we will have a
much greater impact on the press and on the public.

The Chairman. That is not what we are talking about.

Mr. Laub. Well, what are we talking about?

The Chairman. We are only talking about one thing. Did you say
that if the group stuck together, it would be more effective in "break-
ing the travel ban." That is the only question.

Mr. Laub. Well, you could construe it that way. That is not what
I said, but that is all right. It is within the meaning of what I said.

Mr. NiTTLE. And didn't you also say it was a matter of Cuban for-
eign policy and that would have to be a decision of the Foreign Min-
istry in Cuba, and after you said that

Mr. Laub. No, I didn't say that.

Mr. NiTTLE. — did not Richard Thorne, one of your group, then ask
you to talk to the Foreign Ministry of Cuba? Did Richard Thorne,
or did he not, ask you to talk to the Foreign Ministry of Cuba?

jMr. Rein. I suggest he ought to give the witness a chance to answer
some of these questions.

The Chairman. What is the question? Rephrase it.

Mr. Laub. You asked me two questions there.

]\Ir. NiTTLE. Did you not state in the course of this discussion that
your staying together was a question of Cuban foreign policy, that
that was a matter for the

Mr. Laub. No.

Mr. NiTTLE. — Foreign Ministry of Cuba, and thereupon did not
Richard Thorne, one of your group, say to you, "Then talk to tlie
Foreign Ministry of Cuba for permission to stay" ?

Mr. Laub. Is that three questions or four questions? How many
are you asking, Mr. Nittle ?

The Chairman. It is only one question. I so rule. It is explain-
ing a very plain question. Proceed with your next question.

Mr. Nittle. j\Ir. Laub, are you not a member of an organization
which calls itself Progressive Labor? You do not deny that. Is that
correct ?

Mr. Laub. Are you asking me if I am a member, or whether I deny
it?

Mr. Nittle. Are you not a member of Progressive Labor ?

Mr. Laub. I am a member of Progressive Labor and I have been a
member of Progressive Labor for about 11 months, and this is public
knowledge. My name has appeared on Progressive Labor's students
pamphlets put out at Columbia University and at the City College
of New York.

The fact that I am a member of Progressive Labor has been known
to everybody who went on this trip. I have never attempted to conceal
it and I wouldn't attempt to conceal it, because I am damn proud of it.

Mr. Nittle. Stefan ^lartinot openly acknowledged his membership
in Progressive Labor, as well, during his appearance before the com-
mittee.

Now, Mr. Laub, I hand you a copy of the December 1962 issue of the
publication Progressive Lahor^ which contains a reprint of an item
in the Columhia Spectator of November 14, 1962. The document is
marked for identification as "Laub Exhibit No. 6."

The item reprinted from the CoJumhla Spectator is titled "Marxist-
Leninist Organization Formed by Columbia Students" and appears

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S. 731

Oil page 12 of the exhibit. I shall read part of this item into the
record :

"We consider ourselves Marxists-Leninists. Whatever name yon want to call
us — communists, socialists — if it fits, we'll wear it. We defend the communist
party's right to exist in the United States, and we're opposed to the sustained
campaign against it."

These were statements made yesterday by organizers of the Columbia Progres-
sive Labor Student Club, which held its tirst organizational meeting Monday
night.

The club plans to file a registration petition with the university in order to
be recognized as an official student club. Its goal is "work toward establishment
of a revolutionary socialist party in the U.S."

"The aim would be for the working class, people who don't have a stake in
ownership or management, to seize political control of the state," say the orga-
nizers, Levi Laub '63 and Steve Martinot, a graduate mathematics student.

Does the article correctly report you as an organizer of the Columbia
Progressive Labor Student Club ?

Mr, Laub, I will answer this question, but I would just like to say,
because I think this is very important, that although I am willing to
answer, and I will answer these questions about my beliefs, I really
don't think that the committee should be asking me these questions,
because I don't think they are pertinent to the subject under inquiry.

Also, what I consider even more important is the fact that many of
the students, most of the students who went on this trip to Cuba this
summer, come from all parts of the United States, they represent

Mr. NiTTLE. Well now —

The Chairman. That is all right.

Mr. Laub. They represent diverse political opinions, they have their
own political views. Some of them I would characterize even as
apolitical. Some of them work for the FBI. Now I just want to make
clear that I don't want anything that I am going to say about my
political beliefs here to reflect in any way upon the political beliefs or
feelings or ideas

The Chairman. I understand your position.

Mr. Laub. — of any of the students that went on that trip.

The Chairman. I understand your position, and no such implica-
tions will be drawn by me, I assure you.

]\Ir. NiTTLE. We are not asking you about your beliefs, Mr. Laub.
The question was directed to your organizational activities.

Mr. Laub. Yes, well, I would be involved in organizational activi-
ties that concern my beliefs.

]\Ir. NiTTLE. Mr. Martinot, in his testimony, testified to the sub-
stantial correctness of this item in the Colwnbia Sjjectator. The ques-
tion to you is whether you were an organizer of the Columbia Pro-
gressive Labor Student Club.

Mr. Laub. Yes, I was.

(Document marked "Laub Exhibit No. 6" and retained in committee
files.)

Mr. NiTTLE. Mr. Martinot also described the Columbia Progressive
Labor Student Club as an affiliate of Progressive Labor. Do you agree
with this?

Mr. Laub. Yes, I would say we were an affiliate, we are an affiliate
of the Progressive Labor Movement, but actually our relationship to
the Progressive Labor Movement has never been closely defined.

We operated in the beginning as a citj^wide student organization
and we were an autonomous organization in the sense that we called

732 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

our own meetings, made our own policies, decided what we were going
to discuss. It was only students who participated in those activities.

Mr. NiTTLE. Yes, but you as an organizer of this club were also a
member of a parent organization, Progressive Labor, were you not'^

Mr. Laub. Yes.

Mr. NiTi'LE. Is not Progressive Labor a group which may be de-
scribed as an ultrarevolutionary, Communist splinter group, formed
on or about January 1962 by Milton Rosen and Mortimer Scheer, who
are also editors of the organization's publication titled Frogresswe
Labor?

Mr. Laub. Well, Mr. Nittle, you might call it ultra, but

Mr. Nittle. Xo, I am not. That is what the Communist Party of
the United States calls your group, but if you wish me to eliminate
that from the question and put it in this way

Mr. Laub. I don't care who calls it "ultra," or whatever they call it.

Mr. Nittle. Is it not a Communist splinter group formed on or
about January 1962 by Milton Rosen and Mortimer Scheer?

Mr. Laub. Could you explain to me what you mean by a "splinter
group" ?

Mr. Nittle. Let me even eliminate that. Is it not a Communist
organization that was formed in January 1962 by Milton Rosen and
Mortimer Scheer ?

Mr. Laub. I refuse to answer a question that would in any way put
me in the position of having to identify any individuals; but if you
would ask me the question. Was the Progressive Labor Movement
formed in January 1962, 1 would be glad to ansAver that question.

The CiiAiRiiAX. Was it about the date ? You said you had been a
member for 11 months. So does that make it about right ?

Mr. Laub. The Progressive Labor IMovement was formed around
January 1962.

The CiiAiRMAX. All right, proceed.

Mr. Nittle. Mr. Chairman, I state for the record that Milton Rosen
was the former labor secretary of the New York State Communist
Party, while INIortimer Scheer was formerly the Erie County, New
York State, chairman of the Communist Party. Both were defeated
candidates for the Communist Party's National Committee at its
December 1959 convention.

Are 3^ou aware, Mr. Laub, of tlie fact that in the fall of 1961 Rosen
and Scheer were expelled from the Communist Party as "neo-Trot-
skyites" who refused to accept the present united-front tactics of the
Communist Party and denounced it as "revisionist" ?

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

Mr. Nittle. In the order of expulsion, did not the Communist
Party refer to Rosen and Scheer as members of the "Albanian"
movement ?

Mr. Laub. Mr. Chairman, I would like to make something clear
here. I will be perfectly glad to talk about the Progressive Labor
Movement, as I am a member of it, and I am proud to be a member
of it, but I am not going to talk about any other individuals.

The Chairmax. All right.

You refuse to answer the question on that ground, that it might
involve third parties. Is that it, for the reasons previously stated ?

Counsel, now proceed with your next question.

Mr. Nittle. Is it not a fact, Mr. Laub, that Progressive Labor, like
the Communist Party — and despite its tactical disagreements with

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S. 733

the Communist Party — is committed to an all-out defense of the
Castro regime?

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

Mr. Laub. I tliink tliat it would be easier to answer that question if
it were made a little more simple. If you were to ask me simply what
is the Progressive Labor Movement's position on the Castro regime,
without all the prefaces you just considered completely — ■ —

Mr. Nn^LE. All right, let me put it this way, then. Is not the
Progressive Labor organization committed to an all-out defense of
the Castro Communist regime? Now you can answer that "Yes" or
"No."

Mr. Laub. Well, I don't think you are serious. That is a very com-
plicated question. There is a lot to talk about, and I refuse to answer
it "Yes" or "No."

The Chairman. Proceed with your next question, Mr. Nittle.

Mr. Nittle. Perhaps this will clarify it. I hand you a copy of the
November 1062 issue of Progressive Labor, marked for identification
as "Laub Exhibit No. 7.'' At page 4 of the publication appears a
reprint from the Cohimhia Daily Spectator of October 26, 1962, titled
"Socialist Labor Group Rallies; Action Plans Protest Today."

The article, reprinted from the Columhla Daily Spectator^ reports
as follows:

Members of Progressive Labor, a socialist-oriented peace group, demonstrated
against the United States quarantine of Cuba at 116th St. and Broadway yester-
day at noon.

Before an estimated crowd of 100 students and passers-by, Levi Laub, a Senior
in Columbia College, and a member of the group, spoke against President Ken-
nedy's order. "We feel that the actions of President Kennedy, and his statement
that Cuba would be invaded if the quarantine is not successful, is a threat to
the existence of mankind," Mr. Laub said.

JNIr. Laub, does the Columhia Spectator correctly report your
statement ?

Mr. Laub. Yes, I believe I said that, but I would like to point out,
because I am somewhat immodest, they say 100 students; I say the
number was closer to 400.

(Document marked "Laub Exhibit No. 7" and retained in committee
files.)

Mr. Nittle. Now I hand you a copy of the March 1963 issue of Pro-
gressive Lahor^ marked for identification as "Laub Exhibit No. 8."

I direct your attention to an editorial therein reprinted, which is the
text of a broadcast by Milton Rosen, editor of Progressive Lahor and
chairman of the Progressive Labor Movement, rendered on Station
WBAI, March 4.

Now he said, in part, at page 15 of the exhibit :

Attempts to destroy the revolution in Cuba are doomed. As a matter of fact
an attempt on the part of the United States to crush the Cuban i-evolution may
very well be its last try anywhere. Cuba is not alone. One billion people live
under Socialism today. The socialist world will defend the Cuban revolution.

Is it not a fact that vou as a member of Progressive Labor take the
same position with respect to Cuba as does Milton Rosen, your leader?

Mr. Laub. Mr. Nittle, I would be very glad to answer that question,
because I have a lot to say on that question. I would prefer, of course,
if you didn't always insist upon dragging in the cat, and talking about
isn't it true that this is — that my views are exactly identical to some-
body else's views.

734 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

I don't think my views are exactly identical to anybody else's views.
However, on that question, from what I saw in Cuba this summer,
from what I have seen of the successes of the Cuban revolution, the
brilliant successes of the Cuban revolution

Mr. NiTTLE. Now, Mr. Laub, we are not referring to what you saw or
didn't see.

Mr. Laub. I am answering your question. I would like to answer
the question in my own way.

Mr. NiTTLE. Do you, as a member of Progressive Labor, follow

Mr. Laub. You want me to answer the question in some pre-set form.
Now I have to answer the question in my own words, and not yours.

Mr. NiTTLE. Let me ask you this one simple question. Are you under
the discipline of the Progressive Labor party ?

Mr. Laub. I am a member of the Progressive Labor Movement.

(Document marked "Laub Exhibit No. 8" and retained in committee
files.)

Mr. NiTTLE. All right, we will pass on to the next question.

Mr. Laub. You are not interested, then, in what I have to say about
this previous question ?

Mr. NiTTLE. I think you have answered it.

Mr. Laub. I don't think I have answered it. You haven't given me
a chance to answer that question. I would like an opportunity.
There was a man up here this morning that had an opportunity to
speak at length about what he thought about Cuba. How about
letting me say something?

[Applause.]

Mr. NiTTLE. Now, Mr. Laub, it is the committee's information that
on April 28, 1961, you were arrested at City Hall Park, New York
City, for refusal to take shelter during an air raid alert, in connection
with a protest sponsored by tlie Civil Defense Protest Committee.

Were you not convicted of a violation of the New York civil defense
law because of your action and fined $15 on May 8, 1961 ?

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

Mr. Laub. I would like to know what that has to do with the subje^.t
under inquiry.

Mr. NiTTLE. The relevance of that question is that past conduct
of a nature similar to that under present inquiry is relevant to show
knowledge, disposition, and purpose of the witness.

Mr. Laub. Is this an inquisition or a legislative inquiry, Mr. Nittle?
Are you investigating me in a court ?

Mr. Nittle. The Congress is trying to determine

The Chairman. Mr. Laub, answer the question.

Mr. Laub. The answer is that I did participate in that demonstration
because I thought those laws were ridiculous and I still do think they
are absolutely ridiculous, and

The Chairman. Next question.

Mr. Nittle. Were you not in this instance, as in the instance of your
travel to Cuba in violation of law, engaged in agitational tactics to
advance the cause of communism ?

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

Mr. Laub. I have never admitted, nor will I ever admit until the
Supreme Court tells me to, tliat I have traveled to Cuba in violation of
law; and if you insist upon phrasing the question in that way, I can't
answer it.

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S. 735

Mr. NiTTLE. Was it not your purpose in that instance to conduct
agitation as a Communist to impede the defense preparations of the
United States?

JNIr. Laub. It was my purpose, in that instance, to bring to the
attention of the public what 1 thought to be a ridiculous law, and I
was participating in a demonstration against that law in a very old
American tradition of civil disobedience, and there are plenty of people
in this country today who are participating in that same tradition and
carrying on a veiy brave fight against the same kind of racists that are
sitting up here in front of me right now.

[Applause.]

5lr. NiTTLE. Mr. Chairman, the staff has no further questions of this
witness.

The Chairman. Any questions?

Mr. Tuck. I have no questions.

The Chairman. The witness will be excused, and we will reconvene
tomorrow at 10 o'clock in this room.

("Wliereupon, at 5 :20 p.m. Thursday, September 12, 1963, the sub-
committee recessed to reconvene at 10 a.m. Friday, September 13,
1963.)

VIOLATIONS OF STATE DEPART3IENT TRAVEL REGU-
LATIONS AND PRO (ASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVI-
TIES IN THE UNITED STATES

Part 3

FEIDAY, SEPTEMBER 13, 1963

United States House of Representatives,

Subcommittee of the
Committee on Un-American Activities,

Washington^ D.O.
public hearings

The subcommittee of the Committee on Un-American Activities
met, pursuant to recess, at 10 :30 a.m. in the Caucus Room, Cannon
House Office Building, Washington, D.C., Honorable Edwin E. Willis
(chairman) presiding.

Subcommittee members: Representatives Edwin E. Willis, of
Louisiana; William M. Tuck, of Virginia; and August E. Johansen,
of Michigan.

Subcommittee members present : Representatives Willis, Tuck, and
Johansen.

Committee members also present: Representatives Joe R. Pool,
of Texas ; Richard H. Ichord, of Missouri ; George F. Senner, Jr., of
A^rizona; Donald C. Bruce, of Indiana; and Henry C. Schadeberg, of
Wisconsin. (Appearances as noted.)

Staff members present: Francis J. McNamara, director; Alfred
M. Nittle, counsel; and Donald T. Appell, chief investigator.

The Chairman. The subcommittee will come to order and will re-
main in order. Demonstrations of the type that took place yesterday
will not be tolerated. We are glad to have people here. It is an open
hearing. This is part of a traditional congressional practice. Every-
one must realize, however, that he is a ffuest of the committee in connec-
tion with these hearings. There will be no postponing of action.

The first demonstration that occurs will be handled appropriately.

I know there are a lot of people here who feel as I do. I hope they
are in the majority. This warning applies to everyone. It applies
to those who might be associated with Progressive Labor; it applies
to friends and foe, if any, of the student travelers; it applies to Mr.
Rockwell and his associates; it applies to everyone.

There will be order and order will be maintained. I plead with
you to respect the order I am now giving. I plead with you, who al-
ways express deep admiration for our constitutional process, to respect
that.

737

738 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

Mr. Nittle, call your first witness.

Mr. Nittle. Phillip Abbott Luce, come forward please.

The Chairman. Please raise your right hand. You do solemnly
swear that the testimony you are about to give will be the truth, the
whole truth, and nothing but the truth, so help you God ?

Mr. Luce. I do so affinn.

TESTIMONY OF PHILLIP ABBOTT LUCE, ACCOMPANIED BY COUNSEL,

MICHAEL B. STANDARD

Mr. Nittle. Would you state your name and residence for the rec-
ord, please ?

Mr. Luce. Before I do that, sir, I would very much like to strongly
object to the fact that this is not an open hearing. In fact, you have
refused to allow one of the witnesses that was subpenaed here to come
into this room. He appeared yesterday. He was in no way involved
in any kind of action that took place.

But you allowed this creep, this fink, to appear. It is absolutely
despicable that any hearing should be run in this manner, sir.

The Chatrmaist. Now you will answer the question. I order you to
answer the question.

Mr. Luce. What was the question ?

Mr. Nittle. Will you state your full name and residence for the
record, please?

Mr. Luce. My name is Phillip Abbott Luce — Luce as in Henry and
Clare Boothe.

Mr. Nittle. Are you represented by counsel ?

Mr. Luce. Yes, sir, I am.

Mr. Nittle, Would counsel kindly identify himself for the record,
stating his name and office address?

Mr. Standard. INIichael B. Standard, 30 East 42d Street, New York.

J\[r. Nittle. Mr. Luce, I do not believe you stated your residence for
the record. Would you do so ?

Mr. Luce. My residence is 504 West 55th Street, New York City.

]\Ir. Nittle. Mr. Luce, have you ever used or been known by any
name other than Phillip Abbott Luce ?

Mr. Luce. Not to my knowledge, sir.

Mr. Nittle. Would you state the date and place of your birth ?

Mr. Luce. October 18, 1936, Lancaster, Ohio.

]Mr. Nittle. Would you relate the extent of your formal education,
giving the dates and places of attendance at educational institutions
and any degrees you may have received ?

Mr. Luce. I graduated from Springfield Public High School in
Springfield, Ohio, in the year 1954. I attended Miami University in
Oxford, Ohio, for 2 years. I attended Mississippi State University,
where I received a bachelor of arts degi'ee in 1958. I attended Ohio
State University where I received a master's degree in political science
in the year 1960, 1 believe.

]Mr. Nittle. What is your present occupation ?

Mr. Luce. My present occupation is associate editor of the publica-
tion Rights, of the Emergency Civil Liberties Committee.

Mr. Nittle. That organization has its offices at 421 Seventh Avenue,
New York ; is that correct ?

Mr. Luce. I believe so.

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S. 739

Mr. NiTTLE. What other employments have you held since gradua-
tion from college?

Mr. Luce. That is the only one.

]Mr. NiTTLE. Pursuant to a passport application filed INIay 20, 1963,
were you not issued a United States passport on May 23, 1963, bearing
number D 396677?

Mr. Luce. I received a passport. I am not certain of the date nor
am I certain of the number.

Mr. XiiTLE. Was it in the spring of 1963 that you made application
for it and received it ?

Mr. Luce. Yes, sir.

Mr. NiTTLE. Did you at any time thereafter, or at the time of making-
application for this passport, request of the Department of State a
specific indorsement of your passport for travel to Cuba?

Mr. Luce. No, sir.

The Chairmax. The answer is "No, sir" ?

Mr. Luce. The answer is "No, sir."

Mr. NiTTLE. Are you aware that on or about May 28, Levi Lee Laub
visited the office of British Overseas Airways Corporation at 530 Fifth
Avenue, New York, to negotiate reservations for a group of students
for travel aboard that airline, and made arrangements for BOAC to
contact either you or Anatole Anton in the event of his absence?

Mr. Luce. If I am not mistaken, Mr. Nittle, not being a lawyer, I
think that is a negative question.

Mr. Nittle. You certainly understand the question, don't you?

Mr. Luce. It is not a question. It must be four questions at least.

The Chairman. Are you aware of that fact ?

Mr. Luce. What fact'?

Mr, Nittle. Are you aware of the fact that Levi Lee Laub visited
the office of BOAC on or about May 28 ?

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

Mr. Luce. First of all, I don't think that question has any relevancy
or pertinence to this hearing. But above and beyond that, in no way,
shape, or form do I intend to be an informer on anybody.

IMr. Nittle. Including "J. Jacobs" ?

Mr. Luce. I don't know who "J. Jacobs" is.

The Chairman. Wait a minute. One question at a time. Do you
refuse to answer the question and, if so, on what grounds?

Mr. Luce. I refuse to be an informer, first of all, on anyone, and
the second is I don't have any idea.

The Chairman. Do you mean you are not aware of that ?

]\Ir. Luce. No, sir.

The Chairman. All right.

jSIr. Nittle. Were you ever contacted by BOAC with respect to the
reservations made by Levi Laub for travel to Cuba by a student group ?

Mr. Luce. As far as I know, I was never contacted by BOAC con-
cerning anything that Mr, Laul) did. I will, however, state that I
received a phone call one evening from some lady, who made some
comments about British Overseas Airlines, whatever it is called.
However, lier questions were of such a nature that I believed it
might be either the FBI or a member of the House Un-American
Acti\i^^ies Committee, one of their investigators calling me. Therefore,
I was completely unresponsive to the call.

740 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

Mr. NiTTLE. Did you have any arrangement with Levi Laiib with
respect to the arrangements made for travel to Cuba and the purchase
of tickets from BOAC?

Mr. Luce. As I stated before, sir, I refuse to be an informer con-
cerning any other person. I had, to the best of my knowledge, a
working relationship with the Student Committee for Travel to Cuba
and this did not include the relationship of the buying of tickets or
any such thing like that.

The Chairman. I believe the question mentioned Mr. Laub. Will
you rephrase the question so I can refresh my mind on what the ques-
tion was ? I don't think he answered it.

Mr. NiTTLE. Had you any understanding with Mr. Laub with re-
spect to the fact that he would visit BOAC to j)rocure tickets for
the student travelers and that he would give your name as a contact
in the event of his absence?

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

Mr, Luce. It seems to me, sir, that is a proper question to have
asked Mr. Laub, first of all, about the arrangements with BOAC. I
made no arrangements with Mr. Laub,

The Chairman. You did not answer the question.

Mr. Luce. I did.

The Chairman. You had no arrangements with Laub?

Mr. Luce. Yes, sir.

Mr. XiTTLE. Had Mr. Laub made it known to you that funds for the
student travel to Europe were being supplied by "J. Jacobs"?

Mr. Luce. These are questions that should be asked of Mr. Laub.
Mr. Laub in no way related this information to me; and if he did, I
wouldn't tell the committee.

The Chairman. But he did not? Is that your answer?

Mr. Luce. Yes.

Mr. NiTTLE. Had this fact come to your attention from some other
source ?

Mr. Luce. I didn't know anything about any arrangements such
as this until yesterday, when I came here and heard you mention it.

Mr. NiTTLE. Did you at any time meet "J. Jacobs," or a person
known by that name?

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

Mr. Luce. I have never met anyone by the name of "J. Jacobs," to
the best of my knowledge.

Mr. NiTTLE. Numerous press reports describe you as one of the
leaders of the student group. Were you directed to assume this re-
sponsibility by your employer, the Emergency Civil Liberties Com-
mittee ?

Mr. Luce. Absolutely no shape or function. I have been on leave
of absence from the Emergency Civil Liberties Committee, and it has
had no function with either the fonnation of this trip or any of its
running.

Mr. NiTTLE. Were you on the payroll of the Emergency Civil Lib-
erties Committee during the course of your trip ?

Mr. Luce. I stated the fact that I was on a leave of absence.

Mr. NiTTLE. I asked you if you were on the payroll ?

Mr. Luce. If I was on a leave of absence, it must mean that 1 was
not on the payroll.

The Chairman. Not necessarily. You could be on a leave of ab-
sence and still receive pay.

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S. 741

Mr. Luce. I was not receiving pay.

Mr. NiTTLE. Were you in attonclance at the organization meeting
of the Ad Hoc Student Committee for Travel to Cuba, which Mr.
Stefan Martinot advised us tooiv phice in New York on October 14,
1962?

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

Mr. Luce. "Wliat was that name again, sir ?

Mr. NiTTLE. Ad Hoc

Mr. Luce. No ; the name of the gentleman.

Mr. NiTi'LE. Stefan Martinot.

Mr. Luce. I have never heard of anyone named Stefan Martinot.

Mr. NiTTLE. By what name has he been identified to you ?

Mr. Luce. I am not exactly certain whom you mean.

Mr. NiTTLE. Do you mean to tell the committee you do not know
Stefan Martinot, S-t-e-f-a-n M-a-r-t-i-n-o-t?

Mr. Luce. I have heard of someone named "Martina." I have never
heard of anyone named Stefan.

Mr. NiTTLE. Now would you tell the committee, please, whether the
person whose name is pronounced by you as Stefan "Martina"

Mr. Luce. "Steven Martina."

Mr. NiTTLE. — was known to you ?

Mr. Luce. That is not the original question.

Mr. NiTTLE. I am aslving that question now.

Mr. Luce. Then you have to repeat it.

Mr. NiTTLE. Mr. Chairman, I ask that the witness be directed to
answer the question.

The Chairman. We will proceed in order, so we will accommodate
him. Ask him again.

Mr. NiTTLE. Were you in attendance at the organization meeting
of the Ad Hoc Student Committee which took place in New York
City on October 14, 1962 ?

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

Mr. Luce. No.

Mr. NiTTLE. Were you in attendance at a subsequent meeting of
this group in December 1962, at which time it was organized into the
Permanent Student Committee for Travel to Cuba ?

Mr. Luce. No.

Mr. NiTTLE. Were you aware that the meeting took place or was
to take place ?

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

Mr. Luce. No.

Mr. NiTTLE. Do you know Stefan Martinot, or "Martina" as you
call him, to be a member of the Progressive Labor Movement?

Mr. Luce. Not being a member of the Progressive Labor, the FBI,
or the House Un-American Activities Committee, I would have no
idea as to the membership of anyone in Progressive Labor.

Mr. NiTTLE. Mr. Luce, I hand you a photostatic copy of an item
appearing at page 4 of the August 12, 1963, issue of the Baltimore
Sim, which contains an article entitled '"CASH USED UP BY STUDENTS."
It is datelined Havana, August 11, 1063. It is marked for identi-
fication as "Luce Exhibit No. 1." I quote from that article:

Phillip Luce, a former student at Ohio State University and one of the group
leaders, said the students decided last week to create a permanent committee,
to be based in New York, to organize more student trips to Cuba.

98-76&— 63— pt. 3 7

742 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

Were you among the students who made that decision while in
Cuba?

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

Mr. Luce. It was a group decision, and I was one of the gi-oup.

(Document marked "Luce Exhibit No. 1" and retained in commit-
tee files.)

Mr. NiTTLE. Did Stefan Martinot and Levi Lee Laub participate in
that decision with you ?

Mr. Luce. As far as I can remember, all 58 students who were on
the trip participated in all decisions made by the group.

Mr. NiTTLE. Was Wendie Suzuko Nakashima a party to that
decision?

Mr. Luce. As I said before, sir, I refuse to discuss individuals.
All 58 members decided on every press release; all 58 members of the
group decided on such things as this. The witness yesterday told
you that one.

Mr. NiTTLE. A press release was issued by the student group prior
to leaving New York on June 25, 1963. It was a press release dated
June 26, 1963. You are identified on that as acting for the press
committee.

Did the 50-odd students vote on your appointment or select you
for that position at that time?

Mr. Luce. No, sir; they did not.

Mr. NiTTLE. Who appointed you ?

Mr. Luce. No one appointed me. It was simply the fact that at
that time it was very obvious that a press release would have to be
written, and

INIr. Standard. There is some question about the date. Did you
indicate an August date, or would you mind repeating the date if it
wasn't an August date ?

]Mr. NiTTLE. I think the witness understood the date.

The CiiAiRMAX. Tell the date to counsel.

Mr. NiTTLE. The date of the press release was June 26, 1963. By
whom were you appointed to the press committee ?

Mr. Luce. I was not appointed to the press committee.

The Chairman. Were you a member of the press committee?

Mr. Luce. Yes, sir, I was.

Mr. NiTTLE. Were you directed to assume that position by the Emer-
gency Civil Liberties Committee?

Mr. Luce. Absolutelj' not.

Mr. NiTTLE. Following your arrival in Cuba, Radio Havana con-
ducted a press conference on July 30, 1963, which was recorded and
then broadcast in English to Europe on August 7, 1963. Did yon, as
chairman of the group's press committee, arrange this press confer-
ence ?

]Mr. Luce. What was the date on that ?

The Chairman. August 7, 1963.

Mr, NiTTLE. The press conference actually took place, Mr. Chair-
man, on July 30, 1963. It was recorded at the time it took place and
was then subsequently broadcast in English to Europe on August
7, 1963.

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S. 743

I^Ir. Luce. The date confuses me. If this was a press conference
held approximately at the end of our trip, then it might have more
bearing. I truly don't recall the date.

Mr. NiTTLF. "Perhaps 1 can refresh your memory. In the course of
the press conference, the Cuban mediator announced that he would
pass the microphone to you and that you were selected to read the
statement of the students. Did you deliver a statement reportedly on
behalf of all the students at or about that time ?

Mr. Luce. Not "reportedly on behalf of all the students," on behalf
of all the students, including Mr. Hoffman, who agreed to the press
statements.

]\fr. NiTTLE. Who prepared the statement?

INIr. Luce. It was prepared by the press committee with the ap-
proval of all 58 of the students.

Mr. NiTTLE. But I am interested in knowing who prepared the
statement for presentation to the students. Now, will you tell us who
participated in the writing of the press statement?

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

Mr. Luce. I will say that I had something to do with the press
statement, but I will refuse to name anyone else who helped me.

Mr. NiTTLE. Did you prepare the initial draft of the statement?

Mr. Luce. A portion of the initial draft.

Mr. NiTTLE. The statement of July 30, 1963, contained the follow-
ing words :

Upon our arrival in the United States we are prepared for harassment and
possible legal prosecution. We came to Cuba knowing full well that we were
defying the State Department's public notice * * *. No amount of persecution
or prosecution can change our original proposition that our trip to Cuba violates
no law, and that it is in the best interests of all Americans.

In asserting that your trip violated no law, did you derive that legal
opinion from any of Castro's lawyers? I do not say that facetiously,
Mr. Lucfr — —

Mr. Luce. You must.

INIr. NiTTLE. — because in an inteiwiew reported in the Daily Tar
Heel of October 26, 1962, a publication of the University of North
Carolina, Larry Phelps, one of the student group identified by Mr.
Hoffman as a member of Progressive Labor, stated that the "New
York coordinators" had been in contact with Castro's lawyer before
the trip was made.

Have you at any time conferred with a person known to you to rep-
resent Castro's interests in the United States?

Mr. Luce. In the first place, I don't think it is a proper question
to ask me, since I am not Mr, Phelps nor the Daily Tar Heel.

The Chairman. We are asking for your knowledge, that is all.

Mr. Luce. I don't know who Castro's lawyers are. That is a very
vague phrase.

Mr. NiTTLE. Did you personally confer with any person known to
you to be Castro's lawyer ?

Mr. Luce. As I said before, I don't know what the phrase "Castro's
lawyer" means.

The Chairman. But you did not ]:)ersonally confer with anyone
known to you to be such an idividual, is that your answer?

Mr. Luce. The way the question is framed, No, sir, I don't know
what "Castro's lawyer" is, or who "Castro's lawyer" is.

744 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

Mr. NiTTLE. Let me be specific.

Mr. Luce. Please do.

Mr. NiTTLE. Did you confer with Leonard Boudin in New York
City?

Mr. Luce. I happen to know Leonard Boudin very well. He is a
personal friend of mine.

Mr. NiTTLE. He happens to be the general counsel of the Emergency
Civil Liberties Committee also, isn't he ?

Mr. Luce. That is very true. That is no crime.

Mr. NiTTLE. And his partner, Mr. Victor Kabinowitz, is on the
executive committee of the Emergency Civil Liberties Committee; is
that true ?

Mr. Luce. As far as I know, he is a member of the national council,
but not on the executive committee of the Emergency Civil Liberties
Committee.

Mr. NiTTLE. I have before me a letterhead of the Emergency Civil
Liberties Committee which, as you say, sets forth members of the
national council, but which identifies Victor Rabinowitz as on the
executive committee of the national council. Is that not correct ?

Mr. Luce. First of all, this has absolutely no pertinence to the hear-
ings whatsoever, in any shape or form, and it does not, sir, mention

Mr. NiTTLE. It is certainly pertinent to the question I asked you.

Mr. Luce. It may be pertinent to the question, but it is not pertinent
to the hearing.

The Chairman. There will be no argument. "Wliat is the question?

Mr. Luce. I don't think Mr. Nittle knows.

Mr. Nittle. Did you at any time confer with Leonard Boudin

Mr. Luce. I thought the question was whether or not Victor Ra-
binowitz was on the executive council, and I have tried to explain
to you; if you can read, you will note it says, "National Council" and
then "Executive Committee" and then there is a break and then the
names begin in alphabetical order again.

The executive committee included those people before the break
who are listed in alphabetical order prior to the second group that are
listed in alphabetical order.

The Chairman. The document will speak for itself, but let it be
made part of the record.

Mr. Nittle. I ask that it be marked for identification.

(Document marked "Luce Exhibit No. 2" and retained in coimnit-
tee files.)

Mr. Luce. Only so long, sir, as Mr. Rabinowitz is not included in
the executive committee of the committee, which he is not.

Mr. Nittle. He is identified on the letterhead as general counsel.

Mr. Luce. Victor Rabinowitz is not identified as general counsel.

Mr. Nittle. I beg your pardon. Leonard Boudin is identified as
such.

Mr. Luce. Perhaps I better give this back to you, sir.

The Chairman. All right.

Mr. Nittle. The question is. Did you confer with Leonard Boudin
or Victor Rabinowitz in New York City?

Mr. Luce. As I stated before, sir, that has absolutely no pertinence
whatsoever to this hearing. Secondly, is the fact that it is totally
outside of the jurisdiction of this committee to inquire upon who I
speak to in New York City.

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S. 745

The Chairman. The Chair rules the question is pertinent, and you
will answer the question.

Mr. Luce. Permanent or pertinent?

The Chairman. Pertinent.

Mr. Luce. Thank you. As I stated before, sir, Mr. Boudin is a
personal friend of mine; and to say that I have never spoken to him
would certainly be an untruth, because I have.

The Chairman, That is a proper answer. Next question.

Mr. NiTTLE. Mr. Chairman, I state for the record that Mr. Boudin
and Mr. Rabinowitz have been identified as representing the legal in-
terests of Fidel Castro m the United States, and have been so identified
in litigation instituted by them in the courts of the United States.

The Chairman. I think the pertinent observation is whether, as
coimsel, they are really, in fact, agents as defined by the Foreign
Agents Registration Act and whether they have registered.

The Chair asks this very simple question, if you know: Do you
know M'hether these two gentlemen have registered as the foreign
agent of the Castro regime in the United States ? This is part of the
subject matter of these hearings.

You see, we have a lobbying act, which requires all people — labor,
management, business, everyone — undertaking to influence legislation
in Congress to register as such.

"We also have an act called the Foreign Agents Registration Act,
which requires people representing foreign governments in the United
States, as defined in that act, to register. With that premise, I simply
ask you whether you know for a fact, ]Dersonally, whether these two
gentlemen have registered as agents of the Castro regime.

I might say there would be nothing derogatory in registering. That
is what the law requires. The law requires it of all agents, including
those of the governments of England, France, many other countries,
who very proudly register. I am simply pointing out the pertinence
of the question,

Mr. Luge, I don't think it is pertinent to the hearing, first of all.

The Chairman. I ruled it is. I am asking you whether you know,

Mr, Luce. I have no idea.

The Chairman. You have no idea ?

Mr, Luce, No,

The CiiAiRiMAN. Next question,

Mr. NiTTLE. Did you discuss arrangements for the trip to Cuba
with Mr. Boudin or Mr. Rabinowitz ?

Mr. Luce. I don't recall having mentioned it.

Mr. NiTTLE. AYliat is your answer ?

Mr, Luce. I don't recall having mentioned arrangements for the
trip to anyone concerning the fact. I didn't know anything about the
arrangements.

Mr. NiTTLE. Did you discuss any matter pertaining to this Cuban
visit with Mr, Boudin or Mr. Rabinowitz prior to travel to Cuba?

Mr. Luce. It is m-uch too vague, Counsel.

Mr. NiTTLE. Mr. Chairman, I ask that the witness be directed to
answer tlie question.

The Chairman. Yes, I think that is an appropriate request. You
are ordered to answer that question.

Mr. Luce. Could I have it repeated ?

The Chairman . Surely. Repeat the question.

746 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

Mr. NiTTLE. Would you please read the question ?

(Question was read by reporter.)

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

Mr. Luce. You are going to have to be more specific as to a time
and place, because I may have at one time or another very casually
mentioned the fact that some people were going to Cuba. I don't
know. So I would like to loiow when.

Mr. NiTTLE. Do you mean to say you have mentioned tliis mat-
ter ■

Mr. Luce. I do not mean that at all.

The Chairman. He said he may have casually mentioned the sub-
ject of a trip.

Mr. Luce. Mr. Nittle is obviously after something specific.

The Chairman. Mr. Nittle, we will have him testify regularly. Is
that your answer, that you may have discussed the matter with them
casually ?

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

Mr. Luce. Yes, sir.

The Chairman. Do you recall any i:)articular discussion involving
any particular phase of the trip, such as time of departure, time of re-
turn, the purpose of the trip ?

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

Mr. Luce. To the best of my knowledge, I did not speak to them con-
cerning the purposes of the trip.

Mr. Nittle. There was disseminated to various applicants for travel
to Cuba with your group, prior to leaving New York, copies of a legal
opinion which was identified in the course of Mr. Hoffman's testi-
mony.^ Could you tell us whether or not that legal opinion was pre-
pared by the law firm of Rabinowitz and Boudin ?

[Demonstration in hearing room.]

The Chairman. There will be no demonstrations. Except for those
that have a purpose, such as the press, I suggest that everybody re-
main seated.

Proceed.

Mr. Nittle. ^Ir. Luce, the outstanding question related to whether
or not a legal opinion disseminated to members of the student group
prior to travel, which purported to advise them of their legal rights,
was prepared by the law firm of Boudin and Rabinowitz.

Mr. Luce. I do not only not know if it was prepared by Boudin and
Rabinowitz, but I have never seen the legal statement.

The Chairman. You do not know of such an opinion having been
prepared ?

IMr. Luce. I have never seen it, sir.

The Chairman. Do you know whether it was prepared? That is a
matter within your knowledge. You either know or you don't. You
are under oath. That is how simple it is. It is a pertinent question.

Mr. Luce. Would it be possible for me to see it? If I could see it,
then I would know. To the best of my knowledge, I don't recall having
seen a legal statement prepared specifically for this trip.

The Chairman. Do you know whether such an opinion was pre-
pared for the benefit of those who cared to see it ?

Mr. Luce. As far as I know, sir, the trip took place in June, and no
such legal document was prepared.

1 See "Hoffman Exhibit No. 2-B," pp. 668-670.

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S. 747

The CiiATKMAN. Proceed,

i\Ir. XiriLE. Immediately after your arrival at New York from
Cuba, via Madrid, on August 29, 1968, were you not received by rep-
resentatives of the Emergency Civil Liberties Connnittee?

Mr. Luce. Yes.

Mr. NiTTLE. Had you engaged in any prior arrangements with rep-
lesentatives of the Emergencv Civil Liberties Committee for that
reception?

Mr. Luce. In Cuba, the group of American students, 58 of them,
decided to request the aid of the Emergency Civil Liberties Committee
regarding any legal matters that may come up in regard to passports
or criminal actions taken by any source.

At that time, the group requested that I cable the Emergency Civil
Liberties Committee requesting their aid. This I did.

The Chairman. About when was that ? Was it toward the begm-
ning or the middle or the last part of the trip ?

Mr. Luce. No, sir, it was within the last 10 days of the trip.

The CiiAiRMAN. Whom did you contact?

Mr. Luce. I contacted the director of the Emergency Civil Liberties
Committee.

The Chairman. Who is he ?

Mr. Luce. Dr. Clark Foreman.

Mr. NiTTLE. Was not this contact initiated at your suggestion to
the student group?

The Chairman. He so stated that, at their request, he made the
contact. Is that not your statement ?

Mr. Luce. Yes, sir.

Mr. NiTTLE. J. Edgar Hoover, Director of the FBI, in his book
Masters of Deceit, stated that the Emergency Civil Liberties Commit-
tee, after its formation in 1959, took over the work of the old Civil
Rights Congress, the latter being described by the Subversive Activi-
ties Control Board as the "legal defense arm" of the Communist Party.

Mr. Luce, are you aware of any plans made by your employer, the
Emergency Civil Liberties Committee, to assist in the defense of stu-
dents who may be prosecuted that were developed or discussed prior
to your visits to Cuba ?

Mr. Luce. Mr. Nittle, in the first place, you made a statement and
then you asked a question. In regard to your statement, allow me to
say you either don't read very well or Mr. Hoover doesn't do his
research very well, because the Emergency Civil Liberties Committee
was not founded in 1959.

Mr. Nittle. I didn't say 1959, as I recollect.

Mr. Luce. You did, sir.

Mr. Nittle. It was fonned in 1951.

The Chairman. "Wliat was the date?

Mr. Luce. 1951.

The Chairjvian. Well, he said so before you did, so we now know it.

Mr. Luce. As I said before, he made a statement.

The Chairman. That is the statement. Now, the question is pend-
ing.

Mr. Nittle. Are you aware of any plans made by your employer,
the Emergency Civil Liberties Committee, to assist in the defense of

748 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

the students who may be prosecuted that were developed or discussed
prior to your visit to Cuba ?

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

Mr. Luce. If tliis question relates to conversations between my em-
ployer and myself, then under no conditions would I reveal any of the
conversations to either you or the committee.

Mr. NiTTLE. I ask that the witness be directed to answer the question.

The Chairman. This is not a question of attempted violation or
intrusion into matters between employer and employee; and even if
it were, it would still be pertinent. It is a simple question of fact.

The identity of your employer is known. It is part of our inquiry.
We are not leading into employer-employee or agent or attorney-client
relationships. This strikes at a matter having to do with pending
congressional legislation in the general subject matter over which this
committee has jurisdiction.

Therefore, I direct you to answer the question particularly since,
unless I missed it, there was no mention of your employer, or I don't
thmk so. I think is was a general question. Or was it, Mr. Nittle ?

Mr. Nittle. Yes, we had established, Mr. Chairman, that his em-
ployer was the Emergency Civil Liberties Committee.

The CiiAiRMAX. All right, you are ordered to answer the question.

Mr. Luce. I don't recall the question as it stands. Could I have it
repeated, please ?

The Chairman. Repeat the question.

Mr. Nittle. Are you aware of any plans having been made, with
or by the Emergency Civil Liberties Committee, to assist in the defense
of these students who may be prosecuted that were developed or dis-
cussed prior to the visit to Cuba ?

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

Mr. Luce. To the best of my knowledge, the answer to the question
is "No." The Emergency Civil Liberties Committee is so created
and so functions so that the only way they can accept a case, or truly
discuss a case, is when a written request is sent to them; and it is then
discussed by the executive committee. And this was not done prior
to the trip.

Mr. Nittle. Were you requested by your employer to take this trip
to Cuba

Mr. Luce. No.

Mr. Nittle. ■ — in order to advance the interests of the Emergency
Civil Liberties Committee ?

Mr. Luce. No, no, no ; in no way, shape, or form.

The Chairman. He answered the question. Nest question.

Mr. Nittle. Have you discussed with your employer any plans for
the defense of these students since your return ?

Mr. Luce. Certainly. Since the Emergency Civil Liberties Com-
mittee will defend them, it is only proper that I asked Clark Foreman.

Mr. Nittle. It is only an incidental fact that you are employed by
them, is that correct?

The Chairman. Let us get his answer correct. I think you are try-
ing to say you did not discuss the matter of employment and had no
knowledge of such discussion, and you think no such discussion could
have taken place because they don't discuss these things in advance,
but that you did discuss the matter with your employer since you have
returned. Is that correct ?

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S. 749

Mr. Luce. That is true, sir.

Mr. NiTTLE. I hand you a photostatic copy of page 3 of the official
(^ommunist Party ])ublication The WorJi'('i\ dated September 18, 19()2,
marked for ideiitiiicatioii as "Luce Exhibit No. 3."

I direct your attention to tlie article titled "Civil Liberty Workshop
All During "Week." The article states that Phillip Abbott Luce is in
charge of the ''student division" of the Emergency Civil Liberties Com-
mittee.

Do you have a special function within the Emergency Civil Liber-
ties Commitee, as described in The Worker exhibit, namely, that of
being in charge of the "student division" of the Emergency Civil
Liberties Committee?

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

Mr. Luce. Not being responsible for the reportage of The Worker,
as far as I know of I did not make any such statement. I am associate
editor of their publication Bights. I have done student work for the
committee. There is no special student division of the Emergency
Civil Liberties Committee. I have admitted working for ECLC; 1
am very proud for an organization that stands for civil liberties. But
giving me a copy of The Worker is obvious, Mr. Nittle, what you are
attempting to do.

The Chairman. Not at all.

Mr. Luce. I responded, sir.

The Chairman. You were asked to comment on tlie article and you
disassociate yourself from the statement in the article, is that about it ?

Mr. Luce. I said that my — Mr. Nittle asked me what my job was,
and I have admitted being associate editor. I have also admitted
that I have done work with the students.

The Chairman. But the article is inaccurate in that respect?

Mr. Luce. In regard to stating that there is a student division ; yes,
sir.

The Chairman. And in saying that you are the head of that
division ?

Mr. Luce. I couldn't possibly be head of it if there wasn't one.

Mr. Nittle. Mr. Chairman, I offer Exhibit 3 in evidence.

The Chairman. Let the document be marked in evidence.

(Document marked "Luce Exhibit No. 3" and retained in com-
mittee files.)

Mr. Nittle. Was it not your function in associating yourself with
student work in the Emergency Civil Liberties Committee to visit
college campuses and to enlist student support for the objectives
of the Emergency Civil Liberties Committee ?

Mr. Luce. It was my purpose to work with students to teach them
about the Bill of Rights and the defense of civil liberties in the
United States.

Mr. Nittle. Pursuant to your duties in charge of, or assisting in,
the student M'ork of the Emergency Civil Liberties Committee, did
you not secure an invitation to speak at a "civil rights rally" at the
Ohio State University for April 25, 1062, sponsored by a student
organization called Students for Libei'al Action ?

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

Mr. Luce. That has absolutely no pertinence whatsoever to the
hearing. It is a liearing on foreign agents registration and pass-

750 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

ports. "Wliether I spoke at Ohio State or any other campus has no
relationship whatsoever to this hearing.

The Chairman. The objectives, purposes, of this hearing encom-
pass that, and you are ordered to answer tlie question.
Mr. Luce. Encompass what ? His question ?

The Chairman. Yes. It is part of the general objectives of these
hearings. The simple question is — and never mind his capacity, Mr.
Nittle, but state the question — did he make a talk. Is that it?

Mr. NiTTLE. Did he appear at the Ohio State University on April

25, 19G2, pursuant to an invitation to speak at a "civil rights rally"

given by a student organization called Students for Liberal Action?

Mr. Luce. Again, I must insist, sir, that you explain to me the

relevance.

The Chairman. I have ordered you to answer. You have con-
sulted with your counsel and you persist in your refusal.

Proceed with the next question. Let the record speak for itself.
^ Mr. Luce. I have not insisted upon a refusal, sir. "VAHiat I would
like to request is that it be explained to me, what relevance it has.
You said it is encompassed within the hearing. But I don't under-
stand why.

Mr. Nittle. ]Mr. Luce, the pertinence of the question, I am sure, is
understood by you, but for the purpose of the record I would like to
repeat that the Emergency Civil Liberties Committee has been found
by the Subversive Activities Control Board to be the legal defense

arm of the Communist

Mr. Luce. That is a lie, Mr. Nittle. The Subversive Activities
Control Board has never considered our case.

Mr. Nittle. I inadvertently stated that the ECLC was found to
be such by the SACB. It has been cited by this committee as orga-
nized for the legal defense of Communists.
Mr. Luce. That is no crime.

Mr. Nittle. The committee has reason to believe this organization
is a Communist organization.

Mr. Luce. Then the committee is mistaken, sir, and you are mis-
taken. Tliis is diatribe, Mr. Nittle. This has absolutely nothing to do
with the question you originally asked me. I would like to know
what |:)ertinence it has to this hearing as to whether or not I spoke at
Ohio State.
The Chairman. Proceed with your next question.
[Demonstration in hearing room.]

The Chairman (to audience). You people in the audience don't
understand the significance of this. This may lead to contempt.
There is nothing funny about it. Proceed with your next question.

Mr. Luce. Excuse me, sir. I don't understand what may lead to
contempt.
The Chairman. You refused to answer the question.
]Mr. Luce. I am not refusing to answer the question. I said that
four tinies. I will answer the question, but I have requested that it
be explained to me what is the relevancy.
The Chairman. It has been explained.
^ Mr. Luce. It has not been explained. You made a statement say-
nig that it was encompassed.

The Chairman. It is a question of whether I am right or not.

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S. 751

l^lr. Luce. It is not a question of whether you are right or wrong.
It is a question of whether you want to keep me in the dark and cite
nie for contempt.

The Chairman. This has been cited by J. Edgar Hoover.

lilr. Luce. I don't care what J. Edgar Hoover or you have said. I
will answer the question.

[Demonstration in hearing room.]

The Chairman (to police officials.) On the next demonstration I
want the leaders who can be identified removed from the room.

Mr. Luce. I said, sir, that I will answer the question, and I will
answer the question. But I would like to know, first of all, what rele-
vance it has and, secondly, I don't see how you can tell Mr. Nittle to
go on and ask me another question.

The Chaiiuvian. He has been trying to explain. You called it a lie
in the middle of his sentence.

Mr. Luce. That is right because he said a lie.

The Chairman. I have explained it, and you wouldn't accept it.
That is the way the record stands.

Mr. Luce. Read me the question, and I will answer it.

Mr. NiTTLE. Will the reporter read the question.

I will rephrase the question. Were you on the campus of the Ohio
State University on April 25, 1962, at the invitation of a student
organization called Students for Liberal Action to speak at a "civil
rights rally" on the campus of that university ?

Mr. Luce. Yes.

Mr. NiTTLE. Now would you tell the committee how many college
campuses you have visited with the intention of making similar ad-
dresses as an employee of the Emergency Civil Liberties Committee ?

Mr. Luce. As many as I could.

The Chairman. Would you name some of them?

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

Mr, Luce. Columbia University, Harvard University, Sarah Law-
rence University, Bryn Mawr, Antioch, Brooklyn College, and others.

The Chairman. Proceed.

Mr. Nittle. Mr. Luce, I hand you a photostatic copy of the 1961-
1962 bulletin issued by The New York School for Marxist Studies, 853
Broadway, New York 3, New York, marked for identification as "Luce
Exhibit No. 4." This bulletin is described as being issued by the
"General Studies Division, Youth Division— SCOPE (Student Com-
mittee on Progressive Education)" and sets forth the courses for the
fall term of 1961 and the winter and spring terms commencing on
January 1962. I direct your attention to the back cover page of the
bulletin where Phillip A. Luce is described as giving a course entitled
"THE threat of THE RIGHT." Are you not the Phillip A. Luce
named as giving that course ?

Mr. Luce. No,

(Document marked "Luce Exhibit No. 4" and retained in committee
files.)

Mr. Nittle. Were you an instructor at The New York School for
Marxist Studies?

Mr. Luce, No.

Mr. Nittle. Were you ever employed by The New York School for
Marxist Studies?
Mr. Luce. No.

752 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

Mr. NiTTLE. Do you kiiow who the person is, identified as Phillip A.
Luce, giving the course entitled "THE threat OF the RIGHT"?

Mr. Luce. It is probably me, but I never gave a course.

Mr. NiTTLE. Were you aware that you were named as being an in-
structor for this course ?

Mr. Luce. Not until after I saw the bulletin.

Mr. NiTTLE. Had you had any discussions with respect to being an
instructor at The New York School for Marxist Studies ?

(Witness conferred with counsel. )

Mr. Luce. Yes, I did have discussions, but I decided not to do it.

Mr. NiTTLE. Did you have those discussions with Dr. Herbert Ap-
theker, its director ?

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

Mr. Luce. As I have said before, sir, I will not testify concerning
anj'One else. I am more than willing to give my own personal views
and testify about myself.

The Chairman. You have said that two or three times. You have
been quite frank in your statements ; but, you see, there comes a time
when, if a person simply says that "I will talk, but I am not going to
say anything about people," that means, in a criminal prosecution, you
can say you witnessed an event, or you witnessed an automobile acci-
dent, and you would be willing to say all you know, but you don't want
to say anything about what happened. That is not proper. It has
never been regarded as proper by this committee. It can't possibly
be, or we would bog down.

Therefore, I order you to answer that question.

Mr. Luce. This is not a criminal prosecution, and although your
treatise may be correct

The Chairman. You are one of the few people who don't imply that
this is a court proceeding. We are not. You are right. But I am
telling you about the rules of the committee and my impression of the
decisions of the courts. Therefore, I direct you to answer the question.

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

Mr. Luce. Yes, sir. I did speak to Mr. Aptheker concerning this ;
but if this is going to be the beginning of questions regarding personal
views, then I will tell you right now I am not going to answer any
more. Yes, sir.

The Chairman. We will face that as the questions develop. I don't
know what they are likely to be.

Mr. Luce. That is probably very true.

Mr. NiTTLE. Did you not know Di-. Herbert Aptheker at the time of
these discussions to be a longtime Communist Party functionary?

Mr. Luce. Not being a member of the Communist Party, the FBI,
nor the CIA, nor the House Un-American Activities Committee, I
would have no idea whether Mr. Aptheker is a member of the Com-
munist Party.

Mr. NiTTLE. Did you know him, by reason of your employment with
the Emergency Civil Liberties Committee, to be a member of the
Communist Party ?

Mr. Luce. That is not only irrelevant, but it is impertinent.

The Chairman. I think he encompassed that in the first question.
Proceed with the next one. He said he did not know whether the
gentleman you named was a member of the Communist Party.

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S. 753

Mr. NrrTLE. I band yon a photostatic copy of page 8 of the National
Guardian^ of August 13, 1962, marked for identification as "Luce
Exhibit No. 5."

I direct your attention to a book review entitled "New book by
Aptheker," written by Phillip Abbott Luce. Are you not the Phillip
Abbott Luce, the author of that book review ?

]\lr. Luce. I am.

(Document marked "Luce Exhibit No. 5'' and retained in committee
files.)

IMr. NiTTLE. You have also contributed to the Communist Party
publication Mainstream^ have you not ?

Mr. Luce. First of all, I didn't know it was Communist Party.
Second, my writings are public writings. I will write whatever I
want to. That is under the first amendment of the Constitution. I
do not see where this has any relevance at all to either passports or
foreign registration.

I cannot understand the relevance of my writings. All of our writ-
ings are public. They have been published in publications, which I
am certain the committee is aware of.

Mr. NiTTLE. Yes, we are.

Mr. Luce. Good.

The Chairman. The Chair will rule on that. You have a right to
write, there is no question about that. Nobody is stopping that. But
this is a question about this particular publication and whether you
contributed tliat article to it.

Mr. Luce. I don't know what article, but I will admit to writing.

Mr. NiTTLE. I hand you a photostatic copy of the February 1963
issue of Mainstream^ marked for identification as "Luce Exhibit No.
6." I direct your attention to an article entitled "NEGROES AND GUNS :
AN EXCHANGE," which bears your name, Phillip Abbott Luce at the
conclusion of the article.

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

Mr. NiTTLE. In this article, you are reviewing a book. Did you
write that review ?

Mr. Luce. I not only wrote, but I am veiy proud to have written
it, sir. It deals with Robert Williams' book and calls for Negroes'
defense.

(Document marked "Luce Exhibit No. 6" and retained in committee
files.)

Mr. NiTTLE. Did you not also appear as a principal speaker, along
with Benjamin J. Davis, national secretaiy of the Communist Party,
U.S.A., at a meeting on June 25, 1962, which was held at the Allerton
Community Forum, 683 Allerton Avenue, Bronx, New York, under
the banner "Stop the McCarranism and Demand Freedom for its
Victims" ?

Mr. Luce. First of all, I don't know if Mr. Davis is what you char-
acterize him. Secondly, I have a perfect riglit to speak where I want
and when I want. That is the subject, and tliat topic happened to
deal with civil liberties. It dealt with the McCarran Act, w^hich hap-
pens to be the one act that this committee passed in its long history, or
at least I consider it to be the most infamous.

The Ciiair:max. You disagree with Congress ?

Mr. Luce. That is my privilege as an American citizen, as you
certainly would recognize

754 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

The Chairman. Yes, certainly.

Mr. Luce. And I will speak where I want to and when I want to
on civil liberties.

The Chairman. The question is, Did you make that talk?

Mr. Luce. I have admitted it. This whole question is absolutely
stupid, irrelevant, and irreverent. To be questioned about speaking
on civil liberties by this committee I find absolutely obnoxious.

The Chairman. Mr. Nittle, proceed.

Mr. Nittle. Mr. Luce, you have asked to review the particular legal
document about which you were questioned awhile ago. During the
course of the interrogation I asked you whether this was prepared,
to your knowledge, by the law firm of Rabinowitz and Boudin.

Mr. Luce. And at that time I said I didn't know what document.

Mr. Nittle. This legal opinion was offered in evidence in the course
of the interrogation of Barry Hoffman, marked as "Hoffman Exhibit
No. 2-B." I now exhibit that legal opinion to you and ask you
whether, to your knowledge, that was prepared by Boudin and
Rabinowitz ?

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

Mr. Luce. I have absolutely no way of knowing who that was pre-
pared by. I do recall now that I did see it, but I have not read it
until and including that date.

Mr. Nittle. No further questions, Mr. Chairman.

The Chairman. When did you depart for Cuba ? Was it June 25 ?

Mr. Luce. I am very bad on dates. It was around that date, yes.

The Chairman. And you said initially, as I remember, that you
did have a passport.

Mr. Luce. Yes, sir.

The Chairman. But when was that passport issued ?

Mr. Luce. In the spring of this year.

The Chairman. In the spring of this year ?

Mr. Luce. Yes, sir.

The Chairman. Did you disclose in that passport, as you should,
where you intended to travel with it? Do w^e have the passport?

Mr. Luce. It is in the application, not the passport. At that time,
I said, sir, that I was going to go to England, France, and other
countries.

The Chairman. England, France, and other countries ?

Mr. Luce. And other countries. Yes, sir.

The Chairman. When you obtained this passport, did you have in
mind going to Cuba, among these other countries ?

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

Mr. Luce. Yes.

The Chairman. Did you, besides going to France and England,
like some others, go to or through Prague ?

]Mr. Luce. Yes.

The Chairman. Did you apply to the appropriate Government
agency — the State Department, the Passport Division, or any other
agency for validation of that passport for specific permission to go
to Cuba? I think you answered that already, but I want to be sure?

Mr. Luce. No, sir, I did not. because I didn't think that it was
illegal to travel to Cuba.

The Chairman. Were you aware, when you applied for this pass-
port and when it was issued to you, of the fact that in order to travel

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S. 755

to Cuba your passport had to be validated and that you had to be given
specific permission to travel to Cuba?

Mr. Luce. I did not Iniow that then and I don't know that now,
because so far as I know there is no law requiring that that be done.
There is a public notice requesting that that be done, but there is no
law on the books stating that you have to have a validated passport
to travel to Cuba.

The CiiAiRMAisr. Yet, according to my notes, one of the statements
purportedly made by you in Cuba, as I understand, was that you said
you had made this trip knowing that it was in defiance of law,

Mr. Luce. No, sir. Knowing that it was in defiance of a public
notice, and public notices are not law. There is no law keeping us
from traveling to Cuba or any place else.

The Chairman. Let me call your attention to the specific law.

("Witness conferred with counsel.)

The Chairman. According to the State Department

Mr. Luce. Sir, it is obvious that, as of today, no one knows of any
law. You can't even find it.

The Chairman. Wait a minute. According to the State Depart-
ment —

travel to Cuba by a United States citizen without a passport specifically vali-
dated by the Department of State for that purpose constitutes a violation of
the Travel Control Law and Regulations. (Title 8 U. S. Code Sec. 1185; Title
22 Code of Federal Regulations, Sec. 53.3) .

Mr. Luce. Yes, sir, I was quite aware of that. That is a public
notice, not a law; 1185(b) deals with the McCarran-Walter Act,
which deals with entry and leaving the United States without a valid
passport.

I had a valid passport. So far as I am concerned, the LTnited States
Constitution is very clear on this issue. While not being explicit,
it is implicit in the guarantees of freedom of travel. I will travel
where I want when I want, because I did not know there was any law,
and you have quoted nothing to me stating a law. That is a public
notice, and public notices are not law to my knowledge.

The Chairman. This public notice quotes the law, and you don't
recognize the law.

Mr. Luce. That does not quote the law; 1185(b), as you should
certainly know, as it was instituted by your predecessor, Mr. Walter,
the Walter-McCarran Act, 1185(b) cleals with a person entering or
leaving the United States without a valid passport. We left the
United States with a valid passport. We reentered the United States
with a valid passport. We have broken no law whatsoever to my
knowledge and I assume to yours, sir.

The Chairman. Here is a letter which has been offered in evidence,
addressed to Mr. Hoffman by Anatol Schlosser, dated December 14,
1962, from which I quote: "The State Department" — and this is
Schlosser.

IMr. Luce. I am not Schlosser.

The Chah^man. Wait a minute. I ha^-e not asked my question. It
will be a question. I am not going to play "ring aromid the rosie."

Mr. Luce. Please don't.

The Chairman. Here is what Mr. Schlosser says, to this prospective
traveler :

The State Department has just notified me that a willful violation of the
travel ban is punishable by a fine of not more than $5,000 and/or imprisonment

756 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

of not more than five years. This however is not going to deter us from our
objectives to exercise our rights as citizens and students to travel and to see
and evaluate for ourselves.

The question is : Did you receive a similar letter ?

Mr. Luce. No, sir. That is Mr. Schlosser's opinion and certainly
not mine. I made my feeling very ^Yell known in a document that
was read earlier, which is the statement that I wrote before we left on
this trip, which gives the very reasons, or a portion of the reasons, why
we considered there should be no law.

The Chairman. Did you have knowledge of the State Department
rulings that this trip or any other trip without validation of pass-
port constituted a violation of the law and regulation I just quoted
awhile ago, whether you agreed with them or not? Did you have
knowledge of that ruling by the State Department ?

Mr. Luce. I would be very lax in my homework if I did not, sir;
but again, it is no law. It is Public Notice 179.

The Chairman. You disagree with the ruling of the State Depart-
ment?

Mr. Luce. I not only disagree witli it, it is absolutely and totally
unconstitutional.

The Chairman. Are j^ou an attorney ?

]Mr. Luce. I am not an attorney, but obviously I have as much
knowledge of this as you since you cannot find what the law is.

The Chairman. I quoted it to you.

Mr. Luce. You did not quote it to me. You quoted a public no-
tice. Public notices do not have the effect of law. And don't come
on to me about that 1185(b), because that is the Walter-McCarran
Act.

The Chairman. Are you familiar with the Title 8 of the United
States Code, 1185, and 'Title 22 of the Federal Regulations, section
53.3?

Are you familiar with those?

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

Mr. Luce. Yes, sir, I knew about it, but that states the State De-
partment's view and is not a law.

The Chairman. And you don't agree with the law^ ?

Mr. Luce. It is not a law. It is a public notice. I do not agree
with the public notice because I consider it unconstitutional. I would
also like to say this to you, sir

The Chairman. Now, we are getting down to it. In other words,
you take the position that this law and this regulation are uncon-
stitutional ?

Mr. Luce. Sir, it is not a law. It is a public notice. Even if there
was a law, however, even if there was a law^, which there is not, I be-
lieve along with Thoreau, Emerson, and other people throughout
American history that certain rules and regulations must be broken.

Now, we did not break a law. We broke a public notice. I want
to make that very clear.

The Chairman. But if in your opinion there was a law, you would
say

Mr. Luce. I Avould consider it my duty to break that law as much
as the Negro voters in the State of Louisiana and Danville, Virginia,
Mr. Tuck, consider the breaking of the State laws when they try to
vote.

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S. 757

[Domonsl ration in hearing room.]

Tlie Chairman. Get them out.

Mr. Luce. "Get them out." Throwino: them out for clappini^. This
may be something you can get away with in Louisiana or Virginia,
but I can't understand it here.

The Chairman. There will be order. As I understand your posi-
tion, it is this: Assuming that there was a law as contended by the
State Department — and I think you broadened it to mean that assum-
ing that there might be Laws on other subjects — you have the right,
you insist upon the right, to break that law before it might be tested
in the courts. Is that your position?

Mr. Luce. "With this confusion, I missed the first part of it. But
what I said is, I don't believe there is a hxw now, but if there were a
law concerning freedom of travel, I would not only consider it my
right but my duty to defy that law, to bring it to public attention, and
to get Congress or the appropriate authority to either repeal it or not.

I take this position in the true tradition of Henry David Thoreau
and Emerson, who took the same position, that one cannot allow these
regulations to go on.

The Chairman. That is what Mr. Laub said yesterday, that he had
peculiar feelings, and he assumed that everybody else had peculiar
feelings, about laws and therefore, as I understand yours and his
philosophy, everyone who disagrees with the law has a right to break
it, to take the law into his own hands.

Mr. Luce. I don't know about

The Chairman. The witness is excused.

Mr. Luce. That wasn't a question. That was a statement.

The Chairman. The committee will stand in recess until 1 :30.

(V/hereupon, at 11 :55 a.m. Friday, September 13, 1963, the hearings
were recessed, to reconvene at 1 :30 p.m. the same day.)

(Members present: Representatives Willis and Johansen of the
subcommittee, and also Representatives Pool, Ichord, Senner, Bruce,
and Schadeberg.)

AFTERNOON SESSION, FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 1.3, 1963

(The subcommittee reconvened at 1 :30 p.m., Honorable Edwin E.
Willis, chairman, presiding.)

(Members present: Representatives Willis, Tuck, and Johansen of
the subcommittee and also Representatives Pool, Bruce, and
Ashbrook.)

The Chairman. Tlie subcommittee will come to order.

As I said this morning, we will remain in order.

The injunctions and suggestions that were made this morning are
fully effective for this aftei-noon's session. The Chair wishes to say
this because of information which has just come to him. No one has
been barred from this room because he or she was a student.

Yesterday, in order to preserve order, I directed the police to eject
from the room those known by them to haA^e been disorderly, and that
was done. This morning I took the responsibility to tell them that
those who yesterday, because of their disorder, had been ejected should
not be readmitted. That is exactly w^hat happened.

Now the police have a better notion of identity as to who you are
than I have, but I want to say it is ridiculous for anyone to say that
anybody has been barred from this room because he or she is a student,

98-765— 63— pt. 3 8

758 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

whether a university student or a student who participated in this
travel to Cuba.

The meeting has been and is open, to as many as the room can ac-
commodate, of those who remain orderly.

Let it be known that the orders issued this morning will remain in
effect.

I am very sure that there are a lot of people here who are interested
in these proceedings and have no intention of being disorderly. Those
who are, for one reason or other, will bring upon themselves the neces-
sity for ejection and will not be readmitted.

Proceed.

Mr. NiTTLE. Yes, sir.

Will Wendie Suzuko Nakashima please come forward ?

The Chairman. Please raise your right hand.

Do you solemnly swear that the testimony you are about to give will
be the truth, the whole tnith, and nothing but the truth ?

Miss Nakashima. I so affirm.

TESTIMONY OF WENDIE (OR WENDY) SUZUKO NAKASHIMA ROSEN,
ACCOMPANIED BY COUNSEL, CONRAD J. LYNN

Mr. NiTTLE. Will you state your full name and address for the
record, please?

Miss Nakashima. Before I do that, I would like to make sure that
the record is correct.

Mr. NiTTLE. In what respect ?

Miss Nakashima. In respect to my name. As I said yesterday, I
don't know if it is on the official record or not, but I find it rather em-
barrassing that so many Congressmen can sign a subpena to me that
has all three of my names incorrectly spelled.

Mr. NiTTLE. What do you state to be your full name ?

The Chairman. Give your regular name. You say you have three
names. Let us have them all.

Miss Nakashima. My name is Wendie, W-e-n-d-i-e ; Suzuko, S-u-
z-u-k-o; Nakashima, N-a-k-a-s-h-i-m-a.

Mr. NiTTLE. Now, Miss Nakashima, it is true that you advised us of
the spelling of your name. However, I hand you a copy of a passport
application filed by j^ou on June 5, 1962, with the New York agent of
the State Department wherein appears a signature purportedly exe-
cuted by you.

The Chairman. At this point, before we go into that, I think you
had better have counsel identify himself.

Mr. Lynn. Conrad J. Lynn, 401 Broadway, New York City.

Mr. NiTTLE. I hand you the passport application to which I have
referred, marked as "Nakashima Exhibit No. 1," and ask you to
examine the signature appearing thereon.

Is that your signature ?

Miss Nakashima. Yes, it is.

(Document marked "Nakashima Exhibit No. 1" and retained in
committee files.)

Mr. NiTTLE. How do you spell your first name on that passport
application ?

Miss Nakashima. On this passport application, it is W-e-n-d-y.

Mr. NiTTLE. Correct.

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S. 759

Is that the way we spelled it on the subpena ?

Miss Nakasiiima. Yes, that is the way you spelled it on the subpena.

Mr. NiTTLE. Now, you state today you spell your lirst name
W-e-n-d-i-e?

Miss Nakashima. "Well, I had nothing to do with my giving the
name. My mother irave me that name.

The Chairman. What was your maiden name ?

Miss Nakashima. On the birth certificate— we are discussing the
name ''Wendie,'' right? On the birth certificate, my birth certificate,
a copy of which I have, after I applied for this passport, my birth
certificate sa^'s W-e-n-d-i-e.

The Chairman. So, you see, let us put it this w^ay : There was no
deliberate intention of misspelling your name. Don't you see ? Ap-
parently you didn't know it until you received the birth certificate.

Miss Nakashima. If it was not deliberate, the other two names were
very carelessly done.

The Chairman. Let us get it all straight. Your true name is
Wendie Suzuko —

Miss Nakashima. S-u-z-u-k-o.

The Chairman. — N-a-k-a-s-h-i-m-e?

Miss Nakashima. "a."

The Chairman, "a."

Now, have you ever been known by any other name?

Miss Nakashima. By my married name.

The Chairman. What is your married name?

Miss Nab:ashima. Rosen, R-o-s-e-n.

The Chairman. What is the name of your husband, full name, I
mean.

Miss Nakashima. Mr. Jacob Rosen. Shall I spell that?

Mr. NiTTLE. Is there some reason why you did not state your name
to be Wendie Suzuko Rosen at the time you were asked to state your
full name today?

Miss Nakashima. That is the name that was on the subj^ena. That
is the name that I answered to you; it was given to me by my parents.
I am not ashamed of that name.

The Chairman. There is no reason for you to be, Madam.

Miss Nakashima. I hope not.

The Chairman. The record should show your true name, and that
is the only thing we are interested in.

Now, have you or have you not, so that we will have it straight once
and for all, been known by any other name except Wendie — I don't
want to mispronounce your name.

Miss NakjVShima. Suzuko.

The Chairman. — Suzuko Nakashima or Mrs. Jacob Rosen?

Have you ever been known by any other name besides those two,
never mind how they are spelled.

Miss Nakashima. No, I have not.

The Chairman. All right.

Mr. NiTTLE. Miss Nakashima, will you state the date and place of
your marriage?

I ask you to do that because in the course of this interrogation we
may have occasion to refer to Jacob Rosen, and we do not wish to pose
any questions to you that will require you to testify against your
husband. But in order to establish that privilege, which you may

760 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

claim, it must first appear that you are, in fact, married to Jacob
Rosen.

Now, will you tell the committee, please, where and when you were
married to Jacob Rosen?

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

Miss Nakashima. I find it shameful that a congressional commit-
tee can't take my word or my lawyer's word that I am married legally,
but I will tell you where and when I was married.

I was married in New York, City Hall, February 1, 1963, to Mr.
Jacob Rosen.

Mr. NiTTLE. "V^Hiere does your husband reside ?

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

Miss Nakashima. With me.

Mr. NiTTLE. Now, when I asked you that question, Miss Nakashima,
I had in mind an article which appeared in the Charlotte Ohserver of
September4, 1963, this September.

At page 2 of the Charlotte Observer^ appears an article entitled
"Monroe School's Boycott Appears To Be Weakening," under the
by-line of Don Gray.

Mr. Gray quotes an interview with Mr. Jacob Rosen, in which Rosen
is reported to have said that he and his Japanese wife, "Wendy," have
been in Monroe for the past 4 months.

Have you resided in Monroe, North Carolina, for the past 4 months ?

Mr. Lynn. May I point out for counsel and to the witness that that
question is ambiguous, in that a person who is on a trip may still have a
residence in another place, so that this witness is being tricked by that
kind of question.

The Chairman. I assure you, sir, that is not the purpose.

Let us say, Was she visiting there or was she there during the 4
months ?

Mr. NiTTLE. The article says, Mr. Chairman, that Mr. Rosen said
he and his Japanese wife, "Wendy," have been in Monroe for the past
4 months.

Now, you gave your residence as New York City ?

Miss Nakashima. You did not ask me my residence.

The Chairman. The counsel explained that. Let us put it this
way : You have given your residence as New York. Is that right ?

Miss Nakashima. Yes, sir.

The Chairman. That is your legal residence ?

Miss Nakashiima. I didn't give it at this hearing.

Mr. NiTTLE. You have given it at another hearing, have you not ?

Miss Nakashima. This is what counts, isn't it ?

The Chairiman. Where do you live ? What is your legal residence ?

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

The Chairman. What is your legal residence ?

Miss Nakashima. 6i22 West 141st Street, New York 31.

The Chairman. Does this article truthfully reflect the fact that you
have been in INIonroe, North Carolina, with your husband for the past
4 months, on a visit or any other way you want to call it ?

]\Iiss Nakashima. Are you asking me where I was in the last 4
months ?

The Chairman. Were you in Monroe, North Carolina, as tliis article
indicates ?

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S. 761

Miss NAKASimiA. Because of the fact that there is such outrageous
racial discrimination existing in Monroe and throughout the South
and because of the fact that there are discriminatory practices in
Monroe against the Negro people, against colored peoples throughout
the South, the Monroe'Student Action Committee in North Carolina,
Monroe, invited myself and my husband down to participate in their
activity and to help them in any way we could.

The Chairman. We are not going into that. The question is : Were
you there the last 4 months ?

Miss Nakashima. That presupposes I was there.

The Chairman. Well, were you ?

Miss Nakashima. Of course I w^as there. Any time anyone wants
me to help in fighting racial discrimination, I am ready to.

The Chairman. Ask your next question.

Mr. NiTTLE. As a matter of fact, weren't you in Cuba from June 30
to August 25, 1963, and not in Monroe, North Carolina, during that
period or for 4 months preceding September 4, 1963, as your husband
said in the Charlotte Observer report ?

Mr. Lynn. That is why counsel made the point that the question
was designed to trick because the question of a visit does not change
the residence.

The Chairman. He is talking about physical presence and not
residence.

Mr. Lynn. The first question he asked had to do with residence;
the first question he asked had to do w^ith residence.

The Chairman. Or domicile. It is a proper question.

The point is this : You said you were in Monroe the last 4 months-
let us establish when those 4 months were.

Mr. NiTTLE, Mr. Chairman, the date of the article is September 4,
1963.

The Chairman. So that would be September, August, July, June.
So it appears that the article states, and you corroborated, that you
were in Monroe, North Carolina, from June to September.

Now he asked you, Is that true or were you, in fact, instead in Cuba
during all or part of that time ?

That is the question, is it not ?

Miss Nakashima. I did not say I was in Monroe for the last 4
months. I said that I was there, that I was invited by the Monroe
Student Action Conmiittee to help them.

The Chairman. How long were you in Monroe? You have a right
to tell the truth. That is all we want.

Miss Nakashima. I am telling you what I said before.

The Chairman. How long were you in Monroe ?

Miss Nakashima. I don't remember.

The Chairman. Ask the next question.

Mr. NrrTLE. Miss Nakashima, will you state the date and place of
your birth, please ?

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

Miss Nakashima. The place of my birth is in question in my mind.
Although I was born right outside Los Angeles, California, I was
very shortly after that thrown into these concentration camps with my
parents and the rest of the yellow people and the Japanese people in
California, so that, exactly were I was born and I spent the first 2
years of my life, I don't know the location.

762 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

The Chairman. It was in California ?

Miss Nakashima. It was in California.

The Chairman. Near what city ?

Miss Nakashima. Near Los Angeles.

The Chairman. All right. That is enough. Goon.

Mr. NiTTLE. I don't recollect whether you gave me the reputed date
of your birth.

Miss Nakashima. June 18, 1940.

Mr. NiTTLE. Now, have you, at any time, resided in Atlanta, Georgia ?

Miss Nakashima. Yes, of course.

Mr. NiTTLE. Will you state the period of your residence there?

Miss Nakashima. Since I was married.

Mr. NiTTLE. You have resided in Atlanta, Georgia, since the time
of your marriage on February 1, 1963 ?

I thought you stated you were a resident of New York City ?

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

Miss Nakashima. I was there in Atlanta for a period of time after
I was married.

The Chairman. About how long?

Miss Nakashima. Well, from the time I was married until the time
I was invited to Monroe, North Carolina.

The Chairman. Then when did you establish your residence in
New York?

Miss Nakashima. With my parents.

The Chairman. When ?

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

Miss Nakashima. "When my parents first moved to New York. I
don't remember when that was — several years ago.

Mr. NiTTLE. Were you residing in Atlanta, Georgia, on June 25,
1963?

Miss Nakashima. No. By that date I was determined to go to Cuba
to see the truth about Cuba, to see why there was

INIr. NiTTLE. That is not the question.

The question is : Were you residing in Atlanta, Georgia, on June 25,
1963, which is the date, I believe, student travel commenced?

Miss Nakashima. I still had the address as Atlanta, Georgia.

Mr. NiTTLE. You still had Atlanta, Georgia, as an address ?

Miss Nakashima. Yes.

Mr, NiTTLE. Will you relate the extent of your formal education,
giving the dates and places of attendance at educational institutions
and any degrees received therefrom ?

Miss Nakashima. I received a diploma from the High School of
IMusic and Art in June 1958 in New York City. I attended the Bud-
dhist Temple school for Japanese folk culture, which I studied for 8
or 9 years, the arts of karate and jujitsu as well as bon odori dancing.
I went to City College. I am still enrolled at City College of New
York.

Mr, NiTTT.E. Will you give the date of commencement of your en-
rollment and attendance at City College, New York ?

Miss Nakashima. I enrolled there September 1958. I am still en-
rolled at City College. I am on a leave of absence.

Mr. NiTTLE. What is your present occupation ?

Miss Nakashima. I am a housewife and a student presently en-
rolled in the City College of New York.

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S. 763

Mr. Nrrri.E. You are not liviiiij: at City Colle<i;e of New York with
your husband ?

Miss Nakasiiima. No one is allowed to live at City College. It is a
city school.

Mr. NriTLE. Have you liad any employment since completing high
school ?

Miss Nakasiiima. Yes, I have.

Mr. NiTTLE. What employment have you had ?

Miss Nakasiiima. I was a dental assistant, I was a dance instructor,
and I don't remember if I had other jobs. I modeled.

j\Ir. NiTTLE. Now, pursuant to the application for passport applied
for by you on June 5, 1962, was not a passport issued to you on June
14, 1062, numbered C-496958?

Miss Nakashima. I don't remember. I don't remember the date or
the number of the passport.

Mr. NiTTLE. Did you receive a passport on June 14, 1962 ?

Miss Nakashima. That is what it says here on this photostatic copy.

Mr. NiTTLE. Did you not subsequently, in June 1963, utilize this
passport to travel to Cuba ?

Miss Nakashima, No, I did not.

Mr. NiTTLE. Did you at any time make application to the Depart-
ment of State for validation of that passport for travel to Cuba ?

Miss Nakashima. I believe that it is every citizen's right to travel
where they want

The Chairjvian. That is not the question. Answer the question and
then you can say the basis of w4iy you did not.

Miss Nakashima. I was asked here to answer questions. I wish to
answer them in my own way. I will not be stopped.

Mr. NiTTLE. Your answer must be responsive to the question.

Miss Nakashima. I will answer the question.

The Chairman. Answer the question.

Miss Nakashima. Will you repeat the question, please?

Mr. NiTTLE. Did you make application to the Department of State
for validation of the passport which you received in June 1962 for
travel to Cuba?

Miss Nakashima. I feel it is every citizen's right and duty to go
and see what is happening in the rest of the world.

Mr. NiTTLE. We are not asking you about that.

Miss Nakashima. I wish to answer the question in my ow^n way.
This is not a kangaroo court. Or is it?

I believe that it is every citizen's right and duty and obligation to
see what is going on in the rest of the w^orld, and I felt that it was my
right by the Constitution of the United States to travel wdiere I will,
when I will, and how I will.

The Chairman. That being your belief, as a matter of fact, did you
apply to have your passport validated, meaning to bear an endorse-
ment on it specifically permitting you to go to Cuba? Did you
apply?

Miss Nakashima. Since there was no law requiring me to apply
for validation, I did not apply for validation.

The Chairman. Of course there is such a law, and we are not going
to quibble over it. You seem to be taking the position of the others,
who do not know what a law book is. I cited a law book.

764 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

Miss Nakashima. There is no law. I thought it was clear to every-
one this morning, there is no such law.

Mr. NiTTLE. Miss Nakashima, the records and information in the
possession of the committee indicate that you were a passenger aboard
BOAC Flight 652, with a gi'oup of alleged students who departed
Idlewild Airport at New York on June 25, 1963 ; that you then traveled
to London, Paris, Prague, and via Cubana airlines arrived in Cuba
on June 30, 1963.

Do you have any corrections to make to that statement ?

Miss Nakashima. There is no reason why I should correct your
statement.

Mr. NiTTLE. Did you have occasion to exhibit your United States
passport to any of the officials at Prague, Czechoslovakia?

Miss Nakashima. To which officials? Czechoslovakian officials?

Mr. NiTTLE. Yes.

Miss Nakashima. I don't remember. It was very confusing at the
Czechoslovakian airport. There was an American official down from,
I don't know, I guess the embassy there. He was busy talking to us,
and

Mr. NiTTLE. Did you exhibit your passport to any official in Prague,
Czechoslovakia ?

Miss Nakashima. Not that I can recall.

Mr. NiTTLE. Did you in Prague, Czechoslovakia, receive from the
Cuban consul or Ambassador or any Cuban official there, a slip visa
authorizing your entry into Cuba after leaving Prague?

Miss Nakashima. No, I did not.

Mr. NiTTLE. Did you exhibit your passport in London or Paris in
the course of this travel?

Miss Nakashima. Yes, I did.

Mr. NiTTLE. Where did you exhibit it?

Miss Nakashima. To the immigration officials at the London Inter-
national Airport and to immigration officials in Paris, as I did to the
United States immigration officials when they asked to see my passport
when I reentered the United States.

Mr. NiTTLE. Did your group, which had traveled to Europe by
BOAC, join up in Paris with the group which traveled there by IvLM ?

Miss Nakashima. Yes, I met some students there.

Mr. NiTTLE. Mrs. Rosen — or do you prefer that I call you
Nakashima ?

]Miss Nakashima. You specified that choice when you wrote on my
subpena "Wendy Nakashima."

I will answer to either one. I am very proud of both,

Mr. NiTTLE, Mrs, Rosen, the committee s investigation discloses
that Stefan Martinot, a leader and spokesman for the group of 59
students, departed from Paris for New York on June 23, two days
before you left Idlewild Airport at New York for London, Did you
see him in Paris?

]\Iiss Nakashima. Mr, Nittle, I will not be forced to be a stool
pigeon, a rat, or a fink or an informer on anyone. It is against my
conscience.

Mr. Nittle. That is also the attitude of members of the Mafia.

Miss Nakashima. I don't care whose attitude it is. It happens to
be mine. I will not be forced into that position.

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S. 765

Mr. NiTTLE. To your knowledge, did Stefan Martinet travel to
Paris to make advance preparation for tlie arrival of the two groups
there and for their further travel by Czecli airlines to Prague?

Miss Nakashima. I doubt — I challenge the authority for you to
ask that question because I don't believe that that question is pertinent
or relevant to my inquiry or to my person or to my beliefs.

Mr. XirrLE. We have had testnnony relating to that. I think we
understand the situation.

Were you in attendance at the organizational meeting of the Ad
Hoc Student Committee for Travel to Cuba which took place in
New York City, according to the testimony of Stefan Martinot, on
October 14, 1962?

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

(At this point Mr. Ichord entered the hearing room.)

Miss Nakasiii3ia. What was the date of that meeting ?

Mr. NiTTLE. October 14, 1962.

Miss Nakashima. I don't remember what I did on that exact date,
but I did take part in an organizational meeting which set up the
committee, the Ad Hoc Student Committee for Travel to Cuba.

Mr. NiTTLE. Were you in attendance at the meeting of the Perma-
nent Student Committee for Travel to Cuba which formed in De-
cember 1962?

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

Miss Nakashima. That is 31 days in the month of December. I
mean— I could possibly have been.

Mr. NiTTLE. Stefan Martinot testified that the Permanent Student
Committee for Travel to Cuba met in the latter part of Deceml^er
1962. He did not recollect the date either, but he did recollect that
the meeting took place.

Miss Nakashima. So what?

Mr. NiTTLE. Do you recollect the meeting taking place? Were you
in attendance there?

Miss Nakashima. I was at several meetings which took place in
which students of many different political beliefs and students from
different parts of the country met to discuss why they wanted to go
to Cuba, why such a travel ban exists preventing honest truth-seeking
students to go to Cuba, and why and what there was in Cuba that
we wished to see and bring back to the United States citizens; and
this is what we discussed at several meetings which I attended.

Mr. NiTTLE. Now, Mrs. Rosen, the committee is endeavoring to deter-
mine whether or not Vincent Theodore Lee, national director of the
Fair Play for Cuba Committee, was in attendance at the organizational
meeting of the Student Committee in the latter part of 1962.

We have made inquiry of Vincent Theodore Lee himself as to
whether he was in attendance at this meeting, but he invoked his
constitutional privilege against self-incrimination.

We tried to determine this fact from Stefan Martinot, who was in
attendance at this meeting.

Will you tell us whether you have any knowledge as to the attend-
ance of Vincent Theodore Lee at the meeting in October 1962?

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

Miss Nakashima. Even if I did know that this man was at a meet-
ing which I attended, I would not cooperate and I would not be an
infoiTner on anyone.

766 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

I will not cooperate with tlie committee that collaborates with self-
confessed Nazis and that has been, that uses people, informers who
have been proven to frame people by lying.

The Chairman. Were you there when he was in attendance ?

You said even if he were there, you would not say.

Now, what do you say ?

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

The Chairman. Was he there or was he not ?

Miss Nakashima. I don't know if he was there. I never inquire
into anyone's name, like other people do. I am not interested.

Mr. NiTTLE. Were either Milton Eosen or Mortimer Scheer, identi-
fied in the course of the hearings as expelled Communist Party func-
tionaries who organized the Progressive Labor Movement, in attend-
ance at the October 14, 1962, meeting of the Ad Hoc Student Com-
mittee ?

Miss Nakashima. I told you before I am not paid to memorize
names and faces like people, people like this scum that sits over there,
and so on. I am not an informer for the House Un-American Activi-
ties Committee or member of the FBI. I wouldn't know. I am not
going to answer that question.

The Chairman. Actually, you don't know whether those two people
were there; is that your answer?

Miss NAitASHiMA. At which meeting ?

Mr. NiTTLE. At the October 14, 1962, organizational meeting of the
Ad Hoc Student Committee for Travel to Cuba which, according to
the testimony of Stefan Martinot, a member of the group, took place
in New York City.

Miss Nak^vshima. I told you I don't remember every minute of
every day of my life where I was, and I am not going to inform on
these people. If they were, I would not tell you. If they weren't, I
would not tell you.

The Chairman. Now you force me to order you to answer that
question.

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

The Chairman. You are ordered to answer the question. It is a
pertinent question.

Miss Naivashima. Since this committee seems to disregard the fact
that I claim the first amendment, I don't want to be an informer. Since
they hold these amendments to the Constitution so lightly, I feel that
I am forced to use the self-incrimination clause of the fifth amend-
ment and I sincerely feel that this committee, if I didn't use that
amendment, that clause, that I might be incriminated.

The Chairman. Your invocation of the fifth amendment is proper
and it is accepted.

The next question.

Mr. NiTTLE. Mrs. Rosen, it is the committee's information that you
were in attendance at the Moscow-staged Eighth World Youth Festi-
val at Helsinki, Finland, which was held July 29 through August 6,
1962. Did you attend that festival?

Mr. Lynn. In what way is that question pertinent to this inquiry ?

Mr. NiTTLE. ]Mr. Lynn, the Eighth World Youth Festival held in
Helsinki was, according to the investigations and hearings of this
committee, a Communist-controlled affair, organized for the express
purpose of conducting propaganda against the United States and the
non-Communist world.

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S. 767

Many persons attendiniv this festival, many young people, were
found to be Communists and pro-Communists. A few others in at-
tendance were patriotic American citizens who went to the festival
for the purpose of defending the interests and prestige of the United
States.

Now the committee has information which leads it to l>elieve that
Mrs. Rosen is a Comnumist and, therefore, her past activities of a na-
ture similar to that under inquiry today are relevant to show her
knowledge, her disposition, and her purpose in traveling to Cuba.

Miss Nakashima. Will you repeat that question ?

Mr. NirrLE. The question is: Did you attend the Eighth World
Youth Festival at Helsinki, Finland, which was held July 29 to August
6,1962?

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

Miss Nakashima. The Eighth World Youth Festival in Helsinki,
Finland, took place in the summer of 1962 to bring together young
people from all over the world to discuss and exchange political ideas,
to discover Avhat M-as happening in those countries like Cuba, which no
one here in America seems to know the truth about, to discover what
other countries Avere doing and what these young people were doing
to eliminate such things as Birmingham and Danville.

Of course I went there to find out what was going on.

j\Ir. NiiT^LE. Did you go to the festival for the purpose of defending
tlie interests and prestige of the United States, or for the purpose of
lending assistance to the objectives of Communist propaganda in de-
faming the United States ?

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

Miss Nakashima. I went to Helsinki, Finland, as did thousands of
other young people, to seek the truth, to find out what was going on
in South Vietnam that the United States Government did not want
to tell, what they were doing to my people in Asia. I Avent there to
find out from peo]Dle from all over the world, to exchange ideas with
them, people of different political convictions, to seek the truth, to
bring it back to the United States.

Mr. NiTTLE. I think you have made your position clear.

Miss Nakashima. Fine.

Mr. NiTTLE. Now I want to direct your attention to your passport
application of June 5, 1962, identified as Exhibit 1, which you have
before you.

You will note at page 2 of the application, in response to questions
relating to your proposed travel plans, you represented to the De-
])artment of State that you intended to visit London, England, France,
and Italy, only; that the purpose of your trip was described as "gen-
eral" : that you intended to depart from New York on or about June
17, 1962, for a proposed length of stay abroad of about 3 months.

Why did you not set forth that among the countries that you in-
tended to visit was Finland ?

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

Miss Nakashima. I visited London, England ; France ; Italy ; as
you said. I went to those countries. I went to many other countries,
as well as Helsinki. I did not put down Helsinki, Finland, because I
felt that the United States in its efforts to hide the truth from the
American citizens, as it has shown by calling us before such illegally

768 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

constituted committees like this, with Congressmen who are voted in
by 5 percent of their population of their cong;ressional districts, by-
Congressmen who do nothing to make reparations for my people, by
Congressmen who make no laws enforcing the fourteenth, fifteenth,
thirteenth, and nineteenth amendments of our country, and by such
people like this — I felt that if I had honestly written down "Helsinki,
Finland," that I might not be able to go or that they would in some
way try to delay me.

Mr. NiTTLE. So that, under oath, you subscribed to a misrepresen-
tation of fact to the State Department. Is that correct ?

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

Mr. NiTTLE. You need not answer that question.

Now, Miss Nakashima, on January 10, 1963, the Attorney General
announced that he had petitioned the Subversive Activities Control
Board to require the registration of an organization, called Advance,
as a Communist front. He said that Advance had been formed in
1960 by the Communist Party, was directed and financed by the Com-
munist Party since that time, and maintained headquarters at 80
Clinton Street, New York City.

The committee has information that you are a member of Advance.
Is this information correct?

Miss Nakashima. I believe in every man's right under the Consti-
tution of the United States to believe what he wants, to associate with
whom he pleases, to speak freely, to go where he pleases

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

The Chairman. Now will you please answer the question?

Miss Nakashima. And I believe that organizations that exist to
eliminate unemployment in the United States, organizations that
exist to defend the Negro in the South

Mr. NiTTLE. You are not answering that question.

Will you answer the question ?

Miss Nakashima. I will be heard.

Mr. NiTTLE. Mr. Chairman, I respectfully request that the witness
be directed to answer that question.

Miss Nakashima. I am answering that question.

Mr. NiTTLE. You either are, or are not, a member of Advance. Are
you, or are you not ?

The Chairman. I direct you to answer the question. I have given
you a lot of latitude. I direct you to answer the question.

Miss Nakashima. No, I am not a member of Advance.

Mr. NiTTLE. Have you ever been a member of Advance ?

Miss Nakashima. "\\niat does that mean ?

The Chairimax. Have you ever been? You say you are not now.
Have you ever been a member of Advance ?

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

Miss Nakashima. Yes, at one time I was a member of Advance.

Mr. NiTTLE. Will you tell the committee, please, when you with-
drew from, or terminated your membership in, that organization?

Miss Nakashima. I don't remember exactly, a couple of years ago.

Mr. NiTTLE. The committee is informed that on June 30, 1960,
you were in attendance at a rally conducted by Advance held at Union
Square, New York City, to protest the United States-Japanese secu-
rity pact.

Miss Nakashima. That could very well be. I would protest it still.

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S. 769

Mr. NiTTLE. Do you recollect being in attendance as a member of
Advance at that time ?

Miss Nakasiiima. When was this ?

Mr. NiiTLE. In June 1960.

Miss Xakashima. I have no recollection of it now but if it were
to take place tomorrow, I would go.

Mr. XiTixE. AVere you a member of Advance in June 1960, at the
time of your possible attendance there ?

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

Miss Nakashima. I don't remember which date I was a member of
Advance. A few years ago, several years ago I was a member of
Advance.

I am no longer a member of Advance, and stop trying to associate
my political beliefs with any subversive activity in this country be-
cause I don't think I am subversive. If anybody is subversive, it is
those Nazis sitting back there.

Mr. NiTTLE. I am sure this committee likes neither the Nazis nor the
Communists.

Now, Miss Nakashima, it is the committee's information that you
attended the August 1961 student Communist Party caucus held in
New York City. Did you attend that caucus ?

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

Miss Nakashima. I know nothing about that caucus that I can
recall.

Mr. NiTTLE. Did you attend the caucus ?

Miss Nakashima. Well, if I don't know about the caucus, how could
I have attended ?

The Chairman. That is all right. Proceed.

Mr. NiTTLE. Perhaps you remember whetlier or not you were a Com-
munist Party member in August 1961 ?

Miss Nakashima. No, I was not.

Mr. NiTTLE. Were you at any time a member of the Communist
Party?

Miss Nakashima. No.

Mr. NiTTLE. Now, did you not, while a member of the Students for
a Sane Nuclear Policy at the City College of New York, refuse to take
shelter during a civil defense air raid drill held May 3, 1960 ?

Miss Nakashima. What does a question of "peace" have to do with
Communist subversive activities ?

The Chairman. The question of "peace at any price," madam.

Answer the question.

Miss Nakashima. The question of peace. I never paid for peace.
I want it, that is all.

The Chairman. Answer the question.

Miss Nakashima. Will you repeat the question ?

Mr. NiTTLE. "Wliile a member of the Students for a Sane Nuclear
Policy, a group organized at the City College of New York, did you
refuse to take shelter during the civil defense air raid drill of Mav 3,
1960? ^ '

Miss Nakashima. Of course. This has been proven, that fallout
shelters do no good in case of an atomic bomb.^ Why should I?

The Chairman. You take the position of the preceding witness, that
that was a silly law ? That is the way he expressed it.

^ Defense Department studies Indicate that even In a devastating, all-out nuclear war,
fallout shelters would save from 25 to 65 million lives.

770 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

Miss Nakashima. Wliat ?

The Chairman. Do you take the position that that is a silly law and
regulation ? That is the way he put it, the witness who preceded you.

Miss Nakashima. It is nonsensical.

The Chairman. Therefore you have a right not to obey it ?

Miss Nakashima. Yes, absolutely. I didn't know that it was a law.

The Chairman. That is the way you feel about travel to Cuba.

Miss Nakashima. You know, many of my people were killed in
Japan with an atomic bomb.

The Chairman. The question is this. There seems to be a pattern
from your lips, Mr. Laub, Mr. Luce, that if any particular individual
does not believe in the validity of the law — you mentioned two specif-
ically here, this travel ban to Cuba and regulations with regard to
shelter drills, and so on — that each individual has a right to judge
whether, in his opinion, the law is good or bad and that each individual
has a right to disobey the law.

Now, is that your position ?

Miss Nakashima. I broke no law. Anyway, if you want an answer
to that question, Thomas Jefferson did it. Read the Declaration of
Independence. People have a right to believe in those righteous
things they want to.

The Chairman. It seems to be a fad these days. It used to be

Miss Nakashima. It is not a fad.

The Chairman. — that one's grievances were taken to the courts.
Now they are taken to the street.

Miss Nakashima. That is what Thomas Jefferson did.

The Chairman. It might be anarchy after a while.

Proceed.

Mr. NiTTLE. Did you not, in Cuba, take part in a press interview on
July 11, 1963?

Miss Nakashima. Have you finished?

Mr. NiTTLE. This was apparently an interview conducted of you.

Miss Nakashima. Repeat the question, please.

Mr. NiTTLE. Did you take part in a press interview w^ith the Havana
radio on July 11, 1963?

Miss Nakashima. I took part in many press interviews while I
was in Cuba, because I was determined that even the news and the
press and the newspapermen should be allowed to come to Cuba. So
I discussed many times when AP reporters were present, when Havana
radio was present, when the Cuban newspapers were present, my be-
liefs and my thoughts on what I saw in Cuba, the fact that I saw in
Cuba they were doing everything possible to eliminate racial dis-
crimination, the fact that I saw that the medicine was free to every
poor person, the fact that no one was allowed to be unemployed or
no one is allowed to starve.

Mr. NiTTLE. In your press interview of July 11, did you not state
on the Cuban radio, which was beamed in English to Europe, that you
were in Cuba at that time because you wanted to know what was
happening in Cuba and desired to go there to see for yourself?

Did you not say that in the course of the interview?

Miss Nakashima. Is that a quote ?

Mr. NiTTLE. It is a paraphrasing of your statement.

Miss Nakashima. Let me see that statement.

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S. 771

JNIr. NiTTLE. This is a verbatim report of a broadcast by Havana
radio in English to Europe which took place at 2020 hours, Green-
Avich mean time, on July 11, 10G3.

The announcer of the broadcast stated :

"Our Youth" program is playing host today to Miss Wendy Nakashima, one
of the 59 American students who are touring Cuba at the invitation of the
Cuban [University] Students Federation.

(Miss Nakashima, 22, says she is from Atlanta, Georgia, studied Far East
history, and has been to Cuba once before — [Ed.]).

In the course of the interview, the announcer asked you: "How
did you come to join this trip?"
You are quoted as replying :

Well, a group of us in New York last October during the Cuban crisis decided
that, why — you know — why should we fight and why should we discuss Cuba
when we don't really know what is happening in Cuba. A lot of us would just
have to go see Cuba. How do we know that we should fight against it? It may
be a good thing, see? [And] not only that but to spread the word, when we
get back, [of] what we saw and how we felt about it. * * *

Miss Nakashima. May I see that statement, and what is wrong with
that ?

The Chaikmax. Well, you said it.

Mr. NiTTLE. Do you recall making the statement ?

Mr. Lynn. She wants to see the document. You were reading from
the document. She has a right to know whether the reading was
accurate.

Miss Nakashima. You did not swear in ; I did.

Let me see that.

(Document handed to witness.)

]\Iiss Nakashima. Why didn't you read the rest of the statement?

Mr. NiTTLE. Now, will you answer the question about the part I
am directing your attention to ?

Miss Nakashima. I will answer the question to the entire state-
ment, not to some sentences taken out of context.

If you want to know what my beliefs are, then you read the entire
thing.

Mr. NiTTLE. Did you make the statement that was just read to you?

ISIiss Nakashima. The half of the statement that was read?

Mr. NiTTLE. I read it in full.

Miss Nakashi^ia. You want to know how I felt about this and
whether I said this. I will only say "Yes" to the entire statement.
I refuse to hide anything that I say.

The Chaikman. All right. Proceed.

Mr. NiTTLE. The question is really this. Miss Nakashima, or ]\Irs.
Rosen: You are indicating to the public that you were in Cuba at
this time because you wanted to go there to see for yourself and in-
dicating that you did not know what was happening in Cuba. As a
matter of fact, you had been in Cuba previously, had you not, in
the course of the Castro regime? Had you not spent several
months

Mr. Lynn. In order to determine whether that question is pertinent
to this inquirv, will you specify the date of the so-called previous
visit?

Mr. NiTTLE. Yes, the latter part of the year 1960.

Mr. Lynn. Then there was no so-called travel ban in effect at that
time.

772 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

The Chairman. That is all right. It is a question of familiarity
with the conditions in Cuba. This hearing has to do, very much to
do, with the goings on there. It is a proper question.

Mr. Lynn. The pertinency of the inquiry has to do with violation
of the travel ban.

The Chairman. Not only that. I read that in my opening state-
ment. It has to do, and this could or could not apply in this instance,
it has to do with foreign agents' registration. It has to do with mi-
lawful travel to Cuba and, although I do not have it here — you may
look at my original statement — it has to do with propaganda gen-
erally and other matters within the jurisdiction of this committee.
The question is a proper question.

Were you in Cuba at any time prior to your travel there with these
students ?

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

Miss Nakasiiima. The time when I visited Cuba was a time when
I did not need a passpoit to travel to that country. It is oidy 90 miles
away. It was very convenient during the sunnner, when I wasn't
going to school for a few weeks, to go to Cuba, when I Iniew that I
didn't have to travel 16,000 miles, whatever it is, to go there. Yes,
I went there in 1960.

The Chairman. She went there in 1960.

Now the next question.

Mr. NiTTiJs. How long vrere you in Cuba during the year 1960?

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

Miss Nakashima. For a few months.

Mr. NiTTLE. Did you obtain any idea what was going on in Cuba
during that 3 months' stay ?

Miss Nakashima. I tried my best.

Mr. NiiTLE. As a matter of fact, were you not working in the Sierra
Maestra Mountains with the Cuban Communists?

Miss Nakashima. You know, I am not

The Chairman. That is a perfectly proper question.

Now you answer that question. I order you to answer that question
"Yes" or "No."

Miss Nakashima. I am answering that question.

The Chairman. I am ordering you to.

Miss Nakashima. You don't have to order me. I have not refused
to answer it.

The Chairman. All right.

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

Miss Nakashima. I would like to know what you mean by working
there with Communists.

Mr. NiTTLE. I presume during tlie 3 months you were in Cuba
you learned that they had in existence there a Communist dictator-
ship ?

Miss Nakashima. You don't want me to answer the previous ques-
tion ?

The Chairman. What is the question and what is the answer?
Let us have the question answered.

Mr. NiTTLE. Were you working in the Sierra Maestra Mountains
with the Cuban Communists during that period in 1960 while you were
there?

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S. 773

Miss Nakashima. What does "Avorking with Communists" mean?

Mr. NiTTLE. Mr, Cliainuan, I ask that you direct llie witness to
answer tlie question.

The Chairman. Were you in lliat area in (he presence of, or witli
people known to you to be, Conniuniists for any purpose ?

Miss Nakashiima. I don't inquire into whether a person belongs to
any political organization.

The Chairman. I know you do not, but it is part of our juris-
diction.

I direct you to answer the question. You are directed to answer
my question.

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

INIiss Nakasiiiima. When I was in the Sierra Maestra in Cuba, the
Cubans at that time were building a school building to house thou-
sands of orphaned children that were killed — whose parents were
killed by Batista's men, by Batista's government, and those children
had never been to school before in their entire lives.

I was working — I lived there for a while — but I did not ask any-
one to which organization they belonged to. Therefore, if I didn't
ask, I don't know how I would know.

The Chairman. You were simply working with them ?

Miss Nakashima. I was not working with them.

The Chairman. You said you were working.

Miss Nakashima. I don't know who they were, which organizations
they belonged to. I was working with Cuban people, and that is all.

The Chairman. I think that is enough for us too.

Mr. NiTTLE. There are no further staff questions, Mv. Chairman.

The Chair^ian. The witness is excused.

Call your next witness.

Mr. NiTTLE. Would Larry Wilford Phelps please come forward?

(Mr. Phelps was reported as temporarily absent.)

Will Catherine Jo Prensky please come forward ?

The Chairman. Please rise and raise your right hand. Do you
solemnly swear that the testimony you are about to give will be the
truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, so help you God?

Miss Prensky. I so aflirm.

TESTIMONY OF CATHERINE JO PRENSKY, ACCOMPANIED BY

COUNSEL, CONRAD J. LYNN

Mr. NiTTLE. Will you state your full name and address for the
record, please?

Miss Prensky. I object to answering any questions while people
who have come to this public hearing have been forcibly ejected from
the room, barred from entering the room from downstairs, beaten
brutally by the police because they were Negroes, some of them —
people who came today who weren't here yesterday disturbing the
liearing — because the committee does not like them but they like
Nazis •

The Chairman, I direct you to answer the question.

Miss Prensky. My name is Catherine Prensky.

Mr. NiTTLE. Is your fidl name C-a-t-h-e-r-i-n-e Jo Prensky,
P-r-e-n-s-k-y ?

98-765— 63— pt. 3 9

774 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

Miss Prensky. Will you spell it slower, please ?

Mr. NiTTLE. C-a-t-h-e-r-i-n-e J-o P-r-e-n-s-k-y ?

Miss Prensky. Yes.

Mr. NiTixE. Are you represented by counsel ?

Miss Prensky. I am.

Mr. Nittle. Would counsel kindly identify himself for the record,
statinc: his name and office address ?

Mr. Lynn. Conrad J. Lynn, 401 Broadway, New York City.

Mr. Nittle. Now, Miss Prensky, are you also known as Kathy
Prensky ?

Miss Prensky. I am.

Mr. NrrTLE. Would you state the date and place of your birth,
please ?

Miss Prensky. I also want to make one more objection. I
object

The Chairman. I direct you to answer the question.

Miss Prensky. Could you repeat the question, please?

Mr. NiTTLE. Were you born June 1, 1943, in New York City?

Miss Prensky. Yes, I was.

Mr. NiTTLE. Would you relate the extent of your formal education,
giving the dates and places of attendance at educational institutions
and an}' degrees you may have received therefrom ?

Miss Prensky. I attended Albert Leonard Junior Higli School in
New Rochelle. I attended New Rochelle High School.

Mr. NiTTLE. "\^Tiat years?

Miss Prensky. 1958 to 1960.

The Chairman. You were about to relate some other institution
you attended.

Miss Prensky. I did not graduate from high school. I was ac-
cepted on earlier admission to the University of Wisconsin. I went
there from 1060 to 1962. At present, I am enrolled for this year at
City College.

Mr. NiTTLE. Is that the City College of New York?

Miss Prensky. Yes.

Mr. Nittle. "Wliat is your present occupation ?

Miss Prensky. I just told you that I am enrolled at City College.

Mr. Nittle. "Wliat other employment have you held during the
course of the year 1963 ?

Miss Prensky. I worked as a clerk-typist and secretary.

Mr. Nittle. Were you, in February of 1963, employed as a secretary
for the American Language Institute at New York University, New
York City?

Miss Prensky. Yes.

Mr. Nittle. Are you still thus employed ?

Miss Prensky. No.

Mr. Nittle. How long were you employed at the American Lan-
guage Institute?

Miss Prensky. I don't remember.

The Chairman. Approximately, in terms of months.

Miss Prensky. Less than a year.

The Chairman. Proceed.

Mr. Nittle. Miss Prensky, I hand you a photostatic copy of a pass-
port application filed April 24, 1962', with the agent of the Depart-

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S. 775

ment of State at New York City, subscribed by Catherine J. Prensky,
and marked for identification as "Prensky Exhibit No. 1."

Is that not your signature appended to the application?

Miss Prensky. It looks like my signature.

(Document marked "Prensky Exhibit No. 1" and retained in com-
mittee files.)

Mr. NiTTLE. You will observe that there is a notation upon the
application to the etiect that a passport numbered C-269419 was issued
to you on April 25, 1962.

Were you at that time issued a United States passport ?

Miss Prensky. I don't remember what date it was.

Mr. NiTTLE. Was it in the spring of 1962 ?

Miss Prensky. Yes.

(At this point, Mr. Johansen left the hearing room.)

Mr. NiTTLE. I direct your attention to the fact that, in response to
questions relating to your proposed travel plans, you set forth in
the application that you proposed to depart from the United States
about June 1962 to travel as a tourist to England, France, Switzer-
land, Italy, and Finland.

Was it your principal purpose in making this application for pass-
port to facilitate travel to Finland to attend the Moscow-staged
Eighth World Youth Festival at Helsinki, Finland, July 29 through
August 6, 1962?

Miss Prensky. Wliat is the exact question ?

Mr. NiTTLE. Did you attend the Eighth World Youth Festival
at Helsinki, Finland, July 29 through August 6, 1962?

Miss Prensky. Yes, I attended the festival.

Mr. NiTTLE. Did you subsequently in June 1963 utilize this passport
to travel to Cuba ?

Miss Prensky. No, I did not use my passport.

Mr. NiTTLE, But you did travel to Cuba in June 1963 ?

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

Miss Prensky. I decided to go to Cuba because I wanted to see the
truth about what was happening there.

Mr. NiTTLE. I did not ask you for that. I just asked whether you
went to Cuba.

Miss Prensky. Yes, I went to Cuba.

Mr. NiTTLE. Now, our information indicates you went aboard the
Eoyal Dutch Airlines, departing New^ York June 25, 1963, traveling
to Amsterdam and Paris. At Paris, you boarded the Czech Airlines
for Prague, Czechoslovakia.

Did you have occasion to exhibit your passport in Amsterdam,
Holland?

Miss Prensky. As a matter of fact, when I exhibited my passport,
it was taken away from me and I was told I would not get it back until
I had talked to a man from, I think he was from the United States
Embassy, and before that point I did not know that the United States
could interfere in that way with the sovereignty of another country.

Mr. NiTTLE. Where was this passport taken from you ?

Miss Prensky. By the immigration officials.

Mr. NiTTLE. Where?

Miss Prensky. In Amsterdam.

776 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

Mr. NiTTLE. Do you mean to say you traveled to Paris without your
American passport?

Miss Prensky. It was given back to me after I spoke to a man from
the American consulate.

Mr. NiTTLE. Did you exhibit your passport to any of the Dutch of-
ficials in Holland ?

Miss Prensky. I just told you I did

Mr. NiTTLE. I said Dutch officials, not American cfficials.

I was under the impression you had your passport removed from
your possession for a spell by an American official.

Miss Prensky. It was removed by a Dutch official, but I was told
that I would get it back after I spoke to the American official.

Mr. NiTTLE. Now, did you exhibit your American passport in
Paris?

Miss Prensky. Yes.

Mr. NiTTLE. Did you subsequently in Prague, Czechoslovakia, re-
ceive a Cuban visa bearing your passport number ?

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

]\Iiss Prensky. I don't remember.

The Chairman. Now, that is an important question. There is
evidence already that apparentl}' some have received what has been de-
scribed as a slip visa, which they did not ask for but which was simply
handed to them in Prague.

You say you do not remember. I want you to think about that again
and give us 3'our best recollection.

Miss Prensky. I had a number of papers at that time and I feel that
it is important that I tell the truth to this committee and to all the
people who are here and, since I don't remember exactly, that is all I
can say.

The Chairman. Do you know whether others received slip visas
from Prague ?

Miss Prensky. I don't loiow anything about other people. I don't
inquire into the privacy of other people the way this committee does.

The Chairman. All right.

You said you wanted to tell the truth, and that is exactly what you
should do and that is fine. You are also under oath. I am going to
ask you this question : Was the subject of having received slip visas in
Prague discussed by you with anyone at any time on the trip, going
or coming ?

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

Miss Prensky. Wliat kind of visas ?

The Chairman. What has been described as a slip visa or a visa
written on a piece of paper with your passport number on it.

Miss Prensky. "\Yliat was the question ?

The Chairman. The question was : Was the question of some or all
having received slip visas handed to them in Prague to go to Cuba
the subject of discussion by you with anyone at any time, in Prague, on
the way to Cuba, in Cuba, or on the way back to the United States?

JNIiss Prensky. I don't remember.

The Chairman. Proceed.

Mr. NiTTLE. Did you at any time make application to the Depart-
ment of State for a validation of your passport for travel to Cuba ?

Miss Prensky. "\'Miy should I make application to the Department
of State?

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S. 777

The Chairman. The question is, Did you ? I'll tell you why. Be-
cause from our point of x'lew — and I suspect there arc awfully good
la^vyers in the State Department and, with due humility, on this com-
mittee — under Federal law, first under a proclamation by President
Truman of declaration of emeri^ency, under Section 1185 of Title 8,
the United States Code, which is a law on the books, and under Sec-
tion 53.3, entitled "Travel Control of Citizens and Nationals in Time
of "War or Emergency," a validation is now required, and since on or
about January 16, 1961, has been required, before traveling to Cuba.
A person must have a stamp or a notation on his or her passport
specifically granting permission of the Government to go to Cuba.

You may agree or not agree that the law exists. You may agree
or not agree that it is meaningful or makes any sense or any other
feelings you have on the subject, but that is the law of the land; that
is our appreciation of the law.

The question is pertinent. Did you, prior to going to Cuba, make
application for validation of that passport, which you had received not
too long before, granting you pennission to go to Cuba?

Miss Prensky. I still don't understand what you mean by the law,
because the law under the Walter-McCarran Act only requires you to
have a passport to leave and enter the ITnited States.

What you were referring to was a public notice, it is not a law.

Also, that is the first time.

The Chairman. Young lady, I will not quarrel with you. You
are parroting what has been said before. That is not my question at
all . The question is : Did you make application ?

Miss Prensky. No.

The Chairman. You did not. All right.

Mr. NiTTLE. Miss Prenslcy, at whose invitation did you join in this
project for travel to Cuba ?

Miss Prensky. I think you already know that the group was in-
vited by a Federation of University Students.

The Chairman. No, at whose invitation in the United States did
you decide to accept the invitation, as you put it, of the student group
in Cuba ? At whose invitation did you decide to accept the invitation
of the student group in Cuba ?

(At this point Mr. Johansen entered the hearing room.)

The Chairman. Let us put it this way. There is no trick about this.

Miss Prensky. At my own invitation.

The Chairman. How did you know about it ? How did you know
about the trip ?

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

Miss Prensky. Some of my friends told me about the proposed
trip.

Mr. NiTTLE. Now, Miss Prensky, I have before me a copy of the
May 1963 issue of the publication entitled Progressive Lahor. At
page 12 thereof appears a copy of a "Dear Friend" letter titled "PL
[Progressive Labor] Students Call Conference: AN INVITATION"

778 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTrVITIES IN TJ.S.

I hand you a photostatic copy of that page of Progressive Labor^
marked for identification as "Prensky Exhibit No. 2." This letter
is indicated to be signed "Fraternally, Steve Martinot, Ellen Shel-
lett"— spelled S-h-e-l-l-e-t-t^"Kathy Prenskj\ For the Progressive
Labor Student Club."

Are you not the Kathy Prensky who joined in the publication of the
"Dear Friend" letter?

Miss Prensky. Yes.

(Document marked "Prensky Exhibit No. 2" follows.)

Prensky Exhibit No. 2
{Progressive Labor, vol. II, No. 5, May 1963, p. 12)

PL Students Call Conference

A i: I H V I T A T I N

Dear Friend :

In I'exico recently the newly-formed Student Socialist Party (PES) von
7% of the votes in the student elections in the Political Science Fac-
ulty of the University of llexico. This was only their second year of
existence - the first year they had won a bare majority of the votes.
'.'e are not trying to say that the same situation exists in the U.S. as
in I'exico or that it would be just as easy to win a majority of U.S.
students to vote for a socialist group. V/e know any radical group in
this country faces a long and very hard up-hill struggle. Put v.e be-
lieve that the road docs go u£ hill. V.'e cite the PES in Mexico sinply
as an exanple of the many new, militant, revolutionary student movements
which are growing up around the world.

In keeping with our goal of building a revolutionary novement for social-
ism in the United States, the PROGRESSIVE LABOR iiCVEIIElIT and thra PROGRES-
SIVE LABOR NEV; YORK STUDEMT CLUB are calling a Ifational Student Confer-
ence on August 31 - September 1, 1965, in I.'ev; York City.

The problems facing radical students in the U.S. today - their isolation
from v.'orking men and women, the constant bombard:-ent wi th the "loyal op-
position" philosophy of liberalism; and the general comfort-corner './ay
of Life -- have tainted even a discussion of a revolutionary movement
here with the label "dogmatist", or "sectarian". V.'e do not believe form-
ing such a movement will be easy — but this doesn't mean it will be im-
possible, "e do not believe we have all the ans;.-ers to the difficult
questions involved — but this doesn't mean lliere are no answers.

Precisely for that reason we are sending out these invitations early. V/e
need and w.^nt your sugi];estions, criticiijms, ideas, questions a'nd roneral
reactions to this proposed conference.

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

779

"Prensky Exhibit No. 2 — Continued

The nain goals of the conference an v.'e envision it now are the dcivelop-
nent of a revolutionary ctucent procram and socialist student organiza-
tion - incluiiinf; such questions as ir.nediate action projects, comjiunica-
tion, student press, etc. An arenda is now being prepared, and work is
also underway on sorr.e proposals for a Student Pror;ram . Tliose will be
sent out to all thoGC who express an interest in nttendintj the confer-
ence (see below) ns soon as they are completed, ''e hope by tliat time to
have received and incorporated at least so-,e of the criticisms and sug-
gestions v;hich you will send us.

We are hopeful that a representative of the !;e>:ican PES will be permitted
to attend our conference, as well as fraternal guests fron other ir,roups
... as well as you .

Fraternally

oteve r.artinot, Ellen Shellett, Kathy Prensky
For the Progressive Labor Student Club

P.S,

Naturally, we will have a :!evolutionary Party on Saturday night,
August 31st.

To PROGRESSIVE LABOR STUDEIJT CLUE
ox 808, GPO, Brooklyn 1, V. .Y .

I will definitely attend the conference

_/hop9 to /cannot_

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PlCd.tcijlVr. L^B^ .-i.

Page one neadline says: "U.o. 'Pro-
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ities That Jistort the Issue in the Gino-lndian
Border Dispute."

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Illinois

Mr. NiTTLE. Miss Prensky, I note that in Exhibit 2, the surname of
Ellen Shallit, S-h-a-1-l-i-t, is spelled incorrectly as S-h-e-1-l-e-t-t.

In the passport application which Ellen Shallit filed with the
Department of State on December 12, 1962, her signature clearly
showed that she spells her name S-h-a-1-l-i-t.

Do you have any explanation for the fact that the name is spelled
S-h-e-1-l-e-t-t?

Miss Prensky. How would I know ? It is none of my business.

The Chairman. All right. She does not know. The next question.

Mr. NiTTLE. Are you a member of the ProgressiA^e Labor Student
Club?

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

Miss Prensky. Yes. One of the reasons is that I believe that so-
cialism is the way to end racism, and under socialism we could have
Congressmen and Representatives that are truly representative of the
people and that are not voted in because Negroes are barred from
voting in their congressional districts.

[Disturbance in hearing room.]

Mr. NiTTLE. No further questions, Mr. Chairman,

780 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

Miss Prenskt. And under socialism we can prevent this kind of
Fascist tyranny.

[Disturbance continued.]

The Chairman (to audience) . The people will sit down. The people
will sit down and the witness is excused.

Call your next witness.

Mr. NiTTLE. Larry Wilford Phelps.

The Chairman. Please raise your right hand.

Do you solemnly swear that the testimony you are about to give
will be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, so help
you God?

Mr. Phelps. I do so affirm.

Mr. Chairman, I would like to offer the incident — I wanted to
excuse myself for not appearing before, because I went outside to go
to the bathroom. I tried to get back in, and the policemen would not
let me back in.

TESTIMONY OF LARRY WILFORD PHELPS, ACCOMPANIED BY

COUNSEL, CONRAD J. LYNN

Mr. NiTTLE. "Will you state your full name and residence for the
record ?

Mr, Phelps. Larry Wilford Phelps, 2114 Wiggins Street, Burling-
ton, North Carolina.

Mr. NiTTLE. Are you represented by counsel ?

Mr. Phelps. I am.

Mr. Nittle. Will counsel kindly identify himself for the record,
stating his name and office address ?

Mr. Lynn. Conrad J. Lynn, 401 Broadway, New York City.

Mr. Nittle. Mr. Phelps, will you state the date and place of your
birth?

Mr. Phelps. The date and place? May 13, 1941. Hurdle Mills,
North Carolina.

Mr. Nittle. Is that Hurdle — H-u-r-d-1-e M-i-1-l-s ?

Mr, Phelps. H-u-r-d-1-e M-i-1-l-s.

Mr. Nittle. Will you relate the extent of your formal education,
setting forth the dates and places of attendance at educational insti-
tutions and any degrees you may have received ?

Mr. Phelps. I started the first grade at Hurdle Mills grammar
school, Hurdle Mills, North Carolina. I went there for 5 years.
Then continued my grammar school education in Christiansburg,
North Carolina, for 2 years, moved back to Burlington, North Caro-
lina. I had from the Tth grade to the 12th grade an education there.

I graduated from high school, Walt M. Williams High School, in
Burlington, North Carolina,

Mr. Nittle. What year ?

Mr. Phelps. 1959. From there I went to the University of North
Carolina and graduated with a bachelor of arts in history this past
June,

Mr. Nittle. What is your present occupation ?

Mr. Phelps. I suppose you would call it a former student.

Mr. Nittle. You are unemployed ?

Mr. Phelps. Well, I am at the committee now. You keep me busy.

Mr. Nittle. Are you unemployed?

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S. 781

Mr. PjTELrs. That is what I said; 1 am at the cormnittee, I don't
have a job now.

Mr. NiiTLE. I hand you a photostatic copy of a passport applica-
tion dated December 7, 1962—

Mr. Phelps. It is one of my better pictures.

Mr. NiTTLE. — filed with the U.S. Department of State and sub-
scribed by a Larry W. Phelps, marked for identification as "Phelps
Exhibit No. 1."

Is that not your signature subscribed to in the application ?

Mr. Phelps. Yes.

jNIr. NrriLE. Pursuant to that application, were you not issued a
United States passport numbered C-777987, on December 11, 1062?

Mr. Phelps. Yes.

(Document marked "Phelps Exhibit No. 1" and retained in conunit-
lee files.)

Mr. NiiTLE. At the time you were issued this passport, were you not
then enrolled in the University of North Carolina ?

INIr. Phelps. That is correct.

Mr. NiTTLE. I direct your attention to page 2 of the application
where, in response to questions relating to your proposed travel plans,
you stated that you intended to visit "England and maybe France"
for the purpose of a Christmas vacation trip.

Did you not, in fact, intend to visit Cuba via Canada at the time
you made application for this passport on December 7, 1962 ?

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

Mr. Phelps. Well, for the first thing, because I didn't go on any
vacation, Christmas vacation, because of efforts by the United States
State Department to prohibit us from going. But in applying for the
passport. I knew — and knew from the facts — ^that the United States
Government would refuse it on gi'omids which I would not accept
because it is my right, it is my right as an individual and more so my
right as a student, to visit any place I damn well pleased, and I will
do it, ]io matter what.

For that reason, I knew duplicity was necessary.

When I feel I have to use duplicity in order to exercise the rights
that I feel as an individual I deserve, I will continue to do so.

The Chairman. The next question.

Mr. NirPLE. ]Mr. Phelps, I hand you a photostatic copy of ])age 1 of
the October 26, 1962, issue of the Daily Tar Heel., a student publication
of the University of North Carolina at Chai^el Hill, marked for iden-
tification as "Phelps Exhibit No. 2."

I direct your attention to an article titled "Cuba Trip Planned By
PLC [Progressive Labor Club] Members."

The item reports an interview with you and states :

As to why he planned to go with or without the State Department's permission,
Phelps said that he did not feel that the department had the right to restrict the
travel of an American citizen, and that he would be willing to test their authority
on this matter.

Were you correctly reported in the Daily Tar Heel?

Mr. Phelps. This particular statement was absolutely correct, as
I said earlier, that I would go to Cuba because I felt it was my right
as an individual, and more so as a student, to find out the truth and
that I would test this, just as the people of Louisiana and Mississippi
are testing the laws there.

98-765— 63— pt. 3 10

782 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

(Document marked "Phelps Exhibit No. 2" and retained in com-
mittee files.)

Mr. NiTTLE. The item in the Daily Tar Heel — Exhibit 2, which you
have before you — also reports you as saying that: "The arrange-
ments" for travel to Cuba over the Christmas vacation "are being
worked out by three students in New York City," and that "the New
York coordinators * * * have been in contact with Castro's lawyer
in that city * * *."

In what manner did you acquire knowledge that the New York
coordinators were in contact with Castro's lawyer?

Mr. Phelps. Well, as far as this particular part of the interview,
there is a misquote, because I said that a group of students centered
aromid New York City were going, were planning a trip for Christ-
mas to Cuba, and they were in contact with Cuban Government of-
ficials.

But later on, I found out they were not in contact with Cuban
Goverimient officials, but were in contact with the Student Federation
of Cuba, and was corrected because of this misstatement.

The Chairman. I wonder how they can go so far off? Your ex-
planation which you just gave contains the words "Cuban Govern-
ment." That was never mentioned in the interview ?

Mr. Phelps. Don't ask me. Talk to the guy who wrote the article.

The Chairman. O.K. The next question.

Mr. NiTTLE. Do you have any knowledge as to how the student trip
to Cuba was financed with respect to the payment of the tickets ac-
quired from KLM and BOAC ?

Mr. Phelps. No.

Mr. NiTTLE. Do you know who "J. Jacobs" is ?

Mr. Phelps. No.

Mr. NiTTLE. Now, Exhibit 2, the Daily Tar Heel of October 26,
1962, which you have before you, identifies you as a member of the
local Progressive Labor Club at Chapel Hill, North Carolina.

Were you then a member of the Progressive Labor Club at Chapel
Hill, North Carolina?

Mr. Phelps. Well, as I said earlier, I had lived in Hurdle Mills.
I lived in Christiansburg and I lived in Burlington, North Carolina ;
and in each of these areas my father had a different profession. He
had been a farmer, had been a worker, and had been a merchant. In
each of these situations, I learned more about the life of the working
people, and especially the working people that I knew, and the prob-
lems they faced. And when I went to college, I, through my studies,
leaiTied more about not only what is happening in this country but
what is happening throughout the world, especially in South Vietnam,
especially in Cuba, and other areas, Algeria, et cetera.

From these experiences, I felt that a radically new solution had to
be offered to the American people, a radical solution which could solve
the basic problems which confront them — not only racism, which is
extremely important; not only unemployment, which is extremely
important; but not that abolition of such committees as this is ex-
tremely important ; but, most of all, the creation of a society in wliich
man will live with man in harmony and peace.

I felt that this could only be achieved if we created a socialist
society.

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S. 783

Taking this initial position, I looked, I thought about organizations
and groups of people which could best achieve this goal.

From this investigation and from this looking, I discovered Pro-
gressive Labor. Progressive Labor's policy is this: that in order to
alleviate the war danger, a war danger which is basically caused by
an economic system which nuist constantly increase its military budget
in order just to employ people, a system which must constantly pit
man against man; and because of this I felt that Progressive Labor
would best serve these ends and, therefore, I joined.

Mr. NiTTLE. Will you tell us the approximate date, or the exact
date if you remember, w^ien you became a member of Progressive
Labor ?

Mr. Phelps. I don't know the exact date.

Mr. Nii^LE. The conmiittee's investigation discloses that a Pro-
gressive Labor Club was formed at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, on
or about August 1962 and that you and John Frederick Salter, a
student at the LTniversity of North Carolina who also made the trip
to Cuba, were the principal organizers of the Progressive Labor
Club at Chapel Hill. Is that true ?

(Witness conferred with counsel.)

Mr. Phelps. I will testify about my participation, and my par-
ticipation was as one of the organizers of the Progressive Labor Club
at the University of North Carolina.

Mr. NiTTLE. ]\Ir. Phelps, I have before me a copy of the official
publication of the Progressive Labor Movement, entitled Progressive
Labor^ Volume I, No. 7, of July-August 1962, and marked for identi-
fication as "Phelps Exhibit No. 2-A."

At page 5 an editorial, captioned "PL Conference," states in part :

A new nation-wide organization aimed at the eventual launching of a Marxist-
Leninist party in the United States was formed July 1 at an all-day conference
called by Progressive Labor.

More than 50 delegates from Progressive Labor groups in 11 cities attended
the conference, held at the Hotel Diplomat in New York City.

Delegates from New York, Pennsylvania, New England, North Carolina, and
Georgia, were among those joining in the discussion.

Do you know how many North Carolina delegates attended this
conference ?

(Witness confeiTed with counsel.)

]\Ir. PiiELPS. No. I don't know.

(Document marked "Phelps Exhibit No. 2-A" follows.)

784 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

Phelps Exhibit No. 2-A
(Progressive Labor, vol. I, No. 7, July- August 1962, p. 5)

PL CONFERNCE

a step to secure the future

A new natlon-widp organization aimed at the eventual Leninist Party can be formed: The development of a rev -
launching of a Marxist-Leninist party in the United States olutlonary program; organization and development o'. n«w
«••• termed ^ly 1 at an all-day conference called by Pro- forces capable - among other things — of bringing Proflres-
OlftlliXfi. Lahv sive Labor activities into the public spotlight; and the de -

More than iO delegates from Progressive Labor groups In velopment of a c^rps of leaders "capable of guiding all as-
11 cities atter.ded the conference, held at the Hotel Dipio- pects of political development."

mat In New Ycrk City. The conference elected Rosen chairman of a 14-member

By a vote of 48 to 2 the delegates approved the main re- national coordinating c >mmittee to guide the new organlza-
port by PL editor Milton^osen, after several hours of tion's work. Mort Scheer of Buffalo, the other editor of PL,
heated discussion which included the adoption of several was elected vice-chairman,
amendments. A special resolution was passed calling for the election

The final report, as amended, cited two major tasks for of a second vice chairman to represent the south,
the new organization In the Immediate future: 1. "To de- Delegates from New York, Pennsylvania, New England ,

velop as far as possible a significant Marxist-Lenlnlst North Carolina, and Georgia, were among those joining In

p.-ogram foe the new party;" and 2. To organizea collective the discussion. Many speakers told of conditions in their
organization of leaders and members." part of the country which led them to form PL clubs and to

Rosen declared, "The new world relationship of forces, support the preparations for a national revolutionary party,
favoring socialum, national and colonial liberation, and Persuasion and flexibility are the organizational princl-

p«acc, has not fundamentally altered the basic character- pies under which the new group will function, according to
Utics of U.S. imperialism." the adopted report.

Referring to the Kennedy administration, the report called "The socialist revolution in the U.S. will be born from

it "the most dangerous clique that the ruling class has in- the union of a revolutionary program and dedicated revo-
stalted In government to date. Kennedy has shown himself lutionary groups, " the report declared. "Each— program
wili,ng to use every form of political ruthlessness to serve and psrsonnel — is essential to the marriage if a revo-
monopoly capital." lutionary family Is to grow. The program is a tool — of the

Warning that "we will not be stampeded into the parly organizer. Without a prt^gran it will be Impossible to ap-
•tage (of organization)," Rosen listed three fundar'ertai proach, win, and h^tld new people. On the other hand,
pre-requisites which must be achieved before a M-i.xi^t- without new revolutionary people it will be Impossible to
larry out the program, or even to furmuUte it luUy. "Therefore. " the report lontiiiufd. "even as we walk on one
leg of program - even as we begin miw lu draft the program for our new parly - we niuiststep off on the leg of
organization. "

The report urged the or(;aiiizatiQn ul Profjressive Labor Clubs. Marxist study circles, and class-conscious
■ mgle- issue organizations, as the most miportanl levels of organization within (he coming period.

Cautioning agarnat rushing into a new parly loo last, Rosen declared, "We set luitime limits, except to say accel-
erate the process by doing the necessary work. "

ftit he added. "On the other hand, we retreat not an inch in our goal of establishing a party in the U.S. Let UB
be clear to ourselves, let us be forthright to those around us. let us lie recognized by our perspective. "

The conference hailed the coming publication of the new Marxist- Leninist Quarterly, scheduled to appear this
tall, aa a major aid to the devel onment of a rivulutionary party m the United States.

The Chairman. Were you in attendance at the conference ?

Mr. Phelps. Yes.

Mr. NiTTLE. Mr. Phelps, I also have before me a copy of the Char-
lotte Observer^ P^ge 1, August 2, 1962, marked for identification as
"Phelps Exhibit No. 2-B." It carries an article entitled "UNC [Uni-
versity of North Carolina] Students Form Labor Club Along Marx-
ist Lines."

The article reports that a small group of University of North
Carolina students is organizing a Progressive Labor Club along Marx-
ist-Leninist lines. It also states that the Progressive Labor group
has sent a six-man delegation to a recent national Progressive Labor
meeting in New York — referring obviously to this July 1 conference.

Was there a six-man delegation sent from the Progi-essive Labor
Club at North Carolina to the New York meeting which you state you
have attended?

Mr. Phelps. Your reading facility seems to have improved aver the
last conmiittee men who were here.

That is what it says. That is the article.

(Documeiit marked "Phelps Exhibit No. 2-B"' follows.)

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

785

Phelps Exhibit No. 2-B
{Charlotte Observer, Aug. 2, 19G2, p. 1)

'WE ARE ABOVE BOARD'

UNC Students Form Labor
Club Alouff Marxist Lines

By GARRY BLAN€HARD

Special to The Observer

CHAPEL HILL — A small
group of Univer|ity jof rinrtb
Pa rnlina sludents is organizing a
'Ttogressjve Labor CIub'\ aimed
at 'developing a "truly revolu-
tionary national party based on
improving the condition of the
workers along Marxist-Leninist
lines." ' ... I

Originally planned as purely a
student organization, the group
has decided to enter the integra-
tion and labor union movement
in the state.

Tentative plans for the form-
ation of integrated "worker's
councils" have been discussed,
and the group now is working'
on a platform aimed at im-
proving labor conditions in the
atatc.

.The group is one of several
admittedly Marxist groups or-
ganized around a monthly New
York magazine called "progres-
sive labor." The groups disclaim
any connection with the C o m-
munist Party. •

This group and one in Atlanta
are the only two in the South.
It has no formal organization
at present, although spokesmen
have been designated. ;••■■■
• One is Dennis King, 2i', h uni-
versity senior majoring in his-
tory. His father, Dr. A..^ Kin^!
is head of the university's sum";
mer school. ' • • ' I

Another mertrbcr is Nick Bal£-
soHj 26, /a graduate student in
psychology from Oxford, E n g-
land. Bateson".'5 father is Eng-
lish literary ca-i(ic F. W. Bate-
son. an Oxford instructor who is
now a visitjidg professor . at
Penn State.

King says that there are
about a dozen people in the
group, most of them UNC
students. He declined to ident-
ify the other members without
(heir permission.

' "We are completely open and
above board," Bateson said. "We
will not and are not engaging in
any conspiratorial activities."

Student newspaper ■ reporter
Bill Hobbs, a junior from Wash-
ington, D. C, covered the
group's last meeting. He reports
that "The group feels existing
socialist and Marxist groups in
the country, including the Com-
munist Parly, are not presenting
a 'unified vanguard to further
socialist objectives.'

"They plan to publicize their
activities and hold open meet-
ings," Hobbs said. He added
that the group plans to expand
in size and scope of activities
this fall.

"They ■ feel that the tendency
of many other 'leftist' groups to
go underground 'has just fed
propaganda to their enemies,' "
Hobbs said.

Most bt tlie members, who '
began meeting in June, are for-
mer members of the New Lefi
Club, a discussion group "for"
anyone left of Kennedy." (It
disbanded in May but may be
reorganized this fall.)

The group sent a six-man dele-
gation to a recent national Pro-
gressive Labor meeting in New
York. Delegates reportedly dis-
cussed organizing a political par;
ty but decided to wait a year
before doing so. , .

Neither UNO President Wil-
liam C. Friday or Dean of Stu-
dent Affairs Charles Henderson
were aware of the group when
asked if they had any comment
on it. ■;

Henderson said that the group
does not represent the univer-
sity, but noted, "We've had
many instances in the past where
students have used excellent
judgment in situations like this

The Chairman. Do you have any knowledge of it, personally ?

]Mr. Phelps. I already te.stified that I wasn't sure of the number
who attended. This article says six. Maybe there were six.

Mr. NiTTLE. It is the committee's information, Mr. Phelps, that
prior to the formation of the Progressive Labor Club at the Univer-
sity of North Carolina, Jacob Rosen, identified here as the husband
of Wendie Xakasliima and identified in testimony before this com-
mittee on February 3, 1960, as a member of the Communist Party,

786 PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S.

was a frequent visitor on the campus of the University of North
Carolina.

Did you have any discussion with Jacob Rosen with respect to the
formation of a Progressive Labor Chib at the University ?

(Witness conferred with counseL)

Mr. Phelps. "Well, I have listened to the hearings for almost 2 days
now and I have heard names, names, and again I have heard names.

It is my right as an individual to see whoever I please, whenever I
please; and as such and because of this, I do not have to tell anybody
at any time, at any place, who I see, where I see them, and when I see
them.

The Chairman". All right

Mr. Phelps. Just wait a minute, will you ?

And because of this and especially if these individuals, I respect
their opinions and I think that the things they do are just, I will
not inform on them.

Yes, I may have information on crooks and racists and I will con-
tinue to infomi on them, but I will not inform on the people I think
are right.

Mr. NiTTLE. By that, you mean Communists?

The Chairman. "Wait a minute.

Following the requirements of the decisions of the Supreme Court
entitling you to be warned and to be instructed because of the con-
sequences of your failure or refusal to answer, I now direct you to
answer the question.

("Witness conferred with counsel.)

Mr. Phelps. As I said, I refuse imder the first amendment; and
because of the tactics of the committee, which is obvious to everyone
and they have achieved their purpose, and hooray for them, hip, hip,
cheerio, good-bye, I have to take the section of the fifth amendment on
incrimination against one's self.

Mr. XiTTLE. Now, the article of August 2, 1962, contained in the
Charloft OhHPrrei\ identified as Phelps Exhibit 2-B, in relating the
foiTnation of the Progi-essive Labor Club at the University of North
Carolina, states as follows :

Most of the members, who began meeting in .June, are former members of
the New Left Club, a discussion group "for anyone left of Kennedy." (It dis-
banded in May but may be reorganized this fall.)

"It" referring to the New Left Club.

Did tlie meetings of the Progressive Labor Club begin on or about
June 1962, as stated in the Charlotte Ohserver?

Mr. Phelps. "What meetings ? "Wliere?

Mr. NiTTLE. "When did you first meet with a group of students as
the Progressive Labor Club at Chapel Hill ?

Mr. Phelps. As far as my personal attendance, I am not sure of the
exact meeting. It was some time in July or August of that year, I am
not sure.

Mr. NiTTLE. Were most of the members of the Progressive Labor
Club, as reported, formerly members of a group called the New Left
Club?

Mr. Phelps. I don't Imow about the membership, former member-
ship of the individuals that made up this group.

PRO-CASTRO PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN U.S. 787

Mr. NiTTLE. Had Jacob Rosen been active in the organization of
the New Left Club prior to the formation of the Progressive Labor
Club?

Mr. PiiELrs. Well, here we go again. I cannot in all conscience
discuss the activities of another individual. As I said, especially
if I agree with those individuals and feel that the things they are
doing are right and feel, because they are doing these things, other
people who are not doing what is right are trying to hinder them, not
only tiying to hinder them but to actually prosecute them and harm
f heni in other ways; and because of this, I feel that it is my right under
the first amendment to associate with whom I please.

The Chairman. Now I direct you to answer the question.

Mr. Phelps. Also, I must take the section of the fifth amendment,
incrimination against myself.

Mr. NiiTLE. Did not Jacob Rosen appear on the campus at the
University of North Carolina to attend the meetings of the New Left
Club?

Mr. Phelps. You see, I was a member at one time in the New Left
Club in Carolina; and this organization, as the thing correctly re-
ports, was for "people left of Kennedy." To our misfortune, it takes
in everything, because, as we all know, Kennedy is quite far to the
right by his action in Vietnam and CuhsL and also in this country.

We can see in the labor dispute that we have just had that he is
willing to sacrifice the jobs of 65,000 workers.

We see in the ca,se of Birmingham and also in a recent case of
Alabama that he will use troops, as I said, as a face-saving measure,
a measure in which he can let the Wallaces and et cetera look up and
say we follow the Constitution, well enough.

The Chairman. I direct you to answer the question.

Mr. Phelps. I do not in all conscience and cannot in all conscience
talk about individuals who I respect and who I feel will be harmed
by my actions. It is my right under the Constitution to take this posi-
tion; as well as we all know, if I testify or if I testify about this
individual, we know from the history of this committee tJirough its
web of involvement that incrimination will come against myself
eventually.

The Chairman. And so?

Mr. Phelps. I will take the self-incrimination clause.

Mr. Nittle. Did you at any time make application to the Depart-
ment of State for validation of your passport for travel to Cuba?

Mr. Phelps. No.

Mr. Nittle. No further questions.

The Chairman. The witness is excused.

This is the last witness in connection with this particular hearing.

But, before adjourning, I think it is appropriate on behalf of my-
self and the committee to express to the members of the District Police
and Capitol Police our appreciation for their best efforts and, success-
fully I think, doing the best they could under the difficult circum-
stances to preserve order.

With that, I declare this particular hearing adjourned.

("Whereupon, at 3:45 p.m. Friday, September 13, 1963, the sub-
committee adjourned, subject to the call of the Chair.)

INDEX

Individuals

A Page

Alper, Don 665

Anton, Anatole 721, 739

Aptheker, Herbert 752

Bateson, F. W 785

Bateson, Nicholas 785

Batista y Zaldivar Nicholas (Fnlgencio) 773

Bennett, James Steven 723

Blanchard, Garry 785

Boudin, Leonard 658, 700. 744-746, 754

Brown, Michael 697

Buchanan, Charles 723

Castell, Luria 697, 728

Castro, Fidel— 653, 654, 658, 662, 681-683, 687, 692, 693, 696, 701, 727, 743, 745, 782

Coatsworth, John 674

Combash, Wayne 674

Cucchiari, Salvatore 652, 655, 672-674, 680, 681, 685

Davis, Benjamin, J.. Jr 658, 753

Davis, Robert 723

Driggs, Stephen 697

E
Estevos, Caryl 723

Foreman, Clark 655, 685, 700, 747, 748

Friday, William C 785

Gallup, George 687

Goldstein, Eleanor 655, 680

Gordon, Marcus 683

Gray, Don 760

H
Hall, Gordon 664, 671, 690, 702

Henderson, Charles 785

Henderson, Loy 668

Hill, Hector Warren 688,723

Hobbs, Bill 785

Hoffman, Barry-— 651-656,663,664-702 ( testimony ), 714, 726, 743, 746, 754, 755
Hoover, J. Edgar (John Edgar) 747,751

Jacobs (or Jacob), J. (or Jay) 657,658,660,722,723,725-727,739,740,782

Jencks, Clara Dee Echelbarger 723

Jencks, Clinton 723

Johnson, Eric 723

ii INDEX

K Page

Kaffke, Robert 723

Karman, Pete 728

Kennedy (John F.) 733, 784-787

Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeevich 692, 693

King, A. K 785

King, Dennis 78o

Lacy, James 697. 723

Laub, Lee Levi. (See Laub, Levi Lee.)

Laub, Levi Lee (born Lee Levi Laub) 651-658, 671, 672, 674,

676, 680, 681, 683, 684, 694-699, 704 (testimony), 710, 711-735 (testi-
mony), 742, 757, 770.

Lee, Vincent Theodore 765

Lima, Jose Maria 723

Luce, Phillip Abbott 655, 658, 674, 684, 685, 697-701,

704, 705-706 (statement), 721, 738-757 (testimony), 770

Lynn, Conrad J 706, 708-710, 758, 773, 780

Maher, Albert 723

Mao Tse-tung 691, 692

Martinot, Stefan (Steve) 655, 656, 675. 680, 685, 686, 697-

699, 712, 716-718, 723, 730, 731, 741, 742, 765, 766, 778, 779

May, Mabel 723

Mazzola, Gerald 695, 696

McCkjne, John 662

Milton, John 674, 697, 723

Nakashima, Wendie (Wendy) Suzuko. (See Rosen, Wendie (Wendy)

Suzuko Nakashima.)
Nicolaus, Martin 697

O
Ortiz, Vickie (Victoria) 65.3, 655, 680

Phelps, Larry Wilford 655,

660, 674, 680, 685, 686, 708 (statement), 743 773, 780-787 (testimony)

Prensky, Catherine Jo (Kathy) 655,

659, 660, 680, 706-708 ( statement ), 723, 773-780 (testimony)
Prensky, Kathy. (See Prensky, Catherine Jo.)

Rabinowitz, Victor 658, 744-746, 754

Rainman, Don 723

Raisner, Christian 697, 723

Rein, David 704, 710, 711

Riemann, Richard 723

Robeson, Paul 699

Rockwell, George Lincoln 737

Rosen, Jacob 659, 660, 759, 760, 785-787

Rosen, Milton 656, 659, 679, 717, 732, 733, 766, 784

Rosen, Wendie (Wendy) Suzuko Nakashima (Mrs. Jacob Rosen) 655,

659, 680, 685, 686, 708, 709 (testimony), 742, 758-773 (testimony), 785

Salter. John Frederick 655, 680, 783

Scheer, Mortimer 6.56, 659, 679, 717, 732, 766, 784

Schlosser, Anatol Isaac 651, 655, 656, 66'^666, 671, 675, 684, 712, 717, 755, 756

Shallit. Ellen 652, 655, 672, 674, 680, 685, 697, 778, 779

Shellett, Ellen. (See Shallit, Ellen.)

INDEX lii

Page

Smith, Rhoden 655, 680, 697

Spencer. Harold 693, 694

Standard, Michael B 705, 710, 738

Stuart, Todd 674. 723*

Thoraas, John 674

Thorne, Richard 730

Tishman, Mark 655,680

Truman (Harry S.) 777

V
Veloz, Richard 683

Williams, Ann 723

Williams, Robert F 654, 694, 753

Z
Zehnan, Arthur 723

Organizations

Ad Hoc Student Committee for Travel to Cuba {see also Permanent Stu-
dent Committee for Travel to Cuba) 656, 658, 659. 716-718, 741, 765, 766

Advance 659, 768, 769

Allerton Community Forum (Bronx, N.Y.) 753

American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) 655,699

Antioch College (Yellow Springs, Ohio) 751

Armed Forces National Liberation Front (Venezuela). {See FALN.)

Boston University (Boston, Mass.) 665

Brooklyn College (Brooklyn, N.Y.) 657,718,751

Bryn Mawr College (Bryn Ma^AT, Pa.) 751

China Books and Periodicals 779

City College of the City of New York (CCNY) 657, 674, 718, 730

Civil Defense Protest Committee 734

Civil Rights Congress 747

Columbia Progressive Labor Student Club. (See entry under Progressive
Labor Movement.)

Columbia University (New York, N.Y.) 657,674,712,718,730,751

Columbia Progressive Labor Student Club. {See entry under Progres-
sive Labor Movement.)
Communist Party of the United States of America :

National Conventions and Conferences, Seventeenth Convention,

December 10-13, New York City 732

States and Territories :

New York State 679, 732

Erie District 732

Cuban Federation of University Students 653, 657, 671, 674, 678,

679, 683, 6S7, 694, 719, 720, 724, 725, 771, 777, 782
Cuban Institute for Friendship Among the Peoples 653, 678. 683, 695, 696

Eighth World Youth Festival. (See entry under World Youth Festivals.)

Emergency Civil Liberties Committee (ECLC) 655,658,684,685,698-700,

702, 738, 740, 742, 744, 747-749, 751, 752

1 Mispelled Stewart in this reference.

iv INDEX

Page

P"'ALN (Armed Forces National Liberation, Venezuela) 691

FLN (National Liberation Front. Sonth Vietnam) 691

Fair Play for Cuba Committee (FPCC) 765

Harvard University (Cambridge, Mass.) 674,751

Lamont Geological Observatory 712

Monroe Student Action Committee (Monroe, N.C.) 761

National Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy (SANE), Students for a

Sane Nuclear Policy (City College of the City of New York) 659, 760

National Committee To Abolish the Un-American Activities Committee

(NCAUAC) 655, 699

National Liberation Front ( South Vietnam ) . ( *S'ee FLN. )

New Left Club (University of North Carolina) 7S5-7KT

New York School for Marxist Studies, The 751, 752

General Studies Division 751

SCOPE (Student Committee on Progressive Education) 751

New York University (New York City) 674

North American Friends of Cuba 6-54,693,694

Oakland City College (Oakland. Calif.) 674

Ohio State University (Columbus, Ohio) 749-751

Permanent Student Committee for Travel to Cuba (.see also Ad Hoc Stu-
dent Committee for Travel to Cuba) 651.

652, 656-6.58, 666-668, 670-672, 681, 686, 718, 719, 740, 741, 765
Progressive Labor Club (University of North Carolina). {See entry
under Progressive Labor Movement.)

Progressive Labor Movement (>55-657, 659, 660. 679,

680, 685, 693, 702, 717, 7-30-734, 737, 741, 743, 766, 777, 778, 783, 784

Columbia Progressive Labor Student Club (Columbia University) 731

National Student Conference, August 31-September 1, 1963, New

York City 778

Progressive Labor Club (University of North Carolina) (>60, 781-787

Progressive Labor New York Student Club 660, 778, 779

Progressive Labor New York Student Club. {See entry under Progres-
sive Labor Movement.)

Rabinowitz and Boudin (law firm) 746,754

Radio Havana 742, 771

SCOPE. {See Student Committee on Progressive Education.)

San Francisco State College (San Francisco, Calif.) 657, 674, 718

Sarah Lawrence Collese (Bronxville, N.Y.) 751

Stanford University (Palo Alto, Calif.) 657,718

Student Committee on Progressive Education (SCOPE) 751

Students for a Sane Nuclear Policy (City College of the City of New
York). {See entry under National Committee for a Sane Nuclear
Policy. )

Students for Liberal Action (Ohio State University) 749-751

INDEX V

Page

United States Government: State Department (JHC?. 715, 755

University of California (Berkeley, Calif.) 657,674,718

University of Chicago (Chicago, 111.) 657,718

University of Indiana (Bloomington, Ind.) 674

University of Michigan (Ann Arbor, IMich.) 657,674,718

University of North Carolina (Chapel Hill, N.C.) 674, 786, 787

Progressive Labor Club. {See entry under Progressive Labor Move-
ment. )
University of Wisconsin (Madison, Wis.) 657,718

WBAI-FM (radio station) (New York City) 733

Wesleyan 674

World Youth Festivals: Eighth Youth Festival, July 29-August 6, 1962,

Helsinki, Finland 659, 660, 766, 767, 775

Publications

Crusader, The 694

"Genocide Crime in South Vietnam" 691

Marxist-Leninist Quarterly 784

Masters of Deceit (book) 747

Progressive Labor 732

Revolucion 716

Rights 658,684

"Under the Yoke of the U.S.— Doom in South Vietnam" 691

us- .7f/

ERRATA SHEET FOR "VIOLATIONS OF STATE DEPART-
MENT TRAVEL REGULATIONS AND PRO-CASTRO
PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN THE UNITED STATES,
PART 3"

Page 70i2, 28th line from top, "extent" should read "extend".
Page 70^), delete lines 13, l-i, and 15 below heading and substitute
therefor:

"Mr. Luce. I refuse to be swoni before this committee in executive
session. .Vnything I have to say can be made in open session. I never
requested an executive session."

Page 717, last line on page, "Cuban airlines" should read "Cubana
airlines".

jAN 30 1964

98-T68

BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY

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